Question: who used the sherman antitrust act to dissolve the monopoly of the northern securities company

Answer: President Theodore Roosevelt

This is a document about Northern Securities Company
  The Northern Securities Company was a short-lived American railroad trust formed in 1901 by E. H. Harriman, James J. Hill, J.P. Morgan and their associates. The company controlled the Northern Pacific Railway; Great Northern Railway; Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad; and other associated lines. It was capitalized at $400 million, and Hill served as president. The company was sued in 1902 under the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 by the Justice Department under President Theodore Roosevelt, one of the first antitrust cases filed against corporate interests instead of labor. The government won its case, and the company was dissolved, so that the three railroads again

This is a document about History of rail transportation in the United States
  to consolidate the operations of the Northern Pacific with Hill's own Great Northern, but President Theodore Roosevelt, a trust-buster, strongly disapproved and took it to court. In 1904 the federal courts dissolved the Northern Security company (see Northern Securities Co. v. United States) and the railroads had to go their separate, competitive ways. By that time Morgan and Hill had ensured the Northern Pacific was well-organized and able to survive easily on its own. In 1901 the Union Pacific Railroad acquired all of the stock of the Southern Pacific. The federal government charged UP with violating the Sherman Act, and in 1913 the Supreme Court ordered UP to

This is a document about Northern Securities Company
  remarked, "Mr. Morgan could not help regarding me as a big rival operator who either intended to ruin all his interests or could be induced to come to an agreement to ruin none." Although Roosevelt still believed that trusts were not always bad for society, he could not bear to feel treated as just another rival operator. The suit continued. The Justice Department won the suit and the company was dissolved according to the 1904 Supreme Court ruling in Northern Securities Co. v. United States case, decided five to four. The companies were convicted under the Sherman Antitrust Act. In the following seven years,

This is a document about History of United States antitrust law
  monopoly ; United States v. American Tobacco Company, 221 U.S. 106 (1911) found to have monopolized the trade. Public officials during the Progressive Era put passing and enforcing strong antitrust high on their agenda. President Theodore Roosevelt sued 45 companies under the Sherman Act, while William Howard Taft sued 75. In 1902, Roosevelt stopped the formation of the Northern Securities Company, which threatened to monopolize transportation in the Northwest (see Northern Securities Co. v. United States). One of the more well known trusts was the Standard Oil Company; John D. Rockefeller in the 1870s and 1880s had used economic threats against competitors and secret rebate deals with railroads to build what was called a monopoly in the oil business, though some minor competitors remained in business. In

This is a document about Northern Securities Co. v. United States
  Hill was forced to disband his holding company and manage each railroad independently. The Northern Pacific; Great Northern; and Chicago, Burlington and Quincy companies would later merge in 1969. This is an example of Teddy Roosevelt's trust-busting procedures, prosecuting under the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890). This marked a major victory for the antitrust movement.

This is a document about Panic of 1901
  As a result of this crash, Harriman and Hill joined forces to form a holding company, the Northern Securities Company, to control the Northern Pacific, the Great Northern, and the Burlington. [Wolff 2003] This company was shortly shut down under the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 (see Northern Securities Co. v. United States).

This is a document about Melville Fuller
  New Deal period essentially abrogated Knight. Fuller participated in several other major antitrust cases. In the 1904 case of Northern Securities Co. v. United States, a majority broke up the Northern Securities Company, a railroad holding company, believing it to be a monopoly. Fuller dissented, joining opinions written by Justices Edward Douglass White and Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. The dissenters argued that simply holding stock in a company did not count as interstate commerce, and so they would have held that the Sherman Act did not apply to holding companies. The justices were unanimous in Swift & Co. v. United States (1905), which gave the Court's blessing to antitrust enforcement against meat-packing companies.

This is a document about History of United States antitrust law
 Industrial Commission (1898) to investigate railroad pricing, among other things ; United States v. E. C. Knight Co., 156 U.S. 1 (1895) restricting monopoly regulation ; Swift & Co. v. United States, 196 U.S. 375 (1905) the antitrust laws entitled the federal government to regulate monopolies that had a direct impact on commerce ; Northern Securities Co. v. United States, 193 U.S. 197 (1904) 5 to 4, a railway monopoly, formed through a merger of 3 corporations was ordered to be dissolved. The owner, James Jerome Hill was forced to manage his ownership stake in each independently. ; Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States, 221 U.S. 1 (1911) Standard Oil was dismantled into geographical entities given its size, and that it was too much of

This is a document about J. P. Morgan
  consolidate the operations of three of the region's most important railways: the Northern Pacific Railway, the Great Northern Railway, and the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad. The consolidators ran into unexpected opposition, however, from President Theodore Roosevelt. An energetic trustbuster, Roosevelt considered the giant merger bad for consumers and a violation of the (until then) seldom-enforced Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890. In 1902, Roosevelt ordered his Justice Department to sue to break it up. In 1904 the Supreme Court dissolved the Northern Security company and the railroads had to go their separate, competitive ways. Morgan did not lose money on the project, but his all-powerful political reputation suffered.

This is a document about Henry Flagler
  then Standard depended more on pipeline transport. More threatening to Standard's power was the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, originally used to control unions, but later central to the breakup of the Standard Oil trust. Ohio was especially vigorous in applying its state anti-trust laws, and finally forced a separation of Standard Oil of Ohio from the rest of the company in 1892, the first step in the dissolution of the trust. Upon his ascent to the presidency, Theodore Roosevelt initiated dozens of suits under the Sherman Antitrust Act and coaxed reforms out of Congress. In 1901, U.S. Steel, now controlled by J. Pierpont Morgan, having

This is a document about Theodore Roosevelt
   For his aggressive use of the 1890 Sherman Antitrust Act, compared to his predecessors, Roosevelt was hailed as the "trust-buster"; but in reality he was more of a trust regulator. Roosevelt viewed big business as a necessary part of the American economy, and sought only to prosecute the "bad trusts" that restrained trade and charged unfair prices. He brought 44 antitrust suits, breaking up the Northern Securities Company, the largest railroad monopoly; and regulating Standard Oil, the largest oil company. Presidents Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland, and William McKinley combined had prosecuted only 18 antitrust violations under the Sherman Antitrust Act. Bolstered by his party's winning large majorities in the 1902 elections, Roosevelt proposed the creation of

This is a document about Charles Elliott Perkins
  by purchasing more stock as well. Northern Pacific's stock price skyrocketed, and the artificially high stock threatened to cause a crash on the New York Stock Exchange. Hill and Morgan were ultimately successful in obtaining more Northern Pacific stock than Harriman, and won control not only of the Northern Pacific but also the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy. (Alarmed by Harriman's actions, Hill created a holding company—the Northern Securities Company—to control all three of his railroads. In 1904, in Northern Securities Co. v. United States, 193 U.S. 197, the Supreme Court of the United States held that Northern Securities violated the Sherman Antitrust Act. Hill was forced to disband his holding company and manage each railroad independently. The Northern Pacific, Great Northern, and Chicago, Burlington and Quincy would

This is a document about Economic history of the United States
  Sherman Antitrust Act). These laws were not rigorously enforced, however, until the years between 1900 and 1920, when Republican President Theodore Roosevelt (1901–1909), Democrat President Woodrow Wilson (1913–1921), and others sympathetic to the views of the Progressives came to power. Many of today's U.S. regulatory agencies were created during these years, including the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Federal Trade Commission. Ida M. Tarbell wrote a series of articles against the Standard Oil monopoly. The series helped pave the way for the breakup of the monopoly. Muckrakers were journalists who encouraged readers to demand more regulation of business. Upton Sinclair's The

This is a document about Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt
  Upon taking office, Roosevelt proposed federal regulations of trusts. As the states had not prevented the growth of what he viewed as harmful trusts, Roosevelt advocated the creation of Cabinet department designed to regulate corporations engaged in interstate commerce. He also favored amending the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887, which had failed to prevent the consolidation of railroads. In February 1902, the Justice Department announced that it would file an antitrust suit against the Northern Securities Company, a railroad holding company that had been formed in 1901 by J. P. Morgan, James J. Hill, and E. H. Harriman. As the

This is a document about Northern Securities Co. v. United States
  to counter by purchasing more stock as well. Northern Pacific's stock price skyrocketed, and the artificially high stock threatened to cause a crash on the New York Stock Exchange. Hill and Morgan were ultimately successful in obtaining more Northern Pacific stock than Harriman and won control of not only the Northern Pacific but also the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy. Pressured by Harriman's actions, Hill created a holding company—the Northern Securities Company—to control all three of the railroads. The public was greatly alarmed by the formation of Northern Securities, which threatened to become the largest company in the world and monopolize railroad traffic in the western United States. President William McKinley, however, was not willing to pursue antitrust litigation against Hill. McKinley was assassinated, however, and his progressive Vice-President, Theodore Roosevelt, ordered the United States Department of Justice to pursue a case against Northern Securities.

