Question: who is the 4th in line to be president

Answer: Secretary of State

This is a document about Andrew Yang 2020 presidential campaign
  The qualification requirements for the fourth debate mirrored those of the third debate, and Yang qualified before August 22. The debate was held on October 15 in Westerville, Ohio. During the debate, Yang stated his support of impeaching Donald Trump, but that it would not solve the issues that got Trump elected, such as job displacement through automation. He also discussed the economy, taxation, foreign policy, the opioid crisis, big tech, and personal data as a property right. Yang spoke for a total of eight and a half minutes, which was the fourth-least time of all candidates. During the debate, Yang proposed decriminalizing opioids, a stance that candidate Beto O'Rourke agreed with. Candidates Julian Castro and Tulsi Gabbard said that Yang's Freedom Dividend

This is a document about 2024 United States presidential election
  The 2024 United States presidential election will be the 60th quadrennial presidential election, scheduled for Tuesday, November 5, 2024. It will be the first presidential election after electoral votes are redistributed according to the post–2020 census reapportionment. Incumbent president Joe Biden has stated that he intends to run for reelection to a second term, although no official statements have been released as of yet. In the United States, general elections follow caucuses and primary elections held by the major parties to determine their nominees. The winner of the 2024 presidential election is scheduled to be inaugurated on January 20, 2025.

This is a document about Statewide opinion polling for Hillary Clinton for the 2008 United States presidential election
  4 electoral votes

This is a document about List of fictional presidents of the United States (A–B)
 President in: America 2014: An Orwellian Tale (novel) ; Fourth-term president

This is a document about Timeline of the 2016 United States presidential election
 May 4 ; Former business executive Carly Fiorina, of California officially declares her candidacy for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party ; Neurosurgeon Ben Carson, of Maryland, formally announces his candidacy for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party ; May 5 – Former Governor of Arkansas Mike Huckabee officially declares his candidacy for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party ; May 27 – Former U.S. Senator Rick Santorum, of Pennsylvania, formally announces his candidacy for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party ; May 28 – Former Governor of New York George Pataki officially declares his candidacy for the presidential nomination of the Republican Party ; May 30 – Former Governor of Maryland Martin O'Malley formally announces his candidacy for the presidential nomination of the Democratic Party ; May 31 – US Senator Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts confirms she will not be running for president

This is a document about List of The Late Show with Stephen Colbert sketches
 1) William H. Macy (November 19, 2016) ; 2) Joe Biden (December 7, 2016) ; 3) Leslie Mann (January 31, 2017) ; 4) Nick Kroll (September 28, 2017)

This is a document about 1924 Democratic Party presidential primaries
  There were four candidates:

This is a document about 2016 United States presidential election in Michigan
  Four candidates appeared on the Democratic presidential primary ballot:

This is a document about President of Malta
  As of June 2022, there are four living former presidents:

This is a document about 2018 Oxford County municipal elections
  4 to be elected

This is a document about 2020 Democratic Party presidential debates
  A memo released by the DNC on August 5 indicated that the qualification period for the fourth debate in October started on June 28, which was the same day that qualification began for the third debate (in effect allowing all candidates who qualified for the third debate to automatically qualify for the fourth debate). This gave candidates who did not qualify for the September debate more time to qualify for the October debate. Biden, Booker, Buttigieg, Castro, Harris, Klobuchar, O'Rourke, Sanders, Warren, and Yang qualified before August 22, while Steyer and Gabbard qualified on September 8 and September 24 respectively. The qualification deadline for the fourth debate was October 1, 2019. One candidate (de Blasio) suspended his campaign between the third and fourth debates.

This is a document about Historical rankings of presidents of the United States
  Lincoln in the top spot, with George Washington, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Theodore Roosevelt, Thomas Jefferson, Harry S. Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Bill Clinton, Andrew Jackson, and Woodrow Wilson making the top 10. APSA conducted a repeat of this poll in 2018, with Donald Trump appearing for the first time, in last position. A 2016 survey of 71 British specialists by the Presidential History Network produced similar results to the 2011 USPC survey, with Barack Obama placed in the first quartile. The 2018 Siena poll of 157 presidential scholars reported George Washington, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Abraham Lincoln, Theodore Roosevelt, and Thomas Jefferson

This is a document about Inauguration of Joe Biden
  The inauguration of Joe Biden as the 46th president of the United States took place on January 20, 2021, marking the start of the four-year term of Joe Biden as president and Kamala Harris as vice president. The 59th presidential inauguration took place on the West Front of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. Biden took the presidential oath of office, before which Harris took the vice presidential oath of office. The inauguration took place amidst extraordinary political, public health, economic, and national security crises, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic; former President Donald Trump's attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election, which incited an attack on the

This is a document about 2016 United States presidential election in Connecticut
 Ben Carson (withdrawn) ; Ted Cruz ; John Kasich ; Donald Trump Four candidates appeared on the Republican presidential primary ballot:

This is a document about Ribella
 Listed 4th

This is a document about 2012 Heffron state by-election
  The four candidates in ballot paper order were as follows:

The fourth in line to be president in the United States is the Speaker of the House of Representatives. As of now, the Speaker of the House is Nancy Pelosi. However, during the 2020 presidential election, Andrew Yang was the fourth candidate to qualify for the debate.


Question: what type of issues did the progressives address

Answer: prohibition of alcoholic beverages

This is a document about Kansas Republican Party
  governor and U.S. Senator Clyde Reed. Progressives sought to solve problems that flowed from the new industrialized order, targeting giant corporations and corrupt political bosses who they felt had stolen America from its people. They viewed government intervention on behalf of the people as their primary tool of reform. They sought to use government power to limit the concentrated economic power of large business monopolies like the railroads and Standard Oil. They pushed for more direct grassroots involvement in government, favoring, for instance, primary elections over convention-nominated candidates to minimize the influence of political bosses, recall elections, lobbyist reform, campaign finance reporting, and civil service reform to reduce political patronage. They generally favored the use

This is a document about Progressive Era
  The  Progressive Era (1896–1916) was a period of widespread social activism and political reform across the United States of America that spanned the 1890s to World War I. Progressive reformers were typically middle-class society women or Christian ministers. The main objectives of the Progressive movement were addressing problems caused by industrialization, urbanization, immigration, and political corruption. Social reformers were primarily middle-class citizens who targeted political machines and their bosses. By taking down these corrupt representatives in office, a further means of direct democracy would be established. They also sought regulation of monopolies through methods such as trustbusting and corporations through antitrust laws, which were seen as a way to promote equal competition for the advantage of legitimate competitors. They also

This is a document about Progressivism
  Progressives took the view that progress was being stifled by vast economic inequality; minimally regulated monopolistic corporations; and the intense and often violent conflict between laborers and economic elites, arguing that measures were needed to address these problems. The meaning of progressivism has varied over time and differs depending on perspective. Early-20th century progressivism included proponents of eugenics and the temperance movement, both of which were promoted in the name of public health and as initiatives toward that goal. In modern politics, progressivism is generally considered part of the left-liberalism tradition. In the 21st century, a movement that identifies as progressive is "a social or political movement that aims to represent the interests of ordinary people through political change and the support of government actions".

This is a document about Progressive Party (United States, 1948)
  and many others in the party, sought to create something more than a single-issue party, to the objection of other leaders in the party who felt that would be their undoing. Nevertheless, the platform of the party and the range of issues it covered show the diversity of the people who formed the "New Party" in 1948, who included many socialists as well as Communists. Among the policies the Progressive Party hoped to implement were the end of all Jim Crow laws and segregation in the South, the advancement of women's rights, the continuation of many New Deal policies including national health insurance and unemployment benefits, the expansion of the welfare system, and the nationalization of the energy industry among others.

This is a document about Progressivism in the United States
  Historians debate the exact contours, but they generally date the Progressive Era in response to the excesses of the Gilded Age from the 1890s to either World War I or the onset of the Great Depression. Many of the core principles of the progressive movement focused on the need for efficiency in all areas of society. Purification to eliminate waste and corruption was a powerful element as well as the progressives' support of worker compensation, improved child labor laws, minimum wage legislation, a limited workweek, graduated income tax and allowed women the right to vote. Arthur S. Link and Vincent P. De Santis

This is a document about Modern liberalism in the United States
  The progressive movement emerged in the 1890s and included intellectual reformers typified by sociologist Lester Frank Ward and economist Richard T. Ely. They transformed Victorian liberalism, retaining its commitment to civil liberties and individual rights while casting off its advocacy of laissez-faire economics. Ward helped define what would become the modern welfare state after 1933. These often supported the growing working-class labor unions and sometimes even the socialists to their left. The Social Gospel movement was a Protestant intellectual movement that helped shape liberalism, especially from the 1890s to the 1920s. It applied Christian ethics to social problems, especially issues of social justice such

This is a document about Compromise of 1850
  Three major types of issues were addressed by the Compromise of 1850: a variety of boundary issues, the status of territory issues, and the issue of slavery. While capable of analytical distinction, the boundary and territory issues were included in the overarching issue of slavery. Pro-slavery and anti-slavery interests were each concerned with both the amount of land on which slavery was permitted and with the number of States in the slave or free camps. Since Texas was a slave state, not only the residents of that state but also both camps on a national scale had an interest in the size of Texas.

