Question: who plays harry in the amazing spiderman 2

Answer: Dane William DeHaan

This is a document about Harry Osborn
  Harry Osborn has been adapted to other media including cartoons, films, games, toys, collectibles, miscellaneous memorabilia, and has appeared as a supporting character in numerous computer and video games. In television, the character first was featured in Fox Kids' Spider-Man (1994–1998) voiced by Gary Imhoff, Spider-Man: The New Animated Series (2003) voiced by Ian Ziering, The Spectacular Spider-Man (2008–2009) voiced by James Arnold Taylor, Ultimate Spider-Man (2012–2017) voiced by Matt Lanter, and Spider-Man (2017–present) voiced by Max Mittelman. The character was also featured in a trilogy of live-action films directed by Sam Raimi and played by James Franco, and the 2014 film The Amazing Spider-Man 2 portrayed by Dane DeHaan. The character cameos in the 2018 video game Spider-Man and its 2020 sequel Spider-Man: Miles Morales, voiced by Scott Porter.

This is a document about The Amazing Spider-Man 2
  during an interview with MTV, explained that the redesign of the character would be more grounded as well as details of his depiction, which were based upon the Ultimate Marvel incarnation of Electro. On December 3, 2012, Marc Webb revealed that Dane DeHaan was chosen to play Harry Osborn. Paul Giamatti was confirmed as a cast member in February 2013. Felicity Jones confirmed her involvement with the film under an undisclosed role. Giamatti also indicated in an October 2013 interview that he would return in The Amazing Spider-Man 3 as well. On February 27, 2013, Chris Cooper was cast as

This is a document about The Amazing Spider-Man 2
  The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (internationally titled The Amazing Spider-Man 2: Rise of Electro) is a 2014 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man. The film was directed by Marc Webb and produced by Avi Arad and Matt Tolmach. It is the fifth theatrical Spider-Man film produced by Columbia Pictures and Marvel Entertainment, the sequel to The Amazing Spider-Man (2012), and the final film in The Amazing Spider-Man series. The studio hired James Vanderbilt to write the screenplay and Alex Kurtzman and Roberto Orci to rewrite it. The film stars Andrew Garfield as Peter Parker / Spider-Man, alongside Emma Stone,

This is a document about Spider-Man: No Way Home
  reprising his role as Flash Thompson. In early October, Jacob Batalon and Benedict Cumberbatch were set to reprise their MCU roles of Ned Leeds and Dr. Stephen Strange, while Jamie Foxx was set to return as Max Dillon / Electro from Marc Webb's The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014), with filming beginning later in the month. Graeme McMillan from The Hollywood Reporter felt that Strange's inclusion was not a coincidence considering the character's connection to the multiverse and the casting of past Spider-Man film actors like Foxx. Immediately prior to the beginning of filming, several other key actors in the film had yet to sign on. According to Holland, the film needed "all or none" of the actors in order to be produced.

This is a document about The Amazing Spider-Man (film)
  The Amazing Spider-Man is a 2012 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man and sharing the title of the character's longest-running comic book series of the same name. It is the fourth theatrical Spider-Man film produced by Columbia Pictures and Marvel Entertainment, a reboot of the series following Sam Raimi's 2002–2007 Spider-Man trilogy, and the first of the two The Amazing Spider-Man films. The film was directed by Marc Webb and written by James Vanderbilt, Alvin Sargent and Steve Kloves from a story by Vanderbilt, and stars Andrew Garfield as Peter Parker / Spider-Man alongside Emma Stone, Rhys Ifans, Denis Leary, Campbell Scott, Irrfan

This is a document about Jason Isaacs
  Jason Michael Isaacs (born 6 June 1963) is an English actor. Isaacs's most notable film roles include Michael D. Steele in Black Hawk Down (2001), Lucius Malfoy in the Harry Potter film series (2002–2011), Col. Tavington in The Patriot (2000), Capt. Hook in Peter Pan (2003), Marshal Georgy Zhukov in The Death of Stalin (2017), and Vasili in Hotel Mumbai (2018). His other films include Divorcing Jack (1998), The End of the Affair (1999), Sweet November (2001), The Tuxedo (2002), Nine Lives (2005), Friends with Money (2006), Good (2008), Green Zone (2010), Abduction (2011), A Cure for Wellness (2016), and Mass (2021). Isaacs's roles in television have included Det. Michael Britten

This is a document about Peter Parker (The Amazing Spider-Man film series)
  British-American actor Andrew Garfield was cast as Peter Parker/Spider-Man for the 2012 film and its sequel over other actors such as Jamie Bell, Alden Ehrenreich, Frank Dillane, and Josh Hutcherson, with the announcement made on July 1, 2010. Webb stated he knew Garfield was the right choice after filming him in a cutscene eating a cheeseburger while trying to calm Gwen Stacy down. On accepting the role Garfield explained, "I see it as a massive challenge in many ways... To make it authentic. To make the character live and breathe in a new way. The audience already has a relationship with many different incarnations of the

This is a document about The Amazing Spider-Man (film)
  received a mostly positive reception, with critics praising Andrew Garfield's performance, Webb's direction, the visual style, James Horner's musical score, and the realistic re-imagining and portrayal of the title character, but criticized the number of underdeveloped story-lines, noting the film's deleted scenes. The film was a box office success, grossing $758 million worldwide, becoming the seventh highest-grossing film of 2012. A sequel, The Amazing Spider-Man 2, was released on May 2, 2014. Garfield and Rhys Ifans reprised their roles in the MCU film Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021) which dealt with the concept of the multiverse and linked the film to the Raimi and Webb franchises.

This is a document about The Amazing Spider-Man 2
  Foxx, Dane DeHaan, Campbell Scott, Embeth Davidtz, Colm Feore, Paul Giamatti, and Sally Field. In the film, Peter Parker tries to protect Gwen Stacy as he investigates his parents' death, while also dealing with the supervillain Electro and the return of his childhood friend Harry Osborn, who is dying from a deadly genetic disease. Development of The Amazing Spider-Man 2 began after the success of The Amazing Spider-Man. DeHaan, Giamatti, Felicity Jones, and Chris Cooper were cast between December 2012 and February 2013. Filming took place in New York City from February to June 2013. The film was released in 2D, 3D,

This is a document about Spider-Man 2
  Spider-Man 2 is a 2004 American superhero film directed by Sam Raimi and written by Alvin Sargent from a story by Alfred Gough, Miles Millar and Michael Chabon. Based on the fictional Marvel Comics character of the same name, it is the second installment in the Spider-Man trilogy and the sequel to Spider-Man (2002), starring Tobey Maguire alongside Kirsten Dunst, James Franco, Alfred Molina, Rosemary Harris, Donna Murphy, and J. K. Simmons. Set two years after the events of Spider-Man, the film finds Peter Parker struggling to manage both his personal life and his duties as Spider-Man, which affects his civilian life dramatically. Meanwhile scientist and Peter's mentor Dr. Otto Octavius becomes a diabolical villain after a failed experiment kills

This is a document about Spider-Man in other media
 Following the cancelation of Spider-Man 4, Sony rebooted the series with The Amazing Spider-Man (2012), directed by Marc Webb. In July 2010, Andrew Garfield was cast as the titular character, co-starring with Rhys Ifans as the villain Dr. Curt Connors / The Lizard, and Emma Stone as love interest Gwen Stacy. ; Max Charles portrayed a young Peter Parker in the opening scene of the film. ; Sony planned The Amazing Spider-Man to kick off a shared universe, competing with other studios' universes (e.g. the Marvel Cinematic Universe), with The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014). Garfield and Stone reprise their roles while co-starring with Jamie Foxx as Max Dillon / Electro, Dane DeHaan as Harry Osborn / Green Goblin, and Paul Giamatti as Aleksei Sytsevich / Rhino. ; Charles also reprised the role of young Parker. ; Following the underwhelming box office performance and critical reception of The Amazing Spider-Man 2, Sony cancelled their shared universe and the proposed Sinister Six spinoff, originally scheduled for 2016 and 2018, respectively.

This is a document about Spider-Man 3
  film, reminiscent of Peter's misfortune in Spider-Man 2, struggling in her career because of negative reviews and losing her friend when the symbiote takes him over. ; James Franco as Harold Theopolis "Harry" Osborn / New Goblin: The son of Norman Osborn, and Peter Parker's best friend, who believes Spider-Man murdered his father. After learning Peter is Spider-Man and that Norman was the Green Goblin, Harry becomes the New Goblin to battle his former friend directly. ; Thomas Haden Church as Flint Marko / Sandman: A small-time thug who has a wife and sick daughter, for whom he steals money

This is a document about Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase Four
  trilogy and Marc Webb's The Amazing Spider-Man films, who were respectively dubbed "Peter-Two" and "Peter-Three", alongside Willem Dafoe as Norman Osborn / Green Goblin, Alfred Molina as Otto Octavius / Doctor Octopus, and Thomas Haden Church as Flint Marko / Sandman from the Raimi films, and Rhys Ifans as Curt Connors / Lizard and Jamie Foxx as Max Dillon / Electro from the Webb films. Charlie Cox appears as Matt Murdock, reprising the role from Marvel Television's Netflix series, while Tom Hardy appears, uncredited, in the mid-credits scene as Eddie Brock / Venom, reprising his role from Sony's Spider-Man Universe.

