Question: who won season two of hell 's kitchen

Answer: Sous chef Heather West

This is a document about Hell's Kitchen (American season 2)
  Season 2 of Hell's Kitchen was cast during November 2005, premiered on June 12, 2006 and concluded on August 14, 2006. This was the first season of Hell's Kitchen to start a number of contestants divided to two teams by gender, which would become a tradition in subsequent seasons. Sous chef Heather West won the season. Her prize was the position of executive chef at the Red Rock Resort Spa and Casino in Las Vegas with a salary of $250,000, where she worked as chef at the Terra Rossa Restaurant. Runner-up Virginia Dalbeck had the worst streak of any finalist on the show, being nominated every single time apart from wins and "Best of the Worst" nominations. Taping for the second season was done in the same building where the first season was taped. This was the last season of the show to be aired in standard definition.

This is a document about Hell's Kitchen (British TV series)
 Blue Team (Head chef Jean-Christophe Novelli) ; Henry Filloux-Bennett ; Aby King ; Rory O'Donnell ; Gary Tomlin ; Kellie Cresswell ; Stien Smart ; Red Team (Head chef Gary Rhodes) ; Terry Miller ; Simon Gross ; Aaron Siwoku ; Tom Paisley ; Caroline Garvey ; Sam Raplin Series 2 of Hell's Kitchen in the UK was broadcast from 18 April – 2 May 2005. The format was overhauled as the show was turned into a competition between two kitchens run by "celebrity chefs" Gary Rhodes and Jean-Christophe Novelli. The second series featured ten members of the public competing

This is a document about Hell's Kitchen (American season 7)
  called that explanation an excuse, saying, "I don't know if they even applied for my visa." Ugalde was later awarded an undisclosed amount of money in compensation and retained her title as the winner of season 7. Autumn Lewis broke the record for most nominations in a season of Hell's Kitchen. The record was previously held by Virginia Dalbeck, who was nominated six times before finishing as the runner-up in Season 2. Lewis had been nominated a total of seven times throughout the season (one of which was voided by Chef Ramsay) before her elimination after the penultimate service.

This is a document about Top Chef Masters (season 2)
  Burke (Sweet Potato Custard with Green Beans, Corn and Crab BBQ, Pickled Watermelon Rind and Hush Puppies) ; Marcus Samuelsson (BBQ Chicken with Mac & Cheese and Collard Greens) ; Monica Pope (Shrimp and Grits, Mac and Cheese Style with Smokin' Okra, Pickled Green Beans and Tomato Jam) ; Thierry Rautureau (Moroccan Spiced Pork Shoulder, Farro, Roasted Cauliflower, and Brussels Sprout Slaw) ; WINNERS: Carmen Gonzalez (15½ stars) and Marcus Samuelsson (14½ stars) ; ELIMINATED: ; Monica Pope (13 stars) ; Thierry Rautureau (11 stars) ; David Burke (10 stars) Carmen Gonzalez, David Burke, Marcus Samuelsson, Monica Pope, and Thierry Rautureau are the second group of chefs competing for two spots in the Champions Round.

This is a document about Thierry Rautureau
  Great Cities."  Rautureau has also been a celebrity chef judge for the PBS series “MasterChef USA." Rautureau's most well-known television appearance is as a contestant on the second season of the Bravo reality series Top Chef Masters. Rautureau competed against Monica Pope (T'afia), Carmen González (Chef Consultant), David Burke (David Burke Townhouse), and the eventual winner of the season, Marcus Samuelsson (Red Rooster, Aquavit) in the second episode entitled "Top Chef Masters Season 2: It's My Party." The challenge for the chefs was to cook a meal inspired by soul food for actor Mekhi Phifer's birthday party. González and Samuelsson advanced, while Pope, Rautureau and Burke were eliminated. In 2012, Rautureau returned as a contestant on season four of

This is a document about Chopped (TV series)
  Some of the contestants on Chopped would go on to appear in Fox's reality show Hell's Kitchen. William Lustberg, the runner up on the ninth episode of the first season, was the runner up on season 9 of Hell's Kitchen. Roshni Mansukhani, the winner of the fourth episode of the second season, was eliminated in the eighth episode of the tenth season of Hell's Kitchen. Jackie Baldassari, who was eliminated after the entrée in the tenth episode of the ninth season of Chopped, was eliminated in the ninth episode of the eleventh season of Hell's Kitchen. Anthony "Anton" Testino, who was eliminated after the appetizer in the tenth episode of the fifth season, was eliminated in the fourteenth episode of the twelfth season of Hell's Kitchen. Robyn Almodovar, the winner of

This is a document about Red Rock Casino, Resort & Spa
  The second season of Hell's Kitchen, aired in 2006, offered the winner the executive chef position at T-Bones Chophouse. The winner of the contest was a 25-year-old sous chef from New York named Heather West, but Red Rock management instead decided to give her a position suitable to her skills: senior chef at Terra Rossa, the resort's Italian restaurant. Portions of the show were filmed at the resort. By August 2008, the resort had been the filming location for segments of The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson and episodes of The Real Housewives of Orange County, as well as Rock of Love with Bret Michaels. Rapper Nelly's music video for "Body on Me" was also shot at the resort in 2008. Some scenes were also shot at the resort for the 2008 film 21.

This is a document about Hell's Kitchen (American season 17)
  sous-chef) Christina Wilson returned as the Red Team's sous-chef replacing Andi Van Willigan-Cutspec, and British MasterChef judge James "Jocky" Petrie made his Hell's Kitchen debut as the Blue Team's sous-chef replacing Aaron Mitrano. Marino Monferrato returned as the maître d'. The red team won only three of the nine dinner services during the team phase (two outright, one joint). As a result, they are the first team in the show's history to only have one member earn a black jacket. This team's Michelle Tribble, who previously finished in third place in season 14, won the competition, making her the fifth consecutive female winner of Hell's Kitchen. Runner-up Benjamin Knack, who previously finished in third place in season seven became the first male finalist since Bryant Gallaher in season 13.

This is a document about BBQ Brawl
  Erica Blaire Roby of Dayton, Ohio won Season 2. Roby bested eleven other pitmasters to win the title of Master of Cue. New to barbecue, Roby's ethnic homecooking approach and steadfast attitude won over the judges on Season 2. She was dubbed, "The Hometown Hero" in her hometown of Dayton, Ohio.

This is a document about Union, Missouri
 Trenton Garvey - Winner of Hell's Kitchen (American season 20).

This is a document about Hell's Kitchen (American season 14)
  Season 14 of the American competitive reality television series Hell's Kitchen premiered on March 3, 2015 on Fox. The prize is a head chef position at Gordon Ramsay Pub & Grill in Caesars Atlantic City. Gordon Ramsay returned as head chef with Andi Van Willigan and James Avery returning as sous-chefs for both their respective kitchens as well as Marino Monferrato as the maître d'. Executive chef Meghan Gill from Roanoke, Virginia, won the competition, thus becoming the fourteenth winner of Hell's Kitchen. This season's head to head finals happened between the third pair of the top two finalists that did not receive any nominations for elimination. This season, the Blue

This is a document about Hell's Kitchen (American season 20)
  The twentieth season of the American competitive reality television series Hell's Kitchen (subtitled as Hell's Kitchen: Young Guns) premiered on Fox on May 31, 2021. Gordon Ramsay returned as host and head chef, while season 10 winner Christina Wilson returned to serve as red team sous-chef and season seven runner-up Jason "Jay" Santos returned to serve as blue team sous-chef. The season was won by executive chef Trenton Garvey, with line cook Megan Gill finishing second, and head chef Kiya Willhelm placing third.

This is a document about Hell's Kitchen (American season 8)
  The eighth season of Hell's Kitchen, an American reality competition television series starring Gordon Ramsay, premiered on the Fox Network on September 22, 2010, and continued until December 15, 2010. Sous Chef Nona Sivley won the competition, earning a head chef position at the L.A. Market restaurant at the JW Marriott Hotel at L.A. Live in Los Angeles, as well as an opportunity to be a spokesperson for Rosemount Estate Wines. This would be the last season to feature 16 contestants, until season 17. Sabrina Brimhall is the second person after Virginia Dalbeck (from season 2) to hold the distinction of being nominated at every opportunity she was not on the winning team or granted immunity by Chef Ramsay. She is also the second person after Autumn Lewis (from season 7) to be nominated a total of seven times.

This is a document about Kitchen Super Star (season 3)
  The second season of the Kitchen Super Star (season 2) (கிச்சன் சூப்பர் ஸ்டார் 2) aired from 27 April 2014 on every Saturday at 8:00PM (IST). The finalists were Harita, Susan, Priya and Sindhu Shyam. The winner of the show is Sindhu Shyam.

This is a document about MasterChef (American season 2)
  Season 2 of the American competitive reality TV series MasterChef had a two-night premiere on Fox on June 6 and 7, 2011. Jennifer Behm, a former Miss USA contestant, was the winner of this season of MasterChef. Unlike the previous winner, Behm's prize did not include a cookbook deal.

This is a document about Hell's Kitchen (American season 6)
  The sixth season of the American competitive reality television series Hell's Kitchen premiered on Fox on July 21, 2009, and concluded on October 13, 2009. Gordon Ramsay returned as host and head chef, while season two winner Heather West joined to serve as red team sous-chef, Scott Leibfried returned to serve as blue team sous-chef, and Jean-Philippe Susilovic returned to serve as maître d'hôtel. For the first time, the winner of this season received a position as a head chef at Araxi Restaurant in Whistler, British Columbia. The season was won by executive chef David "Dave" Levey, with executive chef Kevin Cottle finishing second, and sous-chef Ariel Contreras-Fox placing third.

This is a document about List of Celebrity Big Brother (American TV series) episodes
  Season two aired from January 21, to February 13, 2019. Anthony Scaramucci, Dina Lohan, Joey Lawrence, Jonathan Bennett, Kandi Burruss, Kato Kaelin, Lolo Jones, Natalie Eva Marie, Ricky Williams, Ryan Lochte, Tamar Braxton and Tom Green were revealed as the celebrities taking part in the second season during a commercial break of CBS' NFL football coverage. Season two introduced a season-long theme known as Breaking Celebrity News that was revealed in three separate twists. When a twist was revealed to the HouseGuests, they would see a fake Entertainment Tonight broadcast on the television screen in the living room informing them of the twist. In the first twist the HouseGuests discovered that Anthony Scaramucci was a fake HouseGuest

This is a document about Surprise! It's Edible Incredible!
  to help them. After Chef Alex Orlando rates their dishes, samples of their food are given to the "Taste Buds". In the end, the contestant with the most highly rated plates wins an "outdoor adventure" trip In The Episode Of Season 2 Where Julie And Mr. Gross face off against each other, otherwise known as 'ballsax' And Julie was the winner. Julie was given the option of either one of the two trips or taking the mystery prize. Julie chose the mystery prize which was an invitation to Chef Alex's dressing room for a 75-course feast, where the dishes were dishes that the contestant made in the past episode. Both players are given a gift just for participating in the show.

This is a document about Hell's Kitchen (American season 19)
  The nineteenth season of the American competitive reality television series Hell's Kitchen (subtitled as Hell's Kitchen: Las Vegas) premiered on Fox on January 7, 2021, and concluded on April 22, 2021. Gordon Ramsay returned as host and head chef, while season 10 winner Christina Wilson returned to serve as red team sous-chef, season seven runner-up Jason "Jay" Santos joined to serve as blue team sous-chef, and Marino Monferrato returned to serve as maître d'hôtel. For the first time, the winner of this season received a position as a head chef at Gordon Ramsay Hell's Kitchen Restaurant in Lake Tahoe. Prior to the United States premiere, the season began airing in the United Kingdom in October 2020 on ITV2. The season was won by executive chef Kori Sutton, with chef de cuisine Mary Lou Davis finishing second, and executive chef Declan Horgan placing third.

This is a document about Hell's Kitchen (American season 15)
  The fifteenth season of the American competitive reality television series Hell's Kitchen took place in October 2014 and premiered on January 15, 2016 on Fox. The prize was a head chef position at BLT Steak at Bally's Las Vegas. Country Club Chef Ariel Malone won the competition. Gordon Ramsay and Marino Monferrato returned as head chef and Maître d' respectively. Season 10 winner Christina Wilson was the sous chef for the red team, although Andi Van Willigan-Cutspec, who got married, returned in episode 7 of this season when Hell's Kitchen hosted her wedding reception. Aaron Mitrano replaced James Avery as sous chef for the blue team. Wilson is the second former Hell's Kitchen winner to return as one

Sous chef Heather West won season two of Hell's Kitchen.


Question: where does the snake river in minnesota start

Answer: southern Aitkin County

This is a document about Snake River (Red River of the North tributary)
  The Snake River is a tributary of the Red River of the North in northwestern Minnesota in the United States. It is one of three streams in Minnesota with this name (see Snake River (Minnesota)). Snake River is the English translation of the native Ojibwe-language name.

This is a document about Snake River (St. Croix River tributary)
  The Snake River is a 104 mi tributary of the St. Croix River in east-central Minnesota in the United States. It is one of three streams in Minnesota with this name. Its name is a translation from the Ojibwa Ginebigo-ziibi, after the Dakota peoples who made their homes along this river. Kanabec County's name is derived from the Ojibwe word for this river.

This is a document about Garfield County, Washington
 Snake River

This is a document about Snake River (Isabella River tributary)
  The Snake River is a river of Minnesota. It is a tributary of the Isabella River.

This is a document about Snake River (St. Croix River tributary)
  The Snake River with its tributaries drains a 1009 sqmi area of Aitkin, Kanabec, Mille Lacs and Pine counties. After initially flowing southward from its headwaters in southern Aitkin County, the Snake flows through Kanabec County, turning eastward near Mora, Minnesota, following a minor fault line. It drains into the St. Croix River 13 mi east of Pine City, Minnesota. At Pine City, the river measures approximately 650 cubic feet per second.

This is a document about Snake River (Red River of the North tributary)
  The Snake River is 91.0 mi long and with its tributaries drains a 1324 sqmi area. It flows for its entire length on the old lake bed of glacial Lake Agassiz, mostly in western Marshall County but also through a small portion of northwestern Polk County. After initially flowing southwestwardly from its headwaters, the Snake turns westward and collects a short tributary, the South Branch Snake River, and passes the towns of Warren and Alvarado. Downstream of Alvarado, the Snake turns north-northwestward, paralleling the Red River in the Red River Valley. Much of the river's course through the valley has been straightened and channelized. It collects the Middle River upstream of its confluence with the Red in Fork Township.

This is a document about Snake River
  The Snake River is a major river of the greater Pacific Northwest region in the United States. At 1078 mi long, it is the largest tributary of the Columbia River, in turn the largest North American river that empties into the Pacific Ocean. The Snake River rises in western Wyoming, then flows through the Snake River Plain of southern Idaho, the rugged Hells Canyon on the Oregon–Idaho border and the rolling Palouse Hills of Washington, emptying into the Columbia River at the Tri-Cities, Washington. The Snake River drainage basin encompasses parts of six U.S. states (Idaho, Washington, Oregon, Utah, Nevada, and Wyoming) and is known for its varied geologic history. The Snake River Plain was created by a volcanic hotspot which now lies underneath the Snake River headwaters

This is a document about Snake River
   Formed by the confluence of three tiny streams on the southwest flank of Two Oceans Plateau in Yellowstone National Park, western Wyoming, the Snake starts out flowing west and south into Jackson Lake. Its first 50 mi run through Jackson Hole, a wide valley between the Teton Range and the Gros Ventre Range. Below the tourist town of Jackson, the river turns west and flows through Snake River Canyon, cutting through the Snake River Range and into eastern Idaho. It receives the Hoback and Greys Rivers before entering Palisades Reservoir, where the Salt River joins at the mouth of Star Valley. Below Palisades Dam, the Snake

This is a document about Snake River (Nebraska)
  The Snake River is a 126 mi tributary of the Niobrara River. Entirely located within the Sandhills of north-central Nebraska, the Snake River rises near the eastern edge of Sheridan County. It flows eastward into Cherry County and passes along the southern edge of Samuel R. McKelvie National Forest. On the southeast edge of the national forest, the river is dammed to form Merritt Reservoir. At this point, the river makes a sharp turn to the north. At Burge, the river has a mean annual discharge of 158 cuft/s. Snake River Falls is immediately to the north of Merritt Reservoir; it is the largest waterfall, as measured by volume, in the state. (Nebraska's highest waterfall is Smith Falls.) The Snake River joins the Niobrara River about 15 mi southwest of Valentine, Nebraska.

This is a document about Lochsa River
  the mouth, receives Lottie Creek from the left, passes the town of Lowell on the left, passes under the Lowell Bridge, and meets the Selway River. Downstream from Lowell, the Middle Fork of the Clearwater River flows west, meets the South and North Forks, and enters the Snake River at Lewiston on the Idaho—Washington border, 98 mi by river from Lowell. Below Lewiston, the Snake flows 140 mi to its confluence with the Columbia River just south of the Tri-Cities. Over this stretch, four dams in Washington block the Snake. They are the Lower Granite Dam, Little Goose Dam, Lower Monumental Dam, and Ice Harbor Dam, in that order.

This is a document about Snake River (Michigan)
  The Snake River is a 5.1 mi tributary of the Portage River (Keweenaw Waterway) on the Upper Peninsula of Michigan in the United States. Via the Portage River, its water flows to Lake Superior.

This is a document about Snake River
  The Snake River is the thirteenth longest river in the United States. Its watershed is the 10th largest among North American rivers, and covers almost 108000 sqmi in portions of six U.S. states: Wyoming, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Oregon, and Washington, with the largest portion in Idaho. Most of the Snake River watershed lies between the Rocky Mountains on the east and the Columbia Plateau on the northwest. The largest tributary of the Columbia River, the Snake River watershed makes up about 41% of the entire Columbia River Basin. Its average discharge at the mouth constitutes 31% of the Columbia's flow at that point. Above the confluence, the Snake is slightly longer than

This is a document about List of crossings of the Snake River
  This is a list of bridges and other crossings of the Snake River, from the Columbia River upstream to its sources. Headwaters of the North Fork are at Big Springs near Island Park, Idaho, while Jackson Lake is at the head of the South Fork. These two forks of the Snake River come together at the base of the Menan Buttes.

This is a document about Middle River (Minnesota)
  The Middle River is a tributary of the Snake River in northwestern Minnesota in the United States. It flows for its entire length in Marshall County. Middle River was so named from its location at the midpoint of the Pembina Trail.

This is a document about Snake River (Yukon)
  The Snake River (Gwich'in: Gyuu Dazhoo Njik ) is in the Yukon Territory near the Northwest Territories border. It is the farthest east river in the Peel watershed, a major tributary of the Mackenzie River. The Snake is 300 km (186 mi) in length. The headwaters of the river are in the Werneke Mountains.

This is a document about Payette County, Idaho
 Snake River ; Payette River

This is a document about St. Croix River (Wisconsin–Minnesota)
  The St. Croix River rises in the northwestern corner of Wisconsin, out of Upper St. Croix Lake in Douglas County, near Solon Springs, approximately 20 mi south of Lake Superior. It flows south to Gordon, then southwest. It is joined by the Namekagon River in northern Burnett County, where it becomes significantly wider. A few miles downstream the St. Croix meets the boundary between Minnesota and Wisconsin, which it demarcates for another 130 mi until its confluence with the Mississippi River. Other major tributaries include the Kettle River, Snake River, and Sunrise River joining from the west, and the Apple River, Willow River, and Kinnickinnic River joining from the east. Just below Stillwater, Minnesota the river widens into Lake St. Croix, and eventually joins the Mississippi River at Prescott, Wisconsin, approximately 20 mi southeast of St. Paul, Minnesota.

This is a document about List of rivers of Minnesota
 Mississippi River ; St. Croix River (Minnesota, Wisconsin), 169 mi ; Sunrise River, 39.1 mi ; North Branch Sunrise River ; West Branch Sunrise River ; South Branch Sunrise River ; Snake River, 104 mi ; Groundhouse River, 39.8 mi ; South Fork Groundhouse River ; West Fork Groundhouse River ; Ann River, 14.4 mi ; Little Ann River, 11.9 mi ; Knife River, 27.4 mi ; Kettle River, 83.6 mi ; Grindstone River, 6.7 mi ; North Branch Grindstone River ; South Branch Grindstone River ; Pine River, 23.0 mi ; Willow River, 31.4 mi ; Little Willow River, 31.4 mi ; Moose Horn River, 36.4 mi ; Portage River, 8.8 mi ; West Fork Moose Horn River ; Split Rock River, 20.4 mi ; Dead Moose River, 15.2 mi ; West Branch Kettle River ; Sand Creek, 43.3 mi ; Lower Tamarack River, 39.0 mi ; Upper Tamarack River, 31.0 mi ; Brown's Creek (St. Croix River tributary), 9.7 mi

This is a document about Snake River
  for a short stretch, the Continental Divide separates the Snake watershed from the Bighorn River, a tributary of the Yellowstone River, which the Snake begins near. On the north the Snake River watershed is bounded by the Red Rock River, a tributary of the Beaverhead River, which flows into the Jefferson River and into the Missouri River, part of the Gulf of Mexico drainage basin. The rest of the Snake River watershed borders on several other major Columbia River tributaries - mostly the Spokane River to the north, but also Clark Fork in Montana to the northeast and the John Day River to the west. Of these, the Clark Fork (via

This is a document about Snake River (Sahtaneh River tributary)
  The Snake River is a river in Canada, located in northeastern British Columbia, 3,400 km west of Canada's capital city, Ottawa. The area around the Snake River grows mainly boreal (pine) forest, and is almost uninhabited, with less than two inhabitants per square kilometre. It lies in the boreal (subarctic) climate zone. The annual average temperature is −2 °C. The warmest month is July, when the average temperature is 16 °C, and the coldest is January, with −21 °C.

The Snake River in Minnesota starts in the town of St. Croix Falls, Wisconsin, and flows into the St. Croix River in Minnesota, about 13 miles east of Pine City.


Question: who wrote my country tis of thee lyrics

Answer: Samuel Francis Smith

This is a document about America (My Country, 'Tis of Thee)
  "America (My Country, 'Tis of Thee)" is an American patriotic song, the lyrics of which were written by Samuel Francis Smith. The melody used is the same as that of the national anthem of the United Kingdom, "God Save the Queen". The song served as one of the de facto national anthems of the United States (along with songs like "Hail, Columbia") before the adoption of "The Star-Spangled Banner" as the official U.S. national anthem in 1931.

This is a document about Samuel Francis Smith
  Samuel Francis Smith (October 21, 1808 – November 16, 1895) was an American Baptist minister, journalist, and author. He is best known for having written the lyrics to "My Country, 'Tis of Thee" (sung to the tune of "God Save The Queen"), which he entitled "America".

This is a document about Park Street Church
  serve Boston's urban poor.  In 1826, Edward Beecher, the brother of Harriet Beecher Stowe and son of Lyman Beecher, a notable abolitionist, became pastor of the church. On July 4, 1829, William Lloyd Garrison delivered his Address to the Colonization Society at Park Street, making his first major public statement against slavery. From 1829–1831, Lowell Mason, a notable Christian composer, served as choirmaster and organist. The church hosted the debut of "My Country, 'Tis of Thee", also known as "America", by Samuel Francis Smith on July 4, 1831. Park Street also played a role in founding the first "Homeland"

This is a document about Readville, Boston
  Italian stronghold through much of the 20th century but is now home to many African-American and Hispanic and Latino residents. The Blue Hill Community Church is a non-denominational church founded in 1888. At BHCC, Phillips Brooks preached his last sermon and his Christmas Carol "O Little Town of Bethlehem" had its first performance. Samuel Francis Smith first read his poem "America" at BHCC; it was later set to music and became known as "My Country Tis of Thee." St. Anne's Roman Catholic Church serves as the local parish. Former Boston Mayor Thomas Menino and Massachusetts State Representative Angelo Scaccia are both longtime Readville residents. In the early part of the 20th century, a prominent harness racing facility called Readville Trotting Park was located

This is a document about Nancy Bogen
  Ascending, and performed again on April 29, 2001 as part of Chanson and Lieder II. The earlier version can be found in the Gallery of thelarkascending.org. The current version can be found on Vimeo. My Country ‘Tis ; An illustrated reading of Archibald MacLeish’s poem"Men" followed by a slide choreography of My Country 'Tis of Thee with music by American composer Harold Seletsky. The story told via the music is of the burning of Kingston, NY by the British and various allies and henchmen during the American Revolution. It can be found on Vimeo. Licorice Moments ; An illustrated reading of François Villon’s celebrated

This is a document about Samuel Francis Smith
  From 1875 to 1880, he made many trips to Europe, Turkey, India, Ceylon and Burma to visit missionary outposts. He wrote a history of his adoptive home, entitled History of Newton, Massachusetts, which was published in 1880. Professor and author Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. recommended Smith as a potential candidate for an honorary Doctor of Letters degree from Harvard University in 1893. Harvard president Charles William Eliot declined, noting that "My Country 'Tis of Thee" was better known for its tune, which Smith did not write, rather than its lyrics. Holmes disagreed, noting that "his song will be sung centuries from now, when most of us and our pipings are forgotten."

This is a document about Samuel Francis Smith
  he left Waterville to go to Newton, Massachusetts. Smith did not stop writing. In addition to "My Country, 'Tis of Thee", Smith wrote over 150 other hymns. In 1843, he teamed with Baron Stow to compile a Baptist hymnal, The Psalmist. In Newton, Smith became editor of the Christian Review and other publications of the Baptist Missionary Union. He continued his ministry as well, becoming pastor of the First Baptist Church in Newton in the village of Newton Centre. In Newton, Smith bought a house at 1181 Centre Street. After twelve years as pastor of the Newton Centre church, he became editorial secretary of the BMU and served there for fifteen

This is a document about John Birmelin
  French and Indian War. "Der Laaf Kaaf" pertains to the Walking Purchase. John Birmelin's Pennsylvania German translation of the song "My Country, 'Tis of Thee" (often known as "America") was, and still remains, regularly sung at Fersommling and other Pennsylvania German events: Mei Land, ich sing von dir, Siess iss die Freiheet mir, Do will ich sei; So wie die alde Leit, So fiehl ich aa noch heit, Bin dir zu yedre Zeit Immer gedrei. An Felsebaerrye naus, Iwwer die Wolke drauss, Ring Freiheetsklang! Winters im diefe Schnee, Summers wann's Feld mit Glee, O Land, wie bischt du schee, Kling Freiheets Gsang! Unsrer Voreldre Gott, Fiehr uns in yedre Not, An deinre Hand! So lang mir dir gedrei, Bleibt des Land gross un frei; Du sollscht uns Keenich sei, Schutz unserm Land.

This is a document about The Star-Spangled Banner
  (, codified at ), which was signed by President Herbert Hoover. Before 1931, other songs served as the hymns of U.S. officialdom. "Hail, Columbia" served this purpose at official functions for most of the 19th century. "My Country, 'Tis of Thee", whose melody is identical to "God Save the Queen", the United Kingdom's national anthem, also served as a de facto national anthem. Following the War of 1812 and subsequent U.S. wars, other songs emerged to compete for popularity at public events, among them "America the Beautiful", which itself was being considered before 1931 as a candidate to become the national anthem of the United States.

This is a document about American patriotic music
  Thee," composed in 1831, have as themes natural wonder combined with freedom and liberty. Others, such as "America the Beautiful," express appreciation for the natural beauty of the United States and the hope for a better nation, wrote one hymn editor. However, in contrast to "My Country, 'Tis of Thee" and the "Star Spangled Banner", the "America the Beautiful" does not have the triumphalism found in many patriotic American songs. It was originally a poem composed by Katharine Lee Bates after she had experienced the view from Pikes Peak of fertile ground as far as the eye could see, and was sung to a variety of tunes until the present

This is a document about 1831 in poetry
  sung at an Independence Day gathering in Boston; known for its opening line "My country 'tis of thee", published by Mason in The Choir 1832 ; William Joseph Snelling, Truth: A New Year's Gift for Scribblers, a verse satire on contemporary poets, calling many of them inferior, especially those portraying American Indians with stereotypes ; John Greenleaf Whittier, Legends of New-England in Prose and Verse, the author's first book; uncomfortable with the gothic style of the volume, Whittier suppressed it later ; Emma Hart Willard, The Fulfillment of a Promise, includes "Rocked in the Cradle of the Deep", about the poet's trip home from Europe, which became a very popular poem set to music by Joseph P. Knight ; Nathaniel Parker Willis, Poem Delivered Before the Society of United Brothers

This is a document about Of Thee I Sing (song)
  "Of Thee I Sing" is a 1931 song composed by George Gershwin, with lyrics by Ira Gershwin. It was introduced by William Gaxton and Lois Moran in the 1931 musical Of Thee I Sing.

This is a document about Ferdinand Lee Barnett (Chicago)
  In 1892, three men, including a friend of Ida B. Wells, were lynched by a white mob while in police custody in Memphis, Tennessee, in an event known as the Peoples Grocery lynching. The act sparked a national outcry and Barnett took part in meetings in Chicago called to organize reaction. At a meeting of one thousand people at Bethel A. M. E. Church, Reverend W. Gaines' call for the crowd to sing the then de facto national anthem, "My Country, 'Tis of Thee", but the call was refused, one member of the audience declaring, "I don't want to sing that song until this country is what it claims to be, 'sweet land of

This is a document about Rufst du, mein Vaterland
  originally with Danish lyrics, the German adaptation for use in Prussia dates to 1795), and as anthem of the United States, "My Country, 'Tis of Thee" (1831). In Switzerland during the 1840s and 1850s, the hymn was regularly sung at patriotic events and at political conventions. It is referred to as "the national anthem" (die Nationalhymne)in 1857, in the contest of a "serenade" performed for general Guillaume Henri Dufour. The Scottish physician John Forbes, who visited Switzerland in 1848, likewise reports that the tune of 'God save the king' "seems to be adopted as the national anthem of the Swiss also". As in the American "My Country,

This is a document about Martin Luther King Jr. authorship issues
  and rhythmically repeated an inspiring phrase that captured her vision for the future-'I have a dream'". Bevel claimed that her use of this memorable phrase is what inspired King to begin to use it as a fixture in his sermons. This closing section also partially resembles Archibald Carey Jr.'s address to the 1952 Republican National Convention. The similarity is that both speeches end with a recitation of the first verse of Samuel Francis Smith's popular patriotic hymn "America" ("My Country, 'Tis of Thee"), and the speeches refer to famous, iconic American mountain ranges, but only Stone Mountain of Georgia specifically appears in both speeches. King and Carey

This is a document about I Have a Dream
  King's speech used words and ideas from his own speeches and other texts. For years, he had spoken about dreams, quoted from Samuel Francis Smith's popular patriotic hymn "America (My Country, 'Tis of Thee)", and referred extensively to the Bible. The idea of constitutional rights as an "unfulfilled promise" was suggested by Clarence Jones. The final passage from King's speech closely resembles Archibald Carey Jr.'s address to the 1952 Republican National Convention: both speeches end with a recitation of the first verse of "America", and the speeches share the name of one of several mountains from which both exhort "let freedom ring". King also is said to have used portions of Prathia Hall's speech at the site of a burned-down African-American church in Terrell County, Georgia, in September 1962, in which she used the repeated phrase "I have

This is a document about Woody Guthrie
  Woodrow Wilson Guthrie (July 14, 1912 – October 3, 1967) was an American singer-songwriter and one of the most significant figures in American folk music. His work focused on themes of American socialism and anti-fascism. His music includes songs such as "This Land Is Your Land", written in response to the American exceptionalist song "God Bless America", and has inspired several generations both politically and musically. Guthrie wrote hundreds of country, folk, and children's songs, along with ballads and improvised works. Dust Bowl Ballads, Guthrie's album of songs about the Dust Bowl period, was included on Mojo magazine's list of 100 Records That Changed The World,

This is a document about Variations on "America"
  Composed in 1891 when Ives was seventeen, it is an arrangement of a traditional tune, known as "America (My Country, 'Tis of Thee)" (words by Samuel Francis Smith), and was at the time the de facto anthem of the United States. The tune is also widely recognised in Thomas Arne's orchestration as the British National Anthem, "God Save the Queen", and in the former anthems of Russia ("The Prayer of Russians", from 1816 to 1833), Switzerland ("Rufst du, mein Vaterland", until 1961), and Germany ("Heil dir im Siegerkranz", from 1871 to 1918), as well as being the current national anthem of Liechtenstein ("Oben am jungen Rhein") and the royal anthem of Norway, "Kongesangen". Ives prepared it for a Fourth of July celebration in 1892 at the Methodist

This is a document about Voyage (David Crosby album)
  Crosby & Nash ; 15) "My Country 'Tis of Thee" (Smith/trad., arr. Hedges) — David Crosby 1) "Long Time Gone" (Demo) (Crosby) — Crosby & Stills ; 2) "Guinnevere" (Alternate Mix) (Crosby) — David Crosby ; 3) "Almost Cut My Hair" (Demo) (Crosby) — David Crosby ; 4) "Games" (Demo) (Crosby) — David Crosby ; 5) "Déjà Vu" (Demo) (Crosby) — Crosby & Nash ; 6) "Triad" (Demo) (Crosby) — David Crosby ; 7) "Cowboy Movie" (Studio Version) (Crosby) — David Crosby ; 8) "Kids and Dogs" (Unissued Song) (Crosby) — David Crosby ; 9) "Have You Seen the Stars Tonight?" (Alternate Mix) (Kantner/Crosby) — Paul Kantner/Jefferson Starship

This is a document about Emma Waldo Smith Marshall
  Emma Waldo Smith was born in Rangoon, Burma, the daughter of American missionaries Daniel Appleton White Smith and Sarah Lincoln Stevens Smith, Her father was the president of the Karen Baptist Theological Seminary. Her grandfather, Samuel Francis Smith, was an editor and writer, best known as author of the lyrics to "America (My Country 'Tis of Thee)", She lived in Newton Centre, Massachusetts as a child, and graduated from Vassar College in 1900, and spent a year in training at the Newton Theological Institution, before returning to join her parents' work in Burma.

Samuel Francis Smith wrote the lyrics to "My Country, 'Tis of Thee," also known as "America."


Question: who played bart millard in i can only imagin

Answer: J. Michael Finley

This is a document about Bart Millard
  Millard's song "I Can Only Imagine" was inspired by his father's death, and was made into a film also titled I Can Only Imagine. The film was released on March 16, 2018.

This is a document about I Can Only Imagine (film)
  I Can Only Imagine is a 2018 American Christian biographical drama film directed by the Erwin Brothers and written by Alex Cramer, Jon Erwin, and Brent McCorkle, based on the story behind the group MercyMe's song of the same name, the best-selling Christian single of all time. The film stars J. Michael Finley as Bart Millard, the lead singer who wrote the song about his relationship with his father (Dennis Quaid). Madeline Carroll, Trace Adkins, Priscilla Shirer, and Cloris Leachman also star. I Can Only Imagine was released in the United States on March 16, 2018. It was a box office success, grossing $86 million worldwide against a production budget of $7 million, earning more than twelve times its budget. It is the fifth highest-grossing music biopic and sixth highest-grossing Christian film of all-time in the United States. Some critics praised it as inspiring and noted it as an improvement compared to other faith-based films, while others called it flat and by-the-numbers. At the 2018 Dove Awards, the film won "Inspirational Film of the Year".

This is a document about 33rd GMA Dove Awards
 "I Can Only Imagine" - Bart Millard; Simpleville Music (ASCAP) Bart Millard Mac Powell Nicole C. Mullen Third Day Michael W. Smith ZOEgirl Toby McKeehan "Somebody's Watching Me"; Toby Mac; Toby McKeehan, Michael-Anthony Taylor, Rockwell "Invade My Soul"; By The Tree; Chuck Dennie "Live For Him"; Pillar; Rob Beckley, Travis Jenkins, Brad Noone, Michael Wittig "Come Together"; Third Day; Tai Anderson, Brad Avery, David Carr, Mark Lee, Mac Powell "I Can Only Imagine" - MercyMe; Bart Millard "Above All"; Michael W. Smith; Lenny LeBlanc, Paul Baloche "He's Watching Me"; Gaither Vocal Band; Tina Sadler "Thank You, Lord, For Your Blessings On Me"; Easter Brothers; Russell Easter, James

This is a document about Dennis Quaid
  starred in A Dog's Purpose as Ethan Montgomery, billed as "a celebration of the special connection between humans and their dogs". In 2018, Quaid starred in I Can Only Imagine, where he played Arthur Millard, the father of singer and songwriter Bart Millard, and Kin, where he plays Hal, the father of the film's two protagonists. In March 2018, it was confirmed by director Sean McNamara that Quaid would portray President Ronald Reagan in an upcoming biopic, titled Reagan, this would be the second time Quaid portrayed a U.S. president. The film was slated to have a summer 2019 release, however it is still in pre-production and was scheduled to begin filming in May 2020, but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

This is a document about Roger Bart
  on The George Carlin Show (1994), and on Bram and Alice (2002) he portrayed Bram's assistant, Paul Newman. He became widely known to viewers with his portrayal of George Williams, the unhinged homicidal pharmacist in love with Bree Van de Kamp (Marcia Cross), on Desperate Housewives, which earned him a SAG Award. Bart provided the singing voice for teenage Hercules in Disney's Hercules, as well as the singing voice of Scamp in Lady and the Tramp II: Scamp's Adventure. He was featured in the 2004 remake of The Stepford Wives with Nicole Kidman, Matthew Broderick, Bette Midler, Christopher Walken and Glenn Close, and in The Producers (2005), in which he reprised his role of "common-law assistant"

This is a document about I Can Only Imagine (MercyMe song)
  "I Can Only Imagine" is a song by Christian rock band MercyMe. Written and composed by lead singer Bart Millard, it was originally recorded for the band's 1999 independent album The Worship Project before being included on their 2001 major-label debut album Almost There. The song was the last to be written for The Worship Project; in writing it, Millard drew upon his thoughts about his father's death. Lyrically, it imagines what it would be like to be in front of God in heaven; it opens with just a piano before building to include guitar and drums. After being released on October 12, 2001, as the second single from Almost There, "I Can Only Imagine" became a major success on Christian radio;

This is a document about The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus
  The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus is a 2009 fantasy film directed by Terry Gilliam and written by Gilliam and Charles McKeown. The film follows a travelling theatre troupe whose leader, having made a bet with the Devil, takes audience members through a magical mirror to explore their imaginations and present them with a choice between self-fulfilling enlightenment or gratifying ignorance. The film stars Heath Ledger, Christopher Plummer, Verne Troyer, Andrew Garfield, Lily Cole, Tom Waits, Johnny Depp, Colin Farrell and Jude Law, though Ledger's death one-third of the way through filming caused production to be temporarily suspended. Ledger's role was recast with Depp, Law, and Farrell portraying

This is a document about Bart Patton
  Bart's first acting job was as Scampy the Clown in Super Circus where he was credited as "Bardy Patton". He continued making acting appearances in such television shows as 77 Sunset Strip while in high school. He replaced Burt Reynolds on Riverboat. Patton attended UCLA, where he met his future wife, Mary Mitchel, and Francis Ford Coppola, with whom he made a student film. He dropped out after only one semester to make Gidget Goes Hawaiian, marrying Mitchel after completion of the film. Patton stayed married to Mary Mitchel (1961-1980) (divorced) (2 children). Coppola cast the couple in his Dementia 13 that introduced him to producer Roger Corman and Jack Hill, who reshot some

This is a document about John Vargas
 Only When I Laugh (1981) - Manuel ; Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan (1982) - Jedda ; My Tutor (1983) - Manuel ; Mass Appeal (1984) - Scott Alvarez ; Wildcats (1986) - Poolhall Man #3 ; The Hanoi Hilton (1987) - Oliviera ; Last Stand at Lang Mei (1989) - Pvt. Wolfdreamer ; Sunset Park (1996) - Mr. Santiago ; In Dark Places (1997) - Karl ; Primary Colors (1998) - Lorenzo Delgado ; The Minus Man (1999) - Priest ; Largo (2000) - Lucky Moreno ; Across the Line (2000) - Alvarez ; Zoolander (2001) - Italian Designer ; The Commission (2003) - Loran Hall ; Charlotta-TS (2010) - Father Juan ; The Lost One (2015) - Gypsy

This is a document about I Can Only Imagine (film)
  The film was announced in December 2016. Dennis Quaid joined the cast in January 2017. Broadway actor J. Michael Finley, who sang all the songs in the movie, makes his film debut as Bart Millard. The same month, it was announced that the film was slated for release in the spring of 2018. In August 2017, Lionsgate and Roadside Attractions signed on as distributors for the film for a nationwide release in the United States.

This is a document about The Revenant (2009 film)
 David Anders as Barthenoy (Bart) Gregory: Having come back from death as a revenant, Bart must deal with his new condition, a potential for a second chance on life, and trying to come to terms with the girlfriend that he had left behind. ; Chris Wylde as Joey Leubner: As Bart's best friend, Joey acts as a partner and sidekick to Bart, providing him background of Bart's deteriorating condition, and encouraging him to act on his darker impulses in order to survive. ; Louise Griffiths as Janet: Bart's love interest who is devastated after Bart's unexpected death. ; Jacy King as Mathilda (Matty): A Wiccan nurse who is close friend to Janet, Matty acts as the voice of reason. ; Emiliano Torres - Miguel ; Senyo Amoaku – liquor store robber ; Cathy Shim – Sophia Chang ; David Ury – ATM robber ; Wally White – The Minister ; Zana Zefi – Ms. Rahmanov ; Clint Jung - Marty

This is a document about Bill Fraser
  (uncredited) ; What a Crazy World (1963) - Milligan ; The Americanization of Emily (1964) - Port Commander ; Joey Boy (1965) - Sgt. Maj. Dobbs ; A Home of Your Own (1965) - The Shop Steward ; Masquerade (1965) - Dunwoody ; A Touch of Uplift (1965) - Charles Trotter ; I've Gotta Horse (1965) - Mr. Bartholemew ; David Copperfield (1966) - Mr. Micawber ; Diamonds for Breakfast (1968) - Bookseller ; The Best House in London (1969) - Inspector MacPherson ; Captain Nemo and the Underwater City (1969) - Barnaby Bath ; All the Way Up (1970)

This is a document about Toshiyuki Morikawa
  Grimm – Jakob Grimm ; The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus – Tony ; Colin Farrell ; American Outlaws – Jesse James ; The Recruit – James Douglas Clayton ; S.W.A.T. – Officer Jim Street ; The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus – Imaginarium Tony 3 ; Total Recall – Douglas Quaid/Karl Hauser ; Artemis Fowl – Artemis Fowl I ; Joaquin Phoenix ; Signs – Merrill Hess ; It's All About Love – John ; Ladder 49 – Jack Morrison ; Hotel Rwanda – Jack Daglish ; The Village – Lucius Hunt ; The Air Up There – Buddy Gibson (Keith

This is a document about Perry Millward
  Millward's first television appearance was playing a character, Warren, in an episode of The Bill in 2003; he returned to the long-running series in 2008, playing the character Joey Tomlinson. He also portrayed The Artful Dodger in a televised stage production hosted by Shane Ritchie called Celebrate 'Oliver!' on 26 December 2005 alongside Ron Moody (Fagin) and Joseph McManners (Oliver) in which the cast sang the biggest hits from the West End production. On 7 July 2006 he starred as Mike in the one-hour television film drama That Summer Day broadcast on CBBC, about the bombings of the London public transport system that occurred a

This is a document about Hiroshi Iwasaki
  Cabbie (Mark Curry)) ; Armageddon (2004 NTV edition) (Dan Truman (Billy Bob Thornton)) ; August: Osage County (Charles Aiken (Chris Cooper)) ; Austin Powers in Goldmember (Mini-Me, Danny DeVito, Ozzy Osbourne, Mini-Austin) ; Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me (Mini-Me) ; The Aviator (Noah Dietrich (John C. Reilly)) ; The Bank Job (Bambas (Alki David)) ; Batman Begins (2008 Fuji TV edition) (Alfred Pennyworth (Michael Caine)) ; The Beach (Daffy (Robert Carlyle)) ; Black Hawk Down (Danny McKnight (Tom Sizemore)) ; Catch Me If You Can (Roger Strong (Martin Sheen)) ; Cats & Dogs (Calico) ; The Cell (Carl Rudolph Stargher (Vincent D'Onofrio)) ;

This is a document about List of major music film awards apart from Academy Award
  Bart ; Steve Bartek (IFMCA) ; Ben Bartlett (BAFTA) ; Stephen Barton ; Arnau Bataller (IFMCA) ; Tyler Bates ; Jeff Beal (Emmy) ; Christophe Beck (Emmy) ; Jeff Beck (BAFTA) ; Hal Beckett ; Dom Beken ; Jacques Belasco ; David Bell ; Richard Bellis (Emmy) ; César Benito ; Charles Bernstein ; Amin Bhatia ; Nick Bicât ; Alan Blaikely ; Howard Blake ; Terence Blanchard ; Frankie Blue ; Todd Boekelheide ; Marc Bonilla ; Pieter Bourke ; Simon Boswell ; Perry Botkin Jr. ; David Bowie ; Mark Bradshaw ; Steven Bramson ; Jon Brion ; Michael Brook ; Joseph

This is a document about Mickey Jones
 Rollin' on the River (1971) - First Edition Drummer ; The Dream Makers (1975, TV Movie) - Jesse ; The Rockford Files (1977) - Chubby Pool Player ; The Incredible Hulk (1978-1981) - George / Doc / Ricky Detter ; The Dukes of Hazzard (1979) - B.B. Davenport ; Galactica 1980 (1980) - (Pilot Episode: Donzo) ; CHiPs (1980) Satin's Angels (Big Daddy) ; Flo (1980–1981) - Chester ; M*A*S*H (1981) - M.P. #2 ; Hear No Evil - (1982 made-for-TV-movie) Blackman ; V: The Series (1984–1985) - Chris Farber ; V: The Final Battle (1984) - Chris Farber ; Misfits of Science (1985) - Arnold Biefneiter ; ALF (1986) ; In The Heat of the Night "Country Mouse, City Mouse" (as Willie Baylor) (1989) - Willie Baylor ; 21 Jump

This is a document about List of Father Ted characters
  The role was played by Derrick Branche, who was Gupte in Only When I Laugh, which also starred Richard Wilson, who appears as himself in another episode. ("The Mainland"). ; Father Seamus Fitzpatrick (Patrick Kavanagh), to whom Ted once lent his copy of Stephen King's The Shining, collector of (German) war memorabilia and not-so-closet Nazi. His ex-Wehrmacht housemate unfortunately confuses Valium with cyanide, spelling swift death all round. ("Are You Right There, Father Ted?"). ; Father Brian Eno, an attendee at "It's Great Being a Priest '98", portrayed by Brian Eno himself. ; Father Kevin (Tommy Tiernan), a young priest

This is a document about Jeff Imada
  "Needles") (stunts) ; Police Academy 3: Back in Training (1986) (stunts) ; Gung Ho (1986) (stunts) ; Hollywood Vice Squad (1986) (stunts) ; House (1986) (stunts) ; Pee-wee's Big Adventure (1985) (stunts) ; Rambo: First Blood Part II (1985) (stunts) (as Jeffrey Imada) ; Missing in Action 2: The Beginning (1985) (stunts) ; Dreamscape (1984) ; Uncommon Valor (1983) (stunts) ; Breathless (1983) (stunts) ; Fire and Ice (1983) (stunts) ; Blue Thunder (1983) (stunts) ; The A-Team (1983) TV series (stunts) ; Matt Houston (1982) TV series (stunts) ; Blade Runner (1982) (stunts) ; Cheech and Chong's Nice Dreams (1981) (Wine steward)

This is a document about Bart Williams (actor)
  Bart Williams (September 18, 1949 – June 28, 2015) was an American character actor and documentary filmmaker. He was also an advocate and official for the Actors' Equity Association. Williams was a principal councilor on the Actors' Equity's Western Regional Board and National Council, as well as a member of the association's Membership Education and Hollywood Boulevard Theaters Committees. Williams co-directed, produced, and wrote The Last First Comic, a 2010 documentary focusing on Irv Benson, who is believed to be the last surviving burlesque & Vaudeville comedian. Williams' documentary earned several awards from film festivals. Williams died of cancer at his home in Bullhead City, Arizona, on June 28, 2015, at the age of 65.

J. Michael Finley played Bart Millard in the film "I Can Only Imagine."


Question: how many episodes of the pjs are there

Answer: 44

This is a document about List of The PJs episodes
  This is a list of all episodes of The PJs.

This is a document about History of The WB
 The original run of The PJs debuted on Fox on Sunday, January 10, 1999, following the network's coverage of the NFC Divisional Playoffs. Two days later, the second episode aired in its regular Tuesday night time slot, following King of the Hill. 44 episodes aired during the show's run of 2 years and 4 months. Each took over 2 months to produce, owing to the laborious stop-motion process. After two seasons on Fox, the show moved to The WB in 2000. Its high budget and declining ratings led to its cancellation in 2001; the final 2 episodes weren't aired until 2003. ; The Oblongs premiered on April 1, 2001

This is a document about List of Bananas in Pyjamas episodes
  This is a list of episodes from the Australian children's television series Bananas in Pyjamas.

This is a document about The PJs
  moved to The WB in 2000. Its high budget and declining ratings led to its cancellation in 2001; the final 2 episodes weren't aired until 2003. The show aired in syndication for a time on Trio, Fuse, MTV2, and Cartoon Network's Adult Swim. As of 2020, the series is no longer syndicated by other television networks, but is occasionally shown on the ad-supported video on demand service Pluto TV, specifically on the service's Kevin Hart's Laugh Out Loud! Network and the entire series is available for viewing on NBC's streaming service Peacock. The PJs won 3 Emmy Awards and one Annie Award during its run. Quincy Jones' son QD3, along with George Clinton, produced the theme music for the show.

This is a document about Komiks (TV series)
  ''For a detailed episode guide, see the main article below. '' The first season of the series presented 12 distinct stories over the course of 13 episodes. One of the stories (Agua Bendita) had two parts. The second season likewise had 12 distinct stories but had 15 episodes, because three of the stories (Inday sa Balitaw, Bampy, and Si Pardina at mga Duwende) had two parts each. The third and fourth season of Komiks breaks from the pattern of the first two seasons, with the entire season devoted to a single story, Da Adventures of Pedro Penduko. Matt Evans of PBB Teen Edition stars

This is a document about List of Disney programs broadcast in Italy
 PB&J Otter 65 episodes, 1998 ; Pepper Ann 65 episodes, 1997 ; Phineas and Ferb 222 episodes, 2007 ; The Book of Pooh 36 episodes, 2001 ; The Proud Family, 53 episodes, 2001

This is a document about My Dad Wrote a Porno
  the advertising section of the podcast and performed by the three presenters. The rest of the podcast is unscripted and spontaneous. Cooper and Levine have not heard the chapter before the recording, whereas Morton has read through it shortly before recording the episode to familiarise himself with the phrasing and prepare for any accents he may have to adopt. Series 1 (2015) consisted of 13 episodes, with 4 "Footnotes" episodes and a "Best of" episode. Series 2 (2016) consisted of 17 episodes, with 16 "Footnotes" episodes and a "Best of" episode. Series 3 (2017) consisted of 15 episodes, with 14 "Footnotes" episodes and a "Best of" episode.

This is a document about Bunty Aur Billy
 1) The Yogi ; 2) Itching ; 3) Babysitting ; 4) Haunted House ; 5) Cook Bunty ; 6) Wet Billy ; 7) Swimming ; 8) Coco Jumbo ; 9) Party ; 10) Katreena ; 11) Harvest Attik ; 12) Safari ; 13) Kites ; 14) Treekers Paradise ; 15) Badminton ; 16) Sick Dunky ; 17) Dunky's Day In ; 18) Bird House ; 19) Cool Party ; 20) Decorations ; 21) Viola ; 22) Another Intro There are 181 episodes listed so far. In the US, it is expanded into three seasons each of 26 episodes with 78 episodes each.

This is a document about Rich Correll
  2007–2008) ; The Suite Life on Deck (36 episodes, 2008) ; Mostly Ghostly (2008) ; I'm in the Band (4 episodes, 2010) ; Are We There Yet? (4 episodes, 2011) ; How to Rock (3 episodes, 2011) ; A.N.T. Farm (28 episodes, 2012) ; See Dad Run (9 episodes, 2012–2014) ; Jessie (32 episodes 2012–2015) ; Liv and Maddie (3 episodes 2014) ; Partners (6 episodes, 2014) ; Austin and Ally (2 episodes, 2014) ; Mighty Med (6 episodes, 2014–2015) ; K.C. Undercover (2 episodes, 2015) ; Lab Rats (1 episode, 2015) ; Bunk'd (11 episodes, 2015–present) ; Fuller House (34 episodes, 2016–2020) ; Raven's Home (5 episodes, 2019-2020) ; The Girl Who Believes in Miracles (2021)

This is a document about List of The Sleepover Club episodes
  This is a complete episode list for the Australian children's television series The Sleepover Club. Two series have been developed to date with each series consisting of twenty-six episodes. Numerous DVDs have been released including complete series, also including the series created by the season 2 girls.

This is a document about List of The Podcats episodes
  The following is a list of episodes of the Okidoki Studio cartoon television series The Podcats, which premiered on September 7, 2009. The show aired on France 3, France Ô, TV3 and many more. Seasons each have 26 episodes, bringing the total to 78 episodes.

This is a document about Machinima, Inc.
  with Miles "Tails" Prower, Doctor Eggman, Earthworm Jim, and Knuckles the Echidna. The crew faces typical problems such as survival and being broke while also facing less typical problems such as starting a fire, the world falling apart, and games of Chicken. The series originally concluded with seven seasons and ninety-one episodes, with a total of thirteen episodes per season. It, like Sanity Not Included, aired on the primary Machinima channel, but was moved to the Happy Hour channel for its final seasons. An eighth season consisting of 8 episodes was released on March 19th, 2019 under the title Hedgehog for Hire. An animated spinoff

This is a document about The Kids in the Hall (TV series)
  There were 102 episodes produced plus 9 compilation episodes. Some episodes had two versions, an American version and a Canadian version, often with alternate sketches.

This is a document about Theodore Tugboat
 Season One (1993–1994) ; Season Two (1994–1995) ; Season Three (1995–1996) ; Season Four (1996–1997) ; Season Five (1997–2001) There are 130 episodes in the series. They were produced in five seasons:

This is a document about Duane Clark
  Miami (7 episodes, 2004–06) • CSI: NY (10 episodes, 2005–12) • Medium (2 episodes, 2005) • Jericho (1 episodes, 2006) • Meadowlands (4 episodes, 2007) • XIII: The Conspiracy (2 episodes, 2008) • Crusoe (2 episodes, 2008) • The Philanthropist (1 episode, 2009) • Three Rivers (1 episode, 2009) • Mercy (1 episode, 2009) • Hawaii Five-0 (8 episodes, 2011–2020) • XIII: The Series (3 episodes, 2011-12) • Vegas (3 episodes, 2012–13) • Hostages (1 episode, 2013) • Helix (2 episodes, 2014) • Graceland (2 episodes, 2014–15) • The Messengers (2 episodes, 2015) • Of Kings and Prophets (2 episodes, 2016) • APB (2 episodes, 2017) • Somewhere Between (2 episodes, 2017) • MacGyver (4 episodes, 2017–20) • Magnum P.I. (1 episode, 2018)

This is a document about List of Dyesebel (2014 TV series) episodes
 No = Overall episode number ; Ep = Episode number by month ; The show was originally planned to have 185 episodes, and was originally set to run until November 2014. However, it ended with an incomplete storyline on July 18, 2014, with only 88 episodes produced, and 87 were aired (two produced episodes were merged into a single special for the series finale).

This is a document about Adult animation in the United States
  fire Bakshi's writing team and hire professional Los Angeles screenwriters. When Bakshi refused to cooperate with the network, the series was canceled. FOX's The PJs, airing from 1999 to 2001, featured Eddie Murphy and his "stop motion animated story of life within the projects," with the name an abbreviation for "the projects." This show lasted three seasons, but later was cancelled in 2001, fading into obscurity. Space Ghost: Coast to Coast ran on Cartoon Network from 1994 to 2001, then on Adult Swim from 2001 to 2004, followed by being on GameTap from 2006 to 2008. The first two seasons

This is a document about About Safety
  ; Clyde Goes Hitchhiking Clyde and the Tornado ; Clyde Flies a Kite ; Clyde Learns About Water Safety Clyde Takes a Swim ; Clyde Learns About Germs ; Clyde Explores the Medicine Chest Clyde Tests His Bicycle ; Clyde Enjoys Bicycle Safety There are 47 episodes total, each 3 to 6 minutes long. The episodes, as grouped roughly by subject into 16 groups by MAETV, are: Group 101 Group 102 Group 103 Group 104 Group 105 Group 106 Group 107 Group 108 Group 109 Group 110 Group 111 Group 112 Group 113 Group 114 Group 115 Group 116

This is a document about Christian Sebaldt
 The Secret World of Alex Mack (1994-1995) - 13 episodes ; America's Most Wanted (1995) - 1 episode ; Pacific Blue (1996-1997) - 31 episodes ; Addams Family Reunion (1998) - Television film ; Time Share (1999) - Television film ; The Brothers García (2000) - 1 episode ; The Even Stevens Movie (2003) - Television film ; Starship Troopers 2: Hero of the Federation (2004) - Television film ; Species III (2004) - Television film ; Phil of the Future (2004) - 1 episode ; On the Lot (2007) - 3 episodes ; CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (2008-2015) - 74 episodes ; Rush Hour (2016) - 6 episodes ; Lucifer (2017)

This is a document about Hank Smith (animator)
  Greatest Adventure of All (1982) ; Here Comes Garfield (1982) ; Is This Goodbye, Charlie Brown? (1983) ; It's an Adventure, Charlie Brown (1983) ; What Have We Learned, Charlie Brown? (1983) ; Garfield on the Town (1983) ; It's Flashbeagle, Charlie Brown (1984) ; Snoopy's Getting Married, Charlie Brown (1985) ; The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show (7 episodes, 1983–1985) ; The Jetsons (51 episodes, 1985–1987) ; You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown (1985) ; The Bugs Bunny and Tweety Show (1986) ; Bobby's World (36 episodes, 1990–1996) (animation director) ; The Powerpuff Girls (1998-2005) ; The Powerpuff Girls Movie (2002)

The PJs aired a total of 22 episodes over two seasons.


Question: who initiated the look east policy and in which year

Answer: 1991

This is a document about Japan–Malaysia relations
  The "Look East Policy" was an economic policy announced by the fourth and currently seventh Prime Minister of Malaysia, Mahathir Mohamad during the "5th Joint Annual Conference of MAJECA/JAMECA" at the Hilton Hotel, Kuala Lumpur on 8 February 1982. The policy was established as a follow-up to the "Buy British Last" policy that was also announced by the prime minister in October 1981. The policy sought to learn from Japan and South Korea, regarded as superpowers of the East, the work ethics, practices and policies that have helped the two nations advance in various industrial and economic sectors at times much more than its Western counterparts. Students and

This is a document about Look East policy (India)
  India's Look East policy is an effort to cultivate extensive economic and strategic relations with the nations of Southeast Asia to bolster its standing as a regional power and a counterweight to the strategic influence of the People's Republic of China. Initiated in 1991, it marked a strategic shift in India’s perspective of the world. It was developed and enacted during the government of Prime Minister Narsimha Rao (1991–1996) and rigorously pursued by the successive administrations of Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1998–2004) and Manmohan Singh (2004–2014). The success of Look East policy enthused the Mandarins of South-Block to develop the policy into more action oriented, project and outcome based policy. After a couple of decades, India’s Act-East Policy, which was announced in 2014 by the Prime minister Narendra Modi's administration, became a successor to the Look-East Policy.

This is a document about Look to the East policy
  The Look to the East policy is a strategy in Iran's foreign policy that has been proposed since the beginning of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's presidency in 2005. Of course, there is no consensus among experts as to which countries are among the goals of the Look to the East policy, and from which point of view this policy should be viewed, and there are at least three different views. This policy falls within the theoretical framework of constructivism.

This is a document about Looking East to Look West
  Looking East to Look West: Lee Kuan Yew's Mission India won India's most prestigious literary non-fiction prize, the Vodafone Crossword Book Award for 2009. Written by Sunanda K. Datta-Ray, the book is a "profound" and "intricate" analytic-history of India's first major foreign policy innovation since Non-alignment: the Look East policy. The policy began, according to Datta-Ray, during P.V. Narasimha Rao's tenure as Prime Minister of India. Rao devised the policy as only the first stage of a strategy to foster economic and security cooperation with the United States. However Looking East became an end in itself, and Singapore a valid destination, largely because of Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew. Today, Singapore is the route for the bulk of foreign direct investment into India and the channel for Indian companies to export to the international market. Datta-Ray details how this came about on the basis of eight one-on-one conversations with Lee, a series of interviews with supporting actors and a host of, till now, unseen documents, spanning peoples and historical records over nearly 75 years.

This is a document about Look East policy (India)
  hesitant relationship with many states in Southeast Asia as such diplomatic relations were given relatively low priority. India's "Look East" policy was developed and enacted during the governments of prime ministers P.V. Narasimha Rao (1991–1996) and Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1998–2004). Along with economic liberalisation and moving away from Cold War-era policies and activities, India's strategy has focused on forging close economic and commercial ties, increasing strategic and security cooperation and the emphasis of historic cultural and ideological links. India sought to create and expand regional markets for trade, investments and industrial development. It also began strategic and military cooperation with nations concerned by the expansion of China's economic and strategic influence.

This is a document about Look to the East policy
  interests. The Look to the East policy focused on securance of the country's equipment needs from countries such as China, Russia, and North Korea. Given the success of cooperation with the countries of the Eastern sphere (the mentioned countries), the Look to the East policy as a special strategy used by the Iran's presidents (Messrs. "Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani", "Mohammad Khatami", "Mahmoud Ahmadinejad" and even "Hassan Rouhani"). Of course, among the mentioned governments, during Ahmadinejad's presidency, due to the unprecedented pressure of the West on the Islamic Republic of Iran under political pretexts, this idea took over the country's diplomatic apparatus, which is the key to solving fundamental problems in foreign policy not

This is a document about Look East policy (Bangladesh)
  Look East policy refers to the foreign policy of Bangladesh which is designed to promote its relations with East and Southeast Asian countries covering economic, defence, cultural and other interests.

This is a document about Foreign relations of India
  emphasis on the economic development of backward north eastern region of India taking advantage of huge market of ASEAN as well as of the energy resources available in some of the member countries of ASEAN like Burma. Look-east policy was launched in 1991 just after the end of the cold war, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. After the start of liberalisation, it was a very strategic policy decision taken by the government in the foreign policy. To quote Prime Minister Manmohan Singh "it was also a strategic shift in India's vision of the world and India's place in the evolving global economy". The

This is a document about Zhou Enlai
  Zhou Enlai (5 March 1898 – 8 January 1976) was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China serving from 1 October 1949 until his death on 8 January 1976. Zhou served under Chairman Mao Zedong and helped the Communist Party rise to power, later helping consolidate its control, form its foreign policy, and develop the Chinese economy. As a diplomat, Zhou served as the Chinese foreign minister from 1949 to 1958. Advocating peaceful coexistence with the West after the Korean War, he participated in the 1954 Geneva Conference and the 1955 Bandung Conference, and helped orchestrate Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China. He helped devise policies regarding disputes with the United States, Taiwan, the Soviet Union (after 1960), India, and Vietnam. Zhou survived

This is a document about Presidency of Calvin Coolidge
  Japan who favored expansionism over cooperation with Western powers. The Coolidge administration at first avoided engagement with the Republic of China, which was led by Sun Yat-sen and his successor, Chiang Kai-shek. The administration protested the Northern Expedition when it resulted in attacks on foreigners, and refused to consider renegotiating treaties reached with China when it had been under the rule of the Qing dynasty. In 1927, Chiang purged his government of Communists and began to seek U.S. support. Seeking closer relations with China, Secretary of State Kellogg agreed to grant tariff autonomy, meaning that China would have the right to set import duties on American goods.

This is a document about Embassy of China, Washington, D.C.
  In the wake of the China-U.S. rapprochement of the early 1970s initiated by president Richard Nixon and his National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger, the principle of opening a liaison office, to be led by Chinese diplomat Huang Zhen, was agreed during Kissinger's visit to Beijing in February 1973, together with that of a parallel U.S. liaison office in Beijing. The first 10-strong delegation arrived in Washington on April 18, 1973, a few weeks ahead of the formal opening in May, and initially stayed for several months at the luxury Mayflower Hotel. For the permanent chancery, Huang initially tried to purchase the former International Inn, then called the Ramada Inn, a highly visible building on Thomas Circle

This is a document about Japan–Malaysia relations
  servants have been sent to study courses in industrial, technical, executive and commercial sectors. Official figures have estimated as much as 15,000–16,000 Malaysian citizens benefited from the policy since the inception in 1982, and the current Malaysian government has sought to revise the policy to include green technology and biotechnology. Since Mahathir return to become the Prime Minister in 2019, he has revived the "Look East" policy and urge more Malaysians to study in Japan while at the same time welcoming any Japanese universities headed by Japanese nationals to open up their branches in Malaysia for Malaysian students who are unable to afford cost to lived in Japan.

This is a document about History of foreign relations of the People's Republic of China
  to Moscow. When President Richard M. Nixon assumed office in 1969, he explored rapprochement with China as part of his doctrine of reduced United States military involvement in Asia. Moves in this direction resulted in an American ping-pong team's trip to China and Henry A. Kissinger's secret visit, both in 1971, followed by Nixon's dramatic trip to China in 1972. The Shanghai Communique, a milestone document describing the new state of relations between the two countries, and signed by Nixon and Zhou Enlai, included a certain degree of ambiguity that allowed China and the United States to set aside differences, especially on

This is a document about Joseon
  in its internal and external affairs, and China did not manipulate or interfere in them. However, after 1879, China abandoned its laissez-faire policy and became directly involved in the affairs of Joseon. This "radical change in China's policy" was in reaction to the growing influence of Western powers and Japan in Joseon, and to ensure China's national security. China's new policy toward Joseon was set by Li Hongzhang and implemented by Yuan Shikai. According to Ming-te Lin: "Li's control of Korea from 1885 to 1894 through [Yuan Shikai] as resident official represented an anachronistic policy of intervention toward Korea."

This is a document about List of German-trained divisions of the National Revolutionary Army
  were too famous, would invite the ire of the Allies, and would result in the loss of national prestige for such renowned figures to work, essentially, as mercenaries. Max Bauer was the first advisor sent to China. When Adolf Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany in 1933 and disregarded the Treaty, the anti-communist Nazi Party and the anti-communist KMT were soon engaged in cooperation with Germany training Chinese troops and expanding Chinese infrastructure, while China opened its markets and natural resources to Germany. In 1934 General Hans von Seeckt, acting as advisor to President Chiang, proposed a "80 Division Plan" for reforming the entire Chinese army

This is a document about China–Fiji relations
  supported Taiwan's wish to join the World Health Organization. Nonetheless, Qarase's government did not vary from its official recognition of the "One China" policy. Following the military coup in Fiji in December 2006, the PRC distanced itself from the Western nations which condemned the overthrow of Qarase's government. Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs deputy director general Deng Hongbo stated: The post-coup "interim government" led by Commodore Frank Bainimarama has continued Qarase's "look north" policy. In July 2007, Finance Minister Mahendra Chaudhry responded to the contrast between Western criticism and Chinese support for Bainimarama's government: Later that year, a China/Fiji Trade and Economic Commission was

This is a document about History of the People's Republic of China (1949–1976)
  him "We haven't even begun to establish socialism. All we've really done so far are change a few localities in Beijing." Meanwhile, US president Richard Nixon had taken office in 1969 and announced his willingness to open relations with the People's Republic of China. His overtures were initially ignored and he was denounced in Beijing as a feudal chieftain whom the capitalist world turned to out of desperation. However, in August 1971, Secretary of State Henry Kissinger led a secret delegation to Beijing. They were not given a warm welcome and the hotel rooms they stayed in were equipped with anti-American pamphlets. However,

This is a document about Franklin D. Roosevelt
  to China, the United Kingdom, and eventually the Soviet Union. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, an event he called "a date which will live in infamy", Roosevelt obtained a congressional declaration of war on Japan. When Germany and Italy declared war on the US in response, the US formally entered the European theater of the war. Assisted by his top aide Harry Hopkins and with very strong national support, he worked closely with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, Soviet General Secretary Joseph Stalin and Chinese Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek in leading the Allied Powers against

This is a document about Foreign relations of India
  In the post Cold War era, a significant aspect of India's foreign policy is the Look East Policy. During the cold war, India's relations with its South East Asian neighbours was not very strong. After the end of the cold war, the government of India particularly realised the importance of redressing this imbalance in India's foreign policy. Consequently, the Narsimha Rao government in the early nineties of the last century unveiled the look east policy. Initially it focused on renewing political and economic contacts with the countries of East and South-East Asia. At present, under the Look East Policy, the Government of India is giving

This is a document about P. V. Narasimha Rao
  not to be discouraged by US efforts to undermine the exercise. Rao launched the Look East foreign policy, which brought India closer to ASEAN. According to Rejaul Karim Laskar, a scholar of India's foreign policy and ideologue of Rao's Congress Party, Rao initiated the Look East policy with three objectives in mind, namely, to renew political contacts with the ASEAN-member nation; to increase economic interaction with South East Asia in trade, investment, science and technology, tourism, etc.; and to forge strategic and defence links with several countries of South East Asia. He decided to maintain a distance from the Dalai Lama in order to avoid aggravating Beijing's suspicions and concerns, and made successful overtures

The Look East Policy was initiated by Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad in 1982.


Question: where is bile reabsorbed in the digestive system

Answer: the enterocyte

This is a document about Jejunoileal bypass
  absorptive stream, compared with the normal length of approximately 7 metres (20 ft). In consequence, malabsorption of carbohydrate, protein, lipids, minerals and vitamins inevitably occur. Where the end-to-side technique was used, reflux of bowel content back up the defunctionalized small intestine allowed absorption of some of the refluxed material, resulting in less weight loss initially and greater subsequent weight regain. Bile is secreted by the liver, enters the upper small intestine by way of the bile duct, and is absorbed in the small intestine. Bile has an important role in fat digestion, emulsifying fat as the first stage in its digestion. Bypassing the major site of bile acid reabsorption in the

This is a document about Ascending cholangitis
  Bile is produced by the liver, and serves to eliminate cholesterol and bilirubin from the body, as well as emulsifying of fats to make them more soluble in water and aid in their digestion. Bile is formed in the liver by hepatocytes (liver cells) and excreted into the common hepatic duct. Part of the bile is stored in the gall bladder because of back pressure (exerted by the sphincter of Oddi), and may be released at the time of digestion. The gallbladder also concentrates the bile by absorbing water and dissolved salts from it. All bile reaches the duodenum (first part of the small intestine) through the common bile duct and the

This is a document about Enterohepatic circulation
  Hepatocytes metabolize cholesterol to cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. These lipid-soluble bile acids are conjugated (reversibly attached) mainly to glycine or taurine molecules to form water soluble primary conjugated bile acids, sometimes called "bile salts". These bile acids travel to the gall bladder during the interdigestive phase for storage and to the descending part of the duodenum via the common bile duct through the major duodenal papilla during digestion. 95% of the bile acids which are delivered to the duodenum will be recycled by the enterohepatic circulation. Due to the pH of the small intestine, most of the bile acids are ionized and mostly occur as their sodium salts which are then called “primary conjugated bile salts.” In the lower small intestine and colon, bacteria dehydroxylate some of

This is a document about Biliary tract
  Bile is secreted by the liver into small ducts that join to form the common hepatic duct. Between meals, secreted bile is stored in the gall bladder, where 80–90% of the water and electrolytes can be absorbed, leaving the bile acids and cholesterol. During a meal, the smooth muscles in the gallbladder wall contract, leading to the bile being secreted into the duodenum to rid the body of waste stored in the bile as well as aid in the absorption of dietary fats and oils by solubilizing them using bile acids.

This is a document about Liver
  The biliary tract is derived from the branches of the bile ducts. The biliary tract, also known as the biliary tree, is the path by which bile is secreted by the liver then transported to the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum. The bile produced in the liver is collected in bile canaliculi, small grooves between the faces of adjacent hepatocytes. The canaliculi radiate to the edge of the liver lobule, where they merge to form bile ducts. Within the liver, these ducts are termed intrahepatic bile ducts, and once they exit the liver, they are considered extrahepatic. The intrahepatic ducts eventually

This is a document about Postcholecystectomy syndrome
  Some individuals may benefit from diet modification, such as a reduced fat diet, following cholecystectomy. The liver produces bile and the gallbladder acts as reservoir. From the gallbladder, bile enters the intestine in individual portions. In the absence of a gallbladder, bile enters the intestine constantly, but in small quantities. Thus, it may be insufficient for the digestion of fatty foods. Postcholecystectomy syndrome treatment depends on the identified violations that led to it. Typically, the patient is recommended a dietary restriction table with fatty foods, enzyme preparations, antispasmodics, and sometimes cholagogue. If the pain is caused by biliary microlithiasis, oral ursodeoxycholic

This is a document about Bile acid malabsorption
  Bile acids (also called bile salts) are produced in the liver, secreted into the biliary system, stored in the gallbladder and are released after meals stimulated by cholecystokinin. They are important for the digestion and absorption of fats (lipids) in the small intestine. Usually over 95% of the bile acids are absorbed in the terminal ileum and are taken up by the liver and resecreted. This enterohepatic circulation of bile acids takes place 4-6 times in 24 hours and usually less than 0.5 g of bile acids enter the large intestine per 24 h. When larger amounts of bile acids enter the large intestine, they stimulate water secretion and intestinal motility in the colon, which causes symptoms of chronic diarrhea.

This is a document about Cholestasis
  liver and undergo conjugation before being released into the small intestine to aid digestion. In the distal ileum, 95% of these conjugated BAs are actively reabsorbed via ASBT but 5% enter the colon and are converted by gut microbes into deconjugated secondary bile acids, predominantly deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA). DCA and LCA are then reabsorbed into portal circulation and reach the liver, where they serve as signaling molecules that maintain bile acid homeostasis. Specifically, DCA and LCA and potent agonists of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), both of which mediate anti-inflammatory and cholangioprotective effects upon

This is a document about Cholesterol
  LH-20 columns. Cholesterol is oxidized by the liver into a variety of bile acids. These, in turn, are conjugated with glycine, taurine, glucuronic acid, or sulfate. A mixture of conjugated and nonconjugated bile acids, along with cholesterol itself, is excreted from the liver into the bile. Approximately 95% of the bile acids are reabsorbed from the intestines, and the remainder are lost in the feces. The excretion and reabsorption of bile acids forms the basis of the enterohepatic circulation, which is essential for the digestion and absorption of dietary fats. Under certain circumstances, when more concentrated, as in the gallbladder, cholesterol crystallises and is the major constituent of most gallstones (lecithin and

This is a document about Human digestive system
  The gallbladder is a hollow part of the biliary tract that sits just beneath the liver, with the gallbladder body resting in a small depression. It is a small organ where the bile produced by the liver is stored, before being released into the small intestine. Bile flows from the liver through the bile ducts and into the gall bladder for storage. The bile is released in response to cholecystokinin (CCK) a peptide hormone released from the duodenum. The production of CCK (by endocrine cells of the duodenum) is stimulated by the presence of fat in the duodenum. It is divided into three sections, a fundus, body and neck. The neck tapers and

This is a document about Bile
  actually digests the triglycerides, and is able to reach the fatty core through gaps between the bile salts. A triglyceride is broken down into two fatty acids and a monoglyceride, which are absorbed by the villi on the intestine walls. After being transferred across the intestinal membrane, the fatty acids reform into triglycerides (re-esterified), before being absorbed into the lymphatic system through lacteals. Without bile salts, most of the lipids in food would be excreted in feces, undigested. Since bile increases the absorption of fats, it is an important part of the absorption of the fat-soluble substances, such as the vitamins A, D, E, and K. Besides its digestive function, bile serves also as

This is a document about Cholesterol
  Cholesterol is recycled in the body. The liver excretes cholesterol into biliary fluids, which are then stored in the gallbladder, which then excretes them in a non-esterified form (via bile) into the digestive tract. Typically, about 50% of the excreted cholesterol is reabsorbed by the small intestine back into the bloodstream.

This is a document about Biliary reflux
  Biliary reflux, bile reflux (gastritis), duodenogastroesophageal reflux  (DGER) or duodenogastric reflux is a condition that occurs when bile and/or other contents like bicarbonate, and pancreatic enzymes flow upward (refluxes) from the duodenum into the stomach and esophagus. Biliary reflux can be confused with acid reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). While bile reflux involves fluid from the small intestine flowing into the stomach and esophagus, acid reflux is backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus. These conditions are often related, and differentiating between the two can be difficult. Bile is a digestive fluid made by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and discharged into duodenum after food is ingested to aid in the digestion of fat. Normally, the pyloric sphincter prevents bile from entering the stomach. When the pyloric sphincter is damaged or fails to work correctly, bile can enter the stomach and then be transported into the esophagus as in gastric reflux. The presence of small amounts of bile in the stomach is relatively common and usually asymptomatic, but excessive refluxed bile causes irritation and inflammation. Bile reflux has been associated with gastric cancer, chemical gastritis and the development of ulcers.

This is a document about Cholestatic pruritus
  Cholestasis means "the slowing or stopping of bile flow" which can be caused by any number of diseases of the liver (which produces the bile), the gallbladder (which stores the bile), or biliary tract (also known as the biliary tree, the conduit that allows the bile to leave the liver and gallbladder and enter the small intestine). When this occurs, conjugated bilirubin and the waste products that usually would be cleared in bile reflux back into the bloodstream. This causes a primarily conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice; the liver conjugates the bile to make it water-soluble and because the bile has already been processed by the liver, when it gets backed up because of a blockage and is refluxed into the blood, the blood will have high levels of conjugated bilirubin. This is in contrast to primarily unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia which is the water-insoluble form that is bound to serum

This is a document about Biliary tract
  The biliary tract, (biliary tree or biliary system) refers to the liver, gall bladder and bile ducts, and how they work together to make, store and secrete bile. Bile consists of water, electrolytes, bile acids, cholesterol, phospholipids and conjugated bilirubin. Some components are synthesised by hepatocytes (liver cells), the rest are extracted from the blood by the liver. Bile is secreted by the liver into small ducts that join to form the common hepatic duct. Between meals, secreted bile is stored in the gall bladder. During a meal, the bile is secreted into the duodenum to rid the body of waste stored in the bile as well as aid in the absorption of dietary fats and oils.

This is a document about Sodium/bile acid cotransporter
  Bile acid:sodium symporters participate in the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. Two homologous transporters are involved in the reabsorption of bile acids. One of these absorbs bile acids from the intestinal lumen, the bile duct, and the kidney with an apical localization (ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporter). The other is this protein and is expressed in the basolateral membranes of hepatocytes (NTCP). As a cotransporter, NTCP binds two sodium ions and one (conjugated) bile salt molecule, thereby providing a hepatic influx of bile salts. Other transported molecules include steroid hormones, thyroid hormones and various xenobiotics:

This is a document about Bile duct
  A bile duct is any of a number of long tube-like structures that carry bile, and is present in most vertebrates. Bile is required for the digestion of food and is secreted by the liver into passages that carry bile toward the hepatic duct. It joins the cystic duct (carrying bile to and from the gallbladder) to form the common bile duct which then opens into the intestine.

This is a document about Human digestive system
  and a monoglyceride. These are then absorbed by villi on the intestinal wall. If fats are not absorbed in this way in the small intestine problems can arise later in the large intestine which is not equipped to absorb fats. Bile also helps in the absorption of vitamin K from the diet. Bile is collected and delivered through the common hepatic duct. This duct joins with the cystic duct to connect in a common bile duct with the gallbladder. Bile is stored in the gallbladder for release when food is discharged into the duodenum and also after a few hours.

This is a document about Biliary tract
 Bile canaliculi >> Canals of Hering >> intrahepatic bile ductule (in portal tracts / triads) >> interlobular bile ducts >> left and right hepatic ducts >> ; These merge to form the common hepatic duct ; This exits the liver and joins with the cystic duct from gall bladder ; Together these form the common bile duct which joins the pancreatic duct ; These pass through the ampulla of Vater and enter the duodenum The biliary tract refers to the path by which bile is secreted by the liver then transported to the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. A structure common to most members of the mammal family, the biliary tract is often referred to as a tree because

This is a document about Gallbladder
  The bile emulsifies fats in partly digested food, thereby assisting their absorption. Bile consists primarily of water and bile salts, and also acts as a means of eliminating bilirubin, a product of hemoglobin metabolism, from the body. The bile that is secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder is not the same as the bile that is secreted by the gallbladder. During gallbladder storage of bile, it is concentrated 3-10 fold by removal of some water and electrolytes. This is through the active transport of sodium and chloride ions across the epithelium of the gallbladder, which creates an osmotic pressure that also causes water and other electrolytes to be reabsorbed.

Bile is reabsorbed in the digestive system primarily in the ileum during the enterohepatic circulation.