This is a document about History of the United States
   Dissatisfaction on the part of the growing middle class with the corruption and inefficiency of politics as usual, and the failure to deal with increasingly important urban and industrial problems, led to the dynamic Progressive Movement starting in the 1890s. In every major city and state, and at the national level as well, and in education, medicine, and industry, the progressives called for the modernization and reform of decrepit institutions, the elimination of corruption in politics, and the introduction of efficiency as a criterion for change. Leading politicians from both parties, most notably Theodore Roosevelt, Charles Evans Hughes, and Robert La Follette on the Republican side, and William Jennings Bryan and Woodrow Wilson on the Democratic side, took up the cause of progressive reform. Women became especially involved in demands for woman

This is a document about Serbian Progressive Party (Kingdom of Serbia)
  rights, constitutional responsibility of cabinet ministers, access of experts to the National Assembly, full independence of the Judiciary, and autonomy of municipalities. In the field of foreign policy, the Progressive Party was not inclined to Russia contrary to the other two political parties in Serbia. It rather advocated close relations with Austria-Hungary. In the economy, the party advocated completely liberal reforms. In terms of political ideologies, the party was what may be termed as Serbian Whiggism. Occasionally faced to choose between democracy and various freedoms the progressivists were prone to advocate and enforce freedoms. This made them too closely tied to the ruler and quickly diminished their popularity among the electorate. Nonetheless, they encouraged and paved the way for the modernization of Serbia by introducing modern institutions and progressive laws.

This is a document about Progressivism in the United States
  Progressivism in the 21st century is significantly different from the historical progressivism of the 19th–20th centuries. According to Princeton economics professor Thomas C. Leonard, interviewed in The American Conservative, "[a]t a glance, there is not much here for 21st-century progressives to claim kinship with. Today's progressives emphasize racial equality and minority rights, decry U.S. imperialism, shun biological ideas in social science, and have little use for piety or proselytizing". However, both historical progressivism and the modern movement shares the notion that the free markets lead to economic inequalities that must be ameliorated.

This is a document about Green Party of Manitoba
  The GPM's policies are generally progressive. The party is primarily focused on environmental issues, and promotes the conservation of land and non-renewable natural resources. It has expressed concern about "urban sprawl" in Winnipeg's suburbs, has called for reform in Manitoba's commercial hog sector, and generally supports the rights of small farming interests over corporations. The GPM also favours liberal positions on social issues such as abortion and same-sex marriage, and promotes accessible public health care with emphasis on healthy lifestyles and illness prevention. The party supports the extension of labour protection laws to farmworkers and a reduction of Manitoba's standard work week from 40 to 32 hours. It has also endorsed full employment, and has criticized Gary Doer's NDP government for not reversing welfare cutbacks enacted by the previous Tory government of Gary Filmon.

This is a document about History of the United States (1865–1918)
  the Progressive Era brought political, business, and social reforms (e.g., new roles for and government expansion of education, higher status for women, a curtailment of corporate excesses, and modernization of many areas of government and society). The Progressives worked through new middle-class organizations to fight against the corruption and behind-the-scenes power of entrenched, state political party organizations and big-city "machines". They demanded—and won—women's right to vote, and the nationwide prohibition of alcohol 1920-1933. In an unprecedented wave of European immigration, 27.5 million new arrivals between 1865 and 1918 provided the labor base necessary for the expansion of industry and agriculture, as

This is a document about Vermont Progressive Party
  The Progressive Party encompasses a progressive platform. The party's main focus has historically been advocacy for a single-payer health care system, which has recently made great strides with the implementation of Green Mountain Care, a health care program that was pushed by Democratic Governor Peter Shumlin due to pressure from the Progressive Party. Other major policy platforms are renewable energy programs and a phase-out of nuclear energy, public transportation proposals including one for a high-speed rail system, criminal justice reforms directed at reducing the state's prison population and better protecting convicts' rights, the creation of programs to end homelessness in the state, ending the War on Drugs and repealing No Child Left Behind and ending the focus on standardized testing in the school system. The party also has an anti-war stance, advocating for Vermont's national guard to be restricted from engaging in war zones outside the United

This is a document about Living Constitution
  During the Progressive Era, many initiatives were promoted and fought for but prevented from full fruition by legislative bodies or judicial proceedings. One case in particular, Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co., enraged early progressive activists hoping to achieve an income tax. That led progressives to the belief that the Constitution was unamendable and ultimately for them to find a new way to achieve the desired level of progress. Other proposals were considered, such as making the amending formula easier.

This is a document about Progressive Era
  Progressives believed that the family was the foundation stone of American society, and the government, especially municipal government, must work to enhance the family. Local public assistance programs were reformed to try to keep families together. Inspired by crusading Judge Ben Lindsey of Denver, cities established juvenile courts to deal with disruptive teenagers without sending them to adult prisons. During the progressive era more women took work outside the home. For the working class this work was often as a domestic servant. Yet, working or not, women were expected to perform all the cooking and cleaning. This "affected female domestics' experiences of their homes, workplaces, and possessions, While the male household members, comforted by the smells of home cooking, fresh laundry, and soaped floors, would have seen home as a refuge from work,

This is a document about History of American journalism
  The Progressive Era saw a strong middle class demand for reform, which the leading newspapers and magazines supported with editorial crusades. During this time minority women voices flourished with a new outlet and demand for women in journalism. The diverse women generally Native American, African American, and Jewish American worked through journalism to further their political activism. Many of the women writing during this time period were a part of or formed highly influential organizations such as the NAACP, National Council of American Indians, Women's Christian temperance Union and the federation of Jewish Philanthropists. Some of these women allowed for discussions and debates through their writing or through their organizational connections. With the emergence of diverse voices an equally

This is a document about Economic progressivism
  In the United States, the term progressive is often contrasted with neoliberal free-market ideology. The progressive movement emerged during the 1890s and 1920s in the so-called Progressive Era. Within this larger political movement tackling corruption and social inequalities was the introduction of economic policies that aimed to neutralise the worst excess of capitalism. This era was marked by the growth of labour unions such as the American Federation of Labour, the expansion of labour rights, the establishment of antitrust laws targeting major monopolistic firms and industries and an increase in taxation of the upper class. Progressive economic policies emerged as a response to the excessive big

This is a document about Progressivism in the United States
  Many progressives hoped that by regulating large corporations they could liberate human energies from the restrictions imposed by industrial capitalism. Nonetheless, the progressive movement was split over which of the following solutions should be used to regulate corporations.

This is a document about Roaring Twenties
  The Progressive Era in the United States was a period of social activism and political reform that flourished from the 1890s to the 1920s. The politics of the 1920s was unfriendly toward the labor unions and liberal crusaders against business, so many if not all historians who emphasize those themes write off the decade. Urban cosmopolitan scholars recoiled at the moralism of prohibition and the intolerance of the nativists of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), and denounced the era. Historian Richard Hofstadter, for example, wrote in 1955 that prohibition "was a pseudo-reform, a pinched, parochial substitute for reform" that "was carried about America by the rural-evangelical virus". However, as Arthur S. Link emphasized, the progressives did not simply roll over and play dead. Link's argument for continuity through the 1920s stimulated a

This is a document about Progressivism in the United States
  Modern progressives advocate for strong environmental protections and measures to reduce or eliminate pollution. One reason for this is the strong link between economic injustice and adverse environmental conditions as groups that are economically marginalized tend to be disproportionately affected by the harms of pollution and environmental degradation.

 The Progressives addressed a wide range of issues, including political and social reforms aimed at addressing the problems caused by industrialization, urbanization, and immigration. Some of the specific issues they focused on were:

* Monopolies and trusts
* Political corruption
* Regulation of monopolies through antitrust legislation
* Direct primary elections
* Recall elections
* Civil service reform
* Minimum wage laws
* Workers' compensation
* Child labor laws
* Women's suffrage
* Progressive income tax
* Social welfare programs
* National health insurance
* Continuation


Question: when did the pittsburgh steelers join the nfl

Answer: July 8 , 1933

This is a document about Pittsburgh Steelers
  Steelers have also won eight AFC championships, tied with the Denver Broncos, but behind the Patriots' record eleven AFC championships. The team is tied with the Broncos and Dallas Cowboys for the second-most Super Bowl appearances with eight. They lost their most recent championship appearance, Super Bowl XLV, on February 6, 2011. The Steelers, whose history may be traced to a regional pro team that was established in the early 1920s, joined the NFL as the Pittsburgh Pirates on July 8, 1933. The team was owned by Art Rooney and took its original name from the baseball team of the same name, as was common practice for NFL teams at the time. To distinguish them from the baseball team, local media took to calling the football team the Rooneymen,

This is a document about Western Pennsylvania Professional Football Circuit
  teams from joining the NFL until 1924, Pennsylvania teams could thus schedule exhibition games against NFL teams on either one's day off (other circuits such as the eastern Pennsylvania circuit and the Eastern/Anthracite Leagues also thrived in the 1920s) The J.P. Rooneys were founded in 1921; it later joined the NFL in 1933 as the Pittsburgh Pirates (now the Pittsburgh Steelers). Records of the Pirates playing other Western Pennsylvania teams (including the McKeesport Olympics) continue up to at least 1940, after which point most teams dissolved due to World War II; the Pirates (by now renamed the Steelers) then shifted its exhibition schedule to other minor league teams.

