Question: who won pairs figure skating in olympics 2018

Answer: Aliona Savchenko and Bruno Massot

This is a document about Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Pair skating
  The pair skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The short program was held on 14 February and the free skating on 15 February 2018. Aljona Savchenko and Bruno Massot became Olympic champions after finishing fourth in the short program and setting a record with their score in the free program to take the gold by 0.43 points. Sui Wenjing and Han Cong, leading after the short program, made a couple of mistakes in the free program and won silver. Meagan Duhamel and Eric Radford were third. This was the second Olympics since 1964 that a Soviet or Russian pair did not win a medal. Chinese judges Chen Weiguang and Huang Feng were investigated by the ISU and banned for mark manipulation.

This is a document about 2018 in ice sports
 February 9 – 23: Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics in 🇰🇷 Pyeongchang ; Men's winners: 🇯🇵 Yuzuru Hanyu;  🇯🇵 Shoma Uno;  🇪🇸 Javier Fernández ; Ladies' winners:  Alina Zagitova;   Evgenia Medvedeva;  🇨🇦 Kaetlyn Osmond ; Pairs winners: 🇩🇪 (Aliona Savchenko & Bruno Massot);  🇨🇳 (Sui Wenjing & Han Cong);  🇨🇦 (Meagan Duhamel & Eric Radford) ; Ice dance winners: 🇨🇦 (Tessa Virtue & Scott Moir) (World Record);  🇫🇷 (Gabriella Papadakis & Guillaume Cizeron);  🇺🇸 (Maia Shibutani & Alex Shibutani) ; Team winners: ;  ;

This is a document about 2019 in ice sports
  Vladimir Morozov) ; Ice Dance winners: 🇷🇺 (Alexandra Stepanova & Ivan Bukin) ; November 23 – 25: 2018 Internationaux de France in 🇫🇷 Grenoble ; Men's winner: 🇺🇸 Nathan Chen ; Ladies' winner: 🇯🇵 Rika Kihira ; Pairs winners: 🇫🇷 (Vanessa James & Morgan Ciprès) ; Ice Dance winners: 🇫🇷 (Gabriella Papadakis & Guillaume Cizeron) ; December 6 – 9: 2018–19 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final in 🇨🇦 Vancouver ; Men's winner: 🇺🇸 Nathan Chen ; Ladies' winner: 🇯🇵 Rika Kihira ; Pairs winners: 🇫🇷 (Vanessa James & Morgan Ciprès) ; Ice Dance winners: 🇺🇸 (Madison Hubbell & Zachary Donohue)

This is a document about 2019 World Figure Skating Championships
  Evgenia Tarasova & Vladimir Morozov finished the short program by breaking the world record, competing with their 2018 Olympic short program. In their second competition of the season, 2017 World Champions Sui Wenjing & Han Cong finished in second place, with their training partners and compatriots Peng Cheng & Jin Yang finishing in third. Event favourites Vanessa James & Morgan Cipres struggled with the short program once again, after James accidentally collided with Matteo Guarise in the warm-up that left both athletes shaken. Guarise was left with bruises on his left hip and pain in his left knee, "I wanted to slow down when I saw Vanessa, I am a big guy and she is so tiny. I didn't want to hurt her." James, who was left uninjured, when discussing the incident with Olympic Channel she noted, "we've had some hard situations but we always push through them."

This is a document about Ice dance
  Olympic gold medal. In 2018, at the Olympics in PyeongChang, Virtue and Moir became the most decorated figure skaters in Olympic history after winning the gold medal there. According to Caroline Silby, a consultant with U.S. Figure Skating, ice dance teams and pair skaters have the added challenge of strengthening partnerships and ensuring that teams stay together for several years; unresolved conflict between partners can often cause the early break-up of a team. Silby further asserts that the early demise or break-up of a team is often caused by consistent and unresolved conflict between partners. Both ice dancers and pairs skaters face

This is a document about 2018 in ice sports
 January 15 – 21: 2018 European Figure Skating Championships in 🇷🇺 Moscow ; Men's winner: 🇪🇸 Javier Fernández ; Ladies' winner: 🇷🇺 Alina Zagitova ; Pairs winners: 🇷🇺 (Evgenia Tarasova & Vladimir Morozov) ; Ice dance winners: 🇫🇷 (Gabriella Papadakis & Guillaume Cizeron) ; January 22 – 27: 2018 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships in Taipei ; Men's winner: 🇨🇳 Jin Boyang ; Ladies' winner: 🇯🇵 Kaori Sakamoto ; Pairs winners: 🇺🇸 (Tarah Kayne & Daniel O'Shea) ; Ice dance winners: 🇺🇸 (Kaitlin Hawayek & Jean-Luc Baker) ; March 5 – 11: 2018 World Junior Figure Skating Championships in 🇧🇬 Sofia ; Junior Men's winner: 🇷🇺 Alexey Erokhov ; Junior Ladies' winner: 🇷🇺 Alexandra Trusova ; Junior Pairs winners: 🇷🇺 (Daria Pavliuchenko & Denis Khodykin) ; Junior Ice dance winners: 🇷🇺 (Anastasia Skoptsova & Kirill Aleshin) ; March 19 – 25: 2018 World Figure Skating Championships in 🇮🇹 Milan ; Men's winner: 🇺🇸 Nathan Chen ; Ladies' winner: 🇨🇦 Kaetlyn Osmond ; Pairs winners: 🇩🇪 (Aliona Savchenko & Bruno Massot) ; Ice dance winners: 🇫🇷 (Gabriella Papadakis & Guillaume Cizeron)

This is a document about Aljona Savchenko
  Winter Olympics, the pair competed in the first part of the team event. Savchenko and Massot then competed in the individual pairs event. They placed fourth in the short program after Massot doubled an intended triple jump. On 15 February 2018, they set a new world record score of 159.31 in the free skate. With their aggregate combined score, Savchenko and Massot won the gold medal, edging out world champions Sui Wenjing and Han Cong of China (who were leading after the short program) by just 0.43 points, in spite of mark manipulation from Chinese judge Huang Feng (who was later investigated by the ISU and banned). At age 34, Savchenko became one of the oldest women to win an Olympic

This is a document about List of Russian people
 Ludmila Belousova, two-time Olympic pairs champion ; Ekaterina Gordeeva, two-time Olympic pairs champion ; Aleksandr Gorelik, pair skater, Olympic silver, World Championship 2-time silver, bronze ; Sergei Grinkov, two-time Olympic pairs champion ; Gennadi Karponossov, Olympic champion, 2-time World Champion, silver, 2-time bronze, ice dancer & coach ; Evgeni Plushenko, 2006 Olympic champion ; Oleg Protopopov, two-time Olympic pairs champion ; Irina Slutskaya, two-time World Champion, 3-time silver, bronze, Olympic silver, bronze ; Maxim Staviski, World Champion ice dancer, silver, bronze ; Alexei Urmanov, 1994 Olympic champion ; Alexei Yagudin, 2002 Olympic champion ; Alina Zagitova, 2018 Olympic champion and Grand Slam (figure skating) winner

This is a document about Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Team event
  The pairs free skate was held on 11 February 2018.

This is a document about Scott Moir
  2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang. Virtue and Moir won gold as part of Canada's team in the Olympic team event. With their fourth Olympic medal, they tied the record for the most ever won by a figure skater. In the individual event, Virtue and Moir topped their own record score for the short dance, putting them into first place. They then placed second in the free dance and won another Olympic gold. They also broke the world record for overall score, which had been set by Papadakis/Cizeron minutes before. This was Virtue and Moir's fifth Olympic medal, making them the most decorated Olympic figure skaters in history.

This is a document about 2003 in sports
 World Figure Skating Championships – ; Men's champion: Evgeni Plushenko, Russia ; Ladies’ champion: Michelle Kwan, United States ; Pair skating champions: Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo, China ; Ice dancing champions: Shae-Lynn Bourne and Victor Kraatz, Canada

This is a document about 2018 in ice sports
  Ice dance winners: 🇫🇷 (Gabriella Papadakis & Guillaume Cizeron) ; November 24 – 26: 2017 Skate America in 🇺🇸 Lake Placid, New York ; Men's winner: 🇺🇸 Nathan Chen ; Ladies' winner: 🇯🇵 Satoko Miyahara ; Pairs winners: 🇩🇪 (Aliona Savchenko & Bruno Massot) ; Ice dance winners: 🇺🇸 (Maia Shibutani & Alex Shibutani) ; December 7 – 10: 2017–18 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final in 🇯🇵 Nagoya ; Men's winner: 🇺🇸 Nathan Chen ; Ladies' winner: 🇷🇺 Alina Zagitova ; Pairs winners: 🇩🇪 (Aliona Savchenko & Bruno Massot) ; Ice dance winners: 🇫🇷 (Gabriella Papadakis & Guillaume Cizeron)

This is a document about April 2009 in sports
 ISU World Team Trophy in Tokyo, Japan: ; Pairs Short Program: (1) Zhang Dan/Zhang Hao 🇨🇳 70.42 (2) Yuko Kavaguti/Alexander Smirnov 🇷🇺 65.08 (3) Caydee Denney/Jeremy Barrett 🇺🇸 56.58 ; Ice dance standings after Free Dance: Tanith Belbin/Benjamin Agosto 🇺🇸 162.98  Tessa Virtue/Scott Moir 🇨🇦 156.71  Nathalie Péchalat/Fabian Bourzat 🇫🇷 150.63 ; Men's standings after Free Skating: Evan Lysacek 🇺🇸 238.56  Brian Joubert 🇫🇷 237.09  Nobunari Oda 🇯🇵 229.25 ; Team standings after day 2: (1) 🇺🇸 59 points, (2) 🇨🇦 53, (3) 🇯🇵 52, 4. 🇫🇷 37, 5. 🇷🇺 36, 6. 🇨🇳 33

This is a document about Short program (figure skating)
  pair competitions have been identical since the elimination of compulsory figures in 1990. Yuzuru Hanyu from Japan holds the three highest single men's short program scores: 111.82, which he earned at the 2020 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships, 110.53 points, which he earned at the 2018 Rostelecom Cup, and 106.69, earned at the 2018 Grand Prix of Helsinki. Russian skater Alena Kostornaia holds the highest single women's short program score of 85.45, which she earned at the 2019–20 Grand Prix Final in Torino, Italy. Russian pairs team Aleksandra Boikova and Dmitrii Kozlovskii hold the highest pair skating short program score of 82.34, which they earned at the 2020 European Championships.