This is a document about Silver & Black (unproduced film)
  In January 2013, Felicity Jones was in talks to join the second film in the reboot series, The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014), as Hardy. The character does not take on the Black Cat persona in the film. In December 2013, Sony revealed plans to use The Amazing Spider-Man 2 to establish their own expanded universe based on the Marvel properties the studio had the film rights to. Avi Arad and Matt Tolmach would produce the films as part of a franchise brain trust that also included Alex Kurtzman, Roberto Orci, Jeff Pinkner, Ed Solomon, and Drew Goddard, as well as The Amazing Spider-Man (2012) and The

This is a document about Harry Osborn
  Harold Theopolis "Harry" Osborn (né Osborn) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, commonly in association with the superhero Spider-Man. He first appeared in The Amazing Spider-Man #31 (December 1965), and was created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko. Harry is the best friend of Peter Parker (Spider-Man's alter ego) and Flash Thompson, the ex-boyfriend of both of Mary Jane Watson and Gwen Stacy, the son of Norman Osborn, the husband of Liz Allan and the father of Normie and Stanley Osborn, as well as the creator of Gabriel and Sarah Stacy who are ultimately bound to Mephisto and both later revealed to be operating as the demonic revenant Kindred. He is the second character to assume the Green Goblin alias. One of his clones was amongst the many users of the Iron Patriot armor as the superhero American Son. The character has appeared in many adaptations of Spider-Man outside of the comic books, including various cartoons and video games. James Franco portrayed the character in Sam Raimi's Spider-Man film trilogy (2002—2007), and Dane DeHaan played him in The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014).

This is a document about Spider-Man (2002 film)
  The studio had expressed interest in actors Leonardo DiCaprio, Freddie Prinze Jr., Jude Law, Chris Klein, Wes Bentley and Heath Ledger. DiCaprio had been considered by James Cameron for the role in 1995, while Raimi joked that Prinze "won't even be allowed to buy a ticket to see this film." Sony made overtures to Law about Spider-Man. In addition, actors Scott Speedman, Jay Rodan and James Franco were involved in screen tests for the lead role (Franco would ultimately land the role of Harry Osborn). Joe Manganiello also auditioned for the role, but landed the role as Parker's bully, Eugene "Flash" Thompson. Tobey Maguire was cast as Peter Parker/Spider-Man

This is a document about Akihiko Ishizumi
  Giamatti)) ; The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (Hernando (Adrian Martinez)) ; Sharp Objects (Bill Vickery (Matt Craven)) ; Shèdiāo Yīngxióngzhuàn (Ouyang Feng) ; Shutter Island (Deputy Warden McPherson (John Carroll Lynch)) ; Spider-Man (Robbie Robertson (Bill Nunn)) ; Spider-Man 2 (Robbie Robertson (Bill Nunn)) ; Spider-Man 3 (Robbie Robertson (Bill Nunn)) ; Super 8 (Sal Kaznyk (Joel McKinnon Miller)) ; Survival of the Dead (Seamus Muldoon (Richard Fitzpatrick)) ; Tale of Tales (King of Longtrellis (John C. Reilly)) ; Warm Bodies (M (Rob Corddry)) ; Zack Snyder's Justice League (J'onn J'onzz / Calvin Swanwick / Martian Manhunter (Harry Lennix))

This is a document about Takayuki Sugō
  Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 – Aberforth Dumbledore (Ciarán Hinds) ; The Hateful Eight – John Ruth (Kurt Russell) ; Heat (1998 TV Asahi edition) – Lieutenant Vincent Hanna (Al Pacino) ; Here and Now – Greg Boatwright (Tim Robbins) ; I Love You Phillip Morris – Lindholm (Antoni Corone) ; Ignition – Jake Russo (Michael Ironside) ; The Incredible Hulk – Thunderbolt Ross (William Hurt) ; Iron Will – Harry Kingsley (Kevin Spacey) ; Joker – Thomas Wayne (Brett Cullen) ; Killers – Mr. Kornfeldt (Tom Selleck) ; The Kingdom – Grant Sykes (Chris Cooper) ; L.A. Confidential –

This is a document about Peter Parker (The Amazing Spider-Man film series)
  Peter Benjamin Parker, also known by his alias Spider-Man, is a fictional character and the protagonist of Marc Webb's The Amazing Spider-Man film series. Adapted from the Marvel Comics superhero of the same name created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko, he is portrayed by Andrew Garfield and appears in the films The Amazing Spider-Man and its sequel The Amazing Spider-Man 2, as well as being a supporting character in the Marvel Studios film Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021), set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), where he appears as an older version of himself. Garfield's version of the character is a successor to

This is a document about Daniel Radcliffe
  actors and gained worldwide fame, popularity, and critical acclaim. Following the success of Harry Potter, Radcliffe played lawyer Arthur Kipps in the horror film The Woman in Black (2012), poet Allen Ginsberg in the biographical drama film Kill Your Darlings (2013), the title character's assistant Igor in the science-fiction fantasy film Victor Frankenstein (2015), a sentient corpse in the comedy-drama film Swiss Army Man (2016), technological prodigy Walter Mabry in the heist thriller film Now You See Me 2 (2016), and FBI agent Nate Foster in the critically acclaimed thriller film Imperium (2016). Since 2019, he has starred in the TBS anthology series Miracle Workers. Radcliffe branched out to stage

Dane DeHaan plays Harry Osborn in The Amazing Spider-Man 2.


Question: who did viswanathan anand defeat in 2012 to retain the world chess champion title

Answer: Boris Gelfand

This is a document about World Chess Championship 2012
  The World Chess Championship 2012 was a chess match between the defending world champion Viswanathan Anand of India and Boris Gelfand of Israel, winner of the 2011 Candidates Tournament. After sixteen games, including four rapid games, Anand retained his title. The match, held under the auspices of the World Chess Federation FIDE, took place between 10 and 30 May 2012 in the Engineering Building of the State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow, Russia. The prize fund was US$2.55 million. Anand was the defending champion, having gained the title in 2007 and defended it in 2008 (against Vladimir Kramnik) and in 2010 (against Veselin Topalov).

This is a document about Viswanathan Anand
  Viswanathan Anand (born 11 December 1969) is an Indian chess grandmaster and the fifteenth undisputed world chess champion. He became the first grandmaster from India in 1988, and is one of the few players to have surpassed an Elo rating of 2800, a feat he first achieved in 2006. Anand has won the world chess championship five times. He defeated Alexei Shirov in a six-game match to win the 2000 FIDE World Chess Championship, a title he held until 2002. He became the undisputed world champion in 2007, and defended his title against Vladimir Kramnik in 2008, Veselin Topalov in 2010, and Boris Gelfand in 2012. In 2013, he lost the title to challenger Magnus Carlsen, and he lost a rematch to Carlsen in 2014 after winning the 2014 Candidates Tournament. In April 2006, Anand became the fourth player in

This is a document about History of chess
  of more than 50,000 participants from more than 75 countries. The moves of the world team were decided by plurality vote, and after 62 moves played over four months Kasparov won the game. The FIDE World Chess Championship 2006 reunified the titles, when Kramnik beat the FIDE World Champion Veselin Topalov and became the undisputed World Chess Champion. In September 2007, Viswanathan Anand from India became the next champion by winning a championship tournament. In October 2008, Anand retained his title, decisively winning the rematch against Kramnik. Anand retained his title until 2013, when he lost it to Magnus Carlsen from Norway, the current World Chess Champion.

This is a document about Chess
  the title again. Despite this, he continued to dominate in top level tournaments and remained the world's highest rated player until his retirement from competitive chess in 2005. The World Chess Championship 2006, in which Kramnik beat the FIDE World Champion Veselin Topalov, reunified the titles and made Kramnik the undisputed World Chess Champion. In September 2007, he lost the title to Viswanathan Anand of India, who won the championship tournament in Mexico City. Anand defended his title in the revenge match of 2008, 2010 and 2012. In 2013, Magnus Carlsen of Norway beat Anand in the 2013 World Chess Championship. He defended his title 3 times since then and is the reigning world champion.

This is a document about Viswanathan Anand
  victory in 2010, he defended his title in the 2012 World Chess Championship at the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow. His opponent was Boris Gelfand, the winner of the 2011 Candidates Matches. After losing Game 7 to Gelfand, Anand came back to win Game 8 in only 17 moves, the shortest decisive game in World Chess Championship history. The match was tied 6–6 after regular games with one win each. Anand won the rapid tiebreak 2½–1½ to win the match and retain his title. After the match, Russian president Vladimir Putin greeted Anand and Gelfand by calling both to his official residence. ! !! Rating !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 11 !! 12 !! Points !! 13 !! 14 !! 15 !! 16 !! Total

This is a document about Veselin Topalov
  round. But after Topalov's dubious 31st and 32nd moves, Anand used the sacrifice to obtain a strong attack against Topalov's relatively exposed king. Topalov subsequently resigned, allowing Anand to retain the World Championship. ! !! Rating !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 11 !! 12 !! Total As runner-up in the World Chess Championship 2010, Topalov automatically qualified for the Candidates Matches for the World Chess Championship 2012, where he was the top seed. However, he lost to newly crowned U.S. champion Gata Kamsky in the quarterfinals. Later that year he won the King's Tournament in Romania.

This is a document about Viswanathan Anand
 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ; +World Chess Championship Match 2012 align=left | 🇮🇳 Viswanathan Anand (IND) || 2791 ; ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| 0 || 1 ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ || 6 ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || 1 ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ || 8½ ; align=left | 🇮🇱 Boris Gelfand (ISR) || 2727 ; style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ || 1 ||style="background:black; color:white"| 0 || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ ; style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || 6 || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| 0 || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || 7½ ; } style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || 6 || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| 0 || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || 7½ ; } As a result of

This is a document about World Chess Championship 2012
 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ; +World Chess Championship Match 2012 align=left | 🇮🇳 Viswanathan Anand (IND) || 2791 ; ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| 0 || 1 ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ || 6 ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || 1 ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ || 8½ ; align=left | 🇮🇱 Boris Gelfand (ISR) || 2727 ; style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ || 1 ||style="background:black; color:white"| 0 || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || ½ ; style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || 6 || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| 0 || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || 7½ ; } style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || 6 || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| 0 || ½ ||style="background:black; color:white"| ½ || 7½ ; } ! !! Rating !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 !! 10 !! 11 !! 12 !! Points !! 13 !! 14 !! 15 !! 16 !! Total

This is a document about October 2008 in sports
 World Chess Championship in Bonn, Germany: ; Game 11, 🇮🇳 Viswanathan Anand (W) vs. 🇷🇺 Vladimir Kramnik (B), drawn. Anand wins 6½–4½ ; Viswanathan Anand successfully defends his world champion title.

