Question: who is the actress who plays donna on suits

Answer: Sarah Gray Rafferty

This is a document about Sarah Rafferty
  Sarah Gray Rafferty (born December 6, 1972) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Donna Paulsen on the USA Network legal drama Suits.

This is a document about Suits (American TV series)
  Suits is an American legal drama television series created and written by Aaron Korsh. The series premiered on USA Network on June 23, 2011, and is produced by Universal Cable Productions. The series concluded on September 25, 2019. Suits is set at a fictional New York City law firm and follows talented college dropout Mike Ross (Patrick J. Adams), who starts working as a law associate for Harvey Specter (Gabriel Macht) despite never having attended Harvard Law School. The show focuses on Harvey and Mike closing cases, while maintaining Mike's secret. The show also features the characters Louis Litt (Rick Hoffman), Rachel Zane (Meghan Markle), Donna Paulsen (Sarah Rafferty), and Jessica Pearson (Gina Torres). On January 30, 2018, the series was renewed for an eighth season without Adams and Markle, and Katherine Heigl joined the cast as Samantha

This is a document about Leslie Hope
  Leslie Ann Hope (born May 6, 1965) is a Canadian actress and director, best known for her role as Teri Bauer on the Fox television series 24 and prosecutor Anita Gibbs on Suits.

This is a document about Suits (season 8)
  On May 25, 2018, Entertainment Weekly released an interview with Katherine Heigl in which she described her character Samantha Wheeler as a "fierce and enigmatic lawyer who muscles her way into [the] central law firm, Zane Specter Litt." She also teased an antagonistic relationship between Samantha and the main protagonist Harvey Specter and an "uneasy dynamic" with Donna. The article included several exclusive first-look images from the season premiere and Heigl's character. Series creator Aaron Korsh confirmed that Patrick J. Adams won't be returning for any guest appearances in the first ten episodes of the season. However, he did state that he and Adams had discussed it and are both open to the possibility somewhere in the future. At the same time, he confirmed that Gina Torres won't guest star on the eighth season nor will there be crossover episodes in order to establish the world from the Chicago-based spin-off series Pearson as separate from Suits itself.

This is a document about Suits (season 7)
  The seventh season of the American legal drama Suits was ordered on August 3, 2016, and started airing on USA Network in the United States July 12, 2017. The season has five series regulars playing employees at the fictional Pearson Specter Litt law firm in Manhattan: Gabriel Macht, Patrick J. Adams, Rick Hoffman, Meghan Markle, and Sarah Rafferty. Gina Torres is credited as the sixth regular only for the episodes that she appears in, following her departure last season. The season featured the 100th episode of the series, which was directed by Patrick J. Adams and aired August 30, 2017. To celebrate the series' milestone,

This is a document about Suits (season 5)
  The fifth season of the American legal comedy-drama Suits was ordered on August 11, 2014. The fifth season originally aired on USA Network in the United States between June 24, 2015 and March 2, 2016. The season was produced by Hypnotic Films & Television and Universal Cable Productions, and the executive producers were Doug Liman, David Bartis and series creator Aaron Korsh. The season had six series regulars playing employees at the fictional Pearson Specter Litt law firm in Manhattan: Gabriel Macht, Patrick J. Adams, Rick Hoffman, Meghan Markle, Sarah Rafferty, and Gina Torres

This is a document about Paralegal
  con-artist played by Eddie Izzard, impersonates a lawyer at a cutthroat real estate development company. Rich's apparent lack of legal knowledge is often compensated by Aubrey McDonald, a highly skilled paralegal who manages to help guide the under-educated anti-hero through more than a few sticky situations. USA Network's "Suits" features a young paralegal named Rachel, played by Meghan Markle, who greatly assists a young aspiring lawyer with various research and otherwise. She is a highly respected member of the firm and is considered to be of help to many of her co-workers. Rachel's desire one day to become a lawyer is one of the major stories of the series. As paralegal, she

This is a document about Suits (American TV series)
  the lead role of Mike Ross in July 2010. In late July, Gabriel Macht joined the main cast as Harvey Specter. Rick Hoffman came on board in mid-August to portray Harvey's competition, Louis, at the law firm. Meghan Markle and Gina Torres soon joined the cast in late August, who were set to play Rachel Zane and Jessica Pearson respectively. Sarah Rafferty completed the main cast as Donna, and the pilot was filmed in New York City in the fall of 2010. The series was soon commissioned with a 12-episode order on January 19, 2011. The series began filming in Toronto on April 25, 2011, and completed on August 12, 2011, in

This is a document about Mamma Mia! (film)
 Meryl Streep as Donna Sheridan-Carmichael, Sophie's mother, owner of the hotel Villa Donna. ; Amanda Seyfried as Sophie Sheridan, Donna's 20-year-old daughter, Sky's fiancée. ; Christine Baranski as Tanya Chesham-Leigh, one of Donna's former bandmates in Donna and the Dynamos; a rich three-time divorcee. ; Julie Walters as Rosie Mulligan, Donna's other former bandmate; an unmarried fun-loving author. ; Pierce Brosnan as Sam Carmichael, Sophie's possible father and an American architect. ; Colin Firth as Harry Bright, Sophie's possible father and a British banker. ; Stellan Skarsgård as Bill Anderson, Sophie's possible father, a Swedish sailor and travel writer. ; Dominic Cooper as Sky Ramand, Sophie's fiancé who is designing a website for

This is a document about Suits (season 6)
  The sixth season of the American legal drama Suits was ordered on July 1, 2015, and began airing on USA Network in the United States July 13, 2016. The season is produced by Hypnotic Films & Television and Universal Cable Productions, and the executive producers are Doug Liman, David Bartis, and series creator Aaron Korsh. The season has six series regulars playing employees at the fictional Pearson Specter Litt law firm in Manhattan: Gabriel Macht, Patrick J. Adams, Rick Hoffman, Meghan Markle, Sarah Rafferty, and Gina Torres. Gina Torres left the show following the summer season due to her contract being up, and she starred in ABC's The Catch. She returned for the season finale and was still credited as main cast for the episode. She further went on to star in the Suits spinoff, Pearson.

This is a document about Meghan, Duchess of Sussex
  Meghan, Duchess of Sussex (born Rachel Meghan Markle; August 4, 1981), is an American member of the British royal family and a former actress. Markle was born and raised in Los Angeles, California. Her acting career began while at Northwestern University. She attributed early career difficulties to her biracial heredity. Her last and most significant on-screen role was that of Rachel Zane for seven seasons (2011–2018) in the American TV legal drama Suits. She also developed a social media presence. This included The Tig (2014–2017) lifestyle blog which garnered recognition for her fashion sense and led to the creation and release of two clothing lines in 2015–2016. During The Tig period,

This is a document about Halt and Catch Fire (TV series)
  • Annette O'Toole as Susan Emerson (seasons 1–2), Donna's mother • Mike Pniewski as Barry Shields (seasons 1–2), Cardiff Electric's lawyer • Scott Michael Foster as Hunt Whitmarsh (season 1), Donna's manager at Texas Instruments • John Getz as Joe MacMillan, Sr. (season 1), Joe's father who works for IBM • Bianca Malinowski as Debbie (season 1), Bosworth's secretary at Cardiff Electric • Mark O'Brien as Tom Rendon (seasons 2–4), a programmer for Mutiny and Cameron's boyfriend • James Cromwell as Jacob Wheeler (season 2), Sara's father and the CEO of Westgroup • Gabriel Manak as Arki (seasons 2–3), a programmer for Mutiny • Nick Pupo as Carl (seasons

This is a document about Blonde versus brunette rivalry
  (the) ... brunette, is haughty, and a bit more exotic." Shows cited by Cummings that feature blondes and brunettes competing for a man include: The Office (where blonde-haired Pam Beesly (played by Jenna Fischer) competes with brunette Karen Filipelli (played by Rashida Jones) for the attention of Jim Halpert), Suits (where blonde Jenny Griffith (played by Vanessa Ray) competes with brunette Rachel Zane (played by Meghan Markle) for the attention of Mike Ross (played by Patrick J. Adams)), and Dexter (where blonde Rita Bennett (played by Julie Benz) and brunette Lila West (played by Jaime Murray) fight for the affections of Dexter Morgan, the titular character played by Michael C. Hall).

This is a document about List of Suits characters
   Suits is an American legal drama, created by Aaron Korsh. It premiered on USA Network in June 2011. The series revolves around Harvey Specter (Gabriel Macht), a senior partner at a top law firm in Manhattan, and his recently hired associate attorney Mike Ross (Patrick J. Adams) as they hide the fact that Mike does not have a law degree. Each episode focuses on a single legal case and its challenges while examining the work environment of the firm, Mike's and Harvey's personal relationships, and problems stemming from Mike's lack of a degree. The rest of the starring cast portray other employees at the firm: Louis Litt (Rick Hoffman), a partner who manages the associates; Rachel Zane (Meghan Markle), a paralegal who develops feelings for Mike; Donna Paulsen (Sarah Rafferty), Harvey's long-time legal secretary, close friend, and confidant; and Jessica Pearson (Gina Torres), the co-founder and managing partner of the firm.

This is a document about List of Suits characters
  Donna Roberta Paulsen (Sarah Rafferty) is Harvey Specter's legal secretary, close friend, and confidant. She has worked with him since his first year as an Assistant District Attorney, and she left the DA's office with him to work with him at Pearson Hardman. She listens in on all the conversations in his office, partially because he never turns the intercom off. She knows the private details of his personal life and relationships. She is also an integral part of Harvey's pre-trial ritual. She was promoted to the post of Chief Operating Officer of the firm in season 7. Donna, like Harvey, is brashly

This is a document about Suits (season 1)
 Rebecca Schull as Edith Ross ; Ben Hollingsworth as Kyle Durant  Six actors received star billing in the show's first season. Each character works at the fictional Pearson Hardman law firm in Manhattan. Gabriel Macht plays corporate lawyer Harvey Specter, who is promoted to senior partner and is forced to hire an associate attorney. Patrick J. Adams plays college dropout Mike Ross, who wins the associate position with his eidetic memory and genuine desire to be a good lawyer. Rick Hoffman plays Louis Litt, Harvey's jealous rival and the direct supervisor of the firm's first-year associates. Meghan Markle plays Rachel Zane, a paralegal who aspires to be an attorney but her test anxiety prevents her from attending Harvard Law School. Sarah Rafferty plays Donna Paulsen, Harvey's long-time legal secretary, confidant, and the only one at the firm

This is a document about Frankie Ingrassia
  "Klokblocked", 2008) .... Rachel ; Cold Case (1 episode, "The Dealer", 2008) .... Donna D'Amico '81 ; The Mentalist (1 episode, "Red Sauce", 2009) .... Gina ; Against the Wall (1 episode, 2011) .... Vicki ; The Greening of Whitney Brown (2011) .... Interior Designer ; The Rum Diary (2011) .... Party girl (uncredited) ; Metalocalypse (4 episodes, 2008-2012) ; Grey's Anatomy (1 episode 2013) .... Tyler's Mom ; Bones (1 episode, 2015) .... Hilary ; Goliath (5 episodes, 2016-2019) .... Frankie ; Colony (1 episode, 2017) .... Mother ; The Jellies (5 episodes, 2017-2019) ; For the People (2019, 1 episode) .... Karen ; One Moment (2019) Fran

This is a document about List of awards and nominations received by Margot Robbie
  Margot Robbie is an Australian actress and producer. After playing minor roles in several films and television shows, Robbie starred in her first major role as Donna Freedman on the soap opera Neighbours (2008–2011), which she received a nomination for the Logie Award for Most Popular New Female Talent and Most Popular Actress. For her breakout role in Martin Scorsese's biographical black comedy film The Wolf of Wall Street (2013), she received an Empire Award for Best Female Newcomer. Since 2016, Robbie has received several awards and nominations, including one Critics' Choice Movie Award and one People's Choice Award for portraying the DC Extended Universe (DCEU) character Harley Quinn. She co-produced and played figure skater Tonya Harding in I, Tonya (2017), a role that garnered her a nomination for Academy Award, BAFTA Award, and Golden Globe Award for Best Actress. The following year,

This is a document about Suits (American TV series)
  Recurring characters Alex Williams (Dulé Hill) and Katrina Bennett (Amanda Schull) were promoted to series regulars. The show was renewed for a 10-episode ninth and final season on January 23, 2019, which premiered on July 17, 2019. Throughout its run, Suits was nominated for several awards, with Torres and Adams receiving individual praise. Besides two nominations recognizing her role as a supporting actress, Torres was awarded Outstanding Performance in a Television Series at the 2013 NHMC Impact Awards. Adams was nominated for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series at the 2012 Screen Actors Guild Awards. The show itself was nominated for two People's Choice Awards. The show's success spawned a short-lived spin-off, Pearson, centered on Jessica Pearson's entry into Chicago politics, which premiered alongside the final season of Suits on July 17, 2019.

This is a document about Christina Hendricks
  Christina Renée Hendricks (born May 3, 1975) is an American actress and former model. With an extensive career on screen and stage, she has received various accolades, including six Primetime Emmy Award nominations, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, and two Critics' Choice Awards for Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series. She is probably best known for her role in the TV drama series Mad Men. In 2010, a poll of female readers taken by Esquire magazine named her "the sexiest woman in the world". She was also voted "Best Looking Woman in America". Born to an American mother and English father in Knoxville, Tennessee, Hendricks was raised in Portland, Oregon, and Twin Falls, Idaho, where she became active in local


Question: the purpose of cellular respiration is to enable cells to create and use what

Answer: biochemical energy

This is a document about Cellular respiration
  Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert chemical energy from oxygen molecules or nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products. The reactions involved in respiration are catabolic reactions, which break large molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy because weak high-energy bonds, in particular in molecular oxygen, are replaced by stronger bonds in the products. Respiration is one of the key ways a cell releases chemical energy to fuel cellular activity. The overall reaction occurs in a series of biochemical steps, some of which are redox reactions. Although cellular respiration is technically a combustion reaction, it clearly does

This is a document about Biology
  Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert chemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products. The reactions involved in respiration are catabolic reactions, which break large molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy because weak high-energy bonds, in particular in molecular oxygen, are replaced by stronger bonds in the products. Respiration is one of the key ways a cell releases chemical energy to fuel cellular activity. The overall reaction occurs in a series of biochemical steps, some of which are redox reactions. Although cellular respiration is technically a combustion reaction, it clearly does not resemble one when it occurs in a

This is a document about Ecosystem respiration
   Cellular respiration is the overall relationship between autotrophs and heterotrophs. Autotrophs are organisms that produce their own food through the process of photosynthesis, whereas heterotrophs are organisms that cannot prepare their own food and depend on autotrophs for nutrition. These two categories of living things work in coordination between photosynthesis and respiration as they both produce products that the other process utilizes. Cellular respiration happens when a cell takes glucose and oxygen and uses it to produce carbon dioxide, energy, and water. This transaction is important not only for the benefit of the cells, but for the carbon dioxide output provided, which is key in the process of photosynthesis. Without respiration, actions necessary to life, such as metabolic processes and photosynthesis, would cease. Ecosystem respiration is typically measured in the natural

This is a document about Cellular waste product
  When in the presence of oxygen, cells use aerobic respiration to obtain energy from glucose molecules. Simplified Theoretical Reaction: C6H12O6 (aq) + 6O2 (g) → 6CO2 (g) + 6H2O(l) + ~ 30ATP Cells undergoing aerobic respiration produce 6 molecules of carbon dioxide, 6 molecules of water, and up to 30 molecules of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is directly used to produce energy, from each molecule of glucose in the presence of surplus oxygen. In aerobic respiration, oxygen serves as the recipient of electrons from the electron transport chain. Aerobic respiration is thus very efficient because oxygen is a strong oxidant. Aerobic respiration proceeds in a series of steps, which also increases efficiency - since glucose

This is a document about Respiration (physiology)
  In physiology, respiration is the movement of oxygen from the outside environment to the cells within tissues, and the removal of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction. The physiological definition of respiration differs from the biochemical definition, which refers to a metabolic process by which an organism obtains energy (in the form of ATP and NADPH) by oxidizing nutrients and releasing waste products. Although physiologic respiration is necessary to sustain cellular respiration and thus life in animals, the processes are distinct: cellular respiration takes place in individual cells of the organism, while physiologic respiration concerns the diffusion and transport of metabolites between the

This is a document about Biology
  the movement of ions (e.g., hydrogen, sodium, potassium) across a membrane. Metabolism is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms. The three main purposes of metabolism are: the conversion of food to energy to run cellular processes; the conversion of food/fuel to building blocks for proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and some carbohydrates; and the elimination of metabolic wastes. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. Metabolic reactions may be categorized as catabolic – the breaking down of compounds (for example, the breaking down of glucose to pyruvate by cellular respiration); or anabolic – the building up (synthesis) of compounds (such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids). Usually, catabolism releases energy, and anabolism

This is a document about Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
  Aerobic respiration is the process of converting energy in the form of glucose into ATP, the primary currency of energy used by cells to fuel biochemical processes and support growth. The first phase of respiration is glycolysis, a series of ten biochemical reactions in the cytoplasm that convert glucose into pyruvate. Pyruvate is then transported into mitochondria, where it is converted by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex into acetyl-CoA, the starting substrate of the Krebs cycle. When PDC activity is reduced or abolished by mutation, pyruvate levels rise. Excess pyruvate is then converted into lactic acid by lactate dehydrogenase. Lactic acid enters the blood stream, causing acidification in a condition known as lactic acidosis. The most commonly seen form of PDCD is caused by mutations in the X-linked E1

This is a document about Metabolism
   Metabolism (, from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms. The three main purposes of metabolism are: the conversion of the energy in food to energy available to run cellular processes; the conversion of food to building blocks for proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and some carbohydrates; and the elimination of metabolic wastes. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transportation of substances into and between different cells, in which case the above described set of reactions within

This is a document about Cell biology
  Cell metabolism is necessary for the production of energy for the cell and therefore its survival and includes many pathways. For cellular respiration, once glucose is available, glycolysis occurs within the cytosol of the cell to produce pyruvate. Pyruvate undergoes decarboxylation using the multi-enzyme complex to form acetyl coA which can readily be used in the TCA cycle to produce NADH and FADH2. These products are involved in the electron transport chain to ultimately form a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This gradient can then drive the production of ATP and H2O during oxidative phosphorylation. Metabolism in plant cells includes photosynthesis which is simply the exact opposite of respiration as it ultimately produces molecules of glucose.

This is a document about Nucleoside triphosphate
  ATP is the primary energy currency of the cell. Despite being synthesized through the metabolic pathway described above, it is primarily synthesized during both cellular respiration and photosynthesis by ATP synthase. ATP synthase couples the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate with an electrochemical gradient generated by the pumping of protons through either the inner mitochondrial membrane (cellular respiration) or the thylakoid membrane (photosynthesis). This electrochemical gradient is necessary because the formation of ATP is energetically unfavourable. The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi proceeds as follows:  This reaction is energetically favourable and releases 30.5 kJ/mol of energy. In the cell, this reaction is often coupled with unfavourable reactions to provide the energy for them to proceed. GTP is occasionally used for energy-coupling in a similar manner.

This is a document about Cellular respiration
  resemble one when it occurs in a living cell because of the slow, controlled release of energy from the series of reactions. Nutrients that are commonly used by animal and plant cells in respiration include sugar, amino acids and fatty acids, and the most common oxidizing agent providing most of the chemical energy is molecular oxygen (O2). The chemical energy stored in ATP (the bond of its third phosphate group to the rest of the molecule can be broken allowing more stable products to form, thereby releasing energy for use by the cell) can then be used to drive processes requiring energy, including biosynthesis, locomotion or transport of molecules across cell membranes.

This is a document about Cellular waste product
  Cellular waste products are formed as a by-product of cellular respiration, a series of processes and reactions that generate energy for the cell, in the form of ATP. One example of cellular respiration creating cellular waste products are aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration. Each pathway generates different waste products.

This is a document about Dioxygen in biological reactions
 + 6 → 6 + 6 + 2880 kJ/mol Molecular oxygen, O2, is essential for cellular respiration in all aerobic organisms, providing most of the chemical energy released. Oxygen is used as an electron acceptor in mitochondria to generate chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during oxidative phosphorylation. The reaction for the aerobic respiration is essentially the reverse of photosynthesis, except that now there is a large release of the chemical energy of O2, which is stored in ATP molecules (up to 38 ATP molecules are formed from one molecule of glucose). The simplified version of this reaction is:

This is a document about Maintenance respiration
  Maintenance respiration in plants refers to the amount of cellular respiration, measured by the carbon dioxide (CO2) released or oxygen (O2) consumed, during the generation of usable energy (mainly ATP, NADPH, and NADH) and metabolic intermediates used for (i) resynthesis of compounds that undergo renewal (turnover) in the normal process of metabolism (examples are enzymatic proteins, ribonucleic acids, and membrane lipids); (ii) maintenance of chemical gradients of ions and metabolites across cellular membranes that are necessary for cellular integrity and plant health; and (iii) operation of metabolic processes involved in physiological adjustment (i.e., acclimation) to a change in the plant's environment. The metabolic costs of the repair of injury from biotic

This is a document about Biology
  because of the slow, controlled release of energy from the series of reactions. Sugar in the form of glucose is the main nutrient used by animal and plant cells in respiration. Cellular respiration involving oxygen is called aerobic respiration, which has four stages: glycolysis, citric acid cycle (or Krebs cycle), electron transport chain, and oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis is a metabolic process that occurs in the cytoplasm whereby glucose is converted into two pyruvates, with two net molecules of ATP being produced at the same time. Each pyruvate is then oxidized into acetyl-CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which also generates NADH and carbon dioxide. Acetyl-Coa enters the citric acid cycle, which takes places inside the mitochondrial matrix. At

This is a document about Biology
  All cells require energy to sustain cellular processes. Energy is the capacity to do work, which, in thermodynamics, can be calculated using Gibbs free energy. According to the first law of thermodynamics, energy is conserved, i.e., cannot be created or destroyed. Hence, chemical reactions in a cell do not create new energy but are involved instead in the transformation and transfer of energy. Nevertheless, all energy transfers lead to some loss of usable energy, which increases entropy (or state of disorder) as stated by the second law of thermodynamics. As a result, an organism requires continuous input of energy to maintain a low state of entropy. In cells, energy can be transferred as electrons during redox (reduction–oxidation) reactions, stored in covalent bonds, and generated

This is a document about Cellular respiration
  Cellular respiration is the process by which biological fuels are oxidised in the presence of a high-energy inorganic electron acceptor (such as oxygen ) to produce large amounts of energy, to drive the bulk production of ATP. Anaerobic respiration is used by some microorganisms in which neither oxygen (aerobic respiration) nor pyruvate derivatives (fermentation) is the high-energy final electron acceptor. Rather, an inorganic acceptor such as sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3–), or sulfur (S) is used. Such organisms are typically found in unusual places such as underwater caves or near hydrothermal vents at the bottom of the ocean. In July 2019, a scientific study of Kidd Mine in Canada discovered sulfur-breathing organisms which live 7900 feet below the surface, and which breathe sulfur in order to survive. These organisms are also remarkable due to consuming minerals such as pyrite as their food source.

This is a document about Cellular waste product
  Fermentation is another process by which cells can extract energy from glucose. It is not a form of cellular respiration, but it does generate ATP, break down glucose, and produce waste products. Fermentation, like aerobic respiration, begins by breaking glucose into two pyruvate molecules. From here, it proceeds using endogenous organic electron receptors, whereas cellular respiration uses exogenous receptors, such as oxygen in aerobic respiration and nitrate in anaerobic respiration. These varied organic receptors each generate different waste products. Common products are lactic acid, lactose, hydrogen, and ethanol. Carbon dioxide is also commonly produced. Fermentation occurs primarily in anaerobic conditions, although some organisms such as yeast use fermentation even when oxygen is plentiful.

This is a document about Cell (biology)
  In prokaryotes, DNA processing takes place in the cytoplasm. ; Mitochondria and chloroplasts: generate energy for the cell. Mitochondria are self-replicating organelles that occur in various numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells. Respiration occurs in the cell mitochondria, which generate the cell's energy by oxidative phosphorylation, using oxygen to release energy stored in cellular nutrients (typically pertaining to glucose) to generate ATP. Mitochondria multiply by binary fission, like prokaryotes. Chloroplasts can only be found in plants and algae, and they capture the sun's energy to make carbohydrates through photosynthesis. Endoplasmic reticulum: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a transport network for molecules targeted for certain modifications and specific destinations, as compared to molecules that float freely in the cytoplasm. The

This is a document about Proton pump
  and action potential formation. In cell respiration, the proton pump uses energy to transport protons from the matrix of the mitochondrion to the inter-membrane space. It is an active pump that generates a proton concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane because there are more protons outside the matrix than inside. The difference in pH and electric charge (ignoring differences in buffer capacity) creates an electrochemical potential difference that works similar to that of a battery or energy storing unit for the cell. The process could also be seen as analogous to cycling uphill or charging a battery for later use, as it produces potential energy. The proton pump does not create energy, but forms a gradient that stores energy for later use.

The purpose of cellular respiration is to enable cells to create and use energy (ATP) by breaking down nutrient molecules (such as glucose) and releasing waste products (such as carbon dioxide and water). It is a set of metabolic reactions that convert nutrients into energy and waste products.


Question: crossword clue 19th century novelist who created barsetshire

Answer: Anthony Trollope

This is a document about Barsetshire
  Barsetshire is a fictional English county created by Anthony Trollope in the series of novels known as the Chronicles of Barsetshire. The county town and cathedral city is Barchester. Other towns in the novels include Silverbridge, Hogglestock and Greshamsbury.

This is a document about Anthony Trollope
  Anthony Trollope (24 April 1815 – 6 December 1882) was an English novelist and civil servant of the Victorian era. Among his best-known works is a series of novels collectively known as the Chronicles of Barsetshire, which revolves around the imaginary county of Barsetshire. He also wrote novels on political, social, and gender issues, and other topical matters. Trollope's literary reputation dipped somewhat during the last years of his life, but he had regained the esteem of critics by the mid-20th century.

This is a document about Chronicles of Barsetshire
  The Chronicles of Barsetshire is a series of six novels by English author Anthony Trollope, published between 1855 and 1867. They are set in the fictional English county of Barsetshire and its cathedral town of Barchester. The novels concern the dealings of the clergy and the gentry, and the political, amatory, and social manoeuvrings that go on among them. A series was not planned when Trollope began writing The Warden. Rather, after creating Barsetshire, he found himself returning to it as the setting for his following works. It wasn't until 1878, 11 years after The Last Chronicle of Barset, that these six novels were collectively published as the Chronicles of Barset. By many, this series is regarded as Trollope's finest work. Both modern and contemporary critics have praised the realism of the Barsetshire county and the intricacies of its characters. However, Trollope also received criticism, particularly for his plot development and the use of an intrusive narrative voice. The series has been adapted for television in The Barchester Chronicles (1982) and Doctor Thorne (2016), and as dramatised radio programmes produced by BBC Radio 4. Author Angella Thirkell continued writing novels set in Barsetshire throughout the twentieth century.

This is a document about Charles Dickens
  Charles John Huffam Dickens (7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English writer and social critic. He created some of the world's best-known fictional characters and is regarded by many as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era. His works enjoyed unprecedented popularity during his lifetime and, by the 20th century, critics and scholars had recognised him as a literary genius. His novels and short stories are widely read today. Born in Portsmouth, Dickens left school at the age of 12 to work in a blacking factory when his father was incarcerated in a debtors' prison. After three years he was returned to school, before he began his literary career as a journalist. Despite

This is a document about West Country English
 William Barnes' Dorset dialect poetry (1801–1886). ; Walter Hawken Tregellas (1831–1894), author of many stories written in the local dialect of the county of Cornwall and a number of other works. ; Anthony Trollope's (1815–1882) series of books Chronicles of Barsetshire (1855–1867) also use some in dialogue. ; The novels of Thomas Hardy (1840–1928) often use the dialect in dialogue, notably Tess of the D'Urbervilles (1891). ; Wiltshire Rhymes and Tales in the Wiltshire Dialect (1894) and other works by Edward Slow. ; The Gilbert and Sullivan operetta The Sorcerer is set in the fictional village of Ploverleigh in Somerset. Some dialogue and song lyrics, especially for

This is a document about English novel
  successful, prolific and respected English novelists of the Victorian era. Some of his best-loved works are set in the imaginary county of Barsetshire, including The Warden (1855) and Barchester Towers (1857). He also wrote perceptive novels on political, social, and gender issues, and on other topical matters, including The Way with Live Now (1875). Trollope's novels portrayed the lives of the landowning and professional classes of early Victorian England. George Eliot's (Mary Ann Evans (1819–80) first novel Adam Bede was published in 1859. Her works, especially Middlemarch 1871–72), are important examples of literary realism, and are admired for their combination of high Victorian literary detail

This is a document about Jane Austen
  Jane Austen (16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) was an English novelist known primarily for her six major novels, which interpret, critique and comment upon the British landed gentry at the end of the 18th century. Austen's plots often explore the dependence of women on marriage in the pursuit of favourable social standing and economic security. Her works critique the novels of sensibility of the second half of the 18th century and are part of the transition to 19th-century literary realism. Her use of biting irony, along with her realism, humour, and social commentary, have long earned her acclaim among critics, scholars, and popular audiences alike. With the publication of Sense and

This is a document about British literature
  a successful writer and North and South contrasts the lifestyle in the industrial north of England with the wealthier south. Anthony Trollope (1815–82) was one of the most successful, prolific and respected English novelists of the Victorian era. Some of his best-loved works are set in the imaginary west country county of Barsetshire, including The Warden (1855) and Barchester Towers (1857). Trollope's novels portray the lives of the landowning and professional classes of early Victorian England. George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans (1819–80) was a major novelist of the mid-Victorian period. Her works, especially Middlemarch 1871–2), are important examples of literary

This is a document about List of satirists and satires
  Beer Street and Gin Lane ; Nicholas Amhurst (1697–1742, England) ; David Raphael ben Abraham Polido ; Henry Fielding (1707–1754, England) ; Laurence Sterne (1713–1768, Ireland/England) – The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman ; James Beresford (1764–1840, England) – The Miseries of Human Life ; Ivan Krylov (1769–1844, Russia) ; Jane Austen (1775–1817, England) –  ; Thomas Love Peacock (1785–1866, England) – Nightmare Abbey, Crochet Castle ; Eaton Stannard Barrett (1786–1820, Ireland) – The Heroine ; Charles Etienne Boniface (1787–1853, France/South Africa) – De Nieuwe Ridderorde of De Temperantisten (in Dutch, The New Knighthood or the Temperance Societies) ; Giuseppe Gioachino Belli – (1791–1863, Italy)

This is a document about Literature of Birmingham
  The Victorian period also saw authors with a Birmingham background produce fiction in a far broader range of genres. Arthur Conan Doyle, the creator of the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes, started his career as a writer in Birmingham. His first story "The Mystery of Sasassa Valley" was written and published in 1879 while he was working as a medical assistant in Aston, as was his second "The American's Tale", whose success led his editor to advise him to give up medicine and pursue a full-time literary career. Birmingham appears in Conan Doyle's early stories as Birchespool, and several of Conan Doyle's later Sherlock Holmes stories, including "The Adventure of the Stockbroker's

This is a document about 1779 in literature
 January 18 – Peter Mark Roget, English lexicographer (died 1869) ; March 1 – Gottfried Weber, German writer on music (died 1839) ; March 3 – Matthäus Casimir von Collin, Austrian poet and dramatist (died 1824) ; March 10 – Frances Trollope (born Frances Milton), English novelist and writer (died 1863) ; March 30 – Antoine Ó Raifteiri, Irish Gaelic poet (died 1835) ; May 2 – John Galt, Scottish novelist and entrepreneur (died 1839) ; May 28 – Thomas Moore, Irish poet and songwriter (died 1852) ; August 1 – Francis Scott Key, American poet (died 1843) ; September 10 – Alexander Voeykov, Russian poet (died 1839) ; November 14 – Adam Oehlenschläger, Danish Romantic poet and dramatist (died 1850) ; December 22 – Thomas Gaisford, English classicist (died 1855) ; December 31 – Horace (Horatio) Smith, English poet and novelist (died 1849)

This is a document about Knutsford
 Sir Peter Leycester, 1st Baronet (1614 in Nether Tabley – 1678) an English antiquarian and historian ; Edward Penny RA (1714 in Knutsford – 1791) an English portrait and historical painter, one of the founder members of the Royal Academy ; James Neild (1744 in Knutsford – 1814) an English jeweller, prison reformer and philanthropist. ; John Leicester, 1st Baron de Tabley (1762 in Tabley House – 1827) an English landowner, politician, amateur artist and patron of the arts. ; Selina Davenport (1779–1859) an English novelist until 1834 when she ran a tiny shop in Knutsford ; Sir Henry Holland, 1st Baronet FRS (1788 in Knutsford – 1873) a British physician and travel writer

This is a document about Chronicles of Barsetshire
  series". Mary Poovey suggests that even before they were formally published as a series, reviewers understood their collective value. As The Examiner (1867) wrote; "the public should have these Barsetshire novels extant, not only as detached works, but duly bound, lettered, and bought as a connected series". Discussion has also surrounded the extent to which Trollope’s literary prowess is displayed throughout the Chronicles of Barsetshire. R.C. Terry argues that the series does "not reveal all of Trollope’s skills" while A. O. J. Cockshut similarly believes it is "simple in conception" and "not fully characteristic of his genius". However, in his response to Cockshut, Miguel Ángel Pérez Pérez argues that "Trollope disguises many of his own opinions" throughout the series, and therefore they "are not so simple in conception, since they allow for different readings".

This is a document about 1780 in literature
 March 10 – Frances Trollope, English novelist (died 1863) ; June 1 – Carl von Clausewitz, German soldier and military historian and theorist (died 1831) ; June 3 – William Hone, English satirist (died 1842) ; August 14 – George Croly, Irish poet, novelist and historian (died 1860) ; November 27 – William Cardell, American grammarian and writer of boys' stories (died 1828) ; December 20 – John Wilson Croker, Irish statesman and author (died 1857) ; December 26 – Mary Somerville, Scottish science writer and polymath (died 1872) ; probable ; Maria Elizabeth Budden, English novelist and writer of didactic children's books (died 1832) ; Anna Maria Porter, English poet and novelist (died 1832)

This is a document about List of English writers (R–Z)
  Adam Hall etc., 1920–1995), novelist • Rachel Trickett (1923–1999), novelist and scholar • Jonathan Trigell (born 1974), novelist • Sarah Trimmer (1741–1810), children's writer • Henry Baker Tristram (1822–1906), travel writer, naturalist and cleric • Anthony Trollope (1815–1882), novelist, Chronicles of Barsetshire • Frances Trollope (1780–1863), novelist and travel writer • Joanna Trollope (also as Caroline Harvey, b. 1943), novelist • Thomas Adolphus Trollope (1810–1892), travel writer and novelist • Thomas Trotter (1760–1832), physician and medical writer • Peter Trower (1930–2017), poet and novelist • Thomas Tryon (1634–1703), writer and vegetarian • Edwin Charles Tubb (several pen names, b. 1919), novelist • Abraham Tucker

This is a document about The Last Chronicle of Barset
  The Last Chronicle of Barset is a novel by English author Anthony Trollope, published in 1867. It is the sixth and final book in the Chronicles of Barsetshire series, preceded by The Small House at Allington. The novel is set in the county of Barsetshire and deploys characters from the earlier novels, whilst concentrating on the personnel associated with the cathedral. The main narrative thread is catalyzed by the loss of a cheque which had been in the possession of the Reverend Josiah Crawley, and the subsequent reactions of his friends and enemies. Trollope drew inspiration from his father and mother in the creation of the Rev. and Mrs. Crawley. In his autobiography, Trollope regards this novel as "the best novel I have written.", though later commentators do not agree with this judgement. The serialization was illustrated by G H Thomas who was selected by the publisher, though Trollope had wished for Millais who had illustrated The Small House.

This is a document about Authors (card game)
 Louisa May Alcott ; James Fenimore Cooper ; Charles Dickens ; Nathaniel Hawthorne ; Washington Irving ; Henry Wadsworth Longfellow ; Sir Walter Scott ; William Shakespeare ; Robert Louis Stevenson ; Alfred, Lord Tennyson ; Mark Twain The Game of Authors is one of the earliest versions of the family of Go Fish games, in which players call on each other to give up a named card. The play is based on a specialized deck of playing cards. The deck consists of eleven sets of four cards, each set representing the works of eleven famous British and American authors, mainly of the 19th Century. The object of the game is to form complete sets of the four cards comprising the works of a particular author. The winner is the player with the most sets. The game is the creation of Anne Abbott, a Beverly, Massachusetts clergyman's daughter and editor of a young people's literary journal. Abbott also designed the hugely popular mid-19th Century card game, Dr. Busby. Later decks included additional authors, but the authors represented in most decks are:

This is a document about Chronicles of Barsetshire
  also praised for the creation of Barsetshire, with critics like Arthur Pollard writing “He has created a recognisable world". Similarly, Nathaniel Hawthorne claimed it was "as if some giant had hewn a great lump out of the earth and put it under a glass case, with all its inhabitants going about their daily business". Contemporary reviewers like The Examiner (1858) also praised the realism of his fictitious world; "[Trollope] invites us, not to Barchester, but into Barsetshire". However, while inspired by real English counties, Barsetshire was, as P. D. Edwards writes, "explicitly his own creature" . Andrew Wright explains this union of the real and imaginary as being "conjured up out of an imagination that is at once fantastic and

This is a document about Charlotte Brontë
  Charlotte Brontë (, commonly ; 21 April 1816 – 31 March 1855) was an English novelist and poet, the eldest of the three Brontë sisters who survived into adulthood and whose novels became classics of English literature. She enlisted in school at Roe Head in January 1831, aged 14 years. She left the year after to teach her sisters, Emily and Anne, at home, returning in 1835 as a governess. In 1839, she undertook the role of governess for the Sidgwick family, but left after a few months to return to Haworth, where the sisters opened a school, but failed to attract

This is a document about Angela Thirkell
  Thirkell began writing early in her life in Australia, chiefly through the need for money. An article appeared in the Cornhill Magazine in November 1921 and was the first of many articles and short stories, including work for Australian radio. On her return to England in 1929, this career continued with journalism, stories for children, and then novels. Her success as a novelist began with her second novel, High Rising (1933). She set most of her novels in Anthony Trollope's Barsetshire, his fictional English county developed in the six novels known as the Chronicles of Barsetshire. An alert reader of contemporary fiction, Thirkell also borrowed freely from such now-arcane titles as


Question: how big is 1 acre in square feet

Answer: 43,560 square feet

This is a document about Acre
  One acre equals 1⁄640 (0.0015625) square mile, 4,840 square yards, 43,560 square feet, or about 4047 m2 (see below). While all modern variants of the acre contain 4,840 square yards, there are alternative definitions of a yard, so the exact size of an acre depends upon the particular yard on which it is based. Originally, an acre was understood as a selion of land sized at forty perches (660 ft, or 1 furlong) long and four perches (66 ft) wide; this may have also been understood as an approximation of the amount of land a yoke of oxen could plough in one day (a furlong being "a furrow long"). A square enclosing one acre is approximately 69.57 yards, or 208 feet 9 inches (208.71 ft), on a side. As a unit of measure, an acre has no prescribed shape; any area of 43,560 square feet is an acre.

This is a document about Acre
  square mile is equal to 640 acres) 1 international acre is equal to the following metric units: 1 United States survey acre is equal to: 1 acre (both variants) is equal to the following customary units: Perhaps the easiest way for US residents to envision an acre is as a rectangle measuring 88 yards by 55 yards (1⁄10 of 880 yards by 1⁄16 of 880 yards), about 9⁄10 the size of a standard American football field. To be more exact, one acre is 90.75% of a 100-yd-long by 53.33-yd-wide American football field (without the end zone). The full field, including the end zones, covers about 1.32 acres. For residents of other countries, the acre might be envisioned as rather more than half of a 1.76 acres football pitch. It may also be remembered as 1% short of 44,000 square feet.

This is a document about Acre-foot
  As the name suggests, an acre-foot is defined as the volume of one acre of surface area to a depth of one foot. Since an acre is defined as a chain by a furlong (i.e. 66 ×), an acre-foot is 43,560 cuft. There are two definitions of an acre-foot (differing by about 0.0006%), depending on whether the "foot" used is an "international foot" or a "U.S. survey foot".

This is a document about List of unusual units of measurement
  An acre-foot is a unit of volume commonly used in the United States in reference to large-scale water resources, such as reservoirs, aqueducts, canals, sewer flow capacity, irrigation water and river flows. It is defined by the volume of one acre of surface area to a depth of one foot. 43560 ft3.

This is a document about Acre (Cheshire)
  A Cheshire acre is a unit of area historically used in the County of Cheshire. One Cheshire acre amounts to 10,240 square yards, or 92,160 square feet whereas a standard acre amounts to 4,840 square yards or 43,560 square feet. Thus a Cheshire acre is about 2.12 times or, expressed as a vulgar fraction 256⁄121 times, larger than a standard acre. Whereas a one-acre area ten times as long as wide would have dimensions of 66 feet × 660 feet, the Cheshire acre of that shape would have dimensions of 96 feet × 960 feet.

This is a document about Acre
  The acre is a unit of land area used in the imperial and US customary systems. It is traditionally defined as the area of one chain by one furlong (66 by 660 feet), which is exactly equal to 10 square chains, 1⁄640 of a square mile, 4,840 square yards, or 43,560 square feet, and approximately 4,047 m2, or about 40% of a hectare. Based upon the International yard and pound agreement of 1959, an acre may be declared as exactly square metres. The acre was sometimes abbreviated ac, but was often spelled out as the word "acre". Traditionally, in the Middle Ages, an acre was conceived of as the area of land that could be ploughed by one man using a team of oxen in

This is a document about Acre-foot
  The acre-foot is a non-SI unit of volume commonly used in the United States in reference to large-scale water resources, such as reservoirs, aqueducts, canals, sewer flow capacity, irrigation water, and river flows. An acre-foot equals approximately an eight-lane swimming pool, 25 m long, 16 m wide and 3 m deep.

This is a document about Arpent
 In Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida, the official conversion is 1 arpent = 0.84628 acre. ; In Arkansas and Missouri, the official conversion is 1 arpent = 0.8507 acre. Historically, in North America, 1 (square) arpent (arpent carré), also known as a French acre, was 180 French feet × 180 French feet = 32,400 French square feet = about 3419 square metres = about 0.845 English acres. Certain U.S. states have official definitions of the arpent which vary slightly: In Paris, the square arpent was 220 French feet × 220 French feet = 48,400 French square feet, about 5107 m2. In Mauritius and Seychelles, an arpent is about 4220.87 square metres, 0.4221 hectares, 1.043 acres.

This is a document about Measurement of land in Punjab
 1 Athaas = 4 Acres ; 1 Acre  = 2 Jarebs     = 43,560 Sq.ft  = 4,840 Sq.yd ; 1 Jareb = 20 Wiswa   = 21,780 Sq.ft  = 2,420 Sq.yd ; 1 Wiswa = 1089 Sq.ft = 121 Sq.yd  = 33  x 33 feet Following are the current units of measurement in Sindh residential as well as open / agricultural land.

This is a document about Area
 1 are = 100 square metres 1 hectare = 100 ares = 10,000 square metres = 0.01 square kilometres 1 acre = 4,840 square yards = 43,560 square feet. 1 barn = 10−28 square meters. 20 dhurki = 1 dhur ; 20 dhur = 1 khatha ; 20 khata = 1 bigha ; 32 khata = 1 acre There are several other common units for area. The are was the original unit of area in the metric system, with: Though the are has fallen out of use, the hectare is still commonly used to measure land: Other uncommon metric units of area include the tetrad, the hectad, and the myriad. The acre is also commonly used to measure land areas, where An acre is approximately 40% of a hectare. On the atomic scale, area is measured in units of barns, such that: The barn is commonly used in describing the cross-sectional area of interaction in nuclear physics. In India,

This is a document about Square yard
 1,296 square inches ; 9 square feet ; ≈0.00020661157 acres ; ≈0.000000322830579 square miles ; 836 127.36 square millimetres ; 8 361.2736 square centimetres ; 0.83612736 square metres ; 0.000083612736 hectares ; 0.00000083612736 square kilometres ; 1.00969 gaj One square yard is equivalent to:

This is a document about Ray LaMontagne discography
 Acre of Land (2001)

This is a document about Exchequer Standards
 land ; acre (several in England, including Falmouth: 4,840 square yards; Preston: 10,240; elsewhere 9,000) ; rood (several in England) ; Scotch acre ; Irish acre ; Cloth ; yards ; nails ; ells (4 different sorts)

This is a document about Acre
  value (4046 13,525,426⁄15,499,969 m2) is based on an inch defined by 1 metre = 39.37 inches exactly, as established by the Mendenhall Order of 1893. Surveyors in the United States use both international and survey feet, and consequently, both varieties of acre. Since the difference between the US survey acre and international acre (0.016 square metres, 160 square centimetres or 24.8 square inches), is only about a quarter of the size of an A4 sheet or US letter, it is usually not important which one is being discussed. Areas are seldom measured with sufficient accuracy for the different definitions to be detectable. In October 2019, US National Geodetic Survey and National Institute of Standards and Technology announced their joint intent to end the "temporary" continuance of the US survey foot, mile and acre units (as permitted by their 1959 decision, above), with effect from the end of 2022.

This is a document about Acre
  the different German territories: Statutory values for the acre were enacted in England, and subsequently the United Kingdom, by acts of: Historically, the size of farms and landed estates in the United Kingdom was usually expressed in acres (or acres, roods, and perches), even if the number of acres was so large that it might conveniently have been expressed in square miles. For example, a certain landowner might have been said to own 32,000 acres of land, not 50 square miles of land. The acre is related to the square mile, with 640 acres making up one square mile. One mile is 5280 feet (1760 yards). In western Canada and the western United States, divisions

This is a document about Stremma
 10,763.9 square feet ; 0.247 105 38 acres ; 0.000 386 102 square miles

This is a document about Acres Homes, Houston
  The community has 9 sqmi of land, much of it in a pine forest. Not much of the land, as of 2002, is used for commercial or industrial purposes. Acres Homes had 8,548 housing units in 2002; 31% were rental units. Housing includes mostly smaller tract-style houses, many with wooden frames, with a smaller number of larger houses on lots with trees. Kristen Mack of the Houston Chronicle stated in 2002 that the lots of the "comfortable" larger houses were "well-maintained" while the smaller houses, among them many shotgun houses were "ramshackle". Absentee landlords owned many of the smaller houses. Rafael Longoria and Susan Rogers of the Rice Design Alliance said that the layout of Acres Homes could be described as "rurban,"

This is a document about Acre
  was roughly the amount of land tillable by a yoke of oxen in one day. Before the enactment of the metric system, many countries in Europe used their own official acres. In France, the acre (spelled exactly the same as in English) was used only in Normandy (and neighbouring places outside its traditional borders), but its value varied greatly across Normandy, ranging from 3,632 to 9,725 square metres, with 8,172 square metres being the most frequent value. But inside the same pays of Normandy, for instance in pays de Caux, the farmers (still in the 20th century) made the difference between the grande acre (68 ares, 66 centiares) and the petite acre (56 to 65

This is a document about Area
 1 foot = 12 inches, 1 square foot = 144 square inches, 1 square yard = 9 square feet ; 1 square mile = 3,097,600 square yards = 27,878,400 square feet 1 square inch = 6.4516 square centimetres ; 1 square foot = square metres ; 1 square yard = square metres ; 1 square mile = square kilometres In non-metric units, the conversion between two square units is the square of the conversion between the corresponding length units. the relationship between square feet and square inches iswhere 144 = 122 = 12 × 12. Similarly: In addition, conversion factors include:

This is a document about Acre
 Customary acre – The customary acre was roughly similar to the Imperial acre, but it was subject to considerable local variation similar to the variation in carucates, virgates, bovates, nooks, and farundels. These may have been multiples of the customary acre, rather than the statute acre. ; Builder's acre = an even 40000 sqft or 200 x, used in US real-estate development to simplify the math and for marketing. It is nearly 10% smaller than a survey acre, and the discrepancy has led to lawsuits alleging misrepresentation. ; Scottish acre = 1.3 Imperial acres (5,080 m2, an obsolete Scottish measurement) ; Irish acre = 7,840 yd2 ; Cheshire acre = 10,240 yd2 ; Stremma or Greek acre ≈ 10,000 square Greek feet, but now set at exactly

One acre is equal to 43,560 square feet.


Question: where does most of us electricity come from

Answer: fossil fuels

This is a document about Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products
  The majority of electrical power generation, in the United States, comes from combustion of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. 45% of power generation comes from coal, 23% from natural gas, and 1% from petroleum. This totals to about 70% of American electrical consumption being produced from fossil fuels. In the previous section it was discussed that in 2010 3.6 quadrillion BTU's were saved by from the implementation of energy standards. This equates to about 2.52 quadrillion BTU's of energy produced from fossil fuels being abated every year because of these performance standards, or 750,000,000,000 kWh. Production of electricity from coal creates

This is a document about Electricity sector of the United States
  responsibility, usually carried out through Public Utilities Commissions; the inter-state transmission segment is regulated by the federal government through the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. Principal sources of US electricity in 2019 were: natural gas (38%), coal (23%), nuclear (20%), other renewables (11%), and hydro (7%). Over the decade 2004–2014, the largest increases in electrical generation came from natural gas (2014 generation was 412TWh greater than 2004), wind (increase of 168TWh) and solar (increased 18TWh). Over the same decade, annual generation from coal decreased 393TWh, and from petroleum decreased 90TWh. In 2008 the average electricity tariff in the U.S. was 9.82¢/kWh. In

This is a document about Energy policy of the United States
 Electric power—38.1% ; Transportation—28.8% ; Industrial—22.4% ; Residential—6.2% ; Commercial—4.5% The United States is a net importer of electricity from Canada, and a net exporter to Mexico. Overall, in 2012 the US had net electricity imports of 47 thousand gigawatt-hours, which was less than 1.2% of the electrical power generated within the US. Nuclear power in the United States depends largely on imported uranium. In 2011, US uranium mining provided 8 percent of the uranium concentrate loaded into nuclear reactors. The remainder was imported. Principal sources of imported uranium were Russia, Canada, Australia, Kazakhstan, and Namibia. The US Energy Information Administration (EIA) groups the five largest consumers of energy in the United States, by sector. Their shares of total primary energy consumption in 2017 were:  The electric power sector generates most of the electricity used in the US. The other four sectors consume most of that electricity.

This is a document about Electricity generation
  The United States has long been the largest producer and consumer of electricity, with a global share in 2005 of at least 25%, followed by China, Japan, Russia, and India. In 2011, China overtook the United States to become the largest producer of electricity.

This is a document about Energy in California
  The electric grid is made of up electric transmission and electric distribution, with electric production by itself averaging about 44% of the cost nationally. As of 2019, transmission costs are the fastest-growing part of the bill, and Transmission Access Charges (TAC) are applied regardless of how far electricity travels across the grid. California is part of the Western Interconnection, with transmission lines connecting to the Pacific Northwest including the California Oregon Intertie (with a capacity of almost 5 GW) as well as the Pacific DC Intertie, an HVDC line with a capacity of 3.1 GW which brings (predominantly hydroelectric) power from the Pacific Northwest to the Los Angeles area. From Utah, another HVDC line, Path 27, provides coal generated electricity to Los

This is a document about Electricity generation
  Variations between countries generating electrical power affect concerns about the environment. In France only 10% of electricity is generated from fossil fuels, the US is higher at 70% and China is at 80%. The cleanliness of electricity depends on its source. Most scientists agree that emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases from fossil fuel-based electricity generation account for a significant portion of world greenhouse gas emissions. In the United States, fossil fuel combustion for electric power generation is responsible for 65% of all emissions of sulfur dioxide, the main component of acid rain. Electricity generation is the fourth highest combined source of NOx, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter in the US. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), low-carbon electricity generation needs to account for 85% of global electrical output

This is a document about Electricity sector of the United States
  Electricity generation was primarily from the following sources: The share of coal and nuclear in energy generation is much higher than their share in installed capacity, because coal and nuclear plants provide base load and thus are running longer hours than natural gas and petroleum plants which typically provide peak load, while wind turbines and solar plants produce electricity when they can and natural gas fills in as required to compensate.  The following table summarizes the electrical energy generated by fuel sources for the US. Data was obtained from Electric Power Annual 2019. Profile data is from Electric Power Monthly and is for 2019.

This is a document about Energy in the United States
  Energy in the United States comes mostly from fossil fuels: in 2020, data showed that 35% of the nation's energy originates from petroleum, 10% from coal, and 34% from natural gas. Nuclear power supplied 9% and renewable energy supplied 12%, mainly from hydroelectric dams and biomass; however, this also includes other renewable sources like wind, geothermal, and solar. The United States was the second-largest energy consumer in 2010 after China. The country is ranked seventh in energy consumption per capita after Canada and several small nations. As of 2006, the country's energy consumption had increased more rapidly than domestic energy production over the last 50 years in the nation (when they were roughly equal). This difference was largely met through

This is a document about Energy storage
  energy sources (notably solar and wind) produce variable power. Storage systems can level out the imbalances between supply and demand that this causes. Electricity must be used as it is generated or converted immediately into storable forms. The main method of electrical grid storage is pumped-storage hydroelectricity. Areas of the world such as Norway, Wales, Japan and the US have used elevated geographic features for reservoirs, using electrically powered pumps to fill them. When needed, the water passes through generators and converts the gravitational potential of the falling water into electricity. Pumped storage in Norway, which gets almost all its electricity from hydro, has currently a capacity of 1.4 GW

This is a document about Electricity sector of the United States
 AES Corporation ; Southern Company, 42GW ; American Electric Power, 38GW ; Duke Energy, 58.2GW ; Luminant, 18GW ; Reliant Energy, 14GW ; Pacific Gas and Electric Company, 7.7GW ; Allegheny Energy About 80% of the electricity in the U.S. is generated by private ("investor-owned") utilities. The remaining electricity is produced by the public sector. This includes federal agencies such as the Tennessee Valley Authority (producing mainly nuclear and hydropower), and Power Marketing Administrations of the Department of Energy, one of which is the Bonneville Power Administration (in the Pacific Northwest)(hydropower). It also includes municipal utilities and utility cooperatives. The largest private electric producers in the United States include:

This is a document about Energy planning
  United States is still heavily relying on fossil fuels as a source of energy. In order for the electrification of our machines to help the efforts to decarbonize, more renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar would have to be built. Another potential problem that comes with the use of renewable energy is the transmission of that energy. A study conducted by Princeton University found that the locations with the highest renewable potential are in the Midwest, however, the places with the highest energy demand are coastal cities. In order to effectively make use of the electricity coming from these renewable sources,

This is a document about Energy development
  power is then rationed. Industrialised countries such as Canada, the US, and Australia are among the highest per capita consumers of electricity in the world, which is possible thanks to a widespread electrical distribution network. The US grid is one of the most advanced, although infrastructure maintenance is becoming a problem. CurrentEnergy provides a realtime overview of the electricity supply and demand for California, Texas, and the Northeast of the US. African countries with small scale electrical grids have a correspondingly low annual per capita usage of electricity. One of the most powerful power grids in the world supplies power to the state of Queensland, Australia.

This is a document about Electricity generation
  Electricity is generated throughout the world in many ways using a variety of resources. The three most common resources used are natural gas, nuclear and coal. But renewable sources of generation are quickly growing. the most common way to generate electricity is through the transformation of kinetic energy into electricity by large Electric generators. The vast majority of electrical generation is produced through electromagnetic induction, where mechanical energy through a turbine drives a generator rotate to produce electricity. Often utilities need to purchase more electricity through a wholesale market from a rival utility or wholesale retailer, this is brokered and organised by a regional transmission reliability organisation. It is necessary for utilities to produce electricity far away from consumers as the plants are large and release extensive greenhouse gasses. Thus, there is a major process of transporting electricity from the generation plants to consumers.

This is a document about Fossil fuel power station
   Electricity generation using carbon-based fuels is responsible for a large fraction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions worldwide and for 34% of U.S. man-made carbon dioxide emissions in 2010. In the U.S. 70% of electricity is generated by combustion of fossil fuels. Coal contains more carbon than oil or natural gas fossil fuels, resulting in greater volumes of carbon dioxide emissions per unit of electricity generated. In 2010, coal contributed about 81% of CO2 emissions from generation and contributed about 45% of the electricity generated in the United States. In 2000, the carbon intensity (CO2 emissions) of U.S. coal thermal combustion was 2249 lbs/MWh (1,029 kg/MWh) while the carbon intensity of U.S. oil thermal generation was 1672 lb/MWh (758 kg/MWh or 211 kg/GJ) and

This is a document about Economy of the United States
  The US is the second-largest energy consumer in total use. The U.S. ranks seventh in energy consumption per capita after Canada and a number of other countries. The majority of this energy is derived from fossil fuels: in 2005, it was estimated that 40% of the nation's energy came from petroleum, 23% from coal, and 23% from natural gas. Nuclear power supplied 8.4% and renewable energy supplied 6.8%, which was mainly from hydroelectric dams although other renewables are included. American dependence on oil imports grew from 24% in 1970 to 65% by the end of 2005. Transportation has the highest consumption

This is a document about Coal mining
  energy that emit lower or no carbon dioxide pollution. For a time, while domestic coal consumption for electric power was being displaced by natural gas, exports were increasing. US net coal exports increased ninefold from 2006 to 2012, peaked at 117 million short tons in 2012, then declined to 63 million tons in 2015. In 2015, 60% of net US exports went to Europe, 27% to Asia.US coal production increasingly comes from strip mines in the western United States, such as from the Powder River Basin in Wyoming and Montana. Coal has come under continued price pressure from natural gas and

This is a document about Energy in the United States
   The United States has an installed summer electricity generation capacity of 1,084.37 GW in 2018, up 11.91 GW from 2017. The U.S. electricity generation was 4178.08 TWh in 2018. The U.S. also imported 58.26 TWh and exported 13.805 TWh, for a total of 4222.5 TWh of electrical energy use in the U.S. Electrical energy generated from coal was 1149.49 TWh (27.22%); natural and other gases, 1,482.20 TWh (35.11%); nuclear, 807.08 TWh (19.11%); hydro, 292.52 TWh (6.93%); Renewables (other than hydro), 413.30 TWh (9.81%); imports less exports, 44.465 TWh (1.05%); petroleum, 25.23 TWh (0.60%); and miscellaneous (including pumped storage), 7.07 TWh (0.17%). The United States' renewable sources (hydro

This is a document about Nuclear power in the United States
  most reliable energy source", and to a great degree "has the highest capacity factor. Natural gas and coal capacity factors are generally lower due to routine maintenance and/or refueling at these facilities while renewable plants are considered intermittent or variable sources and are mostly limited by a lack of fuel (i.e. wind, sun, or water)." Nuclear is the largest source of clean power in the United States, generating more than 800 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity each year and producing more than half of the nation’s emissions-free electricity. This avoids more than 470 million metric tons of carbon each year, which

This is a document about Energy in Denmark
  The electricity sector relies mainly on renewable energy. 80% of the electricity produced in the country came from renewables: 57% from wind power, 20% from biomass and other combustible renewables, and 3% from solar power. Other sources of electricity produced domestically were: coal (10.5%), natural gas (6%), oil (under 1%) and other combustibles (2.5%). Denmark is a net importer of electricity; domestic electricity production was equal to 83% of the consumption, and net imports were 17% of the consumption. Imported electricity is also mostly low-carbon, although from different sources than domestic production: for example, the country imports hydroelectricity from Norway, and hydroelectricity and nuclear power (with other sources possibly in the mix) from Sweden. Almost no hydro and no nuclear power is produced domestically, and other countries' hydro, thermal and wind/solar

This is a document about Electricity generation
  Total worldwide gross production of electricity in 2016 was 25,082 TWh. Sources of electricity were coal and peat 38.3%, natural gas 23.1%, hydroelectric 16.6%, nuclear power 10.4%, oil 3.7%, solar/wind/geothermal/tidal/other 5.6%, biomass and waste 2.3%.

Most of the electricity in the United States comes from fossil fuels, specifically coal, natural gas, and petroleum, which accounted for about 70% of the total electrical consumption in 2010.


Question: when did the orange is the new black start

Answer: July 11 , 2013

This is a document about List of accolades received by Orange Is the New Black
  Orange Is the New Black is an American comedy-drama series created by Jenji Kohan. It is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, Orange Is the New Black: My Year in a Women's Prison (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal women's prison. The series' first season premiered on July 11, 2013 on the streaming service Netflix. Orange Is the New Black has been a significant success for Netflix, becoming its most-watched original series. The series has received critical acclaim since its debut, and many awards and nominations in both comedy and drama categories. Orange Is the New Black has received

This is a document about Orange Is the New Black
  Orange Is the New Black (sometimes abbreviated to OITNB) is an American comedy-drama streaming television series created by Jenji Kohan for Netflix. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, Orange Is the New Black: My Year in a Women's Prison (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. Produced by Tilted Productions in association with Lionsgate Television, Orange Is the New Black premiered on Netflix on July 11, 2013. In February 2016, the series was renewed for a fifth, sixth, and seventh season. Its seventh and final season was released on July 26, 2019. As of 2016, Orange Is the New Black was Netflix's most-watched as well as its longest-running original series. It was widely acclaimed throughout its run, and has received

This is a document about Orange Is the New Black (season 1)
  The first season of the American comedy-drama television series Orange Is the New Black premiered on Netflix on July 11, 2013, at 12:00 am PST in multiple countries. It consists of thirteen episodes, each between 51–60 minutes. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, Orange Is the New Black: My Year in a Women's Prison (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. Created and adapted for television by Jenji Kohan. In July 2011, Netflix was in negotiations with Lionsgate for a 13-episode TV adaptation of Kerman's memoirs. The series began filming in the old Rockland Children's Psychiatric Center in Rockland County, New York, on March 7, 2013. The

This is a document about List of Orange Is the New Black episodes
  Orange Is the New Black is an American comedy-drama television series created by Jenji Kohan, which premiered on July 11, 2013, on Netflix. The series, based on Piper Kerman's memoir Orange Is the New Black: My Year in a Women's Prison (2010), follows Piper Chapman (Taylor Schilling), a happily engaged New Yorker who is sent to a women's federal prison for transporting a suitcase full of drug money across international borders, 10 years prior, for her girlfriend at the time, Alex Vause (Laura Prepon). The series was renewed for a seventh and final season, which was released on July 26, 2019.

