Question: when did the book wrinkle in time come out

Answer: 1962

This is a document about A Wrinkle in Time
  A Wrinkle in Time is a young adult novel written by American author Madeleine L'Engle. First published in 1962, the book won the Newbery Medal, the Sequoyah Book Award, the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award, and was runner-up for the Hans Christian Andersen Award. The main characters—Meg Murry, Charles Wallace Murry, and Calvin O'Keefe—embark on a journey through space and time, from galaxy to galaxy, as they endeavor to save the Murrys' father and the world. The novel offers a glimpse into the war between light and darkness, and good and evil, as the young characters mature into adolescents on their journey. The novel wrestles with

This is a document about Time Quintet
  The series originated with A Wrinkle in Time, written from 1959 to 1960 and turned down by 26 publishers before Farrar, Straus and Giroux finally published it in 1962. A Wrinkle in Time won the Newbery Medal and has sold over 6 million copies. The sequel, A Wind in the Door, takes place the following year but was published over a decade later, in 1973. A Swiftly Tilting Planet, set ten years after A Wrinkle in Time, followed in 1978. The fourth title of the quintet, Many Waters, was published in 1986, but takes place several years before A Swiftly Tilting Planet. This is readily apparent from the fact that Sandy and Dennys Murry are in high school as of Many Waters, but refer to their college studies at the time of A Swiftly Tilting Planet; and from Meg's

This is a document about Time Quintet
  In 2003, A Wrinkle in Time was adapted into a television movie by Disney. A 2018 film adaptation of A Wrinkle in Time directed by Ava DuVernay was released by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.

This is a document about A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)
  A Wrinkle in Time premiered at the El Capitan Theatre on February 26, 2018, with its theatrical release on March 9, 2018. This was a month ahead of its initial release date of April 6, 2018. The film was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on 4K UHD Blu-ray, Blu-ray, and DVD on June 5, 2018. It became available for streaming on Disney+ in the United States on March 25, 2020 after being available since launch elsewhere.

This is a document about Young adult fiction
  not consider it to be one. In the 1950s, The Catcher in the Rye (1951), attracted the attention of the adolescent demographic although it was written for adults. The themes of adolescent angst and alienation in the novel have become synonymous with young adult literature. A Wrinkle in Time, written by Madeleine L'Engle in 1960, received over twenty-six rejections before publication in 1962, due in part to it being neither a children's nor adult's book, and featuring a teenage girl as the protagonist at a time when most science fiction targeted teenage boys. The modern classification of young-adult fiction originated during the 1960s, after the publication of S. E.

This is a document about Madeleine L'Engle
  Becoming Madeleine: A Biography of the Author of A Wrinkle in Time by Her Granddaughters. A Light So Lovely: The Spiritual Legacy of Madeleine L’Engle by Sarah Arthur was also published in 2018. L'Engle's A Wrinkle in Time was adapted to a film twice by Disney. A television film, directed by John Kent Harrison, premiered on May 10, 2004. When asked in an interview with Newsweek if the film "met her expectations", L'Engle said, "I have glimpsed it. ... I expected it to be bad, and it is." A theatrical film, directed by Ava DuVernay, premiered March 9, 2018. In celebration of L'Engle's centenary year, Writing for Your Life hosted the inaugural Madeleine L'Engle Conference: Walking on Water on November 16, 2019 in New York City, New York, at All Angels' Church on the Upper West Side. Katherine Paterson served as the keynote speaker.

This is a document about Madeleine L'Engle
  L'Engle determined to give up writing on her 40th birthday (November 1958) when she received yet another rejection notice. "With all the hours I spent writing, I was still not pulling my own weight financially." Soon she discovered both that she could not give it up and that she had continued to work on fiction subconsciously. The family returned to New York City in 1959 so that Hugh could resume his acting career. The move was immediately preceded by a ten-week cross-country camping trip, during which L'Engle first had the idea for her most famous novel, A Wrinkle in Time, which she completed by 1960. It was rejected more than thirty times before she handed it to John C. Farrar; it was finally published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux in 1962. In 1960 the Franklins moved to an apartment on the Upper

This is a document about Ava DuVernay
  In 2010, it was announced that Disney carried the film rights to Madeleine L’Engle’s 1962 novel A Wrinkle in Time which follows a young girl traveling through space and time. Following the success of Tim Burton's Alice in Wonderland, Disney announced the hiring of Jeff Stockwell to write the screenplay for Cary Granat and his new Bedrock Studios. Cary Granat had previously worked with Disney on the Chronicles of Narnia and Bridge to Terabithia films. On August 5, 2014, Jennifer Lee was announced as the screenwriter, taking over from Stockwell, who had written the first draft. On February 8, 2016, it was reported that DuVernay had been offered to direct the film, and she was confirmed as director later that same month. A Wrinkle in Time began filming in November 2016. DuVernay is the first

This is a document about A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)
  A Wrinkle in Time is a 2018 American science fantasy adventure film directed by Ava DuVernay and written by Jennifer Lee and Jeff Stockwell, based on Madeleine L'Engle's 1962 novel of the same name. Produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Whitaker Entertainment, the story follows a young girl who, with the help of three astral travelers, sets off on a quest to find her missing father. The film stars Oprah Winfrey, Reese Witherspoon, Mindy Kaling, Levi Miller, Storm Reid, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Michael Peña, Zach Galifianakis, and Chris Pine. It is Disney's second film adaptation of L'Engle's novel, following a 2003 television film. Development began in 2010, with DuVernay signing on to direct

This is a document about A Wrinkle in Time
  author and critic Mari Ness called A Wrinkle in Time "a book that refuses to talk down to its readers, believing them able to grasp the difficult concepts of mathematics, love and the battle between good and evil. And that's quite something." A 2004 study found that A Wrinkle in Time was a common read-aloud book for sixth-graders in schools in San Diego County, California. Based on a 2007 online poll, the National Education Association listed the book as one of its "Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children." It was one of the "Top 100 Chapter Books" of all time in a 2012 poll by School Library Journal. In 2016, the novel saw a spike in sales after Chelsea Clinton mentioned it as influential in her childhood in a speech at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.

This is a document about Three Days to Never
  novel still unsure about the connection between Einstein and astral projection, but if you give in to Powers's imaginative leaps and relentless pacing you may find that a mere quibble." Adam B. Vary of Entertainment Weekly, in a mini-review, gave the novel a B+ grade: "In 1987, a widower dad and his young daughter are thrust into international metaphysical intrigue involving time travel, Jewish mysticism, and Albert Einstein. ... Deeply weird—Charlie Chaplin plays a key role—but it all somehow works in Powers' wily storytelling logic." Comparing parts of the novel to C. S. Lewis's That Hideous Strength, Madeleine L'Engle's A Wrinkle in Time, and

This is a document about Feminist science fiction
  To Suppress Women's Writing (Russ, 1983). Also of note, Madeleine L'Engle's A Wrinkle in Time (1962), written for children and teens, features a 13-year-old girl protagonist, Meg Murry, whose mother, Mrs. Murry, is a scientist with degrees in biology and bacteriology. L'Engle's novel is decidedly science fiction, feminist, and deeply Christian, and the first of her series, The Time Quintet. Meg's adventures to other planets, galaxies, and dimensions are aided in Wrinkle by three ancient beings, Mrs, Mrs What, Mrs Which, and Mrs Who who "tesser" to travel vast distances. A Wrinkle in Time was awarded the Newbery Medal in 1963 and has never been out of print. Men also contributed literature to feminist

This is a document about Planet Ladder
  Planet Ladder was positively received by English-language readers. The fifth volume placed in the 44th spot on the list of the 50 best-selling graphic novels of February 2003, with an estimated 1,176 copies sold. The sixth volume reached the 71st place on the list of the 100 best-selling graphic novels of February 2004, with an estimated 984 copies sold. Critical reaction to Planet Ladder was generally positive. In Manga: The Complete Guide, Jason Thompson wrote that the manga reminded him of "prose science fiction", citing A Wrinkle in Time by Madeleine L'Engle (1962) and Nine Princes in Amber by Roger Zelazny (1970) as examples. His criticism of the series centered on Narushima's "inconsistent designs, crude faces, and too much greasy looking screentone". While stating that Planet Ladder is a "difficult title to warm to, since it feels

This is a document about A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)
  In October 2010, Walt Disney Pictures retained the film rights for the 1962 novel A Wrinkle in Time, by Madeleine L'Engle, which had previously been made as a 2003 television film. Following the financial success of Tim Burton's Alice in Wonderland (2010), Disney hired Jeff Stockwell to write the screenplay for Cary Granat and his new Bedrock Studios. Granat had previously worked with Disney on the Chronicles of Narnia and Bridge to Terabithia films. The project's budget was slated to be $35 million, which the company compared to District 9 and Bridge to Terabithia, both of which were made for less than $30 million. However, A Wrinkle in Time was part of a new California Film Commission tax credit program, which offset production costs considerably. On August 5, 2014, Jennifer Lee was announced as the screenwriter, taking over from Stockwell, who wrote the first draft. On February 8,

This is a document about A Wrinkle in Time
  life, [her] stand for life against death." Additionally, L'Engle drew upon her interest in science. The novel includes references to Einstein's theory of relativity and Planck's quantum theory. A Wrinkle in Time is the first novel in the Time Quintet, a series of five young adult novels written by Madeleine L'Engle. Later books include A Wind in the Door, A Swiftly Tilting Planet, Many Waters, and An Acceptable Time. The series follows the adventures of Meg Murry, her youngest brother Charles Wallace Murry, their friend Calvin O'Keefe, and her twin siblings Sandy and Dennys Murry. Throughout the series, the friends band together to travel through space and time as they attempt to save the world from the grasps of evil.

