Question: what is the meaning of lean on me by bill withers

Answer: strong community ethic

This is a document about Lean on Me (song)
  "Lean on Me" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Bill Withers. It was released in April 1972 as the first single from his second album, Still Bill. It was a number one single on both the soul singles and the Billboard Hot 100; the latter chart for three weeks in July 1972. Billboard ranked it as the No. 7 song of 1972. It is ranked number 208 on Rolling Stones list of "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time". Numerous other versions have been recorded, and it is one of only nine songs to have reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 with versions recorded by two different artists.

This is a document about Dan Shea (producer)
 Lean On Me

This is a document about Bill Withers
  'Lean on Me', an ode to the supportive power of friendship..." For the same newspaper, Alex Petridis noticed "[he] laid pain and paranoia under his deceptively gentle songs, and retired early having conquered gospel, funk, blues, disco and more." In Rolling Stone, writer Andy Greene noted that several of his songs "are embedded in the culture and have been covered countless times." Writing for The New York Times, Giovanni Russonello considered Withers "[a] soulful singer with a gift for writing understated classics", adding, "the ultimate homespun hitmaker, he had an innate sense of what might make a song memorable, and little interest in excess attitude or accoutrements. Ultimately Withers reminded us that it’s the everyday that is the most

This is a document about Lean on Me (song)
  Bill Withers's childhood in the coal mining town of Slab Fork, West Virginia, was the inspiration for "Lean on Me", which he wrote after he had moved to Los Angeles and found himself missing the strong community ethic of his hometown. He had lived in a decrepit house in the poor section of his town. Withers recalled to SongFacts the original inspiration for the song: "'I bought a little piano and I was sitting there just running my fingers up and down the piano. In the course of doing the music, that phrase crossed my mind, so then you go back and say, 'OK, I like the way that phrase, Lean On Me, sounds with this song.''" Withers stated in the

This is a document about Still Bill
  gave the record a B-plus and said, "Withers has created the most credible persona of any of the new middle-class male soul singers, avoiding Marvin Gaye's occasional vapidity, Donny Hathaway's overkill, and Curtis Mayfield's blackness-mongering. He sounds straight, strong, compassionate. This album moves out rhythmically, too, yet in the end he's still missing some essential excitement." The album produced two hit singles: "Lean on Me", which went to number 1 on the Billboard pop and R&B charts in summer of 1972; and "Use Me", which went to number two on the same charts in fall of 1972. On September 7, 1972, Still Bill was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

This is a document about Bill Withers
  of the Watts 103rd Street Rhythm Band. Withers won a Grammy Award for Best R&B Song for "Ain't No Sunshine" at the 14th Annual Grammy Awards in 1972. The track had already sold over one million copies and was awarded a gold disc by the RIAA in September 1971. During a hiatus from touring, Withers recorded his second album, Still Bill. The single, "Lean on Me" went to number one the week of July 8, 1972. It was Withers's second gold single with confirmed sales in excess of three million. His follow-up, "Use Me" released in August 1972, became his third million seller, with the R.I.A.A. gold disc award taking place on October 12, 1972. His performance at Carnegie Hall on October 6, 1972, was recorded, and released as the

This is a document about The Edge (Ike Turner album)
  Reviewing the Tina Turner mini-album for Billboard, Nelson George noted that Turner's "interpretations of two Bill Withers classics 'Lean On Me' and 'Use Me,' were the stand stand out" tracks. He added that on 'Lean On Me,' Tina, with more than a little help from Ike's clever rearrangement, turns Withers' mid-tempo tribute to friendship into a frenzied gospel song."

This is a document about Men of Vizion
 Lean on Me (1989)

This is a document about Mud (band)
  to reach the British charts was a cover of the Bill Withers song "Lean on Me" which reached No. 7 in the UK in December 1976. This was followed by Gray's solo version of "Groovy Kind of Love" on Warner Bros., which peaked at No. 32 in the UK. In 1977, with Private Stock in financial difficulties, the band moved to RCA. Their first single on that label was "Slow Talking Boy", a folk rock song composed by John Kongos, and featuring Davis playing a Vox 12-string guitar-mandolin; they performed this song on BBC TV's Top of the Pops, but without reaping any chart success. Mud's

This is a document about Lean on Me (film)
  Lean on Me is a 1989 American biographical drama film written by Michael Schiffer, directed by John G. Avildsen and starring Morgan Freeman. It is based on the story of Joe Louis Clark, a real life inner city high school principal in Paterson, New Jersey, whose school is in danger of being placed into receivership of the New Jersey state government unless students improve their test scores on the New Jersey Minimum Basic Skills Test. This film's title refers to the 1972 Bill Withers song of the same name, which is used in the film. Parts of the film, including the elementary school scenes, were filmed in Franklin Lakes, New Jersey.

This is a document about One in a Million (Aaliyah album)
  Rick". For the eighth track "4 Page Letter", Aaliyah tells her "crush to keep an eye out for the mailman" because she has sent him a love letter; also on the song she recalls and follows her parents' advice. The ninth track "Everything's Gonna Be Alright" has been described as a "carefree anthem for the summertime block party", while the tenth track "Giving You More" is described as being a suggestive song with Aaliyah playing a "reassuring lover". The eleventh track "I Gotcha' Back" has been described as a "jeep-friendly" G-funk mid-tempo song and it contains an interpolation from the song "Lean on Me" performed by Bill Withers. On "I Gotcha' Back",

This is a document about Song Sung Blue (album)
  record, "Lean on Me" by Bill Withers had its best showing on the pop chart with three weeks at number one compared to just one week at the top of the R&B chart and peak positions at number four Easy Listening and number 18 UK. The first chart appearance of "How Can I Be Sure" was by The Young Rascals, who took the song to number four on the Billboard Hot 100. "Run to Me" by The Bee Gees made it to number 16 on that same chart as well as number six Easy Listening. Diamond's Gold record "Song Sung

This is a document about Rock 'n' Roll with Me
  The song was composed at Bowie's house located on Oakley Street, London, after Warren Peace (Geoff MacCormack) started playing chords on his piano. Bowie and Peace were inspired by Fats Domino and Little Richard, two rhythm and blues musicians they listened to during their childhood. Musically, the song is a power ballad with a nod to soul music, specifically recalling Bill Withers' "Lean on Me" from 1972 in the piano intro.

This is a document about Lean on Me (Cheat Codes song)
  Tinashe told Elite Daily: “This song is really on brand with everything we're going through, I think that's probably why I connected with it so much. I think we've all been through quite the year and we've all had ups and downs. It's really rewarding to see the type of people who have come through for us and have been there for us. It's all about friendship and love, and those types of relationships that have really kept us all going." "Lean on Me" is a song for fans who have felt isolated amid the COVID-19 pandemic, and talks about the importance of friendship.

This is a document about New jack swing
  Club Nouveau had a Billboard number one single with their Go-go cover of Bill Withers's song "Lean on Me" in 1987. The song won a Grammy award later that year. The song was included on the group's debut album Life, Love & Pain, which was released in 1986. The backing track uses a sequenced swing beat, characteristic of the digital go-go style. Club Nouveau was a later incarnation of the San Francisco Bay Area group Timex Social Club. The term "new jack swing" was coined in an October 18, 1987, Village Voice profile of Teddy Riley by Barry Michael Cooper. "New Jack" was a slang term

This is a document about Live at Carnegie Hall (Bill Withers album)
 1) "I Can't Write Left Handed" (Withers, Ray Jackson) – 6:52 ; 2) "Lean On Me" – 5:47 ; 3) "Lonely Town Lonely Street" – 3:54 ; 4) "Hope She'll Be Happier" – 4:23

This is a document about Bill Withers
  Withers was known for his "smooth" baritone vocals and "sumptuous" soul arrangements. He wrote some of the most covered songs of the 1970s, including "Lean on Me" and "Ain't No Sunshine". The former entered the Hot 100 chart through multiple versions, including Club Nouveau's 1987 cover, which made the composition one of nine songs to have led the chart via different acts. With "Lovely Day", he set the record for the longest sustained note on a chart hit on American charts, holding a high E for 18 seconds. Editors from The Guardian considered that Withers' songs are "some of the most beloved in the American songbook," citing, "'Ain't No Sunshine' is regarded as one of the all-time great breakup tracks,

This is a document about Stronger Together, Tous Ensemble
 Tyler Shaw ; Fefe Dobson ; Johnny Orlando ; Michael Bublé ; Justin Bieber ; Sarah McLachlan ; The Tenors ; Avril Lavigne ; Bryan Adams ; Command Sisters ; Serena Ryder ; Geddy Lee ; Buffy Sainte-Marie ; Jann Arden ; Marie-Mai ; Walk off the Earth ; Dan Kanter ; Desiire ; Donovan Woods ; Josh Ramsay ; Olivia Lunny ; Jules Halpern ; Scott Helman ; Ryland James ; Shawn Hook ; TIKA ; Bad Child Near the end of the broadcast, twenty-seven artists collaborated on a bilingual rendition of "Lean on Me" as a tribute to Bill Withers. The rendition is a product of an initiative by Tyler Shaw and Fefe Dobson called ArtistsCAN, and was released separately to raise funds for the Canadian Red Cross.

This is a document about Geddy Lee
  song "Roundabout." In 2018, Lee published Geddy Lee's Big Beautiful Book of Bass, which highlights his collection of over 250 basses along with interviews with some of the leading bass players and bass technicians. In 2020, Lee provided guest vocals to an all-star Canadian rendition of the late Bill Withers song "Lean on Me" during the TV special Stronger Together, Tous Ensemble, a Canadian benefit performance simulcast by every major television network in Canada as a benefit for Food Banks Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. In September 2021, Barenaked Ladies frontman Ed Robertson revealed that Barenaked Ladies are working on a "secret project" with Lee.

This is a document about Lean on Me (Kirk Franklin song)
  "Lean on Me" is a song by American gospel artist Kirk Franklin. Released in 1998, the song greatly helped ascend Kirk Franklin's album The Nu Nation Project. The Nu Nation Project went on to top the Billboard Contemporary Christian Albums chart for 23 weeks and the Billboard Gospel Albums chart for 49 weeks, and brought Franklin his third Grammy.

