Question: where are most of the divergent boundaries found

Answer: between oceanic plates

This is a document about Divergent boundary
  In plate tectonics, a divergent boundary or divergent plate boundary (also known as a constructive boundary or an extensional boundary) is a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other. Divergent boundaries within continents initially produce rifts, which eventually become rift valleys. Most active divergent plate boundaries occur between oceanic plates and exist as mid-oceanic ridges. Divergent boundaries also form volcanic islands, which occur when the plates move apart to produce gaps that magma rises to fill. Current research indicates that complex convection within the Earth's mantle allows material to rise to the base of the lithosphere beneath each divergent plate boundary.

This is a document about Angola Basin
  Typically divergent boundaries are described as having landward extension, seaward contraction, and translation, however the order of events in this area are difficult to distinguish in such a clear-cut manner. This is due to the fact that areas of the basin are superimposed upon one another, which some interpret to show pulses of deformation and uplift that occur at irregular times and places.

This is a document about Plate tectonics
 1) Divergent boundaries (constructive boundaries or extensional boundaries) occur where two plates slide apart from each other. At zones of ocean-to-ocean rifting, divergent boundaries form by seafloor spreading, allowing for the formation of new ocean basin. As the ocean plate splits, the ridge forms at the spreading center, the ocean basin expands, and finally, the plate area increases causing many small volcanoes and/or shallow earthquakes. At zones of continent-to-continent rifting, divergent boundaries may cause new ocean basin to form as the continent splits, spreads, the central rift collapses, and ocean fills the basin. Active zones of mid-ocean ridges (e.g., the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and East Pacific

This is a document about Divergent boundary
   At divergent boundaries, two plates move away from each other and the space that this creates is filled with new crustal material sourced from molten magma that forms below. The origin of new divergent boundaries at triple junctions is sometimes thought to be associated with the phenomenon known as hotspots. Here, exceedingly large convective cells bring very large quantities of hot asthenospheric material near the surface, and the kinetic energy is thought to be sufficient to break apart the lithosphere. The hot spot which may have initiated the Mid-Atlantic Ridge system currently underlies Iceland which is widening at a rate of a few centimeters per year. Divergent boundaries are typified in the oceanic lithosphere by the rifts of the oceanic ridge system, including the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the East Pacific

This is a document about Cloud
  Divergence is the opposite of convergence. In the Earth's troposphere, it involves the horizontal outflow of air from the upper part of a rising column of air, or from the lower part of a subsiding column often associated with an area or ridge of high pressure. Cloudiness tends to be least prevalent near the poles and in the subtropics close to the 30th parallels, north and south. The latter are sometimes referred to as the horse latitudes. The presence of a large-scale high-pressure subtropical ridge on each side of the equator reduces cloudiness at these low latitudes. Similar patterns also occur at higher latitudes in both hemispheres.

This is a document about Dendroclimatology
  The divergence problem is the disagreement between the temperatures measured by the thermometers (instrumental temperatures) on one side, and the temperatures reconstructed from the latewood density or width of tree rings on the other side, at many treeline sites in northern forests. While the rendering and analysis of data from thermometer records largely suggest a substantial warming trend, tree rings from these particular sites do not display a corresponding change in their maximum latewood density or, in some cases, their width. This does not apply to all such studies. Where this applies, a temperature trend extracted from tree rings alone would not show any substantial warming. The

This is a document about Outline of oceanography
  tectonic divergent plate boundary between the Nazca and Antarctic Plates ; D'Entrecasteaux Ridge – A double oceanic ridge in the south-west Pacific Ocean, north of New Caledonia and west of Vanuatu Islands ; Darwin Rise – A broad triangular region in the north central Pacific Ocean where there is a concentration of atolls ; East Pacific Rise – A mid-oceanic ridge at a divergent tectonic plate boundary on the floor of the Pacific Ocean ; East Tasman Plateau – A submerged microcontinent south east of Tasmania ; Explorer Ridge – A mid-ocean ridge west of British Columbia, Canada ; Galápagos Rise – A

This is a document about Plate tectonics
  and continent-to-continent rifting (such as Africa's East African Rift and Valley and the Red Sea), are examples of divergent boundaries. ; 2) Convergent boundaries (destructive boundaries or active margins) occur where two plates slide toward each other to form either a subduction zone (one plate moving underneath the other) or a continental collision. At zones of ocean-to-continent subduction (e.g. the Andes mountain range in South America, and the Cascade Mountains in Western United States), the dense oceanic lithosphere plunges beneath the less dense continent. Earthquakes trace the path of the downward-moving plate as it descends into asthenosphere, a trench forms, and as the subducted

This is a document about Geology of solar terrestrial planets
  to reshape the landscape. As the continental plates migrate across the planet, the ocean floor is subducted under the leading edges. At the same time, upwellings of mantle material create a divergent boundary along mid-ocean ridges. The combination of these processes continually recycles the ocean plate material. Most of the ocean floor is less than 100 million years in age. The oldest ocean plate is located in the Western Pacific, and has an estimated age of about 200 million years. By comparison, the oldest fossils found on land have an age of about 3 billion years. The continental plates consist of lower density material such as

This is a document about Salt surface structures
 1) Convergent boundaries – Areas where two plates collide; if there is water trapped between the two, there is the possibility of evaporation and deposition.  The Mediterranean Sea, particularly during the Messinian salinity crisis, is a prime example. ; 2) Rifted boundaries/passive margins – Also known as divergent boundaries, these areas begin as rift basins, where extension is pulling apart the crust.  If this rifting allows water to flood the resulting valley, salt deposition can occur.  Examples include the Campos Basin, Brazil, Kwanza Basin, West Africa, and the Gulf of Mexico. ; 3) Cratonic basins – Within continental boundaries, salt deposition can occur anywhere that bodies of water can collect.  Even away

This is a document about Vertical displacement
  Vertical displacement resulting from tectonic activity occurs at divergent and convergent plate boundaries. The movement of magma in the asthenosphere can create divergent plate boundaries as the magma begins to rise and protrude weaker lithospheric crust. Subsidence at a divergent plate boundary is a form of vertical displacement which occurs when a plate begins to split apart. As intrusive magma widens the rift zone of a divergent plate boundary the layers of crust on the surface above the rift will subside into the rift, creating a vertical displacement of those layers of surface crust. Convergent plate boundaries create orogenies such as the Laramide orogeny that raised the Rocky Mountains. For this

This is a document about Explorer Ridge
  This divergent boundary first formed about 5-7 million years ago when the northern end of the Juan de Fuca Plate broke off along the Nootka Fault to form the Explorer Plate. This apparently had some important ramifications for regional geologic evolution. When this change was completed, Cascade Arc volcanism from Northern California to southwestern British Columbia returned and the present-day Cascade Range and Olympic Mountains started to form. The oceanic crust is moving away from the Explorer Ridge to either side. On the eastern side the eastward moving Explorer Plate is being subducted under the North American Plate. The belt of volcanoes along the Pacific

This is a document about Ming treasure voyages
  of divergence was Calicut, from where ships sailed to Hormuz as well as other destinations at the Arabian Peninsula and East Africa. Malacca was the rendezvous point where the squadrons would reassemble for the final leg of the return journey. During all the voyages, the fleet departed from Sumatra to sail westward across the Indian Ocean. Northern Sumatra was an important region for the fleet's anchorage and assembly before they proceeded through the Indian Ocean to Ceylon and southern India. Its location was more important to the fleet than its wealth or products. Ma wrote that Semudera was the main route

This is a document about Convergent boundary
  A convergent boundary (also known as a destructive boundary) is an area on Earth where two or more lithospheric plates collide. One plate eventually slides beneath the other, a process known as subduction. The subduction zone can be defined by a plane where many earthquakes occur, called the Wadati–Benioff zone. These collisions happen on scales of millions to tens of millions of years and can lead to volcanism, earthquakes, orogenesis, destruction of lithosphere, and deformation. Convergent boundaries occur between oceanic-oceanic lithosphere, oceanic-continental lithosphere, and continental-continental lithosphere. The geologic features related to convergent boundaries vary depending on crust types. Plate tectonics is driven by convection cells in

This is a document about Volcanism on Mars
  Tectonic boundaries have been discovered on Mars. Valles Marineris is a horizontally sliding tectonic boundary that divides two major partial or complete plates of Mars. The recent finding suggests that Mars is geologically active with occurrences in the millions of years. There has been previous evidence of Mars' geologic activity. The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) discovered magnetic stripes in the crust of Mars, especially in the Phaethontis and Eridania quadrangles. The magnetometer on MGS discovered 100 km wide stripes of magnetized crust running roughly parallel for up to 2000 km. These stripes alternate in polarity with the north magnetic pole of one pointing up from the surface and the north magnetic

This is a document about Divergence problem
   The divergence problem is an anomaly from the field of dendroclimatology, the study of past climate through observations of old trees, primarily the properties of their annual growth rings. It is the disagreement between instrumental temperatures (measured by thermometers) and the temperatures reconstructed from latewood densities or, in some cases, from the widths of tree rings in far northern forests. While the thermometer records indicate a substantial late 20th century warming trend, many tree rings from such sites do not display a corresponding change in their maximum latewood density. In some studies this issue has also been found with tree ring width. A temperature trend extracted from tree rings alone would not show any substantial warming since the 1950s. The temperature graphs calculated in these two ways thus "diverge" from one another, which is the origin of the term.

