Question: when did italy host the fifa world cup

Answer: 1934

This is a document about 1990 FIFA World Cup
  The vote to choose the hosts of the 1990 tournament was held on 19 May 1984 in Zürich, Switzerland. Here, the FIFA Executive Committee chose Italy ahead of the only rival bid, the USSR, by 11 votes to 5. This awarding made Italy only the second nation to host two World Cup tournaments, after Mexico had also achieved this with their 1986 staging. Italy had previously had the event in 1934, where they had won their first championship. Austria, England, France, Greece, West Germany and Yugoslavia also submitted initial applications for 31 July 1983 deadline. A month later, only England, Greece, Italy and the Soviet Union remained in the hunt after the other contenders all withdrew. All four bids were assessed by FIFA in late 1983, with the final decision over-running into 1984 due to the volume of paperwork involved. In early 1984, England and Greece also withdrew, leading to a two-horse race in the final vote. The Soviet boycott of the 1984 Olympic Games, announced on the eve of the World Cup decision, was speculated to have been a major factor behind Italy winning the vote so decisively, although this was denied by the FIFA President João Havelange.

This is a document about 1938 in Italy
 19 June – Italy wins the FIFA World Cup by defeating Hungary, 4–2, in the final game at the Stade Olympique de Colombes in Paris, France.

This is a document about Italy national football team
  The Italy national football team (Nazionale di calcio dell'Italia) has represented Italy in international football since its first match in 1910. The national team is controlled by the Italian Football Federation (FIGC), the governing body for football in Italy, which is a co-founder and member of UEFA. Italy's home matches are played at various stadiums throughout Italy, and its primary training ground and technical headquarters, Centro Tecnico Federale di Coverciano, is located in Florence. Italy is the reigning European champions, having won UEFA Euro 2020. Italy is one of the most successful national teams in the history of football and the World Cup, having won four titles (1934, 1938, 1982, 2006) and appearing in two other finals (1970, 1994), reaching a third place (1990) and a fourth place (1978). Italy has also

This is a document about FIFA World Cup hosts
 1)  withdrew 1)  withdrew Bids: Sweden decided to withdraw before the vote, allowing the only remaining candidate Italy to take the hosting job for the 1934 World Cup. The decision was ratified by the FIFA Congress in Stockholm, Sweden and Zürich, Switzerland on 14 May 1932. The Italian Football Federation accepted the hosting duties on 9 October 1932. Results:

This is a document about 1966 FIFA World Cup
  England was chosen as host of the 1966 World Cup in Rome, Italy on 22 August 1960, over rival bids from West Germany and Spain. This is the first tournament to be held in a country that was affected directly by World War II, as the four previous tournaments were either held in countries out of war theatres or in neutral countries.

This is a document about 1994 FIFA World Cup Final
  penalty for Italy. Brazil had previously beaten Italy in the 1970 final, marking the 1994 final as the second time that the same teams had met in two different World Cup finals, after Argentina and Germany met in 1986 and 1990. Played at 12:30 local time, this was the most recent World Cup final to be played in a broad daylight. FIFA awarded the final game of the tournament to the famous college sports stadium near Los Angeles on June 30, 1992; the Rose Bowl was the largest stadium used for the tournament. With over 94,000 spectators, the 1994 Final is the

This is a document about UEFA Euro 2012 bids
 Bari, San Nicola Stadium ; Florence, Artemio Franchi Stadium ; Milan, San Siro (probable semi final venue) ; Naples, a new stadium (probable semi final venue) Palermo, a new stadium to be built on the old velodrome site ; Rome, Stadio Olimpico (probable final venue) ; Turin, the new Juventus home stadium ; Udine, Friuli Stadium Italy was the most experienced of all the bidding nations, having already twice hosted the European Championship (in 1968 and 1980), and the FIFA World Cup (in 1934 and 1990). The following venues were proposed by the Italian Football Federation to host matches:

This is a document about Brazil at the 1970 FIFA World Cup
  The 1970 FIFA World Cup Final was contested by Brazil and Italy on 21 June 1970 in the Estadio Azteca in Mexico, to determine the winner of the 1970 FIFA World Cup. This final marked the first time that two former world champions met in a final; Italy had previously won the World Cup in 1934 and 1938, while Brazil won in 1958 and 1962. Brazil struck first, with Pelé heading in a cross by Rivelino at the 18th minute. Roberto Boninsegna equalized for Italy after a blunder in the Brazilian defence. In the second half, Brazil's firepower and creativity was

This is a document about Rome
  as Francesco Totti and Daniele De Rossi (both for A.S. Roma), and Alessandro Nesta (for S.S. Lazio).  Rome hosted the 1960 Summer Olympics, with great success, using many ancient sites such as the Villa Borghese and the Thermae of Caracalla as venues. For the Olympic Games many new facilities were built, notably the new large Olympic Stadium (which was then enlarged and renewed to host several matches and the final of the 1990 FIFA World Cup), the Stadio Flaminio, the Villaggio Olimpico (Olympic Village, created to host the athletes and redeveloped after the games as a residential district), ecc. Rome

This is a document about Italy at the FIFA World Cup
  This is a record of Italy's results at the FIFA World Cup. The World Cup is an international association football competition contested by the men's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946, due to World War II. The tournament consists of two parts, the qualification phase and the final phase (officially called the World Cup Finals). The qualification phase, which currently take place over the three years preceding the Finals, is used to determine which teams qualify

This is a document about Sports in Los Angeles
  In 1994 the United States hosted the FIFA World Cup. The Rose Bowl in Pasadena hosted eight matches, including the final where Brazil defeated Italy 3–2 on penalties.

This is a document about History of FIFA
  in Barcelona plans were finalised – it would be held in Uruguay, which was celebrating its 100th anniversary of independence the following year. Unfortunately, Europe was in the midst of an economic crisis, and teams would have to do without their key players for two months – several nations pulled out. Without them, the first World Cup opened in Montevideo on 18 July 1930 – with only four European teams. Following the disappointment of not hosting the first tournament, Italy was chosen as the venue for the 1934 World Cup. Following the previous tournament, all matches were played in one country, meaning some teams made the long trip home after just one qualifying round. The final, won by the Italians, was the first to be broadcast live on radio. Italy defended this title in the last World Cup before World War II, in France.

This is a document about S.S. Lazio
  Stadio Olimpico, located on the Foro Italico, is the major stadium of Rome. It is the home of the Italy national football team as well as of both local teams Lazio and Roma. It was opened in 1937 and after its latest renovation in 2008, the stadium has a capacity of 70,634 seats. It was the site of the 1960 Summer Olympics, but has also served as the location of the 1987 World Athletics Championships, the 1980 European Championship final, the 1990 World Cup and the Champions League Final in 1996 and 2009. Also on the Foro Italico lies the Stadio dei Marmi, or "marble stadium", which was built in 1932 and designed by Enrico Del Debbio. It has tiers topped

This is a document about Venues of the 1960 Summer Olympics
  Rome was scheduled to host the 1908 Summer Olympics, but had to withdraw due to the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 1906. The 1908 Games were given to London as a result following a meeting at the 1906 Intercalated Games in Athens. Rome hosted the ISSF World Shooting Championships (then UIT) five times from 1897 to the start of World War II, doing so in 1902, 1911, 1927, 1930, and 1935. The biggest event for Italy was hosting the 1934 FIFA World Cup in which the host nation won. Florence's stadium hosted three matches during the World Cup while the finals would be played in Rome, at a stadium located on the current site of the Flaminio Stadium. Stadio Flaminio would be constructed in 1957 following the demolition of Stadio Nazionale PNF in 1953. The Palazzo dei Congressi was constructed in 1942 for a Universal Exposition in that year that was not held to World War II. Palazzetto Dello Sport was constructed in time for the 1960 Games in 1957.

This is a document about 1990 FIFA World Cup
  The 1990 FIFA World Cup was the 14th FIFA World Cup, a quadrennial football tournament for men's senior national teams. It was held from 8 June to 8 July 1990 in Italy, the second country to host the event for a second time (the first being Mexico in 1986). Teams representing 116 national football associations entered and qualification began in April 1988. 22 teams qualified from this process, along with host nation Italy and defending champions Argentina. The tournament was won by West Germany, for the third time. They beat Argentina 1–0 at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome, a rematch of the previous final four years earlier. Italy finished third and England fourth, after both lost their semi-finals in penalty shootouts. This was the

This is a document about 1990 FIFA World Cup
  Twelve stadiums in twelve cities were selected to host matches at the 1990 World Cup. The Stadio San Nicola in Bari and Turin's Stadio delle Alpi were completely new venues opened for the World Cup. Of the twelve stadiums in used, only four (San Siro, Luigi Ferraris, Comunale of Florence, and Renato Dall'Ara) had been used for the 1934 FIFA World Cup. The remaining ten venues all underwent extensive programmes of improvements in preparation for the tournament, forcing many of the club tenants of the stadia to move to temporary homes. Additional seating and roofs were added to most stadia, with further redevelopments seeing running tracks removed and new pitches laid. Due to

This is a document about Culture of Milan
  at the Forum during playoffs ; Every year, Milan hosts the Bonfiglio Trophy Under 18 Tennis Tournament. It is the most important youth tournament in the world, and is played at the Milan Tennis Club. The central court has a capacity of 8000. Past winners include Tacchini, Jan Kodeš, Adriano Panatta, Corrado Barazzutti, Moreno, Björn Borg, Smid, Ivan Lendl, Guy Forget, Jim Courier, Goran Ivanišević, Yevgeny Kafelnikov, and Guillermo Coria. The city hosted, among other events, the FIFA World Cup in 1934 and 1990, the UEFA European Football Championship in 1980. Football is the most popular sport in Italy, and Milan is home to two world-famous football teams: A.C. Milan and Internazionale. The former is normally referred to as "Mìlan"