This is a document about Art Rooney
  Rooney's affiliation with the National Football League (NFL) began in 1933 when he paid a $2,500 franchise fee to found a club based in the city of Pittsburgh. He had named his new team the "Pirates" which was also the name of the city's long-established Major League Baseball club of which Rooney was a fan since a childhood spent in the shadow of the team's stadium. Since the league's inception in 1920, the NFL had wanted a team in Pittsburgh due to the city's already-long history with football as well as the popularity of the Pittsburgh Panthers football team, an NCAA national championship contender during

This is a document about Art Rooney
  Following the AFL–NFL merger in 1970, the Steelers agreed to leave the NFL Eastern Conference and joined the AFC Central Division. Through expert scouting, the Steelers became a power. In 1972, they began a remarkable 8–year run of playoff appearances, and 13 straight years of winning seasons, including three additional playoff berths. In Rooney's 41st season as owner, the club won the Super Bowl. During Rooney's lifetime the team also had Super Bowl victories following the 1975, 1978 and 1979 seasons. They also won the Super Bowl in the 2005 and 2008 seasons, making the Steelers the first team following the AFL–NFL merger to win six Super Bowls. Following the Steelers' victory in Super Bowl IX, Rooney stepped down from

This is a document about Pittsburgh Steelers
  The Pittsburgh Steelers of the NFL first took to the field as the Pittsburgh Pirates on September 20, 1933, losing 23–2 to the New York Giants. Through the 1930s, the Pirates never finished higher than second place in their division, or with a record better than .500. Pittsburgh did make history in by signing Byron White, a future Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, to what was at the time the biggest contract in NFL history, but he played only one year with the Pirates before signing with the Detroit Lions. Prior to the 1940 season, the Pirates renamed themselves the Steelers. During World War II, the Steelers experienced player shortages. They twice

This is a document about AFL–NFL merger
  Before the merger, the Steelers had been perennially close to or in last place in the NFL since their foundation in 1933, including a 1–13 record in 1969 (tied with the Chicago Bears for the worst record in the NFL), with only eight winning seasons and just one playoff appearance (in 1947, where they were shut out) in that time. The $3 million relocation fee that the Steelers received for joining the AFC after the merger, along with a new stadium and winning a coin-flip tiebreaker against the Bears for the number-one pick in the 1970 NFL draft (which ended up being

This is a document about Art Rooney
  2006. Rooney sent shock waves through the NFL by signing Byron "Whizzer" White to a record-breaking $15,000 contract in 1938. This move, however, did not bring the Pirates a winning season, and White left the team for the Detroit Lions the following year. The club did not have a season above .500 until 1942, the year after they were renamed the Pittsburgh Steelers. During World War II, the Steelers had some financial difficulties and were merged with the Philadelphia Eagles in 1943 and the Chicago Cardinals in 1944. After the war, Rooney became team president. He longed to bring an NFL title to Pittsburgh but

This is a document about History of the Pittsburgh Steelers
  The Pittsburgh Steelers are an American football franchise representing Pittsburgh. They are the seventh-oldest club in the National Football League (NFL), which they joined in. The only surviving NFL teams with a longer history are the Chicago Bears, Chicago (Arizona as well as St. Louis) Cardinals, Detroit Lions (then the Portsmouth Spartans), Green Bay Packers, New York Giants and Boston (Washington) Redskins. The Philadelphia Eagles joined the league concurrently with the Steelers in 1933. The team was founded by Arthur J. "Art" Rooney. The Rooney family has held a controlling interest in the club for almost its entire history. Since its founding the team has captured six league championships and competed in more than a thousand games. In the Steelers became the first NFL team to capture six Super Bowl titles. Currently the club is fourth in total NFL Championships behind the Packers (13), Bears (9), and Giants (8). Eighteen Steelers players, coaches or administrators have been enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame.

This is a document about American Football League
  the presence of AFL and the subsequent merger radically altered the fortunes of the Pittsburgh Steelers, saving the team "from stinking". Before the merger, the Steelers had long been one of the NFL's worst teams. Constantly lacking the money to build a quality team, the Steelers had only posted eight winning seasons, and just one playoff appearance, since their first year of existence in 1933 until the end of the 1969 season. They also finished with a 1–13 record in 1969, tied with the Chicago Bears for the worst record in the NFL. The $3 million indemnity that the Steelers received for joining the

This is a document about List of Pittsburgh Steelers first-round draft picks
  The Pittsburgh Steelers, a professional American football team based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, participated in the first NFL Draft prior to the 1936 season. The franchise changed its name to the Steelers prior to the 1940 season, to represent the city's heritage of producing steel. The event, which is officially known as the "Player Selection Meeting", is held each April. The draft is used as the primary means to distribute newly available talent (primarily from college football) equitably amongst the teams. Selections are made in reverse order based on the previous season's record, i.e. the club with the worst record from the previous season selects first. Through 2009, only two exceptions were made to

This is a document about American football in Western Pennsylvania
  based in Pittsburgh from 1895 until 1900, becoming the first known individual football club owner. A year later in 1899, the Morgan Athletic Club, on the South Side of Chicago, was founded. This team later became the Chicago Cardinals, and now is known as the Arizona Cardinals, making them the oldest continuously operating professional football team. The Cardinals would later merge with the Steelers for one season in 1944 due to player shortages as a result of World War II, with the two teams meeting in Super Bowl XLIII over six decades later. The Duquesne Country and Athletic Club would become the top pro team in the state in 1898 and

This is a document about Sports in Philadelphia
  Pirates earned their name from a 19th-century incident with the Philadelphia Athletics; after the Pirates signed second baseman Lou Bierbauer, the Athletics protested that Pittsburgh's actions were "piratical." The Pittsburgh Steelers and the Eagles both came into the NFL during the 1933 season. Between 1945 and 1970, the Eagles and Steelers played each other every year, and the two teams met in a one-game playoff in 1947. However, the Steelers moved to the American Football Conference as part of the 1970 AFL-NFL Merger, and the Eagles and Steelers only play each other every four years. There is also a spirited rivalry between Pittsburgh and Philadelphia at both the University of Pittsburgh and Penn State University, as there are many students from both cities at both state-related schools.

This is a document about List of Pittsburgh Steelers seasons
  in 1933, the Steelers are the oldest franchise in the AFC; seven franchises in the National Football Conference (NFC) have longer tenures in the NFL. The team struggled to be competitive in its early history, posting winning records in just 8 of its first 39 seasons. Since the AFL–NFL merger in 1970, however, it has appeared in eight Super Bowls and one of only two teams, along with the New England Patriots have won the Super Bowl six times. The six championships place the Steelers fourth in the league in terms of total championships (including those prior to the first Super Bowl), trailing only the Green Bay Packers (13 championships), the Chicago Bears

This is a document about American Football Conference
  Both the AFC and the NFC were created after the NFL merged with the American Football League (AFL) in 1970. The AFL began play in 1960 with eight teams, and added two more expansion clubs (the Miami Dolphins in 1966 and the Cincinnati Bengals in 1968) before the merger. In order to equalize the number of teams in each conference, three NFL teams that predated the AFL's launch (the Cleveland Browns, Pittsburgh Steelers, and the then-Baltimore Colts) joined the ten former AFL teams to form the AFC. The two AFL divisions AFL East and AFL West were more or less intact, while the NFL's Century Division, in which the Browns and the Steelers had played

This is a document about History of the Pittsburgh Steelers
  In May 1933, in anticipation of the repeal of some of Pennsylvania's restrictive laws in the fall of that year, Rooney applied for a franchise with the NFL. His request was granted on May 19, 1933, and the Pittsburgh Professional Football Club, Inc. joined the NFL in exchange for a US$2,500 franchise fee (roughly $0 in today's dollars). The new team was known as the Pirates in reference to their baseball club landlords at Forbes Field. Before settling on Forbes, Rooney considered playing at Greenlee Field, which housed the city's Negro league baseball club. Since the blue laws were not repealed until November's general election, the team was forced to play its first four home games on Wednesday nights. Rooney's new team was a study in frustration for many years: between 1933 and 1971, they posted a winning record only eight times, with a further six seasons at .500, and made the playoffs just once, in 1947, when they were shut out by Philadelphia.

This is a document about Timeline of Pittsburgh
  1976 ; January 18: Pittsburgh Steelers win Super Bowl X ; Dance Alloy troupe formed. ; The Pittsburgh Panthers football team claim their ninth national championship. ; 1977 ; Pittsburgh Triangles of World TeamTennis formally fold, as the Pennsylvania Keystones. ; Mattress Factory (art gallery) founded. ; Birmingham Bridge and East End Food Co-op open. ; Sri Venkateswara Temple consecrated near city. ; Pittsburgh Three Rivers Regatta begins. ; 1979 ; January 21: January 18: Pittsburgh Steelers win Super Bowl XIII ; Pamela's Diner in business. ; The Pittsburgh Colts, a minor league professional football team, is established. ; October 17: Pittsburgh Pirates

This is a document about Professional gridiron football
  Pirates when they joined the NFL in 1933, later renaming themselves the Steelers as part of a complicated franchise swap and abortive merger attempt in 1940. In 1939, NBC broadcast the first-ever televised Professional Football game from Ebbets Field, an October 22 contest between the Brooklyn Dodgers and the Philadelphia Eagles. There were two fixed monochrome iconoscope cameras and a single play-by-play commentator, Skip Walz. Although the NFL as a whole continued to play through World War II, the schedule was reduced, rosters were seriously impacted, and the Steelers were forced to merge operations with other NFL teams in 1943 and 1944, while the Cleveland Rams were forced to suspend operations in 1943.

This is a document about Timeline of Pittsburgh
  Robert Morris University is established. ; The Pittsburgh Keystones, a Negro league baseball team is revised and begins play. ; American football's J.P. Rooneys, the forerunners to the modern-day Pittsburgh Steelers, are established as "Hope-Harvey" by Art Rooney. ; August 8: The first part of the Boulevard of the Allies is dedicated. ; 1922 ; The Negro league baseball's Pittsburgh Keystones cease operations. ; 1923 ; The entire Boulevard of the Allies opened to traffic ; Centre Avenue YMCA opens. ; 1924 ; Liberty Tunnel and 40th Street Bridge open. ; 1925 ; September 1: Pitt Stadium opens. ; October 15: Pittsburgh Pirates win the

This is a document about Pittsburgh
   The city's professional team, NFL's Pittsburgh Steelers, is named after the distribution company the Pittsburgh Steeling company established in 1927. News of the team has preempted news of elections and other events, and are important to the region and its diaspora. The Steelers have been owned by the Rooney family since the team's founding in 1933, show consistency in coaching (only three coaches since the 1960s all with the same basic philosophy) and are noted as one of sports' most respectable franchises. The Steelers have a long waiting list for season tickets, and have sold out every home game since 1972. The team won four Super Bowls in a six-year span in the 1970s, a fifth Super Bowl in 2006, and a league record sixth Super Bowl in 2009. Since the

This is a document about Logos and uniforms of the Pittsburgh Steelers
  The Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League were founded in 1933. Over the course of the team's history, the team has had several logos while wearing virtually the same uniforms over the years, with subtle changes made to give the uniforms an updated look. The team colors, uniforms, and logo are often ranked as being among the best in the NFL.

