Question: which had more power over taxation under the articles of confederation

Answer: The states

This is a document about Articles of Confederation
  Under the Articles of Confederation, the central government's power was kept quite limited. The Confederation Congress could make decisions but lacked enforcement powers. Implementation of most decisions, including modifications to the Articles, required unanimous approval of all thirteen state legislatures. Congress was denied any powers of taxation: it could only request money from the states. The states often failed to meet these requests in full, leaving both Congress and the Continental Army chronically short of money. As more money was printed by Congress, the continental dollars depreciated. In 1779, George Washington wrote to John Jay, who was serving as the

This is a document about Dual federalism
  the Articles and instead drafted a new Constitution of the United States. Rejecting both confederal and unitary systems, they based the new American government on a new theory of federalism, a system of shared sovereignty that delegates some powers to the federal government and reserves other powers for the states. Among other powers, the federal legislature could now tax citizens and maintain a standing military, and had exclusive power over regulating interstate commerce and coining currency. In addition, while Article Six of the Constitution stipulated that federal law in pursuit of constitutionally assigned ends overrode any contradictory state law, the power of

This is a document about President of the United States
  sent it to the states for ratification. Under the Articles, which took effect on March 1, 1781, the Congress of the Confederation was a central political authority without any legislative power. It could make its own resolutions, determinations, and regulations, but not any laws, and could not impose any taxes or enforce local commercial regulations upon its citizens. This institutional design reflected how Americans believed the deposed British system of Crown and Parliament ought to have functioned with respect to the royal dominion: a superintending body for matters that concerned the entire empire. The states were out from under any

This is a document about Taxation in the United States
   Before 1776, the American Colonies were subject to taxation by Great Britain and also imposed local taxes. Property taxes were imposed in the Colonies as early as 1634. In 1673, the English Parliament imposed a tax on exports from the American Colonies, and with it created the first tax administration in what would become the United States. Other tariffs and taxes were imposed by Parliament. Most of the colonies and many localities adopted property taxes. Under Article VIII of the Articles of Confederation, the United States government did not have the power to tax. All such power lay with the states. The United States

This is a document about Federalist No. 70
  Before ratifying the Constitution in 1787, the thirteen states were bound by the Articles of Confederation, which authorized the Congress of the Confederation to conduct foreign diplomacy and granted sovereignty to the states. By 1779, both Congress and the states had accumulated considerable debt from the Revolutionary War, but the Articles of Confederation denied Congress the powers of taxation and regulation of foreign and interstate commerce. Alexander Hamilton, along with many other Framers, believed the solution to this and problems of federal law enforcement could be solved with a strong general government. Alexander Hamilton greatly admired the British monarchy, and sought to create a similarly strong unitary

This is a document about Tariff in United States history
   After the United States achieved independence in 1783, under the Articles of Confederation, the U.S. federal government, could not collect taxes directly but had to "request" money from each state—an almost fatal flaw for a federal government. Lack of ability to tax directly was one of several major flaws in the Articles of Confederation. The ability to tax directly was addressed in the drafting of the United States Constitution in May to September 1787 Constitutional Convention (United States) in Philadelphia. It came into effect in 1789. It specified that the United States House of Representatives has to originate all tax and

This is a document about Constitutional Convention (United States)
  the United States, was to be governed according to the Articles of Confederation, which was more of a treaty between independent countries than a national constitution. The Articles were adopted by the Second Continental Congress in 1777 but not finally ratified by all states until 1781. During the Confederation Period, the United States was essentially a federation of independent republics, with the Articles guaranteeing state sovereignty and independence. The Confederation was governed by the Congress of the Confederation, a unicameral legislature whose members were chosen by the state legislatures and in which each state cast a single vote. Congress was given a limited set of powers,

This is a document about Constitution of the United States
  The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union was the first constitution of the United States. It was drafted by the Second Continental Congress from mid-1776 through late 1777, and ratification by all 13 states was completed by early 1781. The Articles of Confederation gave little power to the central government. The Confederation Congress could make decisions, but lacked enforcement powers. Implementation of most decisions, including modifications to the Articles, required unanimous approval of all 13 state legislatures. Although, in a way, the Congressional powers in Article 9 made the "league of states as cohesive and strong as any similar sort

This is a document about Articles of Confederation
  The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first frame of government. It was approved after much debate (between July 1776 and November 1777) by the Second Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, and sent to the states for ratification. The Articles of Confederation came into force on March 1, 1781, after ratification by all the states. A guiding principle of the Articles was to preserve the independence and sovereignty of the states. The weak central government established by the Articles received only those powers which the former colonies had recognized as belonging to king and parliament. The document provided clearly written rules for how the

This is a document about Import-Export Clause
  The United States were first organized under the Articles of Confederation, under which the states maintained significant autonomy while the national government was weak. Among the major weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation was the inability to regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states and the inability of the national government to impose taxes. The national government lacked power to enforce acts of Congress and requests for money from the states were frequently ignored. The Articles of Confederation did contain a similar clause on state duties: "No State shall lay any imposts or duties, which may interfere with any stipulations in treaties,

This is a document about Protectionism in the United States
  The framers of the United States Constitution gave the federal government authority to tax, stating that Congress has the power to "... lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States." and also "To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes." Tariffs between states is prohibited by the U.S. Constitution, and all domestically made products can be imported or shipped to another state tax-free. Responding to an urgent need for revenue and a trade imbalance with England that was fast destroying the

This is a document about Federalist No. 45
  Though Madison's arguments and suggestions were considered, "any dispute about which is more powerful -- the federal government or the states -- was settled in 1789 when the Constitution granted the federal government the right to collect taxes, regulate interstate commerce, raise an army and adjudicate legal disputes between states" States have consistently tried to nullify the federal government's power, however, the federal government has always been victorious in avoiding it and still remain the more powerful of the two. The 10th Amendment, "the powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people", has preserved the powers of the federal and state governments until present day since 1791.

This is a document about Confederate States of America
  Constitution gave greater powers to the states (or curtailed the powers of the central government more) than the U.S. Constitution of the time did, but in other areas, the states lost rights they had under the U.S. Constitution. Although the Confederate Constitution, like the U.S. Constitution, contained a commerce clause, the Confederate version prohibited the central government from using revenues collected in one state for funding internal improvements in another state. The Confederate Constitution's equivalent to the U.S. Constitution's general welfare clause prohibited protective tariffs (but allowed tariffs for providing domestic revenue), and spoke of "carry[ing] on the Government of the Confederate States" rather than providing

This is a document about Anti-Federalist Papers
  Following its victory against the British in the Revolutionary War, the United States was plagued by a variety of internal problems. The weak central government could not raise taxes to cover war debts and was largely unable to pass legislation. Many early American politicians and thinkers believed that these issues were the result of the Articles of Confederation, the first governing document of the United States. In 1787 a convention gathered in Philadelphia to attempt to amend it. Soon, however, the gathering shifted its focus to constructing a newer and more powerful Constitution for the fledgling country. Two main competing factions emerged, the Federalists and the

This is a document about National Institute of Standards and Technology
  The Articles of Confederation, ratified by the colonies in 1781, provided: "The United States in Congress assembled shall also have the sole and exclusive right and power of regulating the alloy and value of coin struck by their own authority, or by that of the respective states—fixing the standards of weights and measures throughout the United States." Article 1, section 8, of the Constitution of the United States, ratified in 1789, granted these powers to the new Congress: "The Congress shall have power ... To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures". In

This is a document about Constitutional law of the United States
  Clause 1 of Article I, § 8 grants Congress the power to levy and collect taxes provided that they are uniform across the nation. Notable cases and challenges to the power of Congress include McCray v. United States (1904), Flint v. Stone Tracy & Co. (1911), and Printz v. United States (1997).

This is a document about Tariff in United States history
 From 1790 onwards there were constant alterations in the tariff between 1792 and 1816 there were some twenty-five Tariff Acts passed, all modifying the customs duties in one way or another. But Hamilton's Report, and the ideas it embodied, do not seem to have exercised any special influence on the legislation of this period; the motives were always financial. The framers of the United States Constitution gave the federal government authority to tax, stating that Congress has the power to "...lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United

This is a document about Second Amendment to the United States Constitution
  Hessian mercenaries. Following the Revolution, the United States was governed by the Articles of Confederation. Federalists argued that this government had an unworkable division of power between Congress and the states, which caused military weakness, as the standing army was reduced to as few as 80 men. They considered it to be bad that there was no effective federal military crackdown on an armed tax rebellion in western Massachusetts known as Shays' Rebellion. Anti-federalists, on the other hand, took the side of limited government and sympathized with the rebels, many of whom were former Revolutionary War soldiers. Subsequently, the Constitutional Convention proposed

This is a document about Domestic market
  the Articles of the Confederation, Congress was given the right to declare war and conduct foreign affairs, but they were not given the ability to levy taxes or to regulate commerce. The new national government that emerged after the Revolutionary War had a host of new problems to consider. There was the issue of not having a currency, the lack of power to levy taxes, the unavailability of government revenues to pay back debts, and the barriers to domestic trade. The states were charging each other tariffs during trade. Because of these and other issues, they decided that they needed to revise the Articles of Confederation. Leaders such as Benjamin

This is a document about Taxing and Spending Clause
  One of the most often claimed defects of the Articles of Confederation was its lack of a grant to the central government of the power to lay and collect taxes. Under the Articles, Congress was forced to rely on requisitions upon the governments of its member states. Without the power to independently raise its own revenues, the Articles left Congress vulnerable to the discretion of the several State governments—each State made its own decision as to whether it would pay the requisition or not. Some states were not giving Congress the funds for which it asked by either paying only in part, or by altogether ignoring the request from Congress. Without the revenue to enforce its laws and treaties, or pay its debts, and without an enforcement mechanism to compel the States to pay, the Confederation was practically rendered impotent and was in danger of falling apart. The Congress recognized this limitation and proposed amendments to the Articles in an effort to supersede it. However, nothing ever came of those proposals until the Philadelphia Convention.

