Question: when did gps become available for civilian use

Answer: 1980s

This is a document about Global Positioning System
  positioning information. The GPS provides critical positioning capabilities to military, civil, and commercial users around the world. The United States government created the system, maintains and controls it, and makes it freely accessible to anyone with a GPS receiver. The GPS project was started by the U.S. Department of Defense in 1973. The first prototype spacecraft was launched in 1978 and the full constellation of 24 satellites became operational in 1993. Originally limited to use by the United States military, civilian use was allowed from the 1980s following an executive order from President Ronald Reagan after the Korean Air Lines Flight 007 incident. Advances in technology and new demands on

This is a document about Global Positioning System
  The GPS project was launched in the United States in 1973 to overcome the limitations of previous navigation systems, combining ideas from several predecessors, including classified engineering design studies from the 1960s. The U.S. Department of Defense developed the system, which originally used 24 satellites, for use by the United States military, and became fully operational in 1995. Civilian use was allowed from the 1980s. Roger L. Easton of the Naval Research Laboratory, Ivan A. Getting of The Aerospace Corporation, and Bradford Parkinson of the Applied Physics Laboratory are credited with inventing it. The work of Gladys West is credited as instrumental in the development of computational techniques for detecting satellite

This is a document about Global Positioning System
 In 1972, the USAF Central Inertial Guidance Test Facility (Holloman AFB) conducted developmental flight tests of four prototype GPS receivers in a Y configuration over White Sands Missile Range, using ground-based pseudo-satellites. ; In 1978, the first experimental Block-I GPS satellite was launched. ; In 1983, after Soviet interceptor aircraft shot down the civilian airliner KAL 007 that strayed into prohibited airspace because of navigational errors, killing all 269 people on board, U.S. President Ronald Reagan announced that GPS would be made available for civilian uses once it was completed, although it had been previously published [in Navigation magazine], and that the CA code (Coarse/Acquisition code)

This is a document about Surveying
  Navy TRANSIT system. The first successful launch took place in 1960. The system's main purpose was to provide position information to Polaris missile submarines. Surveyors found they could use field receivers to determine the location of a point. Sparse satellite cover and large equipment made observations laborious, and inaccurate. The main use was establishing benchmarks in remote locations. The US Air Force launched the first prototype satellites of the Global Positioning System (GPS) in 1978. GPS used a larger constellation of satellites and improved signal transmission to provide more accuracy. Early GPS observations required several hours of observations by a static receiver to reach survey accuracy requirements. Recent improvements to both satellites and receivers allow Real Time Kinematic (RTK) surveying. RTK surveys get high-accuracy measurements by using a fixed base station and a second roving antenna. The position of the roving antenna can be tracked.

This is a document about Satellite navigation device
  initially only a slightly degraded "Selective Availability" positioning signal. This new availability of the US military GPS system for civilian use required a certain technical collaboration with the private sector for some time, before it could become a commercial reality. In 1989, Magellan Navigation Inc. unveiled its Magellan NAV 1000, the world's first commercial handheld GPS receiver. These units initially sold for approximately US$2,900 each. In 2000, the Clinton administration removed the military use signal restrictions, thus providing full commercial access to the US GPS satellite system. In 1990, Mazda's Eunos Cosmo was the first production car in the world with

This is a document about 6555th Aerospace Test Group
  The Navstar Global Positioning System (GPS) program opened up a whole new field for space support operations at the Cape in the 1980s: the launching of satellites to provide highly accurate three-dimensional ground, sea and air navigation. The U.S. Navy and Air Force began the effort in the early 1960s with a series of studies and experiments dealing with the feasibility of using satellite-generated radio signals to improve the effectiveness of military navigation. After ten years of extensive research, the services concluded that Defense Department requirements would be best served by a single, highly precise, satellite-based Global Positioning System (GPS). In December 1973, the

This is a document about History of wildlife tracking technology
  GPS technology enables individuals to observe relatively fine-scale movement or migratory patterns in a free-ranging wild animal using the Global Positioning System. After fitting animals with a GPS receiver, their position is determined by precisely timing the signals sent by GPS satellites high above the Earth, and the location of satellites sending the signals. As soon as GPS became available for civilian use in the 1990s, biologists started to attach GPS receivers to animals. Although the first civilian GPS receivers were developed by Magellan in 1989, they were very large and therefore impractical for animal applications. By the mid-1990s, the larger GPS manufacturing companies created GPS receivers that were smaller, more energy-efficient, and therefore more usable for animal-tracking applications. GPS tracking devices are often linked to an Argos Platform Transmitter Terminal (PTT) enabling them to transmit data via the Argos System, a scientific satellite system which has been in use since 1978. Users can then download their data directly from Argos via telnet and process the raw data to extract their transmitted information. Data can also be transmitted via GSM networks, using SMS messages or internet protocols in a GPRS session.

This is a document about Timeline of United States inventions (1946–1991)
  Bartholomew, Randolph Zwirn and, "an important outsider," Robert Kern. Ivan Getting, while working at Raytheon, envisioned a satellite system similar to MOSAIC, a railroad mobile ballistic missile guidance system, but working more like LORAN. The GPS program was approved in December 1973, the first GPS satellite was launched in 1978, and by August 1993, 24 GPS satellites were in orbit. Initial operational capability was established in December of that same year while in February 1994, the Federal Aviation Agency (FAA) declared GPS ready for use. 1972 PET scanner 1972 Magnetic resonance imaging 1973 Personal watercraft A personal watercraft (PWC) is

This is a document about Electronic monitoring in the United States
  writes, "... the original goal of electronic monitoring was not to punish offenders but to provide a means of rewarding prosocial, noncriminal behavior." 1973: The military launches the first GPS project to improve existing navigation systems. 1980s: Following a tragic airline accident, the Reagan administration announces GPS will also be available for civilian use. Meanwhile, Jack Love, a New Mexico State judge embraces EM technology after viewing a Spider-Man cartoon in which the antagonist slaps a "radar device" on Spider-Man. Love pitches EM to technology companies, leading to the production of the first transmitter unit, the size of a cigarette package, to be attached to an ankle. 1990: All 50 states employ radio-frequency (RF) technologies to varying degrees to

This is a document about Korean Air Lines Flight 007
  disasters. The U.S. decided to utilize military radars to extend air traffic control radar coverage from 200 to 1200 mi out from Anchorage. The FAA also established a secondary radar system (ATCBI-5) on Saint Paul Island. In 1986, the United States, Japan and the Soviet Union set up a joint air traffic control system to monitor aircraft over the North Pacific, thereby giving the Soviet Union formal responsibility to monitor civilian air traffic, and setting up direct communication links between the controllers of the three countries. President Reagan announced on September 16, 1983, that the Global Positioning System (GPS)

This is a document about Navigation
  became operational in 2016. China has indicated it may expand its regional Beidou navigation system into a global system. More than two dozen GPS satellites are in medium Earth orbit, transmitting signals allowing GPS receivers to determine the receiver's location, speed and direction. Since the first experimental satellite was launched in 1978, GPS has become an indispensable aid to navigation around the world, and an important tool for map-making and land surveying. GPS also provides a precise time reference used in many applications including scientific study of earthquakes, and synchronization of telecommunications networks. Developed by the United States Department of Defense, GPS is officially named NAVSTAR GPS (NAVigation Satellite Timing And

This is a document about Global Positioning System
  kg handheld receiver. ; In 1992, the 2nd Space Wing, which originally managed the system, was inactivated and replaced by the 50th Space Wing.50th Space Wing.png]] ; By December 1993, GPS achieved initial operational capability (IOC), with a full constellation (24 satellites) available and providing the Standard Positioning Service (SPS). ; Full Operational Capability (FOC) was declared by Air Force Space Command (AFSPC) in April 1995, signifying full availability of the military's secure Precise Positioning Service (PPS). ; In 1996, recognizing the importance of GPS to civilian users as well as military users, U.S. President Bill Clinton issued a policy directive declaring GPS a dual-use system

This is a document about Global Positioning System
  extrasolar planets. ; Automated vehicle: applying location and routes for cars and trucks to function without a human driver. ; Cartography: both civilian and military cartographers use GPS extensively. ; Cellular telephony: clock synchronization enables time transfer, which is critical for synchronizing its spreading codes with other base stations to facilitate inter-cell handoff and support hybrid GPS/cellular position detection for mobile emergency calls and other applications. The first handsets with integrated GPS launched in the late 1990s. The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) mandated the feature in either the handset or in the towers (for use in triangulation) in 2002 so

This is a document about Timeline of United States inventions (1946–1991)
  GPS is the descendant of the United States Navy's Timation satellite program and the United States Air Force's 621-B satellite program. The invention of GPS was a collaborative and team effort. The basic architecture of GPS was devised in less than a month in 1972 by Colonel Bradford Parkinson, Mel Birnbaum, Bob Rennard, and Jim Spilker. However, Richard Easton, a son of Roger Easton who was the head of the U.S. Navy's Timation program, claims that his father invented GPS and filed U.S. patent #3,789,409 in 1974. Other names listed by Richard Easton are James Buisson, Thomas McCaskill, Don Lynch,

This is a document about Nuclear weapons delivery
  increased accuracy for Air Force bombers as well as ICBMs. Updates from the Navy Transit system were too slow for the high speeds of Air Force operation. The Navy Research Laboratory continued advancements with their Timation (Time Navigation) satellites, first launched in 1967, and with the third one in 1974 carrying the first atomic clock into orbit. Another important predecessor to GPS came from a different branch of the United States military. In 1964, the United States Army orbited its first Sequential Collation of Range (SECOR) satellite used for geodetic surveying. The SECOR system included three ground-based transmitters from

This is a document about GPS Block III
  The United States' Global Positioning System (GPS) reached Full Operational Capability on 17 July 1995, completing its original design goals. However, additional advances in technology and new demands on the existing system led to the effort to modernize the GPS system. In 2000, the U.S. Congress authorized the effort, referred to as GPS III. The project involves new ground stations and new satellites, with additional navigation signals for both civilian and military users, and aims to improve the accuracy and availability for all users. Raytheon was awarded the Next Generation GPS Operational Control System (OCX) contract on 25 February 2010. The first satellite in the series was projected to launch in 2014, but significant delays pushed the launch to December 2018.

