Question: who is noted for advocating separation of church and state

Answer: Thomas Jefferson

This is a document about American Civil Liberties Union
   Legal battles concerning the separation of church and state originated in laws dating to 1938 which required religious instruction in school, or provided state funding for religious schools. The Catholic church was a leading proponent of such laws; and the primary opponents (the "separationists") were the ACLU, Americans United for Separation of Church and State, and the American Jewish Congress. The ACLU led the challenge in the 1947 Everson v. Board of Education case, in which Justice Hugo Black wrote "[t]he First Amendment has erected a wall between church and state.... That wall must be kept high and impregnable." It was

This is a document about Freedom of religion in the United States
   In the United States, freedom of religion is a constitutionally protected right provided in the religion clauses of the First Amendment. Freedom of religion is closely associated with separation of church and state, a concept advocated by Colonial founders such as Dr. John Clarke, Roger Williams, William Penn, and later Founding Fathers such as James Madison and  Thomas Jefferson. The way freedom of religion is interpreted has changed over time in the United States and continues to be controversial. The issue was a major topic of George Washington's Farewell Address. Several American states had their own official state churches both before and after the First Amendment was passed. Illegal religion was a major cause

This is a document about Constitutional law of the United States
  In the United States, freedom of religion is a constitutionally protected right provided in the religion clauses of the First Amendment. Freedom of religion is also closely associated with separation of church and state, a concept advocated by Colonial founders such as Dr. John Clarke, Roger Williams, William Penn and later Founding Fathers such as  James Madison and Thomas Jefferson. The long-term trend has been towards increasing secularization of the government. The remaining state churches were disestablished in 1820 and teacher-led public school prayer was abolished in 1962, but the military chaplaincy remains to the present day. Notable cases include Tennessee v. Scopes, Engel v. Vitale, Abington School District v. Schempp, Georgetown College v. Jones, Lemon v. Kurtzman, Goldman v. Weinberger, County of Allegheny v. ACLU, and Rosenberger v. University of Virginia.

This is a document about Separation of church and state
  The separation of church and state is a philosophic and jurisprudential concept for defining political distance in the relationship between religious organizations and the state. Conceptually, the term refers to the creation of a secular state (with or without legally explicit church–state separation) and to disestablishment, the changing of an existing, formal relationship between the church and the state. Although the concept is older, the exact phrase "separation of church and state" is derived from "wall of separation between church and state", a term coined by Thomas Jefferson. The concept was promoted by Enlightenment philosophers such as John Locke. In a society, the degree of political separation between the church and the civil state is determined by the legal structures and prevalent legal views that define the proper relationship between organized religion and the state. The arm's

This is a document about Freedom of religion in the United States
  Thomas Jefferson wrote that the First Amendment erected a "wall of separation between church and state" likely borrowing the language from Roger Williams, founder of the First Baptist Church in America and the Colony of Rhode Island, who used the phrase in his 1644 book, The Bloody Tenent of Persecution. James Madison, often regarded as the "Father of the Bill of Rights", also often wrote of the "perfect separation", "line of separation", "strongly guarded as is the separation between religion and government in the Constitution of the United States", and "total separation of the church from the state". Madison explicitly credited Martin Luther as the theorist who "led the way" in providing the proper distinction between

This is a document about Separation of church and state in the United States
  1878 Mormon polygamy case Reynolds v. U.S., in which the court cited Jefferson and Madison, seeking a legal definition for the word religion. Writing for the majority, Justice Stephen Johnson Field cited Jefferson's "Letter to the Danbury Baptists" to state that "Congress was deprived of all legislative power over mere opinion, but was left free to reach actions which were in violation of social duties or subversive of good order." Considering this, the court ruled that outlawing polygamy was constitutional. Madison noted that Martin Luther's doctrine of the two kingdoms marked the beginning of the modern conception of separation of church and state.

This is a document about Baptists in the history of separation of church and state
  Thomas Jefferson's response, dated January 1, 1802, concurs with the Danbury Baptists' views on religious liberty, and the accompanying separation of civil government from concerns of religious doctrine and practice. This doctrine, known as the "wall of separation" or "strict separationism," would later become highly influential in 20th century Supreme Court understandings of the relationship between church and state. The phrase "separation of church and state" does not appear in the United States Constitution, despite its wide use and origin from a founding father. The relevance of this reply is a subject of heated debate, with scholars such as Robert Boston emphasizing its importance, and others such as Mark David Hall arguing that the letter was a historical outlier.

This is a document about Separation of church and state
  A result of such reasoning was Supreme Court support for government payments to faith-based community projects. Justice Scalia has criticized the metaphor as a bulldozer removing religion from American public life. The phrase "separation of church and state" is derived from a letter written by President Thomas Jefferson in 1802 to Baptists from Danbury, Connecticut, and published in a Massachusetts newspaper soon thereafter. In that letter, referencing the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, Jefferson writes: "Believing with you that religion is a matter which lies solely between Man & his God, that he owes account to none other

This is a document about Separation of church and state
  period of the 17th century, Pierre Bayle and some fideists were forerunners of the separation of Church and State, maintaining that faith was independent of reason. During the 18th century, the ideas of Locke and Bayle, in particular the separation of Church and State, became more common, promoted by the philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment. Montesquieu already wrote in 1721 about religious tolerance and a degree of separation between religion and government. Voltaire defended some level of separation but ultimately subordinated the Church to the needs of the State while Denis Diderot, for instance, was a partisan of a strict separation of Church and State, saying "the distance between the throne and the altar can never be too great".

This is a document about Age of Enlightenment
  The "Radical Enlightenment" promoted the concept of separating church and state, an idea that is often credited to English philosopher John Locke (1632–1704). According to his principle of the social contract, Locke said that the government lacked authority in the realm of individual conscience, as this was something rational people could not cede to the government for it or others to control. For Locke, this created a natural right in the liberty of conscience, which he said must therefore remain protected from any government authority. These views on religious tolerance and the importance of individual conscience, along with the social contract, became particularly influential in the American colonies and the drafting of the United States Constitution. Thomas Jefferson called for a "wall of separation between church and state" at the federal level. He previously had supported successful efforts to disestablish the Church of England in Virginia and authored the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom. Jefferson's political ideals were greatly influenced by the writings of John Locke, Francis Bacon, and Isaac Newton, whom he considered the three greatest men that ever lived.

This is a document about Separation of church and state in the United States
  unlikely partners. New Light evangelicals such as Isaac Bachus and John Leland joined forces with Deists and skeptics such as James Madison and Thomas Jefferson to fight for a complete separation of church and state." James Madison was influenced by the struggle of Baptists in Virginia before the Revolution, where young men were jailed for preaching without a license from the Anglican Church. As a young lawyer, Madison defended such men in court. Both Madison and Jefferson incorporated religious freedom into the state constitution of Virginia. Judge Charles C. Haynes wrote an OpEd in 2013 in The Washington Post, saying:

This is a document about History of religion in the United States
  Since the late 19th century, some right-wing Christians have argued that the United States of America is essentially Christian in origin. They preach American exceptionalism, oppose liberal scholars, and emphasize the Christian identity of many Founding Fathers. Critics argue that many of these Christian founders actually supported the separation of church and state and would not support the notion that they were trying to found a Christian nation. In Church of the Holy Trinity v. United States, a Supreme Court decision in 1892, Justice David Josiah Brewer wrote that America was "a Christian nation". He later wrote and lectured widely on the topic, stressing that "Christian nation" was an informal designation and not a legal standard: "[In] American life, as expressed by its laws, its business, its customs, and its society, we find everywhere a clear recognition of the same truth… this is a religious nation".

This is a document about Religious uniformity
  Religious uniformity was common in many modern theocratic and atheistic governments around the world until fairly modern times. The modern concept of a separate civil government was relatively unknown until expounded upon by Roger Williams, a Christian minister, in The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution (1644) shortly after he founded the American colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations in 1636. In the United States, the First Amendment to the Constitution (1791) prohibits the federal government from establishing or prohibiting a religion, and in 1947 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that states cannot create established state churches in Everson v. Board of Education.

This is a document about Separation of church and state
  The concept of separating church and state is often credited to the writings of English philosopher John Locke (1632–1704). According to his principle of the social contract, Locke argued that the government lacked authority in the realm of individual conscience, as this was something rational people could not cede to the government for it or others to control. For Locke, this created a natural right in the liberty of conscience, which he argued must therefore remain protected from any government authority. These views on religious tolerance and the importance of individual conscience, along with his social contract, became particularly influential in the American colonies and the drafting of the United States Constitution. In his A Letter Concerning Toleration, in which

This is a document about List of atheists in politics and law
 Remus Cernea (1974–): Activist against discrimination based on faith and religion, an advocate of the separation of church and state.

This is a document about Separation of church and state
  At the beginning of the Protestant Reformation, Martin Luther articulated a doctrine of the two kingdoms. According to James Madison, perhaps one of the most important modern proponents of the separation of church and state, Luther's doctrine of the two kingdoms marked the beginning of the modern conception of separation of church and state.  Those of the Radical Reformation (the Anabaptists) took Luther's ideas in new directions, most notably in the writings of Michael Sattler (1490–1527), who agreed with Luther that there were two kingdoms, but differed in arguing that these two kingdoms should be separate, and hence baptized believers should not vote, serve in public office or participate in any other way with the "kingdom of the world". While there was a diversity of

This is a document about Separation of church and state in the United States
  an authoritative declaration of the scope and effect of the [First] Amendment." In Everson v. Board of Education (1947), Justice Hugo Black wrote: "In the words of Thomas Jefferson, the clause against establishment of religion by law was intended to erect a wall of separation between church and state." In contrast to this emphasis on separation, the Supreme Court in Zorach v. Clauson (1952) upheld accommodationism, holding that the nation's "institutions presuppose a Supreme Being" and that government recognition of God does not constitute the establishment of a state church as the Constitution's authors intended to prohibit. The extent of separation between government and religion in the U.S. continues to be debated.

This is a document about Secularism in France
  in public schools and other government-run areas that can be viewed as a government endorsement of religion. The French philosopher and Universal Declaration of Human Rights co-drafter Jacques Maritain, a devout Catholic convert and a critic of French laïcité, noted the distinction between the models found in France and in the mid-twentieth century United States. He considered the US model of that time to be more amicable because it had both "sharp distinction and actual cooperation" between church and state, what he called "a historical treasure" and admonished the United States, "Please to God that you keep it carefully, and do not let your concept of separation veer round to the European one."