This is a document about 2002 in sports
 World Figure Skating Championships – ; Men's champion: Alexei Yagudin, Russia ; Ladies' champion: Irina Slutskaya, Russia ; Pair skating champions: Shen Xue & Zhao Hongbo, China ; Ice dancing champions: Irina Lobacheva & Ilia Averbukh, Russia ; 2002 Winter Olympics – ; Men's champion: Alexei Yagudin, Russia ; Ladies' champion: Sarah Hughes, United States ; Pair skating champions: Yelena Berezhnaya & Anton Sikharulidze, Russia and Jamie Salé & David Pelletier, Canada ; Ice dancing champions: Marina Anissina & Gwendal Peizerat, France

This is a document about Bruno Massot
  Savchenko and Massot won the gold medal at the 2018 Winter Olympics, with a new world record score of 159.31 in the free skate. Savchenko and Massot ended the season at the 2018 World Championships in Milan, Italy, where they won their first world title together. They set new personal bests in both the short and free programs, in the process setting new world records for the free skate and combined score. Massot commented: "It was exactly the season that we wanted. We started this season in September and we said, 'we will give our best to win everything.' We didn’t go to Europeans in order to prepare for the Olympics. I think it was a good choice. We realized today that we reached our goal of the season today." Following their World Championship victory, it was announced that the pair would take an indefinite break from competition.

This is a document about Aljona Savchenko
  Aljona Savchenko (Олена Валентинівна Савченко, Olena Valentynivna Savchenko; German Romanization: Aljona Sawtschenko, sometimes Aliona Savchenko; born 19 January 1984) is a Ukrainian-born German pair skater. One of the most decorated pair skaters, she is the 2018 Olympic Champion and a two-time Olympic bronze medalist (2010, 2014), a six-time World Champion, a four-time European Champion, and a five-time Grand Prix Final champion. With partner Bruno Massot, she is the 2018 Olympic champion, the 2018 World Champion, a two-time European silver medalist, the 2017–18 Grand Prix Final champion, and a two-time German national champion (2016, 2018). The pair hold the world record for best free skate score and best total score, and they are the first pair skaters to break 160 points in the free skate. With former partner Robin Szolkowy, she

This is a document about Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Team event
  The pairs short program was held on 9 February 2018.

This is a document about 1996 in sports
 World Figure Skating Championships – ; Men's champion: Todd Eldredge, United States ; Ladies' champion: Michelle Kwan, United States ; Pairs' champions: Marina Eltsova / Andrei Bushkov, Russia ; Ice dancing champions: Oksana Grishuk / Evgeny Platov, Russia

This is a document about 2001 in sports
 World Figure Skating Championships – ; Men's champion: Evgeni Plushenko, Russia ; Ladies' champion: Michelle Kwan, United States ; Pairs' champions: Jamie Salé and David Pelletier, Canada ; Ice dance champions: Barbara Fusar-Poli and Maurizio Margaglio

Aliona Savchenko and Bruno Massot won the pairs figure skating event at the 2018 Winter Olympics.


Question: big boss 2 telugu set location in hyderabad

Answer: Annapurna Studios , Hyderabad

This is a document about Where Is the Venkatalakshmi
  The film was shot in Hyderabad.

This is a document about Bigg Boss (Telugu season 2)
  Bigg Boss 2 is the second season of the Telugu-language version of the Indian reality television series Bigg Boss. It premiered on June 10, 2018 on Star Maa. Nani hosted the show. It was the second longest season (112 days) in Indian versions of Bigg Boss. Unlike the first season, this season featured general public along with celebrities as housemates. For this season of Bigg Boss, a lavish house set has been constructed in Backlots of Annapurna Studios 7 Acres, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad. The season was extended by one week (112 days) instead of the actual 105 days format of the show. Among the five finalists, Kaushal Manda emerged as the winner with highest number of public votes, followed by Geetha Madhuri as runner-up, Tanish Alladi, Deepti Nallamothu and Samrat Reddy as third, fourth and fifth respectively.

This is a document about Rabhasa
  The principal photography started on 2 August 2013 at Banjara Hills in Hyderabad. Later some action sequences were shot near Tellapur, which is located in the outskirts of Hyderabad. With this, the first schedule of the film's shoot was wrapped up. After the completion of the schedule of Ramayya Vasthavayya, N. T. Rama Rao Jr. joined the sets of the film and the shooting commenced in Ramoji Film City, where some action scenes were shot in a house set erected in Ramoji Film City. After the completion of the action sequence, a song was shot with the leads there. Then the

This is a document about Hyderabad
  Hyderabad is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana and the de jure capital of Andhra Pradesh. It occupies 650 km2 on the Deccan Plateau along the banks of the Musi River, in the northern part of South India. With an average altitude of 542 m, much of Hyderabad is situated on hilly terrain around artificial lakes, including the Hussain Sagar lake, predating the city's founding, in the north of the city centre. According to the 2011 Census of India, Hyderabad is the fourth-most populous city in India with a population of 6.9 million residents within the city limits,

This is a document about Colour Photo
  Principal photography of the film started on 8 January 2020 in Hyderabad. The film was completely shot in Machilipatnam, Vijayawada and the surrounding parts. The story of the film also revolves around these places.

This is a document about Culture of Telangana
  Telugu cinema, also known by its sobriquet as Tollywood, is a part of Indian cinema producing films in the Telugu language, and is centered in the Hyderabad, Telangana neighbourhood of Film Nagar. The industry holds the Guinness World Record for the largest film production facility in the world, is one of the best tourist attraction in hyderabad Ramoji Film City. The Prasads IMAX located in Hyderabad is one of the largest 3D IMAX screen, and the most attended cinema screen in the world. As per the CBFC report of 2012, the industry is placed second in India, in terms of films produced yearly. because of the film "Bahubali" (I and ii) casting Prabhas and Anushka.

This is a document about Baadshah (2013 film)
  Hyderabad in November 2012 where some key scenes were shot on the lead pair as well as other actors. In December, the shoot continued at Rajiv Gandhi International Airport at Shamshabad in Hyderabad for 3 Days. In the same month, Navdeep joined the sets of the film. Later the shooting continued at a temple in Kachiguda and Daspalla Hotel in Hyderabad. The climax of the film was shot at Nagarjuna Sagar in which Jr. NTR, Navdeep, Kelly Dorje and others participated for a week. Then a song on Nicole and Jr. NTR was filmed at Annapurna 7 Acres Studio. After completing few patch work activities at Novotel, the shooting finally came to an end on 15 March 2013.

This is a document about Temper (film)
  Hyderabad in early October 2014. That song was a fast-paced folk song choreographed by Shekhar which Nora termed a "hyper energetic dance number". 25% of the film's shoot was wrapped up by then and the next schedule was planned in Visakhapatnam. Later the makers chose Goa to shoot major parts of the film. Few scenes on Rama Rao Jr., Aggarwal and some other actors were shot meanwhile. The film's Goa schedule was delayed due to the ongoing strike for Non-acceptance of the revised pay hike for the Film Federation Employees. The strike was called off later and the filming continued from 25 October at Goa where major part of the film was shot. The

This is a document about Arundhati (2009 film)
  Filming took around 250 days, in Hyderabad and other places. The interior of the place is shot at the Annapurna Studios, while the exterior was at Banganapalle fort. Filming also took place at Ramanaidu Studios.

This is a document about Geography of Hyderabad
  Hyderabad, the capital of Indian state of Telangana, is located in the central part of the Telangana. Geographically the city is located in the northern part of Deccan plateau, in Southern India on the banks of Musi River. The modern Hyderabad is spread over an area of 1005 km2, making it one of the largest metros in India. The predominant topography of the city is sloping rocky terrain of grey and pink granites. Some locations with higher altitude are scattered throughout, giving rise to the appearance of several small hillocks. Hyderebad has an average altitude of about 1778 ft above mean sea

This is a document about Businessman (film)
  further. However, he faces violent challenges from his enemies and the cops he supposedly respects. S. Thaman composed the film's music, and Shyam K. Naidu was the film's cinematographer. The film was made with a budget of ₹400 million and was launched formally on 15 August 2011 at Hyderabad. Principal photography began on 2 September 2011 and was shot in Hyderabad, Mumbai and Goa. A few song sequences were shot in Bangkok. Filming ended on 10 December 2011 in 74 working days, one of the shortest periods in which a Telugu film has been shot. Released during Sankranthi on 13 January 2012. It grossed more than ₹550 million and collected a distributor share of ₹448 million, eventually becoming one of the highest-grossing Telugu films of 2012. The film was remade in Bengali as Boss in 2013.

This is a document about Telangana
  Telugu cinema, also known by its sobriquet as Tollywood, is a part of Indian cinema producing films in the Telugu language, and is centred in the Hyderabad, Telangana neighbourhood of Film Nagar. In the early 1990s, the Telugu film industry had largely shifted from Chennai to Hyderabad. The Telugu film industry is the second-largest film industry in India next to Bollywood. In the years 2005, 2006 and 2008 the Telugu film industry produced the largest number of films in India, exceeding the number of films produced in Bollywood. The industry holds the Guinness World Record for the largest film production facility in the world.

This is a document about Agnyaathavaasi
  Principal photography began on 3 April 2017 with a small coffee shop scene, shot at Ciclo Cafe, then moved to a special set erected in Ramoji Film City for an action sequence. Some parts of the film were shot in Annapurna Studios and a major sequence and a song were shot in Bangkok. The unit moved to Bulgaria on 26 October 2017 for 15 days to shoot two songs. After the foreign schedule, shooting continued in Hyderabad and was completed by the end of November 2017, including a brief period of shooting at Varanasi. After the film, Kalyan actively began his political campaign for the 2019 Andhra Pradesh election.

This is a document about Mein Ek Din Laut Kay Aaoon Ga
  The film was shot in Mumbai and Hyderabad in India.