This is a document about Global Positioning System
  Galileo system. ; In 2004, United States President George W. Bush updated the national policy and replaced the executive board with the National Executive Committee for Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing. ; November 2004, Qualcomm announced successful tests of assisted GPS for mobile phones. ; In 2005, the first modernized GPS satellite was launched and began transmitting a second civilian signal (L2C) for enhanced user performance. ; On September 14, 2007, the aging mainframe-based Ground Segment Control System was transferred to the new Architecture Evolution Plan. ; On May 19, 2009, the United States Government Accountability Office issued a report warning that some GPS satellites could

This is a document about Global Positioning System
  second launched in 1969, with the third in 1974 carrying the first atomic clock into orbit and the fourth launched in 1977. Another important predecessor to GPS came from a different branch of the United States military. In 1964, the United States Army orbited its first Sequential Collation of Range (SECOR) satellite used for geodetic surveying. The SECOR system included three ground-based transmitters at known locations that would send signals to the satellite transponder in orbit. A fourth ground-based station, at an undetermined position, could then use those signals to fix its location precisely. The last SECOR satellite was launched in 1969.

This is a document about Global Positioning System
  establishing an Interagency GPS Executive Board to manage it as a national asset. ; In 1998, United States Vice President Al Gore announced plans to upgrade GPS with two new civilian signals for enhanced user accuracy and reliability, particularly with respect to aviation safety, and in 2000 the United States Congress authorized the effort, referring to it as GPS III. ; On May 2, 2000 "Selective Availability" was discontinued as a result of the 1996 executive order, allowing civilian users to receive a non-degraded signal globally. ; In 2004, the United States government signed an agreement with the European Community establishing cooperation related to GPS and

This is a document about Satellite navigation device
  As with many other technological breakthroughs of the latter 20th century, the modern GNSS system can reasonably be argued to be a direct outcome of the Cold War of the latter 20th century. The multibillion-dollar expense of the US and Russian programs was initially justified by military interest; on the contrary the European Galileo was conceived as purely civilian. In 1960, the US Navy put into service its Transit satellite based navigation system to aid in naval navigation. The US Navy in the mid-1960s conducted an experiment to track a submarine with missiles with six satellites and orbiting poles and was able

GPS became available for civilian use in 1993 when the Clinton administration announced that it would be made available for civilian use after the completion of the Soviet Union's KAL 007 shootdown. However, the first commercially available GPS receiver for civilian use was the Magellan Navigation NAV 1000, which was introduced in 1989.


Question: what trophies did man u win last season

Answer: UEFA Europa League

This is a document about 2009–10 in English football
  financial problems, are expelled from the Conference a year after being relegated from the Football League and were wound-up shortly after. Their expulsion made them the first team at this level to fold mid-season since Newport County in February 1989. 28 February: Manchester United steal the first major silverware of the season by beating Aston Villa 2–1 in the League Cup final at Wembley, retaining the trophy. It is the fourth time they have won the trophy – all of the wins have been under the management of Sir Alex Ferguson. In the Premier League, United are still looking strong contenders for the title as they stand one point behind leaders Chelsea. Arsenal's good form has seen them occupy third place with just two points less than United and a nine-point gap outside their nearest contenders Tottenham Hotspur and Manchester City.

This is a document about 2016–17 Manchester United F.C. season
  The 2016–17 season was Manchester United's 25th season in the Premier League, and their 42nd consecutive season in the top-flight of English football. It began against Leicester City in the FA Community Shield, with United prevailing 2–1 to win the first trophy of the domestic calendar. In February 2017, the club won their second trophy of the campaign, beating Southampton 3–2 in the EFL Cup Final. Although they missed out on qualifying for the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League via the league, having finished in sixth place, a 2–0 victory over Ajax in the 2017 UEFA Europa League Final meant they qualified for the Champions League group stage as Europa League title holders. The triumph also made United the fifth team to have won UEFA club coall three main European club trophies. Following the departure of Louis van Gaal at the end of the previous season, the club signed former Porto, Chelsea, Inter Milan and Real Madrid manager José Mourinho on a three-year contract, with the option of a further year.

This is a document about Manchester United F.C.
  and FA Cup in the same season) three times; the second in 1995–96 saw them become the first club to do so twice, and it became referred to as the "Double Double". United became the sole British club to win the Intercontinental Cup in 1999 and are one of only two British clubs to have won the FIFA Club World Cup, in 2008. In 1999, United became the first English club to win the Treble. The club's most recent trophy came in May 2017, with the 2016–17 UEFA Europa League. In winning that title, United became the fifth club to have won the "UEFA club coEuropean Treble" of European Cup/UEFA Champions League, Cup Winners' Cup, and UEFA Cup/Europa League after Juventus, Ajax, Bayern Munich and Chelsea.

This is a document about Liverpool F.C.–Manchester United F.C. rivalry
  Manchester United's 26-year spell without a league title was replicated and exceeded by Liverpool from 1990 to 2020, during which time United dominated English football and won 13 league titles, 23 domestic cups and five European trophies. Liverpool's success in domestic competitions such as the 2003 League Cup and 2006 FA Cup as well as European competitions like the 2005 and 2019 Champions Leagues allowed them some consolation during their league title dry spell, which finally ended in 2019–20. Despite their contrasting fortunes, only six times since 1972 have neither Liverpool nor United finished in the top two of the league table – in 1980–81, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2014–15, 2015–16 and 2016–17 – and in five of those six campaigns, silverware was still taken home by one of the two clubs; Liverpool paraded the European Cup and League Cup in 1981, while Manchester United lifted the FA Community Shield and FA Cup in the 2004 season and Liverpool claimed the Champions League in 2005. United brought home the FA Cup again in 2016 and they won a treble of trophies consisting of the Community Shield, League Cup and UEFA Europa League in 2016–17.

This is a document about 2007–08 in English football
  Manchester United were crowned league champions for the second year in succession, the tenth time in the history of the Premier League and the 17th time overall. They also won the European Cup/UEFA Champions League for the third time, and Cristiano Ronaldo finished as the league's top scorer with 31 goals. While all three of their main rivals kept the battle for the title close, Chelsea had the more dramatic season; influential manager José Mourinho departed in mid-September and was replaced by Avram Grant, who became the first Chelsea manager in four years to go without a trophy. Arsenal, meanwhile, after two seasons of disappointment, finished

This is a document about List of Manchester United F.C. records and statistics
  Manchester United's first trophy was the Manchester Cup, which they won as Newton Heath LYR in 1886. Their first national senior honour came in 1908, when they won the 1907–08 Football League First Division title. The club also won the FA Cup for the first time the following year. In terms of the number of trophies won, the 1990s was Manchester United's most successful decade, during which they won five league titles, four FA Cups, one League Cup, five Community Shields (one shared), one UEFA Champions League, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, one UEFA Super Cup and one Intercontinental Cup. The club currently holds the record for most top-division titles, with 20. They were also the first team to win the Premier League, as well as holding the record for the most Premier League titles (13), and became the first English team to win the European Cup when they won it in 1968. Their most recent trophy came in May 2017, when they won the UEFA Europa League.

This is a document about List of Manchester United F.C. seasons
  more Premier League titles in 1999–2000 and 2000–01, making Manchester United only the fourth club to win three consecutive English league titles. The club picked up their 10th Premier League title in the 2007–08 season, and followed it with a third Champions League title 10 days later. The following season, Manchester United became the first British club to win the FIFA Club World Cup, before becoming the first English club to twice claim three consecutive league titles in 2008–09. In 2010–11, Manchester United won their 19th top division title, passing Liverpool's previous record of 18, before winning a 20th title in 2012–13. In 2016–17, Manchester United won their first UEFA Europa League trophy, making them only the fifth club to win the UEFA club cothree main European club competitions.

This is a document about List of Premier League winning players
  injury. For the first season, players received a miniature version of the trophy rather than a medal. As of the end of the 2020–21 season, seven clubs have won the title – Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Arsenal, Chelsea, Manchester City, Leicester City and Liverpool – with 574 medals awarded to 291 players. Ten players have won the title with more than one club. Having won 13 Premier League championships, Manchester United have more title-winning players to their name than any other club, with 86 players awarded 247 medals. Ryan Giggs, who spent his entire career at the club, has won more medals than any other player with 13. Over a third of medals have been awarded to English players and the next most frequent nationalities of winners are French and Brazilian.

This is a document about 2008–09 Manchester United F.C. season
  the final. Two months later, on 1 March 2009, the club added the 2008–09 League Cup to their trophy cabinet with a 4–1 penalty shootout win over Tottenham Hotspur after a goalless 120 minutes in the final. United secured the Premier League title with a goalless draw at home to Arsenal on 16 May 2009. This made them the first team to win three consecutive English top flight titles on two occasions, having also done so between 1999 and 2001. This was the final season where Cristiano Ronaldo was on the Manchester United roster until the 2021-22 season, as he was sold for an at-the-time record-breaking transfer to Real Madrid following the end of this season.