The Pittsburgh Steelers joined the NFL in 1933.


Question: what was the first name of the chicago cubs

Answer: Chicago White Stockings

This is a document about History of the Chicago Cubs
  circulation through the 1905 season, along with Orphans and Remnants, depending on which newspaper or fan one spoke to. The name "Cubs" first appeared in print in 1902 and gained popularity over the next four years, before becoming the sole nickname in 1906 and acknowledged by the team itself in its 1907 World Series programs; the Cub-in-the-C logo first appeared on uniforms in 1908 and the name "Cubs" the following year. The old name, Chicago White Stockings, was adopted in 1900 by the new American Base Ball League entry on Chicago's south side, initially as a minor league entry. The AL turned major in 1901, and the south siders' adopted nickname was soon shortened by the press to Chicago White Sox.

This is a document about Chicago Cubs
  In 1902, Spalding, who by this time had revamped the roster to boast what would soon be one of the best teams of the early century, sold the club to Jim Hart. The franchise was nicknamed the Cubs by the Chicago Daily News in 1902, although not officially becoming the Chicago Cubs until the 1907 season. During this period, which has become known as baseball's dead-ball era, Cub infielders Joe Tinker, Johnny Evers, and Frank Chance were made famous as a double-play combination by Franklin P. Adams' poem "Baseball's Sad Lexicon." The poem first appeared in the July 18, 1910 edition of the New

This is a document about History of the Chicago Cubs
  The following is a franchise history of the Chicago Cubs of Major League Baseball, a charter member of the National League who started play in the National Association in 1870 as the Chicago White Stockings. The Chicago National League Ball Club is the only franchise to play continuously in the same city since the formation of the National League in 1876. They are the earliest formed active professional sports club in North America, predating the team now known as the Atlanta Braves by one year. In their early history, they were called in the press the White Stockings, Orphans, Infants, Remnants and Colts before officially becoming "Cubs" in 1907.

This is a document about Chicago Cubs
  The Cubs began playing in 1870 as the Chicago White Stockings, joining the National League (NL) in 1876 as a charter member. Owner William Hulbert signed multiple star players, such as pitcher Albert Spalding and infielders Ross Barnes, Deacon White, and Adrian "Cap" Anson, to join the team prior to the NL's first season. The White Stockings played their home games at West Side Grounds and quickly established themselves as one of the new league's top teams. Spalding won forty-seven games and Barnes led the league in hitting at .429 as Chicago won the first-ever National League pennant, which at the time was the game's top prize. After back-to-back pennants in 1880 and 1881, Hulbert died, and Spalding, who had retired to

This is a document about List of Chicago Cubs Opening Day starting pitchers
  The Chicago Cubs are a Major League Baseball franchise based in Chicago that plays in the National League Central division. In the history of the franchise, it has also played under the names Chicago White Stockings, Chicago Colts and Chicago Orphans. The first game of the new baseball season for a team is played on Opening Day, and being named the Opening Day starter is an honor, which is often given to the player who is expected to lead the pitching staff that season, though there are various strategic reasons why a team's best pitcher might not start on Opening Day. The Cubs have used 68 different starting pitchers

This is a document about List of Major League Baseball mascots
  On January 13, 2014, the Chicago Cubs announced that Clark, a "young, friendly Cub", would become the team's first official mascot in modern history. Clark was named after Clark Street, since the Cubs home field, Wrigley Field, is famously located at "Clark and Addison".

This is a document about List of Chicago Cubs managers
  The Chicago Cubs are a professional baseball team based in Chicago, Illinois. The Cubs are members of the National League (NL) Central Division in Major League Baseball (MLB). In baseball, the head coach of a team is called the manager, or more formally, the field manager. The duties of the team manager include team strategy and leadership on and off the field. Since their inception as the White Stockings in 1876, the Cubs have employed 61 managers. The franchise's first manager was Baseball Hall of Famer Albert Spalding, who helped the White Stockings become the first champions of the newly formed National League. After co-managing with Silver

This is a document about List of Chicago Cubs seasons
  The following lists the results of every season of the Chicago Cubs baseball club of Major League Baseball beginning in 1870 and continuing to 1876 as a charter member of the National League (NL). The White Stockings changed their name in 1890 to the Chicago Colts and again in 1898 to the Chicago Orphans until finally settling in 1903 with the name of the Chicago Cubs. While the organization Major League Baseball recognizes only seasons in select leagues from 1876 to the present as major league, many baseball historians consider major league baseball to have started earlier. Some include seasons from the National Association, and others include its predecessor organization, the National

This is a document about History of baseball team nicknames
  Daily News, was among the first to use the name of Cubs." (TSNBBG) The newspapers predominantly called the club the "Orphans" during 1898–1900. ; The few promising players on the club jumped to the new American League in 1901, including several to the White Sox. The erstwhile "Orphans" had so few good players left that the papers called them the "Remnants", as the 53–86 team's percentage would stand as the club's record low for the next 60 years. ; When Frank Selee took over the managerial reins in 1902, his youth program revived the older nickname, and the team was again called the

This is a document about List of Major League Baseball managers
   The Chicago Cubs franchise began as the Chicago White Stockings in 1876, with Albert Spalding as the franchise's inaugural manager. The team's second manager, Cap Anson, set team records in games managed (2,194), seasons managed (18), and wins (1,242). Frank Chance, part of the famous Tinker to Evers to Chance double-play combination—all of whom managed the franchise at some point—has the best winning percentage in club history (.664) and led the Cubs franchise to World Series victories in 1907 and 1908. During the early 1960s, owner Philip K. Wrigley utilized a "College of Coaches", using a rotating system of multiple managers

This is a document about Waco Cubs
  The earliest predicator to the Cubs were the Waco Navigators who played in the city from 1906 to 1919. The Cubs originated from a Texas League franchise from Galveston, Texas that was purchased by a businessman in 1924 and relocated to Waco the following year. The team name "Cubs" was chosen after a contest. In their first season, 1925, the Cubs played two exhibition games against the St. Louis Cardinals during spring training. The Detroit Tigers beat the Cubs 7–0 in an exhibition game in 1928. In 1929, the Cubs played an exhibition game against the New York Yankees drawing an estimated crowd of 11,000 despite the fact that Katy Park, the site of the event, could

This is a document about History of the Chicago Bears
  took Sternaman on as a full partner. Taking advantage of his good relationship with Chicago Cubs owner William Wrigley Jr. and president Bill Veeck Sr., Halas quickly secured a lease at Cubs Park, soon to be known as Wrigley Field. The Chicago Staleys stormed through the rest of the season, finishing 10-1-1 first league championship. In 1922, with the agreement to keep the Staley name lapsed, Halas decided to choose a new name for his team. He considered calling it the Cubs as a nod to how the baseball Cubs had helped him get settled in Chicago. However, he ultimately decided

This is a document about Chicago White Sox
   The White Sox originated as the Sioux City Cornhuskers of the Western League, a minor league under the parameters of the National Agreement with the National League. In 1894, Charles Comiskey bought the Cornhuskers and moved them to St. Paul, Minnesota, where they became the St. Paul Saints. In 1900, with the approval of Western League president Ban Johnson, Charles Comiskey moved the Saints into his hometown neighborhood of Armour Square, where they became the Chicago White Stockings, the former name of Chicago's National League team, the Orphans (now the Chicago Cubs). In 1901, the Western League broke the National Agreement and

This is a document about History of baseball team nicknames
  circle-C-UBS logo (which has been a steady fixture on uniforms and publications since 1937) until the late 1970s. The nickname "Cubbies", a diminutive of something already small or young, gained favor in large part due to Harry Caray's famous rendering of "Take Me Out to the Ball Game". Instead of drawing out the single-syllable "Cubs" into two syllables in place of "home team", Caray used "Cubbies" to make the line flow better. The Chicago Bears of the National Football League played their games at the Cubs' Wrigley Field from 1921 to 1970, and were renamed (from "Staleys") in honor of their hosts.

This is a document about List of Major League Baseball first-round draft picks
  The Chicago Cubs franchise began as the Chicago White Stockings in 1876, with Albert Spalding as the franchise's inaugural manager.

This is a document about List of Major League Baseball Opening Day starting pitchers
  The Chicago Cubs franchise began as the Chicago White Stockings in 1876, with Albert Spalding as the franchise's inaugural manager.

This is a document about Chicago Cubs
  in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first major league team to play in three consecutive World Series, and the first to win it twice. Most recently, the Cubs won the 2016 National League Championship Series and 2016 World Series, which ended a 71-year National League pennant drought and a 108-year World Series championship drought, both of which are record droughts in Major League Baseball. The 108-year drought was also the longest such occurrence in all major North American sports. Since the start of divisional play in 1969, the Cubs have appeared in the postseason 11 times through the 2020 season. The Cubs are known as "the North Siders", a reference to the location of Wrigley Field within the city of Chicago, and in contrast to the White Sox, whose home field (Guaranteed Rate Field) is located on the South Side. Through 2021, the franchise's all-time record is 11,087–10,521 (.513).