The Congress under the Articles of Confederation had the power to levy taxes, but it could not enforce them effectively as it lacked the power to compel states to pay. The states retained the power to tax their own citizens and commerce.


Question: who 's the mayor of south bend indiana

Answer: Peter Paul Montgomery Buttigieg

This is a document about List of mayors of South Bend, Indiana
  This is a list of mayors of South Bend, Indiana, beginning with South Bend's incorporation as a city on May 22, 1865. William G. George served as the city’s first mayor from 1865 to 1868. Joe Kernan was mayor of South Bend from 1988 to 1997 and went on to serve as Governor of Indiana. Every mayor since 1972 has been a Democrat and the incumbent is James Mueller, having taken office on January 1, 2020.

This is a document about Mayoral elections in South Bend, Indiana
  The 2019 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election was held on November 5, 2019. On December 17, 2018, incumbent two-term Democratic mayor Pete Buttigieg announced that he would not seek reelection to a third term. Speculation arose that Buttigieg was considering a run for President of the United States,   and Buttigieg would later announce his 2020 presidential campaign. The general election race to succeed Buttigieg as mayor was between Democratic nominee James Mueller and Republican nominee Sean M. Haas. Mueller won the election by nearly 4,000 votes.

This is a document about 2019 South Bend mayoral election
  The 2019 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election was held on November 5, 2019 to determine the next mayor of South Bend, Indiana. On December 17, 2018, incumbent two-term Democratic mayor Pete Buttigieg announced that he would not seek reelection to a third term. Speculation arose that Buttigieg was considering a run for President of the United States,   and Buttigieg would later announce his 2020 presidential campaign. The general election race to succeed Buttigieg as mayor was between Democratic nominee James Mueller and Republican nominee Sean M. Haas. Mueller won the election. The election coincided with races for the Common Council and for South Bend City Clerk.

This is a document about 2015 South Bend mayoral election
  The 2015 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election was held on November 3, 2015. The election was won by the incumbent mayor, Pete Buttigieg, who was reelected with more than 80 percent of the votes, defeating Republican Kelly Jones. The election coincided with races for the Common Council and for South Bend City Clerk. Before facing each other in the general election, Buttigieg and Jones each won their parties' nominations in primaries, with Buttigieg fending-off a challenge from Common Council member Henry Davis, Jr. and Jones winning an uncontested primary. Buttigieg handily won the general election, facing only a weak Republican competitor in a heavily Democratic city. After being reelected to a second term as mayor, Buttigieg would later seek national office by first running the 2017 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election, and by later running for the presidency of the United States in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries.

This is a document about Mayoral elections in South Bend, Indiana
  The 2015 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election was held on November 3, 2015. The election was won by incumbent Democrat Pete Buttigieg, who was reelected with more than 80 percent of the votes, defeating Republican Kelly Jones.

This is a document about Political positions of Pete Buttigieg
  Peter Paul Montgomery Buttigieg ( born January 19, 1982) is an American politician who served as mayor of South Bend, Indiana, from 2012 to 2020, and is currently serving as US Secretary of Transportation. He was a candidate for the Democratic nomination in the 2020 United States presidential election.

This is a document about Mayoral elections in South Bend, Indiana
  The 2011 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election was held on November 8, 2011. After serving for fourteen years, incumbent Democratic mayor Steve Luecke made the surprise announcement that he would not seek reelection. Luecke's decision not to run for reelection made the 2011 election the first open election for mayor of South Bend in 24 years. The election was won by Democratic nominee Pete Buttigieg, who, at 29 years of age, became the youngest mayor, at the time, of a United States city with a population greater than 100,000.

This is a document about 2011 South Bend mayoral election
  The 2011 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election was held on November 8, 2011. After serving for fourteen years, incumbent mayor Steve Luecke announced that he would not seek reelection. Luecke's decision not to run for reelection made the 2011 election the first open election for mayor of South Bend in 24 years. The election was won by Pete Buttigieg, who, at 29 years of age, became the youngest mayor, at the time, of a United States city with a population greater than 100,000. The election coincided with races for the Common Council and for South Bend City Clerk.

This is a document about James Mueller (mayor)
  James Mueller (born June 29, 1982) is an American politician and academic serving as the mayor of South Bend, Indiana since 2020. Prior to being elected mayor, Mueller held positions within the administration of his predecessor Pete Buttigieg. Mueller won the Democratic nomination in a crowded primary and went on to defeat a Republican opponent in the 2019 South Bend mayoral election. In both his primary and general election campaign, Mueller proposed continuing what he regarded to be positive progress made under Buttigieg, whose endorsement he carried. His tenure as mayor included the COVID-19 pandemic, and he collaborated with St. Joseph County to respond to the pandemic. His mayoralty has also seen him address homelessness in the city. His has also overseen efforts to reform the city's police department, including an update to the police department's use of force policy.

This is a document about South Bend, Indiana
  five previous South Bend mayors: Steve Luecke, Joe Kernan, Roger Parent, Peter Nemeth and Jerry Miller. In 2015, the city's population increased by 286, the largest one-year growth in over twenty years. The former Studebaker plant has been developed as the Ignition Park center to attract new businesses, especially in the tech industry. South Bend has also seen new development, particularly in the tech field, a decline in unemployment, and a renewal of the downtown area under Buttigieg's tenure, which has been described as a revival and South Bend as a 'turnaround city'. South Bend also was in the national spotlight during the 2019-20 Democratic presidential campaign of former mayor Pete Buttigieg.

This is a document about South Bend, Indiana
  South Bend government follows the mayor-council representative model of municipal government and, along with the St. Joseph county government, occupies the County-City Building in downtown South Bend. The government of South Bend is led by the office of the mayor, who is elected to a four-year term and acts as chief executive for the city government. The current mayor is James Mueller. The legislative branch of the South Bend government is the South Bend Common Council. The final elected member of the South Bend government is the city clerk, who is responsible for maintaining official city records and providing general clerical assistance to the City Council. The current clerk is Dawn M. Jones. Michael A. Dvorak is the prosecuting attorney for the 60th Judicial Circuit, which consists of St. Joseph County. He was first elected in 2002.

This is a document about South Bend–Mishawaka metropolitan area
 South Bend, Indiana (Principal city)

This is a document about Mayoral elections in South Bend, Indiana
  Incumbent mayor Steve Luecke defeated challenger William F. "Bill" Davis in the Democratic primary. Davis was widely-unknown. Davis' primary past political endeavor was an unsuccessful 1994 campaign for a seat on the South Bend School Board. Davis stated that his primary concerns were the corrosion of the city's neighborhoods and the decline of its tax base.

This is a document about 2019 South Bend mayoral election
  ; Richard O. Wright, Downtown South Bend Ambassador Withdrawn ; Shane Inez, teenage entrepreneur ; Salvador G. Rodriguez Declined to run ; Pete Buttigieg, incumbent Mayor of South Bend, Democratic candidate for President of the United States ; Ryan Dvorak, state representative and 2011 mayoral candidate ; Michael Hamann, St. Joseph County Auditor, former St. Joseph County Council member, and 2011 mayoral candidate ; David L. Niezgodski, state senator and former state representative ; Aaron Perri, South Bend Director of Venues, Parks and Arts and former executive director of Downtown South Bend ; Tim Scott, 1st District South Bend City Councilor and Common Council President

This is a document about Mayoral elections in South Bend, Indiana
  ; Richard O. Wright, Downtown South Bend Ambassador Withdrawn ; Shane Inez, teenage entrepreneur ; Salvador G. Rodriguez Declined to run ; Pete Buttigieg, incumbent Mayor of South Bend, Democratic candidate for President of the United States ; Ryan Dvorak, state representative and 2011 mayoral candidate ; Michael Hamann, St. Joseph County Auditor, former St. Joseph County Council member, and 2011 mayoral candidate ; David L. Niezgodski, state senator and former state representative ; Aaron Perri, South Bend Director of Venues, Parks and Arts and former executive director of Downtown South Bend ; Tim Scott, 1st District South Bend City Councilor and Common Council President

This is a document about List of people from South Bend, Indiana
  The people listed below were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with the city of South Bend, Indiana.

This is a document about South Bend, Indiana
  South Bend is represented in the Indiana House of Representatives by Maureen Bauer, Jake Teshka, and Ryan Dvorak, and in the Indiana State Senate by David L. Niezgodski. All members of the Indiana General Assembly representing South Bend are Democrats, except Jake Teshka, who is a Republican. South Bend is part of Indiana's 2nd Congressional District, represented by Republican Jackie Walorski.

This is a document about Mayoral elections in South Bend, Indiana
  The 1999 South Bend, Indiana mayoral election was held on November 2, 1999. Incumbent Democratic mayor Steve Luecke, who had become mayor after his predecessor Joe Kernan became Lieutenant Governor of Indiana, was reelected to a first full-term (and second overall term). Luecke faced Republican challenger Steven Bradley.

This is a document about South Bend, Indiana
  The Democratic Party is very successful in South Bend. Every South Bend mayor since 1972 has been a Democrat. As of 2021, all but one City Council member is a Democrat. On March 26, 2012, South Bend passed the Human Rights Ordinance, outlawing discrimination in employment, housing, or other areas against citizens based on "race, religion, color, sex, disability, national origin, ancestry, sexual orientation or gender identity, or familial status." It is one of only 6 cities in Indiana to offer legal protections for citizens based on sexual orientation and gender identity. The protections are enforced by the city's Human Rights Commission, which oversees investigation and legal recourse in cases of discrimination. On June 16, 2015, then-Mayor Pete Buttigieg announced in a South Bend Tribune editorial that he is gay, becoming the first openly gay executive in the state of Indiana.