This is a document about Locked in Time
  Locked in Time was first published in April 1985 by Little, Brown and Company in hardcover. Duncan came up with the idea for the plot when one of her daughters was thirteen years old and was having issues with her body image. She says her daughter was "taking everything out" on her, and although Duncan told herself that her daughter would grow out of this stage of her life, Duncan began to wonder what would happen if her daughter never outgrew her adolescence. Duncan's working title for the book was Clock with No Hands, although her editor suggested using Frozen in Time instead. Duncan did not like

This is a document about A Wrinkle in Time (2003 film)
  The original 2001 production, a miniseries, was released in Canada, Australia, and Germany. A Wrinkle in Time premiered at the Toronto Children's Film Festival, where it won the festival's 2003 Best Feature Film Award. The original adaptation also came with a teacher's guide that included student-directed questions about the film. Examples of some of these questions include: "Why does Meg Murray think that she is stupid?", "How would you rate Meg's intelligence level?", and "Why does Meg think that no one likes her?"

This is a document about A Wrinkle in Time (soundtrack)
  A Wrinkle in Time (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack album to the 2018 film of the same name. The soundtrack features seven original songs written for the film, as well as the film score by Ramin Djawadi. Walt Disney Records released the soundtrack digitally and on streaming services on March 9, 2018, and physically released it on CD on March 30.

This is a document about A Wrinkle in Time
  Raised in the Upper East Side of Manhattan, author Madeleine L'Engle began writing at a young age. After graduating from boarding school in Switzerland, she attended Smith College, where she earned a degree in English. In addition to writing, L'Engle also gained experience as an actor and playwright. At age forty, she nearly abandoned her career as a novelist, but continued to write after her publication of Meet the Austins. L'Engle wrote A Wrinkle in Time between 1959 and 1960. In her memoir, A Circle of Quiet (1972), L'Engle explains that the book was conceived "during a time of transition." After years of living in rural Goshen, Connecticut where they ran a general store, L'Engle's family, the Franklins, moved back

This is a document about A Wrinkle in Time (2003 film)
  A Wrinkle in Time is a 2003 television fantasy film directed by John Kent Harrison from a teleplay by Susan Shilliday. The film, a Canadian and U.S. production, is based on the 1962 novel of the same name by Madeleine L'Engle. It is produced by Walt Disney Television, Dimension Television, Fireworks Entertainment, and The Kerner Entertainment Company. The film stars Katie Stuart, Gregory Smith, David Dorfman, Chris Potter, Kyle Secor, Seán Cullen, Sarah-Jane Redmond, Kate Nelligan, Alison Elliot, and Alfre Woodard. A Wrinkle in Time premiered at the Toronto Children's film Festival on April 24, 2003, where it won the Best Feature Film Award.

The book "A Wrinkle in Time" by Madeleine L'Engle was first published in 1962.


Question: who served as the foundation for wundts work

Answer: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

This is a document about Science and technology in Germany
  Wilhelm Wundt is credited with the establishment of psychology as an independent empirical science through his construction of the first laboratory at the University of Leipzig in 1879. In the beginning of the 20th century, the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute founded by Oskar and Cécile Vogt was among the world's leading institutions in the field of brain research. They collaborated with Korbinian Brodmann to map areas of the cerebral cortex. After the National Socialistic laws banning Jewish doctors in 1933, the fields of neurology and psychiatry faced a decline of 65% of its professors and teachers. The research shifted to a 'nazi neurology', with subjects such as eugenics or euthanasia.

This is a document about Völkerpsychologie
  being the founders of Völkerpsychologie, both men attribute many of their notions as being influenced by the ideas of brothers Wilhelm and Alexander Humboldt. Lazarus and Steinthal established an approach to Völkerpsychologie that focused on “establishing, reconstructing, and describing the common roots of human development in various nations.” Both Lazarus and Steinthal are of Jewish origin, which might explain why Völkerpsychologie came under criticism by several anti-Semitic conservatives once Völkerpsychologie began receiving significant recognition. Wundt: While not being credited for founding Völkerpsychologie, Wilhelm Wundt is generally considered to be the face of the field. Wundt, a prominent German experimental psychologist, adapted many of

This is a document about Wilhelm Wundt
  conduct), (1900–1920, 10 Vols.); ; Grundriss der Psychologie (Outline of Psychology), (1896; 14th ed. 1920). Wundt was initially a physician and a well-known neurophysiologist before turning to sensory physiology and psychophysics. He was convinced that, for example, the process of spatial perception could not solely be explained on a physiological level, but also involved psychological principles. Wundt founded experimental psychology as a discipline and became a pioneer of cultural psychology. He created a broad research programme in empirical psychology and developed a system of philosophy and ethics from the basic concepts of his psychology – bringing together several disciplines in one person. Wundt's epistemological

This is a document about Wilhelm Wundt
  Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (16 August 1832 – 31 August 1920) was a German physiologist, philosopher, and professor, known today as one of the fathers of modern psychology. Wundt, who distinguished psychology as a science from philosophy and biology, was the first person ever to call himself a psychologist. He is widely regarded as the "father of experimental psychology". In 1879, at University of Leipzig, Wundt founded the first formal laboratory for psychological research. This marked psychology as an independent field of study. By creating this laboratory he was able to establish psychology as a separate science from other disciplines. He also formed the first academic journal for psychological research, Philosophische Studien (from 1881 to 1902), set up to publish the institute's research. A survey published in American Psychologist in 1991 ranked Wundt's reputation as first for "all-time eminence" based on ratings provided by 29 American historians of psychology. William James and Sigmund Freud were ranked a distant second and third.

This is a document about History of psychology
  In 1896, one of Wilhelm Wundt's former Leipzig laboratory assistants, Oswald Külpe (1862–1915), founded a new laboratory in Würzburg. Külpe soon surrounded himself with a number of younger psychologists, the so-called Würzburg School, most notably Narziß Ach (1871–1946), Karl Bühler (1879–1963), Ernst Dürr (1878–1913), Karl Marbe (1869–1953), and Henry Jackson Watt (1879–1925). Collectively, they developed a new approach to psychological experimentation that flew in the face of many of Wundt's restrictions. Wundt had drawn a distinction between the old philosophical style of self-observation (Selbstbeobachtung) in which one introspected for extended durations on higher thought processes, and inner perception (innere Wahrnehmung) in which one could be immediately aware of a momentary sensation, feeling, or

This is a document about Oswald Külpe
  managed to exert his influence on the field of psychology via his students. Max Wertheimer, the founder of Gestalt psychology was undoubtedly his most famous student. However other noteworthy students include Narziß Ach and Henry Watt, both of whom worked on the concept of mental set; Robert Morris Ogden, who played a major role in introducing Gestalt psychology to the United States; and Kurt Koffka, one of the founders of the Gestalt school. Distinct from the view of Wundt, the Würzburg school developed an innovational, holistic view, where the focus was on studying both act and content. This research established a strong foundation for the Gestalt psychologists who were to come.

This is a document about Wilhelm Wundt
  its relative legitimacy before finally producing a uniform world view. Wundt always differentiates between the physical-physiological and the purely psychological, and then again from the philosophical point-of-view. As a result, apparent ‘contradictions’ are created for those who do not observe more precisely and who constantly forget that the differences in results are only due to the approach and not the laws of reality ..." Traugott Oesterreich (1923/1951) wrote an unusually detailed description of Wundt's work in his Grundriss der Geschichte der Philosophie (Foundations of the History of Philosophy). This knowledgeable representation examines Wundt's main topics, views and scientific activities and exceeds the generally much briefer Wundt reception within the

This is a document about History of psychology
  of comparative judgment and thousands of experiments based on his ideas (Link, S. W. Psychological Science, 1995). Later, 1879,Wilhelm Wundt founded in Leipzig, Germany, the first Psychological laboratory dedicated exclusively to psychological research in Germany. Wundt was also the first person to refer to himself as a psychologist (a notable precursor of Wundt was Ferdinand Ueberwasser (1752-1812) who designated himself Professor of Empirical Psychology and Logic in 1783 and gave lectures on empirical psychology at the Old University of Münster, Germany ). Other important early contributors to the field include Hermann Ebbinghaus (a pioneer in the study of memory), William James (the American

This is a document about Wilhelm Wundt
  In the introduction to his Grundzüge der physiologischen Psychologie in 1874, Wundt described Immanuel Kant and Johann Friedrich Herbart as the philosophers who had the most influence on the formation of his own views. Those who follow up these references will find that Wundt critically analysed both these thinkers’ ideas. He distanced himself from Herbart's science of the soul and, in particular, from his "mechanism of mental representations" and pseudo-mathematical speculations. While Wundt praised Kant's critical work and his rejection of a "rational" psychology deduced from metaphysics, he argued against Kant's epistemology in his publication Was soll uns Kant nicht sein? (What Kant should we

This is a document about List of psychologists on postage stamps
 Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894). Helmholtz was a German scientist who saw very few boundaries in his pursuits. His formal training was in medicine but he contributed to many fields, especially physics, physiology, and psychology, but also to philosophy and astronomy. He held professorships at several important German universities especially Heidelberg University and Humboldt University in Berlin.  It was at Heidelberg where Wilhelm Wundt, the founder of the science of psychology, would serve as a research assistant to Helmholtz for more than six years. Helmholtz's many contributions to psychology include the first studies to measure the speed of conduction in the nerves,

This is a document about Wilhelm Wundt
  Wundt was born at Neckarau, Baden (now part of Mannheim) on 16 August 1832, the fourth child to parents Maximilian Wundt (a Lutheran minister), and his wife Marie Frederike, née Arnold (1797–1868). Wundt's paternal grandfather was Friedrich Peter Wundt (1742–1805), Professor of Geography and pastor in Wieblingen. When Wundt was about four years of age, his family moved to Heidelsheim, then a small medieval town in Baden-Württemberg. Born in Germany at a time that was considered very economically stable, Wundt grew up during a period in which the reinvestment of wealth into educational, medical and technological development was commonplace. An economic strive for the advancement of knowledge catalyzed the development of a new psychological study method, and facilitated his development into the prominent psychological figure he is today.