This is a document about Stadio dei Marmi
  by the Allied military as a refuge center. Following Mussolini's reign (1922 to 1943), the Stadio dei Marmi, as part of the larger complex, has been continuously used for various sporting events including the 1960 Olympic Games, the 1990 World Cup final, and is today the home stadium to two Serie A teams: A.S. Roma and S.S Lazio. The 1960 Olympic Games presented an opportunity to unveil Italy's new democratic identity. Leading up to the Olympic Games, officials began debating the obvious fascist insignia, mosaics, and elements surrounding the sporting complex and how the world might respond to them. At the time, visitors from all

This is a document about Bids for the 2020 Summer Olympics
 🇮🇹 Rome, Italy  Rome was nominated by the Italian National Olympic Committee on 19 May 2010. Italy's capital city was chosen over Venice as the country's bid for the 2020 Games. Rome previously hosted the Summer Olympics in 1960 and was chosen to host the 1908 Summer Olympics, but was relocated to London due to the 1906 eruption of Mount Vesuvius. It bid to host the 2004 Games but lost to Athens in the final round of voting. Rome hosted the 2009 World Aquatics Championships as well as the 1990 FIFA World Cup Final. Italy previously hosted the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin and the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo. Italy will also host the 2026 Winter Olympics via a joint bid between Milan and Cortina d’Ampezzo. However the Rome municipal administration withdrew its support from the bid on the eve of the delivery of the application files, stating that it would not be a responsible use of money in "Italy's current condition."

This is a document about 1938 FIFA World Cup
  France was chosen as host nation by FIFA in Berlin on 13 August 1936. France was chosen over Argentina and Germany in the first round of voting. The decision to hold a second consecutive tournament in Europe (after Italy in 1934) caused outrage in South America, where it was believed that the venue should alternate between the two continents. This was the last World Cup to be staged before the outbreak of the Second World War.

Italy hosted the FIFA World Cup in 1990.


Question: how many hockey games are in a season

Answer: 82

This is a document about List of NHL records (team)
  During the first eight years the NHL existed, teams played between 18 and 36 games in a season. Beginning in 1926, teams played 44–60 games. This would end in 1949 where teams now play 70 or more games. There have been four instances since then when teams have played less than 70 games in a season. Both the 1994–95 season and 2012–13 season were reduced to 48 games due to lockouts. The 2019–20 season and 2020–21 season were reduced due to the COVID-19 pandemic. For more information, check the History of the National Hockey League.

This is a document about National Hockey League
  The National Hockey League season is divided into a preseason (September and early October), a regular season (from early October through early to mid-April) and a postseason (the Stanley Cup playoffs). Teams usually hold a summer showcase for prospects in July and participate in prospect tournaments, full games that do not feature any veterans, in September. Full training camps begin in mid-to-late September, including a preseason consisting of six to eight exhibition games. Split squad games, in which parts of a team's regular season roster play separate games on the same day, are occasionally played during the preseason. During the regular season, clubs play each other in a predefined schedule. Since 2021, in the regular season, all teams play 82 games: 41 games each

This is a document about Season structure of the NHL
  Since the 1995–96 season, each team in the NHL plays 82 regular season games, 41 each of home and road. In all, 1,312 games are scheduled (512 of them inter-conference). For the 2021–22 season the NHL regular season formula was adjusted to account for the addition of the Seattle Kraken. Each team plays either three or four games against the other teams in its division (a total of 26 games) as well as playing all non-divisional teams in their own conference thrice (24 games). The remaining games of the season are inter-conference play (32 games), allowing every team in the

This is a document about Season structure of the NHL
  The season structure of the National Hockey League (NHL) is divided into the pre-season, regular season, and the Stanley Cup playoffs. In the pre-season, which is generally held during the last two weeks of September, each team plays several not-for-the-record exhibition games. In the regular season, which generally runs from early October through early April, teams play 82 games which determine their standings. The three highest-placed teams in each division and two wild card teams per conference enter the playoff elimination tournament to determine the Stanley Cup champion.

This is a document about Central Division (NHL)
 Notes ; The 1994–95 NHL season was shortened to 48 games due to the lockout. ; The 2012–13 NHL season was shortened to 48 games due to the lockout. ; The 2019–20 NHL season was cut short due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the imbalance in the number of games played among teams, the regular season standings were determined by points percentage. ; The 2020–21 NHL season was shortened to 56 games due the COVID-19 pandemic and the Canada-United States border closure.

This is a document about Pacific Division (NHL)
 Notes ; The 1994–95 NHL season was shortened to 48 games due to the lockout. ; The 2012–13 NHL season was shortened to 48 games due to the lockout. ; The 2019–20 NHL season was cut short due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the imbalance in the number of games played among teams, the regular season standings were determined by points percentage.

This is a document about Atlantic Division (NHL)
 Notes ; The 1994–95 NHL season was shortened to 48 games due to the lockout. ; The 2012–13 NHL season was shortened to 48 games due to the lockout. ; The 2019–20 NHL season was cut short due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the imbalance in the number of games played among teams, the regular season standings were determined by points percentage.

This is a document about Losing streak
 NHL hockey: 18 games - Pittsburgh Penguins (2003-2004), Buffalo Sabres (2021) ; Asia League Ice Hockey: 192 games – China Dragon: (2009–2014)

This is a document about Australian Ice Hockey League
  The AIHL season commences mid April and runs through to the last weekend of August or the first weekend of September. Games are usually played on Saturday or Sunday, typically starting between 2.00 pm and 5.30 pm depending on the venue. Teams nominally play each of their seven opponents in the league four times for a total of 28 regular season games. In seasons prior to 2011, some games were played for double-points (and counted as two games) to keep travel costs down.

This is a document about Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional
  The regular season consists of 10 games: 6 divisional games (home and away series) and 4 interdivisional games (two away and two home). The season starts on the third weekend of February and ends in April.

This is a document about J20 SuperElit
  In the regular season, each team plays 45 games. Points are awarded for each game, with three points awarded for a win in regulation, one point for losing in overtime/shootout, two points for winning in overtime/shootout, and zero points for a loss in regulation. Based on geographical location, the 20 teams are divided into two groups: Norra ("North") and Södra ("South"). The groups are played as round-robins, where each team plays all other teams in their group three times. After 27 games for each team, the top five teams in each group advance to a spring series called the Top 10 group. The remaining teams from each group play in a "continuation group". In both the Top 10 group and the continuation

This is a document about F-liiga
  The regular season is played in a round robin format with each team playing 26 games. The total number of regular season games is 182. The eight teams that finish the regular season at the top of the standings qualify for the playoffs in the spring.

This is a document about List of St. Louis Blues seasons
 1 Season was shortened due to the 1994–95 NHL lockout. ; 2 As of the 2005–06 NHL season, all games will have a winner; the OTL column includes SOL (Shootout losses). ; 3 Season was shortened due to the 2012–13 NHL lockout. ; 4 The 2019–20 NHL season was suspended on March 12, 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. ; 5 Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020–21 NHL season was shortened to 56 games.

This is a document about CHL Canada/Russia Series
  The Canadian Hockey League has won 12 of the 17 series played as of 2019. Updated through November 15, 2019

This is a document about 2019–20 SHL season
  Each team plays 52 games, playing each of the other thirteen teams four times: twice on home ice, and twice away from home. Points are awarded for each game, where three points are awarded for winning in regulation time, two points for winning in overtime or shootout, one point for losing in overtime or shootout, and zero points for losing in regulation time. At the end of the regular season, the team that finishes with the most points is crowned the league champion.

This is a document about List of Minnesota Wild records
 NHL playoff appearances: 11 ; Most games won, season: 49 (2016-17) ; Longest winning streak: 12 games (2016-17) ; Most games lost, season: 39 (2000-01) ; Longest losing streak: 6 games (2013-14) ; Most goals scored, season: 263 (2016-17) ; Most goals scored, game: 8 (five times) ; Most goals scored, period: 6 (February 22, 2015) ; Most assists, season: 446 (2016-17) ; Most player points, season: 709 (2016-17) ; Most player points, game: 24 (8 goals, 16 assists - February 27, 2018) ; Most player points, period: 15 (6 goals, 9 assists - February 22, 2015) ; Most penalties in minutes, season: 1189 (2005-06) ; Most penalties in minutes, game: 57 (twice - March 2, 2002, and January 3, 2015) ; Most penalties in minutes, period: 51 (January 3, 2015) ; Hat tricks, franchise: 30 ; Hat tricks, season: 4 (2017-18)

This is a document about List of New Jersey Devils seasons
 In 1992, the NHL expanded the season to 84 games, and each team played two games at a neutral site. After the 1995 lockout, the neutral site games were eliminated, and the season was reduced to 82 games. ; The NHL realigned into Eastern and Western Conferences prior to the 1993–94 season. New Jersey was placed in the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference. ; Both seasons were shortened to 48 games because of lockouts - the 1994–95 NHL lockout, finished on January 11, 1995, and the 2012–13 NHL lockout, finished on January 6, 2013. ; Beginning with the 1999–2000 season, teams received one point for losing a regular season game in overtime. ; The season was canceled because of the 2004–05 NHL lockout. ; Beginning with the 2005–06 season, the NHL instituted a penalty shootout for regular season games that remained tied after a five-minute overtime period, which prevented ties. ; The 2019–20 regular season officially ended in May due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with the remaining regular season games from March and April being cancelled. ; Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020–21 NHL season was shortened to 56 games.