This is a document about 1966–67 in English football
  3) number of goals scored. ; source=rsssf.com Manchester United clinched their second league title in three seasons, finishing four points ahead of Nottingham Forest and FA Cup winners Tottenham. Leeds United and Liverpool completed the top five. A 6-1 signature victory at West Ham United on the penultimate weekend of the season, with the fabled triumvirate of Best, Law and Charlton all on the scoresheet, confirmed what was Matt Busby’s (the Manchester United Manager) fifth and final top flight league title. Manchester United were formally presented with the league title trophy a week later, after their final match of the season (a 0-0 draw at home to Stoke City). It was to be a further 26 years before Manchester United returned to the top of English football, winning the inaugural Premier League title in 1993. Blackpool and Aston Villa dropped into the Second Division. {{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL }}

This is a document about 1997–98 Manchester United F.C. season
  his hands on the coveted trophy since its inception, in only his first full campaign. He completed a double three weeks later by winning the FA Cup, regarded by many fans and pundits alike as unthinkable given the circumstances four months ago. The Red Devils signed off their disappointing campaign on a high at home to Leeds and a comfortable victory away to the already relegated Barnsley. Alex Ferguson vowed to regain the trophy next season and promised a whole host of new signings, starting with Dutch defender, Jaap Stam. Colours: Green = Manchester United win; Yellow = draw; Red = opponents win.

This is a document about 1999–2000 in English football
  Manchester United retained the Premier League title, winning it for the sixth time in eight seasons, and finished the season as champions by a record 18-point margin; while their season was marred by faltering results in the early stages, a struggle to replace long-serving goalkeeper Peter Schmeichel, and their controversially withdrawing from the FA Cup in favour of an ultimately fruitless entry into the 2000 FIFA Club World Championship, they made up for this in style by winning all but three games (only one of which ended in defeat) after Christmas. Arsenal finished runners-up for the second successive season, having spent much of

This is a document about Manchester United F.C.
  subsequently knighted for his services to football. Manchester United won the league again in the 1999–2000 and 2000–01 seasons, becoming only the fourth club to win the English title three times in a row. The team finished third in 2001–02, before regaining the title in 2002–03. They won the 2003–04 FA Cup, beating Millwall 3–0 in the final at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff to lift the trophy for a record 11th time. In the 2005–06 season, Manchester United failed to qualify for the knockout phase of the UEFA Champions League for the first time in over a decade, but recovered to secure

This is a document about Manchester United F.C.
  Manchester United is one of the most successful clubs in Europe in terms of trophies won. The club's first trophy was the Manchester Cup, which they won as Newton Heath LYR in 1886. In 1908, the club won their first league title, and won the FA Cup for the first time the following year. Since then, they have gone on to win a record 20 top-division titles – including a record 13 Premier League titles – and their total of 12 FA Cups is second only to Arsenal (14). Those titles have meant the club has appeared a record 30 times in the FA Community Shield (formerly the FA Charity Shield), which is played at the start of each season between the winners of the league and

This is a document about Manchester United F.C.
  against Liverpool on 2 May 2021, which saw a Premier League game get postponed due to supporter protests for the first time in the competition's history. On the pitch itself, United equalled the biggest win in Premier League history with a 9–0 win against Southampton on 2 February 2021, but ended the season with defeat on penalties in the UEFA Europa League Final against Villarreal, going four straight seasons without a trophy and one season away from equalling their worst trophy drought since the club was last relegated. On 20 November 2021, Manchester United announced that Solskjær had left his role as manager.

This is a document about Sport in Manchester
  Manchester City and Manchester United are popular Premier League football clubs in Manchester. United's ground is in Old Trafford; Manchester City's home ground is the City of Manchester Stadium in east Manchester. Fixtures between the clubs are referred to as the Manchester Derby. Manchester United are historically the most successful football club in England with 66 elite honours won (including three European Cups). Manchester City have won seven domestic league titles, most recently in 2021. Under the management of Pep Guardiola in winning the Premier League in 2018, they became the only Premier League team to attain 100 points in

This is a document about 1998–99 in English football
  The seventh season of the FA Premier League saw Manchester United finish champions for the fifth time, one point ahead of the previous season's champions Arsenal. United also ended Arsenal's defence of the FA Cup, going on to defeat Newcastle United in the final to become the first English team to win the league title and FA Cup double on three occasions, having already won the double in 1994 and 1996. They then went on to win the European Cup to become only the second English club to win three major trophies in the same season. This made them the first English club to win the European Cup in 15 years, and manager Alex Ferguson was knighted. Chelsea's revival continued with a third-place finish in the

This is a document about 2012–13 in English football
  In Sir Alex Ferguson's final season as manager, Manchester United comfortably won their 13th Premier League title and their 20th overall, topping the table in mid-November and never surrendering their lead, though a run of just three wins in their last eight matches meant that they squandered the chance to become the first ever top-flight side to earn a hundred points in a season. Neighbours and defending champions Manchester City finished in second place, though they never looked like seriously challenging for a second successive title, and this, combined with a humiliating FA Cup final defeat by Wigan Athletic, cost Roberto Mancini his job. Despite enduring a turbulent season

This is a document about Manchester United F.C.
  Manchester United Football Club is a professional football club based in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England, that competes in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. Nicknamed "the Red Devils", the club was founded as Newton Heath LYR Football Club in 1878, changed its name to Manchester United in 1902 and moved to its current stadium, Old Trafford, in 1910. Manchester United have won more trophies than any other club in English football, with a record 20 League titles, 12 FA Cups, five League Cups and a record 21 FA Community Shields. United have also won three European Cups/UEFA Champions Leagues, one UEFA Europa League, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, one UEFA Super Cup, one Intercontinental

This is a document about 1996–97 in English football
  For the fourth time in five seasons, Manchester United won the Premier League title. Despite inconsistent form early in the season, including a run that saw them concede 13 goals in three matches, they only lost two more league games all season, going top at the start of February and never surrendering their lead. The next three sides were separated only by goal difference. Newcastle United finished as runners-up for the second successive season; any hopes of a title challenge were derailed by the shock resignation of inspirational manager Kevin Keegan in January, though they rebounded somewhat under new manager Kenny Dalglish to claim second place. Arsenal, despite a turbulent start to the season which saw

Manchester United won the UEFA Europa League in the 2016–17 season.


Question: when were air brakes first used on trucks

Answer: the early 20th century

This is a document about Air brake (road vehicle)
  An air brake or, more formally, a compressed air brake system, is a type of friction brake for vehicles in which compressed air pressing on a piston is used to apply the pressure to the brake pad or brake shoe needed to stop the vehicle. Air brakes are used in large heavy vehicles, particularly those having multiple trailers which must be linked into the brake system, such as trucks, buses, trailers, and semi-trailers, in addition to their use in railroad trains. George Westinghouse first developed air brakes for use in railway service. He patented a safer air brake on March 5, 1872. Westinghouse made numerous alterations to improve his air pressured brake invention, which led to various forms of the automatic brake. In the early 20th century, after its advantages were proven in railway use, it was adopted by manufacturers of trucks and heavy road vehicles.

This is a document about Airbag
  line. In October 1993, the Dodge Ram became the first pickup truck with a standard driver-side airbag. The first known collision between two airbag-equipped automobiles took place on 12 March 1990 in Virginia, USA. A 1989 Chrysler LeBaron crossed the center line and hit another 1989 Chrysler LeBaron in a head-on collision, causing both driver airbags to deploy. The drivers suffered only minor injuries despite extensive damage to the vehicles. The United States Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 required passenger cars and light trucks built after 1 September 1998 to have airbags for the driver and the right front passenger. In the United States, NHTSA estimated

This is a document about List of automotive superlatives
 First four-wheel brakes – 1910 Isotta Fraschini ; First power brakes – 1919 Hispano-Suiza H6 (mechanically assisted and 4-wheel ) ; First hydraulic power brakes – 1921 Duesenberg Model A (4-wheel) ; First vacuum-assist power brakes – 1927 (for the 1928 model year) Pierce-Arrow ; First Inboard drum brakes – 1937 Lancia Aprilia ; First disc brakes – 1948 (for the 1949 model year) Chrysler Crown Imperial (4-wheel and standard) ; First inboard disc brakes – 1955 Citroën DS19 ; First diagonally split, dual brake circuits – 1962 Saab 95/96 ; First antilock braking system – 1966 Jensen FF (Dunlop Maxaret system, previously used in aviation) ; First electrical & electronic antilock braking system – 1969 (for the 1970 model year) Lincoln Continental Mark III (standard) ; First 4-wheel electrical & electronic antilock braking system – 1970 (for the 1971 model year) Imperial ; First asbestos-free brake pads – 1983 Saab Automobile ; First regenerative brakes – 1996 GM EV1 (leased, not sold) ; First electro-hydraulic brakes – 2001 Toyota Prius ; First electric parking brake – 2002 BMW E65/E66

This is a document about Automatic train stop
   The invention of the fail-safe railway air brake provided an external means for stopping a train via a physical object opening a valve on the brake line to the atmosphere. Eventually known as train stops or trip stops, the first mechanical ATS system was installed in France in 1878 with some railroads in Russia following suit using a similar system in 1880. In 1901 Union Switch and Signal Company developed the first North American automatic train stop system for the Boston Elevated Railway. This system was soon adopted by the New York City Subway and other rapid transit systems in the United States. Mechanical ATS was more popular on rapid transit systems and dedicated commuter rail than freight or long-distance passenger lines due to a combination of the increased complexity found in mainline railroad operations, the risk

This is a document about Rail transport in Victoria
  Rollingstock in Victoria has used air braking since tests of continuous train brakes were carried out in 1884. Initially, screw couplings were used to connect wagons, but from 1924, automatic knuckle couplers were introduced, with buffers removed from freight wagons by 1960.

