Question: who has won the bundesliga the most times

Answer: Bayern Munich

This is a document about Dynasty (sports)
 Bayern Munich from 1971 to present. Bayern have won the Bundesliga a record 30 times, more than twice its closest Bundesliga contender. Bayern also won the European Cup three times in a row from 1974 to 1976, and won the Champions League subsequently in 2001, 2013, and 2020. Bayern became the first German club to win the quadruple in the 2012–13 season, winning the Bundesliga, DFB-Pokal, Champions League and DFL-Supercup. They have won the last eight Bundesliga titles, from 2013 to 2020. ; Borussia Mönchengladbach from 1969–70 to 1976–77. Borussia Mönchengladbach became Bundesliga champions in 5 of 8 seasons. This has been achieved against strong opposition from Bayern Munich and notably in all three seasons in which Bayern won the European Cup in a row (1974 to 1976).

This is a document about 1. FC Nürnberg
  Der Club boasted the title of Deutscher Rekordmeister as holder of the most championships for over 60 years (although occasionally having to share the honour with Schalke 04) before being overtaken by Bayern Munich in 1987. Germany honours its Bundesliga champions by allowing them to display the gold stars of the "Verdiente Meistervereine" – one star for three titles, two stars for five and three stars for ten. However, currently, only titles earned since 1963 in the Bundesliga are officially recognized. Despite winning the national title nine times, Nürnberg – the country's second-most successful side – is not entitled to sport any championship stars.

This is a document about Bundesliga
  The Bundesliga, sometimes referred to as the Fußball-Bundesliga or '''1. Bundesliga''', is a professional association football league in Germany. At the top of the German football league system, the Bundesliga is Germany's primary football competition. The Bundesliga comprises 18 teams and operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the 2. Bundesliga. Seasons run from August to May. Most games are played on Saturdays and Sundays, with a few games played on weekdays. All of the Bundesliga clubs qualify for the DFB-Pokal. The winner of the Bundesliga qualifies for the DFL-Supercup. Fifty-six clubs have competed in the Bundesliga since its founding. Bayern Munich has won the title 30 times, the most among Bundesliga clubs. However, the Bundesliga has seen other champions, with Borussia Dortmund,

This is a document about Bundesliga (shooting)
  The following clubs have become German champions since the inception of the Bundesliga.

This is a document about Borussia Mönchengladbach
  Although Cologne initially had had the athletic edge as a founding member of the Bundesliga and the league's first champion, Mönchengladbach quickly closed the gap. Between the seasons 1969–70 and 1977–78, Mönchengladbach won five championships, Cologne won one, and FC Bayern Munich secured the remaining three. The 77–78 season has become remembered in both club's collective memories: Although Mönchengladbach defeated Borussia Dortmund in the highest victory in Bundesliga history with a crushing 12–0, Cologne carried the championship with a 5–0 win over FC St. Pauli due to their slightly better goal difference (+45 versus +42 in Cologne's favour). To add insult to injury, Cologne was back under the leadership

This is a document about North Rhine-Westphalia
 Alemannia Aachen ; Rot-Weiß Oberhausen ; Rot-Weiß Essen ; Fortuna Köln ; MSV Duisburg ; Sportfreunde Siegen ; Wuppertaler SV  NRW is home to several football clubs of the Bundesliga including Arminia Bielefeld, Bayer 04 Leverkusen, Borussia Dortmund, Borussia Mönchengladbach and 1. FC Köln and the 2. Bundesliga including Fortuna Düsseldorf, FC Schalke 04, VfL Bochum and SC Paderborn 07. Since the formal establishment of the German Bundesliga in 1963, Borussia Dortmund and Borussia Mönchengladbach have been the most successful teams with both winning 5 titles. FC Köln won 2 titles, including the first in 1963. Before the league's establishment, North Rhine-Westfalian teams competed for the title of Deutscher Fußballmeister (German Football Champion). Here, FC Schalke 04 brought home 7 titles, while Dortmund and Köln won an additional 3 and 1 title(s), respectively. Fortuna Düsseldorf and Rot-Weiß Essen have each been German Champion once. North Rhine-Westphalia has been a very successful footballing state having a combined total of 25 championships, fewer only than Bavaria. Other divisions:

This is a document about SV Werder Bremen
  Sportverein Werder Bremen von 1899 e. V., commonly known as Werder Bremen, Werder or simply Bremen, is a German professional sports club based in Bremen, Free Hanseatic City of Bremen. Founded on 4 February 1899, they are best known for their professional football team, who will be competing in the 2. Bundesliga, the second tier of the German football league system, as of the 2021–22 season. Werder share the record for most seasons played in the Bundesliga with Bayern Munich, and are third in the all-time Bundesliga table, behind Bayern and Borussia Dortmund. Werder have been German champions four times, have won the DFB-Pokal six times, the DFL-Ligapokal once,

This is a document about FC Bayern Munich
  Fußball-Club Bayern München e. V., commonly known as FC Bayern München , FCB, Bayern Munich, or FC Bayern, is a German professional sports club based in Munich, Bavaria. It is best known for its professional football team, which plays in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German football league system. Bayern is the most successful club in German football history, having won a record 31 national titles, including nine consecutively since 2013, and 20 national cups, along with numerous European honours. FC Bayern Munich was founded in 1900 by 11 football players, led by Franz John. Although Bayern won its first national championship in 1932, the club

This is a document about Bundesliga
  train five thousand players aged 12–18. This increased the percentage of under-23-year-olds in the Bundesliga from 6% in 2000 to 15% in 2010. This in turn allows more money to be spent on the smaller number of players that are bought. In the 2000s, the Bundesliga was regarded as competitive, as five teams won the league title. This contrasted with the English Premier League, then dominated by a "Big Four" (Manchester United, Chelsea, Liverpool, and Arsenal), as well as France's Ligue 1, won seven consecutive years by Lyon. In the second decade, however, a resurgent Bayern Munich has won each year from 2013 to 2021 onward.

This is a document about FC Bayern Munich
  Bayern is historically the most successful team in German football, as they have won the most championships and the most cups. They are also Germany's most successful team in international competitions, having won fourteen trophies. Bayern is the only club have UEFA club cowon all three major European competitions, have won three consecutive European Cup and won the treble twice times.

This is a document about Borussia Mönchengladbach
  Borussia Verein für Leibesübungen 1900 e. V. Mönchengladbach, commonly known as Borussia Mönchengladbach, Mönchengladbach or Gladbach (abbreviated as Borussia MG, BMG), is a professional football club based in Mönchengladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, that plays in the Bundesliga, the top flight of German football. The club has won five League titles, three DFB-Pokals, and two UEFA Europa League titles. Borussia Mönchengladbach were founded in 1900, with its name derived from a Latinized form of Prussia, which was a popular name for German clubs in the former Kingdom of Prussia. The team joined the Bundesliga in 1965, and saw the majority of its success in the 1970s, where, under the guidance of Hennes Weisweiler

This is a document about Bundesliga
  In total, 43 clubs have won the German championship, including titles won before the Bundesliga's inception and those in the East German Oberliga. The record champions are Bayern Munich with 30 titles, ahead of BFC Dynamo with 10 (all in the DDR-Oberliga) and 1. FC Nürnberg with 9.

This is a document about Borussia Dortmund
  Ballspielverein Borussia 09 e. V. Dortmund, commonly known as Borussia Dortmund, BVB, or simply Dortmund, is a German professional sports club based in Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia. It is best known for its men's professional football team, which plays in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German football league system. The club have won eight league championships, five DFB-Pokals, one UEFA Champions League, one Intercontinental Cup, and one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup. Founded in 1909 by eighteen football players from Dortmund, the football team is part of a large membership-based sports club with more than 145,000 members, making Borussia Dortmund the second largest sports club by membership in Germany. The club has active departments in other sports, namely in women's handball. Since 1974, Dortmund have played their home games at Westfalenstadion; the

This is a document about All-time Bundesliga table
  The All-time Bundesliga table (Ewige Tabelle der Bundesliga) is a ranking of all German football clubs based on their performance in the Bundesliga, the top division of German football. In this ranking 3 points are awarded for a win, 1 for a draw, and 0 for a loss, although the Bundesliga awarded 2 points for a win until the 1994–95 season. In the 1983–84 season, Bayern Munich took the lead from 1. FC Köln, which had led the standings since the inception of the Bundesliga in 1963. The ranking includes the 56 teams which have played in the Bundesliga since its inception (in the 2019–20 season, Union Berlin joined the Bundesliga to become the league's 56th team). Hamburger SV was the last club to have participated in all seasons, but they were relegated after the 2017–18 season. Clubs highlighted in blue and green play in the Bundesliga in the 2021–22 season, which marks the 59th season since inception. Clubs highlighted in yellow were members of the inaugural 1963–64 Bundesliga which do not currently play in the Bundesliga. This list is current as of 22 May 2021, at the end of the 2020–21 season.

This is a document about Football records and statistics in Germany
  (Sorted by overall titles. Use sorting button to change criteria.) Last updated on 18 August 2021, following Bayern Munich winning the 2021 DFL-Supercup. The figures in bold represent the most times this competition has been won by a German team.