This is a document about Separation of church and state
  his faith or his worship, that the legitimate powers of government reach actions only, & not opinions, I contemplate with sovereign reverence that act of the whole American people which declared that their legislature should "make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof", thus building a wall of separation between Church & State." Another early user of the term was James Madison, the principal drafter of the United States Bill of Rights. In a 1789 debate in the House of Representatives regarding the draft of the First Amendment, the following was said: "August 15,

This is a document about Religion and politics in the United States
  In the 1780-1820s in New England the dominant Federalist Party was closely linked to the Congregational church; when the party collapsed, the church was disestablished. In 1800, and others elections, Federalists targeted infidelity in any form. They repeatedly charged that Republican candidates, especially Thomas Jefferson himself, were atheistic or nonreligious. Conversely, the Baptists, Methodists and other dissenters, and the religiously nonaligned, favored the Republican cause. The Baptists, in particular, made the disestablishment one of their founding principles. Hence Jefferson chose the Baptists of Connecticut to pronounce there should be a "wall of separation" between church and state. The separation of church and state is a legal and political principle which advocates derive from

Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and Roger Williams are noted for advocating for the separation of church and state in the United States. Jefferson wrote the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom in 1786, Madison wrote the First Amendment, and Williams used the phrase "wall of separation between church and state" in his book "The Bloody Tenent of Persecution."


Question: who plays chastity in 10 things i hate about you

Answer: Gabrielle Union

This is a document about Dana Davis
  of Micah Sanders. She has the power of muscle mimicry, meaning she can master instantly any physical skill she witnesses. Davis played the role of Peyton in the hit film Coach Carter (2005) alongside Ashanti. She also starred as Lisa Hines in Prom Night (2008). Davis played Chastity Church in the ABC Family series 10 Things I Hate About You (Gabrielle Union played the character in the film) appearing in all 20 episodes. According to series creator Carter Covington, Davis asked out of her contract after the 20 episodes to explore new career opportunities, so Chastity was written out as transferring to a new school; the show was cancelled shortly after the episode aired.

This is a document about 10 Things I Hate About You
  10 Things I Hate About You is a 1999 American romantic comedy film directed by Gil Junger and starring Julia Stiles, Heath Ledger, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, and Larisa Oleynik. The screenplay, written by Karen McCullah Lutz and Kirsten Smith, is a modernization of William Shakespeare's late-16th-century comedy The Taming of the Shrew, retold in a late-1990s American high school setting. In the story, new student Cameron (Gordon-Levitt) is smitten with Bianca (Oleynik) and, in order to get around her father's strict rules on dating, attempts to get bad boy Patrick (Ledger) to date Bianca's ill-tempered sister, Kat (Stiles). The film is titled after a

This is a document about 10 Things I Hate About You
  10 Things I Hate About You provided breakthrough roles for stars Stiles, Ledger, and Gordon-Levitt. Gordon-Levitt, Stiles, and Oleynik each received Young Star Award nominations for Best Actor/Actress in a Comedy Film. The movie was nominated for seven Teen Choice Awards: Choice Movie: Breakout Star (Stiles), Choice Movie: Comedy, Choice Movie: Funniest Scene (featuring Krumholtz), Choice Movie: Love Scene (featuring Stiles and Ledger), Choice Movie: Hissy Fit (Gordon-Levitt), Choice Movie: Villain (Andrew Keegan) and Choice Movie: Soundtrack. The film's casting directors Marcia Ross and Donna Morong won "Best Casting for Feature Film, Comedy" at the Casting Society of America in 1999. In 2000, Stiles won the CFCA Award for "Most Promising Actress" for her role as Kat Stratford (tied with Émilie Dequenne in Rosetta) and an MTV Movie Award for Breakthrough Female Performance. The same year, Ledger was nominated for Best Musical Performance for the song "Can't Take My Eyes Off You".

This is a document about Chastity Dotson
  Chastity Dotson is an American actress.

This is a document about Dana Davis
  Dana Davis (born October 4, 1978) is an American actress and novelist, known for playing Monica Dawson on the NBC series Heroes (2007), Chastity Church on the ABC Family television series 10 Things I Hate About You (2009–10) and Carmen Phillips on the TNT series Franklin & Bash (2011-2013).

This is a document about 1999 in film
 10 Things I Hate About You, directed by Gil Junger, starring Heath Ledger, Julia Stiles, Larisa Oleynik and Joseph Gordon-Levitt ; The 13th Warrior, directed by John McTiernan, starring Antonio Banderas ; 200 Cigarettes, starring Ben Affleck, Casey Affleck, Dave Chappelle, Kate Hudson, Paul Rudd and Christina Ricci ; 6ixtynin9 (Ruang Talok 69) (Thailand) ; 8mm, directed by Joel Schumacher, starring Nicolas Cage, Joaquin Phoenix and James Gandolfini

This is a document about Kirsten Smith (writer)
  they embarked on a teen comedy called 10 Things I Hate About You, a twist on William Shakespeare's Taming of the Shrew partially inspired by the recent teen comedy Clueless. In 1997, Smith made her first sale as a screenwriter, with 10 Things I Hate About You, a speculative screenplay. Shortly thereafter, the movie was green-lit, starring the-then-unknown Heath Ledger and Julia Stiles It was shot in Tacoma, Washington, near Smith's hometown. In the writing process for 10 Things, Smith was eager to add feminism and post-feminism from her women's studies classes into the movie's context and had wanted more of a riot grrrl sound for the soundtrack. Smith went on to co-write Legally Blonde,

This is a document about YoungStar Award
 Rachael Leigh Cook as Laney Boggs, She's All That ; Jessica Campbell as Tammy Metzler, Election ; Larisa Oleynik as Bianca Stratford, 10 Things I Hate About You ; Julia Stiles as Katarina, 10 Things I Hate About You ; Leelee Sobieski as Aldys, Never Been Kissed

This is a document about Gossip Girl (season 5)
  Blake Lively, Leighton Meester, Penn Badgley, Chace Crawford, and Ed Westwick all returned as series regulars. Kaylee DeFer was upgraded to series regular status, while Taylor Momsen and Jessica Szohr exited the show, though they were both invited back as guest stars. Kelly Rutherford and Matthew Settle also returned as regulars. On April 6, 2011, 10 Things I Hate About You star Ethan Peck landed a guest-starring role on the show. Peck made his debut in the fourth season finale and was in talks with producers for a recurring role for the fifth season. Peck would later film his scenes with Lively for the season premiere. French actress and model Roxane Mesquida was

This is a document about Meaghan Martin
  Snow, who did not return to the series. Martin starred in the ABC Family sitcom 10 Things I Hate About You as Bianca (originated by Larisa Oleynik in the film version) and received rave reviews for her performance in the series. Mike Hale of The New York Times described Meaghan as "the high point of an excellent ensemble". She also played the role of Megan Kennedy in the independent film Dear Lemon Lima which received the Audience Award for Best Narrative Feature at the Woodstock Film Festival. Martin returned to reprise her role as Tess Tyler in Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam, premiered on September

This is a document about 2000 MTV Movie Awards
 Selma Blair – Cruel Intentions ; Shannon Elizabeth – American Pie ; Carrie-Anne Moss – The Matrix ; Hilary Swank – Boys Don't Cry Julia Stiles – 10 Things I Hate About You

This is a document about The Taming of the Shrew on screen
  which he works if he marries the boss' tempestuous daughter. He decides to tame her by forcing her to have sex with as many of his friends as he can, something she is more than happy to do. ; 10 Things I Hate About You (1999), written by Karen McCullah Lutz and Kirsten Smith, directed by Gil Junger, starring Julia Stiles and Heath Ledger; recasts the play as a teen romantic comedy set in 'Padua Stadium High School', where an overprotective father decides that his popular younger daughter cannot date until his shrewish older daughter begins to date, much to the

This is a document about Gossip Girl (season 4)
  der Woodsen, but turned out to be that of Princess Sophie, Louis Grimaldi's mother. Academy Award-nominated director David O. Russell made a cameo. On April 6, 2011, it was reported that 10 Things I Hate About You star Ethan Peck had landed a role in the show. Both stars were seen filming with Lively in California. Peck would reportedly make his debut in the season finale and was in talks with producers for a recurring role for the fifth season. Recurring cast members Nan Zhang and Nicole Fiscella reprised their roles as Kati Farkas and Isabel Coates for the

This is a document about Susan May Pratt
  Susan May Pratt (born February 8, 1974 ) is an American actress. She played Mandella in 10 Things I Hate About You, Alicia in Drive Me Crazy, and Maureen Cummings in Center Stage.

This is a document about Hold Me Down (film)
 Tianna Allen as Chastity ; Syrah and Serenity Harris as Fayth ; Tanisha Lambright as Nisha ; Anaya Ba as Nana ; Prince Combs as Prince ; Cheryl Juniaus as Chastity's mother ; Alexis Williams as Lilly ; Barbara Moore as Miss Ida ; Nicole Cochran Adams as Nik ; Miranda Collier as Silence ; Shavon Thomas as Cakes ; Mike Strickland as the MC ; Ralph Carter as the bouncer

This is a document about 10 Things I Hate About You
  written by Kat about her bittersweet romance with Patrick. Much of the filming took place in the Seattle metropolitan area, with many scenes shot at Stadium High School in Tacoma. Released March 31, 1999, 10 Things I Hate About You grossed $60 million and received generally positive reviews from critics. It was a breakthrough role for Stiles, Ledger, and Gordon-Levitt, all of whom were nominated for various teen-oriented awards. Ten years later, the film was adapted into a television series of the same title, which ran for twenty episodes and featured Larry Miller reprising his role as Walter Stratford from the film.