This is a document about George Westinghouse
  all cars. It is a failsafe system, in that any rupture or disconnection in the train pipe will apply the brakes throughout the train. It was patented by Westinghouse on October 28, 1873. The Westinghouse Air Brake Company (WABCO) was subsequently organized to manufacture and sell Westinghouse's invention. It was in time nearly universally adopted by railways. Modern trains use brakes in various forms based on this design. The same conceptual design of fail-safe air brake is also found on heavy trucks. Westinghouse pursued many improvements in railway signals (which then used oil lamps). In 1881 he founded the Union Switch and Signal Company to manufacture his signaling and switching inventions.

This is a document about New York Air Brake
  industry with the introduction of the Gerlinger hydraulic lumber carrier; an engine, and a cab set high atop a lumber rack. The project faded quickly. Westinghouse and New York Air Brake began development of a replacement for the venerable "K Brake" in 1929. The Great Depression slowed, but did not stop, development of the new brake and, in April 1932, New York Air Brake began construction of a 200-car test track, the largest in the world. In 1934, the Association of American Railroads (AAR) voted to adopt the new composite AB brake. Despite the Depression, the company maintained employment for 300 workers, many on a part-time basis.

This is a document about 24 Hours of Le Mans
  With increased speeds around the track, brakes become a key issue for teams attempting to safely bring their cars down to a slow enough speed to make the Mulsanne Corner turn. Disc brakes were first seen in 1953 when the Jaguar C-Type raced at Le Mans. In 1955 the Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR introduced the air brake using a large opening hood on the rear of the car. Ford used a quick change brake rotor in 1966 to achieve their first victory at Le Mans. In the 1980s, anti-lock braking systems became standard on most Group C cars as a safety measure, making it less likely that cars lose control at high speeds. By the late 1990s, reinforced carbon-carbon brakes were adopted for better stopping power.

This is a document about Airbag
  Airbags for passenger cars were introduced in the United States in the 1970s, when seat-belt usage rates in the country were quite low compared to modern-day. Ford built experimental cars with airbags in 1971. Allstate operated a fleet of 200 Mercury Montereys and showed reliability of airbags as well as their operation in crash testing, which also was promoted by the insurance company in popular magazine advertisements. General Motors followed in 1973 using full-sized Chevrolet vehicles. The early fleet of experimental GM vehicles equipped with airbags experienced seven fatalities, one of which was later suspected to have been caused by the airbag. In 1974,

This is a document about New York Air Brake
  implemented, the pneumatic and electro-pneumatic braking equipment for modern, high-speed locomotives and passenger trains were engineered and produced at the Watertown facilities. A dramatic drop in sales following the end of World War I led New York Air Brake to seek new markets. In 1919, the company built and marketed a "Three-Point Truck;" an "enormous affair, the four wheels alone weighing nearly one ton. The machine had a 15 ft wheelbase, and an overall length of 19 ft.  It weighed about 8,100 pounds and had a carrying capacity of from three to six tons..." It was not a success. In 1925, new management announced another try at the

This is a document about Automotive safety
  In 1984, New York State passed the first U.S. law requiring seat belt use in passenger cars. Seat belt laws have since been adopted by 49 states (New Hampshire has not). NHTSA estimates the resulting increased seat belt use saves 10,000 per year in the United States. In 1986, the central 3rd brake light was mandated in North America with most of the world following with similar standards in automotive lighting. In 1989, companies in Israel implemented Advanced Brake Warning systems, where the driver would be alerted as to how hard the driver in front of them was pressing on their brakes. This has yet to be implemented into mainstream Europe or America. Airbags were first installed in production vehicles in the

This is a document about Air suspension
  that was still used on the 600 models until 1984. Air suspension was not included in standard production American-built cars between 1960 and 1983. In 1984, Ford Motor Company incorporated a new design as a feature on the Lincoln Continental Mark VII. In 1986, Toyota Soarer introduced the first electronically controlled (TEMS), a semi-active full air suspension (spring constant, variable attenuation force). Dunlop Systems Coventry UK were also pioneers of Electronically Controlled Air Suspension (ECAS) for off-road vehicles - the term ECAS was successfully trade marked. The system was first fitted to the 93MY Land Rover Range Rover. In 1989, Arnott

This is a document about History of General Motors
  of the Nova, and the Nova was replaced by the troubled front-wheel drive Chevrolet Citation. In 1976, Chevrolet came out with the rear-wheel drive sub compact Chevette. In 1974, GM was the first major automobile company to offer airbags as optional equipment in a non-experimental, unlimited vehicle capacity. Called the "Air Cushion Restraint System", the safety feature was optional on specific full-size Cadillac, Buick, and Oldsmobile vehicles. The occupant safety system proved an unpopular option and was discontinued after the 1976 model year not to return until the 1990s when federal mandates made the system a requirement. While GM maintained its world

This is a document about Mack Trucks
  ; 1920: Mack Trucks are the first with power brakes on their trucks. ; 1922: Mack introduces first truck with drive shaft instead of chain 1922 Model AB ; 1922: International Motors Company develops gasoline-driven passenger railcar for the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad. A standard passenger railcar on top of a standard motor truck chassis, seating between 36 and 50 passengers, at a cost of $16,500. The car operates in a ten-mile (16 km) stretch between New Haven, and Derby, Connecticut. ; 1927: Mack's BJ and BB models built. ; 1932: The Bulldog starts to travel on

This is a document about Westinghouse Brake and Signal Company
  The railway air brake was patented in the United States of America by George Westinghouse in 1869 (straight air brake) and 1872 (automatic air brake), establishing the Westinghouse Air Brake Company. Predecessors of the British company included Evans O'Donnell Limited and Saxby and Farmer. Saxby and Farmer was started by John Saxby and John Stinson Farmer in the mid-19th century as pioneers in the manufacture of railway signalling equipment. In 1875 Saxby and Farmer had developed a mechanical linked braking system, which connected vehicles to brake simultaneously. In 1920, Saxby, Farmer and Evans O'Donnell merged to form the Westinghouse Brake & Saxby Signal Company Ltd.

This is a document about George Westinghouse
   At about this time, he witnessed a train wreck where two engineers saw one another, but were unable to stop their trains in time using the existing brakes. Brakemen had to run from car to car, on catwalks atop the cars, applying the brakes manually on each car. In 1869, at age 22, Westinghouse invented a railroad braking system using compressed air. The Westinghouse system used a compressor on the locomotive, a reservoir and a special valve on each car, and a single pipe running the length of the train (with flexible connections) which both refilled the reservoirs and controlled the brakes, allowing the engineer to apply and release the brakes simultaneously

This is a document about Airbag
  steering wheel that contained the driver-side air bag. Two of these cars were crash tested after 20 years and the airbags deployed perfectly. An early example of the air-bag cars survives as of 2009. GM's Oldsmobile Toronado was the first domestic U.S. vehicle to include a passenger airbag. General Motors marketed its first airbag modules under the "Air Cushion Restraint System" name, or ACRS. The automaker discontinued the option for its 1977 model year, citing lack of consumer interest. Ford and GM then spent years lobbying against air-bag requirements, claiming that the devices were unfeasible and inappropriate. Chrysler made driver-side airbags standard on 1988–1989 models, but airbags did not become widespread in American cars until the early 1990s.

This is a document about Disc brake
   Development of disc-type brakes began in England in the 1890s. In 1902, the Lanchester Motor Company designed brakes that looked and operated in a similar way to a modern disc-brake system even though the disc was thin and a cable activated the brake pad. Other designs were not practical or widely available in cars for another 60 years. Successful application began in airplanes before World War II, and even the German Tiger tank was fitted with discs in 1942. After the war, technological progress began to arrive in 1949, with caliper-type four wheel disc brakes on the Crosley line, and a Chrysler non-caliper type. In the 1950s, there was a critical demonstration of superiority at the 1953 24 Hours of Le Mans race, which required braking from high speeds

This is a document about New York Air Brake
  In 1915, NYAB shifted focus of their current manufacturing of vacuum brakes to efforts toward the First World War. Sales grew from $4.7 million in 1915 to $24 million in 1916. By 1918, the company employed 7,000 who were involved in defense manufacturing, including the production of horse-drawn cannons. After World War I, it was decided that a new braking system needed to be developed to provide braking power for the ever growing freight train industry. Engineers at New York Air Brake contributed to the development of what came to be known as the "AB" brake. During the mid-1930s, at the same time the "AB" brake was being

This is a document about Compressed air
  France in 1861, where a 600 kPa (87 psi) compressed air plant provided power to pneumatic drills, increasing productivity greatly over previous manual drilling methods. Compressed air drills were applied at mines in the United States in the 1870s. George Westinghouse invented air brakes for trains starting in 1869; these brakes considerably improved the safety of rail operations. In the 19th century, Paris had a system of pipes installed for municipal distribution of compressed air to power machines and to operate generators for lighting. Early air compressors were steam-driven, but in certain locations a trompe could directly obtain compressed air from the force of falling water.