This is a document about Wilhelm Wundt
  Wundt studied from 1851 to 1856 at the University of Tübingen, at the University of Heidelberg, and at the University of Berlin. After graduating as a doctor of medicine from Heidelberg (1856), with doctoral advisor Karl Ewald Hasse, Wundt studied briefly with Johannes Peter Müller, before joining the Heidelberg University's staff, becoming an assistant to the physicist and physiologist Hermann von Helmholtz in 1858 with responsibility for teaching the laboratory course in physiology. There he wrote Contributions to the Theory of Sense Perception (1858–1862). In 1864, he became Associate Professor for Anthropology and Medical Psychology and published a textbook about human physiology. However, his main interest, according to his lectures and classes, was not in the medical field – he was more attracted by psychology and related subjects. His lectures on psychology were published as Lectures on Human and Animal Psychology in 1863–1864. Wundt applied himself to writing a work that came to be one of the most important in the history of psychology, Principles of Physiological Psychology, in 1874. This was the first textbook that was written pertaining to the field of experimental psychology.

This is a document about Wilhelm Wundt
  Edward N. Zalta (ed.)Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt ; Friedrich A. Lange: Geschichte des Materialismus und Kritik seiner Bedeutung in der Gegenwart. (8. erw. Aufl. 1908, hrsg. und bearbeitet von Hermann Cohen). Baedeker, Iserlohn 1866. ; Wolfram Meischner, Anneros Metge: Wilhelm Wundt – progressives Erbe, Wissenschaftsentwicklung und Gegenwart. Protokoll des internationalen Symposiums. Karl-Marx-Universität, Leipzig 1979. Pahl-Rugenstein, Köln 1980. ; Anneros Meischner-Metge: Wilhelm Wundt und seine Schüler. In: Horst-Peter Brauns (Ed.): Zentenarbetrachtungen. Historische Entwicklungen in der neueren Psychologie bis zum Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts. Peter Lang, Frankfurt a.M. 2003, pp. 156–166. ; Anneros Meischner-Metge: Die Methode der Forschung. In: G. Jüttemann (Hrsg.): Wilhelm Wundts anderes

This is a document about Introspection
  It has often been claimed that Wilhelm Wundt, the father of experimental psychology, was the first to adopt introspection to experimental psychology though the methodological idea had been presented long before, as by 18th century German philosopher-psychologists such as Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten or Johann Nicolaus Tetens. Also, Wundt's views on introspection must be approached with great care. Wundt was influenced by notable physiologists, such as Gustav Fechner, who used a kind of controlled introspection as a means to study human sensory organs. Building upon the pre-existing use of introspection in physiology, Wundt believed the method of introspection was the ability to observe an experience, not just the logical reflection or speculations which some others interpreted his meaning to be. Wundt imposed exacting control over the use of introspection in his experimental laboratory at the University of Leipzig, making it possible for other scientists to replicate his experiments

This is a document about Psychology
  was located at Johns Hopkins University. Hall, in turn, trained Yujiro Motora, who brought experimental psychology, emphasizing psychophysics, to the Imperial University of Tokyo. Wundt's assistant, Hugo Münsterberg, taught psychology at Harvard to students such as Narendra Nath Sen Gupta—who, in 1905, founded a psychology department and laboratory at the University of Calcutta. Wundt's students Walter Dill Scott, Lightner Witmer, and James McKeen Cattell worked on developing tests of mental ability. Cattell, who also studied with eugenicist Francis Galton, went on to found the Psychological Corporation. Witmer focused on the mental testing of children; Scott, on employee selection. Another student of Wundt, the Englishman

This is a document about List of psychologists on postage stamps
 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716). A German mathematician and philosopher, Leibniz is seen, like Immanuel Kant, as a major influence on the psychology of Wilhelm Wundt who founded psychology's first research laboratory in 1879. Leibniz wrote on attention, consciousness, association, memory, and perception, all of which were and are central concepts in scientific psychology, and his writing found fuller expression in Wundt's early books on psychology.  Stamps issued: Germany (1926), 1950), (1966), Romania (1966), West Germany (1980), Germany (1996), Chad (2015)

This is a document about Studentski Trg
  June 1989 city assembly decided to place the replica of Stojanović's work in Belgrade. The 800 kg heavy duplicate was cast in the "Plastika" foundry in Dorćol. Within the plateau, architect Branko Bojović arranged the surrounding area of the monument which was officially dedicated on 29 June 1994 by novelist Milorad Pavić. Below the plateau is the depot of the Faculty of Philosophy's Department of Psychology. The depot contains some 60 instruments which were used by Wilhelm Wundt in his laboratory for psychological research at Leipzig University. Wundt's work in this famed laboratory, founded in 1879, helped to develop psychology as an independent field of study. Most of the instruments were constructed specifically

This is a document about Wilhelm Wundt
  as founding father Wundt became almost an outsider. A survey was conducted on the basis of more than 200 contemporary and later sources: reviews and critiques of his publications (since 1858), references to Wundt's work in textbooks on psychology and the history of psychology (from 1883 to 2010), biographies, congress reports, praise on his decadal birthdays, obituaries and other texts. A range of scientific controversies were presented in detail. Reasons for the distancing of Wundt and why some of his concepts have fallen into oblivion can be seen in his scientific work, in his philosophical orientation, in his didactics or in the person of Wundt himself:

This is a document about Wilhelm Wundt
  Leibniz provide an insight into the history of Wundt's education and the contemporary flows and intellectual controversies in the second half of the 19th century. Wundt primarily refers to Leibniz and Kant, more indirectly to Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling and Arthur Schopenhauer; and to Johann Friedrich Herbart, Gustav Theodor Fechner and Hermann Lotze regarding psychology. In addition to John Locke, George Berkeley, David Hume and John Stuart Mill, one finds Francis Bacon, Charles Darwin and Charles Spencer, as well as French thinkers such as Auguste Comte and Hippolyte Taine, all of whom are more rarely quoted by Wundt.

This is a document about Gestalt psychology
  Max Wertheimer (1880–1943), Kurt Koffka (1886–1941), and Wolfgang Köhler (1887–1967) founded Gestalt psychology in the early 20th century. The dominant view in psychology at the time was structuralism, exemplified by the work of Hermann von Helmholtz (1821–1894), Wilhelm Wundt (1832–1920), and Edward B. Titchener (1867–1927). Structuralism was rooted firmly in British empiricism and was based on three closely interrelated theories: (1) "atomism," also known as "elementalism," the view that all knowledge, even complex abstract ideas, is built from simple, elementary constituents, (2) "sensationalism," the view that the simplest constituents—the atoms of thought—are elementary sense impressions, and (3) "associationism," the view that more

Wilhelm Wundt's work was influenced by various philosophers and psychologists, including Franz Bücher, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, and Immanuel Kant. He also drew inspiration from the Völkerpsychologie movement, which focused on the common roots of human development in various nations. However, it was Wundt himself who is credited with founding modern psychology as a distinct scientific discipline by establishing the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig in 1879.


Question: actor who sang i talk to the trees in the movie musical paint your wagon

Answer: Pardner

This is a document about 1951 in music
  Daniel ; "I Love The Sunshine Of Your Smile"    w. Jack Hoffman m. Jimmy MacDonald ; "I Still See Elisa"    w. Alan Jay Lerner m. Frederick Loewe.  Introduced by James Barton in the musical Paint Your Wagon.  Performed in the film version by Clint Eastwood. ; "I Talk To The Trees"    w. Alan Jay Lerner m. Frederick Loewe.  Introduced by Tony Bavaar and Olga San Juan in the musical Paint Your Wagon ; "I Whistle A Happy Tune"    w. Oscar Hammerstein II m. Richard Rodgers ; "I Wish I Wuz"    w.m. Sid Kuller & Lyn Murray.  Introduced in the film Slaughter Trail ; "I

This is a document about Jimmy Walker (country musician)
  vocalist Kathy Dee made the "Billboard Top 20" in 1964, but as is often the case, the royalties never reached him. In the mid-sixties Jimmy Walker returned to California working as a country singer and motion picture actor. One of the better known films in which he played a character role was the Lee Marvin - Clint Eastwood picture, "Paint Your Wagon." Retiring in the late 1970s, Walker came back to his boyhood home in Mason County, West Virginia, but continued to play many clubs and other showdates and kept up contacts with old show biz pals like the late Tex

This is a document about 1951 in music
  Bierman m. Guy Wood ; "Very Good Advice"    w. Bob Hilliard m. Sammy Fain ; "A Very Merry Un-Birthday To You"    w.m. Mack David, Al Hoffman & Jerry Livingston ; "Wand'rin' Star"    w. Alan Jay Lerner m. Frederick Loewe.  Introduced by Rufus Smith, Robert Penn and Jared Reed in the musical Paint Your Wagon. ; "We Kiss In A Shadow"    w. Oscar Hammerstein II m. Richard Rodgers ; "When The World Was Young"    w. (Eng) Johnny Mercer (Fr) Angela Vannier m. M. Philippe-Gerard ; "Wonderful Copenhagen"    w.m. Frank Loesser ; "Would I Love You (Love You, Love You)"    w. Bob Russell m. Harold Spina

This is a document about Paint Your Wagon (musical)
  Paint Your Wagon is a Broadway musical comedy, with book and lyrics by Alan J. Lerner and music by Frederick Loewe. The story centers on a miner and his daughter and follows the lives and loves of the people in a mining camp in Gold Rush-era California. Popular songs from the show included "Wand'rin' Star", "I Talk to the Trees" and "They Call the Wind Maria". The musical ran on Broadway in 1951 and in the West End in 1953. In 1969 the film version also titled Paint Your Wagon was released. It had a highly revised plot and some new songs composed by Lerner and André Previn.