This is a document about Jessica Chastain
  Jessica Michelle Chastain (born March 24, 1977) is an American actress and film producer. Known for her roles in films with feminist themes, she has received various accolades throughout her career, including a Golden Globe Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award, in addition to nominations for two Academy Awards and two British Academy Film Awards. Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2012. Born and raised in Sacramento, California, Chastain developed an interest in acting from an early age. In 1998, she made her professional stage debut as Shakespeare's Juliet. After studying acting at the Juilliard School, she was signed to a talent holding deal with the television producer John Wells. She was a recurring guest star in several television series, including Law

This is a document about Kay Hanley
  Hanley grew up in Dorchester, Massachusetts across the street from the Wahlberg family. She attended school at St. Gregory's and Latin Academy. She has been lead singer/songwriter for rock band Letters To Cleo since 1990. The band name was inspired by Hanley's childhood penpal. In 1994, she co-starred alongside Gary Cherone in Boston Rock Opera's performance of Jesus Christ Superstar as Mary Magdalene. In 1999, Hanley appeared as herself in the film 10 Things I Hate About You, singing a cover version of Nick Lowe's "Cruel to Be Kind" to Heath Ledger and Julia Stiles at their characters' high school prom, in addition

This is a document about Meaghan Martin
  Meaghan Jette Martin is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her roles as Tess Tyler in the Disney Channel television films Camp Rock and its sequel Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam and Jo Mitchell in Mean Girls 2. Martin starred in the ABC Family television series, 10 Things I Hate About You as Bianca Stratford. She has also had guest starring roles in House and Jessie, and played the recurring role of Julie #2 in multiple seasons of MTV's television series Awkward. Martin is also known for lending her voice for Naminé in the video game series Kingdom Hearts as well as voicing and motion-capturing Jessica from the video game Until Dawn. In 2019, Martin made her professional London stage debut in The Actor's Nightmare at the Park Theatre in London.

This is a document about Julia Stiles
  Julia O'Hara Stiles (born March 28, 1981) is an American actress. Born and raised in New York City, Stiles started acting at the age of 11 performing with New York's La Mama Experimental Theater Club. Her first film role was in I Love You, I Love You Not (1996), followed by a leading role in the thriller Wicked (1998) for which she was awarded the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival Award for Best Actress. She gained prominence for her lead roles in teen films such as 10 Things I Hate About You (1999), for which she won the MTV Movie Award for Best Breakthrough Performance and was nominated for two Teen Choice Awards; Down to You (2000) for which she was nominated

Dana Davis plays the role of Chastity in "10 Things I Hate About You."


Question: when did sir alex ferguson leave manchester united

Answer: 2013

This is a document about History of Manchester United F.C. (1986–2013)
  The period from 1986, when Alex Ferguson was appointed as Manchester United manager, to 2013, when he announced his retirement from football, was the most successful in the club's history. Ferguson joined the club from Aberdeen on the same day that Ron Atkinson was dismissed, and guided the club to an 11th-place finish in the league. Despite a second-place finish in 1987–88, the club was back in 11th place the following season. Reportedly on the verge of being dismissed, victory over Crystal Palace in the 1990 FA Cup Final replay (after a 3–3 draw) saved Ferguson's career. The following season, Manchester

This is a document about History of Manchester United F.C. (1986–2013)
  Alex Ferguson joined Manchester United from Aberdeen on 6 November 1986, the same day that previous manager Ron Atkinson was dismissed, and immediately set about rebuilding the club's youth system. In Ferguson's first game in charge, the team lost 2–0 to Oxford United; his first victory came on 22 November 1986, a 1–0 defeat of Queens Park Rangers at Old Trafford. Over the next few weeks, results continued to improve, and on Boxing Day 1986, the team beat Liverpool 1–0 at Anfield – the club's only away league win of the season, and the only home defeat of the season

This is a document about 2011 FIFA Ballon d'Or
 Sir Alex Ferguson

This is a document about 2013–14 Manchester United F.C. season
  It was a period of change for United's staff. In May 2013, manager Sir Alex Ferguson announced his retirement after 26 years of service, having just won his 13th Premier League title that season and United's 20th overall. Earlier in February 2013, it was made known that chief executive David Gill would be stepping down after 16 years of service, with 10 years as chief executive. Each announcement was accompanied with the naming of their successors, who would take over on 1 July 2013. David Moyes, aged 50, manager of Everton and a Scotsman like Ferguson, was appointed as the new United manager. Ed Woodward assumed the top executive role at United, although he retained the title

This is a document about Alex Ferguson
  Sir Alexander Chapman Ferguson (born 31 December 1941) is a Scottish former football manager and player, best known for managing Manchester United from 1986 to 2013. He is widely regarded as the greatest football manager of all time,   and has won more trophies than any other manager in the history of football. Ferguson played as a forward for several Scottish clubs, including Dunfermline Athletic and Rangers. While playing for Dunfermline, he was the top goalscorer in the Scottish league in the 1965–66 season. Towards the end of his playing career he also worked as a coach, then started his managerial career with East Stirlingshire and St Mirren. Ferguson then enjoyed a highly successful period as manager of Aberdeen, winning three

This is a document about Alex Ferguson
  based in Manchester, and a member of the Executive Committee of the League Managers Association. On 5 November 2011, the Old Trafford North Stand was officially renamed the Sir Alex Ferguson Stand in honour of his 25 years as manager of Manchester United. In addition to being the only manager to win the top league honours, and the 'Double', north and south of the England–Scotland border (winning the Premier League with Manchester United, and the Scottish Premier Division with Aberdeen), he is also the last manager to win the Scottish league championship with a non Old Firm team, achieving this in the 1984–85 season with Aberdeen.

This is a document about Alex Ferguson
   Many of Ferguson's former players have gone on to become football managers themselves, including Tony Fitzpatrick, Alex McLeish, Gordon Strachan, Mark McGhee, Willie Miller, Neale Cooper, Bryan Gunn, Eric Black, Billy Stark, Bryan Robson, Steve Bruce, Mark Hughes, Roy Keane, Paul Ince, Chris Casper, Mark Robins, Darren Ferguson, Ole Gunnar Solskjær, Henning Berg, Andrei Kanchelskis, Michael Appleton, Ryan Giggs, David Healy, Gabriel Heinze, Paul Scholes, Gary Neville, Jaap Stam, and Phil Neville. Three of these have subsequently managed Manchester United: Giggs (interim player-manager in 2014), Solskjær (2018 to 2021), and Carrick (interim manager in 2021). The phrase "squeaky-bum time" coined by Ferguson in reference to the tense final stages of a league competition has been included in the Collins English

This is a document about Alex Ferguson
  On 8 May 2013, Ferguson announced that he was to retire as manager at the end of the football season, but would remain at the club as a director and club ambassador. The Guardian announced it was the "end of an era", while UEFA president Michel Platini said that Ferguson was "a true visionary". Prime Minister of the United Kingdom David Cameron described Ferguson as a "remarkable man in British football". Former Manchester United players Paul Ince and Bryan Robson agreed that Ferguson would be "a hard act to follow". Manchester United co-chairman Joel Glazer said, "His determination to succeed and dedication to the club have been truly remarkable." Ferguson revealed

This is a document about Duncan Ferguson
  Duncan Cowan Ferguson (born 27 December 1971) is a Scottish former professional footballer who is the assistant manager of Premier League club Everton. He began his career at Dundee United in 1990, and moved to Rangers in 1993 for what was then a British transfer record fee. He spent the remainder of his career in England, moving to Everton in 1994 before a stint with Newcastle United between 1998 and 2000, after which he returned to Everton. Ferguson retired from playing in 2006, and was promoted to the first team coaching staff at Everton in 2014. Following the dismissal of Everton manager Marco Silva in December 2019, Ferguson was named as the team's caretaker manager until Silva's replacement Carlo Ancelotti was appointed manager a few weeks later,

This is a document about List of Manchester United F.C. managers
  League position, but won the 2016 FA Cup, the club's first in a dozen years. The board, however, decided that not enough progress had been made from the previous season and Van Gaal was sacked on 23 May 2016, just days after lifting the cup. He was replaced by two-time European champion and former Chelsea boss José Mourinho on 27 May 2016. Mourinho became United's fourth manager (including Giggs) in as many years since Ferguson's retirement. He won the EFL Cup and UEFA Europa League in his first season, but failed to win any silverware in 2017–18 and was sacked on 18 December

This is a document about Manchester United F.C.
  On 8 May 2013, Ferguson announced that he was to retire as manager at the end of the football season, but would remain at the club as a director and club ambassador. He retired as the most decorated manager in football history. The club announced the next day that Everton manager David Moyes would replace him from 1 July, having signed a six-year contract. Ryan Giggs took over as interim player-manager 10 months later, on 22 April 2014, when Moyes was sacked after a poor season in which the club failed to defend their Premier League title and failed to qualify for the UEFA

This is a document about History of Manchester United F.C. (1986–2013)
  relegated in 2004. The following season, Manchester United won a third successive league title, Alex Ferguson becoming first manager to achieve this feat. This was once again achieved by a wide margin, and United chalked up arguably their best performance of the season in late February when they defeated Arsenal 6–1 at Old Trafford. At the end of the season, Teddy Sheringham collected both the PFA Player of the Year award and the FWA Player of the Year award, before returning to Tottenham Hotspur; he was succeeded by club record signing Ruud van Nistelrooy, a record swiftly broken by the £28.1 million signing of Argentine midfielder

This is a document about Michael Carrick
  at Old Trafford on 4 June 2017, the match was contested by a team representing Manchester United's 2008 Champions League-winning side and a team of all-stars selected by Carrick himself, managed by Sir Alex Ferguson and Harry Redknapp respectively. The match ended in a 2–2 draw with Carrick scoring from a 25-yard strike. The money raised from the game was distributed to Carrick's chosen charities. Following the departure of club captain Wayne Rooney from Manchester United in July 2017, Carrick was appointed as Rooney's replacement. In November 2017, Carrick announced that he had undergone a procedure for an irregular heart rhythm after suffering dizziness during

This is a document about Premier League 10 Seasons Awards
  The Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson was awarded the Manager of the Decade Award, having been in charge of all 392 of their games for the entire decade. After a playing career in Scotland, by the time of his move to Manchester United in November 1986, Alex Ferguson was already a recognised successful football manager, having got St Mirren promoted to the Scottish Premier Division from the Scottish First Division as champions in the 1976–77 season, and going on to win several domestic and European trophies from 1980 to 1986 with Aberdeen, and being awarded the OBE in 1984. After winning some domestic English cup competitions with United from 1990, Ferguson guided United to their first League title in almost 30 years in 1993, becoming the inaugural Premier League Champions. In the first decade of the Premier League, Ferguson presided over 244 Premiership victories from 392

