Question: who initiated the game of cricket among india and how

Answer: The East India Company

This is a document about History of cricket in India to 1918
  The entire history of cricket in India and the sub-continent as a whole is based on the existence and development of the British Raj via the East India Company.The British brought cricket to India in the early 1700s, with the first documented instance of cricket being played is in 1721. It was played and adopted by Kolis of Gujarat because they were sea pirates and outlaws who always loot the british ships so East India Company tried to manage the Kolis in cricket and been successfull. On 31 December 1600, Queen Elizabeth I granted a Royal Charter to the English East India Company, often colloquially referred to as "John Company". It was initially a joint-stock company that sought trading privileges in India and the East Indies, but the

This is a document about Cricket in India
  The British brought cricket to India in the early 1700s, with the first documented instance of cricket being played is in 1721. It was played and adopted by Kolis of Gujarat because they were sea pirates and outlaws who always loot the british ships so East India Company tried to manage the Kolis in cricket and been successfull.

This is a document about India national cricket team
  The British brought cricket to India in the early 1700s, with the first cricket match played in 1721. In 1848, the Parsi community in Bombay formed the Oriental Cricket Club, the first cricket club to be established by Indians. After slow beginnings, the Europeans eventually invited the Parsis to play a match in 1877. By 1912, the Parsis, Sikhs, Hindus and Muslims of Bombay played a quadrangular tournament with the Europeans every year. In the early 1900s, some Indians went on to play for the England cricket team. Some of these, such as Ranjitsinhji and KS Duleepsinhji were greatly appreciated by the British and their names went on to be used for the Ranji Trophy and Duleep Trophy – two major first-class tournaments in India. In 1911, an Indian team, captained by Bhupinder Singh of Patiala, went on their first official tour of the British Isles, but only played English county teams and not the England cricket team.

This is a document about History of cricket in India to 1918
  Charter effectively gave it a 21-year monopoly on all trade in the region. In time, the East India Company transformed from a commercial trading venture to one which virtually ruled India as it acquired auxiliary governmental and military functions, until its dissolution in 1858 following the Indian Mutiny. The East India Company was the means by which cricket was introduced into India. In 1639, the Company effectively founded the city of Madras, and in 1661 acquired Portuguese territory on the west coast of India that included Bombay. In 1690, an Anglo-Mughal treaty allowed English merchants to establish a trading settlement on the Hooghly River, which became Calcutta. All of these places became leading centres of cricket as the popularity of the game grew among the native population.

This is a document about Anthony de Mello (cricket administrator)
  The BCCI had its origins in a meeting in February 1927 at the Roshanara Club in Delhi between Arthur Gilligan, the captain of the visiting MCC team, De Mello, Grant Govan and the Maharaja of Patiala. The decision to form the board was taken at another meeting held at the same place on 22 November 1927 attended by representatives of various provinces and princely states. De Mello travelled with Grant Govan to England to organise tours of India by South Africa in 1929 and MCC in 1930–31. Both tours were eventually cancelled but the BCCI was formally founded at the Roshanara Club in December 1928 with Grant Govan as the first President and De Mello the Secretary. They represented India in the Imperial Cricket Conference in May 1929. De Mello, with

This is a document about History of the Indian cricket team
  A few Indians played as members of the English cricket team while India was under British rule, including Ranjitsinhji and KS Duleepsinhji, before we start with all of the history of Indian Cricket its very important to know about the person behind this great history of Indian Cricket. Maharaja Of Patiala Sir Bhupinder Singh or Bhuppa best known for his extravagance and for being a cricketer. His cricket teams – Patiala XI is among the best of India. He was a great patron of sports. Maharaja of patiala is the man behind the golden history of Indian Cricket. He sponsored various tours of India for cricket and various tournaments using his own money. He was

This is a document about India women's national cricket team
   The British brought cricket to India in the early 1700s, with the first documented instance of cricket being played is in 1721. It was played and adopted by Kolis of Gujarat because they were sea pirates and outlaws who always loot the british ships so East India Company tried to manage the Kolis in cricket and been successfull. The first Indian cricket club was established by the Parsi community in Bombay, in 1848; the club played their first match against the Europeans in 1877. The first official Indian cricket team was formed in 1911 and toured England, where they played English county teams. The India team made their Test debut against England in 1932. Around the same

This is a document about India national cricket team
  The India men's national cricket team, also known as  akskss and Men in Blue', represents India in men's International Cricket. It is governed by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), and is a Full Member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) with Test, One Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 International (T20I) status. Cricket was introduced to India by British sailors in the 18th century, and the first cricket club was established in 1792. India's national cricket team did not play its first Test match until 25 June 1932 at Lord's, becoming the sixth team to be granted test cricket status. From 1932 India had to wait until 1952, almost 20 years for its first Test victory. In its first fifty

This is a document about Kabaddi
  Although unverified, theories from various sources state that kabaddi originated from the Vedic period of ancient India. The game was said to have been popular among the Yadava people; an abhang by Tukaram stated that the god Krishna played the game in his youth, while the Mahabharata contains an account of Arjuna being able to sneak into hostile areas also take out enemies unscathed—a passage said to parallel the gameplay of kabaddi. There are also accounts of Gautama Buddha having played the game recreationally. Despite these conflicting claims, modern kabaddi is a synthesis of the game played in various forms under different names in

This is a document about History of cricket to 1725
  The beginnings of cricket's social division between amateurs and professionals, from which the annual Gentlemen v Players contest ultimately evolved, can be traced to the reign of Charles I. In 1629, Henry Cuffin, a curate at Ruckinge in Kent, was prosecuted by an archdeacon's court for playing cricket on Sunday evening after prayers. He claimed that several of his fellow players were "persons of repute and fashion". This statement is the first evidence of cricket achieving popularity among the gentry. It was the gentry who introduced large-scale gambling into cricket and some of these gamblers subsequently became patrons by forming

This is a document about Pataudi State
  The state of Pataudi was established in 1804 by the British East India Company, when Faiz Talab Khan, an Afghan Muslim Pashtun of the Barech tribe, who was made the first Nawab, aided them in their battle against the Maratha Empire, during the Second Anglo-Maratha War. The family traces their origin to 16th century India, when their ancestors immigrated from present day Afghanistan to India during the period of the Lodi dynasty. The 8th Nawab, Iftikhar Ali Khan Pataudi, played cricket for both England and India and captained the latter. His son the last Nawab also captained the Indian cricket team. At the end of the British

This is a document about United States national cricket team
  The British brought cricket to the Thirteen Colonies in the early 18th century. Cricket further grew in the 18th century. It is understood from anecdotal evidence that George Washington was a strong supporter of cricket, participating on at least one occasion in a game of wicket with his troops at Valley Forge during the American Revolution. John Adams was recorded as saying in Congress that if leaders of cricket clubs could be called "presidents", there was no reason why the leader of the new nation could not be called the same. In 1844, the United States participated in the first international cricket match. This was played against Canada at the St George's Cricket Club

This is a document about History of cricket to 1725
  had taken it to the Indian subcontinent. In the first quarter of the 18th century, more information about cricket became available as the growing newspaper industry took an interest. The sport noticeably began to spread throughout England as the century went on. By 1725, significant patrons such as Edwin Stead, Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond and Sir William Gage were forming teams of county strength in Kent and Sussex. The earliest known great players, including William Bedle and Thomas Waymark, were active. Cricket was attracting large, vociferous crowds and the matches were social occasions at which gambling and alcoholic drinks were additional attractions.

This is a document about Cricket in Bangladesh
  Cricket was first introduced into Bengal by the British East India Company in the eighteenth century and the first cricket matches recorded were in Calcutta in 1792, but matches were possibly played more than a decade earlier and the sport quickly achieved popularity in western Bengal and neighbouring Bihar. In eastern Bengal, the area which is now Bangladesh, cricket developed very slowly as the area failed to attract large numbers of European settlers until the second half of the nineteenth century. The problems were the region's predominantly rural character and its lack of infrastructure given that it had numerous rivers and travel was extremely difficult. The confluence of the Ganges and the Brahmaputra is in central Bangladesh and the coastal area consists of

This is a document about Pataudi
  Pataudi was founded during the rule of Jalal-ud-din Khailji the Sultan of Delhi, (between 1290–1296) by a Mewati chieftain, Pata, who called it Patodhi. The town was part of Pataudi State which was formed in 1804 by British East India Company by 40 villages and Pataudi town as reward to Faiz Talab Khan a Pashtun of the Barech tribe for aiding the Company against the Maratha Empire during the Second Anglo-Maratha War. Thus Faiz Talab Khan is known as Nawab of Pataudi. Pataudi became the part of Dominion of India later Republic of India in 1947 when British Raj ended. Former India cricket team captain Iftikhar Ali Khan Pataudi or Nawab of Pataudi Sr. remained ruler until 1952 then was succeeded by his

This is a document about Hyderabad Cricket Association
  The people of Hyderabad were introduced to cricket by the British Army. Around 1880 cricket started to take roots in the city. Mr.N.Ganesan, erstwhile Joint Secretary of Hyderabad Cricket Association (HCA) traced origins of serious cricket in the city by interacting with S.M.Hadi, S.R.Mehta, Nooh Abbasi, cricketers and organizers of yesteryears whose peers were the originators of the game in the city. Before the Moin-ud-Dowlah Gold Cup Tournament began in 1930/31 there is no record of any first-class cricket at Hyderabad. Raja Lochan Chand was reported to be the first chief patron of the game in late 19th century and early 20th

This is a document about Nawanagar State
  Nawanagar was founded in 1540 by Jam Sri Rawalji, a descendant of the Jadeja ruler of Kutch, and was thereafter in an almost constant state of war with its neighbours and with the Mughal Empire. Two such major war was the Battle of Mithoi and Battle of Bhuchar Mori fought in 1591. The "Walker Treaty of 1807" brought peace to the Kathiawar states for the first time in several generations. Nawanagar came under British protection on 22 February 1812. K. S. Ranjitsinhji was one of the world's greatest cricket players and, later, became Jam Saheb in 1907 until 1933. The inclusive circle of eight players

This is a document about History of cricket in India to 1918
  The first Indian ventures into international cricket were by the Parsees cricket team which toured England twice in the 1880s. See: Parsee cricket team in England in 1886 and Parsee cricket team in England in 1888.