This is a document about List of winless seasons
  The National Hockey League's schedule, like that of the NBA, consists of 82 games. Since the 2004–05 lockout, teams receive two points for a win, one point for a loss in overtime or a shootout, and zero points for a loss in regulation time. From 1997 until 2004, teams received two points for a win, one point for a tie or overtime loss, and zero points for a regulation loss. Prior to 1997, teams received two points for a win, one point for a tie, and no points for a loss. From 1997 to 2004, NHL standings tables had four columns: W–L–T–OTL. From 2005 to 2010, it was reduced to three, W–L–OTL; in 2011, a "regulation/overtime win" column (ROW) was added, which excludes shootout wins; it does not change the point totals, but does serve as the second tiebreaker

This is a document about Strength of schedule
  fact that interleague games do not exactly have concrete rules, save for the number of rest days and doubleheaders. In the National Basketball Association (NBA), the 30 teams are all guaranteed to face each other at least twice in an 82-game regular season, although intra-division games are more frequent (as much as four times) than inter-conference games (twice). In the National Hockey League, prior to 2008, some teams did not meet each other in a given year, and intra-division games are more frequent (six times) when compared to the NBA. A strong team in a weak division or conference is capable of bloating their record in order to

This is a document about Western Collegiate Hockey League
  With ten member schools in the conference, beginning in the 2020–21 season, the WCHL is now divided into two geographic divisions for conference play. Each WCHL team will play a home-and-home series against every conference member within its division, as well as one home series and one road series against conference members from the opposite division, for a total of 20 WCHL conference games per season.

In the National Hockey League (NHL), each team plays 82 games during a regular season.


Question: when did butterfly effect come out travis scott

Answer: May 15 , 2017

This is a document about Butterfly Effect (Travis Scott song)
  "Butterfly Effect" (stylized in all caps) is a song by American rapper and singer Travis Scott. It was released by Epic Records on May 15, 2017, as the lead single from Scott's third studio album, Astroworld (2018). The song was written by Scott with Canadian producers Murda Beatz and Felix Leone.

This is a document about Astroworld (album)
  In May 2017, Scott uploaded three songs to SoundCloud—"A Man", "Green and Purple" featuring Playboi Carti, and "Butterfly Effect". "Butterfly Effect" was released on May 15, 2017, for streaming and digital download as the album's lead single. It peaked at number 50 on the US Billboard Hot 100. The single, "Watch" featuring Kanye West and Lil Uzi Vert, was released on May 4, 2018. The song peaked at number 16 on the Billboard Hot 100. On July 27, 2018, a giant sculpture of Scott's head appeared on top of an Amoeba Music store in Los Angeles. Multiple copies of the sculpture appeared in various other locations, including Scott's hometown of Houston, Texas. After significant internet speculation, the release date for Astroworld was announced on July 30, 2018, through social media, alongside an album trailer, which featured

This is a document about Travis Scott
  park of the same name, is nearing completion and would most likely be released in 2017. On May 16, 2017, Scott released three new tracks on SoundCloud, after teasing on social media for some time. The tracks were named "A Man", "Green & Purple (featuring Playboi Carti)", and "Butterfly Effect". The latter was also released on every other streaming service, as the only track. The music video for "Butterfly Effect" was released on July 14, 2017. On August 10, 2017, Scott tweeted "ALBUM MODE" as he had just finished the "DAMN. Tour" as a supporting act for Kendrick Lamar, the night before. This tweet signified that he was now

This is a document about Travis Scott discography
  American rapper Travis Scott has released three studio albums, three mixtapes, two collaborative albums, four extended plays (EP), 39 singles, seven promotional singles, and 43 music videos. In 2012, Scott signed his first major-label deal with Epic Records, before eventually signing to Kanye West's GOOD Music production wing known as Very G.O.O.D. Beats. In April 2013, it was announced that he signed a recording contract with T.I.'s Grand Hustle imprint. The following years he released the debut mixtape Owl Pharaoh (2013) and the second mixtape Days Before Rodeo (2014). Scott's debut studio album is called Rodeo, was released on September 4, 2015. Its lead single "3500", featuring Future and 2 Chainz, peaked at number 82 on the US Billboard Hot 100

This is a document about Butterfly Effect (Travis Scott song)
  On May 17, 2017, Scott performed "Butterfly Effect" for the first time at a show in St. Louis. On August 27, 2017, he performed the song with Thirty Seconds to Mars at the MTV Video Music Awards. Scott also performed the song at the MTV Europe Music Awards on November 12, 2017.

This is a document about Butterfly Effect (Travis Scott song)
  Lawrence Burney of Vice magazine said: "'Butterfly Effect' is textbook slurred Scott number, with backing vocals that sounds eerily similar to Migos' 'Slippery.'" Madeline Roth of MTV said the song is "hazy" and "low-key". Similarly, Tom Breihan of Stereogum said: "'Butterfly Effect' is low-key and melodic, with some sharp production from Drake collaborator Murda Beatz." "Butterfly Effect" debuted at number 99 on the US Billboard Hot 100 on the week of June 17, 2017, and peaked at number 50 following the release of Astroworld. The single was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for combined sales and streaming equivalent units of 4,000,000 units in the United States.

This is a document about Butterfly effect in popular culture
  Hip-hop artist Travis Scott mentions this phenomenon in his 2017 single Butterfly Effect. In Captain Underpants and the Terrifying Return of Tippy Tinkletrousers, the Butterfly Effect is referred to as the Banana Cream Pie Paradox. In a first-season episode of the stop-motion animation show Robot Chicken titled "Operation: Rich in Spirit" there is a sketch where a young boy tries to explain the butterfly effect to a young girl. When the young girl squishes the butterfly, it causes earthquakes in Japan. A Japanese woman retaliates, stepping on a butterfly, which causes a volcano to erupt behind the children. The boy retaliates as well, ripping a butterfly in

This is a document about Before You Exit
 "I Like That" (May 30, 2013) ; "Soldier" (February 12, 2014) ; "Dangerous" (March 22, 2014) ; "Model" (October 26, 2015) ; "When I'm Gone" (March 28, 2016) ; "Find Yourself" (July 7, 2017) ; "Silence" (January 13, 2019) ; "Sinking In" (April 14, 2019) ; "The Butterfly Effect" (July 22, 2019)

This is a document about Fetty Wap
  On September 28, 2021, Fetty Wap previewed the song “Out The Hood” in an Instagram video with the caption “10/22 T.B.E”, giving speculation of a single or mixtape release. Later on October 13, 2021, Fetty Wap posted the official cover art for the album “The Butterfly Effect” announcing it as his second studio album, releasing six years since his debut. It was officially released October 22, 2021, marking the return of Fetty Wap after several mixtape releases & legal issues. The title derives from his late daughter, Lauren, where he drew inspiration for the album name & some songs.

This is a document about Travis Scott discography
  The album's second single, "Antidote", peaked at number 16 on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming his first top 20. Scott's second studio album, Birds in the Trap Sing McKnight, was released on September 2, 2016. Its lead single "Pick Up the Phone", with Young Thug featuring Quavo, peaked at number 43 on the Billboard Hot 100. Scott's third studio album, Astroworld, was released on August 3, 2018. Its lead single "Butterfly Effect", peaked at number 50 on the Billboard Hot 100. He has four number-one songs on the Hot 100, "Sicko Mode" (featuring Drake), "Highest in the Room", "The Scotts" (with Kid Cudi as The Scotts), and "Franchise" (featuring Young Thug and M.I.A.), all songs, except the former, were also debuts.

This is a document about Astroworld (album)
  Houston, Texas prior to its closure. Scott, a Houston native, aimed for the album to sound like "taking an amusement park away from kids". He also described the album as a continuation of his debut album Rodeo (2015). Astroworld is a hip hop and psychedelic rap album, incorporating elements of trap and psychedelic music. The album was supported by four singles, "Butterfly Effect", "Sicko Mode", "Yosemite", and "Wake Up". Astroworld received widespread acclaim and performed well commercially, debuting atop the US Billboard 200 with 537,000 album-equivalent units, of which 270,000 were pure sales. It was certified triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It won Album of the Year at the 2019 BET Hip Hop Awards. The album was named one of the best albums of 2018 and the decade by several publications.

This is a document about Butterfly Effect (Travis Scott song)
  The music video was released on July 13, 2017 via Travis Scott's Vevo channel. It was directed by BRTHR, who also directed the video to Scott's "Goosebumps".

This is a document about Antidote (Travis Scott song)
  The song was first heard when Travis Scott performed it live at JMBLYA. It was later released on June 21, 2015. "Antidote" was not initially intended to appear on Rodeo, as confirmed on Scott's SoundCloud on June 23, 2015: "This is for the real fans; the real ragers! This is some vibes for the summer. This isn’t on Rodeo… it’s coming soon." However, due to the song's popularity, Scott included the track on his debut album. On July 29, 2015, "Antidote" was released via digital distribution as the album's second single. The song samples "All I Need" by Lee Fields and The Expressions.

This is a document about Travis Scott
  2013. It was followed with a second mixtape, Days Before Rodeo, in August 2014. His debut studio album, Rodeo (2015), was led by the hit single "Antidote". His second album, Birds in the Trap Sing McKnight (2016), became his first number one album on the Billboard 200. The following year, Scott released a collaborative album with Quavo titled Huncho Jack, Jack Huncho under the group name Huncho Jack. In 2018, his third studio album, Astroworld, was released to critical acclaim and produced his first Billboard Hot 100 number one single, "Sicko Mode" (featuring Drake). In late 2019, Scott's record label Cactus Jack Records released the compilation album JackBoys which became the first

This is a document about Escape Plan (song)
  "Escape Plan" is a song by American rapper and singer Travis Scott. It was released on November 5, 2021, concurrently with another single, "Mafia", which are both a part of a conjoined single titled Escape Plan / Mafia. The song was produced by Oz and Nik D.