This is a document about 2012–13 in English football
  In Sir Alex Ferguson's final season as manager, Manchester United comfortably won their 13th Premier League title and their 20th overall, topping the table in mid-November and never surrendering their lead, though a run of just three wins in their last eight matches meant that they squandered the chance to become the first ever top-flight side to earn a hundred points in a season. Neighbours and defending champions Manchester City finished in second place, though they never looked like seriously challenging for a second successive title, and this, combined with a humiliating FA Cup final defeat by Wigan Athletic, cost Roberto Mancini his job. Despite enduring a turbulent season

This is a document about Arsenal F.C.–Manchester United F.C. rivalry
  Although Arsenal and Manchester United have frequently been in the same division in English football since 1919, the rivalry between the two clubs only became a fierce one in the late 1990s and early 2000s, when the teams regularly competed against each other for the Premier League title and FA Cup. There was also an enmity between the managers, Arsenal's Arsène Wenger (1996–2018) and United's Sir Alex Ferguson (1986–2013), and club captains Patrick Vieira and Roy Keane,  and their contests often involved on-field trouble – seven red cards were shown in matches from February 1997 to February 2005. The league fixture in September

This is a document about 2002–03 Manchester United F.C. season
  After ending the previous season by surrendering the title to Arsenal at home and finishing third behind rejuvenated Liverpool, Alex Ferguson reiterated his desire to dominate English football by signing a three-year contract in the late winter of 2002. By the end of the season, Ferguson got his wish and bagged Manchester United their fifteenth domestic league title, thanks largely to the form of striker Ruud van Nistelrooy who scored an impressive 25 goals during the run-in. The manager also assembled a new defence which included new signing Rio Ferdinand, whose deal broke the transfer record in English football and indeed,

This is a document about 2001–02 in English football
  their history. ; 28 February 2002 - Sir Alex Ferguson changes his mind about retiring as Manchester United manager at the end of the season and signs a new contract which will keep him at the club for at least another three seasons. His team are still top of the Premier League, followed by Arsenal, Liverpool, Newcastle United and Chelsea. Leicester City are sinking deeper into relegation trouble at the other end of the table, while an upturn in fortunes for Derby County is suggesting that John Gregory is their saviour. Blackburn Rovers, meanwhile, have little time to saviour

This is a document about History of Manchester United F.C. (1986–2013)
  the decision of Sir Alex Ferguson to make a U-turn and stay on as manager, after he had stated that he would retire at the end of the season after 16 years at the club. The 2002 close season saw the club break the national transfer record with the £29 million signing of Leeds United and England centre-half Rio Ferdinand. He helped Manchester United to another Premier League title in 2002–03, the club's eighth title in 11 seasons, after some disappointing results in the first season saw them unbeaten after the turn of the new year. The league success was one of the more remarkable

This is a document about Ole Gunnar Solskjær
  the New Year since, under Sir Alex Ferguson, in the 2012–13 season when the club went on to win the competition. On 2 February 2021, Solskjær oversaw his team score a record equalling nine goals in a 9–0 victory over Southampton. It was the third time such a feat had been achieved in the Premier League, with Manchester United being first to do so against Ipswich in 1995. Manchester United finished runners-up in the Premier League with 77 points and qualified for the Champions League group stage. This was the first time United achieved back-to-back top 4 finish since Sir Alex Ferguson's retirement. On 26 May, Manchester United lost on penalties to Villarreal after a 1–1 draw in the Europa League Final.

Sir Alex Ferguson left Manchester United in May 2013.


Question: who does jim end up with in the office

Answer: receptionist Pam Beesly

This is a document about The Office (American TV series)
  single after calling off her engagement to Roy, and Jim's unresolved feelings for her and his new relationship with Karen lead to shifting tensions between the three. Meanwhile, Michael and Jan's relationship escalates, which causes them to behave erratically on the job. On the other hand, Dwight and Angela continue their steamy secret relationship. In the season's finale, Jim, Karen, and Michael interview for a corporate position that turns out to be Jan's, who is fired for poor performance. Jim is offered the job but rejects it off-screen, opting instead to remain in Scranton without Karen and ask Pam out on a date, which she joyfully accepts. In the final scene, we learn Ryan has been awarded Jan's job.

This is a document about The Office (American TV series)
  infidelity with Oscar. She also deals with her lingering attraction to Dwight, who inherits his family's beet farm. Dwight receives more good news when David Wallace handpicks him to be the new manager after Andy quits to pursue an acting career, which quickly ends when he embarrasses himself at an American Idol-like a cappella singing competition that turns into a viral web sensation. Dwight later makes Jim his assistant to the regional manager, and the two officially end their grudge. After Jim reconciles with Pam, choosing to stay in Scranton over Philadelphia, Dwight professes his love for Angela and finally marries her. In the series finale, which takes place one year after the release of the documentary that has been shot during the entire series, the employees reunite

This is a document about Jim Halpert
  there after all. In "Finale," Jim serves as Dwight's Best Man during his wedding to Angela, where Pam is a bridesmaid. Jim and Pam also finalize their plan to move to Austin, where Jim will rejoin Athlead (now named Athleap) with Darryl. He plans to quit Dunder Mifflin, but Dwight insists on firing him and Pam instead, so they can receive a generous severance package. In his final interview, Jim thanks the documentary crew for giving him the opportunity to show his children many important parts of his life, and after a callback to his first interview, finally deems his job as "amazing".

This is a document about Pam Beesly
  The "will they or won't they" tension between Jim and Pam is a strong story line in the early episodes of The Office, encompassing much of Seasons 1 to 3. In the finale of Season 2, "Casino Night", Jim confesses his love for Pam but she denies him. They later on kiss in the episode but Pam rejects him yet again. In the opener of Season 4, the two characters are revealed to be dating. In Season 6, Jim and Pam get married in the beginning of the season, a feat considered noteworthy by many television critics, as bringing together the two lead love interests in a television series is often thought to be a risky venture. Their child is born in the second half of the season, during another hour long episode, "The Delivery". Pam and Jim's second child is born during season 8. In season 9, their marriage becomes strained when Jim takes up a second job in Philadelphia. They ultimately decide to leave Dunder Mifflin together so Jim can pursue his dream job.

This is a document about The Office (American season 6)
 Jim Halpert's promotion to co-manager alongside Michael Scott ; Dwight Schrute's anger and jealousy that he was passed over for the co-manager job and his subsequent attempts to sabotage Jim ; Jim's wedding to Pam Beesly ; Michael engaging in a romantic relationship with Pam's mother Helene, much to Pam's horror ; Dunder Mifflin navigating through the economic crisis ; Dunder Mifflin getting bought out by Florida-based printer company Sabre and the arrival of Sabre representatives Jo Bennett and Gabe Lewis ; Warehouse foreman Darryl Philbin earning a promotion to the upstairs office ; Andy Bernard's attempts to court Erin Hannon ; Jim and Pam welcoming their first child, Cecelia "Cece" Halpert ; Dwight Schrute and Angela Martin contractually agree to have a baby together Notable plots that affect the sixth season and beyond include:

This is a document about The Negotiation (The Office)
  asks Pam to join him for coffee. Their meeting at a local diner is awkward and ends with their relationship over; they hug, and Pam wipes a tear from her face. Roy encourages Pam to pursue her feelings for Jim but she says she will not try to get him due to him dating Karen. Roy says he does not understand Pam and leaves. Angela Martin (Angela Kinsey) repeatedly gets people from the office to tell her the tale of Dwight's heroics, constantly arousing her. Believing themselves to be alone at the end of the day, the two kiss passionately. However, Jim sees them and decides that keeping their relationship secret will be his gift to Dwight to make things "even". Andy Bernard (Ed Helms) returns from anger management, and

This is a document about The Office (American season 5)
 Jim Halpert's engagement to Pam Beesly ; Michael's relationship with HR rep Holly Flax, which ends when Holly is transferred to Nashua ; The Scranton returns of Ryan Howard and Toby Flenderson ; Pam going to art school in New York City ; Angela Martin's continuing affair with Dwight Schrute, despite her engagement to Andy Bernard ; The arrival of no-nonsense corporate employee Charles Miner to Scranton ; Michael quitting Dunder Mifflin to form his own paper company (The Michael Scott Paper Company), with Pam and Ryan joining Michael in his new venture ; The hiring of Kelly "Erin" Hannon as the new Scranton branch receptionist Notable ongoing plots that affect the fifth season and beyond include:

This is a document about The Return (The Office)
  involved in a romantic relationship, but Michael believes that Dwight saved Angela out of loyalty to the company. Dwight returns to the office and, much to his delight, thinks Oscar's welcome back party is actually meant for him. Karen has noticed how much fun Jim and Pam had together during their prank on Andy; she confronts Jim and asks him if he still has feelings for Pam. Jim nods as he quietly says yes and Karen walks out of the room, visibly upset. Meanwhile, corporate sends Andy to anger management where he plans to get out of the 10-week program in five weeks through his usual charms: name repetition and personality imitation.

This is a document about PDA (The Office)
  them, suggesting that they are acting this way to have a full on relationship before Toby Flenderson (Paul Lieberstein) returns from jury duty, which would send Holly back to Nashua. Michael then becomes worried that they will have to break up again, but Holly assures him that they can make it work. Michael points out that they broke up the last time because of that and cannot see Holly for the rest of the day. Michael then confronts Holly to tell her that he is breaking up with her. Holly, however, says that they should decide for themselves and not let the company decide their future. They both resolve to move in together and announce it to the office. Jim (John Krasinski)

This is a document about Pam Beesly
  to the opportunity and eventually convinces her that the idea is foolish. Pam ultimately calls off her wedding to Roy, but they remain friendly and he is determined to win her back by being less of a jerk. She reconciles with Roy at Phyllis's wedding as a response to watching Jim date Karen. In an attempt at a fresh start with Roy, Pam comes clean about Jim kissing her during "Casino Night". Roy flies into a violent rage and Pam ends the relationship on the spot. The next day, Roy attempts to attack Jim in the office and is summarily fired. Following the incident, Roy meets Pam for coffee and encourages her to pursue her feelings for Jim.