"Lean on Me" by Bill Withers is a song about the power of friendship and support during difficult times. The lyrics encourage listeners to lean on each other for strength and comfort, as Withers himself had done when he moved from his childhood home in West Virginia to Los Angeles. The song's simple yet powerful message has resonated with audiences and has been covered and sampled by various artists.


Question: who plays summer on the young and restless

Answer: Hunter Haley King

This is a document about Adam Newman
  let go from the soap was because Muhney had sexually harassed co-star Hunter King (who portrays Summer Newman). The site wrote: "38-year-old Muhney allegedly bullied and harassed 20-year-old Hunter King, who plays Summer on the show. She went to higher-ups and complained recently Muhney had fondled her breasts on 2 occasions — and she said both were unsolicited and unwanted." The rumor generated significant negative publicity for the soap opera; Margaret Eby of the New York Daily News wrote, "The set of "The Young and the Restless" may have turned into a real life soap opera thanks to star Michael Muhney, who was allegedly fired

This is a document about Summer Newman
  The role was initially portrayed by various sets of twins. They included Elara and Rhea Kerwin (nieces of director James Kerwin) from December 29, 2006 to June 20, 2008, Bianca and Chiara D'Ambrosio from July 22 to November 12, 2008, and Sophia and Angelia Hert until 2009. The character was then rapidly aged for the first time, with child actress Samantha Bailey assuming the role on June 9, 2009. Bailey made her final appearance on May 4, 2012. On May 11, 2012, it was announced the Lindsay Bushman had been cast in the role of the teenage Summer. Bushman made her first appearance on June

This is a document about Summer Newman
  character was rapidly aged to a teenager, with actress Lindsay Bushman assuming the role. However, Bushman was let go months into her debut and replaced by King. Summer was later involved in a cyberbullying plot with Fenmore Baldwin (Max Ehrich) and Jamie Vernon (Daniel Polo). Bailey has received critical acclaim for her portrayal, which has garnered her a Young Artist Award. King has also received critical acclaim for her portrayal, which has garnered nominations for a Young Artist Award and two Daytime Emmy Awards. King won the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series in 2014 and 2015 for her role as Summer.

This is a document about Summer Newman
  Summer Newman is a fictional character from The Young and the Restless, an American soap opera on the CBS network. Created by head writers Lynn Marie Latham and Kay Alden, the role is currently portrayed by Hunter King. The character was introduced during the episode airing on December 19, 2006, as the daughter of Phyllis Summers (Michelle Stafford) and Nicholas Newman (Joshua Morrow), but for one year was believed to be the daughter of Jack Abbott (Peter Bergman) because of Sharon Newman, Nick's former wife, tampering with the paternity test results. The role was first portrayed by a series of child actors, including Samantha Bailey. In 2012,

This is a document about Hunter King
  the CBS Daytime soap opera as Summer Newman, replacing Lindsay Bushman. King's performance in the role earned her a nomination for the Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Daytime TV Series - Young Actress, losing out to her Y&R predecessor Samantha Bailey. King was also nominated for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series in 2013, losing out to Kristen Alderson before winning the following year, beating out Alderson, Linsey Godfrey, Kim Matula and Kelly Missal. In 2013, it was reported that King accused her Y&R co-star Michael Muhney of allegedly groping her. Radar Online

This is a document about Lindsay Bushman
  Lindsay Bushman (born May 3, 1994) is an American actress who is best known for her role on The Young and the Restless as Summer Newman.

This is a document about Summer Newman
  her the Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Daytime TV Series - Young Actress beating Kings's performance in the role. King was also nominated for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series in 2013, losing out to Kristen Alderson before winning the following year, beating out Alderson, Linsey Godfrey, Kim Matula and Kelly Missal. Viewers have often questioned Summer's paternity. On March 21, 2013, Zap2it ran a poll asking fans if they believed Summer was an Abbott or a Newman, and an overwhelming 76% (1,928 voters) concluded that Summer was an Abbott.

This is a document about Marie Wilson (soap opera actress)
  1986–89. In April 2010, following the cancellation of the series, it was announced that Wilson would exit the series prior to its September 2010 finale. In 2012, Wilson guest starred in the CBS crime drama Criminal Minds. In October 2014, she joined the cast of NBC soap opera, Days of Our Lives in the recurring role of Bree Tjaden, which she held until early 2015. In October 2015, it was announced she would again appear on Days of Our Lives, this time in a newly created role. Wilson made her first appearance as Summer on February 5, 2016. She departed later in the year, but returned briefly in January 2020.

This is a document about List of The Young and the Restless characters (2013)
  Courtney Sloane, portrayed by Kelli Goss, made her first appearance on April 10, 2013, as the best friend of Summer Newman (Hunter King). Speculation had first arose in September 2012 that Goss could be up for the role of Summer, but the role was given to King. Goss had previously appeared on Hollywood Heights as the friend of King's character. Rumors of Goss's casting circulated in March 2013; CBS Sports listed her as a cast member. The casting was later confirmed by Soap Opera Digest. The character has been well received by critics. In April 2015, the actress confirmed her departure from the series. Goss thanked the

This is a document about Michael Muhney
  because I've always been outspoken, and sometimes I've been too outspoken. Sometimes I've walked around with a big backpack full of hubris. That is entirely on me. CBS, Sony, and Jill Phelps are not to blame for that." Muhney also said that the writers were planning to "take a break from Adam for 3 to 6 months" and then recast the role. In January 2014, celebrity tabloid TMZ reported that Muhney was allegedly let go from the soap was because Muhney had sexually harassed co-star Hunter King (who portrays Summer Newman). The rumor generated significant negative publicity for the soap opera; Margaret Eby of the New York

This is a document about Hunter King
  cast in A Girl Like Her (originally named The Bully Chronicles) as Avery Keller, and was cast on the CBS comedy series Life in Pieces as Clementine. Initially a recurring role in season one, she was promoted to series regular for second season, leaving The Young and the Restless as regular cast member. In May 2018, TVLine announced that King would come back to The Young and the Restless as Summer as a contract cast member starting June 4, 2018. King was able to work on both her shows because an understudy took over her role as Summer for several episodes.

This is a document about Lindsay Bushman
  She made her feature film debut in the film Hello Herman. On May 11, 2012, it was announced the Bushman had been cast in the role of the Summer Newman in The Young and the Restless. Bushman made her first appearance on June 8, 2012 on a recurring basis. Nelson Branco of TV Guide Canada announced the news of Bushman's departure in his magazine, Soap Opera Uncensored in September 2012. Bushman had a small bit role on General Hospital as a young Kate Howard in a flashback. Bushman revealed that she got the audition thanks to her agent and booked the role after a few callbacks and chemistry reads.

This is a document about The O.C. (season 4)
  The fourth season had star billing for eight major roles. Rachel Bilson as Summer, Adam Brody as Seth, Melinda Clarke as Julie, Peter Gallagher as Sandy, Benjamin McKenzie as Ryan, and Kelly Rowan as Kirsten all returned to the main cast. Former main cast member Mischa Barton did not return because her character, Marissa, died in the third season finale. Autumn Reeser as recent high school graduate Taylor Townsend, and Willa Holland as Marissa's younger sister Kaitlin both joined the main cast, having previously held recurring roles. Other cast members returning in recurring roles include Cam Gigandet as Volchok, Erin Foster as Heather, Michael Nouri as Summer's father Dr. Neil Roberts, Paula Trickey as Taylor's mother Veronica, and Ashley Hartman who starred as Holly Fischer in the first season. Additionally

This is a document about Wentworth (TV series)
  Summers (season 1–2) ; Lynette Curran as Rita Bennett (seasons 1–2) ; Jada Alberts as Toni Goodes (seasons 1–2) ; Annie Jones as Rachel Sanger (seasons 1–2) ; Scott Parmeter as Chris Bakula (seasons 1–3) ; Jake Ryan as Harry Smith (recurring seasons 1–2; cameo season 3) ; Ally Fowler as Simone "Simmo" Slater (recurring seasons 1–2; cameo season 3) ; Steve Le Marquand as Colin Bates (season 2) ; Tony Briggs as Steve Faulkner (season 2) ; Katherine Halliday as Sarah Briggs (season 2) ; Kathryn Beck as Sky Pierson (season 2) ; Kasia Kaczmarek as Lindsay Coulter (seasons 2–3) ; Bessie Holland as Stella Radic (seasons

This is a document about Ronan Malloy
  she really was falling in love with Ronan and then he ended things with her so abruptly, but she did not believe him." Additionally, she noted that she was only with Ronan not to get close, but ended up falling for him." However, they did end up reconnecting the following year. She was married to Nick at the time and cheated on him with Ronan; Phyllis later regretted this, feeling like she had made a huge mistake. Phyllis' daughter Summer (Haley King) walked in on them having sex, and despises Ronan and her mother because of this. Luke Kerr of Zap2It noted that "Ronan, unlike her husband, had been there for her" while she was facing trial for nearly killing

This is a document about List of Days of Our Lives characters (2010s)
  Summer Townsend is a fictional character from the American NBC Daytime soap opera Days of Our Lives, portrayed by former Port Charles and As the World Turns actress Marie Wilson. Wilson previously played the recurring role of Bree Tjaden on the soap from October 31, 2014, until February 9, 2015. In October 2015, Wilson was announced to return on Days of Our Lives in a newly created role. Wilson made her first appearance as Summer on February 2, 2016. One month after her debuted aired, it was revealed that Wilson was among four actors let go from the show, following the departures of head writers Josh Griffith and Beth Milstein. Wilson last aired on July 29, 2016. The character reappeared in a one-off guest appearance on January 21, 2020, in a special Mother's Day flashback episode to heatedly tell her mother Maggie Kiriakis she was dying of cirrosis of the liver. She blamed Maggie for her alcoholism and flaunted alcohol in her face.