Air brakes were first used on trucks in 1902.


Question: who played fred in the scooby doo movie

Answer: Freddie Prinze Jr.

This is a document about Frank Welker
  Franklin Wendell Welker (born March 12, 1946) is an American actor who specializes in voice acting and has contributed character voices and other vocal effects to television and motion pictures. As of 2021, Welker holds over 860 film, television, and video game credits, making him one of the most prolific voice actors of all time. With a total worldwide box-office gross of $17.4 billion, he is also the third highest-grossing actor of all time. Welker is best known for voicing Fred Jones in the Scooby-Doo franchise since its inception in 1969, and Scooby-Doo himself since 2002. In 2020, Welker reprised the latter role in the CGI-animated film

This is a document about List of Scooby-Doo characters
  by Frank Welker, who has retained this role throughout every incarnation of each series where Fred is portrayed as a teenager from 1969 to 1983 and again since 1997. In A Pup Named Scooby-Doo, (where he is portrayed as a child) he was voiced by a former child actor Carl Steven. He was portrayed by Freddie Prinze Jr. in the 2002-2004 live-action films and by Robbie Amell in the Cartoon Network prequel films, Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins and Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster. Zac Efron voices Fred as an adult while Pierce Gagnon voices his younger self in the theatrical animated film Scoob!.

This is a document about Scooby-Doo (character)
  in the 1998-2001 direct-to-video films and continued to voice the character regularly for video games (such as Scooby-Doo! Night of 100 Frights), toys and some commercials until 2008. Neil Fanning provided the voice of the computer-generated Scooby-Doo in the 2002 live-action film and its 2004 sequel. Frank Welker (also the voice of Fred since 1969) has voiced Scooby since 2002, taking over beginning with What's New, Scooby-Doo? and other spin-offs including the live-action prequels Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins and Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster. Dave Coulier and Seth Green have both voiced the character in Robot Chicken. Voiced By: Portrayed By: Voiced by in unofficial material and other languages:

This is a document about Fred Jones (Scooby-Doo)
  Fred Jones is a fictional character in the American animated series Scooby-Doo, about a quartet of teenage mystery solvers and their Great Dane companion, Scooby-Doo. Fred has been primarily portrayed by voice actor Frank Welker since the character's inception in 1969.

This is a document about Big Top Scooby-Doo!
 Frank Welker - Scooby-Doo, Fred Jones ; Matthew Lillard - Shaggy Rogers ; Grey DeLisle - Daphne Blake ; Mindy Cohn - Velma Dinkley ; Craig Ferguson - Whitney Doubleday ; Jess Harnell - Human Scooby-Doo, Guard ; Jim Meskimen - Phil Flaxman, Detective ; Peter Stormare - Wulfric von Rydingsvard ; Maurice LaMarche - Archambault ; Greg Ellis - Marius Brancusi ; Jeff Dunham - Schmatko, Conductor ; Carlos Ferro - Oliverio, Sisko ; Hynden Walch - Lena, Joan ; Candi Milo - Jean

This is a document about Scooby-Doo! and the Goblin King
 Frank Welker - Scooby-Doo, Fred Jones ; Casey Kasem - Shaggy Rogers ; Mindy Cohn - Velma Dinkley ; Grey DeLisle - Daphne Blake, Cat Witch, Honeybee ; Wayne Knight - The Amazing Krudsky ; Jay Leno - Jack O'Lantern ; Wallace Shawn - Mr. Gibbles ; Tim Curry - The Goblin King, Werewolf Bar Owner ; Jim Belushi - Glob ; Larry Joe Campbell - Glum ; Hayden Panettiere - Fairy Princess Willow ; Lauren Bacall - The Grand Witch ; Thom Adcox-Hernandez - Sparkplug ; Russi Taylor - Owl Witch, Tiddlywink

This is a document about Be Cool, Scooby-Doo!
 Frank Welker – Scooby-Doo and Fred ; Matthew Lillard – Shaggy Rogers ; Grey DeLisle – Daphne Blake ; Kate Micucci – Velma Dinkley

This is a document about Frank Welker
  Welker began his career as a stand-up comedian and impressionist in the 1960s, before transitioning to on-screen acting and later voice acting. His first major voice role came in 1969 as Fred Jones in the Scooby-Doo franchise. Welker has voiced Fred in almost every series and incarnation of the Scooby-Doo animated franchise (with the exceptions of A Pup Named Scooby-Doo and Scoob!) and has also provided the voice of Scooby-Doo since 2002. As of 2021, Welker is the only original voice actor still in the  Scooby-Doo franchise. His next major character voice was for Wonder Dog (which was inspired by Scooby-Doo) and Marvin White on the 1973 series Super Friends (also

This is a document about Scooby-Doo! Adventures: The Mystery Map
 Frank Welker as Fred Jones, Scooby-Doo ; Stephanie D'Abruzzo as Velma Dinkley, Shirley Stukowski ; Grey DeLisle Griffin as Daphne Blake, Dr. Escobar ; Matthew Lillard as Shaggy Rogers ; John Rhys-Davies as Gnarlybeard ; Dee Bradley Baker as Ye Phantom Parrot, Stu Stukowski ; Jeff Bennett as Lighthouse Lou, Hot Dog Vendor

This is a document about Scooby-Doo on Zombie Island
  voiced Scooby-Doo, as Don Messick, the character's original voice actor, retired in 1996 and died in 1997; Zombie Island was dedicated to his memory. Heather North was set to reprise her role as Daphne, but after a day of recording, Mary Kay Bergman replaced her, while B.J. Ward, who played Velma in a Johnny Bravo crossover episode, reprised her role for this film. Frank Welker is the only actor from the original series to reprise his role, as Fred Jones. He had initially worried that the producers would replace him as well, given that the producers believed his voice had gone down

This is a document about Scooby-Doo! Abracadabra-Doo
 Frank Welker as Fred Jones and Scooby-Doo ; Matthew Lillard as Shaggy Rogers ; Grey DeLisle as Daphne Blake ; Mindy Cohn as Velma Dinkley ; Danica McKellar as Madelyn Dinkley ; James Patrick Stuart as Whirlen Merlin ; Brian Posehn as Marlon Whirlen ; Diane Delano as Alma Rumblebuns ; Jeffrey Tambor as Calvin Curdles ; Crystal Scales as Crystal ; John DiMaggio as Amos ; Dave Attell as G.P.S. ; Olivia Hack as Treena ; Dee Bradley Baker as Sherman ; Melique Berger as Maxwell's Mother ; John Stephenson as Sheriff

This is a document about Night of the Living Doo
 Frank Welker as Fred Jones and Jabberjaw ; B.J. Ward as Velma Dinkley ; Grey DeLisle as Daphne Blake ; Scott Innes as Scooby-Doo and Shaggy Rogers ; Mark Hamill as Himself/Mr. Shifty ; Gary Coleman as Himself ; David Cross as Himself ; Scotty Morris as Himself ; Kurt Sodergren as Himself ; Dirk Shumaker as Himself ; Andy Rowley as Himself ; Glen "The Kid" Marhevka as Himself ; Karl Hunter as Himself ; Joshua Levy as Himself

This is a document about Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated
 Frank Welker – Scooby-Doo, Fred Jones Jr. ; Mindy Cohn – Velma Dinkley ; Grey DeLisle – Daphne Blake ; Matthew Lillard – Norville "Shaggy" Rogers

This is a document about Scooby-Doo
  announced that Frank Welker will be reprising his voice role as Scooby, and that he will be joined by Will Forte and Gina Rodriguez voicing Shaggy and Velma, while Tracy Morgan will be voicing Captain Caveman, from the Hanna-Barbera series Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels and Deadline reported that Zac Efron and Amanda Seyfried will voice Fred and Daphne. In addition, Ken Jeong will be voicing Dynomutt, Dog Wonder from Hanna-Barbera series of the same name and Kiersey Clemons will voice Dee Dee Sykes, a character from Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels. Dick Dastardly, from Hanna-Barbera's Wacky Races, will be the film's main

This is a document about What's New, Scooby-Doo?
  For this incarnation of the franchise, Frank Welker, the voice of Fred, took over as the voice of Scooby (replacing both Don Messick, the original voice of Scooby who died in 1997, and Scott Innes, the second voice of the character in the made-for-video films released between 1998 and 2001). Casey Kasem returned as Shaggy, seven years after he had quit the role and making his comeback as the character in 2002 after the production team decided to make Shaggy a vegetarian. This would also be the final series Kasem voiced the character, continuing to voice Shaggy in direct-to-video Scooby-Doo films until retiring from the role in 2009 due to health problems; Grey DeLisle returned

This is a document about Straight Outta Nowhere: Scooby-Doo! Meets Courage the Cowardly Dog
 Frank Welker as Scooby-Doo, Fred Jones ; Grey Griffin as Daphne Blake, Frau Glockenspiel ; Matthew Lillard as Shaggy Rogers ; Kate Micucci as Velma Dinkley, Velma's Tablet ; Jeff Bennett as General, Self Help Book ; Jeff Bergman as Eustace, Computer, Mayor ; Marty Grabstein as Courage, Clown/Mr. McGill ; Chuck Montgomery as Lieutenant, Mr. Glockenspiel ; Paul Schoeffler as Katz, Le Quack, Nowhere Newsman (credited as Narrator) ; Thea White as Muriel, Rich Old Lady (final film role)

This is a document about Scoob!
  and a story by Lieberman, Eyal Podell, and Jonathon E. Stewart. It stars the voices of Frank Welker as the titular character (the only current television cast member to feature), as well as Will Forte, Gina Rodriguez, Zac Efron, and Amanda Seyfried as Shaggy, Velma, Fred and Daphne respectively, and also features the voices of Mark Wahlberg, Jason Isaacs, Kiersey Clemons, Ken Jeong, and Tracy Morgan as other Hanna-Barbera animated characters. Plans for a new Scooby-Doo theatrical film began in June 2014, when Warner Bros. announced that they would reboot the Scooby-Doo film series with an animated film. Cervone was hired to direct the film in August 2015, with Dax Shepard being brought to co-direct it in September

This is a document about A Pup Named Scooby-Doo
  the Disney and Bill Melendez animation studios, took over as director. A Pup Named Scooby-Doo is the final television series in the franchise in which Don Messick portrayed Scooby-Doo before his death in 1997 and one of the few in the franchise in which someone other than Frank Welker voiced the character of Fred Jones (child actor Carl Steven took on the role for this series; Welker voiced other bit roles in the series, including Fred's uncle Ed). Messick and Casey Kasem, the latter of whom voiced Shaggy Rogers, were the only two voice actors from other Scooby-Doo series to reprise their roles and both received starring credits for their work.