This is a document about Pam Beesly
  her condition. There is no audio as the camera displays Jim and Pam embrace, looking shocked and ecstatic, implying that Pam is pregnant. Pam's pregnancy is confirmed in the Season 6 premiere, in which Jim announces the pregnancy to the office staff. Jim and Pam have their wedding early in the season; the day before the wedding ceremony, Jim and Pam secretly get married at Niagara Falls. Following the wedding, a multi-episode story arc revolves around Michael hooking up with Pam's mother the night of the wedding. In response, Pam slaps Michael, and Michael and Pam's mother ultimately break up. In "The Delivery", Pam and Jim have their first child, naming their daughter Cecelia Marie Halpert.

This is a document about Andy Bernard
  the office, Andy gives him romantic advice that appears to reflect his own experiences with Angela, telling him to never give compliments, push for physical contact, or be assertive to the point of rudeness. In "Heavy Competition", Andy offers bargain deals for Jim and Pam's wedding. However, he mistakes Pam's rejection of Jim's ideas as Pam controlling him. Andy assumes the role as Jim's emotional rock, which Jim goes along with as a prank. After realizing Jim is messing with him, Andy confronts him; Jim tells Andy that he is very happy with Pam, and while Andy's breakup with Angela was "a bummer", he assures Andy that he will find someone else in the future.

This is a document about Goodbye, Toby
  propose to Pam, going back to their "first date". Pam notices the purchase and guesses his intentions; however, at the party, Andy Bernard (Ed Helms) ruins the moment by proposing to Angela, who bitterly accepts. Pam is visibly disappointed that Jim didn't propose to her. Michael has security escort Toby out of the office as a parting insult. Dwight is crushed that his ex-girlfriend is marrying someone else. In the last scene of the episode, Phyllis returns to the office, pleased at the success of her party, where she and the camera crew walk in on Angela and Dwight having sex on Angela's desk.

This is a document about Dunder Mifflin Infinity
  tried to kill him. After the lake incident, he and Dwight walk back to one of the former clients to awkwardly get back their gift basket, causing a scene. Meanwhile, Pam Beesly (Jenna Fischer) and Jim Halpert (John Krasinski) are exposed as a couple when Toby Flenderson (Paul Lieberstein) circulates a memo about public displays of affection. Jim secretly informs Pam that Dwight and Angela Martin (Angela Kinsey) are dating, only to discover that she already knew. Meanwhile, Dwight attempts to make amends for the death of Angela's cat Sprinkles by giving her a stray cat he found in his barn, named Garbage. Angela rejects the

This is a document about Fun Run
  Over the summer, Jan Levinson (Melora Hardin) moved in with Michael Scott (Steve Carell), Ryan Howard (B. J. Novak) started his new job at Corporate and Jim Halpert (John Krasinski) broke up with Karen Filippelli (Rashida Jones), who left Dunder Mifflin Scranton. Jim and Pam Beesly (Jenna Fischer) claim that they see each other socially but only as friends. The documentary crew catches Pam picking up Jim in her car. They kiss and drive away. When faced with the footage of them kissing, Jim and Pam admit to the documentary crew that they are secretly dating. As he arrives at

This is a document about The Merger (The Office)
  The Scranton and Stamford branches prepare for the upcoming merger. Pam Beesly (Jenna Fischer) professes excitement over the merger, mostly because of the return of Jim Halpert (John Krasinski). She soon learns throughout the day that Jim has become slightly distant to her and that he has formed a close relationship with Karen Filippelli (Rashida Jones), visibly shaking her. Feeling bad with their awkward reunion, Jim catches up to Pam at the end of the day and informs her that he's seeing someone. While Pam assures him that they're still friends, Jim leaves shaken as well. Andy Bernard (Ed Helms) proclaims he'll be the No. 2 man in Scranton in six weeks time through "name repetition, personality mirroring and never breaking off a handshake." A rivalry between Dwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson) and

This is a document about Dwight Schrute
  only for Isabel to become interested in Dwight's horses. Dwight ultimately manages to have sex with her, and she begins to develop deeper feelings for him which he does not return, although it is finally hinted in "The Delivery" that Dwight might have more intimate feelings for her than he originally let on. They meet again at the bar in "Happy Hour", and bond further, kissing at the end of the episode. In a chat at OfficeTally.com, Mindy Kaling noted that Dwight is not a typical "nerd" character, that he is a "farmer and kind of strapping and tall", and it generally makes sense that he does well with the opposite sex. In season 9, he begins to date an attractive neighboring farmer named Esther (Nora Kirkpatrick). He ultimately ends his relationship with her in "A.A.R.M.". In the final episode, Dwight marries Angela Martin.

This is a document about Ben Franklin (The Office)
  The office plays host to a bridal shower for Phyllis Lapin (Phyllis Smith) while Bob Vance's (Robert R. Shafer) bachelor party is held in the warehouse. Though Michael Scott (Steve Carell) is aware that the company's sexual harassment policy forbids strippers in the workplace, Todd Packer (David Koechner) convinces him that it is okay to hire a stripper for the bachelor party if he also gets a male stripper for the bridal shower. After Jim Halpert (John Krasinski) admitted to Karen Filippelli (Rashida Jones) in the previous episode that he still has feelings for Pam Beesly (Jenna Fischer), interactions between the three become increasingly tense. Michael delegates the

This is a document about The Office (American season 3)
 Jim Halpert's transfer to the Dunder Mifflin Stamford branch ; Michael Scott's up-and-down relationship with Jan Levinson ; The introduction of Stamford-based employees Andy Bernard and Karen Filippelli ; Pam Beesly calling off her wedding to Roy Anderson ; The closing of the Stamford branch and subsequent merger with Scranton ; Jim's new romance with Karen Filippelli ; Ryan Howard's promotion to salesman ; Dwight Schrute competing with Andy to be Michael's right-hand man ; David Wallace's search for a new Vice President of Sales Notable ongoing subplots from the third season and beyond include:

This is a document about Angela Martin
  it only gets worse when Dwight shows up. In the season finale, Andy proposes to Angela in front of his parents, and she reluctantly says yes. However, in the very end of the episode, Phyllis Vance catches Angela and Dwight hooking up in the office. Throughout season five, Angela continues her secret romance with Dwight while engaged to Andy. Meanwhile, Andy spends most of the season trying to find the perfect wedding location, but most of them are turned down by Angela. They eventually settle on Schrute Farms, Dwight's beet farm. In "The Surplus", Andy and Angela tour the farm and stage a fake wedding so Andy can see what the ceremony will look like. However, Dwight later reveals to her that he actually married her, because they both said "I do."

Jim ends up marrying Pam in the series finale of "The Office."


Question: who is playing for the national league championship

Answer: Chicago Cubs

This is a document about 2019 National League Championship Series
  The 2019 National League Championship Series was a best-of-seven series between the two winners of the 2019 National League Division Series, the St. Louis Cardinals and Washington Nationals, for the National League (NL) pennant and the right to play in the 2019 World Series. The series was scheduled in a 2–3–2 format. Because the Nationals were a wild card team, the Cardinals had home-field advantage. The series was the 50th NLCS in league history, with TBS televising all games in the United States. For the third straight year, Major League Baseball sold presenting sponsorships to all of its postseason series; as with the ALCS, this NLCS was sponsored by GEICO and officially known as the 2019 National League Championship Series presented by GEICO. This was the second NLCS in which the winning team never trailed during a game (the other being

This is a document about 2018 National League Championship Series
  The 2018 National League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff pitting the Milwaukee Brewers against the Los Angeles Dodgers, for the National League (NL) pennant and the right to play in the 2018 World Series against the AL Champions, the Boston Red Sox. The series was the 49th in league history, with Fox airing all games in the United States. This series was the first time two teams that won their division in a tiebreaker game faced each other in a playoff series, as well as the first postseason match-up between the Brewers and Dodgers. For the first time since 2012, the NLCS reached a game seven, with the Dodgers defeating the Brewers and winning back-to-back pennants for the first time since 1977–1978. The Dodgers lost in five games to the Boston Red Sox in the World Series. For the second year, Major League Baseball sold presenting sponsorships to all of its postseason series; as with the ALCS, this NLCS was sponsored by Google Assistant and was officially known as the National League Championship Series presented by Google Assistant.

This is a document about List of National League pennant winners
   The National League pennant winner of a given Major League Baseball season is the team that wins the championship—the pennant—of MLB's National League (NL). This team receives the Warren C. Giles Trophy and the right to play in the World Series against the champion of the American League (AL). The current NL pennant winners are the Atlanta Braves, who beat out the Los Angeles Dodgers to win the NL pennant in October 2021. The trophy is named for Warren Giles, the league president from 1951 to 1969, and is presented immediately after each NL Championship Series (NLCS) by Warren's son Bill Giles, the honorary league

This is a document about 2017 National League Championship Series
  The 2017 National League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff pitting the Los Angeles Dodgers against the defending World Series champion Chicago Cubs for the National League pennant and the right to play in the 2017 World Series. The series was a rematch of the 2016 NLCS, which Chicago won four games to two en route to their first World Series victory since 1908. This was just the 10th time two teams have met in at least two straight League Championship Series, which have existed since divisional play began in 1969. The series was the 48th in league history. The Dodgers beat the Cubs

This is a document about November 2004 in sports
 Major League Baseball: The National League winners of the Gold Glove are announced. ; Pitcher: Greg Maddux (Chicago Cubs) ; Catcher: Mike Matheny (St. Louis Cardinals) ; First Base: Todd Helton (Colorado Rockies) ; Second Base: Luis Castillo (Florida Marlins) ; Third Base: Scott Rolen (St. Louis Cardinals) ; Shortstop: César Izturis (Los Angeles Dodgers) ; Outfield: Jim Edmonds (St. Louis Cardinals), Andruw Jones (Atlanta Braves), Steve Finley (Arizona Diamondbacks/Los Angeles Dodgers) (ESPN) ; Football (soccer): UEFA Champions League, Group Stage, Matchday 4 (UEFA.com) ; Group A: Deportivo La Coruña 0 – 1 Liverpool ; Group A: Olympiacos 1 – 0 AS Monaco ; Group B: Dynamo Kyiv 2 – 2 Real Madrid ; Group B: AS Roma 1 – 1 Bayer Leverkusen ; Group C: Bayern Munich 0 – 1 Juventus ; Group C: Maccabi Tel Aviv 2 – 1 Ajax ;

