Question: when did the last surviver of the titanic die

Answer: 31 May 2009

This is a document about Millvina Dean
  Dean died of pneumonia on the morning of 31 May 2009, 97 years and seven weeks after the Titanic sailed, at a care home in Ashurst, Hampshire. She was cremated, and on 24 October 2009, her ashes were scattered from a launch at the docks in Southampton where the Titanic set sail. Since October 2007, Dean had been the last Titanic survivor, following the death of Barbara West Dainton, who died aged 96 in England.

This is a document about Titanic
  in third-class died. Similarly, five of six first-class and all second-class children survived, but 52 of the 79 in third-class perished. The differences by gender were even bigger: nearly all female crew members, first- and second-class passengers were saved. Men from the First Class died at a higher rate than women from the Third Class. In total, 50% of the children survived, 20% of the men and 75% of the women. The last living survivor, Millvina Dean from England, who at only nine weeks old was the youngest passenger on board, died aged 97 on 31 May 2009. Two special survivors were the stewardess Violet Jessop and the stoker Arthur John Priest, who survived the sinkings of both Titanic and and were aboard  when she was rammed in 1911.

This is a document about Lillian Asplund
  Lillian died in her home in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, on May 6, 2006, at the age of 99. She was buried at the Old Swedish Cemetery in Worcester, alongside her father, mother, and brother. Her death left Barbara West Dainton and Millvina Dean as the last two living survivors of the Titanic. However, as both women were less than a year old at the time, neither had any recollection of the sinking. With Lillian being the last survivor who remembered the disaster, first-hand accounts of the RMS Titanic passed into history upon her death. After Lillian's death, the steamship ticket she had held for so many years was sold at auction in 2009. It was a part of documents and items that were posthumously found in a safety deposit box that were connected to the disaster, such as her father's pocket watch that stopped at 2:19 am.

This is a document about Jane Quick
  Winnifred occasionally granted interviews but for the most part stayed a private person. The fame intensified following the release of James Cameron's film Titanic in 1997 and a grandson ensured her privacy. She died on 4 July 2002 at the age of 98, the fourth-to-last survivor to die. Her passing left Lillian Asplund as the only living survivor with memories of the sinking. Winnifred was the last survivor who did not lose any relatives in the sinking.

This is a document about Barbara West
  Barbara died on 16 October 2007 in Truro, Cornwall, at the age of 96. Her funeral was held on 5 November at Truro Cathedral. To avoid unwanted attention and maintain privacy, Barbara insisted that her funeral take place before any public announcement of her death. With her death, 95-year-old Millvina Dean of Southampton, England, became the last living Titanic survivor; Dean died 19 months later.

This is a document about Barbara West
  Barbara Joyce Dainton (née West, 24 May 1911 – 16 October 2007) was the penultimate remaining survivor of the sinking of the RMS Titanic on 14 April 1912 after hitting an iceberg on its maiden voyage. She was the last living survivor who travelled second-class on the ship.

This is a document about Passengers of the Titanic
  to his new job at a power plant in New York. In 2007, scientists using DNA analysis identified the body of a small, fair-haired toddler, one of the first victims to be recovered by the CS Mackay Bennett, as Frederick's youngest child, 19-month-old Sidney. The Sages, Anderssons and Goodwins all perished in the sinking. The youngest passenger on board the ship, 2-month-old Millvina Dean, who with her parents Bertram Sr. and Eva Dean and older brother Bertram, was emigrating from England to Kansas, died in 2009. She was the last survivor of the Titanic disaster to die. To compete

This is a document about Edith Haisman
  Edith died on 20 January 1997 in a Southampton nursing home at age 100. By her bed stood a photograph of her father in a straw boater, stiff collar and bow tie. She remains one of the longest-lived Titanic survivors. Mary Davies Wilburn holds the record, having died in 1987, at age 104.

This is a document about Sinking of the RMS Lusitania
   The last survivor was Audrey Warren Lawson-Johnston (née Pearl), who was born in New York City on 15 February 1915. She was the fourth of six children (the youngest two born after the disaster) born to Major Frederic "Frank" Warren Pearl (26 August 1869 – 2 January 1952) and Amy Lea (née Duncan; 12 November 1880 – 1 February 1964). She was only three months old when she boarded Lusitania in New York with her parents, three siblings, and two nurses – and due to her age had no first hand recollection of the disaster. She and her brother Stuart (age 5) were saved by their

This is a document about Millvina Dean
  Eliza Gladys Dean (2 February 1912 – 31 May 2009), known as Millvina Dean, was a British civil servant, cartographer, and the last survivor of the sinking of the RMS Titanic on 15 April 1912. At two months old, she was also the youngest passenger aboard.

This is a document about List of last words (20th century)
  will get into one of the other boats." ; — Carl Oscar Vilhelm Gustafsson Asplund, Swedish-American farmer (15 April 1912), to his wife, Selma Johansson Asplund, asking her to board a lifeboat with two of their children during the sinking of the Titanic. Carl Asplund and three of his sons perished. His daughter Lillian Asplund was the last living American survivor of the disaster, dying in 2006. "The ladies have to go first.... Get into the lifeboat, to please me.... Good-bye, dearie. I'll see you later." ; — John Jacob Astor IV, American businessman (15 April 1912), remaining aboard the

This is a document about Frederic Kimber Seward
  Seward, returning from Europe on a business trip, was on board RMS Titanic when it struck an iceberg and sank on the night of April 14, 1912. At the time of impact, he was playing cards with William T. Sloper and Dorothy Gibson in the first class lounge. Seward survived the sinking, escaping in lifeboat 7, the first to leave the ship. Seward filed a joint lawsuit with other survivors against White Star Lines; he himself was legal counsel for a victim of the sinking, John Montgomery Smart, and worked on settling his estate. He also served as the chairman of a committee to honor the bravery of Captain Arthur Rostron of RMS Carpathia and his crew.

This is a document about Eva Hart
  Eva Miriam Hart MBE (31 January 1905 – 14 February 1996) was a British woman who was one of the last remaining survivors of the sinking of RMS Titanic on 15 April 1912.

This is a document about 1912 in the United Kingdom
  member of the Scott expedition (born 1880) ; 29 March – remaining members of the Scott expedition: ; Henry Robertson Bowers, Scottish-born naval officer (born 1883) ; Robert Falcon Scott, naval officer and explorer (born 1868) ; Edward Wilson, physician and naturalist (born 1872) ; 15 April – some victims of the sinking of the RMS Titanic: ; Thomas Andrews, Jr., shipbuilder (born 1873) ; Dai Bowen, boxer (born 1891) ; Thomas Byles, Catholic priest (born 1870) ; Sidney Leslie Goodwin, youngest victim (born 1910) ; Wallace Hartley, ship's band leader and violinist (born 1878) ; William McMaster Murdoch, First Officer (born 1873) ; Jack Phillips, ship's senior wireless officer (born 1887) ; Edward Smith, ship's captain (born 1850) ;

This is a document about April 15
 1912 – Victims of the Titanic disaster: ; Thomas Andrews, Irish shipbuilder (b. 1873) ; John Jacob Astor IV, American colonel, businessman, and author (b. 1864) ; Archibald Butt, American general and journalist (b. 1865) ; Jacques Futrelle, American journalist and author (b. 1875) ; Benjamin Guggenheim, American businessman (b. 1865) ; Henry B. Harris, American producer and manager (b. 1866) ; Wallace Hartley, English violinist and bandleader (b. 1878) ; James Paul Moody, English Sixth Officer (b. 1887) ; William McMaster Murdoch, Scottish First Officer (b. 1873) ; Jack Phillips, English telegraphist (b. 1887) ; Edward Smith, English Captain (b. 1850) ; William Thomas Stead, English journalist (b. 1849) ; Ida

This is a document about Lifeboats of the Titanic
  the ship sank. The identity of the children, who became known as the "Titanic Orphans", was a mystery for some time after the sinking and was only resolved when Navratil's wife recognized them from photographs that had been circulated around the world. Four year-old Michael Joseph Yusuf, who was earlier separated from his mother and sister, was placed in the lifeboat by crew members. The three boys were the last children to be rescued in a lifeboat. The elder of the brothers, Michel Marcel Navratil, was the last living male survivor of the disaster. First class passenger Archibald Gracie began escorting female passengers to the front of the ship.

This is a document about Michel Marcel Navratil
  film, but did so in the comfort of his home, as opposed to survivor Eleanor Johnson Shuman who had met director James Cameron during the production and received a special screening of the film. His daughter Elisabeth recalled her father was touched by the film, and stated that he hoped his father did not suffer for too long in the icy waters. Michel lived the remainder of his life in Montpellier, France. He died on 30 January 2001, at the age of 92, preceded in death by his mother and brother. After the death of Alden Caldwell in December 1992, Michel was the last male survivor of the Titanic sinking.

This is a document about Louise Kink
  Louise Gretchen Kink Pope (April 8, 1908 – August 25, 1992), or Louise Kink, was a Swiss-American woman who was one of the last remaining survivors of the sinking of RMS Titanic on April 15, 1912.

This is a document about Lifeboats of the Titanic
  in. Neshan Krekorian, an Armenian passenger from third class, is said to have jumped into Boat 10 as it was being lowered. Among the people on Boat 10 was the youngest Titanic passenger, nine-week-old Millvina Dean, who was also the last remaining survivor. She accompanied her mother, Mrs. Etta Dean, and older brother, Bertram. Two of those aboard were later transferred to another lifeboat, and it had 55 aboard when it met Carpathia a few hours later. It was the second to last lifeboat to be picked up, at 8:00 a.m.The occupants of Boat 10 numbered around 33 people, including:

This is a document about Frederick Dent Ray
  Frederick Dent Ray (June 20, 1879 - January 15, 1977) was one of the last remaining male survivors of the RMS Titanic and was one of the longest living among the surviving crew.

The last survivor of the Titanic, Millvina Dean, died on 31 May 2009.


