Question: when did the ncaa tournament expanded to 68 teams

Answer: 2011

This is a document about NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
  4 ; } 2001–2010 || 65 || 0 || 1 ; 2011–|| 68 || 0 || 4 ; } 2011–|| 68 || 0 || 4 ; } The NCAA tournament field has expanded a number of times throughout its history. !Years !! Teams !! Byes !! Play-in games After the conclusion of the 2010 tournament, there was speculation about increasing the tournament size to as many as 128 teams. On April 1, the NCAA announced that it was looking at expanding to 96 teams for 2011. On April 22, the NCAA announced a new television contract with CBS/Turner that expanded the field to 68 teams. From 2011 to 2015, the round of 64 was deemed to be the second round; beginning in 2016, the round of 64 was again deemed to be the first round.

This is a document about First Four
  On April 22, 2010, the NCAA announced that the tournament would expand to 68 teams, with four "Play-In Games" beginning with the 2011 tournament. In 2011, the broadcast media began calling these games "The First Four" (as opposed to the "Final Four"); and, also used the term "first round games" interchangeably with "opening round games." Formerly, the term "first round game" specifically referred to the first games played by the final 64 teams, not the teams in the opening round. Through the 2015 tournament, these games were known as "second round games," resulting in some confusion for those more accustomed to the round being known as the "first round" and the "second round" being used for the regional quarterfinals (field of 32). Effective with

This is a document about List of North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball seasons
  The NCAA tournament started in 1939 and the number of teams invited to participate has expanded a number of times over the years. Between 1939 and 1950 the tournament had only eight teams, and then between 1951 and 1974 the tournament varied between 16 teams and 25 teams. The tournament has continued to expand over the years, and there are now 65 teams that make it into the tournament. The National Invitation Tournament, meanwhile, began in 1938 with only 6 teams. In 1941 the tournament was expanded to include 8 teams, in 1949 the tournament was again expanded to 12 teams, then 14 teams in 1965, 16 teams in 1968, 24 teams in 1979, 32 teams in 1980, and 40 teams from 2002 through 2006. The tournament reverted to 32 teams for 2007.

This is a document about Shepherd Rams
  Note: The NCAA expanded the playoff field from 16 to 24 teams in 2000 and from 24 to 28 teams in 2015.

This is a document about 2011 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
  For the first time, a total of 68 teams entered the tournament. Thirty of the thirty-one automatic bids were given to the programs that won their conference tournaments, while the remaining automatic bid went to the Ivy League champion Princeton, as the conference does not hold a tournament. The remaining 37 teams were granted "at-large" bids, which are extended by the NCAA Selection Committee. All 68 teams were announced on "Selection Sunday" March 13, 2011. The Selection Committee ranked the entire field from 1 to 68. The last four at-large teams selected and the four lowest ranked automatic qualifiers played in a "First Four". The four winners of those games advanced to the main draw of the tournament to play a higher seed. The four lowest ranked teams of the 68 played against each other in a pair of First Four games, with winners advancing to play No. 1 seeds, and the last four at-large teams played in the other two First Four games, with the winners moving on to face the seed they would otherwise be matched up against, as determined by their seed number.

This is a document about 1998 NCAA Division I Women's Volleyball Tournament
  The NCAA Women's Volleyball Tournament expanded to 64 teams in 1998, joining the men's and women's basketball tournaments as the only 64-team NCAA Tournaments at the time. The NCAA baseball tournament would expand to the same size in 1999, followed by the NCAA women's soccer tournament in 2001 and the NCAA softball tournament in 2003. The Big Ten and Big 12 each earned six bids in 1998. The Pac-10 only received four bids in the 1998 NCAA Tournament, which is the fewest they have earned in the 64-team era.

This is a document about NCAA Division I Football Championship
  number of automatic bids has varied over time, due to changes in the number and size of conferences, with an automatic bid typically granted only to champions of conferences with at least six teams. Initially, the tournament was played in December; since the expansion to twelve teams in 1982, earlier rounds have been held in late November. The playoffs expanded to a 16-team format in 1986, requiring four postseason victories to win the title. Initially, only the top four teams were seeded, with other teams geographically placed in the bracket. From 1995 through 2000, all 16 teams were seeded, independent of geography.

This is a document about NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament bids by school
 1939–1950: 8 teams ; 1951–1952: 16 teams ; 1953–1974: varied from 22 to 25 teams ; 1975–present: 32 or more teams As the tournament field started with only 8 teams in 1939 (all "Elite 8" by default), it was not until 1975 that all teams needed to win to advance to an alliteratively-named round (e.g. Elite 8, Sweet 16), hence some gaps may appear in the table for bids prior to 1951.

This is a document about NCAA Division I Baseball Championship
  The tournament expanded again in 1982—to 36 teams—to include two regionals with six teams while the other six regionals only had four teams. The Regionals remained double-elimination with the winners moving onto the College World Series, also double-elimination. Subsequently, the tournament field expanded to 38 teams in 1985, 40 teams in 1986, and 48 teams in 1987.

This is a document about NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
  The NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament, also known and branded as NCAA March Madness, is a single-elimination tournament played each spring in the United States, currently featuring 68 college basketball teams from the Division I level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), to determine the national championship. The tournament was created in 1939 by the National Association of Basketball Coaches, and was the idea of Ohio State coach Harold Olsen. Played mostly during March, it has become one of the biggest annual sporting events in the United States. It has become extremely common in popular culture to predict the outcomes of

This is a document about NCAA Division I Men's Tennis Championship
 National Champion ; National Runner-up ; Semifinals ; Quarterfinals ; Round of 16 ; Round of 32 (1999 - present) ; Regional Finals (1996 - 1998) ; First Round (1987 - 1993) ; Round of 64 (1999 - present) ; Regional Semifinals (1996 - 1998) ; Regional Quarterfinals (1996 - 1998) 191 teams have appeared in the NCAA Tournament in at least one year starting with 1977, when the tournament shifted to its current bracket format. The results for all years are shown in this table below. The code in each cell represents how far the team made it in the respective tournament:

This is a document about 1974–75 NCAA Division I men's basketball season
 The NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament expanded from 40 to 48 teams. ; In the Pacific 8 Conference, UCLA won its ninth of what would ultimately be 13 consecutive conference titles.

This is a document about 1938–39 NCAA men's basketball season
 The Skyline Conference began play, with seven original members. The Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference became a non-major conference after the departure of seven of its larger members for the Skyline Conference. ; The practice of naming a Consensus All-American Second Team began. ; The NCAA Tournament was held for the first time, operated by the National Association of Basketball Coaches rather than the National Collegiate Athletic Association itself. Eight teams competed. The tournament lost $2,500; although 5,000 fans attended the championship game, many of the tickets were given away. The NCAA viewed its champion as the official national champion, the National Invitation Tournament, which had debuted

This is a document about College basketball
  by the 1951 scandals based in New York City, the NCAA tournament had become more prestigious than before, with conference champions and the majority of top-ranked teams competing there. The NCAA tournament eventually overtook the NIT by 1960. Through the 1960s and 1970s, with UCLA leading the way as winner of ten NCAA Tournament championships, a shift in power to teams from the west amplified the shift of attention away from the New York City-based NIT. When the NCAA tournament expanded its field of teams from 25 to 32 in 1975, to 48 in 1980, to 64 in 1985, and to 68 teams in 2011, interest in the NCAA tournament increased again and again, as it comprised more and more teams, soon including

This is a document about NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament
 Round of 64 (Fewer than 64 teams invited before 1994.) ; Round of 32 ; Sweet Sixteen ; Elite Eight ; Final Four ; National Runner-up ; National Champion Notes 283 teams have appeared in the NCAA Tournament in at least one year starting with 1982 (the initial year that the post-season tournament was under the auspices of the NCAA). The results for all years are shown in this table below. The code in each cell represents the furthest the team made it in the respective tournament:

This is a document about NCAA Division I Field Hockey Championship
 National Champion ; National Runner-up ; Semifinals ; Quarterfinals (Two teams in 1981, four teams thereafter) ; , Round of 16 (Only 12 teams, 1982-1998) ; Play-In Round (Starting 2013) 56 teams have appeared in the NCAA Tournament in at least one year starting with 1981 (the initial year that the post-season tournament was under the auspices of the NCAA). The results for all years are shown in this table below. The code in each cell represents the furthest the team made it in the respective tournament:

This is a document about Bye (sports)
  Cup also has certain teams compete in up to 6 preliminary rounds to qualify for the first round "proper". Another example is the NCAA Basketball Tournament, which since 2011 has had 68 teams, effectively granting 60 byes, while eight teams compete in the "First Four" games for remaining four spots in the round of 64. From 2011 to 2015, the "First Four" was considered the first round, the round of 64 played on Thursday and Friday, was called the "second round"; the round of 32 was then called the "third round", consisting of games played on Saturday and Sunday. In 2016, the naming reverted to the round of 64 being the "first round" once again, and the round of 32 being the "second round", though the play-in round and all eight of those teams are officially part of the tournament.

This is a document about Mid-American Conference Men's Basketball Tournament
  format, division winners were guaranteed at least the No. 2 seed. First round games for seeds 5–12 were played at the home sites of the higher seeds, with the remaining rounds being contested at Quicken Loans Arena. From 1980 through 1988, seven teams qualified for the three-round tournament. The No. 1 seed received a bye into the semifinals. In 1989, an eighth team was added and each of the teams participated in all three rounds. The tournament was expanded in 2000 to four rounds and included all 13 conference teams. The top three teams received byes into the quarterfinals.