This is a document about History of cricket to 1725
  occurring much later in the century. In 1709, cricket was played by William Byrd of Westover on his James River estates in the Colony of Virginia. This is the earliest reference to cricket being played in the New World. In 1721, British sailors of the East India Company were reported to be playing cricket at Cambay, near Baroda, and this is the earliest reference to cricket being played in the Indian sub-continent. One of the players wrote: "When my boat was lying for a fortnight in one of the channels, though the country was inhabited by the Culeys, we every day diverted ourselves with playing Cricket and to other Exercises, which

This is a document about Canada national cricket team
  It is generally thought that cricket was introduced to Canada by British soldiers after the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in 1759, although the earliest confirmed reference to cricket is of matches played on Saint Helen's Island, Quebec in 1785 on what later became the site of Expo 67. The roots of modern Canadian cricket though come from the regions of Upper Canada, in particular Toronto, then known as York. During the early years of the nineteenth century, a schoolmaster by the name of George Anthony Barber encouraged the game there, and founded the Toronto Cricket Club in 1827. Barber instigated a game played between the Toronto Cricket Club and the cricket team of Upper Canada College in 1836, a game won by the college team. This game has been played annually ever since. As already mentioned, Canada played its first international against the USA in 1844 in New York at St George's Cricket Club, now the site of the New York University Medical Center.

Cricket was first introduced in India by the British East India Company in the early 18th century. The company sought to manage the Kolis, a group of sea pirates and outlaws, by granting them the right to play cricket. The first documented instance of cricket being played in India was in 1721. The game gained popularity among the Indian population, particularly among the Parsi community, and the first cricket club was formed in Bombay in 1848. The British continued to dominate cricket in India until the 1920s, when the first Indian cricket team


Question: how many episodes does riverdale season one have

Answer: 13

This is a document about Riverdale (season 1)
  The first season of Riverdale premiered on The CW on January 26, 2017 and concluded on May 11, 2017, with a total of 13 episodes. The series is based on the characters from the Archie Comics, created by Maurice Coyne, Louis Silberkleit, and John L. Goldwater, and was created by Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa. The principal cast included the core four characters of the series Archie Andrews (KJ Apa), Betty Cooper (Lili Reinhart), Veronica Lodge (Camila Mendes), and Jughead Jones (Cole Sprouse), who also serves as the series narrator. Other cast members included Veronica's mother Hermione Lodge (Marisol Nichols), fellow students Cheryl Blossom (Madelaine Petsch) and Josie McCoy (Ashleigh Murray), Betty's mother Alice Cooper (Mädchen Amick), and Archie's father Fred Andrews (Luke Perry). The first season focuses on the town of Riverdale in the aftermath of the death of Jason Blossom (Trevor Stines), who supposedly drowned the summer before school started.

This is a document about Noah's Arc (TV series)
  Season one consists of nine episodes, while season two has eight episodes. The unaired pilot is available on the season one DVD box set.

This is a document about Crash Canyon
  The show consists of two seasons, with the first season consisting of 18 episodes and the second of 8. The episode order of the show as aired on Teletoon in Canada differs from that of airings in other countries.

This is a document about Miss BG
  The series has 102 segments spread among 52 episodes, with 2 apiece. Season 1 is 52 episodes 13 minutes each.

This is a document about Teenagers (web series)
  The first season consists of eight episodes. The first two episodes premiered on a dedicated YouTube channel on January 19, 2014. The premiere was covered by online blogs as well as traditional media outlets in Toronto. Upon release, it was voted number one in the "Indie Series Of The Week" poll by WeLoveSoaps.com users for the week of January 19 to 25, 2014.

This is a document about Chowder (TV series)
  A total of 49 episodes were aired in the series. Season 1, which consists of 20 episodes, started with the series premiere, entitled "Burple Nurples/Shnitzel Makes a Deposit", and ended with the special "The Apprentice Games". Season 2 also contains 20 episodes, debuting with "The Arborians/The Garage Sale", and ending with "A Faire to Remember/Tofu-Town Showdown". Season 3 consists of only 9 episodes, premiering with "Hands on a Big Mixer/The Blast Raz", and ending with the series finale, entitled "Chowder Grows Up".

This is a document about History of The WB
  season one episodes, making it a 22-episode season. Many problems occurred during the production of season three. 19 episodes had been produced for season three, and with Fox cancelling the series later being picked up by The WB, only 11 episodes aired through the two networks, 12 & 13 never aired, and episodes 14 through 19, were included as part of season four. The fourth season originally produced 22 episodes, with the new addition of six from season three, making it the longest season with 28 episodes. Season five produced 13 episodes and was the only season to have all its episodes intact.

This is a document about Giants (web series)
  The first season, released on January 25, 2017, consists of six episodes, while the second, which consists of seven episodes, was released on February 21, 2018. Episodes were released once a week on a weekly basis.

This is a document about My Little Pony: Equestria Girls (web series)
  Season 1 contains 37 episodes (including the 10 interactive episodes), with the first episode premiering on November 17, 2017. The season took a short break in Spring 2018, and an extended summer break before the final short, which broadcast on October 5, 2018.

This is a document about Two Sentence Horror Stories
  The first season consists of nine 20-minute episodes, each of which has a self-contained plot and characters. The series began as a series of five short films before it was adapted by The CW as a regular series.

This is a document about Heads Up! (TV series)
  There are three seasons, each with 13 episodes, for a total of 39 episodes. Here's a list of the first season along with the original broadcast dates:

This is a document about List of Fanboy & Chum Chum episodes
  The first season comprises 26 half-hour episodes with two short-length segments in per episode. This is the only season that didn't have half-hour specials.

This is a document about Undekhi
  Season 1 consists of 10 episodes.

This is a document about Adventure Time
  season. The show's seventh season was originally intended to comprise 39 episodes, ranging from "Bonnie & Neddy" to "Reboot". However, when it came time to upload the seventh season onto streaming sites like CartoonNetwork.com, Cartoon Network chose to end the season with the episode "The Thin Yellow Line", for a total of 26 episodes. This new episode count for the season was cemented by the release of the complete seventh season DVD on July 18, 2017, which included episodes "Bonnie & Neddy" through "The Thin Yellow Line". As such, the episode and season number sequence is accordingly changed, as follows: For its first six seasons, episodes regularly aired once a week. Starting in November 2014, the show began to air

This is a document about Byomkesh Bakshi (TV series)
  There were two seasons having 32 episodes. The first season had 13 and the second season had 19 episodes.

This is a document about W.I.T.C.H. (TV series)
  Two seasons were produced in total, adapting plot elements from The Twelve Portals and Nerissa's Revenge comic arcs from the original series. Each season consists of twenty-six episodes, resulting in a total of fifty-two episodes overall. An unaired 15-minute pilot episode exists, which was never fully animated. It was used to test the show with a focus group in 2003. The first episode of the series was originally meant to air on Halloween, with corresponding themes. German network Super RTL was originally announced to be collaborating on the show alongside Jetix and France 3. However, it does not appear in the actual closing credits of the series.

This is a document about Riverdale (season 1)
  Riverdale features a number of musical performances throughout the first season, blending a mix of covers and original songs. Songs that are performed in the episode are released as digital singles after the episode airs. WaterTower Music released a digital compilation for songs from the first season on May 12, 2017. The score for the season, composed by Blake Neely, was released on a physical CD by La-La Land Records, and simultaneously on download by WaterTower Music, on July 18, 2017.

This is a document about Dot.
  The first season, consisting of 52 episodes, was broadcast on October 22, 2016. A second season was ordered on January 26, 2018, which consisted 26 episodes.

This is a document about List of Incognito Cinema Warriors XP episodes
  Season one consists of 4 feature-length episodes, and mostly revolve around the movie being presented rather than an over-stretching plot. Creator Rikk Wolf has said that he would like to go back and remake the first episode as well as make two additional episodes to finish the season but doubts that he would be able to find the time. Upon completion Season Two will have 6 full episodes and two mini episodes. The length of the season two episodes very, and are more plot driven than the first season. The movie segments have been scale back and replaced with shorts. The gap between season one and season two is covered in the official ICWXP comic book.

This is a document about Star Wars: Clone Wars (2003 TV series)
  The first season consisted of 10 episodes, lasting three minutes each. Along with the second season, it was released on DVD as Volume One.


Question: who is 30 seconds to mars touring with

Answer: K. Flay

This is a document about Monolith Tour
  Thirty Seconds to Mars officially announced the tour on October 6, 2017, shortly after releasing the song "Walk on Water" as the lead single from their fifth studio album. The band debuted live the song at the 2017 MTV Video Music Awards, during a performance which was described as groundbreaking since it became the first live broadcasting shown through innovative infrared technology. The announcement came after the band concluded a promotional tour with Muse and PVRIS, which was one of the highest-grossing North American tour of 2017, according to Pollstar s annual year end tour chart. On February 8, 2018, tour dates were revealed for North America in two legs. Frontman Jared Leto made the announcement on The Ellen DeGeneres Show, giving members of the audience a ticket to an upcoming show. In addition, it was announced that the band's fifth studio album America will be released on April 6, 2018. Walk the Moon, K.Flay, MisterWives, Joywave, and Welshly Arms were confirmed as the supporting acts on select dates.

This is a document about Monolith Tour
  The Monolith Tour was a concert tour by American rock band Thirty Seconds to Mars. Staged in support of the band's fifth studio album America (2018), the tour visited arenas and stadiums throughout 2018 and 2019. It was initially announced in October 2017 with European dates being released at the same time, with North American dates announced afterwards. It began on March 12, 2018 in Basel, Switzerland, and concluded on August 17, 2019 in Großpösna, Germany. The support acts for the tour included Walk the Moon, K.Flay, MisterWives, Joywave, and Welshly Arms. The tour was promoted by Live Nation and sponsored in-part by AT&T. Due to the large demand and tickets selling out in minutes in multiple locations, extra tour dates were added to the itinerary.

This is a document about List of awards and nominations received by Thirty Seconds to Mars
  Thirty Seconds to Mars is an American rock band from Los Angeles, California. Formed in 1998, the band currently consists of Jared Leto on lead vocals and rhythm guitar, Shannon Leto on drums, and Tomo Miličević on lead guitar and keyboards. The band released the debut album 30 Seconds to Mars (2002) to limited success; it was their second album, A Beautiful Lie (2005), that pushed the band into the public eye. The album's success was boosted by the single "The Kill" and its subsequent music video, which received two nominations at the 2006 MTV Video Music Awards. The album spawned two Kerrang! Award-winning singles, "The Kill" and "From Yesterday". A Beautiful Lie was followed by This Is War (2009), which produced two Alternative Songs number one singles, "Kings and Queens" and "This Is War". The first single

This is a document about Forever Night, Never Day Tour
  The tour was officially announced on January 24, 2006 through the band's official website. It was their first headlining tour; Thirty Seconds to Mars has previously served as opening act for bands like Audioslave, The Used, and My Chemical Romance. Set for March 2006, the tour showcased Thirty Seconds to Mars second studio album A Beautiful Lie, and commenced on March 7, 2006 in Tulsa, Oklahoma and ended on June 1, 2006 in Los Angeles, California. The band announced the tour shortly before releasing their single "The Kill". Thirty Seconds to Mars was forced to reschedule the first two shows of the tour due to a finger injury that bassist Matt Wachter had. In an interview with MTV News, Jared Leto described the tour as, "It's time.

This is a document about Thirty Seconds to Mars
  as the second single from their upcoming fifth studio album. In February 2018, the band officially announced the Monolith Tour with Walk the Moon, Misterwives, K. Flay, Joywave, and Welshly Arms. Thirty Seconds to Mars later confirmed America as title of their fifth album, which was released on April 6, 2018. The album received polarizing reviews from critics and debuted at number two on the Billboard 200, becoming the band's highest entry on the chart. America also reached the top ten in seventeen other countries, including number one in Germany and Austria. During the first leg of the Monolith Tour, it was announced that Miličević would be taking a break from touring due to personal matters. On June 11, 2018, he officially announced his departure from the band.

This is a document about Carnivores Tour
  Rumours of a co-headlining tour from Linkin Park and Thirty Seconds to Mars first circulated on March 3, 2014, when a Texas radio station revealed that the two "modern rock icons" would be partaking in a tour starting in late summer and that a performance in The Woodlands would take place on September 5. The tour was officially announced the following day, on March 4, 2014 at a press conference held at Milk Studios in Los Angeles, California with Mike Shinoda and Chester Bennington from Linkin Park, and Jared Leto from Thirty Seconds to Mars. The conference was broadcast on the

This is a document about Monolith Tour
  Initially, twenty-nine shows were scheduled in Europe beginning in March 2018. Pre-sale tickets for the tour were offered to the band's fan club members on October 11, 2017, before going on sale to the general public on October 13. Initial dates for the tour sold out, prompting Live Nation to extend the tour with additional dates. In February 2018, thirty shows were announced to take place across the United States and Canada, beginning in June 2018. For the North American dates, Thirty Seconds to Mars partnered with Citigroup and AT&T; the latter partly sponsored the tour, including the Camp Mars Music Festival held in Malibu, California, by the band. Tickets for North American dates went on sale to the general public on February 16 at Live Nation. Copies of the album are included along with the purchased tickets. Special privileges were provided to Citi bank card holders, who had the opportunity to utilize the pre-sale in multiple locations on February 13. On March 16, 2018, it was announced that the lead guitarist of the band, Tomo Miličević, would be taking a break from touring due to personal matters. In June 2018, he officially announced his departure from the band.

This is a document about Thirty Seconds to Mars
  Thirty Seconds to Mars (commonly stylized as 30 Seconds to Mars) is an American rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1998. The band consists of brothers Jared Leto (lead vocals, guitar, bass, keyboards) and Shannon Leto (drums, percussion). During the course of its existence, it has undergone various line-up changes. The band's debut album, 30 Seconds to Mars (2002), was produced by Bob Ezrin and released to positive reviews but only to limited commercial success. The band achieved worldwide fame with the release of its second album A Beautiful Lie (2005), which received multiple certifications all over the world. Its next release, This Is War (2009), showed a dramatic evolution in the band's musical style, as it incorporated experimental music as well as eclectic influences. The recording process of the album was marked by a legal dispute with record

This is a document about Welcome to the Universe Tour
  The Welcome to the Universe Tour was a concert tour by American rock band Thirty Seconds to Mars, in support of their second studio album A Beautiful Lie (2005). Presenting a series of inexpensive concerts for music fans, the concert tour was announced in August 2006 as a part of the MTV2 $2Bill tour. The Welcome to the Universe Tour began on October 17, 2006 in Minneapolis, Minnesota and ended on November 25, 2006 in Los Angeles, California. The setlist encompassed songs from their first two studio albums, 30 Seconds to Mars and A Beautiful Lie. Labelled as a green tour, Thirty Seconds to Mars developed strategies that minimized fuel consumption of all touring vehicles. Head Automatica and Cobra Starship served as the opening acts, with other bands joining for select dates. The Welcome to the Universe Tour received positive reviews from critics, who praised Thirty Seconds to Mars' energy onstage and the production of the show. The concert tour was recorded and broadcast on MTV2.

This is a document about 30 Seconds to Mars (album)
  tour for Adema but was forced to withdraw due to scheduling conflicts. After playing a series of shows supporting Our Lady Peace, Thirty Seconds to Mars opened an autumn tour for Sevendust. The band's first appearance on television was on Last Call with Carson Daly on November 18, which aired on November 27, 2002. It was the last performance with guitarist Solon Bixler, which left the band due to issues primarily related to touring. The band later performed on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and The Late Late Show with Craig Kilborn, which marked the first live performance with guitarist Tomo Miličević. In 2003, the band went on tour with Chevelle, Trust Company, and Shihad, and played thirteen shows for Lollapalooza.

This is a document about 30 Seconds to Mars (album)
  The band promoted the album through a number of tours in North America. Even before its release, Puddle of Mudd invited Thirty Seconds to Mars to open a six-week tour for them in the spring of 2002. On January 30, Thirty Seconds to Mars began a promotional tour in North America. The band played its first European concert on June 24, 2002, at The Barfly in London, England. In July 2002, they began a club tour and also embarked on a North American tour supporting Incubus. In early October, they were invited by MTV to join the Campus Invasion Tour, playing ten dates in Canada alongside I Mother Earth, Billy Talent, and Pepper Sands. The band was also scheduled to open a

This is a document about Thirty Seconds to Mars discography
  American rock band Thirty Seconds to Mars has released five studio albums, three extended plays, seventeen singles, four promotional singles, one video album and sixteen music videos. The band was formed in Los Angeles, California, in 1998 by brothers Jared Leto and Shannon Leto, with Tomo Miličević joining the band later. The band's debut album, 30 Seconds to Mars, was released through Immortal and Virgin Records in August 2002 and peaked at number 107 on the US Billboard 200 and number one on the US Top Heatseekers, selling more than two million copies worldwide as of March 2011. The album produced two singles, "Capricorn (A Brand New Name)" and "Edge of the Earth". The band released their

This is a document about List of awards and nominations received by Thirty Seconds to Mars
 Carnivores Tour ; Eventful Award for Tour of the Year ; Nominated ; style="text-align:center;"| The Billboard Touring Award is an annual meeting sponsored by Billboard which also honors the top international live entertainment industry artists and professionals. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received one nomination. !Ref. !scope="row"|2014

This is a document about Thirty Seconds to Mars
  on April 25, 2014 that they have parted from Virgin Records after tumultuous years with the label, with Leto telling Billboard, "We're free and clear and excited about the future. It's the most wonderful place to be." In August 2014, the group embarked on a double-headline tour, dubbed the Carnivores Tour, with American rock band Linkin Park, visiting arenas and stadiums throughout North America. Thirty Seconds to Mars then launched a music festival called Camp Mars. The first edition took place in Malibu, California, in August 2015 and included a series of activities in a semi-rustic setting and several DJ sets.

This is a document about Jared Leto
  Thirty Seconds to Mars then performed at the 2017 MTV Video Music Awards featuring special guest Travis Scott. During the ceremony, Jared Leto received media attention for his tribute to musicians Chester Bennington and Chris Cornell, who both died earlier that year. In February 2018, the band officially announced the Monolith Tour with Walk the Moon, Misterwives, K. Flay, Joywave, and Welshly Arms. Thirty Seconds to Mars later confirmed America as title of their fifth album, which was released on April 6, 2018. The album received polarizing reviews from critics and debuted at number two on the Billboard 200, becoming the band's highest entry on the chart.

This is a document about Thirty Seconds to Mars
  On November 3, 2015, it was announced that Thirty Seconds to Mars was working on their fifth studio album. In August 2016, the band revealed to have signed to Interscope Records. The group later unveiled that they would embark on a North American tour with Muse and PVRIS, which took take place from May to September 2017. In August 2017, "Walk on Water" was announced as the lead single from the band's fifth album. Thirty Seconds to Mars then performed the song at the 2017 MTV Video Music Awards featuring special guest Travis Scott. During the ceremony, Jared Leto received media attention for his tribute to musicians Chester Bennington and Chris Cornell, who both died earlier that year. On January 25, 2018, Thirty Seconds to Mars released "Dangerous

This is a document about Kerrang! Awards 2010
 Thirty Seconds to Mars ; Avenged Sevenfold ; Green Day ; Metallica ; Paramore

This is a document about Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams Tour
  The Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams Tour was the third worldwide concert tour by American rock band Thirty Seconds to Mars in support of the band's fourth studio album Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams.

This is a document about Welcome to the Universe Tour
  The tour was officially announced on August 31, 2006 by MTV2 as a part of the $2Bill tour, which previously attracted a diverse mix of music artists, including Beastie Boys, Radiohead, Coldplay, and Kanye West. Set for October 2006, the tour showcased Thirty Seconds to Mars' second studio album A Beautiful Lie. It commenced on October 17, 2006 in Minneapolis, Minnesota and ended on November 25, 2006 in Los Angeles, California. The tour was announced shortly after the 2006 MTV Video Music Awards at which Thirty Seconds to Mars received the MTV2 Award for their single "The Kill". A limited number of tickets per city were made available for $2 each

This is a document about List of artists featured on MTV Unplugged
 Thirty Seconds to Mars – May 13, New York City ; Zoé ; Lykke Li – April 7 ; Los Tigres del Norte – May 24 at Hollywood Palladium in Los Angeles, CA ; Lil Wayne – June 12 ; Salyu – June 13 Billboard Live TOKYO ; Mumford & Sons – June 24

Thirty Seconds to Mars toured with Walk the Moon, K.Flay, Joywave, and MisterWives during the Monolith Tour in 2018.


Question: what type of primary does not label the party of the candidates

Answer: nonpartisan blanket primary

This is a document about 2018 United States Senate election in Washington
  In Washington, primary candidates may declare a preference for any party, and their party preference does not imply that the candidate is nominated or endorsed by the party. Candidates may also declare a preference for new or single-candidate parties.

This is a document about Primary election
  for a contested office. ; Blanket primary. A primary in which the ballot is not restricted to candidates from one party. ; Nonpartisan blanket primary. A primary in which the ballot is not restricted to candidates from one party, where the top two candidates advance to the general election regardless of party affiliation. Louisiana has famously operated under this system, which has been nicknamed the "jungle primary." California has used a nonpartisan blanket primary since 2012 after passing Proposition 14 in 2010, and the State of Washington has used a nonpartisan blanket primary since 2008. In the United States, other types can be differentiated:

This is a document about Leticia Van de Putte
  Uncontested primary elections are not shown.

This is a document about Open primaries in the United States
  An open primary is a primary election that does not require voters to be affiliated with a political party in order to vote for partisan candidates. In a traditional open primary, voters may select one party's ballot and vote for that party's nomination. As in a closed primary, the highest voted candidate in each party then proceeds to the general election. In a nonpartisan blanket primary, all candidates appear on the same ballot and the two highest voted candidates proceed to the runoff election, regardless of party affiliation. The constitutionality of this system was affirmed by the Supreme Court of the United States in 2008, whereas a partisan blanket primary was previously ruled to be unconstitutional in 2000. The arguments for open primaries are that voters can make independent choices, building consensus that the electoral process is not splintered or undermined by the presence of multiple political parties.

This is a document about 2016 United States House of Representatives elections
  This table shows the primary dates for regularly-scheduled elections. It also shows the type of primary. In an "open" primary, any registered voter can vote in any party's primary. In a "closed" primary, only voters registered with a specific party can vote in that party's primary. In a "top-two" primary, all candidates run against each other regardless of party affiliation, and the top two candidates advance to the second round of voting (in Louisiana, a candidate can win the election by winning a majority of the vote in the first round). All of the various other primary types are classified as "hybrid." Alaska in 2008 provides one example of a hybrid primary: the Democratic Party allowed unaffiliated voters to vote in its primary, while the Republican Party only allowed party members to vote in its primary. RIndicates a state that requires primary run-off elections under certain conditions.

This is a document about Political parties and political designations in Massachusetts
  In the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (a U.S. state), there are four recognized political parties and an additional 25 political designations in which registered voters may choose to enroll. Voters may also choose to remain as "unenrolled voters" (i.e., independents). Political parties hold primary elections, while political designations do not. A political designation is a one-to-three word descriptive term which may appear next to candidates' names on election ballots. To be recognized as a political designation, fifty registered voters must file a document with the state seeking this status.

This is a document about Nonpartisan blanket primary
  in the primary, theoretically reducing the risk of intra-party vote splits. However, the law does not allow nominations or endorsements by interest groups, political action committees, political parties, labor unions, editorial boards, or other private organizations to be printed on the ballot. The indication of party preference as opposed to party affiliation opens the door for candidates to misrepresent their leanings or otherwise confuse voters. In 2008, a Washington gubernatorial candidate indicated party preference as "G.O.P." instead of Republican. A public poll found that 25% of the public did not know that the two terms mean the same thing. Further research on California's 2012 jungle primaries suggests that a jungle primary does not tend to lead to

This is a document about Political parties and political designations in Massachusetts
  In Massachusetts, election ballots include the candidates' names followed by either the candidates' party or his or her "political designation"—a one-to-three word description that must be another one-to-three word term whose recognition has been requested by fifty or more registered voters. In many cases, non-party designations include the word "party" in the designation. However, only four such designations actually correspond to organizations that are recognized by Massachusetts as political parties: the Republican Party, the Democratic Party, the Libertarian Party, and the Green-Rainbow Party.

This is a document about Primary election
  Primary elections, often abbreviated to primaries, are a process by which voters can indicate their preference for their party's candidate, or a candidate in general, in an upcoming general election, local election, or by-election. Depending on the country and administrative divisions within the country, voters might consist of the general public in what is called an open primary, or solely the members of a political party in what is called a closed primary. In addition to these, there are other variants on primaries (which are discussed below) that are used by many countries holding elections throughout the world. The origins of primary elections can be traced to the progressive movement in the United States, which aimed to take the power of candidate nomination from party leaders to the people. However, political parties control the method of nomination of candidates for office in the name of the party. Other methods of selecting candidates include caucuses, conventions and nomination meetings.

This is a document about 2016 United States Senate elections
 "Open" primary: any registered voter can vote in any party's primary ; "Closed" primary, only voters registered with a specific party can vote in that party's primary. ; "Top-two" primary, all candidates run against each other regardless of party affiliation, and the top two candidates advance to the second round of voting. (In Louisiana, a candidate can win the election by winning a majority of the vote in the first round.) ; All of the various other primary types are classified as "hybrid." Alaska in 2008 provides one example of a hybrid primary: The Democratic Party allowed unaffiliated voters to vote in its primary, while the Republican Party only allowed party members to vote in its primary. This table shows the primary dates for regularly-scheduled elections. It also shows the type of primary. RIndicates a state that requires primary run-off elections under certain conditions.

This is a document about Nonpartisan blanket primary
  a manner that no reasonable voter would believe that the candidates listed there are nominees or members of, or otherwise associated with, the parties the candidates claimed to 'prefer', the I–872 primary system would likely pass constitutional muster." Each candidate for partisan office can state a political party that he or she prefers. Ballots also must feature a disclaimer to voters that candidate's preference does not imply that the candidate is nominated or endorsed by the party or that the party approves of or associates with that candidate. Subsequent as applied challenges were struck down by lower courts, and on October 1, 2012, the US Supreme Court refused to hear appeals from Washington Libertarian Party and Washington State Democratic Party. The Washington State Republican Party had earlier dropped out of the appeal process.

This is a document about 2002 Guamanian general election
  The elections to the Legislature and multi-member boards were run via open primary (This following the outlawing of the previous blanket primary) similar to Louisiana. Both the Public Auditor and Consolidated Commission on Utilities were required to be nonpartisan and as such candidates were not allowed to state affiliations or list them on the ballot. In the case of the Auditor, affiliating with a party is grounds for disqualification.

This is a document about 2004 Guamanian general election
  In the United States territory of Guam, elections to the Legislature and multi-member boards are run via open primary (This following the outlawing of the previous blanket primary similar to Louisiana). Both the Public Auditor and Consolidated Commission on Utilities are required to be nonpartisan and as such candidates are not allowed to state affiliations or list them on the ballot. In the case of the Auditor, affiliating with a party is grounds for disqualification.

This is a document about McGovern–Fraser Commission
  unintended consequences of McGovern-Fraser reforms was an enormous surge in the number of state party presidential primaries. Prior to the reforms, Democrats in two-thirds of the states used elite-run state conventions to choose convention delegates. In the post-reform era, over three-quarters of the states use primary elections to choose delegates, and over 80% of convention delegates are selected in these primaries. This is true for Republicans as well. Nominating procedures are determined by states, and there are three basic types of primary. The two simplest primary forms are what are referred to as "open" and "closed" primaries. In the open primary, any registered voter may participate regardless of partisan affiliation.

This is a document about Primary election
 Closed primary. (synonyms: internal primaries, party primaries) In the case of closed primaries, internal primaries, or party primaries, only party members can vote. ; Open primary. All voters can take part in an open primary and may cast votes on a ballot of any party. The party may require them to express their support to the party's values and pay a small contribution to the costs of the primary. Where primary elections are organized by parties, not the administration, two types of primaries can generally be distinguished:

This is a document about 1995 Philippine Senate election
  Note: Party affiliation based on Certificate of Candidacy.

This is a document about 2001 Philippine Senate election
  Note: Party affiliation based on Certificate of Candidacy.

This is a document about 2001 Philippine general election
  Note: Party affiliation based on Certificate of Candidacy.

This is a document about 2006 Guamanian general election
  In Guam, elections to the legislature and multi-member boards are run via open primary (This following the outlawing of the previous blanket primary similar to Louisiana. Both the Public Auditor and Consolidated Commission on Utilities are required to be nonpartisan and as such candidates are not allowed to state affiliations or list them on the ballot. In the case of the auditor, affiliating with a party is grounds for disqualification.

This is a document about Windsor (UK Parliament constituency)
  in a note after the result. When a candidate is described as Non Partisan for an election this means that the sources used do not give a party label. This does not necessarily mean that the candidate did not regard himself as a member of a party or acted as such in Parliament. Craig's party labels have been varied to take account of the development of parties. Tory candidates are classified as Conservative from the 1835 United Kingdom general election. Whig and Radical candidates are classified separately until the formal establishment of the Liberal Party shortly after the 1859 United Kingdom general election.

A nonpartisan blanket primary is the type of primary that does not label the party of the candidates. In this type of primary, all candidates, regardless of party affiliation, appear on the same ballot and the top two vote-getters advance to the general election.


Question: who converted to christianity after winning a decisive battle

Answer: Constantine

This is a document about Clotilde
  insisted on baptising him also. Although Chlodomer did indeed fall ill, he soon after recovered. More healthy children followed. Clotilde's victory came in 496, when Clovis converted to Christianity, baptised by Bishop Remigius of Reims on Christmas Day of that year. According to tradition, on the eve of the Battle of Tolbiac against the Alamanni, Clovis prayed to God, swearing to be baptised if he emerged victorious on the battlefield. When he did indeed triumph, Clovis readily took the faith. With him Clotilde built at Paris the Church of the Holy Apostles, afterwards known as the Abbey of St Genevieve.

This is a document about Franks
   Some Franks, like the 4th century usurper Silvanus, converted early to Christianity. In 496, Clovis I, who had married a Burgundian Catholic named Clotilda in 493, was baptised by Saint Remi after a decisive victory over the Alemanni at the Battle of Tolbiac. According to Gregory of Tours, over three thousand of his soldiers were baptised with him. Clovis' conversion had a profound effect on the course of European history, for at the time the Franks were the only major Christianised Germanic tribe without a predominantly Arian aristocracy and this led to a naturally amicable relationship between the Catholic Church and

This is a document about Christianisation of the Germanic peoples
  The baptism of Clovis highlights two important characteristics of the Christianization of Europe. Clovis I's wife Clotilde was a Chalcedonian Christian and had an important role in the conversion of her husband. Long before his own baptism, Clovis had allowed his sons to be baptised. However, the decisive reason for Clovis to adopt the Christian faith was the belief that he received spiritual battle aid from Christ. In the Battle of Tolbiac he prayed to Christ for victory. Clovis was victorious, and afterward he had himself instructed in the Christian faith by Saint Remigius. That a pagan like Clovis could ask Christ for help shows the adaptability of Germanic polytheism. In the

This is a document about Christian pacifism
  After the Roman Emperor Constantine converted in AD 312 and began to conquer "in Christ's name", Christianity became entangled with the state, and warfare and violence were increasingly justified by influential Christians. Some scholars believe that "the accession of Constantine terminated the pacifist period in church history." Nevertheless, the tradition of Christian pacifism was carried on by a few dedicated Christians throughout the ages, such as Martin of Tours, who converted during the early days of Christianity in Europe. Martin, who was then a young soldier, declared in AD 336 "I am a soldier of Christ. I cannot fight." He was jailed for this action, but later released, eventually became just the third Bishop of Tours.

This is a document about Christianity in the 5th century
  The Franks and their ruling Merovingian dynasty that had migrated to Gaul from the 3rd century had remained pagan at first. On Christmas 498, however, Clovis I following his victory at the Battle of Tolbiac converted to the orthodox faith of the Roman Church and let himself be baptised at Rheims. The details of this event have been passed down by Gregory of Tours. Clovis I' wife Clotilde was Roman Catholic and had an important role in the conversion of her husband. Long before his baptism, Clovis had allowed his sons to be baptised. However, the decisive reason for Clovis to adopt the Christian belief was

This is a document about Battle of Tolbiac
  Gregory of Tours was the first to have mentioned the element that has shaped subsequent interpretations of Tolbiac as climactic in European history: Clovis is said to have attributed his success to a vow that he had made: if he won, he would convert to the religion of the Christian God who had aided him. He became a Christian in a ceremony at Reims on Christmas 496. The traditional date of the battle of Tolbiac has been established to accord with this firmly attested baptismal date, by accepting Gregory's account. A surviving letter from Avitus of Vienne, congratulating Clovis on his baptism, makes no mention of the supposed recent battlefield conversion. Historia

This is a document about Theodosius I
  and not all religious violence was that violent'". The Christian church believed that victory over "false gods" had begun with Jesus and was completed through the conversion of Constantine; it was a victory that took place in heaven, rather than on earth, since Christians were only about 15–18% of the empire's population in the early 300s. Michele R. Salzman indicates that, as a result of this "triumphalism," paganism was seen as vanquished, and heresy was therefore a higher priority than paganism for Christians in the fourth and fifth centuries. Lavan says Christian writers gave the narrative of victory high visibility, but that it does not necessarily correlate to

This is a document about Christianity in late antiquity
  The Franks and their ruling Merovingian dynasty, that had migrated to Gaul from the 3rd century had remained pagan at first. On Christmas 496, however, Clovis I following his victory at the Battle of Tolbiac converted to the orthodox faith of the Catholic Church and let himself be baptised at Rheims. The details of this event have been passed down by Gregory of Tours.

This is a document about Spread of Christianity
  The Franks and their ruling Merovingian dynasty, that had migrated to Gaul from the 3rd century had remained pagan at first. On Christmas 496, however, Clovis I following his victory at the Battle of Tolbiac converted to the orthodox faith of the Catholic Church and let himself be baptised at Rheims. The details of this event have been passed down by Gregory of Tours.

This is a document about Herschweiler-Pettersheim
  In 486, he defeated the last Roman proconsul, thus ending the Roman era in Gaul, and incorporating this into the Frankish kingdom. However, he soon found himself in a dispute over the newly won land with the Alemanni. In a decisive battle in 506 near Strasbourg, Clovis, finding himself in the greatest need, vowed to convert to Christianity if only he could be the victor over the Alemanni. He won. Then, together with more than 3,000 warriors, Clovis had himself baptized by the Bishop of Reims, Saint Remigius, and also appointed head and protector of the Frankish Church. A later Frankish king,

This is a document about Christian name
  in adult converts. Socrates (Hist. Eccl., VII, xxi) wrote of Athenais who married the Emperor Theodosius the Younger, and who previously to marriage was baptized (AD 421) receiving the name Eudoxia. Bede wrote that King Caedwalla went to Rome and was baptized by the Pope Sergius who gave him the name of Peter. Dying soon afterwards he was buried in Rome and his epitaph beginning Hic depositus est Caedwalla qui est Petrus was pointed out (Bede, "Hist. Eccl.", V, vii). Later Guthrum the Danish leader in England after his long contest with King Alfred was eventually defeated, and consenting to accept Christianity was baptized in 878, taking the name Æthelstan.

This is a document about Persecution of Christians
  The Christian church marked the conversion of Constantine the Great as the final fulfillment of its heavenly victory over the "false gods". The Roman state had always seen itself as divinely directed, now it saw the first great age of persecution, in which the Devil was considered to have used open violence to dissuade the growth of Christianity, at an end. The orthodox catholic Christians close to the Roman state represented imperial persecution as an historical phenomenon, rather than a contemporary one. According to MacMullan, the Christian histories are colored by this "triumphalism". Peter Leithart says that, "[Constantine] did not

This is a document about Constantine the Great
  garrison troops (limitanei) capable of countering internal threats and barbarian invasions. Constantine pursued successful campaigns against the tribes on the Roman frontiers—the Franks, the Alamanni, the Goths and the Sarmatians—even resettling territories abandoned by his predecessors during the Crisis of the Third Century. Constantine was the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity. Although he lived much of his life as a pagan, and later as a catechumen, he began to favor Christianity beginning in 312, finally becoming a Christian and being baptised by either Eusebius of Nicomedia, an Arian bishop, or Pope Sylvester I, which is maintained by the Catholic Church and the Coptic Orthodox

This is a document about Battle of Tolbiac
  ii.30-31 directly affirms a parallel Gregory establishes with the conversion of Constantine the Great before the Battle of Milvian Bridge: "At last a war arose with the Alamanni, in which he was driven by necessity to confess what before he had of his free will denied. It came about that as the two armies were fighting fiercely, there was much slaughter, and Clovis's army began to be in danger of destruction. He saw it and raised his eyes to heaven, and with remorse in his heart he burst into tears and cried: "Jesus Christ, whom Clotilde asserts to be the son of the Living God, who art said to give aid to

This is a document about Christianization
  The Germanic peoples underwent gradual Christianization in the course of the Early Middle Ages, resulting in a unique form of Christianity known as Germanic Christianity that was frequently some blend of Arian Christianity and Germanic paganism. The Eastern and Western tribes were the first to convert through various means. However, it would not be until the 12th century that the North Germanic peoples had Christianized. In the polytheistic Germanic tradition, it was possible to worship Jesus next to the native gods like Woden and Thor. Before a battle, a pagan military leader might pray to Jesus for victory, instead of Odin, if he expected more help from the Christian God. According to legend, Clovis had prayed thus before a battle against one of the kings of the Alemanni, and had consequently attributed his victory to Jesus. The Christianization of the Franks laid the foundation for the

This is a document about 20,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia
  The 20,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia refers to victims of persecution of Christians in Nicomedia, Bithynia (modern Izmit, Turkey) by the Roman Emperors Diocletian and Maximian in the early 4th century AD. According to various martyrologies and menologion, the persecution included the burning of a church that held numerous Christians on Christmas Day. This event took place when the emperor Maximian (284-305) returned with victory over Ethiopians in 304 AD. It happened after they had refused to sacrifice to idols during Christmas Mass in order to thank gods for the victory he had acquired. Later Maximian and his soldiers entered the church and told the Christians they could escape punishment if they renounced Christ. The Christian priest Glycerius answered that the Christians would never "renounce

This is a document about Diocletianic Persecution
  have won in no other way." After Constantine, the Christianization of the Roman empire would continue apace. Under Theodosius I (r. 378–95), Christianity became the state religion. By the 5th century, Christianity was the empire's predominant faith, and filled the same role paganism had at the end of the 3rd century. Because of the persecution, however, a number of Christian communities were riven between those who had complied with imperial authorities (traditores) and those who had refused. In Africa, the Donatists, who protested the election of the alleged traditor Caecilian to the bishopric of Carthage, continued to resist the authority of the

This is a document about Religious policies of Constantine the Great
  some time between 310 and 315. Brown calls Constantine's conversion a "very Roman conversion." "He had risen to power in a series of deathly civil wars, destroyed the system of divided empire, believed the Christian God had brought him victory, and therefore regarded that god as the proper recipient of religio. He did all of this without according religio to the traditional gods," and Brown says "this is how his subjects came to realize he was a Christian." Brown says Constantine was over 40, had most likely been a traditional polytheist, and was a savvy and ruthless politician when he declared himself a Christian. His first step after conquering was to eclipse the memory of Maxentius, which he

This is a document about A Shoemaker a Gentleman
  victory. Among the Roman force is an officer called Albon. Under the influence of the Christian hermit Amphiabel, Albon converts to Christianity. The emperors discover his conversion, and capture and torture both Albon and Amphiabel. Both go to martyrdom true to their faith. When the Roman army returns to Britain they are mistaken for an invading force; a public panic ensues. Leodice is by now expecting her first child with husband Crispin; amid a good deal of rushing about with the Nurse and hostile comments from the Shoemaker's wife, the princess gives birth. By the play's end, both Crispin and Crispianus are recognized as the royal princes

This is a document about Deathbed conversion
  Conversions at the point of death have a long history. The first recorded deathbed conversion appears in the Gospel of Luke where the good thief, crucified beside Jesus, expresses belief in Christ. Jesus accepts his conversion, saying "Today you shall be with Me in Paradise". Perhaps the most momentous conversion in Western history was that of Constantine I, Roman Emperor and later proclaimed a Christian Saint by the Eastern Orthodox Church. While his belief in Christianity occurred long before his death, it was only on his deathbed that he was baptised, in 337 by the Arian bishop Eusebius of Nicomedia, While traditional sources disagree as to why this happened so late, modern historiography concludes that Constantine chose religious tolerance as an instrument to bolster his reign. According to Bart Ehrman, all Christians contemporary to Constantine got baptized on their deathbed since they firmly believed that continuing to sin after baptism ensures their eternal damnation. Ehrman sees no conflict between Constantine's Paganism and him being a Christian.

Clovis I, the Frankish king, converted to Christianity after winning the Battle of Tolbiac in 496.


Question: who played frodo in the hunchback of notre dame

Answer: Tony Jay

This is a document about Frodo Baggins
  played by Valery Dyachenko, while in the Finnish broadcaster Yle's 1993 television miniseries Hobitit, the role is played by Taneli Mäkelä.  In The Lord of the Rings film trilogy (2001–2003) directed by Peter Jackson, Frodo is played by the American actor Elijah Wood. Dan Timmons writes in the Mythopoeic Society's Tolkien on Film that the themes and internal logic of the Jackson films are undermined by the portrayal of Frodo, which he considers a weakening of Tolkien's original. The film critic Roger Ebert writes that he missed the depth of characterisation he felt in the book, Frodo doing little but watching other characters decide his fate "and

This is a document about Claude Frollo
  In Disney's 1996 animated film version of The Hunchback of Notre Dame, the main antagonist Judge Claude Frollo was voiced by Tony Jay, whom directors Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale chose for the role based on his brief appearance as Monsieur D'Arque in their previous film, Beauty and the Beast (1991) and animated by Kathy Zielinski. Features of the character were inspired by the actor Stewart Granger and Hans Conreid, especially the latter's appearance in the 1953 film The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T. The film's producer, Don Hahn, stated that the character of Frollo was inspired by Ralph Fiennes' performance in Schindler's List as Amon Göth, a Nazi who hates and

This is a document about Ian McKellen
  Sir Ian Murray McKellen (born 25 May 1939) is an English actor. His career spans seven decades, having performed in genres ranging from Shakespearean and modern theatre to popular fantasy and science fiction. Over his career he has received numerous awards including seven Laurence Olivier Awards, a Tony Award, a Golden Globe Award, and a Screen Actors Guild Award. He has also received nominations for two Academy Awards, five Primetime Emmy Awards, and four BAFTAs. He achieved worldwide fame for his film roles, including the titular King in Richard III (1995), James Whale in Gods and Monsters (1998), Magneto in the X-Men films, and Gandalf in The Lord of the

This is a document about The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)
 James Arrington - Frodo Baggins, Saruman ; Lou Bliss - Sam ; Pat Franklyn - Merry, Ioreth ; Mac McCaddon - Pippin, Galadriel ; Ray Reinhardt - Bilbo Baggins ; Bernard Mayes - Gandalf, Tom Bombadil ; Tom Luce - Strider/Aragorn, Treebeard, Denethor ; Gail Chugg - Narrator, Gimli, Gollum, Barliman Butterbur ; John Vickery - Legolas, Faramir, Wormtongue, Mouth of Sauron ; Bob Lewis - Wild Man, Glorfindel ; Erik Bauersfeld - Boromir, Theoden ; Carl Hague - Elrond, Beregond ; Matthew Locricchio - Eomer ; Karen Hurley - Eowyn

This is a document about Elijah Wood
  Elijah Wood (born January 28, 1981) is an American actor and producer. He is best known for his portrayal of Frodo Baggins in the Lord of the Rings film trilogy (2001–2003) and The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (2012). Wood made his film debut with a small part in Back to the Future Part II (1989). He went on to achieve recognition as a child actor with roles in Avalon (1990), Paradise (1991), Radio Flyer (1992), Forever Young (1992), The Adventures of Huck Finn (1993), and The Good Son (1993). As a teenager, he starred in films such as North (1994), The War

This is a document about The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
  Frodo on his quest. ; Billy Boyd as Peregrin Took: Better known as Pippin, a hobbit mistakenly captured by the Uruk-hai. ; Dominic Monaghan as Meriadoc Brandybuck: Better known as Merry, a distant cousin of Frodo's who is mistakenly captured along with Pippin by the Uruk-hai. ; John Rhys-Davies as Gimli: A dwarf warrior and one of Aragorn's companions. ; Also voices Treebeard: The leader of the ents, who is roused to anger after seeing that Saruman had decimated a large part of Fangorn Forest. ; Orlando Bloom as Legolas Greenleaf: An elven archer and one of Aragorn's companions. ; Bernard Hill as Théoden: The King of Rohan, who

This is a document about Jean Piat
 Lawrence of Arabia (Thomas Edward Lawrence (Peter O'Toole)) ; Kaena: The Prophecy (Grand Priest (Gary Martin)) ; The Lion King (Scar (Jeremy Irons)) ; The Hunchback of Notre Dame (Judge Claude Frollo (Tony Jay)) ; The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (Gandalf the Grey (Ian McKellen)) ; The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (Gandalf the White (Ian McKellen)) ; The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (Gandalf the White (Ian McKellen)) ; The Golden Compass (Iorek Byrnison (Ian McKellen)) ; The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (Gandalf the Grey (Ian McKellen)) ; The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (Gandalf the Grey (Ian McKellen)) ; The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies (Gandalf the Grey (Ian McKellen))

This is a document about Music of The Lord of the Rings film series
  (Meriadoc "Merry" Brandybuck) – tenor ; Elijah Wood (Frodo) – tenor ; Andy Serkis (Smeagol) – baritone ; Sir Peter Jackson provided a tamtam hit when Aragorn enters Edoras ; Other actors like John Rhys Davies (as Treebeard), Alan Howard (voice of the ring), Bernard Hill (Theoden) and Orlando Bloom (Legolas) recited verses or provided narration, without a melody The "Elvish Impersonators": Jannet Roddick, David Donaldson, Stephen Roche ("Plan 9") and David Long: Fiddlek, Hurdy-Gurdy, Rommelpot, Jaw Harp, Harmonium, Whistle, Bodhran, Goblet Drum, Castanets, Tambourines, drones, Zither; possibly Dan Bau, Hasapi, Conga and Bongos ; Dermot Crehan – Fiddle, Sarangi, Hardanger fiddle, Double Fiddle ;

This is a document about World Soundtrack Award for Best Original Score of the Year
 2001 Amélie (Le fabuleux destin d'Amélie Poulain) – Yann Tiersen ; A.I. Artificial Intelligence – John Williams ; Before Night Falls – Carter Burwell ; Hannibal – Hans Zimmer ; Moulin Rouge! – Craig Armstrong and Marius De Vries ; 2002 The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring – Howard Shore † ; Black Hawk Down – Hans Zimmer ; Monsters, Inc. – Randy Newman ; Spider-Man – Danny Elfman ; Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones – John Williams ; 2003 Frida – Elliot Goldenthal † ; Catch Me If You Can – John Williams ; Gangs of New York – Howard Shore ; The Hours –

This is a document about Middle-earth in film
   In 1969, John Boorman approached David Picker about an Arthurian epic; Picker instead commissioned him to do The Lord of the Rings as a single, three-hour film. Boorman thought it impossible, but allowed himself to be persuaded. The project was announced in 1970, to be co-produced by Gabriel Katzka. Boorman had wanted Tolkien to have a cameo in his film, and corresponded with Tolkien about the project, telling him he intended to make it with small people playing the Hobbits and in live-action, which Tolkien preferred. He considered having children dressed with facial hair, dubbed by adult actors. Al Pacino was considered for Frodo, and Sauron is described in the script as looking like Mick Jagger. In

This is a document about Yul Brynner
  Yuliy Borisovich Briner (Юлий Борисович Бринер; July 11, 1920 – October 10, 1985), known professionally as Yul Brynner, was a Russian-American actor, singer, and director, best known for his portrayal of King Mongkut in the Rodgers and Hammerstein stage musical The King and I, for which he won two Tony Awards, and later an Academy Award for Best Actor for the film adaptation. He played the role 4,625 times on stage and became known for his shaved head, which he maintained as a personal trademark long after adopting it for The King and I. Considered one of the first Russian-American film stars, he was honored with a ceremony to put his handprints in front of Grauman's

This is a document about Kiran Shah
 The People That Time Forgot (1977) as Bolum ; Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) as Abu ; The Dark Crystal (1982) as Additional Performer ; Star Wars: Episode VI - Return of the Jedi (1983) as Ewok / EG-6 ; Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes (1984) as Primate Sequences ; Legend (1985) as Blunder ; Gothic (1986) as Fuseli Monster ; Sherlock Holmes: The Sign of Four (1987) as Tonga ; The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (1988) as Executioner's Assistant ; Bullseye! (1990) as Little Boss at Auction ; Black Beauty (1994) as Man with Tambourine (uncredited) ; Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001) as Goblin (uncredited) ; Lord of the Rings trilogy (2001–2003) as scale double for Elijah Wood as Frodo. ; The Biggest Step (2002) as Luk ; The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch

This is a document about Even Stormoen
 Judge Claude Frollo (speaking) - The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996) - Norwegian Dub ; Scar - The Lion King (1994) - Norwegian Dub ; James P. Sullivan - Monsters Inc. (2001) and Monsters University (2013) - Norwegian Dub

This is a document about The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring
 Elijah Wood as Frodo Baggins: A young hobbit who inherits the One Ring from his uncle Bilbo. Wood was the first actor to be cast on 7 July 1999. Wood was a fan of the book, and he sent in an audition dressed as Frodo, reading lines from the novel. Wood was selected from 150 actors who auditioned. Jake Gyllenhaal unsuccessfully auditioned for the role. ; Ian McKellen as Gandalf the Grey: An Istari wizard and mentor to Frodo. Sean Connery was approached for the role, but did not understand the plot, while Patrick Stewart turned it down as he disliked the script. Patrick

This is a document about Alec Guinness
  in Doctor Zhivago (1965), and Professor Godbole in A Passage to India (1984). In 1970 he played Jacob Marley's ghost in Ronald Neame's Scrooge. He also portrayed Obi-Wan Kenobi in George Lucas's original Star Wars trilogy; for the original 1977 film, he was nominated for Best Supporting Actor at the 50th Academy Awards. Guinness began his stage career in 1934. Two years later, at the age of 22, he played the role of Osric in Hamlet in the West End and joined the Old Vic. He continued to play Shakespearean roles throughout his career. He was one of the greatest British actors, along with Laurence Olivier and John Gielgud, who made the transition from theatre to films after the Second World

This is a document about Frodo Baggins
  gazing significantly upon the Ring". Peter Travers of Rolling Stone however states that Wood played the role with "soulful conviction", and that his portrayal matured as the story progressed. Wood reprised the role in a brief appearance in The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey. On stage, Frodo was portrayed by James Loye in the three-hour stage production of The Lord of the Rings, which opened in Toronto in 2006, and was brought to London in 2007. Frodo was portrayed by Joe Sofranko in the Cincinnati productions of The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Two Towers (2002), and The Return of the King (2003) for Clear Stage Cincinnati.

This is a document about John Rhys-Davies
  John Rhys-Davies (born 5 May 1944) is a Welsh actor. Rhys-Davies portrayed Gimli in The Lord of the Rings trilogy and Sallah in the Indiana Jones films. His other roles include Michael Malone in the 1993 TV series The Untouchables, Vasco Rodrigues in the mini-series Shōgun, Professor Maximillian Arturo in Sliders, King Richard I in Robin of Sherwood, General Leonid Pushkin in the James Bond film The Living Daylights, and Macro in I, Claudius. In voice acting, Rhys-Davies portrayed Treebeard in The Lord of the Rings trilogy, Cassim in Aladdin and the King of Thieves, Ranjan's father in The Jungle Book 2, Macbeth in Gargoyles, Man Ray in SpongeBob SquarePants, Hades in Justice League, and Tobias in Freelancer.

This is a document about The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series)
 Derek Hart - Narrator ; Oliver Burt - Frodo ; Norman Shelley - Gandalf, Tom Bombadil, Old Man, Additional voices ; Victor Platt - Sam ; Godfrey Kenton - Aragorn, Mablung, Additional voices ; Michael Collins - Merry ; Basil Jones - Pippin ; Felix Felton - Bilbo, Sauron, The Black Captain, Orcs, Additional voices ; Derek Prentice - Boromir, Faramir, Beregond, Orcs, Additional voices ; Frank Duncan - Legolas, Halbarad, Additional voices ; Eric Lugg - Gimli, Additional voices ; Gerik Schjelderup - Gollum, Orcs ; Robert Farquharson - Saruman, Denethor ; Valentine Dyall - Théoden, Treebeard, Orcs ; Bernard Rebel - Wormtongue ; Garard Green - Elrond, Celeborn, Additional voices ; Nicolette Bernard - Galadriel, Goldberry ; John Baker - Orcs ; Olive Gregg - Eowyn ; David Hemmings - Bergil ; Noel Johnson - Éomer ; Prunella Scales - Ioreth ; Roger Snowdon - Orcs

This is a document about Elijah Wood
  Wood was cast as Frodo Baggins in The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, the first installment of director Peter Jackson's adaptation of J. R. R. Tolkien's multi-volume novel. This gave Wood top billing as Baggins, alongside a cast that included Ian McKellen, Liv Tyler, Orlando Bloom, Cate Blanchett, Christopher Lee, Miranda Otto, Sean Bean, Sean Astin, Billy Boyd, Dominic Monaghan, Viggo Mortensen, and John Rhys-Davies. The Lord of the Rings trilogy was filmed in New Zealand, in a process taking more than one year for principal photography alone, with pick-up shots occurring annually for the next four years. Before the cast left the country, Jackson gave Wood two gifts: one of the One Ring props used on the set and Sting, Frodo's sword. He was also given a pair of prosthetic "hobbit feet" of the type worn during filming. Fellowship was released

This is a document about Christopher Lee
  Sir Christopher Frank Carandini Lee, (27 May 1922 – 7 June 2015) was an English actor, author, and singer. With a career spanning nearly seven decades, Lee was well known for portraying villains, gaining recognition for appearing as Count Dracula in seven Hammer Horror films—ultimately playing the role nine times in total. His other film roles include Francisco Scaramanga in the James Bond film The Man with the Golden Gun (1974), Count Dooku in the Star Wars films Episode II – Attack of the Clones (2002) and Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (2005), and Saruman in both the Lord of the Rings film trilogy (2001–2003) and the Hobbit film trilogy (2012–2014). Lee was knighted for services to drama and charity in

Elijah Wood played Frodo in "The Lord of the Rings" film trilogy, not in "The Hunchback of Notre Dame." The role of Quasimodo in "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" was played by Tony Jay.


Question: who shifted the capital from calcutta to delhi

Answer: Government of British India

This is a document about New Delhi
  Until December 1911 Calcutta was the capital of India during the British Rule. However, it had become the centre of the nationalist movements since the late nineteenth century, which led to the Partition of Bengal by Viceroy Lord Curzon. This created massive political and religious upsurge including political assassinations of British officials in Calcutta. The anti-colonial sentiments amongst the public led to a complete boycott of British goods, which forced the colonial government to reunite Bengal and immediately shift the capital to New Delhi. Old Delhi had served as the political and financial centre of several empires of ancient India and the Delhi Sultanate, most notably of the

This is a document about History of Delhi
  Calcutta was the capital of British India till 1911 but in 1911 at the Delhi Durbar of 1911, held at the Coronation Park, King George V announced the shifting of the capital to Delhi. New Delhi designed by the British architect Edwin Lutyens was inaugurated in 1931 after its construction was delayed due to World War I. New Delhi was officially declared as the seat of the Government of India after independence in 1947.

This is a document about History of Delhi
  rule and declared Bahadur Shah II the Emperor of India. However, the British soon recaptured Delhi and their other territories, ending the short-lived rebellion. This also marked the beginning of direct British Rule in India. In 1911, the capital of British India was shifted from Calcutta to New Delhi, the last inner city of Delhi designed by Edwin Lutyens. After India's Independence from the British, New Delhi became the capital of the newly formed Republic of India.  as Indraprastha, which means "city of Lord Indra". The legendary ancient city of Indraprastha is believed to have been established 5000 years ago, as per the ancient Indian epic Mahabharata.

This is a document about List of governors of West Bengal
  In 1911 the Imperial capital of India was moved from Calcutta to Delhi and as some compensation to Bengal the lieutenant governor with council gave place to a governor with a council thus completing the circle and reverting to the position which had been obtained 200 years ago. In 1947 India achieved independence and the title of Governor of Bengal remained.

This is a document about Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
  The Delhi Conspiracy case, also known as the Delhi–Lahore Conspiracy, hatched in 1912, planned to assassinate the then Viceroy of India, Lord Hardinge, on the occasion of transferring the capital of British India from Calcutta to New Delhi. Involving revolutionary underground in Bengal and headed by Rash Behari Bose along with Sachin Sanyal, the conspiracy culminated on the attempted assassination on 23 December 1912 when a home-made bomb was thrown into the Viceroys's Howdah when the ceremonial procession moved through the Chandni Chowk suburb of Delhi. The Viceroy escaped with his injuries, along with Lady Hardinge, although the Mahout was killed. In the aftermath

This is a document about Capital city
  first capital of Greece, when Athens was an unimportant village. The Ming emperors moved their capital to Beijing from the more central Nanjing to help supervise the border with the Mongols. During the 1857 rebellion, Indian rebels considered Delhi their capital, and Bahadur Shah Zafar was proclaimed emperor, but the ruling British had their capital in Calcutta. In 1877, the British formally held a 'Durbar' in Delhi, proclaiming Queen Victoria as 'Empress of India'. Delhi finally became the colonial capital after the Coronation Durbar of King-Emperor George V in 1911, continuing as independent India's capital from 1947. Other examples include Abuja, Brasília, Helsinki, Islamabad, Naypyidaw, Nur-Sultan and Yamoussoukro. ; The selection or founding of a "neutral" capital city, one

This is a document about Indian independence movement
  The Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy, hatched in 1912, planned to assassinate the then Viceroy of India, Lord Hardinge, on the occasion of transferring the capital of British India from Calcutta to New Delhi. Involving revolutionary underground in Bengal and headed by Rash Behari Bose along with Sachin Sanyal, the conspiracy culminated on the attempted assassination on 23 December 1912 when a home-made bomb was thrown into the Viceroys's Howdah when the ceremonial procession moved through the Chandni Chowk suburb of Delhi. The Viceroy escaped with his injuries, along with Lady Hardinge, although the Mahout was killed. In the aftermath of the event,

This is a document about New Delhi
  declared that the capital of the Raj would be shifted from Calcutta to Delhi. Three days later, George V and his consort, Queen Mary, laid the foundation stone of New Delhi at Kingsway Camp. Large parts of New Delhi were planned by Edwin Lutyens, who first visited Delhi in 1912, and Herbert Baker, both leading 20th-century British architects. The contract was given to Sobha Singh. The original plan called for its construction in Tughlaqabad, inside the Tughlaqabad Fort, but this was given up because of the Delhi-Calcutta trunk line that passed through the fort. Construction really began after World War I and was completed by 1931. The gardening

This is a document about Delhi
  In 1803, during the Second Anglo-Maratha War, the forces of British East India Company defeated the Maratha forces in the Battle of Delhi. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, Delhi fell to the forces of East India Company after a bloody fight known as the Siege of Delhi. The city came under the direct control of the British Government in 1858. It was made a district province of the Punjab. In 1911, it was announced that the capital of British-held territories in India was to be transferred from Calcutta to Delhi. The name "New Delhi" was given in 1927, and the new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931. New Delhi, also known as Lutyens' Delhi, was officially declared as the capital of the Union of India after the country gained independence on 15 August 1947.

This is a document about Currency Building
  Calcutta served as the capital of the British Raj from the 18th century until 1911, when New Delhi became the capital. During Calcutta's tenure as capital, Dalhousie Square was the city’s financial, social, and political center. The plot in Dalhousie Square, on which the Currency Building now stands, was originally the site of the Calcutta Auction Company's office building. In 1825, the Agra Bank acquired the plot, constructing, in 1833, during William Bentinck's tenure as governor general, the present-day building to house its Calcutta branch. The Agra Bank ceased operation in 1866. In 1868, the imperial Controller of the Currency converted a large portion of the Currency Building for use by the Office of the Issue and Exchange of Government Currency, after which it became known as the Currency Building. The Calcutta Mint sent silver coins to the currency office, to maintain a

This is a document about List of governors of Bengal Presidency
  56 of Act 16 & 17 Victoria in 1853 empowered the Court of Directors of EIC to declare that the Governor-General of India shall not be Governor of the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal, but that a separate Governor shall be appointed for such Presidency. Until then, the Governor-General of India in Council will be directed to appoint a Lieutenant Governor of the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal. In 1854, F. J. Halliday was appointed as the first lieutenant governor of the Bengal presidency. At the Delhi Durbar on 12 December 1911, King George V announced the transfer of the seat of the Government of India from Calcutta to Delhi, the reunification of the five predominantly

This is a document about Pusa Road
  After 1911, when the capital of British India was moved from Calcutta to Delhi, the construction of the new capital began. Residents of villages in the area where New Delhi would come up were moved to Karol Bagh, until then a wild and rocky area. This area is to the west of the walled city of Shahjahanabad, which was now referred to as Old Delhi. During the 1920s, Shahjahanabad had become overcrowded, and some of its inhabitants moved into the western suburbs. Up to the early 1930s, the area to the south and south-west of Karol Bagh was not urbanised. All this changed in 1934, when a major earthquake hit parts of Nepal and Eastern

This is a document about List of rulers of Bengal
  In late 1911, the Indian Government decided to move the capital to New Delhi. As a result, the Governorship of Bengal Presidency was now necessary.

This is a document about Old Delhi
  and herbs at Khari Baoli, opening in 1850. The Phool Mandi (Flower Market) of Daryaganj was established in 1869, and even today, despite serving a small geographical area, it is of great importance due to dense population. After the fall of the Mughal Empire post 1857 revolt, the British Raj shifted the capital of British controlled territories in India to a less volatile city, Calcutta in Bengal, where it remained until 1911. After the announcement of the change, the British developed Lutyens' Delhi (in modern New Delhi) just south-west of Shahjahanabad. At this point, the older city started being called Old Delhi, as New

This is a document about B. B. D. Bagh
  the British East India Company's forces had taken all of Bengal and Calcutta, along with the square, was established as the commercial and political center of British-occupied India.  Over the next one and a half centuries, the square grew in importance and influence. It was named after Lord Dalhousie, the Governor-General of India. After the fall of company rule in India, Writers' Building became the secretariat of the Viceroy of India. A number of corporations and institutions opened offices and headquarters in and around the square, giving it its role as the central business district of the city. In 1912, the capital of British-occupied India was officially moved to New Delhi, but the majority of the financial and

This is a document about New Delhi
  Empire from 1649 to 1857. During the early 1900s, a proposal was made to the British administration to shift the capital of the British Indian Empire, as India was officially named, from Calcutta on the east coast, to Delhi. The Government of British India felt that it would be logistically easier to administer India from Delhi, which is in the centre of northern India. The land for building the new city of Delhi was acquired under the Land Acquisition Act 1894. During the Delhi Durbar on 12 December 1911, George V, Emperor of India, while laying the foundation stone for the viceroy's residence in the Coronation Park, Kingsway

This is a document about December 1911
 At the Coronation Durbar in British India, King George V was formally proclaimed the Kaisar-i-Hind, King-Emperor of India, at Delhi, before an audience of 80,000. On the subcontinent, he had 315,000,000 subjects in the Indian Kingdom and Empire, which included modern-day India, Pakistan and Bangladesh.  (At the time, the population of the British Isles was 45,370,530).  The Emperor announced, without consultation of the British Parliament, that the capital of British India would be moved from Calcutta to a new city built near Delhi. New Delhi was built on the site southwest of Shahjahanabaad, the capital of the  Mughal Emperors from 1658 to 1739, and

This is a document about List of capitals of India
 In 1858, Allahbad (now Prayagraj) became the capital of India for a day when it also served as the capital of North-Western Provinces. ; During the British Raj, until 1911, Calcutta was the capital of India. ; By the latter half of the 19th century, Shimla had become the summer capital. ; King George V proclaimed the transfer of the capital from Calcutta to Delhi at the climax of the 1911 Imperial Durbar on 12 December 1911. The buildings housing the Viceroy, government, and parliament were inaugurated in early 1931.

This is a document about Partition of India
   For centuries Delhi had been the capital of the Mughal Empire from Babur to the successors of Aurangzeb and previous Turkic Muslim rulers of North India. The series of Islamic rulers keeping Delhi as a stronghold of their empires left a vast array of Islamic architecture in Delhi, and a strong Islamic culture permeated the city. In 1911, when the British Raj shifted their colonial capital from Calcutta to Delhi, the nature of the city began changing. The core of the city was called ‘Lutyens’ Delhi,’ named after the British architect Sir Edwin Lutyens, and was designed to service the needs of the small but growing population of the British elite. Nevertheless, the 1941 census listed Delhi's population as being 33.2% Muslim. As refugees began pouring into Delhi in 1947,

This is a document about Jaipur Column
 In thought faith ; In word wisdom ; In deed courage ; In life service ; So may India be great Endow your thought with faith ; Your deed with courage ; Your life with sacrifice ; So all men may know ; The greatness of India The Jaipur Column is a monumental column in the middle of the courtyard in front of Rashtrapati Bhavan, the presidential residence in New Delhi, Delhi, India. In 1912 Madho Singh II, the Maharaja of Jaipur, offered to sponsor its construction to commemorate the 1911 Delhi Durbar and the transfer of the capital of India from Kolkata to New Delhi. The column was designed by the architect Sir Edwin Lutyens. In 1920, Lutyens submitted his design for the column to the Royal Academy of Arts in London, as his diploma work for his election as a

The capital of India was shifted from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911 by the British during the Delhi Durbar of 1911.