This is a document about Spyder (film)
  schedule for two weeks. After a brief break, the makers resumed the shoot in Mumbai on January 2017, where the introductory scenes featuring Mahesh Babu, was being shot. During March 2017, Chiranjeevi made a visit to the sets of the film. The final schedule of the film was expected to take place on 20 April 2017 in Hyderabad, although shooting started on 4 May 2017. Art director Rupin Suchak revealed to a source that 98% of the film was shot in Chennai, with the backdrop being changed to Hyderabad through computer graphics for the Telugu version. Mahesh did the film's stunts by himself without using body doubles. On 16 May 2017, a source claimed that the makers planned for a climax sequence with high-octane action scenes, instead of a normal climax, which

This is a document about Rabhasa
  the second week of December 2013, after shooting some important scenes at Ramoji Film City, the shooting continued at the Gandharva Mahal set in Hyderabad, where scenes on N. T. Rama Rao Jr., Brahmanandam and Samantha Ruth Prabhu were shot. Later on in early January 2014, the shooting continued at Manikonda in Hyderabad, where a huge set was erected for this purpose. After taking a break on account of Sankranti, the new schedule started at Gandharva Mahal set at Manikonda from 18 January 2014 where a family song was shot in which the leads participated. The introduction song of the hero

This is a document about Media in Hyderabad
  Hyderabad is the homeland of Tollywood, the Telugu movie industry. Apart from being a popular entertainment source and India's largest film producer as measured by the number of films made every year (followed by Bollywood), Tollywood also provides livelihood to thousands of its citizens and contributes a large amount of revenue to the local government. Previously, many Telugu films were produced in Madras. However, improvements in Hyderabad's infrastructure and initiatives such as establishing studios like Ramoji Film City (cited by the Guinness Book of World Records as the world's largest film studio), Saradhi Studios, Annapurna Studios, Ramanaidu Studios, Ramakrishna Studios and Padmalaya Studios have changed the situation. Not only Telugu films, but films from Bollywood are made in Hyderabad.

This is a document about Baahubali (franchise)
  The shooting of the film started at Rock Gardens in Kurnool from 6 July 2013. At the end of August 2013, the film's shoot continued at Ramoji Film City in Hyderabad where key scenes on the lead cast were shot. The second schedule of the film ended on 29 August 2013. A new schedule started at Hyderabad on 17 October 2013. At the end of October 2013, the maize field specifically cultivated at Ramoji Film City for filming of few crucial sequences was destroyed by rains just a week before the start of the planned shoot there. The film's shoot again continued in Kurnool

This is a document about Maaya (2014 film)
  The film was shot in Hyderabad and in and around Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. The official Trailer of the film was released on 13 June 2014.

This is a document about Pakka Commercial
  The film shooting started in Hyderabad in March 2021. In April due to the second wave of COVID - 19, the film shooting is postponed as filming. And shoots resumed in August 2021.

The Bigg Boss 2 Telugu set was located in Hyderabad, specifically at Annapurna Studios.


Question: when was civil peace by chinua achebe published

Answer: 1971

This is a document about Civil Peace
  "Civil Peace" is a 1971 short story by Chinua Achebe. It is about the effects of the Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970) on the people and the "civil peace" that followed.

This is a document about Chinua Achebe Literary Festival
  Chinua Achebe Literary Festival is an annual literary event held in honour of Nigerian writer and literary critic — Chinua Achebe, the author of Things Fall Apart (1958), in commemoration and celebration of his works and immense contributions in the literary field. Chinua Achebe lived between 16 November 1930 to 21 March 2013, when he died in Massachusetts, United States. The literary festival was initiated in 2016, three years after Achebe's death, by award-winning Nigerian writer, journalist, and Igbo-language activist, Izunna Okafor, who is also Anambra State's Coordinator of Society of Young Nigerian Writers, the literary body that organizes the event. Since its inception, the event has been held annually on Chinua Achebe's date of

This is a document about Enugu
  after Lagos is the preferred city for shooting films in Nigeria and a film production centre in the East. In 2007, Enugu hosted the first-ever film festival in the state, the Enugu International Film Festival. Held at Hotel Presidential, the festival's intent was to highlight Enugu as a "film making hub" in Africa including movie premiers and prizes for different film categories. Some of Nigeria's well-known writers were born and have lived in the city of Enugu. Chinua Achebe, writer of Things Fall Apart lived in Enugu in 1958, the year the book was published. He again moved to the city during the Nigerian Civil War after

This is a document about Things Fall Apart
  Things Fall Apart is the debut novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe, first published in 1958. It depicts pre-colonial life in the southeastern part of Nigeria and the invasion by Europeans during the late 19th century. It is seen as the archetypal modern African novel in English, and one of the first to receive global critical acclaim. It is a staple book in schools throughout Africa and is widely read and studied in English-speaking countries around the world. The novel was first published in the UK in 1962 by William Heinemann Ltd, and became the first work published in Heinemann's African Writers Series. The novel follows the life of Okonkwo, an Igbo ("Ibo" in the novel) man and local

This is a document about Nigerian literature
  Chinua Achebe achieved fame with his first book, Things Fall Apart (1958), and was awarded the Man Booker International prize in recognition of his entire career as a novelist and author in 2007. Other finalists for the prize included Ian McEwan and Salman Rushdie. In awarding the prize, Nadine Gordimer referred to Achebe as "the father of modern African literature". Nigeria has produced a number of important writers, who have won accolades for their work, including Daniel O. Fagunwa, Femi Osofisan, Ken Saro-Wiwa, Cyprian Ekwensi, Buchi Emecheta, Elechi Amadi, Tanure Ojaide. Wole Soyinka, a Yoruba native speaker writing mainly in English, received the 1986 Nobel Prize in literature, becoming the first black African to win the Nobel Prize for literature. Soyinka was awarded the prize for writing "...in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence". Ben Okri won the 1991 Booker Prize

This is a document about Tijan Sallah
 (with Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala) Chinua Achebe: Teacher of light: a biography, Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 2003.

This is a document about Lindsay Barrett
  Central State Information Service during the Nigerian Civil War under Chief Ukpabi Asika. After a further stay in London at the beginning of the 1970s, Barrett returned in 1973 to Nigeria, where he was a founding member of the Nigerian Association of Patriotic Writers and Artistes. He became a naturalised Nigerian citizen in the mid-1980s. He has worked as a lecturer and has taught at many educational establishments in West Africa, including in Ghana, at Fourah Bay College in Sierra Leone, and at Nigeria's University of Ibadan, where he lectured on the roots of African and Afro-American literature at the invitation of Professors Wole Soyinka and the

This is a document about Chinua Achebe
  Chinua Achebe (16 November 1930 – 21 March 2013) was a Nigerian novelist, poet, and critic who is regarded as the dominant figure of modern African literature. His first novel and magnum opus, Things Fall Apart (1958), occupies a pivotal place in African literature and remains the most widely studied, translated and read African novel. Along with Things Fall Apart, his No Longer at Ease (1960) and Arrow of God (1964) complete the so called "African Trilogy"; later novels include A Man of the People (1966) and Anthills of the Savannah (1987). He is often referred to as the "father of African literature", although he vigorously rejected the characterization.

This is a document about Onitsha
  In the early 1960s, before the Nigerian Civil War (see also Biafra), the population was officially recorded as 76,000, and the town was distinctive in a number of dimensions; the great Nigerian writer Chinua Achebe (born and raised in the contiguous town of Ogidi) characterized it as harboring an "esoteric region from which creativity sallies forth at will to manifest itself," "a zone of occult instability" (see "Onitsha Matters").  Indeed, Onitsha has played a creative role in the transformation to urban life in Eastern Nigeria famous as the setting for Onitsha Market Literature and as one of the hubs for the financing and distribution of

This is a document about Harvey Swados
  integrated community of Rochdale Village, in the New York City borough of Queens, as a paradigm of American brotherhood, idealism and economic self-interest. (Although the Rochdale example was short-lived, its history has been documented by former resident, author and editor Peter Eisenstadt. ) In an article published on April 23, 1967, Swados profiled the maverick and unpredictable CBS News executive Fred Friendly. In 1967, reporting on the Nigerian Civil War as a member of a delegation of American civilians, he visited the secessionist state of Biafra. There, he met and formed a lasting friendship with the writer Chinua Achebe, who

This is a document about Heinemann African Writers Series
  1958 – William Heinemann publishes Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart. 2,000 hardcover copies were printed and sold at a price of 15s. The book receives widespread acclaim. 1959 – Alan Hill, head of Heinemann’s educational department, visits West Africa. He finds that Achebe remains largely unknown in his home country of Nigeria due to the small print run and high price of his first novel. 1960 – Heinemann Educational Books (HEB) is set up as a separate company and begins to publicise Achebe in Africa. They start to receive manuscripts from other African authors. Alan Hill recruits Evan McKay Milne, known as Van Milne, a West Africa specialist. He

This is a document about Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
  Ngozi Adichie's original and initial inspiration came from Chinua Achebe, after reading his 1958 novel Things Fall Apart, at the age of 10; Adichie was inspired by seeing her own life represented in the pages. She has also named Buchi Emecheta as a Nigerian literary precursor, on whose death Adichie said: "Buchi Emecheta. We are able to speak because you first spoke. Thank you for your courage. Thank you for your art. Nodu na ndokwa." Adichie published a collection of poems in 1997 (Decisions) and a play (For Love of Biafra) in 1998, using the name Amanda N. Adichie. Her short story "My Mother, the

This is a document about Postcolonial literature
  Nigerian author Chinua Achebe (1930–2013) gained worldwide attention for Things Fall Apart in the late 1950s. Achebe wrote his novels in English and defended the use of English, a "language of colonisers", in African literature. In 1975, his lecture "An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's Heart of Darkness" featured a famous criticism of Joseph Conrad as "a thoroughgoing racist". A titled Igbo chieftain himself, Achebe's novels focus on the traditions of Igbo society, the effect of Christian influences, and the clash of Western and traditional African values during and after the colonial era. His style relies heavily on the Igbo oral tradition, and

This is a document about There Was a Country
  There Was a Country: A Personal History of Biafra is a personal account of the Nigerian civil war (1967–1970), also known as the Biafran War by the Nigerian writer Chinua Achebe. There Was a Country is considered one of the defining works of modern African non-fiction. The work got the author reviews from great persons; one of whom is the former president of South Africa, Nelson Mandela who said "The writer in whose company the prison walls fell down."