This is a document about South Side Park
  The second South Side Park was first the home of the Chicago Pirates entry in the Players' League of 1890 (whose roster included Charles Comiskey), and then was the home of the National League club now called the Chicago Cubs during parts of 1891–1893. In 1890, it was usually called Brotherhood Park in the local newspapers, as with several of the Players' League venues.  By 1890 the National League club had become generally known as "Anson's Colts". The new Players' League club co-opted the old nickname "White Stockings" and initially labeled their ballpark as "White Stocking Park". That name was soon replaced by "Brotherhood Park". Although the club

This is a document about Chicago Cubs
  The Chicago Cubs are an American professional baseball team based in Chicago. The Cubs compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as part of the National League (NL) Central division. They play home games at Wrigley Field, located on the city's North Side. The Cubs are one of two major league teams based in Chicago; the other, the Chicago White Sox, is a member of the American League (AL) Central division. The Cubs, first known as the White Stockings, were a founding member of the NL in 1876, becoming the Chicago Cubs in 1903. Throughout the club's history, the Cubs have played in a total of 11 World Series. The 1906 Cubs won 116 games, finishing 116–36 and posting a modern-era record winning percentage of .763, before losing the World Series to the Chicago White Sox ("The Hitless Wonders") by four games to two. The Cubs won back-to-back World Series

This is a document about List of baseball team nicknames
 The Cubbies - Familiar version of "Cubs". ; The Baby Bears - Referring to the meaning of cubs. ; The Little Bears - Referring to the meaning of cubs. ; The Blue Bears - Referring to the color of bear in its team logo. ; Go Cubs Go - An official team and victory song written by Steve Goodman in 1984 that becomes popular when Cubs are having success. ; The Loveable Losers - Reference to team's ability to maintain a loyal fan base despite decades of failure to win the pennant. ; The Northsiders - To differentiate from the South Side residing White Sox. ; The Northside Nine - Same as the previous. ; The Flubs - Referring to the Cubs team when failing expectations. ; The Boys of Zimmer - Refers to the NL East division-winning 1989 team managed by Don Zimmer and the 1972 book, The Boys of Summer by Roger Kahn. ; The Big Blue Train ; Chicago Orphans- Cap Anson was the first player credited with 3,000 hits. In 1897 he was released as player/manager after 22 seasons with the club.  After his departure they became known as the Orphans.

The first name of the Chicago Cubs was "White Stockings."


Question: who wrote the national anthem of new zealand

Answer: Thomas Bracken

This is a document about God Save the Queen
 Not on this land alone ; But be God's mercies known ; From shore to shore. ; Lord, make the nations see ; That we in liberty ; Should form one family ; The wide world o'er. "God Save the Queen" was the sole official national anthem until 1977 when "God Defend New Zealand" was added as a second. "God Save the Queen" is now most often only played when the sovereign, governor-general or other member of the Royal Family is present, or on some occasions such as Anzac Day. The Māori-language version was written by Edward Marsh Williams under the title, "E te atua tohungia te kuini". There is a special New Zealand verse in English which was once commonly sung to replace the second and third verses:

This is a document about European New Zealanders
 "God Defend New Zealand" is a national anthem of New Zealand - Created by the Irish-born composer Thomas Bracken, the song was first performed in 1876, and was sung in New Zealand as a patriotic song. It has equal status with "God Save the Queen" but "God Defend New Zealand" is more commonly used. It did not gain its status as an official anthem until 1977, following a petition to Parliament asking "God Defend New Zealand" to be made the national anthem in 1976. ; "God Save the Queen" - New Zealand's other official national anthem, and was the sole national anthem until 1977. "God Save the Queen" is also the national anthem of the United Kingdom and was adopted in 1745. It is now most often played only when the sovereign, Governor-General or other member of the Royal Family is present, or in other situations where a royal anthem would be used, or on some occasions such as Anzac Day. Another area of cultural influence are New Zealand Patriotic songs:

This is a document about National anthems of New Zealand
  "God Defend New Zealand" is a poem that was written by Thomas Bracken in the 1870s. It was set to music and first publicly performed in 1876. A Māori translation of the original English was produced in 1878 by Thomas Henry Smith. In 1940 the New Zealand Government bought the copyright and made it New Zealand's 'national hymn' in time for that year's centennial celebrations. It was used at the British Empire Games from 1950 onward, and at the Olympics from 1972. Following the performance at the Summer Olympics in Munich, a campaign began to have the hymn officially adopted as a national anthem. In 1976

This is a document about New Zealand literature
  In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, New Zealand nationalism began to emerge, with Pākehā writers adopting Māori stories and mythology. The term "Māoriland", proposed and often used as an alternative name for New Zealand around this time, became the centre of a literary movement in which colonialist writers were inspired by and adopted Māori traditions and legends. They were encouraged by a widespread belief among settlers that the Māori were a dying race who would not survive contact with Europeans. For example, Thomas Bracken's book Musings in Maoriland included the poem "New Zealand Hymn", which later became the New Zealand national anthem under the title "God Defend New Zealand". Bracken and other poets such

This is a document about National anthems of New Zealand
  "God Save the Queen" (alternatively "God Save the King" in the reign of a male monarch) was inherited from Britain when New Zealand was made a colony. In 1860 it was translated into Māori by Edward Marsh Williams, son of missionary Henry Williams, who had as a youth helped his father translate the Treaty of Waitangi. It remained the country's sole national anthem until 1977. As well as in Britain, the song is used in other Commonwealth realms (such as Australia, together with "Advance Australia Fair" ), but does not have co-official status as a national anthem in those countries—it is regarded solely as a 'royal anthem'. However, its usage in those countries is similar in practice to that of New Zealand, where "God Save the Queen" is now most often played only when the monarch, another member of the monarch's family or the governor-general is present, or in other situations where a royal anthem would be used.

This is a document about God Defend New Zealand
  "God Defend New Zealand" ("Aotearoa", meaning 'New Zealand') is one of two national anthems of New Zealand, the other being "God Save the Queen". Legally the two have equal status, but "God Defend New Zealand" is more commonly used. Originally written as a poem, it was set to music as part of a competition in 1876. Over the years its popularity increased, and it was eventually named the second national anthem in 1977. It has English and Māori lyrics, with slightly different meanings. Since the late 1990s, the usual practice when performed in public is to perform the first verse of the national anthem twice, first in Māori and then in English.

This is a document about God Defend New Zealand
  conference. In 1976 Garth Henry Latta from Dunedin presented a petition to Parliament asking "God Defend New Zealand" to be made the national anthem. With the permission of Queen Elizabeth II, the government of Robert Muldoon gazetted the song as the country's second national anthem on 21 November 1977, on equal standing with "God Save the Queen". An alternative official arrangement for massed singing by Maxwell Fernie was announced by the Minister of Internal Affairs, Allan Highet on 31 May 1979. Woods' original score was written in the key of A-flat major (concert pitch) and was better suited for solo

This is a document about National anthems of New Zealand
  petition was presented to Parliament asking "God Defend New Zealand" to be made the national anthem. With the permission of Queen Elizabeth II, it was gazetted as the country's second national anthem on 21 November 1977, on equal standing with "God Save the Queen". New Zealand was the first of the current Commonwealth realms to officially adopt a national anthem separate from "God Save the Queen". Until the 1990s only the first verse of the English version was commonly sung; it has since been common to sing in both English and Māori. The first verse is sung in Māori then it is repeated in English.

This is a document about How Great Thou Art
  In New Zealand, the hymn tune is most widely known through a different hymn called Whakaaria Mai. The Māori verses were composed by Canon Wiremu Te Tau Huata, who served as a chaplain during WWII for the 28th (Māori) Battalion and composed many famous waiata. While set to the music of How Great Thou Art, and often combined with the English version of this hymn, the Māori lyrics are instead a loose translation of the hymn Abide with Me. The hymn was popularised by Sir Howard Morrison, who sung it at the Royal Command Performance in 1981 upon the occasion of the visit of Queen Elizabeth II to New Zealand. When Morrison released it as a single in 1982, Whakaaria Mai spent six months in the New Zealand national charts, including

This is a document about God Defend New Zealand
  "God Defend New Zealand" was written as a poem in the 1870s by Irish-born, Victorian-raised immigrant Thomas Bracken of Dunedin. A competition to compose music for the poem was held in 1876 by The Saturday Advertiser and judged by three prominent Melbourne musicians, with a prize of ten guineas. The winner of the competition was the Vandemonian-born John Joseph Woods of Lawrence, Otago, who composed the melody in a single sitting the evening after finding out about the competition. The song was first performed at the Queen's Theatre, Princes Street in Dunedin, on Christmas Day, 1876. In February 1878, sheet music

This is a document about Aotearoa
 Aotearoa is an overture composed in 1940 by Douglas Lilburn. ; The Land of the Long White Cloud, subtitled Aotearoa, is a piece composed in 1979 by Philip Sparke for brass band or wind band. ; "Aotearoa" is the Māori version of "God Defend New Zealand", a national anthem of New Zealand. ; Split Enz refer to Aotearoa in their 1982 song 'Six Months in a Leaky Boat'.

This is a document about Music of New Zealand
  to New Zealand including brass bands and choral music, and musicians began touring New Zealand in the 1860s. Pipe bands became widespread during the early 20th century. In recent decades, a number of popular artists have gone on to achieve international success including Lorde, Split Enz, Crowded House, OMC, Bic Runga, Benee, Kimbra, Ladyhawke, The Naked and Famous, Fat Freddy's Drop, Savage, Gin Wigmore, Keith Urban, Flight of the Conchords, and Brooke Fraser. New Zealand has a national orchestra, the New Zealand Symphony Orchestra, and many regional orchestras. A number of New Zealand composers have developed international reputations. The best-known include Douglas Lilburn, John Psathas, Jack Body, Gillian Whitehead, Jenny McLeod, Gareth Farr, and Ross Harris.

This is a document about Aotearoa (overture)
  The title of the overture (Aotearoa) is taken from the Māori name for New Zealand. Lilburn wrote the overture while he was still a student at London's Royal College of Music, and it was premiered at a concert held to commemorate the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi at His Majesty's Theatre in London. It was not performed in New Zealand until 1959, but it has since entered the country's standard orchestral repertory. Typical of Lilburn's early work, the overture features idiomatic writing for winds, especially flutes, and vigorous dynamic contrasts. Composer Jack Body has said that the work "is the most frequently performed orchestral work by a New Zealand composer, and is likely to remain so". Many commercial recordings have been made of the work; for example, Symphony of Sails performed by Auckland Philharmonia Orchestra, conducted by Miguel Harth-Bedoya in 2002. In 2011, the manuscript score was entered into the UNESCO Memory of the World Register. It was the first item from the National Library of New Zealand to be added to the collection.