This is a document about World Chess Championship 2014
  The World Chess Championship 2014 was a match between the world champion Magnus Carlsen and challenger Viswanathan Anand, to determine the World Chess Champion. It was held from 7 to 25 November 2014, under the auspices of the World Chess Federation (FIDE) in Sochi, Russia. The match was decided after eleven of twelve scheduled games. On 23 November 2014 Carlsen retained his title, winning three games, losing one and drawing seven.

This is a document about World Chess Championship
  was given the right to challenge for the title he lost in a tournament in the World Chess Championship 2008, which Anand won. Then Topalov, who as the loser of the 2006 match was excluded from the 2007 championship, was seeded directly into the Candidates final of the World Chess Championship 2010. He won the Candidates (against Gata Kamsky). Anand again won the championship match. The next championship, the World Chess Championship 2012, had short knock-out matches for the Candidates Tournament. This format was not popular with everyone, and world No. 1 Magnus Carlsen withdrew in protest. Boris Gelfand won the Candidates. Anand won the championship match again, in tie breaking rapid games, for his fourth consecutive world championship win.

This is a document about World Chess Championship 2008
  The World Chess Championship 2008 was a best-of-twelve-games match between the incumbent World Chess Champion, Viswanathan Anand, and the previous World Champion, Vladimir Kramnik. Kramnik had been granted a match after not winning the World Chess Championship 2007 tournament. After eleven games, Anand successfully defended his title by a final score of 6½–4½ (three victories and one defeat). The match took place at the Art and Exhibition Hall of the Federal Republic of Germany in Bonn, Germany, between 14 October and 29 October 2008.

This is a document about World Chess Championship 2010
  Viswanathan Anand to become the World Champion. Anand subsequently defended his title in a one-off match against Kramnik, the World Chess Championship 2008. The World Chess Championship format then returned to its original form, wherein a match between the current champion and a challenger would decide the World Champion. To choose the challenger, FIDE organized the Chess World Cup 2007. Topalov was compensated for missing the 2007 tournament by getting direct entry to a Challenger Match against the winner of the Chess World Cup. The winner of the Challenger Match would then be the official challenger to Anand. Gata Kamsky earned the right to play in the Challenger Match by winning the Chess World Cup 2007.

This is a document about Viswanathan Anand
  Anand won the 2017 World Rapid Chess Championship, defeating Vladimir Fedoseev 2–0 in the final tiebreak after he, Fedoseev and Ian Nepomniachtchi tied for first with 10.5/15 points. He won the tournament ahead of Carlsen, his first victory in a world championship since losing the classical championship to Carlsen in 2013.

This is a document about Viswanathan Anand
  As part of the qualification cycle for the World Chess Championship 2014, Viswanathan Anand participated in the Candidates Tournament, held in Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia from 13 to 31 March 2014 in the Ugra Chess Academy. The participants of the tournament included Veselin Topalov and Shakriyar Mamedyarov, both of whom qualified through winning the top two spots in the FIDE Grand Prix 2012–13. Viswanathan Anand won the Candidates Tournament by remaining undefeated and scoring victories over Levon Aronian (in round 1), Shakriyar Mamedyarov (in Round 3), and Veselin Topalov (in Round 9). This guaranteed his spot as challenger to Magnus Carlsen in

This is a document about World Chess Championship 2013
  The World Chess Championship 2013 was a match between reigning world champion Viswanathan Anand and challenger Magnus Carlsen, to determine the 2013 World Chess Champion. It was held from 7 to 25 November 2013 in Chennai, India, under the auspices of FIDE (the World Chess Federation). Carlsen won the match 6½–3½ after ten of the twelve scheduled games, becoming the new world chess champion. This was heralded by Garry Kasparov and others as the start of a new era in chess, with Carlsen being the first champion to have developed his game in the age of super-strong chess computers.

This is a document about Viswanathan Anand
  Michael Adams. Vishy finished the tournament with 7 points (+1-0=4), equal with Kramnik and Giri. However, Anand was declared the winner because the tiebreak rules stated that the player with the greater number of black wins has a better tiebreak. With Anand's last round win over Michael Adams, he secured tournament victory and his 3rd tournament win in 2014. Viswanathan Anand won the World Chess Championship Candidates Tournament, which earned him a rematch against Magnus Carlsen for the World Championship. He also participated in the Dubai World Rapid and Blitz Championships, Zurich Chess Challenge, Bilbao Masters, and London Chess Classic.

This is a document about World Chess Championship 2013
  early advantage, while Carlsen got a level position against Svidler. Carlsen later got into serious time trouble and did not defend adequately against Svidler's attack, which gave Svidler a winning endgame. Meanwhile, Ivanchuk had outplayed Kramnik, who resigned a few minutes after Carlsen lost. Thus the tournament was won by Carlsen on the second tiebreak. Carlsen's win earned him the right to challenge the reigning world champion, Vishy Anand for the world title. !rowspan="2"|Rank!!rowspan="2"|Player !!rowspan="2"|Rating March 2013 !colspan="2" rowspan="2"|1 !colspan="2" rowspan="2"|2 !colspan="2" rowspan="2"|3 !colspan="2" rowspan="2"|4 !colspan="2" rowspan="2"|5 !colspan="2" rowspan="2"|6 !colspan="2" rowspan="2"|7 !colspan="2" rowspan="2"|8 !rowspan="2"|Points !! colspan=2|Tiebreaks ! H2H !! Wins

This is a document about World Chess Championship 2007
  The World Chess Championship 2007 was held in Mexico City, from 12 September 2007 to 30 September 2007 to decide the world champion of the game of chess. It was an eight-player, double round robin tournament. Viswanathan Anand of India won the tournament and the title of World Chess Champion. His winning score was 9 points out of 14, with a total of four wins and 10 draws, and Anand was the only undefeated player in the tournament.

This is a document about Viswanathan Anand
  Because of the odd number of players in the tournament, one player sat out every round. Each player played 8 games with 24 maximum points. Anand finished at 50% by winning 1 game (against Gawain Jones) and losing one (to Michael Adams). The eventual winner of the tournament was Carlsen, who earned 18 points out of 24 (scoring his 5 wins against the 3 British grandmasters—Adams, Jones, and Luke McShane—and against Aronian and Judit Polgar). In 2012, Anand participated in several high-level tournaments, including the London Chess Classic and the Bilbao Masters Grand Slam. Earlier in 2012, he also played a World Championship match against Gelfand in Moscow.

Viswanathan Anand defeated Boris Gelfand in the 2012 World Chess Championship to retain the world chess champion title.


Question: when did the japanese river otter become extinct

Answer: August 28 , 2012

This is a document about Japanese otter
  The Japanese otter (ニホンカワウソ(日本川獺 ー) (Lutra nippon) or Japanese river otter is an extinct species of otter formerly widespread in Japan. Dating back to the 1880s, it was even seen in Tokyo. The population suddenly shrank in the 1930s, and the mammal nearly vanished. Since then, it has only been spotted several times, in 1964 in the Seto Inland Sea, and in the Uwa Sea in 1972 and 1973. The last official sighting was in the southern part of Kōchi Prefecture in 1979, when it was photographed in the mouth of the Shinjo River in Susaki. It was subsequently classified as a "Critically Endangered" species on the Japanese Red List. On August 28, 2012, the Japanese otter was officially declared extinct by the Ministry of the Environment. It is the official animal symbol of Ehime Prefecture.

This is a document about Japanese otter
  In the past, there were thousands of river otters in Japan. Starting in the Meiji period, the government of Japan adopted a policy of increasing wealth and military prowess. Animal pelts thus became very valuable since they could be exported for money. As a result, Japanese river otters started to be hunted throughout the country. Their numbers soon dwindled. Populations made a slight comeback after the creation of hunting regulations. Even so, pollution and human development then harmed their environment and resources to build their habitats. This pollution terminated their food sources in the rivers, causing them to hunt in more dangerous settings. These causes grew rapidly, resulting in the extinction of the Japanese river otter in the late 20th century.

This is a document about Chiitan
  In 2013, the city of Susaki, Kochi Prefecture unveiled an official mascot called Shinjo-kun (しんじょう君), an extinct Japanese river otter wearing a nabeyaki (hot pot) ramen dish for a hat. The Shinjo river in Susaki is noted as the place of the last official sighting of the species in 1979. After its creation, Shinjo-kun competed and won Japan's annual competition for local mascots, the Yuru-chara Grand Prix, beating out 1,400 other mascot entrants. In 2016, Susaki named a local Asian small-clawed otter named "Chiitan" as its honorary tourism ambassador. The otter had gained popularity and had its own public access TV show. It was known for its curiosity and its

This is a document about Japanese sea lion
  1930s. Japanese commercial harvest of Japanese sea lions ended in the 1940s when the species became virtually extinct. In total, Japanese trawlers harvested as many as 16,500 sea lions, enough to cause their extinction. Submarine warfare during World War II is even believed to have contributed to their habitat destruction. The most recent sightings of Z. japonicus are from the 1970s, with the last confirmed record being a juvenile specimen captured in 1974 off the coast of Rebun Island, northern Hokkaido. There were a few unconfirmed sightings in 1983 and 1985. The last credible documentation was made in 1951 on the Liancourt Rocks reporting 50 to 60 animals. In any case, it was one of the most recent marine mammal extinctions to occur, alongside the Caribbean monk seal which went extinct at around the same time.

This is a document about Japanese otter
  Fully grown, a Japanese otter was between 65 and 80 cm long, with a tail measuring 45 to 50 cm. It had a thick, lush coat of dark brown fur with short webbed feet. In addition the river otter has two types/sets of fur. Data has shown that the river otter would shed their under fur fully from May to August. After the shedding of the under fur, the otter shed their guard hair from August to November. This allowed them to adjust to the seasons changing. The otter had a lifespan of up to 25 years.

This is a document about Japanese otter
  found. Among these, the presumed sighting reported in Kochi by a local artist with a detailed sketch was regarded "highly trustable" by Yoshihiko Machida, an emeritus professor at the Kōchi University in 2009. Dr. Machida also pointed that the previous studies by the prefecture had been restricted only among coastal areas and thus not filling the definition of extinct species by IUCN. Regarding this, a survey was conducted by Ehime Prefecture in 2014, noting several recent sightings. In February 2017, a wild otter was caught on camera on Tsushima Island, Nagasaki Prefecture. However, this individual was later found to represent a Eurasian otter, which have since started to colonize the island, becoming the first otters in Japan in over 38 years.

This is a document about Baiji
  extinction of an aquatic "megafaunal" vertebrate in over 50 years since the demise of the Japanese sea lion (Zalophus japonicus) and the Caribbean monk seal (Neomonachus tropicalis) in the 1950s. It also signified the disappearance of an entire mammal family of river dolphins (Lipotidae). The baiji's extinction would be the first recorded extinction of a well-studied cetacean species (it is unclear if some previously extinct varieties were species or subspecies) to be directly attributable to human influence. Swiss economist and CEO of the baiji.org Foundation August Pfluger funded an expedition in which an international team, taken in part from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Fisheries Research Agency in Japan, searched for

This is a document about Sea otter conservation
  Modern efforts in sea otter conservation began in the early 20th century, when the sea otter was nearly extinct due to large-scale commercial hunting. The sea otter was once abundant in a wide arc across the North Pacific ocean, from northern Japan to Alaska to Mexico. By 1911, hunting for the animal's luxurious fur had reduced the sea otter population to fewer than 2000 individuals in the most remote and inaccessible parts of its range. During the 20th century, sea otter populations recovered from remnant populations in the far east of Russia, western Alaska, and California. Beginning in the 1960s, efforts to translocate sea otters to previously

This is a document about Shedd Aquarium
  Rio Euthanized on October 29, 2013, due to age related health issues, Rio was 21 and lived well past the median life expectancy of a North American river otter.

This is a document about Japanese wolf
  The Japanese wolf is considered to be extinct as the last Japanese wolf was captured and killed at Washikaguchi of Higashiyoshino village in Honshu Nara Prefecture, Japan on January 23, 1905. Sightings of "short-legged dog like beasts", proposed to be the Japanese wolf, have been claimed since the time of its extinction until the last claim in 1997, but none of these have been verified. A claim in 2000 was dismissed as a hoax. Some Japanese zoologists believe that these reports "merely derive from misidentification of feral dogs". In AD 713, the wolf first appeared on record in Kofudoki itsubun (Lost writings on ancient customs). From AD 967, historical records indicated the wolf's preference for preying on horse, either wild horses or those in pastures, stables, and

This is a document about Sea otter conservation
  The sea otter (Enhydra lutris) is a marine mammal living near the shores of the North Pacific, from northern Japan, the Kuril Islands and Kamchatka east across the Aleutian Islands and along the North American coast to Mexico. It has the thickest fur in the animal kingdom. Between 1741 and 1911, a period of extensive hunting for sea otter pelts, known as "the Great Hunt", brought the world population to 1,000 – 2,000 individuals in a fraction of the species' historic range. Since then, most commercial hunting of the species has been banned, although a limited amount of hunting by indigenous peoples has been permitted. The sea otter

This is a document about Japanese otter
  They discovered remains of the animal's urine, which the animal is believed to leave during its courtship. The prefectural government of Kochi set up an infrared camera for six months from October 1994 to April 1995 in an effort to capture it on film, but all that was recorded were animals such as raccoon dogs. Between March 4 and 9, 1996, a group of zoo officials, municipal government officials and animals lovers from across the country searched for the river otter in the areas where finds have been made in the past. Such areas included coastal areas in Susaki, areas along the Niyodo River running through Sakawacho and Inocho, and coastal areas along Shimanto River. No evidence of the animal's existence

This is a document about Pleistocene wolf
  Japanese wolf one of the Pleistocene wolf lineages survived into the twentieth century. Although the Japanese wolf managed to outlive the mainland Pleistocene wolf for thousands of years, and was largely revered by the people of Japan and thus not significantly affected by human presence on the islands, the introduction of rabies to Japan in the 17th century decimated the wolf population, and also turned the Japanese wolf into a target of persecution despite its previously revered nature. Policies enacted during the Meiji Restoration doubled down on the persecution of the Japanese wolf, and the last confirmed sighting of an individual is thought to have been made in 1905. It is now thought to be extinct. The connection between the Japanese and Pleistocene wolves was only discovered during a 2021 genetic study.

This is a document about Baiji
  a baiji from August 2007 was released to the public. The Japanese sea lion and Caribbean monk seal disappeared in the 1950s, the most recent aquatic mammals to become extinct. Several land-based mammal species and subspecies have disappeared since then. If the baiji is extinct, the vaquita (Phocoena sinus) has become the most endangered marine mammal species. Some scientists retain hope for the species: "The fact that the expedition didn't see any baiji dolphins during this expedition does not necessarily mean that the species is extinct or even 'effectively extinct', because it covered a considerable distance in a relatively short

This is a document about Chinese paddlefish
  1990s, the species was officially listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as critically endangered, and was last seen alive in 2003. A 2019 paper from the Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute reported its extinction, suggesting that it had gone extinct sometime between 2005 and 2010, but had been functionally extinct since 1993. It was unanimously agreed to be extinct by the Species Survival Commission Sturgeon Specialist Group of the IUCN on the 15th of September 2019. It was stated that the IUCN Red List status would not be updated until June 2020, but has not been updated as of December 2021. The main cause of decline was the construction of the Gezhouba and Three Gorges dams, causing population fragmentation and blocking the anadromous spawning migration. Overfishing also played a significant role.

This is a document about River Otter, Devon
  The Otter is the only river in England known to contain a wild breeding population of beavers, a species that died out in Britain in around 1550. The origin of the population is not known; it was first noticed in 2013, apparently successfully bearing three kits the next year. Following concern from local landowners and anglers, as well as farmers worrying that the beavers could carry disease, the government announced that it would capture the beavers and place them in a zoo or wildlife park. A sport fishing industry lobbyist group, the Angling Trust, said "it would be irresponsible even to consider re-introducing this species into the wild without first restoring our rivers to good

This is a document about Yangtze
  alligator. These animals numbers went into freefall from the combined effects of accidental catches during fishing, river traffic, habitat loss and pollution. In 2006 the baiji dolphin became extinct; the world lost an entire genus. In 2020, a sweeping law was passed by the Chinese government to protect the ecology of the river. The new laws include strengthening ecological protection rules for hydropower projects along the river, banning chemical plants within 1 kilometer of the river, relocating polluting industries, severely restricting sand mining as well as a complete fishing ban on all the natural waterways of the river, including all its major tributaries and lakes.

This is a document about Japanese otter
  Research done in the early 1990s by Kōchi University in Japan found the Japanese otter to be a distinct species, in contrast to the previous classification of it as a subspecies of the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra). By comparing the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of a mummified Japanese river otter corpse with Eurasian otters from Latvia and China, it was proven that the Japanese river otter was actually distinct, and was therefore not a subspecies. The name for the Japanese river otter was then changed from L. l. whiteleyi to Lutra nippon. However, this reclassification was not generally accepted in the absence of further verification. However, later studies have reaffirmed a heavy level of genetic divergence between L. lutra and L. nippon, with a 2019 study finding L. nippon to fall outside the subspecific clade in L. lutra, and the American Society of Mammalogists has since reclassified it as a distinct species. However, according to the 2019 study, significant controversy remains over the status of L. nippon as a distinct species, and its taxonomic status thus remains uncertain.

This is a document about List of extinct animals of the Netherlands
  1990s. The last lonely otter in the Netherlands was killed by a car on 17 September 1988 in the neighbourhood of Joure (Province of Friesland). The first otters were reintroduced in National Park De Weerribben (Province of Overijssel) on 8 July 2002. By 2012 they had been released in other parts of the Netherlands as well. The twentieth century saw the taming of the Zuiderzee as a large enclosure dam (the Afsluitdijk) was constructed. Completed in 1932, the Zuiderzee became the IJsselmeer and large areas of water could be reclaimed for farming and housing. After this the harbour porpoise, together with the bottlenose dolphin, disappeared from the waters around the Netherlands. They came back in the 1980s.

This is a document about Sea otter
  Peninsula in Mexico. The fur trade that began in the 1740s reduced the sea otter's numbers to an estimated 1,000 to 2,000 members in 13 colonies. Hunting records researched by historian Adele Ogden place the westernmost limit of the hunting grounds off the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido and the easternmost limit off Punta Morro Hermosa about 21.5 mi south of Punta Eugenia, Baja California's westernmost headland in Mexico. In about two-thirds of its former range, the species is at varying levels of recovery, with high population densities in some areas and threatened populations in others. Sea otters currently have stable populations in parts of the Russian east coast, Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, and California, with reports of recolonizations in Mexico and Japan. Population estimates made between 2004 and 2007 give a worldwide total of approximately 107,000 sea otters.

The Japanese river otter was officially declared extinct by the Ministry of the Environment in 1979. However, the last confirmed sighting was in 1972.


Question: who plays walter denton on our miss brooks

Answer: Richard Crenna

This is a document about Richard Crenna
   Crenna played Walter Denton on radio's Our Miss Brooks, remaining with the cast when it moved into television in 1952. He remained with the show until it was canceled in 1957. He guest-starred on the I Love Lucy episode "The Young Fans", with Janet Waldo and on NBC's 1955–56 anthology series Frontier, in the lead role of the episode entitled "The Ten Days of John Leslie". In 1955, he was the guest star on The Millionaire in the episode "The Ralph McKnight Story". Crenna appeared in 1956 on the television series Father Knows Best, in the episode "The Promising Young Man," as a young man named Woody. In 1957, he played a bank robber on the Cheyenne television series (season 2, episode 19). When the Our Miss Brooks TV series was canceled in 1957, Crenna was searching for a new series to showcase his talent. Crenna then joined the cast of the comedy series The Real McCoys, as Luke McCoy – alongside veteran actor Walter Brennan, who played Grandpa Amos McCoy. Kathleen Nolan was cast as his young wife, Kate McCoy. Crenna ultimately became one of the series's four directors during its six-year run (1957–63).

This is a document about Our Miss Brooks
  The show's full cast, minus Jeff Chandler, played the same characters in the television version (with most of the scripts adapted from radio), which continued to revolve largely around Connie Brooks' daily relationships with Madison High students, colleagues, and principal. Philip Boynton was played by Robert Rockwell, who also succeeded Jeff Chandler on the radio series. The television show, sponsored by General Foods, shifted focus later in its run, moving Connie Brooks and Osgood Conklin from a public high school to an exclusive private school in the fall of 1955. It also changed the title character's romantic focus; Gene Barry was cast as physical education teacher Gene Talbot, and Connie was now the pursued instead of the pursuer, although Mr. Boynton reappeared in several episodes before the season ended. Our Miss Brooks ran for 130 episodes on television and won an Emmy

This is a document about Our Miss Brooks
  been the next choice, but she was committed to My Favorite Husband and did not audition. CBS then-chairman Bill Paley, who was friendly with Arden, persuaded her to audition for the part. With a slightly rewritten audition script—Osgood Conklin, for example, was originally written as a school board president, but was now written as the incoming new Madison principal—Arden agreed to give the newly revamped show a try. Produced by Larry Berns and written by director Al Lewis, Our Miss Brooks premiered on CBS on July 19, 1948. According to radio critic John Crosby, her lines were very "feline" in dialogue scenes with principal Conklin and would-be boyfriend

This is a document about List of Cheers characters
  Walter Gaines (Richard Doyle) is Kelly's (Jackie Swanson) father and one of Rebecca Howe's (Kirstie Alley) corporate executives. Since his first episode "Golden Boyd" (1989), Walter usually disapproves of Kelly and Woody being together. Eventually, he accepts the relationship when they become married in "An Old Fashioned Wedding" (1992). In "Ill-Gotten Gaines" (1992), he has a brief affair with his married sister-in-law Katherine (Sondra Currie). Due to a misunderstanding, he mistakenly believes Woody had found out and is attempting to blackmail him. He later learns that Woody knew nothing of the affair and that Woody would never stoop to blackmail, however Mr. Gaines' butler Hives overhears the entire conversation and proceeds to blackmail him. In "Rebecca Gaines, Rebecca Loses" (1993), Walter asks Rebecca for a date at the bar, even after she gets drunk and then humiliates him at the party in the house. However, Rebecca turns him down because she realizes she would only be dating him for his money. Walter is divorced from Roxanne (Melendy Britt), who appears in "Woody Or Won't He" (1990). Walter's mother (Celeste Holm) accepts Woody as a husband for Kelly in the episode "No Rest for Woody" (1992).

This is a document about Anonymous (Australian Playhouse)
 Peter O'Shaughnessy as Walter ; Shirley O'Shaughnessy ; Elspeth Ballantyne ; Gerard Kennedy ; Helen Harper

This is a document about James Denton
  James Thomas Denton Jr. (born January 20, 1963) is an American actor and musician. He is best known for playing Mike Delfino on ABC's comedy-drama series Desperate Housewives (2004–2012) and Dr. Sam Radford on Hallmark Channel's comedy-drama series Good Witch (2015–2021).

This is a document about Natalie Walter
  Walter's recent TV roles include starring as Francine in I May Destroy You, which won three awards at the 2021 Baftas, including for best mini-series. In the same year, Walter played Fizzy in Strike, the BBC's adaptation of JK Rowling's series of crime thriller novels Cormoran Strike. Since 2015, Walter has been a regular performer in the BBC's children's historical sketch comedy Horrible Histories. Her other notable television appearances include in The Thin Blue Line, which also starred Rowan Atkinson, and the BBC comedy sketch series Harry Enfield and Chums. In 2008, she played Alice Coltrane in the Doctor Who episode "Turn Left". In 2010, she had a guest starring role as Emily in the Easter special of Jonathan Creek (The Judas Tree) and appeared in an episode of Lynda La Plante's ITV drama serial Above Suspicion. Walter also had a leading role in Christopher Guest's HBO mockumentary-style comedy Family Tree, starring opposite Chris O'Dowd.

This is a document about Eve Arden
  Osgood Conklin (played by Gale Gordon) and nursed an unrequited crush on fellow teacher Philip Boynton (played originally by future film star Jeff Chandler; and later on radio and TV by Robert Rockwell). Except for Chandler, the entire radio cast of Arden, Gordon, Richard Crenna (Walter Denton), Robert Rockwell (Mr. Philip Boynton), Gloria McMillan (Harriet Conklin) and Jane Morgan (landlady Margaret Davis) played the same roles on TV. Arden's portrayal of Miss Brooks was so popular that she was made an honorary member of the National Education Association, received a 1952 award from the Teachers College of Connecticut's Alumni Association

This is a document about Jessica Walter
  Jessica Walter (January 31, 1941March 24, 2021) was an American actress who appeared in over 170 film, television, and stage productions. She was best known for her role as Lucille Bluth on the sitcom Arrested Development (2003–06, 2013–19), and providing the voice of Malory Archer on the long-running FX animated series Archer (2009–21). She received various awards over her career including a Primetime Emmy Award for Amy Prentiss (1975). She also received two Golden Globe Award nominations and three Screen Actors Guild Award nominations. Walter studied acting at the Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre in New York City and began her career on the Broadway stage, winning a 1963 Clarence Derwent Award for Outstanding Debut Performance. She made her film debut in the neo-noir drama Lilith (1964), and

This is a document about Jessica Walter
  the TV Land sitcom Retired at 35 alongside her Bye Bye Braverman co-star George Segal. Walter starred as Evangeline Harcourt in the Broadway revival of Anything Goes, which began previews in March 2011 and officially opened on April 7, 2011. Walter voiced spymaster Malory Archer on the FX animated series Archer. Walter mentioned that her performance in Arrested Development was explicitly referenced when auditions for the part of Malory were sought. She was at the center of a controversy which erupted in May 2018 over harassment she had received from Arrested Development co-star Jeffrey Tambor. During a cast interview with the New York Times, Walter was asked

This is a document about Our Miss Brooks
  Our Miss Brooks was a hit on radio from the outset; within eight months of its launch as a regular series, the show landed several honors, including four for Eve Arden, who won polls in four individual publications of the time. Arden had actually been the third choice to play the title role. Harry Ackerman, at the time CBS's West Coast director of programming, wanted Shirley Booth for the part, but as he told historian Gerald Nachman many years later, he realized Booth was too focused on the underpaid downside of public school teaching at the time to have fun with the role. Lucille Ball was believed to

This is a document about Warehouse 13 (season 3)
 Anthony Michael Hall as Walter Sykes

This is a document about List of Drake & Josh characters
  Walter Nichols (Jonathan Goldstein) is Josh's father, Drake and Megan's stepfather and Audrey's husband. He is a meteorologist for a local TV news program in San Diego, but he is often wrong about the weather. Walter is often slow-witted, awkward, out-of-touch, and old-fashioned. As a result, he lacks the respect of his stepchildren, who refer to him by his first name. When Megan calls him by his first name, he always asks, "When did she start calling me Walter?" and Audrey replies, "I don't know." He is also oblivious and cynical regarding Megan's pranks, which have caused the boys many punishments. However, starting in the episode "The Demonator," Walter slowly begins to notice Megan's evil ways. A running gag involves a rivalry between him and Bruce Winchill, an unseen weatherman from another station. He hates that Winchill is so popular, as he is always right with his predictions and even forbids the use of Winchill's name in the family home.

This is a document about Natalie Walter
  Walter's most recent film role was starring as Melissa in Regarding Annabelle, a short film by writer/director Gary Simpson which was included in the Official Selection at the Hollywood Short Film Festival and the European Short Film Festival. Walter's other film credits include Woody Allen's 2010 romantic comedy You Will Meet a Tall Dark Stranger, The Wedding Video, I Want Candy, Lady Godiva and Remember Me?.

This is a document about Hy Averback
  Doing comedy on early television, he appeared on The Saturday Night Revue (1953–54), Tonight (1955) and NBC Comedy Hour (1956). He was a series regular as Mr. Romero on the Eve Arden sitcom Our Miss Brooks and appeared on I Love Lucy and other 1950s comedies, then moved into directing at the end of the decade. He directed The Real McCoys, the Walter Brennan sitcom that was created and produced by Irving Pincus and aired on ABC and CBS from 1957 to 1963. Later, Averback shared directing duties with Richard Crenna on The Real McCoys. Crenna had been a cast member with Averback on Our Miss Brooks. Averback also

This is a document about Our Miss Brooks
  before it was cancelled in 1956. In the 1954–55 season, it overpowered Dear Phoebe, its NBC competition, starring Peter Lawford and Charles Lane, which failed to be renewed for a second season. Our Miss Brooks finished in Nielsen ratings that season at number 15 overall after previously ranking at number 23 in 1952–1953 and number 14 in 1953–1954. For the 1955–56 season, with the format change and Rockwell (as Boynton) replaced by Gene Barry, the ratings fell. To rectify their mistake, the producers brought back Rockwell as Boynton in midseason, but it did not help. The show was cancelled in the spring of 1956. However, in the theatrical film Our Miss Brooks released by Warner Bros. in the same year, Connie and Mr. Boynton were finally engaged to be married. The television series was seen for several years thereafter in rebroadcasts.