This is a document about Eintracht Frankfurt
  Eintracht Frankfurt e.V. is a German professional sports club based in Frankfurt, Hesse, that is best known for its football club, currently playing in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German football league system. The club was founded in 1899 and have won one German championship, five DFB-Pokals, one UEFA Cup and once finished as runner-up in the European Cup. The team was one of the founding members of the Bundesliga at its inception and has spent a total of 51 seasons in the top division, thus making them the seventh longest participating club in the highest tier of the league. The club's first matches from 1899 to 1906 were played on the former Hundswiese field, whose present day location

This is a document about List of UEFA club competition winners
  Real Madrid holds the record for the most overall titles with 22, followed by Milan's seventeen titles. Spanish teams hold the record for the most wins in each of the three main UEFA club competitions: Real Madrid, with thirteen European Cup/UEFA Champions League titles; Sevilla, with six UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League titles; and Barcelona, with four Cup Winners' Cup titles. Milan share the most Super Cup wins (five) with Barcelona, and the most Intercontinental Cup wins (three) with Real Madrid. German clubs Hamburger SV, Schalke 04 and VfB Stuttgart, and Spanish club Villarreal are the record holders by titles won

This is a document about Sport in Munich
  Munich is the most successful city in Bundesliga history. SpVgg Unterhaching joined FC Bayern Munich and TSV 1860 Munich in the 2000–01 season, making this Bundesliga season the only one in history where one city was represented by three teams. The success of Munich in German football doesn't stop there; Bayern has won 30 national championships, along with 20 DFB-Pokale, 6 UEFA Champions League/European Cups, 8 DFL-Supercups, 6 DFL-Ligapokale, 1 UEFA Cup, 1 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, 2 UEFA Super Cups, 2 Intercontinental Cups and 2 FIFA Club World Cups, for a total of 78 trophies. 1860 Munich has won 1 national championship along with 2 DFB-Pokale, leaving the city of Munich with 81 total trophies.

This is a document about Bundesliga records and statistics
  with Bayern Munich) and Felix Magath (2004–05 and 2005–06 with Bayern Munich and 2008–09 with VfL Wolfsburg) ; Highest number of different clubs to become champions with as a player: 2 by August Starek (1967–68 with 1. FC Nürnberg and 1968–69 with Bayern Munich), Ludwig Müller (1967–68 with 1. FC Nürnberg and 1969–70 and 1970–71 with Borussia Mönchengladbach), Herbert Zimmermann (1972–73 and 1973–74 with Bayern Munich and 1977–78 with 1. FC Köln), Franz Beckenbauer (1968–69, 1971–72 to 1973–74 with Bayern Munich and 1981–82 with Hamburger SV), Holger Willmer (1977–78 with 1. FC Köln and 1984–85 to 1986–87 with Bayern Munich),

This is a document about Bavaria
  Bavaria is home to several football clubs including FC Bayern Munich, 1. FC Nürnberg, FC Augsburg, TSV 1860 Munich, FC Ingolstadt 04 and SpVgg Greuther Fürth. Bayern Munich is the most successful football team in Germany having won a record 30 German titles and 6 UEFA Champions League titles. They are followed by 1. FC Nürnberg who have won 9 titles. SpVgg Greuther Fürth have won 3 championships while TSV 1860 Munich have been champions once.

Bayern Munich has won the Bundesliga the most times, with a total of 30 titles.


Question: when did south africa win the african cup of nations

Answer: 1996

This is a document about South Africa national soccer team
  The South Africa national football team represents South Africa in men's international soccer and it is run by the South African Football Association, the governing body for Soccer in South Africa. The team's nickname is Bafana Bafana, and South Africa's home ground is FNB Stadium, which is located in Johannesburg. The team's greatest result was winning the Africa Cup of Nations at home in 1996. The team is a member of both FIFA and Confederation of African Football (CAF). Having played their first match in 1906, they returned to the world stage in 1992, after 16 years of being banned from FIFA, and 40 years of effective suspension due to the apartheid system. South Africa

This is a document about February 2012 in sports
 Africa Cup of Nations in Equatorial Guinea and Gabon: ; Final:  0–0 (8–7 pen.)  🇨🇮 côte d'ivoire ; Zambia win the title for the first time.

This is a document about Soccer in South Africa
  The South Africa national team or Bafana Bafana (a Zulu term of endearment which means the boys, the boys) is the national team of South Africa and is controlled by the South African Football Association (SAFA). They returned to the world stage in 1992, after years of being banned by FIFA due to the apartheid system. The team has played at seven Africa Cup of Nations tournaments, winning once. The team has also played at three FIFA World Cups including, 1998 in France and 2002 in South Korea and Japan. South Africa became the first African nation to host the FIFA

This is a document about Africa Cup of Nations
  The CAF Africa Cup of Nations, officially CAN (Coupe d'Afrique des Nations), also referred to as AFCON, or Total Africa Cup of Nations after its headline sponsor, is the main international men's association football competition in Africa. It is sanctioned by the Confederation of African Football (CAF), and was first held in 1957. Since 1968, it has been held every two years, switching to odd-numbered years in 2013. In the first tournament in 1957, there were only three participating nations: Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia. South Africa was originally scheduled to compete, but was disqualified due to the apartheid policies of the government then in

This is a document about Rugby union in South Africa
  South Africa did not take part in the first two World Cups, held in 1987 and 1991, as they were still under an international boycott due to apartheid. South Africa however did play an important role in the first World Cup; despite knowing that they would not be able to participate, the delegates voted in favor and provided the swing vote for the World Cup. Since then South Africa have won the World Cup three times, in 1995 in their first appearance when they also hosted the event, and again in 2007 and 2019. The 1995 tournament concluded with then President Nelson Mandela (at the time described as the world's most famous former political prisoner), wearing a Springbok jersey and matching baseball cap, presenting the trophy to the

This is a document about South Africa at the Africa Cup of Nations
  Although South Africa participated in the Africa Cup of Nations much later than many African countries (the country was scheduled to participate in inaugural 1957 Africa Cup of Nations but was excluded because of apartheid ), as they participated for the first time as host of 1996 edition, South Africa has soon established itself as an emerging African power. The first edition South Africa participated was a complete success, with the team conquered their first, and only African trophy, on their debut. Since then, South Africa continues to participate and remains a reckoned force, though success has been elusive since 2000s. Outside the 1996 edition, South Africa also hosted 2013 Africa Cup of Nations and managed to advance to the quarter-finals. They again reached the quarter-finals in the 2019 edition of the tournament.

This is a document about FNB Stadium
  FNB stadium has been used by the South African national football team for both friendlies and qualification matches. It was seen as the de facto national stadium for Bafana Bafana after re-admission in 1992, who played their third ever international match there on 11 July 1992 where they drew 2–2 with Cameroon courtesy of goals from Phil and Bennett Masinga for South Africa in front of 65,000 supporters. The "old" FNB Stadium also housed the then South African Football Association (SAFA) headquarters as well as the offices of the semi-professional National Soccer League (which later traded as the professional Premier Soccer League).  The stadium has also hosted large continental club fixtures. It is largely remembered as the venue where Bafana Bafana lifted the 1996 Africa Cup of Nations when they beat Tunisia

This is a document about 1996 African Cup of Nations Final
  The 1996 African Cup of Nations Final was a football match that took place on 3 February 1996 at the FNB Stadium in Johannesburg, South Africa, to determine the winner of the 1996 African Cup of Nations, the football championship of Africa organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF). South Africa won their first title, beating Tunisia 2–0. The match was attended by both then-president Nelson Mandela, deputy president F. W. de Klerk and by then Sport Minister Steve Tshwete, and Bafana Bafana were congratulated by them, lifting the trophy in front of the multiracial home crowd.

This is a document about Soccer in South Africa
  when the apartheid system was beginning to be demolished, a new multi-racial South African Football Association was formed, and admitted to FIFA. On 7 July 1992, the South African national team played their first game in two decades, beating Cameroon 1–0. Since the integration of the country, it has developed the most sophisticated professional soccer structure in Africa, the Premier Soccer League. South Africa qualified for the 1998 and 2002 World Cups, but failed to progress past the group stage both times. They hosted (and won) the 1996 African Cup of Nations and hosted the 2010 World Cup, the first African nation to do so.

This is a document about Africa Cup of Nations
  Between 1980 and 1990, Cameroon managed to reach the final of the Africa Cup three times in a row, winning the competition twice in 1984 and 1988 and losing once on penalties against Egypt in the 1986 edition, the other dominant team during this period was Algeria, along with their solid 1982 and decent 1986 World Cup appearances, the North African nation lost in the final against hosts Nigeria in the 1980 tournament allowing the super eagles to capture their first championship. After the 1980 edition, Algeria reached the semi finals of every edition except the 1986 cup until they eventually won the competition in 1990. Ghana's fourth continental title came in the 1982 cup tournament where they beat host Libya in the final. The match ended in a 1–1 draw after 120 minutes and Ghana won the penalty shootout to become champions.

This is a document about South Africa at the FIFA Confederations Cup
  The South Africa national football team represented South Africa at the FIFA Confederations Cup on two occasions, in 1997 as the champions of 1996 Africa Cup of Nations and 2009 as host of both the tournament and the upcoming 2010 FIFA World Cup.

This is a document about 2015 Africa Cup of Nations Final
  their 20th Africa Cup of Nations tournament, their sole victory coming in 1992 when they defeated Ghana on sudden death in a penalty shootout at the end of a goalless draw. They later played in the final in 2006 and 2012, losing in shootouts after goalless draws against Egypt and Zambia respectively. Ghana also appeared in their 20th tournament, and their 9th final. They had previously won 4 (1963, 1965, 1978, 1982) and lost 4 (1968, 1970, 1992, 2010). At the start of the tournament, Ivory Coast were 3rd among African nations FIFA World Rankings (28th in the world), while Ghana were 5th (37th in the world).