This is a document about Reputation (Taylor Swift album)
  Taylor Swift released her fifth studio album, 1989, in October 2014. The album's synth-pop production established Swift's official departure from the country-oriented styles of her previous records. It received generally positive reviews from contemporary critics. A huge commercial success, the album sold over six million copies in the United States and spawned three US Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles–"Shake It Off", "Blank Space", and "Bad Blood". Its accompanying tour ran from May to December 2015 and was the highest-grossing concert tour of 2015. During promotion of 1989, Swift continued to be a major target of tabloid gossip. She had short-lived romantic relationships with Scottish producer Calvin Harris and English actor Tom Hiddleston. Her media reputation was blemished from publicized feuds with several high-profile celebrities,

This is a document about Astroworld (album)
  Astroworld is the third studio album by American rapper and record producer Travis Scott. It was released on August 3, 2018, through Cactus Jack Records and Grand Hustle Records, and distributed by Epic Records. The album follows his second studio album Birds in the Trap Sing McKnight (2016), and his collaborative album Huncho Jack, Jack Huncho (2017) with Quavo. The album features guest vocals from The Weeknd, Kid Cudi, Frank Ocean, Drake, James Blake, Philip Bailey, 21 Savage, Swae Lee, Gunna, Nav, Quavo, Takeoff, Juice Wrld, Sheck Wes, and Don Toliver, among others. Production was handled by multiple producers, including Scott himself, Mike Dean, Allen Ritter, Hit-Boy, WondaGurl, Tay Keith, Tame Impala, Frank Dukes, Sonny Digital, Murda Beatz, and Thundercat. The album title is named after the defunct theme park Six Flags AstroWorld, which was located

This is a document about Kurt Travis
  taking place from November 14 to December 18, 2015, with support from A Lot Like Birds, Slaves, Dayshell and Strawberry Girls. On the tour, both Travis and Craig traded off as clean vocalist performing with the band during their set. The group embarked on a European leg of the ten year anniversary tour with Travis and Craig as support in November 2016. On June 8, 2018, the band released their eighth studio album, Artificial Selection, which features the song "Shelf Life", featuring Travis as a guest vocalist. This makes it the singer's first time appearing on a Dance Gavin Dance track since October 2010.

This is a document about Travis Scott
  On January 15, 2021, Scott released a remix of his hit song "Goosebumps" with producer HVME. After canceling the third annual Astroworld Fest due to the Covid-19 pandemic, Scott announced the return of the festival in 2021 and expanded it to a multi day format. On April 30, Scott was featured on "Durag Activity" by Baby Keem. In June, Scott announced a collaboration between Dior and Cactus Jack for the 2022 Summer Men's collection. On August 28, Scott was featured on Kanye West's tenth studio album Donda on the song "Praise God" also with Baby Keem, whom Scott had previously collaborated with. On October 30, 2021, Travis Scott closed out day 3 of Rolling Loud NYC. During the set he performed the unreleased song "Escape Plan" and a preview of another unreleased track off Utopia. In November 2021, he announced new music to be released on November 5, 2021; the project will be reportedly titled Dystopia.

This is a document about Travis Garland
  2011, Travis and JoJo released a song on YouTube called Paint. Travis is currently self-managed and is signed to & working with the production group The Stereotypes. On October 22, 2012, he released a free EP on his website entitled Fashionably Late. The same week he played a sold-out show at The Roxy Theatre with Tori Kelly. On August 20, Travis released the music video for "Clouds", a single that appears on his self-titled debut album "Travis Garland", which was released on September 10, 2013 to widespread acclaim. On October 17, 2017, Travis released the song called "Curvin' Everybody" on iTunes.

The song "Butterfly Effect" by Travis Scott was released on May 15, 2017.


Question: when did the movie uncle drew come out

Answer: on June 29 , 2018

This is a document about Uncle Drew
  Uncle Drew is a 2018 American sports comedy film directed by Charles Stone III and written by Jay Longino. It stars Kyrie Irving as the title character from his Pepsi Max advertisements that began airing in 2012, along with former NBA players Shaquille O'Neal, Chris Webber, Aaron Gordon, Reggie Miller, and Nate Robinson, as well as former WNBA player Lisa Leslie. Lil Rel Howery, Erica Ash, J. B. Smoove, Mike Epps, Tiffany Haddish, and Nick Kroll also star. The film was released in the United States by Lionsgate on June 29, 2018, and received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the performances of the cast, but called the direction and screenplay "formulaic".

This is a document about Uncle Drew
  Uncle Drew has grossed $42.5 million in the United States and Canada, and $4.1 million in other territories, for a total worldwide gross of $46.5 million. In the United States and Canada, Uncle Drew was released alongside Sicario: Day of the Soldado, and was projected to gross $11–15 million from 2,742 theaters in its opening weekend. It made $6.1 million on its first day, including $1.1 million from Thursday night previews. It went on to debut to $15.5 million, finishing fourth at the box office, behind Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, Incredibles 2, and Sicario: Day of the Soldado. It fell 56% in its second weekend, to $6.7 million, finishing sixth.

This is a document about Uncle Drew
  naturally started drinking it. In some places it may have felt like it was placed there, and it was, but the people weren't acting." PepsiCo also owns the Gatorade brand which can be seen in the shorts and feature films. Kyrie Irving is credited as writer and director in these productions but that is inaccurate. He did develop the character's personality, improvised dialog, and blocked out a lot scenes. But in fact, Gilbar and the Davie Brown team created the Uncle Drew universe, makeup artist Ed French came up with the character's look, and Jonathan Klein directed. Klein was reported to give up credit to Irving to make the shorts seem more intriguing. Gilbar went on to be involved with the production of the 2018 feature length movie.

This is a document about Uncle John (film)
  Uncle John premiered at SXSW on March 16, 2015. Filmbuff gave it a limited theatrical release and via video on demand on September 18, 2015.

This is a document about Kyrie Irving
  In 2012, Irving played the role of Uncle Drew in a series of Pepsi Max advertisements. He wrote and directed episode 2, in which he starred alongside Bill Russell and Kevin Love, and episode 3, in which he starred alongside Nate Robinson and Maya Moore. Irving also wrote and directed episode 4 of "Uncle Drew", which was released in November 2015, and in which he starred in alongside Baron Davis, J. B. Smoove, and Ray Allen. In 2017, the Uncle Drew advertisement series became a skit inside an old school diner featuring Pepsi in its current design, stored in a fridge with its original logo. Irving has also starred as the character in a feature film, Uncle Drew, which also features former NBA stars, and was released in June 2018. Irving appeared on an episode of the Disney XD series Kickin' It in 2012, and guest starred on Family Guy, lending his voice for the season 17 (2018) episode "Big Trouble in Little Quahog".

This is a document about Uncle Drew
  On February 16, 2017, PepsiCo announced that it would partner Temple Hill Entertainment for the production of the film, featuring the character Uncle Drew from the Pepsi Max advertisements. On September 5, 2017, ESPN's SportsCenter revealed the cast. Lil Rel Howery said that Irving heard about his trade from the Cleveland Cavaliers to the Boston Celtics while filming.

This is a document about Kevin Love
  internet advertising campaign in 2012 by PepsiCo for Pepsi Max that featured the character "Uncle Drew" played by Love's future NBA teammate Kyrie Irving. It was wildly popular, and reported to be the second most watched ad on YouTube that year and among the 50 most-viewed viral videos worldwide, garnering more than 22 million views. PepsiCo and its advertising agency Davie Brown Entertainment quickly rolled out another commercial later that year, "Uncle Drew: Chapter 2," this time co-starring Kevin Love. These and two more commercials led to the theatrical movie Uncle Drew in 2018 (Love was not part of that production).

This is a document about Uncle Buck (2016 TV series)
  Uncle Buck is an American single-camera comedy television series based on the 1989 movie of the same name that debuted on ABC as an entry in the 2015–16 television season. The series was created for television by Steven Cragg and Brian Bradley. The show was picked up to series on May 8, 2015 and aired from June 14, 2016 to August 2, 2016. On July 6, 2016, ABC cancelled the series after one season.

This is a document about Uncle Drew
  On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of based on  reviews, and an average rating of. The website's critical consensus reads, "Kyrie Irving's crossover to comedy is amiable enough to score with basketball fans, but Uncle Drew is held back by formulaic direction and too much product placement." On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 57 out of 100, based on reviews from 27 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews." Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale. David Ehrlich of IndieWire gave the film a "B–" and wrote: "At heart, Uncle Drew is a

This is a document about Uncle Buck
  Uncle Buck is a 1989 American comedy film written and directed by John Hughes. Starring John Candy and Amy Madigan, the film tells the story of a bachelor and all-around-slob who babysits his brother's rebellious teenage daughter and her younger brother and sister. Uncle Buck was released in theaters on August 16, 1989, by Universal Pictures and grossed $79.2 million against a $15 million budget.

This is a document about Uncle Frank (film)
  Uncle Frank is a 2020 American comedy-drama film written, directed, and co-produced by Alan Ball. The film stars Paul Bettany and Sophia Lillis. Set in the 1970s, Uncle Frank is a road movie about a gay man who confronts his past. It had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 25, 2020. It was released on November 25, 2020, by Amazon Studios.

This is a document about List of Red Dead Redemption 2 characters
  gang begins to fall apart, Uncle decides to leave. Eight years later, in 1907, Uncle reunites with John Marston in Blackwater as the latter is buying a property. Uncle tracks down Charles Smith, and the two help John build his ranch. After the house is built, Uncle is captured by the Skinner brothers and tortured, but soon rescued by John and Charles. He recovers and continues to work on the ranch. Four years later, during the events of Red Dead Redemption in 1911, Uncle poorly looks after John's farm in his absence; when soldiers and agents later attack the ranch, Uncle joins John in defending it but is shot and killed. O'Creagh was cast in the role of Uncle, replacing Spider Madison from Red Dead Redemption. O'Creagh died during production and was replaced by McBride; O'Creagh's singing lines still appear in the game.