This is a document about Los Angeles Dodgers award winners and league leaders
 World Series ; 1955 – Johnny Podres ; 1959 – Larry Sherry ; 1963 – Sandy Koufax ; 1965 – Sandy Koufax ; 1981 – Ron Cey, Pedro Guerrero and Steve Yeager ; 1988 – Orel Hershiser ; 2020 – Corey Seager ; NL Championship Series ; 1977 – Dusty Baker ; 1978 – Steve Garvey ; 1981 – Burt Hooton ; 1988 – Orel Hershiser ; 2017 – Chris Taylor and Justin Turner ; 2018 – Cody Bellinger ; 2020 - Corey Seager ; All-Star Game (Note: This was re-named the Ted Williams Most Valuable Player Award in 2002.) ; 1962 – Maury Wills (Game 1) ; 1977 – Don Sutton ; 1978 – Steve Garvey ; 1996 – Mike Piazza

This is a document about 2020 National League Championship Series
  The 2020 National League Championship Series was the best-of-seven series between the two National League Division Series winners, the Atlanta Braves and the Los Angeles Dodgers, for the National League (NL) pennant and the right to play in the 2020 World Series. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, all games for the series were held at a neutral site, Globe Life Field in Arlington, Texas. The series was the 51st in league history. The games were televised nationally by Fox and FS1. The Dodgers defeated the Braves in seven games, winning their third National League pennant in four seasons. The Dodgers were the fourteenth team in postseason history to come back from a 3–1 series deficit. Los Angeles then went on to win their first World Series in 32 years against the Tampa Bay Rays in six games.

This is a document about Baseball awards
 Championship Series of the National League

This is a document about 2020 NLCS
 1) REDIRECT:2020 National League Championship Series

This is a document about 2017 Washington Nationals season
  With the National League's second seed in the 2017 postseason, the Nationals faced the third seed, the National League Central-champion Chicago Cubs, who, as the winners of the 2016 World Series, were mounting their first defense of a World Series title since 1908. On October 4, 2017, the Cubs announced that Kyle Hendricks would start Game 1 of the Division Series while Jon Lester would start Game 2, José Quintana Game 3, and Jake Arrieta Game 4. On October 5, Dusty Baker announced that Stephen Strasburg would start Game 1 for the Nationals, but did not specify starters for any other

This is a document about Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports
  2020 National League Championship Series and 2020 World Series at Globe Life Field (which offered limited in-person attendance). After Game 6 of the World Series, Los Angeles Dodgers third baseman Justin Turner stormed onto the field with his teammates to celebrate his team's championship, despite having been removed from the game in the eighth inning after testing positive for COVID-19. Turner later apologized for the incident, and Commissioner of Baseball Rob Manfred announced that no actions would be taken, citing Turner's apology and admitting that "we all have made mistakes as we navigated these unprecedented challenges and have tried to learn from those mistakes so they are not repeated."

This is a document about 2012 National League Championship Series
  The 2012 National League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff pitting the San Francisco Giants against the St. Louis Cardinals for the National League pennant and the right to play in the 2012 World Series. The series, the 43rd NLCS in league history, began Sunday, October 14, and ended Monday, October 22, with Fox airing all games in the United States. In shades of the 1996 NLCS (a series where the Cardinals blew a 3–1 series lead where they were outscored 32–1 over the final three games), the Giants came back from a 3–1 deficit and outscored the Cardinals, 20–1, over the final three games to win the series, 4–3. This was the third

This is a document about 2017 in baseball
  to advance to its third straight NLCS, and the winner will travel to Los Angeles to face the Dodgers in Game 1 of the NLCS. ; In a later game, the New York Yankees advanced to the American League Championship Series with a 5–2 victory over the defending American League champion Cleveland Indians. Didi Gregorius hit a solo home run and a two-run homer in his first two plate appearances, both off Indians ace Corey Kluber, to give the Yankees an early lead. Yankees starter CC Sabathia took a shutout in the fifth, but was removed after giving four straight

This is a document about 2014 National League Championship Series
  The 2014 National League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff pitting the St. Louis Cardinals against the San Francisco Giants for the National League pennant and the right to play in the 2014 World Series. The series was the 45th NLCS in league history with Fox airing Game 1 and Fox Sports 1 airing Games 2–5 in the United States. Game 1 was simulcast on Fox Sports 1 and was hosted by Kevin Burkhardt, Gabe Kapler and C.J. Nitkowski, who offered sabermetric analysis of the game. To reach the 2014 NLCS, the Cardinals (Central Division champions, 90–72) defeated the Dodgers (West Division champions, 94–68) in the NLDS, 3 games to

This is a document about 2016 National League Championship Series
  The 2016 National League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff in which the Chicago Cubs defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers for the National League (NL) pennant and the right to play in the 2016 World Series against the Cleveland Indians. As the Division Series winner with the best regular season record in the National League, the Cubs earned home-field advantage regardless of opponent. The series was the 47th in league history. FS1 televised all of the games in the United States. The Cubs defeated the Cleveland Indians in the World Series in seven games, after overcoming a 3–1 series deficit, winning their first World Series championship in 108 years, ending the Curse of the Billy Goat.

This is a document about 2019 National League Division Series
  and 4. The Nationals would go on to defeat the Cardinals in the NLCS, for their first League pennant. They then won the 2019 World Series over the American League champion Houston Astros, for their first-ever World title. For the third straight year, Major League Baseball sold presenting sponsorships to all of its postseason series. This NLDS was sponsored by Utz and officially known as the 2019 National League Division Series presented by Utz Snacks. The Cardinals and Nationals won their respective series to advance to the Championship Series. This was the first time that both NLDS winners overcame a 2–1 series deficit in the same year.

This is a document about October 2012 in sports
 Major League Baseball postseason: ; National League Championship Series Game 7 in San Francisco, California: San Francisco Giants 9, St. Louis Cardinals 0. Giants win series 4–3. ; The Giants win their first NLCS since 2010, and their 22nd NL pennant overall. Giants infielder Marco Scutaro is named series MVP after setting a new LCS record with six multi-hit games. ; The Cardinals, the reigning World Series champion, are eliminated. Thus for the twelfth consecutive year, Major League Baseball will crown a new World Champion. ; Nippon Professional Baseball Climax Series, Final Stage: ; Central League Game 6 in Bunkyo, Tokyo: Yomiuri Giants 4, Chunichi Dragons 2. Giants win series 4–3. ; The Giants advance to the Japan Series for the first time since 2009. Giants infielder Yoshihito Ishii is named stage MVP.  <div Id="21_October_2012">

This is a document about 2021 National League Championship Series
  The 2021 National League Championship Series was the best-of-seven series in Major League Baseball (MLB) between the Atlanta Braves and the Los Angeles Dodgers, for the National League pennant and the right to play in the 2021 World Series. The Braves defeated the Dodgers in six games to advance to their first World Series since 1999. The series was played in a 2–3–2 format, with the first two and last two (if necessary) games played at the home ballpark of the higher seeded team, the Braves. TBS televised all games in the United States. The Braves would go on to defeat the American League champion Houston Astros in the World Series, 4 games to 2, to secure their first world championship since 1995.

This is a document about 2006 National League Championship Series
  The 2006 National League Championship Series (NLCS), the second round of the 2006 National League playoffs, began on October 12 and ended on October 19; it was scheduled to begin on October 11, but was postponed a day because of inclement weather. The St. Louis Cardinals defeated the heavily favored New York Mets in seven games to advance to the 2006 World Series against the Detroit Tigers. The Cardinals and the Mets took the series to the limit, reaching the 9th inning of Game 7 tied at 1–1. The Cardinals took the lead with Yadier Molina's two-run home run off Mets reliever Aaron Heilman in

This is a document about 2016 in baseball
  who pitched two innings of relief, was credited with the win and Kershaw earned the save. The Dodgers now will face the Chicago Cubs in the best-of-seven National League Championship Series starting at Wrigley Field on Saturday 15. ; October 16 - The Arizona Diamondbacks hired Mike Hazen as their new general manager and executive vice president. Tony La Russa, formerly the team's chief baseball officer, will remain as a chief baseball analyst and adviser. Hazen spent 2016 as the Boston Red Sox general manager, serving as the point man under Boston president of baseball operations Dave Dombrowski. Hazen

The St. Louis Cardinals and Washington Nationals are playing for the National League Championship in the 2019 National League Championship Series.


Question: who wrote the song i overlooked an orchid

Answer: Carl Smith

This is a document about I Overlooked an Orchid
  "I Overlooked an Orchid" is a country song that was a hit for Mickey Gilley in 1974. It was first recorded by Carl Smith in 1950, achieving only modest sales when it was released as a single through Columbia Records. Country act Johnnie & Jack recorded the song in 1962 as part of their album Smiles and Tears, then it was released as the B-side to their single "Bye Bye Love" in early 1963. Various people are credited with writing the song. Carl Smith has been named co-writer along with Arthur Q. Smith and Shirly Lyn. "Shirly Lyn" is a pseudonym of songwriter Troy Lee

This is a document about I Overlooked an Orchid
  "If Teardrops Were Pennies" for Peer-Southern, but Nickell shows that Paul Gilley wrote it, too. "I Overlooked an Orchid" was recorded by American country music artist Mickey Gilley, released in June 1974 as the second single from the album Room Full of Roses. "I Overlooked an Orchid" was Mickey Gilley's second country hit and second number one on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for a week and spent a total of fourteen weeks on the country chart. The Gilley version had a small amount of crossover interest, peaking at number 104 in the Cashbox "Looking Ahead" survey, in August 1974.