Question: standard unit of distance in the metric system

Answer: metre

This is a document about System of measurement
  king's thumb or the size of his foot, the length of stride, the length of arm, or maybe the weight of water in a keg of specific size, perhaps itself defined in hands and knuckles. The unifying characteristic is that there was some definition based on some standard. Eventually cubits and strides gave way to "customary units" to meet the needs of merchants and scientists. In the metric system and other recent systems, a single basic unit is used for each base quantity. Often secondary units (multiples and submultiples) are derived from the basic units by multiplying by powers of ten, i.e. by simply moving the decimal point. Thus the basic metric unit of length is the metre; a distance of 1 m is 1,000 millimetres, or 0.001 kilometres.

This is a document about Road signs in Switzerland and Liechtenstein
  Distances and other measurements are displayed in metric units.

This is a document about List of international common standards
 International System of Units ; Standard mathematical notation ; Metric system

This is a document about Kilometre
  The kilometre (SI symbol: km; or ), spelt kilometer in American English, is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one thousand metres (kilo- being the SI prefix for 1,000). It is now the measurement unit used for expressing distances between geographical places on land in most of the world; notable exceptions are the United States and the United Kingdom where the statute mile is the unit used. The abbreviations k or K (pronounced ) are commonly used to represent kilometre, but are not recommended by the BIPM. A slang term for the kilometre in the US, UK, and Canadian militaries is klick.

This is a document about Decimalisation
  units that are related in other ways, such as those formed by successive doubling or halving, or by more arbitrary conversion factors. Units of physical measurement, such as length and mass, were decimalised with the introduction of the metric system, which has been adopted by almost all countries with the prominent exception of the United States and, to a lesser extent, the United Kingdom. Thus a kilometre is 1000 metres, while a mile is 1,760 yards. Electrical units are decimalised worldwide. Common units of time remain undecimalised; although an attempt was made during the French revolution, this proved to be unsuccessful and was quickly abandoned.

This is a document about Stable count distribution
 steps to travel one unit of distance. Its standard distribution is defined as

This is a document about Space
  The measurement of physical space has long been important. Although earlier societies had developed measuring systems, the International System of Units, (SI), is now the most common system of units used in the measuring of space, and is almost universally used. Currently, the standard space interval, called a standard meter or simply meter, is defined as the distance traveled by light in a vacuum during a time interval of exactly 1/299,792,458 of a second. This definition coupled with present definition of the second is based on the special theory of relativity in which the speed of light plays the role of a fundamental constant of nature.

This is a document about System of measurement
  measurements) were a system of measurement introduced as a compromise between the metric system and traditional measurements. It was used in France from 1812 to 1839. A number of variations on the metric system have been in use. These include gravitational systems, the centimetre–gram–second systems (cgs) useful in science, the metre–tonne–second system (mts) once used in the USSR and the metre–kilogram–second system (mks). In some engineering fields, like computer-aided design, millimetre–gram–second (mmgs) is also used. The current international standard for the metric system is the International System of Units (Système international d'unités or SI). It is a system in which all units can be expressed in terms of seven units. The units that serves as the SI base units are the metre, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, mole, and candela.

This is a document about Length
  In the physical sciences and engineering, when one speaks of, the word is synonymous with distance. There are several units that are used to measure length. Historically, units of length may have been derived from the lengths of human body parts, the distance traveled in a number of paces, the distance between landmarks or places on the Earth, or arbitrarily on the length of some common object. In the International System of Units (SI), the base unit of length is the metre (symbol, m) and is now defined in terms of the speed of light (about 300 million metres per second). The millimetre (mm), centimetre (cm) and the kilometre (km),

This is a document about International System of Units
  Like all metric systems, the SI uses metric prefixes to systematically construct, for the same physical quantity, a set of units that are decimal multiples of each other over a wide range. For example, while the coherent unit of length is the metre, the SI provides a full range of smaller and larger units of length, any of which may be more convenient for any given application – for example, driving distances are normally given in kilometres (symbol km) rather than in metres. Here the metric prefix 'kilo-' (symbol 'k') stands for a factor of 1000; thus, 1 km = 1,000 m. The current

This is a document about Glossary of astronomy
  standard unit of distance equal to the radius of the Earth's (typically measured from the Sun's center to the layer in the at which the optical depth equals 2/3), or approximately 695,700 km. It is commonly used to express the radii of other  and astronomical objects relative to the Sun. solar storm: See. Solar System: The gravitationally bound of the Earth's and all of the objects that orbit it, either directly or indirectly, including the eight true, five, and numerous  such as , , and. solar time: The calculation of the passage of time based on the of the in the Earth's. The fundamental

This is a document about Astronomical system of units
  The astronomical unit of length is now defined as exactly 149 597 870 700 meters. It is approximately equal to the mean Earth–Sun distance. It was formerly defined as that length for which the Gaussian gravitational constant (k) takes the value 0.017 when the units of measurement are the astronomical units of length, mass and time. The dimensions of k2 are those of the constant of gravitation (G), i.e., L3M−1T−2. The term “unit distance” is also used for the length A while, in general usage, it is usually referred to simply as the “astronomical unit”, symbol au. An equivalent formulation of the old definition of the astronomical unit is

This is a document about Measurement
  The metric system is a decimal system of measurement based on its units for length, the metre and for mass, the kilogram. It exists in several variations, with different choices of base units, though these do not affect its day-to-day use. Since the 1960s, the International System of Units (SI) is the internationally recognised metric system. Metric units of mass, length, and electricity are widely used around the world for both everyday and scientific purposes.

This is a document about Metre
  The metre (Commonwealth spelling) or meter (American spelling; see spelling differences) (from the French unit mètre, from the Greek noun μέτρον, "measure") is the base unit of length in the International System of Units (SI). The SI unit symbol is m. The metre is currently defined as the length of the path travelled by light in a vacuum in 1⁄299 792 458 of a second. The metre was originally defined in 1793 as one ten-millionth of the distance from the equator to the North Pole along a great circle, so the Earth's circumference is approximately 40,000 km. In 1799, the metre was redefined in terms of a prototype metre bar (the actual bar used was changed in 1889). In 1960, the metre was redefined in terms of a certain number of wavelengths of a certain emission line of krypton-86. The current definition was adopted in 1983 and modified slightly in 2002 to clarify that the metre is a measure of proper length.

This is a document about Metric units
 International System of Electrical and Magnetic Units ; Metre–tonne–second (MTS) system of units ; MKS system of units Metric units are units based on the metre, gram or second and decimal (power of ten) multiples or sub-multiples of these. The most widely used examples are the units of the International System of Units (SI). By extension they include units of electromagnetism from the CGS and SI units systems, and other units for which use of SI prefixes has become the norm. Other unit systems using metric units include:

This is a document about Unit of length
  The base unit in the International System of Units (SI) is the metre, defined as "the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1⁄299792458 seconds." It is approximately equal to 1.094 yards. Other units are derived from the metre by adding prefixes from the table below: For example, a kilometre is 1,000 meters. A slang term for the kilometre in the US and UK militaries is klick.

This is a document about Astronomical unit
  The astronomical unit (symbol: au, or  or AU) is a unit of length, roughly the distance from Earth to the Sun and equal to about 150 e6km or ~8 light minutes. The actual distance from Earth to the Sun varies by about 3% as Earth orbits the Sun, from a maximum (aphelion) to a minimum (perihelion) and back again once each year. The astronomical unit was originally conceived as the average of Earth's aphelion and perihelion; however, since 2012 it has been defined as exactly 149,597,870,700 metres (see below for several conversions). The astronomical unit is used primarily for measuring distances within the Solar System or around other stars. It is also a fundamental component in the definition of another unit of astronomical length, the parsec.

This is a document about Mile
  The mile, sometimes the international mile or statute mile to distinguish it from other miles, is a British imperial unit and US customary unit of distance; both are based on the older English unit of length equal to 5,280 English feet, or 1,760 yards. The statute mile was standardised between the British Commonwealth and the United States by an international agreement in 1959, when it was formally redefined with respect to SI units as exactly 1,609.344 metres. With qualifiers, mile is also used to describe or translate a wide range of units derived from or roughly equivalent to the Roman mile, such as the nautical mile (now 1.852 km exactly), the Italian mile (roughly 1.852 km), and the Chinese mile (now 500 m exactly). The Romans divided their mile into 5,000 Roman feet but the greater importance of furlongs in Elizabethan-era England meant

This is a document about Astronomical unit
  distances within the Solar System. The 1976 definition of the astronomical unit was incomplete because it did not specify the frame of reference in which time is to be measured, but proved practical for the calculation of ephemerides: a fuller definition that is consistent with general relativity was proposed, and "vigorous debate" ensued until August 2012 when the IAU adopted the current definition of 1 astronomical unit = 149,597,870,700 metres. The astronomical unit is typically used for stellar system scale distances, such as the size of a protostellar disk or the heliocentric distance of an asteroid, whereas other units

This is a document about Metric system
   The metric system is a system of measurement that succeeded the decimalised system based on the metre introduced in France in the 1790s. The historical development of these systems culminated in the definition of the International System of Units (SI), under the oversight of an international standards body. The historical evolution of metric systems has resulted in the recognition of several principles. Each of the fundamental dimensions of nature is expressed by a single base unit of measure. The definition of base units has increasingly been realised from natural principles, rather than by copies of physical artefacts. For quantities derived from the fundamental base units of the system,

The standard unit of distance in the metric system is the kilometer (km). It is equal to one thousand meters.