This is a document about First Four
  Although analysts' initial reactions to the concept were skeptical, the first game, played on March 13, 2001, was a success, and few complaints were lodged. The games are prominent by attracting viewers on nights in which no other NCAA games are played. Prior to the proposal of expansion, Syracuse University coach Jim Boeheim had advocated for an expansion of the tournament from 64 to 76 teams, which would include four opening round games for all of the 16th and also added opening round games for the 14th and 15th seeded teams. The expansion of play in games faced logistical challenges and lukewarm acceptance from then-NCAA President Myles Brand and the corporate and media partners of the NCAA. However, on April 22, 2010, the NCAA announced, as part of a new 14-year, US$10.8 billion agreement between CBS Sports and Time Warner's Turner Sports division,

This is a document about Michigan Wolverines men's basketball
  The NCAA began seeding the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament with the 1979 edition. The 64-team field started in 1985, which guaranteed that a championship team had to win six games.

The NCAA tournament expanded to 68 teams in 2011.


Question: second life is an example of  a ( n )

Answer: an online virtual world

This is a document about Second Life
  Second Life is used for scientific research, collaboration, and data visualization. Examples include SciLands, American Chemical Society's ACS Island, Genome, Virginia Tech's SLATE, and Nature Publishing Group's Elucian Islands Village.

This is a document about Linden Lab
 Second Life ; Sansar ; Blocksworld ; Patterns (video game)

This is a document about Instructional simulation
  A virtual world is an interactive 3-D environment where users are immersed in the environment. Users can manipulate the environment and interact with other users. Depending on the degree of immersion, users can begin playing a game, interact with other users, attend seminars, or complete course work for an online class. Online discussion groups and social networks such as Myspace and Facebook are already being used to supplement interaction within coursework (Baker 2009). Second Life is a virtual world where users create avatars. An avatar is a virtual representation of the user to other users. These avatars then interact with any other user within the Second Life world. Avatars can purchase virtual land, own buildings, and travel, interact, conduct business, and even attend lectures by professors. Second Life is running 24 hours a day and is tied into the Internet, so there are always other avatars to interact with. MMORPGs such as World of Warcraft and Star Wars Galaxies are video game based virtual environments. These game engines hold the potential for instructional simulation. Unlike Second Life, these are pre-designed games with their own set of objectives that need to be completed through a progression.

This is a document about Second Life
  Second Life is an on-line multimedia platform that allows people to create an avatar for themselves and have a second life in an online virtual world, or metaverse. Developed and owned by the San Francisco-based firm Linden Lab and launched on June 23, 2003, it saw rapid growth for some years and in 2013 it had approximately one million regular users; growth stabilized and by the end of 2017 active user count had declined to "between 800,000 and 900,000". In many ways, Second Life is similar to massively multiplayer online role-playing games; nevertheless, Linden Lab is emphatic that their creation is not a game: "There is no manufactured conflict, no set objective". The virtual world can be accessed freely via Linden

This is a document about Second Life
  dollars), higher than some small countries. In 2020, Linden Lab abandoned their spiritual successor to Second Life, a VR experience called Sansar, in order to focus their attention fully on Second Life. The rights to Sansar 's assets were sold to Wookey Search Technologies, who are expected to continue development on the title without Linden Lab. Second Life, the usage of which peaked in the first decade of the 21st-century, has been cited as the first example of the metaverse, a concept which has been taken up by major corporations such as Facebook in 2021. As a notable precursor (which retains a small and loyal following), it provides several examples of virtual reality social issues and lessons learned.

This is a document about Corporate use of Second Life
  ; Second Life provided a wide array of tools for building 3D objects, scripting language to apply required behavior to the objects and easy entry path (users can register and try everything free of charge, and can purchase their own land - to which they can control access - at a reasonable price). Virtual Worlds are 3D computer environments where each user is represented with a character - avatar. Traditionally, virtual worlds have been used for entertainment. However, starting from approximately 2004 both corporate world and academia started to recognize business value of virtual worlds for training and education, collaboration, and marketing. Development and maturity of most popular virtual world - Second Life - played a significant role in corporate movement towards virtual worlds for several reasons:  By early 2010 several corporate applications of virtual worlds were shown to be successful:

This is a document about Virtual world
  A virtual world (also called a virtual space) is a computer-simulated environment which may be populated by many users who can create a personal avatar, and simultaneously and independently explore the virtual world, participate in its activities and communicate with others. These avatars can be textual, graphical representations, or live video avatars with auditory and touch sensations. The user accesses a computer-simulated world which presents perceptual stimuli to the user, who in turn can manipulate elements of the modeled world and thus experience a degree of presence. Such modeled worlds and their rules may draw from reality or fantasy worlds. Example rules are gravity, topography, locomotion, real-time actions, and communication. Communication between users can range from text, graphical icons, visual gesture, sound, and rarely, forms using touch,

This is a document about New media
  argues that "the global interactive games industry is large and growing, and is at the forefront of many of the most significant innovations in new media" (Flew 2005: 101). Interactivity is prominent in these online video games such as World of Warcraft, The Sims Online and Second Life. These games, which are developments of "new media," allow for users to establish relationships and experience a sense of belonging that transcends traditional temporal and spatial boundaries (such as when gamers logging in from different parts of the world interact). These games can be used as an escape or to act out a desired life. New media have created virtual

This is a document about Maryna Hrymych
 Second life ; White Owl Island

This is a document about Otherland
 Mind transfer ; Second Life ; Simulated reality ; Transhumanism ; Virtual reality ; Simulated reality in fiction

This is a document about Virtual world language learning
  Virtual worlds offer exceptional opportunities for autonomous learning. The video Language learning in Second Life: an Introduction by Helen Myers (Karelia Kondor in SL) is a good illustration of an adult learner's experiences of her introduction to SL and in learning Italian.

This is a document about Second Life
  Second Life can be a real-time, immersive social space for people including those with physical or mental disabilities that impair their first lives, who often find comfort and security interacting through anonymous avatars. (Indeed, some academics believe using Second Life might even help improve motor ability for people with Parkinson’s disease.). An example of how Second Life has been used by disabled people is Wheelies, the widely publicised disability themed nightclub founded by Simon Stevens.

This is a document about Virtual world language learning
 ArianeB's list of 3D Virtual Worlds: A useful list of virtual worlds and multiplayer games, including embedded videos that show how they look. ; Chris Smith's list of virtual worlds: A comprehensive list of virtual worlds, including some embedded videos. ; Virtual Worlds List by Category: As the title suggests, a categorised list of virtual worlds. Links only, no descriptions. Many islands in Second Life have language- or culture-specific communities that offer language learners easy ways to practise a foreign language (Berry 2009). Second Life is the widest-used 3D world among members of the language teaching community, but there are many alternatives. General-purpose

This is a document about Mock mayor
  Examples may be found in:

This is a document about Covenstead
  and key phrases are simply typed. The online virtual world Second Life is also host to neopagan meetings and ceremonies. The affordances of the site allow for ‘cybercovens’ to meet virtually using avatars to participate in social events and rituals. On Second Life, users can visit a pub or a digital marketplace, meditate, access digital copies of neopagan texts and gather at an altar to carry out rituals and sabbats. The experience can be likened to covensteads situated in the astral temple. The avatars created on Second Life can resemble the user's own physical appearance but can also allow the user to construct an alternative self that enhances their online spiritual experience with features such as wings. More recent examples of online rituals and gatherings of modern Pagans include Youtube

This is a document about Education in Second Life
  Second Life is used as a platform for education by many institutions, such as colleges, universities, libraries and government entities.

This is a document about Avatar (computing)
  Early examples of customizable avatars include multi-user systems, including MUDs. Gaia Online has a customizable avatar where users can dress it up as desired. Users may earn credits for completing sponsored surveys or certain tasks to purchase items and upgrades to customize their avatar. Linden Lab's Second Life creates a virtual world in which avatars, homes, decorations, buildings and land are for sale. Less-common items may be designed to appear better than common items, and an experienced player may be identified from a group of new characters before in-game statistics are seen.

This is a document about Self-replicating machines in fiction
  the video game series Mass Effect are also self-replicating probes bent on destroying any advanced civilization encountered in the galaxy. They lie dormant in the vast spaces between the galaxies and follow a cycle of extermination. In Mass Effect 2 it is shown that they assimilate any advanced species. ; Denial-of-service attacks in the virtual world Second Life which work by continually replicating objects until the server crashes are referred to as gray goo attacks. This is a reference to the self-replicating aspects of gray goo. It is one example of the widespread convention of drawing analogies between certain Second Life concepts and the theories of radical

This is a document about Second Life
  for Dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Pub., 2008. Print. ; Rymaszewski, Michael. Second Life The Official Guide. Sybex Inc, 2008. Print. ; Zerzan, John. Telos 141, Second-Best Life: Real Virtuality. New York: Telos Press Ltd., Winter 2007. ; SK Alamgir Hossain, Abu Saleh Md Mahfujur Rahman, and Abdulmotaleb El Saddik, "Interpersonal haptic communication in second life", in Haptic Audio-Visual Environments and Games (HAVE), 2010 IEEE International Symposium on, October 16–17, 2010, Phoenix, Arizona, USA, pp. 1 –4. ; Taşçı, D., Dinçer, D. "The Creation Of Academic Consulting Environment in Virtual Worlds And An Assessment Of Challenges Faced By Learners in This Environment", Conference proceedings of "eLearning and Software for Education", 01, 2011, p. 290–296.

This is a document about Virtual economy
  money) may be at stake. ; 5) Value added by users: Users may enhance the value of virtual resources by customizing and improving upon the resource. Virtual economies are observed in MUDs and massively multi player online role-playing games (MMORPGs). The largest virtual economies are found in MMORPGs. Virtual economies also exist in life simulation games which may have taken the most radical steps toward linking a virtual economy with the real world. This can be seen, for example, in Second Life's recognition of intellectual property rights for assets created "in-world" by subscribers, and its laissez-faire policy on the buying and selling

Second Life is an example of a virtual world or a massively multiplayer online virtual environment (MMOVE).