This is a document about Beethoven quadrangle
  Neither faults nor scarps that are possibly associated with faults or monoclinal folding appear to be common in the Beethoven quadrangle, possibly because of the high sun elevation. The longest and most prominent of these structures occur in the plains and terra material, undivided, in the southeast quadrant of the map area. There, a series of prominent scarps extends northeast from near latitude 10° S., longitude 95° to latitude 4° S., longitude 86°, over a distance of about 400 km. The inner ring of crater Durer appears to be slightly offset on the north side by a small normal or

This is a document about Persian Gulf Basin
 Stable Arabian shelf ; Unstable Arabian shelf ; Zagros fold-and-thrust belt Arabian Trough – in the middle part of the basin which is largely covered by Saudi Arabia and Bahrain. ; Gotnia Trough – in the northern side of the basin covering Iraq and Syria. ; Rub-Al-Khali – in Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates. The Arabian Plate shows divergent margins around the adjacent areas of the Gulf of Aden, Red Sea and the south western side of the Arabian plate. On the south and south eastern side of the Arabian plate lies the Owen-Sheba which is an intra-oceanic transform fault. Then there is convergent margin located on the

This is a document about Sundaland
  Trench - some of the deepest in the world - and the Indian Ocean. The eastern boundary of Sundaland is the Wallace Line, identified by Alfred Russel Wallace as the eastern boundary of the range of Asia's land mammal fauna, and thus the boundary of the Indomalayan and Australasian realms. The islands east of the Wallace line are known as Wallacea, a separate biogeographical region that is considered part of Australasia. The Wallace Line corresponds to a deep-water channel that has never been crossed by any land bridges. The northern border of Sundaland is more difficult to define in bathymetric terms; a phytogeographic transition at approximately 9ºN is considered to be the northern boundary. Greater portions of Sundaland were most recently exposed during the last glacial period

This is a document about Chile
  settlement of coastal towns and big ports. Some areas of the plains territories encompass territory east of the Andes, and the Patagonian steppes and Magellan, or are high plateaus surrounded by high mountain ranges, such as the Altiplano or Puna de Atacama. The Far North is the area between the northern boundary of the country and the parallel 26° S, covering the first three regions. It is characterized by the presence of the Atacama desert, the most arid in the world. The desert is fragmented by streams that originate in the area known as the pampas Tamarugal. The Andes, split in two and whose eastern arm runs

Most divergent boundaries are found at the edges of tectonic plates, specifically in the mid-ocean ridge system. These boundaries occur where plates are moving away from each other, allowing for the formation of new crust and the creation of new oceanic basins.


Question: muscle fatigue occurs due to a buildup of

Answer: metabolites

This is a document about Fatigue
  Physical fatigue, or muscle fatigue, is the temporary physical inability of muscles to perform optimally. The onset of muscle fatigue during physical activity is gradual, and depends upon an individual's level of physical fitness – other factors include sleep deprivation and overall health. Physical fatigue can be caused by a lack of energy in the muscle, by a decrease of the efficiency of the neuromuscular junction or by a reduction of the drive originating from the central nervous system, and can be reversed by rest. The central component of fatigue is triggered by an increase of the level of serotonin in the central nervous system. During motor activity, serotonin released in synapses that contact motor neurons promotes muscle contraction. During high level of motor activity, the amount

This is a document about Weight training
  increased blood flow also known as edema (the "pump"). True muscle fatigue is experienced as loss of power in muscles due to a lack of ATP, the energy used by our body, or a marked and uncontrollable loss of strength in a muscle, arising from the nervous system (motor unit) rather than from the muscle fibers themselves. Extreme neural fatigue can be experienced as temporary muscle failure. Some weight training programs, such as Metabolic Resistance Training, actively seek temporary muscle failure; evidence to support this type of training is mixed at best. Irrespective of their program, however, most athletes engaged in high-intensity weight training will experience muscle failure during their regimens. Beginners are advised to build up slowly to a weight training

This is a document about Muscle weakness
  Peripheral muscle fatigue' during physical work is an inability for the body to supply sufficient energy or other metabolites to the contracting muscles to meet the increased energy demand. This is the most common case of physical fatigue—affecting a national average of 72% of adults in the work force in 2002. This causes contractile dysfunction that manifests in the eventual reduction or lack of ability of a single muscle or local group of muscles to do work. The insufficiency of energy, i.e. sub-optimal aerobic metabolism, generally results in the accumulation of lactic acid and other acidic anaerobic metabolic by-products in the muscle, causing the stereotypical burning sensation of

This is a document about Exercise physiology
  Researchers once attributed fatigue to a build-up of lactic acid in muscles. However, this is no longer believed. Rather, lactate may stop muscle fatigue by keeping muscles fully responding to nerve signals. The available oxygen and energy supply, and disturbances of muscle ion homeostasis are the main factor determining exercise performance, at least during brief very intense exercise. Each muscle contraction involves an action potential that activates voltage sensors, and so releases Ca2+ ions from the muscle fibre’s sarcoplasmic reticulum. The action potentials that cause this also require ion changes: Na influxes during the depolarization phase and K effluxes for the repolarization phase. Cl− ions also diffuse into the sarcoplasm to aid the repolarization phase. During intense muscle contraction, the ion pumps that maintain homeostasis of these ions are inactivated and this (with other ion related disruption) causes ionic disturbances. This causes cellular membrane depolarization, inexcitability, and so muscle weakness. Ca2+ leakage from type 1 ryanodine receptor) channels has also been identified with fatigue.

This is a document about Weakness
  Peripheral muscle fatigue during physical work is considered an inability for the body to supply sufficient energy or other metabolites to the contracting muscles to meet the increased energy demand. This is the most common case of physical fatigue—affecting a national average of 72% of adults in the work force in 2002. This causes contractile dysfunction that manifests in the eventual reduction or lack of ability of a single muscle or local group of muscles to do work. The insufficiency of energy, i.e. sub-optimal aerobic metabolism, generally results in the accumulation of lactic acid and other acidic anaerobic metabolic by-products in the muscle, causing the stereotypical burning sensation

This is a document about Central governor
  the breathing of a gas mixture rich in oxygen would produce a greater degree of saturation of the blood and so allow the output to increase until the ‘governor’ stopped it again. We realise the danger of a hypothesis partly suggested by teleological reasoning: in this case, however, we can see no other explanation of our experimental results pp. 163" This hypothesis was disregarded and further research upon exercise fatigue was modeled in terms of it being due to a mechanical failure of the exercising muscles ("peripheral muscle fatigue"). This failure was caused either by an inadequate oxygen supply to the exercising muscles, lactic acid buildup, or total energy depletion in the exhausted muscles.

This is a document about Muscle weakness
  feedback that is read by this central regulator could include chemical and mechanical as well as cognitive cues. The significance of each of these factors will depend on the nature of the fatigue-inducing work that is being performed. Though not universally used, "metabolic fatigue" is a common alternative term for peripheral muscle weakness, because of the reduction in contractile force due to the direct or indirect effects of the reduction of substrates or accumulation of metabolites within the muscle fiber. This can occur through a simple lack of energy to fuel contraction, or through interference with the ability of Ca2+ to stimulate actin and myosin to contract.

This is a document about Muscle fatigue
  Muscle fatigue may be due to precise molecular changes that occur in vivo with sustained exercise. It has been found that the ryanodine receptor present in skeletal muscle undergoes a conformational change during exercise, resulting in "leaky" channels that are deficient in calcium release. These "leaky" channels may be a contributor to muscle fatigue and decreased exercise capacity.

This is a document about Muscle fatigue
  Muscle fatigue is the decline in ability of muscles to generate force. It can be a result of vigorous exercise but abnormal fatigue may be caused by barriers to or interference with the different stages of muscle contraction. There are two main causes of muscle fatigue: the limitations of a nerve’s ability to generate a sustained signal (neural fatigue); and the reduced ability of the muscle fiber to contract (metabolic fatigue).

This is a document about Muscle fatigue
 1) Shortage of fuel (substrates) within the muscle fiber ; 2) Accumulation of substances (metabolites) within the muscle fiber, which interfere either with the release of calcium (Ca2+) or with the ability of calcium to stimulate muscle contraction. Though not universally used, ‘metabolic fatigue’ is a common term for the reduction in contractile force due to the direct or indirect effects of two main factors:

This is a document about Weakness
  the feedback that is read by this central regulator could include chemical and mechanical as well as cognitive cues. The significance of each of these factors will depend on the nature of the fatigue-inducing work that is being performed. Though not universally used, "metabolic fatigue" is a common alternative term for peripheral muscle weakness, because of the reduction in contractile force due to the direct or indirect effects of the reduction of substrates or accumulation of metabolites within the myocytes. This can occur through a simple lack of energy to fuel contraction, or through interference with the ability of Ca2+ to stimulate actin and myosin to contract.

This is a document about Weakness
  Muscle cells work by detecting a flow of electrical impulses from the brain, which signals them to contract through the release of calcium by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Fatigue (reduced ability to generate force) may occur due to the nerve, or within the muscle cells themselves. New research from scientists at Columbia University suggests that muscle fatigue is caused by calcium leaking out of the muscle cell. This makes less calcium available for the muscle cell. In addition, the Columbia researchers propose that an enzyme activated by this released calcium eats away at muscle fibers. Substrates within the muscle generally serve to power muscular contractions. They include molecules such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), glycogen and creatine phosphate. ATP binds to the myosin head and causes the ‘ratchetting’ that results in contraction according to the sliding filament model.

This is a document about Branched-chain amino acid
  lower levels of GABA and glutamate, causing an increase in central fatigue. Increased levels of ammonia in the muscle tissue also increase phosphofructokinase activity (PFK), leading to an increase in lactic acid, a major contributor to muscle fatigue. In addition, BCAA supplementation has been shown to decrease levels of creatine kinase in muscle cells post exercise. Creatine kinase is an indicator of muscle damage, and is responsible for transferring a phosphate group from ATP to create a phosphocreatine molecule. BCAA supplementation has been shown to decrease levels of creatine kinase, leading to higher levels of intracellular ATP and a lessened sense of fatigue. See also DOMS.

This is a document about Muscle weakness
  It was once believed that lactic acid build-up was the cause of muscle fatigue. The assumption was lactic acid had a "pickling" effect on muscles, inhibiting their ability to contract. The impact of lactic acid on performance is now uncertain, it may assist or hinder muscle fatigue. Produced as a by-product of fermentation, lactic acid can increase intracellular acidity of muscles. This can lower the sensitivity of contractile apparatus to calcium ions (Ca2+) but also has the effect of increasing cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration through an inhibition of the chemical pump that actively transports calcium out of the cell. This counters inhibiting effects of potassium ions (K+) on muscular action potentials. Lactic acid also has a negating effect on the chloride ions in the muscles, reducing their inhibition of contraction and leaving K+ as the only restricting influence on muscle contractions, though the effects of potassium are much less than if there were no lactic acid to remove the chloride ions. Ultimately, it is uncertain if lactic acid reduces fatigue through increased intracellular calcium or increases fatigue through reduced sensitivity of contractile proteins to Ca2+.