Question: who plays zack in suite life on deck

Answer: Dylan Sprouse

This is a document about The Suite Life Sets Sail
  Hotel heiress London Tipton (Brenda Song) and twins Zack (Dylan Sprouse) and Cody Martin (Cole Sprouse) are to attend a new semester in Seven Seas High School on the SS Tipton, a cruise ship owned by Wilfred Tipton (voiced by Bob Joles and played by Adam Tait in The Suite Life of Zack & Cody; played by John Michael Higgins in the special Suite Life On Deck episode "Twister"). (which was seen in one episode of the predecessor). Meanwhile, Mr. Moseby (Phill Lewis) tricks London into thinking that she is on vacation (which is not true), and a girl named Bailey Pickett sneaks into the bathrooms to disguise herself as a male, doing so since there are no more cabins left for women. London bribes her

This is a document about The Suite Life of Zack & Cody
  The Suite Life on Deck is a sequel to The Suite Life of Zack & Cody, that debuted on Disney Channel on September 26, 2008, set on a cruise ship with Zack, Cody, and London attending a semester-at-sea program, while Mr. Moseby manages the ship. Debby Ryan joins the cast as Bailey Pickett, who becomes Zack and Cody's friend (and Cody's girlfriend) and London's friend and roommate. The series also introduces Doc Shaw as Marcus Little, a former superstar who lost his fame after his voice changed. While an attempted spin-off, Arwin!, which was to star Selena Gomez and Brian Stepanek, was not picked up by Disney Channel, The Suite Life on Deck skipped the pilot process and went straight to the series. On September 20, 2010, Disney Channel announced that production has begun for a Disney Channel Original Movie based on The Suite Life of Zack & Cody and The Suite Life on Deck. The Suite Life Movie premiered on the Disney Channel in the United States and Canada on March 25, 2011. The Suite Life on Deck eventually ended on May 6, 2011.

This is a document about Manuel Meli
 Nick Daley in Night at the Museum ; Ronnie Tyler in The Fourth Kind ; Evan Taylor in August Rush ; Eddie Tudor and Tom Canty in A Modern Twain Story: The Prince and the Pauper ; Billy Madsen in Wild Hogs ; Micheal Myers in Halloween (2007 film) ; Cody Martin in The Suite Life of Zack & Cody ; Cody Martin in The Suite Life on Deck ; Cody Martin in The Suite Life Movie ; Josh in Blue's Clues & You ; James "JJ" Powell, Jr in No Ordinary Family ; Arthur in Arthur and the Revenge of Maltazard ; Tom Brooks in Gary Unmarried ; Jack in Everybody's Fine (2009 film) ; Lee Pearson in Aliens in the Attic ; Micah Sanders in Heroes ; Lex Martin in Flight 29 Down ;

This is a document about London Tipton
  want a cabin-mate), they have since become friends. A bone of contention is tales of Bailey's large family, which the parentally-ignored London often envies. ; Zack and Cody Martin (Dylan and Cole Sprouse) London maintains a close friendship with the twins. Cody is her web caster and often helps her with difficult homework assignments, and London often gets mixed up in Zack's various schemes. ; Woody Fink (Matthew Timmons) - Cody's cabin-mate in The Suite Life on Deck. ; Marcus Little (Doc Shaw) - Zack's cabin-mate, former singing sensation, previously known as 'Lil' Little', who leaves the ship to star in a Broadway

This is a document about Zack and Cody Martin
  Zack Martin (played by Dylan Sprouse) and Cody Martin (played by Cole Sprouse) are the main characters created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan for The Suite Life of Zack & Cody and its sequel, The Suite Life on Deck. They appear on crossover episodes of other Disney Channel series also, such as That's So Raven, Wizards of Waverly Place, Hannah Montana, I'm in the Band, So Random!, and the special Studio DC: Almost Live.

This is a document about London Tipton
 Wilfred Tipton (voiced by Bob Joles in The Suite Life of Zack & Cody; played by John Michael Higgins in The Suite Life on Deck) - The owner of the Tipton hotel, Khun Yai's son-in-law, and father to London. His face had never been shown until the third part of the Twister trilogy. He is most commonly seen surrounded by his bodyguards and usually only his hand is shown. In "Not so Suite 16", his body and legs were shown, but his face was hidden by a large birthday present. It is not clear how he became the owner of the Tipton, because London mentions many times that her father bought the hotel while, in a few episodes, it is said that Tipton's ancestors owned the hotel before he did. Wilfred rarely sees London in person. He often

This is a document about Carey (given name)
 Carey Martin, in the Disney Channel sitcoms The Suite Life of Zack & Cody and The Suite Life on Deck

This is a document about Dylan Sprouse
  Dylan Thomas Sprouse (born August 4, 1992) is an American actor. He is the twin brother of Cole Sprouse and is best known for his role as Zack Martin on the Disney Channel series The Suite Life of Zack & Cody and its spin-off, The Suite Life on Deck.

This is a document about Jareb Dauplaise
  Suite Life of Zack & Cody||Wayne Wormser|| ; 2007||Monk||Pez|| ; 2008||ER||Chris Hawkins|| ; 2009||Zeke & Luther||The Goose|| ; 2009||Blimp Prom||Trent|| ; 2010||Breaking In||Eddie Gold|| ; 2010-2011||The Hard Times of RJ Berger||Miles Jenner|| ; 2010||Silent Library||Himself|| ; 2013||Rizzoli & Ies||Stuart Strawbridge|| ; 2013||Mad Men||Richard Duffy|| ; 2015||It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia ||Tom|| ; 2016 ; The Big Bang Theory ; Jeff 2010-2011||The Hard Times of RJ Berger||Miles Jenner|| ; 2010||Silent Library||Himself|| ; 2013||Rizzoli & Ies||Stuart Strawbridge|| ; 2013||Mad Men||Richard Duffy|| ; 2015||It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia ||Tom|| ; 2016 ; The Big Bang Theory ; Jeff 2015||It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia ||Tom|| ; 2016 ; The Big Bang Theory ; Jeff The Big Bang Theory ; Jeff {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="4"|Film !Year!!Title!!Role!!Notes !colspan="4"|Television !Year!!Title!!Role!!Notes

This is a document about List of recurring characters in The Suite Life of Zack & Cody
 In The Suite Life on Deck episode, "Twister: Part 3", Wilfred Tipton (played by John Michael Higgins) finally reveals himself, who is called by a reluctant Cody trying to rescue the Pickett Farm, although Wilfred Tipton buys the destroyed house to build a plastic bag factory. Cody tries to force Mr. Tipton out of the area by saying the dirt in the area contains powerful diseases, but Zack and Woody ruin the plot when they used peeling skin (Mr. Tipton said he watched a movie involving peeling skin). However, his daughter, London, seeing the strong emotions from the group, blackmails Wilfred. After the blackmail, Mr. Tipton leaves, but

This is a document about The Suite Life Sets Sail
  "The Suite Life Sets Sail" is the pilot episode of the Disney Channel sitcom The Suite Life on Deck, sequel and spin-off to the original series. Debby Ryan joins the cast as Bailey Pickett, close friends with Zack, girlfriend to Cody and roommate with London, as well as Ashley Tisdale leaving the main cast due to Maddie Fitzpatrick having to attend college. After an original sequel named Arwin! was not picked up by Disney Channel, the creators decided to change the concept. The series premiere in the United States drew 5.7 million viewers, and it became the most watched pilot in Canada and on Family Channel. This also outpaced veteran series Hannah Montana and Wizards of Waverly Place with the ratings.

This is a document about The Suite Life of Zack & Cody
  The Suite Life of Zack & Cody is an American sitcom created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan. The series aired on Disney Channel from March 18, 2005, to September 1, 2008. The series was nominated for an Emmy Award three times and was also nominated for a Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award three times. The series is set in the Tipton Hotel in Boston and centers on Zack and Cody Martin (Dylan and Cole Sprouse), a set of twins who live at the Tipton Hotel. The series' other main characters include the Tipton hotel's heiress London Tipton (Brenda Song), the hotel's candy counter girl Maddie Fitzpatrick (Ashley Tisdale), the manager, Mr. Marion Moseby

This is a document about Wizards of Waverly Place (season 2)
  Harper now knows, as of the season’s eighth episode, that Alex, Justin and Max are wizards. Alex and Justin have new love interests Dean Moriarty (Daniel Samonas), and Juliet Van Heusen (Bridgit Mendler) respectively. The series characters cross over with The Suite Life on Deck and Hannah Montana in part one and two of "Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana" featuring cast members from The Suite Life on Deck namely, Dylan and Cole Sprouse, Brenda Song, Debby Ryan and Phill Lewis. Guest stars and recurring cast include: Dan Benson, Bill Chott, Skyler Samuels, Josh Sussman, Daryl Sabara, Cindy Crawford, Fred Willard, Rachel Dratch, Dwayne Johnson, Misty May-Treanor, JD Cullum, Anne Ramsay, Amanda Tepe and Jeff Garlin.

This is a document about Mr. Moseby
  In that episode he meets Jessie, and is baffled at her uncanny resemblance to his former cruise student Bailey Pickett (both characters are played by Debby Ryan). Brandon Mychal Smith portrayed an exaggerated version of the character in a sketch based on The Suite Life on Deck, in the So Random! episode "Cole & Dylan Sprouse" rather than Phill Lewis. Lewis provided the voice of a hotel manager based on Mr. Moseby in the Phineas and Ferb episode "Phineas and Ferb Hawaiian Vacation". Perhaps intentionally, the episode gives him several scenes in which he interacts with character Candace Flynn, who is portrayed in the show by fellow The Suite Life of Zack & Cody star Ashley Tisdale.

This is a document about A.N.T. Farm
  from the music business to the movie business to the restaurant business. ; Claire Engler as Violet (season 2), a new A.N.T. gifted in sports and athletics. She is aggressive as she has an explosive temper. ; Dominic Burgess as Zoltan Grundy (season 3), a businessman who is the CEO of Z-Tech and its respective school. ; Zibby Allen as Madame Goo Goo, a pop celebrity, who is a parody of Lady Gaga; and Winter Maddox (season 3), Zoltan Grundy's Vice President of Acquisitions ; Piper Curda as Kennedy Van Buren / Kumiko Hashimoto (season 3), a student at Z-Tech who pretends to be Kennedy, a debate prodigy, but is actually the daughter of Mr. Hashimoto. ; Tom Choi as Mr. Hashimoto (season 3), a Japanese CEO of the Hashimoto Soda Company who first appeared in The Suite Life on Deck. He is behind the sabotage of the Z-phones.