This is a document about The Alchemist production discography
 "Uncle Al"

This is a document about Anna Howard Shaw Day
  not stalk her anymore, Jenna asks Maynard if he is stalking "one of those kids from Glee", the latter being a Fox program that focuses on a high school show choir. During his appearance on The Hot Box, Avery asks Jack what his favorite movie is with him responding that it is a tie with The Fountainhead (1949) and Uncle Buck (1989). During her hallucination, in which she sees Drew, Dennis, and Floyd, Liz confesses to Dennis that watching the period drama The Color Purple with him drunk "was one of the funnest nights of my life." The character Astronaut Mike Dexter was referenced in this

This is a document about Recurring Saturday Night Live characters and sketches (listed alphabetically)
 Uncle Roy (Buck Henry) – November 11, 1978 ; Unfrozen Caveman Lawyer (Phil Hartman) – November 23, 1991 ; Uri (Sabra) (Tom Hanks) – December 8, 1990

This is a document about Dana Brunetti
 Uncle Frank (2002) ; Beyond the Sea (2004) ; The Sasquatch Gang (2006) ; Mini's First Time (2006) ; 21 (2008) ; Columbus Day (2008) ; Hackers Wanted (2009) ; Shrink (2009) ; Fanboys (2009) ; The Social Network (2010) ; Casino Jack (2010) ; Father of Invention (2010) ; Shakespeare High (2011) ; Inseparable (2011) ; Safe (2012) ; Captain Phillps (2013) ; Masterminds (2016) ; Fifty Shades of Grey (2015) ; Fifty Shades Darker (2017) ; Fifty Shades Freed (2018) ; All Night Long (TBA)

This is a document about The Inkwell
  Set in the summer of 1976, the film follows the adventures of Drew Tate (Larenz Tate), a 16-year-old from upstate New York, when he and his family spend two weeks with affluent relatives on Martha's Vineyard. Drew's parents, Kenny (Joe Morton) and Brenda (Suzzanne Douglass), worry that their son is emotionally disturbed. His favorite companion is a doll, in which he names Iago (after the character in the Shakespeare classic Othello), with which he engages in animated conversations. They also fear that a fire he accidentally set in the family garage foreshadows a future as an arsonist. On Martha's Vineyard, Drew is thrown into an affluent, party-loving black society that congregates on a beach known as the Inkwell. The visit

This is a document about Say Uncle (film)
  Say Uncle was filmed in Portland, Oregon during the summer of 2005. It had a tight production schedule of 18 days, and filming took place at 19 different locations. New York Times reviewer Jeannette Catsoulis notes that the film's R rating is based on "two boys kissing, one naked-toddler photograph, some naughty words and a lot of bad art", although the MPAA's rating reads simply "Rated R for some language". The film was distributed on a theater-by-theater basis. It opened in Los Angeles on June 23, 2006, and in Manhattan on June 30, 2006.

This is a document about James Baskett
  On March 20, 1948, Baskett received an Academy Honorary Award for his performance as Uncle Remus. He was the first African-American male actor to win an Academy Award. Additionally, Baskett was the last adult actor to receive an Honorary Oscar for a single performance.

This is a document about Ernie Bushmiller
  for Harold Lloyd's Movie Crazy, continuing to draw Fritzi Ritz at the same time. A year later, they returned to the Bronx. Bushmiller claimed in 1948 that "All my characters are conceived in desperation." He introduced Nancy, Fritzi's niece, to the strip on January 2, 1933. The character proved popular, so she appeared more often. As Aunt Fritzi was seen less frequently, the strip was eventually retitled Nancy in 1938. The popular strip was translated into various languages, including Italian, German, Swedish and Norwegian. Phil Fumble is a Bushmiller strip which ran from 1932 through 1938. Bushmiller started working each day about 2pm, and he often sat at his drawing table

Uncle Drew was released in the United States on June 29, 2018.


Question: when did they start using daylight savings time

Answer: April 30 , 1916

This is a document about Daylight Saving Act of 1917
  The Daylight Saving Act of 1917 was enacted by the Dominion of Newfoundland to adopt daylight saving time (DST), thus making it one of the first jurisdictions in North America to do so, only a year after the United Kingdom on May 21, 1916. DST was not instituted in the United States until March 31, 1918.

This is a document about Time zone
  Many countries, and sometimes just certain regions of countries, adopt daylight saving time (DST), also known as summer time, during part of the year. This typically involves advancing clocks by an hour near the start of spring and adjusting back in autumn ("spring forward", "fall back"). Modern DST was first proposed in 1907 and was in widespread use in 1916 as a wartime measure aimed at conserving coal. Despite controversy, many countries have used it off and on since then; details vary by location and change occasionally. Countries around the equator usually do not observe daylight saving time, since the seasonal difference in sunlight there is minimal.

This is a document about April 1966
 U.S. President Lyndon Johnson signed the 1966 Uniform Time Act, setting a common date (the last Sunday in April) for all states in the U.S. to set their clocks forward one hour, beginning on April 29, 1967, and to set clocks forward one hour on the last Sunday in October, starting in 1967. At the time, 18 states observed daylight saving time (DST), 14 switched time zones rather than changing their clocks, and the other 18 left the option up to their local governments.  Before the Uniform Act was passed, the prescribed days for changing the clocks varied across the nation; in the state of Iowa alone, there were

This is a document about Time in Spain
  Daylight saving time (DST) was first introduced in 1918, the year in which World War I ended. It was then introduced and abolished several times. It was not applied in 1920–1923, 1925, 1930 nor during the Second Spanish Republic period in 1931–1936. During the Spanish Civil War, DST was re-established, but there were different dates of application, depending on if the territory was under the control of the Republican faction or Nationalist faction. Curiously, the Republican faction made its first attempt to change from Greenwich Mean Time to Central European Time when time was advanced 1 hour on 2 April 1938 and advanced another hour on 30

This is a document about Daylight saving time in the United States
  During World War I, in an effort to conserve fuel, Germany began observing DST on May 1, 1916. The rest of Europe soon followed. The plan was not adopted in the United States until the Standard Time Act of March 19, 1918, which confirmed the existing standard time zone system and set summer DST to begin on March 31, 1918 (reverting October 27). The idea was unpopular, especially with farmers because DST meant they had less time in the morning to get their milk and harvested crops to market. Congress abolished DST after the war, overriding President Woodrow Wilson's veto. DST became a local option. New York City continued to observe a metropolitan DST, while rural

This is a document about Sunshine Protection Act
  Time zones were first introduced in the United States in 1883 by railroad companies. In 1918, they were codified into federal law by the Standard Time Act, which also included a provision for nationwide daylight saving time modeled after European laws designed to save energy during World War I, but that component was repealed a year later due to protests by farmers. Many states subsequently introduced daylight saving time, and in 1966, the Uniform Time Act standardized the dates when it begins and ends. Hawaii, most of Arizona, and the U.S. territories have opted to observe permanent standard time, but the Uniform Time Act forbids observation of permanent daylight saving time. Researchers have observed numerous ill effects of the annual transitions between daylight saving time and standard time. These include reduced worker productivity, increased heart attacks and strokes, and increased traffic incidents. Researchers have also observed ill effects of standard time compared to daylight saving time, including increased crime, more frequent traffic incidents, increased prevalence of seasonal depression, and greater energy usage. In the late 2010s, resolutions were passed in more than 30 states advocating for the federal government to abolish the annual transitions.

This is a document about Daylight saving time
  idea of changing clocks by two hours every spring to the Wellington Philosophical Society. He wanted to have more daylight hours to devote to collecting and examining insects. In 1907, British resident William Willett presented the idea as a way to save energy. Despite receiving some serious consideration, it was never implemented. In 1908 Port Arthur, Ontario, Canada started using DST. Starting on April 30, 1916, the German Empire and Austria-Hungary each organized the first nationwide implementation in their jurisdictions. Many countries have used DST at various times since then, particularly since the 1970s energy crisis. DST is generally not observed near the Equator, where sunrise and sunset times do not vary enough to justify it. Some

This is a document about Daylight saving time
  30, 1916, as a way to conserve coal during wartime. Britain, most of its allies, and many European neutrals soon followed. Russia and a few other countries waited until the next year, and the United States adopted daylight saving in 1918. Most jurisdictions abandoned DST in the years after the war ended in 1918, with exceptions including Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Ireland, and the United States. It became common during World War II (some countries adopted double summer time), and was widely adopted in America and Europe from the 1970s as a result of the 1970s energy crisis. Since then, the world has seen many enactments, adjustments, and repeals.

This is a document about Standard time in the United States
  of March 19, 1918, also known as the Calder Act (15 USC 260). The act also established daylight saving time, itself a contentious idea. Daylight saving time was repealed in 1919, but standard time in time zones remained in law, with the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) having the authority over time zone boundaries. Daylight time became a local matter. It was re-established nationally early in World War II, and was continuously observed until the end of the war. After the war its use varied among states and localities. The Uniform Time Act of 1966 provided standardization in the dates of beginning and end of daylight

This is a document about Standard time
  four time zones were actually adopted by U.S./Canadian railroads in 1883. Major American observatories, including the Allegheny Observatory, the United States Naval Observatory, the Harvard College Observatory, and the Yale University Observatory, agreed to provide telegraphic time signals at noon Eastern Time. Standard time was not enacted into US law until the 1918 Standard Time Act established standard time in time zones; the law also instituted daylight saving time (DST). The daylight saving time portion of the law was repealed in 1919 over a presidential veto, but was reestablished nationally during World War II. In 2007 the US enacted a federal law formalizing the

This is a document about Eastern Time Zone
  For those in the United States, daylight saving time for the Eastern Time Zone was introduced by the Uniform Time Act of 1966, which specified that daylight saving time would run from the last Sunday of April until the last Sunday in October. The act was amended to make the first Sunday in April the beginning of daylight saving time beginning in 1987. Later, the Energy Policy Act of 2005 extended daylight saving time in the United States, beginning in 2007. Since then, local times change at 2:00 a.m. EST to 3:00 a.m. EDT on the second Sunday in March, and return from 2:00 a.m. EDT to 1:00 a.m. EST on the first Sunday in November. In Canada, daylight saving time begins and ends on the same days and at the same times as it does in the United States.

