Question: who wrote the south carolina ordinance of secession

Answer: An official secession convention

This is a document about South Carolina Declaration of Secession
  to their state of origin. The declaration was the second of three documents to be officially issued by the South Carolina Secession Convention. The first was the Ordinance of Secession itself. The third was "The Address of the people of South Carolina, assembled in Convention, to the people of the Slaveholding States of the United States", written by Robert Barnwell Rhett, which called on other slave holding states to secede and join in forming a new nation. The convention resolved to print 15,000 copies of these three documents and distribute them to various parties. The declaration was seen as analogous

This is a document about South Carolina in the American Civil War
  secession. When the ordinance was adopted on December 20, 1860, South Carolina became the first slave state in the south to declare that it had seceded from the United States. James Buchanan, the United States president, declared the ordinance illegal but did not act to stop it. A committee of the convention also drafted a [[Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union|Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina]] which was adopted on December 24. The secession declaration stated the primary reasoning behind South Carolina's declaring of secession from the

This is a document about Williams Middleton
  Williams Middleton (1809–1883) was a son of South Carolina Governor Henry Middleton (1770–1846). He is best known as a signer of the South Carolina Ordinance of Secession, and as one of the owners of Middleton Place, National Historic Landmark gardens outside Charleston, SC. Williams and his two brothers John Izard Middleton and Admiral Edward Middleton were the trustees of their Father's entire estate. Williams inherited Middleton Place in 1846 and he pursued the family's interest in rice culture, carried out agricultural experiments, and further enhanced the gardens with the introduction of azaleas. In addition to Middleton Place, Williams Middleton made his home in town at 1 Meeting St., a house he owned between 1855 and 1870.  In 1860 Williams and an older brother signed South Carolina's Ordinance of Secession that removed the state from the Union,

This is a document about South Carolina Declaration of Secession
  all Acts and parts of Acts of the General Assembly of this State, ratifying amendment of the said Constitution, are here by repealed; and that the union now subsisting between South Carolina and other States, under the name of "The United States of America," is hereby dissolved." The convention had previously agreed to draft a separate statement that would summarize their justification and gave that task to a committee of seven members comprising Christopher G. Memminger (considered the primary author ), F. H. Wardlaw, R. W. Barnwell, J. P. Richardson, B. H. Rutledge, J. E. Jenkins, and P. E. Duncan. The document they produced, the Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union, was adopted by the convention on December 24.

This is a document about Proclamation to the People of South Carolina
  The Proclamation to the People of South Carolina was written by Edward Livingston and issued by Andrew Jackson on December 10, 1832. Written at the height of the Nullification Crisis, the proclamation directly responds to the Ordinance of Nullification passed by the South Carolina legislature in November 1832. Its purpose was to subdue the Nullification Crisis created by South Carolina's ordinance and to denounce the doctrine of nullification. The proclamation outlines the actions taken by the South Carolina legislature and rejects the insistence on state sovereignty, focusing on the preservation of the Union as the primary issue. It declares nullification to be "incompatible with the existence of the Union, contradicted expressly by the letter of the Constitution, unauthorized by its spirit, inconsistent with every principle on which It was founded, and destructive of the great object for which it was formed." The proclamation also appeals to citizens to resist the violation of the constitution.

This is a document about Rose Hill Plantation State Historic Site
  Rose Hill Plantation State Historic Site is a historic site in Union County, South Carolina, that preserves the home of William H. Gist (1807-1874), the 68th governor of South Carolina. Gist helped instigate a Secession Convention in South Carolina, which led to the creation of the Ordinance of Secession that preceded the Civil War. William Gist was the natural son of Francis Fincher Gist (c. 1773-1819), a Charleston merchant and South Carolina state representative, who by 1811 had purchased land in Upstate South Carolina. Either Francis Fincher or William Henry built a Georgian-style brick house (c. 1811-1830), eventually called Rose Hill after the many varieties of roses planted in its formal gardens. In the late 1850s and early 1860s, William Gist remodeled the

This is a document about Secession in the United States
  During the presidential term of Andrew Jackson, South Carolina had its own semi-secession movement due to the so-called 1828 Tariff of Abominations, which threatened South Carolina's economy, and South Carolina, in turn, threatened to secede from the United States (the Union). Jackson also threatened to send federal troops to put down the movement and to hang the leader of the secessionists from the highest tree in South Carolina. Also due to this, Jackson's vice president, John C. Calhoun, who supported the movement and wrote the essay "The South Carolina Exposition and Protest", became the first US vice president to resign. On May 1, 1833, Jackson wrote of nullification, "the tariff was only a pretext, and disunion and Southern confederacy the real object. The next pretext will be the negro, or slavery question." South Carolina also threatened to secede in 1850 over the issue of California's statehood. It became the first state to declare its secession from the Union on December 20, 1860, with the Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union, and it later joined with the other Southern states to form the Confederacy.

This is a document about South Carolina Exposition and Protest
  The South Carolina Exposition and Protest, also known as Calhoun's Exposition, was written in December 1828 by John C. Calhoun, then Vice President of the United States under John Quincy Adams and later under Andrew Jackson. Calhoun did not formally state his authorship at the time, though it was widely suspected and later confirmed. The document was a protest against the Tariff of 1828, also known as the Tariff of Abominations. It stated also Calhoun's Doctrine of nullification, i.e., the idea that a state has the right to reject federal law, first introduced by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in their Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions.

This is a document about Mississippi Secession Ordinance
  The Mississippi Secession Ordinance was written by Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar (II), who resigned from the U.S. Congress in January 1861. The ordinance was signed by James Z. George and others. Text of Ordinance: "AN ORDINANCE to dissolve the union between the State of Mississippi and other States united with her under the compact entitled "The Constitution of the United States of America". The people of the State of Mississippi, in convention assembled, do ordain and declare, and it is hereby ordained and declared, as follows, to wit: Section 1. That all the laws and ordinances by which the said State of Mississippi became a member of the Federal Union of the United States of America be, and the same are hereby, repealed, and that all obligations on the part of

This is a document about Middleton Place
  garden's first Asiatic azalea (Rhododendron indica), and the crape myrtle ( Lagerstroemia indica), one of the oldest in America. He also filled greenhouses with exotics and imported plants and seeds to give antebellum Middleton Place something of the air of a botanical garden. Upon Henry Middleton's death in 1846, Middleton Place passed to his son, Williams Middleton. In 1860, Williams Middleton signed the South Carolina Ordinance of Secession, in which the state declared it was no longer part of the United States. South Carolina's actions led to the attack on Fort Sumter in April 1861, sparking the U.S. Civil War. In February 1865, near the end of the war, Union troops captured Middleton Place and

This is a document about List of people from South Carolina
 Johnson Hagood (1828–1898), Confederate general and governor of South Carolina ; James Henry Hammond (1807–1864), US congressman, senator and governor of South Carolina; ; Wade Hampton I (1752–1835), U.S. Congressman from South Carolina, born in Virginia ; Wade Hampton II (1791–1858), born in Columbia, plantation owner and soldier ; Wade Hampton III (1818–1902), born in Charleston, Confederate general, governor, United States Senator ; Jesse L. Helms (1909–1982), mayor of Greenville (1979–1982); businessman ; DuBose Heyward (1885–1940), born in Charleston, playwright and poet, wrote the novel "Porgy" and its stage incarnations "Porgy" and "Porgy and Bess" ; Thomas Heyward, Jr. (1746–1809), signer of the Declaration of Independence ; Thomas Hitchcock, Jr. (1900–1944), polo

This is a document about George W. Crawford
  In 1861, Crawford was elected as a delegate from Richmond County, Georgia to the state's Secession Convention. The delegation elected Crawford president of the convention by a unanimous vote and he oversaw the state's vote of secession. As the convention's president, Crawford is considered the author of Georgia's Ordinance of Secession, the official document announcing the state's formal intent to secede the federal Union – originally as an independent republic, ultimately to join the Confederate States of America. The delegation approved the ordinance January 19, 1861, with 208 voting in favor of secession and 89 opposed. The delegates signed the document in celebratory fashion two days later in the public square in front of the

This is a document about John Gill Landrum
  He was a delegate to the secession convention of South Carolina and signed the Ordinance of Secession. During the Civil War, he was a Confederate who was the chaplain of the 13th Infantry regiment.

This is a document about History of South Carolina
  South Carolina was the first state to secede from the Union after the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860. South Carolina adopted the [[s:South Carolina Declaration of the Causes of Secession|Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union]] on December 24, 1860, following a briefer Ordinance of Secession adopted December 20. All of the violations of the alleged rights of Southern states mentioned in the document are about slavery. President Buchanan protested but made no military response aside from a failed attempt to resupply Fort Sumter via the ship Star of the West, which was fired upon by South Carolina forces and turned back before it reached the fort.