This is a document about Hitomi Hase
 Cold Case - Young Ariel Shuman (Daveigh Chase) ; The Suite Life of Zack & Cody - Cody Martin (Cole Sprouse) ; The Suite Life on Deck - Cody Martin (Cole Sprouse)

This is a document about Cross-dressing in film and television
  pretended to be a boy so she could attend Seven Seas High on the SS Tipton because all of the girls rooms were taken. She becomes Zack's roommate and he agrees to keep it a secret. It is quickly found that Bailey is actually a girl and she ends up rooming with London. ; The Suite Life of Zack & Cody - Both Zack and Cody (played by real-life twins Cole and Dylan Sprouse) cross-dress in several episodes for numerous reasons; one most notably being Cody entering a beauty pageant for young girls while Zack approves of it because the

This is a document about The Suite Life on Deck
 Kim Rhodes: Carey Martin (1: "The Suite Life Sets Sail", 1: "Mom and Dad on Deck", 3: "Trouble in Tokyo", 3: "Graduation on Deck") ; Ashley Tisdale: Maddie Fitzpatrick (1: "Maddie on Deck") ; Miley Cyrus: Miley Stewart/Hannah Montana (1: "Double-Crossed") ; Emily Osment: Lilly Truscott/Lola Luftnagle (1: "Double-Crossed") ; Selena Gomez: Alex Russo (1: "Double-Crossed") ; David Henrie: Justin Russo (1: "Double-Crossed") ; Jake T. Austin: Max Russo (1: "Double-Crossed") ; Jordin Sparks: Herself (2: "Crossing Jordin") ; Kathie Lee Gifford: Cindy (2: "Model Behavior") ; George Takei: Rome Tipton (2: "Starship Tipton") ; Sean Kingston: Himself (3: "Party On!") ; Dwight Howard: Dwight Moseby Howard (3: "Twister, Part 1") ; Deron Williams: Himself (3: "Twister, Part 1") ; Kevin Love: Himself (3: "Twister, Part 1") ; Hutch Dano: Moose (1: "Mulch Ado About Nothing", 3: "Twister, Part 2") ; John Michael Higgins: Wilfred Tipton (3: "Twister, Part 3") ; Jennifer Tisdale: Connie Fitzpatrick (1: "Flowers and Chocolate", 1:"Cruisin For A Bruisin") ; Cody Kennedy as Mischa (3: "Das Boots")

This is a document about London Tipton
  Fitness, is one of London's rich friends. She attends London's junior fashion show in the episode, and frequently insults London and Maddie. Georgina Rosso, who portrays Francesca, is the older sister of Rebecca and Camilla Rosso, the twins that portray Jessica and Janice. ; Maya Bennett (Zoey Deutch) - Zack's ex-girlfriend. ; Addison (Rachael Kathryn Bell) - Classmate in The Suite Life on Deck. ; Arturo Vitali (Todd Sherry) - London's favorite fashion designer. Although mentioned frequently in the series (London is constantly wearing his clothes and accessories), he makes just one appearance, in The Suite Life on Deck Season 3 episode "Frozen."

This is a document about James Snyder (actor)
 Anna's Dream, Kyle (TV movie), 2002 ; Married to the Kellys, Zac (1 episode), 2004 ; Gilmore Girls, Yale Guy No. 1 (1 episode), 2004 ; The Suite Life of Zack & Cody, Jason Harrington (1 episode), 2005 ; Related, Collin, (1 episode), 2005 ; Without a Trace, Breck Mulligan (1 episode), 2006 ; Cold Case, Bingo Zohar '53 (1 episode), 2007 ; Eli Stone, Carter Jameson (1 episode), 2008 ; 5 or Die, Freddy (short), 2008 ; Drop Dead Diva, David (1 episode), 2010 ; CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Hunter Ahearn (1 episode), 2011 ; Blue Bloods, Billy Coffin (1 episode), 2011 ; The Outrageously Fabulous Weekly Parody Show, Ensemble (1 episode), 2012 ; Internet Icon, Actor (1 episode), 2013 ; Rizzoli and Isles, Brad Adams (1 episode), 2013 ; Hey Kid: Backstage at If/Then with James Snyder, Self (24 episodes), 2014–15 ; The Good Wife, Gil Berridge (1 episode), 2015

Dylan Sprouse plays Zack in Suite Life on Deck.


Question: when was the last time croatia made it to semi finals

Answer: 11 July 2018

This is a document about Croatia at the FIFA World Cup
  Croatia national football team have appeared in the FIFA World Cup on five occasions (in 1998, 2002, 2006, 2014 and 2018) since gaining independence in 1991. Before that, from 1930 to 1990 Croatia was part of Yugoslavia. Their best result thus far was reaching the 2018 final, where they lost 4–2 to France.

This is a document about Croatia national football team records and statistics
 *Draws include knockout matches decided on penalty kicks; correct as of 14 November 2021 after the match against Russia. Croatia qualified for and competed in three consecutive World Cup tournaments between 1998 and 2006, but failed to qualify for the 2010 World Cup in South Africa after finishing 3rd in Group 6 behind England and Ukraine. Although they had joined both FIFA and UEFA by 1992, they were unable to enter the 1994 World Cup as qualification had started before the side was officially recognised as a state. In the following three World Cup groups they were eliminated after finishing third in all of them, before finally advancing further than the group stage at the 2018 World Cup. On 11 July 2018, Croatia won their semi-final match against England, advancing the national team to their first FIFA World Cup final wherein they secured second place as runners-up against winners France. Supplanting their third place positioning in 1998, this is the nation's best performance to date.

This is a document about Croatia at the UEFA European Championship
  The UEFA European Championship is one of the major competitive international football tournaments, first played in 1960, whose finals stage has been held every four years, with the sixteenth staging of the competition occurring in 2021 (postponed for a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe). The Croatia national football team did not enter the competition until 1996, having been part of Yugoslavia up until the qualifying stages for the 1992 edition. Croatia has competed in the qualifying competition every time since, for a total of seven tournaments, although failing to qualify for the finals proper on one occasion, in 2000 (played in Belgium and the Netherlands). The team's best performances have been reaching the quarter-finals twice — in 1996 and 2008, losing to Germany and Turkey, respectively.

This is a document about Croatia national football team
  The Croatia national football team (Hrvatska nogometna reprezentacija) represents Croatia in men's international football matches and is controlled by the Croatian Football Federation (HNS). The team was recognised by both FIFA and UEFA following dissolution of Yugoslavia. Sides were active during periods of political upheaval, representing sovereign entities such as the Banovina of Croatia from 1939 to 1941 or the Independent State of Croatia from 1941 to 1944. The modern-day team has played competitive matches since 1994 starting with the qualifying campaign for the 1996 European Championship. In 1998, they competed in their first FIFA World Cup, finishing third and providing the tournament's top scorer, Davor Šuker. Twenty years later, Croatia reached the 2018 World Cup Final, providing the tournament's best player, Luka Modrić. They are one of the youngest national teams (since

This is a document about 2010 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship first qualifying round
 Host country: Croatia

This is a document about Croatia national football team results (2010–2019)
  This is a list of the Croatia national football team results from 2010 to 2019. Croatia missed out on the 2010 FIFA World Cup, but then qualified for UEFA Euro 2012, the 2014 FIFA World Cup, and UEFA Euro 2016, making it to the second round in the latter. Then, at the 2018 FIFA World Cup, the team achieved the best result in its history: it finished second and won the silver medal as it reached the final and lost to France. Afterwards, Croatia entered League A of the inaugural 2018–19 edition of the UEFA Nations League. Based on its final ranking the team would have been relegated to League B, but a revamp of the competition's format meant it remained in League A for the following season. At the end of the decade, Croatia qualified for UEFA Euro 2020.

This is a document about Croatia national football team
  to reach the knockout stage of a major tournament as well as the youngest team to occupy the top 10 in the FIFA World Rankings. Among other nicknames, the team is colloquially referred to as the Vatreni (Blazers) or the Kockasti (The Checkered Ones). In the Italian-speaking counties the team is known as Il furioso incendio (The Blazing Fire). Since becoming eligible to compete, Croatia has only failed to qualify for two major tournaments: the UEFA Euro 2000 and the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Their biggest defeat came in the 2018–19 Nations League with a 6–0 loss to Spain, while their highest-scoring victory was a 10–0 friendly win over San Marino in 2016. The team have developed several rivalries such as the Derby Adriatico with Italy or the politically charged rivalry with

This is a document about Luka Modrić
  has qualified for, including the UEFA European Championship in 2008, 2012, 2016, and 2020, as well as the FIFA World Cup in 2006, 2014, and 2018. At Euro 2008, he was selected for the Team of the Tournament, becoming only the second Croatian to ever achieve this honour. Following group stage eliminations in his first two World Cups, Modrić led Croatia to the 2018 World Cup Final, and he received the Golden Ball award for best player of the tournament. In March 2021, he went on to become the country's most capped player in history. Furthermore, he has been named Croatian Footballer of the Year a record nine times between 2007 and 2020.

This is a document about Zlatko Dalić
  football heavyweights Argentina, winning by a scoreline of 3–0, with Ante Rebić, Luka Modrić and Ivan Rakitić scoring the goals. The victory led Croatia to a spot in the knockout stage for the first time since the 1998 FIFA World Cup, in which they finished third place. On 26 June, Croatia topped their group with maximum points following a 2–1 win over Iceland, and drew Denmark in the round of sixteen, advancing after a penalty shootout. Croatia again won through a penalty shootout against hosts Russia in the quarter-finals, setting up a semi-final tie against England. On 11 July, Croatia beat England 2–1, advancing to the final, where they lost 4–2

This is a document about Croatia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018
  Prior to the 2017 contest, Croatia had participated in the Eurovision Song Contest twenty-three times since their debut in Millstreet 1993. The nation's highest placing in the contest was fourth, which they achieved two times: in 1996 with the song "Sveta ljubav" performed by Maja Blagdan and in 1999 with "Marija Magdalena" performed by Doris Dragović. Following the introduction of semi-finals for the 2004 contest, Croatia had featured in six finals. Croatia's least successful result in the final has been twenty-third place, which they achieved in 2016 with the song "Lighthouse" performed by Nina Kraljić, their first final performance after 7 years. And Croatia's least successful result in semi final has been sixteenth place, which they achieved in 2007 with the song "Vjerujem u ljubav", performed by Dragonfly and Dado Topić. In 2017, Croatia qualified to the final, placing 13th with the song "My Friend", performed by Jacques Houdek.