This is a document about 2013 in South Africa
  South Africa's long term foreign currency Issuer Default Rating to 'BBB' from 'BBB+' and long-term local currency IDR to BBB+ from A. ; 15 – Anglo American subsidiary Anglo American Platinum announces it will mothball its two least profitable South African platinum mines, sell another and cut 14,000 jobs. ; 16 – Workers at three of Anglo American Platinum's mines go on illegal strike. ; 19 to 10 February – The 2013 Africa Cup of Nations takes place in South Africa and is won by Nigeria, with the Burkina Faso as the runner-up. ; 21 – A South African court finds Nigerian militant Henry Okah

This is a document about 2013 Africa Cup of Nations
  The 2013 Africa Cup of Nations, also known as the Orange Africa Cup of Nations South Africa 2013 for sponsorship reasons, held from 19 January to 10 February 2013, was the 29th Africa Cup of Nations, the football championship of Africa organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF). Starting from this edition, the tournament was switched to being held in odd-numbered years instead of even-numbered years so that it does not clash with the FIFA World Cup. South Africa hosted the tournament for the second time, after previously hosting the 1996 African Cup of Nations. The 2013 tournament is the highest attended edition of the Africa Cup of Nations under the current, 16-team format. The South African team was eliminated in the quarter-finals by Mali, following a penalty shoot-out. Zambia were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the group stage. Nigeria won its third Africa Cup of Nations championship with a 1–0 victory over Burkina Faso in the final. Nigeria participated in the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup in Brazil as the representative from CAF.

This is a document about South Africa national soccer team
  Following their successful 1996 and 1998 Africa Cup of Nations' campaigns and their World Cup debut in 1998, South Africa were seen as a growing power on the continent. Under the coaching of the newly hired Trott Moloto they would start the decade off strongly, finishing third in the 2000 edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, but as was increasingly symptomatic of soccer in South Africa at the national level, yet another coaching change was made. Portuguese Carlos Queiroz was hired as the man to take South Africa to the 2002 FIFA World Cup. South Africa qualified for the 2002 Africa Cup

This is a document about Orlando Pirates F.C.
  African continent and other areas of the football world took notice of Orlando Pirates Football Club when they won the African Champions Cup (now known as the Champions League) in 1995 and the African Super Cup a year later. Along with Mamelodi Sundowns, the Orlando Pirates are the only Southern Hemisphere club to have won the African Champions League. This achievement resulted in the club being honoured by the first State President of the new democratic South Africa, Nelson Mandela – another first for a South African sporting team. Club chairman, Irvin Khoza, who also served on the 2010 World Cup Bid Committee, must be credited with the club's rise to fame over the past few years as the Orlando Pirates supporters – who are nicknamed "The Ghost" –

This is a document about Soccer in South Africa
  Cup when it hosted the 19th FIFA World Cup in June 2010. The team's Siphiwe Tshabalala was also the first person to score in this World Cup during the opening game against Mexico. Despite defeating France 2–1 in their final game of the group stage, they failed to progress from the first round of the tournament, becoming the first host nation to do so. South Africa had participated in the FIFA Confederations Cup of 1997 and hosted in 2009. The team's highest achievement was winning the Africa Cup of Nations at home in 1996. The men's development team is made up

This is a document about Egypt national football team
 Coppa Africa.svg Africa Cup of Nations ; Winners: Gold medal africa.svg 1957, Gold medal africa.svg 1959, Gold medal africa.svg 1986, Gold medal africa.svg 1998, Gold medal africa.svg 2006, Gold medal africa.svg 2008, Gold medal africa.svg 2010 (Most successful team) ; Runners-up: Silver medal africa.svg 1962, Silver medal africa.svg 2017 ; Third place: Bronze medal africa.svg 1963, Bronze medal africa.svg 1970, Bronze medal africa.svg 1974 ; Fourth place: 1976, 1980, 1984 All-Africa Games ; Champions: 1987,  1995 ; Third place: 1973 Afro-Asian Cup of Nations ; Runners-up: 1988, 2007

This is a document about FNB Stadium
  in front of a full capacity in a match witnessed by then South African president, Nelson Mandela, his then deputy president and former South African State President, FW de Klerk, as well as Zulu monarch, King Zwelithini. The South African national football team also won their first ever trophy here when they lifted the Simba Four Nations Cup in 1995, in a competition featuring Egypt, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The venue for the first leg of the 1995 African Cup of Champions Clubs final, between Orlando Pirates and ASEC Abidjan. The stadium has also hosted the CAF Super Cup twice. It hosted the 1994 CAF Super Cup, between Zamalek and Al-Ahly, as well as the 1996 CAF Super Cup between Orlando Pirates and JS Kabylie. In 2004, the stadium hosted final of the

This is a document about Africa Cup of Nations
  their first-round elimination. Nigeria, who had just qualified to the World Cup for the first time in their history, won the tournament, beating Zambia, who a year before had been struck by disaster when most of their national squad died in a plane crash while traveling to play a 1994 World Cup qualification match. Nigerian forward Rashidi Yekini, who had led the 1992 tournament with four goals, repeated as the top scorer with five goals. South Africa hosted the 20th ACN competition in 1996, marking its first ever appearance after a decades-long ban was lifted with the end of

South Africa won the African Cup of Nations in 1996.


Question: who sings the goldie and bear theme song

Answer: Rob Cantor

This is a document about Goldie & Bear
  Goldie & Bear is an American animated preschool television series which began on September 12, 2015. The show was created for Disney Junior by Jorge Aguirre and Rick Gitelson. It was directed by Chris Gilligan and produced using CGI animation. It featured songs by Rob Cantor and score by Greg Nicolett and Gregory James Jenkins. Season one was produced by Milk Barn Animation and lasted from September 12, 2015 to August 15, 2016. The show was renewed for a second season in 2016, which was produced by Titmouse, Inc, that ran from September 18, 2017 to October 1, 2018.

This is a document about Old Bear Stories
  The theme tune was composed by Paul Castle and consists of the lyrics: Please read us a story Old Bear, we'll all gather round Dear Old Bear. Sit in your favourite chair, We'll sit all around, all around dear Old Bear. Listen The harmony vocals were provided by Alison Goldfrapp of the band Goldfrapp.

This is a document about Max and Paddy's Road to Nowhere
  The theme song was written by Toni Baker and Peter Kay, and borrowed heavily from the theme to the 1970s American series B. J. and the Bear. The lyrics are "Don't know where we're going, Got no way of knowing, Driving on the Road to Nowhere. Sponging for a living, Checkin' out the women, Riding on the Road to Nowhere... And we don't take shit from anyone, The only thing we wanna do is have some fun. It's Max and Paddy (Paddy and Max!), And best of all, we don't pay council tax!". Singer Tony Christie was to sing the show's theme, but his version was only used once, at the very end of the final episode. Kay and McGuinness themselves sang it in the opening sequences of episodes 2 to 6. Episode 1's opening theme is instrumental and episodes 1 - 5's closing themes are too.

This is a document about Adventures of the Gummi Bears
  The show is well-remembered for its theme music, written by Michael and Patty Silversher, and for the "gummiberry juice", a type of magic potion granting the bears the ability to bounce away from their foes. When given to humans, however, the juice temporarily grants them superhuman strength. The theme song was performed by Joseph Williams. The series was later rebroadcast on the syndicated Disney Afternoon block and rerun on the Disney Afternoon through the summer of 1991. In later years, it was shown on The Disney Channel (from October 7, 1991) to at least January 1997 and later on Toon Disney, with its most recent televised airing occurring on December 28, 2001. Seasons 1 to 3 of the series were released on DVD on November 14, 2006. On November 12, 2019, the series was released on Disney+.

This is a document about The Man with the Golden Gun (film)
  The theme tune to The Man with the Golden Gun, released in 1974, was performed by Scottish singer Lulu and composed by John Barry. Tony Bramwell, who worked for Harry Saltzman's music publishing company Hilary Music, wanted Elton John or Cat Stevens to sing the title song. However, by this time the producers were taking turns producing the films; Albert Broccoli—whose turn it was to produce—rejected Bramwell's suggestions. The lyrics to the Lulu song were written by Don Black and have been described variously as "ludicrous", "inane" and "one long stream of smut", because of their sexual innuendo. Bramwell subsequently dismissed the Barry-Lulu tune as "mundane". Alice Cooper wrote a song titled "Man with the Golden Gun" to be used by the producers of

This is a document about Big Bad Wolf
  falling into the Rivers of America. The Big Bad Wolf now appears in the Disney Junior preschool series Goldie & Bear also voiced by Jim Cummings. In the show he is called Big Bad Wolf or Big Bad (his real name is Aloysius.) He also has a new design where his black fur is now a light mixture of brown and grey and he wears an orange shirt with two green buttons. Like the original shorts Mickey Mouse Works and House Of Mouse in this show he is still in his evil ways like scaring people stealing making trouble and being rude.