This is a document about Maltese Americans
 Rosemarie Aquilina, judge ; Kyle Balda, animator and film director ; Joseph Borg, financial regulator ; Joseph Anthony Buttigieg II, literary scholar and translator ; Pete Buttigieg, Former mayor of South Bend, Indiana, 2020 presidential candidate, US Secretary of Transportation ; Joseph Calleia, actor and singer ; Orlando E. Caruana ; Darrin Q. Camilleri, member of the Michigan House of Representatives ; Alex DeBrincat, hockey player ; Aaron Falzon, basketball player ; Tevin Falzon, basketball player ; Danielle Fishel ; Nazzareno Formosa ; Joseph Lapira ; Joe Sacco ; Britney Spears ; Bryan Spears ; Jamie Lynn Spears ; Lynne Spears ; Charlie Williams

James Mueller is the current mayor of South Bend, Indiana. He was elected in the 2019 mayoral election.


Question: when does it 's always sunny in philadelphia season 13 start

Answer: September 5 , 2018

This is a document about It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (season 13)
  The thirteenth season of the American comedy television series It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia premiered on FXX on September 5, 2018. The season consists of 10 episodes and concluded on November 7, 2018.

This is a document about It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (season 14)
  The fourteenth season of the American comedy television series It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia premiered on FXX on September 25, 2019. The season consists of 10 episodes and concluded on November 20, 2019.

This is a document about It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (season 12)
  The twelfth season of the American comedy television series It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia premiered on FXX on January 4, 2017. The season consists of 10 episodes and concluded on March 8, 2017.

This is a document about It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (season 15)
  The fifteenth season of the American comedy television series It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia premiered on FXX on December 1, 2021, with next day availability on FX on Hulu and FXNOW. The season consists of eight episodes and makes the series the longest-running live-action comedy series in American television history, surpassing The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet.

This is a document about Graveyard Carz
  Season 13 began on March 16, 2021.

This is a document about It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (season 4)
  The fourth season of the American comedy television series It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia premiered on FX on September 18, 2008. The season contains 13 episodes and concluded airing on November 20, 2008.

This is a document about It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (season 8)
  The eighth season of the American comedy television series It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia premiered on FX on October 11, 2012. The season consists of 10 episodes, and concluded airing on December 20, 2012.

This is a document about Supernatural (American TV series)
  The thirteenth season premiered on October 12, 2017, and concluded on May 17, 2018, consisting of 23 episodes. Dean and Sam are left reeling from the loss of so many allies and family members and their new responsibility to 'raise' Jack, with Sam willing to give the boy a chance while Dean is immediately concerned due to his heritage. In the other world, Lucifer keeps Mary alive as a hostage to trade for his son when he returns home, but finds himself confronted by the alternate Michael, who has killed his Lucifer and won the war. Although Dean becomes increasingly bitter at their recent losses, he gains a new sense of hope when Jack unintentionally brings Castiel back to life. Things become complicated when

This is a document about It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia
  It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (sometimes abbreviated to It's Always Sunny, Always Sunny, or simply Sunny) is an American sitcom that premiered on FX on August 4, 2005, and moved to FXX beginning with the ninth season in 2013. It was created by Rob McElhenney, who developed it with Glenn Howerton. It is executive produced and primarily written by McElhenney, Howerton, and Charlie Day, all of whom star alongside Kaitlin Olson and Danny DeVito. The series follows the exploits of "The Gang", a group of narcissistic friends who run the Irish bar Paddy's Pub in South Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The series' fourteenth season concluded in November 2019. The series was renewed for a fifteenth season in May 2020, making it the longest-running live-action comedy series in American television history, replacing The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet, which ran for 14 seasons between 1952 and 1966. In December 2020, the series was renewed for a total of four additional seasons, bringing it to season 18. The fifteenth season premiered on December 1, 2021.

This is a document about It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (season 3)
  The third season of the American comedy television series It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia premiered on FX on September 13, 2007. The season contains 15 episodes and concluded airing on November 15, 2007.

This is a document about Vocea României (season 9)
  The thirteenth episode aired on November 29, 2019.

This is a document about List of It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia episodes
  It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia is an American comedy television series created by Rob McElhenney, and developed by McElhenney and Glenn Howerton, who also serve as writers and executive producers with Charlie Day. The series premiered on August 4, 2005, on FX, and moved to its sister network FXX beginning with its ninth season. The series follows "The Gang", a group of five narcissistic underachievers: twins Dennis (Howerton) and Deandra "Sweet Dee" Reynolds (Kaitlin Olson), their friends Charlie Kelly (Day) and Ronald "Mac" McDonald (McElhenney), and their legal father Frank Reynolds (Danny DeVito), who run Paddy's Pub, a run-down bar in South Philadelphia. On December 10, 2020, the series was renewed through an eighteenth season, which will make it the longest-running live-action comedy series in American television history. The fifteenth season premiered on December 1, 2021.

This is a document about It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (season 2)
  The second season of the American comedy television series It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia premiered on FX on June 29, 2006. The season contains 10 episodes and concluded airing on August 17, 2006.

This is a document about It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (season 7)
  The seventh season of the American comedy television series It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia, premiered on FX on September 15, 2011. The season contains 13 episodes, and concluded airing on December 15, 2011.

This is a document about Motu Patlu
  SEASON 13

This is a document about RuPaul's Drag Race (season 13)
  The thirteenth season of RuPaul's Drag Race premiered on January 1 and concluded on April 23, 2021. The cast was announced via Twitter on December 9, 2020. The competition is broadcast on VH1 in the United States and showcases 13 new queens competing for the title of "America's Next Drag Superstar". VH1 renewed both RuPaul's Drag Race and its spin-off RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars for a thirteenth and sixth season respectively on August 20, 2020. Casting calls for season 13 were opened in December 2019. In addition to airing on VH1, the premiere episode was also simulcast across 5 other channels: Logo, MTV, MTV2, Pop, and The CW, becoming the most-watched episode in the franchise's history. After the season's first teaser trailer was accidentally leaked a day prior, the cast was officially revealed by season

This is a document about It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia
  16 to December 9, 2010, comprising 12 episodes, plus the Christmas special. The seventh season ran from September 15 to December 15, 2011, comprising 13 episodes. On August 6, 2011, FX announced it had picked up the show for an additional two seasons (the eighth and ninth) running through 2013. On March 28, 2013, FX renewed the show for a tenth season, and announced that it would move to FX's new sister network, FXX. In April 2017, Kaitlin Olson announced that It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia would go on an extended hiatus. In an interview with TV Guide, she said, "We

This is a document about It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (season 9)
  The ninth season of the American comedy television series It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia premiered on the new channel FXX on September 4, 2013. The season consists of 10 episodes, and concluded airing on November 6, 2013. The ninth season was released on DVD in region 1 on September 2, 2014.

This is a document about 2020: A Year In Review
  In May 2018, ahead of the series' thirteenth season, Charlie Day said the cast and crew intended to get the series to a fifteenth season, saying "I imagine we'll all want to hold the record for the longest-running comedy in America. Fifteen would be the record for the longest live-action comedy, so we'll probably try and break that record if we can." In January 2020, renewal talks were underway, with FX Networks and FX Productions Chairman John Landgraf and FX Entertainment President Eric Schrier expressing interest in keeping the show on the air. In May 2020, FX renewed It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia for a fifteenth season, with Rob McElhenney indicating writing had

This is a document about It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia (season 11)
  The eleventh season of the American comedy television series It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia premiered on FXX on January 6, 2016. The season consists of 10 episodes and concluded on March 9, 2016.

It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia season 13 started on September 5, 2018.


Question: who played lindsay on two and a half men

Answer: Courtney Thorne - Smith

This is a document about Marin Hinkle
  starred on the CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men with Charlie Sheen, Jon Cryer, Angus T. Jones and later Ashton Kutcher as Alan's (Cryer) neurotic ex-wife, Judith. Despite being a main cast member, she rarely made appearances after the show's eighth season. She was quietly phased out of the series, and her last appearances as a regular were in the ninth season of the series. She made only one appearance each in the last three seasons, though she was still credited as a regular. This may have been due to commitments to her new role as Samantha Bowers in the NBC drama series Deception with Tate Donovan, Victor

This is a document about Jennifer Taylor (actress)
  Jennifer Taylor (née Bini, and sometimes credited as Jennifer Bini Taylor; born April 19, 1972) is an American actress, best known for her role as Chelsea on CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men, and earlier, for three other roles on the show. She also appeared in the 1998 erotic thriller Wild Things.

This is a document about List of Arrested Development characters
  half sister, being the daughter of Lucille's mother who put her up for adoption. Having previously appeared in Ally McBeal, de Rossi said that she was looking for a new series like it. De Rossi was also attracted to Arrested Development for what she thought was a "fresh new perspective on comedy." She played Lindsay as someone who "doesn't have much of a clue but... has a pretty good heart." She explained her approach by saying that, "with Ally McBeal, we were very rehearsed and staged. But this is a lot looser." Hurwitz felt that de Rossi made the character somewhat similar to Lucille.