This is a document about Sport in Croatia
  club in Europe, occupying the 77th spot. The Croatian Cup is the main knock-out tournament in Croatian football, and has also been dominated by Dinamo Zagreb and Hajduk Split. The Croatian Supercup is contested between the champions of the Prva HNL and the Croatian Cup. No Croatian club has ever won the UEFA Champions League, however Hajduk Split, at the time Croatia's premier club, made it to the quarter-finals of the 1994–95 league, losing on aggregate to eventual champion Ajax. The Croatia national football team won a bronze medal in the 1998 FIFA World Cup and a silver medal in the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Davor Šuker won the Golden Boot as the top goalscorer in 1998 and Luka Modrić

This is a document about Football in Croatia
 Hajduk Split is the only Croatian club to date—either during the Yugoslav period or since independence—to have played in the knockout stages of the European Cup or UEFA Champions League, having reached the quarter-finals on three occasions (in 1975–76, 1979–80 and 1994–95). ; Dinamo Zagreb have qualified for the Champions League group stage on seven occasions (in 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2015–16, 2016–17 and 2019–20) but have yet to progress further. ; Both Dinamo and Hajduk have advanced past the round of sixteen of the UEFA Cup or UEFA Europa League, Hajduk played in the semi-finals in 1983–84 and the quarterfinals in 1985–86. They also reached the UEFA Cup's last sixteen in 1981–82 and 1986–87, while Dinamo Zagreb reached the quarterfinals in 2020–21 and the last sixteen in 1997–98 and 2018–19. ; Dinamo

This is a document about 2018 FIFA World Cup Final
  of their group behind Sweden, Mexico and South Korea. France had won the World Cup once before, beating Brazil in the 1998 final. They had also finished as losing finalists once, to Italy in 2006. The team had reached the quarter-final of the previous World Cup, and then finished as runners-up to Portugal at Euro 2016, a tournament hosted in France. The 2018 final was the first for Croatia in their fifth World Cup appearance. They became the tenth European country and thirteenth overall to reach a World Cup final. Their previous best performance was at the 1998 World Cup, where they reached the semi-final before losing to France. Croatia had been eliminated in the group stage at the 2014 tournament,

This is a document about Croatia national football team
  period between 1995 and 2011, Croatia never won a competitive match at Poljud, which the local media dubbed "Poljudsko prokletsvo" ("the Poljud curse"). The run was finally ended after the team came from behind to beat Georgia on 3 June 2011. Qualifying fixtures have also been played at the Stadion Kantrida in Rijeka along with Stadion Gradski vrt in Osijek and the Stadion Varteks in Varaždin. These venues are less used due to their more remote locations and smaller seating capacity, despite objections from local residents and some players. The following table provides a summary Croatia results at various venues used for home games. Since Croatia's first match in October 1990, they played home games at eleven stadiums around the country. The following table provides a summary of Croatia's results at home venues. Last updated: Croatia vs. Russia, 14 November 2021 Statistics include only official matches recognized by HNS

This is a document about 2018 FIFA World Cup Final
  enforces a ban on political slogans. Croatia's semi-final match against England, on 11 July at the Luzhniki, began as they conceded a free kick goal by English defender Kieran Trippier in the fifth minute. Croatia resisted several attempts by England to score a second goal in the first half. Croatia managed an equalising goal of their own through a shot by Perišić in the 68th minute. The match was won 2–1 by Croatia after a 109th-minute goal by Mandžukić. This made Croatia the first team to earn three come-from-behind victories in the FIFA World Cup, all three matches also going into extra time.

This is a document about Croatia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019
  Prior to the 2019 Contest, Croatia had participated in the Eurovision Song Contest twenty-four times since its first entry in. Croatia's highest placing in the contest, to this point, has been fourth place, which the nation achieved on two occasions: in 1996 with the song "Sveta ljubav" performed by Maja Blagdan and in 1999 "Marija Magdalena" performed by Doris Dragović. Following the introduction of semi-finals for the 2004 contest, Croatia had featured in seven finals. In 2018, Croatia failed to qualify to the final, placing 17th in the first semi-final with the song "Crazy" performed by Franka.

This is a document about Croatia
  2018 FIFA World Cup. Croatia hosted several major sports competitions, including the 2009 World Men's Handball Championship, the 2007 World Table Tennis Championships, the 2000 World Rowing Championships, the 1987 Summer Universiade, the 1979 Mediterranean Games, and several European Championships. The governing sports authority in the country is the Croatian Olympic Committee (Hrvatski olimpijski odbor), founded on 10 September 1991 and recognised by the International Olympic Committee since 17 January 1992, in time to permit the Croatian athletes to appear at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France representing the newly independent nation for the first time at the Olympic Games.

This is a document about 2018 FIFA World Cup Final
  reaching the round-of-16 at Euro 2016, where they lost to eventual-winners Portugal. The final was the sixth meeting between the two teams, with France undefeated in the previous fixtures with three wins and two draws. Croatia's team at the time was described by many pundits as a golden generation, with Luka Modrić, Ivan Rakitić and Mario Mandžukić as the key players, although with many members of the team having passed the age of thirty, the 2018 World Cup was described as "surely a last quest towards making an impact on the greatest stage" by The Guardian Shaun Walker. The final was the ninth all-European World Cup final, the most recent having been in 2010 when Spain won 1–0 against the Netherlands.

This is a document about Croatia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2021
  Prior to the 2021 Contest, Croatia had participated in the Eurovision Song Contest twenty-five times since its first entry in. Croatia's highest placing in the contest, to this point, has been fourth place, which the nation achieved on two occasions: in 1996 with the song "Sveta ljubav" performed by Maja Blagdan and in 1999 "Marija Magdalena" performed by Doris Dragović. Following the introduction of semi-finals for the 2004 contest, Croatia had featured in seven finals. In 2019, Croatia failed to qualify to the final, placing 14th in the second semi-final with the song "The Dream" performed by Roko. In 2020, Damir Kedžo was due to represent Croatia with the song "Divlji vjetre" before the contest's cancellation.

This is a document about Croatia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018
  the two semi-finals, as well as which half of the show they would perform in. Croatia was placed into the first semi-final, to be held on 8 May 2018, and was scheduled to perform in the second half of the show. Once all the competing songs for the 2018 contest had been released, the running order for the semi-finals was decided by the shows' producers rather than through another draw, so that similar songs were not placed next to each other. Croatia was set to perform in position 12, following the entry from Macedonia and preceding the entry from Austria.

The last time Croatia made it to the semi-finals of the UEFA European Championship was in 2018.


Question: when did the articles of confederation go into effect

Answer: March 1 , 1781

This is a document about History of the United States Constitution
  The Articles of Confederation was approved by the Second Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, and sent to the states for ratification. It came into force on March 1, 1781, after being ratified by all 13 states. Over the previous four years it had been used by Congress as a "working document" to administer the early United States government and win the Revolutionary War. Lasting successes under the Articles of Confederation included the Treaty of Paris with Britain and the Land Ordinance of 1785, whereby Congress promised settlers west of the Appalachian Mountains full citizenship and eventual statehood. Some historians characterize this period from 1781 to 1789 as weakness, dissension, and

This is a document about Articles of Confederation
  The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first frame of government. It was approved after much debate (between July 1776 and November 1777) by the Second Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, and sent to the states for ratification. The Articles of Confederation came into force on March 1, 1781, after ratification by all the states. A guiding principle of the Articles was to preserve the independence and sovereignty of the states. The weak central government established by the Articles received only those powers which the former colonies had recognized as belonging to king and parliament. The document provided clearly written rules for how the

This is a document about List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union
  The Second Continental Congress approved the Articles of Confederation for ratification by the individual states on November 15, 1777. The Articles of Confederation came into force on March 1, 1781, after being ratified by all 13 states. On March 4, 1789, the general government under the Articles was replaced with the federal government under the present Constitution.

This is a document about History of the United States Congress
  The Articles of Confederation was written in 1776, and came into effect in 1781. This established a weak central government, with only a unicameral body, in which each state was equally represented and each had a veto over most actions. There was no executive or judicial branch. This congress was given limited authority over foreign affairs and military matters, but not to collect taxes, regulate interstate commerce, or enforce laws. This system of government did not work well, with economic fights among the states, and an inability to suppress rebellion or guarantee the national defense. Annapolis became the temporary capital of the United States after the

This is a document about President of the United States
  sent it to the states for ratification. Under the Articles, which took effect on March 1, 1781, the Congress of the Confederation was a central political authority without any legislative power. It could make its own resolutions, determinations, and regulations, but not any laws, and could not impose any taxes or enforce local commercial regulations upon its citizens. This institutional design reflected how Americans believed the deposed British system of Crown and Parliament ought to have functioned with respect to the royal dominion: a superintending body for matters that concerned the entire empire. The states were out from under any

This is a document about 1781 in the United States
 American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) ; Articles of Confederation in effect (1781–1788)

This is a document about 1782 in the United States
 American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) ; Articles of Confederation in effect (1781–1788)

This is a document about 1783 in the United States
 American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) ; Articles of Confederation in effect (1781–1788)

This is a document about Articles of Confederation
  The Articles of Confederation was submitted to the states for ratification in late November 1777. The first state to ratify was Virginia on December 16, 1777; 12 states had ratified the Articles by February 1779, 14 months into the process. The lone holdout, Maryland, refused to go along until the landed states, especially Virginia, had indicated they were prepared to cede their claims west of the Ohio River to the Union. It would be two years before the Maryland General Assembly became satisfied that the various states would follow through, and voted to ratify. During this time, Congress observed the Articles as its de facto frame of government. Maryland finally ratified the Articles on February 2, 1781. Congress was informed of Maryland's assent on March 1, and officially proclaimed the Articles of Confederation to be the law of the land. The several states ratified the Articles of Confederation on the following dates:

This is a document about American Revolution
  entire Congress on July 4, and each colony became an independent and autonomous state. The next step was to form a union to facilitate international relations and alliances. The Second Continental Congress approved the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union for ratification by the states on November 15, 1777; the Congress immediately began operating under the Articles' terms, providing a structure of shared sovereignty during prosecution of the war and facilitating international relations and alliances with France and Spain. The Articles were fully ratified on March 1, 1781. At that point, the Continental Congress was dissolved and a new government of the United States in Congress Assembled took its place on the following day, with Samuel Huntington as presiding officer.