This is a document about Scooby-Doo! Haunted Holidays
 Frank Welker as Scooby-Doo, Fred Jones ; Matthew Lillard as Shaggy Rogers ; Mindy Cohn as Velma Dinkley ; Grey DeLisle as Daphne Blake ; Carlos Alazraqui as Havros Menkle, Janitor ; Crispin Freeman as Fabian Menkle ; Fred Tatasciore as Santa Claus actor, real Santa Claus, Sinister Snowman

This is a document about Scooby-Doo in film
  Scooby-Doo was released on June 14, 2002. Directed by Raja Gosnell, the film starred Freddie Prinze Jr., as Fred, Sarah Michelle Gellar as Daphne, Matthew Lillard as Shaggy, and Linda Cardellini as Velma. Scooby-Doo was created on-screen by computer-generated special effects and his voice was provided by Neil Fanning. The plot shows the Mystery, Inc. coming back together after two years of separation, to investigate an amusement park called Spooky Island, where they deal with real demons. The film was a financially successful release, with a domestic box office gross of over $130 million. However, the film was not well reviewed, but was a great hit with young audiences and fans of the show.

Frank Welker has voiced Fred Jones in the Scooby-Doo franchise since 2002. In the 2002 live-action film, he also voiced the character.


Question: when did social grant started in south africa

Answer: April 2005

This is a document about Social welfare programs in South Africa
  South Africa has one of the most extensive social welfare systems among developing countries in the world. In South Africa today, 12.4 million people receive some form of social grant provided by the government. Social welfare programs have a long history in South Africa. The earliest form of social welfare program in South Africa is the poor relief distributed by the Dutch East India Company and the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) in 1657. The institutionalized social welfare system was established after the British occupied the Cape Colony in 1806. However, the social welfare system focused mainly on poor whites and excluded blacks. Under apartheid,

This is a document about Social welfare programs in South Africa
  The pre-apartheid social programs in South Africa was mainly concerned with white poverty. The earliest social welfare programs in South Africa was the poor relief distributed by the Dutch East India Company and the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) in 1657. The poor relief aimed at helping white farmers (Boers) whose crops failed and excluded Black farmers from the relief. The institutionalized social welfare system was established after the British occupied the Cape Colony in 1806. The welfare resources for children and the disabled were created. The organized occupational insurance after retirement was established in the 1920s. However, the occupational insurance after retirement included mostly

This is a document about Social welfare programs in South Africa
  social welfare services for Africans, Indians and Coloreds were separated from that for whites. The allocation of social welfare resources favored whites. The post-apartheid government launched the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) in 1994 and published the White Paper for Social Welfare in 1995 to establish the framework of social welfare system in post-apartheid South Africa. They were aimed to address racial disparity in the delivery of social welfare services. Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) was launched in 1996 in response to the 1996 currency crisis. GEAR reduces government's spending, leading to the shrinkage of social grants. Social welfare programs in South Africa include

This is a document about Black Consciousness Movement
  The Trust Fund was officially established in 1975 by Steve Biko on order to fund these projects. The capital for many of these projects came from fundraising done by Father Aelred Stubbs through churches in Europe.The first funding opportunity was to assist newly released political prisoners and the start up costs income gathering families. This assisted in economically restabilising the families of those with "political" criminal records as many communities branded these activists as trouble makers, making it difficult for them to secure employment. The Trust fund also supported families through bursaries and scholarships for activists children as activists struggled

This is a document about The Duke of Edinburgh's Award
  In South Africa, the Award is referred to as the President's Award for Youth Empowerment. The Award was first established in 1983 under the name The Gold Shield Award, but in 1992, in anticipation of Nelson Mandela becoming the first president of a democratic South Africa, the name was changed to The President's Award for Youth Empowerment. In its 33-year history of youth engagement in South Africa, the Award Programme has reached over 150,000 young people in the country. The President's Award has a full licence to operate the Award in South Africa, from the Duke of Edinburgh's International Award Foundation, which oversees Award Programmes in over 140

This is a document about Biometrics use by the South African government
  South Africa's Social Assistance Program is the government's largest poverty alleviation intervention. It has a budget allocation of approximately R100 billion, and provides social grants to 15,8 million beneficiaries to reduce their levels of deprivation and enable them to participate in the economy. In her budget vote speech on 2 May 2012, the Minister of Social Development, Bathabile Dlamini, conceded that the South African Social Security Agency ("SASSA") has incomplete information on beneficiary details, and that the social grant system is prone to fraud and misappropriation of funds. In a country where social assistance touches such a high proportion of citizens and incorporates

This is a document about Social welfare programs in South Africa
  The old-age pension accounts for the highest amount of government expenditure among all social assistance programs in South Africa. The old-age pension was established in South Africa as early as the 1920s. However, the old-age pension system had reflected strong racial inequality until the 1990s. For example, in the early 1980s, whites received benefits 10 times the benefits received by blacks. From 1989 to 1993, the government took efforts to reform the old-age pension to expand it to the entire population and eliminate racial inequality in the pension program. The benefits blacks received increased from R1555 a year in 1980 to R3081 a year in 1993. The pension program has not undergone large reforms since 1993 but the government adjusts the monetary value in accordance to inflation rates. In 2010, women aged 60 and above and men aged 61 above could receive R21000 per year.

This is a document about Jan H. Hofmeyr School of Social Work
  The Jan H. Hofmeyr School of Social Work started operating on January 15, 1941 in Eloff Street, Johannesburg, under directorship of Congregational minister Rev. Ray Phillips. It was opened in 1941 by Ray Phillips and supported by among others, Job Richard Rathebe (trained as a social worker in the USA and member of the South African Institute of Race Relations) and A.B. Xuma (President of the ANC in 1940). The School was funded with help from the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) and the Afrikaner philanthropist Hofmeyr. Hofmeyr was Minister of Finance and of Education under Jan Smuts in 1939, and also president of cd municipal building that also housed the Johannesburg City Council's Jubilee Social Centre. From 1949 the school functioned independently from the YMCA (Cobley 1997:148-49). After the National Party gained power in 1948, the apartheid state stopped subsidizing private education, and the Jan Hofmeyr School was forced to close in 1960 (Gray and Mazibuko 2002:198).

This is a document about South African Institute of Race Relations
  The institute was founded in 1929. The inaugural meeting was held on 9 May 1929 in the Johannesburg home of the missionary Reverend Ray E. Phillips. In attendance were Davidson Don Tengo Jabavu, one of the first professors at the University of Fort Hare; Johannes du Plessis, a missionary and theologian; Charles Templeman Loram, chief inspector of Native education in Natal Province; Edgar Brookes, J. Howard Pim, a government official; Thomas W. Mackenzie, editor of The Friend, a newspaper and J. H. Nicholson, Mayor of Durban. The IRR has run a bursary scheme since 1935. Nelson Mandela was awarded a

This is a document about Department of Social Development (South Africa)
  The South African Social Security Agency (SASSA) is a national agency of the government created in April 2005 in order to distribute social grants on behalf of the Department of Social Development. The DSD has an oversight role over the Agency but no operational control over it. It was also designed to reallocate the function of social security from South Africa's provinces to the national sphere of government and reports to the Department of Social Development (DSD). Its current chief executive officer is Abraham Mahlungu. SASSA is a public entity in terms of Schedule 3A of the Public Finance Management Act. The key functions of the parastatal are related to the administration and payment of social grants: the processing of applications, verification and approval of applications, disbursement and payment of grants to eligible beneficiaries, quality assurance, and fraud prevention and detection. South Africa's social welfare recipients have grown from 3.8 million in April 2001 to 11 million in March 2006, and 17 million in 2017. Millions of South Africans received the temporary Special COVID-19 Social Relief of Distress grant from May 2020 up until April 2021.