This is a document about Eve Arden
  Arden's ability with witty scripts made her a natural talent for radio. She was a regular on Danny Kaye's short-lived but memorably zany comedy-variety show in 1946, which also featured swing bandleader Harry James and gravel-voiced character actor-comedian Lionel Stander. Kaye's show lasted one season, but Arden's comic talent led to her best-known role, that of Madison High School English teacher Connie Brooks in Our Miss Brooks. Arden portrayed the character on radio from 1948 to 1957, in a television version of the program from 1952 to 1956, and in a 1956 feature film. Her character clashed with the school's

This is a document about I Love Lucy
 1952 ; Best Comedy Show—Nominated (Winner: The Red Skelton Hour) ; 1953 ; Best Situation Comedy—Won ; Best Comedienne: Lucille Ball—Won ; 1954 ; Best Female Star of a Regular Series: Lucille Ball—Nominated (Winner: Eve Arden for Our Miss Brooks) ; Best Series Supporting Actor: William Frawley—Nominated (Winner: Art Carney for The Jackie Gleason Show) ; Best Series Supporting Actress: Vivian Vance—Won ; Best Situation Comedy—Won ; 1955 ; Best Actress Starring in a Regular Series: Lucille Ball—Nominated (Winner: Loretta Young for The Loretta Young Show) ; Best Situation Comedy Series—Nominated (Winner: The Danny Thomas Show) ; Best Supporting Actor in a Regular Series: William Frawley—Nominated (Winner: Art Carney for The Jackie Gleason Show) ; Best Supporting Actress in a Regular Series: Vivian

This is a document about Martin E. Brooks
  networks in the spring of 1978. Brooks reprised the role of Wells in three television movies: The Return of the Six-Million-Dollar Man and the Bionic Woman (1987), Bionic Showdown: The Six Million Dollar Man and the Bionic Woman (1989) and Bionic Ever After? (1994). His other television roles include in Mike Snow in Hunter, Arthur Bradshaw in General Hospital,  Car 54, Where Are You?, Gunsmoke, Mission: Impossible, Night Gallery, Love, American Style, The Mod Squad, and Edgar Randolph in the soap opera Dallas, in a story arc involving J.R. Ewing. Brooks also guest-starred in an episode of The Silent Force in 1970. He appeared in Knots Landing as Ted Burton in the 1990s.

This is a document about James Denton
  as the third most watched television series in a study of ratings in twenty countries. Since first appearing in Desperate Housewives, Denton continued to appear in numerous films, including: Assumption (2006), Beautiful Dreamer (2006), Undead or Alive (2007), Custody (2007), Tortured (2008) and All-Star Superman (2011). Denton also appeared in Dale Watson's music video for "Justice for All" (2007) and Phil Vassar's music video for "Bobbi with an I" (2009). Denton portrays Dr. Sam Radford, a starring role on Hallmark Channel's fantasy comedy-drama television series Good Witch. The series follows a mother-daughter duo's magical journey as they welcome Dr. Sam Radford (Denton) and his son to town. The New York Times called the series "a gentle, sentimental prime-time

Richard Denton played Walter Denton on "Our Miss Brooks."


Question: who sang i ca n 't help falling in love with you first

Answer: Elvis Presley

This is a document about Can't Help Falling in Love
  "Can't Help Falling in Love" is a song recorded by American singer Elvis Presley for the album Blue Hawaii (1961). It was written by Hugo Peretti, Luigi Creatore, and George David Weiss and published by Gladys Music, Inc. The melody is based on "Plaisir d'amour", a popular French love song composed in 1784 by Jean-Paul-Égide Martini. The song was initially written from the perspective of a woman as "Can't Help Falling in Love with Him", which explains the first and third line ending on "in" and "sin" rather than words rhyming with "you". "Can't Help Falling in Love" was featured in Presley's 1961 film Blue Hawaii. During the following five decades, it has been recorded by numerous other artists, including Bob Dylan on his 1973 album Dylan, Dick Smothers, Swedish pop group A-Teens, and the British reggae group UB40, whose 1993 version topped the U.S. and UK charts. It has also been regarded as one of the greatest songs of all time by Rolling Stone, ranking #403 in the list's 2012 edition.

This is a document about The Wrecking Crew (music)
  the beginning of the new decade led to session work in Los Angeles studios, where he became acquainted with Earl Palmer and saxophonist Steve Douglas. Blaine played on Elvis Presley's 1961 hit "Can't Help Falling in Love". Shortly thereafter, he began playing on sessions for Phil Spector, quickly becoming the producer's preferred drummer, and, along with Earl Palmer, became one of the two top session drummers in Los Angeles. Blaine is reputed to have played on over 140 top ten hits including approximately 40 No. 1 hits, such as "I Got You Babe" by Sonny & Cher, "Mr Tambourine Man"

This is a document about Can't Help Falling in Love
 1) "I Can't Help Falling in Love With You" ; 2) "Rock-A-Hula Baby" 7" single

This is a document about Hugo & Luigi
  First coming to attention with singles released on Mercury Records in the mid-1950s, they went on to produce Perry Como, Sam Cooke and several other RCA Victor artists, including the hit records "Twistin' the Night Away", "Another Saturday Night", "The Lion Sleeps Tonight" by the Tokens, "Shout", a classic by the Isley Brothers, and "I Will Follow Him" by Little Peggy March. They co-wrote Elvis Presley's hit "Can't Help Falling in Love", with George David Weiss. They also produced albums by Della Reese including The Classic Della, a collection of pop songs based on classical themes and Waltz With Me, Della, a collection of popular songs in 3/4 time. Their track, "La Plume de Ma Tante" (written by

This is a document about Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Andy Williams album)
  UK, the name of the album was changed to Can't Help Falling in Love, and the song selection and track order were slightly different. It entered the UK album chart that same month, on June 20, and reached number seven over the course of 48 weeks. The song "Can't Help Falling in Love" was one of the two tracks from the UK version of the album that did not appear on the original release. As a non-album single in the US, it entered Billboard magazine's Hot 100 chart in the issue dated February 28, 1970, and spent three weeks there, getting as high as number 88. It also began a three-week run on the magazine's chart

This is a document about Jess Greenberg
  Greenberg started performing publicly at an early age. In an interview she recounted her performance of Elvis Presley's "Can't Help Falling in Love With You" at age four while on a trip to St. Tropez to an audience at the Hotel Byblos. "I requested 'Can't help falling in love with you' by Elvis and the performer asked if I'd sing it. I remember being so excited." She later explained the effect that seeing the 2003 Jack Black movie School of Rock had on her musical interests, "I remember that changing my view of music completely. I started listening to AC/DC, Guns N' Roses, Red Hot Chili Peppers … and I realized how much I loved rock music." Greenberg also cites Jimi Hendrix as "one of my biggest inspirations". Greenberg began posting cover recordings

This is a document about Reflections (Andy Williams album)
 1) "Can't Help Falling in Love" (Luigi Creatore, Hugo Peretti, George David Weiss) – 3:15 ; 2) * rec. 1/14/70; UK singles chart: #3 ; 3) "Without You" (Tom Evans, Peter Ham) – 3:16 ; 4) * rec. 2/1/72 for his album Love Theme from 'The Godfather' ; 5) "Can't Get Used to Losing You" (Jerome "Doc" Pomus, Mort Shuman) – 2:25 ; 6) * rec. 12/2/62; UK singles chart: #2 (1 week) ; 7) "God Only Knows" (Tony Asher, Brian Wilson) – 2:52 ; 8) * rec. 1967 for his album Love, Andy ; 9) "Solitaire" (Phil Cody, Neil Sedaka) – 4:22 ; 10) * rec. 7/73; UK singles chart: #4 ; 11) "Your

This is a document about Memphis Sound Drum and Bugle Corps
  "I Can't Help Falling In Love With You" originally recorded by Elvis Presley. Arranged for the drum corps by...

This is a document about A-Teens
  reported they had over fifteen tracks already recorded, giving names of tracks and telling the fans the direction they were going musically. The band finished recording their album in late March that year with meeting with MCA executives to plan what would be the promotion and tour for the album. In May 2002, the band announced the first single to be taken from the album would be Elvis Presley's cover "Can't Help Falling In Love" to be launched to radios that month, and would also serve as the soundtrack of the then new Disney movie Lilo & Stitch. A series of promotional stops in different

This is a document about Luka Bloom
  an audience that was asked to remain as quiet as possible. In 1998, Bloom released Salty Heaven, an album inspired by his return to Ireland. Bloom's early albums showcased his frenetic strumming style (once described as "stadium rock for the bedroom"), including "Delirious", the debut track on Riverside, and his penchant for thoughtful cover songs, an affinity that he maintains even in more recent work. He had previously covered LL Cool J's I Need Love and Elvis Presley's Can't Help Falling in Love on the album The Acoustic Motorbike. Released in 2000, Keeper of the Flame was an album of cover versions featuring renditions of ABBA's

This is a document about Please Help Me, I'm Falling
 During the early 1960s Broadway Record Label released a version of this song on an EP - 45 rpm that featured "Vocals and Orchestra by Popular Artists," none of which are listed anywhere on the record label. In October 1963, The Everly Brothers recorded the song as one of the tracks on their album The Everly Brothers Sing Great Country Hits, featuring their covers of classic country songs. On August 1, 1967, Charley Pride covered the song. His version was not released as a single, and remained unreleased until it was included on his 1997 album The Essential Charley Pride. In 1973, John Fogerty covered the song on his first solo album, Blue Ridge Rangers. In 1978, Janie Fricke released a cover version of the song as "Please Help Me (I'm Fallin' in Love with You)" and took