This is a document about Time in Germany
  Daylight saving time was first introduced during World War I by the German Empire in the years 1916 to 1918. After the end of the war and the proclamation of the Weimar Republic in November 1918, daylight saving time ceased to be observed. It was used again 1940–1949 (from 1945 differently in the West and East) and introduced again from 1980. West and East Germany had the same time and DST from 1950 until unification. In 1996, daylight saving time was harmonised throughout the European Union by Directive 2000/84/EC, which moved the end of DST to the last Sunday in October. In 1980 the exclave Büsingen did not use DST in order to keep to the same time as Switzerland.

This is a document about Time in Sri Lanka
  In history daylight saving time was used too.

This is a document about Daylight saving time in Canada
  observes Mountain Time; and Creighton, which observes daylight saving on an unofficial basis due to its proximity to the border with Manitoba) follow the aforementioned March–November schedule just like the rest of the country. Port Arthur, Ontario (now part of Thunder Bay), was the first municipality in the world to enact daylight saving time, on July 1, 1908. (Germany later became the first country to adopt the time change, on April 30, 1916.) Six Canadian cities, by local ordinance, subsequently used daylight saving time before 1918: Regina, Saskatchewan, on April 23, 1914; Brandon and Winnipeg, Manitoba on April 24, 1916; then Halifax, Nova Scotia; Hamilton, Ontario; and Montreal, Quebec. St. John's, Newfoundland (now Newfoundland and Labrador), also used DST before 1918, but the province itself did not become part

This is a document about Daylight saving time
  the first Daylight Saving Bill to the House of Commons on February 12, 1908. A select committee was set up to examine the issue, but Pearce's bill did not become law and several other bills failed in the following years. Willett lobbied for the proposal in the UK until his death in 1915. Port Arthur, Ontario, Canada was the first city in the world to enact DST, on July 1, 1908. This was followed by Orillia, Ontario, introduced by William Sword Frost while mayor from 1911 to 1912. The first states to adopt DST (Sommerzeit) nationally were those of the German Empire and its World War I ally Austria-Hungary commencing

This is a document about Daylight saving time
  together with its allies led the way in introducing DST (Sommerzeit) during World War I on April 30, 1916, aiming to alleviate hardships due to wartime coal shortages and air-raid blackouts. The political equation changed in other countries; the United Kingdom used DST first on May 21, 1916. US retailing and manufacturing interests—led by Pittsburgh industrialist Robert Garland—soon began lobbying for DST, but railroads opposed the idea. The USA's 1917 entry into the war overcame objections, and DST started in 1918. The end of World War I brought change in DST use. Farmers continued to dislike DST, and many countries repealed

This is a document about April 1967
 Under federal law, daylight saving time went into effect throughout the United States for the first time, with the 1966 Uniform Time Act mandating that clocks be set ahead one hour at 2:00 in the morning on the last Sunday in April and then turned back one hour on the last Sunday in October. However, the law provided that any state could seek exemption from compliance by the United States Department of Transportation, and five of the 50 states chose to effectively change time zones rather than to change their clocks.  The legislatures of Michigan and Hawaii voted to be exempt, and Alaska applied for a delay so that it could delineate its time zones.  In Indiana and Kentucky, which shifted from the

This is a document about Daylight saving time in Africa
  The British first instituted daylight saving time in Egypt during the Second World War, specifically between 1940 and 1945. The practice was stopped after the war, but resumed 12 years later, in 1957. Egypt normally observed daylight saving time between the last Friday in April and the last Thursday in September when the clocks were three hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (UTC+3). The change occurred one second after 23:59:59 on Thursday to become 1:00:00 on the last Friday in April shortening the day to 23 hours. Summer time ended one second after 23:59:59 to become 23:00:00 on the last Thursday of September lengthening the day to 25 hours. The

This is a document about Time in Hungary
  Daylight saving time was introduced in Hungary first in 1916 and it was observed until 1919. After that DST was in use between 1941–1949 and 1954-1957. DST has been in use again since 1980.

This is a document about Time in Poland
  In the early nineteenth century, Poland observed UTC+01:24 as it was the time corresponding to the offset of their local mean time at the Warsaw meridian, which was also known as Warsaw mean time. Warsaw switched to CET on 5 August 1915, and the rest of Poland officially adopted CET on 31 May 1922. After World War II, daylight saving time was introduced in 1946 by a resolution of the Council of Ministers, though it would be repealed on 21 September 1949. Daylight saving time was in use again between 1957 and 1964, and has been in use since 1977. In 2021, following the European parliament's vote to end daylight saving time, the Centre for Public Opinion Research conducted a survey regarding the time shift, which showed 78 percent of Poles surveyed were not in favour of daylight saving time. Despite this, however, it is not yet known whether the last time change in Poland will occur in 2021 or continue to be observed as there are currently no legal regulations for it.

The first recorded use of daylight saving time was in 1784 in France, but it was not widely adopted until the early 20th century. The United States adopted daylight saving time in 1918, and the United Kingdom adopted it in 1916. The Uniform Time Act of 1966 set a common date for all states in the US to set their clocks forward by one hour on the last Sunday in April and back on the last Sunday in October.


Question: which technique measures the electrical activity of brain cells directly

Answer: Electroencephalography ( EEG )

This is a document about Neurotechnology
  Electroencephalography (EEG) is a method of measuring brainwave activity non-invasively. A number of electrodes are placed around the head and scalp and electrical signals are measured. Clinically, EEGs are used to study epilepsy as well as stroke and tumor presence in the brain. Electrocorticography (ECoG) relies on similar principles but requires invasive implantation of electrodes on the brain's surface to measure local field potentials or action potentials more sensitively. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is another method of measuring activity in the brain by measuring the magnetic fields that arise from electrical currents in the brain. The benefit to using MEG instead of EEG is that these fields are highly localized and give rise to better understanding of

This is a document about Behavioral neuroscience
  to reflect neural activity. For example, the expression of immediate early genes is thought to be caused by vigorous neural activity. Likewise, the injection of 2-deoxyglucose prior to some behavioral task can be followed by anatomical localization of that chemical; it is taken up by neurons that are electrically active. ; MEG – Magnetoencephalography shows the functioning of the human brain through the measurement of electromagnetic activity. Measuring the magnetic fields created by the electric current flowing within the neurons identifies brain activity associated with various human functions in real time, with millimeter spatial accuracy.  Clinicians can noninvasively obtain data to help them assess neurological disorders and plan surgical treatments.

This is a document about Neuropsychology
  by measurements of neuronal activity in various layers of the brain. These methods also map to decision states of behavior in simple tasks that involve binary outcomes. Electrophysiology : The use of electrophysiological measures designed to measure the activation of the brain by measuring the electrical or magnetic field produced by the nervous system. This may include electroencephalography (EEG) or magneto-encephalography (MEG). Experimental tasks : The use of designed experimental tasks, often controlled by computer and typically measuring reaction time and accuracy on a particular tasks thought to be related to a specific neurocognitive process. An example of this is the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) or CNS Vital Signs (CNSVS).

This is a document about Rehabilitation (neuropsychology)
  by measurements of neuronal activity in various layers of the brain. These methods also map to decision states of behavior in simple tasks that involve binary outcomes. Electrophysiology ; The use of electrophysiological measures designed to measure the activation of the brain by measuring the electrical or magnetic field produced by the nervous system. This may include electroencephalography (EEG) or magneto-encephalography (MEG). Experimental tasks ; The use of designed experimental tasks, often controlled by computer and typically measuring reaction time and accuracy on a particular tasks thought to be related to a specific neurocognitive process. An example of this is the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) or CNS Vital Signs (CNSVS).

This is a document about Neurophysics
  Old techniques to record brain activity using physical phenomena are already widespread in research and medicine. Electroencephalography (EEG) uses electrophysiology to measure electrical activity within the brain. This technique, with which Hans Berger first recorded brain electrical activity on a human in 1924, is non-invasive and uses electrodes placed on the scalp of the patient to record brain activity. Based on the same principle, electrocorticography (ECoG) requires a craniotomy to record electrical activity directly on the cerebral cortex. In the recent decades, physicists have come up with technologies and devices to image the brain and the its activity. The Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) technique, discovered by Seiji Ogawa in 1990, reveals blood flow changes inside the brain. Based on

This is a document about Neuroscience of rhythm
  Techniques such as large scale single-cell recordings are movements in the direction of analyzing overall brain rhythms. However, these require invasive procedures, such as tetrode implantation, which does not allow a healthy brain to be studied. Also, pharmacological manipulation, cell culture imaging and computational biology all make attempts at doing this but in the end they are indirect.

This is a document about Psychology
  A classic and popular tool used to relate mental and neural activity is the electroencephalogram (EEG), a technique using amplified electrodes on a person's scalp to measure voltage changes in different parts of the brain. Hans Berger, the first researcher to use EEG on an unopened skull, quickly found that brains exhibit signature "brain waves": electric oscillations which correspond to different states of consciousness. Researchers subsequently refined statistical methods for synthesizing the electrode data, and identified unique brain wave patterns such as the delta wave observed during non-REM sleep. Newer functional neuroimaging techniques include functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, both of which track the flow of blood through

This is a document about Behavioral neuroscience
  to measure the corresponding patterns of neuronal firing at the decision point. ; Multielectrode recording – The use of a bundle of fine electrodes to record the simultaneous activity of up to hundreds of neurons. ; fMRI – Functional magnetic resonance imaging, a technique most frequently applied on human subjects, in which changes in cerebral blood flow can be detected in an MRI apparatus and are taken to indicate relative activity of larger scale brain regions (i.e., on the order of hundreds of thousands of neurons). ; PET - Human Addiction.jpg - Positron Emission Tomography detects particles called photons using a 3-D nuclear medicine examination. These particles are emitted by injections

This is a document about Translational neuroscience
  Electrophysiology is used within translational neuroscience as a means of studying the electric properties of neurons in animal models as well as to investigate the properties of human neurological dysfunction. Techniques used in animal models, such as patch-clamp recordings, have been used to investigate how neurons respond to pharmacological agents. Electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) are both used to measure electrical activity in the human brain, and can be used in clinical settings to localize the source of neurological dysfunction in conditions such as epilepsy, and can also be used in a research setting to investigate the differences in electrical activity in the brain between normal and neurologically dysfunctional individuals.

This is a document about Alcohol-related brain damage
  While the hemo-dynamic methods are effective for observing spatial and chemical changes, they cannot show the time course of these changes. Electromagnetic imaging methods are capable of capturing real-time changes in the brain's electrical currents. Electroencephalography (EEG) imaging utilizes small electrodes that are attached to the scalp. The recordings are averaged by a technique known as event-related potentials (ERP). This is done to determine the time sequence of activity after being exposed to a stimulus, such as a word or image. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is another imaging method that utilizes sensors. This measures the magnetic field created as a result of the brain's electrical activity. These techniques are noninvasive, harmless, and provide a large amount of detail regarding the order and timing of electrical activity. The poor spatial imaging of these methods are a large downside. These neuroimaging methods have found that alcohol alters the nervous system on multiple levels. This includes impairment of lower order brainstem functions and higher order functioning, such as problem solving. These methods have also shown differences in electrical brain activity and responsiveness when comparing alcohol-dependent and healthy individuals.

This is a document about Bioelectromagnetic medicine
  Bioelectromagnetics refers to the ability to study live cells, tissues, and organisms that produce electromagnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetism is mostly studied via electrophysiological techniques. Some of the electrophysiological monitoring methods such as electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG or EKG) measure the electrical activity of the brain and heart via the installation of electrodes placed on the skin. Recorded evoked potential (EP) amplitudes tend to be low, ranging from tens of microvolts for EEG, millivolts for electromyography (EMG), and about 20 millivolts for ECG. Other electrophysiological monitoring techniques such as evoked spinal cord potential (ESCP), somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) and SSEP (short-latency SEP) could be coupled with ECG, which then present excitatory ECG-triggered SSEP

This is a document about Cognitive science
 Single-photon emission computed tomography and Positron emission tomography. SPECT and PET use radioactive isotopes, which are injected into the subject's bloodstream and taken up by the brain. By observing which areas of the brain take up the radioactive isotope, we can see which areas of the brain are more active than other areas. PET has similar spatial resolution to fMRI, but it has extremely poor temporal resolution. ; Electroencephalography. EEG measures the electrical fields generated by large populations of neurons in the cortex by placing a series of electrodes on the scalp of the subject. This technique has an extremely high temporal resolution, but a relatively poor spatial resolution. ; Functional magnetic resonance imaging. fMRI measures the relative

This is a document about Measuring instrument
 Electroencephalograph records the electrical activity of the brain

This is a document about List of neurological research methods
 Electroencephalography (EEG) ; Quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) ; Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) ; Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) ; Magnetoencephalography (MEG) ; Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) ; Positron emission tomography (PET) ; Single-unit recording ; Transcranial direct-current stimulation (TDCS) ; Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) There are numerous types of research methods used when conducting neurological research, all with the purpose of trying to view the activity that occurs within the brain during a certain activity or behavior. The disciplines within which these methods are used is quite broad, ranging from psychology to neuroscience to biomedical engineering to sociology. The following is a list of neuroimaging methods:

This is a document about Electroencephalography
  Electroencephalography (EEG) is a method to record an electrogram of the electrical activity on the scalp that has been shown to represent the macroscopic activity of the surface layer of the brain underneath. It is typically non-invasive, with the electrodes placed along the scalp. Electrocorticography, involving invasive electrodes, is sometimes called intracranial EEG. EEG measures voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current within the neurons of the brain. Clinically, EEG refers to the recording of the brain's spontaneous electrical activity over a period of time, as recorded from multiple electrodes placed on the scalp. Diagnostic applications generally focus either on event-related potentials or on the

This is a document about Functional neuroimaging
  The measure used in a particular study is generally related to the particular question being addressed. Measurement limitations vary amongst the techniques. For instance, MEG and EEG record the magnetic or electrical fluctuations that occur when a population of neurons is active. These methods are excellent for measuring the time-course of neural events (on the order of milliseconds,) but generally bad at measuring where those events happen. PET and fMRI measure changes in the composition of blood near a neural event. Because measurable blood changes are slow (on the order of seconds), these methods are much worse at measuring the time-course of neural events, but are generally better at measuring the location. Traditional "activation studies" focus on determining distributed patterns of brain activity associated with specific tasks. However, scientists are able to

This is a document about Functional ultrasound imaging
   Brain activation can either be directly measured by imaging electrical activity of neurons using voltage sensitive dyes, calcium imaging, electroencephalography, or magnetoencephalography, or indirectly by detecting hemodynamic changes in blood flow in the neurovascular systems through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), or Doppler ultrasonography  )... Optical based methods generally provide the highest spatial and temporal resolutions; however, due to scattering, they are intrinsically limited to the investigation of the cortex. Thus, they are often used on animal models after partially removing or thinning the skull to allow for the light to penetrate into tissue. fMRI and PET, which measure the blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal, were the only techniques

This is a document about Hemoencephalography
 Signal that is more straightforward and stable than EEG and thus easier to interpret and quicker to train with ; Less subject to external artifacts, such as electrical noise or signal interference due to metal, because HEG is a measure of blood flow and not electrical activity ; Less subject to surface artifacts, such as eye and facial movements ; Capable of at-home training due to smaller, more portable size of sensor and signal generation equipment Currently, the most popular neurotherapy techniques utilize electroencephalography (EEG), which measures electrical brain activity rather than blood flow. Proponents of hemoencephalography maintain that HEG has advantages over EEG, namely:

This is a document about Temporal dynamics of music and language
  neurons can be mapped in near real time. Few other techniques allow for researchers to study temporal dynamics in real time.  Another important tool for analyzing temporal dynamics is magnetoencephalography, known as MEG. It is used to map brain activity by detecting and recording magnetic fields produced by electrical currents generated by neural activity. The device uses a large array of superconducting quantum interface devices, called SQUIDS, to detect magnetic activity. Because the magnetic fields generated by the human brain are so small the entire device must be placed in a specially designed room that is built to shield the device from external magnetic fields.

This is a document about Sensory neuroscience
  A typical experiment in sensory neuroscience involves the presentation of a series of relevant stimuli to an experimental subject while the subject's brain is being monitored. This monitoring can be accomplished by noninvasive means such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or electroencephalography (EEG), or by more invasive means such as electrophysiology, the use of electrodes to record the electrical activity of single neurons or groups of neurons. fMRI measures changes in blood flow which related to the level of neural activity and provides low spatial and temporal resolution, but does provide data from the whole brain. In contrast, Electrophysiology provides very high temporal resolution (the shapes of single spikes can be resolved) and data can be obtained from single cells. This is important since computations are performed within the dendrites of individual neurons.

The technique that measures the electrical activity of brain cells directly is called Electroencephalography (EEG) or Magnetoencephalography (MEG). However, it's important to note that EEG measures the electrical activity of the scalp, while MEG measures the magnetic fields produced by the electrical activity in the brain. Both techniques provide information about brain activity, but MEG is more sensitive and can localize activity more accurately.


Question: the part of peripheral nerve tissue that forms the myelin sheath is the

Answer: Schwann cells

This is a document about Axon
  Myelin is a layer of a fatty insulating substance, which is formed by two types of glial cells: Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes. In the peripheral nervous system Schwann cells form the myelin sheath of a myelinated axon. In the central nervous system oligodendrocytes form the insulating myelin. Along myelinated nerve fibers, gaps in the myelin sheath known as nodes of Ranvier occur at evenly spaced intervals. The myelination enables an especially rapid mode of electrical impulse propagation called saltatory conduction. The myelinated axons from the cortical neurons form the bulk of the neural tissue called white matter in the brain. The myelin gives the white appearance to the

This is a document about Schwann cell
  axons and are crucial for neuronal survival. Some group around smaller axons (External image here) and form Remak bundles. Myelinating Schwann cells begin to form the myelin sheath in mammals during fetal development and work by spiraling around the axon, sometimes with as many as 100 revolutions. A well-developed Schwann cell is shaped like a rolled-up sheet of paper, with layers of myelin between each coil. The inner layers of the wrapping, which are predominantly membrane material, form the myelin sheath, while the outermost layer of nucleated cytoplasm forms the neurilemma. Only a small volume of residual cytoplasm allows communication between the inner and outer layers. This is seen histologically as the Schmidt-Lantermann incisure.

This is a document about Glia
  Oligodendrocytes are found in the CNS and resemble an octopus: they have bulbous cell bodies with up to fifteen arm-like processes. Each process reaches out to an axon and spirals around it, creating a myelin sheath. The myelin sheath insulates the nerve fiber from the extracellular fluid and speeds up signal conduction along the nerve fiber. In the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells are responsible for myelin production. These cells envelop nerve fibers of the PNS by winding repeatedly around them. This process creates a myelin sheath, which not only aids in conductivity but also assists in the regeneration of damaged fibers.