Question: who wrote the song it aint my fault

Answer: John and T.J. Osborne

This is a document about It Ain't My Fault (Brothers Osborne song)
  "It Ain't My Fault" is a song recorded by American country music duo Brothers Osborne. The song was released in January 2017 as the duo's fifth single overall. Duo members John and T.J. Osborne co-wrote the song with Lee Thomas Miller.

This is a document about It Ain't My Fault (Silkk the Shocker song)
  The chorus of "It Ain't My Fault" samples the jazz song "It Ain't My Fault", which was written by Smokey Johnson and Wardell Quezergue in 1964. Introduced by Harold Dejan's Olympia Brass Band into the contemporary New Orleans brass band repertory, Johnson's and Quezergue's "It Ain't My Fault" has become a standard, recorded by the Treme Brass Band, the Preservation Hall Jazz Band and many others.

This is a document about It Ain't My Fault (Silkk the Shocker song)
  "It Ain't My Fault" is the second single released from rapper Silkk the Shocker's second album, Charge It 2 da Game. Produced by Craig B., the song features a verse and chorus from label-mate Mystikal and samples the New Orleans jazz standard "It Ain't My Fault" written by Smokey Johnson and Wardell Quezergue. "It Ain't My Fault" was one of Silkk the Shocker's successful singles, making it to 18 on the Billboard Hot 100.

This is a document about It's Not Your Fault
  "It's Not Your Fault" is a rock song at a length of three minutes and thirty seven seconds, written by the five members of New Found Glory, all of whom share credits for the music composition and the lyrics. The song is composed in the A Major key and has a "moderate tempo" of 129 beats per minute. The band's primary composer and guitarist Chad Gilbert, notes that the song has "big, full guitars and a piano line that goes throughout. It's pretty anthemic, and Jordan's voice has never sounded better." Gilbert further explained that, "This one shows how we've changed. We're a

This is a document about Smokey Johnson
  "It Ain't My Fault" has been recorded by Dejan's Olympia Brass Band, Rebirth Brass Band, Dirty Dozen Brass Band, Treme Brass Band, Charmaine Neville, Milton Batiste, Shane Theriot, Young Olympians, Ambrosia Brass Band, David Roe, Cole Prior Stevens, and Zydeco All-Stars. The song has also been sampled by Silkk the Shocker, Mystikal, Mariah Carey, DJ Melo-Mix and DJ Kid Fresh. In 2010, the Preservation Hall Jazz Band recorded a new version of the song, with lyrics, to help raise relief funds for the BP Oil Spill. The song featured Mos Def, Trombone Shorty and Lenny Kravitz.

This is a document about It Ain't Me
  The lyrics to "It Ain't Me" were written by Andrew Watt, Brian Lee and Ali Tamposi. With Watt previously working with Kygo, the DJ's manager Myles Shear contacted Watt for a session with Kygo which Watt also facilitated for Lee and Tamposi. During their session for "It Ain't Me", they initially found the track very poor, but were trying to salvage it. Kygo and Shear suggested that they continue working on the song. After Kygo and Shear had left, Tamposi told Watt and Lee to play guitar and "Fleetwood Mac it", spawning a 45-minute jam session as well as the demo

This is a document about List of 1930s jazz standards
 "Don't Blame Me"  was introduced in the musical revue Clowns in Clover and included in the 1933 film Dinner at Eight. The film is often mistakenly given as the song's origin. The first hit recordings were by Guy Lombardo and Ethel Waters in 1933. Nat King Cole recorded it several times as an instrumental, and had a hit with a 1944 vocal version. Charlie Parker made an influential ballad rendition in 1947. The song was composed by Jimmy McHugh with lyrics by Dorothy Fields. ; "I Cover the Waterfront", composed by Johnny Green with lyrics by Edward Heyman, was inspired by the 1932 novel

This is a document about Johnny Winter
  Winter caught his biggest break in December 1968, when Mike Bloomfield, whom he met and jammed with in Chicago, invited him to sing and play a song during a Bloomfield and Al Kooper concert at the Fillmore East in New York City. As it happened, representatives of Columbia Records (which had released the Top Ten Bloomfield/Kooper/Stills Super Session album) were at the concert. Winter played and sang B.B. King's "It's My Own Fault" to loud applause, and within a few days, was signed to what was reportedly the largest advance in the history of the recording industry at that time—$600,000. Winter's first Columbia album, Johnny Winter,

This is a document about Kel Spencer
  of MC Lyte, Lil J, Teddy Riley, Wyclef Jean, Nick Cannon, Lil' Kim, Carl Thomas, Heavy D, Rodney "Darkchild" Jerkins, Miri Ben-Ari, Mary J. Blige as well as the singles "Freak Freak" by Grammy Award winners The Product G&B (2001) and "It Ain't My Fault" by So Plush (2002). Spencer teamed up again on Will Smith's 2003 album "Born to Reign" co-writing 7 tracks out of 14 including the leading single and MTV Video Music Award nominated "Black Suits Comin' (Nod Ya Head)". Spencer renewed his collaboration with Smith on 5 tracks out of Smith's platinum 2005 album "Lost and Found", including the leading single and American Music Award-winning "Switch" peaking at

This is a document about It Ain't My Fault (Brothers Osborne song)
  "It Ain't My Fault" was the most-added single at Country radio for the week of January 18, 2017. It first entered the Billboard's Country Airplay on chart date of January 28, 2017 at No. 57, and Hot Country Songs at No. 47 two weeks later, later peaking at 14. The song has sold 356,000 copies in the US as of November 2017.

This is a document about Smokey Johnson
  on Professor Longhair's carnival classic "Big Chief". In 1964 he released a two-part single titled "It Ain't My Fault" as a leader. The song was developed over a drum cadence written years earlier by Johnson. The melody was developed in collaboration with Wardell Quezergue. According to Dan Phillips, the song is an early example of incorporating second line syncopation into pop music. The song has become a Mardi Gras and a brass band standard. In 1960s Johnson was an in demand session musician and served as the house drummer for Quezergue's NOLA Records. He released six double-sided singles as a

This is a document about Ain't
  a song written by Fats Domino and Dave Bartholomew, released by Imperial Records in 1955, which went on to sell over a million copies and introduced Fats Domino to a wider audience. ; "It Ain't Me, Babe" is a 1964 song by Bob Dylan, covered by many others, including the Turtles. ; "Ain't No Mountain High Enough" is a 1967 song recorded by Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell. ; "Ain't No Way" is a 1968 song recorded by Aretha Franklin. ; "Ain't No Sunshine" is a 1971 song recorded by Bill Withers. ; It Ain't Half Hot Mum, BBC television series written by Jimmy Perry and David Croft, broadcast between 1974 and 1981 ; "Ain't No Grave",

This is a document about Ain't
  Jazz Singer (1927), the first feature-length motion picture with synchronized dialogue sequences. That spoken line and others in the film, introduced the "talkies" and revolutionized the movie industry. ; "It Ain't Necessarily So", song from Porgy and Bess (1935); music by George Gershwin, words by Ira Gershwin. ; "He ain't heavy, he's my brother" has been used as the motto of Boys Town since 1943 and inspired a song "He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother", written by Bobby Scott and Bob Russell and recorded by The Hollies, Neil Diamond and other artists. ; Winston Churchill, commenting on the 1954 portrait by Graham Sutherland said "It makes me look half-witted, which I ain't". ; "Ain't That a Shame"

This is a document about Wardell Quezergue
  In the early 1960s Quezergue arranged for bandleader Dave Bartholomew at Imperial Records. He worked on releases by Fats Domino, Earl King and others, including King's signature song "Trick Bag" and Professor Longhair's carnival standard "Big Chief". He did several stage arrangements for Motown acts including Stevie Wonder. In 1962 Quezergue formed Nola Records. In 1964 he co-wrote drummer Smokey Johnson's "It Ain't My Fault", an instrumental track which became a New Orleans funk standard. Robert Parker's "Barefootin'" from the label reached number two on the R&B chart. Other artists on the label included Eddie Bo and Willie Tee. Later he signed a production deal with Malaco Records of Jackson, Mississippi, and recorded King

This is a document about It Ain't Right
 The Red Clay Ramblers, included on their 1986 release It Ain't Right ; The Red Stick Ramblers, included on their 2005 release Right Key, Wrong Keyhole ; The electro-swing band Caravan Palace features samples from this piece in their song "Rock It For Me", from the album titled "Panic". ; The Austrian electro-swing DJ Parov Stelar features samples from this piece in his song "Mama Talking", from his album "The Burning Spider". ; Odd Chap who's also an electro-swing dj remixed it in 2020 "It Ain't Right" is a popular song written by Bob Rothberg and Joseph Meyer. It was recorded by Stuff Smith during the 1930s. Smith performed at the Onyx Club on 52nd Street in New York City during the 1930s. Others to record the song include:

This is a document about Little Games
  Unlike the Yardbirds' three previous charting singles ("Shapes of Things", "Over Under Sideways Down" and "Happenings Ten Years Time Ago"), "Little Games" was not written by group members. Composed by Harold Spiro and Phil Wainman, its lyrics are echoed in Led Zeppelin's "Good Times Bad Times". Another pop song recorded was "No Excess Baggage", by the Brill Building songwriters Roger Atkins and Carl D'Errico, who composed the Animals Top 40 hit "It's My Life". Page adapted "White Summer" from Davy Graham's version of the Irish folk song "She Moved Through the Fair". The remaining album songs are credited to the band members and include "Drinking Muddy Water", an interpretation of the blues classic "Rollin' and Tumblin'"

This is a document about Not Your Fault
  "Not Your Fault" is a song by American alternative rock band Awolnation. It was written by frontman Aaron Bruno and recorded by the band for their debut studio album Megalithic Symphony, where it appears as the twelfth track. "Not Your Fault" was released to American modern rock radio on October 17, 2011, and was also released as a single in the United Kingdom and Bosnia on February 26, 2012. The single peaked at numbers three and eleven on the US Billboard Alternative Songs and Rock Songs charts, respectively.