This is a document about Netflix
  people can only watch videos available worldwide and other videos are hidden from search results, which can however be found on the Unofficial Netflix Online Global Search (uNoGS) website. In February 2016, Orange Is the New Black was renewed for a fifth, sixth and seventh season. On June 9, 2017, the fifth season was premiered and the sixth season premiered on July 27, 2018. In March 2016, Netflix introduced Netflix Party, whereby people can watch Netflix's programs together. In April 2016, the Netflix series in the Marvel Cinematic Universe were expanded further, to include a 13-episode series of The

This is a document about Orange Is the New Black (season 5)
  The fifth season of the American comedy-drama television series Orange Is the New Black premiered on Netflix on June 9, 2017, at 12:00 am PST in multiple countries. It consists of thirteen episodes, each between 51 and 60 minutes. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, Orange Is the New Black: My Year in a Women's Prison (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. The series is created and adapted for television by Jenji Kohan.

This is a document about Orange Is the New Black (season 4)
  The fourth season of the American comedy-drama television series Orange Is the New Black premiered on Netflix on June 17, 2016, at 12:00 am PST in multiple countries. It consists of thirteen episodes, each between 54–60 minutes, with a 77-minute finale. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, Orange Is the New Black: My Year in a Women's Prison (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. The series is created and adapted for television by Jenji Kohan. The season received critical acclaim, again winning the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series and Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series for Uzo Aduba, and numerous other awards.

This is a document about Orange Is the New Black (season 2)
  The second season of the American comedy-drama television series Orange Is the New Black premiered on Netflix on June 6, 2014, at 12:00 am PST in multiple countries. It consists of thirteen episodes, each between 51–60 minutes, with a 90-minute finale. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, Orange Is the New Black: My Year in a Women's Prison (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. The series is created and adapted for television by Jenji Kohan. The series follows Piper Chapman, forced to board a bus and a plane without being given any information. Later she discovers that she is in

This is a document about Miss Rosa
  Rosa "Miss Rosa" Cisneros is a fictional character from the Netflix dramedy series Orange Is the New Black, played by Barbara Rosenblat. The character made her first screen appearance during the premiere episode titled "I Wasn't Ready", which aired on July 11, 2013. Stephanie Andujar portrayed "Young Rosa" in flashback sequences. Rosenblat originally auditioned for another character but producers asked her to portray Miss Rosa. The character is a cancer sufferer who is incarcerated in Litchfield federal prison because she committed armed bank robberies. Rosenblat did not want to shave her head for the role and a make-up artist was hired to fit a prosthetic appliance to her head creating the character's baldness. The application process took three hours, meaning

This is a document about Orange Is the New Black (season 3)
  The third season of the American comedy-drama television series Orange Is the New Black premiered on Netflix on June 11, 2015, at 12:00 am PST in multiple countries. It consists of thirteen episodes, each between 53–60 minutes, with a 90-minute finale. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, Orange Is the New Black: My Year in a Women's Prison (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. The series is created and adapted for television by Jenji Kohan. The season received critical acclaim, again winning the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series and Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series for Uzo Aduba, and numerous other awards.

This is a document about Media portrayal of lesbianism
  L Word led to several spinoffs, including a reality television series The Real L Word (2010–2012), the documentary film L Word Mississippi: Hate the Sin (2014), and a sequel television series, The L Word: Generation Q, which debuted on Showtime in December 2019. Jenji Kohan's, Netflix Original, Orange is the New Black is an American comedy-drama that was created in 2013. The fourth season was released on June 17, 2016, and the show has featured several lesbian and bisexual relationships so far, making them a key part of the plot line. The majority of the characters on the show identify as women,

This is a document about Orange Is the New Black (season 7)
  The seventh and final season of the American comedy-drama television series Orange Is the New Black premiered on Netflix on July 26, 2019, at 12:00 am PDT in multiple countries. It consists of thirteen episodes, each between 55 and 89 minutes. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, Orange Is the New Black: My Year in a Women's Prison (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. The series was created and adapted for television by Jenji Kohan. The season chronicles Piper's life after being released contrasted against the experiences of other prisoners, some of whom now reside in immigration detention centers.

This is a document about History of transgender people in the United States
  New Black as Sophia Burset, a transgender woman who went to prison for credit-card fraud, and is the hairdresser for many of the inmates. Cox is best known for her role on Orange Is the New Black, for being a contestant on the first season of VH1's I Want to Work for Diddy and for producing and co-hosting the VH1 makeover television series TRANSform Me (which made her the first African-American transgender person to produce and star in her own TV show).  Cox was on the cover of the June 9, 2014 issue of Time, and was interviewed for the article "The Transgender Tipping Point"

This is a document about Orange Is the New Black (season 6)
  The sixth season of the American comedy-drama television series Orange Is the New Black premiered on Netflix on July 27, 2018, at 12:00 am PDT in multiple countries. It consists of thirteen episodes, each between 50 and 84 minutes. The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, Orange Is the New Black: My Year in a Women's Prison (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. The series is created and adapted for television by Jenji Kohan. This season takes place in a maximum security prison, after the inmates incite a riot at Litchfield Penitentiary during the previous season, and the season deals with the fallout from the riot. The main story arc of the season involves a gang-like war between two cell blocks which is sparked by the feud between two sisters. Meanwhile, the guards play a fantasy sport game called "fantasy inmate". Several supporting characters who appeared throughout the first five seasons are absent in this season due to change in setting, but this season introduces several new characters featured in maximum security.

This is a document about Media portrayal of lesbianism
  the show is based in a women's federal prison, and a significant number of those women identify with a sexuality other than heterosexuality, including: Piper Chapman, Alex Vause, Nicky Nichols, Big Boo, Suzanne "Crazy Eyes" Warren and Poussey Washington. Orange is the New Black helps to expand lesbianism in mainstream media and confronts many lesbian stereotypes throughout the show. This show paints a greater picture of lesbians in many different forms and personalities. In February 2016, the series was renewed for a fifth, sixth, and seventh season. The 2013 ABC Family TV series, The Fosters, depicts a lesbian couple raising multiple children,

This is a document about Piper Kerman
  Kerman's best-selling memoir about her experiences in prison, Orange Is the New Black: My Year in a Women's Prison, was published by Spiegel & Grau on April 6, 2010. A television adaptation of the same name created by Jenji Kohan, the Emmy award-winning creator of Weeds, premiered on July 11, 2013, on Netflix and aired for seven seasons. Kerman's character in the series ("Piper Chapman") is played by Taylor Schilling. Orange is the New Black has received critical acclaim and won four Emmy Awards. Kerman serves on the board of the Women's Prison Association and is frequently invited to speak to students of creative writing, criminology, gender and women's studies law,

This is a document about Netflix
  become a major distributor of animated family and kid shows. In July 2013, Orange Is the New Black debuted on Netflix, which became Netflix's most-watched original series. On August 1, 2013, Netflix reintroduced the "Profiles" feature that permits accounts to accommodate up to five user profiles. In September 2013, Netflix launched in the Netherlands and was then available in 40 countries. In November 2013, Netflix and Marvel Television announced a five-season deal to produce live-action Marvel superhero-focused series: Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Iron Fist and Luke Cage. The deal involves the release of four 13-episode seasons that culminate in a mini-series

This is a document about Laura Prepon
  guest-starred in the TBS sitcom Men at Work. In mid-2012, Prepon signed on to co-star with Taylor Schilling in the Netflix original comedy-drama series Orange Is the New Black, based on Piper Kerman's memoir Orange Is the New Black: My Year in a Women's Prison. She was cast as Alex Vause, a former drug importer and girlfriend of Piper Chapman (Schilling). The series premiered on July 11, 2013. Prepon was a regular in the first season, but appeared in only four of the 13 episodes in the second season. She returned as a series regular in the third season. In 2016, Prepon

This is a document about List of Orange Is the New Black characters
  Orange Is the New Black is an American comedy-drama series created by Jenji Kohan that airs on Netflix. It is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, Orange Is the New Black: My Year in a Women's Prison, about her experiences in a women's prison. The series' protagonist is Piper Chapman, a woman sentenced to 15 months in a woman's federal prison for her part in a drug smuggling operation ten years before the start of the first season. It follows Piper's experiences in and out of prison along with the experiences of a diverse ensemble.

This is a document about List of serial drama television series
 The O.C. (2003 – 2007) ; On Becoming a God in Central Florida (2019) ; Once Upon a Time (2011 – 2018) ; Once Upon a Time in Wonderland (2013 – 2014) ; One Tree Hill (2003 – 2012) ; Orange Is the New Black (2013 – 2019) ; Origin (2018) ; The Originals (2013 – 2018) ; Orphan Black (2013 – 2017) ; Our Friends in the North (1996) ; Outlander (2014 – present) ; The Outsider (2020) ; Oz (1997 – 2003) ; Ozark (2017 – present) ; The OA (2016 – 2019)

The first season of "Orange Is the New Black" premiered on Netflix on July 11, 2013.