Question: who played lead guitar for the rolling stones

Answer: Mick Taylor

This is a document about Brian Jones
  Lewis Brian Hopkin Jones (28 February 1942 – 3 July 1969) was an English musician and composer, best known as the founder and original leader of the Rolling Stones. Initially a slide guitarist, Jones went on to play a wide variety of instruments on Rolling Stones recordings and in concerts, from lead and rhythm guitar and sitar to various keyboard and wind instruments. After he founded the Rolling Stones as a British blues outfit in 1962, and gave the band its name, Jones's fellow band members Keith Richards and Mick Jagger began to take over the band's musical direction, especially after they

This is a document about July 1969
 The Rolling Stones performed a live rock concert in front of at least 250,000 fans (and by some estimates, almost 500,000) at Hyde Park in London. The event was their first public concert in more than two years, and had originally been planned as the debut of guitarist Mick Taylor, who had joined the Stones after Brian Jones had quit the band in May.  Sadly, Jones had died in an accident two days before the Hyde Park Festival.  Lead singer Mick Jagger opened the show with a tribute to his late friend, telling the crowd to "Cool it for a

This is a document about A Bigger Bang
  band's principal songwriting and production team of vocalist Mick Jagger and Keith Richards. Joining the two were band members Ronnie Wood on guitar and Charlie Watts on drums, contract players Darryl Jones on bass and Chuck Leavell on keyboards, and multi-instrumentalist Matt Clifford. Most of the basic tracks were recorded as a simple trio of Jagger, Richards, and Watts, with overdubs added later by other players. The back-to-basics method of recording the album paid off for the Stones, who saw the album reach number three in the US, number two in the UK, and number one in eleven countries around the world. The lead

This is a document about The Rolling Stones
  The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London in 1962. Active for almost six decades, they are one of the most popular and enduring bands of the rock era. In the early 1960s, the Rolling Stones pioneered the gritty, heavier-driven sound that came to define hard rock. Their first stable line-up comprised vocalist Mick Jagger, multi-instrumentalist Brian Jones, guitarist Keith Richards, bassist Bill Wyman, and drummer Charlie Watts. During their formative years Jones was the primary leader: he assembled the band, named it, and drove their sound and image. After Andrew Loog Oldham became the group's manager in 1963, he

This is a document about Keith Richards
  Keith Richards (born 18 December 1943), often referred to during the 1960s and 1970s as Keith Richard, is an English musician, singer, and songwriter, who has achieved international fame as the co-founder, guitarist, secondary vocalist, and co-principal songwriter of the Rolling Stones. His songwriting partnership with Mick Jagger is one of the most successful in history. Richards is widely considered one of the greatest guitarists of all time. His career spans over six decades and his guitar playing style has been a trademark of the Rolling Stones throughout the band's career. Richards gained press notoriety for his romantic involvements, illicit

This is a document about All-Stars (band)
  In late 1962, The Rolling Stones were beginning to gain a following as a new band on the London blues scene. At the time, the band consisted of vocalist Mick Jagger, guitarists Keith Richards and Brian Jones, and pianist Ian Stewart. The group played with a number of different bassists and drummers during this period, including members of the Cyril Davies All-Stars Carlo Little and Ricky Fenson. Little and Fenson made a strong impression on the younger musicians, and were repeatedly asked to join the band, but the Stones at the time couldn't afford to match what they were earning with the All-Stars. After finally recruiting permanent bassist Bill Wyman in December 1962 and drummer Charlie

This is a document about Sticky Fingers
  zipper that opened to reveal underwear fabric. The cover was expensive to produce and damaged the vinyl record, so later re-issues featured just the outer photograph of the jeans. The album featured a return to basics for the Rolling Stones. The unusual instrumentation introduced several albums prior was absent; most songs featuring drums, guitar, bass, and percussion as provided by the key members: Mick Jagger (lead vocal, various percussion and rhythm guitar), Keith Richards (guitar and backing vocal), Mick Taylor (guitar), Bill Wyman (bass guitar), and Charlie Watts (drums). Additional contributions were made by long-time Stones collaborators including saxophonist Bobby Keys and keyboardists Billy Preston, Jack Nitzsche, Ian Stewart, and Nicky Hopkins. As with the other

This is a document about Keith Richards
  Richards plays both lead and rhythm guitar parts, often in the same song; the Stones are generally known for their guitar interplay of rhythm and lead ("weaving") between him and the other guitarist in the band – Brian Jones (1962–1969), Mick Taylor (1969–1975), or Ronnie Wood (1975–present). In the recording studio Richards sometimes plays all of the guitar parts, notably on the songs "Paint It Black", "Ruby Tuesday", "Sympathy for the Devil", and "Gimme Shelter". He is also a vocalist, singing backing vocals on many Rolling Stones songs as well as occasional lead vocals, such as on the Rolling Stones' 1972 single "Happy", as well as with his side project, the X-Pensive Winos.

This is a document about Mick Jagger
  Sir Michael Philip Jagger (born 26 July 1943) is an English singer, songwriter, actor, and film producer who has achieved international fame as the lead vocalist and one of the founder members of the Rolling Stones. His songwriting partnership with Keith Richards is one of the most successful in history. Jagger's career has spanned over six decades, and he has been described as "one of the most popular and influential frontmen in the history of rock & roll". His distinctive voice and energetic live performances, along with Keith Richards' guitar style, have been the Rolling Stones's trademark throughout the band's career. Jagger gained press notoriety for his romantic involvements

This is a document about Goats Head Soup
  by Jimmy Miller who was a key architect of the Rolling Stones sound during their most acclaimed period which began with 1968's Beggars Banquet. Bass guitarist Bill Wyman only appears on three of the album's ten tracks, but the rest of the Rolling Stones, lead vocalist Mick Jagger, lead guitarist Keith Richards, guitarist Mick Taylor and drummer Charlie Watts, play on every track, with the exception of "Winter", which does not feature Richards. In addition to the main band, the standard cadre of Rolling Stones collaborators also play extensively on the album, including saxophonist Bobby Keys, organist Billy Preston, and pianists Nicky Hopkins and Ian Stewart. Goats

This is a document about Tumbling Dice
 Mick Jagger – lead vocals, rhythm guitar ; Keith Richards – lead and rhythm guitars, backing vocals ; Mick Taylor – slide guitar, bass ; Charlie Watts – drums Jimmy Miller – producer, drums (coda) ; Nicky Hopkins – piano ; Bobby Keys – saxophone ; Jim Price – trumpet, trombone ; Clydie King, Venetta Fields, Sherlie Matthews – backing vocals ; Andy Johns, Glyn Johns, Joe Zagarino, Jeremy Gee – sound engineers ; Robin Millar – assistant sound engineer Credits per Margotin and Guesdon. The Rolling Stones Additional musicians and production

This is a document about Black and Blue
  The Rolling Stones returned to Munich, Germany, in December 1974—where they had recorded their previous album It's Only Rock 'n' Roll—and began the recording of their new album at Musicland Studios, with Mick Jagger and Keith Richards (as the Glimmer Twins) producing again. With a view to releasing it in time for a summer 1975 Tour of the Americas, the band broke for the holidays and returned in January in Rotterdam, Netherlands, to continue working—all the while auditioning new guitarists as they recorded. Among the hopefuls were Steve Marriott, Harvey Mandel, Wayne Perkins, Peter Frampton, and Ronnie Wood (although only Mandel, Perkins and Wood's guitar work would appear on the finished album). Guitar heroes Rory Gallagher and Jeff Beck

This is a document about Keith Richards
  Chris Spedding calls Richards's guitar playing "direct, incisive and unpretentious". Richards says he focuses on chords and rhythms, avoiding flamboyant and competitive virtuosity and trying not to be the "fastest gun in the west". Richards prefers teaming with at least one other guitarist and has almost never toured without one. Chuck Berry has been an inspiration for Richards, and, with Jagger, he introduced Berry's songs to the Rolling Stones' early repertoire. In the late 1960s Brian Jones's declining contributions led Richards to record all guitar parts on many tracks, including slide guitar. Jones's replacement, Mick Taylor, played guitar with the Rolling Stones from 1969 to 1974. Taylor's virtuosity on lead guitar led to a pronounced separation between lead and rhythm guitar

This is a document about Get Yer Ya-Ya's Out! The Rolling Stones in Concert
  The Rolling Stones 1969 American Tour's trek during November into December, with Terry Reid, B.B. King (replaced on some dates by Chuck Berry) and Ike and Tina Turner as supporting acts, played to packed houses. The tour was the first for Mick Taylor with the Stones, having replaced Brian Jones shortly before Jones's death in July; this was also the first album where he appeared fully and prominently, having only featured on two songs on Let It Bleed. It was also the last tour to feature just the Stones – the band proper, along with co-founder, road manager and session/touring pianist Ian Stewart

This is a document about Exile on Main St.
 Mick Jagger – lead vocals, backing vocals; harmonica (on "Shake Your Hips", "Sweet Virginia", "Sweet Black Angel", "Turd on the Run" and "Stop Breaking Down"); electric guitar (on "Tumbling Dice" and "Stop Breaking Down") ; Keith Richards – guitars, backing vocals; bass guitar (on "Casino Boogie", "Happy" and "Soul Survivor"); electric piano (on "I Just Want to See His Face"); lead vocals (on "Happy") ; Mick Taylor – guitars (on all but "Tumbling Dice", "Torn and Frayed" and "Happy"); bass guitar (on "Tumbling Dice", "Torn and Frayed", "I Just Want to See His Face" and "Shine a Light") ; Bill Wyman – bass guitar (on "Rocks Off", "Shake Your Hips", "Sweet Virginia", "Sweet

This is a document about Metamorphosis (Rolling Stones album)
  lead guitar ; Line up: Mick Jagger (vocals), Keith Richards (guitar), Mick Taylor (guitar), Charlie Watts (drums), Bill Wyman (bass), Nicky Hopkins (piano), Jon Tiven (congas) Recorded on 23 April 1969 as a Let It Bleed outtake under the original title "Lisle Street Lucie". It features Ry Cooder on open G tuned guitar. Song written by Bill Wyman. Recorded on 28 June 1968 as a Beggars Banquet outtake. ; Line up: Mick Jagger (vocals), Keith Richards (guitars), Charlie Watts (drums), Bill Wyman (bass), Nicky Hopkins (piano), Jimmy Miller (percussion) Recorded on 17 November 1968; a different take was released as a Mick Jagger solo single in October 1970

This is a document about Live Aid
  first act to play the American side of the concert after the London finale and "since this is, after all, JFK Stadium". When Bob Dylan broke a guitar string, while playing with the Rolling Stones members Keith Richards and Ronnie Wood, Wood took off his own guitar and gave it to Dylan. Wood was left standing on stage guitarless. After shrugging to the audience, he played air guitar, even mimicking the Who's Pete Townshend by swinging his arm in wide circles, until a stagehand brought him a replacement. The performance was included in the DVD, including the guitar switch and Wood talking to stage hands, but much of the footage used was close-ups of either Dylan or Richards.

This is a document about Paint It Black
 Mick Jagger – lead vocal, harmony vocal, writer ; Keith Richards – harmony vocal, acoustic guitar, lead guitar, writer ; Brian Jones – sitar, acoustic guitar ; Bill Wyman – bass, Hammond organ, maracas, cowbell ; Charlie Watts – drums, tambourine, castanets Jack Nitzsche – piano ; Dave Hassinger – sound engineer ; Andrew Loog Oldham – producer Recorded at RCA Studios (Los Angeles) According to authors Andy Babiuk and Greg Prevost, except where noted: The Rolling Stones  Additional musicians and production  In Philippe Margotin and Jean-Michel Guesdon's book The Rolling Stones All the Songs, they add a question mark after Jones' guitar contribution and credit "tambourine, bongos, castanets" to "unidentified musicians". In the book Rolling Stones Gear by Babiuk and Prevost, they credit an acoustic guitar contribution to Jones, maracas and cowbell to Wyman and tambourine and castanets to Watts. Studio locations

This is a document about List of songs recorded by the Rolling Stones
  The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in 1962. They have released 25 studio albums through 2016 and recorded 422 songs. The original lineup consisted of multi-instrumentalist Brian Jones, lead vocalist Mick Jagger, guitarist Keith Richards, bass guitarist Bill Wyman, drummer Charlie Watts, and keyboardist Ian Stewart. Stewart was dismissed from the lineup in 1963 but continued to serve as their road manager and de facto keyboard player. Following Jones' death in 1969, Mick Taylor took over lead guitar duties until 1974, when he quit the group over issues of songwriting credits. He was replaced by ex Faces guitarist Ronnie Wood. The band were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1989. The group continues to write, tour, and produce to this day.

This is a document about Eric Easton
  In 1963, The Rolling Stones comprised bandleader Jones (guitar, harmonica, keyboards), Jagger (lead vocals, harmonica), Richards (guitar, vocals), Wyman (bass guitar), Charlie Watts (drums), and Ian Stewart (piano). Oldham had seen them play the Crawdaddy Club, Richmond that April and was impressed, thinking they would fill a gap in the British music scene. The Stones were the Crawdaddy's house band, under the aegis of the club's owner Giorgio Gomelsky, who had already "got them eulogized by Record Mirror... [and] was their manager in every way other than writing". At 19 years old, Oldham was too young to hold a band manager's licence, and as such he "trawl[ed]

Keith Richards played lead guitar for the Rolling Stones.


Question: how many movies does the twilight series have

Answer: five

This is a document about The Twilight Saga (film series)
  The Twilight Saga is a series of five vampire-themed romance fantasy films from Summit Entertainment based on the four novels published by author Stephenie Meyer. The films star Kristen Stewart, Robert Pattinson and Taylor Lautner. The series has grossed over $3.4 billion worldwide. The first installment, Twilight, was released on November 21, 2008. The second installment, New Moon, followed on November 20, 2009, breaking box office records as the biggest midnight screening and opening day in history, grossing an estimated $72.7 million. The third installment, Eclipse, was released on June 30, 2010, and was the first of the series to be released in IMAX. The series had been in development since 2004 at Paramount Pictures, during which time a screen adaptation of Twilight that differed significantly from the novel was written. Three years later, Summit Entertainment acquired the rights to the film. After Twilight grossed $35.7 million on its opening day, Summit Entertainment announced they would begin production on New Moon; they had acquired the rights to the remaining novels earlier that same month. A two-part adaptation of Breaking Dawn began shooting in November 2010 with release dates of November 18, 2011, and November 16, 2012, respectively.

This is a document about Twilight (novel series)
  for Favorite Book. In November 2011, the series had sold over 120 million copies worldwide with translations into at least 38 different languages around the globe. The four Twilight books have consecutively set records as the biggest-selling novels of 2008 on the USA Today Best-Selling Books list and have spent over 235 weeks on the New York Times Best Seller list for Children's Series Books. The books have been adapted into The Twilight Saga series of motion pictures by Summit Entertainment. The film adaptations of the first three books were released in 2008, 2009, and 2010 respectively. The fourth book is adapted into two full-length films—the first film being released in November 2011, and the second film in November 2012.

This is a document about The Ex List
  At the Twilight premiere, Elizabeth Reaser announced an international DVD release of the series will include 13 episodes. "I'm still shooting the show, which is odd. The scripts have been rewritten to give [fans] some closure. [Bella] will figure out which ex is the one. I do find the guy, and it's someone we met in an earlier episode."

This is a document about List of The Twilight Saga cast members
  {| class="wikitable" width="100%" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" width="20%" | Character ! colspan="5" align="center" | Films ! Twilight (2008)! New Moon (2009)! Eclipse (2010)! Breaking Dawn – Part 1 (2011)! Breaking Dawn – Part 2 (2012)! colspan="6" |

This is a document about Stephenie Meyer
  the second part on November 16, 2012. Part one of the film received mixed reviews. Part two of the film received more positive reviews with Roger Ebert calling the ending, "sensational". Critics also praised the acting, particularly that of Stewart. The Twilight Saga was successful in the box office. With a combined budget of $373 million, the five-film series earned $3.341 billion worldwide. Despite the commercial success, the films were extensively criticized. Breaking Dawn: Part II won seven Golden Raspberry Awards (Razzie awards) including Worst Picture, Worst Sequel, and Worst Screen Couple (for Taylor Lautner and Mackenzie Foy). The series

This is a document about Erik Feig
  series, Source Code, 50/50 and Letters to Juliet. Feig brought the Twilight book series to Summit after Paramount Pictures passed on it. Although at the time the book had sold only 4,000 copies, Feig noted its strong following online, and its potential to be a franchise for the new studio. He pursued the project and was able to make a deal with author Stephenie Meyer by guaranteeing that the film would be true to her novels. Feig secured the rights to all four books in February 2006. The five films in The Twilight Saga would go on to gross $3.3 billion worldwide and would be the first major roles for Robert Pattinson, Kristen Stewart and Anna Kendrick.

This is a document about The Twilight Saga (film series)
  Twilight grossed over $7 million in ticket sales from midnight showings alone on November 21, 2008. It grossed $35.7 million on its opening day. For its opening weekend in the United States and Canada, Twilight accumulated $69.6 million from 3,419 theaters at an average of $20,368 per theater. The film has made $192.7 million in the United States and Canada, and a further $200.8 million in international territories for a total of $393.6 million worldwide. The film was released on DVD in North America on March 21, 2009 through midnight release parties, and sold over 3 million units in its first day. It has continued to sell units, totaling as of July 2012, making $201,323,629. The Twilight Saga: New Moon set records for advance ticket sales, causing some theaters to add additional showings. The film set records

This is a document about Twilight (novel series)
  The Twilight Saga is a series of four vampire-themed fantasy romance novels, two companion novels, and one novella, written by American author Stephenie Meyer. Released annually from 2005 through 2008, the four books chart the later teen years of Isabella "Bella" Swan, a girl who moves to Forks, Washington, from Phoenix, Arizona and falls in love with a 104-year-old vampire named Edward Cullen. The series is told primarily from Bella's point of view, with the epilogue of Eclipse and Part II of Breaking Dawn being told from the viewpoint of character Jacob Black, a werewolf. The novel Midnight Sun is a retelling of the first book, Twilight, from Edward Cullen's point of view. The novella, The Short Second Life of Bree

This is a document about Twilight (2008 film)
  three years of the project's stagnant development. Melissa Rosenberg wrote a new adaptation of the novel shortly before the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike and sought to be faithful to the novel's storyline. Principal photography took 44 days and was completed on May 2, 2008; the film was primarily shot in Oregon. Twilight was theatrically released on November 21, 2008; it grossed over US$393 million worldwide. It was released on DVD March 21, 2009 and became the most purchased DVD of the year. The soundtrack was released on November 4, 2008. Following the film's success, New Moon and Eclipse, the next two novels in the series, were produced as films the following year.

This is a document about Twilight (2008 film)
  Twilight grossed over $7 million in ticket sales from midnight showings alone on November 21, 2008. The film is fifth overall on Fandango's list of top advance ticket sales, outranked only by its sequel the following year, Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (2005), The Dark Knight (2008), and Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2009). It grossed $35.7 million on its opening day. For its opening weekend in the United States and Canada, Twilight accumulated $69.6 million from 3,419 theaters at an average of $20,368 per theater. The film grossed $192,769,854 in the United States and Canada, and $214,417,861 in international territories for a total of $407,187,715. Its opening weekend gross was the highest ever of a female-directed film, surpassing that of Deep Impact (1998).

This is a document about Twilight (1998 film)
  Twilight was released in theatres on March 6, 1998, in 1,351 theatres in the U.S., and made $5,866,411 in its opening weekend. While the film featured many notable A-list actors, Twilight's budget of $20 million and gross revenue of $15,055,091 indicates that it was a box office bomb after being in theatres for eight weeks.

This is a document about Summit Entertainment
  office and made $182,492,056 worldwide. In November 2009, Summit released the sequel to Twilight titled The Twilight Saga: New Moon, also based on the popular novel by Stephenie Meyer, breaking box office records for first weekend grosses at the time, taking in $142,839,137 in the first three days (which is No. 13 on the all-time opening grosses list). In June 2010 Summit released the third film of the Twilight series, The Twilight Saga: Eclipse. It broke a midnight screening record of over $30 million and set a one-day Wednesday record of $68.5 million but failed to surpass the one-day tally of $72 million set by New

This is a document about The Twilight Saga (film series)
  Twilight was directed by Catherine Hardwicke and written by Melissa Rosenberg. It focuses on the development of a personal relationship between teenager Bella Swan (Kristen Stewart) and vampire Edward Cullen (Robert Pattinson), and the subsequent efforts of Edward and his family to keep Bella safe from a separate group of hostile vampires. Edward refuses to grant Bella's request to transform her into a vampire so that they can be together forever, arguing that she should have a normal human life. The film was released theatrically starting on November 21, 2008. It grossed $35.7 million on its opening day, and has come to gross US$393.6 million worldwide. The DVD was released on March 21, 2009 and grossed an additional $238 million from sales. The Blu-ray disc edition of the film was released on March 21, 2009, in select locations, but was made more widely available at further retailers on May 5, 2009, grossing over $26 million; getting to a total of over $264 million in home media sales.

This is a document about Asterix
  The series has been adapted into various media. There are 18 films, 15 board games, 40 video games, and 1 theme park.

This is a document about PVR Pictures
 The Hurt Locker ; Twilight ; Knowing ; 9 ; A Single Man ; Love Happens ; Blood and Bone ; Astro Boy ; The Twilight Saga: New Moon ; Edge of Darkness ; Remember Me ; The Twilight Saga: Eclipse ; Step Up 3D ; The Eagle ; Drive ; The Collection ; Four Assassins ; Escape Plan ; Demolition ; The Hateful Eight ; American Hustle ; Phantom Thread ; Cold Pursuit ;  Parasite ;  Admission ; Angel Has Fallen ; Hereditary

This is a document about List of The Twilight Saga cast members
 A letter (example: [A]) indicates the subject has a note. When clicked it will lead to the appropriate note ; A dark gray cell indicates the character does not appear  This is a list of the cast members from The Twilight Saga film series, which is based on the novels by Stephenie Meyer. The main stars of the films are Kristen Stewart as Bella Swan, Robert Pattinson as Edward Cullen, and Taylor Lautner as Jacob Black. Twilight (2008) is based on the New York Times best selling novel of the same name (2005) and was directed by Catherine Hardwicke. The second film, The Twilight Saga: New Moon (2009) is based on the first book's sequel (2006). It was directed by Chris Weitz. The third film, The Twilight Saga: Eclipse, directed by David Slade, was released on June 30, 2010. and is based on the third installment in the series

This is a document about Twilight (novel series)
  (2008). In its first week after publication, the first sequel, New Moon, debuted at #5 on the New York Times Best Seller List for Children's Chapter Books, and in its second week rose to the #1 position, where it remained for the next eleven weeks. In total, it spent over 50 weeks on the list. After the release of Eclipse, the first three "Twilight" books spent a combined 143 weeks on the New York Times Best Seller List. The fourth installment of the Twilight series, Breaking Dawn, was released with an initial print run of 3.7 million copies. Over 1.3

This is a document about Twilight (Meyer novel)
  Meyer's inquiry letter was initially rejected by 14 agents. Eight publishers competed for the rights to publish Twilight in the 2003 auction. Little, Brown and Company originally bid for $300,000, but Meyer's agent asked for $1 million; the publishers finally settled on $750,000 for three books. Twilight was published in 2005 with a print run of 75,000 copies. It debuted at #5 on the New York Times Best Seller list within a month of its release, and later peaked at #1. Foreign rights to the novel were sold to over 26 countries. In October 2008, Twilight was ranked #26 in

This is a document about Summit Entertainment
  In 2007, Summit Entertainment launched its own home video division that was headed by Bobby Gerber, former employee of Warner Home Video, with Universal distributing for physical distribution of discs and Summit retained control of sales, marking and replication for their home video product. After a string of flops including P2, Never Back Down and Sex Drive, Summit found success in November 2008 with the release of Twilight, a teen romance about vampires based on the best-selling book of the same name by Stephenie Meyer that made $408,773,703 worldwide. In the spring of 2009, Summit released Knowing, the company's second movie to open #1 at the

This is a document about The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1
  The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 grossed $281,287,133 in North America and $430,884,723 in other countries, bringing its worldwide total to $712,171,856. It earned a franchise-best $291.0 million on its worldwide opening weekend, marking the tenth-largest worldwide opening of all time. It reached $500 million worldwide in 12 days, a record time for the franchise. It ranks as the fourth-highest-grossing film of 2011 worldwide and the second-highest-grossing film of the franchise. The film is also currently the fiftieth-highest-grossing film of all time.

The Twilight series consists of five movies: "Twilight" (2008), "New Moon" (2009), "Eclipse" (2010), "Breaking Dawn – Part 1" (2011), and "Breaking Dawn – Part 2" (2012).


Question: who was the lead architect that designed the world trade center and when was he born

Answer: December 1 , 1912

This is a document about List of Jewish architects
  architect known for his winning design of the World Trade Center Memorial in New York City. United States ; Ron Arad (Hebrew: רון ארד) (24 April 1951, Tel Aviv, Israel–), is an industrial designer, artist, and architectural designer. Israel ; Shlomo Aronson (Hebrew: שלמה אהרונסון) (27 November 1936, Haifa, Mandatory Palestine–12 September 2018), was an Israeli landscape architect and winner of the Global Award for Sustainable Architecture in 2011. Israel ; David Azrieli, CM CQ (Hebrew: דוד עזריאלי) (10 May 1922, Maków Mazowiecki, Poland–9 July 2014, Ivry-sur-le-Lac, Canada), was a Canadian builder, designer, architect, developer, and philanthropist. Canada, Israel

This is a document about Taro Yamasaki
  Taro Yamasaki was born on December 19, 1945, to Minoru Yamasaki and Teruko Hirashiki in Detroit, Michigan. He is the second of three children. His father, an architect, is best known for designing the World Trade Center; his mother was a pianist who attended the Juilliard School. He attended high school at Cranbrook School in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. When his younger brother built a darkroom in their mother's house, Yamasaki began to experiment with photography. Taro was admitted to the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor where he majored in Journalism. He began taking photographs for the Journalism department's newspaper.

This is a document about World Trade Center (1973–2001)
  The original World Trade Center was a large complex of seven buildings in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City, United States. It opened on April 4, 1973, and was destroyed in 2001 during the September 11 attacks. At the time of their completion, the Twin Towers—the original 1 World Trade Center (the North Tower) at 1368 ft; and 2 World Trade Center (the South Tower) at 1,362 ft—were the tallest buildings in the world. Other buildings in the complex included the Marriott World Trade Center (3 WTC), 4 WTC, 5 WTC, 6 WTC, and 7 WTC. The

This is a document about THINK Team
 Frederic Schwartz (founder) ; Rafael Viñoly ; Shigeru Ban ; Ken Smith David Rockwell ARUP ; Buro Happold The THINK Team was a team that consisted of architects, landscape architects, engineers, interactive designers and others who developed several designs for the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation's "Innovative Design Study" that was created in order to involve the public in a creative process to redevelop the World Trade Center site in New York City, after it was destroyed in the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. After a competition that lasted more than six months and included major architecture practices from around the world,

This is a document about Skyscraper
  next fifteen years, many towers were built by Fazlur Rahman Khan and the "Second Chicago School", including the hundred-storey John Hancock Center and the massive 442 m Willis Tower. Other pioneers of this field include Hal Iyengar, William LeMessurier, and Minoru Yamasaki, the architect of the World Trade Center. Many buildings designed in the 70s lacked a particular style and recalled ornamentation from earlier buildings designed before the 50s. These design plans ignored the environment and loaded structures with decorative elements and extravagant finishes. This approach to design was opposed by Fazlur Khan and he considered the designs to be whimsical rather than rational. Moreover,

This is a document about World Trade Center (2001–present)
 Foster and Partners (Norman Foster) ; Studio Daniel Libeskind (Daniel Libeskind) ; Meier Eisenman Gwathmey Holl (Peter Eisenman, Richard Meier, Charles Gwathmey and Steven Holl), sometimes known as "The Dream Team" ; Peterson Littenberg ; Skidmore, Owings & Merrill ; THINK Team (Shigeru Ban, Frederic Schwartz, Ken Smith, Rafael Viñoly) ; United Architects In the months following the attacks, architects and urban planning experts held meetings and forums to discuss ideas for rebuilding the site. Outgoing Mayor Giuliani advocated for a "soaring memorial" to be the only thing at the World Trade Center site during his final speech as mayor. Meanwhile, Larry Silverstein wanted

This is a document about Guy F. Tozzoli
  in World War II and the Korean War. Tozzoli was credited for hiring Minoru Yamasaki to design the World Trade Center complex which was dedicated in April, 1973. Tozzoli retired as Director of the World Trade Department for the Port Authority in 1987, but remained as president of the World Trade Centers Association until January 2011. In 2013 it was disclosed that the Association benefited substantially from the "World Trade Center" name after the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey transferred to the Association in 1987 its local rights to the name for a token fee of $10. By licensing use of the name to its members, including World Trade Center-branded merchandise,

This is a document about World Trade Center site
 Foster and Partners (Norman Foster) ; Studio Daniel Libeskind (Daniel Libeskind) ; Meier Eisenman Gwathmey Holl (Peter Eisenman, Richard Meier, Charles Gwathmey and Steven Holl), known as "The New York Five" ; Skidmore, Owings & Merrill ; THINK Team (Shigeru Ban, Frederic Schwartz, Ken Smith, Rafael Viñoly) ; United Architects In an August 2002 press release, the LMDC announced a design study for the World Trade Center site. The following month, the LMDC, along with New York New Visions – a coalition of 21 architecture, engineering, planning, landscape architecture and design organizations – announced seven semifinalists. The following seven architecture firms were then invited to compete to be the master plan architect for

This is a document about 1970s
  Architecture in the 1970s began as a continuation of styles created by such architects as Frank Lloyd Wright and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Early in the decade, several architects competed to build the tallest building in the world. Of these buildings, the most notable are the John Hancock Center and Sears Tower in Chicago, both designed by Bruce Graham and Fazlur Khan, and the World Trade Center towers in New York by American architect Minoru Yamasaki. The decade also brought experimentation in geometric design, pop-art, postmodernism, and early deconstructivism. Design trends in the 1970s were marked by a backlash against the bright colors and futurism of the

This is a document about John Skilling
  John Skilling (October 8, 1921 in Los Angeles, California – March 5, 1998 in Seattle, Washington) was a civil engineer and architect, best known for being the chief structural engineer of the World Trade Center.

This is a document about World Trade Center site
  overruled the LMDC's decision. On February 27, 2003, Studio Daniel Libeskind officially won the competition to be the master planner for the World Trade Center redesign. Libeskind's original proposal, which is titled Memory Foundations, underwent extensive revisions during collaboration with Larry Silverstein, and Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, whom Silverstein hired. Though Libeskind designed the site, the individual buildings have been designed by different architects. While not all of Liebeskind's ideas were incorporated into the final design, his design and the public support it garnered did solidify the principle that the original footprints of the Twin Towers should be turned into a memorial and not be used for commercial purposes. As a result, Liebeskind's

This is a document about David Childs
  David Magie Childs (born April 1, 1941) is an American architect and chairman emeritus of the architectural firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. He is best known for being the architect of the new One World Trade Center in New York City.

This is a document about Minoru Yamasaki
  Minoru Yamasaki (山崎 實) was an American architect, best known for designing the original World Trade Center in New York City and several other large-scale projects. Yamasaki was one of the most prominent architects of the 20th century. He and fellow architect Edward Durell Stone are generally considered to be the two master practitioners of "New Formalism". During his three-decade career, he or his firm designed over 250 buildings. His firm, Yamasaki & Associates, closed on December 31, 2009.

This is a document about Nisei
  Linkin Park ; Monica Sone (1919–2011), American author of the autobiographical Nisei Daughter ; David Suzuki (born 1936), Canadian academic, science broadcaster and environmental activist ; Shinkichi Tajiri (1923–2009), sculptor ; Atsuko Tanaka (ski jumper) (born 1992), Canadian Olympic ski jumper ; George Takei (born 1937), actor and gay rights activist best known for his role in the television series Star Trek ; Ted T. Tanouye (1919–1944), Medal of Honor recipient in World War II ; Hisaye Yamamoto (1921–2011), author ; Minoru Yamasaki (1912–1986), architect best known for the New York World Trade Center "Twin Towers" ; Karl Yoneda (1906–1999),

This is a document about Gyo Obata
  in the U.S. Army from 1946 to 1947 and working as an architect in the Chicago office of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill from 1947 to 1951, Obata returned to St. Louis in 1951 to join the firm of Minoru Yamasaki, designer of the World Trade Center towers. Four years later, in 1955, he joined architects George Hellmuth and George Kassabaum in establishing the St. Louis-based architecture firm Hellmuth, Obata and Kassabaum. Due in part to Obata's prowess and growing reputation, the firm achieved global renown, and Obata himself has won numerous awards for his designs. Today, HOK has more than 1,800 employees in 23 offices worldwide. In 2010, Obata was featured in a book

This is a document about 7 World Trade Center
  Trade Center master plan by Daniel Libeskind, but was designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill under the leadership of David Childs, who largely redesigned One World Trade Center. Once construction of the power substation was completed in October 2003, work proceeded on building the office tower. An unusual approach was used in constructing the building; erecting the steel frame before adding the concrete core. This approach allowed the construction schedule to be shortened by a few months. Construction was completed in 2006 at a cost of $700 million. Though Silverstein received $861 million from insurance on the old building, he owed more than $400 million on its

This is a document about One World Trade Center
  The construction of the World Trade Center, of which the Twin Towers (One and Two World Trade Center) were the centerpieces, was conceived as an urban renewal project and spearheaded by David Rockefeller. The project was intended to help revitalize Lower Manhattan. The project was planned by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, which hired architect Minoru Yamasaki. He came up with the idea of building twin towers. After extensive negotiations, the New Jersey and New York State governments, which supervise the Port Authority, consented to the construction of the World Trade Center at the Radio Row site, located in the lower-west area of Manhattan. To satisfy the New Jersey

This is a document about One World Trade Center
  One World Trade Center (also known as One World Trade, One WTC, and formerly Freedom Tower) is the main building of the rebuilt World Trade Center complex in Lower Manhattan, New York City. One WTC is the tallest building in the United States, the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere, and the seventh-tallest in the world. The supertall structure has the same name as the North Tower of the original World Trade Center, which was destroyed in the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. The new skyscraper stands on the northwest corner of the 16 acre World Trade Center site, on the site of the original 6 World Trade Center. The building is bounded by West Street to the west, Vesey Street to the north, Fulton Street to the south,

This is a document about One World Trade Center
  David Childs, one of Silverstein's favorite architects, joined the project after Silverstein urged him to do so. He developed a design proposal for One World Trade Center, initially collaborating with Daniel Libeskind. In May 2005, Childs revised the design to address security concerns. He is the architect of the tower, and is responsible for overseeing its day-to-day design and development. Architect Daniel Libeskind won the invitational competition to develop a plan for the new tower in 2002. He gave an initial proposal, which he called "Memory Foundations", for the design of One World Trade Center. His design included aerial gardens, windmills, and off-center spire. Libeskind later denied a request to place the tower in a more rentable location next to the PATH station. He instead placed it another

This is a document about World Trade Center (2001–present)
  One World Trade Center (previously coined the "Freedom Tower" by Governor Pataki) is the centerpiece of Daniel Libeskind's design. The building rises to 1368 ft, the height of the original 1 World Trade Center (The North Tower), and its spire rises to the symbolic height of 1,776 feet (541 m). This height refers to 1776, the year in which the United States Declaration of Independence was signed. The tower was a collaboration between Studio Daniel Libeskind and Skidmore, Owings & Merrill architect David Childs. Childs acted as the design architect and project manager for the tower, and Daniel Libeskind collaborated on the concept and schematic design. The building opened on November 3, 2014. 2 World Trade Center, also known as 200 Greenwich

Minoru Yamasaki was the lead architect who designed the original World Trade Center and he was born on April 19, 1917.


Question: when did leeds united win the fa cup

Answer: 6 May 1972

This is a document about List of Leeds United F.C. seasons
  Leeds United Football Club were founded in October 1919, taking the place in the Midland League vacated by Leeds City Reserves, and were elected to The Football League for the 1920–21 season. They won the Second Division title four years later to gain promotion to the top tier of English football, but had to wait almost 50 years before winning any major silverware, with success in the 1968 Football League Cup Final accompanied by success in Europe in the final of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. The following season brought league success when Leeds won the First Division championship. Their success continued into the 1970s with victory in the 1971 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final, the 1972 FA Cup Final,

This is a document about Football in England
  a winning note by lifting the penultimate Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, and then became the second team of the 20th century to win the double when they clinched the league title and FA Cup in 1971. Their next major trophy came in 1979, when they fought off a late revival from Manchester United at Wembley to win the FA Cup final 3–2. Leeds United added a further league title and Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, as well as their first FA Cup, before Don Revie departed to take over as manager of the England national football team in the summer of 1974, after the Football

This is a document about 1974 FA Charity Shield
  (Liverpool in 1962, Leeds in 1964) and established them as leading members of the First Division. Since Liverpool were promoted in 1962, they had won the league championship three times, the FA Cup twice and the UEFA Cup once. Leeds since promotion in 1964 had won the championship twice, the FA Cup once, the Football League Cup once and the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup twice. The two clubs had previously met at Wembley in May 1965 when Liverpool won the FA Cup for the first time, defeating Leeds 2–1 after extra time in the final. Having won the League championship and the FA Cup respectively in 1973–74, Revie and Shankly both left their

This is a document about History of Leeds United F.C.
  The history of Leeds United Football Club, a professional association football club based in the city of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, dates back to 1919, when the club was established following the demise of Leeds City F.C.. Leeds had their most successful period under the management of Don Revie in the 1960s and 1970s. The club won the English league title twice, the FA Cup once, the League Cup once and the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup twice. They were also finalists in the European Cup Winners Cup in 1973 and the European Cup in 1975. Leeds later won another league title in 1991–92 under manager Howard Wilkinson.

This is a document about Timeline of English football
 Leeds United win the first league championship of their history. ; Manchester City continue their run of success under the management of Joe Mercer by winning the FA Cup. ; Sir Matt Busby retires after 24 years as manager of Manchester United and is replaced by 32-year-old reserve team coach Wilf McGuinness, a surprise choice after big names like Don Revie and Jock Stein had been linked with the job. ; Newcastle United win the European Fairs Cup to end their 14-year wait for a major trophy. ; David Mackay and Tony Book are joint winners of the Football Writers Association (FWA) Player of the Year award.

This is a document about Mick Jones (footballer, born 1945)
  title, and Celtic F.C. beat Leeds home and away in the European Cup semi-finals. In the FA Cup final against Chelsea at Wembley, the game was 1–1 on a bumpy, sandy pitch (due to the Horse of the Year show being held there the previous week). with fewer than ten minutes to play. Jones fired a left foot shot into the net beyond Peter Bonetti. Chelsea, however, equalised quickly so the contest went to a replay at Old Trafford. Leeds took the lead in the first half, when a run by Clarke set Jones on his way towards goal, and he hit right foot shot past Bonetti. Chelsea, however, ended up winning after extra time and Leeds ended

This is a document about Billy Bremner
  on the away goals rule after recording a 2–2 draw at the Stadio Olimpico di Torino and then a 1–1 draw at Elland Road. Leeds finished second in the league for the third successive season in the 1971–72 campaign, despite playing some of the best football in the club's history. They knocked out Bristol Rovers, Liverpool, Cardiff City, Tottenham Hotspur and Birmingham City to reach the 1972 FA Cup Final with Arsenal; they then won the trophy for the first time in the club's history with Allan Clarke scoring the final's only goal. Two days after the final Leeds could have secured

This is a document about 1974 FA Cup Final
  The FA Cup, known officially as The Football Association Challenge Cup, is an annual knockout association football competition in men's domestic English football. Organised by and named after The Football Association (The FA), the tournament was first played during the 1871–72 season and is the world's oldest association football competition. The 1974 match at Wembley was the 93rd FA Cup Final. The match was Liverpool's fifth appearance in the final. They had won the competition once, defeating Leeds United 2–1 after extra time in the 1965 final. Liverpool had been runners-up in 1914, when they lost 1–0 to Burnley; in 1950, beaten 2–0 by Arsenal; and in 1971, beaten 2–1 after extra time by Arsenal. Newcastle were appearing in a then record eleventh final. They had won

This is a document about 1969–70 in English football
  Chelsea won the cup by beating Leeds United 2–1 in a replay at Old Trafford after a 2–2 draw at Wembley Stadium. In the replay Leeds took the lead through Mick Jones before an equaliser from Peter Osgood forced the replay to extra-time. David Webb then scored the winner in the 104th minute to give Chelsea a first ever FA Cup triumph. Manchester United beat Watford 2–0 at Highbury in the first ever third-place playoff, held the day before the final. A number of non-league clubs made it to the Third Round i.e. Brentwood, Hillingdon Borough and South Shields as well as Sutton United who reached the Fourth Round before losing 6–0 to Leeds United. George Best scored six goals for Manchester United in their 8–2 victory over Northampton Town in the Fifth Round. He received a match ball signed by all of the opposition players as a souvenir, and later donated it to the club's museum.

This is a document about 1971–72 in English football
  Leeds United won the FA Cup for the first time in their history by beating the previous year's winners, Arsenal, 1–0 in the final at Wembley. Allan Clarke scored the winning goal. 1971–72 marked the centenary of the FA Cup. Non-League club Hereford United of the Southern League provided one of the shocks of the season by knocking out Newcastle United 2–1 after extra time in the 3rd Round Replay.

This is a document about 1965 FA Cup Final
  The 1965 FA Cup Final was an association football match between Liverpool and Leeds United on 1 May 1965 at Wembley Stadium, London. It was the final match of the 1964–65 FA Cup, the 93rd season of England's primary cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup, better known as the FA Cup. Liverpool were appearing in their third final, they had lost the previous two in 1914 and 1950, while Leeds were appearing in their first. Both teams entered the competition in the third round. The majority of Liverpool's matches were close affairs, they did not score more than two goals in any of their matches and this was also

This is a document about History of Leeds United F.C.
   Honours Won: First Division Championship (1968–69, 1973–74), FA Cup (1971–72), Football League Cup (1967–68), Inter-Cities Fairs Cup (1967–68, 1970–71), Charity Shield (1969–70), Second Division Championship (1963–64)  Runners Up: First Division (1964–65, 1965–66, 1969–70, 1970–71, 1971–72), FA Cup (1964–65, 1969–70, 1972–73), Inter-Cities Fairs Cup (1966–67), European Cup Winners Cup (1972–73)  Semi-Finalists: FA Cup (1966–67, 1967–68), Inter-Cities Fairs Cup (1965–66), European Cup (1969–70) Under Revie, Leeds enjoyed their most successful period, yet his stewardship started in adverse conditions; the club was in financial difficulty, and in the 1961–62 season only a win in the final game of the season saved the club from relegation

This is a document about 1964–65 in English football
  1965: Despite losing 2–1 at Aston Villa on the final day of the league season, Manchester United are crowned First Division champions for the sixth time in their history (and the first time since 1957) on goal average ahead of a Leeds United side who have yet to win the top division title. 1 May 1965: Liverpool win the FA Cup for the first time in their history, defeating Leeds United 2–1 in the final at Wembley Stadium. 19 May 1965: West Ham United win the European Cup Winners' Cup at Wembley Stadium with a 2–0 win over 1860 Munich of West Germany in the final.

This is a document about 1970 FA Cup Final
  The 1970 FA Cup Final was contested by Chelsea and Leeds United. The match took place on 11 April 1970 at Wembley Stadium and ended 2–2, making it the first FA Cup final to require a replay since 1912. The replay was staged at Old Trafford and played on 29 April; after four hours of fiercely contested football, Chelsea eventually won 2–1. , both the final and replay were the last times that FA Cup final ties were scheduled to be played in April; all subsequent FA Cup final ties have been scheduled to be played in May, with only the 2020 FA Cup final played later. Leeds and Chelsea were two of England's top teams that season, having finished 2nd and 3rd respectively in the First Division. The

This is a document about 1964–65 Liverpool F.C. season
  Liverpool F.C. won its first ever FA Cup, thanks to a 2-1 additional time-victory against Leeds United in the final. The clubs' first final for 50 years, and the resultant title saved a season, in which Liverpool slipped from first to 7th in the domestic league, and controversially collapsed at the hands of Inter in the European Cup semi-finals, the clubs' first appearance in international competitions. Liverpool experimented with red shirts, shorts and socks during this season. The all red strip was used only in a number of European Cup and FA Cup matches, with League matches played in white shorts. The club permanently switched to a full all red strip at the start of the 1965-66 season.

This is a document about Football in Leeds
   Leeds United are the only Football League team in the city of Leeds, with Leeds considered to be England's largest "one-club" city. Leeds United were formed after the original team Leeds City was forcibly disbanded by The Football League in 1919 in response to allegations of financial irregularities regarding illegal payments to players during the First World War. Though until recently in the EFL Championship, Leeds United are still one of the most successful clubs in English football. In domestic competitions they have won the Football League First Division three times and have been runners-up on five occasions, as well as having won the Second Division three times, and being runners-up a further three times. United have reached the FA Cup Final four times, winning in 1972, the Football League Cup Final twice, winning in 1968, and the Charity Shield three times, winning in 1969 and 1992. In Europe United have been runners-up in the European Cup in 1975 and in the Cup Winners' Cup in 1973. They have won the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup twice, in 1968 and 1971, and were runners-up in 1967.

This is a document about Billy Bremner
  reach the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup final against Dinamo Zagreb (Yugoslavia); Zagreb won 2–0 at the Stadion Maksimir and held Leeds to a 0–0 draw at Elland Road to leave Leeds with another second-place finish. The club had a slow start to the 1967–68 season but soon picked up, particularly so with a 7–0 victory over Chelsea, though for the second successive season they ended up in fourth spot. Success instead came from the cup competitions, as they first knocked out Luton Town, Bury, Sunderland, Stoke City and Derby County in the League Cup en route to the final against Arsenal at Wembley;

This is a document about Leeds United F.C.–Manchester United F.C. rivalry
  top four places whilst Revie was at the helm. Leeds earned a feared reputation for toppling European sides, including the likes of Juventus, Barcelona, Napoli, Anderlecht and Valencia; in doing so they became Inter-Cities Fairs champions twice and once runners-up, and controversially came runners up in the 1973 European Cup Winners' Cup Final and 1975 European Cup Final. Leeds new dominance was highlighted by the fact that in 1970 they came close to achieving an historic Cup Treble, however they finished runners up in both the league and FA cup, and were knocked out of the European cup at the semi-final stage. During this period Manchester United only

This is a document about Norman Hunter (footballer)
  games in five separate seasons. In 1972, Leeds won the FA Cup via a goal from Allan Clarke. A famous photograph of Hunter's celebration when the goal went in has been published many times. At the end of the game, Hunter climbed the steps to the Royal box twice; once to collect his own medal, and then again to help Mick Jones negotiate his way up and down, as Jones had been receiving treatment for a dislocated elbow while his teammates had been getting their prizes. 1973 saw defeats in two finals, as Leeds lost in the FA Cup Final to Sunderland, and then a few days

This is a document about Leeds United F.C.
  Leeds United Football Club is an English professional football club based in the city of Leeds, West Yorkshire. The club was formed in 1919 following the disbanding of Leeds City by the Football League and took over their Elland Road stadium. The club currently competes in the Premier League, the top flight of English football, following promotion from the EFL Championship during the 2019—20 season. Most of their history has been spent competing in the first tier of English football. Their longest continuous spell inside the first tier was a period of 18 years between 1964 and 1982, while their longest period outside of it spanned 16 years between 2004 and 2020. They have won three English league titles, one FA Cup, one League Cup, two Charity/Community Shields and two Inter-Cities


Question: what kind of money do they use in russia

Answer: kopeks

This is a document about Donetsk People's Republic
  in which both the rouble (Russia's currency) and the hryvnia (Ukraine's currency) can be used, and also the Euro and U.S. Dollar. Cash shortages are widespread and, due to a lack of roubles, the hryvnia is the most-used currency. According to Ukraine's security services in May 2016 alone the Russian government has passed US$19 million in cash to fund the DPR administration as well as 35,000 blank Russian passports. Since late February 2015, DPR-controlled territories receive their natural gas directly from Russia. According to Russia, Ukraine should pay for these deliveries; Ukraine claims it does not receive payments for the supplies from DPR-controlled

This is a document about Russian financial crisis (2014–2016)
  value, many Russians chose to purchase durable goods, such as washing machines, televisions, furniture, and jewelry, and to convert their pensions and savings from rubles to US dollars and Euros. Several currency changers offered cash only at much greater exchange rates: USD up to 99.8 RUB (official rate was 61.15) and EUR up to 120–150 RUB (official rate was 76.15). Some foreign companies halted their business activities in Russia, including Volvo car dealerships and the online stores of Apple and Steam, due to the high volatility and decline of the Russian ruble. Additionally, IKEA temporarily suspended sales of certain goods in Russia, in part

This is a document about List of motifs on banknotes
  The official currency of Russia is the Russian ruble (RUB). The motifs used are:

This is a document about Russia
  Russia has a mixed economy, with enormous natural resources, particularly oil and natural gas. It has the world's eleventh-largest economy by nominal GDP and the sixth-largest by PPP. In 2017, the large service sector contributed to 62% of the total GDP, the industrial sector 32%, and the small agricultural sector roughly 5%. Russia has a low unemployment rate of 4.5%, and a relatively low poverty rate of 12.6%. More than 70% of its population is categorized as middle class officially. Russia's foreign exchange reserves are worth $622 billion, and are the world's fifth-largest. It has a labour force of roughly 70 million, which is the world's sixth-largest. Russia's large automotive industry ranks

This is a document about Russian National Wealth Fund
  Source by the Ministry of Finance of Russia:

This is a document about 1998 Russian financial crisis
  was forced to rely on presidential decrees. On 29 July Yeltsin interrupted his vacation in Valdai Hills region and flew to Moscow, prompting fears of a Cabinet reshuffle, but he only replaced Federal Security Service Chief Nikolay Kovalyov with Vladimir Putin. At the time, Russia employed a "floating peg" policy toward the ruble, meaning that the Central Bank decided that at any given time the ruble-to-dollar (or RUB/USD) exchange rate would stay within a particular range. If the ruble threatened to devalue outside of that range (or "band"), the Central Bank would intervene by spending foreign reserves to buy

This is a document about Dedollarisation
  Russia accelerated the process of dedollarisation in 2014 as a result of worsening relations with the West. In 2017, SPFS, a Russian equivalent of the SWIFT financial transfer system, was developed by the Central Bank of Russia. The system has been in development since 2014, after the United States government threatened to disconnect Russia from the SWIFT system. Lukoil, a state-owned company, has announced that it will find a replacement for the dollar. In June 2021, Russia said it will eliminate the dollar from its National Wealth Fund to reduce vulnerability to Western sanctions just two weeks before President Vladimir Putin holds his first summit meeting with U.S. leader Joe Biden.

This is a document about Russian ruble
  [[File:Foreign Currency uses and pegs, Ruble included.png|400px|thumb|Worldwide official use of . The ruble is used in Russia, the de-facto Russian Republic of Crimea, and the partially recognized states of Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Donetsk People's Republic, and Luhansk People's Republic. ]] In 1998 the Russian ruble was redenominated with the new ISO 4217 code "RUB" and number 643, and was exchanged at the rate of 1 RUB = 1,000 RUR. All Soviet coins issued between 1961 and 1991, as well as 1-, 2- and 3-kopek coins, issued before 1961, were also exchangeable for Russian rubles at the rate of 1 RUB = 1,000 SUR. The redenomination was an administrative step that reduced the unwieldiness of the old ruble but occurred on the brink of the 1998 Russian financial crisis. The ruble lost 70% of its value against the US dollar in the six months following this financial crisis, from $1 = 6 RUB to approximately 20 RUB.

This is a document about Russian ruble
  The Russian ruble or rouble (рубль rublʹ; symbol: ₽, руб; code: RUB) is the currency of the Russian Federation, the two partially recognised republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia and the two unrecognised republics of Donetsk and Luhansk. The ruble is subdivided into 100 kopeks (sometimes written as kopecks or copecks; копе́йка kopeyka, plural: копе́йки kopeyki). The ruble was the currency of the Russian Empire and of the Soviet Union (as the Soviet ruble). However, today only Russia, Belarus and Transnistria use currencies with the same name. The ruble was the first currency in Europe to be decimalised, in 1704, when the ruble became equal to 100 kopeks. In September 1993, the Soviet ruble (code: SUR) was replaced with the Russian ruble (code: RUR) at the rate 1 SUR = 1 RUR. In 1998, preceding the financial crisis, the Russian ruble was redenominated with the new code "RUB" and was exchanged at the rate of 1,000 RUR = 1 RUB.

This is a document about Ruble
   The ruble or rouble is the currency unit of a number of countries in Eastern Europe closely associated with the economy of Russia. Originally, the ruble was the currency unit of Imperial Russia and then the Soviet Union (as the Soviet ruble). , it is the currency unit of Russia (as the Russian ruble), Belarus (as the Belarusian ruble) and the unrecognised state of Transnistria (as the Transnistrian ruble). The Russian ruble is also used in two regions of Georgia: the partially recognised states (including by Russia) Abkhazia and South Ossetia. In the past, several other countries influenced by Russia and the Soviet Union had currency units that were also named rubles. The Russian rubles (₽) and Belarussian rubles are subdivided into one hundred kopeks. No kopek is currently formally subdivided, although denga (1⁄2 kopek) and polushka (1⁄2 denga, thus 1⁄4 kopek) have previously been minted.

This is a document about Economy of Russia
   Russia recorded a trade surplus of USD$15.8 billion in 2013. Balance of trade in Russia is reported by the Central Bank of Russia. Historically, from 1997 until 2013, Russia balance of trade averaged 8338.23 USD million reaching an all-time high of 20647 USD million in December 2011 and a record low of −185 USD million in February 1998. Russia runs regular trade surpluses primarily due to exports of commodities. In 2015, Russia main exports are oil and natural gas (62.8% of total exports), ores and metals (5.9%), chemical products (5.8%), machinery and transport equipment (5.4%) and food (4.7%). Others include: agricultural raw materials (2.2%) and textiles

This is a document about Moscow gold (Spain)
  Russian friends", as all types of expenses and services had been charged to the Government of the Republic. However, authors such as Gerald Howson believe in the existence of a Soviet fraud in the management of the deposit in Moscow, claiming that Stalin intentionally inflated the price of the matériel sold to the Republic by manipulating the exchange of Russian rubles to U.S. dollars and of U.S. dollars to Spanish pesetas, raising the international exchange rates up to 30% and 40% respectively. The increased power of the communists at the time, taking advantage of the political pressure that the Soviet Union could exert having control

This is a document about Russo-Japanese War
  Despite its gold reserves of 106.3 million pounds, Russia's pre-war financial situation was not enviable. The country had large budget deficits year after year, and was largely dependent on borrowed money. Russia's war effort was funded primarily by France, in a series of loans totalling 800 million francs (30.4 million pounds); another loan in the amount of 600 million francs was agreed upon, but later cancelled. These loans were extended within a climate of mass bribing of the French press (made necessary by Russia's precarious economic and social situation and poor military performance). Although initially reluctant to participate in the war, the French government and major banks were co-operative since it became clear that Russian and French economic interests were tied. In addition to French money, Russia secured a loan in the amount of 500 million marks

This is a document about Currency intervention
  On November 10, 2014, the Central Bank of Russia decided to fully float the ruble in response to its biggest weekly drop in 11 years (roughly 6 percent drop in value against USD). In doing so, the central bank abolished the dual-currency trading band within which the ruble had previously traded. The central bank also ended regular interventions that had previously limited sudden movements in the currency's value. Earlier steps to raise interest rates by 150 basis points to 9.5 percent failed to stop the ruble's decline. The central bank sharply adjusted its macroeconomic forecasts. It stated that Russia's foreign exchange reserves, then the fourth largest in the world at roughly $480 billion, were expected to decrease to

This is a document about Coin wrapper
  Currency: Soviet ruble

This is a document about Economy of Russia
  The economy of Russia is a developing mixed economy, with enormous natural resources, particularly oil and natural gas. It is the fifth-largest economy in Europe, the world's eleventh-largest economy by nominal GDP, and the sixth-largest by PPP. Russia's vast geography is an important determinant of its economic activity, with some sources estimating that the nation contains over 30% of the world's natural resources. In 2016, the oil-and-gas sector accounted for 36% of federal budget revenues. Russia has been widely described as an energy superpower; as it has the world's largest natural gas reserves, the second-largest coal reserves, the eighth-largest oil reserves, and the largest oil shale reserves in Europe. It is the world's leading natural gas exporter, the second-largest natural gas producer, and the second-largest oil exporter, and producer. Russia's foreign exchange reserves are the world's fifth-largest. It has a labour force of roughly 70 million

This is a document about Currency intervention
  billion by the end of 2014, $415 billion in 2015, and under $400 billion in 2016, in an effort to prop up the ruble. On December 11, the Russian central bank raised the key rate by 100 basis points, from 9.5 percent to 10.5 percent. Declining oil prices and economic sanctions imposed by the West in response to the Russian annexation of Crimea led to worsening Russian recession. On December 15, 2014, the ruble dropped as much as 19 percent, the worst single-day drop for the ruble in 16 years. The Russian central bank response was twofold: first, continue using Russia's large foreign currency reserve to buy rubles on the forex market in order to maintain its value

This is a document about National Bank of the Republic of Abkhazia
  Due to the use of the Russian ruble in Abkhazia, the National Bank of Abkhazia exercises little control over the money supply in Abkhazia’s economy and has almost no influence on the value of the Russian currency. Its actions are primarily focused on registering commercial banks and making wholesale loans to them.

This is a document about Russian financial crisis (2014–2016)
  On 15 December 2014, Russia had foreign currency reserves worth around $400 billion, the sixth-highest total in the world, giving Russia the ability to prop up the ruble. On 15 December, the Central Bank of Russia spent almost $2 billion in an attempt to strengthen the declining ruble. Just before 1 a.m. local time on 16 December 2014, the Central Bank increased its key interest rate from 10.5% to 17% in an attempt to slow or stop the decline of the ruble. It was the sixth increase in interest rates by the Central Bank during 2014. Despite the Central Bank's intervention, the ruble declined further, to as low as 79 Russian rubles to

This is a document about Russian Armed Forces
  the huge amount in comparison to the 2003 budget, which stood on 600 billion rubles. The Russian government's published 2014 military budget is about 2.49 trillion rubles (approximately US$69.3 billion), the fourth largest in the world behind the US, China and Saudi Arabia. The official budget is set to rise to 3.03 trillion rubles (approximately US$83.7 billion) in 2015, and 3.36 trillion rubles (approximately US$93.9 billion) in 2016. As of 2014, Russia's military budget is higher than any other European nation, and approximately 1/7th (14 percent) of the US military budget. In 2015, SIPRI found that Russia was the world's second biggest exporter of major weapons

Russia uses the Russian Ruble (RUB) as its official currency.


Question: who figured out a way to determine the type of blood

Answer: Karl Landsteiner

This is a document about Genetic history of Indigenous peoples of the Americas
  Prior to the 1952 confirmation of DNA as the hereditary material by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase, scientists used blood proteins to study human genetic variation. The ABO blood group system is widely credited to have been discovered by the Austrian Karl Landsteiner, who found three different blood types in 1900. Blood groups are inherited from both parents. The ABO blood type is controlled by a single gene (the ABO gene) with three alleles: i, IA, and IB. Research by Ludwik and Hanka Herschfeld during World War I found that the frequencies of blood groups A, B and O differed greatly

This is a document about Transfusion medicine
  In 1628, English physician William Harvey discovered that blood circulates around the body. Soon thereafter, the first blood transfusion was attempted. In 1665 another English doctor Richard Lower successfully used blood transfusion between dogs to keep them alive. Karl Landsteiner is recognized as the father of transfusion medicine. Karl Landsteiner is credited with the first classification of human blood into the four types (A, B, AB, O) of the ABO blood group system.

This is a document about White blood cell differential
  stained microscope slide, is now performed to investigate abnormal results from the automated differential, or upon request by the healthcare provider. The manual differential can identify cell types that are not counted by automated methods and detect clinically significant changes in the appearance of white  blood cells. In 1674, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek published the first microscopic observations of blood cells. Improvements in microscope technology throughout the 18th and 19th centuries allowed the three cellular components of blood to be identified and counted. In the 1870s, Paul Ehrlich invented a staining technique that could differentiate between each type of white blood cell. Dmitri Leonidovich Romanowsky later modified

This is a document about ABO blood group system
  The ABO blood types were first discovered by an Austrian Physician Karl Landsteiner working at the Pathological-Anatomical Institute of the University of Vienna (now Medical University of Vienna). In 1900, he found that red blood cells would clump together (agglutinate) when mixed in test tubes with sera from different persons, and that some human blood also agglutinated with animal blood. He wrote a two-sentence footnote: "The serum of healthy human beings not only agglutinates animal red cells, but also often those of human origin, from other individuals. It remains to be seen whether this appearance is related to inborn differences between individuals or it is

This is a document about Red blood cell
  The first person to describe red blood cells was the young Dutch biologist Jan Swammerdam, who had used an early microscope in 1658 to study the blood of a frog. Unaware of this work, Anton van Leeuwenhoek provided another microscopic description in 1674, this time providing a more precise description of red blood cells, even approximating their size, "25,000 times smaller than a fine grain of sand". In the 1740s, Vincenzo Menghini in Bologna was able to demonstrate the presence of iron by passing magnets over the powder or ash remaining from heated red blood cells. In 1901, Karl Landsteiner published his discovery of the three main blood groups—A, B,

This is a document about Blood type
 Jansky ....0(I) A(II) B(III) AB(IV) ; Moss ... O(IV) A(II) B(III) AB(I) Blood types were first discovered by an Austrian physician, Karl Landsteiner, working at the Pathological-Anatomical Institute of the University of Vienna (now Medical University of Vienna). In 1900, he found that blood sera from different persons would clump together (agglutinate) when mixed in test tubes, and not only that, some human blood also agglutinated with animal blood. He wrote a two-sentence footnote: "The serum of healthy human beings not only agglutinates animal red cells, but also often those of human origin, from other individuals. It remains to be seen whether this appearance is related to inborn differences between individuals or it

This is a document about Complete blood count
  measuring the proportion of red blood cells, and in laboratories without access to automated instruments, blood cells are counted under the microscope using a hemocytometer. In 1852, Karl Vierordt published the first procedure for performing a blood count, which involved spreading a known volume of blood on a microscope slide and counting every cell. The invention of the hemocytometer in 1874 by Louis-Charles Malassez simplified the microscopic analysis of blood cells, and in the late 19th century, Paul Ehrlich and Dmitri Leonidovich Romanowsky developed techniques for staining white and red blood cells that are still used to examine blood smears. Automated methods for

This is a document about Blood transfusion
  The science of blood transfusion dates to the first decade of the 20th century, with the discovery of distinct blood types leading to the practice of mixing some blood from the donor and the receiver before the transfusion (an early form of cross-matching). In the early 19th century, British obstetrician Dr. James Blundell made efforts to treat hemorrhage by transfusion of human blood using a syringe. In 1818 following experiments with animals, he performed the first successful transfusion of human blood to treat postpartum hemorrhage. Blundell used the patient's husband as a donor, and extracted four ounces of blood from his arm to transfuse

This is a document about Blood
  The ABO blood group system was discovered in the year 1900 by Karl Landsteiner. Jan Janský is credited with the first classification of blood into the four types (A, B, AB, and O) in 1907, which remains in use today. In 1907 the first blood transfusion was performed that used the ABO system to predict compatibility. The first non-direct transfusion was performed on 27 March 1914. The Rhesus factor was discovered in 1937.

This is a document about Complete blood count
  of hues not present when either of the stains was used alone. This became the basis for Romanowsky staining, the technique still used to stain blood smears for manual review. The first techniques for measuring hemoglobin were devised in the late 19th century, and involved visual comparisons of the colour of diluted blood against a known standard. Attempts to automate this process using spectrophotometry and colorimetry were limited by the fact that hemoglobin is present in the blood in many different forms, meaning that it could not be measured at a single wavelength. In 1920, a method to convert the different forms of hemoglobin to

This is a document about Blood transfusion
  O, A, B, and AB are respectively designated I, II, III, and IV. Dr. William Lorenzo Moss's (1876–1957) Moss-blood typing technique of 1910 was widely used until World War II. William Stewart Halsted, M.D. (September 23, 1852 – September 7, 1922), an American surgeon, performed one of the first blood transfusions in the United States. He had been called to see his sister after she had given birth. He found her moribund from blood loss, and in a bold move withdrew his own blood, transfused his blood into his sister, and then operated on her to save her life.

This is a document about White blood cell differential
  In the 1870s, Paul Ehrlich developed a staining technique that could differentiate between the five white blood cell types. Ehrlich's stain used a combination of an acidic and basic dye to stain white and red blood cells simultaneously. Dmitri Leonidovich Romanowsky improved on this technique in the 1890s by using a mixture of eosin and aged methylene blue, which produced a wide range of hues that was not present when either of the stains was used alone. This was termed the Romanowsky effect and became the basis for Romanowsky staining, the technique that is still used to stain blood smears for

This is a document about Complete blood count
  hemoglobin were developed in the 1920s, and Maxwell Wintrobe introduced the Wintrobe hematocrit method in 1929, which in turn allowed him to define the red blood cell indices. A landmark in the automation of blood cell counts was the Coulter principle, which was patented by Wallace H. Coulter in 1953. The Coulter principle uses electrical impedance measurements to count blood cells and determine their sizes; it is a technology that remains in use in many automated analyzers. Further research in the 1970s involved the use of optical measurements to count and identify cells, which enabled the automation of the white blood cell differential.

This is a document about Hemoglobin Hopkins-2
  Hematologic studies were prominent at Johns Hopkins Hospital prior to the discovery of the hemoglobin Hopkins-2 variant. After observing the cells under a microscope, Sir William Osler connected the concept of dysfunctional platelets to the development of ulcerative endocarditis and thrombosis. Osler's initial observations of platelets catalyzed the study of blood and hematology at Hopkins and in other research environments. Platelets were discovered independently by Max Schultze in 1865 and G. Bizzozero in 1882. Beginning in 1920, doctors at Johns Hopkins Hospital conducted research on sickle cell anemia, or sickle cell disease. Although their conclusions surrounding the disease are outdated, Doctors Taliaferro and Huck discovered a latent form of sickle cell anemia. Their study on sickle cell anemia

This is a document about Luis Agote
  The first recorded blood transfusion was made between dogs by the English doctor Richard Lower around 1666. In 1667, French scientist Juan Bautista Denys transfused a human with animal blood. In 1900, Karl Landsteiner identified some of the blood substances responsible for the agglutination of red blood cells, identifying blood groups for the first time and some of their incompatibilities. Direct transfusions were still not practiced at the beginning of the 20th century because it was impossible to keep unaltered blood outside the body for later use. After 6–12 minutes, coagulation begins manifested initially by a gradual increase of viscosity that terminates with almost complete solidification. Coagulation is the

This is a document about Blood transfusion
  transfusions to take place much more safely. For his discovery he won the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1930; many other blood groups have been discovered since. George Washington Crile is credited with performing the first surgery using a direct blood transfusion in 1906 at St. Alexis Hospital in Cleveland while a professor of surgery at Case Western Reserve University. Jan Janský also discovered the human blood groups; in 1907 he classified blood into four groups: I, II, III, IV. His nomenclature is still used in Russia and in states of the former USSR, in which blood

This is a document about Complete blood count
  eyepiece with a scaled grid was attached to the microscope, permitting the microscopist to count the number of cells per volume of blood. In 1877, William Gowers invented a hemocytometer with a built-in counting grid, eliminating the need to produce specially calibrated eyepieces for each microscope. In the 1870s, Paul Ehrlich developed a staining technique using a combination of an acidic and basic dye that could distinguish different types of white blood cells and allow red blood cell morphology to be examined. Dmitri Leonidovich Romanowsky improved on this technique in the 1890s, using a mixture of eosin and aged methylene blue to produce a wide

This is a document about Frederic Durán-Jordà
  to a physical examination, were has determined his blood group and have ruled out syphilis. Will be called when a hospital transfusion needed: the first year just received 13 petitions, but in the decade of the 30 attending more than 3 000 calls annually. And always in an absolutely altruistic. At the same time he start working on a method to thin the blood and to allow transfusion: a Belgian researcher Albert Hustin published in April 1914 a method using sodium citrate; November 15 of the same year Dr. Luis Agote performed in Buenos Aires the first transfusion with blood anticoagulated with citrate. Later Richard Lewisohn of

This is a document about February 1901
 German immunologist Paul Uhlenhuth published his paper A Method for Investigation of Different Types of Blood, Especially for the Differential Diagnosis of Human Blood. In an understatement about the significance of his findings, Uhlenhuth commented as an aside, "It is noteworthy... that, after drying blood samples from men, horses and cattle on a board for four weeks and dissolving them in physiological NaCl solution, I was able to identify the human blood at once using my serum— a fact that should be of particular importance for forensic medicine." As an author would note more than a century later, "With these few

This is a document about Karl Landsteiner
  In 1900 Karl Landsteiner found out that the blood of two people under contact agglutinates, and in 1901 he found that this effect was due to contact of blood with blood serum. As a result, he succeeded in identifying the three blood groups A, B and O, which he labelled C, of human blood. Landsteiner also found out that blood transfusion between persons with the same blood group did not lead to the destruction of blood cells, whereas this occurred between persons of different blood groups. Based on his findings, the first successful blood transfusion was performed by Reuben Ottenberg  at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York in 1907. Today it is well known that persons with blood group AB can accept donations of the other blood groups, and that persons with blood group O-negative can donate to all other groups. Individuals with blood group AB are referred

Karl Landsteiner discovered the ABO blood group system in 1900 by observing that human blood clots differently when mixed with other human blood. He also noted that some animal bloods clotted with human blood, leading him to conclude that there were different blood types.


Question: what is the hubble classification of the milky way galaxy

Answer: SBb or SBc

This is a document about Hubble sequence
  The Hubble sequence is a morphological classification scheme for galaxies invented by Edwin Hubble in 1926. It is often colloquially known as the Hubble tuning fork diagram because the shape in which it is traditionally represented resembles a tuning fork.  Hubble's scheme divided regular galaxies into three broad classes – ellipticals, lenticulars and spirals – based on their visual appearance (originally on photographic plates). A fourth class contains galaxies with an irregular appearance. The Hubble sequence is the most commonly used system for classifying galaxies, both in professional astronomical research and in amateur astronomy. In June 2019, citizen scientists through Galaxy Zoo argued that the usual Hubble classification, particularly concerning spiral galaxies, may not be supported by evidence. Consequently, the scheme may thus need to be updated.

This is a document about Milky Way
   The Milky Way consists of a bar-shaped core region surrounded by a warped disk of gas, dust and stars. The mass distribution within the Milky Way closely resembles the type Sbc in the Hubble classification, which represents spiral galaxies with relatively loosely wound arms. Astronomers first began to conjecture that the Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy, rather than an ordinary spiral galaxy, in the 1960s. These conjectures were confirmed by the Spitzer Space Telescope observations in 2005 that showed the Milky Way's central bar to be larger than previously thought.

This is a document about Galaxy morphological classification
  other types of galaxies, such as irregular galaxies, which have no obvious regular structure (either disk-like or ellipsoidal). The Hubble sequence is often represented in the form of a two-pronged fork, with the ellipticals on the left (with the degree of ellipticity increasing from left to right) and the barred and unbarred spirals forming the two parallel prongs of the fork. Lenticular galaxies are placed between the ellipticals and the spirals, at the point where the two prongs meet the “handle”. To this day, the Hubble sequence is the most commonly used system for classifying galaxies, both in professional astronomical research and in amateur astronomy. Nonetheless, in June 2019, citizen scientists through Galaxy Zoo reported that the usual Hubble classification, particularly concerning spiral galaxies, may not be supported, and may need updating.

This is a document about Galaxy
  A majority of spiral galaxies, including our own Milky Way galaxy, have a linear, bar-shaped band of stars that extends outward to either side of the core, then merges into the spiral arm structure. In the Hubble classification scheme, these are designated by an SB, followed by a lower-case letter (a, b or c) which indicates the form of the spiral arms (in the same manner as the categorization of normal spiral galaxies). Bars are thought to be temporary structures that can occur as a result of a density wave radiating outward from the core, or else due to a tidal interaction with another galaxy. Many barred spiral galaxies are active, possibly as a result of gas being channeled into the core along the arms. Our own galaxy, the Milky Way, is a large disk-shaped barred-spiral galaxy about 30 kiloparsecs in diameter and a kiloparsec thick. It contains about two hundred billion (2×1011) stars and has a total mass of about six hundred billion (6×1011) times the mass of the Sun.

This is a document about Galaxy morphological classification
   Galaxy morphological classification is a system used by astronomers to divide galaxies into groups based on their visual appearance. There are several schemes in use by which galaxies can be classified according to their morphologies, the most famous being the Hubble sequence, devised by Edwin Hubble and later expanded by Gérard de Vaucouleurs and Allan Sandage. However, galaxy classification and morphology are now largely done using computational methods and physical morphology.

This is a document about Messier 87
  In the modified Hubble sequence galaxy morphological classification scheme of the French astronomer Gérard de Vaucouleurs, M87 is categorized as an E0p galaxy. "E0" designates an elliptical galaxy that displays no flattening—that is, it appears spherical. A "p" suffix indicates a peculiar galaxy that does not fit cleanly into the classification scheme; in this case, the peculiarity is the presence of the jet emerging from the core. In the Yerkes (Morgan) scheme, M87 is classified as a type-cD galaxy. A D galaxy has an elliptical-like nucleus surrounded by an extensive, dustless, diffuse envelope. A D type supergiant is called a cD galaxy. The distance to M87 has been estimated

This is a document about Galactic orientation
  A galaxy is a large gravitational aggregation of stars, dust, gas, and an unknown component termed dark matter. The Milky Way Galaxy is only one of the billions of galaxies in the known universe. Galaxies are classified into spirals, ellipticals, irregular, and peculiar. Sizes can range from only a few thousand stars (dwarf irregulars) to 1013 stars in giant ellipticals. Elliptical galaxies are spherical or elliptical in appearance. Spiral galaxies range from S0, the lenticular galaxies, to Sb, which have a bar across the nucleus, to Sc galaxies which have strong spiral arms. In total count, ellipticals amount to 13%, S0 to 22%, Sa, b, c galaxies to 61%, irregulars to 3.5%, and peculiars to 0.9%. At the center of most galaxies is a high concentration of older stars. This portion of a galaxy is called the nuclear bulge. Beyond the nuclear bulge lies a large disc containing young, hot stars, called the disk of the galaxy. There is a morphological separation: Ellipticals are most common in clusters of galaxies, and typically the center of a cluster is occupied by a giant elliptical. Spirals are most common in the field, i.e., not in clusters.

This is a document about Messier 87
  In 1922, the American astronomer Edwin Hubble categorized M87 as one of the brighter globular nebulae, as it lacked any spiral structure, but like spiral nebulae, appeared to belong to the family of non-galactic nebulae. In 1926 he produced a new categorization, distinguishing extragalactic from galactic nebulae, the former being independent star systems. M87 was classified as a type of elliptical extragalactic nebula with no apparent elongation (class E0). In 1931, Hubble described M87 as a member of the Virgo Cluster, and gave a provisional estimate of 1.8 e6pc from Earth. It was then the only known elliptical nebula for which individual stars could be resolved, although it was pointed out that globular clusters would be indistinguishable from individual stars at such distances. In his 1936 The Realm of the Nebulae, Hubble examines the terminology of the day; some astronomers labeled extragalactic nebulae as external galaxies on the basis that they were stellar systems at far distances from our own galaxy, while others preferred the conventional term extragalactic nebulae, as galaxy then was synonym for the Milky Way. M87 continued to be labelled as an extragalactic nebula at least until 1954.

This is a document about NGC 4889
  to see the galaxy's halo. In the updated Hubble sequence galaxy morphological classification scheme by the French astronomer Gérard de Vaucouleurs in 1959, NGC 4889 is classified as an E4 type galaxy, which means it has a flat distribution of stars within its width. It is also classified as a cD galaxy, a giant type of D galaxy, a classification devised by the American astronomer William Wilson Morgan in 1958 for galaxies with an elliptical-shaped nucleus surrounded by an immense, diffuse, dustless, extended halo. NGC 4889 is far enough that its distance can be measured using redshift. With the redshift of

This is a document about Elliptical galaxy
  determined by the ratio of the major (a) to the minor (b) axes of the galaxy's isophotes:  Thus for a spherical galaxy with a equal to b, the number is 0, and the Hubble type is E0. While the limit in the literature is about E7, it has been known since 1966 that the E4 to E7 galaxies are misclassified lenticular galaxies with disks inclined at different angles to our line of sight. This has been confirmed through spectral observations revealing the rotation of their stellar disks. Hubble recognized that his shape classification depends both on the intrinsic shape of the galaxy,

This is a document about NGC 174
  The galaxy appears very dim in the sky as it only has an apparent visual magnitude of approximately 14 and thus can only be observed with telescopes. It can be classified as type G using the Hubble Sequence. The object's distance of roughly 159 million light-years from the Solar System can be estimated using its redshift and Hubble's law.

This is a document about NGC 521
  The galaxy's large apparent size can be attributed to the fact that it is face-on. Despite its size, it only has an apparent visual magnitude of 11.7. It can be classified as spiral galaxy of type SBbc using the Hubble Sequence. The object's distance of roughly 220 million light-years from the Solar System can be estimated using its redshift and Hubble's law.

This is a document about NGC 527
  The galaxy has an apparent visual magnitude of 13.2 and can be classified as type SB0-a using the Hubble Sequence. The object's distance of roughly 260 million light-years from the Solar System can be estimated using its redshift and Hubble's law.

This is a document about NGC 515
  The galaxy has an apparent visual magnitude of 13.1 and can be classified as type S0 using the Hubble Sequence. The object's distance of roughly 230 million light-years from the Solar System can be estimated using its redshift and Hubble's law.

This is a document about Star count
 Temperature: In astronomy, temperature is usually shown using the letter codes O B A F G K M running from 'blue' (type O, actually bluish white) through white (type F) to 'red' (type M, actually ruddy orange). Types L and T are used for brown dwarfs, whose 'colors' are in the infrared. ; Size: Size is usually designated by Roman numerals I (supergiants) through V (dwarfs). ; Age: Stars are usually grouped into Population I (young) and Population II (old). ; Location: In the Milky Way Galaxy the groups are described as thin disk, thick disk, central bulge, and halo. ; Multiplicity: Most stars are members

This is a document about NGC 1
  At an estimated 140,000 light-years in diameter, NGC 1 is roughly the same size as our own galaxy, the Milky Way, which is believed to be approximately 160,000 light-years across. Although its apparent magnitude of 13.65 lets the galaxy appear too faint to see it in the sky with the naked eye, its absolute magnitude of -22.08 makes NGC 1 two to three times more luminous than our home galaxy. The galaxy is 4.0 Mly away from the 80,000 light-year wide galaxy UGC 69, its nearest major neighbor. NGC 1 has a visual size of 1.6' × 1.2'. Being classified as a SABbc class galaxy using the Hubble sequence and the De Vaucouleurs system as an extension, NGC 1 is a spiral galaxy with the presence of a weak nuclear

This is a document about Hubble sequence
  At the centre of the Hubble tuning fork, where the two spiral-galaxy branches and the elliptical branch join, lies an intermediate class of galaxies known as lenticulars and given the symbol S0. These galaxies consist of a bright central bulge, similar in appearance to an elliptical galaxy, surrounded by an extended, disk-like structure. Unlike spiral galaxies, the disks of lenticular galaxies have no visible spiral structure and are not actively forming stars in any significant quantity. When simply looking at a galaxy's image, lenticular galaxies with relatively face-on disks are difficult to distinguish from ellipticals of type E0–E3, making the classification of many such galaxies uncertain. When viewed edge-on, the disk becomes more apparent and prominent dust-lanes are sometimes visible in absorption at optical wavelengths. At the time of the initial publication of Hubble's galaxy classification scheme,

This is a document about NGC 525
  The galaxy appears very dim in the sky as it only has an apparent visual magnitude of 13.3 and thus can only be observed with telescopes. It can be classified as type S0 using the Hubble Sequence. The object's distance of roughly 95.6 million light-years from the Solar System can be estimated using its redshift and Hubble's law.

This is a document about Galaxy Zoo
  "Galaxy Zoo: Morphological Classifications for 120,000 Galaxies in HST Legacy Imaging" was accepted for publication by the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. The abstract begins: "We present the data release paper for the Galaxy Zoo: Hubble project. This is the third phase in a large effort to measure reliable, detailed morphologies of galaxies by using crowdsourced visual classifications of colour composite images. Images in Galaxy Zoo Hubble were selected from various publicly-released Hubble Space Telescope Legacy programs conducted with the Advanced Camera for Surveys, with filters that probe the rest- frame optical emission from galaxies out to z ≈1."

This is a document about Pegasus Dwarf Irregular Galaxy
  <li>NED gives the galaxy classification as both dIrr and dSph, which means that it is a transitory between dwarf irregular and dwarf spheroidal. It is noted as transitory in Cole et al. 1999. </li> </ol>

The Milky Way galaxy is classified as a barred spiral galaxy (SB) in the Hubble sequence.