This is a document about It Ain't Me Babe
  "It Ain't Me Babe" is a song by Bob Dylan that originally appeared on his fourth album Another Side of Bob Dylan, which was released in 1964 by Columbia Records. According to music critic Oliver Trager, this song, along with others on the album, marked a departure for Dylan as he began to explore the possibilities of language and deeper levels of the human experience. Within a year of its release, the song was picked up as a single by folk rock act the Turtles and country artist Johnny Cash (who sang it as a duet with his future wife June Carter).

This is a document about It's Not Your Fault
  "It's Not Your Fault" is a song by American rock band New Found Glory, serving as the lead single from their fifth studio album Coming Home (2006). The track was first announced in July 2006, before the music video debuted on TRL on 1 August. "It's Not Your Fault" was released to radio on July 25, 2006. The song was later released to Modern Rock Radio in September, shortly before the album was released. The single marked a musical departure for the band and was seen by critics as a step away from their usual pop punk sound, with the addition of prominent piano instrumentation. According to internet radio website Last.fm, "It's Not Your Fault" is the most played song from Coming Home, with 145,000 current listeners.

This is a document about 1930s in jazz
 "Don't Blame Me"  is a song composed by Jimmy McHugh with lyrics by Dorothy Fields. It was introduced in the musical revue Clowns in Clover and included in the 1933 film Dinner at Eight. The film is often mistakenly given as the song's origin. The first hit recordings were by Guy Lombardo and Ethel Waters in 1933. ; "Drop Me Off in Harlem" is a jazz song composed by Duke Ellington with lyrics by Nick Kenny. ; "I Cover the Waterfront" is a song composed by Johnny Green with lyrics by Edward Heyman. It was included in the score of the film of the same name. ; "It's Only a Paper Moon" is a song from the Broadway show The Great Magoo, composed by Harold Arlen with lyrics by Yip Harburg and Billy Rose.

 The song "It Ain't My Fault" by Brothers Osborne was written by John and T.J. Osborne, Lee Thomas Miller, and Duane Thomas.

The song "It Ain't My Fault" by Silkk the Shocker was written by Smokey Johnson and Wardell Quezergue.

The song "It Ain't My Fault" by Chad Gilbert and New Found Glory was written by all five members of the band.

The song "It Ain't My Fault" by various artists, including Dejan Olympia


Question: which countries are the latest additions to caricom

Answer: Haiti

This is a document about Caribbean Accreditation Authority for Education in Medicine and other Health Professions
  authority itself was launched shortly after in July 2004. As of 2019, 13 CARICOM Member States have signed up to the Agreement on CAAM-HP and are participating territories: Antigua & Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent & the Grenadines, Suriname, and Trinidad & Tobago. Participation is open to all other CARICOM Member States and Associate Member States according to the Agreement, with the British Virgin Islands becoming the first Associate Member to sign on to the Agreement on 18 February 2020 at the 31st Intersessional Meeting of the CARICOM Heads of Government. On

This is a document about CARIPASS
 Member states who have signed the treaty ; Antigua and Barbuda (12 March 2010) ; Grenada (12 March 2010) ; St. Kitts and Nevis (12 March 2010) ; Saint Lucia (11 March 2010) ; Trinidad and Tobago (12 March 2010) Member states who have acceded to the treaty ; Guyana (27 April 2010) Member states who have not yet signed the treaty ; Barbados ; Dominica ; Jamaica ; St. Vincent & the Grenadines In CARICOM, the introduction of any new system must be accompanied by relevant legislation. For CARIPASS, two pieces of legislation are required for the document to be recognised as a valid travel document, and to ensure the automatic gates are recognised as legitimate immigration checkpoints. These

This is a document about CARICOM Single Market and Economy
 🇻🇬 (July 1991) ; 🇹🇨 (July 1991) ; 🇦🇮 (July 1999) ;  (15 May 2002) ;  (2 July 2003) Current twelve full members of both CARICOM and the CSME: Of the twelve members expected to join the CSME, Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago were the first six to implement the CARICOM Single Market on 1 January 2006. Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia and St. Vincent and the Grenadines were the next batch of members (six in all) that joined the CSM on July 3, 2006 at the recent CARICOM Heads of Government Conference. Current

This is a document about Caribbean Community
  The Caribbean Community (CARICOM or CC) is an intergovernmental organisation of 15 member states (14 nation-states and one dependency) throughout the Caribbean having primary objectives to promote economic integration and cooperation among its members, to ensure that the benefits of integration are equitably shared, and to coordinate foreign policy. The organisation was established in 1973. Its major activities involve coordinating economic policies and development planning; devising and instituting special projects for the less-developed countries within its jurisdiction; operating as a regional single market for many of its members (Caricom Single Market); and handling regional trade disputes. The secretariat headquarters is in Georgetown, Guyana. CARICOM is an official United Nations Observer beneficiary. CARICOM was established by the English-speaking parts of the Caribbean, and currently includes all

This is a document about International reactions to the 2020 United States presidential election
  🇬🇩 Grenada – Prime Minister Keith Mitchell (2013–present) ; 🇭🇹 Haiti – President Jovenel Moïse (2017–2021) ; 🇯🇲 Jamaica – Prime Minister Andrew Holness (2016–present) ; Kingdom of the Netherlands ; 🇦🇼 Aruba – Prime Minister Evelyn Wever-Croes (2017–present) ; 🇨🇼 Curaçao – Prime Minister Eugene Rhuggenaath (2017–present) ; Sint Maarten – Prime Minister Silveria Jacobs (2019–present) ; 🇰🇳 Saint Kitts and Nevis – Prime Minister Timothy Harris (2015–present) ; 🇱🇨 Saint Lucia – Prime Minister Allen Chastanet (2016–present) ; 🇻🇨 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines – Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves (2001–present) ; 🇹🇹 Trinidad and Tobago – Prime Minister Keith Rowley (2015–present)

This is a document about Projects of the Caribbean Community
  Barbados, Belize, Dominica,Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago. A result of the CARIFORUM-EU EPA's Regional Preference Clause is that allows for the first formal framework for economic integration between Haiti and the Dominican Republic as Haiti is not a part of the CARICOM-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement and there has been no previous free trade agreement between them. Thus all 15 of the current CARICOM member states and the Dominican Republic are now involved in at least one free trade arrangement which covers all 16 countries and territories in one way or another.

This is a document about Economy of North America
  The Caribbean Community (CARICOM) was created "To provide dynamic leadership and service, in partnership with Community institutions and Groups, toward the attainment of a viable, internationally competitive and sustainable Community, with improved quality of life for all". Its secretariat is based in Georgetown, Guyana, South America. - On January 1, 2006 six members: (Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago) unofficially ushered in the Caribbean (CARICOM) Single Market and Economy (CSME). - At the official signing of the protocol on January 30, 2006 in Jamaica, A further six members: (Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) announced their intention to join by the second quarter of 2006. Montserrat, a British Oversees territory is awaiting approval by the United Kingdom. Haiti and the Bahamas have no immediate plans to join.

This is a document about List of projects of the Belt and Road Initiative
  Panama was the first to sign BRI agreements, followed by Bolivia, Antigua and Barbuda, Trinidad and Tobago, and Guyana. Newer additions include: Barbados, Cuba, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Grenada, Jamaica, and Suriname.

This is a document about Caribbean Community
 Antigua and Barbuda ; Belize ; Commonwealth of Dominica ; Grenada ; Republic of Haiti ; Montserrat ; Federation of St. Kitts and Nevis ; St Lucia ; St Vincent and the Grenadines Commonwealth of The Bahamas ; Barbados ; Co-operative Republic of Guyana ; Jamaica ; Republic of Suriname ; Republic of Trinidad and Tobago Structures comprised by the overall Caribbean Community (CARICOM). Under Article 4 CARICOM breaks its 15 member states into two groups: Less Developed Countries (LDCs) and More Developed Countries (MDCs). The countries of CARICOM which are designated as Less Developed Countries (LDCs) are:  The countries of CARICOM which are designated as More Developed Countries (MDCs) are:

This is a document about United Nations Slavery Memorial
 CARICOM ; United Nations Office for Partnerships ; Jamaica Mission ; African Union

This is a document about Projects of the Caribbean Community
  Three countries—Barbados, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago—had originally set 5 January 2005 as the date of signing the agreement relating to the CARICOM single market and economy (CSME). The ceremony had then been rescheduled to coincide with 19 February 2005 inauguration of the new CARICOM-headquarters building in Georgetown, Guyana, but this was later postponed after a ruling by the London Privy council caused alarm to several Caribbean countries. The prospect was that ten of the remaining twelve CARICOM countries would join the CSME by the end of 2005. The Bahamas and Haiti were not expected to be a part of the new economic arrangement at that time. The CARICOM Secretariat maintains frequent contact with another organisation named the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS), which represents seven Full members and two Associate members of CARICOM in the Eastern

This is a document about Projects of the Caribbean Community
  As of early 2009 twelve Member States have introduced CARICOM passports. These states are Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago. CARICOM members yet to issue the common passports are Bahamas, Montserrat and Haiti. Citizens of Montserrat are citizens of the United Kingdom, so it is unlikely that the common passport will be introduced there. The CARICOM passport creates awareness that CARICOM nationals are nationals of the Community, as well as a specific country.

This is a document about CARICOM Single Market and Economy
  by the CARICOM Conference of Heads of Government in May 2015, it was confirmed that CARICOM member states will provide US$65.84 million in new funding for the CDF in its Second Funding Cycle, due to commence on 1 July 2015. This amount will also be supplemented by US$10.2 million of carry-over funds, bringing a total of US$76 million for the Second Funding Cycle. Trinidad and Tobago, the largest contributor, confirmed that it was providing US$40 million to the CDF. Both the governments of Haiti and Montserrat expressed their desire to become members of the CDF during its Second Funding Cycle.