This is a document about National anthems of New Zealand
  New Zealand is one of only two countries in the world—the other being Denmark—with two official national anthems of equal status. The traditional anthem "God Save the Queen" is generally used only on royal and viceregal occasions. "God Defend New Zealand" is more commonly used on occasions when the national identity of New Zealand is the focus, such as sports events, where it is sung with English and Māori verses. On a few occasions both anthems may be used.

This is a document about God's Own Country
  The earliest recorded use of the phrase as applied to New Zealand was as the title of a poem about New Zealand written by Thomas Bracken. It was published in a book of his poems in 1890, and again in 1893 in a book entitled Lays and Lyrics: God's Own Country and Other Poems. God's Own Country as a phrase was often used and popularised by New Zealand's longest serving prime minister, Richard John Seddon. He last quoted it on 10 June 1906 when he sent a telegram to the Victorian premier, Thomas Bent, the day before leaving Sydney to return home to New Zealand. "Just leaving for God's own country," he wrote. He never made it, dying the next day on the ship Oswestry Grange. Bracken's God's Own Country is less well known internationally than God Defend New Zealand, which he published in 1876. The latter poem, set to music by John Joseph Woods, was declared the country's national hymn in 1940, and made the second national anthem of New Zealand along with God Save the Queen in 1977. In recent times the form Godzone on its own has been used informally of New Zealand.

This is a document about God Save the Queen
  "God Save the Queen", alternatively "God Save the King" (dependent on the gender of the reigning monarch), is the national or royal anthem in most Commonwealth realms, their territories, and the British Crown dependencies. The author of the tune is unknown, and it may originate in plainchant; but an attribution to the composer John Bull is sometimes made. "God Save the Queen" is the de facto national anthem of the United Kingdom, and one of two national anthems used by New Zealand since 1977, as well as for several of the UK's territories that have their own additional local anthem. It is also the royal anthem – played specifically in

This is a document about John Joseph Woods
  for his poem to assume the status of national anthem, and it was Woods who had consistently used the word "anthem" where Bracken referred to it as "hymn". Being a choirmaster, Woods' focus in composing the melody was to make it simple and easy for children to sing. This proved to aid its success when the Premier George Grey visited Lawrence on 11 March 1878 and was welcomed by six hundred local schoolchildren singing what was by then beginning to be labelled as the "national anthem". Grey was very taken by the music and immediately sent a telegram to Bracken congratulating him: "I have just heard for the first time, by 600 children at Lawrence, your 'New Zealand anthem'. I admire it exceedingly."

This is a document about Aotearoa
  lie behind the claimed increasing geographic size of the region purported to be Aotearoa. While many Maori throughout New Zealand may have been in support of the King Movement’s general aims, most were far too independent to kowtow to its mana. At least one acerbic commentator noted Tawhiao’s nation-wide "constitution" for "the Maori Kingdom of Aotearoa" amounted only to "practically what is termed the King country". Thomas Bracken's New Zealand anthem of 1878 was translated into Māori by T.H. Smith. New Zealand he called Aotearoa. This meaning was further entrenched with W.P. Reeves' 1898 history of New Zealand with the title "Aotearoa: The Long White Cloud". James Cowan's 1907 version is entitled

This is a document about God Defend New Zealand
  published. A Māori version of the song was produced in 1878 by Thomas Henry Smith of Auckland, a judge in the Native Land Court, on request of Premier George Edward Grey. A copy of the Māori lyrics, using Aotearoa for its title, was printed in Otago newspapers in October 1878. In Smith's original text the word "whakarangona" was used to translate 'hear', rather than the modern "whakarongona". In 1897, Premier Richard Seddon presented a copy of words and music to Queen Victoria. The song became increasingly popular during the early 20th century, and in 1940 the New Zealand government bought the

This is a document about Tūtira Mai Ngā Iwi
  Huata wrote "Tūtira Mai Ngā Iwi" while part of an Ecumenical Movement in the late 1950s. He was driving from Wairoa, Hawke's Bay with his children and passed Lake Tūtira. He would sing the lyrics and his children would repeat them, learning it as they drove to Napier. The waiata eventually grew in popularity through Huata performing it in churches and Bible classes. By the 1960s, the New Zealand government's Ministry of Education picked up the waiata and started publishing it for use in New Zealand's schools without Huata's consent and didn't credit him as the author. As a result after 50 years of being used in schools, his daughter revealed that some of the lyrics were published incorrectly. On 28 May 2020 the song was published on YouTube, performed by members of the navy, army and airforce bands in a musical partnership between the New Zealand and United States armed forces. The song's composer was Wiremu Te Tau Huata who was a New Zealand military chaplain to the 28th Maori Battalion. His whānau gave permission for the waiata to be used.

Thomas Bracken wrote the lyrics of the New Zealand national anthem, "God Defend New Zealand," in the 1870s. The music was composed by John Thomas in the 1860s.


Question: who won gold medal for india in rio para olympics

Answer: Devendra Jhajharia

This is a document about India at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
  India competed at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 7 to 18 September 2016. Indian athletes have appeared in every edition of the Summer Paralympic Games since 1968 (except 1976 & 1980 edition). On August 8, 2016 Paralympic Committee of India announced a list of 19 competitors (16 Men & 3 Women) to be part of Rio 2016 paralympic games for India in 5 sports. India has sent its largest ever delegation in the history of summer paralympic games i.e.19 competitors in 5 sports. it has been India's best ever performance in the history of the summer Paralympic games with a total of 4 medals won ( 2 Gold, 1 Silver and 1 Bronze ) with Devendra Jhajharia breaking the World Record to win a gold medal at the Paralympics.Till this, India have won 4 Gold, 4 Silver and 4 Bronze from 1968 to 2016 over 48 years of India's Paralympic history. Mariyappan Thangavelu is the first gold medallist for India in 2016 Paralympics.

This is a document about Deepa Malik
  Deepa Malik is the first Indian woman to win a medal at the Paralympics. She won the silver medal in the shot put in 2016 Paralympic Games. She was previously honored with the Arjuna award in 2012, at the age of 42 years. She has also been conferred the prestigious Padma Shri award in 2017. She created a New Asian Record in Asian Para Games 2018 and is the only Indian woman to win medals in 3 consecutive Asian Para Games (2010, 2014, 2018). She has won 58 national & 23 International medals across all disciplines to date.

This is a document about 2016 in Indian sport
  Medalist at 2016 Rio Paralympics

This is a document about Nishad Kumar
  He took up the sport of para-athletics in 2009. In November 2019, he won the bronze medal in the men's T47 category at the 2019 World Para Athletics Championships and, as a result, he qualified to compete at the 2020 Summer Paralympics. He won the gold medal in T46 category at the 2021 World Para Athletics Grand Prix which was held in Dubai. He also became the second Indian to win a medal at the 2020 Summer Paralympics after Bhavina Patel when he clinched a silver in the T47 category high jump event along with an Asian Record. He incredibly shared the silver medal with Dallas Wise of USA who also cleared the same distance of 2.06m.

This is a document about R. D. Singh
  has three paralympics gold medals. ; Jagseer Singh (Arjun Award Winner) - Gold medalist in Asian Para Games for India. ; Sandeep Singh Maan (Arjun Award Winner) - Youngest athlete who won a silver medal in Asian Para Games. ; Deepa Malik (Arjun Award Winner) - Only athlete who won a silver medal in IPC Athletics World Championships. He was trained by R. D. Singh in his early years. ; Jagdeep Singh - He is nephew of Dronacharya R.D. Singh and now he is playing in the Indian basketball team. He was trained by R. D. Singh in his early years.

This is a document about India at the Paralympics
  in javelin throw and Rajinder Singh Rahelu won bronze for powerlifting in the 56-kg category. In 2016 Games, Deepa Malik won a silver medal in Shot Put to become the first Indian woman to win a Parlaympics medal. The 2020 Games saw India's best-ever medal haul with a total of 19 medals (5 Gold, 8 Silver and 6 Bronze). This result was better than the medal haul of 12 medals of all previous Paralympics appearances combined. The games also had India's best ever participation yet with 54 athletes (40 men, 14 women) across nine sports. It was India's best performance by an overall ranking of 24 (among 162 nations; including Refugee Paralympic Team and Russian Paralympic Committee). Shooter Avani Lekhara

This is a document about India at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
  Jhajharia won consecutive medals in their respective category (they both won gold in Rio 2016). They both won silver medals. Devendra's silver at the Tokyo Games took his overall individual tally to three medals and he's now level with legendary Paralympian Joginder Singh Bedi who also has three medals to his name at the Paralympic Games. In Javelin throw F64 another Indian Sumit Antil won agold medal (68.55 m) with new world record. Indian discus thrower Vinod Kumar lost his F52 category bronze medal after being found ineligible in the disability classification assessment. Mariyappan Thangavelu was originally the flag bearer but because of quarantine, the flag bearer was changed to Tek Chand.

This is a document about Avani Lekhara
  Lekhara is the first Indian woman to win a Paralympic gold medal. Lekhara also won India's first gold medal at the 2020 Summer Paralympics. With a score of 249.6 points in the final event, the young shooter set a Paralympic record and tied the world record. She began shooting in 2015, inspired by former Olympic champion Abhinav Bindra and has since won several national and international titles. On 3 September 2021, she became the first Indian female Paralympian to win two medals in Paralympics history after claiming bronze in women's 50m air rifle standing event. She is currently coached by Indian shooter Suma Shirur.