This is a document about James J. Hill
  Roosevelt sent his Justice Department to sue the Northern Securities Company in 1902. The Supreme Court in 1904 ordered it to be dissolved as a monopoly. (Ironically, the Burlington Route, Northern Pacific, and Great Northern would later merge in 1970 to form the Burlington Northern Railroad.) This ended Hill's ability to maintain competitive rates in Asian countries and in the subsequent two years American trade with Japan and China dropped 40% (or $41 million). Hill moved on without the benefit of a central company, and acquired the Colorado and Southern Railway lines into Texas. He also built the Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway. By the time of his death

This is a document about Transaction Man
  In Chapter 1, "Institution man", Lemann began by describing some of the early policies and laws that limited the power of big business, including the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 and the 1911 Supreme Court ruling to dismantle the Standard Oil Company for violation of federal antitrust law. John D. Rockefeller, who had founded in 1870, who some consider to be the wealthiest American of all time, and the richest person in modern history. Lemann devotes much of chapter 1, to the life and work of Adolf A. Berle Jr. (1895 – 1971) who introduced a revised theory of the firm, as described in The Modern

This is a document about Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt
  Act, which restricted the granting of railroad rebates. In March 1904, the Supreme Court ruled for the government in the case of Northern Securities Co. v. United States. According to historian Michael McGerr, the case represented the federal government's first victorious prosecution of a "single, tightly integrated interstate corporation." The following year, the administration won another major victory in Swift and Company v. United States, which broke up the Beef Trust. The evidence at trial demonstrated that, prior to 1902, the "Big Six" leading meatpackers had engaged in a conspiracy to fix prices and divide the market for livestock

This is a document about Northern Securities Company
  associates agreed to settle their differences and eliminate ruinous competition through a monopolistic combination. The Northern Securities Company was formed by Hill to control the stock of his major railroad properties. Some of Harriman's directors were appointed as representatives for his holdings of Northern Pacific shares. A public outcry over the new company made its way throughout the country, and both state and federal officials prepared to file litigation. On February 19, 1902, the United States Department of Justice announced plans to file a suit against the company. When approached by J. P. Morgan to settle the issue in private, President Roosevelt refused; he

This is a document about Northern Securities Company
  other Federal antitrust cases turned out rulings similar to the Northern Securities case. Included in these break-ups were Harriman's own holdings of the Union Pacific and Southern Pacific railroads. The Northern Securities case was one of the earliest antitrust cases and provided important legal precedents for many later cases, including that against Major League Baseball. In 1955, the Northern Pacific and Great Northern renewed talks of merging. The Supreme Court approved the merger, and as a result, the Great Northern, Northern Pacific, Chicago Burlington & Quincy, and the Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway merged on March 2, 1970, to form the Burlington Northern Railroad.

The Northern Securities Company was dissolved under the Sherman Antitrust Act by the Supreme Court in the case of Northern Securities Co. v. United States (1904).


Question: film i don want to miss a thing

Answer: Armageddon

This is a document about I Don't Want to Miss a Thing
  "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" is a song performed by American hard rock band Aerosmith for the 1998 sci-fi disaster film Armageddon, in which lead singer Steven Tyler's daughter Liv starred in. It is one of four songs performed by the band for the film, the other three being "What Kind of Love Are You On", "Come Together", and "Sweet Emotion". The power ballad was written by Diane Warren, who originally envisioned it would be performed by "Celine Dion or somebody like that". In the United States, "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" was originally supposed to be a radio-only single from Armageddon: The Album, but due to popular

This is a document about I Don't Want to Miss a Thing (album)
  I Don't Want to Miss a Thing is a studio album by the American country music artist Mark Chesnutt, released in 1999. His last album for the Decca Records label, I Don't Want to Miss a Thing produced two singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts, including a cover of the Diane Warren song of the same name, which reached Number One on the country charts, becoming the final Number One of his career thus far. The cover was also Chesnutt's biggest crossover, reaching Top 20 on the Billboard Hot 100. Only one other single was released from the album: "This Heartache Never Sleeps", which reached #17 on the country charts.

This is a document about Don't Want to Miss a Thing
   Don’t Want to Miss a Thing  is the 24th novel by British author Jill Mansell.

This is a document about Professor RJ Ross
 "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" – Sally Kellerman featuring Professor RJ Ross (Sally, February 10, 2009)

This is a document about Golden Raspberry Awards
  Three people won both the Razzies and Oscars the same weekend: Alan Menken in 1993, Brian Helgeland in 1997, and Sandra Bullock in 2010, although each of the three won for two different films in the same year (for example, Helgeland won a Razzie and an Oscar for The Postman and L.A. Confidential, respectively). Three actors had performances in the same movie netting them both Oscar and Razzie nominations, James Coco (Only When I Laugh), Amy Irving (Yentl) and Glenn Close (Hillbilly Elegy). The Aerosmith song "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing", as part of the original soundtrack to the 1998 film Armageddon, was nominated for both an Academy Award for Best Original Song and a Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Original Song,

This is a document about Mark Chesnutt discography
 A"I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" peaked at number 17 on the Billboard Hot 100.

This is a document about Chantal Kreviazuk
  Kreviazuk's work has appeared on many soundtracks for films and television shows. In 1998, Kreviazuk scored her only international hit to date with a cover of "Leaving on a Jet Plane", a song written by John Denver and popularized by Peter, Paul and Mary. The song appeared on the soundtrack to the blockbuster film Armageddon and was that album's follow-up single to Aerosmith's "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing". The soundtrack album also featured a remix of Our Lady Peace's single "Starseed". The song Leaving on a Jet Plane was also on a trailer for The Terminal, and on TV spots for The Prince and Me and De-Lovely. In 1999, Kreviazuk recorded a cover of the Randy Newman ballad "Feels

This is a document about I Always Wanna Die (Sometimes)
  "I Always Wanna Die (Sometimes)" is a song by English band the 1975 from their third studio album, A Brief Inquiry into Online Relationships (2018). The song was written by band members George Daniel, Matthew Healy, Adam Hann and Ross MacDonald. Daniel and Healy handled the production alongside Jonathan Gilmore. Healy began the songwriting process at his home using an acoustic guitar, while the production was built around the song's opening guitar riff. Inspired to create a cinematic, gritty version of Aerosmith's "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing", the band worked with David Campbell, who conducts the string arrangements. "I Always Wanna Die (Sometimes)" is an experimental Britpop power ballad with an electronic sound. The production comprises melancholic

This is a document about Aerosmith
  Nine Lives Tour, which was plagued by problems including lead singer Steven Tyler injuring his leg at a concert, and Joey Kramer suffering second degree burns when his car caught fire at a gas station. In 1998, in the midst of setbacks during the Nine Lives Tour, the band released the single "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing", the love theme, written by Diane Warren for the 1998 film Armageddon, starring Steven Tyler's daughter Liv. The song became Aerosmith's first and only number 1 single when it debuted at the top position on the Billboard Hot 100 and stayed on top of the charts for four weeks. The song was nominated for

This is a document about Ayak Thiik
  Ayak Thiik recorded and released a studio album entitled, Voices in My Head. Her list of musical achievements continues. Ayak Thiik was featured on Liberty Bell Jolly Good TV Sky Arts 'Song Book' show by chance, after coming to the rescue of her hero and arguably the most successful songwriter of current generation Diane Warren who wrote the hits "Un-Break My Heart" (1996) by Toni Braxton, "How Do I Live Without You" (1997) by LeAnn Rimes, "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing (1998) by Aerosmith, and for many other artists. Taken aback by Ayak Thiik's voice, Diane Warren has begun writing songs for Ayak Thiik and is determined to make her a star in her own right. A documentary chronicling this will be filmed by the same production team.

This is a document about I Don't Want to Miss a Thing
  This song was Aerosmith's biggest hit, debuting at number one on the US Billboard Hot 100, where it stayed for four weeks in September, and reaching number one around the world, including Australia, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Austria, Norway, Italy, the Netherlands, and Switzerland. It helped introduce Aerosmith to a new generation and remains a slow dance staple. In 2015, boxer Tyson Fury sang "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" after beating long reigning heavyweight champion Wladimir Klitschko in Düsseldorf, Germany. Fury then sang the song again after beating Tom Schwartz in 2019 at the MGM Grand arena in Las Vegas.

This is a document about The Lounge Kittens
  imagining the kind of naughty, sexy, but totally clueless image we could make through a tango... The tango is about power, so I naturally turned to rock love songs'. In June 2014 the video to the song "I Don't Want To Miss A Thing" was released. Later in 2014 The Lounge Kittens released their own version of Slipknot's "Duality". The video's release coincided with the release of Slipknot's fifth album and UK tour. Gwendoline says 'The Lounge Kittens as a band are all about duality', referring to their combination of lounge music and rock/metal songs. The slapstick comedy chases in the video complement the polka rhythms in Deacon's piano. 'Slipknot's Duality has got such a frantic energy about it'

This is a document about List of awards and nominations received by Aerosmith
 align="center"| 1999 || "I Don't Want To Miss A Thing" || Best Song || Nominated align="center"| 1999 || "I Don't Want To Miss A Thing" || Best Song || Nominated The MTV Movie Awards is a film awards show presented annually on the MTV television network. Aerosmith has received one nomination.

This is a document about I Don't Want to Miss a Thing
  In 1997, Diane Warren was watching Barbara Walters interview James Brolin and Barbra Streisand. Brolin said he missed Streisand when they were asleep, and Warren wrote down the words "I don't want to miss a thing", before there was even a song. "When I first heard it," recalled drummer Joey Kramer, "it was just a demo with piano and singing. It was difficult to imagine what kind of touch Aerosmith could put on it and make it our own… As soon as we began playing it as a band, then it instantly became an Aerosmith song."

This is a document about Before Midnight
  a minimal plot, with considerable screentime devoted to extended conversations between the characters. Before Midnight premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 20, 2013. It began a domestic limited release on May 24, 2013, and went on general release on June 14, 2013. It grossed $23 million worldwide, becoming the highest-grossing film in the trilogy. It received widespread critical acclaim, particularly for its exploration of romance and age, its screenplay, Linklater's direction, and acting performances. The film garnered many accolades and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical for Delpy.

This is a document about Nina (Nina album)
  2009. On the August 14, 2010 episode of GMA-7's Comedy Bar, she performed "Someday" while an over-acting superfan was trying to distract her. She also performed the same song, followed by her 2008 hit single "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing", on the MYX Mo 2010. On March 18, 2011, Nina performed three songs, including "I Do" and "Someday", at the Pattaya International Music Festival 2011 Galaxy Stage in Thailand. Before the event, she was given the "Golden Key to the City of Pattaya" recognition by the city's mayor, and got to hang out with other Asian artists who participated on the music festival.