This is a document about Projects of the Caribbean Community
  Many of the OECS countries are seeking to maintain themselves as a micro-economic grouping within CARICOM. The CARICOM Single Market and Economy treaty finally went into effect on 1 January 2006, with Barbados, Belize, Jamaica, Guyana, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago as the first full members. On 3 July 2006, the total membership was brought up to twelve when Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines became full members. The British overseas territory of Montserrat is seeking permission from the United Kingdom to become a part of the single market; Haiti will not join the market initially because of its difficult internal political situation; and the Bahamas will not join because of local opposition to a provision that allows skilled workers to move more easily among nations.

This is a document about Member states of the Caribbean Community
  Countries and Territories (OCTs) of the EU. Ambassador LaRocque informed Prime Minister Marlin that the associate membership applications of Sint Maarten, Curaçao and Aruba were being attended to be a technical working group established specially for devising the terms and conditions of associate membership, as such terms had not been spelled out in the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas. LaRocque also noted that CARICOM was working on an enlargement policy for new member states to be submitted to the Heads of Government for agreement by the end of the year. Sint Maarten had officially applied for associate membership of CARICOM in January 2014 when it sent an official letter of interest.

This is a document about Projects of the Caribbean Community
  all member states (less Guyana and Haiti) on 15 October 2008 in Barbados. Guyana later signed on 20 October 2008 in Brussels.  (Montserrat is a British Overseas Territory and is thus exempt from needing to conclude this agreement.) Proposed ; CARICOM – Canada: To be negotiated, after Canada finishes their CAFTA agreement. ; CARICOM – Mercosur: Opened for discussions in May 2005 ; CARICOM – United States: Has been tossed around politically in various degrees including the idea of CARICOM seeking to be an entrant into NAFTA, but has not yet taken a firm position. From around the year 2000, the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) states have placed

This is a document about List of bilateral free-trade agreements
 Canada (1 November 2002) ; Chile (15 February 2002) ; People's Republic of China (1 August 2011) ; Caribbean Community (CARICOM) (15 November 2005) ; Trinidad and Tobago (15 November 2005) ; Guyana (30 April 2006) ; Barbados (1 August 2006) ; Belize (10 March 2011) ; Jamaica (1 June 2015) ; Still awaiting approval from: ; Suriname ; Antigua and Barbuda ; Dominica ; Grenada ; Saint Kitts and Nevis ; Saint Lucia ; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ; Colombia (1 August 2016). ; Dominican Republic (7 March 2002) ; EFTA (2 May 2014). ; Norway (20 August 2014) ; Switzerland (29 August 2014) ; Liechtenstein

This is a document about CARICOM Heads of Government
  The following is a list of heads of government of the members states of CARICOM:

This is a document about CARICOM passport
  As of early 2009, twelve Member States had introduced CARICOM passports. These states are: Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago. CARICOM members who have not yet issued the common passport are the Bahamas, Haiti, and Montserrat. As Montserrat is a British Overseas Territory, citizens of Montserrat became full citizens of the United Kingdom in 2002, and so a common passport is unlikely to be introduced for them. The CARICOM passport creates awareness that CARICOM nationals are nationals of the Community, as well as a specific country.

This is a document about Caribbean Community
  The post of Chairman (Head of CARICOM) is held in rotation by the regional Heads of State (for the republics) and Heads of Government (for the realms) of CARICOM's 15 member states. These include: Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Haiti, Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, The Bahamas, Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago.

The latest additions to CARICOM are the Associate Member States: The Bahamas and Belize. They joined on 18 February 2020.


Question: who was the first public protector in south africa

Answer: Selby Baqwa

This is a document about Public Protector
  The first person to hold the office was Selby Baqwa, appointed on the inception of the office in 1995. He was succeeded in 2002 by Lawrence Mushwana and in 2009 by Thuli Madonsela. The current Public Protector, is Busisiwe Mkhwebane, in office since October 2016. The office of the Public protector has been faced with harsh criticism by parliament specifically by the majority party for requesting an increase of R200m in the budget allocation for additional resources. With the justice portfolio committee chairman Mathole Motshekga being critical of the budget and strategic presentation presented by Adv. Thuli Madonsela. During the budget speech

This is a document about Thuli Madonsela
  Madonsela was appointed Public Protector by President Jacob Zuma for a non-renewable seven-year term commencing 19 October 2009, with unanimous support from the multi-party National Assembly. At the announcement of her appointment, Zuma said Madonsela "will need to ensure that this office continues to be accessible to ordinary citizens and undertakes its work without fear or favour". Madonsela likens her role as Public Protector to the Venda chief's paternal aunt known as the makhadzi, a non-political figure who "gives the people a voice while giving the traditional leader a conscience". In 2012, she investigated "kickbacks" received by Julius Malema in the context of traffic department contracts given to external contractor On-Point Engineering.

This is a document about Public Protector
  The Public Protector is one of six State Institutions Supporting Democracy in South Africa. These institutions are independent of the government, subject only to South Africa's Constitution and the law, and report annually to Parliament.

This is a document about Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife
  The first known person to provide protection to wildlife in the region was Zulu King Shaka, who prevented excessive hunting of game animals in the Umfolozi River valley in the early 19th century. However King Shaka used this area for his own hunting purposes and cannot be classed as a 'preservationist'. Voortrekkers, who entered the region now known as KwaZulu-Natal in the early 19th century, also had conservation policies. The Voortrekker leader Piet Retief had rules excluding the unnecessary shooting of game, and veld burning was strictly controlled. Zulu King Mpande is known to have afforded protection to the Ongoye Forest. He is also said to have issued an edict preventing the killing of large game animals. The Durban Botanic Garden was founded in 1859, and although founded

This is a document about Selby Baqwa
  Selby Baqwa was South Africa's Public Protector from 1995 to 2002 and Lawrence Mushwana took over the office.

This is a document about P. W. Botha
  Pieter Willem Botha, (12 January 1916 – 31 October 2006), commonly known as P. W. and Die Groot Krokodil (The Big Crocodile), was a South African politician. He served as the last prime minister of South Africa from 1978 to 1984 and the first executive state president of South Africa from 1984 to 1989. First elected to Parliament in 1948, Botha was an outspoken opponent of black majority rule and international communism. However, his administration did make concessions towards political reform, whereas internal unrest saw widespread human rights abuses at the hands of the government. Botha resigned as leader of the ruling

This is a document about Protector of Aborigines
  and to protect them from acts of cruelty, oppression and injustice. The Port Phillip Protectorate was established with George Augustus Robinson as chief protector and four full-time protectors. While the role was nominally to protect Aboriginal people, particularly in remote areas, the role included social control up to the point of controlling whom individuals were able to marry and where they lived and managing their financial affairs. A. O. Neville was a notable Protector in Western Australia. Matthew Moorhouse was the first Protector of Aborigines in South Australia. He led the Rufus River massacre, which slaughtered 30 to 40 Aboriginal people. The Aborigines Welfare Board in New South Wales was abolished in 1969. By then, all states and territories had repealed the legislation allowing for the removal of Aboriginal children under the policy of protection.

This is a document about Louis Botha
  Louis Botha (27 September 1862 – 27 August 1919) was a South African politician who was the first prime minister of the Union of South Africa—the forerunner of the modern South African state. A Boer war hero during the Second Boer War, he eventually fought to have South Africa become a British Dominion.

This is a document about Ombudsman
 Public Protector ; Auditor-General

This is a document about Lawrence Mushwana
  Adv Lawrence Mabendle Mushwana (born 3 March 1948) was the Public Protector of South Africa before advocate Thuli Madonsela succeeded him. Mushwana was appointed by President Thabo Mbeki from October 2002 until October 2009. Mushwana is a lawyer by profession with a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Zululand. From 1972 to 1975 he worked as an interpreter at the Bushbuckridge Magistrate's Court. From 1992 until 2003 he worked as an attorney with Mushwana Attorneys. He is a member of the African National Congress, having served in the Limpopo Provincial Executive from 1994 to 2002, and in the National Executive from 1999 until 2002. From 1999 to 2002 he was also the Deputy Chair of the National Council of Provinces. He was appointed as the South African Public Protector in 2002 and at the end of his term in 2009 he left to chair the South African Human Rights Commission.

This is a document about Public Safety Act, 1953
  In 1953, the Public Safety Act was enacted by the apartheid South African government (coming into force 4 March). This Act empowered the government to declare stringent states of emergency and increased penalties for protesting against or supporting the repeal of a law. This act was passed in response to civil disobedience campaigns by the African National Congress (ANC), in particular the Defiance Campaign of 1952 (instigated by ANC leaders, including Nelson Mandela and Walter Sisulu). The Act included a provision that empowered the government to declare a state of emergency in any or every part of the country (South West Africa included) and to rule by proclamation. Under Section 3, this power was granted to the Governor General (and later, the State President), and it effectively put

This is a document about Public Protector
 These institutions are independent, and subject only to the Constitution and the law. According to the Constitution, they must be impartial and must exercise their powers and perform their functions without fear, favour or prejudice. ; Other organs of state, through legislative and other measures, must assist and protect these institutions to ensure the independence, impartiality, dignity and effectiveness of these institutions. ; No person or organ of state may interfere with the functioning of these institutions. ; These institutions are accountable to the National Assembly, and must report on their activities and the performance of their functions to the Assembly at least once a year. The Public Protector in South Africa is one of six independent state institutions set up by the country's Constitution to support and defend democracy. According to Section 181 of the Constitution:

This is a document about History of Johannesburg
  to 700 have been made. In remembrance of these events, 16 June is now a public holiday in South Africa. A thirteen year old Black boy, Hector Pieterson, is the iconic first victim of police brutality, but Dr Melville Edelstein, who had devoted his life to social welfare among blacks, was soon forgotten. He was stoned to death by the mob and left with a sign around his neck proclaiming "Beware Afrikaners". Following the riots the government founded three community councils, namely Soweto proper, Dobsonville and Diepmeadow (the latter for the townships of Diepkloof and Meadowlands). When elections were