This is a document about Heather Locklear
  the theatrical film Uptown Girls. In 2004, Locklear made a guest appearance on the sitcom Two and a Half Men, which starred her former Spin City co-star Charlie Sheen. She then starred in the short-lived television drama series LAX set in the airport of the same name. She was also executive producer on the series, but it was cancelled after 11 episodes. In 2005, Locklear appeared in the theatrical film The Perfect Man with Hilary Duff. The same year, she had a brief recurring role on the series Boston Legal, which starred her former T. J. Hooker co-star William Shatner. She was also featured

This is a document about Amber Tamblyn
  student Martha M. Masters in the seventh season of the Fox medical drama series House. She returned for the series finale in 2012. In August 2013, Tamblyn was cast as Charlie Harper's long-lost (and previously unknown) lesbian daughter, Jenny, on the sitcom Two and a Half Men, opposite Ashton Kutcher and Jon Cryer. Her first appearance was on the season 11 opener, September 26, 2013. She has appeared on numerous episodes of Comedy Central's Inside Amy Schumer, including the "Milk Milk Lemonade" sketch which aired in 2015. She has also guest starred on IFC's Portlandia and Comedy Bang! Bang!, as well as numerous shows on Adult Swim, including The Heart, She Holler opposite Patton Oswalt and Metalocalypse.

This is a document about Destination Wedding
 Winona Ryder as Lindsay ; Keanu Reeves as Frank

This is a document about Alessia Amendola
  Half Men ; Sarah Russell in The Russell Girl ; Darlene Alderson in Mr. Robot ; Jess Day in New Girl ; Zoey Brooks in Zoey 101 ; Jenny Humphrey in Gossip Girl ; Lainey Lewis in The Goldbergs ; Courtney Callum in Cow Belles ; Jen Kaznyk in Super 8 ; Charlotte Drake in Pretty Little Liars ; Mercedes Jones in Glee ; Rebecca Harper in Brothers & Sisters ; Emily Thorne in Revenge ; Nic Nevin in The Resident ; Andrea Jackson in The Big C ; Odessa Montero in Tower Heist ; Claireece "Precious" Jones in

This is a document about Conchata Ferrell
  known for portraying Berta the Housekeeper in the CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men, appearing in a total of 212 episodes from 2003 to 2015. She had received two nominations for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series in 2005 and 2007, but lost to Doris Roberts for Everybody Loves Raymond and Jaime Pressly for My Name Is Earl. In 2012, she voiced the role of Bob's Mom in Frankenweenie, which was directed by Tim Burton. She was slated to appear in the upcoming feature film Deported (2020), and had earlier acted in A Very Nutty Christmas (2018), a holiday-themed television movie.

This is a document about Lindsay Frost
  Lindsay Elisabeth Frost is an American actress.

This is a document about Courtney Thorne-Smith
  Courtney Thorne-Smith (born November 8, 1967) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Alison Parker on Melrose Place, Georgia Thomas on Ally McBeal, Cheryl in According to Jim and her recurring role on Two and a Half Men as Lyndsey McElroy.

This is a document about Missi Pyle
  female lead in BachelorMan. She also appears in Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story. She also had a brief appearance in 50 First Dates and starred in A Cinderella Story: Once Upon a Song. Pyle played Jake's Elementary School teacher Ms. Pasternak on Two and a Half Men. The role was recast in 2009 for undisclosed reasons, but Pyle returned to the series in the same role in 2011 and again in the series finale "Of Course He's Dead" in 2015. In 2008, Missi starred in the Broadway play Boeing-Boeing opposite Christine Baranski, Mark Rylance, Greg Germann, Paige Davis and Rebecca Gayheart. The

This is a document about Tinashe
  Tinashe Jorgensen Kachingwe (born February 6, 1993 ), known mononymously as Tinashe, is an American singer-songwriter, dancer, record producer, and actress. Born in Lexington, Kentucky, Tinashe moved to Los Angeles as a child to pursue a career in entertainment. Her notable roles included as a motion-capture model in the animated film The Polar Express (2004), Robin Wheeler in the Cartoon Network television series Out of Jimmy's Head (2007–2008), and a recurring role in the CBS series Two and a Half Men (2008–2009). Between 2007 and 2011, Tinashe was a member of the girl group the Stunners. Following their disbandment, she released the positively-reviewed self-recorded mixtapes

This is a document about Lindsay Lohan
  Lindsay Dee Lohan (born July 2, 1986 ) is an American actress, singer, songwriter, producer, and entrepreneur. Born and raised in New York, Lohan was signed to Ford Models at the age of three. Having appeared as a regular on the television soap opera Another World at age 10, her breakthrough came in the Walt Disney Pictures film The Parent Trap (1998). The film's success led to appearances in the television films Life-Size (2000) and Get a Clue (2002), and the big-screen productions Freaky Friday (2003) and Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen (2004). Lohan's early work won her childhood stardom, while the sleeper hit Mean Girls (2004) affirmed her

This is a document about Reeves County, Texas
 Lindsay

This is a document about List of Total Drama characters
  her off. In the third season, she is eliminated early after being seduced and tricked by Alejandro, but rekindles her relationship with Harold. Lindsay (voiced by Stephanie Anne Mills) is an attractive contestant on Total Drama Island, Total Drama Action, Total Drama World Tour, and Total Drama All-Stars. A stereotypical dumb blonde. In Total Drama Island, she becomes part of an alliance with Heather, who forces her to various demeaning tasks. She also begins dating Tyler, but has a hard time remembering his name and who he is after his elimination. She ultimately learns how cruel Heather is when the

This is a document about Melanie Lynskey
  by Charlie Sheen) on the CBS sitcom Two and a Half Men. After initially appearing in the pilot episode as a guest character, Lynskey was invited to become a series regular, and went on to appear frequently throughout the show's first two seasons. Despite leaving the main cast in 2005 to concentrate on film work, she continued to make guest appearances on the show up until its final episode, which aired in February 2015. In 2006, Lynskey appeared as the wife of Rene Gagnon (played by Jesse Bradford) in the Clint Eastwood-directed war feature Flags of Our Fathers. Writing for the Honolulu Star-Advertiser, Burl Burlingame called it "the richest testament

This is a document about Raising Helen
  Helen Harris (Kate Hudson) and Lindsay (Felicity Huffman) were raised by their eldest sister, Jenny (Joan Cusack), after their mother died when Helen was seven. Now Helen is the executive assistant to the CEO of one of Manhattan's most prestigious modeling agencies, and has a nice Manhattan lifestyle which keeps her extremely occupied and content. But her world suddenly changes when Lindsay and brother-in-law Paul (Sean O'Bryan) die in a car accident, leaving her their three children. Helen and Jenny are in shock when they discover Lindsay and Paul left Helen guardian to their three kids: Audrey, 15 (Hayden Panettiere), Henry, 10 (Spencer Breslin), and Sarah, 5 (Abigail Breslin). Surprised as Jenny was already a great mother with two children and

This is a document about I Know Who Killed Me
  Lindsay's shoulders." Likewise, producer Mancuso Jr.'s only concern in casting Lohan was whether the actress, best known for roles in family comedies and teen flicks, could continue making the transition and play more adult-oriented characters, admitting, "It was a risk, but it didn't scare me because I felt like she wouldn't do this unless she was willing to go for it." In July 2007, Lohan was arrested for driving under the influence, which prevented her from doing promotion for the film. She had to withdraw from a scheduled appearance on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno in which she had been due to promote its release.

This is a document about Kelli Williams
  episode "Sisters Of Mercy" as a meth addict who accuses a nun of sexually abusing her. Beginning with episode 11, "Moon Cross" (aired on February 5, 1995), of the science-fiction series Earth 2, Williams appeared in a multiple episode story arc in the role of Mary, a human orphan raised on another planet by the indigenous alien species known as the Terrians. In 1997, she took her most prominent role as Lindsay Dole Donnell on the ABC legal drama The Practice. She appeared in the series The Lyon's Den and Hack, as well as two episodes of Scrubs. Williams appeared as Dr. Natalie Durant on the NBC television show Medical Investigation which began in the

This is a document about Mean Girls
  Lindsay Lohan first read for Regina George, but the casting team felt she was closer to what they were looking for in the actress who played Cady, and since Lohan feared the "mean girl" role would harm her reputation, she agreed to play the lead. Rachel McAdams was cast as Regina because Fey felt McAdams being "kind and polite" made her perfect for such an evil-spirited character. Amanda Seyfried also read for Regina, and the producers instead suggested her for Karen due to Seyfried's "spacey and daffy sense of humor". Both Lacey Chabert and Daniel Franzese were the last actors tested for their roles. Lizzy Caplan was at first considered too pretty for the part of Janis, for which director Mark Waters felt a "Kelly Osbourne-like actress" was necessary, but Caplan was picked for being

Marin Hinkle played Lindsay on "Two and a Half Men" in the earlier seasons. However, she was phased out of the show after the eighth season and made only occasional appearances in the ninth and tenth seasons. Amber Tamblyn joined the cast as Lindsay's twin sister, Jenny, in the eleventh season.


Question: who is the girl in choo choo soul train

Answer: Genevieve Goings

This is a document about Choo Choo Soul
  Choo Choo Soul is a children's entertainment act composed of Genevieve Goings and her partner Constantine "DC" Abramson, a dancer and beat boxer dressed as a railroad conductor.