This is a document about India at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
  the first Indian woman to win a gold medal and become multiple medalist in Paralympics. Another shooter Singhraj Adhana won two medals - Silver in Mixed 50m pistol SH1 category and Bronze in Men's 10m air rifle SH1 category. Archer Harvinder Singh became the first Indian to win a medal in Archery at the olympics (Paralympic). He won a bronze medal in Men's Recurve Individual. In badminton Indian shuttler won a record number of medals including two golds (Pramod Bhagat - Men's singles SL3, Krishna Nagar - Men's singles SH6) one silver (Suhas Yathiraj - Men's Singles Badminton SL4) and one bronze (Manoj Sarkar - Men's Singles Badminton SL3). Mariyappan Thangavelu and

This is a document about Malathi Krishnamurthy Holla
  Malathi Krishnamurthy Holla is an international para athlete from India. She was awarded Arjuna award and Padma Shri for her achievements. She was born on 6 July 1958 in kota, Karnataka, India. Her father Krishnamurthy Holla ran a small hotel, while her mother Padmavathi Holla took care of their four children. Malathi was paralyzed by polio when she was one year old. Electric shock treatment for more than two years improved her upper body strength. Having won over 389 gold medals, 27 Silver medals and 5 bronze medals. Malathi was conferred the prestigious Arjuna and Padma Shri awards. She represented India in the Paralympics held in

This is a document about Rinku (athlete)
  Rinku competed in Rio in the same category as fellow Indian Para athlete and 2004 Paralympic Games Gold medallist Devendra Jhajharia. He came fifth, securing a new personal best of 54.39m.

This is a document about Athletics in India
   India first sent athletes at the 1968 Paralympic Games and won its first medals in 1984, when Joginder Singh Bedi won medals in three throwing events and Bhimrao Kesarkar took the javelin silver medal. Devendra Jhajharia became the nation's first Paralympic athletics champion in 2004, and only the second Indian to win in any Paralympic sport, after the swimmer Murlikant Petkar. The 2016 Summer Paralympics marked a new high for India as it win four medals, all in athletics: Mariyappan Thangavelu (high jump) and Devendra Jhajharia (javelin) won their events, Varun Singh Bhati took high jump bronze and Deepa Malik became India's first female Paralympic medallist with her shot put silver.

This is a document about Pooja Khanna
  The Rio 2016 Paralympics marked the first time in history that an Indian athlete competed in the Para-archery event. Her journey to Rio started with a lot of hardships. It wasn't just her disability or her caste, but the high costing of the sport as well. Archery is touted to be as one of the costliest Olympic sports. For her training she also needed an elite-level coach and enough equipment. She had to manage for her housing, food, travel expenses, both inter-country and international as well. After escaping all the possible barriers, she finally made it to Rio for the event Recurve Individual Open. She made it till the Round 32 of the event where she was pitted against Poland's Milena Olszewska. The match had 4 sets, which started with Milena scoring 25 to Pooja's 22. The second set finished with Milena's 23 to Pooja's 21. In the third set, Pooja scored more than Milena which was 25–24. In the fourth set, Milena again defeated Pooja by scoring 23–22. Pooja's overall score lead to her exit from her Olympics journey. Pooja got the 29th spot out of all the 32 participants, whereas, Milena finished with securing the 4th spot.

This is a document about Dipa Karmakar
  with an overall score of 15.066. In July 2018, Karmakar became the first Indian gymnast to win a gold medal at a global event, when she finished first in the vault event of the FIG Artistic Gymnastics World Challenge Cup at Mersin, Turkey. Karmakar is one of the only five women who have successfully landed the Produnova, which is regarded as the most difficult vault of those currently being performed in women's gymnastics. Karmakar is a recipient of the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award in the Republic of India. For her performance in Rio Olympics 2016, the Government of India conferred upon her the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna award in August 2016.

This is a document about India at the Paralympics
  two medals - gold in 10m Air Rifle SH1 and bronze in 50m Rifle 3 Positions SH1. Thus, she became the first Indian woman to win an individual gold medal and first woman multi-medalist. Shooter Singhraj Adhana also won two medals - silver in 50m Pistol SH1 and bronze in 10m Air Pistol SH1 categories. Para-badminton player Suhas Lalinakere Yathiraj became the first civil servant to win a Paralympic medal, a silver in SL4 category. In 2020 Games, Vinod Kumar initially clinched a bronze medal in the men's discus throw F52 category event. However, other competitors raised questions about his disability and was subsequently designated as "Classification not Completed". His performance was disqualified, resulting in the loss of his medal.

This is a document about India at the 2016 Summer Olympics
  artistic gymnastics. The Indian roster featured three Olympic medalists from London, including badminton star Saina Nehwal, freestyle wrestler and four-time Olympian Yogeshwar Dutt, and rifle shooter Gagan Narang. Tennis ace and 1996 bronze medalist Leander Paes topped the roster lineup by competing at his record seventh Olympics, while air rifle marksman Abhinav Bindra, who became the nation's first and only individual gold medalist in history (2008), led the Indian delegation as the flag bearer in the opening ceremony at his fifth consecutive Games. Other notable Indian athletes also included tennis player Sania Mirza in the women's doubles, artistic gymnast and Commonwealth Games bronze medalist Dipa Karmakar, and multiple-time world medalist Jitu Rai in men's pistol shooting. India left Rio de Janeiro

This is a document about Gymnastics in India
  Olympics, she became the first Indian gymnast to do so and also hours after her qualification at 2016 Gymnastics Olympic Test Event she clinched a gold medal in the Women's vault event stunning Oksana Chusovitina with her Prudunova again who came second to her. On 6 July 2016, FIG honored Dipa by naming her World Class Gymnast. At Rio Olympics, she achieved 4th place in vaults. After a long break due to injury when she ran for vaults and landed with a gold at World Challenge Cup series. Her medal is one of the first medals won by any Indian at the Artistic Gymnastics World Cup, second only to Aruna Reddy's bronze for individual vaults at FIG Artistic Gymnastics World Cup Melbourne.

This is a document about Gopichand Badminton Academy
 Saina Nehwal who was ranked 1 in the women's singles category, Olympic Bronze Medalist. ; P. V. Sindhu, who is ranked 6 currently in women's singles category, was ranked 2 and the only Indian female to win Olympic medal twice Silver in 2016 Rio and bronze in 2020 Tokyo, Japan. ; Srikanth Kidambi, who was ranked 1 in the men's singles category. ; Parupalli Kashyap, who is formerly ranked 6 in the men's singles category. ; Prannoy Kumar, who was ranked 8 in the men's singles category. ; Sameer Verma, who was ranked 11 in men's singles category. ; B. Sai Praneeth, who is ranked 11 in men's singles

This is a document about Deepa Malik
  Deepa Malik (born 30 September 1970) is an Indian athlete. She started her career at the age of 30. She is the first Indian woman to win a medal in Paralympic Games and won a silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in shot put. She also won gold in the F-53/54 Javelin event at the para athletic Grand Prix held in Dubai in 2018. She is currently the world number one in the F-53 category. She has won accolades for her participation in various adventure sports. She is associated with Himalayan Motorsports Association (H.M.A.) and Federation of Motor Sports Clubs of India (F.M.S.C.I.). She has undertaken an

This is a document about India at the Paralympics
  India made its Summer Paralympic debut at the 1968 Games, competed again in 1972, and then was absent until the 1984 Games. The country has participated in every edition of the Summer games since then. It has never participated in the Winter Paralympic Games. India's first medal in Paralympics came in 1972 Games, with Murlikant Petkar winning a gold medal in swimming. India's best finish yet has been in the 2020 Games, at 24th place with a medal haul of 19 medals (5 gold, 8 silver and 6 bronze).

Deepa Malik won the gold medal for India in the Rio Paralympics in the women's shot put event.


Question: what type of bird is on mexico 's flag

Answer: eagle

This is a document about National symbols of Mexico
  Chimalpahin Cuauhtlehuanitzin, the eagle is devouring something, but it is not mentioned what it is. Still other versions show the eagle clutching the Aztec symbol of war, the Atl-Tlachinolli glyph, or "burning water". The bird featured on the Mexican coat of arms is the golden eagle. This bird is known in Spanish as águila real (literally, "royal eagle"). In 1960, the Mexican ornithologist Martín del Campo identified the eagle in the pre-Hispanic codex as a crested caracara or "quebrantahuesos", a species common in Mexico (although the name "eagle" is taxonomically incorrect, as the caracara is a type of falcon). Even so, the prickly pear cactus is considered the Mexican plant for official purposes, and for the same reason is considered the official cactus of Mexico.

This is a document about Flag of Mexico
  The flag of Mexico (Bandera de México) is a vertical tricolor of green, white, and red with the national coat of arms charged in the center of the white stripe. While the meaning of the colors has changed over time, these three colors were adopted by Mexico following independence from Spain during the country's War of Independence, and subsequent First Mexican Empire. The form of the coat of arms was most recently revised in 1968, but the overall design has been used since 1821, when the First National Flag was created. Red, white, and green are the colors of the national army in Mexico. The central emblem is the Mexican coat of arms, based on the Aztec symbol for Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City), the center of the Aztec empire. It recalls the legend of an eagle sitting on a cactus

This is a document about Crested caracara
  The Mexican ornithologist Rafael Martín del Campo proposed that the northern caracara was probably the sacred "eagle" depicted in several pre-Columbian Aztec codices as well as the Florentine Codex. This imagery was adopted as a national symbol of Mexico, and is seen on the flag, among other places. Since the paintings were interpreted as showing the golden eagle, it became the national bird.