This is a document about History of South Carolina
  On February 4, the seven seceded states approved a new constitution for the Confederate States of America. Lincoln argued that the United States were "one nation, indivisible," and denied the Southern states' right to secede. South Carolina entered the Confederacy on February 8, 1861, thus ending fewer than six weeks of being an independent State of South Carolina. Meanwhile, Major Robert Anderson, commander of the U.S. troops in Charleston, withdrew his men into the small island fortress of Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor and raised the U.S. flag. Fort Sumter was vastly outgunned by shore batteries and was too small to be a military threat but it had high symbolic

This is a document about South Carolina in the American Civil War
  compelled to secede: South Carolinian Presbyterian minister James Henley Thornwell also espoused a similar view to McQueen's, stating that slavery was justified under the Christian religion, and thus, those who viewed slavery as being immoral were opposed to Christianity: And again, the Southern Presbyterian of S.C. declared that: On November 10, 1860 the S.C. General Assembly called for a "Convention of the People of South Carolina" to consider secession. Delegates were to be elected on December 6. The secession convention convened in Columbia on December 17 and voted unanimously, 169-0, to declare secession from the United States. The convention then adjourned to Charleston to draft an ordinance

This is a document about Constitution of South Carolina
  The first governmental framework for what is now the State of South Carolina was the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina, written in 1669 by the lead colonial proprietor Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury and his secretary John Locke. Influenced by philosophers such as James Harrington, the two men wrote a document which espoused religious toleration (except for Catholics) and establishing a system of government based on ownership of land. The document placed the eight proprietors of the colony at the head of its government, along with a bicameral parliament. The parliament consisted of the proprietors' deputies and the elected

This is a document about History of South Carolina
  the Approach of Secession in the Palmetto State," South Carolina Historical Magazine 112 (July–Oct. 2011), 139–56. ; Rogers, George C. Evolution of a Federalist: William Loughton Smith of Charleston (1758–1812) (1962) ; Roper, L. H. Conceiving Carolina: Proprietors, Planters, and Plots, 1662–1729 Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN: 1-4039-6479-3. ; Scarborough, William K., "Propagandists for Secession: Edmund Ruffin of Virginia and Robert Barnwell Rhett of South Carolina," South Carolina Historical Magazine 112 (July–Oct. 2011), 126–38. ; Schultz, Harold S. Nationalism and Sectionalism in South Carolina, 1852–1860 (1950) ; Sinha, Manisha. The Counterrevolution of Slavery: Politics and Ideology in Antebellum South Carolina (2000)

This is a document about South Carolina Declaration of Secession
   The Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union, also known as the South Carolina Declaration of Secession, was a proclamation issued on December 24, 1860, by the government of South Carolina to explain its reasons for seceding from the United States. It followed the brief Ordinance of Secession that had been issued on December 20. The declaration is a product of a convention organized by the state's government in the month following the election of Abraham Lincoln as U.S. President, where it was drafted in a committee headed by Christopher Memminger. The declaration stated the primary reasoning behind South Carolina's declaring of secession from the U.S., which was described as "increasing hostility on the part of the non-slaveholding States to the Institution of Slavery".

This is a document about Seal of South Carolina
  of the state, adopted soon after the seal, consists of the arms above, along with a personification of Liberty holding a Phrygian cap and a laurel wreath on the left, as well as a Continental soldier on the right, as supporters. Above the shield, a personification of Fame goes from Liberty to the soldier. The Great Seal of South Carolina was "set" or "affixed" to the Ordinance of Secession of December 20, 1860, at Secession Hall in Charleston shortly after 7:00 p.m., following which convention delegates signed it, including Robert Barnwell Rhett, as some three thousand South Carolinians watched enthusiastically the proclamation of South Carolina as "a separate, independent nationality."

The South Carolina Ordinance of Secession was written by a committee of South Carolina's secession convention, which was chaired by Christopher G. Memminger. The committee consisted of F. H. Wardlaw, R. H. R. Horry, J. H. Adams, J. M. Barnwell, J. W. Lowndes, J. E. Jenkins, and P. H. Manning.


Question: the tallest man that ever lived on earth

Answer: Robert Pershing Wadlow

This is a document about List of tallest people
  This is a list of the tallest people, a list of the tallest documented and verified people according to authorities such as Guinness World Records, CNN, Dailymail, or other less-reliable media for example Facebook and YouTube. According to the criterion, the tallest human was Robert Wadlow of the United States of America (1918–1940), who was 8 ft 11.09 in (272 cm). He received news media attention in 1939 when he was measured to be the tallest man in the world beating John Rogan's record, after reaching a height of 8 ft 9 in (267 cm).

This is a document about Alam Channa
  the circus. Months later some officials from Guinness landed in Sindh's capital city, Karachi, and from there they reached Sehwan where they met and measured Channa. They measured him at being 7 ft 7 inches. On their return to the UK, the men entered Channa's name in the Guinness book as the tallest living human on earth. He suffered from kidney failure and high blood pressure. The government decided to send him to the US and finance his treatment. He was admitted to the Westchester Medical Center in Valhalla, New York but died there on 2 July. He is buried in Sehwan.

This is a document about Human height
  had defected to China found that eighteen-year-old males were 5 inch shorter than South Koreans their age due to malnutrition. The tallest living man is Sultan Kösen of Turkey, at 251cm. The tallest man in modern history was Robert Pershing Wadlow (1918–1940), from Illinois, United States, who was 272cm at the time of his death. The tallest woman in medical history was Trijntje Keever of Edam, Netherlands, who stood 254cm when she died at the age of seventeen. The shortest adult human on record was Chandra Bahadur Dangi of Nepal at 54.6cm. An anecdotal article entitled, "Ancient American Giants" from the 14-Aug-1880 edition of Scientific American

This is a document about Parimal Barman
  Parimal Chandra Barman (1962–1991) from Bangladesh was considered the tallest person in the world in 1991 at 2.51m. Parimal had a tumor on his pituitary gland causing his incredible growth spurt. He was also suffering from malnutrition during his later life. He had been undergoing treatment for Gigantism at St. Bartholomew's Hospital in London. He was being considered for measurement by Guinness for the Guinness World Record for the tallest living person at the time of his death in 1991.

This is a document about Robert Wadlow
  Robert Pershing Wadlow (February 22, 1918 – July 15, 1940), also known as the Alton Giant and the Giant of Illinois, was an American man who was the tallest person in recorded history for whom there is irrefutable evidence. He was born and raised in Alton, Illinois, a small city near St. Louis, Missouri. Wadlow's height was 8 ft while his weight reached 439 lbs at his death at age 22. His great size and his continued growth in adulthood were due to hypertrophy of his pituitary gland, which results in an abnormally high level of human growth hormone (HGH). Even by the time of his death, there was no indication that his growth had ended.

This is a document about Radhouane Charbib
  Radhouane Charbib (رضوان شربيب Ridwan Sharbeeb, born October 27, 1968) was recognized by the Guinness Book of Records as the tallest living man, until January 15, 2005 when Bao Xishun was measured at Chifeng City Hospital, Inner Mongolia, China, and was recorded as being 2 millimeters taller.

This is a document about John Middleton (giant)
  Though his true height will probably never be known, he is likely one of the tallest people in history. If these height markings are accurate, he would surpass Robert Wadlow's stature of 8'11".

This is a document about Colonel Routh Goshen
    Routh Goshen, born Arthur James Caley (1824 – February 12, 1889) was most commonly known as Colonel Routh Goshen or the Arabian Giant or the Palestine Giant. He was billed as the tallest man in the world at 7 ft, 11 inches (2.41 m) and 620 pounds (280 kg) but was most likely no more than 7 ft, 5 inches (2.26 m) and 400 pounds (180 kg). His true origins were kept secret from the public during his performance years in the United States and were obscured by the many apocryphal biographies that were created to publicize him. His actual origins came out slowly after his death. His birth name was Arthur James Caley and he was born on the Isle of Man in 1824. His fictional biographies said he was born in Jerusalem on May 5, 1837. After his retirement in the 1880s, he settled in Middlebush, New Jersey and gained the nickname the Middlebush Giant.

This is a document about Angus MacAskill
  Angus MacAskill (1825 – 8 August 1863) was a Scottish-born Canadian giant. The 1981 Guinness Book of World Records says he is the strongest man who ever lived, tallest non-pathological giant in recorded history at 7 ft and had the largest chest measurements of any non-obese man at 80 in.

This is a document about Henry Alexander Cooper
  Henry Alexander Cooper (12 June 1853 – 16 August 1899) born in Norton-on-Derwent, East Riding of Yorkshire, England, was a 19th-century celebrity billed by P. T. Barnum as The Tallest Man in the World.

This is a document about Don Koehler
  Donald A. Koehler (September 1, 1925 – February 26, 1981) is one of 24 known people in medical history to reach a height of 8 ft or more. He was generally recognized as the tallest living man in the world from at least 1969 until his death in 1981. At one time, Koehler stood 249 cm tall, a result of the medical condition gigantism. He was born in Denton, Montana, United States. Koehler and his twin sister were born to parents of above average height. Their mother was 178 cm; their father was 188 cm. He started an abnormal period of growth

This is a document about Junrey Balawing
  of shortest man in history, which was held until 2012 by Gul Mohammed of India, who was 57 cm tall and died on October 1, 1997. In February 2012, Chandra Bahadur Dangi of Nepal, who stands 54.6 cm tall was declared the world's shortest living man ever. As a result, Junrey held the record for less than a year. Following the death of Chandra Bahadur Dangi on September 3, 2015, Balawing held the title of the shortest living man until his own death at age 27 on July 28, 2020. Prior to his death, he resided in Dapitan City with his family.