This is a document about Pee-wee's Playhouse
  example when Pee-wee jumps into the Magic Screen), as well as inserted clay animation sequences (some made by Aardman Animations, who would later make Wallace & Gromit) and excerpts from cartoons from the Golden Age of American animation and in the public domain, usually presented by the character "The King of Cartoons". Each episode features specially written soundtrack music by rock and pop musicians such as Mark Mothersbaugh (Devo), Todd Rundgren, Mitchell Froom, and The Residents. The show's theme song performance is credited to "Ellen Shaw", though in her autobiography, Cyndi Lauper admits to being the actual singer. The show has many recurring gags, themes, and devices. Each episode usually contained a running gag particular to that episode, or a specific

This is a document about Play School (Australian TV series)
  The Play School theme song, "There's a Bear in There", was composed by Australian composer Richard Connolly, with lyrics by Rosemary Milne. "There's a bear in there, and a chair as well. There are people with games, and stories to tell. Open wide, come inside; it's Play School." in 2016, the song was remixed by Andre Butterworth aka Copycatt as the winner of the Triple J Play School remix competition which, along with two other remixes by KLP and Jondrette Den respectively, appeared on the Play School album Famous Friends: Celebrating 50 Years of Play School. In 2017 "There's a Bear in There" was inducted into the National Film and Sound Archive's Sounds of Australia registry.

This is a document about Goldilocks and the Three Bears
  was first released in 1970 as DL-3511 by Decca Custom Records for a special promotion of Evans-Black Carpets by Armstrong. When the promotion period had expired, the album was re-released by Disneyland Records as ST-3889 with an accompanying 12-page storybook. The recording is particularly important to the Bing Crosby career as he recorded commercial tracks in every year from 1926 to 1977 and this album represents his only recording work for 1969. ; In 2014, MC Frontalot released a hip-hop rendition of the story as part of the album, Question Bedtime, in which the narrator warns the three bears of a ruthless woman called Gold Locks who hunts and eats bear cubs. An official music video was uploaded in 2015. ; In 2016, professional wrestler Bray Wyatt read a dark version to Edge and Christian.

This is a document about ISIRTA songs
 sung by Bill Oddie ; Play: "Teddy and Rupert Bear"

This is a document about Oren Waters
 Brother Bear - Singer/Additional Voices

This is a document about The Complete Christmas Collection 1958–2010
  vocals (track 5) ; The kids from St. Michael's School, North Hollywood – backing vocals (track 5) ; Recording dates ; January 3, 1958 – track 24 ; July 1986 – tracks 1–10 ; 2001 – track 11 ; 2002 – tracks 12–21 ; 2006 – track 22 ; 2009–2010 – track 23 a. "Christmas Is for Everyone" (Richard Loring, Dorothy Wayne) b. "Where Can I Find Christmas?" from The Bear Who Slept Through Christmas (Doug Goodwin) a. "Every Christmas Eve" (Leslie Bricusse, Henry Mancini) b. "Giving (Santa's Theme)" (Leslie Bricusse, Henry Mancini) a. "Caroling, Caroling" (Alfred Burt, Wilha Hutson) b. "Happy Holiday" from Holiday Inn (Irving Berlin)

This is a document about The Berenstain Bears Play Ball
  The 25-minute special was created and written by Stan and Jan Berenstain and featured original music composed and conducted by Emmy-winning musician Elliot Lawrence, with lyrics provided by Stan Berenstain. The score included three original songs. It was the last of five Berenstain Bears animated specials that aired on NBC from 1979 to 1983. Some of the production staff would continue to work on the next adaptation: 1985's The Berenstain Bears Show, including Joe Cates and Buzz Potamkin. Elliott Lawrence continues to score music for the episodes which are based on his compositions from the five specials, although faster pace. While they no longer break out in song, the theme music (matching part of Stars and Stripes Forever) resembles the song lyrics from the specials. The program is now produced by Southern Star with new voice actors.

This is a document about Goldilocks and the Three Bears
  their garage to check on the status of the family Hummers. Mama Bear and Papa Bear are relieved that both vehicles are still in place, but Baby Bear is distraught to find his missing as the camera cuts away to Goldilocks (in this version portrayed by a very attractive young woman) rakishly smiling as she makes her getaway in Baby Bear's Hummer down a scenic mountain road. ; Disney Junior's Goldie & Bear premiered in 2016. The tale is set after the events of the story where Goldilocks (voiced by Natalie Lander) and Jack Bear (voiced by Georgie Kidder) eventually became best friends.

This is a document about Jon Arthur
  At WSAI in Cincinnati, Arthur began the Big Jon and Sparkie show, carried daily on 181 ABC stations beginning in 1950. ABC also aired his two-hour Saturday show, No School Today, heard weekly by 12 million listeners on 275 stations. The show's theme song was "Teddy Bears' Picnic" as sung by Ann Stephens. Cincinnati's Don Kortekamp, who was an editor at WSAI, teamed up with Arthur to become the scriptwriter of Big Jon and Sparkie. Arthur originally created the character of Sparkie as a young scamp who would interrupt him while he was on the air. WSAI's station manager asked Kortekamp and Arthur to expand this into

This is a document about Goldilocks (album)
 Bing Crosby (Himself/Papa Bear) ; Kathryn Crosby (Herself/Mama Bear) ; Mary Frances Crosby (Herself/Goldilocks) ; Nathaniel Crosby (Himself/Baby Bear) ; Avery Schreiber (Forest Animals) and ; Paul Winchell (Narrator, Bob Cat, Animals) Goldilocks is a 12" soundtrack vinyl album taken from the live-action/animated De-Patie-Freleng TV film Goldilocks shown on NBC on March 31, 1970. It was first released in 1970 as DL-3511 by Disneyland Records for a special promotion of Evans-Black Carpets by Armstrong. The album could be purchased for $2.25. When the promotion period had expired, the album was re-released by Disneyland Records as ST-3889 with an accompanying 12-page storybook. The recording is particularly important to the Bing Crosby career as he recorded commercial tracks in every year from 1926 to

This is a document about Josie and the Pussycats (TV series)
  The show's theme song, titled "Josie and the Pussycats", was written by Hoyt Curtin, William Hanna (under the pseudonym "Denby Williams") and Joseph Barbera (under the pseudonym "Joseph Roland"). The theme song was based on melodies from an incidental tune that had been played on various Hanna-Barbera cartoons since The Jetsons. A cover of "Josie and the Pussycats" performed by Juliana Hatfield and Tanya Donelly is included on the 1995 tribute album Saturday Morning: Cartoons' Greatest Hits, produced by Ralph Sall for MCA Records. The theme song was also covered on the soundtrack for the 2001 live-action film based on the comic book series.

This is a document about Country Bear Vacation Hoedown
 "The Great Outdoors" - The 5 Bear Rugs and Henry ; "Life's No Picnic Without You" - Trixie ; "On the Road Again" - Wendell ; "We Can Make It To the Top" - Liver Lips McGrowl ; "California Bears" - The Sun Bonnets, Gomer, Max, Buff, and Melvin ; "Two Different Worlds" - Terrence the Shaker (with Dolores the octopus) ; "Rocky Top" - The 5 Bear Rugs ; "Nature" - Ernest the Dude ; "Singin' In the Rain" - Teddi Barra and Henry ; "Ghost Riders In the Sky" - The 5 Bear Rugs ; "On My Way To Your Heart" - Big Al ; "Thank God I'm a Country Bear" - Cast "The Great Outdoors" - The 5 Bear Rugs and Henry (sung in Japanese) ; "On the Road Again" - Wendell (sung in Japanese) ; "Achy Breaky Heart" - Trixie (Verses 1

This is a document about The Office (British TV series)
  The theme song for the show is "Handbags and Gladrags", arranged by Big George and originally written in the 1960s by Mike D'Abo, former vocalist for the rock group Manfred Mann. The song "Sitting" by Cat Stevens was also considered by Gervais and Merchant to be the theme song for the show but was later rejected. In series 1, episode 4, a version performed by Gervais (in character as Brent) was featured over the end credits. The first series also features Gervais performing "Free Love Freeway" and the Christmas Special includes him performing "If You Don't Know Me By Now".

This is a document about The Teddy Bear Song
  "The Teddy Bear Song" is a 1973 single written by Don Earl and Nick Nixon, and made famous by country music vocalist Barbara Fairchild. Released in December 1972, the song was Fairchild's only No. 1 song on the Billboard magazine Hot Country Singles chart in March 1973. The song also became a modest pop hit, peaking at No. 32 on the Billboard Hot 100 in June 1973.

The theme song for "Goldie and Bear" is composed by Paul Bearse and sung by Alison Goldfrapp of the band Goldfrapp.


Question: who was punished for the my lai massacre

Answer: William Laws Calley Jr.