This is a document about Nina Girado videography
  Mellow Video. In 2007, the music video for "Collide" was directed by Sean Lim as theme song for his debut sci-fi film, Xenoa. The Ancheta-directed music video for "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" was released as lead single from Nina's fourth studio album Nina Sings the Hits of Diane Warren (2008) and it helped the album reach Gold status one week from release. The following year, "There You'll Be" was directed by Lim, and described by Nina as a "thank you" video for her fans. The music video for "Dance," the lead single from Nina's sixth studio album Stay Alive (2011), was directed by

This is a document about Timeline of musical events
  first performed. ; 1998 in music, 1998 in British music, 1998 in Norwegian music, 1998 in South Korean music ; Deaths of: ; Frank Sinatra ; Hide ; Linda McCartney ; Lauryn Hill releases The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill. ; Neutral Milk Hotel releases In the Aeroplane Over the Sea. ; The Offspring releases Americana. ; "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" by Aerosmith, from the Michael Bay film Armageddon, becomes the first song by a rock band to debut at No. 1. ; Insane Clown Posse gets dropped from the Walt Disney Company's record label Hollywood Records after the release of The Great

This is a document about Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Original Song
  Film Burn Hollywood Burn—music and lyrics by Joe Eszterhas and Gary G-Wiz ; "Barney, the Song" by Bernadette Peters—Barney's Great Adventure—music and lyrics by Jerry Herman ; "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" by Aerosmith—Armageddon—music and lyrics by Diane Warren ; "Storm" by Grace Jones—The Avengers—music by Bruce Woolley, lyrics by Chris Elliott, Marius deVries, Betsy Cook and Andy Caine ; "Too Much" by Spice Girls—Spice World—music by the Spice Girls, lyrics by Andy Watkins and Paul Wilson ; 1999 "Wild Wild West" by Will Smith—Wild Wild West—music and lyrics by Stevie Wonder, Kool Moe Dee and Will Smith John Barry]], lyrics by Lisa Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris

This is a document about Don't Miss It
  "Don't Miss It" is a song by English electronic music producer and singer-songwriter James Blake from his fourth album, Assume Form. It was written by Blake and produced alongside Dominic Maker of electronic music duo Mount Kimbie and Dan Foat. A lyric video was released on 24 May 2018, having been premiered that day on an episode of his BBC Radio 1 residency. However, it was only released as single by Polydor Records on 4 June of that year. It is a piano ballad with additional drums accompanied by Blake's auto-tuned vocals. The song received acclaim from music critics, however, a mixed review by Pitchfork, which labelled the track as "sad boy music" was met with a critical response from Blake, who deemed the expression "unhealthy and problematic when used to describe men just openly talking about their feelings."

The song "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" is performed by Aerosmith in the 1998 film "Armageddon." It was originally intended to be sung by Celine Dion but was instead performed by Aerosmith's lead vocalist, Steven Tyler. The song was a huge success, reaching number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.


Question: who wrote the national anthem of the philippines

Answer: Julián Felipe

This is a document about Lupang Hinirang
  "Lupang Hinirang" (Chosen Land), originally titled in Spanish as "Marcha Nacional Filipina" (Philippine National March), is the national anthem of the Philippines. Its music was composed in 1898 by Julián Felipe, and the lyrics were adopted from the Spanish poem "Filipinas", written by José Palma in 1899. The composition known as "Lupang Hinirang" was commissioned on June 5, 1898, by Emilio Aguinaldo, head of the Dictatorial Government of the Philippines, as a ceremonial and instrumental national march without lyrics, similar to the status of the "Marcha Real" in Spain. It was first performed in public during the proclamation of Philippine independence at Aguinaldo's residence in

This is a document about Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan
  Nakpil recalled decades later that even after Bonifacio's death, the song was still being played in Cavite and Laguna as late as 1898. But his piece lost its prior status and Aguinaldo eventually chose the Marcha Nacional Filipina (originally Marcha Filpina Magdalo) by Julian Felipe as the official Philippine national anthem in 1898. Felipe's piece, with added lyrics derived from the Spanish-language poem Filipinas by Jose Palma from 1899, is still the current official national anthem under the title Lupang Hinirang ("Chosen Land").

This is a document about Lupang Hinirang
  Spanish national anthem; the Grand March from Giuseppe Verdi's Aida; and the French national anthem, La Marseillaise. It was played by the Banda San Francisco de Malabón (now called the Banda Matanda, from present-day General Trias) during the proclamation rites on June 12. In August 1899, soldier and writer José Palma penned the Spanish poem Filipinas during his stay in Casa Hacienda in Bautista, Pangasinan. The poem was published for the first time for the first anniversary of the newspaper La Independencia on September 3, 1899, and was subsequently set to the tune of the Marcha Nacional Filipina. The Flag Act of 1907 prohibited the

This is a document about Lupang Hinirang
  of the Philippines, Commonwealth Act No. 382, approved on September 5, 1938, officially adopted the musical arrangement and composition by Julián Felipe as the national anthem. In the years after the revolution, the poem "Filipinas", written in 1899 by nationalist José Palma, gained widespread popularity as unofficial Spanish lyrics of the anthem. The Spanish lyrics were translated into English and, beginning in the 1940s, in the national language. The current Tagalog lyrics, written in 1956, were adopted and made official subject to a slight revision in the 1960s. On February 12, 1998, Republic Act No. 8491 was passed, codifying the 1956 Tagalog lyrics into law.

This is a document about Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite
  from a dressmaker named Victoriana Sayat and they immediately arrested Lapidario, de Ocampo and Aguado. The three were held incommunicado in the boat Ulloa and interrogated. They are presumed to have been tortured. De Ocampo revealed the names of his companions and the thirteen suspects were rounded up on September 3 along with dozens of other Cavite leaders, including the musician Julián Felipe, who would compose the Philippine national anthem the following year. Felipe was incarcerated for nine months at Fort San Felipe. Also subsequently released were Pablo and Marcos José, and Juan Castañeda of Imus, who are also believed to have been

This is a document about Performing arts
  ni Laura sa Kahariang Albanya" (English: "The History of Florante and Laura in the Kingdom of Albania") was written by Francisco Balagtas in 1838 during his imprisonment dedicated to his sweetheart Maria Asuncuion Rivera (nicknamed "M.A.R.", referenced to as "Selya"). The poem has a special part entitled "Kay Selya" (English: "For Celia") specially dedicated for Rivera. The Philippine's national hero, José Rizal who is also a novelist, created the two famous poems in the Philippines, Noli Me Tángere (Latin for "Touch me not", with an acute accent added on the final word in accordance with Spanish orthography) (1887) that describes perceived inequities of the Spanish Catholic friars and the ruling government and El Filibusterismo (translations: The filibusterism; The Subversive or The Subversion, as in

This is a document about Andrés Bonifacio
  encamped at Balara, Bonifacio commissioned Julio Nakpil to compose a national anthem. Nakpil produced a hymn called Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan ("Honorable Hymn of the Tagalog Nation/People"). Eventually, an 1897 power struggle in Cavite led to command of the revolution shifting to Emilio Aguinaldo at the Tejeros Convention, where a new government was formed. Bonifacio was executed after he refused to recognize the new government. The Aguinaldo-headed Philippine Republic (República Filipina), usually considered the "First Philippine Republic", was formally established in 1899, after a succession of revolutionary and dictatorial governments (e.g. the Tejeros government, the Biak-na-Bato Republic) also headed by Aguinaldo.

This is a document about Bukidnon
  The Provincial Hymn was composed by Filomeno Bautista between 1925 and 1932. Nimecio Jun Beltran authored a provincial resolution requiring the singing of the provincial hymn in all and every events in the Province of Bukidnon where the Philippine National Anthem is also sung.

This is a document about Lupang Hinirang
  Lupang Hinirang was not the first Philippine national anthem to be conceived. The composer and revolutionist Julio Nakpil composed the Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan (Honourable Hymn of the Tagalog Nation/People) upon request of Andrés Bonifacio, the leader of the Katipunan, the secret society that had spearheaded the Revolution. Bonifacio had converted the organization into a revolutionary government—with himself as President—known as the Republika ng Katagalugan (Tagalog Republic) just before hostilities erupted. The term "Katagalugan" in Bonifacio's usage referred to the Philippine Islands and its population as a whole; not just ethnic Tagalogs, but all Filipinos. Nakpil composed his national anthem for Bonifacio in Balara (part of modern Quezon City) in November 1896, and Bonifacio later promoted its use in Cavite, where it was still known as

This is a document about Julián Felipe
  Julián Reyes Felipe (: January 28, 1861 – October 2, 1944) was a Filipino composer of the music of the Philippine national anthem, formerly known as "Marcha Nacional Filipina", now known as "Lupang Hinirang".

This is a document about Lupang Hinirang
  of the anthem and other Philippine revolutionary and Katipunan symbols for a short period of time. When it was repealed back in 1919, the Insular Government decided to translate the hymn from its original Spanish version to the English version. The first translation was written around that time by the renowned poet Paz Márquez Benítez of the University of the Philippines. The most popular translation, called the Philippine Hymn, was written by Senator Camilo Osías and an American, Mary A. Lane. In the 1920s, the time signature in performance was changed from 2/4 to 4/4 to facilitate its singing and the key was changed

This is a document about Lupang Hinirang
  as 1898. But after Bonifacio's Katipunan and Republika ng Katagalugan were superseded by a succession of various governments led by Aguinaldo starting in 1897, Nakpil's anthem was never officially adopted by them. Some sources assert that an English version of anthem lyrics titled "The Philippine Hymn" was legalized by Commonwealth Act No. 382. The act, however, only concerns itself with the instrumental composition by Julián Felipe. During World War II, Felipe Padilla de Leon composed the Awit sa Paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas, commissioned as a replacement anthem by the Japanese-controlled Second Philippine Republic. It was later adapted during the martial law era under President Ferdinand Marcos into the patriotic song entitled  Hymn of the New Society, not to be confused with the March of the New Society.