This is a document about South African Republic Police
  criminal acts while drunk led to urgent demands from the white community of Johannesburg that some means of policing the black community being created. To provide a means of controlling of the new city that had emerged on the highveld, the ZAR government created the ZARPs in September 1886 with a German immigrant, Karl Frederich von Brandis, being appointed the first police commissioner. In July 1887, Brandis reported to Pretoria that owning to the unregulated state of the brothels of Johannesburg that syphilis was reaching pandemic status, leading to him to ask for permission to intern the "sick whores" as he called them in a medical facility before more were infected. When there was no response,

This is a document about White South Africans
 Louis Botha, farmer, soldier, statesman; first Prime Minister of South Africa ; P. W. Botha, former State President of South Africa ; F. W. de Klerk, former State President of South Africa ; Marike de Klerk, former First Lady of South Africa, murdered in her home in 2001 ; Sir Patrick Duncan Governor-General at the start of the Second World War ; Ruth First, anti-apartheid activist and scholar ; Sir James Percy FitzPatrick, author, politician and businessman ; Derek Hanekom, Deputy Minister of Technology; prominent ANC member of Parliament ; Nicholas Haysom, Former legal adviser to Nelson Mandela, former United Nations Special Representative to Afghanistan ;

This is a document about South African Police
  The South African Police were the successors to the police forces of the Cape Colony, the Natal Colony, the Orange River Colony, and the Transvaal Colony in law enforcement in South Africa. Proclamation 18 formed the South African Police on 1 April 1913 with the amalgamation of the police forces of the four old colonies after the founding of the Union of South Africa in 1910. The first Commissioner of Police was Colonel Theo G Truter with 5,882 men under his command. The SAP originally policed cities and urban areas, while the South African Mounted Riflemen, a branch of the Union Defence Force, enforced

This is a document about Kaurna
  tribes. The Colonisation Commissioners had promised to protect the Aboriginal people and their property as well as making provision for their subsistence, education and advancement, with the post of Protector of Aborigines set up with this aim. William Wyatt was followed by the first official appointment in the role, Matthew Moorhouse, who held the post from 1839 to 1856. He reported in 1840 that many Kaurna were friendly and helpful, and that by 1840, about 150 spoke at least some English. Many Kaurna men, such as Mullawirraburka ("King John") and Kadlitpinna ("Captain Jack") helped the police and new settlers, also sharing their language, culture and

This is a document about ǃKora Wars
  The first recorded significant incident between the ǃKora people and the colonial government occurred in 1869, when a Griqua and Scottish trader were robbed along the southern bank of the Orange River. Piet Rooi, the leader of another nomadic ǃKora group, was held responsible for the robbery, and as punishment was lashed and committed to three months hard labour. He was subsequently released on account of insufficient evidence against him. The treatment he received did not sit well with many of the ǃIkora raiders, and this spurred them into increased levels of livestock pillaging that belonged to the settlers throughout the region. A three hundred-man strong commando under Special Magistrate Maxmillian

This is a document about History of South Australia
  Protectors of Aborigines had been appointed from as early as 1836 in South Australia (with Matthew Moorhouse as the first gazetted appointment as Chief Protector in 1939), with the Governor proclaiming that Aborigines were "to be considered as much under the safeguard of the law as the Colonists themselves, and equally entitled to the Privileges of British Subjects. Under the Aboriginal Orphans Ordinance 1844 the Protector was made legal guardian of "every half-caste and other unprotected Aboriginal child whose parents are dead or unknown". Schools and Aboriginal reserves were set up. Despite these attempts at protection, Moorhouse himself presided over the Rufus River massacre in 1841. The office of Protector was abolished in 1856; within four years, 35 of the 42 Aboriginal reserves had been leased to settlers. The

This is a document about Thuli Madonsela
  Thulisile Nomkhosi "Thuli" Madonsela (born 28 September 1962) is a South African advocate and professor of law, holding a chair in social justice at Stellenbosch University since January 2018. She served as the Public Protector of South Africa from 19 October 2009 to 14 October 2016. In 1996, she helped draft the final constitution of South Africa promulgated by then-President Nelson Mandela.

Selby Baqwa was the first Public Protector in South Africa, serving from 1995 to 2002.


Question: who sang last night by the traveling wilburys

Answer: Petty

This is a document about List of songs produced by Jeff Lynne
 "Handle with Care" ; "Dirty World" ; "Rattled" ; "Last Night" ; "Not Alone Any More" ; "Congratulations" ; "Heading for the Light" ; "Margarita" ; "Tweeter and the Monkey Man" ; "End of the Line" All songs written by the Traveling Wilburys ( Harrison, Lynne, Bob Dylan, Roy Orbison and Tom Petty).

This is a document about Heading for the Light
 George Harrison – lead, harmony (bridge) and backing vocals; electric and acoustic guitars ; Jeff Lynne – lead (bridge) and backing vocals; acoustic guitar, bass guitar, keyboards ; Roy Orbison – backing vocals, acoustic guitar ; Tom Petty – acoustic guitar, backing vocals ; Bob Dylan – acoustic guitar Jim Horn – saxophones ; Jim Keltner – drums ; Ray Cooper – percussion Traveling Wilburys Additional musicians

This is a document about Handle with Care (song)
 George Harrison – lead and harmony vocals, acoustic and electric guitars, slide guitar ; Roy Orbison – lead and harmony vocals, acoustic guitar ; Bob Dylan – harmony vocals, acoustic guitar, harmonica ; Jeff Lynne – harmony vocals, acoustic and electric guitars, bass guitar, drums, cowbell ; Tom Petty – harmony vocals, acoustic guitar Ian Wallace – tom-toms Traveling Wilburys Additional musician

This is a document about Traveling Wilburys
  The Traveling Wilburys (sometimes shortened to the Wilburys) were a British–American supergroup consisting of Bob Dylan, George Harrison, Jeff Lynne, Roy Orbison and Tom Petty. Originating from an idea discussed by Harrison and Lynne during the sessions for Harrison's 1987 album Cloud Nine, the band formed in April 1988 after the five members united to record a bonus track for Harrison's next European single. When this collaboration, "Handle with Care", was deemed too good for such a limited release, the group agreed to record a full album, titled Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1. Following Orbison's death in December 1988, the Wilburys released a second album, which they titled Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3, in 1990. The project's work received much anticipation given the

This is a document about (Last Night) I Didn't Get to Sleep at All
  demo of the song to the Carpenters. "They said they loved it and they'd do it. [Later] I got a phone call about 2 o'clock in the morning that woke me up (they hadn't figured out the time change between here and America). They said 'Oh, we can't record it because it mentions sleeping pills and they are drugs and we don't mention drugs.' So I got up in the middle of the night and rewrote the last verse without the sleeping pills." However, Macaulay was not happy with the change to the lyric, so when Bones Howe contacted him the next week, Macaulay pitched "(Last Night)..." for the 5th Dimension, who recorded it with the sleeping pill reference intact. The lead vocals on the 5th Dimension’s recording are performed by Marilyn McCoo.

This is a document about List of songs produced by Jeff Lynne
 "She's My Baby" ; "Inside Out" ; "If You Belonged To Me" ; "Devil's Been Busy" ; "7 Deadly Sins" ; "Poor House" ; "Where Were You Last Night?" ; "Cool Dry Place" ; "New Blue Moon" ; "You Took My Breath Away" ; "Wilbury Twist" All songs written by the Traveling Wilburys.

This is a document about In the Wee Small Hours
  solo. Sinatra was involved in the production and felt that the guitar solo needed to be slowed considerably. He held Riddle and the musicians in high esteem, so he talked with guitarist George Van Eps about the change, then discussed it separately with Riddle. Van Eps commented, "Frank was loaded with things like that." The finale is a "cataclysmic climax." Sinatra recorded the song with an arrangement by Gordon Jenkins for the album September of My Years (1965). Last Night was written for the movie Metropolitan (1935) but was cut from the final version, appearing only as an instrumental during the credits. The song includes advanced

This is a document about List of roots rock bands and musicians
 Train ; The Traveling Wilburys

This is a document about List of UK top-ten albums in 2007
  studio albums and a number 3 greatest hits album. Her debut solo effort, Real Girl, went straight in at number ten. Richard Hawley saw the first of his solo albums reach the top 10 in 2007, however he was part of the line-up of Pulp for their 2001 album We Love Life which peaked at the number 6 spot. The Traveling Wilburys consisted of four notable singers with decades of success behind them - George Harrison (The Beatles), Tom Petty (Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers), Jeff Lynne (ELO) and Bob Dylan. The Traveling Wilburys Collection was a boxset of their two studio albums (Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1 and Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3), neither of which reached the top ten on their first release in 1988 and 1990 respectively.