This is a document about Thomas Sim Lee
  February, a Friday, as the last piece of business during the afternoon Session, "among engrossed Bills" was "signed and sealed by the Governor, in the Senate Chamber, in the presence of the members of both Houses...an Act to empower the delegates of this state in Congress to subscribe and ratify the articles of confederation." The Senate then adjourned "to the first Monday in August next". The formal signing of the Articles by the Maryland delegates took place in Philadelphia at noon time on March 1, 1781. With these events, the Articles entered into force and the United States came into being as a united and sovereign nation.

This is a document about National Institute of Standards and Technology
  The Articles of Confederation, ratified by the colonies in 1781, provided: "The United States in Congress assembled shall also have the sole and exclusive right and power of regulating the alloy and value of coin struck by their own authority, or by that of the respective states—fixing the standards of weights and measures throughout the United States." Article 1, section 8, of the Constitution of the United States, ratified in 1789, granted these powers to the new Congress: "The Congress shall have power ... To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures". In

This is a document about Second Continental Congress
  to York, Pennsylvania, and continued their work. Congress passed the Articles of Confederation on November 15, 1777, after more than a year of debate, and sent it to the states for ratification. Approval by all 13 states was required for the establishment of the constitution. Jefferson's proposal for a Senate to represent the states and a House to represent the people was rejected, but a similar proposal was adopted later in the United States Constitution. One issue of debate was large states wanting a larger say, nullified by small states who feared tyranny. The small states won and each state had

This is a document about List of delegates to the Continental Congress
  new country on July 2, 1776, and it agreed to the Declaration of Independence two days later. Afterward, the Congress functioned as the provisional government of the United States through March 1, 1781. During this period, in addition to successfully managing the war effort, its primary achievements included: drafting the Articles of Confederation, the first U.S. Constitution; securing diplomatic recognition and support from foreign nations; and resolving state land claims west of the Appalachian Mountains. When the Articles of Confederation came into force on March 1, 1781, after being ratified by all 13 states, the Continental Congress became the

This is a document about Articles of Confederation
  March 1, 1781, and was celebrated in the afternoon. With these events, the Articles were entered into force and the United States of America came into being as a sovereign federal state. Congress had debated the Articles for over a year and a half, and the ratification process had taken nearly three and a half years. Many participants in the original debates were no longer delegates, and some of the signers had only recently arrived. The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union were signed by a group of men who were never present in the Congress at the same time.

This is a document about History of the United States Constitution
  organizing the new government began. On September 13, 1788, the Congress of the Confederation certified that the new Constitution had been ratified by more than enough states for it to go into effect. Congress fixed the city of New York as the temporary seat of the new government and set the dates for the election of representatives and presidential electors. It also set the date for operations to begin under the new government. This occurred on March 4, 1789, when the First Congress convened. The membership of the new Congress was decidedly federalist. In the eleven-state (minus North Carolina and Rhode Island) Senate 20

This is a document about John Hanson
  Congress was nearly expired. The Maryland Assembly re-elected him as a delegate on November 28, 1781, and so Hanson continued to serve as president until November 4, 1782. The Articles of Confederation stipulated that presidents of Congress serve one-year terms, and Hanson became the first to do so. Contrary to the claims of some of his later advocates, however, he was not the first president to serve under the Articles nor the first to be elected under the Articles. When the Articles went into effect in March 1781, Congress did not bother to elect a new president; instead, Samuel Huntington continued serving a term that had already exceeded a year. On

This is a document about Maryland in the American Revolution
  by 3,136 residents of Montgomery and Washington counties. On March 1, 1781, the Articles of Confederation took effect with Maryland's ratification. The articles had initially been submitted to the states on November 17, 1777, but the ratification process dragged on for several years, stalled by an interstate quarrel over claims to uncolonized land in the west. Maryland was the last hold-out; it refused to ratify until Virginia and New York agreed to rescind their claims to lands in what became the Northwest Territory. Maryland would later accept the United States Constitution more readily, ratifying it on April 28, 1788.

This is a document about Engagements Clause
  The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union were proposed by the Continental Congress in 1777 and became effective upon ratification by all thirteen states. The thirteenth ratification was in March 1781. The Articles elevated the Congress to the status of a federal government. The Congress of the Confederation commissioned the Constitutional Convention to meet in 1787 to propose improvements to the Articles of Confederation, with the result that they proposed the new Constitution, which superseded the Articles within the states ratifying it, upon ratification by nine of the thirteen states.

This is a document about Perpetual Union
  was taken on June 12, 1776, when the Second Continental Congress approved the drafting of the Articles of Confederation, following a similar approval to draft the Declaration of Independence on June 11. The purpose of the former document was not only to define the relationship among the new states but also to stipulate the permanent nature of the new union. Accordingly, Article XIII states that the Union "shall be perpetual". While the process to ratify the Articles began in 1777, the Union only became a legal entity in 1781 when all states had ratified the agreement. The Second Continental Congress approved the Articles for ratification by the sovereign States on November 15, 1777, which occurred during

The Articles of Confederation went into effect on March 1, 1781.


Question: who was responsible for making the first commercial pattern available to home sewers

Answer: Ellen Louise Demorest

This is a document about Pattern (sewing)
  outlines on the tracing paper. Vintage patterns may come with small holes pre-punched into the pattern paper. These are for creating tailor's tacks, a type of basting where thread is sewn into the fabric in short lengths to serve as a guideline for cutting and assembling fabric pieces. Besides illustrating the finished garment, pattern envelopes typically include charts for sizing, the number of pieces included in a pattern, and suggested fabrics and necessary sewing notions and supplies. Ebenezer Butterick invented the commercially produced graded home sewing pattern in 1863 (based on grading systems used by Victorian tailors), originally selling hand-drawn patterns for men's and boys' clothing. In 1866, Butterick added patterns for women's clothing, which remains the heart of the home sewing pattern market today.

This is a document about Ebenezer Butterick
  country. The Buttericks' graded patterns for home sewers became massively popular, as they made modern fashions and styles accessible to the rapidly expanding lower middle class; people that could not afford to purchase custom-made clothing in the latest style each season, but still wished to be fashionably dressed. The patterns were priced at 25 to 75 cents each, depending on complexity, making them an expensive indulgence for the working classes (who typically earned $1–2 per day in 1870 ) and out of reach for the truly poor. The Butterick family began selling their patterns from their Sterling, Massachusetts, home in 1863, and the business

This is a document about History of sewing patterns
 1) Butterick ; 2) McCall's ; 3) Simplicity ; 4) Vogue Before the mid-19th century, average women sewed their own clothing by hand. Factory-produced fabrics were affordable and available in the early 19th century, but easy-to-use dress patterns and sewing machines for the home seamstress were not sold in the United States until the 1850s. Four historic American pattern companies still exist:  William Jennings Demorest and Ellen Louise Demorest began the home sewing pattern industry in 1860 by holding fashion shows in their homes and selling the patterns. This was the beginning of the Mme. Demorests' Emporium of Fashion. They published a magazine, The Mirror of Fashion, which listed hundreds of different patterns, most available in

This is a document about Ebenezer Butterick
  layout was provided, leaving it up to the sewer to decide which piece was the collar, which the sleeve, etc. In the late 1890s, the company invented a method of identifying each piece (by means of a letter marked on it in a pattern of small holes), which was patented in 1899. Around 1905, the packaging of the patterns was changed to an envelope rather than a pasted label, which gave more room for description and sewing instructions, including the first layout charts. As the 1910s wore on it became clear that home sewers wanted more detailed instructions than the envelope surface could accommodate, so a separate instruction sheet was included (named the "Deltor", a contraction of DELineaTOR, after Butterick's popular magazine), which was patented in 1919.

This is a document about History of sewing patterns
  their patterns. Their patterns started as unprinted tissue paper cut to shape, folded and held together by a pinned (later pasted-on) label with an image and, later, brief instructions. In the early 1900s they began to use an envelope to hold the pattern. In the late 1910s they introduced a separate instruction sheet, called the "Deltor" (from the first three and last three letters of Delineator). In 1948, they purchased two new presses specially designed to print markings directly onto the pattern tissue. James McCall, a Scottish tailor, established the McCall Pattern Company in 1870 in New York City. Patterns were unprinted until 1919, when they started printing information directly onto the pattern pieces. In the

This is a document about Sewing
  Sewing underwent further developments during the 20th century. As sewing machines became more affordable to the working class, demand for sewing patterns grew. Women had become accustomed to seeing the latest fashions in periodicals during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, increasing demand for sewing patterns yet more. American tailor and manufacturer Ebenezer Butterick met the demand with paper patterns that could be traced and used by home sewers. The patterns, sold in small packets, became wildly popular. Several pattern companies soon established themselves. Women's magazines also carried sewing patterns, and continued to do so for much of the 20th century. This practice declined during the later decades

This is a document about Pattern grading
  that sewing patterns were made available to a slightly larger, but still affluent, public. American women could obtain a paper pattern custom made by a dressmaker or could purchase a pattern through a women's journal. The advent of large-scale production of graded, practical and easier to use sewing patterns came in 1863. Ebenezer Butterick mass-produced patterns printed on tissue paper. Patterns were available for purchase in a variety of sizes, one size per package. In 1867, the Butterick firm began marketing its patterns via its own line of monthly and quarterly magazines. It was not until the 1970s, when sales were lagging, that multi-size graded patterns became available.