This is a document about Paul Gilley
  George Jones, and many more. Gilley handed the original lyric sheet to a neighbor girl, saying that the song would soon be heard on the radio, and that she should remember he wrote it. ; "I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry" was co-written with Carter Gibbs, and recorded in August 1949 by Hank Williams, who released it as a B-side in November. The Foggy River Boys covered the song the next year, with later notable versions from Marty Robbins (1957), Andy Williams (1959), Johnny Cash (1960), and Wanda Jackson (1965), among many others. ; "I Overlooked an Orchid" is credited to Carl

This is a document about Swinging Doors (song)
 Wanda Jackson covered this song on her 1968 album  Cream of the Crop. Mickey Gilley released this song in 1974 as a B-side to his number 1 hit I Overlooked an Orchid. ; Del Reeves released it in 1981 and peaked at number 67 in the country charts. ; Ray Price ; Faron Young ; Johnny Paycheck Released this song in July 1966 ; Willie Nelson and Merle Haggard on their duet album  Django & Jimmie. ; Terri Clark on her 2012 album Classic. ; Buck Owens ; George Jones ; Mark Chesnutt ; Agent 51

This is a document about Paul Gilley
  Herbert Paul Gilley (October 1, 1929 – June 16, 1957) was a country music lyricist and promoter from Kentucky. In his lifetime, he was little known as a songwriter, but decades after his death by drowning at age 27, he was identified more widely as likely having written the lyrics to a dozen famous songs, including two that were hits for Hank Williams: "Cold, Cold Heart" and "I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry". He may have also written "I Overlooked an Orchid", which was a number-one country hit in 1974 for Mickey Gilley (no relation). Other songs that have been attributed to Gilley include "If Teardrops Were Pennies", "Don't Let the Stars Get in Your Eyes", and "Crazy Arms". Gilley's contributions to songwriting are not widely known; he is not listed in the Oxford New Encyclopedia of Country Music published by the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, nor in Barry McCloud's Definitive Country encyclopedia. However, his hometown declared a Paul Gilley Day in 2012, and Kentucky historian W. Lynn Nickell has written a biography, Paul Gilley: The Ghost Writer in the Sky.

This is a document about Just Another Cowboy Song
 1) "Lila" (Bob Milsap) – 2:43 ; 2) "I Overlooked An Orchid" (Carl Story, Carl Smith, Shirly Lynn) – 2:58 ; 3) "Mama Lou" (Larry Murray) – 3:34 ; 4) "Darling, Are You Ever Coming Home" (Willie Nelson, Hank Cochran) – 2:10 ; 5) "Just Another Cowboy Song" (Dennis Coats) – 2:09

This is a document about List of 1940s jazz standards
 "Lush Life"   is a song written by Billy Strayhorn. ; "My Foolish Heart" is a song composed by Victor Young with lyrics by Ned Washington.

This is a document about Connie in the Country
  Connie in the Country contained ten tracks. The album was a showcase of unreleased material Smith has recorded in the RCA studios between August 22 and August 23, 1966. The album included cover versions of Loretta Lynn's "World of Forgotten People," Buck Owens's "Foolin' Around" and "Love's Gonna Live Here," and "I Overlooked an Orchid (While Searching for a Rose)." The album was issued on a 12-inch vinyl LP record, with five songs on each side of the record. The album did not receive any album reviews or ratings. The album Connie in the Country was one of several albums of new recordings by popular country stars released by RCA on its low priced Camden label (which usually reissued previously released material) to encourage country fans to start collecting the label's currently popular artists. Smith's other albums on the Camden label are reissued material from her older RCA Victor albums. The album's only single, "Cry, Cry, Cry" (not to be confused with Johnny Cash's 1955 hit of the same name) became a major hit on Billboard Magazine's Hot Country Songs chart, reaching #20, becoming Smith's first single to peak outside of the country Top 10.

This is a document about Harry Brannon
  upbeat Brannon rendition, Crosby sang his own rendition during his CBS The Bing Crosby – Chesterfield Show radio show on December 14, 1949. Brannon is known to have recorded at least two songs during his short career in music. Both were released in early 1948. One was titled "Orchids in the Snow", written by composer Edward A. Khoury, and the other was titled "I'm a Tumbleweed", written by Rusty Keefer. In March, 1954, Bing Crosby, still mourning the recent death of his wife Dixie Lee, was considering retirement. Almost immediately, plans were made by a Hollywood production company to issue a biopic of the famous crooner

This is a document about Vincent Youmans
  with lyrics by Buddy De Sylva ; "Oh Me, Oh My, Oh You" with lyrics by Ira Gershwin ; "On the Golden Trail" with lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II ; "The One Girl" with lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II ; "One Love" with lyrics by William Rose and Edward Eliscu ; "Only a Moment Ago" with lyrics by Irving Caesar and Otto Harbach ; "Open Up Your Heart" with lyrics by William Rose and Edward Eliscu ; "Orchids in the Moonlight" with lyrics by Gus Kahn and Edward Eliscu ; "Orienta" with lyrics by Ira Gershwin ; "Pay Day Pauline" with lyrics

This is a document about The Orchid
  The Orchid is an Edwardian musical comedy in two acts with music by Ivan Caryll and Lionel Monckton, a book by James T. Tanner, lyrics by Adrian Ross and Percy Greenbank, and additional numbers by Paul Rubens. The story concerns marital mix-ups and the quest of a wealthy man for a $2,000 Peruvian orchid to be sent to France. When foul play keeps the flower from reaching its destination, it is discovered that a nearly identical orchid is growing in the garden of the horticultural college. The musical opened on 26 October 1903 at London's Gaiety Theatre and ran for 559 performances. It starred Gertie Millar, Gabrielle Ray, Harry Grattan, Edmund Payne and George Grossmith, Jr. The show also had a successful Broadway run, revivals and a U.S. tour. The Orchid was the first show produced at the renovated Gaiety Theatre. King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra both attended the opening night. Some of the show's most successful songs were "Liza Ann", "Little Mary", "Pushful" and "Fancy Dress".

This is a document about Ronnie Scott
  toured Europe and included Johnny Griffin and Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis. Simultaneously he ran his octet, which included John Surman and Kenny Wheeler, and a trio with Mike Carr on keyboards and Bobby Gien on drums (1971–1975). Scott's other bands often included John Critchinson on keyboards and Martin Drew on drums. He did occasional session work, which included performing the solo on "Lady Madonna", the 1968 single by the Beatles, playing on Roy Budd's score for the film Fear Is the Key (1972), and performing the tenor sax solo on "I Missed Again", the 1981 single by Phil Collins. Charles Mingus

This is a document about Forgotten Songs and Unsung Heroes
  Forgotten Songs and Unsung Heroes is the first solo album by German-Canadian musician John Kay. It was released on Dunhill Records in 1972. Kay was well known as the lead singer of the band Steppenwolf. His first solo album contained a mixture of rock songs and country songs, including a number of covers. Kay toured in support of the album on the 1972 Steppenwolf European farewell tour. The John Kay band was the support band and would play a short set before Steppenwolf came on. Steppenwolf members George Biondo (bass/vocals) and Kent Henry (lead guitar) played in both The John Kay Band and Steppenwolf during the tour.

This is a document about Jack Strachey
  Jack Strachey (25 September 1894 – 27 May 1972) was an English composer and songwriter Born John Francis Strachey in London on 25 September 1894, he began writing songs in the 1920s for the theatre and the music hall, scoring his first success with songs he had written for Frith Shephard's long running musical revue Lady Luck which opened at The Carlton Theatre in April 1927 where it ran for 324 performances. In the 1930s, he began to collaborate with Eric Maschwitz and in 1936 Strachey, Maschwitz (using the pen name Holt Marvell), and Harry Link co-wrote "These Foolish Things (Remind Me of You)", which was to provide a top ten hit for five separate artists in 1936. Benny Goodman was among the five artists to record

This is a document about Some Hearts
  1 million ringtones and was certified Platinum, the first achievement by a country artist for two Platinum Mastertone ranked songs. As of February 2016, it has sold 2,473,000 copies in the United States and has been certified 3× Platinum by the RIAA. "Some Hearts", written by Diane Warren and originally covered by Marshall Crenshaw in 1989, was released to pop and adult contemporary radio only and eventually reached number 12 on the Adult Contemporary chart. As of June 2011 it has sold 207,000 copies. "Don't Forget to Remember Me" was the third single from the album, and also proved successful,

This is a document about Billy Rose
  known as the credited writer or co-writer of the lyrics to "Me and My Shadow," "Great Day" (with Edward Eliscu), "Does the Spearmint Lose Its Flavor on the Bedpost Overnight" (with Marty Bloom), "I Found a Million Dollar Baby" (with Mort Dixon) and "It's Only a Paper Moon" (with E. Y. Harburg). Most of Rose's lyrical credits were collaborations. Biographer Earl Conrad said, "Nobody clearly knew what he wrote or didn't write.... Publishers tend to credit him with writing the songs known to bear his name as a lyricist.... But tales rumble on ... that Billy could feed and toss in a remark and monkey

This is a document about Jesse James' Women
 Don "Red" Barry - "Careless Lover" (Music and lyrics by George Antheil) ; "In the Shadows of My Heart" (Written by Stan Jones)

This is a document about Brilliant Mistake
  "Brilliant Mistake" is a song written and performed by new wave musician Elvis Costello that was first released on his 1986 album King of America. Written about Costello's experiences in America, the song features introspective lyrics and a performance from the Confederates, who performed on the track after his usual backing band the Attractions could not perform to Costello's liking. Released on King of America as the opening track, the song has since seen positive reception from critics and has appeared on compilation albums.

This is a document about Badge (song)
  In the US, Atco Records' initial releases of Goodbye and of "Badge" as a single gave the song's writing credit to Eric Clapton alone, with publishing credit to Robert Stigwood's company Casserole (BMI). Atco later corrected in 1969 with the release of Best of Cream, which lists both Clapton and George Harrison as the song's authors. The UK single of "Badge" released by Polydor Records gave writing credit to both Clapton and Harrison, with publishing credit going to Dratleaf and Harrisongs Ltd. Since the early 1990s the writing credit has been listed as Clapton/Harrison with publishing credit going to E.C. Music, Ltd. and Harrisongs. Despite his alleged contribution to the song's lyrics, Ringo Starr is not credited as a co-author of "Badge".