This is a document about Summer Hoyland
  for the role instead. Lucas came to the attention of the producers when she came second in Dolly magazine's "Neighbours Next Big Stars" competition. She then successfully auditioned for the role of Summer. During an interview with Network Ten Lucas said of her casting, "I would have never of thought that this would be happening, I would have never ever-ever imagined in a million years that I would be playing a role that I used to watch on TV years ago, it's really surreal." She also added "There was a lot of pressure taking on a role that was already played by Marisa Siketa, I watched footage back and she did a really good job

This is a document about Lauren Fenmore
  locates a woman claiming to be Sheila in Genoa City; she underwent plastic surgery to look like Lauren's best friend Phyllis Summers (Michelle Stafford). Paul holds Sheila captive in a cage she created herself to entrap Fenmore. Sheila manages to escape and kidnaps Phyllis, her daughter Summer Newman (Hunter King) and Fenmore. Lauren frantically worries and eventually tracks down Sheila, Phyllis, Summer and Fenmore. Lauren shoots Sheila and resumes her peaceful life with Michael and Fenmore. In the following years Lauren helps Michael deal with his father River Baldwin (Michael Gross) and sister Eden Gerick (Vanessa Marano), who return

This is a document about Boyd Hoyland
  loving. In 2005, Boyd was diagnosed with adolescent schizophrenia. Following some erratic behaviour, Boyd becomes "terrified" that he has the condition. His diagnosis comes about after he mentions to his sister, Summer (Marisa Siketa), that he has arranged to meet their mother. Marsh told Inside Soap's Jason Herbison that Summer "freaks out" because their mother has been dead for years and when she tries to tell Boyd this, he does not listen. Summer becomes concerned and she follows Boyd into the bush, where he believes their mother is waiting. She begs him to stop and insists their mother is dead. Boyd becomes confused and when he realises she is right, it is upsetting for him.

This is a document about Faith Newman
  to be Nick's half-brother. Nick and Sharon become engaged again, and Faith meets her sister, Mariah Copeland (Camryn Grimes). The engagement ends when Nick learns that Sharon (while off her medication) had tampered with a DNA test and led him to believe that he was not the father of Summer Newman (Hunter King). Another custody dispute ensues between Nick and Sharon, with Nick using Sharon's mental health struggles to win full custody of Faith. After reverting to joint custody, their relationship turns hostile again when it is revealed that Sharon had been raising what was believed to be Nick's son, Christian Newman

Hunter King currently plays the role of Summer Newman on "The Young and the Restless."


Question: what is the primary component of the cytosol

Answer: the cytoplasm

This is a document about Cytosol
  The proportion of cell volume that is cytosol varies: for example while this compartment forms the bulk of cell structure in bacteria, in plant cells the main compartment is the large central vacuole. The cytosol consists mostly of water, dissolved ions, small molecules, and large water-soluble molecules (such as proteins). The majority of these non-protein molecules have a molecular mass of less than 300 Da. This mixture of small molecules is extraordinarily complex, as the variety of molecules that are involved in metabolism (the metabolites) is immense. For example, up to 200,000 different small molecules might be made in plants, although not all these will be present in the same species, or in a single cell. Estimates of the number of metabolites in single cells such as E. coli and baker's yeast predict that under 1,000 are made.

This is a document about Endoplasm
  The cytosol makes up the semifluid portion of the endoplasm, in which materials are suspended. It is a concentrated aqueous gel with molecules so crowded and packed together within the water base that its behavior is more gel-like than liquid. It is water based but contains both small and large molecules, giving it density. It has several functions, including physical support of the cell, preventing collapse, as well as degrading nutrients, transport of small molecules, and containing the ribosomes responsible for protein synthesis. Cytosol contains predominantly water, but also has a complex mixture of large hydrophilic molecules, smaller molecules and proteins, and dissolved ions. The contents of the cytosol change based on the needs of the cell. Not to be confused with the cytoplasm, the cytosol is only the gel matrix of the cell which does not include many of the macromolecules essential to cellular function.

This is a document about Cytosol
   The cytosol, also known as cytoplasmic matrix or groundplasm, is one of the liquids found inside cells (intracellular fluid (ICF)). It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments. In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is surrounded by the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. The cytosol is thus a liquid matrix around the organelles. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others take place within organelles. The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water

This is a document about Cell (biology)
  All cells, whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic, have a membrane that envelops the cell, regulates what moves in and out (selectively permeable), and maintains the electric potential of the cell. Inside the membrane, the cytoplasm takes up most of the cell's volume. All cells (except red blood cells which lack a cell nucleus and most organelles to accommodate maximum space for hemoglobin) possess DNA, the hereditary material of genes, and RNA, containing the information necessary to build various proteins such as enzymes, the cell's primary machinery. There are also other kinds of biomolecules in cells. This article lists these primary cellular components, then briefly describes their function.

This is a document about Cytoplasm
  The cytosol is the portion of the cytoplasm not contained within membrane-bound organelles. Cytosol makes up about 70% of the cell volume and is a complex mixture of cytoskeleton filaments, dissolved molecules, and water. The cytosol's filaments include the protein filaments such as actin filaments and microtubules that make up the cytoskeleton, as well as soluble proteins and small structures such as ribosomes, proteasomes, and the mysterious vault complexes. The inner, granular and more fluid portion of the cytoplasm is referred to as endoplasm. Due to this network of fibres and high concentrations of dissolved macromolecules, such as proteins, an effect called macromolecular crowding occurs and the cytosol does not act as an ideal solution. This crowding effect alters how the components of the cytosol interact with each other.

This is a document about Cytosol
  the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium in the cytosol are different to those in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding. Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together and take part in metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.

This is a document about Cytoplasm
  In cell biology, the cytoplasm is all of the material within a eukaryotic cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, except for the cell nucleus. The material inside the nucleus and contained within the nuclear membrane is termed the nucleoplasm. The main components of the cytoplasm are cytosol (a gel-like substance), the organelles (the cell's internal sub-structures), and various cytoplasmic inclusions. The cytoplasm is about 80% water and is usually colorless. The submicroscopic ground cell substance, or cytoplasmic matrix which remains after exclusion of the cell organelles and particles is groundplasm. It is the hyaloplasm of light microscopy, a highly complex, polyphasic system in which all of resolvable cytoplasmic elements of are suspended, including the larger organelles such as the ribosomes, mitochondria, the plant plastids, lipid droplets, and vacuoles. Most cellular activities take place within the cytoplasm, such as many metabolic pathways including glycolysis, and processes such as cell division. The concentrated inner area is called the endoplasm and the outer layer is called the cell cortex or the ectoplasm. Movement of calcium ions in and out of the cytoplasm is a signaling activity for metabolic processes. In plants, movement of the cytoplasm around vacuoles is known as cytoplasmic streaming.

This is a document about Cytoplasm
  The three major elements of the cytoplasm are the cytosol, organelles and inclusions.

This is a document about Natural product
  Primary metabolites as defined by Kossel are components of basic metabolic pathways that are required for life. They are associated with essential cellular functions such as nutrient assimilation, energy production, and growth/development. They have a wide species distribution that span many phyla and frequently more than one kingdom. Primary metabolites include carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, and nucleic acids which are the basic building blocks of life. Primary metabolites that are involved with energy production include respiratory and photosynthetic enzymes. Enzymes in turn are composed of amino acids and often non-peptidic cofactors that are essential for enzyme function. The basic structure of cells and of organisms are also composed of primary metabolites. These include cell membranes (e.g. phospholipids), cell walls (e.g. peptidoglycan, chitin), and cytoskeletons (proteins). Primary metabolite enzymatic

This is a document about Biological system
 Nucleus (eukaryotic only): storage of genetic material; control center of the cell. ; Cytosol: component of the cytoplasm consisting of jelly-like fluid in which organelles are suspended within ; Cell membrane (plasma membrane): ; Endoplasmic reticulum: outer part of the nuclear envelope forming a continuous channel used for transportation; consists of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum ; Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER): considered "rough" due to the ribosomes attached to the channeling; made up of cisternae that allow for protein production ; Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER): storage and synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones as well as detoxification ; Ribosome: site of biological protein synthesis essential for internal activity and cannot be reproduced in other organs ; Mitochondrion (mitochondria): powerhouse of the cell; site of cellular respiration producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate) ; Lysosome: center of breakdown for unwanted/unneeded material within the cell ; Peroxisome: breaks down toxic materials from the contained digestive enzymes such as H2O2(hydrogen peroxide) ; Golgi apparatus (eukaryotic only): folded network involved in modification, transport, and secretion ; Chloroplast: site of photosynthesis; storage of chlorophyll The exact components of a cell are determined by whether the cell is a eukaryote or prokaryote.

This is a document about Endocytosis
  containing electron dense material. They have a high content of lysosomal membrane proteins and active lysosomal hydrolases, but no mannose-6-phosphate receptor. They are generally regarded as the principal hydrolytic compartment of the cell. The endocytic pathway of mammalian cells consists of distinct membrane compartments, which internalize molecules from the plasma membrane and recycle them back to the surface (as in early endosomes and recycling endosomes), or sort them to degradation (as in late endosomes and lysosomes). The principal components of the endocytic pathway are: It was recently found that an eisosome serves as a portal of endocytosis in yeast.