This is a document about History of sewing patterns
  unique in that the pattern sleeves had drawn characters rather than photos and the paper used was non-glossy. Advance began manufacturing patterns in 1933, which was sold exclusively at J. C. Penney Company. The company continued through 1966 until it was sold to Puritan Fashions. Fitzpatterns.com began offering downloadable sewing patterns in 2004. These consist of full-size patterns to be printed at a copyshop on a large format printer and or in a tiled version that can be printed on an A4 or letter sized printer and taped together. Clothkits devised cut and sew clothing kits for home sewing that avoided the need for paper patterns. Clothkits pre-printed fabric with designs and the pattern lines.

This is a document about Tile drainage
   The ancient Roman authors Cato the Elder and Pliny the Elder described tile drainage systems in 200 BC and the first century AD, respectively. According to the Johnston Farm, tile drainage was first introduced to the United States in 1838, when John Johnston used the practice in his native Scotland on his new farm in Seneca County, New York. Johnston laid 72 mi of clay tile on 320 acre. The effort increased his yield of wheat from 12 bushels per acre to 60. Johnston, the "father of tile drainage in America", continued to advocate for tile drainage throughout his life, attributing his agricultural success to the formula "D, C, and D", i. e., dung, credit, and drainage. The expansion of drainage systems was an important technical aspect of Westward Expansion in the United

This is a document about Parsley Peel
  house in Fish Lane and suggest a poor neighbour, Mrs. Milton, calendered the cloth to finish it. The exact nature of the discovery made by Peel is unclear. It is likely that it was a new method for using the acetate of lead as a dye-fixer (mordant). Another possibility is the use of metal engraving rather than wooden blocks to create the pattern. However it came to be, the pattern was named "Nancy's pattern" after Peel's daughter and was very popular – leading to Robert Peel's nickname of "Parsley Peel". The company went on to be one of the first calico printers in Lancashire.

This is a document about Calico
  printed backgrounds, while the European market preferred a pattern on a cream base. As the century progressed the European preference moved from the large chintz patterns to smaller, tighter patterns. Thomas Bell patented a printing technique in 1783 that used copper rollers. In 1785, Livesey, Hargreaves and Company put the first machine that used this technique into operation in Walton-le-Dale, Lancashire. The production volume for printed cloth in Lancashire in 1750 was estimated at 50,000 pieces of 30 yd; in 1850, it was 20,000,000 pieces. The commercial method of calico printing using engraved rollers was invented in 1821 in New Mills, Derbyshire, in the United Kingdom. John Potts of Potts, Oliver and Potts used a copper-engraved master to produce rollers to transfer the inks. After 1888, block printing was only

This is a document about History of sewing patterns
  one size. Patterns were of unprinted paper, cut to shape, and could be purchased "flat" (folded), or, for an additional charge, "made up" (with the separate pieces tacked into position). The latter version was intended to compensate for the absence of detailed instructions. Ebenezer Butterick launched The Butterick Company in 1863 to create heavy cardboard templates for children's clothing. Butterick's innovation was offering every pattern in a series of standard, graded sizes. Members of his family cut and folded the first patterns that were sold from their home. In 1866 Butterick began manufacturing patterns for women's fashions, and later added some articles of men's clothing. They began publishing the fashion magazine The Delineator in 1873 to

This is a document about Sewing
  The Industrial Revolution shifted the production of textiles from the household to the mills. In the early decades of the Industrial Revolution, the machinery produced whole cloth. The world's first sewing machine was patented in 1790 by Thomas Saint. By the early 1840s, other early sewing machines began to appear. Barthélemy Thimonnier introduced a simple sewing machine in 1841 to produce military uniforms for France's army; shortly afterward, a mob of tailors broke into Thimonnier's shop and threw the machines out of the windows, believing the machines would put them out of work. By the 1850s, Isaac Singer developed the first sewing machines that could operate

This is a document about Ebenezer Butterick
  He is regarded as the inventor, together with his wife Ellen Augusta Pollard Butterick, of tissue paper dress patterns offered in multiple standard sizes, also known as graded sewing patterns, which the couple began selling in 1863. The product revolutionized home sewing. The premise of graded sewing patterns reportedly came from Mrs. Butterick's frustration with contemporary sewing patterns offered in only one size (frequently a different size for each pattern). Unless the intended wearer happened to match the size of the pattern, this necessitated manual resizing of the pieces (using paper, or directly on the fabric with wax chalk) before sewing could commence -

This is a document about Sewing
  stitch wider strips of palm leaf that had been woven into a coil. The weaving of cloth from natural fibers originated in the Middle East around 4000 BC, and perhaps earlier during the Neolithic Age, and the sewing of cloth accompanied this development. During the Middle Ages, Europeans who could afford it employed seamstresses and tailors. The vital importance of sewing was indicated by the honorific position of "Lord Sewer" at many European coronations from the Middle Ages. An example was Robert Radcliffe, 1st Earl of Sussex who was appointed Lord Sewer at the coronation of Henry VIII of England in 1509. Sewing for the most part was a woman's occupation, and most sewing before the

This is a document about Waltham, Massachusetts
  Waltham was first settled in 1634 as part of Watertown and was officially incorporated as a separate town in 1738. Waltham had no recognizable town center until the 1830s, when the nearby Boston Manufacturing Company gave the town the land that now serves as its central square. In the early 19th century, Francis Cabot Lowell and his friends and colleagues established in Waltham the Boston Manufacturing Company – the first integrated textile mill in the United States, with the goal of eliminating the problems of co-ordination, quality control, and shipping inherent in the subcontracting based textile industry. The Waltham–Lowell system of production derives its

This is a document about Statistical graphics
 William Playfair who produced what could be called the first line, bar, pie, and area charts. For example, in 1786 he published the well known diagram that depicts the evolution of England's imports and exports, ; Florence Nightingale, who used statistical graphics to persuade the British Government to improve army hygiene, ; John Snow who plotted deaths from cholera in London in 1854 to detect the source of the disease, and ; Charles Joseph Minard who designed a large portfolio of maps of which the one depicting Napoleon's campaign in Russia is the best known. Famous graphics were designed by: See the plots page for many more examples of statistical graphics.

This is a document about Industrial Revolution in the United States
  in the U.S. were appropriated from British designs by ambitious British entrepreneurs hoping to use the technology to create successful companies in the U.S. One entrepreneur who is most associated with starting up the textiles industry in the U.S. and who initially brought the textile technology to the U.S. was Samuel Slater. Slater learned that Americans were interested in textile techniques used in England, but since exporting such technical designs were illegal in England, he memorized as much as he could and departed for New York. Moses Brown, a leading Rhode Island industrialist secured the services of Slater, with Slater promising to

This is a document about English embroidery
  Pattern books for geometric embroidery and needlelace were published in Germany as early as the 1520s. These featured the stepped, angular patterns characteristic of early blackwork, ultimately deriving from medieval Islamic Egypt. These patterns, seen in the portraits of Hans Holbein the Younger, were worked over counted threads in a double running stitch (later called Holbein stitch by English embroiderers). The first pattern book for embroidery published in England was Moryssche & Damaschin renewed & encreased very popular for Goldsmiths & Embroiderers by Thomas Geminus (1545). Moryssche or Moresque refers to Moorish or arabesque designs of spirals, scrolls, and zigzags, an important part of the repertoire of

This is a document about 1795–1820 in Western fashion
   In the late 18th century, clothes were mostly sold by individual shopkeepers who were often the artisans who made the goods. Customers usually lived in the same neighborhood as the shops and the shops would gain popularity by their customers' word-of–mouth recommendation, with the exception of warehouses (i.e., any retail on wholesale), where goods being sold were not necessarily made in the shop. However, things started to change during the transition to the 19th century. People sought efficiency and variety; under the influence of the Industrial Revolution, improved transportation and introduction of machines in manufacturing allowed fashion to develop at an even faster pace. The first sewing machine emerged in 1790, and later, Josef Madersperger began

Ebenezer Butterick was responsible for making the first commercially available sewing patterns for home sewers in the United States. He began selling patterns in 1863.


Question: what is the origin of the story beauty and the beast

Answer: Cupid and Psyche

This is a document about Cupid
  Better known as "The Beauty and the Beast", it was originally written by Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve and abridged and later published by French author Jeanne Marie Leprince de Beaumont in 1740. The story over the years has gained international acclaim and in 1991 inspired the Disney movie Beauty and the Beast. It has been said that Gabrielle was inspired by the tale Cupid and Psyche. The tale is about a beautiful yet lonely woman with a heart of gold that is held captive by a hideous beast who has invisible servants to aid her in anything she desires within the confines of the castle walls. She eventually falls in love with him despite his appearance and breaks the curse placed on him to reveal a handsome prince.