This is a document about Taxation in South Africa
 normal tax ; donations tax ; secondary tax on companies ; withholding tax Income tax in South Africa was first introduced in 1914 with the introduction of the Income Tax Act No 28, an act that had its origins in the New South Wales Act of 1895. The act has gone through numerous amendments with the act presently in force is the Income Tax Act No 58 of 1962 which contains provisions for four different types of income tax. These four types of tax are:

This is a document about Economy of South Africa
  Social assistance grants are non-contributory, income-tested benefits provided by the state to the poor, and are financed out of general tax revenues without any links between contributions and benefits. They are provided in the form of: grants for older persons; disability grants; war veterans grants; care dependency grants; foster child grants; child support grants; grant-in-aid; social relief of distress. The state old age pension, received by over 80% of the elderly, is a non-contributory pension and pays more than twice median per capita Black income, thus representing an important source of income for a third of all Black households in the country. It pays a maximum of R1,780 (as of July 2019) to people who reach pension age without access to private pensions. The child support grant provides R420 per month, per child (as of July 2019) for every child in the household younger than 18, and benefited 9.1 million children by April 2009. The war veterans grant is provided to former soldiers who fought in the Second World War or the Korean War, and pays a maximum amount of R1,800 per month (as of July 2019).

This is a document about Taxation in South Africa
   During 1914, General Jan Smuts, in his capacity as Minister of Finance, tabled legislation in the Parliament of the Union of South Africa, introducing income tax in the country, with the Income Tax Act of 1914. Taxpayers in the Union of South Africa became liable to pay income tax, with effect from 20 July 1914. In 2014, 20 years since South Africa became a full democracy, the University of Cape Town marked that milestone, of the introduction of income tax in South Africa, with the "INCOME TAX IN SOUTH AFRICA: THE FIRST 100 YEARS 1914 – 2014" conference and later, a publication of papers presented.

This is a document about Inkatha Freedom Party
  special forces starting in the 1980s as part of Operation Marion. Inkatha members were involved in several massacres in the run-up to South Africa's first democratic elections, including the Trust Feed massacre on 3 December 1988, and the Boipatong massacre on 17 June 1992. In November 1993, the IFP signed a solidarity pact with the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging, with the AWB providing the IFP with military training and agreeing that "Boer and Zulu would fight together for freedom and land should they be confronted by a common enemy". During the phase of establishing a constitution for South Africa and prior to the

This is a document about 1934 in South Africa
 February ; 1 – South African Airways is inaugurated and takes over the passenger and goods air services from Union Airways. June ; The National Party (South Africa) and South African Party unite to form the United Party (South Africa). July ; 9 – The Hitler Youth movement is prohibited in South West Africa. December ; 3 – The Status of the Union Act and the Royal Executive Functions and Seals Act come into operation : i.a. they make Parliament the sovereign legislative power in the Union; adopt parts of the Statute of Westminster;  vest the executive government in the king, acting on the advice of the South African ministers only;  and institute the Royal Great Seal of the Union and the Royal Signet of the Union. Unknown date ; The Slums Act is passed, giving municipalities and the government the authority to acquire slum properties.

This is a document about Social welfare programs in South Africa
  The Child Support Grant was introduced in 1998. CSG is a cash assistance to poor children under the age of 6 and expanded to children under the age of 14 in 2005. CSG paid the guardians of the eligible children R300 per month per child in 2014 (17.24 Euro). According to the National Treasury of South Africa, "the CSG is now one of the largest social assistance programmes in post-apartheid South Africa reaching 11.2 million children in 2012–13, i.e., approximately 59 per cent of children." The government expenditure on CSG accounts for 3.4 percent of GDP in 2014. The government did not add any conditions upon the reception of CSG initially. However, since 2010, the children have to attend school to be eligible to receive CSG. Studies have revealed that the recipients of CSG showed better nutrition status and better school enrollment rates compared to children who are equally poor.

This is a document about Nelson Mandela Foundation
  The vision of Nelson Mandela Foundation is to contribute to building a society that remembers its past, listens to all voices, and pursues social justice for all. he was born on the 18th of July 1918, in a village called Mvezo in the Transkei area of southern Africa. He established the Truth and Commission, providing a safe place to investigate post-human abuses, avoiding civil wars, and bloodshed. he established measures to combat poverty and expand health care services. he stated that what counts in life is not the mere fact that we have lived. it is what difference we have made to the lives of others that will determine the significance of the life we lead. He aided the South African Reserve Bank in slashing inflation by more than 7% in 5 years he used sports to bring the racially divided country together. He helped to lead the ANC (African National Congress) in the 1952 campaign for the defense of Unjust laws. He prompted the manifesto known as the Freedom Charter

This is a document about 1961 in South Africa
  Sizwe, the armed wing of the African National Congress, is established. December ; 16 – Umkhonto we Sizwe commences its sabotage campaign with a bomb attack on the Durban office of the Department of Bantu Administration and Development. Unknown date ; Eendrag Men's Residence opens its doors to students of Stellenbosch University. ; Mimi Coertse is awarded the Medal of Honour of Die Suid-Afrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns. ; The Department of Indian Affairs is established. ; South Korea establishes diplomatic relations with South Africa. Diplomatic relations would last until 1978, when South Korea withdrew its recognition in protest of apartheid. They would not be restored thereafter until December 1992.    Lucas Cornelius Steyn becomes Officer Administering the Government under his dormant commission as a result.

This is a document about 1954 in South Africa
 January ; Mimi Coertse starts tutorship under Maria Hittorff and Josef Witt. April ; 17 – The Federation of South African Women is launched in Johannesburg. ; 23 – The Afrikaans-German Culture Union (Afrikaanse-Deutsche Kultuurgemeinschaft - ADK) is founded in Pretoria. June ; 23 – The Trust Bank of South Africa is founded by Jan S. Marais. September ; 14 – Sasolburg is established near the Sasol plant in the northern Orange Free State. October ; 10 – The much-travelled statue of Paul Kruger is unveiled in Church Square, Pretoria by Dr. D.F. Malan. ; 11 – Daniel François Malan announces his retirement. November ; 30 – Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom becomes the 6th Prime Minister of South Africa. December ; 16–19 – The 43rd Annual Conference of the African National Congress is held in Durban. Unknown date ; George Bizos is admitted as a lawyer to the South African Bar.

This is a document about Department of Social Development (South Africa)
  The Department of Social Development (DSD) of South Africa is a government department responsible for providing social development, protection, and welfare services to the public. Previously called the Department of Welfare, it was renamed in July 2000. The current Minister of Social Development is Lindiwe Zulu. The first Department was established in 1937, to regulate and subsidise existing private, non-governmental welfare services, while providing some additional services. The 1997 White Paper for Social Welfare noted that post-Apartheid South Africa had inherited social welfare programmes which were “not considered to be critical social investment priorities and were under-resourced”. The Department "endeavours to create a better life for the poor, vulnerable and excluded people in society". It is tasked with reducing poverty, promoting social integration, and creating conditions for sustainable livelihoods. Lorna also works there. The Department also conducts research that develops the social indicators necessary for programme implementation and public accountability.

The first social grant in South Africa was distributed in 1926 by the Dutch Reformed Church and the Dutch East India Company. However, the institutionalized social welfare system was established after the British occupied the Cape Colony in 1806. The first social grant specifically for the poor was distributed in 1926.


Question: when does the remake of dirty dancing come out

Answer: May 24 , 2017

This is a document about Dirty Dancing (2017 film)
  Dirty Dancing is a 2017 American television film directed by Wayne Blair and written by Jessica Sharzer. It is a remake of the 1987 film of the same name. The film stars Abigail Breslin, Colt Prattes, Debra Messing, Bruce Greenwood, Sarah Hyland, Nicole Scherzinger and Tony Roberts. It aired on May 24, 2017, on ABC. In its original broadcast, the film was seen by 6.61 million viewers with a 1.4 Nielsen rating in the 18-49 age demographic and a 5 share. It received negative reviews from a majority of critics, although Scherzinger's performance received praise.

This is a document about Adam Anders
  deluxe edition album, Unbreakable Smile. The song was co-written by several songwriters signed to the Anders-owned publishing company of the same brand, Deep Well Music Publishing. Film and Television Production In 2016, Anders executive produced and arranged music for The Passion on FOX, which aired on Palm Sunday, March 20, 2016. In 2017, Anders produced ABC's anticipated remake of Dirty Dancing starring Abigail Breslin, in addition to executive producing its soundtrack. Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie Anders worked as the Executive Song Producer and Soundtrack album Producer for DreamWorks' Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie based on the series of children's novels

This is a document about Dirty Dancing
  In August 2011, Lionsgate, which owns the film rights, announced their plan to remake the film. It was confirmed that the studio had hired the film's choreographer, Kenny Ortega, to direct. "We believe that the timing couldn't be better to modernize this story on the big screen, and we are proud to have Kenny Ortega at the helm", Joe Drake, president of Lionsgate's Motion Picture Group, explained about the project. A miniseries version of Dirty Dancing had been scheduled to be shot in Western North Carolina. , the miniseries has been put on hold. In December 2015, ABC ordered a three-hour musical remake of Dirty Dancing, starring Abigail Breslin, Colt Prattes, Debra Messing, Sarah Hyland, Nicole Scherzinger, Billy Dee Williams & Shane Harper. It aired on May 24, 2017. It received negative reviews from a majority of critics.