This is a document about Lipid
  Eukaryotic cells feature the compartmentalized membrane-bound organelles that carry out different biological functions. The glycerophospholipids are the main structural component of biological membranes, as the cellular plasma membrane and the intracellular membranes of organelles; in animal cells, the plasma membrane physically separates the intracellular components from the extracellular environment. The glycerophospholipids are amphipathic molecules (containing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions) that contain a glycerol core linked to two fatty acid-derived "tails" by ester linkages and to one "head" group by a phosphate ester linkage. While glycerophospholipids are the major component of biological membranes, other non-glyceride lipid components such as sphingomyelin and sterols (mainly cholesterol

This is a document about Centrosome cycle
   Centrosomes are the major microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) in mammalian cells. Failure of centrosome regulation can cause mistakes in chromosome segregation and is associated with aneuploidy. A centrosome is composed of two orthogonal cylindrical proteins, called centrioles, which are surrounded by an electron and protein dense amorphous cloud of pericentriolar material (PCM). The PCM is essential for nucleation and organization of microtubules. The centrosome cycle is important to ensure that daughter cells receive a centrosome after cell division. As the cell cycle progresses, the centrosome undergoes a series of morphological and functional changes. Initiation of the centrosome cycle occurs early in the cell cycle in order to have two centrosomes by the time mitosis occurs. Since the centrosome organizes the microtubules of a

This is a document about Outline of cell biology
  important to the cell. A signal cascade is usually initiated, altering the behavior of the cell (see cell signaling). ; Cytoskeleton – A cellular "scaffolding" or "skeleton" contained within the cytoplasm that is composed of three types of fibers: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. ; Cytoplasm – A gelatinous, semi-transparent fluid that fills most cells, it includes all cytosol, organelles and cytoplasmic inclusions. ; Cytosol – It is the internal fluid of the cell, and where a portion of cell metabolism occurs. ; Inclusions – A chemical substances found suspended directly in the cytosol. ; Photosystem – They are functional and structural units of protein complexes involved in photosynthesis that together carry out the primary photochemistry of photosynthesis: the absorption of light and the transfer of energy and electrons. They are

This is a document about Cell (biology)
  has two forms: the rough ER, which has ribosomes on its surface that secrete proteins into the ER, and the smooth ER, which lacks ribosomes. The smooth ER plays a role in calcium sequestration and release. ; Golgi apparatus: The primary function of the Golgi apparatus is to process and package the macromolecules such as proteins and lipids that are synthesized by the cell. ; Lysosomes and peroxisomes: Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes (acid hydrolases). They digest excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria. Peroxisomes have enzymes that rid the cell of toxic peroxides. The cell could not house these destructive enzymes if they were not contained in a membrane-bound system. ; Centrosome: the cytoskeleton organiser: The centrosome produces the microtubules

This is a document about Cell (biology)
  a cell – a key component of the cytoskeleton. It directs the transport through the ER and the Golgi apparatus. Centrosomes are composed of two centrioles, which separate during cell division and help in the formation of the mitotic spindle. A single centrosome is present in the animal cells. They are also found in some fungi and algae cells. ; Vacuoles: Vacuoles sequester waste products and in plant cells store water. They are often described as liquid filled space and are surrounded by a membrane. Some cells, most notably Amoeba, have contractile vacuoles, which can pump water out of the cell if there is too much water. The vacuoles of plant cells and fungal cells are usually larger than those of animal cells.

This is a document about Cytosol
  Most of the cytosol is water, which makes up about 70% of the total volume of a typical cell. The pH of the intracellular fluid is 7.4. while human cytosolic pH ranges between 7.0–7.4, and is usually higher if a cell is growing. The viscosity of cytoplasm is roughly the same as pure water, although diffusion of small molecules through this liquid is about fourfold slower than in pure water, due mostly to collisions with the large numbers of macromolecules in the cytosol. Studies in the brine shrimp have examined how water affects cell functions; these saw that a 20% reduction in the amount of water in a cell inhibits metabolism, with metabolism decreasing progressively as the cell dries out and all metabolic activity

This is a document about Spermatocyte
  Primary cilia are common organelles found in eukaryotic cells; they play an important role in development of animals. Drosophila have unique properties in their spermatocyte primary cilia—they are assembled by four centrioles independently in the G2 phase and are sensitive to microtubule-targeting drugs. Normally, primary cilia will develop from one centriole in the G0/G1 phase and are not affected by microtubule targeting drugs. Mesostoma ehrenbergii is a rhabdocoel flatworm with a distinctive male meiosis stage within the formation of spermatocytes. During the pre-anaphase stage, cleavage furrows are formed in the spermatocyte cells containing four univalent chromosomes. By the end of the anaphase stage, there is one at each pole moving between the spindle poles without actually having physical interactions with one another (also known as distance segregation). These unique traits allow researchers to study the force created by the spindle poles to allow the chromosomes to move, cleavage furrow management and distance segregation.

This is a document about Malate-aspartate shuttle
  The primary enzyme in the malate-aspartate shuttle is malate dehydrogenase. Malate dehydrogenase is present in two forms in the shuttle system: mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase and cytosolic malate dehydrogenase. The two malate dehydrogenases are differentiated by their location and structure, and catalyze their reactions in opposite directions in this process. First, in the cytosol, malate dehydrogenase catalyses the reaction of oxaloacetate and NADH to produce malate and NAD+. In this process, two electrons generated from NADH, and an accompanying H+, are attached to oxaloacetate to form malate. Once malate is formed, the first antiporter (malate-alpha-ketoglutarate) imports the malate from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix and also exports alpha-ketoglutarate from the matrix into

This is a document about Cytosol
  The concentrations of the other ions in cytosol are quite different from those in extracellular fluid and the cytosol also contains much higher amounts of charged macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids than the outside of the cell structure. In contrast to extracellular fluid, cytosol has a high concentration of potassium ions and a low concentration of sodium ions. This difference in ion concentrations is critical for osmoregulation, since if the ion levels were the same inside a cell as outside, water would enter constantly by osmosis - since the levels of macromolecules inside cells are higher than their levels outside. Instead, sodium ions are expelled

The primary component of the cytosol is water.


Question: when was the book gone with the wind written

Answer: 1936

This is a document about Gone with the Wind (novel)
  class did not work. After divorcing her first husband, she married again to a man who shared her interest in writing and literature. He had been the best man at her first wedding. Margaret Mitchell began writing Gone with the Wind in 1926 to pass the time while recovering from a slow-healing injury from an auto crash. In April 1935, Harold Latham of Macmillan, an editor looking for new fiction, read her manuscript and saw that it could be a best-seller. After Latham agreed to publish the book, Mitchell worked for another six months checking the historical references and rewriting the opening chapter several times. Mitchell and her husband John Marsh, a copy editor by trade, edited the final version of the novel. Mitchell wrote the book's final moments first and then wrote the events that led to them. Gone with the Wind was published in June 1936.

This is a document about Gone with the Wind (novel)
  The first printing of 10,000 copies contains the original publication date: "Published May, 1936". After the book was chosen as the Book-of-the-Month Club's selection for July, the publication was delayed until June 30. The second printing of 25,000 copies (and subsequent printings) contains the release date: "Published June, 1936." The third printing of 15,000 copies was made in June 1936. Additionally, 50,000 copies were printed for the Book-of-the-Month Club July selection. Gone with the Wind was officially released to the American public on June 30, 1936.

This is a document about Georgian Terrace Hotel
  American Civil War and Reconstruction. After several failed attempts to obtain the manuscript from Marsh, Latham finally succeeded in getting it from her in the lobby of the hotel as he was about to depart for New Orleans. Upon handing the manuscript to Latham, Marsh said, "If you really want it you may take it, but it is incomplete and unrevised." That unfinished novel was completed and published in 1936 as Gone with the Wind, winning the Pulitzer Prize in 1937. While she insisted on using her married name socially, the book was published under her maiden name of Margaret Mitchell. On December 15, 1939, the Georgian

This is a document about Gone with the Wind (novel)
  Gone with the Wind is a novel by American writer Margaret Mitchell, first published in 1936. The story is set in Clayton County and Atlanta, both in Georgia, during the American Civil War and Reconstruction Era. It depicts the struggles of young Scarlett O'Hara, the spoiled daughter of a well-to-do plantation owner, who must use every means at her disposal to claw her way out of poverty following Sherman's destructive "March to the Sea". This historical novel features a coming-of-age story, with the title taken from the poem “Non Sum Qualis eram Bonae Sub Regno Cynarae”, written by Ernest Dowson. Gone with the Wind was popular with American readers from the outset and was the top American fiction bestseller in 1936 and 1937. As of 2014, a Harris poll found

This is a document about Gone with the Wind (novel)
  Gone with the Wind takes place in the state of Georgia during the American Civil War (1861–1865) and the Reconstruction Era (1865–1877). The novel opens on the eve of a rebellion in which seven southern states – including Georgia – declared their secession from the United States (the "Union") over a desire to continue the institution of slavery, which was the economic engine of the South. The story begins on April 15, 1861, on a plantation owned by the family of wealthy Irish immigrant Gerald O'Hara. The oldest of the three O'Hara daughters, 16-year-old Scarlett is willful, witty, and intelligent though uninterested in schooling. She is described in

This is a document about Gone with the Wind (novel)
  Gone with the Wind has been in the public domain in Australia since 1999 (50 years after Margaret Mitchell's death). On 1 January 2020, the book entered the public domain in the European Union (70 years after the author's death). Under an extension of copyright law, Gone with the Wind will not enter the public domain in the United States until 2031.

This is a document about Mary Ann Harris Gay
  book Prose and Poetry (1858) after the war and marketed it "aggressively" in order to support her family. The book came to the attention of Mark Twain, who quoted it "with disdain" in Chapter 21 of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876). He wrote that Gay's work was "after the school-girl pattern." In 1892 Gay published her war memoir Life in Dixie During the War based on her memories, her half-sister Missouria's journal, and letters from her half-brother Thomas. Covering the years from 1861 through 1865, it became her best-known work. It influenced Margaret Mitchell's novel Gone With the Wind (1936); some scenes are drawn "directly from Gay's

This is a document about Literary Reflections
 Introduction to the 1975 Anniversary Edition of "Gone With The Wind". Originally published by Macmillan in 1975.