This is a document about Arthur Nwankwo
  In the early 1970s, Nwankwo began to gain some recognition within the literary community as part of a young group of post-Civil War writers from Southeastern Nigeria who wrote about their experience during the War. Prior to the end of the Nigerian Civil War, he co-authored a book, Biafra: The Making of a Nation', documenting the role of Igbo's in Nigeria. Nwankwo also wrote Nigeria: The Challenge of Biafra. He started a career in publishing after the war ended when he co-founded, Nwamife Publishers with Samuel Ifejika, his co-author of Biafra" The Making of a Nation and enjoying the support and patronage of writers such as Flora Nwapa and Chinua Achebe. Nwamife published its first book in 1971, a compilation of stories

This is a document about Chinua Achebe
  Achebe received over 30 honorary degrees from universities in Nigeria, Canada, South Africa, Nigeria, the United Kingdom and the United States, including Dartmouth College, Harvard, and Brown. Among his other honours are the first Commonwealth Poetry Prize (1972); the Nigerian National Order of Merit, the Order of the Federal Republic (1979); an Honorary Fellowship of the American Academy of Arts and Letters (1982); the St. Louis Literary Award (1999); the Peace Prize of the German Book Trade (2002); the Man Booker International Prize (2007); and the Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize (2010). In 1992 he became the first living writer to

This is a document about No Longer at Ease
  No Longer at Ease is a 1960 novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe. It is the story of an Igbo man, Obi Okonkwo, who leaves his village for an education in Britain and then a job in the Nigerian colonial civil service, but is conflicted between his African culture and Western lifestyle and ends up taking a bribe. The novel is the second work in what is sometimes referred to as the "African trilogy," following Things Fall Apart and preceding Arrow of God, though Arrow of God chronologically precedes it in the grand story of the trilogy. Things Fall Apart concerns the struggle of Obi Okonkwo's grandfather Okonkwo against the changes brought by the British.

This is a document about Nigerian Civil War
  disaster and the rising NGOs mutually enhanced each other; NGOs maintained their own communications networks and played a significant role in shaping news coverage. Biafran elites studied Western propaganda techniques and released carefully constructed public communications in an intentional fashion. Biafran propagandists had the dual task of appealing to international public opinion, and maintaining morale and nationalist spirit domestically. Political cartoons were a preferred medium for publicising simple interpretations of the war. Biafra also used push polling to insinuate messages about Nigeria's inherent bloodthirstiness. Novelist Chinua Achebe became a committed propagandist for Biafra, and one of its leading international advocates. On 29 May 1969, Bruce Mayrock, a student

This is a document about Bolaji Ramos
  his poem at different times using Bolaji Ramos, Bolaji Salau Ramos, Bolaji St.Ramos and recently as Bolaji S.Ramos. On 20 June 2017, Ramos published his full length performance poetry book titled "The Battlefield Poet: Elegy for Christopher Okigbo is his first full-length published work." The Battlefield Poet: Elegy for Christopher Okigbo is a book that x-rays the involvement and enlistment of one of Africa's best contemporary poets (Christopher Okigbo) in the Nigerian Civil War that broke out in 1967 between the Federal Republic of Nigeria and the seceding Biafra Nation. As a promising poet whose popularity and poetry works were already widespread across the world as

This is a document about Chinua Achebe
  Achebe's third book, Arrow of God, was published in 1964. The idea for the novel came in 1959, when Achebe heard the story of a Chief Priest being imprisoned by a District Officer. He drew further inspiration a year later when he viewed a collection of Igbo objects excavated from the area by archaeologist Thurstan Shaw; Achebe was startled by the cultural sophistication of the artifacts. When an acquaintance showed him a series of papers from colonial officers, Achebe combined these strands of history and began work on Arrow of God. Like Achebe's previous works, Arrow was roundly praised by critics. A revised edition was published in 1974 to correct what Achebe called "certain structural weaknesses". Like its predecessors, the work explores the intersections of Igbo

"Civil Peace" by Chinua Achebe was published in 1971.


Question: where is sperm made in the human body

Answer: testicles

This is a document about Vasectomy reversal
  Sperm are produced in the male sex gland or testicle. From there they travel through tubes (efferent tubules), exit the testes and enter a “storage site” or epididymis. The epididymis is a single, 18 ft, tightly coiled, small tube, within which sperm mature to the point where they can move, swim and fertilize eggs. Testicular sperm are not able to fertilize eggs naturally (but can if they are injected directly into the egg in the laboratory), as the ability to fertilize eggs is developed slowly over several months of storage in the epididymis. From the epididymis, a 14-inch, 3 mm-thick muscular tube called the vas deferens carries the sperm to the urethra near the base of the penis. The urethra then carries the sperm through the penis

This is a document about Sperm
   Sperm is the male reproductive cell, or gamete, in anisogamous forms of sexual reproduction (forms in which there is a larger, female reproductive cell and a smaller, male one). Animals produce motile sperm with a tail known as a flagellum, which are known as spermatozoa, while some red algae and fungi produce non-motile sperm cells, known as spermatia. Flowering plants contain non-motile sperm inside pollen, while some more basal plants like ferns and some gymnosperms have motile sperm. Sperm cells form during the process known as spermatogenesis, which in amniotes (reptiles and mammals) takes place in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. This process involves the production of several successive sperm cell precursors, starting with spermatogonia, which differentiate into spermatocytes. The spermatocytes then undergo meiosis, reducing their chromosome number by

This is a document about Relaxin
  In the female, it is produced by the corpus luteum of the ovary, the breast and, during pregnancy, also by the placenta, chorion, and decidua. In the male, it is produced in the prostate and is present in human semen.

This is a document about Mammalian reproduction
  The mammalian male reproductive system contains two main divisions, the penis and the testicles, the latter of which is where sperm are produced. In humans, both of these organs are outside the abdominal cavity, but they can be primarily housed within the abdomen in other animals. For instance, a dog's penis is covered by a penile sheath except when mating. Having the testicles outside the abdomen best facilitates temperature regulation of the sperm, which require specific temperatures to survive. The external location may also cause a reduction in the heat-induced contribution to the spontaneous mutation rate in male germinal tissue. Sperm are the smaller of the two gametes and are generally very short-lived, requiring males to produce them continuously from the time of sexual maturity until death. The produced sperm are stored in the epididymis until ejaculation. The sperm cells are motile and they swim using tail-like flagella to propel themselves towards the ovum. The sperm follows temperature gradients (thermotaxis) and chemical gradients (chemotaxis) to locate the ovum.

This is a document about Human reproduction
  Human reproduction naturally takes place as internal fertilization by sexual intercourse. During this process, the male inserts his penis, which needs to be erect, into the female's vagina, and then either partner initiates rhythmic pelvic thrusts until the male ejaculates semen, which contains sperm, into the vaginal canal. The sperm and the ovum are known as the gametes (each containing half the genetic information of the parent, created through meiosis). The sperm (being one of approximately 250 million sperm in a typical male ejaculation) travels through the vagina and cervix into the uterus or Fallopian tubes. Only 1 in 14 million of the ejaculated sperm will reach the

This is a document about Sexual intercourse
   Natural human reproduction involves penile–vaginal penetration, during which semen, containing male gametes known as sperm cells or spermatozoa, is expelled via ejaculation through the penis into the vagina. The sperm passes through the vaginal vault, cervix and into the uterus, and then into the fallopian tubes. Millions of sperm are present in each ejaculation to increase the chances of fertilization (see sperm competition), but only one reaching an egg or ovum is sufficient to achieve fertilization. When a fertile ovum from the female is present in the fallopian tubes, the male gamete joins with the ovum, resulting in fertilization and the formation of a new embryo. When a fertilized

This is a document about Human reproduction
  The male reproductive system contains two main divisions: the testes where sperm are produced, and the penis which discharges the sperm as semen (this is known as an ejaculation). In humans, both of these organs are outside the abdominal cavity. Having the testes outside the abdomen facilitates temperature regulation of the sperm, which require specific temperatures to survive about 2-3 °C less than the normal body temperature i.e. 37 °C. In particular, the extraperitoneal location of the testes may result in a 2-fold reduction in the heat-induced contribution to the spontaneous mutation rate in male germinal tissues compared to tissues at 37 °C. If the testicles remain too close to the body, it is likely that the increase in temperature will harm the spermatozoa formation, making conception more difficult. This is why the testes are carried in an external scrotum rather than within the abdomen; they normally remain slightly cooler than body temperature, facilitating sperm production.

This is a document about Spermatogenesis
  The process of spermatogenesis is highly sensitive to fluctuations in the environment, particularly hormones and temperature. Testosterone is required in large local concentrations to maintain the process, which is achieved via the binding of testosterone by androgen binding protein present in the seminiferous tubules. Testosterone is produced by interstitial cells, also known as Leydig cells, which reside adjacent to the seminiferous tubules. Seminiferous epithelium is sensitive to elevated temperature in humans and some other species, and will be adversely affected by temperatures as high as normal body temperature. Consequently, the testes are located outside the body in a sack of skin called the scrotum. The optimal

This is a document about Human sexuality
   Male internal reproductive structures are the testicles, the duct system, the prostate and seminal vesicles, and the Cowper's gland. The testicles (male gonads), are where sperm and male hormones are produced. Millions of sperm are produced daily in several hundred seminiferous tubules. Cells called the Leydig cells lie between the tubules; these produce hormones called androgens; these consist of testosterone and inhibin. The testicles are held by the spermatic cord, which is a tubelike structure containing blood vessels, nerves, the vas deferens, and a muscle that helps to raise and lower the testicles in response to temperature changes and sexual arousal, in which the testicles are drawn closer to the body. Sperm gets transported through a four-part duct system. The first part of this

This is a document about Human reproductive system
  Gametes are produced within the gonads through a process known as gametogenesis. This occurs when certain types of germ cells undergo meiosis to split the normal diploid number of chromosomes (n=46) into haploid cells containing only 23 chromosomes. In males, this process is known as spermatogenesis, and takes place only after puberty in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. The immature spermatozoa or sperm are then sent to the epididymis, where they gain a tail, enabling motility. Each of the original diploid germ cells or primary spermatocytes forms four functional gametes which is each forever young. The production and survival of sperms require a temperature below the normal core body temperature. Since the scrotum, where the testes is present, is situated outside the body cavity, it provides a temperature about

This is a document about Sperm
  The spermatozoa of animals are produced through spermatogenesis inside the male gonads (testicles) via meiotic division. The initial spermatozoon process takes around 70 days to complete. The process starts with the production of spermatogonia from germ cell precursors. These divide and differentiate into spermatocytes, which undergo meiosis to form spermatids. In the spermatid stage, the sperm develops the familiar tail. The next stage where it becomes fully mature takes around 60 days when it is called a spermatozoan. Sperm cells are carried out of the male body in a fluid known as semen. Human sperm cells can survive within the female reproductive tract for more than 5 days post coitus. Semen is produced in the seminal vesicles, prostate gland and urethral glands. In 2016, scientists at Nanjing Medical University claimed they had produced cells resembling mouse spermatids from mouse embryonic stem cells artificially. They injected these spermatids into mouse eggs and produced pups.