This is a document about 42nd Annual Grammy Awards
  Emmylou Harris, Dolly Parton & Linda Ronstadt ; "(God Must Have Spent) A Little More Time on You" – Alabama featuring NSYNC ; "Going Away Party" – Asleep at the Wheel featuring The Manhattan Transfer & Willie Nelson ; "Roly Poly" – Asleep at the Wheel featuring Dixie Chicks ; "When I Said I Do" – Clint Black with Lisa Hartman Black "Bob's Breakdowns" – Asleep at the Wheel featuring Tommy Allsup, Floyd Domino, Larry Franklin, Vince Gill & Steve Wariner ; "Black Mountain Rag" – Del McCoury, Doc Watson & Mac Wiseman ; "Mr. John Henry, Steel Driving Man" – Marty Stuart & Earl Scruggs

This is a document about Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M.
 Paul Simon – acoustic guitar, banjo on "Last Night I Had the Strangest Dream", vocals ; Art Garfunkel – vocals ; Barry Kornfeld – acoustic guitar ; Bill Lee – double bass

This is a document about Last Night I Had the Strangest Dream
 Art Garfunkel – harmony vocals ; Paul Simon – banjo, harmony vocals Barry Kornfeld – acoustic guitar ; Bill Lee – double bass ; Tom Wilson – producer Background American folk duo Simon & Garfunkel knew McCurdy, as he had been a host at The Bitter End, and had therefore heard him play the song. As a result, it was later decided that "Last Night I Had the Strangest Dream" would be recorded by the duo for their first album. Upon conceiving Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M. record producer Tom Wilson requested that the album would be composed of six covers and

This is a document about Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1
  The Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1 is the debut studio album by the English-American supergroup Traveling Wilburys, comprising George Harrison, Jeff Lynne, Bob Dylan, Roy Orbison and Tom Petty. It was released in October 1988 to commercial success and critical acclaim. Although Harrison had long planned to start such a band, the project came about through happenstance. Harrison was in Los Angeles and in need of a B-side for a single from his Cloud Nine album, which resulted in the participants collaborating informally on the song "Handle with Care" at Dylan's home. Adopting alter egos as the five Wilbury brothers, they then recorded a full album, produced by Lynne and Harrison. It was the only Wilburys album to feature Orbison, who died suddenly of a heart attack less than two months after its release. The group continued as a four-piece after his death. The Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1 was nominated for the Grammy Award for Album of the Year in 1989 and helped revitalise the careers of Dylan and Petty. It has been certified triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America.

This is a document about Heading for the Light
  George Harrison and Jeff Lynne first discussed the idea for the Traveling Wilburys in early 1987 when they were recording Cloud Nine, Harrison's first album in five years. When Harrison suggested they should form their "dream" band, Lynne chose Roy Orbison as a potential bandmate, while Harrison's first choice was Bob Dylan. Lynne later said that, although he thought Harrison was "just joking", "Anything could happen with George, everybody loved him." The pair devised the term "wilbury" in response to mishaps occurring during the recording process that led to them having to "bury" the unwanted sound in the mix. In April 1988, after Warner Bros. Records had asked Harrison for an additional track for the European release of "This Is

This is a document about Ed McCurdy
  early 1960s, developing friendships with the younger folk set of Odetta, Bob Gibson, Erik Darling, Ramblin' Jack Elliott, and Josh White, Jr. His widely covered anti-war song, "Last Night I Had the Strangest Dream", has been recorded in seventy-six languages (including covers by The Weavers in 1960, the Chad Mitchell Trio in 1962, Simon & Garfunkel in 1964, Cornelis Vreeswijk in 1964 (in Swedish), Hannes Wader in 1979 (in German), Johnny Cash in 2003, Garth Brooks in 2005, Serena Ryder in 2006, and Charles Lloyd in 2016). The melody is included in Francesco de Gregori's "Via della poverta". In November 1989, as

This is a document about Not Alone Any More
  George Harrison and Jeff Lynne first discussed the idea for the Traveling Wilburys in early 1987 when they were recording Harrison's album Cloud Nine. Lynne chose Roy Orbison as a potential bandmate, while Harrison's first choice was Bob Dylan. Later that year, Lynne began working in Los Angeles on Orbison's album Mystery Girl. As a result of this collaboration, Orbison, whom Harrison had befriended during a 1963 Beatles tour, joined Harrison, Lynne, Dylan and Tom Petty at the April 1988 recording session for "Handle with Care". The latter was intended as a B-side for Harrison's next single but instead led to the formation

This is a document about Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1
 Nelson Wilbury (George Harrison) – lead and harmony vocals, electric and acoustic guitars, slide guitar ; Otis Wilbury (Jeff Lynne) – lead and harmony vocals, electric and acoustic guitars, bass guitar, keyboards; drums and cowbell on "Handle with Care" ; Charlie T. Wilbury Jr (Tom Petty) – lead and harmony vocals, acoustic guitar ; Lefty Wilbury (Roy Orbison) – lead and harmony vocals, acoustic guitar ; Lucky Wilbury (Bob Dylan) – lead and harmony vocals, acoustic guitar, harmonica on "Handle with Care" Buster Sidebury (Jim Keltner) – drums (all tracks except "Handle with Care") ; Jim Horn – saxophones ; Ray Cooper – percussion ; Ian Wallace – tom-toms on "Handle with Care" ; Michael Palin (as Hugh Jampton, E.F. Norti-Bitz Reader in Applied Jacket) – album liner notes Produced by Otis and Nelson Wilbury (Jeff Lynne and George Harrison) ; Engineers – Bill Bottrell, Don Smith (Los Angeles); Richard Dodd, Phil McDonald (Henley) Traveling Wilburys Additional personnel Production

This is a document about The Traveling Wilburys Collection
 Nelson/Spike Wilbury (George Harrison) – lead and rhythm guitars, mandolin, sitar, vocals ; Clayton/Otis Wilbury (Jeff Lynne) – guitar, keyboards, bass, vocals, lead guitar on "Maxine" ; Charlie/Muddy Wilbury (Tom Petty) – guitar, vocals ; Lucky/Boo Wilbury (Bob Dylan) – guitar, harmonica, vocals ; Lefty Wilbury (Roy Orbison; 1988 recordings only) – guitar, vocals Buster Sidebury (Jim Keltner) – drums, percussion ; Jim Horn – saxophones ; Ray Cooper – percussion ; Ian Wallace – tom-toms on "Handle with Care" ; Ken Wilbury (Gary Moore) – lead guitar on "She's My Baby" ; Ayrton Wilbury (Dhani Harrison; 2007 overdubs) – lead guitar on "Like a Ship", backing vocals on "Maxine" and "Like a Ship" Traveling Wilburys Additional musicians

This is a document about Traveling Wilburys
  The band members decided to create a full album together, Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1. Video footage of the creative process was later edited by Harrison into a promotional film for Warner Bros. staff, titled Whatever Wilbury Wilbury. The album was recorded primarily over a ten-day period in May 1988, to allow for Dylan's limited availability as he prepared for the start of what became known as his Never Ending Tour and for Orbison's tour schedule. These sessions were held in the house of Eurythmics member Dave Stewart, in Los Angeles. The five band members sat in a circle playing acoustic guitars in Stewart's kitchen; once each song's basic track

This is a document about List of train songs
  the Pioneers, Pete Seeger, Ernest V. Stoneman (1929), Doc Watson, Henry Whitter (1923) ; "New Train", separate songs, artist followed by composer: Paul "Earthquake" Pena with Jerry Garcia and Merl Saunders (Paul "Earthquake" Pena); John Prine (John Prine) ; "New York Hobo, The" by Darby & Tarlton ; "New York Trains, The" (Woody Guthrie, Del McCoury), by The Del McCoury Band ; "Nickel Plate Road 759" (Utah Phillips) by Utah Phillips ; "Night the Trains Broke Down" by (P. F. Sloan) by P. F. Sloan ; "Night They Drove Old Dixie Down, The" (Robbie Robertson) by Allman Brothers Band, Joan Baez, The Band, Big Country, The Black Crowes, John Denver, Tanya Tucker, Tammy Wynette

The song "Last Night" by the Traveling Wilburys was sung by Jeff Lynne.


Question: who was the joker before becoming the joker

Answer: Red Hood

This is a document about Joker (character)
  The Joker has undergone many revisions since his 1940 debut. The most common interpretation of the character is that of a man who, while disguised as the criminal Red Hood, is pursued by Batman and falls into a vat of chemicals that bleaches his skin, colors his hair green and his lips red, and drives him insane. The reasons why the Joker was disguised as the Red Hood and his identity before his transformation have changed over time. The character was introduced in Batman #1 (1940), in which he announces that he will kill three of Gotham's prominent citizens (including Henry Claridge). Although

This is a document about Joker (character)
  the late 1950s in response to regulation by the Comics Code Authority, before returning to his darker roots during the early 1970s. As Batman's nemesis, the Joker has been part of the superhero's defining stories, including the murder of Jason Todd—the second Robin and Batman's ward—and the paralysis of one of Batman's allies, Barbara Gordon. The Joker has had various possible origin stories during his decades of appearances. The most common story involves him falling into a tank of chemical waste that bleaches his skin white and turns his hair green and lips bright red; the resulting disfigurement drives him insane. The antithesis of Batman in personality and appearance, the Joker is considered by critics to be his perfect adversary. The Joker possesses no

This is a document about Joker (character)
  The Joker is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The Joker was created by Bill Finger, Bob Kane, and Jerry Robinson, and first appeared in the debut issue of the comic book Batman on April 25, 1940. Credit for the Joker's creation is disputed; Kane and Robinson claimed responsibility for the Joker's design while acknowledging Finger's writing contribution. Although the Joker was planned to be killed off during his initial appearance, he was spared by editorial intervention, allowing the character to endure as the archenemy of the superhero Batman. In his comic book appearances, the Joker is portrayed as a criminal mastermind. Introduced as a psychopath with a warped, sadistic sense of humor, the character became a goofy prankster

This is a document about Joker (character)
  police protect Claridge, the Joker had poisoned him before making his announcement and Claridge dies with a ghastly grin on his face; Batman eventually defeats him, sending him to prison. The Joker commits whimsical, brutal crimes for reasons that, in Batman's words, "make sense to him alone". Detective Comics #168 (1951) introduced the Joker's first origin story as Red Hood: a criminal who, during his final heist, vanishes after leaping into a vat of chemicals to escape Batman. His resulting disfigurement led him to adopt the name "Joker", from the playing card figure he came to resemble. The Joker's Silver Age transformation into

This is a document about Joker (character)
  Bill Finger, Bob Kane, and Jerry Robinson are credited with creating the Joker, but their accounts of the character's conception differ, each providing his own version of events. Finger's, Kane's, and Robinson's versions acknowledge that Finger produced an image of actor Conrad Veidt in character as Gwynplaine (a man with a disfigured face, giving him a perpetual grin) in the 1928 film The Man Who Laughs as an inspiration for the Joker's appearance, and Robinson produced a sketch of a joker playing card. Robinson claimed that it was his 1940 card sketch that served as the character's concept, and that Finger associated with Veidt's portrayal. Kane hired the 17-year-old Robinson as