This is a document about The Very Best of Andy Williams (2009 album)
  Watkins) – 2:29 ; 20) * rec. 1/14/70 & 1/16/70; UK singles chart: #13 ; 21) "Born Free" (John Barry, Don Black) – 2:27 ; 22) * rec. 3/2/67 for his album Born Free ; 23) "Up, Up and Away" (Jimmy Webb) – 2:36 ; 24) * rec. 1968 for his album Honey ; 25) "Home Lovin' Man" (Roger Cook, Roger Greenaway, Tony Macaulay) – 3:10 ; 26) * rec. 8/29/70; UK singles chart: #7 ; 27) "Can't Help Falling in Love" (George Weiss, Hugo Peretti, Luigi Creatore) – 3:15 ; 28) * rec. 1/14/70; UK singles chart: #3 ; 29) "MacArthur Park" (Jimmy Webb) – 5:03

This is a document about Tango in the Night
  After the completion of The Mirage tour in 1982, four of the members of Fleetwood Mac released five solo albums with varying degrees of success. Mick Fleetwood, Christine McVie, and Lindsey Buckingham each released one while Stevie Nicks released two. However, John McVie preferred to go sailing during this time. In 1985, Christine McVie was called to record a cover of Elvis Presley's "Can't Help Falling in Love" for the soundtrack of the movie A Fine Mess. McVie brought Richard Dashut, who had engineered and produced Rumours, Tusk, and Mirage, on board to assist with the album's production. Buckingham, Fleetwood, and John McVie were enlisted to supply the instrumentation. Greg Droman, a relatively new

This is a document about Luigi Creatore
  Two years later, Creatore and Peretti signed a deal with RCA Victor where they produced pop crooner and NBC television personality Perry Como. In addition, they produced several other RCA Victor recording artists, including Sam Cooke and Ray Peterson and wrote English lyrics for the song "The Lion Sleeps Tonight" (with the original bulk of the song written by Solomon Linda), producing the hit single for The Tokens. With George David Weiss they co-wrote "Can't Help Falling in Love" for Elvis Presley. Peretti and Creatore also wrote the Presley film theme "Wild in the Country". He and Peretti left RCA Victor in 1964 to join Weiss in writing a musical about the American Civil War. Titled Maggie Flynn (starring

This is a document about Black Holes and Revelations
  for Black Holes with new lyrics and an arrangement inspired by "Can't Help Falling in Love" by Elvis Presley. Drummer Dominic Howard said the band had planned to record it with a "massive, epic" approach, but decided to use a small studio with vintage equipment and few microphones. Howard described it as a "real highlight", with "some of the most amazing vocals I've ever heard Matt do". "Knights of Cydonia" was inspired by surf rock and the 1962 single "Telstar" by the Tornados, which featured Bellamy's father George Bellamy. Bellamy said that the song title "acknowledged that this is a bit funny, particularly when we are pushing the epic side of the band to almost comical levels ... There's a lot of freedom in being able to laugh at yourself."

This is a document about List of artists who have achieved simultaneous number-one UK Single and Album
 Elvis Presley - "Are You Lonesome Tonight?" and G.I. Blues - 28 January 1961, 4 weeks ; Elvis Presley - "Wooden Heart" and G.I. Blues - 25 March 1961, 1 week; 8 April 1961, 4 weeks ; The Shadows - "Kon-Tiki" and The Shadows - 7 October 1961, 1 week ; Cliff Richard and The Shadows - "The Young Ones" and The Young Ones - 13 January 1962, 6 weeks ; Elvis Presley - "Can't Help Falling in Love" / "Rock-A-Hula Baby" and Blue Hawaii - 24 February 1962, 4 weeks ; The Shadows as backing group on Cliff Richard's "Bachelor Boy" (not on "The Next Time") and on their own Out of the Shadows - 19 January 1963, 1

This is a document about Pop 'til You Drop!
  Pop 'til You Drop! is the third studio album by Swedish pop group A-Teens, released in 2002 exclusively for the U.S. market. Recorded between 2001 and 2002 in Stockholm, Sweden, Pop 'til You Drop! provide a more American-driven sound rather than just Europop. For the first time, the A-Teens participated on the writing of the tracks and the design of the album and image. It was released as an American only release on June 18, 2002, in the hype of the promotion of the first single, the Elvis Presley cover "Can't Help Falling in Love", which was part of the soundtrack of Disney's movie Lilo & Stitch. The album also consists of six songs later released on their third full-length studio album New Arrival, with "Let Your Heart Do All the Talking" having an early altered version with a slightly

This is a document about Big Dee Irwin
 "I Can't Help It (I'm Falling In Love)" / "Rubin, Rubin" — 1959 ; "Let's Try Again" /"'Tis Farewell" — 1960 "Someday You'll Understand Why" / "Anytime" — 1961 "Everybody's Got a Dance But Me" / "And Heaven Was Here" — 1962 ; "Swinging on a Star" * / "Another Night with the Boys" * — 1963 - U.S. No. 38, UK No. 7 ; "Happy Being Fat" * / "Soul Waltzin'" — 1963 ; "Skeeter" / "You're My Inspiration" — 1963 ; "The Christmas Song" * / "I Wish You a Merry Christmas" * — 1963 ; "Heigh-Ho" ** / "I Want So Much to Know You" ** — 1964 "Donkey

This is a document about List of Australian chart achievements and milestones
  Baxter (1955) and The Righteous Brothers (1990) ; 8) "Can't Help Falling in Love" by Elvis Presley (1962) and UB40 (1993) ; 9) "The Power of Love" by Jennifer Rush (1985) and Celine Dion (1994) ; 10) "Stayin' Alive" by Bee Gees (1978) and N-Trance (1995) ; 11) "Killing Me Softly with His Song" by Roberta Flack (1973) and The Fugees (1996, entitled Killing Me Softly) ; 12) "American Pie" by Don McLean (1972) and Madonna (2000) ; 13) "What About Me" by Moving Pictures (1981) and Shannon Noll (2004)  ==Songs that have hit number one by different artists==

This is a document about Command Performances: The Essential 60s Masters II
  volume of the Essential '60s Masters. The two discs present the studio masters in rough chronological session order. Two previously unreleased masters appear: a version of the Eddy Arnold song "You Don't Know Me" recorded during the sessions for the movie Clambake; and an alternate take of the song "Follow That Dream" as the stereo master for the original has been lost, and the compilers opted not to use the surviving mono master. The songs "Can't Help Falling in Love" and "Rock-A-Hula Baby" were released as, respectively, the A-side and b-side of a single following the release of the Blue Hawaii album, and went to

Elvis Presley sang "Can't Help Falling in Love with You" first.


Question: what type of cell contributes to the blood-brain barrier in the central nervous system

Answer: endothelial cells

This is a document about Neuroinflammation
  The blood–brain barrier is a structure composed of endothelial cells and astrocytes that forms a barrier between the brain and circulating blood. Physiologically, this enables the brain to be protected from potentially toxic molecules and cells in the blood. Astrocytes form tight junctions, and therefore may strictly regulate what may pass the blood–brain barrier and enter the interstitial space. After injury and sustained release of inflammatory factors such as chemokines, the blood–brain barrier may be compromised, becoming permeable to circulating blood components and peripheral immune cells. Cells involved in the innate and adaptive immune responses, such as macrophages, T cells, and B cells, may then enter into the brain. This exacerbates the inflammatory environment of the brain and contributes to chronic neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.

This is a document about Meningitis
  cell membrane are identified by the immune cells of the brain (astrocytes and microglia), they respond by releasing large amounts of cytokines, hormone-like mediators that recruit other immune cells and stimulate other tissues to participate in an immune response. The blood–brain barrier becomes more permeable, leading to "vasogenic" cerebral edema (swelling of the brain due to fluid leakage from blood vessels). Large numbers of white blood cells enter the CSF, causing inflammation of the meninges and leading to "interstitial" edema (swelling due to fluid between the cells). In addition, the walls of the blood vessels themselves become inflamed (cerebral vasculitis), which leads to decreased

This is a document about Choroid plexus
  metabolic products into the blood. Despite the similar function between the BBB and BCSFB, each facilitates the transport of different substances into the brain due to the distinctive structural characteristics of each of the two barrier systems. For a number of substances, the BCSFB is the primary site of entry into brain tissue. The blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier has also been shown to modulate the entry of leukocytes from the blood to the central nervous system. The choroid plexus cells secrete cytokines that recruit monocyte-derived macrophages, among other cells, to the brain. This cellular trafficking has implications both in normal brain homeostasis and in neuroinflammatory processes.

This is a document about Astrocyte
  Astrocytes (from Ancient Greek ἄστρον, ástron, "star" + κύτος, kútos, "cavity", "cell"), also known collectively as astroglia, are characteristic star-shaped glial cells in the brain and spinal cord. They perform many functions, including biochemical support of endothelial cells that form the blood–brain barrier, provision of nutrients to the nervous tissue, maintenance of extracellular ion balance, regulation of cerebral blood flow, and a role in the repair and scarring process of the brain and spinal cord following infection and traumatic injuries. The proportion of astrocytes in the brain is not well defined; depending on the counting technique used, studies have found that the astrocyte proportion varies by region and ranges from 20% to 40% of all glia. Another study reports that astrocytes are

This is a document about Blood–brain barrier
  The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective semipermeable border of endothelial cells that prevents solutes in the circulating blood from non-selectively crossing into the extracellular fluid of the central nervous system where neurons reside. The blood–brain barrier is formed by endothelial cells of the capillary wall, astrocyte end-feet ensheathing the capillary, and pericytes embedded in the capillary basement membrane. This system allows the passage of some small molecules by passive diffusion, as well as the selective and active transport of various nutrients, ions, organic anions, and macromolecules such as glucose and amino acids that are crucial to neural function. The blood–brain barrier restricts the