This is a document about Epididymis
  Spermatozoa formed in the testis enter the caput epididymis, progress to the corpus, and finally reach the cauda region, where they are stored. Sperm entering the caput epididymis are incomplete—they lack the ability to swim forward (motility) and to fertilize an egg. Epididymal transit takes 2 to 6 days in humans and 10-13 in rodents. During their transit in the epididymis, sperm undergo maturation processes necessary for them to acquire motility and fertility. Final maturation (capacitation) is completed in the female reproductive tract. The epididymis secretes immobilin, a large glycoprotein that is responsible for the creating of the viscoelastic luminal environment that serves to mechanically immobilize spermatozoa until ejaculation. Immobilin is predominantly secreted into the proximal caput epididymis prior to the acquisition of the potential for sperm motility. During ejaculation, sperm flow from the cauda epididymis (which functions as a storage reservoir) into the vas deferens where they are propelled by the peristaltic action of muscle layers in the wall of the vas deferens, and are mixed with the diluting fluids of the prostate, seminal vesicles, and other accessory glands prior to ejaculation (forming semen).

This is a document about Theodoxus fluviatilis
  through the oviduct to the fertilization chamber, where fertilization occur. Eggs then develop in the glandular uterus. A capsule is formed in the diverticulum next to the uterus. The eggs are then laid. In males, the semen is forming in the testis. The sperm structure of Theodoxus fluviatilis was examined by Gustaf Retzius. Then semen travels through the prostate, where it mixes with prostatic fluid. Finally it goes through the vas deferens to the penis. The penis is located on the inner side of the right tentacle. The following illustrations show the reproductive system in the female and in the male:

This is a document about Prostate cancer
   The prostate is part of the male reproductive system that helps make and store seminal fluid. In adult men, a typical prostate is about 3 cm long and weighs about 20 g. It is located in the pelvis, under the urinary bladder and in front of the rectum. The prostate surrounds part of the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder during urination and semen during ejaculation. The prostate contains many small glands, which make about 20% of the fluid constituting semen. Superiorly, the prostate base is contiguous with the bladder outlet. Inferiorly, the prostate's apex heads in the direction of the urogenital diaphragm,

This is a document about Human reproductive system
  The human reproductive system includes the male reproductive system which functions to produce and deposit sperm; and the female reproductive system which functions to produce egg cells, and to protect and nourish the fetus until birth. Humans have a high level of sexual differentiation. In addition to differences in nearly every reproductive organ, there are numerous differences in typical secondary sex characteristics. Human reproduction usually involves internal fertilization by sexual intercourse. In this process, the male inserts his penis into the female's vagina and ejaculates semen, which contains sperm. A small proportion of the sperm pass through the cervix into the uterus, and then into the Fallopian tubes for fertilization of the ovum. Only one sperm is required to fertilize the

This is a document about Semen
  During the process of ejaculation, sperm passes through the ejaculatory ducts and mixes with fluids from the seminal vesicles, the prostate, and the bulbourethral glands to form the semen. The seminal vesicles produce a yellowish viscous fluid rich in fructose and other substances that makes up about 70% of human semen. The prostatic secretion, influenced by dihydrotestosterone, is a whitish (sometimes clear), thin fluid containing proteolytic enzymes, citric acid, acid phosphatase and lipids. The bulbourethral glands secrete a clear secretion into the lumen of the urethra to lubricate it. Sertoli cells, which nurture and support developing spermatocytes, secrete a fluid into seminiferous tubules that helps transport sperm to the genital ducts. The ductuli efferentes possess cuboidal cells with microvilli and lysosomal granules that modify the ductal fluid by reabsorbing some

This is a document about Reproductive system of gastropods
 Vas deferens: it is found attached to the penis and the prostate and aids in the movement of sperm from the prostate to the penis ; Dart sac: manufactures the love dart. Not found in all gastropods. The prostate is found in the mantle tubule and penis are both connected to the gonoduct; which are connected to the testis (produce sperm). During sex, the sperm travels along the mantle tube in which seminal fluid fills the mantle tube and exits the body via the penis and enters the females gonopore. Additional reproductive structures include

This is a document about Germ cell
  Mammalian spermatogenesis is representative for most animals. In human males, spermatogenesis begins at puberty in seminiferous tubules in the testicles and go on continuously. Spermatogonia are immature germ cells. They proliferate continuously by mitotic divisions around the outer edge of the seminiferous tubules, next to the basal lamina. Some of these cells stop proliferation and differentiate into primary spermatocytes. After they proceed through the first meiotic division, two secondary spermatocytes are produced. The two secondary spermatocytes undergo the second meiotic division to form four haploid spermatids. These spermatids differentiate morphologically into sperm by nuclear condensation, ejection of the cytoplasm and formation of the acrosome and flagellum. The developing male germ cells do not complete cytokinesis during spermatogenesis. Consequently, cytoplasmic bridges assure connection between the clones of differentiating

This is a document about Human penis
  The human penis is an external male intromittent organ that additionally serves as the urinal duct. The main parts are the root (radix); the body (corpus); and the epithelium of the penis including the shaft skin and the foreskin (prepuce) covering the glans penis. The body of the penis is made up of three columns of tissue: two corpora cavernosa on the dorsal side and corpus spongiosum between them on the ventral side. The human male urethra passes through the prostate gland, where it is joined by the ejaculatory duct, and then through the penis. The urethra traverses the corpus spongiosum, and its opening, the meatus, lies on the tip of the glans penis. It is a passage both for urination and ejaculation of semen

This is a document about Sperm
  which produces spermatids. The spermatids then mature and, in animals, construct a tail, or flagellum, which gives rise to the mature, motile sperm cell. This whole process occurs constantly and takes around 3 months from start to finish. Sperm cells cannot divide and have a limited lifespan, but after fusion with egg cells during fertilisation, a new organism begins developing, starting as a totipotent zygote. The human sperm cell is haploid, so that its 23 chromosomes can join the 23 chromosomes of the female egg to form a diploid cell with 46 paired chromosomes. In mammals, sperm is stored in the epididymis and is released from the penis during ejaculation in a fluid known as semen. The word sperm is derived from the Greek word σπέρμα, sperma, meaning "seed".

Sperm is made in the testes, specifically in the seminiferous tubules, during the process of spermatogenesis.


Question: who is responsible for developing the best-known theory of motivation the hierarchy of needs

Answer: Abraham Harold Maslow

This is a document about Content theory
  human motives. The American motivation psychologist Abraham H. Maslow (1954) developed the hierarchy of needs consisting of five hierarchic classes. According to Maslow, people are motivated by unsatisfied needs. The needs, listed from basic (lowest-earliest) to most complex (highest-latest) are as follows:  The basic requirements build upon the first step in the pyramid: physiology. If there are deficits on this level, all behavior will be oriented to satisfy this deficit. Essentially, if you have not slept or eaten adequately, you won't be interested in your self-esteem desires. Subsequently, we have the second level, which awakens a need for security. After securing those two levels, the motives shift to the social sphere, the third level. Psychological requirements comprise the fourth level, while the top of the hierarchy consists of self-realization and self-actualization. Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory can be summarized as follows:

This is a document about Theory Z
 1) Physiological need ; 2) Safety needs ; 3) Belongingness and love needs ; 4) The esteem needs – self-confidence ; 5) The need for self-actualization – the need to reach your full potential Abraham Maslow, a psychologist and pioneer in human motivation, developed a theory of motivation based upon human needs that had three assumptions. First, human needs are never completely satisfied. Second, human behavior is purposeful and motivated by a need for satisfaction. Third, these needs can be classified according to a hierarchical structure of importance from the lowest to highest (Maslow, 1954): Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory helps the manager to understand what motivates an employee. By understanding what needs must

This is a document about Reward management
  theory would be the equity theory. Theories of motivation provide a theoretical basis for reward management though some of the best known ones have emerged from the psychology discipline. Perhaps the first and best known of these comes from the work of Abraham Maslow. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs describes a pyramid comprising a series of layers from at the base the most fundamental physiological needs such as food, water, shelter and sex, rising to the apex where self-actualisation needs included morality and creativity. Maslow saw these levels of needs being fulfilled one at a time in sequence from bottom to top. Employment and the resources it brings are

This is a document about Maslow's hierarchy of needs
  Maslow's hierarchy of needs is an idea in psychology proposed by American Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation" in the journal Psychological Review. Maslow subsequently extended the idea to include his observations of humans' innate curiosity. His theories parallel many other theories of human developmental psychology, some of which focus on describing the stages of growth in humans. He then created a classification system which reflected the universal needs of society as its base and then proceeding to more acquired emotions. His theories, including the hierarchy, may have been influenced by teachings and philosophy of the Blackfeet tribe, where he spent several weeks prior to writing his influential paper. The

This is a document about Motivation
  Within Maslow's hierarchy of needs (first proposed in 1943), at lower levels (such as physiological needs) money functions as a motivator; however, it tends to have a motivating effect on staff that lasts only for a short period (in accordance with Herzberg's two-factor model of motivation of 1959). At higher levels of the hierarchy, praise, respect, recognition, empowerment and a sense of belonging are far more powerful motivators than money, as both Abraham Maslow's theory of motivation and Douglas McGregor's theory X and theory Y (originating in the 1950s and pertaining to the theory of leadership) suggest. According to Maslow, people are motivated

This is a document about Theory Z
  met in order for an employee to achieve the highest level of motivation, managers are then able to get the most out of production. Theory X and Theory Y were both developed by Douglas McGregor, a social psychologist interested in the characteristics of successful organizations. McGregor's book, The Human Side of Enterprise (1960), described Theory X and Theory Y based upon Maslow's original hierarchy of needs. McGregor grouped the hierarchy into a lower order (Theory X) needs and a higher-order (Theory Y) needs. He suggested that management could of needs to motivate employees, but better results could be gained by the use of Theory Y, rather than Theory X (Heil, Bennis, & Stephens, 2000).

This is a document about List of important publications in psychology
 Abraham Maslow (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation. Psychological Review, 50, 370–396. Maslow's hierarchy of needs was first described in this paper. Online version ; Michael Apter (1982). The Experience of Motivation: The Theory of Psychological Reversals Reversal theory was introduced broadly in this book.