This is a document about Chattanooga Choo Choo (film)
  The Chattanooga Choo Choo Railroad has been the entire life of its current owner Alonzo Dillard (Parley Baer), who is celebrating his 75th birthday with his daughter Estelle (Bridget Hanley), his granddaughter Jennie Waters (Melissa Sue Anderson), Jennie's fiancé Paul Cartwright (Christopher McDonald), and much of the staff of the Chattanooga Choo Choo Railroad including chief porter Woodrow (Davis Roberts). Protagonist Bert Waters (George Kennedy), Estelle's husband and Jennie's father, is late because he's spending time with his "girlfriend" Maggie Jones (Barbara Eden), whom he plans to marry after divorcing Estelle. Once Bert does arrive, Alonzo refuses to talk to him, having no patience for lateness. Bert

This is a document about China Anne McClain
  China Anne McClain (born August 25, 1998) is an American actress and singer. McClain's career began when she was seven years old, portraying Alexis in the film The Gospel (2005), and then China James in Daddy's Little Girls (2007). She then received recognition for starring as Jazmine Payne in the television series Tyler Perry's House of Payne (2007–2012; 2020–present) and as Charlotte McKenzie in the film Grown Ups (2010); and became internationally known for starring as Chyna Parks in the Disney Channel television series A.N.T. Farm (2011–2014), and as Uma in the Disney Channel films Descendants 2 (2017) and Descendants 3 (2019). In 2018, McClain began starring

This is a document about Pat Monahan
  Sambora and Graham Nash. Monahan worked with Guy Chambers to co-write two songs for Tina Turner's hits album, Tina!: Her Greatest Hits. In 2009, Train returned to the studio with the album Save Me, San Francisco. That same year, Monahan and some of his fellow Train bandmates took on small acting roles in the CSI: NY episode "Second Chances". Monahan played the former homeless drug addict Sam Baker (dating Debbie Fallon (played by Kim Kardashian)) who becomes involved in a murder investigation. They performed the song "Hey, Soul Sister" from their new album, and "Calling All Angels". Despite the success of

This is a document about Whitney (2015 film)
  In 1989, Whitney Houston (Yaya DaCosta) is a worldwide phenomenon and household name with two highly successful self-titled albums under her belt. She attends the 3rd Annual Soul Train Awards with her high school friend and road manager Robyn (Yolonda Ross), who is a lesbian. During a category in which Houston's name is booed by the audience, she later performs at the ceremony. It is here that she meets fellow R&B singer Bobby Brown and they begin a courtship shortly after, due to her being impressed with Brown's performance of "Every Little Step". In August 1989, Whitney invites Bobby to her lavish

This is a document about This Is the Remix (Destiny's Child album)
  Nu Soul Mix)", and "So Good (Maurice's Soul Remix)", with the latter having re-recorded vocals. The album also contains a dance/rhythmic remix of "Dot (E-Poppi Mix)" (the original was featured on the "Charlie's Angels Soundtrack"). There is also a remix medley of "Jumpin' Jumpin'" that blends the "So So Def Remix" of the song featuring original members LeToya Luckett and LaTavia Roberson with the "Maurice's Jumpin Retro Mix", which contains vocals by Michelle Williams and Farrah Franklin. The “Refugee Camp Remix” of “Bug a Boo” is an edited version of the remix originally included on its single release, removing all references to former members Luckett and Roberson.

This is a document about The Runaways (2010 film)
  Cherie Currie is a teenager in Los Angeles, California who desperately wants to be a rock star. She idolizes David Bowie and cuts her hair and dons make-up so she will resemble Bowie's character Aladdin Sane. At her high school talent show, she lip syncs to "Lady Grinning Soul" and wins, despite some hecklers in the audience. Joan Jett is a teenager who also dreams of rock stardom. At a club one night, she meets record producer Kim Fowley and talks about starting an all-girl rock band. Kim is interested. He introduces Joan to Sandy West, a drummer. Joan and Sandy become friends and start jamming when Kim suggests

This is a document about Tinashe
  Tinashe Jorgensen Kachingwe (born February 6, 1993 ), known mononymously as Tinashe, is an American singer-songwriter, dancer, record producer, and actress. Born in Lexington, Kentucky, Tinashe moved to Los Angeles as a child to pursue a career in entertainment. Her notable roles included as a motion-capture model in the animated film The Polar Express (2004), Robin Wheeler in the Cartoon Network television series Out of Jimmy's Head (2007–2008), and a recurring role in the CBS series Two and a Half Men (2008–2009). Between 2007 and 2011, Tinashe was a member of the girl group the Stunners. Following their disbandment, she released the positively-reviewed self-recorded mixtapes

This is a document about List of train songs
  Marc Cohn (Marc Cohn), Elvis Costello (Elvis Costello), Counting Crows (Adam Duritz), Gorillaz (Ian Burden, Gorillaz, Phillip Oakey), Richard Greene (Larry Cansler, Richard Greene), Rickie Lee Jones (Rickie Lee Jones), Mary McCaslin (Mary McCaslin), Carrie Newcomer (Carrie Newcomer), Steve Roach, (Roger King, Steve Roach), Marty Robbins (Bob Nolan, Joe Babcock), Gary Stewart (Gary Stewart, Gregg Allman), The Stranglers (The Stranglers), Justin Sullivan (Justin Sullivan), Summer Camp (Summer Camp), Marion Williams (Thomas Newman), Eric Whitacre (Eric Whitacre) ; "Girl on a Train" (Scott Harris, Michael Keenan, Myles Mills, Emily Warren) by Skizzy Mars ; "Glendale Train" (John Dawson) by New

This is a document about List of train songs
  Journey)" (Herbert Distel), electro-acoustic composition incorporating tape modulations, wind machines and synthesizers ; "Different Trains" (Steve Reich) by Steve Reich ; "Dixie Flyer", separate songs, artists followed by composers: Gene Clark (Thomas Jefferson Kaye), Lester Flatt (Marty Stuart), Randy Newman (Randy Newman), Muggsy Spanier (Walter Melrose) ; "Dixie Flyer Blues" (Bessie Smith) by Bessie Smith ; "Do the Choo-Choo" (Gamble and Huff) by Archie Bell & the Drells ; "Doggone That Train" (Jimmie Davis) by Jimmie Davis (1930), Hank Snow ; "Don't Miss That Train" (Sister Wynona Carr) by Sister Wynona Carr, Edwin Hawkins, Joe Liggins, Louisiana Red ; "Don't Sleep on the Subway" by Petula Clark ; "Dorion Crossing"(Eldon Rathburn) by

This is a document about John Wicks (drummer)
  Skerik's Syncopated Taint Septet Live at The Triple Door (Royal Potato Family) 2010 ; Soundtrack to Holy Rollers First Independent Pictures 2010 ; Soundtrack to Adventures of Power 2010 ; Heather Porcaro The Heartstring Symphony produced by Tony Berg 2009 ; Henry Gummer "Stop the Train" on the soundtrack to Julie & Julia (Columbia Pictures) 2009 ; N.A.S.A. (ANTI-/Epitaph/Spectrophonic Sound) 2008 with RZA, David Byrne, Chali 2na and George Clinton ; Donavon Frankenreiter Pass It Around (Wrasse Records) 2008 ; Alana Sweetwater 2008 ; Jean Mazzei produced by Ronan Chris Murphy ; Whitton produced by Ronan Chris Murphy ; Ashton Zyer produced by David Rosa 2007 ; Soundtrack to Beautiful Losers

This is a document about List of Love & Hip Hop: New York cast members
 Bianca Bonnie (Seasons 7–8, supporting cast member in season 6), born Bianca Dupree, is a rapper. She was born in Harlem. She rose to fame at the age of 15 under the name Young B with the hit single, "Chicken Noodle Soup", which won her a Soul Train Music Award. Season six chronicles her return to the music industry after some personal struggles. She signs to Yandy's management and ends up winning Self's Gwinin Fest, beating out rapper rivals Moe and Lexxy and new ally Mariahlynn. She is promoted to main cast in season seven, where she pursues a romance with DJ Drewski, sparking a feud with his girlfriend

This is a document about Choo Choo Soul
  Beginning in May 2006, a series of Choo Choo Soul interstitial programs began airing in the United States during the Playhouse Disney programming block on the Disney Channel. The music video–style shorts feature Goings and D.C. performing Choo Choo Soul songs with a group of young children in a blend of live action and computer animation. Choo Choo Soul has including more premieres and has more dubs of the show than Hebrew, Spanish and Italian, including Hebrew dubs on Israeli Educational Television (now Kan Educational), the Spanish dub of the show between the airings on Univision blocks of Disney Junior shows and the Italian dubbed version of the show airing on Playhouse Disney (after reruns of Choo Choo Soul episodes airing on Disney Junior). In July 2011, Choo Choo Soul filmed 8 new video shorts, remaking Disney songs in their style for the new network "Disney Junior." Genevieve also sings the network's theme song "I Wanna Go" along with 16 other short songs for the network. Genevieve Goings continues to write and record songs for the Disney Junior Network, including Holiday songs and Nursery Rhymes.

This is a document about Nona Gaye
  Nona Aisha Gaye (born September 4, 1974)   is an American singer, former fashion model, and actress. The daughter of singer Marvin Gaye and granddaughter of jazz musician Slim Gaillard, Gaye began her career as a vocalist in the early 1990s. As an actress, Gaye is best known for her portrayal of Zee in the 2003 science-fiction films The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions. Her only animated film role is that of the unnamed Hero Girl in 2004's The Polar Express.

This is a document about List of Empire characters
  charismatic music icon and bondafide hitmaker, who gave Lucious Lyon his first radio airplay. Maya (Rhyon Nicole Brown, 2018) ; The daughter of Poundcake, Cookie Lyon’s fellow inmate. Maya was born in prison, stolen from her mother's arms, and adopted by upper middle-class parents. A classically trained dancer, she's beautiful, graceful, and headstrong. Mercedes (Porscha Coleman, 2018) ; Porsha's sexy and ambitious cousin. She has a street-hustle mentality and looks to exploit any avenue she can to jumpstart her budding singing/rap career. Renee Holloway (Alfre Woodard, 2018) ; Cookie Lyon’s estranged mother, who returns for a turbulent reunion. She is a photographer and

This is a document about Chattanooga High School Center for Creative Arts
  railroad, and Iceland. During the summer of 2009, the "Kids" traveled through the sister cities program to perform in Hamm, Germany. The "Kids" have been featured in numerous local and national publications including Southern Living Magazine. The Choo Choo "Kids" were founded by longtime and now retired educator Mr. Allan Ledford (featured in the public education foundation's excellence in the classroom spotlight). The trains have since then been directed by Broadway pianist, composer, and director Steven Malone, vocal coach, actor and teacher Jermiah Downes, and actor and educator Jeff Parker. The trains are currently under the direction of CCA's current musical theatre teacher William Murphy.

This is a document about The Cheetah Girls (film)
  Four teen girls in Manhattan—Galleria (Raven-Symoné), Chanel (Adrienne Bailon), Aqua (Kiely Williams), and Dorinda (Sabrina Bryan)—perform at a children's birthday party as The Cheetah Girls. After the performance, Chanel rushes home to tell her mother about the show, but her mother is preoccupied preparing for a date with her new Parisian boyfriend to pay attention. Galleria comes home to her parents, who chastise her for not taking phone messages for her mother or walking their Bichon Frise dog, Toto. Meanwhile, Dorinda attends to her job, doing janitorial work at a community center. The girls hope to become the first freshmen to win the talent show in their school's history. After

This is a document about I'm Dying Up Here
  comedians advice. Goldie attempts to join into a partnership with him as she expands her business pursuits. ; Nicole Ari Parker as Gloria Whitfield (season two): a producer for Soul Train who enters into a relationship with one of the comics ; Stefania LaVie Owen as Amanda Robbins (season 2): Goldie's estranged daughter who reenters her life after running away at 17. ; Xosha Roquemore as Dawn Lima (season two): a female comic who is new to Los Angeles and struggling with her sexual identity as she enters into a sexual relationship with Nick ; Dana Gould as Bruce (season two): Adam's agent ; Beau Mirchoff as Saul Hudson (season two): a TV producer for whom Ralph works

This is a document about The Color Purple (film)
  Glover, Adolph Caesar, and Carl Anderson; were predominantly stage performers. Akosua Busia was a graduate of the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama, and the daughter of Ghanaian prime minister Kofi Abrefa Busia. Goldberg's real-life daughter Alex Martin has a minor role as one of the children in the Easter sequence. Margaret Avery was a veteran actress who'd previously won an NAACP Image Award for the made-for-television film Louis Armstrong – Chicago Style. Spielberg had pursued singers Chaka Khan and Tina Turner for the part of Shug, but both turned it down. Patti LaBelle and Sheryl Lee Ralph also auditioned, and Phyllis Hyman was considered. Though Avery had prior musical experience, her singing voice was dubbed by Táta Vega.

This is a document about Kristina Train
  voice of the Lexus Amazing In Motion 2013 global campaign, singing the song I'm Wandering previously released by Jackie Wilson (1958) and Aretha Franklin (1962). Train sings Waltz With Me Under The Sun, the theme song of the 2013 film Queen of Carthage starring Shiloh Fernandez and Keisha Castle-Hughes. Train is listed in as one of "10 New Artists You Need To Know Right Now" in the May 2014 issue of Rolling Stone Magazine. She performed five songs on the soundtrack of the 2015 film Jenny's Wedding: True Love Avenue, Chase Me Away, Lost In Love, Sunny Side of the Street, and Baile Baile.

The girl in Choo Choo Soul is Genevieve Abrams, played by Constantine "DC" Dingbe.


Question: in what episode do pam and jim kiss

Answer: Casino Night

This is a document about Casino Night
  Jim apologizes for misinterpreting their friendship and discreetly wipes a tear from his cheek as he walks away. Jan leaves Michael and Carol, noticeably upset from the night's events, and it is revealed she packed an overnight bag in her car, implying she had planned to spend the night with Michael. Pam returns to the office and talks to her mother over the phone about Jim's confession. Jim enters the room and approaches her as she hastily hangs up. She begins to say something but Jim kisses her, and after hesitating, she returns the kiss, ending with the two staring at each other in silence.

This is a document about Pam Beesly
  In Season 4, Pam retains the assertiveness she developed in the third season. Jim and Pam confess that they have started dating after the camera crew catches them kissing. The office ultimately learns of their relationship after Toby catches Pam kissing Jim on the cheek. In "Chair Model", after teasing Pam about his impending proposal, Jim tells the documentary crew he is not kidding around about an engagement and shows them a ring he bought a week after he and Pam started dating. In the next few episodes, Jim fake-proposes to Pam multiple times. In "Goodbye, Toby", Pam discovers she's been accepted at Pratt Institute, an art and design school in Brooklyn, and in an interview, Jim

This is a document about Pam Beesly
  Toby, the Human Resources Representative for Dunder Mifflin in the Scranton branch, has a secret crush on Pam. In "A Benihana Christmas" she gives him her Dunder Mifflin bathrobe, a display of friendly affection, after he spent the day feeling bad that Dwight took his. In "Cocktails", while walking into Poor Richards, Pam indicates a liking to one of the toys in a claw machine, and Toby tries to win the toy for her for the rest of the night. In "Dunder Mifflin Infinity", Toby witnesses Pam kissing Jim Halpert in the break room, which prompts him to issue a memo about public displays of affection in the workplace. Later, when Jim and Pam admit they are dating and ask to fill out a disclosure form, he hesitates to give them a form, saying they should

This is a document about The Negotiation (The Office)
  asks Pam to join him for coffee. Their meeting at a local diner is awkward and ends with their relationship over; they hug, and Pam wipes a tear from her face. Roy encourages Pam to pursue her feelings for Jim but she says she will not try to get him due to him dating Karen. Roy says he does not understand Pam and leaves. Angela Martin (Angela Kinsey) repeatedly gets people from the office to tell her the tale of Dwight's heroics, constantly arousing her. Believing themselves to be alone at the end of the day, the two kiss passionately. However, Jim sees them and decides that keeping their relationship secret will be his gift to Dwight to make things "even". Andy Bernard (Ed Helms) returns from anger management, and

This is a document about The Office (American TV series)
  The third season consists of 17 half-hour episodes, four 40-minute "super-sized" episodes, and two one-hour episodes. The season starts with a brief flashback to (and additional footage from) the last episode of season two, "Casino Night", when Jim kissed Pam and confessed his feelings for her. Jim briefly transfers to Dunder Mifflin's Stamford branch after Pam confirms her commitment to Roy. Corporate is later forced to merge the Stamford branch with the Scranton branch. Michael takes this merger very seriously. Transferred to the Scranton branch are saleswoman Karen Filippelli, whom Jim has begun dating, and the anger-prone preppy salesman Andy Bernard, along with other Stamford employees who all eventually quit within the first few episodes of being there. Pam is

This is a document about Back from Vacation
  because he expressed objections to the prospect of Karen moving into an apartment two blocks from his own. Pam convinces Jim that he is being unreasonable, and Jim accepts her advice and apologizes to Karen. Pam tells the documentary crew that she was glad to help Jim, but is then shown later to be crying in private, secretly in love with him and heartbroken over the fact that he is with Karen instead. Dwight walks in on her crying. He awkwardly attempts to console her, although he misunderstands: "So, you're PMSing pretty bad, huh?" During the luau/inventory, Jan arrives at the office to speak with Michael in private. Michael is terrified that Jan is there to confront him over the widely spread photo, but she appears to be unaware of it, instead confessing her attraction to him against all reason and kissing him.

This is a document about Casino Night
  and the director and the cast". Carell, Kwapis, and the actors wanted the moment when Pam and Jim kiss to "follow the characters and the emotion of the moment" by having the action captured in full by the show's cameramen. The writing staff, on the other hand, wanted Pam and Jim's moment to be private and only heard via the mics; Daniels explained, "The writing staff was itching to do something kind of weird [with the scene] and have it be a private moment that the doc crew didn't know was going to happen and so only heard on their mics and came running around the corner to film." The episode features

This is a document about Pam Beesly
  The "will they or won't they" tension between Jim and Pam is a strong story line in the early episodes of The Office, encompassing much of Seasons 1 to 3. In the finale of Season 2, "Casino Night", Jim confesses his love for Pam but she denies him. They later on kiss in the episode but Pam rejects him yet again. In the opener of Season 4, the two characters are revealed to be dating. In Season 6, Jim and Pam get married in the beginning of the season, a feat considered noteworthy by many television critics, as bringing together the two lead love interests in a television series is often thought to be a risky venture. Their child is born in the second half of the season, during another hour long episode, "The Delivery". Pam and Jim's second child is born during season 8. In season 9, their marriage becomes strained when Jim takes up a second job in Philadelphia. They ultimately decide to leave Dunder Mifflin together so Jim can pursue his dream job.

This is a document about Casino Night
  (Rainn Wilson) wins a game of craps and kisses Angela Martin (Angela Kinsey) on the cheek, disregarding their attempts to keep their intimate relationship a secret. She slaps him and walks away, with the two quietly enjoying the experience. Jan and Carol share an awkward conversation when they realize Michael has invited them both. Jim tells Jan that he's made a decision about the transfer. After Roy leaves, Jim tells Pam that he is in love with her. After a stunned pause, she states she cannot be with him. He tells her he wants to be more than friends, but she claims he "misinterpreted things."

This is a document about The Office (American TV series)
  The second season is the series' first 22-episode season and has its first 28-minute "super-sized" episode. Many workers seen in the background of the first season are developed into secondary characters and romantic relationships begin to develop between some of them. Michael makes out with and then spends the night with his boss, Jan Levinson, but does not have sex with her. Dwight and Angela become romantically involved, but keep their relationship a secret. Kelly develops a crush on Ryan, and they start dating off and on. When Roy finally agrees to set a date for his wedding to Pam, at a company booze cruise, Jim grows depressed and considers transferring to the Stamford, Connecticut branch, but tells Pam in the season finale that he is in love with her. Even though Pam insists she is with Roy, the two kiss, and Jim transfers to the Stamford branch soon after. The general threat of downsizing continues throughout the season as well.