This is a document about Nelson Riddle
  the music to the film Paint Your Wagon, which starred a trio of non-singers, Lee Marvin, Clint Eastwood, and Jean Seberg. In the latter half of the 1960s, the partnership between Riddle and Frank Sinatra grew more distant as Sinatra began increasingly to turn to Don Costa, Billy May and an assortment of other arrangers for his album projects. Although Riddle would write various arrangements for Sinatra until the late 1970s, Strangers In The Night, released in 1966, was the last full album project the pair completed together. The collection of Riddle-arranged songs was intended to expand on the success of the title track, which had been a number one hit

This is a document about Clint Eastwood
  cast as Two-Face in the Batman television show, but the series was canceled before filming began. Eastwood then branched out to star in the only musical of his career, Paint Your Wagon (1969). Eastwood and Lee Marvin play gold miners who buy a Mormon settler's less favored wife (Jean Seberg) at an auction. Bad weather and delays plagued the production, and the film's budget eventually exceeded $20 million, which was high for the time. The film was not a critical or commercial success, but was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy.

This is a document about Paint Your Wagon (film)
  Paint Your Wagon is a 1969 Western musical film starring Lee Marvin, Clint Eastwood, and Jean Seberg. The film was adapted by Paddy Chayefsky from the 1951 musical Paint Your Wagon by Lerner and Loewe. It is set in a mining camp in Gold Rush-era California. It was directed by Joshua Logan.

This is a document about Paint Your Wagon (film)
  Lee Marvin accepted the lead role instead of appearing in The Wild Bunch. He received $1 million while Eastwood was paid $750,000. Faye Dunaway turned down the role of Elizabeth before Seberg was cast. Diana Rigg and Julie Andrews were also considered for the role. Eastwood and Marvin did their own singing, while Seberg's songs were dubbed. The early incarnation of the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band had a cameo in the song "Hand Me Down That Can o' Beans." Some songs from the original musical were dropped, some were added by Alan Jay Lerner and André Previn, and others were used in different contexts. Paint Your Wagon was shot near Baker City, Oregon, with filming beginning in May 1968 and ending that October. Other locations include Big Bear Lake, California and San Bernardino National Forest; the interiors were

This is a document about Golden Hits of the Smothers Brothers, Vol. 2
  they sing loud enough even Ralph (the angel who was Tom's boss on the short lived situation comedy The Smothers Brothers Show) might hear them - previously performed on It Must Have Been Something I Said! ; 6) "I Talk to the Trees" (5:05) - Dick tries to sing the showtune from Paint Your Wagon only to be stopped by Tom's declaration it is a "stupid song." Previously performed on Curb Your Tongue, Knave; a third version that plays off the others is found on Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour (Album) ; 7) "Hangman" (1:22) - Previously performed on The Two Sides of the Smothers Brothers ; 8) "Pretoria" (5:39) - The audience gets to join in on singing the old hit by The Weavers. Previously performed on The Smothers Brothers at the Purple Onion

This is a document about They Call the Wind Maria
  The song was featured in the 1969 Hollywood film Paint Your Wagon, starring Lee Marvin, Clint Eastwood and Jean Seberg. In the film, the song was performed by Harve Presnell. The New York Times said that Presnell's role in the film "delivered the golden opportunity to sing the unforgettable ballad." Theater writer Thomas Hischak said that "in one of the film's few pleasing moments, Harve Presnell gave full voice to 'They Call the Wind Maria' and it was lovely to hear". Referring to Eastwood and Marvin, film reviewer Brian W. Fairbanks wrote that "Harve Presnell steals both stars' thunder with a knockout version of the best song." In a promotional tie-in with release of the film, recorded versions of the song were issued by seven singers and groups, including Presnell, Ed Ames, Burl Ives, Jim Nabors and the Baja Marimba Band. Several record labels participated. This version appeared in 50 First Dates where it was played at the conclusion of the first half of the end credits during the dedication message to Stanley Sandler who was the real-life father of the film's star Adam Sandler.

This is a document about All Singing, All Dancing
  Clint Eastwood is dressed as the Man with No Name from the Dollars Trilogy films. The film Paint Your Wagon is referenced at the beginning of the episode. The film does star Eastwood and Lee Marvin and was directed by Joshua Logan, but the writers did not base their parody or the song on the film at all. The man in the film that confronts Eastwood is modelled after Lee Van Cleef and his character Colonel Douglas Mortimer from the Dollars film For a Few Dollars More. Several of the songs featured in the episode are references to actual musicals. "Springfield, Springfield", sung by Bart

This is a document about Joe Stefanelli
  Joseph Leonard Stefanelli (born September 11, 1960 in San Francisco) is an American musician and actor, of Italian descent, who is best known for performing the voice of John Lennon in the 1994 film Forrest Gump. Stefanelli arrived into the world of entertainment in 1989, by a chance meeting through a mutual friend who asked him to sit in on some jam sessions with Duncan Faure, a former lead singer of the Bay City Rollers. Duncan had recently been in touch with Ian Mitchell and the two decided to get a band together and rehash old BCR songs. Duncan volunteered Joe to play bass, though Joe could only play an acoustic guitar. In just two

This is a document about Chris Darrow
  In 1967, Darrow joined the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, replacing Bruce Kunkel, and recorded two albums with the band: Rare Junk and Uncle Charlie & His Dog Teddy. As a part of the band, he appeared in the Clint Eastwood musical Paint Your Wagon.

This is a document about John McIntire
  the Hawk (1957) as Bruce Craig ; Sing, Boy, Sing (1958) as Rev. Farley Walker ; The Light in the Forest (1958) as John Elder ; The Gunfight at Dodge City (1959) as Doc Sam Tremaine ; Who Was That Lady? (1960) as Bob Doyle ; Psycho (1960) as Sheriff Al Chambers ; Elmer Gantry (1960) (with Burt Lancaster) as Rev. John Pengilly ; Seven Ways from Sundown (1960) as Texas Ranger Sergeant Henessey ; Flaming Star (1960) (with Elvis Presley) as Sam 'Pa' Burton ; Two Rode Together (1961) (with James Stewart and Richard Widmark) as Maj. Frazer ; Summer and Smoke (1961) as

This is a document about Lee Marvin
  Sam Peckinpah and pulled out to star in the Western musical Paint Your Wagon (1969), in which he was top-billed over a singing Clint Eastwood. Despite his limited singing ability, he had a hit with the song "Wand'rin' Star". By this time, he was getting paid $1 million per film, $200,000 less than top star Paul Newman was making at the time, yet he was ambivalent about the movie business, even with its financial rewards: "You spend the first forty years of your life trying to get in this business, and the next forty years trying to get out. And then when you're making the bread, who needs it?"

This is a document about Tom Paxton discography
  Tom Paxton (born October 31, 1937) is an American folk singer-songwriter who has had a music career spanning for more than fifty years. In 2009, Paxton received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. He is noteworthy as a music educator as well as an advocate for folk singers to combine traditional songs with new compositions. Paxton's songs have been featured in the following movies: A Time for Burning (1966), Jennifer on My Mind (1971), Demolition Man (1993), The Family Man (2000), North Country (2005), and Spike (2008). Paxton's song "Going to the Zoo" was included in an episode of Monty Python's Flying Circus entitled "List of MontyIt's the Arts (or: Intermission)" (Season 1, episode 13; aired

This is a document about Michael Kidd
 Where's Charley? (1952) – choreographer ; The Band Wagon (1953) – co-choreographer with Fred Astaire ; Knock on Wood (1954) – choreographer ; Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1954) – choreographer ; Guys and Dolls (1955) – choreographer ; It's Always Fair Weather (1955) – actor ; Merry Andrew (1958) – director and choreographer ; Li'l Abner (1959) – original choreography ; Star! (1968) – choreographer ; Hello, Dolly! (1969) – choreographer ; Smile (1975) – actor ; Actor (1978) (TV movie) – actor ; Movie Movie (1978) – actor, musical staging ; For the Love of It (TV Movie) (1980) – actor ; Skin Deep (1989) – actor

This is a document about List of compositions by André Previn
  Harper – recorded amongst others by André Previn (for the soundtrack)) ; (Theme from) Valley of the Dolls, It's Impossible, Come Live with Me, I'll Plant My Own Tree and Give a Little More, lyrics by Dory Previn (1967, for Valley of the Dolls – (Theme from) Valley of the Dolls recorded amongst others by Dionne Warwick and Burt Bacharach, Gladys Knight and the Pips and Smokey Robinson and the Miracles) ; The First Thing You Know, A Million Miles Away Behind the Door, The Gospel of No Name City, Best Things and Gold Fever, lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner (1969, for Paint Your Wagon)

This is a document about Cubby O'Brien
 Westward Ho, the Wagons! (1956) ... as Jerry Stephen

This is a document about Frankie Laine
  Frankie Laine (born Francesco Paolo LoVecchio; March 30, 1913 – February 6, 2007) was an American singer, songwriter, and actor whose career spanned nearly 75 years, from his first concerts in 1930 with a marathon dance company to his final performance of "That's My Desire" in 2005. Often billed as "America's Number One Song Stylist", his other nicknames include "Mr. Rhythm", "Old Leather Lungs", and "Mr. Steel Tonsils". His hits included "That's My Desire", "That Lucky Old Sun", "Mule Train", "Jezebel", "High Noon", "I Believe", "Hey Joe!", "The Kid's Last Fight", "Cool Water", "Rawhide", and "You Gave Me a Mountain". He sang well-known theme songs for many movie Western soundtracks, including 3:10 To Yuma, Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, and Blazing Saddles, although his recordings were not charted as a country & western. Laine sang an eclectic variety

Clint Eastwood sang "I Talk To The Trees" in the movie musical "Paint Your Wagon."


Question: who is the youngest person on the supreme court

Answer: Elena Kagan

This is a document about Demographics of the Supreme Court of the United States
  Unlike the offices of President, U.S. Representative, and U.S. Senator, there is no minimum age for Supreme Court justices set forth in the United States Constitution. However, justices tend to be appointed after having made significant achievements in law or politics, which excludes many young potential candidates from consideration. At the same time, justices appointed at too advanced an age will likely have short tenures on the Court. The youngest justice ever appointed was Joseph Story, 32 at the time of his appointment in 1812; the oldest was Charles Evans Hughes, who was 67 at the time of his appointment as Chief Justice in 1930. (Hughes had previously been

This is a document about Demographics of the Supreme Court of the United States
  nominee to the court was South Carolina senator William Smith, nominated in 1837, then aged around 75 (it is known that he was born in 1762, but not the exact date). The Senate confirmed Smith's nomination by a vote of 23–18, but Smith declined to serve. Smith died three years later. Of the justices sitting as of January 2021, Amy Coney Barrett is the youngest, at old, while Stephen Breyer is the oldest at. The oldest person to have served on the Court was Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., who stepped down two months shy of his birthday. John Paul Stevens, second only to Holmes, left the court in June

This is a document about Neil Gorsuch
  making him the youngest nominee to the Supreme Court since the 1991 nomination of Clarence Thomas, who was 43. It was reported by the Associated Press that, as a courtesy, Gorsuch's first call after the nomination was to President Obama's pick for the same position, Merrick Garland, Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Obama had nominated Garland on March 16, 2016, but Senate Judiciary Committee chairman Chuck Grassley did not schedule a hearing for him, leaving Garland's nomination to expire on January 3, 2017. Senate majority leader Mitch McConnell invoked the

This is a document about Demographics of the Supreme Court of the United States
  two months after turning 90. The average age of the Court as a whole fluctuates over time with the departure of older justices and the appointment of younger people to fill their seats. , the youngest sitting Justice at the time of appointment is Clarence Thomas, who was 43 years old at the time of his confirmation in 1991. Following the appointment of Amy Coney Barrett, the average age of the Court is 57.5 years. By contrast, just prior to the death of Chief Justice William Rehnquist in September 2005, the average age was 71. After Barrett's appointment and confirmation in 2020, the average age of appointment for current

This is a document about History of women in Puerto Rico
  South Bronx. In November 2018,  Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, who represents parts of The Bronx and Queens, became  the youngest woman ever to be elected to Congress. In May 2009, President Barack Obama nominated Sonia Sotomayor to the Supreme Court following the retirement of Justice David Souter. Her nomination was confirmed by the Senate in August 2009 by a vote of 68–31. Sotomayor has supported, while on the court, the informal liberal bloc of justices when they divide along the commonly perceived ideological lines. During her tenure on the Supreme Court, Sotomayor has been identified with concern for the rights of defendants, calls for reform of the criminal justice system, and making impassioned dissents on issues of race, gender and ethnic identity.

This is a document about Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination
  The Senate confirmed Neil Gorsuch to be an associate justice of the Supreme Court on April 7, 2017, by a vote of 54–45. All Republicans present, along with Democrats Joe Manchin, Heidi Heitkamp and Joe Donnelly, voted to confirm him. Republican Johnny Isakson, who had supported the nomination, was absent for the vote because he was recovering from back surgery. On April 10, Gorsuch took the prescribed constitutional and judicial (set by federal law) oaths of office, and became the 113th member of the Supreme Court. At age 49, he was the youngest person to join the Court since Clarence Thomas, at age 43, in 1991. Also, having been a law clerk for Anthony Kennedy (1993–94), he became the first Supreme Court justice to serve alongside a justice for whom he had previously clerked.

This is a document about Donald Trump Supreme Court candidates
  President Trump began his term in January 2017 with a vacancy to be filled as a result of the February 2016 death of Justice Antonin Scalia. As three of the Court's justices at the time—Ruth Bader Ginsburg (born 1933), Anthony Kennedy (born 1936) and Stephen Breyer (born 1938)—were aged 78 or older, speculation arose that additional vacancies could occur during Trump's four-year presidential term. Because Ginsburg and Breyer were part of the liberal wing of the Court and Kennedy was a swing vote who often aligned with them on social issues, many top political analysts saw Trump's term as a chance for Republicans to reshape the court significantly towards a more conservative vision of the law. On June 27, 2018, this became a real possibility when Justice Kennedy officially announced his retirement. Following the death of Ginsburg on September 18, 2020 and the subsequent confirmation of Amy Coney Barrett on October 26, 2020, the Supreme Court has the following nine sitting justices:

This is a document about List of last words (21st century)
  personalized message to a fan through the Make-A-Wish Foundation. "My most fervent wish is that I will not be replaced until a new president is installed." ; — Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court (18 September 2020), dictated to her granddaughter. Despite Ginsburg's wishes, Amy Coney Barrett was nominated to the Supreme Court on September 26 by President Donald Trump and confirmed by the Senate on October 26. "We messed up. We let our guard down. Please tell everybody to be careful. This is real, and if you get diagnosed, get help immediately." ; —

This is a document about Baby of the House
  aiming to serve in the federal legislature generally seek election to the state legislature (which generally have lower minimum ages for entry) or other state office before seeking to serve in Washington. In the 117th Congress, which began on 3 January 2021, the youngest member of the United States House of Representatives is Madison Cawthorn, who was born on August 1, 1995, and was first elected in 2020 three months after his 25th birthday. He replaced Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, the youngest woman elected to the House in U.S. history. Currently the youngest US Senator is Jon Ossoff, born on February 16, 1987, and first elected to a full term in the Senate in the 2020–21 United States Senate election in Georgia.

This is a document about Brett Kavanaugh
  Brett Michael Kavanaugh (born February 12, 1965) is an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He was nominated by President Donald Trump on July 9, 2018, and has served since October 6, 2018. He was previously a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit and worked as a staff lawyer for various offices of the federal government. Kavanaugh studied history at Yale University, where he joined Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity. He then attended Yale Law School, after which he began his career as a law clerk working under Judge Ken Starr. After Starr left the D.C. Circuit to become the head of the Office of Independent Counsel, Kavanaugh assisted him with various investigations concerning President Bill Clinton,

This is a document about Napoleon Beazley
  under 18 years of age (17 years, eight and one-half months old, to be exact) at the time of the offense and because his victim was the father of a United States federal judge, J. Michael Luttig. During his appeals to the U.S. Supreme Court, three of the nine justices recused themselves because of their personal ties to Judge Luttig, leaving six justices to review the case. Justice Antonin Scalia recused himself because Luttig had clerked for him, while Justices David Souter and Clarence Thomas recused themselves because Luttig had led the successful efforts to gain them (Thomas and Souter) U.S. Senate confirmation to the Supreme Court. On June 3, 1997,

This is a document about Chief Justice of the Philippines
  Ages of living chief Justices as of

This is a document about John Roberts Supreme Court nomination
  John Roberts was confirmed as chief justice on September 29, 2005, by a commanding majority, 78–22, of the Senate. All 55 Republicans voted "yes", as did 22 Democrats, and one independent; voting "no" were 22 Democrats. Later that same day, the 50-year-old Roberts was given the general Constitutional oath by the senior associate justice, John Paul Stevens, in a ceremony at the White House. Prior to the ceremony, President Bush said, "The Senate has confirmed a man with an astute mind and a kind heart." On October 3, he took the prescribed judicial oath at the United States Supreme Court Building, becoming the first new Supreme Court justice in 11 years, and the youngest to enter the office since John Marshall, who was confirmed in 1801 at age 45.

This is a document about Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines
  his son, Associate Justice Edgardo (appointed in 1987) ; 41) The Padillas: Sabino Padilla (appointed in 1946, again in 1950) and Teodoro (Appointed in 1987); ; 42) The Ferias: Felicisimo Feria (appointed in 1945) and Jose (appointed in 1986)). ; 43) Uncle-Nephew ; 44) The Abad Santoses: Chief Justice José Abad Santos and Associate Justice Vicente ; 45) The Brioneses: Associate Justice Manuel Briones and Chief Justice Marcelo Briones Fernan ; 46) At age 35, American George A. Malcolm was the youngest person ever appointed Associate Justice, in 1915. However, the present age limit in the Constitution is 40. The youngest Filipinos named Associate Justices were

This is a document about Allison Jones Rushing
  of committee by a 12–10, party-line vote. On March 4, 2019, the Senate invoked cloture on her nomination by a vote of 52–43. On March 5, 2019, the Senate voted to confirm Rushing by a 53–44 vote. At the time of her confirmation, she was the youngest federal judge in the United States. Rushing received her judicial commission on March 21, 2019. On September 9, 2020, President Trump named Rushing as a potential choice to fill a U.S. Supreme Court vacancy if one should open. After the death of U.S. Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg on September 18, President Trump briefly considered nominating Rushing to replace her; however, he chose Judge Amy Coney Barrett of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit instead.

This is a document about Todd Young
  In March 2019, Young was one of twelve senators to cosponsor a resolution that would impose a constitutional amendment limiting the Supreme Court to nine justices. The resolution was introduced following multiple Democratic presidential candidates expressing openness to the idea of expanding the seats on the Supreme Court.

This is a document about Bellotti v. Baird (1979)
  Warren E. Burger, Justice  Potter Stewart, and Justice William Rehnquist argued there are three reasons why children aren't like adults: the vulnerability of children, the lack of critical decision making, and reliance on parents guidance for their children upbringing. Justice John P. Stevens, joined by Justice William J. Brennan Jr., Justice Thurgood Marshall, and Justice Harry Blackmun, concluded that the Massachusetts statute was unconstitutional because first it allows for the court to deny the abortion despite the courts decision on the minor's maturity. Second, consent was required in every case without giving the minor an option to an independent case to prove she was mature, leading

This is a document about Elena Kagan
  Elena Kagan (born April 28, 1960) is an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. She was nominated by President Barack Obama on May 10, 2010 and has served since August 7, 2010. Kagan is the fourth woman to become a member of the Court. Kagan was born and raised in New York City. After graduating from Princeton University, the University of Oxford, and Harvard Law School, she clerked for a federal Court of Appeals judge and for Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall. She began her career as a professor at the University of Chicago Law School, leaving to serve as Associate White House Counsel, and later as a policy adviser under President Bill Clinton. After a nomination

This is a document about Harvard Law School
  the first elected sikyong of the Tibetan Government in Exile. In 2004, he earned a S.J.D. degree from Harvard Law School and was a recipient of the 2004 Yong K. Kim' 95 Prize of excellence for his dissertation "Democracy in Distress: Is Exile Polity a Remedy? A Case Study of Tibet's Government-in-exile". Sixteen of the school's graduates have served on the Supreme Court of the United States, more than any other law school. Four of the current nine members of the court graduated from HLS: the chief justice, John Roberts; associate justices Neil Gorsuch; Stephen Breyer; and Elena Kagan, who also served as the dean of Harvard Law School, from 2003 to

This is a document about Neil Gorsuch
  During the 2016 U.S. presidential election, candidate Donald Trump included Gorsuch, as well as his circuit colleague Timothy Tymkovich, in a list of 21 judges whom Trump would consider nominating to the Supreme Court if elected. After Trump took office in January 2017, unnamed advisers listed Gorsuch in a shorter list of eight, who they said were the leading contenders to be nominated to fill the seat left vacant by the death of Justice Antonin Scalia. On January 31, 2017, Trump announced his nomination of Gorsuch to the Supreme Court. Gorsuch was 49 years old at the time of the

The youngest person on the Supreme Court was Joseph Story, who was appointed at the age of 32 in 1812.


Question: who played arnold in hey arnold the jungle movie

Answer: Mason Vale Cotton

This is a document about Hey Arnold!: The Movie
  Hey Arnold!: The Movie is a 2002 American animated adventure comedy film based on the Nickelodeon animated television series of the same name. It was directed by Tuck Tucker and written by series creator Craig Bartlett and Steve Viksten, with music by Jim Lang. The events of the film take place during the fifth and final season of Hey Arnold!. The film stars Spencer Klein, Francesca Smith, Jamil Walker Smith, Dan Castellaneta, Tress MacNeille, Paul Sorvino, Jennifer Jason Leigh, and Christopher Lloyd. The film follows Arnold, Gerald, and Helga on a quest to save their neighborhood from a greedy developer who plans

This is a document about Hey Arnold!
  suitable replacements. As a result, Smith was kept on as the voice of Gerald, whose voice subsequently changed in-universe with the episode Gerald's Tonsils. This would last until The Jungle Movie, which featured Benjamin Flores Jr. as the voice of Gerald instead. Production of Hey Arnold! wrapped on December 7, 2001. A dispute over a second then-planned Hey Arnold! movie, The Jungle Movie, resulted in Bartlett leaving Nickelodeon. The last season's episodes were released over four years, beginning on March 4, 2000. The series aired its final episode, unannounced, on June 8, 2004. "The Jungle Movie" was eventually released as a television film on November 24, 2017.

This is a document about List of Hey Arnold! characters
  episode "Ernie in Love," he develops a crush and starts dating a plus-size model named Lola. ; Mr. Hyunh (voiced by Baoan Coleman in the original series and also by Wally Wingert in Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie) – His last name (a misspelling of Huỳnh) is pronounced "win." He is an immigrant from Vietnam, working in a Mexican restaurant. Despite having a heavy Vietnamese accent when speaking, it is revealed that he's very talented at singing country music with the singing voice provided by country singer Randy Travis. He can also play cello, guitar and trumpet quite well. One episode reveals that he has a long-lost daughter, Mai, whom

This is a document about List of Hey Arnold! characters
  Arnold Phillip Shortman (voiced by J.D. Daniels in the pilot, Toran Caudell in season 1, Phillip Van Dyke in seasons 2–3, Spencer Klein in season 4, 17 out of 20 episodes in season 5, and ''Hey Arnold! The Movie, Rusty Flood as a baby and young toddler in "Parents Day" and "Helga on the Couch", Alex D. Linz 2 out of 20 episodes from season 5, "April Fools Day" and "The Journal", and Mason Vale Cotton in Hey Arnold! The Jungle Movie'') is the title character of the series. He is a 9-year-old dreamer and an idealist who is wise beyond

This is a document about Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie
  Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie is a 2017 American animated television film based on the Nickelodeon series Hey Arnold!, which was created by Craig Bartlett and originally aired from 1996 to 2004. Following the 2002 film Hey Arnold!: The Movie, The Jungle Movie expands on the fifth season two-part episode "The Journal". The film serves as either the definitive series finale or a prelude to a potential revival. It answered questions left after the original run ended, including the whereabouts of Arnold's missing parents. It originally aired in the United States on November 24, 2017, on Nickelodeon, while also being simulcast on Nicktoons and TeenNick. In 2018, it won an Emmy for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Animation.

This is a document about The Legend (2012 film)
 Barry Primus as Arnold ; Thierry Helaine as David ; Mi Kwan Lock as Benedicte Coen Schneidre ; Ray Reboul as Steve ; Paris Benjamin as Laurence

This is a document about Steve Viksten
  Viksten died on June 23, 2014, at age 53. The TV film Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie, released three years later, was dedicated to his memory.

This is a document about Hey Arnold!: The Movie
  A second film, titled Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie, was in production but due to the disappointing results of the first film, the project was cancelled. Bartlett later left Nickelodeon, resulting in Hey Arnold!s cancellation, with the last episode airing on Nickelodeon on June 8, 2004, unannounced. In 2015, it was announced that The Jungle Movie had resumed production as a TV movie. The movie was first broadcast on Nickelodeon and sister networks TeenNick and Nicktoons in the United States on November 24, 2017. The film was later broadcast on Nickelodeon channels and select theatres worldwide in 2018. The debut airing was simulcast on Nickelodeon, TeenNick, and Nicktoons.

This is a document about Lane Toran
  and has appeared on stage in Oliver!, Peter Pan and Li'l Abner. He has also played Conrad Birdie in Bye Bye Birdie, the Lion in the Wiz and the Prince in Cinderella in theatre. Together with Haylie Duff he co-wrote the song "Sweet Sixteen" on Hilary Duff's second studio album Metamorphosis. Toran announced in 2016 on his Instagram profile, that he would return to Hey Arnold! to voice some characters for the television movie Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie that would be released in 2017. He has also sung lead vocals on his own original songs and also with the band DieRadioDie in Los Angeles.

This is a document about Hey Arnold!
  cel animation, leading to the series premiere. Production on the show concluded on December 7, 2001, after 5 seasons and 100 episodes, and its last episode aired on June 8, 2004, unannounced. A feature film based on the series, Hey Arnold!: The Movie, was released in theaters on June 28, 2002. All five seasons have been released on DVD. On March 2, 2016, a television film continuation of the series, Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie, was green-lit. It picks up from where the series ended and resolved the unanswered plotlines of the story. The film premiered on November 24, 2017, on Nicktoons, TeenNick and on November 24, 2018, as an international theatrical release, wrapping up the entire series, thirteen years after cancellation and fifteen years after the release of the original film in 2002.

This is a document about Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie
  On June 13, 2016, it was reported that Francesca Marie Smith, Anndi McAfee, Justin Shenkarow, Olivia Hack, Nika Futterman, Dan Butler, Dan Castellaneta, Tress MacNeille, Antoinette Stella, Carlos Alazraqui, Dom Irrera, Maurice LaMarche, Kath Soucie, Danielle Judovits, Danny Cooksey, Jim Belushi and Hey Arnold! creator Craig Bartlett himself were attached to reprise their respective roles as Helga, Phoebe, Harold, Rhonda, Olga, Mr. Simmons, Grandpa, Grandma, Stella, Eduardo, Ernie, Bob Pataki, Miriam, Big Patty, Stoop Kid, Coach Wittenberg and Miles; while Lane Toran and Jamil Walker Smith, the original voices of Arnold and Gerald, were attached to return, but as the voices of San Lorenzo tour guides, while being replaced by Mason Vale Cotton and Benjamin Flores, Jr. respectively; and Alfred Molina was cast as Lasombra, the film's main antagonist. The next day, it was reported that Gavin Lewis, Jet Jurgensmeyer, Aiden Lewandowski, and Laya Hayes were respectively cast as Eugene, Stinky, Sid and Nadine.

This is a document about Gary Coleman
  Gary Wayne Coleman (February 8, 1968 – May 28, 2010) was an American actor and comedian. Coleman is regarded as one of the greatest child actors of all time, and was the highest-paid adolescent on television throughout the late 1970s and 1980s. He was rated first on a list of VH1's "100 Greatest Kid Stars". Coleman was known for playing the role of Arnold Jackson in the sitcom Diff'rent Strokes (1978–1986), which he reprised in numerous other television series such as Hello, Larry (1979), The Facts of Life (1979–1980) and The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air (1996), among others. For playing the role of Arnold, he received several accolades, which include two Young Artist Awards; in 1980 for Outstanding Contribution to Youth Through Entertainment and

This is a document about List of Hey Arnold! characters
  Gerald Martin Johanssen (voiced by Jamil Walker Smith throughout the original series and Hey Arnold! The Movie, and Benjamin Flores Jr. in ''Hey Arnold! The Jungle Movie'' ) is a 9-10 year old boy and Arnold's best friend. He is an athletic and street-smart boy who is portrayed as loyal, though much less responsible than Arnold. Gerald has known Arnold for many years, most likely since preschool. Besides being Arnold's friend, Gerald also has a good deal of knowledge of many legendary stories in the city, or "urban legends" as he calls them. He apparently gets these myths from a source he has nicknamed "Fuzzy Slippers", mentioned in many episodes as his reliable assistant. At school, Gerald is the class president, and considers himself very cool, and apparently, so do his friends. When it was

This is a document about List of directorial debuts
  Carlos Reygadas† – Japan ; Eli Roth – Cabin Fever ; Carlos Saldanha and Chris Wedge – Ice Age ; Chris Sanders and Dean DeBlois – Lilo & Stitch ; Robert Schwentke† – Tattoo ; Charles Stone III† – Drumline ; Tuck Tucker - Hey Arnold!: The Movie ; Yen Tan – Happy Birthday ; John Stainton† – The Crocodile Hunter: Collision Course ; Colin Trevorrow† – Reality Show ; Phil Vischer and Mike Nawrocki - Jonah: A VeggieTales Movie ; Denzel Washington – Antwone Fisher ; Lydia Zimmermann† and Isaac Pierre Racine† – Aro Tolbukhin. En la mente del asesino

This is a document about Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie
  Arnold!. In September 2015, Nickelodeon announced officially during an interview with Entertainment Weekly that they were considering reviving many of their old properties, and that Hey Arnold! was one of them. On November 23, 2015, Nickelodeon reported that they were working on a Hey Arnold! TV movie that would answer all the fans' questions, including the whereabouts of Arnold's parents, with Bartlett set to write and produce. On March 1, 2016, it was announced that the film would be released in 2017. The next day, Bartlett confirmed officially that the TV movie would be The Jungle Movie and that it would be released as a two-hour TV movie.

This is a document about Hey Arnold!
  in 2017. On March 6, 2016, voice actress Nika Futterman confirmed on Twitter that she and her character Olga Pataki would appear in the two-hour film. In June 2016, it was confirmed that the TV film would be titled The Jungle Movie, and that 19 of the original voice actors from the series would lend their voices in the film. New cast-members included Mason Vale Cotton as Arnold; Benjamin "Lil' P-Nut" Flores as Gerald; Gavin Lewis as Eugene; Jet Jurgensmeyer as Stinky; Aiden Lewandowski as Sid; Laya Hayes as Nadine; Nicolas Cantu as Curly; Wally Wingert as Oskar; Stephen Stanton as Pigeon Man; and Alfred Molina as the villain Lasombra. The film debuted on November 24, 2017, on Nickelodeon.

This is a document about The War of the Worlds
  and lights up and fires its Heat-Ray. On 30 October 1988, a slightly updated version of the script by Howard Koch, adapted and directed by David Ossman, was presented by WGBH Radio, Boston and broadcast on National Public Radio for the 50th anniversary of the original Orson Welles broadcast. The cast included Jason Robards in Welles' role of 'Professor Pierson', Steve Allen, Douglas Edwards, Hector Elizondo and Rene Auberjonois. A Halloween-based special episode of Hey Arnold! was aired to parody The War of the Worlds; the costumes that the main characters wore referenced a species from Star Trek. An

This is a document about The Karate Kid
  role of Mr. Miyagi to be played by Toshiro Mifune, who had appeared in the films Rashomon (1950), Seven Samurai (1954), and The Hidden Fortress (1958), but the actor did not speak English. Pat Morita later auditioned for the role but was rejected for the part due to his close association with stand-up comedy and with his character Arnold on the sitcom Happy Days. After a few failed attempts, Morita grew a beard and patterned his accent after his uncle, which led to him being cast in the role. Crispin Glover was considered for the role of Johnny, but the studio later opted

This is a document about List of Hey Arnold! characters
  Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie, Phoebe kisses Gerald and is both seen holding hands at the movie's end, having finally admitted their feelings for one another. ; Harold Berman (voiced by Justin Shenkarow) – A Jewish American friend of Arnold. Although portrayed as the school bully during the first season, he became more of a companion to Arnold and the other kids later on as his antagonistic role increasingly shifted over to Wolfgang. Despite his frequent bullying and intimidation of other students, Harold's bullying never involves stealing lunch money and he's often revealed to be rather cowardly and usually cries for his mother whenever he gets scared or upset. He's sometimes referred to

This is a document about Hey Arnold!: The Movie
  converting it into a huge shopping mall. The film was produced by Nickelodeon Movies, Snee-Oosh, Inc. and Nickelodeon Animation Studio, and was released on June 28, 2002, by Paramount Pictures. It was the third film made by Nickelodeon Movies to be based on a Nicktoon, after The Rugrats Movie and Rugrats in Paris: The Movie. It is also the first Nickelodeon movie based on a Nicktoon to get a PG rating from the MPAA. It grossed $15.2 million worldwide against a production budget of $3–$4 million. A made for television sequel entitled Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie aired on November 24, 2017.

Spencer Klein played Arnold in Hey Arnold! The Movie.


Question: air flow in the eye of a hurricane

Answer: no wind

This is a document about Hurricane Cora
  developing a well-defined eye, peaking early on August 9 with 90 mi/h winds, a minimum pressure of 980 mbar, and gale–force winds extending 100 mi from the center. The hurricane began to shift into a west-southwest track while moving at 23 mi/h. The hurricane would continue in this direction throughout its lifespan. Only 12 hours after forming, the eye rapidly dissipated on satellite imagery for unknown reasons, although the hurricane's high forward speed may have played a part. After becoming disorganized, a Hurricane Hunter aircraft—the first one to fly in the storm—reported that the cyclone had winds of only 65 mi/h, the

This is a document about Hurricane Felix
  rate of 3.4 mbar (hPa; 0.1 inHg) per hour, which the National Hurricane Center described as "one of the more rapid deepening rates we have observed." A Hurricane Hunters flight reported a stadium effect in the eye, and also reported the eye diameter shrank to 14 mi (22 km). A subsequent Hurricane Hunters flight experienced flight level winds of 175 mph (280 km/h), with peak surface winds of 163 mph (263 km/h) reported in the southwest quadrant of the eyewall; surface winds of 189 mph (306 km/h) were found in its northeastern quadrant, although the National Hurricane Center reported the peak reading could

This is a document about The Hurricane Rainband and Intensity Change Experiment
  Most hurricanes exhibit a definitive eyewall and spiral rainbands outside of the eye. These spiral rainbands were known to be complex structures that possess deep convective cores enmeshed in low altitude precipitative clouds. The eye or core of a tropical cyclone is characterized by low pressure which causes warm air to spiral upward and rise into the atmosphere. A tropical cyclone usually develops a distinct eye when the maximum sustained winds of the storm reach and exceed 74 mph. A well-formed eye is a good indicator of overall intensity due to an increase in rotational velocity when the distance between the moving particles and the center of the vortex is decreased. The angular momentum associated with the tropical cyclone

This is a document about Eye (cyclone)
   The eye is a region of mostly calm weather at the center of tropical cyclones. The eye of a storm is a roughly circular area, typically 30-65 km in diameter. It is surrounded by the eyewall, a ring of towering thunderstorms where the most severe weather and highest winds occur. The cyclone's lowest barometric pressure occurs in the eye and can be as much as 15 percent lower than the pressure outside the storm. In strong tropical cyclones, the eye is characterized by light winds and clear skies, surrounded on all sides by a towering, symmetric eyewall. In weaker tropical cyclones, the eye is less well defined and can be covered by the central dense overcast, an area of high, thick clouds that show up brightly on satellite imagery. Weaker or disorganized storms may also feature an eyewall that does not completely encircle the eye or have an eye that features heavy rain. In all storms, however, the eye is the location of the storm's minimum barometric pressure—where the atmospheric pressure at sea level is the lowest.

This is a document about Central dense overcast
  The eye is a region of mostly calm weather at the center of the CDO of strong tropical cyclones. The eye of a storm is a roughly circular area, typically 30-65 km in diameter. It is surrounded by the eyewall, a ring of towering thunderstorms surrounding its center of circulation. The cyclone's lowest barometric pressure occurs in the eye, and can be as much as 15% lower than the atmospheric pressure outside the storm. In weaker tropical cyclones, the eye is less well-defined or nonexistent, and can be covered by cloudiness caused by cirrus cloud outflow from the surrounding central dense overcast.