This is a document about List of MeSH codes (A11)
 – myelin sheath

This is a document about List of MeSH codes (A08)
 – myelin sheath

This is a document about Action potential
  In order to enable fast and efficient transduction of electrical signals in the nervous system, certain neuronal axons are covered with myelin sheaths. Myelin is a multilamellar membrane that enwraps the axon in segments separated by intervals known as nodes of Ranvier. It is produced by specialized cells: Schwann cells exclusively in the peripheral nervous system, and oligodendrocytes exclusively in the central nervous system. Myelin sheath reduces membrane capacitance and increases membrane resistance in the inter-node intervals, thus allowing a fast, saltatory movement of action potentials from node to node. Myelination is found mainly in vertebrates, but an analogous system has been discovered

This is a document about Myelin protein zero
  The myelin sheath is a multi-layered membrane, unique to the nervous system, that functions as an insulator to greatly increase the velocity of axonal impulse conduction. Myelin protein zero, absent in the central nervous system, is a major component of the myelin sheath in peripheral nerves. Mutations that disrupt the function of myelin protein zero can lead to less expression of myelin and degeneration of myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system. Currently, myelin protein zero expression is postulated to be produced by signals from the axon. However, more details about the regulation of myelin protein zero are unknown. It is postulated that myelin protein zero is a structural element in the formation and

This is a document about Myelin
  nervous system (CNS; brain, spinal cord and optic nerve) by glial cells called oligodendrocytes and in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) by glial cells called Schwann cells. In the CNS, axons carry electrical signals from one nerve cell body to another. In the PNS, axons carry signals to muscles and glands or from sensory organs such as the skin. Each myelin sheath is formed by the concentric wrapping of an oligodendrocyte (CNS) or Schwann cell (PNS) process (a limb-like extension from the cell body) around the axon. Myelin reduces the capacitance of the axonal membrane. On a molecular level, in the internodes it increases the distance between extracellular

This is a document about Myelin
  Myelin is a lipid-rich (fatty) substance that surrounds nerve cell axons (the nervous system's "wires") to insulate them and increase the rate at which electrical impulses (called action potentials) are passed along the axon. The myelinated axon can be likened to an electrical wire (the axon) with insulating material (myelin) around it. However, unlike the plastic covering on an electrical wire, myelin does not form a single long sheath over the entire length of the axon. Rather, myelin sheaths the nerve in segments: in general, each axon is encased with multiple long myelinated sections with short gaps in between called nodes of Ranvier. Myelin is formed in the

This is a document about Action potential
  trigger zone. Multiple signals generated at the spines, and transmitted by the soma all converge here. Immediately after the axon hillock is the axon. This is a thin tubular protrusion traveling away from the soma. The axon is insulated by a myelin sheath. Myelin is composed of either Schwann cells (in the peripheral nervous system) or oligodendrocytes (in the central nervous system), both of which are types of glial cells. Although glial cells are not involved with the transmission of electrical signals, they communicate and provide important biochemical support to neurons. To be specific, myelin wraps multiple times around the axonal segment, forming a thick fatty layer that prevents ions from entering or escaping the

This is a document about Axon
  In the nervous system, axons may be myelinated, or unmyelinated. This is the provision of an insulating layer, called a myelin sheath. The myelin membrane is unique in its relatively high lipid to protein ratio. In the peripheral nervous system axons are myelinated by glial cells known as Schwann cells. In the central nervous system the myelin sheath is provided by another type of glial cell, the oligodendrocyte. Schwann cells myelinate a single axon. An oligodendrocyte can myelinate up to 50 axons. The composition of myelin is different in the two types. In the CNS the major myelin protein is proteolipid protein, and in the PNS it is myelin basic protein.

This is a document about Nerve injury
  Wallerian degeneration is a process that occurs before nerve regeneration and can be described as a cleaning or clearing process that essentially prepares the distal stump for reinnervation. Schwann cells are glial cells in the peripheral nervous system that support neurons by forming myelin that encases nerves. During Wallerian degeneration Schwann cells and macrophages interact to remove debris, specifically myelin and the damaged axon, from the distal injury site. Calcium has a role in the degeneration of the damage axon. Bands of Büngner are formed when uninnervated Schwann cells proliferate and the remaining connective tissue basement membrane forms endoneurial tubes. Bands of Büngner are important for guiding the regrowing axon. At the neuronal cell body, a process called

This is a document about Myelin incisure
  In the peripheral nervous system (PNS) axons can be either myelinated or unmyelinated. Myelination refers to the insulation of an axon with concentric surrounding layers of lipid membrane (myelin) produced by Schwann cells. These layers are generally uniform and continuous, but due to imperfect nature of the process by which Schwann cells wrap the nerve axon, this wrapping process can sometimes leave behind small pockets of residual cytoplasm displaced to the periphery during the formation of the myelin sheath. These pockets, or "incisures", can subdivide the myelinated axon into irregular portions. These staggered clefts also provide communication channels between layers by connecting the outer collar of cytoplasm of the Schwann cell to the deepest layer of myelin sheath. Primary incisures appear ab initio in myelination and always extend across the whole radial thickness of the myelin sheath but initially around only part of its circumference. Secondary incisures appear later, in regions of a compact myelin sheath, initially traversing only part of its radial thickness but commonly occupying its whole circumference.

This is a document about Anti-MAG peripheral neuropathy
  Myelin is an important part of neuron cells and provides insulation allowing the neuron's action potential to travel faster and more consistently. In order to provide insulation, multiple layers of closely opposing membrane are wrapped around the axon. By acting as an electrical insulator, the conduction ability of the axon is sped up considerably allowing action potentials to travel at a much faster rate, about fifteen times faster in certain cases. This ability allows the nervous system to send messages faster and more accurately. Disruption of the myelin sheath on cells that are normally myelinated allows leakage of action potential much like a faulty wire will allow leakage of electricity in a circuit. This slows the messages being sent along those nerves and disrupts normal function. Schwann cells are the cells in the peripheral nervous system that create and maintain myelin sheaths on neurons. These are the glial cells of the peripheral nervous system and are located around the axons that they serve. Damage to these cells result in degeneration of the myelin sheath and inevitably lead to problems in communication for the nervous system.

This is a document about Neuron
  nervous system. The sheath enables action potentials to travel faster than in unmyelinated axons of the same diameter, whilst using less energy. The myelin sheath in peripheral nerves normally runs along the axon in sections about 1 mm long, punctuated by unsheathed nodes of Ranvier, which contain a high density of voltage-gated ion channels. Multiple sclerosis is a neurological disorder that results from demyelination of axons in the central nervous system. Some neurons do not generate action potentials, but instead generate a graded electrical signal, which in turn causes graded neurotransmitter release. Such non-spiking neurons tend to be sensory neurons or interneurons, because they cannot carry signals long distances.

This is a document about Myelinogenesis
  protein (MBP) and myelin proteolipid protein (PLP). Myelin is formed by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Therefore, the first stage of myelinogenesis is often defined as the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells or Schwann cell progenitors into their mature counterparts, followed by myelin formation around axons. The oligodendrocyte lineage can be further classified into four stages based on their relation to the onset of myelination:  Myelinogenesis thus encompasses the process of transition between phases 3 and 4. Upon initiation of myelinogenesis, each pioneer process forms lamellar extensions which extend and elaborate circumferentially around the target

This is a document about Visual learning
  Gray matter is responsible for generating nerve impulses that process brain information, and white matter is responsible for transmitting that brain information between lobes and out through the spinal cord. Nerve impulses are transmitted by myelin, a fatty material that grows around a cell. White matter has a myelin sheath (a collection of myelin) while gray matter doesn't, which efficiently allows neural impulses to move swiftly along the fiber. The myelin sheath isn't fully formed until around ages 24–26. This means that adolescents and young adults typically learn differently, and subsequently often utilize visual aids in order to help them better comprehend difficult subjects. Learning preferences

This is a document about Myelin
  The process of generating myelin is called myelination or myelinogenesis. In the CNS, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes, which form myelin. In humans, myelination begins early in the 3rd trimester, although only little myelin is present in either the CNS or the PNS at the time of birth. During infancy, myelination progresses rapidly, with increasing numbers of axons acquiring myelin sheaths. This corresponds with the development of cognitive and motor skills, including language comprehension, speech acquisition, crawling and walking. Myelination continues through adolescence and early adulthood and although largely complete at this time, myelin sheaths can be added in grey matter regions such as the cerebral cortex, throughout life.

This is a document about Alpha motor neuron
  Like other neurons, α-MNs transmit signals as action potentials, rapid changes in electrical activity that propagate from the cell body to the end of the axon. To increase the speed at which action potentials travel, α-MN axons have large diameters and are heavily myelinated by both oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. Oligodendrocytes myelinate the part of the α-MN axon that lies in the central nervous system (CNS), while Schwann cells myelinate the part that lies in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The transition between the CNS and PNS occurs at the level of the pia mater, the innermost and most delicate layer of meningeal tissue surrounding components of the CNS. The axon of an α-MN connects with its extrafusal muscle fiber via a neuromuscular junction, a

This is a document about Mary Bartlett Bunge
  Richard also enriched Mary's life by introducing her to neuroscience, where she found her purpose and focused her research on while at Washington University School of Medicine. In particular, she focused on researching Schwann cells, which are cells that wrap around the axon of neurons to form the myelin sheath as an insulator to the neuron and to increase the speed impulses are conducted. One of her other major discoveries was that the oligodendrocyte was the cell that made the myelin sheath for the central nervous system. She first discovered this when she examined a section of a kitten's spinal