This is a document about Within You Without You
  "Within You Without You" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1967 album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. Written by lead guitarist George Harrison, it was Harrison's second composition in the Indian classical style, after "Love You To", and was inspired by his stay in India in late 1966 with his mentor and sitar teacher, Ravi Shankar. Recorded in London without the other Beatles, the song features Indian instrumentation such as sitar, tambura, dilruba and tabla, and was performed by Harrison and members of the Asian Music Circle. The recording marked a significant departure from the Beatles' previous work; musically, it evokes the Indian devotional tradition, while the overtly

The song "I Overlooked an Orchid" was co-written by Carl Smith and Shirley Lee. However, it was first recorded by Mickey Gilley in 1974 and became his first country hit.


Question: how many planet fitnesses are there in the united states

Answer: 1,600

This is a document about Planet Fitness
  Planet Fitness (PFIP LLC) is an American franchisor and operator of fitness centers based in Hampton, New Hampshire. The company reports that it has 2,039 clubs, making it one of the largest fitness club franchises by number of members and locations. There are locations across the United States as well as in other countries such as Canada, Dominican Republic, Panama, and Mexico. In 2019 the franchise expanded to Australia. It markets itself as a "Judgement Free Zone" [sic] that caters to novice and casual gym users and is reported to be the nation’s fastest growing fitness center franchise.

This is a document about Planet Fitness
  The company reports that as of 2019, there are 80 corporate-owned gyms, the rest independently owned and operated. The club's two membership levels are $10 and $22.99 per month: the $10 per month level includes access to cardio and strength equipment, unlimited group fitness instruction and pizza and bagels once a month; the $22.99 per month ("Black Card") level allows members to bring one guest per day at no charge, access to all Planet Fitness locations, and access to extra amenities, such as tanning booths, massage chairs, red light therapy and water massage beds. In December 2014, Planet Fitness opened its first international location in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The second Toronto location opened in early 2015. In October 2015 the company opened their second international location in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. With the addition of a Planet Fitness outlet in Hawaii in January 2018, Planet Fitness had 1,500 locations with an estimated 10 million members across 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, and Panama and Canada. In 2016, over 90% of Planet Fitness locations were opened by existing franchise owners.

This is a document about List of health club chains
 Gold's Gym ; Planet Fitness

This is a document about Planet Fitness
   In 1992, Planet Fitness founders, Michael and Marc Grondahl acquired a struggling Gold's Gym franchise in Dover, New Hampshire. They eventually closed that original location, and brought on a third partner, current CEO Chris Rondeau. In 2002, they purchased the rights to the name Planet Fitness from Rick Berks and renamed their franchise. Berks had started his own Planet Fitness gym in 1993 in Sunrise, Florida, and eventually expanded it to three clubs, along with a Gold's Gym franchise. Berks had been catering to the bodybuilding culture in his Gold’s Gym. “I decided I didn’t want to deal with that crowd, so that’s when I opened the original Planet Fitness club in Sunrise, Florida, in 1993.” The

This is a document about Youfit
  Youfit was founded by Rick Berks with the aim of creating gyms with a welcoming atmosphere for everyday people. The first Youfit, in St. Petersburg, Florida, opened in 2008. Rick Berks created Planet Fitness in 1993 in Sunrise, Florida, and eventually expanded it to seven clubs. A former Broward Sheriff’s Office detective, he owned and operated a Gold's Gym franchise. Berks had been catering to the bodybuilding culture in his Gold’s Gym. “I decided I didn’t want to deal with that crowd, so that’s when I opened the original Planet Fitness club in Sunrise, Florida, in 1993.” The name came from his daughter’s school project, “Fitness Planet.” Michael Grondahl bought the Planet Fitness trademark from Rick Berks in 2002. In 2008, Rick Berks transformed his franchised Planet Fitness clubs to YouFit Health Clubs and grew the brand to over 100 gyms across the United States. Berks retired from YouFit in May of 2020.

This is a document about Anytime Fitness
  As of 2018, Anytime Fitness had over 4,200 gym locations and 3 million clients in more than 32 countries. Each location is open 24 hours a day, 365 days out of the year. Members have secure access to all facilities (including during unstaffed hours) with a computerized key fob. There are gym locations in all 50 US states, Canada, Mexico, Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom, Ireland, Grand Cayman, Poland, the Netherlands, Spain, Qatar, South Korea, India, Italy, Chile, Japan, Singapore, Malaysia and the Philippines. In 2016, the company had 188 employees, but its new Woodbury office can hold up to 300. Each club has a security system in place that contains cameras, recorded card swipes, and the ability to notify a security company if a patron is injured or feels unsafe. ProVision Security, an Anytime Fitness-related company, provides security.

This is a document about 24 Hour Fitness
  As of 2017, 24 Hour Fitness has over 4 million members and more than 420 clubs in 13 states, with more than 22,000 employees. Its major competitors in the US are Anytime Fitness, Gold's Gym, Aspen Fitness, and LA Fitness. The company also owns co-branded centers along with celebrities such as Lance Armstrong, Mark White, and Jackie Chan.

This is a document about Inlet Square Mall
 Belk ; Planet Fitness

This is a document about Planet Fitness
  for prohibiting certain weightlifting exercises–such as deadlifts and clean-and-jerks–that many experts believe are highly effective. In 2010, Men's Health magazine called Planet Fitness "the worst gym in America." As early as March 2015, the "Judgement Free Zone" policy has been expanded to allow trans women to use the women's locker room. The policy states that "members and guests may use all gym facilities based on their sincere self-reported gender identity." In 2003, Planet Fitness opened its first franchised location in Florida, with Eric Dore and Shane McGuiness. In the fall of 2013, TSG Consumer Partners LLC became an equity partner in the Planet Fitness franchise. Michael Grondahl, co-founder of Planet Fitness stepped down as CEO, and was

This is a document about Planet Fitness
  by Chris Rondeau. The company went public on August 6, 2015. In February 2016, the franchise was added to the Franchise Times "Fast and Serious" list of top franchises (#1), and in its 2016 ranking of franchises, Forbes magazine ranked Planet Fitness #4. It ranked in the top 50 of Entrepreneur magazine's Franchise 500 in 2017. In 2020, the company received criticism for charging its customers for March dues "despite closing its facilities nationwide due to the novel coronavirus pandemic." They stated that they were unable to stop the pre-scheduled payments on short notice, but would not charge future monthly dues until they reopen, and would also provide a credit for closed days previously paid for.

This is a document about Youfit
  There are currently over 100 Youfit locations nationwide. Florida, Arizona, Texas and Georgia have the most locations. Youfit also has health clubs in Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, California and Colorado. Beginning in 2015, Youfit has expanded further north to open locations in Rhode Island, Kentucky, Virginia and Maryland. In 2015, Youfit opened its 100th location in North Providence, Rhode Island. Youfit acquired the Miami-based Porky’s Gym chain in 2015 and converted its four locations. Youfit also acquired Energy Fitness Center of Randallstown, Maryland, in 2015.

This is a document about Youfit
  Youfit Health Clubs is a chain of American health clubs. Founded in 2008, Youfit has over 100 locations across 14 states, predominantly in the South and West. Youfit primarily caters to casual gym-goers, and offers personal training at all locations and group exercise at select locations.

This is a document about Planet Fitness
  Planet Fitness started franchising units in 2003. According to Franchise Direct, the initial franchise fee is $20,000, while the area development fee is $10,000. The royalty fee for a Planet Fitness is 7% of the total gross monthly and annual membership fees. The net worth requirement for a Planet Fitness franchise is $3,000,000, while the liquid cash requirement is $1,500,000.

This is a document about Alberto Perlman
  direct marketing via videos and TV infomercials; their effort was quite successful with 450 people signing up for an initial $300 fee and a further $30 a month to become licensed Zumba instructors. The fitness routine became popular nationally and the Zumba Instructor Network grew; they then branched into direct video sales. As of 2010, Zumba Fitness is in 50,000 locations in 75 countries. In 2012, Insight Venture Partners and the Raine Group made an investment. In 2013, Inc magazine estimated the value of the company at $500 million. By 2015, according to Perlman, there were 14 million Zumba students in 186 countries. Bolstered by steady fee income, they expanded the brand into music collections, clothing, footwear, and video games (altogether about 50% of revenues are from ancillary products).

This is a document about Chevron House
  Major tenants of Chevron House includes Planet Fitness. Planet Fitness occupies 17000 sqft of space in the building. It is primarily used as a gym, and has a mezzanine interior with large windows.

This is a document about GoodLife Fitness
  In September 2015, GoodLife Fitness announced a partnership with 24 Hour Fitness in the United States. Now GoodLife Fitness members can use over 400 locations with their Canada-Wide membership across the U.S. and vice versa.

This is a document about DW Sports Fitness
  In 2016, DW Sports Fitness acquired all 62 Fitness First clubs in the UK from Oaktree Capital Management, selling 14 of those and continuing to operate 48 under the Fitness First brand. As of August 2020 DW Sports Fitness operated 73 gyms, 43 of them under the Fitness First brand.

This is a document about Planet Fitness
  came from his daughter’s school project, “Fitness Planet.” The new model was an effort to provide a fitness hub for everyday people. Berks later went on to open the first Youfit Health Club in St. Petersburg, Florida. Rondeau and the Grondahls recognized that there was a greater opportunity to serve a much larger segment of the population if they changed the gym environment, both in attitude and format, by creating a non-intimidating, low-cost model. Planet Fitness became known as the "Judgement Free Zone," aimed more at the average user than the bodybuilder type of fitness enthusiast. They also dramatically reduced prices to compete against better-known brands. This low-cost business model focuses on the needs of occasional or

This is a document about LA Fitness
  LA Fitness (doing business as LA Fitness International LLC) is an American gym chain with more than 700 clubs across the United States and Canada. The company was formed in 1984 and is based in Irvine, California.

This is a document about Snap Fitness
  Snap Fitness was founded in 2003 by Peter Taunton. In 2004, Snap Fitness started franchising around the US. Locations were added in Australia and New Zealand in 2009. As of 2008, Snap Fitness has 910 clubs with 400,000 members in 46 states in the US. Shortly following, India, Egypt, and Mexico signed Master Franchise Agreements in 2012. By October 2014, Snap Fitness had expanded into the UK by signing an Area Developer Agreement with TwentyTwo Yards Ltd. Snap Fitness entered Spain, The Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Georgia, and the Philippines in 2015 by way of separate Master Franchise Agreements for each country. That same year, Snap

As of 2019, there are over 1,500 Planet Fitness locations in the United States.