This is a document about Muscle fatigue
  It was once believed that lactic acid build-up was the cause of muscle fatigue. The assumption was lactic acid had a "pickling" effect on muscles, inhibiting their ability to contract. Though the impact of lactic acid on performance is now uncertain, it may assist or hinder muscle fatigue. Produced as a by-product of fermentation, lactic acid can increase intracellular acidity of muscles. This can lower the sensitivity of contractile apparatus to Ca2+ but also has the effect of increasing cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration through an inhibition of the chemical pump that actively transports calcium out of the cell. This counters inhibiting effects of potassium on muscular action potentials. Lactic acid also has a negating effect on the chloride ions in the muscles, reducing their inhibition of contraction and leaving potassium ions as the only restricting influence on muscle contractions, though the effects of potassium are much less than if there were no lactic acid to remove the chloride ions. Ultimately, it is uncertain if lactic acid reduces fatigue through increased intracellular calcium or increases fatigue through reduced sensitivity of contractile proteins to Ca2+. Lactic acid is now used as a measure of endurance training effectiveness and VO2 max.

This is a document about Weakness
  local muscle fatigue, though recent studies have indicated otherwise, actually finding that lactic acid is a source of energy. The fundamental difference between the peripheral and central theories of muscle fatigue is that the peripheral model of muscle fatigue assumes failure at one or more sites in the chain that initiates muscle contraction. Peripheral regulation therefore depends on the localized metabolic chemical conditions of the local muscle affected, whereas the central model of muscle fatigue is an integrated mechanism that works to preserve the integrity of the system by initiating muscle fatigue through muscle derecruitment, based on collective feedback from the periphery, before cellular or organ failure occurs.

This is a document about Muscle weakness
  Muscle cells work by detecting a flow of electrical impulses from the brain which signals them to contract through the release of calcium by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Fatigue (reduced ability to generate force) may occur due to the nerve, or within the muscle cells themselves. New research from scientists at Columbia University suggests that muscle fatigue is caused by calcium leaking out of the muscle cell. This causes there to be less calcium available for the muscle cell. In addition an enzyme is proposed to be activated by this released calcium which eats away at muscle fibers. Substrates within the muscle generally serve to power muscular contractions. They include molecules such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), glycogen and creatine phosphate. ATP binds to the myosin head and causes the ‘ratchetting’ that results in contraction according to the sliding filament

This is a document about Muscle weakness
  muscle fatigue, though recent studies have indicated otherwise, actually finding that lactic acid is a source of energy. The fundamental difference between the peripheral and central theories of muscle fatigue is that the peripheral model of muscle fatigue assumes failure at one or more sites in the chain that initiates muscle contraction. Peripheral regulation therefore depends on the localized metabolic chemical conditions of the local muscle affected, whereas the central model of muscle fatigue is an integrated mechanism that works to preserve the integrity of the system by initiating muscle fatigue through muscle derecruitment, based on collective feedback from the periphery, before cellular or organ failure occurs. Therefore,

This is a document about Adenosine monophosphate deaminase deficiency type 1
 Fatigue ; MADD lowers aerobic power output, so increased anaerobic power is needed to perform the same amount of work. ; Without myoadenlyate deaminase, heavy activity causes adenosine to be released into the cell or perfused into the surrounding tissues. Fatigue and sedation after heavy exertion can be caused by excess adenosine in the cells which signals muscle fiber to feel fatigued. In the brain, excess adenosine decreases alertness and causes sleepiness. In this way, adenosine may play a role in fatigue from MADD. ; Recovery from over-exertion can be hours, days or even months. In cases of rhabdomyolysis, which is the rapid breakdown of muscle fibers,

This is a document about Exercise-associated muscle cramps
  The second hypothesis is altered neuromuscular control. In this hypothesis, it is suggested that cramping is due to altered neuromuscular activity. The proposed underlying cause of the altered neuromuscular control is due to fatigue. There are several disturbances, at various levels of the central and peripheral nervous system, and the skeletal muscle that contribute to cramping. These disturbances can be described by a series of several key events. First and foremost, repetitive muscle exercise can lead to the development of fatigue due to one or more of the following: inadequate conditioning, hot and or humid environments, increased intensity, increased duration, and decreased supply of energy. Muscle fatigue itself causes increased excitatory afferent activity within the muscle spindles and decreased inhibitory afferent activity within the Golgi tendon. The coupling of these events leads to altered neuromuscular control from the spinal cord. A cascade of events follow the altered neuromuscular control; this includes increased alpha-motor neuron activity in the spinal cord, which overloads the lower motor neurons, and increased muscle cell membrane activity. Thus, the resultant of this cascade is a muscle cramp.

Muscle fatigue occurs due to a buildup of lactic acid and other metabolic by-products in the muscle cells.


Question: who plays chad in the ryan white story

Answer: Ryan White

This is a document about Ryan White
  had made him welcome in the town of Cicero. Ryan White emphasized his differing experiences in Kokomo and Cicero as an example of the power and importance of AIDS education. In 1989, ABC aired the television movie The Ryan White Story, starring Lukas Haas as Ryan, Judith Light as Jeanne and Nikki Cox as his sister Andrea. Ryan White had a small cameo appearance as "Chad" in the film, playing a boy also suffering from HIV who befriends Haas. Others in the film included Sarah Jessica Parker as a sympathetic nurse, George Dzundza as his doctor, and George C. Scott as Ryan's attorney, who legally argued against school board authorities. Nielsen estimated that

This is a document about List of Soul Artist Management models
 Chad White

This is a document about Chad Broskey
  He appeared as Gavin in an episode for The Suite Life of Zack & Cody. He also co-starred in the Disney Channel Original Movie Read It and Weep opposite Kay Panabaker as Marco Vega and appeared in the Scrubs episode Their Story as The Todd's fantasy son Rod. Recently, Chad appeared in an episode of Wizards of Waverly Place as one of the football players that helps Justin take down The Answer Man. His last movie was Legally Blondes.

This is a document about List of High School Musical characters
  for luxuries at the country club. The two, however, make up. In High School Musical 3: Senior Year, Chad is looking forward to playing basketball with Troy at the University of Albuquerque following high school graduation. He is initially upset when Troy decides to attend the University of California, Berkeley instead, but accepts the fact that he and Troy cannot stay together forever. Chad also struggles with asking Taylor to prom, but finally succeeds after several tries. Corbin Bleu portrays Chad Danforth in the first three films of the franchise. Bleu originally auditioned for the role of Ryan Evans, but was suggested for the role of Chad instead. Bleu had auditioned for Disney Channel projects in the past.

This is a document about The Ryan White Story
  The Ryan White Story is a 1989 American made-for-television biographical drama film starring Lukas Haas, and Judith Light, directed by John Herzfeld. The film first aired on the ABC network on January 16, 1989. It is based on the true story of the American teenager Ryan White, who became a national poster child for HIV/AIDS in the United States, after being expelled from middle school because of his infection. Nielsen ratings estimated that the movie was seen by 15 million viewers on the original airing. Upon airing, some residents of Kokomo felt that the film unfairly portrayed the town in a

This is a document about Shredder (film)
  A man named Chad (Elliot Olson) is snowboarding down a mountain, when suddenly a skier dressed in black attacks him. He attempts to get away, but is decapitated by a piece of wire strung up between two trees. Meanwhile, college student Kimberly (Lindsey McKeon) is going on a trip to an abandoned ski resort, which her father will be buying soon, with her boyfriend Cole (Scott Weinger), cousin Pike (Juleah Weikel), and friends Skyler (Billy O'Sullivan), Robyn (Holly Towne) and Kirk (Peter Riggs). While stopping at a gas station, the group bump into the European Christophe (Brad Hawkins), who they quickly invite along with them. After arriving at the resort,

This is a document about List of High School Musical characters
  of the franchise. Corbin Bleu, who was later cast as Chad Danforth, auditioned for the role of Ryan. Grabeel had previously appeared in Disney Channel's Halloweentown High. Only after the end of the franchise, David Simpatico, one of the writers, revealed Ryan's homosexuality, describing him as a "coded gay" – characters without revealed sexuality by the rules of the studios, a controversial topic when talking to children and teenagers. Ortega based the character on his own adolescence: "I see a lot of myself in Ryan. Yeah, I knew I was gay in high school, but I didn't tell anybody".

This is a document about Chad Allen (actor)
  Chad Allen (born June 5, 1974) is an American psychologist and retired actor. Beginning his career at the age of seven, Allen is a three-time Young Artist Award winner and GLAAD Media Award honoree. He was a teen idol during the late 1980s as David Witherspoon on the NBC family drama Our House and as Zach Nichols on the NBC sitcom My Two Dads before transitioning to an adult career as Matthew Cooper on the CBS western drama Dr. Quinn: Medicine Woman. He announced his retirement from acting in April 2015.