This is a document about Paper Airplane (The Office)
  increasingly snarky as the day goes on. Despite this, as Jim leaves the office to return to his business, he confesses to Pam that he thinks the three habits are helping and that they should keep them up. After he leaves, Pam runs after him to give him an umbrella. Jim takes the umbrella, and then embraces his wife, who finds that she lacks the emotional conviction to hug him back. It then flashbacks to their wedding with their co-workers present, she remembers that by marrying Jim she promised to love him in spite of any hardships, and she lovingly embraces him and kisses him.

This is a document about Pam Beesly
  to the opportunity and eventually convinces her that the idea is foolish. Pam ultimately calls off her wedding to Roy, but they remain friendly and he is determined to win her back by being less of a jerk. She reconciles with Roy at Phyllis's wedding as a response to watching Jim date Karen. In an attempt at a fresh start with Roy, Pam comes clean about Jim kissing her during "Casino Night". Roy flies into a violent rage and Pam ends the relationship on the spot. The next day, Roy attempts to attack Jim in the office and is summarily fired. Following the incident, Roy meets Pam for coffee and encourages her to pursue her feelings for Jim.

This is a document about List of The Office (American TV series) characters
  presentation, but he becomes quickly unsure whether her flirtatiousness demonstrates a genuine interest in him or merely a ploy to extract a lower price. After Donna departs the office, she leaves behind a barrette, which Michael returns to her in the parking lot. Michael apologizes for his behavior, only to find that Donna is indeed interested in him, and the two share a kiss. However, in "The Cover-Up", their relationship begins to weaken after Michael suspects that she is cheating on him. Pam later confirms this by showing him pictures that she printed off Donna's Facebook page, which show her and another man kissing. When Michael confronts Donna about this, she reveals that her relationship

This is a document about The Surplus
  to have her wedding to Andy on his farm, and she angrily storms off. Back in the office, Angela passionately kisses Andy in front of everybody and tells him that she is going into town to take care of a "legal issue." Throughout the day, Jim and Pam try to get each other to switch sides. Pam gives Jim a scare, telling him that he is on "dangerous ground". Pam is snarky towards Jim during the entire debate, which Jim seems more easygoing about. However, at the end of the episode, Jim gets back at Pam for winning the debate by reverting to his earlier practice of having Pam make copies for him.

This is a document about The Dundies
  lot, Roy and Pam argue, and Pam returns alone to the restaurant, where she begins drinking beer and margaritas. Heckled by other customers, Michael decides to end the show, but an intoxicated Pam leads the office in encouraging him to continue. Relieved upon winning the Dundie for "Whitest Sneakers" (as opposed to a demeaning and sexual award), Pam gives a drunken acceptance speech and kisses Jim on the lips. This leaves Jim surprised, but happy. As Jim recaps the Dundies for the camera, Pam stares at Jim with dazed fascination and then falls off her stool, and Dwight springs to her rescue, thinking Pam is having a seizure. He then tries to take off his dress shirt and tie, but

This is a document about Sex Ed (The Office)
  clip, Kelly asks Jim how she should deal with Ryan not completely loving her. The Season Seven DVD contains a number of deleted scenes from this episode. The cut scenes include Dwight looking up how herpes is spread, Dwight discussing how Holly brings out "a child-like wonder in Michael", Michael contacting the French-Canadian concierge he had a brief relationship with in the fifth season episode "Business Trip", and more cut scenes from Andy's sex ed discussion. In addition, an entire subplot was deleted from the episode. This story involved the camera crew catching Pam and Jim in the middle of a fight; the crew then tries to determine what caused them to fight in the first place.

This is a document about Pam Beesly
  Despite the abuse she takes from Michael in the early seasons, Pam becomes more honest and forward with Michael as the series progresses, often making sarcastic comments toward him. While engaged to Roy, Pam denies, or is in denial about, having any romantic feelings for Jim. When Jim confesses his love for her at the Dunder Mifflin "Casino Night" she turns him down. She later talks to her mom on the phone and says Jim is her best friend (though she doesn't say his name), and says "Yeah, I think I am" to an unheard question. She is interrupted by Jim, who enters and kisses her; she responds by kissing back.

This is a document about Holly Flax
  Michael's advances, stating she doesn't want to be involved with a co-worker again. However, they eventually admit that they miss each other and share a kiss. Michael and Holly start dating, and in the episode "PDA", they decide to move in together. As the season progresses, Holly's presence leads Michael to become a more mature adult. When Todd Packer returns to the sales bullpen, Holly initially trusts Michael's assessment of Packer, but confronts Michael after Packer shows his true colors. When Michael tries to smooth things over, Packer speaks disrespectfully about Holly; Michael decides not to disclose that Packer's "promotion" in Florida is a prank by Jim and Dwight, and as Michael and Holly

This is a document about Jim Halpert
  In “Fun Run” Pam and Jim tell the camera crew that they are dating, after being seen kissing after work in the last episode of season 3. In "Local Ad," Jim develops an avatar of himself for Dwight's game Second Life. Pam notes that his online alter ego plays guitar and is a Philadelphia sportswriter, implicitly revealing Jim's lesser-known aspirations, and a callback to "Email Surveillance" from season two, in which he has a guitar in his bedroom. In the episodes "Survivor Man" and "Night Out," Jim takes on his role as manager while Michael is out of the office. Both times, however, his

This is a document about The Dundies
  up angering or humiliating the majority of the office staff. Meanwhile, after Pam Beesly (Jenna Fischer) argues with her fiancé, she becomes obviously intoxicated and kisses Jim Halpert (John Krasinski). "The Dundies" was the second episode of the series directed by Greg Daniels. Many of the scenes at the Chili's had to be changed so the restaurant would allow filming, most notably the scenes where Pam falls over. "The Dundies" was viewed by an estimated 9.0 million viewers and received a 4.3/10% rating share among adults between the ages of 18 and 49, making it the highest episode of the series since the show's pilot. The episode received positive reviews from critics.

The Pam and Jim kiss occurs in the episode "Cocktails" in The Office (season 3).


Question: which mountains would you cross to travel from northern italy to switzerland

Answer: The Alps

This is a document about Geography of the Alps
  Bernard Pass (Switzerland / Italy, 2469 m) ; Matterhorn / Monte Cervino (Switzerland / Italy, 4478 m) ; Monte Rosa (Switzerland / Italy, 4634 m) ; Simplon Pass (Switzerland, 2005 m) ; Blinnenhorn (Switzerland / Italy, 3374 m) ; Saint Gotthard Pass (Switzerland, 2044 m) ; Rheinwaldhorn (Switzerland, 3402 m) ; Splügen Pass / Passo dello Spluga (Switzerland / Italy, 2113 m) ; Maloja Pass (Switzerland, 1809 m) ; Piz Bernina (Switzerland / Italy, 4049 m) ; Fuorn Pass (Switzerland, 2419 m) ; Piz Sesvenna (Switzerland / Italy, 3205 m) ; Reschen Pass (Austria / Italy, 1504 m) ; Weißkugel (Austria / Italy, 3738 m)

This is a document about Transport in Italy
  of ÖBB-DB Munich-Verona and Munich-Venice/Bologna, and DB CityNightLine Munich-Rome/Milan ; Italy-Austria: at 1,175 m above sea connecting San Candido/Innichen (Italy) and Lienz (Austria) ; Italy-Austria: connecting Venice and Udine (Italy) to Villach (Austria), currently EuroCity trains of ÖBB Venice-Vienna, EuroNight trains of ÖBB Vienna-Rome/Milan, and DB CityNightLine Munich-Venice ; Italy-Slovenia: Tarvisio–Ljubljana Railway  Italy has 11 rail border crossings over the Alpine mountains with her neighbouring countries: six are designated as mainline tracks and two are metre-gauge tracks. The six mainline border crossings are: two with France (one for Nice and Marseille; the other for Lyon and Dijon), two with Switzerland (one for Brig, Bern and Geneva; the other for Chiasso, Lugano, Lucerne and Zürich), and two with Austria (one

This is a document about Ticino
  Alps: Valais to the northwest, to which it is connected by the Nufenen Pass, Uri to the north, to which it is connected by the Gotthard Pass and the Grisons to the northeast, to which it is connected by the Lukmanier Pass and the Mesolcina Valley; the latter valley, a few kilometres north of Bellinzona, being the only (natural) low elevation access to another canton. Ticino shares international borders with Italy as well. To the southwest is the region of Piedmont and to the southeast is the region of Lombardy. The main border crossing between Italy and Switzerland is that of Chiasso, in the extreme south of the canton.