This is a document about Content theory
 Physiology (hunger, thirst, sleep, etc.) ; Safety/Security/Shelter/Health ; Social/Love/Friendship ; Self-esteem/Recognition/Achievement ; Self actualization/achievement of full potential Human beings have wants and desires which, when unsatisfied, may influence behavior. ; Differing levels of importance to human life are reflected in a hierarchical structure of needs. ; Needs at higher levels in the hierarchy are held in abeyance until lower-level needs are at least minimally satisfied. ; Needs at higher levels of the hierarchy are associated with individuality, humanness, and psychological health.  Content theory of human motivation includes both Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg's two-factor theory. Maslow's theory is one of the most widely discussed theories of motivation. Abraham Maslow believed that man is inherently good and argued that individuals possess a constantly growing inner drive that has great potential. The needs hierarchy system is a commonly used scheme for

This is a document about Motivation
  the content of motivational states. They are known as content theories and aim to describe what goals usually or always motivate people. Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the ERG theory, for example, posit that humans have certain needs, which are responsible for motivation. Some of these needs, like for food and water, are more basic than other needs, such as for respect from others. On this view, the higher needs can only provide motivation once the lower needs have been fulfilled. Behaviorist theories try to explain behavior solely in terms of the relation between the situation and external, observable behavior without explicit reference to conscious

This is a document about Theory X and Theory Y
  McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y and Maslow's hierarchy of needs are both rooted in motivation theory. Maslow's hierarchy of needs consists of physiological needs (lowest level), safety needs, love needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization (highest level). According to Maslow, a human is motivated by the level they have not yet reached, and self-actualization cannot be met until each of the lower levels has been fulfilled. Assumptions of Theory Y, in relation to Maslow's hierarchy put an emphasis on employee higher level needs, such as esteem needs and self-actualization. McGregor also believed that self-actualization was the highest level of reward for employees. He theorized that the motivation employees use to reach self-actualization allows them to reach their full potential. This led companies to focus on how their employees were motivated, managed, and led, creating a Theory Y management style which focuses on the drive for individual self-fulfillment. McGregor's perspective places the responsibility for performance on managers as well as subordinates.

This is a document about Uses and gratifications theory
  emotional, wishful thinking, and learning. ; In 1948, Lasswell introduced a four-functional interpretation of the media on a macro-sociological level. Media served the functions of surveillance, correlation, entertainment and cultural transmission for both society and individuals ; According to West and Turner, UGT was an extension of Needs and Motivation Theory, as outlined by Abraham Maslow in 1954, which argues that people actively looked to satisfy their needs based on a hierarchy. These needs are organized as Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs in the form of a pyramid with the largest, most fundamental needs at the base and the need for self-actualization at the top. From the bottom-up the pyramid contains Biological/Physical, Security/Safety,

This is a document about Motivation
 Physiology (hunger, thirst, sleep, etc.) ; Safety/Security/Shelter/Health ; Social/Love/Friendship ; Self-esteem/Recognition/Achievement ; Self actualization/achievement of full potential Human beings have wants and desires which, when unsatisfied, may influence behavior. ; Differing levels of importance to human life are reflected in a hierarchical structure of needs. ; Needs at higher levels in the hierarchy are held in abeyance until lower-level needs are at least minimally satisfied. ; Needs at higher levels of the hierarchy are associated with individuality, humanness, and psychological health.  Content theory of human motivation includes both Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg's two-factor theory. Maslow's theory is one of the most widely discussed theories of motivation. Abraham Maslow believed that man is inherently good and argued

This is a document about 1943 in science
 Abraham Maslow proposes the Hierarchy of Needs theory of psychology in his paper "A Theory of Human Motivation".

This is a document about George Kelly (psychologist)
  Kelly did not like his theory being compared to other theories. Oftentimes, people believed Kelly's personal construct theory was similar to humanistic theories or cognitive theories, but Kelly thought of his theory as its own category of theories. Some say Kelly was similar to Ulric Neisser, "the father of cognitive psychology", because they both studied cognitive psychology characteristics, others say Kelly was similar to Abraham Maslow, the creator of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, because they both studied humanistic psychology characteristics. Although Kelly's research had some humanistic psychology characteristics, it differed from that field in many ways as well. Kelly rejected being labelled as a cognitive psychologist—to the extent that he almost wrote another book stating his theory had no link to cognitive theories. Kelly saw that current theories of personality were so loosely defined and difficult to test that in many

This is a document about Maslow's hierarchy of needs
  two key elements involved within this theory is the individual and the priority, which connects them to intrinsic behavioral motivation. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is used to study how humans intrinsically partake in behavioral motivation. Maslow used the terms "physiological", "safety", "belonging and love", "social needs" or "esteem", and "self-actualization" to describe the pattern through which human motivations generally move. This means that in order for motivation to arise at the next stage, each stage must be satisfied within the individual themselves. Additionally, this hierarchy is a main base in knowing how effort and motivation are correlated when discussing human behavior. Each of these individual levels contains a certain amount of internal sensation that must

This is a document about Reward management
   Motivational theories are split into two groups as process and content theories. Content theories endeavor to name and analyze the factors which motivate people to perform better and more efficiently while process theories concentrate on how different types of personal traits interfere and impact the human behavior. Content theories are highly related with extrinsic rewards, things that are concrete like bonuses and will help improve employees' physiological circumstances whereas process theories are concerned with intrinsic rewards, such as recognition and respect, which will help boost employees confidence in the work place and improve job satisfaction. A famous content theory would be Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, and a famous

This is a document about Work motivation
  Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (1943) was applied to offer an explanation of how the work environment motivates employees. In accordance with Maslow's theory, which was not specifically developed to explain behavior in the workplace, employees strive to satisfy their needs in a hierarchical order. At the most basic level, an employee is motivated to work in order to satisfy basic physiological needs for survival, such as having enough money to purchase food. The next level of need in the hierarchy is safety, which could be interpreted to mean adequate housing or living in a safe neighborhood. The next three levels in Maslow's theory relate to intellectual and psycho-emotional needs: love and belonging, esteem (which refers to competence and mastery), and finally

This is a document about Need
  To most psychologists, need is a psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a goal, giving purpose and direction to behavior. The most widely known academic model of needs was proposed by psychologist, Abraham Maslow, in 1943. His theory proposed that people have a hierarchy of psychological needs, which range from basic physiological or lower order needs such as food, water and safety (e.g. shelter) through to the higher order needs such as self-actualization. People tend to spend most of their resources (time, energy and finances) attempting to satisfy these basic before the higher order needs of belonging, esteem and self-actualization become meaningful. Maslow's approach is a generalised

This is a document about Need theory
  Need theory, also known as Three needs theory, proposed by psychologist David McClelland, is a motivational model that attempts to explain how the needs for achievement, affiliation, power affect the actions of people from a managerial context. This model was developed in the 1960s, two decades after Maslow's hierarchy of needs was first proposed in the early 1940s. McClelland stated that we all have these three types of motivation regardless of age, sex, race, or culture. The type of motivation by which each individual is driven derives from their life experiences and the opinions of their culture. This need theory is often taught in classes concerning management or organizational behaviour.

This is a document about Self-actualization
  he is potentially. "The specific form that these needs will take will of course vary greatly from person to person. In one individual it may take the form of the desire to be an ideal mother, in another it may be expressed athletically, and in still another it may be expressed in painting pictures or in inventions." One of Abraham Maslow's earliest discussions of self-actualization was in his 1943 article "A Theory of Human Motivation" in Psychological Review 50, pp. 370–396. Here, the concept of self-actualization was first brought to prominence as part of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory as

Abraham Maslow is responsible for developing the best-known theory of motivation, the hierarchy of needs.


Question: when did sunday became the seventh day of the week

Answer: 1988

This is a document about Names of the days of the week
    In many languages, the names given to the seven days of the week are derived from the names of the classical planets in Hellenistic astronomy, which were in turn named after contemporary deities, a system introduced by the Roman Empire during Late Antiquity. In some other languages, the days are named after corresponding deities of the regional culture, beginning either with Sunday or with Monday. The seven-day week was adopted in early Christianity from the Hebrew calendar, and gradually replaced the Roman nundinal cycle as the new religion spread. Sunday remained the first day of the week, being considered the Lord's Day, while the Jewish sabbath remained the seventh. Emperor Constantine adopted the seven-day week for official use in CE 321, making the Day of the Sun (dies Solis) a legal holiday. In the international standard ISO 8601, Monday is treated as the first day of the week.

This is a document about Names of the days of the week
  Between the 1st and 3rd centuries AD, the Roman Empire gradually replaced the eight-day Roman nundinal cycle with the seven-day week. The earliest evidence for this new system is a Pompeiian graffito referring to 6 February (ante diem viii idus Februarias) of the year AD 60 as dies solis ("Sunday"). Another early witness is a reference to a lost treatise by Plutarch, written in about AD 100, which addressed the question of: "Why are the days named after the planets reckoned in a different order from the 'actual' order?". (The treatise is lost, but the answer to the question is known; see planetary hours). The Ptolemaic system of planetary

This is a document about Eight-day week
  The ancient Etruscans developed an eight-day market week known as the nundinum around the 8th or 7th century BC. This was passed on to the Romans no later than the 6th century BC. As Rome expanded, it encountered the seven-day week and for a time attempted to include both. The popularity of the seven-day rhythm won, and the eight-day week disappeared. The cycle of seven days – named for the sun, the moon, and the five planets visible to the naked eye – was already customary in the time of Justin Martyr, who wrote of the Christians meeting on the Day of the Sun (Sunday). Emperor Constantine eventually established the seven-day week in the Roman calendar in AD 321.

This is a document about Sunday
  The international standard ISO 8601 for representation of dates and times, states that Sunday is the seventh and last day of the week. This method of representing dates and times unambiguously was first published in 1988.

This is a document about Roman calendar
  used to avoid such coincidences, even after the Julian reform of the calendar. The 7-day week began to be observed in Italy in the early imperial period, as practitioners and converts to eastern religions introduced Hellenistic and Babylonian astrology, the Jewish Saturday sabbath, and the Christian Lord's Day. The system was originally used for private worship and astrology but had replaced the nundinal week by the time Constantine made Sunday (dies Solis) an official day of rest in AD 321. The hebdomadal week was also reckoned as a cycle of letters from A to G; these were adapted for Christian use as the dominical letters.