This is a document about United States war crimes
  The My Lai massacre was the mass murder of 347 to 504 unarmed citizens in South Vietnam, almost entirely civilians, most of them women and children, conducted by U.S. soldiers from the Company C of the 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry Regiment, 11th Brigade of the 23rd (American) Infantry Division, on 16 March 1968. Some of the victims were raped, beaten, tortured, or maimed, and some of the bodies were found mutilated. The massacre took place in the hamlets of Mỹ Lai and My Khe of Sơn Mỹ village during the Vietnam War. Of the 26 U.S. soldiers initially charged with criminal offenses or war crimes for actions at My Lai, only William Calley

This is a document about Mỹ Lai massacre
  The Mỹ Lai massacre (Thảm sát Mỹ Lai ) was the mass murder of unarmed South Vietnamese civilians by U.S. troops in Sơn Tịnh District, South Vietnam, on 16 March 1968 during the Vietnam War. Between 347 and 504 unarmed people were killed by U.S. Army soldiers from Company C, 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry Regiment and Company B, 4th Battalion, 3rd Infantry Regiment, 11th Brigade, 23rd (Americal) Infantry Division. Victims included men, women, children, and infants. Some of the women were gang-raped and their bodies mutilated, as were children as young as 12. Twenty-six soldiers were charged with criminal offenses, but only Lieutenant William Calley Jr., a platoon leader in C Company, was convicted. Found guilty of killing 22 villagers, he was originally given a

This is a document about 23rd Infantry Division (United States)
  of 22 Vietnamese civilians. President Richard Nixon soon intervened and on 1 April 1971 ordered Calley transferred from Fort Leavenworth to house arrest at Fort Benning, pending his appeal. Calley, the only person convicted for the slaughter of hundreds innocent Vietnamese civilians at My Lai, eventually served only three and half years of house arrest and was released in September 1974. The brigade responsible for the My Lai Massacre, the 11th Brigade, had seen the replacement Brigadier General John W. Donaldson be tried for shooting civilians from helicopters on 13 separate incidents. Donaldson was the highest-ranking officer to undergo court-martial during

This is a document about United States in the Vietnam War
  the killings, but only Calley was convicted. He was given a life sentence by a court-martial in 1970, but after numerous appeals, he was finally set free; he had served just over three years of house arrest. Although My Lai generated a lot of civilian recriminations and bad publicity for the military, it was not the only massacre. The Vietnam War Crimes Working Group Files made public in 1994 by the "Freedom of Information Act" reveals seven, albeit much smaller, massacres previously unacknowledged by the Pentagon, in which at least 137 civilians had died.Civilian Killings Went Unpunished Cover-ups may have occurred in other cases, as detailed in the Pulitzer Prize-winning series of articles concerning the Tiger Force of the 101st Airborne Division by the Toledo Blade in 2003.

This is a document about United States Disciplinary Barracks
 Michael Behenna – Convicted of killing Iraqi prisoner Ali Mansur Mohamed while deployed to Iraq in 2008. Behenna was sentenced to 15 years of confinement, and was granted parole on 14 March 2014, after serving five years of his sentence. President Donald Trump granted him a full pardon on 6 May 2019. ; William Calley – Convicted for his part in the My Lai Massacre. Originally given a life sentence, President Richard Nixon ordered the Army to transfer him from Fort Leavenworth to house arrest in Fort Benning one day after he was sentenced. ; Charles Graner – Convicted of prisoner abuse in

This is a document about David Zeiger
  Zeiger's My Lai Massacre documents the Vietnam War mass murder of unarmed South Vietnamese civilians by U.S. troops in Sơn Tịnh District, South Vietnam, on 16 March 1968. Between 347 and 504 unarmed people were killed by U.S. Army soldiers from Company C, 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry Regiment and Company B, 4th Battalion, 3rd Infantry Regiment, 11th Brigade, 23rd (Americal) Infantry Division. Victims included men, women, children, and infants. Some of the women were gang-raped and their bodies mutilated, as were children as young as 12. Twenty-six soldiers were charged with criminal offenses, but only Lieutenant William Calley Jr., a platoon leader in C Company, was convicted. Found guilty of killing 22 villagers, he was originally given a life sentence, but served only three and a half years under house arrest. Zeiger reveals what he calls a "secret" of the Vietnam War, that My Lai was not unusual for U.S. forces but actually routine. He quotes Army Specialist 5 Ronald L. Ridenhour, who wrote a letter in March 1969 to thirty members of Congress imploring them to investigate the massacre, as saying "this was an operation, not an aberration."

This is a document about 1970 in the Vietnam War
  the U.S. Embassy, was extradited to the U.S. and served seven years in prison, while McKay sought refuge with the Khmer Rouge who apparently killed him. A U.S. Navy EC-121 Warning Star crashed on landing at Da Nang Air Base. The aircraft struck a hangar and caught fire killing 22 of the 31-man crew. The Peers Commission presented their report on the Mỹ Lai massacre. The report found that members of the 23rd Infantry Division had killed at least 175–200 Vietnamese men, women and children and that senior officers at brigade and divisional levels had participated in covering-up the incident. The Cambodian National Assembly voted to remove Sihanouk from power with Lon

This is a document about Mỹ Lai massacre
  sentence, but served three-and-a-half years under house arrest. This war crime, which was later called "the most shocking episode of the Vietnam War", took place in two hamlets of Sơn Mỹ village in Quảng Ngãi Province. These hamlets were marked on the U.S. Army topographic maps as Mỹ Lai and Mỹ Khê. The U.S. Army slang name for the hamlets and sub-hamlets in that area was Pinkville, and the carnage was initially referred to as the Pinkville Massacre. Later, when the U.S. Army started its investigation, the media changed it to the Massacre at Songmy. Currently, the event is referred to as the Mỹ Lai Massacre in the United States and called the Sơn Mỹ Massacre in Vietnam. The incident prompted global outrage when

This is a document about Mỹ Lai massacre
  On the whole, aside from the Mỹ Lai courts-martial, there were 36 military trials held by the U.S. Army from January 1965 to August 1973 for crimes against civilians in Vietnam. Some authors have argued that the light punishments of the low-level personnel present at Mỹ Lai and unwillingness to hold higher officials responsible was part of a pattern in which the body-count strategy and the so-called "Mere Gook Rule" encouraged U.S. soldiers to err on the side of killing suspected Vietnamese enemies even if there was a very good chance that they were civilians. This in turn, Nick Turse argues, made lesser known massacres like Mỹ Lai and a pattern of war crimes common in Vietnam.

This is a document about Hugh Thompson Jr.
  long period of rehabilitation. When news of the massacre publicly broke, Thompson repeated his account to then-Colonel William Wilson and then-Lieutenant General William Peers during their official Pentagon investigations. In late-1969, Thompson was summoned to Washington, DC to appear before a special closed hearing of the House Armed Services Committee. There, he was sharply criticized by congressmen, in particular Chairman Mendel Rivers (D-S.C.), who were anxious to play down allegations of a massacre by American troops. Rivers publicly stated that he felt Thompson was the only soldier at Mỹ Lai who should be punished (for turning his weapons on fellow American troops) and unsuccessfully attempted

This is a document about William Calley
  sentenced to life imprisonment and hard labor at Fort Leavenworth, which includes the United States Disciplinary Barracks, the Department of Defense's only maximum security prison. Calley was the only one convicted of the 26 officers and soldiers initially charged for their part in the Mỹ Lai massacre or the subsequent cover-up. Many observers saw My Lai as a direct result of the military's attrition strategy with its emphasis on body counts and kill ratios. Many in the United States were outraged by what they perceived to be an overly harsh sentence for Calley. Georgia's Governor, Jimmy Carter, future President of the United States, instituted American Fighting

This is a document about William Calley
  The events in My Lai were initially covered up by the U.S. Army. In April 1969, nearly 13 months after the massacre, Ron Ridenhour, a GI who had been with the 11th Brigade, wrote letters to the President, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Secretary of Defense and 30 members of Congress. In these letters, Ridenhour described some of the atrocities committed by the soldiers at My Lai that he had been told about. Calley was charged on September 5, 1969, with six specifications of premeditated murder for the deaths of 109 South Vietnamese civilians near the village of Sơn Mỹ, at a hamlet called

This is a document about Post-conflict reception of war criminals
  Twenty soldiers were awarded the Medal of Honor, the United States' highest military honor, for alleged "gallantry" and "bravery" during the 1890 Wounded Knee Massacre in which hundreds of Lakota civilians were killed. In 2019, Senators Elizabeth Warren and Jeff Merkley introduced a bill to revoke the medals. Only one United States soldier was convicted for the 1968 My Lai massacre of between 347 and 504 unarmed Vietnamese civilians by U.S. Army units. However, Seymour Hersch's reporting on the massacre, "I sent them a good boy and they made him a murderer", won the Pulitzer Prize. President Donald Trump's use of pardon powers to pardon soldiers convicted of or charged with war crimes has attracted criticism. According to law professor Stuart Ford, some of the pardons are illegal under international law, which requires that countries hold war criminals accountable.

This is a document about Mỹ Lai massacre
  the intention of raping them. When the women refused, he reportedly shot at them. ; PFC Varnado Simpson – Rifleman; 2nd Platoon; admitted that he slew around 10 people in My Lai on CPT Medina's orders to kill not only people, but even cats and dogs. He fired at a group of people where he allegedly saw a man with a weapon, but instead killed a woman with a baby. He committed suicide in 1997, after repeatedly acknowledging remorse for several murders in Mỹ Lai. ; SGT Kenneth Hodges, squad leader, was charged with rape and murder during the My Lai Massacre. In every interview given he strictly claimed that he was following orders.

This is a document about William Calley
  Lai, called simply "My Lai" in the United States press. As many as 500 villagers – mostly women, children, infants, and the elderly – had been systematically killed by U.S. soldiers during a bloody rampage on March 16, 1968. Upon conviction, Calley could have faced the death penalty. On November 12, 1969, investigative reporters Seymour Hersh and Wayne Greenhaw broke the story and revealed that Calley had been charged with murdering 109 South Vietnamese. Calley's trial started on November 17, 1970. It was the military prosecution's contention that Calley, in defiance of the rules of engagement, ordered his men to deliberately murder unarmed Vietnamese civilians, even though

This is a document about March 1968
 The My Lai Massacre took place as Company C of the First Battalion of the U.S. Army's 20th Infantry Regiment killed 504 women, children and elderly men in Xom Lang, a small portion of the Son My village, and which U.S. military maps had identified as "My Lai (4)", within South Vietnam's Quang Nam province. Other estimates given are "between 347 and 504 Vietnamese civilians" were killed" The Army would cover up the incident for more than a year until a helicopter pilot who had seen the aftermath, Ron Ridenour, was told about the massacre at "Pinkville" by other members of Company C. After confirming the story with other company members, Ridenour, in turn, would notify his Arizona congressman, Morris K. Udall, the following March, and

This is a document about Samuel W. Koster
  On March 16, 1968, a company of Americal Division troops led by Captain Ernest Medina and Lieutenant William Calley slaughtered hundreds of civilians in a South Vietnamese hamlet known as My Lai (referred to as "Pinkville" by the troops). While no official count was made, soldiers and investigators later estimated that 350 to 500 women, children and old men were killed with grenades, rifles, bayonets, and machine guns; some were burned to death in their huts. Corpses were piled in ditches that became mass graves. No Viet Cong were ever discovered in the village and no shots were fired in opposition. To many Americans at home, the massacre marked the moral nadir of the war in Southeast Asia and became a pivotal event in the conflict.

This is a document about 23rd Infantry Division (United States)
  of Staff of the United States Army and U.S. Army Europe Commander ; Frederick Lippitt ; Finnis Dawson McCleery, Medal of Honor recipient 14 May 1968 action ; Thomas Joseph McMahon, Medal of Honor recipient 19 March 1969 action ; Ernest Medina, infamous participant in My Lai Massacre ; Marc W. Miller ; Robert Charles Murray, Medal of Honor recipient 14 May 1969 action ; Tim O'Brien, 1969–70 ; Colin Powell, 1968–70, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff ; Robert Joseph Pruden, Medal of Honor recipient 29 November 1969 action ; Tom Ridge, 1969–70 ; H. Norman Schwarzkopf, 1969–70 ; James

This is a document about June 1968
  Frank A. Barker, 40, was killed in a helicopter crash in South Vietnam. Three months earlier, Barker had ordered a U.S. Army task force to clear the area around My Lai, where the My Lai Massacre of 347 civilians at Song My village had taken place on March 16.  "Whether or not Barker directly ordered the deliberate killing of noncombatants," a historian would write later, a U.S. Army Captain under his command would testify before a board of inquiry "that Barker had instructed him to destroy the hamlet known as My Lai".  The board would conclude that Barker "was culpable of at least 11 violations of army regulations, some of which were considered war crimes".

This is a document about Mỹ Lai massacre
  Dog by subordinates. He planned, ordered, and supervised the execution of the operation in Sơn Mỹ village. Was accused of failure to report a felony and of murder; went to trial and was acquitted. ; CPT Earl Michaels – Charlie Company commander during My Lai operation; he died in a helicopter crash three months later. ; BG George H. Young Jr. – assistant division commander, 23rd Infantry Division; charged with alleged cover-up, failure to obey lawful regulations and dereliction of duty by the Army; charges were dismissed. ; MAJ Frederic W. Watke – commander of Company B, 123rd Aviation Battalion, 23rd Infantry Division, providing helicopter support on 16

Lieutenant William Calley was the only soldier convicted for the My Lai massacre, receiving a life sentence, which was later reduced to house arrest. However, it's important to note that there were other soldiers involved, and some were charged but not convicted. The military hierarchy was also criticized for not holding higher-ranking officers accountable.


Question: where does the money for subsidies come from

Answer: government

This is a document about Party subsidies
  Party subsidies or public funding of political parties are subsidies paid by the government directly to a political party to fund some or all of its political activities. Most democracies (in one way or the other) provide cash grants (state aid) from taxpayers' money, the general revenue fund, for party activity. Such funds may cover routine or campaign costs incurred by the party. Among the established democracies the United States, Switzerland and India are the most notable exceptions. Party subsidies can be relatively small (as in the U.K.) or quite generous (as in Sweden, Israel and Japan). In the U.S., the Presidential Fund takes money from the general

This is a document about Subsidy
  A subsidy or government incentive is a form of financial aid or support extended to an economic sector (business, or individual) generally with the aim of promoting economic and social policy. Although commonly extended from the government, the term subsidy can relate to any type of support – for example from NGOs or as implicit subsidies. Subsidies come in various forms including: direct (cash grants, interest-free loans) and indirect (tax breaks, insurance, low-interest loans, accelerated depreciation, rent rebates). Furthermore, they can be broad or narrow, legal or illegal, ethical or unethical. The most common forms of subsidies are those to the producer or the consumer. Producer/production subsidies ensure producers are better off by either supplying market price support, direct support, or payments to factors of production. Consumer/consumption subsidies commonly reduce the price of goods and services to the consumer. For example, in the US at one time it was cheaper to buy gasoline than bottled water.

This is a document about Political finance
  of public support (in cash or kind). Although government subsidies are now common in western democracies, such subsidies remain controversial. Because matching funds and tax credits depend on financial contributions by individual citizens such support is more compatible with participatory democracy than flat grants that do not require specific efforts by the fundraising organizations. Taxpayers in continental Europe and non-western democracies (like Israel and Japan) provide higher amounts towards party activity than their Anglo-Saxon counterparts. Many party headquarters in the high-subsidy countries cover between 40 and 60 per cent of their annual budget via public grants. Such heavy involvement of the taxpayer calls for a maximum of transparency for political funds.

This is a document about Agricultural subsidy
  Subsidies are also given to companies and individuals with little connection to traditional farming. It has been reported that the largest part of the sum given to these companies flow to multinational companies like food conglomerates, sugar manufacturers and liquor distillers. For example, in France, the single largest beneficiary was the chicken processor Groupe Doux, at €62.8m, and was followed by about a dozen sugar manufacturers which together reaped more than €103m.

This is a document about Party finance in Sweden
  Public subsidies are the major source of party funds in Sweden. At the national level they provide 80 to 90 per cent of the major parties' annual revenue.

This is a document about Center for Excellence in Education
  To date, CEE has received funds from the U.S. Department of State, the U.S. Agency for International Development, the National Science Foundation, the United States Information Agency, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the National Security Agency, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Department of Agriculture, the Small Business Administration, and the Department of Energy. Private individuals and corporations, however, provide most of CEE's funding.

This is a document about Foundation for Political Innovation
  Funded by the UMP when it was created in 2004, it has not received subsidies from any political party since 2005. The Foundation for Political Innovation is recognized as being of public interest, and as such receives a grant from the Prime Minister. Its resources are public, up to 74% in 2017 (79% en 2014 7), and private. The support of businesses and individuals also contributes to the development of its activities. In 2012, the Foundation received 1.113.200 public subsidies 5. In 2017 this figure amounts to 1.440.000 euros.

This is a document about Energy subsidy
  Energy subsidies are measures that keep prices for customers below market levels, or for suppliers above market levels, or reduce costs for customers and suppliers. Energy subsidies may be direct cash transfers to suppliers, customers, or related bodies, as well as indirect support mechanisms, such as tax exemptions and rebates, price controls, trade restrictions, and limits on market access. In July, 2020, The Guardian reported that "governments [were] spending vastly more in support of fossil fuels than on low-carbon energy in rescue packages triggered by the coronavirus crisis...despite rhetoric from many countries in support of a 'green recovery'." A 2020 report by the International Renewable Energy Agency tracked some $634 billion in energy-sector subsidies in 2020, and found that around 70% went to fossil fuels. Only 20% went to renewable power generation, 6% to biofuels and just over 3% to

This is a document about Coal
  Broadly defined total subsidies for coal in 2015 have been estimated at around US$2.5 trillion, about 3% of global GDP. G20 countries provide at least US$63.9 billion of government support per year for the production of coal, including coal-fired power: many subsidies are impossible to quantify but they include US$27.6 billion in domestic and international public finance, US$15.4 billion in fiscal support, and US$20.9 billion in state-owned enterprise (SOE) investments per year. In the EU state aid to new coal-fired plants is banned from 2020, and to existing coal-fired plants from 2025. As pf 2018, government funding for new coal power plants was supplied by Exim Bank of China, the Japan Bank for International Cooperation and Indian public sector banks. Coal in Kazakhstan was the main recipient of coal consumption subsidies totalling US$2 billion in 2017. Coal in Turkey benefited from substantial subsidies in 2021.

This is a document about Bus transport in the United Kingdom
  For 2014/15, subsidies (including the cost of concessionary fares) in England were £2.3 billion, made up of £826 million for London, £516 million for metropolitan areas outside London and £951 million for non-metropolitan areas. In Scotland, they were £291 million for 2013/14.

This is a document about Federal political financing in Canada
  When an election takes place, perhaps the most significant source of public funding for the federal political parties is the election expenses reimbursement which subsidizes 50% of the national campaign expenses of any party that obtains at least 2 per cent support, or at least 5 per cent in the ridings (electoral districts) in which they presented candidates. In addition to this, the parties' riding organizations are also reimbursed 60% of all expenses incurred by their candidates in each riding where they obtained at least 10% of the votes, plus 100% of allowable "personal expenses". The reimbursements are also referred to as "government rebates", "government transfers", or "election rebates". Under this subsidy, the more a party spends, the more they are subsidized. The subsidy therefore magnifies the public funds allocated by tax credits on political contributions and by the per-vote subsidies. It also means that loans to political parties and their candidates can play a significant role in determining how much public money is received by the parties. During the 2008 election, the Conservatives spent the most, and, as a result, received the largest reimbursements under this public subsidy in 2009.

This is a document about Fulbright Academy
  The Fulbright Academy raised funds from public agencies, corporations, and individuals worldwide to carry out its programs. Major support come from the German-American Fulbright Commission, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Qatar Foundation, Accenture, Monsanto, Singapore's Agency for Science Technology & Research, Panama's National Secretariat for Science Technology & Innovation, Morocco's Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research, and the US National Science Foundation, among others. More than two dozen public agencies in the US and abroad provided support, including government ministries and agencies in Ecuador, El Salvador, Germany, Hungary, Libya, Macedonia, Morocco, Panama, Qatar, Singapore, and United Arab Emirates, plus the UN, UNEP, and UNESCO.

This is a document about Rail subsidies
  Many countries offer subsidies to their railways because of the social and economic benefits that it brings. The economic benefits can greatly assist in funding the rail network. Those countries usually also fund or subsidize road construction, and therefore effectively also subsidize road transport. Rail subsidies vary in both size and how they are distributed, with some countries funding the infrastructure and others funding trains and their operators, while others have a mixture of both. Subsidies can be used for either investment in upgrades and new lines, or to keep lines running that create economic growth. Rail subsidies are largest in China ($130 billion) and Europe (€73 billion), while the United States has relatively small subsidies for passenger rail with freight not subsidized.

This is a document about Inter-American Dialogue
  The Dialogue's funding comes from a diverse group of corporations, governments, foundations and multilateral organizations. In 2018, grants and contributions represented 35% of the Dialogue's revenue, government grants accounted for 26% and the corporate program provided an additional 15% of the think-tank's funding. Major donors span the globe, from foundations in El Salvador, Ford Foundation, Henry Luce Foundation, Vidanta Foundation and the Van Leer Foundation. Several governments, such as Switzerland, South Korea, and the United States, provide funding through their foreign affairs ministries. Major private sector donors from around the world, including the BMW Corporation, Pearson, and Ladrillera Santafé financially support the Dialogue, as do many individual donors from the United States and Latin America. The Dialogue's mission is also supported by multilateral organizations that work in the region, like the CAF-Development Bank of Latin America, the Inter-American Development Bank, and the Organization of American States.

This is a document about Agriculture in Austria
  of livestock holdings. Quotas exist for many different products, with the quotas usually fixed on the basis of past production. Price and quality controls and limits also exist, especially with respect to different prices for different grades of wheat or milk. The government can also pay direct income supplements, but these payments are generally restricted to certain mountain farming zones and other equally disadvantaged areas. Subsidies are mainly paid by the federal government but may in some instances be paid by provincial governments. Because of the complex system of price supports and market access limitations, the exact share of subsidy costs to the government and to consumers is virtually impossible to calculate. Experts estimate that

This is a document about Fossil fuel
  the European Union with $289 billion, and India with $209 billion. Had there been no subsidies for fossil fuels, global carbon emissions would have been lowered by an estimated 28% in 2015, air-pollution-related deaths reduced by 46%, and government revenue increased by $2.8 trillion or 3.8% of GDP. United States government subsidies include financing provided by the US Export-Import Bank (USEIB), an agency of the US federal government, for overseas projects by large petrochemical corporations. During the administration of US President Obama, USEIB provided close to $34 billion to finance 70 fossil fuel projects around the world, including in Queensland, Australia, Mpumalanga, South Africa, and Madhya Pradesh, India. '

This is a document about Insurgency in Balochistan
  The Federal government announced it would transfer Rs4 billion subsidy to Provincial Government to be passed onto farmers in Balochistan to promote for tube-wells. The Provincial Government announced it would spend further Rs3 billion to support the Federal Programme. However, high levels of corruption amongst civil servants and senior ministers may mean the common man only gets partial benefit.

This is a document about Party finance in Germany
  Public Subsidies Have Become a Major Source of Party Funds in West Germany, but Not in Great Britain'. In: Heidenheimer, Arnold J. (ed.): ''Comparative Political Finance. The Financing of Party Organizations and Election Campaigns''. Lexington MA: D.C. Heath, 1970, pp. 23-49. (13) Pinto-Duschinsky, Michael, The Party Foundations and Political Finance in Germany. In: Seidle, Leslie F. (ed.), Comparative Issues in Party and Election Finance. Toronto, ON: Dundurn Press, 1991, pp. 179–250. ISBN: 1-55002-100-1 (14) Schleth, Uwe: ''Parteifinanzen. Eine Studie über Kosten und Finanzierung der Parteitätigkeit, zu deren Problematik und zu den Möglichkeiten der Reform''. Meisenheim am Glan: Anton Hain, 1973.

This is a document about 2012 Taiwanese legislative election
  According to the "Civil Servants Election And Recall Act", subsidies are payable to the political parties who sponsor candidates for Legislative Yuan elections. Article 43 has the following specifications: Every year the state shall apportion subsidies for campaign to the political parties, and the standard of apportionment shall be determined based on the latest election of members of the Legislative Yuan. If a ratio of vote attained by the political party achieves not less than 5% in the national integrated election and the overseas election of central civil servants, the subsidy for campaign funds shall be granted to the political party by a rate of NT$50 per vote every year. The Central Election Commission shall work out the amount of the subsidy every fiscal year, and notify the party to prepare the receipt and receive the subsidy from the Central Election Commission within 1 month, till the tenure of the current session of the members of the Legislative Yuan expires.

This is a document about Subsidy
  Some governments subsidise transport, especially rail and bus transport, which decrease congestion and pollution compared to cars. In the EU, rail subsidies are around €73 billion, and Chinese subsidies reach $130 billion. Publicly-owned airports can be an indirect subsidy if they lose money. The European Union, for instance, criticizes Germany for its high number of money-losing airports that are used primarily by low cost carriers, characterizing the arrangement as an illegal subsidy. In many countries, roads and highways are paid for through general revenue, rather than tolls or other dedicated sources that are paid only by road users, creating an indirect subsidy for road transportation. The fact that long-distance buses in Germany do not pay tolls has been called an indirect subsidy by critics, who point to track access charges for railways.

Subsidies are typically funded by the government's general revenue. In some cases, subsidies may come from specific taxes or fees. For example, in the European Union, agricultural subsidies are funded through the Common Agricultural Policy, which is financed through the EU budget. In other cases, subsidies may be funded through a combination of sources, such as taxes, fees, and government borrowing.


Question: most serious toxic effect of acute acetaminophen overdose

Answer: Paracetamol poisoning

This is a document about Cheese (recreational drug)
  each drugs overdose to manifest. The acetaminophen content of the drug induces severe, irreversible damage to the liver when taken in high doses for long periods of time. Very high doses of acetaminophen are capable of producing acute liver failure and death within hours, and patients who survive this acute phase of the toxicity generally require dialysis and eventually a liver transplant. Due to the many methods of preparation a user can not know how much acetaminophen is in any given batch and therefore can not reliably determine a safe dose. A dose of the last batch which produced no toxic effects may produce lethal effects in the next batch.

This is a document about Paracetamol poisoning
  Paracetamol poisoning, also known as acetaminophen poisoning, is caused by excessive use of the medication paracetamol (acetaminophen). Most people have few or non-specific symptoms in the first 24 hours following overdose. These include feeling tired, abdominal pain, or nausea. This is typically followed by a couple of days without any symptoms, after which yellowish skin, blood clotting problems, and confusion occurs as a result of liver failure. Additional complications may include kidney failure, pancreatitis, low blood sugar, and lactic acidosis. If death does not occur, people tend to recover fully over a couple of weeks. Without treatment, death from toxicity occurs 4 to 18 days later. Paracetamol poisoning can occur accidentally or as an attempt to end one's life. Risk

This is a document about Antiarthritics
  Hepatotoxicity is often associated with the overdose of acetaminophen causing acute liver failure. The maximum recommended daily dosage for an adult is 4000 mg.

This is a document about Butalbital/acetaminophen
  Butalbital exerts its toxicity through excessive sedation, resulting in respiratory depression and ultimately death via hypoxia. Nonlethal overdoses may also result in coma and death. There is no specific antidote to barbiturate overdose; treatment is supportive, generally including the administration of intravenous saline, naloxone, thiamine, glucose, sodium bicarbonate to alkalize the urine and increase rate of excretion, and activated charcoal via nasogastric tube. Acetaminophen exerts its toxicity through the production of a toxic metabolite that can cause liver damage at doses as low as four grams. Larger doses can precipitate acute liver failure, acute kidney injury, or gastrointestinal bleeding; death has been known to occur with ingestion of ten to fifteen grams. The specific antidote to acetaminophen overdose is N-acetylcysteine.

This is a document about Paracetamol
  Overdoses of paracetamol, that is, taking more than the recommended maximum daily dose of paracetamol for healthy adults of three or four grams, can cause potentially fatal liver damage. Paracetamol toxicity is the foremost cause of acute liver failure in the Western world, and accounts for most drug overdoses in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. Paracetamol overdose results in more calls to poison control centers in the US than overdose of any other pharmacological substance. According to the FDA, in the United States, "56,000 emergency room visits, 26,000 hospitalizations, and 458 deaths per year [were]

This is a document about Paracetamol poisoning
  The signs and symptoms of paracetamol toxicity occur in three phases. The first phase begins within hours of overdose, and consists of nausea, vomiting, a pale appearance, and sweating. However, patients often have no specific symptoms or only mild symptoms in the first 24 hours of poisoning. Rarely, after massive overdoses, patients may develop symptoms of metabolic acidosis and coma early in the course of poisoning. The second phase occurs between 24 hours and 72 hours following overdose and consists of signs of increasing liver damage. In general, damage occurs in liver cells as they metabolize the paracetamol. The individual may experience right upper quadrant abdominal pain. The increasing liver damage also changes biochemical markers of liver function; International normalized ratio (INR) and the liver transaminases ALT and AST rise to abnormal levels. Acute kidney failure

This is a document about Paracetamol
  to acetaminophen-associated overdoses during the 1990s. Within these estimates, unintentional acetaminophen overdose accounted for nearly 25% of the emergency department visits, 10% of the hospitalizations, and 25% of the deaths." Overdoses are frequently related to high-dose recreational use of prescription opioids, as these opioids are most often combined with paracetamol. The overdose risk may be heightened by frequent consumption of alcohol. Untreated paracetamol overdose results in a lengthy, painful illness. Signs and symptoms of paracetamol toxicity may initially be absent or non-specific symptoms. The first symptoms of overdose usually begin several hours after ingestion, with nausea, vomiting, sweating, and pain

This is a document about Rumack–Matthew nomogram
  The Rumack–Matthew nomogram, also known as Rumack–Matthews nomogram or the acetaminophen nomogram is an acetaminophen toxicity nomogram. It plots serum concentration of acetaminophen against the time since ingestion, in an attempt to prognosticate possible liver toxicity as well as allowing a clinician to decide whether to proceed with N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment or not. It is a logarithmic graph starting not directly from ingestion, but from 4 hours post ingestion after absorption is considered likely to be complete. In hands of skilled clinicians this nomogram allows for timely management of acetaminophen overdose. Generally, a serum plasma concentration (APAP) of 140–150 microgram/mL (or milligrams/L) at 4 hours post ingestion, indicates the need

This is a document about Acetylcysteine
  Intravenous and oral formulations of acetylcysteine are available for the treatment of paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. When paracetamol is taken in large quantities, a minor metabolite called N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) accumulates within the body. It is normally conjugated by glutathione, but when taken in excess, the body's glutathione reserves are not sufficient to deactivate the toxic NAPQI. This metabolite is then free to react with key hepatic enzymes, thereby damaging liver cells. This may lead to severe liver damage and even death by acute liver failure. In the treatment of paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose, acetylcysteine acts to maintain or replenish depleted glutathione reserves in the liver

This is a document about Paracetamol poisoning
  In adults, a dose of 6 grams a day over the preceding 48 hours could potentially lead to toxicity, while in children acute doses above 200 mg/kg could potentially cause toxicity. Acute paracetamol overdose in children rarely causes illness or death, and it is very uncommon for children to have levels that require treatment, with chronic larger-than-normal doses being the major cause of toxicity in children. Intentional overdosing (self-poisoning, with suicidal intent) is frequently implicated in paracetamol toxicity. In a 2006 review, paracetamol was the most frequently ingested compound in intentional overdosing. In rare individuals, paracetamol toxicity can result from normal use. This may be due to individual ("idiosyncratic") differences in the expression and activity of certain enzymes in one of the metabolic pathways that handle paracetamol (see paracetamol's metabolism).

This is a document about Paracetamol poisoning
  Many over-the-counter and prescription-only medications contain paracetamol. Because of its wide availability paired with comparably high toxicity, (compared to ibuprofen and aspirin) there is a much higher potential for overdose. Paracetamol toxicity is one of the most common causes of poisoning worldwide. In the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand, paracetamol is the most common cause of drug overdoses. Additionally, in both the United States and the United Kingdom it is the most common cause of acute liver failure. In England and Wales an estimated 41,200 cases of paracetamol poisoning occurred in 1989 to 1990, with a mortality of 0.40%. It is estimated that 150 to

This is a document about Paracetamol poisoning
  associated with more adverse effects than acetylcysteine. Additionally, acetylcysteine has been shown to be a more effective antidote, particularly in patients presenting greater than 8 hours post-ingestion and for those who present with liver failure symptoms. If the person presents less than eight hours after paracetamol overdose, then acetylcysteine significantly reduces the risk of serious hepatotoxicity and guarantees survival. If acetylcysteine is started more than 8 hours after ingestion, there is a sharp decline in its effectiveness because the cascade of toxic events in the liver has already begun, and the risk of acute liver necrosis and death increases dramatically. Although acetylcysteine is most effective if given early, it still has beneficial effects if given

This is a document about Hepatotoxicity
  Paracetamol also known as acetaminophen, and by the brand names of Tylenol and Panadol, is usually well-tolerated in prescribed dose, but overdose is the most common cause of drug-induced liver disease and acute liver failure worldwide. Damage to the liver is not due to the drug itself but to a toxic metabolite (N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI)) produced by cytochrome P-450 enzymes in the liver. In normal circumstances, this metabolite is detoxified by conjugating with glutathione in phase 2 reaction. In an overdose, a large amount of NAPQI is generated, which overwhelms the detoxification process and leads to liver cell damage. Nitric oxide also plays a role in inducing toxicity. The risk

This is a document about NAPQI
  The prognosis is good for paracetamol overdoses if treatment is initiated up to 8 hours after the drug has been taken. Most hospitals stock the antidote (acetylcysteine), which replenishes the liver's supply of glutathione, allowing the NAPQI to be metabolized safely. Without early administration of the antidote, fulminant liver failure follows, often in combination with kidney failure, and death generally occurs within several days.

This is a document about NAPQI
  NAPQI, also known as NAPBQI or N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine, is a toxic byproduct produced during the xenobiotic metabolism of the analgesic paracetamol (acetaminophen). It is normally produced only in small amounts, and then almost immediately detoxified in the liver. However, under some conditions in which NAPQI is not effectively detoxified (usually in the case of paracetamol overdose), it causes severe damage to the liver. This becomes apparent 3–4 days after ingestion and may result in death from fulminant liver failure several days after the overdose.

This is a document about Suicide methods
  A drug overdose involves taking a dose of a drug that exceeds safe levels. In the UK (England and Wales) until 2013, a drug overdose was the most common suicide method in females. In 2019 in males the percentage is 16%. However self-poisoning accounts for the highest number of non-fatal suicide attempts. Overdose attempts using painkillers are among the most common, due to their easy availability over-the-counter. Paracetamol is the most widely used analgesic worldwide and is commonly used in overdose attempts. Paracetamol poisoning is a common cause of acute liver failure. In the United States about 60% of suicide attempts and 14% of suicide deaths involve drug overdoses. The risk of death in suicide attempts involving overdose is about 2%. A drug overdose is often the first-choice method of members of right-to-die organizations. A poll among members of Exit International suggested that 89% would prefer to take a pill, rather than use a plastic exit bag, a carbon monoxide generator, or slow euthanasia.

This is a document about Paracetamol poisoning
  for toxicity include alcoholism, malnutrition, and the taking of certain other medications. Liver damage results not from paracetamol itself, but from one of its metabolites, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). NAPQI decreases the liver's glutathione and directly damages cells in the liver. Diagnosis is based on the blood level of paracetamol at specific times after the medication was taken. These values are often plotted on the Rumack-Matthew nomogram to determine level of concern. Treatment may include activated charcoal if the person seeks medical help soon after the overdose. Attempting to force the person to vomit is not recommended. If there is a potential for toxicity, the antidote acetylcysteine is recommended. The medication is generally given for at least 24 hours. Psychiatric care

This is a document about Paracetamol poisoning
  deaths and 15 to 20 liver transplants occur as a result of poisoning each year in England and Wales. Paracetamol overdose results in more calls to poison control centers in the US than overdose of any other pharmacological substance, accounting for more than 100,000 calls, as well as 56,000 emergency room visits, 2,600 hospitalizations, and 458 deaths due to acute liver failure per year. A study of cases of acute liver failure between November 2000 and October 2004 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the USA found that paracetamol was the cause of 41% of all cases in adults, and 25% of cases in children.

This is a document about Paracetamol poisoning
  be required following recovery. A liver transplant may be required if damage to the liver becomes severe. The need for transplant is often based on low blood pH, high blood lactate, poor blood clotting, or significant hepatic encephalopathy. With early treatment liver failure is rare. Death occurs in about 0.1% of cases. Paracetamol poisoning was first described in the 1960s. Rates of poisoning vary significantly between regions of the world. In the United States more than 100,000 cases occur a year. In the United Kingdom it is the medication responsible for the greatest number of overdoses. Young children are most commonly affected. In the United States and the United Kingdom, paracetamol is the most common cause of acute liver failure.

This is a document about Hepatotoxicity
  Adverse drug reactions are classified as type A (intrinsic or pharmacological) or type B (idiosyncratic). Type A drug reaction accounts for 80% of all toxicities. Drugs or toxins that have a pharmacological (type A) hepatotoxicity are those that have predictable dose-response curves (higher concentrations cause more liver damage) and well characterized mechanisms of toxicity, such as directly damaging liver tissue or blocking a metabolic process. As in the case of paracetamol overdose, this type of injury occurs shortly after some threshold for toxicity is reached. Carbon tetrachloride is commonly used to induce acute type A liver injury in animal models. Idiosyncratic (type B) injury occurs without warning, when agents cause non-predictable hepatotoxicity in susceptible individuals, which is not related

The most serious toxic effect of acute acetaminophen overdose is liver damage, which can lead to liver failure and death.