This is a document about Luis Salgado
  McDonald's Latinos Are One – LR1 single Maña y Corazón. In 2017 Salgado directed and choreographed the U.S. premiere of In the Heights at GALA Hispanic Theatre in Washington, D.C (Helen Hayes, Best Direction and Best Choreography). In the same year he co-choreographed the (ABC) remake of Dirty Dancing starring Abigail Breslin. In 2018 Salgado directed and choreographed Ragtime at the Axelrod Performing Arts Center in Deal New Jersey. Salgado returns from Germany to direct and choreograph a new bilingual version of Fame - The Musical it opened at Gala Hispanic Theatre on May 9, 2019. In June, the same year he directs the musical Aida by Elton John and

This is a document about Dirty Dancing
  put the film in development hell. The production company was changed to Vestron Pictures with Emile Ardolino as director and Linda Gottlieb as producer. Filming took place in Lake Lure, North Carolina, and Mountain Lake, Virginia, with the film's score composed by John Morris and dance choreography by Kenny Ortega. Dirty Dancing premiered at the 1987 Cannes Film Festival on May 12, 1987, and was released on August 21, 1987, in the United States, earning over $214 million worldwide, and was the first film to sell more than a million copies for home video. It earned positive reviews from critics, who

This is a document about Tobias Iaconis
  a cautious romance with an intriguing, creative girl, Marley. As strange events begin to unfold around him, Kyle comes to realize that his life with Marley might not be all that it seems. In July 2020, it was announced that Daughtry and Iaconis are writing the screenplay for what might be another installment in the Dirty Dancing film franchise, for Lionsgate Films. Jonahan Levine and Gillian Bohrer are producing; Jennifer Grey, who played the teenager Baby in the original movie, is executive producing. The movie is said to be set in the 1990s. In August, it was confirmed that the movie is indeed a sequel to Dirty Dancing, with Jennifer Grey starring and Jonathan Levine directing.

This is a document about List of teen films
 A Cinderella Story film series (2004–2021) ; Camp Rock (2008) and Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam (2010) ; Center Stage (2000), Center Stage: Turn It Up (2008) and Center Stage: On Pointe (2016) ; Descendants (2015), Descendants 2 (2017) and Descendants 3 (2019) ; Dirty Dancing (1987), Dirty Dancing: Havana Nights (2004) and Dirty Dancing (2017) ; Fame (1980) and Fame (2009) ; Footloose (1984) and Footloose (2011) ; Grease (1978) and Grease 2 (1982) ; Hairspray (1988) and Hairspray (2007) ; High School Musical (2006), High School Musical 2 (2007) and High School Musical 3: Senior Year (2008) ; Pitch Perfect (2012), Pitch Perfect 2 (2015) and Pitch Perfect 3 (2017) ; Teen Beach Movie (2013) and Teen Beach 2 (2015) ; Zombies (2018) and Zombies 2 (2020) ; West Side Story (1961) and West Side Story (2021) ; Valley Girl (1983) and Valley Girl (2020)

This is a document about Dirty Dancing (2017 film)
  In January 2011, Lionsgate announced that Kenny Ortega, the choreographer of the 1987 film Dirty Dancing, would direct its remake; however, the project was shelved the following year. In December 2015, ABC and Lionsgate Television announced a three-hour remake of the movie which will not be live and would be in the same vein as The Rocky Horror Picture Show: Let's Do the Time Warp Again, a remake of the 1975 film of the same name. The remake was directed by Wayne Blair and the screenplay was written by Jessica Sharzer. Allison Shearmur was attached to the project as executive producer.

This is a document about Lena Dunham
  Once Upon a Time in Hollywood, directed by Quentin Tarantino, which released on July 26, 2019. Dunham portrayed the role of Catherine "Gypsy" Share. In October 2018, coinciding with the expiration of their joint HBO contract, Dunham and Konner split as producing partners, dissolved their production company. In August 2019, Dunham launched a new production company Good Thing Going which has a first look deal with HBO. In response to the 2020 coronavirus pandemic, in March 2020 Dunham announced she would write a serialized novel, Verified Strangers as a response to social isolation. She added that the act was a response to

This is a document about Miss Bala (2011 film)
  In 2017, it was announced Catherine Hardwicke would direct a remake of the film, from a screenplay by Gareth Dunnet-Alcocer, starring Gina Rodriguez, Ismael Cruz Córdova, and Anthony Mackie. It was released on 1 February 2019, by Columbia Pictures.

This is a document about Nicole Scherzinger
  a 3-year break from The X Factor UK, Scherzinger returned as a judge for the thirteenth and fourteenth series, replacing Rita Ora. She voiced Sina in the animated feature Moana, which was released in November 2016 through Walt Disney Pictures. Scherzinger starred as Penny in ABC's television film Dirty Dancing, a remake of the 1987 film of the same name. It premiered on May 24, 2017. Although the movie received negative reviews from critics, Scherzinger's performance received praise. In September 2017, she launched her debut fragrance, Chosen by Nicole Scherzinger. In 2018, Scherzinger had a voice cameo in Ralph Breaks the Internet.

This is a document about Death Wish (1974 film)
  In March 2016, Paramount and MGM announced that Aharon Keshales and Navot Papushado would direct a remake starring Bruce Willis. In May, Keshales and Papushado quit the project, after the studio failed to allow their script rewrites. In June, Eli Roth signed on to direct. The film was released on March 2, 2018.

This is a document about Indican Pictures
 The Boondock Saints (1999) ; The Brown Bunny (2003) ; The Grace of Jake (2015) ; Just One More Kiss (2019) ; Perfect Skin (2018) ; A Very British Christmas (2019) ; Sex and the Future (2020) ; Come Together (2008) ; The Lurker (2019) ; Shed of the Dead (2019) ; Who's Jenna...? (2018) ; American Terrorist (2020) ; Hollywould (2019) ; Terkel in Trouble (2004) ; Painless (2017) ; Blood Widow (2020) ; Intuitions (2019) ; Pure (2002) ; Lime Salted Love (2006) ; Six Hot Chicks in a Warehouse (2017) ; 100 Acres of Hell (2019) ; Jet Trash (2016) ; Sable (2017) ;

This is a document about Nitti Gritti
 It's Nit! (2016) ; Get Down (2016) ; Put A Little Grit In It (2016) ; Dirty dancing (2017) ; Let Me Go (2017) ; Badlands w/ Kompany (2017) ; Buti w/ Nonsens (2017) ; Waxin’ (2017) ; Gin & Juice w/ Adair (2017) ; Snappin’ & Trappin’ w/ Part Native (2017) ; Milky w/ Holly (2017) ; Limbo w/ Adair (2017) ; Famous w/ Jupe (2017) ; Sick (2017) ; Too Much (2017) ; Eskeddit w/ Chavalo (2017) ; Crack (2018) ; Bailando w/ Vlien Boy (2018) ; In This (2018) ; Hush Money (2018) ; Forbidden Kingdom Anthem (2018) ; Apocalypse w/ Yookie (2019) ; Ballin w/ Hoodlit featuring Guapdad4000 (2019) ;

This is a document about Dirty Dancing
  praised the performances of Grey and Swayze, and its soundtrack, created by Jimmy Ienner, generated two multi-platinum albums and multiple singles. "(I've Had) The Time of My Life", performed by Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes, won the Academy Award for Best Original Song, the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, and the Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals. The film's popularity led to a 2004 prequel, Dirty Dancing: Havana Nights, and a stage version which has had sellout performances in Australia, Europe, and North America. A made-for-TV remake was also released in 2017.

This is a document about Kenny Ortega
  rehearsal footage recorded at the Los Angeles Forum and the Staples Center. The film was released on October 28 of the same year. He was set to direct the 2011 Footloose remake, but dropped out in October 2009 due to differences with Paramount over the budget and tone of the film. Ortega was also hired to direct a film adaptation of the Broadway musical In the Heights for Universal, but the studio dropped the project in 2011 due to budgetary and casting issues. On August 9, 2011, it was announced that Ortega would direct a remake of Dirty Dancing, a project that was later postponed. The 2017 TV remake was filmed without

This is a document about Greyson Chance
  which featured Chance. On December 23, 2016, Chance released a song called "London". On May 6, 2017, Chance is also featured on Fabian Mazur's song called "Earn It". On May 12, 2017, Chance's cover of "Hungry Eyes" was released as part of the soundtrack album for the television film remake of Dirty Dancing. On June 30, 2017, Chance released a song called "Seasons". On December 8, 2017, Chance released his single "Low," and on May 4, 2018, he released his single "Lighthouse", collaborating with Danish-American DJ & music producer Fabian Mazur. Another single was released on June 8, 2018, called "Good As Gold".

This is a document about A Star Is Born (1954 film)
  A Star Is Born, itself a remake, was again remade in 1976 with Barbra Streisand and Kris Kristofferson. The film was remade in Bollywood as Aashiqui 2 in 2013. The original film is in the public domain. The latest remake of A Star Is Born stars Bradley Cooper and Lady Gaga, who also created new music for the project. Filming began April 17, 2017, and the film was released on October 5, 2018. All four of the official A Star is Born movies have been nominated for at least four Academy Awards.

This is a document about The Rhythm Section
  The film was originally scheduled to be released on February 22, 2019, but was pushed back to November 22, 2019 following Lively's on-set injury, and later again to its ultimate release date, January 31, 2020.

This is a document about Cardi B
  BET Awards, where she received the most nominations with seven, and won Album of the Year. During the summer of 2019, she embarked on an arena tour. In September, she led the BET Hip Hop Awards nominations with ten. Cardi B made her film debut in Hustlers directed by Lorene Scafaria, opposite Jennifer Lopez, Constance Wu, and Lili Reinhart. The film was released on September 13, 2019. Cardi B, along with Chance the Rapper and T.I., were confirmed as judges for the Netflix series Rhythm + Flow, a ten-part hip-hop talent search that premiered on October 9, 2019, which she

The remake of "Dirty Dancing" aired on ABC on May 24, 2017.