This is a document about Names of the days of the week
  Sunday comes first in order in calendars shown in the table below. In the Abrahamic tradition, the first day of the week is Sunday. Biblical Sabbath (corresponding to Saturday) is when God rested from six-day Creation, making the day following the Sabbath the first day of the week (corresponding to Sunday). Seventh-day Sabbaths were sanctified for celebration and rest. After the week was adopted in early Christianity, Sunday remained the first day of the week, but also gradually displaced Saturday as the day of celebration and rest, being considered the Lord's Day. Saint Martin of Dumio (c. 520–580 [10520–10580]), archbishop of Braga, decided not to call days by pagan gods and to use ecclesiastic terminology to designate them. While the custom of numbering the days of the week was mostly prevalent in

This is a document about Week
  In Jewish sources by the time of the Septuagint, the term "Sabbath" (Greek Sabbaton) by synecdoche also came to refer to an entire seven-day week, the interval between two weekly Sabbaths. Jesus's parable of the Pharisee and the Publican (Luke 18:12) describes the Pharisee as fasting "twice in the week" (Greek δὶς τοῦ σαββάτου dis tou sabbatou). Days of the week are called "days of the sabbath" in the Hebrew language. In the account of the women finding the tomb empty, they are described as coming there, though modern translations often substitute "week" for "sabbath". The ancient Romans traditionally used the eight-day nundinum but, after the Julian calendar had come into effect in 45 BC, the seven-day week came into increasing use. For a while, the week and the nundinal cycle coexisted, but by the time the week was officially adopted by Constantine in AD 321, the nundinal

This is a document about Week
  had fallen out of use. The association of the days of the week with the Sun, the Moon and the five planets visible to the naked eye dates to the Roman era (2nd century). The continuous seven-day cycle of the days of the week can be traced back to the reign of Augustus; the first identifiable date cited complete with day of the week is 6 February AD 60, identified as a "Sunday" (as viii idus Februarius dies solis "eighth day before the ides of February, day of the Sun") in a Pompeiian graffito. According to the (contemporary) Julian calendar, 6 February 60 was, however, a Wednesday. This is explained by the existence of two conventions of naming days of the weeks based on the planetary hours system: 6 February was a "Sunday" based on the sunset naming convention, and a "Wednesday" based on the sunrise naming convention.

This is a document about Week
  is rather an original innovation of Hellenistic astrology, probably first conceived in the 2nd century BC. The seven-day week was widely known throughout the Roman Empire by the 1st century AD, along with references to the Jewish Sabbath by Roman authors such as Seneca and Ovid. When the seven-day week came into use in Rome during the early imperial period, it did not immediately replace the older eight-day nundinal system. The nundinal system had probably fallen out of use by the time Emperor Constantine adopted the seven-day week for official use in CE 321, making the Day of the Sun (dies Solis) a legal holiday.

This is a document about Roman calendar
  their wandering ancient calendar to maintain its alignment with Rome's.) A few emperors altered the names of the months after themselves or their family, but such changes were abandoned by their successors. Diocletian began the 15-year indiction cycles beginning from the AD297 census; these became the required format for official dating under Justinian. Constantine formally established the 7-day week by making Sunday an official holiday in 321. Consular dating became obsolete following the abandonment of appointing nonimperial consuls in AD541. The Roman method of numbering the days of the month never became widespread in the Hellenized eastern provinces and was eventually abandoned by the Byzantine Empire in its calendar.

This is a document about Week
  The seven-day weekly cycle has remained unbroken in Christendom, and hence in Western history, for almost two millennia, despite changes to the Coptic, Julian, and Gregorian calendars, demonstrated by the date of Easter Sunday having been traced back through numerous computistic tables to an Ethiopic copy of an early Alexandrian table beginning with the Easter of AD 311. A tradition of divinations arranged for the days of the week on which certain feast days occur develops in the Early Medieval period. There are many later variants of this, including the German Bauern-Praktik and the versions of Erra Pater published in 16th to 17th century England, mocked in Samuel Butler's Hudibras. South and East Slavic versions

This is a document about Sunday
  The ancient Romans traditionally used the eight-day nundinal cycle, a market week, but in the time of Augustus in the 1st century AD, a seven-day week also came into use. In the gospels, the women are described as coming to the empty tomb although its often translated "on the first day of the week". Justin Martyr, in the mid 2nd century, mentions "memoirs of the apostles" as being read on "the day called that of the sun" (Sunday) alongside the "writings of the prophets." On 7 March 321, Constantine I, Rome's first Christian Emperor (see Constantine I and Christianity), decreed that Sunday would be observed as the Roman day of rest: "On the venerable Day of the Sun let the magistrates and people residing in cities rest, and let all workshops be closed. In the country, however, persons engaged in agriculture may freely and

This is a document about Ancient Rome
  to H, with the eighth day being the nundinum or market day, a kind of weekend when farmers sold their produce on the streets. The seven-day week, first introduced from the East during the early Empire, was officially adopted during the reign of Constantine. Romans named week days after celestial bodies from at least the 1st century AD, a custom that was inherited by other peoples and is still found in many modern languages, including English. Roman months had three important days: the calends (first day of each month, always in plural), the ides (13th or 15th of the month), and the nones

This is a document about Sabbath
  Scriptural authority. Q. Has the [Catholic] church power to make any alterations in the commandments of God? ; A. ...Instead of the seventh day, and other festivals appointed by the old law, the church has prescribed the Sundays and holy days to be set apart for God’s worship; and these we are now obliged to keep in consequence of God’s commandment, instead of the ancient Sabbath. The Church of God has thought it well to transfer the celebration and observance of the Sabbath to Sunday! In 321 AD, Roman emperor Constantine the Great enacted the first civil law regarding Sunday observance. The law did not mention the Sabbath

This is a document about Seventh Day Baptists
  congregation in Amsterdam founded in 1609, is considered the first Baptist church. Two years later, the church was divided and part returned with Thomas Helwys to England, just outside London. From there, Baptist practices and teachings spread throughout the country. Although some have already addressed the theme of the seventh day in church history, observance of the Sabbath in England was replaced by the first day of the week, Sunday. It was after 1617, with Hamlet Jackson and the couple John and Dorothy Traske that the beginning of the observance of the Sabbath in England and the occurrence of well-known debates on the subject are

This is a document about Sunday
   Sunday is the day of the week between Saturday and Monday. In most Western countries, Sunday is a day of rest and a part of the weekend, whereas in much of the rest of the world, it is considered the first day of the week. For most observant adherents of Christianity, Sunday is generally observed as a day of worship and rest, recognising it as the Lord's Day and the day of Christ's resurrection; in the United States, Canada, China, Japan, the Philippines as well as in South America, Sunday is the first day of the week. According to the Hebrew calendar and traditional calendars (including Christian calendars) Sunday is the first day of the week; Quaker Christians call Sunday the "first day" in accordance with their testimony of simplicity. The International Organization for Standardization ISO 8601, which is based in Switzerland, calls Sunday the seventh day of the week.

This is a document about Ancient Roman units of measurement
  The Romans grouped days into an eight-day cycle called the nundinae, with every eighth day being a market day. Independent of the nundinae, astrologers kept a seven-day cycle called a hebdomas where each day corresponded to one of the seven classical planets, with the first day of the week being Saturn-day, followed by Sun-day, Moon-day, Mars-day, Mercury-day, Jupiter-day, and lastly Venus-day. Each astrological day was reckoned to begin at sunrise. The Jews also use a seven-day week, which began Saturday evening. The seventh day of the week they called Sabbath; the other days they numbered rather than named, except for Friday, which could be called either the Parasceve or the sixth day. Each Jewish day begins at sunset. Christians followed the Jewish seven-day week, except that they commonly called the first day of the week the Dominica, or the Lord's day. In 321, Constantine the Great gave his subjects every Sunday off in honor of his family's tutelary deity, the Unconquered Sun, thus cementing the seven-day week into Roman civil society.

This is a document about Seventh Day Baptists
  week as a day of rest and worship to God as instituted by God in the creation of the world, affirmed as a fourth commandment and reaffirmed in the teaching and example of Jesus and the apostles. In contrast to this, it is known that most Christians and churches in history have chosen to rest on Sunday instead of Saturday. However, there are reports of Sabbath keeping in different parts of the world, including an entire nation that rested on the Saturday. The first Christians who adopted Baptist doctrine and kept the seventh day dates back to the middle of the 17th

This is a document about Sunday
  The name "Sunday", the day of the Sun, is derived from Hellenistic astrology, where the seven planets, known in English as Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, the Sun, Venus, Mercury and the Moon, each had an hour of the day assigned to them, and the planet which was regent during the first hour of any day of the week gave its name to that day. During the 1st and 2nd century, the week of seven days was introduced into Rome from Egypt, and the Roman names of the planets were given to each successive day. Germanic peoples seem to have adopted the week as a division of

This is a document about Week
  the seventh day being a sabbath day (Saturday). While, for example, the United States, Canada, Brazil, Japan and other countries consider Sunday as the first day of the week, and while the week begins with Saturday in much of the Middle East, the international ISO 8601 standard and most of Europe has Monday as the first day of the week. The Geneva-based ISO standards organization uses Monday as the first day of the week in its ISO week date system. The term "week" is sometimes expanded to refer to other time units comprising a few days, such as the nundinal cycle of the ancient Roman calendar, the "work week" or "school week" referring only to the days spent on those activities.

Sunday became the seventh day of the week in the Roman Empire around the 3rd century AD, when Emperor Constantine adopted the seven-day week with Sunday as the first day.


Question: girl from the shut up and dance video

Answer: Lauren Taft

This is a document about Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)
  (1980) by Pat Benatar, and "Jessie's Girl" (1981) by Rick Springfield, which he deemed "simple and beautiful and in-your-face rock songs" that captured the sound the band desired. The song is inspired by the music of the 1980s, which the group felt was a time in which "weird" was celebrated, in both music and fashion. "Shut Up and Dance" premiered on the radio station 101 WKQX in Chicago on June 22, 2014. It was released digitally as the lead single from Talking Is Hard on September 10, 2014. On November 11, 2014, the song was made available in the United States as a free single on iTunes.