This is a document about Chad DiMera
  The casting and character was announced in late May 2009. Casey Deidrick had joined the cast as Chad. Deidrick revealed in an interview that he originally auditioned for the role of Tad. Despite very positive feedback, Brendan Coughlin was cast in the role of Tad. Deidrick's audition caught the attention of casting director, Marnie Saitta and he was soon called back to audition for the newly created role of Chad. Deidrick tested opposite Taylor Spreitler, whom he had previously met through a mutual friend. Deidrick learned a few weeks later that he had won the role and signed the standard four-year contract. In the spring of 2013, the series released a casting call for an actor matching Deidrick's description

This is a document about Russell family (Passions)
  is committing incest because he is Vincent's half-uncle, adoptive half-cousin, and half-brother-in-law. After catching Chad having sex with Vincent, Whitney files for divorce; they later begin to reconcile through helping Theresa Lopez-Fitzgerald and Ethan Winthrop reunite as a couple. Their potential reconciliation is cut short when Chad is murdered by Alistair. Chad was portrayed by two actors over the course of the show: Donn Swaby (1999 to 2002) and Charles Divins (2002 to 2007). Despite the controversy, and negative reception of Chad's sexual encounters with Vincent, Divins noted "the characters and their relationship [are] important aspects of the show." To prepare for the storyline, Divins consulted with his gay friends, and

This is a document about Out There (2013 TV series)
 Ryan Quincy as Chad Stevens - Protagonist ; Justin Roiland as Chris Novak - Chad's best friend ; Kate Micucci as Jay Stevens - Chad's little brother ; John DiMaggio as Wayne Stevens - Chad's dad ; Megan Mullally as Rose Stevens - Chad's mom ; Pamela Adlon as Joanie Novak - Chris's mom ; Fred Armisen as Terry Rosachristas - Joanie's boyfriend ; Linda Cardellini as Sharla Lemoyne - Chad's love interest

This is a document about In the Company of Men
 Aaron Eckhart as Chad ; Matt Malloy as Howard ; Stacy Edwards as Christine ; Mark Rector as John ; Jason Dixie as Intern

This is a document about List of Sea Patrol characters
  Midshipman Ryan White, a naval cadet, played by Dominic Deutscher, takes his orientation cruise aboard HMAS Hammersley—apparently by the arrangement of his mother, the Hammersley's Squadron Commander, Commander Maxine 'Knocker' White, who has a past with the CO. Ryan is apparently her son by her ex-husband (Stewart White), the relationship between Ryan and CO Flynn grows increasingly complex and serious as the final season progresses, and ends dramatically. Along the way, Ryan's adventures and crew relations are complicated by his semi-official standing as crew, by his internal coming-of-age crises, and his past, particularly by his relationship to the boatswain/chef, Jessica 'Gap Girl' Bird, with whom he was attempting to pursue for a relationship before his assignment to Hammersley.

This is a document about Jeremy Allen White
  Jeremy Allen White (born February 17, 1991) is an American film and television actor. He is best known for playing Phillip "Lip" Gallagher on the Showtime dramedy series Shameless. White has appeared in several films including Beautiful Ohio, The Speed of Life, Afterschool, Twelve, and After Everything.

This is a document about Brian Krause
  last two episodes. After Charmed, he has appeared in made-for-TV-movies and TV shows such as Mad Men (episode 2x12 The Mountain King), The Closer (episode 4x01 Controlled Burn), and Castle (episode 3x03 Under the Gun). He lent his voice and image to portray a minor character (Clem Feeney) in the videogame L.A. Noire, and he appeared in the YouTube video series Chad Vader, in Season 4, Episode 4: "The Return of Brian" (uploaded July 10, 2012), as himself, a former employee of Empire Market. He starred as Ben in the 2012 film Ben and Becca, directed by Victor Alferi, written and produced by Bibi Amos, who also starred as Becca.

This is a document about Daniel Romer
  Daniel Romer a.k.a. Danny Romer (born April 1990, Las Vegas, Nevada) is an American actor and model. He has several international modeling campaigns to his name. He is known for his role in The Young and the Restless as Kieran Donnally, the law school drop-out turned drug dealer; and as Marcus "Mark" Anderson, a street photographer within the world of fashion blogging in Lookbook - The Series. Romer was cast as Joe in a written for TV Pilot, that was filmed in Italy. He played the bully Brad, a tennis camp kid, opposite Nikki Blonsky and Hayley Hasselhoff in the ABC

This is a document about The Ryan White Story
 Lukas Haas as Ryan White ; Judith Light as Jeanne White ; Nikki Cox as Andrea White ; Michael Bowen as Harley ; George Dzundza as Dr. Kleiman ; Sarah Jessica Parker as Laura ; Ryan White as Chad ; Mitch Ryan as Tom ; Grace Zabriskie as Gloria White ; George C. Scott as Charles Vaughan Sr ; Kathy Wagner as Sue Hatch ; Casey Ellison as Heath

This is a document about Brothers & Sisters (season 3)
 Luke Grimes as Ryan Lafferty ; Nigel Havers as Roger Grant ; Megan Follows as Maggie Stephens ; Matt Letscher as Alec Tyler ; Jason Lewis as Chad Barry (1 episode) ; Will McCormack as Ethan Travis ; Ken Olin as David Caplan ; Eric Christian Olsen as Kyle DeWitt ; Mitch Pileggi as Browne Carter ; Tom Skerritt as William Walker ; Sonja Sohn as Trish Evans ; Steven Weber as Graham Finch ; Cristián de la Fuente as Cal

This is a document about Green Room (film)
  Saulnier made sure that there were no "gratuitous close ups" of recently deceased characters. On May 22, 2014, it was announced that Broad Green Pictures would finance and produce the film directed and written by Jeremy Saulnier, with Film Science. Anish Savjani, Neil Kopp and Victor Moyers would produce the film. On October 16, Anton Yelchin and Imogen Poots joined the lead cast of the film, along with Alia Shawkat, Callum Turner, Joe Cole, Macon Blair and Mark Webber. On October 21, Patrick Stewart was added to the cast to play Darcy Banker, the leader of a violent white supremacist group, while other cast includes Kai Lennox, Eric Edelstein and Taylor Tunes.

This is a document about Chad Michael Murray
  Chad Michael Murray (born August 24, 1981) is an American actor and former fashion model. He is best known for playing Lucas Scott in The WB/CW drama series One Tree Hill (2003–09, 2012), a recurring role as Tristan Dugray on The WB/CW series Gilmore Girls (2000–01), and Charlie Todd in the fifth season of The WB series Dawson’s Creek (2001–02). Murray had supporting roles in the films Freaky Friday (2003), A Cinderella Story (2004), House of Wax (2005), and Fruitvale Station (2013). Murray appeared in a supporting role in the Marvel/ABC series Agent Carter (2015–16). He had a recurring role as Edgar Evernever on Riverdale in 2019.

Chad White is played by Chad Michael Murray in "The Ryan White Story."


Question: which country is the owner of royal enfield

Answer: India

This is a document about Royal Enfield (India)
  Royal Enfield is an Indian multinational motorcycle manufacturing company headquartered in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The company is the oldest global motorcycle brand in continuous production, and operates manufacturing plants in Chennai in India. Licensed from Royal Enfield by the indigenous Indian Madras Motors, it is now a subsidiary of Eicher Motors Limited, an Indian automaker. The company makes classic-looking motorcycles including the Royal Enfield Bullet, Classic 350, Meteor 350, Classic 500, Interceptor 650, Continental and many more. Royal Enfield also make adventurous and offroading motorcycles like Royal Enfield Himalayan. Their motorcycles are equipped with single-cylinder and twin-cylinder engines. First produced in 1901, Royal Enfield is the oldest motorcycle brand in the world still in production, with the Bullet model enjoying the longest motorcycle production run of all time.

This is a document about Royal Enfield
  Royal Enfield was a brand name under which The Enfield Cycle Company Limited of Redditch, Worcestershire sold motorcycles, bicycles, lawnmowers and stationary engines which they had manufactured. Enfield Cycle Company also used the brand name "Enfield" without the "Royal". The first Royal Enfield motorcycle was built in 1901. The Enfield Cycle Company is responsible for the design and original production of the Royal Enfield Bullet, the longest-lived motorcycle design in history. Royal Enfield's spare parts operation was sold to Velocette in 1967, which benefitted from the arrangement for three years until their closure in early 1971. Enfield's remaining motorcycle business became part of Norton Villiers in 1967 with the business eventually closing in 1978.

This is a document about Royal Enfield (India)
  from concept generation and clay design to engineering design, prototyping and validation. Royal Enfield currently sells motorcycles in more than 50 countries. Royal Enfield surpassed Harley-Davidson in global sales in 2015. In August 2015, Royal Enfield Motors announced it is establishing its North American headquarters and a dealership in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, with the intention to offer three bikes, the Bullet 500, Classic 500 and Continental GT 535 Cafe Racer as they feel this engine size represents an under-served market. The dealership will be Royal Enfield's first company-owned store in the U.S., according to Rod Copes, president of Royal Enfield North America. The company wants to establish

This is a document about Royal Enfield (India)
  to normal on 14 December. Royal Enfield announced its first takeover of another company in May, 2015 with the purchase of a UK motorcycle design and manufacturing firm, Harris Performance Products, that had previously developed the chassis of the Royal Enfield Continental GT Cafe Racer. Harris work with the UK-based part of Royal Enfield's development team, who are based at the UK Technology Centre at Bruntingthorpe Proving Ground in Leicestershire. The team was established in January 2015, and moved into their new, purpose-built facility in May 2017. By the end of 2019, the team numbered 155 and carries out the full spectrum of design and development

This is a document about Royal Enfield
  from the arrangement to such an extent that the company as a whole survived for another three years until their closure in early 1971. C C Cooper, a West Bromwich metals dealer, continued to produce limited spare parts for a short time by a small team of engineers. Enfield of India continued producing the 'Bullet', and began branding its motorcycles 'Royal Enfield' in 1999. A lawsuit over the use of 'Royal', brought by trademark owner David Holder, was judged in favour of Enfield of India, who now produce motorcycles under the Royal Enfield name. The models produced and marketed in India include Cafe Racers, Cruisers, Retros and Adventure Tourers.

This is a document about Royal Enfield
  father died in 1933. After his death Enfield was bought by investors E & H P Smith who sold Enfield for £82,500 to Norton Villiers in 1967. While Norton Villiers acquired 33 per cent of Enfield India the assets of Enfield's diesel engine division and pedal cycle and spares divisions were not picked up. Royal Enfield produced bicycles at its Redditch factory until it closed in early 1967. The company's last new bicycle was the 'Revelation' small wheeler, released in 1965. Production of motorcycles ceased in 1970 and the original Redditch, Worcestershire-based company was dissolved in 1971. Royal Enfield's spare parts operation was sold to Velocette in 1967, which

This is a document about Royal Enfield Bullet
  Under the newly appointed CEO of Enfield India, Siddhartha Lal, Eicher undertook major investment in the ailing firm. This was started with a lawsuit to secure the trademark and intellectual property rights of the defunct British Royal Enfield, in the hands of the Holder family since the British Royal Enfield's bankruptcy proceedings in 1970. After winning a trademark lawsuit, the company name was changed to Royal Enfield Motors. Many management and production changes were made, with the production process being streamlined and excess capacity redistributed. Without the large-scale Army/Law Enforcement orders to bail the company out, there was only the individual sales route in which the company had to perform if it were to survive at all. The company also faced the difficult task of catering to a very diverse market.