This is a document about Tropical cyclone
  At the center of a mature tropical cyclone, air sinks rather than rises. For a sufficiently strong storm, air may sink over a layer deep enough to suppress cloud formation, thereby creating a clear "eye". Weather in the eye is normally calm and free of convective clouds, although the sea may be extremely violent. The eye is normally circular and is typically 30 – in diameter, though eyes as small as 3 km and as large as 370 km have been observed. The cloudy outer edge of the eye is called the "eyewall". The eyewall typically expands outward with height, resembling an arena football stadium; this phenomenon is sometimes referred to as the "stadium effect". The eyewall is where the greatest wind speeds are found, air rises most rapidly, clouds reach their highest altitude, and

This is a document about Eye (cyclone)
  An eye-like structure is often found in intensifying tropical cyclones. Similar to the eye seen in hurricanes or typhoons, it is a circular area at the circulation center of the storm in which convection is absent. These eye-like features are most normally found in intensifying tropical storms and hurricanes of Category 1 strength on the Saffir-Simpson scale. For example, an eye-like feature was found in Hurricane Beta when the storm had maximum wind speeds of only 80 km/h (50 mph), well below hurricane force. The features are typically not visible on visible wavelengths or infrared wavelengths from space, although they are easily seen on microwave satellite imagery. Their development at the middle levels of the atmosphere is similar to the formation of a complete eye, but the features might be horizontally displaced due to vertical wind shear.

This is a document about Tropical cyclone
  is the heaviest. The heaviest wind damage occurs where a tropical cyclone's eyewall passes over land. In a weaker storm, the eye may be obscured by the central dense overcast, which is the upper-level cirrus shield that is associated with a concentrated area of strong thunderstorm activity near the center of a tropical cyclone. The eyewall may vary over time in the form of eyewall replacement cycles, particularly in intense tropical cyclones. Outer rainbands can organize into an outer ring of thunderstorms that slowly moves inward, which is believed to rob the primary eyewall of moisture and angular momentum. When the primary eyewall weakens, the tropical cyclone weakens temporarily. The outer eyewall eventually replaces the primary one at the end of the cycle, at which time the storm may return to its original intensity.

This is a document about Hurricane Jimena (2009)
  eye became visible on satellite imagery. Continuing to intensify, it was upgraded to a Category 4 hurricane just six hours after becoming a major hurricane and 24 hours after becoming a tropical storm. Meanwhile, the eye became better defined. Late on August 29, the cyclone leveled off in intensity as a mid-level Category 4 hurricane due to an eyewall replacement cycle, where one eye gets replaced by another. The cycle continued for another 24 hours, only to start another burst of intensification. By the evening of August 31, Hurricane hunters measured winds of 155 mph (250 km/h) and a pressure of 931 mbar (hPa;

This is a document about Secondary flow
  The flow around a tropical cyclone is often well approximated as parallel to circular isobars, such as in a vortex. A strong pressure gradient draws air toward the center of the cyclone, a centripetal force nearly balanced by Coriolis and centrifugal forces in gradient wind balance. The viscous secondary flow near the Earth's surface converges toward the center of the cyclone, ascending in the eyewall to satisfy mass continuity. As the secondary flow is drawn upward the air cools as its pressure falls, causing extremely heavy rainfall and releasing latent heat which is an important driver of the storm's energy budget.

This is a document about Hurricane Humberto (2019)
  cyclone sharply toward the northeast. While moving over sea surface temperatures of around 84°F (29°C), Humberto intensified during the next day. The hurricane developed a large eye, 35–40 miles (55–65 km) in diameter, surrounded by very cold cloud tops, a hallmark of intense thunderstorm activity. Data from a reconnaissance aircraft mission on the evening of September 17 was used as the basis for upgrading Humberto to a Category 3 hurricane around 00:00 UTC on September 18. This upgrade was applied despite a broad and asymmetric wind field that was most expansive in the southern semicircle. As Humberto passed about 65

This is a document about 1944 Jamaica hurricane
  eye of the hurricane 180 mi south of Puerto Rico the following day, recording a central pressure of 973 mbar (hPa; 28.73 inHg); this was the lowest pressure measured in connection with the storm. On the following day, the small tropical cyclone strengthened into the equivalent of a Category 3 hurricane on the modern Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale, making the storm a major hurricane. At around 16:00 UTC on August 20, the hurricane made landfall in the vicinity of Boston Bay along the coast of Jamaica with winds of 120 mph (195 km/h). At landfall, the hurricane's eye spanned 5 mi across, resulting in a 15–20 minute lull in winds over eastern portions of

This is a document about 1977 Oman cyclone
  upgraded to Category 2. Aircraft were stored in hangars, and workers inspected the roofs of buildings before riding out the storm in a shelter. Hurricane-force winds struck during the morning hours of June 13, with sustained winds peaking at 167 km/h (104 mph) and gusts to 200 km/h (124 mph). After a lull during the eye's passage, winds then increased out of the southwest towards 185 km/h (115 mph). The strong winds caused buildings to collapse and roof beams to be blown through the air. Every building at the base sustained damage, and virtually all homes in the nearby village were leveled. The radio relay station

This is a document about Meteorological history of Hurricane Ivan
  While at major hurricane status, Ivan maintained very strong convection in its core with a well-defined eye. Operationally, the probability for further rapid strengthening was considered nearly nine times the average of a typical hurricane. Accordingly, Ivan was forecast to pass near Barbados with winds of about 150 mph (240 km/h). Shortly after attaining Category 4 status, the outer convection of the hurricane became ragged. Hurricane Hunters found a Saharan Air Layer in the northern portion of the eye, leaving the eyewall eroded which caused a marked decrease in winds; by late on September 6 Ivan weakened to winds of 105 mph (165 km/h). The

This is a document about Eyewall replacement cycle
   In meteorology, eyewall replacement cycles, also called concentric eyewall cycles, naturally occur in intense tropical cyclones, generally with winds greater than 185 km/h, or major hurricanes (Category 3 or above). When tropical cyclones reach this intensity, and the eyewall contracts or is already sufficiently small, some of the outer rainbands may strengthen and organize into a ring of thunderstorms—an outer eyewall—that slowly moves inward and robs the inner eyewall of its needed moisture and angular momentum. Since the strongest winds are in a cyclone's eyewall, the tropical cyclone usually weakens during this phase, as the inner wall is "choked" by the outer wall. Eventually the outer eyewall replaces the inner one completely, and the storm may re-intensify. The discovery of this process was partially responsible for the end of the U.S.

This is a document about Hurricane Epsilon (2020)
  Epsilon reached its peak intensity, with 1-minute sustained winds of around 115 mph (185 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of around 952 mbar (28.11 inHg). Meanwhile, the hurricane's small and well-defined inner core was located within an environment of deep-level moisture, protecting it from dry air associated with an upper-level trough wrapping three-quarters of the way around the hurricane. Shortly afterward, Epsilon began to degrade due to a dry air intrusion, and its eye started to become ill-defined and cloud-filled, while its western eyewall eroded, causing the storm to weaken to a Category 2 hurricane. Weakening ensued throughout

This is a document about 1926 Miami hurricane
  UTC, the eye of the hurricane passed into the Gulf of Mexico near Punta Rassa; though by that time the pressure in the eye had only risen to 28.05 inHg, the winds in the eye wall had decreased to 105 mi/h. The hurricane had weakened over South Florida as a result of land interaction, but re-strengthened after emerging into the Gulf of Mexico off Punta Rassa six hours later. The warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico allowed for the tropical cyclone to reach a secondary peak intensity with winds of 125 mi/h on September 20, equivalent to that of a modern-day high-end Category 3 hurricane.

This is a document about Hurricane Sam
  aircraft displayed that dry air was entraining into the storm, thinning the eyewall in numerous locations. The hurricane continued to intensify through September 26, with the NHC estimating that Sam's peak probably occurred between 19:00 and 22:00 UTC, likely attaining maximum sustained winds of 135 kn and a minimum central pressure of 929 mbar. During that time, the eye had shrunk to a diameter of 8 mi (13 km). The cold convection surrounding the eye had also grown in size. Likewise, a microwave pass showed a compact, strong eyewall surrounding the small eye. Despite Sam's intensity, it remained a small storm, with tropical storm-force winds reaching out 80 mi (130 km) from its center.

This is a document about 1933 Florida–Mexico hurricane
  in the storm—concurrent with a pressure of 29.46 inHg. Another ship nearby made a reading of 992 mb coincident with winds of 50 mi/h, hinting that it was taken inside the eye of the storm; calculations by researchers determined that the central pressure was 988 mb at the time and at landfall in Florida. While this supported winds of only tropical storm force (70 mph), the storm had a small radius of outermost closed isobar embedded in a ridge of high pressure, so winds in Florida were deemed to be 75 mph, affirming earlier reports that listed the storm as a hurricane at landfall.

This is a document about Hurricane Humberto (2007)
  a few miles to the east of High Island at around 0700 UTC. A well-defined eye was maintained with strong convection around it, and Hurricane Hunters reported sustained winds of 85 mph (140 km/h) about two hours after landfall. However, post-storm analysis later determined that the winds were a bit stronger—about 90 mph (150 km/h). Based on operational estimates of a wind speed increase of 50 mph (85 km/h), the National Hurricane Center reported that "no tropical cyclone in the historic record has ever reached this intensity at a faster rate near landfall." The path of the eye continued northeastward and passed over Port Arthur, Nederland, Port Neches, Groves, and Bridge City, Texas at Category 1 hurricane strength. This was

The eye of a hurricane is a region of calm weather at the center of the storm, surrounded by a ring of towering thunderstorms and strong winds. The air flow in the eye is generally calm, with minimal wind speeds. However, the exact wind conditions in the eye can vary depending on the specific hurricane. In some cases, the eye may have weak or no winds at all, while in others, there may be light winds circulating. The absence or weakness of winds in the eye is a characteristic feature of a well-formed hurricane.