This is a document about List of mountain passes
 Col de l'Argentiere - France/Italy ; Arlberg Pass - Austria ; Bernina Pass - Switzerland ; Bielerhöhe Pass - Austria ; Bocchetta del Croso - Italy ; Bocchetto Sessera - Italy ; Col de la Bonette - France ; Brenner Pass - Austria/Italy ; Colle di Cadibona - Italy ; Colle della Croce - France/Italy ; Falzarego Pass - Italy ; Fern Pass - Austria ; Col Ferret - Italy/Switzerland ; Flexen Pass - Austria ; Flüela Pass - Switzerland ; Col du Fréjus - Italy/France ; Furka Pass - Switzerland ; Col du Galibier - France ; Passo Garlenda - Italy ; Gemmi Pass - Switzerland ; Grimsel Pass - Switzerland

This is a document about Jane Freshfield
  Switzerland, particularly the Alps. In old age, her son described the holidays they had taken together: "I think that, without any interruption, for the following ten years, I went each August to the Alps with my parents, and I experienced not only the easy trips, but also many less usual destinations. We toured the Monte Bianco, the Monte Rosa and the Bernina Range; we went to Arolla, to Evolene, to Cogne, in Val Formazza, in the Glarus Alps, to Davos, to Livigno and in the Vorderrhein. Some maps I drew still show our yearly itineraries. We climbed Mount Titlis, the Jazzi Peak, the Mittelhorn, and some other

This is a document about Engadin
  Switzerland. In the summer, the Albula Pass is also open for car travel. The Julier Pass, north above St. Moritz, connects the Engadine with the rest of Graubünden for the whole year. Regular Swiss PostBus lines connects the Upper Engadine with the Val Bregaglia, Chiavenna in Italy, and even further to Lugano in Switzerland again in the west. Immediately next to northeast of Zuoz is the village of S-chanf, which is the end of the large flat meadows next to the Inn. Every year, there is a famous mass-cross-country ski race called the Engadin Skimarathon from Maloja, across the frozen lakes and over the open meadows

This is a document about Rhaetian Railway
  station across the Italian border at Tirano. The Rhaetian Railway serves a number of major tourist destinations, such as St. Moritz and Davos. One of the RhB lines, the Bernina Railway, crosses the Bernina Pass at 2253 m above sea level and runs down to Tirano, Lombardy in Italy. In 2008, the RhB section from the Albula/Bernina area (the part from Thusis to Tirano, including St. Moritz) was added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The Albula-Bernina line is the first rail line in the world to be photographed and put on Google Street View. The company also operates several historic trains on the network.

This is a document about Austria–Switzerland border
  As shown on the National Map of Switzerland, the Swiss-Austrian-Italian tripoint is north of Piz Lad, in the Engadin. The border follows the Inn River between Martina and Nauders and then runs west towards Samnaun. It cuts across the High Alps, connecting the peaks of Grübelekopf (2894 m), Bürkelkopf (3033 m), Greitspitz (2867 m), Piz Rots (3097 m), Fluchthorn (3398 m), Augstenberg (3230 m), Piz Buin (3312 m) and Gross Seehorn (3122 m), roughly following the northern watershed of Engadin, and then to Isentällispitz (2873 m) and Schesaplana (2964 m), along the northern watershed of Prättigau valley, meeting the southern tripoint of Switzerland, Austria and Liechtenstein at Naafkopf (2570 m). From the northern Swiss-Austrian-Liechtenstein tripoint, the Swiss-Austrian border follows the Alpine Rhine (which also forms the Swiss-Liechtenstein border), passing east of Diepoldsau and reaching Lake Constance at Rheineck; the Swiss-Austrian-German tripoint is within Lake Constance.

This is a document about Northern Italy
  and receives all the waters that flow from the Apennines northwards, and all those that descend from the Alps towards the south. The Po Valley is the largest plain in Italy and held the vast majority of North Italian population. The Alps are home to some worldwide-known mountains like the Matterhorn (Cervino), Monte Rosa, Gran Paradiso in the western Alps, and Bernina, Stelvio and Dolomites along the eastern side of the Alps. The highest peak in Europe is Mont Blanc, at 4810 m above sea level, located at the border with France. With the exception of part of Liguria all of Northern Italy lies in

This is a document about Piz la Stretta
  The most convenient starting point is the south route that begins at the Forcola pass (2315 m), which is at the border between Italy and Switzerland. From the Italian side, the pass can be reached by car from the nearby Livigno, and from the Swiss side this is the road from the Bernina pass. From the east side, there is a route that starts at some lower point at Campacciolo di Sopra (1910 m), closer to Livigno. Another route from the Italian side is again from the road to Forcola, from Valle della Forcola. From the Swiss side, the route goes up the Val da Fain in the east direction to the Passo del Fieno where it joins the other described routes. From the Forcola pass, you will need about 3 and a half hours to the summit. This is a simple walk up, no exposed sections, see more in the links below.

This is a document about Alps
   The Alps have been crossed for war and commerce, and by pilgrims, students and tourists. Crossing routes by road, train or foot are known as passes, and usually consist of depressions in the mountains in which a valley leads from the plains and hilly pre-mountainous zones. In the medieval period hospices were established by religious orders at the summits of many of the main passes. The most important passes are the Col de l'Iseran (the highest), the Col Agnel, the Brenner Pass, the Mont-Cenis, the Great St. Bernard Pass, the Col de Tende, the Gotthard Pass, the Semmering Pass, the Simplon Pass, and the Stelvio Pass. Crossing the Italian-Austrian border, the Brenner Pass separates the Ötztal Alps

This is a document about Geography of Lombardy
   Lombardy's alpine valleys are broader and deeper than those found in nearby Piedmont and the Aosta Valley. Because of their size, and in spite of their high altitude, the valleys of Lombardy are very accessible. Traffic through these passes has thus been constant in the region's history, especially commercial traffic. The most important of these passes are those that connect Lombardy to Switzerland; the Splügen, Maloja, and the Bernina Passes, the latter two mostly within Swiss borders. Likewise, but intranationally, are the Stelvio and Tonale Passes between Lombardy and the Trentino.

This is a document about Geography of the Alps
  m, highest point in the Dauphiné Alps) ; Gran Paradiso (Italy, 4061 m, highest point in the Graian Alps) ; Finsteraarhorn (Switzerland, 4274 m, highest point of the Berner Oberland) ; Jungfrau (Switzerland, 4158 m, Berner Oberland) ; Ortler / Cima Ortles (Italy, 3905 m) ; Marmolada (Italy, 3343 m, highest point in the Dolomites) ; Tödi (Switzerland, 3614 m, highest point of the Glarus Alps) ; Triglav (Slovenia, 2863 m, highest point in the Julian Alps). The "main chain of the Alps" follows the watershed from the Mediterranean to the Wienerwald, passing over many of the highest and most famous peaks in the Alps.

This is a document about Pennine Alps
  The main chain (watershed between the Mediterranean Sea and Adriatic Sea) runs from west to east on the border between Italy (south) and Switzerland (north). From Mont Vélan, the first high summit east of St Bernard Pass, the chain rarely goes below 3000 metres and contains many four-thousanders such as Matterhorn or Monte Rosa. The valleys are quite similar on both side of the border, being generally oriented perpendicular to the main chain and descending progressively into the Rhône Valley on the north and the Aosta Valley on the south. Unlike many other mountain ranges, the higher peaks are often located outside the main chain and found themselves between the northern valleys (Grand Combin, Weisshorn, Mischabel, Weissmies).

This is a document about Monte Rosa
  The Monte Rosa tour can be completed by trekkers in about 10 days. The circuit follows many ancient trails that have linked the Swiss and Italian valleys for centuries. The circuit includes larch forests, alpine meadows, balcony trails and a glacial crossing. It connects seven valleys embracing different cultures: the German-speaking high Valais, the Arpitan speaking Aosta Valley and the valleys of Lombardy and Piedmont.

This is a document about Theodul Glacier
  Both branches are part of the Rhone basin, through the rivers Gornera, Mattervispa, and Vispa. Slightly above the glacier splitting is the Theodul Pass, crossing the border between Switzerland and Italy, and connecting Zermatt to Breuil-Cervinia. On the west, the Theodul Glacier is overlooked by the Matterhorn. Until about 1980s the Lower Theodul Glacier was still connected to the Gorner Glacier and one of its tributaries. The upper section of the Theodul Glacier consists of a flat plateau at around 3,800 metres, named Breithorn Plateau. The plateau lies between the Breithorn, the Gobba di Rollin and the Klein Matterhorn. The Breithorn Pass (3,814 m)

This is a document about List of Baedeker Guides
 Part 1 (Northern Italy, including Leghorn, Florence, Ravenna, and routes through Switzerland and Austria) Part 1 (Northern Italy, including Leghorn, Florence, Ravenna, and routes through Switzerland and Austria) Part 1 (Northern Italy, including Leghorn, Florence, Ravenna, and routes through Switzerland and Austria) Part 1 (Northern Italy, including Leghorn, Florence, Ravenna, and routes through Switzerland and Austria)

This is a document about Tourism in Switzerland
  the many mountain railways on the surrounding mountains, notably the Rigi and Pilatus Railway ; Lake Geneva, largest lake of the country, notable for the Riviera and the many vineyards ; Lake Constance, second largest lake of the country ; Seeland, the region of Lake Neuchâtel, Lake Biel and Lake Morat ; Jura Mountains, moderately elevated mountain region north of the Swiss Plateau ; Rhine, largest river of the country, also notable for the Rhine Falls ; Italian Lakes, group of lakes on the Italian border (Maggiore and Lugano), notable for being the warmest place in the country Notable tourist destinations in Switzerland:

This is a document about Bernese Alps
  One of the most prominent Alpine ranges, the Bernese Alps extend from the gorge of Saint-Maurice, through which the Rhône finds its way to Lake Geneva, to the Grimsel Pass or, depending on the definition, to the river Reuss (thus including the Uri Alps). The principal ridge, a chain that runs 100 km from west (Dent de Morcles) to east (Sidelhorn), whose highest peak is the Finsteraarhorn, forms the watershed between the cantons of Bern and Valais. Except for the westernmost part, it is also the watershed between the Rhine (North Sea) and the Rhône (Mediterranean Sea). This chain is not centered inside the range but lies close (10 to 15

To travel from northern Italy to Switzerland, you would cross the Alps through one of the following passes: Bernina Pass (2253 m), Splügen Pass (2113 m), or Simplon Pass (2005 m). These passes are mentioned in the text as border crossings between Italy and Switzerland.