This is a document about Batman: The Animated Series
  heavily patterned after the success and influential tone of Tim Burton's film. However, when The New Batman Adventures began, during the era of Joel Schumacher's films, Joker's origin was retained but his identity was retconned as being merely one of many aliases as seen in the episode "Beware the Creeper", meaning his true identity is still unknown. This reflected the efforts of the writers to put the character back in line with his conflicting multiple origins from the comics. In Mask of the Phantasm, the man who would become the Joker started out as a chauffeur and hitman for mobsters Salvatore Valestra, Buzz Bronski and Chuckie Sol. On two separate occasions, he saw Bruce Wayne and the two exchanged

This is a document about Red Hood
  The Red Hood first appeared in Detective Comics #168 (February 1951), in the story "The Man Behind The Red Hood!". In this original continuity, he became the future Joker; a flashback reveals that a criminal, who at that time called himself the Red Hood after the (seemingly) eyeless red dome-shaped hood worn by him, attempted to rob a playing card factory. While chased, he fell into a catch basin full of chemicals, which disfigured him, then escaped by swimming to safety (a breathing apparatus inside the hood preventing him from drowning). Driven insane by his change of appearance, he recreates himself as the Joker. A decade later, the Joker resumes the guise,

This is a document about Joker (character)
  his heist is thwarted by Batman, emerging with bleached white skin, red lips, green hair and a permanent grin. This story was the basis for the most often-cited origin tale, Moore's one-shot The Killing Joke. The Joker quits his job as a lab assistant, becoming a stand-up comedian to support his pregnant wife. Unsuccessful, he agrees to help mobsters with a robbery and becomes the Red Hood. The heist goes awry; the comedian leaps into a chemical vat to escape Batman, surfacing disfigured. This, combined with the earlier accidental death of his wife and unborn child, drives the comedian insane and he becomes the Joker. This version has

This is a document about Red Hood
  another criminal attempts to adopt the identity, too. In Batman: The Killing Joke, writer Alan Moore added the new detail that the future Joker, at that time a cash-strapped, unsuccessful comedian, had been made to adopt the Red Hood guise by a gang of criminals so that he could play the patsy for them. This story presented a darker version of the origin and introduced the idea that the Joker acted as an unreliable narrator concerning his own past. A retcon appears between the Batman #450–451 story line The Return of the Joker and the one-shot graphic novel Batman: The Man Who Laughs. In The Return of the Joker, the Joker

This is a document about Joker (character)
  Renowned as Batman's greatest enemy,   the Joker is known by a number of nicknames, including the Clown Prince of Crime, the Harlequin of Hate, the Ace of Knaves, and the Jester of Genocide. During the evolution of the DC Universe, interpretations and versions of the Joker have taken two main forms. The original, dominant image is that of an extreme psychopath, with genius-level intelligence and a warped, sadistic sense of humor. The other version, popular in comic books from the late 1940s to the 1960s and in the 1960s television series, is an eccentric, harmless prankster and thief. Like other long-lived characters, the Joker's character and cultural interpretations have changed with time; however, unlike other characters who may need to reconcile or ignore previous versions to make sense, more than any other

This is a document about Joker (character)
  The Joker debuted in Batman #1 (April 1940) as the eponymous character's first villain, about a year after Batman's debut in Detective Comics #27 (May 1939). The Joker initially appeared as a remorseless serial killer and jewel thief, modeled after a joker playing card with a mirthless grin, who killed his victims with "Joker venom," a toxin that left their faces smiling grotesquely. The character was intended to be killed in his second appearance in Batman #1, after being stabbed in the heart. Finger wanted the Joker to die because of his concern that recurring villains would make Batman appear inept, but was overruled by then-editor Whitney Ellsworth; a hastily drawn panel, indicating that the Joker was still alive, was added to the comic. The Joker

This is a document about Characters of the DC Extended Universe
  The Joker (portrayed by Jared Leto) is the archenemy of Batman, the ex-boyfriend of Harley Quinn, and a ruthless crime lord in Gotham City. Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice alludes to Joker murdering Batman's protégé Dick Grayson prior to the events of the movie. Joker first meets Harley, then a budding psychiatrist named Dr. Harleen Quinzel, while imprisoned during a flashback seen in Suicide Squad. She falls madly in love with him and goes great lengths to be with him after he escapes prison, and the two begin to terrorize Gotham City as its most notorious criminals. After Harley

This is a document about Carmine Falcone
  offering to parlay with them in a meeting at their restaurant, only to have gunmen shoot up the building. The few survivors fled to Bludhaven, leaving the Falcones in charge of Gotham's underworld. One of Hugo Strange's interview tapes reveals that the Falcone family gave the man who would become the Joker the Red Hood costume he wore during his fateful first encounter with Batman. Another tape reveals that Harvey Dent, during his time as District Attorney, prosecuted a Falcone family soldier who scarred him with acid, turning him into Two-Face. A boat can be found while searching Amusement Mile,

This is a document about Joker (character)
  previous selves to consciously create a new personality, effectively modifying himself for his needs. The Killing Joke (in which the Joker is the unreliable narrator) explains the roots of his insanity as "one bad day": losing his wife and unborn child and being disfigured by chemicals, paralleling Batman's origin in the loss of his parents. He tries (and fails) to prove that anyone can become like him after one bad day by torturing Commissioner Gordon, physically and psychologically. Batman offers to rehabilitate his foe; the Joker apologetically declines, believing it too late for him to be saved. Other interpretations show that the Joker is fully aware of

This is a document about Batman: The Killing Joke
  Critic Mark Vogler wrote that The Killing Joke provided the Joker "with a sympathetic back story as it presented some of the villain's most vile offenses". Moore's rendition of the Joker's origin employs elements of the 1951 story "The Man Behind the Red Hood" (Detective Comics #168), which established the concept of the Joker originally having been a thief known only as the Red Hood. The tragic and human elements of the character's story, coupled with his barbaric crimes as the Joker, portray the character as more of a three-dimensional human being. During an interview with Salon, Moore explained that the Joker's psychotic nature could have been caused by a "bad decision" in his life. Much of the Joker's backstory from The Killing Joke is also referred to in 2004's "Pushback" (Batman: Gotham Knights #50-55; reprinted with #66 as Batman: Hush Returns), in which the events are observed and reported by the Riddler, who recounts that the pregnant wife of the pre-accident Joker, who is called "Jack" prior to his accident, was kidnapped and murdered by the criminals in order to force his compliance.

This is a document about The Dark Knight (film)
  Nolan, suggested the Joker's first two appearances, published in the first issue of Batman (1940), as the crucial influences. Christopher had Jonathan watch Fritz Lang's 1933 crime film The Testament of Dr. Mabuse prior to writing the Joker, with the Joker resembling Mabuse's characteristics. Christopher Nolan referred to Lang's film as "essential research for anyone attempting to write a supervillain". Jerry Robinson, one of the Joker's co-creators, was consulted on the character's portrayal. Nolan decided to avoid divulging an in-depth origin story for the Joker, and instead portray his rise to power so as to not diminish the threat he poses, explaining to MTV

This is a document about Jerome and Jeremiah Valeska
  With potential copyright restrictions in mind, the showrunners figured that there may have been characters that existed before the Joker that would have informed his eventual identity. Heller explained that, through the series' run, "people will see how a kind of cultural mien is created... There's a tradition in forebears and ancestors of those characters that went into creating them." He felt that the Joker would not be someone who invented himself out of nothing, and that his origin should be more interesting than an ordinary man falling into a vat of chemicals (a recurring explanation in the comics). Instead, they decided on unraveling a secret history and philosophical ancestry, which Heller likens

This is a document about Joe Chill
 In the original script for 1989's Batman, crime boss Rupert Thorne hires Joe Chill to murder Thomas Wayne due to the latter running against Thorne for city council. In the final version of the film, however, Jack Napier (who would later become the Joker) is Thomas and Martha's killer. According to producer Michael Uslan, Chill is one of Napier's minions who accompanied him in mugging the Waynes and was credited as "Other Mugger" (portrayed by Clyde Gatell). After Napier shoots Thomas and Martha Wayne from his position, he almost shoots Bruce only for Chill to advise him to flee the area before the police shows up. Chill's

This is a document about Justice League: The Flashpoint Paradox
  to fly an alien spacecraft to bomb the Atlanteans. Barry visits Wayne Manor, but is attacked by Batman—who he realizes is not Bruce Wayne but his father Thomas; suspicious of Barry's statements, Batman breaks one of his fingers. Barry eventually convinces Batman that he is in an alternate reality, where Bruce was killed by Joe Chill; which caused Thomas to become Batman, and Martha Wayne, driven mad by Bruce's death, to become the Joker and attack Thomas' business: the world's largest casino. Attempting to explain things to the elder Wayne, Barry retrieves his costume from his ring, but Thawne's costume appears instead, causing Barry to believe he

This is a document about Bruce Wayne (1989 film series character)
  Wayne suits up as the vigilante, now known as Batman, and during the fight. Napier falls into chemical acid, seemingly killing him to Wayne, but instead, it transforms Napier into a clown face known as the Joker. On the 20th anniversary of his parents' murder, Wayne leaves lunch with Vale, and witnesses a mob hit by the alive Napier, who has become the Joker. Wayne discovers that Napier had poisoned various consumer products with his laughing toxin and, after further investigation, Wayne is informed by his butler, Alfred Pennyworth, that he has a date with Vale at the Flugelheim Museum but Wayne states he has no plans to meet Vale that day, discovering that the meeting was set up by Napier to gain information

The Joker was originally a criminal named Red Hood before he fell into a vat of bleach and disfigured chemicals, leading him to adopt the name Joker and the appearance of green skin, white hair, and a purple suit.