This is a document about Southern United States literature
  narrators ranging from the deceased Addie to her young son. The late 1930s also saw the publication of one of the best-known Southern novels, Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell. The novel, published in 1936, quickly became a bestseller. It won the 1937 Pulitzer Prize, and in 1939 an equally famous movie of the novel premiered. In the eyes of some modern scholars, Mitchell's novel consolidated white supremacist Lost Cause ideologies (see Lost Cause of the Confederacy) to construct a bucolic plantation South in which slavery was a benign, or even benevolent, institution. Under this view, she presents white southerners as victims

This is a document about Gone with the Wind (novel)
  to be the second favorite book of American readers, just behind the Bible. More than 30 million copies have been printed worldwide. Gone with the Wind is a controversial reference point for subsequent writers of the South, both black and white. Scholars at American universities refer to, interpret, and study it in their writings. The novel has been absorbed into American popular culture. Mitchell received the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for the book in 1937. It was adapted into the 1939 film of the same name, which has been considered to be one of the greatest movies ever made and also received the Academy Award for Best Picture during the  12th annual Academy Awards ceremony. Gone with the Wind is the only novel by Mitchell published during her lifetime.

This is a document about Lost Laysen
  Lost Laysen is a novella by Margaret Mitchell. Although it was written in 1916, it was not published until 1996. Mitchell, who is best known as the author of Gone with the Wind, was believed to have only written one full book during her lifetime. However, when she was 15, she had written the manuscript to Lost Laysen—a romance set in the South Pacific. She gave the two notebooks containing the handwritten work to a suitor named Henry Love Angel, who kept the manuscript along with a number of letters Mitchell had sent him. Angel died in 1945, but Lost Laysen remained undiscovered until his son found the manuscript while preparing to donate the letters

This is a document about Orson Welles Paul Masson advertisements
  Reading a copy of Gone With the Wind at a table in the garden of his real-life house at 1717 North Stanley Avenue, off Hollywood Boulevard, Welles says: "Margaret Mitchell began writing Gone With the Wind in 1926, and she finished it ten years later. The writing of a great book, or the making of a fine wine, takes time. Paul Masson's Emerald Dry, a delightful white wine. Paul Masson wines taste so good, because they're made with such care. What was true nearly a century ago is still true today: Paul Masson will sell no wine before its time." This ad was reportedly a last-minute improvisation by Welles after he dismissed the original script he was given, which compared Paul Masson wine to a Stradivarius violin.

This is a document about Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ
  Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ is a novel by Lew Wallace, published by Harper and Brothers on November 12, 1880, and considered "the most influential Christian book of the nineteenth century". It became a best-selling American novel, surpassing Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852) in sales. The book also inspired other novels with biblical settings and was adapted for the stage and motion picture productions. Ben-Hur remained at the top of the US all-time bestseller list until the 1936 publication of Margaret Mitchell's Gone with the Wind. The 1959 MGM film adaptation of Ben-Hur is considered one of the greatest films ever made and was seen by tens of millions, going on to win a record 11 Academy Awards in 1960, after which the book's sales

This is a document about The Scarlett O'Hara War
  Margaret Mitchell's novel Gone with the Wind is published in 1936 and is an instant nationwide sensation. The movie rights are up for grabs, and every studio in Hollywood wants it. While having lunch at the MGM dining room, Louis B. Mayer is talking to his son-in-law David O. Selznick about the film rights. In time, Selznick establishes his own production company, Selznick International Pictures, and wants his studio to have a film that will cement both its fame and his. Back at MGM, Joan Crawford is negotiating the idea of her portraying the acclaimed heroine, even getting Selznick to come back to her place to spend the night

This is a document about Gone with the Wind (novel)
  Margaret Mitchell arranged Gone with the Wind chronologically, basing it on the life and experiences of the main character, Scarlett O'Hara, as she grew from adolescence into adulthood. During the time span of the novel, from 1861 to 1873, Scarlett ages from sixteen to twenty-eight years. This is a type of Bildungsroman, a novel concerned with the moral and psychological growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood (coming-of-age story). Scarlett's development is affected by the events of her time. Mitchell used a smooth linear narrative structure. The novel is known for its exceptional "readability". The plot is rich with vivid characters.

This is a document about Bible fiction
  influential is Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ by Lew Wallace, and published by Harper & Brothers on November 12, 1880. It remained the best-selling American novel of all time, surpassing Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852) in sales and remaining at the top of the US all-time bestseller list until the publication of Margaret Mitchell's Gone with the Wind (1936). Ben-Hur is a bildungsroman and adventure novel that follows the tumultuous life of its protagonist, Judah Ben-Hur. He is a fictional Jewish noble from Jerusalem who suffers betrayal (by a boyhood friend) and consequently his enslavement and his

This is a document about Hattie McDaniel
  women. That attack scene was altered, and some offensive language was modified, but another epithet, "darkie", remained in the film, and the film's message with respect to slavery remained essentially the same. Consistent with the book, the film's screenplay also referred to poor whites as "white trash", and it ascribed these words equally to characters black and white. Loew's Grand Theater on Peachtree Street in Atlanta, Georgia was selected by the studio as the site for the Friday, December 15, 1939, premiere of Gone with the Wind. Studio head David O. Selznick asked that McDaniel be permitted to attend, but

This is a document about Book of the Month
  on debut and emerging writers, and is known for having helped launch the careers of some of the most acclaimed authors in American literary history. In 1926 (its first year in operation), the Club featured Ernest Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises. In 1936 (its tenth year), the Club selected Gone with the Wind by unknown author Margaret Mitchell. Today, the book remains the second favorite of American readers (after the Bible). Mitchell wrote: "I wanted to thank [Book of the Month] from the bottom of my heart for selecting my book. It was quite the most exciting and unexpected thing

This is a document about Martin Luther King Jr.
  Gone with the Wind. In September 1940, at the age of 12, King was enrolled at the Atlanta University Laboratory School for the seventh grade. While there, King took violin and piano lessons, and showed keen interest in his history and English classes. On May 18, 1941, when King had sneaked away from studying at home to watch a parade, King was informed that something had happened to his maternal grandmother. Upon returning home, he found out that she had suffered a heart attack and died while being transported to a hospital. He took the death very hard and believed that his deception of

This is a document about Grady Memorial Hospital
  On August 11, 1949, Gone with the Wind author Margaret Mitchell was hit by a speeding car while crossing Peachtree Street with her husband on the way to a movie. She was knocked unconscious and was taken to Grady. X-rays showed that her skull was fractured from the top of her head all the way down to her spine and her pelvis was shattered. She never regained consciousness, and died five days later at Grady, on August 16, 1949. The driver, who had 23 prior traffic violations, was thought to be drunk and was convicted of involuntary manslaughter and served an 11-month jail term. In 2001, actor Whitman Mayo,

Margaret Mitchell began writing "Gone with the Wind" in 1926, but the novel was not published until June 30, 1936. The first printing of the book was in May 1936, but it was delayed and the publication date was changed to June 30, 1936.


Question: when was the magna carta signed and who was it intended to protect

Answer: the protection of church rights

This is a document about Magna Carta
  Magna Carta Libertatum (Medieval Latin for "Great Charter of Freedoms"), commonly called Magna Carta (also Magna Charta; "Great Charter"), is a royal charter of rights agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215. First drafted by Archbishop of Canterbury Stephen Langton to make peace between the unpopular king and a group of rebel barons, it promised the protection of church rights, protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and limitations on feudal payments to the Crown, to be implemented through a council of 25 barons. Neither side stood behind their commitments, and the charter was annulled by

This is a document about History of human rights
   Magna Carta is an English charter originally issued in 1215 which influenced the development of the common law and many later constitutional documents, such as the 1689 English Bill of Rights, the 1789 United States Constitution, and the 1791 United States Bill of Rights. Magna Carta was originally written because of disagreements between Pope Innocent III, King John and the English barons about the rights of the King. Magna Carta required the King to renounce certain rights, respect certain legal procedures and accept that his will could be bound by the law. It explicitly protected certain rights of the King's subjects, whether free or

This is a document about Magna Carta
  Magna Carta originated as an unsuccessful attempt to achieve peace between royalist and rebel factions in 1215, as part of the events leading to the outbreak of the First Barons' War. England was ruled by King John, the third of the Angevin kings. Although the kingdom had a robust administrative system, the nature of government under the Angevin monarchs was ill-defined and uncertain. John and his predecessors had ruled using the principle of vis et voluntas, or "force and will", taking executive and sometimes arbitrary decisions, often justified on the basis that a king was above the law. Many contemporary writers believed that monarchs should rule in accordance with the custom and the law, with

This is a document about Fundamental Laws of England
 Magna Carta between King John and his barons in 1215 ; confirmation of Magna Carta by King Henry III to Parliament in 1216, 1217, and 1225 ; Confirmatio Cartarum (Confirmation of Charters) 1253 ; a multitude of subsequent corroborating statutes, from King Edward I to King Henry IV ; the Petition of Right, a parliamentary declaration in 1628 of the liberties of the people, assented to by King Charles I ; more concessions made by King Charles I to his Parliament ; many laws, particularly the Habeas Corpus Act 1679, passed under King Charles II ; the Bill of Rights 1689 assented

This is a document about History of Hertfordshire
  Magna Carta was written at St Albans Abbey in 1213. It contained significant provisions still in force to this day, including the principle of habeas corpus (which was first invoked in court in 1305). Two years later, King John was in St Albans when he learned of the Archbishop of Canterbury's suspension. Though John agreed to the Magna Carta, he did not adhere to it, and Hertfordshire was the main battlefield in the civil war that followed. On 16 December 1216, during the First Barons' War, Hertford Castle surrendered after a siege from Dauphin Louis (later Louis VIII of France), whom the English barons

This is a document about First Barons' War
  King John in June 1215 was forced to put his seal to "The Articles of the Barons" by a group of powerful barons who could no longer stand John's failed leadership and despotic rule. The king's Great Seal was attached to it on 15 June 1215. In return, the barons renewed their oaths of fealty to King John on 19 July 1215. A formal document to record the agreement was created by the royal chancery on 15 July: this was the original Magna Carta. "The law of the land" is one of the great watchwords of Magna Carta, standing in opposition to the king's mere will. The Magna Carta of 1215 contained clauses which in theory noticeably reduced the power of the king, such as clause 61, the "security clause". This clause allowed a group of 25 barons to override the king at any time by way of force, a medieval legal process called distraint that was normal in feudal relationships but had never been applied to a king. After a few months of half-hearted attempts to negotiate in the summer of 1215, open warfare broke out between the rebel barons and the king and his supporters.

This is a document about Magna Carta
  a few years later, this agreement was renamed Magna Carta, meaning "Great Charter". By 15 June, general agreement had been made on a text, and on 19 June, the rebels renewed their oaths of loyalty to John and copies of the charter were formally issued. Although, as the historian David Carpenter has noted, the charter "wasted no time on political theory", it went beyond simply addressing individual baronial complaints, and formed a wider proposal for political reform. It promised the protection of church rights, protection from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and, most importantly, limitations on taxation and other feudal payments to the Crown, with certain

This is a document about Maud de Braose
  against the wall. So desperate was the mother that she had eaten the flesh from her own son's cheeks. The manner in which they met their deaths so outraged the English nobility that the Magna Carta, which King John was forced to sign in 1215, contains clause 39: "No man shall be taken, imprisoned, outlawed, banished or in any way destroyed, nor will we proceed against or prosecute him, except by the lawful judgement of his peers or by the law of the land." Her husband died a year later in exile in France where he had gone disguised as a beggar to escape King John's wrath after the latter

This is a document about Treason in Arthurian legend
  the defense of their own collective rights as barons. Magna carta was signed in 1215, and was swiftly annulled, but nevertheless had long-lasting implications on English common law. England's first "official" statute outlying various legal definitions of treason came from the Treason Act of 1351, and subsequent English Statute of Treasons of 1352. Both served to codify a collection of various crimes under a general heading of treason, and provided appropriate, standardized punishments for said offenses. The statute was also impactful through its creation of new types of state trial, designed specifically for alleged traitors. There were typically three parties involved in English treason trials: an "actor," or plaintiff, a defendant, and a judge. This three party construction was considered "one of the cardinal rules of English

This is a document about Monarchy of the United Kingdom
  reign, as he left to fight in the Crusades. He was killed besieging a castle, and John succeeded him. John's reign was marked by conflict with the barons, particularly over the limits of royal power. In 1215, the barons coerced the king into issuing Magna Carta (Latin for "Great Charter") to guarantee the rights and liberties of the nobility. Soon afterwards, further disagreements plunged England into a civil war known as the First Barons' War. The war came to an abrupt end after John died in 1216, leaving the Crown to his nine-year-old son Henry III. Later in Henry's reign, Simon de Montfort led the barons

This is a document about Due process
  In clause 39 of Magna Carta, issued in 1215, John of England promised: "No free man shall be seized or imprisoned, or stripped of his rights or possessions, or outlawed or exiled, or deprived of his standing in any other way, nor will we proceed with force against him, or send others to do so, except by the lawful judgment of his equals or by the law of the land." Magna Carta itself immediately became part of the "law of the land", and Clause 61 of that charter authorized an elected body of 25 barons to determine by majority vote what redress the

This is a document about Magna Carta
  parliamentary business was a public reading and reaffirmation of the Charter, and, as in the previous century, parliaments often exacted confirmation of it from the monarch. The Charter was confirmed in 1423 by King Henry VI. By the mid-15th century, Magna Carta ceased to occupy a central role in English political life, as monarchs reasserted authority and powers which had been challenged in the 100 years after Edward I's reign. The Great Charter remained a text for lawyers, particularly as a protector of property rights, and became more widely read than ever as printed versions circulated and levels of literacy increased.

This is a document about Magna Carta of Chester
   The Runnymede Charter of Liberties did not apply to the shire of Chester, which at the time was a separate feudal domain. At the petitions of his barons, the Earl of Chester, Ranulf III set out his own charter. The similarities between many of the clauses in the Magna Carta of Chester and those in Magna Carta indicates that it was written after King John issued the latter on 19 June 1215. In the early 1200s, the Earldom of Chester was the only county palatine on the Welsh Marches; Ranulf III ruled Chester as a separate feudal domain. His barons living outside of Cheshire are referred to as his 'knights from England'. In the late 12th century manuscript De laude Cestrie, Lucian of Chester describes the county as obedient, 'more to the sword of its

This is a document about June 1976
 One of the four surviving copies of the 761-year-old Magna Carta arrived in Washington, D.C., and was loaned from the United Kingdom to the United States in honor of the U.S. bicentennial celebrations.  Led by the British Lord Chancellor, Lord Elwyn-Jones, a delegation presented the document, to the U.S. Speaker of the House, Carl Albert, and a group of Representatives and Senators.   The document, the first charter of personal and political liberty made in England and the inspiration to future charters, had been signed by King John at Runnymede on June 15, 1215.  Lord Elwyn-Jones commented, "Peoples not familiar with our ways have thought

This is a document about Rochester Castle
  to the archbishop when the agreement expired or if peace was restored to the kingdom before Easter 1216. In the meantime, control reverted to Langton whom John had asked to hold the castle "in such a way that by it no ill or harm shall come to us or our kingdom". John met the rebel barons at Runnymede, and on 19 June 1215 they renewed their vows of fealty. A peace treaty, which later became known as Magna Carta, was sealed. Shortly after the treaty the agreement between John and Langton to appoint a royal constable in charge of Rochester Castle

This is a document about William Marmion, Baron Marmion of Torrington
  During the First Barons' War a group of rebellious barons, supported by Prince Louis of France, made war on King John of England due to his cruel and inept leadership. Although John signed the Magna Carta on 15 June 1215, war broke out in England. William Marmion's elder brother, Robert Marmion the elder, was one of the rebel barons (as was their father) and on 25 February 1216 the King sent William to see if he could persuade him to make peace with the King again. John died on 18 October 1216 and was succeeded by his nine-year-old son Henry who, not being despised by the barons, attempted to calm things down. On

This is a document about Human rights in the United Kingdom
  Codification of human rights is recent, but before the Human Rights Act 1998 and the European Convention on Human Rights, UK law had one of the world's longest human rights traditions. The Magna Carta 1215 bound the King to require Parliament's consent before any tax, respect the right to a trial "by lawful judgment of his Peers, or by the Law of the Land", stated that "We will sell to no man, we will not deny or defer to any man either Justice or Right", guaranteed free movement for people, and preserved common land for everyone. It implicitly supported what became the writ of habeas corpus, safeguarding individual freedom against unlawful

This is a document about Oath of Allegiance (United Kingdom)
  The oath of allegiance has its origins in Magna Carta, signed on 15 June 1215. Once the terms had been finalised on 19 June, the rebels again swore allegiance to King John. The later Bill of Rights (1689) included the Oath of Allegiance to the crown, which was required by Magna Carta to be taken by all crown servants and members of the judiciary. Over the following centuries this evolved into three separate oaths: of supremacy (repudiation of the spiritual or ecclesiastical authority of any foreign prince, person or prelate), allegiance (declaration of fidelity to the Sovereign), and in 1702, abjuration (repudiation of the

This is a document about United Kingdom constitutional law
  Codification of human rights is recent, but before the Human Rights Act 1998 and the European Convention on Human Rights, British law had one of the world's longest human rights traditions. The Magna Carta 1215 bound the King to require Parliament's consent before any tax, respect the right to a trial "by lawful judgment of his Peers, or by the Law of the Land", stated that "We will sell to no man, we will not deny or defer to any man either Justice or Right", guaranteed free movement for people, and preserved common land for everyone. After the English Civil

This is a document about Constitution of the United Kingdom
  therefore part of the constitution. These include Magna Carta, which in 1215 required the King to call a "common counsel" (now called Parliament) to represent people, to hold courts in a fixed place, to guarantee fair trials, to guarantee free movement of people, to free the church from the state, and to guarantee rights of "common" people to use the land. After the Wars of the Three Kingdoms and the Glorious Revolution, the Bill of Rights 1689 and the Claim of Right Act 1689 cemented Parliament's position as the supreme law making body, and said that the "election of members of Parliament ought to be free". The Treaty of Union

The Magna Carta was signed on 15 June 1215 at Runnymede, near Windsor, England. It was intended to protect the rights of the barons against the crown, specifically regarding the protection of church rights, access to swift and unimpeded justice, limitations on feudal payments to the Crown, and the illegal imprisonment of the archbishop of Canterbury.


Question: nickname of chopin etude op 25 no 1

Answer: The Shepherd Boy

This is a document about Étude Op. 25, No. 5 (Chopin)
  Étude Op. 25, No. 5 in E minor, is a technical study composed by Frédéric Chopin in 1837. Marking a serious departure in the expected technique developed previously, Chopin wrote this étude with a series of quick, dissonant minor seconds. The effect has earned the étude the nickname "Wrong Note".

This is a document about Étude Op. 25, No. 1 (Chopin)
  Étude Op. 25, No. 1 in A-flat major  is a solo piano work composed by Frédéric Chopin in 1836, and published in 1837. The work consists entirely of rapid arpeggios and harmonic modulations based on A-flat major. Robert Schumann praised this work in a dissertation on the Études; calling it "a poem rather than a study", he coined for it the alternate name "Aeolian Harp". It is also sometimes known as "The Shepherd Boy," following an unsupported tale by Kleczyński that Chopin advised a pupil to picture a shepherd boy taking refuge in a grotto to avoid a storm playing the melody on his flute.

This is a document about List of compositions by Frédéric Chopin by genre
  Étude in A minor (1832–1834) ; 5) Étude in E minor (1832–1834) ; 6) Étude in G minor (1832–1834) ; 7) Étude in C minor (1836) ; 8) Étude in D major (1832–1834) ; 9) Étude in G major (1832–1834) ; 10) Étude in B minor (1832–1834) ; 11) Étude in A minor (1834) ; 12) Étude in C minor (1836) ; Trois nouvelles études (1839; Dbop. 36A, B, C): ; 1)  Étude in F minor ; 2)  Étude in A major ; 3)  Étude in D major Fanciful nicknames have been given to most of Chopin's Études from time to time, although Chopin himself never used nicknames for these pieces, and none are authentic.

This is a document about Étude Op. 25, No. 9 (Chopin)
  Étude Op. 25, No. 9 in G-flat major, known as the Butterfly étude, is an étude by Frédéric Chopin. The title Butterfly was not given by Chopin (as is true for all Chopin pieces with such titles); however Arthur Friedheim said, "while some titles were superfluous, this one is inadequate."

This is a document about Étude Op. 25, No. 2 (Chopin)
  Étude Op. 25, No. 2, in F minor, is an étude composed by Frédéric Chopin. It was marked 'Presto'. It was preceded by a relative major key. It is based on a polyrhythm, with pairs of eighth-note (quaver) triplets in the right hand against quarter-note (crotchet) triplets in the left. The étude is sometimes known as "The Bees". Johannes Brahms wrote a revision of this étude, where the right hand part is played entirely in sixths and thirds. Virtuoso pianist and composer Leopold Godowsky later transcribed the étude for the left hand alone (transposed to F-sharp minor).

This is a document about Étude Op. 25, No. 6 (Chopin)
  Étude Op. 25, No. 6, in G-sharp minor, is a technical study composed by Frédéric Chopin focusing on thirds, trilling them at a high speed. Also called the Double Thirds Étude, it is considered one of the hardest of Chopin's 24 Études, ranking the highest level of difficulty according to the Henle difficulty rankings. Excerpt from the beginning of the Étude Op. 25 No. 6

This is a document about Étude Op. 25, No. 7 (Chopin)
  Étude Op. 25, No. 7 in C-sharp minor is a solo piano technical study composed by Frédéric Chopin in 1834. Markedly different from Chopin's overall scheme of technical virtuosity, this étude focuses instead on perfect sound and phrasing, particularly for the left hand.

This is a document about Étude Op. 25, No. 12 (Chopin)
   Étude Op. 25, No. 12 in C minor is the last of Frédéric Chopin's formal studies for the piano, opus 25, dedicated À Madame la Comtesse d'Agoult. It was first published in 1837 in French, German, and English. In the first French edition, the time signature is 4/4, but most recent editions of this piece follow the manuscript and German editions, which indicate cut time. This work is a series of rising and falling arpeggios in various chord progressions from C minor. In addition, its opening bars recall the chord structure of the opening bars of the second prelude of the first book of The Well-Tempered Clavier by Johann Sebastian Bach. It is often referred to as the “Ocean” etude.

This is a document about Étude Op. 25, No. 3 (Chopin)
  Étude Op. 25, No. 3, in F major, is a technical study composed by Frédéric Chopin in 1836. The romanticized nickname of this piece (not given by Chopin, who thought that idea was repulsive) is "The Horseman" or "The Knight", probably because of its "galloping" style. It is mostly a study in rhythm. The study has four different voices that must be brought out by the performer. The technical figure consists of lateral movements of the hand that must be played with flourish and refinement.

This is a document about Étude Op. 25, No. 10 (Chopin)
   Étude Op. 25, No. 10, in B minor is a solo piano study in B minor, composed by Frédéric Chopin in 1835.

This is a document about Étude Op. 25, No. 8 (Chopin)
  Étude Op. 25, No. 8, in D-flat major, is a technical piano study composed by Frédéric Chopin. This etude is composed with sixths being played in both hands. The technical skill required to play it makes this etude one of the most difficult in Op.25. Its unusual sound is due to the uninterrupted succession of ascending, descending and chromatic sixths.

This is a document about List of place names of Polish origin in the United States
 Chopin, named after Frédéric Chopin, polish composer and pianist.

This is a document about Étude Op. 25, No. 11 (Chopin)
  Étude Op. 25, No. 11 in A minor, often referred to as the Winter Wind in English, is a solo piano technical study composed by Frédéric Chopin in 1836. It was first published together with all études of Opus 25 in 1837, in France, Germany, and England. The first French edition indicates a common time time signature, but the manuscript and the first German edition both feature cut time. The first four bars that characterize the melody were added just before publication at the advice of Charles A. Hoffmann, a friend. Winter Wind is considered one of the most difficult of Chopin's 24 études.

This is a document about Aeolian harp
  air pressure pipes, voiced to imitate the sound of the real aeolian harp. It is, therefore, classified as a "string" stop. The ‘aeolian’ stops are among the softest found on pipe organs. A number of classical pieces have been compared to the sounds of the Aeolian harp. One of the oldest has to be the Etude in A flat major Op. 25 No. 1 for piano (1836) by Frédéric Chopin, which is sometimes called the "Aeolian Harp etude". This nickname was not Chopin's own, being given to it by Robert Schumann. The piece features a delicate, tender, and flowing melody in the fifth

This is a document about Étude Op. 10, No. 12 (Chopin)
  Étude Op. 10, No. 12 in C minor, known as the "Revolutionary Étude" or the "Étude on the Bombardment of Warsaw", is a solo piano work by Frédéric Chopin written circa 1831, and the last in his first set, Etudes, Op. 10, dedicated "à son ami Franz Liszt" ("to his friend Franz Liszt").

This is a document about Frédéric Chopin
  Some of Chopin's well-known pieces have acquired descriptive titles, such as the Revolutionary Étude (Op. 10, No. 12), and the Minute Waltz (Op. 64, No. 1). However, except for his Funeral March, the composer never named an instrumental work beyond genre and number, leaving all potential extramusical associations to the listener; the names by which many of his pieces are known were invented by others. There is no evidence to suggest that the Revolutionary Étude was written with the failed Polish uprising against Russia in mind; it merely appeared at that time. The Funeral March, the third movement of his Sonata No. 2 (Op. 35), the one case where he did give a title, was written before the rest

This is a document about Étude Op. 25, No. 10 (Chopin)
  Étude Op. 25, No. 10 features many unique aspects not typically present in Chopin's études, including a significant and distinctive ternary form. The first theme is presented as a series of eighth note-tuplets in cut time, but not in time, played at a very fast tempo of Allegro. The second theme is in B minor's parallel major, B major, and in triple metre. The second theme is repeated four times, and develops into a variation of the first theme, returning to cut time and B minor. Copious pedal point notes and phrase markings are present in the second theme, but the entire étude lacks any pedal indications. Similar to the Op. 10, No. 4 étude, Chopin emphasizes legato playing through the phrasing and (lack of) pedal marking. Throughout the entire work, Chopin marks only five dynamic markings; the entire first theme is to be played forte to fortissimo, and the whole second theme is piano.

This is a document about Étude Op. 10, No. 2 (Chopin)
  Étude Op. 10, No. 2, in A minor, is a technical study composed by Frédéric Chopin for the piano. It was preceded by a relative major key. Composed in 1829, it was first published in 1833 in France, Germany, and England. This étude is an exercise in developing the independence of the weaker fingers of the right hand by playing rapid chromatic scale figures with the third, fourth, and fifth fingers of the right hand. Meanwhile, the first two fingers of the right and the left hand play an accompaniment of short intervals and single notes. Chopin indicated the fingering himself note by note for almost 800 notes.

This is a document about Étude Op. 10, No. 11 (Chopin)
  Étude Op. 10, No. 11, in E major, is a technical study composed by Frédéric Chopin. It is sometimes known as the "Arpeggio" or "Guitar" Étude. The chief difficulty addressed in this piece is the performance of extended arpeggiated chords. Throughout, the hands are required to stretch intervals as large as twelfths. The melody, though usually the highest note of each chord, is often found in inner parts with higher parts simply being part of the accompaniment. This is especially the case in the final bars. The piece is also notable for its chromatic harmonies, daring at the time, and enharmonic shifts.

This is a document about Étude Op. 10, No. 5 (Chopin)
  The so-called "Black Key Étude" is one of the composer's most popular. It has been a repertoire piece of pianists since Chopin's time and has inspired numerous exercises, arrangements and paraphrases. Chopin himself did not believe the study to be his most interesting one, and in a letter to his pianist friend and musical executor Julian Fontana he comments on Clara Wieck’s performance: "Did Wieck play my Étude well? How could she have chosen precisely this Étude, the least interesting for those who do not know that it is intended for the black keys, instead of something better! It would have been better to remain silent." - Chopin to Julian Fontana in Paris, Marseille, 25 April 1839 Hans von Bülow (1830–1894) spoke rather disdainfully of Op. 10, No. 5 as a "Damen-Salon Etüde" ("ladies' salon étude").

The nickname of Chopin Etude Op. 25 No. 1 is "Aeolian Harp."


Question: who plays the voice of vicky in fairly odd parents

Answer: Grey DeLisle

This is a document about The Fairly OddParents
 Mary Kay Bergman, Tara Strong as Timmy Turner, Poof ; Daran Norris as Cosmo ; Susanne Blakeslee as Wanda ; Grey DeLisle as Vicky ; Carlos Alazraqui as Denzel Crocker ; Matthew W. Taylor as Sparky ; Kari Wahlgren as Chloe Carmichael  Throughout its run, celebrities who have guest starred on The Fairly OddParents include Adam West, Jay Leno, Norm Macdonald, Mary Hart, Chris Kirkpatrick, Alec Baldwin, Ben Stein, Jackie Mason, Jason Bateman, Laraine Newman, Gilbert Gottfried, Michael Clarke Duncan, Brendan Fraser, Patrick Warburton, Gene Simmons, Paul Stanley, Tom Arnold, and Scott Hamilton, additional voice actors: Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Kimberly Brooks, Eddie Deezen, Dan Castellaneta, Greg Cipes, Lara Jill Miller, Debi Derryberry, Carolyn Lawrence, James Arnold Taylor, Jane Carr, Nika Futterman, Mo Collins, Queen Latifah, Mary Hart,  Cheri Oteri, Crystal Scales, Dionne Quan, Kath Soucie, Dannah Phirman, Vanessa Marshall, Frank Welker, Dee Bradley Baker, Mick Wingert, Wally Wingert, Rino Romano, Michael Bell, Amber Hood.