This is a document about Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier
  endothelial cells. They release secretory compounds that influence the phenotype of endothelial cells and express aquaporin and potassium channels that help regulate ion concentration and fluid volume within the spinal cord. The anatomy of the BSCB is very similar to the anatomy of the blood-brain barrier (BBB); however many key differences exist between the two that affect both the maintenance of healthy tissue and development of pathophysiology within the central nervous system (CNS). In general, the BSCB is more permeable than the BBB, largely due to the relatively low expression of tight junction proteins like ZO-1 and occludin. For example, mannitol,

This is a document about Pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis
  The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a protective barrier that denies the entrance of foreign material into the nervous system. BBB disruption is the moment in which penetration of the barrier by lymphocytes occur and has been considered one of the early problems in MS lesions. The BBB is composed of endothelial cells which line the blood vessel walls of the central nervous system. Compared to normal endothelial cells, the cells lining the BBB are connected by occludin and claudin which form tight junctions in order to create a barrier to keep out larger molecules such as proteins. In order to pass through, molecules must be taken in by transport proteins or an alteration in the BBB permeability must occur, such as interactions with associated

This is a document about Blood–brain barrier
  (also known as "glia limitans") surround the endothelial cells of the BBB, providing biochemical support to those cells. The BBB is distinct from the quite similar blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, which is a function of the choroidal cells of the choroid plexus, and from the blood-retinal barrier, which can be considered a part of the whole realm of such barriers. Not all vessels in the human brain exhibit BBB properties. Some examples of this include the circumventricular organs, the roof of the third and fourth ventricles, capillaries in the pineal gland on the roof of the diencephalon and the pineal gland. The pineal gland secretes the hormone melatonin "directly into the systemic circulation", thus melatonin is not affected by the blood–brain barrier.

This is a document about Pericyte
  Pericytes play a crucial role in the formation and functionality of the blood–brain barrier. This barrier is composed of endothelial cells and ensures the protection and functionality of the brain and central nervous system. It has been found that pericytes are crucial to the postnatal formation of this barrier. Pericytes are responsible for tight junction formation and vesicle trafficking amongst endothelial cells. Furthermore, they allow the formation of the blood–brain barrier by inhibiting the effects of CNS immune cells (which can damage the formation of the barrier) and by reducing the expression of molecules that increase vascular permeability. Aside from blood–brain barrier formation, pericytes also play an active role in its functionality. Animal models of developmental loss of pericytes show increased endothelial transcytosis, as well as skewed arterio-venous zonation, increased expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules and microaneurysms. Loss or dysfunction of pericytes is also theorized to contribute to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's,  Parkinson's and ALS through breakdown of the blood-brain barrier.

This is a document about Blood–brain barrier
   The BBB results from the selectivity of the tight junctions between the endothelial cells of brain capillaries, restricting the passage of solutes. At the interface between blood and the brain, endothelial cells are adjoined continuously by these tight junctions, which are composed of smaller subunits of transmembrane proteins, such as occludin, claudins (such as Claudin-5), junctional adhesion molecule (such as JAM-A). Each of these tight junction proteins is stabilized to the endothelial cell membrane by another protein complex that includes scaffolding proteins such as tight junction protein 1 (ZO1) and associated proteins. The BBB is composed of endothelial cells restricting passage of substances from the blood more selectively than endothelial cells of capillaries elsewhere in the body. Astrocyte cell projections called astrocytic

This is a document about Nanoparticle–biomolecule conjugate
  The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is composed of a system of capillaries that has an especially dense lining of endothelial cells which protects the central nervous system (CNS) against the diffusion of foreign substances into the cerebrospinal fluid. These harmful objects include microscopic bacteria, large hydrophobic molecules, certain hormones and neurotransmitters, and low-lipid-soluble molecules. The BBB prevents these harmful particles from entering the brain via tight junctions between endothelial cells and metabolic barriers. The thoroughness with which the BBB does its job makes it difficult to treat diseases of the brain such as cancer, Alzheimer's, and autism, because it is very difficult

This is a document about Pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease
  The fifth proposed major mechanism for cell death is the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB has three cell types which tightly regulate the flow of molecules in and out of the brain: endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes. In neurodegenerative diseases, BBB breakdown has been measured and identified in specific regions of the brain, including the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease and hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease. Protein aggregates or cytokines from neuroinflammation may interfere with cell receptors and alter their function in the BBB. Most notably, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptors are thought to be dysregulated in neurodegenerative diseases. The interaction between the VEGF protein and its receptors leads to cell proliferation, but is believed to be disrupted in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. This then causes cells to stop growing

This is a document about Microglia
  normal brain functions under healthy conditions. Microglia also constantly monitor neuronal functions through direct somatic contacts and exert neuroprotective effects when needed. The brain and spinal cord, which make up the CNS, are not usually accessed directly by pathogenic factors in the body's circulation due to a series of endothelial cells known as the blood–brain barrier, or BBB. The BBB prevents most infections from reaching the vulnerable nervous tissue. In the case where infectious agents are directly introduced to the brain or cross the blood–brain barrier, microglial cells must react quickly to decrease inflammation and destroy the infectious agents before they damage the sensitive neural tissue. Due to the lack of antibodies from the rest of the body (few antibodies are small enough to cross the blood–brain barrier), microglia must be able to recognize foreign bodies, swallow them, and act as antigen-presenting cells activating T-cells.

This is a document about Glia limitans
   The main role of the glia limitans is to act as a physical barrier against unwanted cells or molecules attempting to enter the CNS. The glia limitans compartmentalizes the brain to insulate the parenchyma from the vascular and subarachnoid compartments. Within the brain, the glial limiting membrane is an important constituent of the blood–brain barrier. Experiments using electron-dense markers have discovered that functional components of the blood–brain barrier are the endothelial cells that compose the vessel itself. These endothelial cells contain highly impermeable tight junctions that cause the blood vessels of the brain to exhibit none of the “leakiness” found in arteries and veins elsewhere in the body. Through both in vivo and in vitro experiments the astrocytic foot processes of the glia limitans were shown to induce the formation of the tight junctions of the endothelial cells during brain

This is a document about Drug delivery to the brain
  The blood–brain barrier is formed by special tight junctions between endothelial cells lining brain blood vessels. Blood vessels of all tissues contain this monolayer of endothelial cells, however only brain endothelial cells have tight junctions preventing passive diffusion of most substances into the brain tissue. The structure of these tight junctions was first determined in the 1960s by Tom Reese, Morris Kranovsky and Milton Brightman. Furthermore, astrocytic "end feet", the terminal regions of the astrocytic processes, surround the outside of brain capillary endothelial cells".   The astrocytes are glial cells restricted to the brain and spinal cord and help maintain blood-brain barrier properties in brain endothelial cells.

This is a document about Nerve guidance conduit
  Glial cells are necessary for supporting the growth and maintenance of neurons in the peripheral and central nervous system. Most glial cells are specific to either the peripheral or central nervous system. Schwann cells are located in the peripheral nervous system where they myelinate the axons of neurons. Astrocytes are specific to the central nervous system; they provide nutrients, physical support, and insulation for neurons. They also form the blood brain barrier. Olfactory ensheathing cells, however, cross the CNS-PNS boundary, because they guide olfactory receptor neurons from the PNS to the CNS.

This is a document about Subcommissural organ
  also involved in the production of brain transthyretin, a protein involved in the transport of thyroid hormones in blood. Some studies indicate the presence of both tyrosine-hydroxylase-immunoreactive nerve fibers and dopamine receptors in the SCO ependyma. In addition, there is evidence suggesting that the SCO activity in adult animals may be regulated by serotonin. All capillaries in the central nervous system with a functional blood-brain barrier express glucose transporters (GLUT1). These transporters are generally absent in leaky barrier structures. The circumventricular organs that are known to have leaky barrier capillaries were stained by fibronectin antibodies but not by GLUT1 antibodies. The subcommissural organ appears to be unique in that it shows neither GLUT1 nor capillary.

This is a document about Microbial symbiosis and immunity
  Microglia development have a pivotal role in central nervous system dysfunction, bacterial metabolite SCFAs regulate microglia homeostasis that is crucial for regular CNS development. Also pivotal for brain development is the creation of tight junctions at the blood-brain barrier in order to control passage between the blood and brain. Germ-free mice have increased blood-brain barrier permeability due to decreased expression of tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-5 as compared to normal gut microbiota mice. Butyrate-producing bacteria and the dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid have been linked to higher quality of life indicators while γ-aminobutyric acid has been linked to higher levels of depression.

This is a document about Central nervous system effects from radiation exposure during spaceflight
  which are the supporting cells and consist of astrocytes, oligodendroglia, and microglia. These cells permeate and support the nervous tissue of the CNS, binding it together like a scaffold that also supports the vasculature. The most numerous of the neuroglia are Type I astrocytes, which make up about half the brain, greatly outnumbering the neurons. Neuroglia retain the capability of cell division in contrast to neurons and, therefore, the responses to radiation differ between the cell types. A third type of tissue in the brain is the vasculature which exhibits a comparable vulnerability for radiation damage to that found elsewhere in the body. Radiation-induced damage

This is a document about Head and neck anatomy
  The Blood–brain barrier (BBB) is semi-permeable membrane that controls the capillary leak potential of the circulatory system. In most parts of the body, the smallest blood vessels, called capillaries, are lined with endothelial cells, which have small spaces between each individual cell so substances can move readily between the inside and the outside of the capillary. This is not in the case of brain. In the brain, the endothelial cells fit tightly together to create a tight junction and substances cannot pass out of the bloodstream. Specialized glial cells called astrocytes form a tight junction or protective barrier around brain blood vessels and may be important in the development of the BBB. Astrocytes may also be responsible for transporting ions (electrolytes) from the brain to the blood.

Astrocytes and endothelial cells contribute to the blood-brain barrier in the central nervous system. Astrocytes provide biochemical support to neurons, maintain the extracellular ion balance, and regulate the blood-brain barrier by forming tight junctions with endothelial cells. Endothelial cells form the capillary wall of the blood-brain barrier and have tight junctions that prevent the passage of solutes and macromolecules into the brain.