This is a document about Julius Koch
  Julius Koch (1872 – 30 March 1902), also known as Le Geant Constantin, was one of the tallest people ever. He suffered from gigantism, with an enlarged pituitary gland, testicular atrophy and lack of sexual development, and had trouble walking. His height, 245.9 cm was based on an estimate: after a series of falls, his legs were badly injured, and they were amputated after gangrene set in. His height had been advertised as 2.59 m, but this was presumed to be an exaggeration, as the skeleton measures 8 ft 5 in (2.56cm). Because he lived at the same time as John Rogan, he was probably never the tallest

This is a document about Alam Channa
  Haji Mohammad Alam Channa (1953 or 1956 – 2 July 1998) was a Pakistani farmer who was one of the tallest living people with the height of 7.8 ft. According to the Guinness Book of World Records, the tallest living man in the world (between 1982 and 1998), was Pakistan's Mohammad Alam Channa. Before his death in 1998, Channa was reported to be 7.7 ft tall. Born in 1953 in the city of Sehwan (in Pakistan's Sindh province), Alam Channa is said to have stood 6 ft 4 inches by the time he was 18. He continued to grow taller till he was

This is a document about Alam
 Alam Channa (1953–1998), son of Nasir Channa of Dhoke Kashmirian was the world's tallest living man at 232.4 cm (7 ft 7 inch) high. During his life he had been billed at various heights of up to 7 ft 6 while working at a circus ; Alam Lohar (1928–1979), prominent Punjabi folk music from the Punjab region of Pakistan, formerly British India. He is credited with popularising the musical term Jugni

This is a document about May 1922
 Three English mountaineers on the British expedition to Mount Everest came within 2239 ft from the summit of the 29032.7 ft high mountain, the tallest on Earth, after leaving a base camp established at 25000 ft the day before. George Mallory and Major Edward F. Norton, accompanied by the expedition's physician, Dr. Howard Somervell climbed to an altitude of 26800 ft, the highest reached by a climber up to that time before beginning their descent downward.  The new altitude surpassed the mark set by Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi of 24533 ft on K2 in 1909. ; Presbyterian minister Harry Emerson Fosdick first delivered the sermon "Shall the Fundamentalists Win?", later reprinted and distributed, that would lead to the Fundamentalist–Modernist controversy,

This is a document about Gabriel Estêvão Monjane
  Gabriel Estêvão Monjane (1944–1990) is one of only twenty individuals in medical history to have reached 8 ft or more in height. Born in Manjacaze, Gaza Province, Mozambique, Monjane's abnormal growth, attributed to an overactive pituitary gland, started soon after birth. By the time he was 17, Monjane stood 7 ft He joined a Portuguese circus. When measured officially in 1987, Monjane was 8 ft. He also weighed 348 lb. During his lifetime, especially late into his life, Monjane suffered leg problems. The Guinness Book of World Records stated that he was the tallest living man in their 1988 edition. Monjane died in January 1990 after a fall at his home, after which Suleiman Ali Nashnush, another African, was named the tallest living man.

This is a document about Väinö Myllyrinne
  Väinö Myllyrinne (27 February 1909 – 13 April 1963) was a Finnish acromegalic giant who was at one time (1940–1963) the world's tallest living person, and may have become the tallest after the death of Robert Wadlow. He stood 224 cm and weighed 141 kg at the age of 21, but experienced a second phase of growth in his late thirties, attaining a height of 251 cm. Myllyrinne was born in Helsinki, Grand Duchy of Finland, and is considered the tallest soldier ever, having served in the Finnish Defence Forces. He underwent his conscript training in 1929 in the Viipuri Heavy Artillery Regiment, and was 220 cm tall and very strong. In the 1930s he travelled around Europe as a professional wrestler and circus performer. He returned to Finland in 1939 to serve in the Finnish Army during the Winter War. In 1946, he moved to Järvenpää and ran a chicken farm. He died in Helsinki in 1963 and is buried at Järvenpää. In 1962, just a year before his death, he was measured by doctors at 8 ft. He had a 11.4 in hand span, the greatest known.

This is a document about Sultan Kösen
  Sultan Kösen (born 10 December 1982) is a Turkish farmer who holds the Guinness World Record for tallest living male at 251 cm. Kösen's growth resulted from the conditions gigantism and acromegaly, caused by a tumour affecting his pituitary gland. Due to his condition, he uses crutches to walk. Born to a Kurdish family in the southeastern city Mardin, he is the seventh tallest man in history.

This is a document about Sindangan
  In June 2011, Junrey Balawing joined the list of Guinness World Records as the shortest man on earth. He was born on April 15, 1993, in Sindangan. He is the son of a poor blacksmith and measures 23.6 in tall. In February 2012, Chandra Bahadur Dangi of Nepal, who stands 54.6 centimetres (21.5 in) tall was declared the world's shortest living man. As a result, Junrey held the record for less than a year. Following the death of Chandra Bahadur Dangi on September 3, 2015, Balawing now holds the title of the shortest living man. General Alexander B. Yano was appointed on May

The tallest man ever lived on earth is Robert Wadlow, who was 8 ft 11.1 in (272 cm) tall. He was born in the United States in 1918 and died in 1940. His height was verified by the Guinness Book of World Records.


Question: who is the present game minister of india

Answer: Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore

This is a document about Santhi Soundarajan
  that time. Commenting on Santhi's situation, Olympic shooter Anjali Bhagwat, who termed the incident as "shameful," said "The athlete should be given at least a central or state government job for her financial stability, in lieu of what Santhi has done for the country". In December 2014, with the help of gender activist Gopi Shankar Madurai, Santhi met Pon. Radhakrishnan, Minister of State for Road Transport and Highways, Olympic silver medallist Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore, Minister of State for Information Technology and Broadcasting, and Union Sports and Youth Affairs Minister Sarbananda Sonowal in New Delhi to present a request for assistance securing a permanent job as an athletics coach, and in restoring her 800m

This is a document about Gautam Gambhir
  Gautam Gambhir (born 14 October 1981) is an Indian politician and former cricketer, who has played all formats of the game. He is a current member of the Lok Sabha since 2019. As a cricketer, he was a left-handed opening batsman who played domestic cricket for Delhi, and captained Kolkata Knight Riders and Delhi Daredevils in the Indian Premier League (IPL). He made his One Day International (ODI) debut against Bangladesh in 2003, and played his first Test the following year against Australia. He captained the Indian team in six ODIs from late 2010 to late 2011 with India winning all six matches. He played an integral part in

This is a document about List of people from Jodhpur
 Maharaja Hanwant Singh ; Maharaj Prem Singh, Arjuna Award (first for polo) ; Ila Arun, actress and singer ; Rajmata Krishna Kumari, politician ; Maharaja Gaj Singh, politician ; Jai Narayan Vyas, politician ; Chitrangada Singh, actress and model ; Abhishek Singhvi, politician ; Barkatullah Khan, politician ; Justice Kan Singh Parihar ; Justice Chand Mal Lodha ; Justice Rajendra Mal Lodha ; Justice Milap Chand Jain ; Justice Guman Mal Lodha ; Justice Devendra Kachhawaha ; Laxmi Mall Singhvi, jurist ; Mithali Raj, cricketer ; Ashok Gehlot, Current Chief Minister of Rajasthan ; Gajendra Singh Shekhawat, Current Jal Shakti Minister (Water Resource Minister) ; Ashwini Vaishnaw, Current Railway Minister and IT and Communication Minister

This is a document about Om Prakash Dhurve
  He was served as Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Protection, Social Welfare, SC and ST Welfare, Women and Child Development and later Tribal Welfare, Labour, Sports and Youth Welfare Minister of the state under Uma Bharti, Babulal Gaur and Shivraj Singh Chouhan. He was inducted to Cabinet Ministry of Shivraj Singh Chouhan as Minister of Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Protection, Labour in June 2016.

This is a document about Hockey India League
  Before the league's first season, Hockey India appointed Steve Catton as competitions director. Minister of State for Parliamentary Affairs Rajeev Shukla, leader of the opposition in Rajya Sabha, Arun Jaitley, and media personality Rajat Sharma are the members of the board for the Hockey India League. Along with Steve Catton, Barry Anderson was appointed as the tournament director. Hockey India appointed Todd Faulds as its competitions director for the second edition of the Hockey India League. Todd worked as a competitions manager for the FIH 2012 Men's Champions Trophy in Melbourne and 2012 International Super Series in Perth. Bjorn Isberg has been the Hockey India League tournament director since 2014. Isberg had served as tournament director for the 2012 London Olympics field hockey tournament, and three Champions Trophy tournaments (in 2004, 2007, and 2011).

This is a document about Vijay Goel (politician)
  replaced by Harsh Vardhan. Other sources say that he met with opposition from the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, an organisation that is closely associated with the BJP and who were unhappy with how he was running the party in the state. He was elected to Rajya Sabha from Rajasthan in 2014. He remained the Minister of State for Youth Affairs & Sports from 5 July 2016 to 3 September 2017. In his tenure, a dedicated portal was launched to search young, talented people in sports who otherwise go unnoticed. The National Talent Search Portal connects potential sportsperson to the Sports Authority of India (SAI) centres for training and better guidance. He became the minister of state for Parliamentary Affairs on 3 September 2017.

This is a document about Vijay Jolly
  On 27 January 2011, Delhi Bharatiya Janata Party vice-president Vijay Jolly on welcoming the removal of CWG Organising Committee chairman Suresh Kalmadi strongly demanded the removal of Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit for alleged corruption in conduct of the Commonwealth Games. He said that the CBI has enough evidence to prove corruption in Common Wealth Games which says that Sheila Dikshit is responsible for handling and spending more than Rs 28,000 crore on various games projects, is still free. She is equally to be blamed along with Kalmadi. The CBI probe into the alleged financial irregularities in the 3–14 October 2010 Games, include all the top Delhi bureaucrats and the role of the Chief Minister be thoroughly investigated.

This is a document about Anurag Thakur
  Anurag Singh Thakur (born 24 October 1974) is an Indian politician from the Bharatiya Janata Party and a Member of Parliament in the Lok Sabha from Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh. He is the current Minister of Sports, Youth Affairs and Minister of Information and Broadcasting in the Second Modi ministry. Previously, Thakur served as a Minister of State for Finance and Corporate Affairs. He was first elected to the Lok Sabha in May 2008 in a by poll as a candidate of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Coming from a political family of Himachal Pradesh, he is a four time MP, being a member

This is a document about Ricky Kej
  2018, Kej performed for the President of India – Shri Ram Nath Kovind, the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh – Yogi Adityanath, the incumbent minister of the [[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change|Ministry of Science & Technology, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change and Ministry of Earth Sciences of India]] – Dr Harsh Vardhan, and several other dignitaries of the Indian government as a part of the Indian International Science Festival. Kej also performed at the spiritual headquarters of the Brahma Kumaris to over 10,000 Brahma Kumaris in Mount Abu, Rajasthan. Following this, he headed to Chennai to commemorate the 50th

This is a document about Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore
  Colonel Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore,, (born 29 January 1970) is an Indian politician, Olympic medallist, former shooting athlete and retired Indian Army officer. Rathore is a Member of Parliament in the 17th Lok Sabha from Jaipur Rural seat. He served as the Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports in the Government of India till May 2019. He won 25 international medals at various championships for Double Trap Shooting including a silver medal at 2004 Summer Olympics in Men's Double Trap event. Rathore served as a commissioned officer in The Grenadiers regiment of the Indian Army before retiring in 2013 as a colonel. Following his retirement from the army and shooting, he became the member of the parliament for the Bharatiya Janata Party in 2014. In November 2014, was made the Minister of State for Information and Broadcasting. Rathore was appointed as a Cabinet minister with independent charge for Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports in 2017.

This is a document about Wildlife Institute of India
 Vinod Bihari Mathur from February 2014 to (June 2019?) ; Radha Krishna Goel from 2013 to February 2014 ; Priya Ranjan Sinha from September 2004 to June 2013 ; Hemendra Singh Panwar from 1985 to 1994, first director of the Wildlife Institute of India. The current director of Wildlife Institute of India is Dhananjai Mohan who was appointed in December 2019. He was formerly Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, Planning and Financial Management and Chairman of State Biodiversity Board in Uttarakhand. Previous directors included:

This is a document about Lalit Modi
  Lalit Kumar Modi (born 29 November 1963) is an Indian businessman and cricket administrator. He was the founder & first chairman and Commissioner of the Indian Premier League (IPL), and ran the tournament for three years until 2010. He also served as the Chairman of the Champions League during 2008–10. He was the Vice President of the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) during 2005–10. He has also served as the President of the Rajasthan Cricket Association (2005–09 and 2014–15), and as the Vice President of the Punjab Cricket Association. As a close associate of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leader Vasundhara Raje, Modi once held considerable political clout in Rajasthan. During Raje's first term as the Chief Minister, he was called "Super Chief Minister" by the opposition and the media. In 2010, Modi alleged that

This is a document about ScarFall - The Royale Combat
  In July 2020, Indian prime minister Narendra Modi announced Aatma Nirbhar Bharat App Innovation Challenge to identify made in India apps that have potential to grow globally and which are used by many people. 6940 apps were registered within 22 days of announcement ScarFall stood at 2nd place  in the gaming category and emerged as first made in India battle royale game. Soon after this, Indian government banned 118 Chinese apps including highly popular TikTok and PUBG mobile saying move is in the interest of India's sovereignty and integrity, defense and security. This caused huge spike in downloads and daily active users of the game as Indian game streamers were looking for locally developed alternatives. To boost prime minister Narendra Modi's vision of Atmanirbhar Bharat and Make In India initiative, Ravi Shankar Prasad, the Minister for Electronics and Information Technology replied to a question from Arani MP Dr M.K. Vishnu Prasad (Congress) in the Lok Sabha, that the Government of India is working towards promoting traditional games of India in online mode as there is a huge market potential for this segment.

This is a document about Odisha Tennis Premier League
  Hon’ble Chief Minister of Odisha Shri Naveen Patnaik and Hon’ble Minister of Petroleum & Natural Gas Shri Dharmendra Pradhan unveiled the Logo and Team T-shirt of Odisha Tennis Premier League on 18th August 2017 in New Delhi. Odisha Tennis Premier League Trophy Unveiling Ceremony was held at Hotel Ashoka, New Delhi on 5th December 2018 for Season-2. Dignitaries were present for the ceremony are Shri Amarendra Khatua, Director General (ICCR) and former Ambassador to various countries, Shri Nishanta Bordoloi, Indian Cricketer, Mrs Richa Anirudh, prominent media personality and philanthropist, Shri Aditya Khanna, Member of Seniors Committee of All India Tennis Association (AITA) and Head of Sports Committee, Delhi Lawn Tennis Association (DLTA), Shri Dilip Mohanty, CEO of Neelachal Sports Foundation. Odisha Tennis Premier League Season-3

This is a document about Sacred Games (TV series)
  Sacred Games is the first Netflix original series from India. The service announced three new series and four others in February 2018, for a total of seven Indian series in production. A preview of the main three characters (Sartaj, Gaitonde and Anjali Mathur) was released by Netflix on 23 February 2018, with photos of a blood-spattered Sartaj, a perplexed-looking Mathur and a pyjama-clad Gaitonde. A 45-second teaser video was released on 3 May, followed by a trailer on 6 June. The series' first four episodes premiered in Mumbai on 29 June 2018 at the MAMI film festival. Netflix released the series on 5 July in 191 countries, subtitled in over 20 languages. Related mashup videos, artwork and memes circulated on social media after the series' release. On 10 July 2018, Indian National Congress member Rajeev Kumar Sinha filed a first

This is a document about Khelo India Youth Games
  On 31 January 2018, Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, inaugurated Khelo India School Games at the opening ceremony based on Guru–shishya tradition held at Indira Gandhi Arena. from the 2019 events, Khelo India School Games were renamed to Khelo India Youth Games after Indian Olympic Association came on board earlier in September 2018. The second edition of the event was kicked off in Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex, a sports complex situated in Balewadi, Pune, by Sports Minister, Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore, and, Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Devendra Fadnavis. On February 27, 2019, PM Narendra Modi launched the Khelo India App at the Youth Indian Parliament in Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi to promote sports and fitness. On 22 February 2020, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the first edition of the Khelo India University Games in Cuttack to give athletes the exposure of multi-disciplinary events at the university level.

This is a document about Anurag Bhadouria
  Anurag was awarded by the status of State Minister Sports during the period of Akhilesh Yadav government. Anurag contested his first Assembly election in 2017 Samajwadi Party Congress alliance from Lucknow east Constituency on the symbol of Congress party. Anurag came into limelight when he organised Indian Gramin Cricket League, an organisation constituted with an objective of promoting and tapping young rural sport talent of country. He has been organising league cricket matches since years in different states of country and motivating boys by providing them with basic cricket facilities and paraphernalia. Winners are awarded with cash, trophies, bikes and even motorcycles.

This is a document about Sourav Ganguly
  Sourav Chandidas Ganguly (born 8 July 1972), or Sourav Gangopadhyay (affectionately known as Dada; meaning "elder brother" in Bengali), is an Indian cricket administrator, commentator and former national cricket team captain who is the 39th and current president of the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI). He is popularly honoured as Maharaja of Indian Cricket. During his playing career, Ganguly established himself as one of the world's leading batsmen and also one of the most successful captains of the Indian national cricket team. While batting, he was especially prolific through the off side, earning himself the nickname God of the Off Side for his elegant stroke play square of the

This is a document about 2018–19 Santosh Trophy qualification
  Vatra (Dadra & Nagar Haveli) ; Ayush Adhikari (Delhi) ; Kushant Chauhan (Delhi) ; Nitesh Chikara (Delhi) ; Tushar Chaudhary (Delhi) ; Arjun Chaudhary (Gujarat) ; Nitin Singh (Gujarat) ; Parveen Dhull (Haryana) ; Bhemant (Himachal Pradesh) ; Mohit (Himachal Pradesh) ; Mukesh (Himachal Pradesh) ; Nikhil (Himachal Pradesh) ; Aakif Javed (Jammu & Kashmir) ; Asif Ashraf (Jammu & Kashmir) ; Goutam Mehra (Jammu & Kashmir) ; Shakir Ahmad (Jammu & Kashmir) ; Krishnakant Prapat (Jharkhand) ; Shamim Hussain (Jharkhand) ; A. S. Ashik (Karnataka) ; Leon Augustine (Karnataka) ; Manvir Singh (Karnataka) ; Nikhil Raj (Karnataka) ; P. P. Shafeel (Karnataka) ; Sunil Kumar (Karnataka) ; Akash Bharbar (Madhya Pradesh) ; Dhruwesh Nijap (Maharashtra) ;

This is a document about India at the 2020 Summer Olympics
 Men Women Mixed Indian shooters achieved quota places for the following events by virtue of their best finishes at the 2018 ISSF World Championships, the 2019 ISSF World Cup series, and the 2019 Asian Championship, as long as they obtained a minimum qualifying score (MQS) by May 31, 2020. On 5 April 2021, National Rifle Association of India (NRAI) officially announced a squad of fourteen Indian shooters for the rescheduled Games, including the reigning Commonwealth Games champion Manu Bhaker, Asian Games gold medalists Saurabh Chaudhary and Rahi Sarnobat in the pistol events, rifle marksman and two-time Olympian Sanjeev Rajput (2008 and 2012), and the current world-number-one Divyansh Singh Panwar and Elavenil Valarivan in the men's and women's air rifle, respectively. With a double starter (owned by Bhaker) securing quota places in two women's pistol events, NRAI opted to exchange the women's 25 m pistol (won by Chinki Yadav) for an additional place in the women's 50 m rifle 3 positions, eventually awarded to Anjum Moudgil.

The present Game Minister of India is Gajendra Singh Shekhawat.


Question: who sang only love can break your heart

Answer: Neil Young

This is a document about Only Love Can Break Your Heart
  "Only Love Can Break Your Heart" is a song written by Canadian-American singer-songwriter, musician, and activist Neil Young. It has been covered by many bands, including one from 1990 by British band Saint Etienne.

This is a document about Only Love Can Break a Heart
  "Only Love Can Break a Heart" is a popular song from 1962, performed by the American singer-songwriter Gene Pitney. The song was written by Hal David (words) and Burt Bacharach (music) and appears on Pitney's second album Only Love Can Break a Heart.

This is a document about The S.I.G.I.T.
  of this was in the music itself—they released their second EP: Hertz Dyslexia. Heartz Dyslexia was a two-parted EP that was released separately in between 2009 and 2011. The first included a cover of the famous Neil Young's "Only Love Can Break Your Heart" and the second one was released digitally on their website in the form of download code. And in conjunction with the recently released album, the band and its record company celebrated it by doing "The Dyslexia Concert" on 20 June in Bandung. The concert was planned to be held at The Venue, Eldorado. A week before the celebratory concert,

This is a document about Only Love Can Break Your Heart
 Jackie DeShannon - Jackie (1972) ; Anne Kirkpatrick - Let the Songs Keep Flowing Strong & Naturally (1976) ; Elkie Brooks - Shooting Star also single (#43 UK) (1978): "[This] noncaring dance-beat version of Neil Young's heartrending 'Only Love Can Break Your Heart' cheapens the singer more than the song" - Toby Goldstein in High Fidelity ; Stephen Stills - Right by You (1984: features additional lyrics by Stills) ; Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young performed the song during their Live Aid set in 1985. ; The Mint Juleps - single (1986: #62 UK) ; Psychic TV played the song

This is a document about Moira Lambert
  Moira Lambert is a British singer and recording artist. She is probably best known for her collaboration with the electronica group Saint Etienne on the Neil Young cover "Only Love Can Break Your Heart" (which went Top 40 in the UK and to No 1 in the US Hot Dance charts). Lambert began singing, playing acoustic guitar and song-writing as a child in Africa, largely influenced by the Celtic folk songs her parents taught her. While at school in the UK she became a fan of the British indie scene, enjoying acts like The Smiths and The Cure, later exploring vintage records by artists like Sandy Denny, Neil Young and Joni Mitchell. She is also a fan of avant-garde cinema. Lambert studied at the

This is a document about The Archives Vol. 1 1963–1972
  guitar, vocal; Graham Nash – vocal; Calvin "Fuzzy" Samuels – bass; Johnny Barbata – drums ; 30) * Recorded at The Record Plant, Hollywood, 5/21/1970. Produced by Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young. ; 31) "Only Love Can Break Your Heart" (4:15) – Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young – previously unreleased live version ; 32) * Neil Young – guitar, vocal; Stephen Stills – double bass; David Crosby – vocal; Graham Nash – vocal ; 33) * Recorded at Fillmore East, New York, NY, 6/5/1970. Produced by Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young. ; 34) "Tell Me Why" (5:41) – Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young – previously

This is a document about Only You (Can Break My Heart)
  "Only You (Can Break My Heart)" is a 1965 single by Buck Owens. The song was Owens's seventh number one in a row on the U.S. country singles chart. It spent one week at the top of the chart and a total of seventeen weeks. The B-side, "Gonna Have Love", peaked at number ten on the country chart.

This is a document about Only Love Can Break Your Heart
  In 1990, English band Saint Etienne recorded a cover version of "Only Love Can Break Your Heart", which was included on their debut album, Foxbase Alpha. The vocals are by Moira Lambert (Sarah Cracknell had not yet joined the band as a permanent member). The band recorded the song in producer Ian Catt's bedroom studio in Pollards Hill. The recording, made in under two hours, got them a record deal, their first single, and their first hit. Andrew Weatherall later remixed the song, further emphasising its dub bassline: this remix, subtitled "A Mix of Two Halves" (duration 8:49), was featured on both releases of the single and on the compilation Casino Classics. The U.S. and European releases contained a different extended mix by Flowered Up (duration 6:19),

This is a document about Only Love Can Break a Heart (album)
  Only Love Can Break a Heart is the second album by songwriter and recording artist Gene Pitney, released on the Musicor label in 1962. It included the top 10 hits "Only Love Can Break a Heart" (#2) and "(The Man Who Shot) Liberty Valance" (#4), which was written for but not ultimately used in, the film of the same name. Three other singles from the album also charted; "Half Heaven-Half Heartache" at #12, "True Love Never Runs Smooth" at #21, and "If I Didn't Have a Dime" at #58.

This is a document about The Archives Vol. 1 1963–1972
  Whitten – guitar, vocal; Billy Talbot – bass; Ralph Molina – drums, vocal ; 12) * Recorded at Sunset Sound, Hollywood, 8/2/1969. Produced by David Briggs & Neil Young. ; 13) "Birds" (1:37) – Neil Young with Crazy Horse – from the 45 RPM single (mono) of "Only Love Can Break Your Heart" ; 14) * Neil Young – guitar, piano, vocal; Danny Whitten – guitar, vocal; Billy Talbot – bass; Ralph Molina – drums, vocal ; 15) * Recorded at Sunset Sound, Hollywood, 8/3/1969. Produced by David Briggs & Neil Young. ; 16) "Everybody's Alone" (2:31) – Neil Young with Crazy Horse – previously unreleased song from After

This is a document about After the Gold Rush
  Crazy Horse and CSNY on this release, with members of the former band appearing alongside Stephen Stills (who contributed backing vocals to "Only Love Can Break Your Heart") and Reeves. The cover art is a solarized image of Young passing an old woman at the New York University School of Law campus in the Greenwich Village district of New York City. The picture was taken by photographer Joel Bernstein and was reportedly out of focus. It was because of this he decided to mask the blurred face by solarizing the image. The photo is cropped; the original image included Young's friend

This is a document about After the Gold Rush
  involved a lot of arcane stuff." Graham Nash has claimed that "Only Love Can Break Your Heart" was written for him in the aftermath of his breakup with Joni Mitchell. According to the Neil Young Archives, After the Gold Rush was released on September 19, 1970. One month later, on October 24, the lead single "Only Love Can Break Your Heart" entered the Billboard Hot 100 chart. An outtake version of "Birds" recorded at the initial Sunset Sound sessions has now been added to the album on the Neil Young Archives website, as have two versions of the song "Wonderin'".

This is a document about Only Love Can Break a Heart
  Country music singers Sonny James and Kenny Dale also recorded cover versions of "Only Love Can Break a Heart". Both versions reached the Top 10 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart during the 1970s. James' version peaked at No. 2 in March 1972, held out of the top by Freddie Hart's "My Hang-Up Is You." As a result, "Only Love ..." just missed continuing James' record-breaking streak of consecutive number-one singles, which had reached 16. Dale's version of the song reached number seven on the Hot Country Singles chart in 1979 and it was his biggest hit on the country charts.

This is a document about Foxbase Alpha
  The album includes one of the group's best-known songs: a cover of Neil Young's "Only Love Can Break Your Heart". The cover quite differs from the original in that the original's mostly major chord progression is turned here into mostly minor, which emphasises a more melancholic feel. It is also arranged in 4/4 (as opposed to the original's waltz time), with a driving piano-bass-drum section. Andrew Weatherall later remixed the song to further emphasise the dub bassline; this remix was featured on both releases of the single and on the compilation Casino Classics (on American and European versions of the single, a Flowered Up remix is erroneously featured instead of the Andrew Weatherall mix). The follow-up single "Kiss and Make Up" was also a cover version, of a song written and originally recorded by The Field Mice. Ian Catt

This is a document about Twiggy
  Twiggy remains in the forefront of fashion for women of her age. She was one of the few famous celebrities to survive being cut from the Marks & Spencer fashion team in 2009–2010, when Dannii Minogue joined her for the spring/summer women's wear campaign. She also started a Home Shopping Network fashion line called the "Twiggy London" collection, and has begun a fashion blog to discuss the line. On 21 November 2011, she released an album, Romantically Yours, through EMI. A collection of pop and easy listening standards spanning several generations, the album features versions of such compositions as "Bewitched, Bothered and Bewildered", "Blue Moon", "My Funny Valentine", "Someone to Watch over Me" and "They Can't Take That Away from Me", and London anthem "Waterloo Sunset". The album also includes a guest vocal appearance by Twiggy's daughter, Carly Lawson, on Neil Young's "Only Love Can Break Your Heart", a guitar solo by Bryan Adams, and a version of Richard Marx's "Right Here Waiting" featuring duet vocals with the American songwriter himself. In 2016, archive images of Twiggy, alongside images of Shrimpton and Jane Birkin were used for Tod's Fall/Winter campaign.

This is a document about Shooting Star (Elkie Brooks album)
 "Only Love Can Break Your Heart" (UK #43, 1978) ; "Since You Went Away" (1978) ; "Stay With Me" (Germany and Netherlands only, 1978)

This is a document about Darts (band)
  production of Yakety Yak. In 1979, Hegarty became a television presenter, first with the Newcastle upon Tyne-based Alright Now, and later as part of the team fronting the children's programme, Tiswas. In 1985, Fender and Ray managed and produced the UK a cappella female group The Mint Juleps who scored two minor UK chart entries with "Only Love Can Break Your Heart" (originally by Neil Young) in 1986 and "Every Kinda People" (originally by Robert Palmer) in 1987. The band remains in the Top 500 selling list according to the Guinness Book of British Hit Singles. The band reformed in 2006 for occasional appearances.

This is a document about Kiss and Make Up (Saint Etienne song)
  Saint Etienne were "drinking buddies" with Michael Hiscock from The Field Mice. The group recorded two demos of this song in their first studio session in January 1990, with Moira Lambert on lead vocals. Notably, they would go on to record with her what would become their first hit single, "Only Love Can Break Your Heart," in that same session. The first demo of "Kiss And Make Up" was released as a bonus track on the group's 2009 release, Foxbase Beta, a remix of their 1991 debut album, Foxbase Alpha, the second demo was released on the 25th anniversary vinyl

This is a document about He's a Rebel
  released in late August 1962, with the B-side "I Love You Eddie." On November 3, "He's a Rebel" reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The number two song was Pitney's "Only Love Can Break a Heart", giving him (as a songwriter or performer) the two top-selling singles in the U.S. In the United Kingdom, "He's a Rebel" peaked at No. 19. The song and its recording was featured in a fictionalized recreation in the 2018 movie Bad Times at the El Royale. The character of Darleen Sweet was based on singer Darlene Love and the character Buddy Sunday was meant to represent producer Phil Spector.

This is a document about Only Love Can Hurt Like This
  "Only Love Can Hurt Like This" was written by Diane Warren, who has previously written songs for Whitney Houston, Cher, Toni Braxton, LeAnn Rimes, Christina Aguilera and Britney Spears. Initially, Faith refused to record the song because she hadn't any writing credit for it, however after hearing the song Faith felt overwhelmed by how (lyrically) the song reflected on her relationship and emotion at the time. Warren has also written a song with a synonymous title, "Nothing Hurts Like Love", sung by Daniel Bedingfield. The song "Only Love Can Hurt Like This" was premiered in a stripped back acoustic version on Amazon.com, and was later performed at a Burberry fashion show in February 2014; later this performance was made available

The song "Only Love Can Break Your Heart" has been recorded by various artists including Neil Young, Gene Pitney, Saint Etienne (featuring Moira Lambert), and The Mamas & the Papas.


Question: when will archer season 8 be released on netflix

Answer: April 5 , 2017

This is a document about Archer (season 8)
  The eighth season of the animated television series Archer, subtitled Dreamland, began airing on April 5, 2017, and consisted of eight episodes. This season is also the first to air on FXX since the series was moved from FX.

This is a document about Archer (season 11)
  The eleventh season of the animated television series Archer debuted on FXX on September 16, 2020.

This is a document about Archer (season 10)
  The tenth season of the animated television series, Archer, known as Archer: 1999, premiered on May 29, 2019, on FXX. It is also the final season for Adam Reed as a full time show runner.

This is a document about Arrow (season 8)
  The eighth and final season of the American television series Arrow premiered on The CW on October 15, 2019 and concluded on January 28, 2020, with a total of 10 episodes. The series is based on the DC Comics character Green Arrow, a costumed vigilante created by Mort Weisinger and George Papp, and is set in the Arrowverse, sharing continuity with other Arrowverse television series. Executive Producers Marc Guggenheim and Beth Schwartz returned as co-showrunners of the 10-episode final season. Stephen Amell stars as Oliver Queen, with principal cast members David Ramsey as John Diggle, Rick Gonzalez as Rene Ramirez, Juliana Harkavy as Dinah Drake and Katie Cassidy as Laurel Lance also

This is a document about The Punisher (season 2)
  A teaser for the season released in January 2019. The episodes were released on Netflix worldwide, on January 18, 2019.

This is a document about Archer (season 9)
  The ninth season of the animated television series, Archer, subtitled Danger Island, premiered on April 25, 2018, on FXX.

This is a document about Kevin Hart's Guide to Black History
  It was released on February 8, 2019 on Netflix streaming.

This is a document about Juanita (2019 film)
  In April 2017, Netflix acquired distribution rights to the film. It was released on March 8, 2019.

This is a document about Arrow (season 8)
  The season premiered on October 15, 2019, in the United States on The CW. Additionally, The CW aired a retrospective, titled "Hitting the Bullseye", to "celebrate the eighth season", which preceded the series finale.

This is a document about Archer (season 12)
  The twelfth season of the animated television series Archer debuted on FXX on August 25, 2021.

This is a document about List of Backstage episodes
 The season was released on Netflix in the United States on September 30, 2017.

This is a document about October Faction (TV series)
  On January 8, 2020, Netflix released the official trailer for the series.

This is a document about Archer (2009 TV series)
  September 17, 2009, 118 episodes of the show have aired. New episodes of Archer have been broadcast on sibling network FXX since 2017, with the twelfth season premiering on August 25, 2021. In September 2021, the series was renewed for a thirteenth season. Archer has received positive reviews from critics and won awards, including four Primetime Emmy Awards and four Critics Choice Awards. It has also received 15 Annie Award nominations, among others, for outstanding achievement in animation, writing, direction, and voice acting. Various forms of licensed media have been spawned or proposed as a result of the show's sustained success.

This is a document about List of Trailer Park Boys episodes
  On March 5, 2014, it was confirmed that Netflix would air seasons 8 and 9. All episodes of season 9 were released on Netflix on March 27, 2015.

This is a document about MasterChef Greece
  The eighth season will premiere in January 2022.

This is a document about List of RWBY episodes
  The eighth season premiered on November 7, 2020 and concluded on March 27, 2021. Although the season took its regular Christmas mid-season break, due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States in regards to a slower production rollout with working remotely, the break was extended through January 2021 to early February. The tenth chapter was then delayed a week to February 27 to focus on the production team's safety during the February 13–17, 2021 North American winter storm, resulting in the season's conclusion being pushed back to March 27.

This is a document about Graveyard Carz
  Season 8 started on November 14, 2017.

This is a document about Arrested Development (season 4)
  Netflix confirmed on May 17, 2017, that a fifth season featuring the full cast had been ordered and that the season would include 16 episodes split into two eight-episode parts; the first half was released on May 29, 2018, and the second was released on March 15, 2019.

This is a document about Special (TV series)
  On March 25, 2019, Netflix released the first official trailer for the series. The first season, consisting of 8 episodes, was released on Netflix on April 12, 2019. The second season was released on May 20, 2021.

This is a document about Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (season 7)
  The season began streaming on Netflix in the United States on October 30, 2020.

Archer season 8 was released on Netflix on January 18, 2019.


Question: the birth of economics of education was announced by whom

Answer: James S. Coleman

This is a document about Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge
  The Faculty of Economics was first created by Alfred Marshall in 1903, although the first notable Cambridge economist is considered to be Thomas Malthus. After Marshall, the faculty was home to Alfred Pigou, father of public economics, John Hicks, who pioneered the IS-LM model and general equilibrium theory, and John Maynard Keynes, father of modern macroeconomics. The faculty retained a strong Keynesian bend in its thinking well into the late 20th century.

This is a document about Adam Smith
  Adam Smith (baptized  1723 – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish economist and philosopher who was a pioneer of political economy and key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment. Also known as or  he wrote two classic works, The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759) and An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776). The latter, often abbreviated as The Wealth of Nations, is considered his magnum opus and the first modern work of economics. In his work, Adam Smith introduced his theory of absolute advantage. Smith studied social philosophy at the University of Glasgow and at Balliol College, Oxford, where he was one of the first students to benefit from scholarships set up by fellow Scot John Snell. After graduating, he delivered a successful series of public lectures at

This is a document about New classical macroeconomics
  Classical economics is the term used for the first modern school of economics. The publication of Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations in 1776 is considered to be the birth of the school. Perhaps the central idea behind it is on the ability of the market to be self-correcting as well as being the most superior institution in allocating resources. The central assumption implied is that all individuals maximize their utility. The so-called marginal revolution that occurred in Europe in the late 19th century, led by Carl Menger, William Stanley Jevons, and Léon Walras, gave rise to what is known as neoclassical economics. This neoclassical formulation had also been formalized by Alfred Marshall. However, it was

This is a document about Friedrich Hayek
  Friedrich August von Hayek  (, ; 8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), often referred to by his initials F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian-British economist, and philosopher who is best known for his defence of classical liberalism. Hayek shared the 1974 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Gunnar Myrdal for their work on money and economic fluctuations, and the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena. His account of how changing prices communicate information that helps individuals coordinate their plans is widely regarded as an important achievement in economics, leading to his prize. Hayek served in World War I during his teenage years and said that this experience in the war and his desire

This is a document about MyRichUncle
  education endeavors could be used to predict future income, which in turn, could be used to underwrite student loans. This concept was originally proposed by Nobel Laureate Milton Friedman in 1954 as the optimal means of financing education. Further work by Nobel Laureates Gary Becker and James Tobin validated the concept and its applicability to education finance. In May 2001, the founders launched www.myrichuncle.com, Iempower's consumer-facing brand; through this website, investors could defray a student's undergraduate or graduate degree expenses in exchange for a fixed percentage of that student's future income for a set period after graduation. In order to decide how to

This is a document about John Maynard Keynes
  John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes, (5 June 1883 – 21 April 1946) was an English economist, whose ideas fundamentally changed the theory and practice of macroeconomics and the economic policies of governments. Originally trained in mathematics, he built on and greatly refined earlier work on the causes of business cycles. One of the most influential economists of the 20th century, his ideas are the basis for the school of thought known as Keynesian economics, and its various offshoots. During the Great Depression of the 1930s, Keynes spearheaded a revolution in economic thinking, challenging the ideas of neoclassical economics that held that free markets would, in the short to medium term, automatically provide full employment,

This is a document about History of economic thought
   In the early 1970s American Chicago School economist Robert E. Lucas, Jr. (1937–) founded New Classical Macroeconomics based on Milton Friedman's monetarist critique of Keynesian macroeconomics, and the idea of rational expectations, first proposed in 1961 by John F. Muth, opposing the idea that government intervention can or should stabilize the economy. The Policy-Ineffectiveness Proposition (1975) of Thomas J. Sargent (1943–) and Neil Wallace (1939–), which seemed to refute a basic assumption of Keynesian economics was also adopted. The Lucas aggregate supply function states that economic output is a function of money or price "surprise." Lucas was awarded the 1995 Nobel Economics Prize. Lucas' model was superseded as the standard model of New Classical Macroeconomics by the Real

This is a document about List of University of Chicago Booth School of Business faculty
 Robert Z. Aliber, developer of the Program of International Studies in Business and the Center for Studies in International Finance ; Harry Gideonse (1901-1985), President of Brooklyn College, and Chancellor of the New School for Social Research ; Erik Hurst, V. Duane Rath Professor Of Economics ; Deputy Director of the Becker Friedman Institute, And John E. Jeuck faculty fellow ; Gary Becker, Nobel Prize–winning economist, considered to have coined "human capital" and "rotten kid theorem," known for price theory ; Marianne Bertrand, Chris P. Dialynas Professor of Economics ; Ronald Coase, Nobel Prize–winning economist, known for work in contract theory ; Eugene Fama, “Man Who Launched Modern Finance” - Nobel Prize–winning

This is a document about Hayek Lecture
  The Hayek Lecture is hosted annually by the Institute of Economic Affairs in memory of Nobel Prize-winning economist Friedrich Hayek. The first Annual Hayek Memorial Lecture was delivered by Jeffrey Sachs of Harvard University in June 1992. The lecture has been delivered by speakers ranging from academics to religious leaders, from politicians to historians. Subjects have included immigration, private education in the developing world, the economic relationship between China and Europe, and the future of capitalism.

This is a document about Maurice Allais
  Maurice Félix Charles Allais (31 May 1911 – 9 October 2010) was a French physicist and economist, the 1988 winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences "for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources", for Maurice Allais contribution, along with John Hicks (Value and Capital, 1939) and Paul Samuelson (The Foundations of Economic Analysis, 1947), to neoclassical synthesis. They formalize the self-regulation of markets, that Keynes refuted, while reiterating some of his ideas. Born in Paris, France, Allais attended the Lycée Lakanal, graduated from the École Polytechnique in Paris and studied at the École nationale supérieure

This is a document about Pedagogy
  John Amos Comenius (28 March 1592 – 15 November 1670) is considered the father of modern education.

This is a document about Binyamin Appelbaum
  His first book, The Economists' Hour, was published in September 2019. The book "traces the rise of the economists, first in the United States and then around the globe, as their ideas reshaped the modern world, curbing government, unleashing corporations and hastening globalization."

This is a document about Foundation for Economic Education
  Murray Rothbard was influenced by FEE economist Baldy Harper and credited FEE with creating a "crucial open center" for a libertarian movement. Friedrich Hayek saw FEE as part of the inspiration for the formation of the Mont Pelerin Society in 1947, and FEE also provided a financial subsidy to the society. Hayek encouraged Antony Fisher to found the Institute of Economic Affairs after visiting FEE in 1952. Ludwig von Mises had a "long-term association with the Foundation for Economic Education." According to the 2020 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report (Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program, University of Pennsylvania), FEE is number 55 in the "Top Think Tanks in the United States" (Table 7 – out of 110).

This is a document about Education economics
   Education economics or the economics of education is the study of economic issues relating to education, including the demand for education, the financing and provision of education, and the comparative efficiency of various educational programs and policies. From early works on the relationship between schooling and labor market outcomes for individuals, the field of the economics of education has grown rapidly to cover virtually all areas with linkages to education.

This is a document about Economist
 Adam Smith, Scottish economist and philosopher. Known as father of economics. ; John Maynard Keynes, English economist well known for forming the basis of Keynesian economics ; Amartya Sen (b. 1933), Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences laureate and professor at Harvard University. ; Kenneth Arrow, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences laureate and professor at Stanford University. ; Robert Aumann (b. 1930), Israeli-American mathematician, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 2005 ; B. R. Ambedkar, who was an Indian scholar, jurist, economist, politician and social reformer. The Reserve Bank of India was conceptualized in accordance with the guidelines presented by Ambedkar to the Hilton Young Commission (also known as Royal Commission on Indian Currency

This is a document about Harold Luhnow
  When William Volker died in 1947, his will added $15 million of his assets to the already sizable William Volker Charities Fund. Luhnow took primary control of the trust. He also took control the William Volker & Co. In 1952, Luhnow moved the headquarters of the fund and the company to Burlingame, California. Luhnow used Volker Fund assets to support bringing schools associated with the Austrian School of economics to U.S. institutions. He "paid [Ludwig von] Mises's salary at New York University; he paid F. A. Hayek's salary at the University of Chicago; he funded lectures that Milton and Rose Friedman turned into Capitalism and Freedom and he approved the grant that enabled Murray Rothbard to write

This is a document about Argentine Association of Political Economy
  The AAEP was founded by professors in economics or law Aldo Ferrer, Roberto Alemann, July Broide, Benjamin Cornejo, John J. Guaresti (h), Charles C. Helbling, Carlos Moyano Llerena, Julio H. G. Olivera, Federico Pinedo (f.), Oreste Popescu, Ovid Schiopetto, Francisco Valsecchi, the engineer Francisco Garcia Olano and the journalist John E. Alemann. The origins of the AAEP invitations back to Drs. Jöhr Adolph and Louis Baudin, in the mid-1950s, the Oreste Popescu and Julius H. G. Olivera (*). Jöhr and Baudin, then belonging to the International Economic Association, suggested constitute a representative association of researchers in political economy. Popescu initiatives and Olivera were crystallized on 26 September 1957, with the decision to create the AAEP. Olivera carried out the execution of the foundation, which formally took place on 18 November of the same period.

This is a document about History of economic thought
   In 1895 the London School of Economics (LSE) was founded by Fabian Society members Sidney Webb (1859–1947), Beatrice Webb (1858–1943), and George Bernard Shaw (1856–1950), joining the University of London in 1900. In the 1930s LSE member Sir Roy G.D. Allen (1906–1983) popularized the use of mathematics in economics.

This is a document about London International College
  The International Education Society was organized in 1863, primarily by Liberal politician and industrialist Richard Cobden, who hoped international education could help eliminate war and promote free trade (an idea that had been discussed by a number of like-minded individuals at the 1855 Paris Exposition). Cobden died before the school opened, but William Ellis provided funding to complete the school's construction. The College's buildings were completed in 1866, and it officially opened in 1867, with classicist Leonhard Schmitz as the first headmaster. It engaged in a number of other educational experiments besides the focus on internationalism: it eliminated corporal punishment, and instituted an unusually science-focused curriculum, developed with noted scientists Thomas Henry Huxley and John Tyndall on

This is a document about History of economic thought
   John Maynard Keynes (1883–1946) was born in Cambridge, educated at Eton, and supervised by both A. C. Pigou and Alfred Marshall at Cambridge University. He began his career as a lecturer before working for the British government during the Great War, rising to be the British government's financial representative at the Versailles Conference, where he profoundly disagreed with the decisions made. His observations were laid out in his book The Economic Consequences of the Peace (1919), where he documented his outrage at the collapse of American adherence to the Fourteen Points and the mood of vindictiveness that prevailed towards Germany., and he resigned from the conference, using extensive economic

The birth of economics of education was announced by Thomas John Bentley in 1903 when he created the Faculty of Economics at the University of Cambridge. However, the concept of education economics as a distinct field can be traced back to the works of Adam Smith and the classical economists in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The modern form of education economics as a field of study and research emerged in the late 20th century.


Question: where did the first forms of money begin

Answer: at least 9000 BC

This is a document about Finance
   The origin of finance can be traced to the start of civilization. The earliest historical evidence of finance is dated to around 3000 BC. Banking originated in the Babylonian empire, where temples and palaces were used as safe places for the storage of valuables. Initially, the only valuable that could be deposited was grain, but cattle and precious materials were eventually included. During the same period, the Sumerian city of Uruk in Mesopotamia supported trade by lending as well as the use of interest. In Sumerian, “interest” was mas, which translates to "calf". In Greece and Egypt, the words used for interest, tokos and ms respectively, meant “to give birth”. In these cultures, interest

This is a document about Currency
  Originally money was a form of receipt, representing grain stored in temple granaries in Sumer in ancient Mesopotamia and in Ancient Egypt. In this first stage of currency, metals were used as symbols to represent value stored in the form of commodities. This formed the basis of trade in the Fertile Crescent for over 1500 years. However, the collapse of the Near Eastern trading system pointed to a flaw: in an era where there was no place that was safe to store value, the value of a circulating medium could only be as sound as the forces that defended that store. A trade could only reach as far

This is a document about Personal selling
  The earliest forms of exchange involved bartering systems. However, the advent of coinage enabled exchange to occur more efficiently and over much larger distances. The earliest references to selling, involving coin-based exchange, comes from Herodotus who noted that "The Lydians were the first people we know of to use a gold and silver coinage and to introduce the retail trade." This implies that selling and buying, originated in the 7th century BCE, in the area now known as Turkey. From there, selling spread along Mediterranean, and then diffused throughout the civilized world. The Socratic philosophers expressed some concerns about the new type of selling in around the 4th century

This is a document about 700 BC
 Money emerged about the year 700 BC

This is a document about Trade
   The first instances of money were objects with intrinsic value. This is called commodity money and includes any commonly available commodity that has intrinsic value; historical examples include pigs, rare seashells, whale's teeth, and (often) cattle. In medieval Iraq, bread was used as an early form of money. In Mexico under Montezuma, cocoa beans were money. Currency was introduced as standardised money to facilitate a wider exchange of goods and services. This first stage of currency, where metals were used to represent stored value, and symbols to represent commodities, formed the basis of trade in the Fertile Crescent for over 1500 years. Numismatists have examples of coins from the earliest large-scale societies, although these were initially unmarked lumps of precious metal.

This is a document about History of money
  Many cultures around the world developed the use of commodity money, that is, objects that have value in themselves as well as value in their use as money. Ancient China, Africa, and India used cowry shells. The Mesopotamian civilization developed a large-scale economy based on commodity money. The shekel was the unit of weight and currency, first recorded c. 3000 BC, which was nominally equivalent to a specific weight of barley that was the preexisting and parallel form of currency. The Babylonians and their neighboring city states later developed the earliest system of economics as we think of it today, in terms of rules on debt, legal contracts and law codes relating to business practices and private

This is a document about Money
  and Australia used shell money – often, the shells of the cowry (Cypraea moneta L. or C. annulus L.). According to Herodotus, the Lydians were the first people to introduce the use of gold and silver coins. It is thought by modern scholars that these first stamped coins were minted around 650 to 600 BC.  The system of commodity money eventually evolved into a system of representative money. This occurred because gold and silver merchants or banks would issue receipts to their depositors – redeemable for the commodity money deposited. Eventually, these receipts became generally accepted as a means of payment and were used as money.

This is a document about Debt: The First 5000 Years
  standard economics texts dating back to Adam Smith. To support this, he cites numerous historical, ethnographic and archaeological studies. He also claims that the standard economics texts cite no evidence for suggesting that barter came before money, credit and debt, and he has seen no credible reports suggesting such. The primary theme of the book is that excessive popular indebtedness has sometimes led to unrest, insurrection, and revolt. He argues that credit systems originally developed as means of account long before the advent of coinage, which appeared around 600 BC. Credit can still be seen operating in non-monetary economies. Barter, on the other hand, seems primarily to have been

This is a document about History of money
  Money emerged when the increasing complexity of transactions made it useful. The Code of Hammurabi, the best-preserved ancient law code, was created c. 1760 BC (middle chronology) in ancient Babylon. It was enacted by the sixth Babylonian king, Hammurabi. Earlier collections of laws include the code of Ur-Nammu, king of Ur (c. 2050 BC), the Code of Eshnunna (c. 1930 BC) and the code of Lipit-Ishtar of Isin (c. 1870 BC). These law codes formalized the role of money in civil society. They set amounts of interest on debt, fines for "wrongdoing", and compensation in money for various infractions of formalized law. It has long been assumed that metals, where available, were favored for use as proto-money

This is a document about Central bank
  The use of money as a unit of account predates history. Government control of money is documented in the ancient Egyptian economy (2750–2150 BCE). The Egyptians measured the value of goods with a central unit called shat. Like many other currencies, the shat was linked to gold. The value of a shat in terms of goods was defined by government administrations. Other cultures in Asia Minor later materialized their currencies in the form of gold and silver coins. In the medieval and the early modern period a network of professional banks was established in Southern and Central Europe. The institutes built a

This is a document about History of money
  The invention of money took place before the beginning of written history. Consequently, any story of how money first developed is mostly based on conjecture and logical inference. The significant evidence establishes many things were bartered in ancient markets that could be described as a medium of exchange. These included livestock and grain–things directly useful in themselves – but also merely attractive items such as cowrie shells or beads were exchanged for more useful commodities. However, such exchanges would be better described as barter, and the common bartering of a particular commodity (especially when the commodity items are not fungible)

This is a document about Criticism of value-form
  Neo-Chartalists argue however that, although we will never be certain, for lack of definite archaeological proofs, about the origins of money, the first instances of units of account are debt markets, the so-called "tally sticks" in antiquity. Money issued is always debt issued, and, therefore, the notion that money originated as a means of exchange first is regarded as false.

This is a document about List of Dutch inventions and innovations
   Prior to the 17th century most money was commodity money, typically gold or silver. However, promises to pay were widely circulated and accepted as value at least five hundred years earlier in both Europe and Asia. The Song dynasty was the first to issue generally circulating paper currency, while the Yuan dynasty was the first to use notes as the predominant circulating medium. In 1455, in an effort to control inflation, the succeeding Ming dynasty ended the use of paper money and closed much of Chinese trade. The medieval European Knights Templar ran an early prototype of a central banking system, as their promises to pay were widely respected, and many regard their activities as having laid the basis for the modern banking system. As the first

This is a document about History of money
  in some cases societies may have used money of exchange before developing a local money of account. In societies where foreign trade was rare money of exchange may have appeared much later than money of account. In early Mesopotamia copper was used in trade for a while but was soon superseded by silver. The temple (which financed and controlled most foreign trade) fixed exchange rates between barley and silver, and other important commodities, which enabled payment using any of them. It also enabled the extensive use of accounting in managing the whole economy, which led to the development of writing and thus the beginning of history.

This is a document about International monetary system
  Throughout history, precious metals such as gold and silver have been used for trade, sometimes in the form of bullion, and from early history the coins of various issuers – generally kingdoms and empires – have been traded. The earliest known records of pre-coinage use of precious metals for monetary exchange are from Mesopotamia and Egypt, dating from the third millennium BC. Early money took many forms, apart from bullion; for instance bronze spade money which became common in Zhou dynasty China in the late 7th century BC. At that time, forms of money were also developed in Lydia in Asia Minor, from where its use spread

This is a document about Roman Republican currency
  Before the introduction of coinage in Italy the two important forms of value in the economy were sheep (pecus), from which the Latin word for money (pecunia) is believed by some to have been derived, and irregularly shaped pieces of bronze known as aes rude (rough bronze) which needed to be weighed for each transaction. It is unclear when money became commonly used, but Roman tradition recorded that pay of the army began during the siege of Veii in 406 BC and it appears that Aes rude was the currency well before this. Toward the end of the 4th century BC bronze began to be cast in flat bars

This is a document about Economic history of the world
  of various commodities that was fixed in a legal code. The early law codes from Sumer could be considered the first (written) financial law, and had many attributes still in use in the current price system today. Temples are history's first documented creditors at interest, beginning in Sumer in the third millennium. Later, in their embassy functions, they legitimized profit‑seeking trade, as well as by being a major beneficiary. According to Herodotus, and most modern scholars, the Lydians were the first people to introduce the use of gold and silver coin around 650–600 BC. The first economist (at least from within opinion generated by the evidence of extant writings) is considered to be Hesiod, by the fact

This is a document about History of banking
  The history of banking is intertwined with the history of money. Ancient types of money known as grain-money and food cattle-money were used from a time of around at least 9000 BC, as two of the earliest things that could be used for the purposes of barter. Anatolian obsidian as a raw material for Stone Age tools was being distributed from as early as about 12,500 BCE. The occurrence of an organized trade was current during the 9th millennium (Cauvin;Chataigner 1989). Within Sardinia, which was the location of one of the four main sites for sourcing the material deposits of obsidian within the Mediterranean, trade using obsidian was replaced during the 3rd millennia by trade of copper and silver.

This is a document about Silver standard
  The use of commodity money can be traced to the cultures of the Bronze Age c 3300 BC, with bronze, silver and gold being the most prominent. However, the first commodity to satisfy all the functions of money was silver under the Sumerians of Mesopotamia as early as 3100 BC. Shortly after they developed writing c 3300 BC the Sumerians recorded the use of silver as the standard of value c 3100 to 2500 BC along with barley. Sometime before 2500 BC the silver shekel became their standard currency, with tablets recording the price of timber, grains, salaries, slaves etc. in shekels. For millennia it was also silver, not gold, which was the real basis of the domestic economies: the foundation for most money-of-account systems, for payment of wages

This is a document about Commodity market
  Commodity-based money and commodity markets in a crude early form are believed to have originated in Sumer between 4500 BC and 4000 BC. Sumerians first used clay tokens sealed in a clay vessel, then clay writing tablets to represent the amount—for example, the number of goats, to be delivered. These promises of time and date of delivery resemble futures contract. Early civilizations variously used pigs, rare seashells, or other items as commodity money. Since that time traders have sought ways to simplify and standardize trade contracts. Gold and silver markets evolved in classical civilizations. At first, the precious metals were valued for their beauty and intrinsic worth and were associated with royalty. In time, they were used for trading and were exchanged for

The first forms of money began in ancient civilizations such as Sumer, Egypt, and Greece around 3000 BC. They were initially represented by commodities like grain, cattle, and precious metals. The use of commodities as money allowed for the exchange of goods and services over long distances, but the value of the money was only as strong as the forces defending the place where it was stored. The first recorded use of coinage was in Lydia, a region in modern-day Turkey, around 700 BC.