This is a document about Beauty and the Beast
  Beauty and the Beast (La Belle et la Bête) is a fairy tale written by French novelist Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve and published in 1740 in La Jeune Américaine et les contes marins (The Young American and Marine Tales). Her lengthy version was abridged, rewritten, and published by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont in 1756 in Magasin des enfants (Children's Collection) to produce the version most commonly retold and later by Andrew Lang in the Blue Fairy Book of his Fairy Book series in 1889. The fairy tale was influenced by Ancient Greek stories such as "Cupid and Psyche" from The Golden Ass, written by Lucius Apuleius Madaurensis in the 2nd

This is a document about Belle's ball gown
  Beauty and the Beast is believed to be set in 18th-century France. Walt Disney himself had attempted to adapt the fairy tale during the 1940s but the idea was shelved, with an illustration of Belle wearing a yellow dress by Kay Nielsen being one of the few surviving artworks from the original project. In animator Andreas Deja's concept art from the film's early development dated 1989, Belle's dresses appear to draw inspiration from anywhere between the 1650s and 1780s. After the success of The Little Mermaid (1989) and popularity of its heroine Ariel, Disney was reminded of the potential their princess characters possess "as a narrative industry". Among several changes made to the film's style, Belle became the studio's "next great hope in establishing a second generation of

This is a document about Bluebeard
  however, does go on to speak of Bluebeard as something of a "Beauty and the Beast" narrative. The original Beauty and the Beast tale by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont is said to be a story created to condition young women into the possibility of not only marriage, but marrying young, and to placate their fears of the implications of an older husband. It shows the beast as secretly compassionate, and someone meant to curb the aggressive sexual fears that young women have towards marriage. Though "Beauty and the Beast" holds several similarities in Gothic imagery to "Bluebeard" (such as is shared with Cupid and Psyche as well,

This is a document about Gabrielle-Suzanne de Villeneuve
  Gabrielle-Suzanne de Villeneuve is particularly noted for her original 1740 story of La Belle et la Bête, which is the oldest known modern variant of the fairy tale Beauty and the Beast found in her La jeune américaine, et les contes marins. The tale is novel length, and influenced by the style of seventeenth-century novels, as it contains many subplots or intercalated stories, most notably the histories of Beauty and the Beast. The Beast is "bête" in both senses of the French word: a beast and lacking intelligence (i.e. stupid). After her death, Villeneuve's tale was abridged, rewritten, and published by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont in 1756 in her Magasin des enfants to

This is a document about Fantastique
  literary devices. ; Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont, whose classic La Belle et la Bête ("Beauty and the Beast"; 1757) has transcended the ages, authored forty collections of tales (dubbed "Magasins" or "Stores", hence the English word magazine), published in London between 1750 and 1780. La Belle et la Bête was, itself, based on an earlier fairy tale by Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve, included in her collection La jeune américaine et les contes marins ("The Young American Girl and Sea Stories"; 1740). ; Jacques Cazotte, who had started as a writer of Fairy Tales, such as La Patte du Chat ("Cat's Paw"; 1741) and Les Mille et Une

This is a document about Beauty and the Beast (franchise)
  Beauty and the Beast is the original film of the franchise. It was directed by Gary Trousdale and Kirk Wise. It was produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation, and released in 1991. Beauty and the Beast is the 30th Disney animated feature film and belongs to an era known as the Disney Renaissance. The plot of the film is based on the fairy tale Beauty and the Beast by Jeanne-Marie Le Prince de Beaumont. Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas is the first direct-to-video installment of the film series and served as a holiday special. It was directed by Andrew Knight, and released on November 11, 1997. The film is set within the events of the first film, taking place after the

This is a document about Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)
  going to die. Some therapists, while acknowledging that the pairing's relationship does not meet the clinical definition of Stockholm syndrome, argue that the relationship depicted is dysfunctional and abusive and does not model healthy romantic relationships for young viewers. Following this viewpoint, Constance Grady of Vox stated that Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont's Beauty and the Beast was a fairy tale originally written to prepare young girls in 18th-century France for arranged marriages, and that the power disparity is amplified in the Disney version. Additionally, Anna Menta of Elite Daily argued that the Beast does not apologize to Belle for imprisoning, hurting, or manipulating her, and that his treatment of Belle is not painted as wrong.

This is a document about Belle (Beauty and the Beast)
  After the success of Walt Disney Productions' first feature-length animated film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), filmmaker Walt Disney himself made several attempts to adapt the fairy tale "Beauty and the Beast" by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont into one of the studio's earliest animated feature films during the 1930s and 1950s. However, the project was continuously abandoned due to the fairy tale's "static" plot and main characters. The filmmaker was also concerned about the "unnecessary intensity" required to depict Belle's imprisonment. Inspired by the unprecedented success of The Little Mermaid (1989), Walt Disney Studios chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg green-lit another attempt at adapting "Beauty and

This is a document about Beauty and the Beast
  Harries identifies the two most popular strands of fairy tale in the 18th century as the fantastical romance for adults and the didactic tale for children. Beauty and the Beast is interesting as it bridges this gap, with Villeneuve's version being written as a salon tale for adults and Beaumont's being written as a didactic tale for children.

This is a document about Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)
  After the success of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs in 1937, Walt Disney sought out other stories to adapt into feature films, with Beauty and the Beast being among the stories he considered. Attempts to develop the Beauty and the Beast story into a film were made in the 1930s and 1950s, but were ultimately given up because it "proved to be a challenge" for the story team. Peter M. Nichols states Disney may later have been discouraged by Jean Cocteau having already done his 1946 version. Decades later, during the production of Who Framed Roger Rabbit in 1987, the Disney studio resurrected Beauty and the Beast as a project for the satellite animation studio it had set up in London, England to work on Roger Rabbit. Richard

This is a document about Beauty and the Beast
  Tatar (2017) compares the tale to the theme of "animal brides and grooms" found in folklore throughout the world, pointing out that the French tale was specifically intended for the preparation of young girls in 18th century France for arranged marriages. The urban opening is unusual in fairy tales, as is the social class of the characters, neither royal nor peasants; it may reflect the social changes occurring at the time of its first writing. Hamburger (2015) points out that the design of the Beast in the 1946 film adaptation by Jean Cocteau was inspired by the portrait of Petrus Gonsalvus, a native of Tenerife who suffered from hypertrichosis, causing an abnormal growth of hair on his face and other parts, and who came under the protection of the French king and married a beautiful Parisian woman named Catherine.

This is a document about Beauty and the Beast (musical)
  Beauty and the Beast is a Disney stage musical with music by Alan Menken, lyrics by Howard Ashman and Tim Rice, and a book by Linda Woolverton. Adapted from Walt Disney Pictures' Academy Award-winning 1991 animated musical film of the same name – which in turn had been based on the classic French fairy tale by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont – Beauty and the Beast tells the story of an unkind prince who has been magically transformed into an unsightly creature as punishment for his selfish ways. To revert into his true human form, the Beast must learn to love a bright, beautiful young lady who he has imprisoned in his enchanted castle before it is too late in the first place. Critics, who hailed the film as one of the

This is a document about Gabrielle-Suzanne de Villeneuve
  young English girls a moral lesson. In her widely popular publication, she gave no credit to Villeneuve as the author of La Belle et la Bête and thus Leprince de Beaumont is often referred to as the author of this famous fairytale. Her shortened version is the one most commonly known today. The Beast, a prince, lost his father at a young age. His mother had to wage war to defend his kingdom, and left him in the care of a rather evil fairy. This fairy attempted to seduce him as the prince became an adult. When he refused, she transformed him into the beast until someone would agree to marry him without

This is a document about The Bloody Chamber
  (based on Beauty and the Beast — the concept of the Beast as a lion-like figure is a popular one, most notably in the French film version of 1946) Beauty's father, after experiencing car trouble, takes advantage of a stranger's hospitality. However, his benefactor – the Beast – takes umbrage when he steals a miraculous white rose for his beloved daughter. Beauty becomes the guest of the leonine Beast, and the Beast aids her father in getting his fortune back. Beauty later joins her father in London, where she almost forgets the Beast, causing him to wither away from heartache. When Beauty learns that he is dying, she returns, saving him. Beauty and the Beast disclose their love for one another and the Beast's humanity is revealed. They live happily ever after.

This is a document about French folklore
 Beauty and the Beast - first published version by Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve, 1740. ; The Enchanted Apple Tree ; The Goblin Pony - translated in Grey Fairy Book by Andrew Lang, 1900. ; Quackling or Drakestail (Bout-d’-Canard) - original in Affenschwanz et Cetera, by Charles Marelle 1888, translated in Red Fairy Book by Andrew Lang, 1890. ; The Wizard King - original in Les Fees Illustres, translated in Yellow Fairy Book by Andrew Lang, 1894.

This is a document about Kiss
  played an important part, as when they had the power to cast off spells or to break bonds of witchcraft and sorcery, often restoring a man to his original shape. Nyrop notes the poetical stories of the "redeeming power of the kiss are to be found in the literature of many countries, especially, for example, in the Old French Arthurian romances (Lancelot, Guiglain, Tirant le blanc) in which the princess is changed by evil arts into a dreadful dragon, and can only resume her human shape in the case of a knight being brave enough to kiss her." In the reverse situation, in the tale of "Beauty and the Beast", a

This is a document about Donkey Skin (film)
 Château de Chambord ; Château de Pierrefonds ; Château du Plessis-Bourré ; Senlis Jacques Demy, fascinated by Charles Perrault's fairy tale since childhood, was working on a script for the film as early as 1962. The involvement of Catherine Deneuve was instrumental in securing financing for the production. Numerous elements in the film refer to Jean Cocteau's 1946 fairy-tale film Beauty and the Beast: the casting of Jean Marais, the use of live actors to portray human statues in the castles and the use of simple special effects such as slow motion and reverse motion. Shooting locations for the film included:

This is a document about The Man Who Was Never Born
  The story's writer, Anthony Lawrence, said in an interview that the story was inspired by "...one of my old favorites, Jean Cocteau's Beauty and the Beast, the French version, which was a beautiful film. I was thinking of that film, and also just the idea that had always kind of fascinated me. Joseph Stefano loved the idea, and it had [in it], as I remember, a lot of what I was feeling at the time. I always liked romantic stories, and this was a chance to do something that you really don't get to do very often in television. I gravitated toward that."

This is a document about Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)
  Beauty and the Beast is a 1991 American animated musical romantic fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation, released by Walt Disney Pictures, produced by Don Hahn, and directed by Gary Trousdale and Kirk Wise. The 30th Disney animated feature film and the third released during the Disney Renaissance period, it is based on the 1756 French fairy tale of the same name by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont (who was only credited in the French dub), and ideas from the 1946 French film of the same name directed by Jean Cocteau. Beauty and the Beast focuses on the relationship between the Beast (voice of Robby Benson), a prince who is magically transformed into a monster and his servants

The origin of the story "Beauty and the Beast" can be traced back to Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve's French novel "La Belle et la Bête," published in 1740. The story was later abridged and retold by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont in 1756, and it gained widespread popularity through various adaptations and retellings, including the 1991 Disney animated film. The story is believed to have been inspired by the Bluebeard tale and the