This is a document about List of The Fairly OddParents characters
 Voiced by: Portrayed by: Grey DeLisle Devon Weigel (in the live-action movies) Victoria "Vicky" is Timmy's rude, selfish, greedy, sadistic, conniving, malicious, and tyrannical 16-year-old babysitter. She has but a few friends and enjoys torturing children, watching television and making the world miserable, especially for Timmy. She lives with her mother, her father, and her younger sister Tootie. She has encountered Cosmo & Wanda on numerous occasions, but does not believe in them. Also, she has encountered Mark Chang in his natural form but dismisses it as a Halloween costume. A plot point in the episode "Frenemy Mine" involved her belonging to a dark society known as B.R.A.T. (Babysitters Raging Against Twerps). She has been shown to be accepting of her own cruelty, and that the only reason she is, is that she was mistreated as a child by her own babysitter.

This is a document about Kari Wahlgren
  with her school's alumni association, she said that she was asked to do the role because of her previous involvements in Bolt and Tangled. Recording for the film took about 30 minutes, mostly of vocal sounds. The short went on to win an Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film. In 2015, she joined the cast of Fairly OddParents as a starring character Chloe Carmichael in its show's tenth season. She continued to voice Jessica and other characters for Rick and Morty which has concluded its third season, and voiced Amanda in the Butch Hartman-produced series Bunsen Is a Beast which aired on Nickelodeon in February 2017. In July 2017, she voiced Dorothy Gale in the animated television series Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz broadcast on Boomerang.

This is a document about List of Horrid Henry characters
  Vicious Vicky first appears in Horrid Henry The Movie and in the TV Series 3 episode Horrid Henry Bogus Babysitter. She is Sour Susan's younger sister. In the Series 2 episode Horrid Henry Changes a Nappy Susan mentions a baby sister whom she has to change her nappies explaining her experience. However, Vicky is seen as a toddler or possibly an infant at Ashton Primary. Vicious Vicky is voiced by Sue Elliott-Nichols and played by Kia Pegg. In The Movie she bites people. In the TV series after being thrown out by Moody Margaret, Vicky finds her way into Henry's house and raids the kitchen. She then steals Margaret's cutlass and uses it to frame her. Henry is impressed by this after initially being afraid of her. However in her next appearance in It's All Your Fault she scares Henry away from the climbing frame in the school playground and also intimidates Wheely Walter. Vicious Vicky wears a blue T-shirt with a lightning bolt design blue jeans and red flat sneakers.

This is a document about Claudia Razzi
  Razzi often contributes to voicing characters in cartoons, anime, movies, and more content. She is well known for providing the voice of Francine Smith in the Italian-language version of the animated series American Dad! She also voices Vicky in the Italian-language version of the Nickelodeon animated series The Fairly OddParents. She works at C.D. Cine Dubbing, Pumaisdue, Dubbing Brothers, and other dubbing studios in Italy.

This is a document about Dionne Quan
  Dionne Quan is an American voice actress, known for her roles as Kimi Watanabe in Rugrats and Trixie Tang in The Fairly OddParents.

This is a document about Rio Natsuki
 Fairly OddParents - Wanda ; The Tudors - Catherine Howard

This is a document about Grey DeLisle filmography
  Grey DeLisle, sometimes credited as Grey Griffin, has provided voice-over work for animation, films and video games. Her roles include Vicky from The Fairly OddParents, Samantha "Sam" Manson from Danny Phantom, Mandy from The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy, Frankie Foster, Duchess and Goo from Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends, Azula from Avatar: The Last Airbender, Yumi Yoshimura from Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi, Kimiko Tohomiko from Xiaolin Showdown, Lola, Lana and Lily Loud from The Loud House, Carol Danvers in various Marvel projects, Wubbzy from Wow! Wow! Wubbzy!, and Prince Puppycorn from Unikitty!. As of 2001, she has been the voice of Daphne Blake in the Scooby-Doo franchise. In video games, she voices characters such as Amanda Libre in Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker, Catwoman in the Batman: Arkham series, and Nova in StarCraft: Ghost. In 2019, she became the voice of Martin Prince and Sherri and Terri from The Simpsons after Russi Taylor's death. DeLisle currently voices Betty Rubble.

This is a document about Mia Kihl
 The Fairly OddParents - Vicky (Starting from Season 2). ; Goof Troop - Max. ; Quack Pack - Louie. ; TaleSpin - Molly Cunningham (1st Voice), Additional Voices. ; Total Drama Island - Sadie. ; Yu-Gi-Oh! - Anzu Mazaki ; Winx Club - Flora

This is a document about Mary Kay Bergman
  shows two weeks ahead of time, when it happened it was really tough because we had three shows to do ... and we knew we weren't going to find anyone at the time, so we just wrote three episodes with no female characters in them." Voice actress Tara Strong replaced Bergman as the voice of Timmy Turner in the Nickelodeon cartoon The Fairly OddParents, redubbing Bergman's lines from the Oh Yeah! Cartoons era. Voice actress Debi Derryberry was cast to replace Bergman as the voice of Jay Jay, Herky, Savannah, and Revvin' Evan on Jay Jay the Jet Plane.

This is a document about Dark Shadows (film)
  in the original series were combined in the film, with Maggie adopting the name Victoria from a poster for Victoria, British Columbia on the train to Collinsport. ; Alexia Osborne as Young Victoria ; Michelle Pfeiffer as Elizabeth Collins Stoddard, the family matriarch. ; Helena Bonham Carter as Dr. Julia Hoffman, the family's vain and often inebriated live-in psychiatrist, hired to treat David's belief in ghosts. ; Jonny Lee Miller as Roger Collins, Elizabeth's "ne'er-do-well" brother. ; Chloë Grace Moretz as Carolyn Stoddard, Elizabeth's rebellious 15-year-old werewolf daughter. ; Gully McGrath as David Collins, Roger's "precocious" 10-year-old son. ; Jackie Earle

This is a document about Mother's Day (2016 film)
  On June 30, 2015, four cast members were announced, Julia Roberts, Jennifer Aniston, Kate Hudson, and Jason Sudeikis, with the film to be directed by Garry Marshall and scripted by Anya Kochoff-Romano and Lily Hollander. Brandt Andersen produced, along with Wayne Rice and Mike Karz. On July 22, 2015, Open Road Films acquired US distribution rights to the film, and it was revealed that Matt Walker and Tom Hines would co-write the script. On August 21, 2015, Ella Anderson joined the film's cast to play Vicky, Sudeikis's character's daughter. On August 26, 2015, Timothy Olyphant, Britt Robertson, Shay Mitchell, Jack Whitehall, Loni Love, and Aasif Mandvi joined the cast. On October 6, Hilary Duff was confirmed to appear, but she declined due to scheduling conflicts with filming the second season of her show Younger.

This is a document about List of Halloween (franchise) characters
  Appears in Halloween (2018) Vicky (Virginia Gardner) is the best friend of Allyson, the granddaughter of Laurie Strode. She is shown walking with her boyfriend, Dave and Allyson at first. Later in the movie, she calls Allyson to see if she wants to come over to the house she is babysitting at and smoke weed after Julian goes to bed. Before Allyson can come over, Vicky is attacked by Michael Myers. Michael, who was hiding in Julian's closet, stabs Vicky, when she sacrifices herself to protect Julian.

This is a document about Dannah Phirman
 The Fairly Odd Parents - Missy ; Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness - Xiao Niao ; The Mighty B! - Penny ; My Gym Partner's A Monkey - Possum Girl ; Phineas and Ferb - Teenage Milly ("Act Your Age") ; Tak and the Power of Juju - Zaria ; Mass Effect - Avina ; WordGirl - WordGirl/Becky Botsford ; MADtv - various characters (credited as Dannah Feinglass) ; White Knight Chronicles - Yulie ; White Knight Chronicles II - Yulie ; Talking Tom and Friends - Ben's Mom, Mother, Moon

This is a document about Aya Endō
 The Fairly Oddparents - Veronica ; Ice Age - Peaches ; My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic - Silver Spoon ; Kung Fu Panda - Viper

This is a document about Jennifer Tilly
  Chucky (2021). In Seed of Chucky, she plays a dual role, providing the voice for Tiffany and also playing an exaggerated version of herself. The performance earned her nominations for the Fangoria Chainsaw Award for Best Actress and the MTV Movie Award for Best Scared-As-Shit Performance. She reprises the role in every subsequent appearance. In 2001, she starred as Crystal Allen in the Broadway revival of The Women. In 2002 she played Fanny Minafer in the made-for-TV remake of Orson Welles' The Magnificent Ambersons. She is a semi-regular cast member on Family Guy, voicing the Griffin family's neighbor, Bonnie Swanson. She

This is a document about A Fairly Odd Summer
 Daran Norris as Cosmo (voice) ; Susanne Blakeslee as Wanda (voice) ; Tara Strong as Timmy Turner (reprising role from The Fairly OddParents), Poof (voice) ; Eric Bauza as Foop (voice) ; Veena Sood as Anti-Fairy Councilman (voice)

This is a document about Rajinder Singh Sparrow
  Vicky

This is a document about Victoria Willing
  Victoria C. Willing (born 1959 or 1972) is a British actress, voice artist, playwright and writer, known for her work on The Inbetweeners and various Jim Henson Company productions. In January 2020, Willing appeared in an episode of the BBC soap opera Doctors as Gwen Hubbard, and in August 2020, she appeared in an episode of the BBC medical drama Casualty. In 1972, Willing was born in Marylebone, Central London to artist parents. She is the daughter of Dame Paula Rego and Victor Willing.

This is a document about Victoria Justice
  Victoria Dawn Justice (born February 19, 1993) is an American actress and singer. She has received several accolades, which include two Young Artist Awards and nominations for three Imagen Awards, an NAACP Image Award and three Kids Choice Awards. Justice made her acting debut with a guest appearance on the comedy series Gilmore Girls (2003), and rose to fame on Nickelodeon, notably playing Lola Martinez on the comedy-drama series Zoey 101 (2005–2008), Tori Vega on the sitcom Victorious (2010–2013) and as Jordan Sands in the television film The Boy Who Cried Werewolf (2010). She subsequently appeared in the teen film

Grey DeLisle plays the voice of Vicky in "The Fairly OddParents."