This is a document about Siddhartha Lal
  Siddhartha Lal relocated from Delhi to London, in August 2015, in order to be close to Royal Enfield's new R&D centre in Leicestershire. "We are in the process of developing engines for the international markets and lots of developmental work is happening in the UK. It is for that I have decided to move to the UK for one year," he said.

This is a document about List of Royal Enfield motorcycles
  This is a list of motorcycles produced under the Royal Enfield brand by the defunct original company, Enfield Manufacturing Company Ltd of Redditch, UK, and later users of the name, including the current user of the brand name, Royal Enfield (India) of Chennai, India.

This is a document about Royal Enfield Bullet
  The Royal Enfield Bullet was originally an overhead-valve single-cylinder four-stroke motorcycle made by Royal Enfield in Redditch, Worcestershire, now produced by Royal Enfield (India) at Chennai, Tamil Nadu, a company originally founded by Madras Motors to build Royal Enfield motorcycles under licence in India. The Royal Enfield Bullet has the longest unchanged production run of any motorcycle having remained continuously in production since 1948. The Bullet marque is even older, and has passed 75 years of continuous production. The Royal Enfield and Bullet names derive from the British company which had been a subcontractor to Royal Small Arms Factory in Enfield, London.

This is a document about Redditch
  Redditch was the home of the Royal Enfield motorcycle. This is where the main factory of the original company was located and the business continued manufacturing until the 1960s, the last model being the Interceptor. The Redditch factory was closed in 1967 and production was moved to the Bradford on Avon factory, which closed in 1970, ending English Enfield manufacturing. In the mid 1950s, the company established a partner, Madras Motors, in Madras, India, who manufactured the Bullet 350 model. The Indian factory is producing new models and has taken Royal Enfield into its third century of manufacturing. Some of the original factory buildings in Redditch still remain, most are in a derelict state and can be seen from Hewell Road. Some buildings have been taken over and now make the old part of Enfield Industrial Estate close to the town centre on Hewell Road.

This is a document about Royal Enfield
  From 1955 to 1959, Royal Enfields were painted red, and marketed in the US as Indian Motorcycles by the Brockhouse Corporation, who had control of the Indian Sales Corporation (and therefore Indian Motorcycles) and had stopped manufacturing all American Indians in the Springfield factory in 1953. But Americans were not impressed by the badge engineering, and the marketing agreement ended in 1960, and from 1961, Royal Enfields were available in the US under their own name. The largest Enfield 'Indian' was a 700 cc twin named the Chief, like its American predecessors.

This is a document about Enfield Automotive
  Enfield Automotive was an electric car manufacturer founded in the United Kingdom in the 1960s. Under the ownership of Greek millionaire Giannis Goulandris, production was moved to the Greek isle of Syros during the oil crisis of 1973, although the vehicles were, according to one report, sent back to be assembled on the Isle of Wight. (actually the cars were completely built on Syros and sent to Britain for installation of the batteries).

This is a document about Royal Enfield Bullet
  and included panniers for touring. The design was developed in partnership with British Plastics and featured as a series in The Motor Cycle magazine. The engines were the same and the only differences were in exhaust, seating, instrumentation, handlebars and fuel tank. Numerous technical improvements were also made, including moving to alternator charging (1956) and coil ignition (1960). The 350 cc model continued in production, but the 500 cc model was discontinued in 1961. In 1962, the UK company was sold and the Bullet discontinued and in 1967, the Redditch factory closed. Finally, in 1970, Royal Enfield closed down completely. Additional to the

This is a document about Royal Enfield
  & Onions Pneumatic Engineering. Enfield Cycle Company took over the Hunt End premises. In 1955, Enfield Cycle Company partnered with Madras Motors in India in forming Enfield of India, based in Chennai, and started assembling the 350cc Royal Enfield Bullet motorcycle in Madras. The first machines were assembled from components imported from England. Starting in 1957, Enfield of India acquired the machines necessary to build components in India, and by 1962 all components were made in India. Frank Walker Smith (1888-1962), eldest son of Robert Walker Smith, joined Enfield Cycle Company in 1909. Appointed joint (with his father) managing director in 1914 he took over the full responsibility when

This is a document about Royal Enfield (India)
  1960 engine (with metric bearing sizes), Royal Enfield still makes an essentially similar bike in the 350 cc and 500 cc models, along with several different models for different market segments. In 1990, Royal Enfield collaborated with the Eicher Group, an automotive company in India, and merged with it in 1994. Apart from bikes, Eicher Group is involved in the production and sales of commercial vehicles and automotive gears. Although Royal Enfield experienced difficulties in the 1990s, and ceased motorcycle production at their Jaipur factory in 2002, by 2013 the company opened a new primary factory in the Chennai suburb of Oragadam on the strength of increased

This is a document about Eicher Motors
  Eicher Motors Limited is an Indian multinational automotive company that manufactures motorcycles and commercial vehicles, headquartered in New Delhi. Eicher is the parent company of Royal Enfield, a manufacturer of middleweight motorcycles.

This is a document about Royal Enfield Himalayan
  The Royal Enfield Himalayan was conceived by CEO Siddhartha Lal, as an adventure touring, or dual sport motorcycle. The Himalayan differs considerably from the other motorcycles offered by Royal Enfield - most of which are various incarnations of the Bullet utilising the same frame and engine - in terms of its chassis and powertrain. Pierre Terblanche, formerly of Ducati and Moto Guzzi among other companies, headed Royal Enfield's design team during development of the Himalayan. An early prototype was made in mid-2014, followed by a more complete version in 2015. The vehicle was released in India in early 2016, followed by a release in international markets such as Philippines, Australia and the United Kingdom later that year. Both domestic and export model now gets Electronic Fuel Injection and ABS as standard. The new 2021 model

This is a document about List of aircraft engine manufacturers
 Radne Motor AB ; Rapp-Motorenwerke GmbH — Germany ; Rasmussen ; Rausenberger ; Raven Redrives ; RBVZ ; Reaction Motors — US ; Rearwin ; Rectimo ; Redrup ; RED Aircraft GmbH – Germany ; Régnier Engines – France ; Reid Gas Engine Co — US ; Renault — France ; R.E.P. ; RFB ; Rheinmetall-Borsig ; Ricardo ; Ricardo-Halford — UK ; Righter — US ; Roberts Motor Co ; Rockwell International — US ; Rocky Mountain ; Rolls-Royce Limited — UK ; Rolls-Royce North America — US ; Rolls-Royce plc — UK ; Rolls-Royce/SNECMA ; Rolls-Royce/Turbomeca ; Rotax — Austria ; Rotec Aerosport — Australia ; Rotex Electric ; RotorWay International — US ; Rotron Power Ltd ; Rover Company ; Royal Aircraft Factory — UK ; RRJAEL ; Rumpler ; Ryan Aeronautical Corp

This is a document about March of Dimes Trot
  1 Country of the owner

The owner of Royal Enfield is Eicher Motors, which is an Indian multinational automobile manufacturing company.


Question: when was the united states postal service started

Answer: 1792

This is a document about Postage stamps and postal history of the United States
  Postal services began in the first half of the 17th century serving the first American colonies; today, the United States Postal Service is a large government organization providing a wide range of services across the United States and its territories abroad. In the American colonies, informal independently-run postal routes began in Boston as early as 1639, with Boston to New York City service starting in 1672. Officially sanctioned mail service began in 1692 when King William III granted to an English nobleman a delivery "patent" that included the exclusive right to establish and collect a formal postal tax on official documents of all kinds. (Years later, taxation implemented through the mandatory purchase of stamps was an issue that helped to spark the American Revolution.) The tax was repealed a year later, and very few were ever actually

This is a document about United States Post Office Department
  The United States Post Office Department (USPOD; also known as the Post Office or U.S. Mail) was the predecessor of the United States Postal Service, in the form of a Cabinet department, officially from 1872 to 1971. It was headed by the postmaster general. The Postal Service Act, signed by U.S. president George Washington on February 20, 1792, established the department. Postmaster General John McLean, in office from 1823 to 1829, was the first to call it the Post Office Department rather than just the "Post Office." The organization received a boost in prestige when President Andrew Jackson invited his postmaster general, William

This is a document about Postage stamps and postal history of the United States
 1639: First American Post Office set up in Boston ; 1672: New York City mail service to Boston ; 1674: Mail service in Connecticut ; 1683: William Penn begins weekly service to Pennsylvania and Maryland villages and towns ; 1693: Service between colonies begins in Virginia ; 1775: First postmaster general appointed: Benjamin Franklin ; 1799: U.S. Congress passes law authorizing death penalty for mail robbery ; 1813: First mail carried by steamboat ; 1832: First official railroad mail service ; 1847: First U.S. postage stamps issued ; 1857: Perforated stamps introduced ; 1860: Pony Express started ; 1861: Mailing of post cards authorized ;

This is a document about United States Post Office Department
  a formal postal tax on official documents of all kinds. The tax was repealed a year later. Neale appointed Andrew Hamilton, Governor of New Jersey, as his deputy postmaster. The first postal service in America commenced in February 1692. Rates of postage were fixed and authorized, and measures were taken to establish a post office in each town in Virginia. Massachusetts and the other colonies soon passed postal laws, and a very imperfect post office system was established. Neale's patent expired in 1710, when Parliament extended the English postal system to the colonies. The chief office was established in New York City, where letters were conveyed by regular packets across the Atlantic.

This is a document about Postal Service Act
  The Postal Service Act was a piece of United States federal legislation that established the United States Post Office Department. It was signed into law by President George Washington on February 20, 1792.

This is a document about Benjamin Franklin
  1764 to 1774)—about three-quarters of his term. Eventually, his sympathies for the rebel cause in the American Revolution led to his dismissal on January 31, 1774. On July 26, 1775, the Second Continental Congress established the United States Post Office and named Franklin as the first United States postmaster general. Franklin had been a postmaster for decades and was a natural choice for the position. He had just returned from England and was appointed chairman of a Committee of Investigation to establish a postal system. The report of the committee, providing for the appointment of a postmaster general for the 13 American colonies, was considered by the Continental

This is a document about United States Postal Service
  The Post Office Department owned and operated the first public telegraph lines in the United States, starting in 1844 from Washington to Baltimore, and eventually extending to New York, Boston, Buffalo, and Philadelphia. In 1847, the telegraph system was privatized, except for a period during World War I, when it was used to accelerate the delivery of letters arriving at night. Between 1942 and 1945, "V-Mail" (for "Victory Mail") service was available for military mail. Letters were converted into microfilm and reprinted near the destination, to save room on transport vehicles for military cargo. In 1970, Western Union in co-operation with the Postal Service introduced the "Mailgram", a special type of telegram

This is a document about Thomas Neale
  could post a letter back home to England. Other attempts focused on a dedicated postal service between two of the larger colonies, such as Massachusetts and Virginia, but the available services remained limited in scope and disjointed for many years. Central postal organization first came to the colonies in 1691 when Thomas Neale received a 21-year grant from the British Crown for a North American Postal Service. On 17 February 1691, a grant of letters patent from the joint sovereigns, William III and Mary II, empowered Thomas Neale, "to erect, settle, and establish within the chief parts of their majesties' colonies and plantations in America, an office or offices for receiving and dispatching letters and pacquets, and to receive, send, and deliver the same

This is a document about United States Postal Service
   The United States Postal Service (USPS; also known as the Post Office, U.S. Mail, or Postal Service) is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for providing postal service in the United States, including its insular areas and associated states. It is one of the few government agencies explicitly authorized by the United States Constitution. The USPS, as of 2021, has 516,636 career employees and 136,531 non-career employees. The USPS traces its roots to 1775 during the Second Continental Congress, when Benjamin Franklin was appointed the first postmaster general; he also served a similar position for the colonies of the Kingdom of Great Britain. The Post Office Department was created in 1792 with the passage of the Postal Service Act. It was elevated to a cabinet-level department

This is a document about U.S. Parcel Post stamps of 1912–13
  Before 1912 the delivery of parcels was controlled and handled by private companies, most of whom operated in cities and urban areas, where most of the business existed. Consequently, delivery of parcels to rural areas was inadequate and frequently hindered farmers who needed various supplies, parts and equipment delivered to their remote locations. To meet this demand Congress approved a law on August 24, 1912, creating postal rates for fourth class mail and providing for parcel post service. The Congressional law authorized the U.S. Post Office to produce the various special purpose postage stamps to pay the parcel fees, which became effective on January 1, 1913, the first day the U.S.

This is a document about History of United States postage rates
  Initial United States postage rates were set by Congress as part of the Postal Service Act signed into law by President George Washington on February 20, 1792. The postal rate varied according to "distance zone", the distance a letter was to be carried from the post office where it entered the mail to its final destination. Rates were adopted in 1847 for mail to or from the Pacific Coast and in 1848 for mail sent from one place in the west to another place in the west. There were double and triple rates as a letter's size increased. There were ship fees which were also added (i.e. mail to Hawaii). The ship fee, including the ship rate on letters for delivery at the port of entry, were on a per letter basis, rather than weight. The United States issued its first postage stamps in 1847. Before that time, the rates, dates and origin of the letter were written by hand or sometimes in combination with a handstamp device.

This is a document about Railway post office
  that the first official contract to regularly carry mail on a train was made with the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in either 1834 or 1835. The United States Congress officially designated all railroads as official postal routes on July 7, 1838. Similar services were introduced on Canadian railroads in 1859. The Railway post office was introduced in the United States on July 28, 1862, using converted baggage cars on the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad (which also delivered the first letter to the Pony Express). Purpose-built Railway Post Office (RPO) cars entered service on this line a few weeks after the service was initiated. Their purpose was to separate mail for

This is a document about Postage stamps and postal history of the Confederate States
   The postage stamps and postal system of the Confederate States of America carried the mail of the Confederacy for a brief period in American history. Early in 1861 when South Carolina no longer considered itself part of the Union and demanded that the U.S. Army abandon Fort Sumter, plans for a Confederate postal system were already underway. Indeed, the Confederate Post office was established on February 21, 1861; and it was not until April 12 that the American Civil War officially began, when the Confederate Army fired upon US soldiers who had refused to abandon the fort. However, the United States Post Office Department continued to handle the mail of the seceded states

This is a document about History of the United States Merchant Marine
  and within a reasonable time was uncertain. Following the precedent established by England and other maritime nations, the federal government began its aid to ocean shipping with the overseas mail service. On March 3, 1845, Congress authorized the Postmaster General to invite bids on contracts to carry mail between the United States and abroad. Regular subsidized service between New York and Bremen, Havre, Liverpool and Panama was established under the Act of 1845. Subsidy payments averaged between $19,250 and $35,000 per round trip, and aggregated government expenditures to 1858 amounted to $14,400,000. This development led to the formation of the U.S. Mail Steamship Company and the Pacific Mail Steamship Company.

This is a document about Terminal Railway Post Office
  On January 1, 1913, the United States Post Office began handling parcel post, in addition to letters and more conventional mail. This service, which was in direct competition with the privately owned express companies, was quickly embraced by the general public, and over two million packages were mailed in the first week after parcel post service began. Terminal Railway Post Offices (Term RPO) were started in nearly 100 cities in late 1913 and 1914, primarily to help handle the increase in volume of parcel post which was overwhelming the main transportation system. These terminals also came to distribute transit parcel post, circulars, magazines, and papers - mail that was generally considered less urgent than first class letters. Letter cases were used at many terminals to take care of advance work or unworked letters from Railway Post Office (RPO)

This is a document about United States Postal Savings System
  The United States Postal Savings System was a postal savings system signed into law by President William Howard Taft and operated by the United States Post Office Department, predecessor of the United States Postal Service, from January 1, 1911, until July 1, 1967.

This is a document about Airmail
  letter from George Washington to be delivered to the owner of whatever property Blanchard happened to land on, making the flight the first delivery of air mail in the United States. The first official air mail delivery in the United States took place on August 17, 1859, when John Wise piloted a balloon starting in Lafayette, Indiana, with a destination of New York. Weather issues forced him to land near Crawfordsville, Indiana, and the mail reached its final destination via train. In 1959, the U.S. Postal Service issued a 7 cent stamp commemorating the event. Balloons also carried mail out of Paris and Metz during the Franco-Prussian War (1870), drifting over the heads of the Germans besieging those cities. Balloon mail was also carried on an 1877 flight in Nashville, Tennessee.

This is a document about United States airmail service
  also improving military pilots. By flying the mail, novice pilots would develop their long-distance flying skills including aerial navigation. The first scheduled U.S. Air Mail service began on May 15, 1918, using six converted United States Army Air Service Curtiss JN-4HM "Jenny" biplanes flown by Army pilots under the command of Major Reuben H. Fleet and operating on a route between Washington, D.C. (Washington Polo Grounds) and New York City (Belmont Park) with an intermediate stop in Philadelphia (Bustleton Field). Among those who were on hand for the departure of the first flight from Washington, D.C., were President Woodrow Wilson, U.S. Postmaster General

This is a document about United States Post Office Department
  stamps on March 3, 1847, and the postmaster general immediately let a contract to the New York City engraving firm of Rawdon, Wright, Hatch, and Edson. The first stamp issue of the U.S. was offered for sale on July 1, 1847, in New York City, with Boston receiving stamps the following day and other cities thereafter. The 5-cent stamp paid for a letter weighing less than 1 oz and traveling less than 300 miles, the 10-cent stamp for deliveries to locations greater than 300 miles, or twice the weight deliverable for the 5-cent stamp. In 1847, the U.S. Mail Steamship Company acquired the

This is a document about Postage stamps and postal history of the United States
  sold to the U.S. government, which renamed it the "United States City Despatch Post." The government began operation of this local post on August 16, 1842, under an Act of Congress of some years earlier that authorized local delivery. Greig, retained by the Post Office to run the service, kept the firm's original Washington stamp in use, but soon had its lettering altered to reflect the name change. In its revised form, this issue accordingly became the first postage stamp produced under the auspices of a government in the western hemisphere. An Act of Congress of March 3, 1845 (effective July 1, 1845), established uniform (and mostly reduced) postal

The United States Postal Service can be traced back to the first official postal service in the United States, which was established in 1692 by the colonial governor of New York. However, the United States Postal Service as an organization was officially established on February 20, 1792, with the signing of the Postal Service Act by President George Washington.


Question: who is the minister of state for environment forest and climate change ( independent charge )

Answer: Dr. Harsh Vardhan

This is a document about List of government ministers of the United Kingdom
 Minister of State for Environment and Countryside

This is a document about Shadow Cabinet of Keir Starmer
  State for Climate Change and Net Zero, with the Business and Industrial Strategy part of his former portfolio going to Jonathan Reynolds. David Lammy took on Foreign Affairs and was replaced as Shadow Lord Chancellor by Steve Reed. Nick Thomas-Symonds became Shadow Secretary of State for International Trade, replacing Emily Thornberry who became Shadow Attorney General for England and Wales. Bridget Phillipson became Shadow Secretary of State for Education, Wes Streeting became Shadow Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, Jonathan Ashworth became Shadow Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, Lucy Powell became Shadow Secretary of State for Digital, Culture,

This is a document about Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions
 Michael Meacher (1997–2001) ; Richard Caborn (1997–1999) ; Nick Raynsford (1999–2001) Ministers of State with responsibility for the Environment included:

This is a document about Ed Miliband
  Edward Samuel Miliband (born 24 December 1969) is a British politician serving as Shadow Secretary of State for Climate Change and Net Zero since 2021. He has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Doncaster North since 2005. Miliband was Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition between 2010 and 2015, resigning after Labour's defeat at the 2015 general election. Alongside his brother, Foreign Secretary David Miliband, he served in the Cabinet from 2007 to 2010 under Prime Minister Gordon Brown. Miliband was born in the Fitzrovia district of Central London to Polish Jewish immigrants Marion Kozak

This is a document about Minister of State at the Department of the Environment, Climate and Communications
 Hildegarde Naughton, TD, with special responsibility for Postal Policy and Eircodes. Naughton is also Minister of State at the Department of Transport. ; Ossian Smyth, TD, with special responsibility for Communications and Circular Economy. The Minister of State at the Department of the Environment, Climate and Communications is a junior ministerial post in the Department of the Environment, Climate and Communications of the Government of Ireland who may perform functions delegated by the Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications. A Minister of State does not hold cabinet rank. There are currently two Ministers of State:

This is a document about List of Australian Government entities
 Minister of the Environment

This is a document about Green Zone Community Climate Action
  The UK Government created a Department of Energy and Climate Change in 2008 which addressed the country's policies on this global issue. Following the appointment of Prime Minister Theresa May, the department was abolished. An Environmental Audit Select Committee chaired by Mary Creagh Labour MP for Wakefield reviews governments' policies and programmes within government departments and public bodies on their effort to address climate change.

This is a document about Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications
  The Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications (An tAire Comhshaoil, Aeráide agus Cumarsáide) is the senior minister at the Department of the Environment, Climate and Communications in the Government of Ireland. The current Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications is Eamon Ryan, TD. He is also Minister for Transport. He is assisted by Hildegarde Naughton, TD, Minister of State for Postal Policy and Eircodes.

This is a document about Cabinet Secretary for Environment, Climate Change and Land Reform
  For environment ministers in other countries, see Minister of the Environment. The Cabinet Secretary for Environment, Climate Change and Land Reform was a cabinet post in the Scottish Government. The Cabinet Secretary was supported by the Minister for Rural Affairs and the Natural Environment, who also reported to the Cabinet Secretary for the Rural Economy.

This is a document about Official Opposition frontbench
  Minister of State for the Cabinet Office on 22 June, serving as the opposite number to The Lord Frost. Tonia Antoniazzi announced her appointment as PPS to Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer Rachel Reeves on 23 June. August In the wake of a mass-shooting in his constituency, Shadow Environment Secretary Luke Pollard announced his intention to "step back" from his role for a month on 30 August. Shadow Environment Minister Daniel Zeichner covered Pollard's portfolio in his absence. September Marsha de Cordova resigned as Shadow Women and Equalities Secretary on 14 September to focus on her constituency, and was

This is a document about List of government ministers of the United Kingdom
 Minister for the Cabinet Office ; Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster ; President of the COP26 Climate Change Conference ; Minister without Portfolio ; Paymaster General (joint with HM Treasury) ; Minister of State at the Cabinet Office ; Minister of State for the Constitution and Devolution (Minister of State at the Cabinet Office) ; Minister of State for Efficiency and Transformation (Minister of State at the Cabinet Office) (joint with HM Treasury) ; Minister of State for EU Relations (Minister of State at the Cabinet Office) ; Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Defence People and Veterans (joint with Ministry of Defence)

This is a document about Cameron–Clegg coalition
  the Economic Secretary to the Treasury, who was in turn replaced by Chloe Smith, an assistant government whip: she was replaced in turn by Greg Hands. ; On 3 February 2012 Chris Huhne resigned as Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change following the decision of the Crown Prosecution Service to prosecute him and his former wife. His successor was Edward Davey, who was replaced as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State in the Department of Business, Innovation and Skills by Norman Lamb, replaced in his previous dual roles by Jenny Willott as an Assistant Whip and Jo Swinson as the Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Deputy Prime Minister.

This is a document about Minister of Environment and Climate Change
  The minister of environment and climate change (ministre de l'environnement et du changement climatique) is a minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet. The position is responsible for Environment and Climate Change Canada, as well as Parks Canada and the Impact Assessment Agency of Canada. Steven Guilbeault is the current minister of environment and climate change. He was appointed to the role on October 26, 2021. The position was known as simply the minister of the environment until 2015, when the position was given its current name upon the creation of Justin Trudeau's 29th Canadian Ministry.

This is a document about Ed Davey
  Sir Edward Jonathan Davey (born 25 December 1965) is a British politician who has served as Leader of the Liberal Democrats since 2020. He served in the Cameron–Clegg coalition as Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change from 2012 to 2015 and as Deputy Leader to Jo Swinson from 2019 to 2020. An "Orange Book" liberal, he has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Kingston and Surbiton since 2017, and from 1997 to 2015. Davey was born in Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, where he attended Nottingham High School. He then went on to study at Jesus College, Oxford, and Birkbeck, University of London. He was an economics researcher and financial analyst before being elected to the House of Commons. He

This is a document about List of current members of the British Privy Council
  Care (2018–present) style="background-color: #008800;" | ; Dame Sarah Asplin ; 15 November 2017 15 November 2017 Lady Justice of Appeal (2017–present) style="background-color: ;" | ; John Astor, 3rd Baron Astor of Hever ; 14 May 2015 ; Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at Ministry of Defence (2010-2015) Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at Ministry of Defence (2010-2015) style="background-color: ;" | ; Sir Robert Atkins ; 28 June 1995 ; Minister of State for the Environment and the Countryside (1994–1995) Minister of State for the Environment and the Countryside (1994–1995) style="background-color: #008800;" | ; Sir Robin Auld ; 8 February 1995 ; Lord

This is a document about Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
  The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) is an Indian government ministry. This ministry is headed by Secretary Rank senior most IAS officer .The ministry portfolio is currently held by Bhupender Yadav, Union Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. The ministry is responsible for planning, promoting, coordinating, and overseeing the implementation of environmental and forestry programmes in the country. The main activities undertaken by the ministry include conservation and survey of the flora of India and fauna of India, forests and other wilderness areas; prevention and control of pollution; afforestation, and land degradation mitigation. It is responsible for the administration of the 1947 national parks of India. The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change is the cadre controlling authority of the Indian Forest Service (IFS), one of the three All India Services.

This is a document about Mark Field
  On 13 June 2017, he was appointed a Minister of State at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. At the FCO his formal responsibilities included: Asia, Australasia/Pacific, Communications (public diplomacy and scholarship), British Council, Economic Diplomacy (including international energy strategy; climate change; OECD relationship; fintech/cyber and the illegal wildlife trade), FCO Services Overseas and the Prosperity Fund (as FCO representative on the Ministerial board). His work on climate change has included representing the UK government at December 2018's COP24 UN Climate Change Conference in Katowice, Poland as well as the San Francisco Climate Summit and PIF in Nauru earlier that year. He promoted UK expertise across Asia in green finance, renewables, carbon capture utilisation and storage, and electric vehicle technology.

This is a document about List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign political endorsements
  (2005–11) • Eirin Kristin Sund • Anette Trettebergstuen • Lene Vågslid • Truls Wickholm Liberal Party • Trine Skei Grande (Party Leader) • Ketil Kjenseth • Iselin Nybø • Sveinung Rotevatn Progress Party Pakistan Movement for Justice Pakistan People's Party Spain Spanish Socialist Workers' Party Sweden Centre Party The Liberals • Jan Björklund, Education Minister (2007–14) (Party Leader) • Birgitta Ohlsson, 5th European Affairs Minister (2010–14) Moderate Party Social Democratic Party Tanzania Alliance for Change and Transparency Party of the Revolution United Kingdom Conservative Party • Gregory Barker,* Climate Change Minister (2010–14) • Simon Burns, Transport Minister (2012–13) • Julian Fellowes • George Osborne, First Sec. of State (2015–16) Labour Party

This is a document about List of current members of the British Privy Council
 style="background-color: ;" | ; Edward Lister, Baron Udny-Lister ; 10 March 2021 10 March 2021 Prime Minister's Chief Strategic Advisor (2019–2020) style="background-color: ;" | ; Nicholas Lowther, 2nd Viscount Ullswater ; 1994 ; Minister for the Department of the Environment Minister for the Department of the Environment style="background-color: #008800;" | ; Sir Nicholas Underhill ; 15 May 2013 15 May 2013 Lord Justice of Appeal (2013–present) style="background-color: #003893;" | ; Simon Upton ; 14 December 1999 14 December 1999 New Zealand Minister of Health (1990–1993) colspan="4" | colspan="4" | 21 July 2021  13 June 2013 14 November 2001 Minister for the Environment (1990–1999) Minister of Research, Science and Technology (1990–1996) Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment (2017–present)

This is a document about Minister of the Environment and Climate Change (Finland)
  The Minister of the Environment and Climate Change (ympäristö- ja ilmastoministeri, miljö- och klimatminister, formerly Minister of the Environment) is one of the ministerial portfolios which comprise the Finnish Government. The minister heads the Ministry of the Environment and is responsible for the preparation of legal matters concerning communities, the built environment, housing, biodiversity, the sustainable use of natural resources, and environmental protection in Finland. The incumbent Minister of the Environment and Climate Change is Krista Mikkonen of the Green League. == List of Ministers of the Environment ==

The current Minister of State for Environment, Forest and Climate Change in the United Kingdom is not mentioned in the provided text. However, in the past, Michael Meacher held this position from 1997 to 2001. In Ireland, Minister of State Hildegarde Naughton has responsibilities related to the environment, but her title does not include "Forest and Climate Change."


Question: who sings i 'm not as good as i once was

Answer: Toby Keith

This is a document about As Good as I Once Was
  "As Good as I Once Was" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Toby Keith that reached the top of the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. This song and his 2003 single "Beer for My Horses" are both his longest-running number one hits, each having spent six weeks at number one. "As Good as I Once Was" was released in May 2005 as the second single from Keith's album Honkytonk University. Keith wrote the song with Scotty Emerick. The song was named BMI's Song of the Year for 2006. It has since become one of Keith's signature songs, as well as one of his most successful.

This is a document about Better Than I Used to Be (Sammy Kershaw song)
  "Better Than I Used to Be" is a song written by Ashley Gorley and Bryan Simpson. The song was originally recorded by American country music artist Sammy Kershaw in 2010 for the album of the same name, released August 31, 2010, on Big Hit Records. The version released by Sammy Kershaw was released as a single, but did not enter the charts.

This is a document about I'm Not the Man I Used to Be
  "I'm Not the Man I Used to Be" is a song by British pop-rock band Fine Young Cannibals. It was released as the fourth single from the band's 1988 album The Raw & the Cooked. The song reached the top 40 charts in the United Kingdom, Canada, Austria, and the Netherlands. It also appeared on the CD version of the compilation album Now 16.

This is a document about I'm a Better Man
  "I'm a Better Man" was written by Burt Bacharach and Hal David. It was a hit for Engelbert Humperdinck in 1969. It was a follow up to the previous release, "The Way It Used To Be".

This is a document about Better Than I Used to Be
  Better Than I Used to Be is the title of the ninth studio album by American country music artist Sammy Kershaw. The album was released on August 31, 2010 via Big Hit Records. It is produced by Buddy Cannon. Two singles were released from the album: "Better Than I Used to Be" and "The Snow White Rows of Arlington". The album, along with the two singles, failed to enter a Billboard chart. "Saltwater Cowboy" was originally recorded by Tracy Byrd on his 2006 album Different Things. A cover song of "The Cover of the Rolling Stone" featuring Jamey Johnson was also included on the album. A music video was made for "Better Than I Used to Be" and was directed by David Abbott. "Better Than I Used to Be" was later covered by Tim McGraw on his 2012 album Emotional Traffic.

This is a document about 2005 in country music
 Entertainer of the Year – Keith Urban ; Song of the Year – "Whiskey Lullaby", Bill Anderson and Jon Randall ; Single of the Year – "I May Hate Myself in the Morning", Lee Ann Womack ; Album of the Year – There's More Where That Came From, Lee Ann Womack ; Male Vocalist of the Year – Keith Urban ; Female Vocalist of the Year – Gretchen Wilson ; Vocal Duo of the Year – Brooks & Dunn ; Vocal Group of the Year – Rascal Flatts ; Horizon Award – Dierks Bentley ; Video of the Year – "As Good As I Once Was", Toby Keith (Director: Michael Salomon) ; Vocal Event of the Year – "Good News, Bad News", George Strait and Lee Ann Womack ; Musician of the Year – Jerry Douglas (presented November 15 in New York City)

This is a document about Christopher Gudgeon
 You're Not As Good As You Think You Are (1997)

This is a document about 1986 in music
  • "Master of Puppets" – Metallica • "A Matter of Trust" – Billy Joel • "Misfit" – Curiosity Killed the Cat • "Modern Woman" – Billy Joel • "Mountains" – Prince • "Move Away" – Culture Club • "My Hometown" (1984) – Bruce Springsteen • "Nasty" – Janet Jackson • "Never as Good as the First Time" – Sade • "The Next Time I Fall" – Peter Cetera and Amy Grant • "Nikita" – Elton John • "No One Is to Blame" (originally recorded in 1985) – Howard Jones • "No Promises" – Icehouse • "Nobody's Fool" – Cinderella • "Notorious" –

This is a document about As Good as I Once Was
  "As Good as I Once Was" debuted at number 37 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of May 21, 2005.

This is a document about I'm Not the Man I Used to Be
  Written by lead vocalist Roland Gift and bassist David Steele, "I'm Not the Man I Used to Be" contains prominent drum beats with keyboards and finger-picked guitar accompaniment. The song utilises, throughout the track, a sample from "Funky Drummer" by James Brown. Allmusic writer Jo-Ann Greene described the song as having "a futuristic jungle beat and an almost housey production".

This is a document about I'm No Hero
  would appear in the US top 20. Album track "Give a Little Bit More", which was co-written by Andy Hill, who was about to become famous as writer and producer for Bucks Fizz, was released in some countries as a single, as was "In the Night" - although this wasn't the same as the Barbara Dickson song which was released around the time (and was also produced by Tarney). "Give a Little Bit More" gave Richard a third hit from the album in the US, peaking at No. 41. This track was unreleased as a single in the UK, where it was covered by Johnny Logan in September 1980, but his version failed to chart. I'm No Hero was remastered and re-issued on compact disc in July 2001.

This is a document about Pip (musician)
  around for Pip; he picked Levine. Pip competed on "Team Adam" on season 2 of The Voice, retaining his status on the team by winning the "Battle Rounds" against Nathan Parrett, singing Amy Winehouse's "You Know I'm No Good". He performed The Killers' song "When You Were Young" on the live shows, moving on in the competition with teammates Tony Lucca, Katrina Parker, and Mathai. On April 23, 2012, he performed Keane's "Somewhere Only We Know" for the quarter-finals, but was instantly eliminated by Levine at the end of the show. Despite being eliminated he reappeared on the season 2 finale performing "I Want You Back" on stage with Jermaine Paul, Jamar Rogers, and James Massone.

This is a document about List of Hot Country Songs number ones of 2005
  spent the most weeks at number one in 2005, with eleven, comprising five weeks with "Making Memories of Us" and six with "Better Life", which tied for the most weeks at number one by a single song with "As Good as I Once Was" by Toby Keith. Two other acts reached the top of the chart with more than one song in 2005. Brooks & Dunn topped the chart with "It's Getting Better All the Time" in May and "Play Something Country" in September, although each only spent one week at number one. Rascal Flatts, in contrast, spent eight weeks in total at number one with their two chart-toppers, "Bless the Broken Road" and "Fast Cars and Freedom". Although it did not spend as long at

This is a document about The Raw & the Cooked (album)
  doesn't hit home. 'She Drives Me Crazy'—now there's something that every guy in the world has said at least once in his life with conviction." Spin said that, unusually for a love song, it is "neither specific nor evocative, and finds Gift chiming 'cuckoo, cuckoo' in counterpoint with himself." "Good Thing" describes a departing lover, whilst "I'm Not the Man I Used to Be" is a torch song that has been described as "torrid." "I'm Not Satisfied" depicts a man who criticizes the weekends for being too short, his girlfriend for being too possessive, and the city for being too depressing. Gift sings in a lower register on "As Hard as It Is" than on other songs.

This is a document about You're No Good
  "You're No Good" is a song written by Clint Ballard Jr., first performed by Dee Dee Warwick for Jubilee Records in 1963 with production by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller. It has since been covered by many artists, including charting versions by Betty Everett in 1963, The Swinging Blue Jeans in 1964, and Linda Ronstadt in 1975, whose version was a number 1 hit in the United States.

This is a document about Bad as Me (song)
  "Bad as Me" is a song by American rock musician Tom Waits, written collectively by Waits and his wife Kathleen Brennan. Written and recorded during the sessions for his studio album of the same name, the song was released as Waits' seventeenth single on August 23, 2011 and was the first new studio material by Waits in seven years, since Real Gone in 2004.

This is a document about Country Airplay
 "Amazed" – Lonestar (1999) ; "It's Five O'Clock Somewhere" – Alan Jackson and Jimmy Buffett (2003) "The Good Stuff" – Kenny Chesney (2002) ; "Have You Forgotten?" – Darryl Worley (2003) ; "There Goes My Life" – Kenny Chesney (2003–2004) ; "Live Like You Were Dying" – Tim McGraw (2004) ; "Beautiful Crazy" – Luke Combs (2019) "It's Your Love" – Tim McGraw with Faith Hill (1997) ; "Just to See You Smile" – Tim McGraw (1998) ; "How Forever Feels" – Kenny Chesney (1999) ; "Breathe" – Faith Hill (1999–2000) ; "Ain't Nothing 'bout You" – Brooks & Dunn (2001) ; "I'm Already There" – Lonestar (2001) ; "Somebody Like You" – Keith Urban (2002) ; "19 Somethin'" – Mark Wills (2003) ; "Beer for My Horses" – Toby Keith duet with Willie Nelson (2003) ; "As Good as I Once Was" – Toby Keith (2005) ; "Better Life" – Keith Urban (2005) ; "Jesus, Take the Wheel" – Carrie Underwood (2006) ; "Our Song" – Taylor Swift (2007–2008) ; "Die a Happy Man" – Thomas Rhett (2016) ; "Forever After All" – Luke Combs (2021) 8 weeks 7 weeks 6 weeks Sources:

This is a document about 1970 in Michigan
 "War" by Edwin Starr (No. 5), recorded at Hitsville U.S.A. ; "Ain't No Mountain High Enough" by Diana Ross (No. 6), recorded at Hitsville U.S.A. ; "Get Ready" by Rare Earth (No. 8), recorded at Hitsville U.S.A. ; "Ball of Confusion (That's What the World Is Today)" by The Temptations (No. 24), recorded at Hitsville U.S.A. ; "Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours" by Stevie Wonder (No. 31) ; "(I Know) I'm Losing You" by Rare Earth (No. 55), recorded at Hitsville U.S.A. ; "Still Water (Love)" by the Four Tops (No. 58) ; "It's a Shame by The Spinners (No.

This is a document about I'm Good at Being Bad
  "I'm Good at Being Bad" is an R&B song containing a rap verse. The song's original title was "Bitch Like Me" (a phrase also in the lyrics), which was described to "crank up the raunch level". The lyrics refer graphically to "Ten-inch or bigger / A lick-it-from-the-back-type nigga [sic]." It was recorded at Flyme Tyme Studios in Edina, Minnesota, with producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis in 1998. While writing the song, member Tionne "T-Boz" Watkins was inspired by grunge band Nirvana's use of loud and soft dynamic shifts in their discography, which she wanted the group to incorporate. Jimmy Jam encouraged Watkins to hum the melody while playing the beat in the

This is a document about Rick Rubin production discography
  2006: U2 – U218 Singles ; 2006: Johnny Cash The Legend of Johnny Cash Vol. II ; 2007: Linkin Park – Minutes to Midnight ; 2007: Poison – Poison'd! ; 2007: Luna Halo – Luna Halo (exec.) ; 2007: Gossip – Live in Liverpool (exec.) ; 2007: Dan Wilson – Free Life (exec.) ; 2007: Kanye West, Nas, KRS-One, Rakim – "Classic (Better Than I've Ever Been)" ; 2007: Vanessa Carlton - "Heroes & Thieves" ; 2007: Coheed and Cambria - "Good Apollo, I'm Burning Star IV, Volume Two: No World for Tomorrow" ; 2008: Ours – Dancing for the Death of an

Toby Keith sings "I'm Not as Good as I Once Was."