This is a document about Bayan Ko
  "Bayan Ko" (usually translated as "My Country"; Nuestra patria) is one of the most recognizable patriotic songs of the Philippines. It was written in Spanish by the Revolutionary general José Alejandrino in light of the Philippine–American War and subsequent American occupation, and translated into Tagalog some three decades later by the poet José Corazón de Jesús. The song, which is a kundiman, is often considered the unofficial second national anthem of the Philippines, and is sometimes sung by Overseas Filipinos groups after the Lupang Hinirang or by itself. It is sometimes assumed to be a folk music because of its popularity, and due to the nature of its lyrics it has been used as a protest song by different political groups at various points in Philippine history.

This is a document about Lupang Hinirang
  the original C major to G. However, this change was not codified into law. The anthem was played alongside the United States anthem, The Star-Spangled Banner, which was adopted in 1931. It was played alongside each other until the country's eventual independence in 1946. Tagalog translations began appearing in the 1940s, with the first known one titled Diwa ng Bayan (Spirit of the Country), which was sung during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines. The second most popular one was O Sintang Lupa (O Beloved Land) by Julián Cruz Balmaceda, Ildefonso Santos, and Francisco Caballo; this was adopted as the official version in 1948.

This is a document about Máximo Inocencio
  Máximo Inocencio joined the Katipunan and continued to support political causes including the Propaganda Movement abroad. In the Revolution of 1896, he offered his house as a hiding place for Gen. Aguinaldo. The latter used Inocencio's mansion as his headquarters before transferring to Bacoor on July 4, 1898. It was here that Julián Felipe was asked by Aguinaldo to compose a march that would become the Philippine national anthem. Bearing the Hong Kong-made Filipino flag, Aguinaldo left La Casa Grande shortly after lunch on June 12, 1898 and headed to Kawit to proclaim Philippine Independence from the central window of his ancestral home. The Spanish government began its crackdown on suspected revolutionaries when a seamstress told the governor's wife of her suspicion that Severino Lapidario,

This is a document about Julián Felipe
  Aguinaldo asked him to provide a stirring composition to be played in the historic proclamation of the Philippine independence. His composition Marcha Nacional Filipina was first played as incidental music on June 12, 1898 in Aguinaldo's home in Kawit. It was adopted as the Philippine national anthem on September 5, 1938 by the Commonwealth Government

This is a document about Lupang Hinirang
  Lupang Hinirang began as incidental music which President Emilio Aguinaldo commissioned for use in the proclamation of Philippine independence from Spain. This task was given to Julián Felipe and was to replace a march which Aguinaldo had deemed unsatisfactory. The original title of this new march was Marcha Filipina-Magdalo (Philippine-Magdalo March), and was later changed to Marcha Nacional Filipina (Philippine National March) upon its adoption as the national anthem of the First Philippine Republic on June 11, 1898, a day before independence was to be proclaimed. Felipe said that he had based his composition on three other musical pieces: the Marcha Real, which is the

This is a document about Aguinaldo Shrine
  During the independence celebration, the Philippine flag designed by Emilio Aguinaldo was formally unfurled from the front window. It was first flown during the Battle of Alapan in Imus two weeks earlier on May 28, 1898 (now celebrated as Philippine National Flag Day each year). The Philippine national anthem was also first played on the grounds by the marching band of San Francisco de Malabon (now General Trias) but as an instrumental music; the lyrics were not written until 1899 by José Palma.

This is a document about Kundiman
  Dr. Francisco Santiago, the "Father of Filipino Musical Nationalism", declared in 1931 that the kundiman "is the love song par excellence of the Filipinos, the plaintive song which goes deepest into their hearts, song which brings them untold emotions." Endowed with such power, the kundiman naturally came to serve as a vehicle for veiled patriotism in times of colonial oppression, in which the undying love for a woman symbolized the love of country and desire for freedom. José Rizal, leader of the Propaganda movement and the Philippine national hero, has consecrated the kundiman in his social novel Noli Me Tangere. Not only this but he himself wrote a

This is a document about Philippine Declaration of Independence
  Independence was proclaimed on 12 June 1898 between four and five in the afternoon in Cavite at the ancestral home of General Emilio Aguinaldo some 30 km south of Manila. The event saw the unfurling of the Flag of the Philippines, made in Hong Kong by Marcela Agoncillo, Lorenza Agoncillo, and Delfina Herboza, and the performance of the Marcha Filipina Magdalo, as the national anthem, now known as Lupang Hinirang, which was composed by Julián Felipe and played by the San Francisco de Malabon marching band. The Act of the Declaration of Independence was prepared, written, and read by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista in Spanish. The Declaration was signed by 98 people, among them a United States Army officer who witnessed the proclamation. The final paragraph states that there was a "stranger" (stranger in English translation—extranjero in the original Spanish, meaning foreigner) who attended the proceedings, Mr. L. M. Johnson, described as "a citizen of the U.S.A., a Colonel of Artillery". Despite his prior military experience, Johnson had no official role in the Philippines.

The national anthem of the Philippines, "Lupang Hinirang," was written by Filipino poet José Palma in 1899. The music was composed by Julián Felipe in 1898.


Question: the stage in action potential that immediately follows depolarization is known as

Answer: the refractory period

This is a document about Action potential
  The course of the action potential can be divided into five parts: the rising phase, the peak phase, the falling phase, the undershoot phase, and the refractory period. During the rising phase the membrane potential depolarizes (becomes more positive). The point at which depolarization stops is called the peak phase. At this stage, the membrane potential reaches a maximum. Subsequent to this, there is a falling phase. During this stage the membrane potential becomes more negative, returning towards resting potential. The undershoot, or afterhyperpolarization, phase is the period during which the membrane potential temporarily becomes more negatively charged than when at rest (hyperpolarized). Finally, the time during which a subsequent action potential is impossible or difficult to fire is called the refractory period, which may

This is a document about Afterhyperpolarization
   Afterhyperpolarization, or AHP, is the hyperpolarizing phase of a neuron's action potential where the cell's membrane potential falls below the normal resting potential. This is also commonly referred to as an action potential's undershoot phase. AHPs have been segregated into "fast", "medium", and "slow" components that appear to have distinct ionic mechanisms and durations. While fast and medium AHPs can be generated by single action potentials, slow AHPs generally develop only during trains of multiple action potentials. During single action potentials, transient depolarization of the membrane opens more voltage-gated K+ channels than are open in the resting state, many of which do not close immediately when the membrane returns to its

This is a document about Repolarization
  usually takes several milliseconds. Repolarization is a stage of an action potential in which the cell experiences a decrease of voltage due to the efflux of potassium (K+) ions along its electrochemical gradient. This phase occurs after the cell reaches its highest voltage from depolarization. After repolarization, the cell hyperpolarizes as it reaches resting membrane potential (−70 mV){in neuron −70 mV}. Sodium (Na+) and potassium ions inside and outside the cell are moved by a sodium potassium pump, ensuring that electrochemical equilibrium remains unreached to allow the cell to maintain a state of resting membrane potential. In the graph of an action potential, the hyper-polarization section looks like a downward dip that goes lower than the line of

This is a document about Refractory period (physiology)
  The refractory period in a neuron occurs after an action potential and generally lasts one millisecond. An action potential consists of three phases. Phase one is depolarization. During depolarization, voltage-gated sodium ion channels open, increasing the neuron's membrane conductance for sodium ions and depolarizing the cell's membrane potential (from typically -70 mV toward a positive potential). In other words, the membrane is made less negative. After the potential reaches the activation threshold (-55 mV), the depolarization is actively driven by the neuron and overshoots the equilibrium potential of an activated membrane (+30 mV). Phase two is repolarization. During repolarization, voltage-gated sodium ion channels inactivate (different from the closed state) due to the now-depolarized membrane, and voltage-gated potassium channels activate (open). Both the inactivation of the sodium ion channels and the

This is a document about Hyperpolarization (biology)
 1) During the afterhyperpolarization period after an action potential, the membrane potential is more negative than when the cell is at the resting potential. In the figure to the right, this undershoot occurs at approximately 3 to 4 milliseconds (ms) on the time scale. The afterhyperpolarization is the time when the membrane potential is hyperpolarized relative to the resting potential. ; 2) During the rising phase of an action potential, the membrane potential changes from negative to positive, a depolarization. In the figure, the rising phase is from approximately 1 to 2 ms on the graph. During the rising phase, once the membrane potential becomes positive, the membrane potential continues to depolarize (overshoot) until the peak of the action potential is reached at about +40 millivolts (mV). After the peak of the action potential, a hyperpolarization repolarizes the membrane potential to its resting value, first by making it less positive, until 0 mV is reached, and then by continuing to make it more negative. This repolarization occurs in the figure from approximately 2 to 3 ms on the time scale.

This is a document about Afterdepolarization
  Early afterdepolarizations (EADs) occur with abnormal depolarization during phase 2 or phase 3, and are caused by an increase in the frequency of abortive action potentials before normal repolarization is completed. Phase 2 may be interrupted due to augmented opening of calcium channels, while phase 3 interruptions are due to the opening of sodium channels. Early afterdepolarizations can result in torsades de pointes, tachycardia, and other arrhythmias. EADs can be potentiated by hypokalemia and drugs that prolong the QT interval, including class Ia and III antiarrhythmic agents. Afterhyperpolarizations can also occur in cortical pyramidal neurons. There, they typically follow an action potential and are mediated by voltage gated sodium or chloride channels. This phenomenon requires potassium channels to close quickly to limit repolarization. It is responsible for the difference between regular spiking and intrinsically bursting pyramidal neurons.

This is a document about Ventricular fibrillation
  Triggered activity can occur due to the presence of afterdepolarisations. These are depolarising oscillations in the membrane voltage induced by preceding action potentials. These can occur before or after full repolarisation of the fiber and as such are termed either early (EADs) or delayed afterdepolarisations (DADs). All afterdepolarisations may not reach threshold potential, but, if they do, they can trigger another afterdepolarisation, and thus self-perpetuate.

This is a document about Long QT syndrome
  of afterdepolarisations. Early afterdepolarisations, occurring before the cell has fully repolarised, are particularly likely to be seen when action potentials are prolonged, and arise due to reactivation of calcium and sodium channels that would normally switch off until the next heartbeat is due. Under the right conditions, reactivation of these currents, facilitated by the sodium-calcium exchanger, can cause further depolarisation of the cell. The early afterdepolarisations triggering arrhythmias in long QT syndrome tend to arise from the Purkinje fibres of the cardiac conduction system. Early afterdepolarisations may occur as single events, but may occur repeatedly leading to multiple rapid activations of the cell. Some

This is a document about End-plate potential
  Once the membrane potential reaches threshold, an action potential occurs and causes a sharp spike in membrane polarity. There are five phases of an action potential: threshold, depolarization, peak, repolarization, and hyperpolarization. Threshold is when the summation of MEPPs reaches a certain potential and induces the opening of the voltage-gated ion channels. The rapid influx of sodium ions causes the membrane potential to reach a positive charge. The potassium ion channels are slower-acting than the sodium ion channels and so as the membrane potential starts to peak, the potassium ion channels open and causes an outflux of potassium to counteract the influx of sodium. At the peak, the outflux of potassium equals the influx of sodium, and the membrane does not change polarity. During repolarization, the sodium channels begin to become inactivated, causing a net efflux of potassium ions. This causes the membrane potential to drop down to its

This is a document about Afterdepolarization
  Afterdepolarizations are abnormal depolarizations of cardiac myocytes that interrupt phase 2, phase 3, or phase 4 of the cardiac action potential in the electrical conduction system of the heart. Afterdepolarizations may lead to cardiac arrhythmias.

This is a document about Cardiac physiology
  components of their action potentials are virtually identical. In both cases, when stimulated by an action potential, voltage-gated channels rapidly open, beginning the positive-feedback mechanism of depolarization. This rapid influx of positively charged ions raises the membrane potential to approximately +30 mV, at which point the sodium channels close. The rapid depolarization period typically lasts 3–5 ms. Depolarization is followed by the plateau phase, in which membrane potential declines relatively slowly. This is due in large part to the opening of the slow Ca2+ channels, allowing Ca2+ to enter the cell while few K+ channels are open, allowing K+ to exit the cell. The relatively long plateau phase lasts approximately 175 ms. Once the membrane potential

This is a document about Cellular neuroscience
   The Hodgkin–Huxley model of an action potential in the squid giant axon has been the basis for much of the current understanding of the ionic bases of action potentials. Briefly, the model states that the generation of an action potential is determined by two ions: Na+ and K+. An action potential can be divided into several sequential phases: threshold, rising phase, falling phase, undershoot phase, and recovery. Following several local graded depolarizations of the membrane potential, the threshold of excitation is reached, voltage-gated sodium channels are activated, which leads to an influx of Na+ ions. As Na+ ions enter the cell, the membrane potential is

This is a document about Cardiac action potential
  at the more positive membrane potentials means that the Kir can also aid the final stages of repolarisation. The voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv) are activated by depolarization. The currents produced by these channels include the transient out potassium current Ito1. This current has two components. Both components activate rapidly, but Ito,fast inactivates more rapidly than Ito, slow. These currents contribute to the early repolarization phase (phase 1) of the action potential. Another form of voltage-gated potassium channels are the delayed rectifier potassium channels. These channels carry potassium currents which are responsible for the plateau phase of the action potential, and are named based on the speed at which they activate: slowly activating IKs, rapidly activating IKr and ultra-rapidly activating IKur.

This is a document about Sodium channel
  the channels, and causing the voltage across the neuronal membrane to increase to +30 mV in human neurons. Because the voltage across the membrane is initially negative, as its voltage increases to and past zero (from −70 mV at rest to a maximum of +30 mV), it is said to depolarize. This increase in voltage constitutes the rising phase of an action potential. At the peak of the action potential, when enough Na+ has entered the neuron and the membrane's potential has become high enough, the Na+ channels inactivate themselves by closing their inactivation gates. The inactivation gate can be thought of as a "plug" tethered to domains III and IV of the channel's intracellular alpha subunit. Closure of the inactivation gate causes Na+

This is a document about Sinoatrial node
  are the 3 phases of a sinoatrial node action potential. In the cardiac action potential, there are 5 phases (labelled 0-4), however pacemaker action potentials do not have an obvious phase 1 or 2. Phase 4 This phase is also known as the pacemaker potential. Immediately following repolarization, when the membrane potential is very negative (it is hyperpolarised), the voltage slowly begins to increase. This is initially due to the closing of potassium channels, which reduces the flow of potassium ions (Ik) out of the cell (see phase 2, below). Hyperpolarization also causes activation of hyperpolarisation-activated cyclic nucleotide–gated (HCN) channels. The

This is a document about Depolarization
  The surge of depolarization traveling from the axon hillock to the axon terminal is known as an action potential. Action potentials reach the axon terminal, where the action potential triggers the release of neurotransmitters from the neuron. The neurotransmitters that are released from the axon continue on to stimulate other cells such as other neurons or muscle cells. After an action potential travels down the axon of a neuron, the resting membrane potential of the axon must be restored before another action potential can travel the axon. This is known as the recovery period of the neuron, during which the neuron cannot transmit another action potential.

This is a document about End-plate potential
  membrane potential of -100mV. Hyperpolarization occurs because the slow-acting potassium channels take longer to deactivate, so the membrane overshoots the resting potential. It gradually returns to resting potential and is ready for another action potential to occur. During the action potential before the hyperpolarization phase, the membrane is unresponsive to any stimulation. This inability to induce another action potential is known as the absolute refractory period. During the hyperpolarization period, the membrane is again responsive to stimulations but it requires a much higher input to induce an action potential. This phase is known as the relative refractory period. Once the action potential has finished in the neuromuscular junction, the used acetylcholine is cleared out of the synaptic cleft by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Several diseases and problems can be caused by the inability of enzymes to clear away the neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft leading to continued action potential propagation.

This is a document about Action potential
  action potential is the first step in the chain of events leading to contraction. In beta cells of the pancreas, they provoke release of insulin. Action potentials in neurons are also known as "nerve impulses" or "spikes", and the temporal sequence of action potentials generated by a neuron is called its "spike train". A neuron that emits an action potential, or nerve impulse, is often said to "fire". Action potentials are generated by special types of voltage-gated ion channels embedded in a cell's plasma membrane. These channels are shut when the membrane potential is near the (negative) resting potential of the cell, but they rapidly begin to open if the membrane potential increases to a precisely defined threshold voltage, depolarising the transmembrane potential. When

This is a document about Cardiac action potential
  This phase consists of a rapid, positive change in voltage across the cell membrane (depolarization) lasting less than 2 ms, in ventricular cells and 10/20 ms in SAN cells. This occurs due to a net flow of positive charge into the cell. In non-pacemaker cells (i.e. ventricular cells), this is produced predominantly by the activation of Na+ channels, which increases the membrane conductance (flow) of Na+ (gNa). These channels are activated when an action potential arrives from a neighbouring cell, through gap junctions. When this happens, the voltage within the cell increases slightly. If this increased voltage reaches a certain value (threshold potential; ~-70 mV) it causes the Na+ channels to

This is a document about Action potential
  but it depends on the recent activity of the axon. A cell that has just fired an action potential cannot fire another one immediately, since the Na+ channels have not recovered from the inactivated state. The period during which no new action potential can be fired is called the absolute refractory period. At longer times, after some but not all of the ion channels have recovered, the axon can be stimulated to produce another action potential, but with a higher threshold, requiring a much stronger depolarization, e.g., to −30 mV. The period during which action potentials are unusually difficult to evoke is called the relative refractory period.

The stage in an action potential that immediately follows depolarization is called the repolarization phase. During this phase, the membrane potential of the neuron returns to its resting potential.


Question: who set fire to rick restaurant in desperate housewives

Answer: Porter and Preston

This is a document about List of Desperate Housewives characters
  quit, but Rick says he will not leave unless Lynette fires him, because "she doesn't want him gone". Later, Rick tells Lynette he has feelings for her, and that it is obvious she has feelings for him. This enrages Lynette and she fires him, pretending it did not affect her, but she is later seen sobbing in her bathroom, distraught over the loss of Rick. He returns in season four, informing Lynette and Tom that he is opening a restaurant around the corner from Scavo's. It is shown that Rick still has feelings for Lynette. The restaurant steals customers from the Pizzeria until it is burned down by Porter and Preston due to a fear of Rick separating their parents, and under Kayla's suggestion.

This is a document about Hello, Little Girl
  an investigation about the fire. While waiting for Tom being questioned by the police, Rick expresses to Lynette that he missed her so much, and that makes Lynette uncomfortable so she barges into the investigation room. Lynette lies to the police that she saw Tom leave the ball momentarily, providing him with an alibi. After the police's investigation, Lynette and Tom argue when she still does not believe Tom. Tom reveals that he did not trust her with Rick, even though Lynette assured him that nothing happened between them. Later that night, Lynette finds out that Porter and Preston are the ones who set Rick's restaurant on fire, as the twins worried that

This is a document about Opening Doors (Desperate Housewives)
  Gabrielle and agrees to stay longer. It turns out that Ellie is actually a drug dealer and there are significant amounts of drugs in her drawer. The twins, Preston and Porter are made to do chores as punishment for setting fire to Rick's restaurant. Tom suggests they take the boys to therapy, which Lynette is against. One morning, Lynette overhears the twin's conversation. They hinted that it was actually someone else's idea that they set the fire, and then at Lynette's command confess that this "someone else" was Kayla. She then confronts Kayla about the incident. Kayla says that the boys wanted to hurt Rick with

This is a document about Adam Newman
  set fire to another building to avoid Sharon being implicated for the fire at the ranch. The arsonist burned down a restaurant owned by Chelsea's father. Chelsea became insecure and bitter towards Sharon, and was enraged at Adam for breaking the law to save Sharon. Chelsea warned Sharon to stay away from Adam; Sharon told her that Adam would never love Chelsea the way he loves her. Luke Kerr of Zap2It said that Chelsea was "out of her league" and the storyline was "fun". Egan said: "I love working with Michael Muhney. I heard about him because my mom had watched Y&R

This is a document about Isn't It Romantic? (1948 film)
  Rick of being a swindler. On the night of the second engagement party, before the Major has time to react, Rick has left town with the money. Candy has left a note saying she has eloped with Rick. The party is once again interrupted as Ben and Horace go after the train on which Rick and Candy are traveling. Ben and Horace manage to stop the train by starting a fire on the tracks. They discover Candy and Rick together, arguing as Candy tries to take back the stolen money. Ben knocks Rick unconscious, and the three return home with the money leaving Rick behind. They manage to get back before word gets out that the Major was swindled.

This is a document about Snake Eyes (1998 film)
  fire. Cornered by the police and a news crew with no way out, Kevin commits suicide in view of the live news feed. Rick is later hailed as a hero, but the press soon uncovers his corruption and he loses his job and family. Before reporting for his prison term, Rick meets Julia on the boardwalk. She thanks him for his help, as Powell is completely restructuring his company and scrapping the AirGuard. Rick promises to call when he gets out in twelve to eighteen months. Ultimately, Serena's ruby ring is seen embedded in one of the concrete pillars of the new Powell Millennium Arena.

This is a document about Coletti
 Rick Coletti, a character on the American television series Desperate Housewives

This is a document about Gabriel Stokes (The Walking Dead)
  it being overrun, he is forced on a supply run to the food bank with Rick, Michonne, Bob, and Sasha. During the run, he panics when he recognizes one of the walkers in the flooded basement, and is nearly killed before Rick saves him. Rick makes it immediately clear that he does not trust Gabriel, although Carl believes that Rick is being too tough on the priest. Rick's suspicions increase when Gabriel admits to having "sinned" in the past, and Carl discovers scratch marks on the outside of the church's walls, along with the phrase "You'll burn for this" scratched into the wood. In the

This is a document about Tell It to the Frogs
  becomes bitter. When Shane witnesses Ed Peletier (Adam Minarovich) striking his wife Carol (Melissa McBride) for not focusing on the laundry for the group, he takes his anger out on Ed severely and threatens to kill him if he ever touches any of the women in the group again. Meanwhile, Rick's group arrives back to the department store in Atlanta and make their way up to the rooftop, finding Merle apparently gone. However, they find a hacksaw sitting beside Merle's severed right hand within bloody handcuffs hanging from a pipe; Daryl goes into a fit of rage and screams as the others look on helplessly.

This is a document about Deanna Monroe
  of Aiden's mix tapes in remembrance of him. Carol leaves the family a casserole, but Deanna does not take it and only burns the note that was included. Rick goes over to her where she is standing by her son's grave and tells her that he is sorry for her loss. He brings up that Jessie is being domestically abused by her husband Pete. Deanna reveals that she knew about this and "hoped that it would get better". Rick wants to know why nothing has been done to stop Pete. Deanna informs him that this is because Pete is a doctor, and therefore valuable, and

This is a document about Trial by Fire (2018 film)
  On December 23, 1991, Cameron Todd Willingham awakes to find his house ablaze. Despite his best-efforts, Willingham is unable to save the lives of his three daughters. At his trial, the prosecution, Rick Perry, reveals the fire had been caused deliberately with gasoline spread in the shape of a pentagram and the refrigerator moved to block the door. Witnesses continue to take the stand and portray him as a violent individual. Willingham's former cellmate, Johnny Webb then takes the stand and declares Willingham told him the fire had been set deliberately. Despite impassioned pleas of Willingham's innocence by both himself and his wife Stacy, Willingham is sentenced to death. During his time on death row,

This is a document about Lean Mean Thirteen
  around Trenton, Stephanie stumbles onto the bodies of two of Dickie's three partners, both of whom have been killed with a flamethrower. Both of the buildings in which the bodies are found have been rigged with bombs, forcing Stephanie and Ranger to make a hasty exit before they explode. Joyce, convinced that Stephanie knows where Dickie or the $40 million is, follows her around, inveigling herself into a family dinner at the Plum home, and even saves her from a musclebound thug trying to kidnap her. When she drops by Morelli's house to borrow some DVDs for Lula, Stephanie finds Dickie, alive

This is a document about Fire and Nice
  Following the fire, the entire Suarez family is living at Betty's apartment. Everyone, except Betty, believes that they are responsible for the fire. Justin tells Marc that he had been smoking to impress a girl, Hilda thinks Bobby and his family set the fire after she mentioned that she would like the insurance money and Ignacio tells Amanda that he wired the chandelier himself despite being told not to. At MODE, Betty tries to pitch an idea for a Lady Gaga article to Wilhelmina, but it goes wrong when she finds her dessert has leaked onto her laptop keyboard and Justin has replaced her file with a video of himself singing Bad Romance. This causes Wilhelmina

This is a document about List of Twin Peaks characters
  a known hooligan. Although Bobby doesn't quite tread on the right side of the law, he is at least kind to Shelly, unlike Leo. The risk of the affair is great; Bobby deals drugs for Leo and knows just how dangerous Leo is. Leo eventually finds out, and sexually assaults, then tries to kill Shelly by tying her up inside the Packard Saw Mill and setting it on fire. However Catherine Martell, who was also meant to die in the fire, reluctantly frees Shelly and helps her escape. Catherine, however, vanishes. During the show's second season, Leo lapses into a catatonic state after being shot by Hank Jennings. Shelly is forced to quit her job at the Double R Diner to

This is a document about Nebraska (The Walking Dead)
  and is overturned. In the town, Rick and Glenn find Hershel alone in a tavern, drinking and lamenting the loss of his family members. Rick eventually convinces Hershel to return, but as they are about to leave, two suspicious men from Philadelphia enter the bar—Dave (Michael Raymond-James) and Tony (Aaron Munoz). They reveal that Rick's goal of Fort Benning may be overrun and try to goad where the group's farm is, looking for a safe haven. Suspicious of their behavior, Rick refuses to disclose the farm's location. The two men try to kill Rick, who kills both of them in self-defense. The episode ends with the remaining group burning the rest of the walkers.

This is a document about Lady Audley's Secret
  which is run by Luke Marks. During the night, Lucy forces Luke's wife Phoebe to let her into the inn and Lucy sets the place on fire, with the intention of killing Robert. However, Robert survives and returns to Audley Court and again confronts Lucy. This time, she says she is insane and confesses her life's story to Robert and Sir Michael, claiming that George abandoned her originally and she had no choice but to abandon her old life and child to find another, wealthier husband. Sir Michael is unhappy and leaves with Alicia to travel through Europe. Robert invites a Dr. Mosgrave to

This is a document about Alma Gutierrez
  Gutierrez submits a story about a fire in a row house and is embarrassed in front of the whole newsroom by her editor Gus Haynes and copy editor Jay Spry, who take her to task over her use of the word evacuate. Gutierrez is also assigned by Haynes to get a reaction quote from drug dealer Ricardo "Fat-Face Rick" Hendrix after the editor notices a lucrative real estate deal between Hendrix and the city council. Gutierrez is sent to Hendrix's strip club Desperado and comes back with a strong quote. She receives a contributing line in the story for her efforts. Her colleague Scott Templeton is disparaging about the credit she received and the credentials of the paper as a whole but Gutierrez remains upbeat. Gutierrez usually covers the police beat and is excited when she reports on a home invasion and triple homicide.

This is a document about Janice Battersby
  Dorgu). Janice pleads with her to give up her work, but Leanne initially refuses as it is too lucrative. Eventually she admits that she can not continue and moves in with Janice. Janice and Roger reconcile, and Roger gives Leanne a loan for the restaurant she plans to open but his lack of money means he struggles to pay his rent, so he moves in with Janice. Leanne's restaurant burns down in April 2008. A few weeks later, Paul tells the police he and Leanne set the place on fire for insurance money. Janice is furious with Leanne for lying to her. In September

This is a document about Ron Swanson
  could cost them their jobs. Later, at the funeral of Pawnee's celebrity miniature horse Li'l Sebastian, Ron is nearly killed as a result of Leslie and Ben's affair. When their efforts to hide their relationship accidentally cause Li'l Sebastian's eternal flame to be filled with lighter fluid instead of propane, Ron creates a massive fireball when he lights it, which burns off his eyebrows and part of his mustache. The season ends as a horrified Ron learns that his first ex-wife, Tammy, has arrived to see him; the news is enough to make his second ex-wife, also named Tammy, run away in horror.

This is a document about The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)
  Jean-Pierre, and two others vandalize the Kadams' restaurant by spray-painting words which translate to "France for the French" on the outer wall and firebombing the interior. Hassan catches the arsonists in the act and scares them off, but his hands and legs are burned. The following morning Mallory, who deduced who is responsible for the arson and vandalism, dismisses Jean-Pierre and personally cleans the graffiti from Maison Mumbai. Hassan, having heard from Marguerite that Mallory hires potential chefs by taste-testing an omelette and deciding whether the person is indeed a great chef, asks if he may cook an omelette for her to his recipe. Due to his injured hands, Mallory helps under Hassan's supervision.

Porter and Preston set fire to Rick's restaurant in "Desperate Housewives."


Question: where do i go to get a patent

Answer: national or regional patent offices

This is a document about George M. Murray (scientist)
 US Patent Office

This is a document about Patent application
  National applications are generally filed at a national patent office, such as the United Kingdom Patent Office, to obtain a patent in the country of that office. The application may either be filed directly at that office, or may result from a regional application or from an international application under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), once it enters the national phase.

This is a document about South African patent system
  in foreign countries. The same applies to a patentee, who wants to commercialize an invention and who does not want to infringe someone else’s patent. A search should then be conducted at the South African Patent Office. An online search system is currently available at http://patentsearch.cipc.co.za, though the range of searchable fields is somewhat limited compared to other national patent search systems, and, as of the present writing (26 July 2013), the document retrieval system only returns empty documents. Searches can also be carried out by hand at the Patent Office through a card-based system; however, electronic patent searches may be performed on a contract basis on proprietary systems such as the Electronic Patent Journal (EPJ).

This is a document about Doherty amplifier
 − US Patent

This is a document about United States Patent and Trademark Office
   The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is an agency in the U.S. Department of Commerce that issues patents to inventors and businesses for their inventions, and trademark registration for product and intellectual property identification. The USPTO is "unique among federal agencies because it operates solely on fees collected by its users, and not on taxpayer dollars". Its "operating structure is like a business in that it receives requests for services—applications for patents and trademark registrations—and charges fees projected to cover the cost of performing the services [it] provide[s]". The USPTO is based in Alexandria, Virginia, after a 2005 move from the Crystal City area of neighboring Arlington, Virginia. The offices under Patents and the Chief Information Officer that remained just outside the southern end of Crystal City

This is a document about Patent application
  A patent application is a request pending at a patent office for the grant of a patent for an invention described in the patent specification and a set of one or more claims stated in a formal document, including necessary official forms and related correspondence. It is the combination of the document and its processing within the administrative and legal framework of the patent office. To obtain the grant of a patent, a person, either legal or natural, must file an application at a patent office with the jurisdiction to grant a patent in the geographic area over which coverage is

This is a document about Software patent
  A patent is a set of exclusionary rights granted by a state to a patent holder for a limited period of time, usually 20 years. These rights are granted to patent applicants in exchange for their disclosure of the inventions. Once a patent is granted in a given country, no person may make, use, sell or import/export the claimed invention in that country without the permission of the patent holder. Permission, where granted, is typically in the form of a license which conditions are set by the patent owner: it may be free or in return for a royalty payment or lump sum fee. Patents are territorial in nature. To obtain a patent, inventors must file patent applications in each and every country

This is a document about Government-granted monopoly
  A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state or national government to an inventor or his/her assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for a public disclosure of an invention. The procedure for granting patents, the requirements placed on the patentee, and the extent of the exclusive rights vary widely between countries according to national laws and international agreements. Typically, however, a patent application must include one or more claims defining the invention which must be new, inventive, and useful or industrially applicable. In many countries, certain subject areas are excluded from patents, such as business methods and mental acts. The exclusive right granted to a patentee in most countries is the right to prevent others from making, using, selling, or distributing the patented invention without permission.

This is a document about Patent application
   The process of obtaining the grant of a patent begins with the preparation of a specification describing the invention. That specification is filed at a patent office for examination and ultimately a patent for the invention described in the application is either granted or refused.

This is a document about Software patent
  which they want a patent. For example, separate applications must be filed in Japan, China, the United States and India if the applicant wishes to obtain patents in those countries. However, some regional offices exist, such as the European Patent Office (EPO), which act as supranational bodies with the power to grant patents which can then be brought into effect in the member states, and an international procedure also exists for filing a single international application under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), which can then give rise to patent protection in most countries. These different countries and regional offices have different standards for granting patents. This is particularly true of software or computer-implemented inventions, especially where the software is implementing a business method.

This is a document about Industrial property
  Patents, also referred to as patents for invention, are the most widespread means of protecting technical inventions. The patent system is designed to contribute to the promotion of innovation and the transfer and dissemination of technology, to the mutual advantage of inventors, users of inventions and the general public. Once a patent is granted by a state or by a regional office acting for several states, the owner of a patent has the right to prevent anyone else from commercially exploiting the invention for a limited period, generally 20 years. The patent applicant must disclose the invention in order to obtain protection, and their rights can be enforced only within the territory in which the patent was granted.

This is a document about Patent
  The grant and enforcement of patents are governed by national laws, and also by international treaties, where those treaties have been given effect in national laws. Patents are granted by national or regional patent offices. A given patent is therefore only useful for protecting an invention in the country in which that patent is granted. In other words, patent law is territorial in nature. When a patent application is published, the invention disclosed in the application becomes prior art and enters the public domain (if not protected by other patents) in countries where a patent applicant does not seek protection,

This is a document about United States patent law
  Under United States law, a patent is a right granted to the inventor of a (1) process, machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter, (2) that is new, useful, and non-obvious. A patent is the right to exclude others, for a limited time (usually, 20 years) from profiting of a patented technology without the consent of the patent-holder. Specifically, it is the right to exclude others from: making, using, selling, offering for sale, importing, inducing others to infringe, applying for an FDA approval, and/or offering a product specially adapted for practice of the patent. United States patent law is codified in Title 35 of the United States Code, and authorized by the U.S. Constitution,

This is a document about Patent
  dependent on public policy, if it goes against public policy, it will not be patentable. An example of this is patent a man-modified higher life-form, such as a mouse as seen in Harvard College v. Canada. Additionally, patentable materials must be novel, useful, and a non-obvious inventive step. A patent is requested by filing a written application at the relevant patent office. The person or company filing the application is referred to as "the applicant". The applicant may be the inventor or its assignee. The application contains a description of how to make and use the invention that must provide sufficient

This is a document about Google Patents
  Google Patents is a search engine from Google that indexes patents and patent applications.

This is a document about Prior art
 Espacenet—European Patent Office public patent literature database, with patents from many patent offices. ; Google Patents—public search engine from Google that indexes patents from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and other international patent offices, and machine-CPC-classified non-patent literature from Google Scholar. The Internet Archive Wayback Machine is recognized by the USPTO as a valid source of prior art on the Internet, though generally the date of archiving is considered the first published date, rather than the date on any documents that have been archived. For other patent search services, see .

This is a document about Google Patents
  of granted patents and published patent applications from each database (which belong to the public domain). US patent documents date back to 1790, EPO and WIPO to 1978. Optical character recognition (OCR) has been performed on the older US patents to make them searchable, and Google Translate has been used on all non-English patents to make the English translations searchable. Google Patents also indexes documents from Google Scholar and Google Books, and has machine-classified them with Cooperative Patent Classification codes for searching. Patent litigation information is also available in Google Patents through a partnership with Darts-ip, a global patent litigation database.

This is a document about Institute for Information Industry
 Technology Transfer ; Patents

This is a document about Patent Act
 Patent Act

This is a document about Patent
   A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of years in exchange for publishing an enabling disclosure of the invention. In most countries, patent rights fall under private law and the patent holder must sue someone infringing the patent in order to enforce their rights. In some industries patents are an essential form of competitive advantage; in others they are irrelevant. The procedure for granting patents, requirements placed on the patentee, and the extent of the exclusive rights vary widely between countries according to national laws and international agreements. Typically, however, a patent application must include

To get a patent, you can file an application at a national patent office, such as the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) in the United States. You can also file through the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) system. In South Africa, you can file at the South African Patent Office. The specific process and requirements may vary, so it's recommended to check the specific patent office's website for more information.


Question: identify the colonies that are classified as new england

Answer: Massachusetts Bay Colony

This is a document about New England Colonies
  The New England Colonies of British America included Connecticut Colony, the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Massachusetts Bay Colony, Plymouth Colony, and the Province of New Hampshire, as well as a few smaller short-lived colonies. The New England colonies were part of the Thirteen Colonies and eventually became five of the six states in New England, with Plymouth Colony absorbed into Massachusetts and Maine separating from it. Captain John Smith's 1616 work A Description of New England first applied the term "New England" to the coastal lands from Long Island Sound to Newfoundland.

This is a document about Eastern United States
  New England is a region of the United States located in the northeastern corner of the country, bounded by the Atlantic Ocean, Canada and the state of New York, consisting of the modern states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. In one of the earliest English settlements in the New World, English Pilgrims from Europe first settled in New England in 1620, in the colony of Plymouth. In the late 18th century, the New England colonies would be among the first North American British colonies to demonstrate ambitions of independence from the British Crown. New England produced the first examples of American literature and philosophy and

This is a document about List of place names of Native American origin in New England
  The region of New England in the United States has numerous place names derived from the indigenous peoples of the area. New England is in the Northeastern United States, and comprises six states: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. Listed are well-known names of towns, significant bodies of water, and mountains. This list can virtually never be sufficiently completed as there are hundreds of thousands of place names in New England.

This is a document about New England
  New England is a region comprising six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and by the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick to the northeast and Quebec to the north. The Atlantic Ocean is to the east and southeast, and Long Island Sound is to the southwest. Boston is New England's largest city, as well as the capital of Massachusetts. Greater Boston is the largest metropolitan area, with nearly a third of New England's population; this area includes Worcester, Massachusetts (the second-largest city in New England), Manchester,

This is a document about History of New England
  New England is the oldest clearly defined region of the United States, being settled more than 150 years before the American Revolution. The first English colony in New England, Plymouth Colony, was established in 1620 by Puritan Pilgrims fleeing religious persecution in England; a French colony established in 1604 on Saint Croix Island, Maine had failed. Plymouth was the second English colony in America, after Jamestown. A large influx of Puritans populated the greater region during the Puritan migration to New England (1620–1640), largely in the Boston and Salem area. Farming, fishing, and lumbering prospered, as did whaling and sea trading. New England writers and events in the region helped launch and sustain the American War of Independence, which began when fighting erupted between British troops and Massachusetts militia in the Battles of Lexington and Concord. The region later became a stronghold

This is a document about American cuisine
  New England is a Northeastern region of the United States bordering the Maritime Provinces of Canada and portions of Quebec in the north. It includes the six states of Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont, with its largest city and cultural capital Boston, founded in 1630. Native American cuisine became part of the cookery style that the early colonists brought with them. Tribes like the Nipmuck, Wampanoag, Passamaquoddy and other Algonquian cultures were noted for slashing and burning areas to create meadows and bogs that would attract animals like moose and deer, but also encourage the growth of plants like black

This is a document about Culture of New England
  New England is the oldest region of the United States and one of the first successful English settlements in the Americas, and it has a long and oft-contested cultural history. Professor of American and New England Studies Joseph A. Conforti writes, "New England has been a storied place. Its identity has been encoded in narratives about its past—stories that have been continually revised in response to new interpretive needs generated by the transformations of regional life[, helping] New Englanders negotiate, traditionalize, and resist change." As such, New England culture is a complex combination of its overarching and popular Puritan English colonial narrative and its multiple and equally important complementary and competing alternative narratives. Within modern New England, a cultural divide

This is a document about New England town
  Unlike municipalities in most other states, the United States Census Bureau does not classify New England towns as "incorporated places". They are instead classified as "minor civil divisions" (MCDs), the same category into which civil townships fall. The Census Bureau classifies New England towns in this manner because they are conceptually similar to civil townships from a geographic standpoint, typically exhibiting like population-distribution patterns. Like civil townships, but unlike most incorporated municipalities in other states, New England towns do not usually represent a single compact populated place. Plantations in Maine are similarly classified as MCDs. That New England towns serve, in essence, the same function as incorporated places in other states, but are not treated as incorporated places by the Census Bureau, can

This is a document about Indian commerce with early English colonists and the early United States
  Northern Colonies also known as The New England Colonies were made up of the colonies of Connecticut, Rhode Island, Providence Plantations, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire. They were part of the Thirteen Colonies. They were mostly associated with the fur trade when there was trading and primary traded with the Pequot Indians, but most relationships were fractured due to disease and land disputes eventually leading to King Phillips War in 1675. This war was the single greatest war to occur in seventeenth century Puritan New England and is considered to be the deadliest war in the history of New England. King Philip's War began the development of a greater European American identity. Which fractured almost all economic activity between English colonists and the Indians in the Area.

This is a document about Thirteen Colonies
 1) Province of Massachusetts Bay, chartered as a royal colony in 1691 ; 2) * Popham Colony, established in 1607; abandoned in 1608 ; 3) * Plymouth Colony, established in 1620; merged with Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1691 ; 4) * Province of Maine, patent issued in 1622 by Council for New England; patent reissued by Charles I in 1639; absorbed by Massachusetts Bay Colony by 1658 ; 5) * Massachusetts Bay Colony, established in 1629; merged with Plymouth Colony in 1691 ; 6) Province of New Hampshire, established in 1629; merged with Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1641; chartered as royal colony in 1679 ; 7) Connecticut Colony, established in 1636; chartered as royal colony in 1662 ; 8) *Saybrook Colony, established in 1635;

This is a document about Impact of geography on colonial America
  The New England colonies tried to help the Native Americans and also, known as the North-Eastern, included Massachusetts Colony, Rhode Island Colony, Connecticut Colony, and New Hampshire Colony. The region was taken from indigenous people by the people from Britain in 1620 after they had lived there for generations. The British-Americans also committed genocide on the people already living there. These colonies provided fish, whale products, and lumber.

This is a document about Outline of Massachusetts
  The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the U.S. Commonwealth of Massachusetts: Massachusetts – U.S. state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. Approximately two-thirds of the state's population lives in Greater Boston, most of which is either urban or suburban. In the late 18th century, Boston became known as the "Cradle of Liberty" for the agitation there that led to the American Revolution and the independence of the United States from Great Britain. Massachusetts is also home to Harvard University, the oldest institution of higher learning in the U.S., founded in 1636.

This is a document about New England
  as the Connecticut River, which bisects the region from north to south. Each state is generally subdivided into small municipalities known as towns, many of which are governed by town meetings. While unincorporated areas do exist, they are limited to roughly half of Maine, along with some isolated, sparsely populated northern regions of New Hampshire and Vermont. New England is one of the U.S. Census Bureau's nine regional divisions and the only multi-state region with clear, consistent boundaries. It maintains a strong sense of cultural identity, although the terms of this identity are often contrasted, combining Puritanism with liberalism, agrarian life with industry, and isolation with immigration.

This is a document about British colonization of the Americas
 Province of Massachusetts Bay ; Province of New Hampshire ; Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations ; Connecticut Colony ; Province of New York ; Province of New Jersey ; Province of Pennsylvania ; Delaware Colony ; Province of Maryland ; Colony of Virginia ; Province of North Carolina ; Province of South Carolina ; Province of Georgia The Thirteen Colonies, which became the original states of the United States following the 1781 ratification of the Articles of Confederation:

This is a document about List of former European colonies
 British America (New Britain) ; Canadian colonies ; Island of St. John ; Rupert's Land (A private estate stretching from the Atlantic to the Rocky Mountains, and from the prairies to the Arctic Circle. ) ; Lower Canada ; Province of Quebec ; Upper Canada ; Newfoundland Colony ; "Thirteen Colonies" ; New England Colonies: ; Province of Massachusetts Bay ; Province of New Hampshire ; Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations ; Connecticut Colony ; Province of New York ; Province of New Jersey ; Province of Pennsylvania ; Delaware Colony ; Province of Maryland ; Colony of Virginia ; Province of North Carolina ; Province of South Carolina ; Province of Georgia ; Other North American colonies ; Province of East Florida ; Province of West Florida ; Indian Reserve ; Middle Colonies ; Chesapeake Colonies ; Southern Colonies ; Oregon Country (disputed with France) ; British Honduras ; Mosquito Coast ; Bay Islands

This is a document about Outline of government
 Council ; Bicameralism Unicameralism Charter Royal Colonies - New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia Proprietary colonies - Maryland, Pennsylvania, Delaware Charter colonies - Connecticut and Rhode Island

This is a document about Northeastern United States
  Ocean, have all been loosely grouped into the Northeast at one time or another. Much of the debate has been what the cultural, economic and urban aspects of the Northeast are, and where they begin or end as one reaches the borders of the region. Using the Census Bureau's definition of the Northeast, the region includes nine states: they are Maine, New York, New Jersey, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Pennsylvania. The region is often subdivided into New England (the six states east of New York State) and the Mid-Atlantic states (New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania). This definition has

This is a document about Historic regions of the United States
 Acadia ; Dominion of New England† ; Equivalent Lands ; King's College Tract ; Provinces of Maine† ; Territory of Sagadahock ; Popham Colony (or Sagadahoc Colony)† ; Gorges-Mason Grant† ; Mason Lands ; Gorges Patent† ; Lygonia Patent† ; New Somersetshire† ; Muscongus Patent (also known as the Waldo Patent and, eventually, the Bingham Purchase) ; Massachusetts Bay Colony ; Narragansett Country† ; New Hampshire Grants ; New Haven Colony ; Plymouth Colony ; Saybrook Colony ; Wessagusset Colony†

This is a document about Plantations of New England
  The Plantations of New England were a series of colonisation efforts by Europeans on the east coast of North America, a land that they called New England.  The name New England dates to the earliest days of European settlement: in 1616 Captain John Smith described the area in a pamphlet "New England." The name was officially sanctioned in 1620 by the grant of King James I to the Plymouth Council for New England. The region was subsequently divided through further grants, including the 1629 royal grant of "Hampshire" which was issued for "making a Plantation & establishing of a Colony or Colonyes in the Countrey called or knowen by ye name of New England in America." The role plantations played in New England's economy in the past was not as significant as the role agriculture played in Southern colonies. The soil was also very rocky and wasn't good for farming

This is a document about Thirteen Colonies
  The Thirteen Colonies, also known as the Thirteen British Colonies or the Thirteen American Colonies, were a group of British colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America. Founded in the 17th and 18th centuries, they began fighting the American Revolutionary War in April 1775 and formed the United States of America by declaring full independence in July 1776. Just prior to declaring independence, the Thirteen Colonies in their traditional groupings were: New England (New Hampshire; Massachusetts; Rhode Island; Connecticut); Middle (New York; New Jersey; Pennsylvania; Delaware); Southern (Maryland; Virginia; North Carolina; South Carolina; and Georgia). The Thirteen Colonies came to have very similar political, constitutional, and

The New England Colonies are Connecticut Colony, Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Massachusetts Bay Colony, Plymouth Colony, and New Hampshire Colony.