This is a document about Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)
  The music video for "Shut Up and Dance", directed by Josh Forbes and co-directed by the band members, was shot in Los Angeles in September 2014. It first premiered on the internet radio network 8tracks on October 22, 2014, before it went live on Walk the Moon's Vevo account a day later. Petricca described the video as "a trippy story of dork victory" that was "[i]nfluenced by the plot- driven music videos of the 80s and nerdy visuals of 90s television". In an interview with Mashable, he said that the band intended for it "to be kooky, but also stylish [with] a story you could follow" like the video for Michael Jackson's "Beat It" (1983). The clip features graphics similar to those used in the opening of Saved by the Bell (1989–93) that take over the screen. Vulture's Lauretta Charlton wrote that the video's plot

This is a document about Shut Up and Drive
  Rihanna filmed the music video for "Shut Up and Drive" in a makeshift junkyard placed in Prague, the Czech Republic. It was directed by Anthony Mandler, who directed the videos for Rihanna's 2006 singles "Unfaithful" and "We Ride". The video was released, June 25, 2007, on the iTunes Store in the US. It begins with Rihanna driving a Ferrari to a junkyard. As she enters the junkyard, the song begins. Many girls are repairing broken cars and Rihanna joins them while singing the song. Other scenes, showing Rihanna dancing on a car, are intercut. As the video progresses, Rihanna and the girls get out from the junkyard and go to a race stage. Then, she sings the song's lyrics to the drivers. Later, she becomes a car race starter and on her sign, both drivers begin their race. Scenes of Rihanna climbing on a navigate stair are shown. Near the end of the video, Rihanna dances and sings the song on a microphone together with her band, while wearing a black dress with white stars.

This is a document about Hate That I Love You
  and he enters the room. Rihanna simultaneously climbs into her lover's car and they smile at each other. The video ends with the previous scenes showing Rihanna leaving her hotel room. A reviewer from MTV UK commented, "After Shut Up And Drive the 19 year old is going even raunchier for this vid- writhing around on a bed in her underwear and pearls." An edited version of the video was produced for the Spanglish version of the song, in which Ne-Yo's scenes are cut and replaced with scenes featuring David Bisbal. The Spanglish version of the video shows Bisbal watching the scenes of Rihanna on film being projected while he sings the song's lyrics.

This is a document about Shut Up and Drive
  from music critics, who labeled its lyrics as fluffy and goofy. The song peaked at number 15 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and at number one on the US Hot Dance Club Songs chart. On the UK Singles Chart, it reached number five, becoming Rihanna's fifth top-five single. "Shut Up and Drive" peaked within the top 10 in nine other countries, including in Australia, Canada, Germany and Italy. Its accompanying music video was directed by Anthony Mandler and was shot in Prague, Czech Republic. It features Rihanna in a makeshift junkyard. Rihanna performed "Shut Up and Drive" on the Good Girl Gone Bad (2007–09), Last Girl on Earth (2010–11) and Loud (2011) concert tours.

This is a document about Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)
  "Shut Up and Dance" (stylized as "SHUT UP + DANCE") is a song by American pop rock band Walk the Moon for their third studio album Talking Is Hard (2014). It was written by the band members and songwriters Ben Berger and Ryan McMahon. The song is based on an experience lead singer Nicholas Petricca had at a Los Angeles nightclub. His girlfriend invited him to dance, inspiring the title. Petricca envisioned the song as an anthem for letting go of frustration and having fun. The song was digitally released as the lead single from Talking Is Hard on September 10, 2014. The song became the band's biggest hit single to date,

This is a document about Let's Shut Up & Dance
  A music video to accompany the release of "Let's Shut Up & Dance" was first released onto YouTube on February 21, 2019.

This is a document about Shut Up and Dance (duo)
  Shut Up and Dance are an English duo that fused hip hop, house and hardcore. They are acknowledged as one of the pioneers of breakbeat hardcore and jungle music.

This is a document about Shut Up and Let Me Go
  The video for "Shut Up and Let Me Go" was directed by Alex and Liane for Factory Films. The video, filmed in one day, features The Ting Tings performing kung fu and uses a variety of hand gestures to transition from scene to scene. Directors AlexandLiane described the video as "a bit over-ambitious" because of its fight scenes which "were just so time consuming to get right". The various hand gestures were inspired by the Neoist art movement. The video premiered on MTV in America on 13 June 2008. It was nominated for 2008 MTV Video Music Awards for Video of the Year, but lost to Britney Spears' "Piece of Me" and won for Best UK Video.

This is a document about James Barnes (television director)
 Assistant Producer Pick Me MTV ; MTV News Producer London 2012 Olympics (Hockey) Staying Alive: Travis McCoy’s Unbeaten Track ; An MTV Special: A Tribute To Amy Winehouse ; MTV Live: Little Mix ; MTV Live: The Vamps ; MTV Live: Union J ; MTV Live: Conor Maynard ; MTV EMA: Backstage Live (2012, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019) Rihanna Making The Video – Shut Up And Drive ; Backstage at the EMA’s 2007 with Joss Stone ; Craig David Making The Video – ‘Let’s Dance’ ; Backstage at the EMA’s 2008 with Sugababes ; Lil’ Wayne’s World ; I Hate 2008 ; Harry Potter ‘Half Blood Prince’ VT for MTV Movie Awards 2009 ; Help For Haiti Now (London) ; On Set With Nicole Scherzinger ; On Set With The Vamps (2014, 2015) ; On Set With Professor Green     Director  Series Director Pete Doherty In 24 Hours Daisy Lowe In 24 Hours Sarah Harding in 24 Hours Kelly Osbourne in 24 Hours Channel 4's Future Sound Producer Director

This is a document about Shut Up and Dance: Mixes
  Shut Up and Dance: Mixes is a Paula Abdul remix album, released in 1990. It contains dance remixes of the six hit singles from Abdul's debut album Forever Your Girl, one remixed album track and one medley. The album was another huge success for Abdul, peaking at #7 on the Billboard 200. Following Abdul's continued UK singles success throughout 1990, Shut Up and Dance was re-released there late in the same year, featuring an additional four tracks. There were two singles and accompanying music videos released from the project—the "1990 Medley Mix" and "Straight Up (Ultimix mix)".

This is a document about The Final 1 (season 2)
 Group performance: "September" / "Shut Up and Dance"

This is a document about Shut Up and Dance (Walk the Moon song)
  with digital delay, was seen as having been influenced by the Edge of U2. "Shut Up and Dance" is largely based on Petricca's experience that night at The Echo, containing specific lyrical references that refer back to it. The song finds the singer taking to the dance floor with a female friend who wears "[a] backless dress and some beat up sneaks", referring to her as his "discotheque, Juliet teenage dream". The chorus, consisting of two "shut up and dance with me" hook-lines, is accentuated by kick drum hits and accompanied by gang vocals. Jeff Miers of The Buffalo News said that the lyrics "boast the sort of everyman relatability that is required of a pop hit".

This is a document about Golden Boy (Sin with Sebastian song)
  The music video for "Golden Boy" was directed by Austrian director Matthias Schweger. The video is distinctive for content such as faces amongst heaps of fruit and half-naked male dancers moving around the female singer who is holding a baby "golden boy". In 2008, when Sin With Sebastian looked through their archives they found some footage that was filmed during the time of the making of the video clip. Matthias Schweger also directed the music video for "Shut Up (and Sleep with Me)".

This is a document about Shut Up and Dance (Black Mirror)
  "Shut Up and Dance" is the third episode in the third series of the British science fiction anthology series Black Mirror. It was written by series creator and showrunner Charlie Brooker and William Bridges, and premiered on Netflix on 21 October 2016, together with the rest of series three. The episode tells the story of a teenage boy (Alex Lawther) who is blackmailed into committing bizarre and criminal acts by a mysterious hacker possessing a video of him masturbating. The boy is joined by a middle-aged man (Jerome Flynn), whom the same hacker is blackmailing over infidelity. The episode is similar to previous Black Mirror episodes, particularly "White Bear", and is dark in tone. "Shut Up and Dance" received mixed reviews. Critics praised Lawther and Flynn's acting, but were polarised as to whether the episode's tone was effective, whether the plot twist was good and whether the episode had interesting themes. It was ranked poorly in critics' lists of Black Mirror instalments by quality.

This is a document about Will.i.am production discography
 "Shut Up & Dance" (feat. Fergie and will.i.am)

This is a document about Shut Up and Dance (Victoria Duffield album)
  Shut Up and Dance is the debut studio album by Canadian singer Victoria Duffield, released by Warner Music Canada on August 21, 2012. The title track was released as the lead single from the album in July 2011 and peaked at number 12 on the Canadian Hot 100 chart, and was certified platinum in Canada in February 2012. Three additional singles were released from Shut Up and Dance after the album's release: "Feel", "Break My Heart"—which peaked at number 35 on the Canadian Hot 100 and was later certified gold—and "They Don't Know About Us", a collaboration with Cody Simpson.

This is a document about Club Rocker
  wrote: "Ready to reclaim the dancefloor, Inna preserves her festive and dancing spirit while her energy continues to make us move [...]." French portal Pure People felt that the video suited the song well and appealed to the male audience, while a Unica writer thought: "[...] a modern love story was created in a turbulent city." Direct Lyrics's Apaza criticized the music video as a "cheaper copy" of Rihanna's "Shut Up and Drive" (2007) visual. The visual received notable airplay on Polish television, where it peaked at number three on ZPAV's component video chart in September 2011. It was also nominated for "Best Video" at the 2012 Romanian Music Awards, but lost in favor of Romanian singer Andreea Bănică's "Sexy".

This is a document about Shut Up (And Give Me Whatever You Got)
  On 2 November 2012, Lily posted a lyric video on her official Vevo channel. Lily filmed the video for "Shut Up (And Give Me Whatever You Got)" on 19 October 2012. When describing the video, she stated,"There is a lot more attitude in there and it's a lot darker"; "The video is completely different to the first one and a lot of it was all my ideas so I'm excited." Part of the video is also filmed in East London, the same place where a scene of the 2008 film The Dark Knight was filmed. The video appeared on her official Vevo on 28 November 2012. The video features Lily performing the track at a dark, underground gig, while other scenes see her struggling to escape from corridors of glass. On 30 November 2012, a two-minute and twenty-two second Behind the Scenes feature was upload to her official YouTube. Lily revealed on 14 January 2013, an acoustic version of the song on her VEVO account.

This is a document about Rihanna videography
  released from the album. Rihanna flew to Europe to shoot the music videos for the 2007 singles "Shut Up and Drive" and "Don't Stop the Music" in Prague. "Russian Roulette", the lead single from Rihanna's fourth studio album Rated R (2009), featured a cameo appearance by American actor and model Jesse Williams. The music video for the second single, "Hard", was directed by Melina Matsoukas, who also directed the videos for Rihanna's 2010 singles, "Rude Boy" and "Rockstar 101". The same year, Rihanna provided vocals for Eminem's "Love the Way You Lie". The song's accompanying music video features actors Dominic Monaghan and Megan Fox in a love-hate relationship while Eminem and Rihanna perform in

The girl in the "Shut Up and Dance" music video is portrayed by Kendall Schmidt.