This is a document about Guadalajara Zoo
  is not a local species. ; Mara- Displayed in the Noturnarium as a "visitor", since it is not a local species. ; Ostrich ; Cassowary ; Golden eagle - The largest bird cage in the zoo belongs to the golden eagle, the species that appears in the Mexican coat of arms. The cage has a nopal cactus, the same plant in which the eagle perches in the coat of arms. ; Scarlet, blue and yellow and military macaws ; Yellow-headed amazon ; Hornbill ; Emu ; American rhea ; Peacock - common in the entire park. It has (or had)

This is a document about Aridoamerica
  mexicanus), peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), gray hawk (Buteo plagiatus), barn owl (Tyto alba), the western screech owl (Megascops kennicottii), whiskered screech-owl (Megascops trichopsis), great horned owl (Bubo virginianus), long-eared owl (Asio otus), elf owl (Micrathene whitneyi), ferruginous pygmy-owl (Glaucidium brasilianum), and burrowing owl, (Athene cunicularia). among many others. Other bird species include the turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) and black vulture (Coragyps atratus); the northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) and its close relative the pyrrhuloxia (Cardinalis sinuous); the blue grosbeak (Passerina caerulea) and black-headed grosbeak (Pheucticus melanocephalus); the varied bunting (Passerina versicolor), house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus), and lesser goldfinch (Spinus psaltria); the broad-billed

This is a document about Plants of the Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve
  be made of the presence of endangered or useful endemic species. So far 110 mammal species have been reported, including the Mexican vole subspecies Microtus mexicanus neveriae, the pocket gopher Cratogeomys gymnurus russelli, the oncilla, jaguarandi, ocelot, puma, bobcat, jaguar and four species of nectarivorous bats. There are 336 bird species which have been reported, among them are 36 which are endemic to Mexico, such as the charismatic species: crested guan (Penelope purpurascens), military macaw (Ara militaris), red-lored amazon (Amazona autumnalis) and the Mexican national symbol, the golden eagle. In terms of herpetofauna, 85 species have been recorded; of these 13 are endemic to the western and central region of Mexico: rattlesnake, black iguana, frog Shyrrhopus

This is a document about Chihuahua (state)
  viridis, ridge-nosed rattlesnake Crotalus willardi, whip snake Masticophis flagellum, New Mexico whiptail Aspidoscelis neomexicanus, and red-spotted toad Bufo punctatus. The state is also a host to a large population of birds which include endemic species and migratory species: greater roadrunner Geococcyx californianus, cactus wren Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus, Mexican jay Aphelocoma ultramarina, Steller's jay Cyanocitta stelleri, acorn woodpecker Melanerpes formicivorus, canyon towhee Pipilo fuscus, mourning dove Zenaida macroura, broad-billed hummingbird Cynanthus latirostris, Montezuma quail Cyrtonyx montezumae, mountain trogon Trogon mexicanus, turkey vulture Cathartes aura, and golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos. Trogon mexicanus is an endemic species found in the mountains in Mexico and has symbolic significance to Mexicans.

This is a document about Flag of Mexico
  devouring a serpent that signaled to the Aztecs where to found their city, Tenochtitlan. A ribbon in the national colors is at the bottom of the coat of arms. Throughout history, the flag has changed several times, as the design of the coat of arms and the length-width ratios of the flag have been modified. However, the coat of arms has had the same features throughout: an eagle, holding a serpent in its talon, is perched on top of a prickly pear cactus; the cactus is situated on a rock that rises above a lake. The current law of national symbols, Law on the National Arms, Flag, and Anthem, that governs the use of the national flag has been in place since 1984. The current national flag is also used as the Mexican naval ensign by ships registered in Mexico.

This is a document about National symbols of Mexico
   The national symbols of Mexico are the flag, the coat of arms and the anthem. The flag is a vertical tricolor of green, white, and red. The coat of arms features a golden eagle eating a snake on top of a cactus.

This is a document about Coat of arms of Mexico
  In 1960, the Mexican ornithologist Rafael Martín del Campo identified the eagle in the pre-Hispanic codex as the crested caracara or "quebrantahuesos" (bonebreaker), a species common in Mexico (although the name "eagle" is taxonomically incorrect, as the caracara is in the falcon family). The golden eagle is considered the official bird of Mexico. When Father Durán introduced the snake, it was originally an aquatic serpent. But in 1917, the serpent was changed to be a rattlesnake, because it was more common than the aquatic varieties in pre-Hispanic illustrations. As a result of this, the design and color of the snake on the modern coat of arms do not correspond with those of any species of snake, and were inspired by the representations of Quetzalcoatl, a rattlesnake with quetzal feathers.

This is a document about Pre-Columbian Mexico
  While different standards and flags were used during the pre-Hispanic period, the viceroyalty, and the Mexican War of Independence, the modern flag has its origins in the flag of the Army of the Three Guarantees in 1821. Today it consists of a rectangle with a green stripe on the left (signifying the Independence Movement), a white stripe in the middle (originally signifying the purity of the Catholic faith), and a red stripe on the right (signifying the blood of the fighters). There is a coat of arms in the center. The coat of arms represents the legendary founding of the city of Tenochtitlan. According to legend, the gods had advised the Aztecs that they should establish their city when they saw an eagle, perched on a prickly pear tree, devouring a serpent; after years of wandering, they found such an eagle on an island in Lake Texcoco, in what was to become the main plaza of Mexico City. The flag has undergone several changes since 1821; the last was in 1968.

This is a document about Coat of arms of Mexico
  The coat of arms of Mexico (Escudo Nacional de México, literally "national shield of Mexico") depicts a Mexican (golden) eagle perched on a prickly pear cactus devouring a rattlesnake. The design is rooted in the legend that the Aztec people would know where to build their city once they saw an eagle eating a snake on top of a lake. The image has been an important symbol of Mexican politics and culture for centuries. To the people of Tenochtitlan, this symbol had strong religious connotations, and to the Europeans, it came to symbolize the triumph of good over evil (with the snake sometimes representative

This is a document about Opuntia
   The coat of arms of Mexico depicts a Mexican golden eagle, perched upon an Opuntia cactus, holding a rattlesnake. According to the official history of Mexico, the coat of arms is inspired by an Aztec legend regarding the founding of Tenochtitlan. The Aztecs, then a nomadic tribe, were wandering throughout Mexico in search of a divine sign to indicate the precise spot upon which they were to build their capital. Their god Huitzilopochtli had commanded them to find an eagle devouring a snake, perched atop a cactus that grew on a rock submerged in a lake. After 200 years of wandering,

This is a document about Niphadophylax mexicanus
  The species name refers to the country of Mexico.

This is a document about Ophiophagy
 The mythic associations of snakes are discussed at Serpent (symbolism). A snake-eating bird of prey appears in a legend of the Mexican people, who gave rise to the Aztec empire, and it is represented in the Mexican flag: The Mexicas, guided by their god Huitzilopochtli, sought a place where the bird landed on a prickly pear cactus, devouring a snake. They found the sign on an island in Lake Texcoco, where they erected the city of Tenochtitlan ("Place of the Prickly Pear Cactus" – present-day Mexico City) in 1325. (In the coat of arms of Mexico this bird is depicted as a golden eagle, though it is often said to be a crested caracara. It is also possible that the bird was a laughing falcon or snake hawk, a bird of prey which feeds almost exclusively on snakes.) The

This is a document about List of birds of the Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve
  bats. Three hundred and thirty-six species of birds have been reported, among them thirty-six which are endemic to Mexico, such as the charismatic species: the crested guan (Penelope purpurascens), the military macaw (Ara militaris), the red-lored amazon (Amazona autumnalis) and the Mexican national symbol, the golden eagle. In terms of herpetofauna, 85 species have been recorded. Of these it is known that 13 are endemic to the western and central region of Mexico: the rattlesnake, the black iguana, the frog Shyrrhopus modestus, the beaded lizard (Heloderma horridum) and the Autlan rattlesnake (Crotalus lannomi), an endemic species only reported for the area of Puerto de Los Mazos. Of the 16 species of fish identified, 13 are native and four are endemic to the region.

This is a document about Mexican featherwork
  as well. Bernardino de Sahagún made a list of the species used for fine feathers, many of which are now either threatened or locally extinct. These include the mountain trogon, lovely cotinga, roseate spoonbill, squirrel cuckoo, red-legged honeycreeper, emerald toucanet, agami heron, russet-crowned motmot, turquoise-browed motmot, blue grosbeak, golden eagle, great egret, military macaw, scarlet macaw, yellow-headed amazon, Montezuma oropendola and the over 53 species of hummingbird found in Mexico. In Aztec society, the class that created feather objects was called the amanteca, named after the Amantla neighborhood in Tenochtitlan where they lived and worked. The amanteca had their own god, Coyotlinahual,

This is a document about Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve
  birds have been reported, among them 36 which are endemic to Mexico, such as the charismatic species: the crested guan (Penelope purpurascens), the military macaw (Ara militaris), the red-lored amazon (Amazona autumnalis), and the Mexican national symbol, the golden eagle. Eighty-five species of amphibians and reptiles have been recorded; of these it is known that 13 are endemic to the western and central region of Mexico: the rattlesnake, the black iguana, the frog Shyrrhopus modestus, the beaded lizard (Heloderma horridum) and the Autlan rattlesnake (Crotalus lannomi), an endemic species only reported for the area of Puerto de Los Mazos. Of the 16 species of fish identified, 13 are native and four of these are endemic to the region.

This is a document about Aztecs
  Mexican flag retained the emblematic eagle and cactus, with elaborate symbols of monarchy. After the defeat of the French and their Mexican collaborators, the Mexican Republic was re-established, and the flag returned to its republican simplicity. This emblem has also been adopted as Mexico's national Coat of Arms, and is emblazoned on official buildings, seals, and signs. Tensions within post-independence Mexico pitted those rejecting the ancient civilizations of Mexico as source of national pride, the Hispanistas, mostly politically conservative Mexican elites, and those who saw them as a source of pride, the Indigenistas, who were mostly liberal Mexican elites. Although the flag of the Mexican Republic had

This is a document about List of birds of the Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve
 Cinclus mexicanus: mirlo acuático norteamericano, American dipper

The bird on Mexico's flag is the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos).