Question: when did the beatles release their first album

Answer: 22 March 1963

This is a document about Please Please Me
  Please Please Me is the debut studio album by the English rock band the Beatles. Produced by George Martin, it was released on EMI's Parlophone label on 22 March 1963 in the United Kingdom, following the success of the band's first two singles "Love Me Do", which reached number 17 on the UK Singles Chart, and "Please Please Me" which reached number 1 on the NME and Melody Maker charts. The album topped Record Retailers LP chart for 30 weeks, an unprecedented achievement for a pop album at that time. Aside from their already released singles, the Beatles recorded the majority of Please Please Me in

This is a document about Introducing... The Beatles
  Introducing... The Beatles is the first studio album released by the English rock band the Beatles in the United States. Originally scheduled for a July 1963 release, the LP came out on 10 January 1964, on Vee-Jay Records, ten days before Capitol's Meet the Beatles!. The latter album, however, entered the U.S. album chart one week before the former. Consequently, when Meet The Beatles! peaked at for eleven consecutive weeks, Introducing...The Beatles stalled at  where it remained for nine consecutive weeks. It was the subject of much legal wrangling, but ultimately, Vee-Jay was permitted to sell the album until late 1964, by which time it had sold more than 1.3 million copies. On 24 July 2014 the album was certified gold and platinum by the RIAA.

This is a document about The Beatles (album)
  The Beatles, also known colloquially as the White Album, is the ninth studio album by the English rock band the Beatles, released on 22 November 1968. It stands as the only double album released by the band. Featuring a plain white sleeve, the cover contains no graphics or text other than the band's name embossed. This was intended as a direct contrast to the vivid cover artwork of the band's previous LP Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. The Beatles is recognised for its fragmentary style and diverse range of genres, including folk, British blues, ska, music hall and the avant-garde. It has since been viewed

This is a document about Introducing... The Beatles
  continued in late June and early July 1963, including the manufacturing of masters and metal parts and the printing of 6,000 front covers. But, despite the claims of many older Beatles books and discographies that Introducing... The Beatles was first released on 22 July 1963, no documentation exists to confirm that the album was released at any time in 1963. A management shake-up at Vee-Jay, which included the resignation of the label's president Ewart Abner after he used company money to cover personal gambling debts, resulted in the cancellation of the release of Introducing... The Beatles and albums by Frank Ifield, Alma Cogan and a Jewish cantor.

This is a document about Beatlemania
  disbelief over the assassination of President John F. Kennedy on 22 November 1963, and contemporary pundits identified a link between the public shock and the adulation afforded the Beatles eleven weeks later. According to these writers, the Beatles reignited the sense of excitement and possibility that had faded in the wake of the assassination. Other factors cited included the threat of nuclear war, racial tensions in the US, and reports of the country's increased involvement in the Vietnam War. The first Beatles album issued by Capitol, Meet the Beatles, hit number one on the Billboard Top LPs chart (later the Billboard 200) on 15 February, and it maintained that position for 11 weeks

This is a document about The Beatles (album)
  in August. The same tensions continued throughout the following year and led to the band's break-up. The Beatles received favourable reviews from most music critics; detractors found its satirical songs unimportant and apolitical amid the turbulent political and social climate of 1968. It topped record charts in Britain and the United States. No singles were issued in either territory, but "Hey Jude" and "Revolution" originated from the same recording sessions and were issued on a single in August 1968. The album has been certified 24× platinum by the RIAA. A deluxe version of the album was released in November 2018 to celebrate its 50th anniversary.

This is a document about 1968 in British music
  a press conference, John Lennon and Paul McCartney introduce the Beatles' new business concept, Apple Corps, Ltd., a disastrously mismanaged entertainment company that included a recording studio, a record label, and clothing store. ; 30 May – The Beatles begin recording The White Album (officially titled, simply, The Beatles). Sessions would span over 4 months, ending on 14 October. ; 7 June – The first performance of Sir Malcolm Arnold's Peterloo overture, commissioned by the Trades Union Congress to make the centenary of its first meeting, takes place at London's Royal Festival Hall. ; 8 June – The première of Harrison Birtwistle's

This is a document about McCartney (album)
  McCartney is the debut solo album by English musician Paul McCartney, released on 17 April 1970 by Apple Records. McCartney recorded it in secrecy, mostly using basic home-recording equipment at his house in St John's Wood. Mixing and some recording took place at professional London studios. In its loosely arranged performances, McCartney eschewed the polish of the Beatles' past records in favour of a lo-fi style. Apart from occasional contributions by his wife, Linda, McCartney performed the entire album alone by overdubbing on four-track tape. McCartney recorded the album during a period of depression and confusion, following John Lennon's private departure from the Beatles in September 1969. Conflicts over the release of McCartney's album further estranged him from his bandmates, as he refused to delay the album's release to allow for Apple's previously scheduled titles, notably the Beatles' album Let It Be. A press release in

This is a document about The Beatles
  Fab Four", with Epstein, Martin and other members of the band's entourage sometimes given the informal title of "fifth Beatle". By early 1964, the Beatles were international stars and had achieved unprecedented levels of critical and commercial success. They became a leading force in Britain's cultural resurgence, ushering in the British Invasion of the United States pop market, and soon made their film debut with A Hard Day's Night (1964). From 1965 onwards, they produced records of greater sophistication, including the albums Rubber Soul (1965), Revolver (1966) and Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967), and enjoyed further commercial success with The Beatles (also known as "the White Album", 1968) and Abbey Road (1969). Heralding the album

This is a document about The Beatles
  how the Beatles "rushed to deliver a debut album, bashing out Please Please Me in a day", AllMusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine wrote: "Decades after its release, the album still sounds fresh, precisely because of its intense origins." Lennon said little thought went into composition at the time; he and McCartney were "just writing songs à la Everly Brothers, à la Buddy Holly, pop songs with no more thought of them than that – to create a sound. And the words were almost irrelevant." Released in March 1963, Please Please Me was the first of eleven consecutive Beatles albums released in the United Kingdom to reach number one. The band's third single, "From

This is a document about Abbey Road
  Abbey Road is the eleventh studio album by the English rock band the Beatles, released on 26 September 1969 by Apple Records. Named after the location of EMI Studios in London, the cover features the group walking across the street's zebra crossing, an image that became one of the most famous and imitated in popular music. The album's initially mixed reviews were contrasted by its immediate commercial success, topping record charts in the UK and US. The single "Something" / "Come Together" was released in October and topped the US charts. The album incorporates genres such as blues, rock and pop, and makes prominent use of Moog synthesizer, sounds filtered through a Leslie speaker, and tom-tom drums. It is the Beatles' only album recorded

This is a document about Beatlemania
  number two on the Record Retailer chart (subsequently adopted as the UK Singles Chart), and topped both the NME and Melody Maker charts. The band released their first album in March 1963, also titled Please Please Me. They completed four nationwide tours and performed at a great many single shows around the UK throughout the year, often finishing one show only to travel straight to the next show in another location – sometimes even to perform again the same day. The music papers were full of stories about the Beatles, and magazines for teenage girls regularly contained interviews with the band members, colour posters, and other Beatle-related articles. Lennon's August 1962 marriage

This is a document about Everest (cigarette)
  Abbey Road is the eleventh studio album by English rock band the Beatles and was released on 26 September 1969. Geoff Emerick, the band's audio engineer, used to smoke Everest cigarettes and hence the group had decided to name the album after the brand of cigarette and title it either Mount Everest, Everest or Ever Rest (since packets had a silhouette of Mount Everest on them and the Beatles liked the imagery). Originally the band intended to take a private plane over to the Himalayas to shoot a photograph of Mount Everest for the album cover. The group, however, did not want to undertake

This is a document about With the Beatles
  With the Beatles is the second studio album by the English rock band the Beatles. It was released on 22 November 1963 on Parlophone, eight months after the band's debut Please Please Me. Produced by George Martin, the album features eight original compositions (seven by Lennon–McCartney and "Don't Bother Me", George Harrison's first recorded solo composition and his first released on a Beatles album) and six covers (mostly of rock and roll and Motown R&B hits). The cover photograph was taken by the fashion photographer Robert Freeman and has since been mimicked by several music groups over the years. A different cover was used for the Australian release of the album, which the Beatles were displeased with. In the

This is a document about Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
  Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band is the eighth studio album by the English rock band the Beatles. Released on 26 May 1967, it spent 27 weeks at number one on the Record Retailer chart in the United Kingdom and 15 weeks at number one on the Billboard Top LPs chart in the United States. It was lauded by critics for its innovations in songwriting, production and graphic design, for bridging a cultural divide between popular music and high art, and for reflecting the interests of contemporary youth and the counterculture. Its release was a defining moment in 1960s pop culture, heralding the Summer of Love, while the album's reception achieved full cultural legitimisation

This is a document about Timeline of 1960s counterculture
  ; November 11: Two Virgins: John Lennon and Yoko Ono's experimental album is released. Beatles distributors EMI (for Parlophone/Gramophone labels) and Capitol (for Apple label) refuse distribution, as the cover features the couple in shocking full frontal nudity. Lennon later describes the cover as a depiction of two slightly overweight ex-junkies. ; November 22: The Beatles' self-titled double album, also known as the "White Album", is released. The band's hair is very long, and the musical content is not psychedelic. ; December 24: Earthrise: A striking photograph of the Earth taken from lunar orbit is called "the most influential environmental photograph ever taken."

This is a document about 1965 in music
  The Beatles release their album Rubber Soul, along with the double A-sided single "Day Tripper / We Can Work It Out". George Harrison's performance on the sitar on the track "Norwegian Wood" leads to his becoming a pupil of Ravi Shankar. ; The Who release their debut album My Generation. ; Undated ; Rockfield Studios (near Rockfield, Monmouthshire in Wales) becomes the world's first residential recording studio. ; Toho College of Music is established in Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan. ; Michael Tippett is invited as guest composer to the music festival in Aspen, Colorado. The visit leads to major changes in his style.

This is a document about The Beatles in Hamburg
  The first recording of the Beatles ever released was the single "My Bonnie", made in Hamburg with Tony Sheridan, who also had a residency at the Top Ten club. He recruited the band to act as his backing group on a series of recordings for the German Polydor Records label, the tracks produced by the bandleader Bert Kaempfert. On 22 June 1961, Sheridan and the Beatles drove to Hamburg-Harburg (about 30 minutes from Hamburg) to the Friedrich-Ebert-Halle (auditorium/hall) and were paid 330 Deutschmarks (about $75) for the recording. Kaempfert signed the group to a one-year Polydor contract at the first session on 22 June 1961. There were

This is a document about Meet the Beatles!
  Meet the Beatles! is a studio album by the English rock band the Beatles, released as their second album in the United States. It was the group's first American album to be issued by Capitol Records, on 20 January 1964 in both mono and stereo formats. It topped the popular album chart on 15 February 1964 and remained at number one for eleven weeks before being replaced by The Beatles' Second Album. The cover featured Robert Freeman's iconic portrait of the Beatles used in the United Kingdom for With the Beatles, with a blue tint added to the original stark black-and-white photograph.

This is a document about Beatles for Sale
  Beatles for Sale is the fourth studio album by the English rock band the Beatles. It was released on 4 December 1964 in the United Kingdom on EMI's Parlophone label. The album marked a departure from the upbeat tone that had characterised the Beatles' previous work, partly due to the band's exhaustion after a series of tours that had established them as a worldwide phenomenon in 1964. Beatles for Sale was not widely available in the US until 1987, when the Beatles' catalogue was standardised for release on CD. Instead, eight of the album's fourteen tracks appeared on Capitol Records' concurrent release, Beatles '65, issued in North America only. The sessions for Beatles for Sale also produced a non-album

The Beatles' first album, "Please Please Me," was released in the United Kingdom on 22 March 1963. In the United States, their first album, "Introducing... The Beatles," was released on 10 January 1964. However, it's important to note that there is no concrete evidence that "Introducing... The Beatles" was released before "Please Please Me," and the Beatles' first album to be released in the US with the same track listing as the UK version was "Meet the Beatles!" which was released on


Question: when did transformers the last knight come out

Answer: June 21 , 2017

This is a document about Transformers: The Last Knight
  Transformers: The Last Knight was released on June 21, 2017, after being moved up from its original June 23 release date.

This is a document about Transformers: The Last Knight
  Transformers: The Last Knight was released on Digital HD on September 12, 2017, and on Blu-ray, Blu-ray 4K, Blu-ray 3D and DVD on September 26, 2017, in North America. It was also released in a collection with the four previous films.

This is a document about Transformers: Dark of the Moon
  The fourth film in the Transformers film series, Age of Extinction, was released June 27, 2014. A fifth film, The Last Knight, was released on June 21, 2017, followed by a spin-off titled  Bumblebee, released on December 21, 2018.

This is a document about Transformers: The Last Knight
  Transformers: The Last Knight is a 2017 American science fiction action film based on the Transformers toy line. It is the fifth installment of the live-action Transformers film series and the sequel to Age of Extinction (2014). Like its predecessors, the film is directed by Michael Bay and features Mark Wahlberg reprising his role from Age of Extinction, while Josh Duhamel, John Turturro, and Glenn Morshower reprise their roles from the first three films, as well as Laura Haddock, Isabela Moner, Jerrod Carmichael, Santiago Cabrera, and Anthony Hopkins all joining the cast. Returning Transformers include Optimus Prime, Bumblebee, Hound, Drift, Crosshairs, Wheelie, Megatron, and Barricade. The film premiered at Odeon Leicester Square in London on June 18,

This is a document about Deborah Lynn Scott
 Transformers: The Last Knight (2017) ; 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi (2016) ; Aloha (2015) ; Rock the Kasbah (2015) ; The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014) ; We Bought A Zoo (2011) ; Transformers: Dark of the Moon (2011) ; Love & Other Drugs (2010) ; Avatar (2009) ; Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen (2009) ; The Invention of Lying (2009) ; Get Smart (2008) ; Reign Over Me (2007) ; Seraphim Falls (2007) ; Transformers (2007) ; The Lost City (2005) ; The Island (2005) ; The Upside of Anger (2005) ; Bad Boys II (2003) ; The Hebrew Hammer (2003) ; Minority Report (2002) ; The Patriot (2000) ; Wild Wild West (1999) ; Titanic (1997) ; To Gillian on Her 37th Birthday (1996) ; Heat (1995) ; The Indian in the Cupboard (1995) ; Legends of the Fall (1994)

This is a document about Transformers (film)
  The second film, Revenge of the Fallen was released June 24, 2009. The third film, Dark of the Moon was released June 29, 2011. The fourth film, Age of Extinction was released June 27, 2014, and the fifth film titled The Last Knight was released on June 21, 2017. Revenge of the Fallen, Dark of the Moon and Age of Extinction were financial successes, while The Last Knight failed at the box office. The sequels have received mostly negative reviews. A spin-off and prequel titled Bumblebee was released on December 21, 2018 to positive reviews. It is the highest-rated film in the Transformers series. A sequel, Rise of the Beasts, is scheduled to be released on June 9, 2023.

This is a document about Transformers: The Last Knight
  film, and that it would be his last Transformers film. Paramount Pictures spent $80 million on production in Michigan, in return for $21 million in state incentives, under agreements entered into before the state legislature eliminated the film office incentive program in July 2015. In April 2016, Paramount hired cinematographer Jonathan Sela. On May 17, Bay revealed the official title of the film to be The Last Knight on his Instagram account, where he also posted a production video showing a close-up of Optimus Prime's face with purple eyes instead of blue, and his face mostly discolored. The official Twitter account showed a 19-second short video in morse code that translates to "I'm coming for you May 31". On May 31, it was revealed that Megatron would return in the sequel.

This is a document about Transformers: Age of Extinction
  Galvatron). The screenplay was written by Ehren Kruger. Age of Extinction was the first feature film to be shot on smaller digital IMAX cameras, as well as various other film formats, such as IMAX 70mm film cameras, digital stereo 3-D, and anamorphic and spherical 35mm film. The film was released on June 27, 2014, in IMAX and 3D. Transformers: Age of Extinction received generally negative reviews from critics for its product placement, runtime, performances, screenplay, and direction. The movie was a box office success, grossing over $1.104 billion worldwide on a $210 million budget, making it the highest-grossing film of 2014, the 10th-highest-grossing film of all time, and the only film in 2014 to gross over $1 billion. The sequel, The Last Knight, was released in June 2017.

This is a document about Transformers: The Last Knight
  Transformers: The Last Knight grossed $130.1 million in the United States and Canada and $475.3 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $605.4 million, against a production budget of $217–260 million. The film reportedly lost Paramount over $100 million and was deemed a commercial failure due to competition from Despicable Me 3, Wonder Woman, Spider-Man: Homecoming, War for the Planet of the Apes, and Dunkirk with the latter making the least in worldwide earnings when comparing the five films but Transformers: The Last Knight had the least total in North America.

This is a document about Transformers: The Last Knight
  In February 2018, the film was removed from the studio's release schedule. In March 2019, di Bonaventura announced that sequels to both the solo film and The Last Knight were in development: "One is the latest in the main family series following Transformers: The Last Knight and the other is a sequel to Bumblebee". The producer later said that the follow-up to The Last Knight would not be a direct-sequel. In May 2020, Paramount scheduled a release date of June 24, 2022 for the next live-action Transformers film, which was later revealed to be the sequel to Bumblebee, despite the possibility still remaining for a sequel to The Last Knight.

This is a document about Transformers (film series)
  Transformers is a series of American science fiction action films based on the Transformers franchise, which began in the 1980s. Michael Bay has directed the first five films: Transformers (2007), Revenge of the Fallen (2009), Dark of the Moon (2011), Age of Extinction (2014), and The Last Knight (2017). A spin-off film, Bumblebee, directed by Travis Knight and produced by Bay, was released on December 21, 2018. A seventh film, Transformers: Rise of the Beasts, directed by Steven Caple Jr. as a sequel to Bumblebee, is to be released in 2023. The series has been distributed by Paramount Pictures and DreamWorks Pictures. The original Transformers film series has received negative to mixed reception, except for Bumblebee, which received positive reviews. It is the 13th-highest-grossing film series, with a total of $4.8 billion; two films in the series have grossed over $1 billion each.

This is a document about Transformers: Age of Extinction
  The sequel, titled The Last Knight, was released on June 21, 2017, with Bay stating it was his final entry of the series. It received negative reviews and failed at the box office.

This is a document about Transformers (film series)
  under agreements entered into before the state legislature eliminated the film office incentive program in July 2015. In April 2016, Paramount hired cinematographer Jonathan Sela. On May 17, Bay revealed the official title of the film to be The Last Knight on his Instagram account, where he also posted a production video showing a close-up of Optimus Prime's face with purple eyes instead of blue, and his face mostly discolored. The official Twitter account showed a 19-second short video in morse code that translates to "I'm coming for you May 31". On May 31, it was revealed that Megatron would return in the sequel.

This is a document about Transformers
  received by fans. A sequel, Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen, was released on June 24, 2009. It received mostly negative reviews, but was a commercial success and grossed more than its predecessor. A third film, Transformers: Dark of the Moon, was released on June 29, 2011, in 3-D and went on to gross over $1 billion, with mixed reviews. A fourth film, Transformers: Age of Extinction, was released on June 27, 2014, which also grossed over $1 billion, though it got mixed to negative reviews. A fifth film, Transformers: The Last Knight was released on June 23, 2017. Bumblebee was released on December 21, 2018, serving as a prequel to the first film, although it has since been declared a reboot of the film franchise.

This is a document about Transformers: The Last Knight
  explore the origins of Cybertron, with a working title of Transformers One. Before the release of The Last Knight, Michael Bay said it would be his last film as director in the franchise but expressed interest in remaining as a producer should they wish to continue the series with another director. Bay confirmed in April 2017 that out of the writers room, at least 14 stories had been completed for potential future Transformers films. Following The Last Knight's' negative reception and disappointing box office performance, the future of the series was uncertain. By August 2017, Akiva Goldsman revealed he was no longer leading the writers room, and had left the

This is a document about Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen
  The third film, Dark of the Moon was released June 29, 2011. The fourth film, Age of Extinction was released June 27, 2014. The fifth film, The Last Knight was released on June 21, 2017. A spin-off, titled Bumblebee was released on December 21, 2018.

This is a document about Transformers: The Last Knight – Music from the Motion Picture
  Transformers: The Last Knight (Music from the Motion Picture) is a soundtrack album for the 2017 film of the same name. The score was written by Steve Jablonsky, who composed the scores for the previous four films in the series.

This is a document about Transformers (film)
  the US. The film won four awards from the Visual Effects Society and was nominated for three Academy Awards, for Best Sound Editing, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Visual Effects. LaBeouf's performance was praised by Empire, and Cullen's reprisal of Optimus Prime from the 1980s television series was well received by fans. The film was followed by four sequels: Revenge of the Fallen (2009), Dark of the Moon (2011), Age of Extinction (2014), and The Last Knight (2017), as well as a spin-off titled Bumblebee (2018). A seventh installment Transformers: Rise of the Beasts is scheduled to be released on June 9, 2023.

This is a document about Transformers: The Last Knight
  and was theatrically released in the United States on June 21, 2017, by Paramount Pictures. The film was panned by critics and is the worst-reviewed film of the Transformers series. Criticism focused on its runtime, plot, direction, narrative, lack of character development, screenplay, cinematography, and frequent format changes throughout. At the 38th Golden Raspberry Awards, it was nominated for ten awards, including Worst Picture, Worst Director, and Worst Actor for Wahlberg. The film became the franchise's second box-office bomb, with the first being the 1986 animated film The Transformers: The Movie (1986), grossing $605 million worldwide against a production budget between $217–260 million, with an estimated loss of over $100 million for both Paramount and Hasbro.

This is a document about List of films: T
  Transformers: The Last Knight (2017) ; The Transformers: The Movie (1986) ; Transit: (1980, 2005 TV, 2006, 2012, 2013 & 2018) ; Transmorphers (2007) ; Transmorphers: Fall of Man (2009) ; The Transporter film series: ; The Transporter (2002) ; Transporter 2 (2005) ; Transporter 3 (2008) ; The Transporter Refueled (2015) ; Transsiberian (2008) ; Transylvania 6-5000: (1963 & 1985) ; Trap for Cinderella: (1965 & 2013) ; A Trap for Lonely Man (1990) ; A Trap for Santa Claus (1909) ; Trapeze (1956) ; Trapped: (1949 & 2002) ; Trapped in Paradise (1994) ; Tras el cristal (1986) ; Trash (1970) ; Trauma: (1962, 1993 & 2004) ; Traumschiff Surprise - Periode 1 (2004) ; Travellers and Magicians (2003) ; Travels with My Aunt (1972)

Transformers: The Last Knight was released on June 21, 2017.


Question: who propounded the nebular hypothesis for the origin of the earth

Answer: Immanuel Kant

This is a document about Nebular hypothesis
  The nebular hypothesis is the most widely accepted model in the field of cosmogony to explain the formation and evolution of the Solar System (as well as other planetary systems). It suggests the Solar System is formed from gas and dust orbiting the Sun. The theory was developed by Immanuel Kant and published in his Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens (1755) and then modified in 1796 by Pierre Laplace. Originally applied to the Solar System, the process of planetary system formation is now thought to be at work throughout the universe. The widely accepted modern variant of the nebular theory is the solar nebular disk model (SNDM) or solar nebular

This is a document about History of Solar System formation and evolution hypotheses
  so only refractories (non-volatiles) condensed in the inner region. A major difficulty was that, in this supposition, turbulent dissipation took place over the course of a single millennium, which did not give enough time for planets to form. The nebular hypothesis was first proposed in 1734 by Swedish scientist Emanuel Swedenborg and later expanded upon by Prussian philosopher Immanuel Kant in 1755. A similar hypothesis was independently formulated by the Frenchman Pierre-Simon Laplace in 1796. In 1749, Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon conceived the idea that the planets were formed when a comet collided with the Sun, sending matter out to form the planets.

This is a document about Pierre-Simon Laplace
  and is commonly esteemed one of the masterpieces of French literature, though it is not altogether reliable for the later periods of which it treats. Laplace developed the nebular hypothesis of the formation of the Solar System, first suggested by Emanuel Swedenborg and expanded by Immanuel Kant, a hypothesis that continues to dominate accounts of the origin of planetary systems. According to Laplace's description of the hypothesis, the Solar System had evolved from a globular mass of incandescent gas rotating around an axis through its centre of mass. As it cooled, this mass contracted, and successive rings broke off from its outer edge. These rings

This is a document about Nebular hypothesis
  There is evidence that Emanuel Swedenborg first proposed parts of the nebular theory in 1734. Immanuel Kant, familiar with Swedenborg's work, developed the theory further in 1755, publishing his own Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens, wherein he argued that gaseous clouds (nebulae) slowly rotate, gradually collapse and flatten due to gravity, eventually forming stars and planets. Pierre-Simon Laplace independently developed and proposed a similar model in 1796 in his Exposition du systeme du monde. He envisioned that the Sun originally had an extended hot atmosphere throughout the volume of the Solar System. His theory featured a contracting and

This is a document about Formation and evolution of the Solar System
  accepted until the end of the 17th century. The first recorded use of the term "Solar System" dates from 1704. The current standard theory for Solar System formation, the nebular hypothesis, has fallen into and out of favour since its formulation by Emanuel Swedenborg, Immanuel Kant, and Pierre-Simon Laplace in the 18th century. The most significant criticism of the hypothesis was its apparent inability to explain the Sun's relative lack of angular momentum when compared to the planets. However, since the early 1980s studies of young stars have shown them to be surrounded by cool discs of dust and gas, exactly as the nebular hypothesis predicts, which has led to its

This is a document about Formation and evolution of the Solar System
   The formation and evolution of the Solar System began about 4.5 billion years ago with the gravitational collapse of a small part of a giant molecular cloud. Most of the collapsing mass collected in the center, forming the Sun, while the rest flattened into a protoplanetary disk out of which the planets, moons, asteroids, and other small Solar System bodies formed. This model, known as the nebular hypothesis, was first developed in the 18th century by Emanuel Swedenborg, Immanuel Kant, and Pierre-Simon Laplace. Its subsequent development has interwoven a variety of scientific disciplines including astronomy, chemistry, geology, physics, and planetary science. Since the dawn of the space age in the 1950s and the

This is a document about Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens
  Kant proposes the nebular hypothesis, in which solar systems are the result of nebulae (interstellar clouds of dust) coalescing into accretion disks and then forming suns and their planets. He also discusses comets, and postulates that the Milky Way is only one of many galaxies. In a speculative proposal, Kant argues that the Earth could have once had a ring around it like the rings of Saturn. He correctly theorizes that the latter are made up of individual particles, likely made of ice. He cites the hypothetical ring as a possible explanation for "the water upon the firmament" described in the Genesis creation narrative as well as a source of water for its flood narrative. Kant's book ends with an almost mystical expression of appreciation for nature: "In the universal silence of nature and in the calm of the senses the immortal spirit’s hidden faculty of knowledge speaks an ineffable language and gives [us] undeveloped concepts, which are indeed felt, but do not let themselves be described."

This is a document about Geology of solar terrestrial planets
  The Solar System is believed to have formed according to the nebular hypothesis, first proposed in 1755 by Immanuel Kant and independently formulated by Pierre-Simon Laplace. This theory holds that 4.6 billion years ago the Solar System formed from the gravitational collapse of a giant molecular cloud. This initial cloud was likely several light-years across and probably birthed several stars. The first solid particles were microscopic in size. These particles orbited the Sun in nearly circular orbits right next to each other, as the gas from which they condensed. Gradually the gentle collisions allowed the flakes to stick together and make larger particles which, in turn, attracted more solid particles towards them. This process is known

This is a document about Nebular hypothesis
  abandoned this theory of planet formation at the beginning of the 20th century. A major critique came during the 19th century from James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879), who maintained that different rotation between the inner and outer parts of a ring could not allow condensation of material. Astronomer Sir David Brewster also rejected Laplace, writing in 1876 that "those who believe in the Nebular Theory consider it as certain that our Earth derived its solid matter and its atmosphere from a ring thrown from the Solar atmosphere, which afterwards contracted into a solid terraqueous sphere, from which the Moon was thrown off

This is a document about Timeline of Solar System astronomy
  the Earth is an oblate flattened by the poles. ; 1755 – Immanuel Kant first formulates the nebular hypothesis of Solar System formation. ; 1758 – Johann Palitzsch observes the return of Halley's comet. The interference of Jupiter's orbit had slowed the return by 618 days. Parisian astronomer La Caille suggests it should be named Halley's comet. ; 1766 – Johann Titius finds the Titius-Bode rule for planetary distances ; 1772 – Johann Bode publicizes the Titius-Bode rule for planetary distances ; 1781 – William Herschel discovers Uranus during a telescopic survey of the northern sky ; 1787 – Herschel discovers Uranus's moons Titania and Oberon ; 1789 – Herschel discovers Saturn's moons Enceladus and Mimas ; 1796 – Pierre Laplace re-states the nebular hypothesis for the formation of the Solar System from a spinning nebula of gas and dust

This is a document about Abiogenic petroleum origin
  An abiogenic hypothesis was first proposed by Georgius Agricola in the 16th century and various additional abiogenic hypotheses were proposed in the 19th century, most notably by Prussian geographer Alexander von Humboldt, the Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev (1877) and the French chemist Marcellin Berthelot. Abiogenic hypotheses were revived in the last half of the 20th century by Soviet scientists who had little influence outside the Soviet Union because most of their research was published in Russian. The hypothesis was re-defined and made popular in the West by Thomas Gold, who developed his theories from 1979 to 1998 and published his research in English. Abraham Gottlob Werner and the proponents of neptunism in the 18th century regarded basaltic sills as solidified oils

This is a document about Young Earth creationism
  Many young Earth creationists distinguish their own hypotheses from the "Omphalos hypothesis", today more commonly referred to as the apparent age concept, put forth by the naturalist and science writer Philip Henry Gosse. Omphalos was an unsuccessful mid-19th century attempt to reconcile creationism with geology. Gosse proposed that just as Adam had a navel (omphalos is Greek for navel), evidence of a gestation he never experienced, so also the Earth was created ex nihilo complete with evidence of a prehistoric past that never actually occurred. The Omphalos hypothesis allows for a young Earth without giving rise to any predictions that would contradict

This is a document about History of Solar System formation and evolution hypotheses
  In 1900, Forest Moulton showed that the nebular hypothesis was inconsistent with observations because of the angular momentum. Moulton and Chamberlin in 1904 originated the planetesimal hypothesis. Along with many astronomers of the time, they came to believe the pictures of "spiral nebulas" from the Lick Observatory were direct evidence of the formation of planetary systems, which later turned out to be galaxies. Moulton and Chamberlin suggested that a star had passed close to the Sun early in its life, causing tidal bulges, and that this, along with the internal process that leads to solar prominences, resulted in the ejection of filaments of matter from both stars. While most of the material would have fallen back, part of it would remain in orbit. The filaments cooled into numerous, tiny, solid planetesimals and a few larger protoplanets. This model received favorable support for about 3 decades, but passed out of favor by the late '30s and was discarded in the '40s due to the realization it was incompatible with the angular momentum of Jupiter. A part of the hypothesis, planetesimal accretion, was retained.

This is a document about Outline of the Solar System
 Nebular hypothesis ; Terrestrial planets ; Iron planets ; Mercury ; Silicate planets ; Geodynamics of Venus ; History of Earth ; Formation of Earth ; Geological history of Mars ; Giant planets ; Gas giants ; Jupiter ; Saturn ; Ice giants ; Uranus ; Neptune Formation and evolution of the Solar System –

This is a document about Plutonism
  to 1842. Abbé Anton Moro, who had studied volcanic islands, first proposed the theory before 1750, and James Hutton subsequently developed it as part of his Theory of the Earth, published in 1788. The idea contested Abraham Werner's neptunist theory which proposed that the Earth had formed from a mass of water and suspended material which had formed rocks as layers of deposited sediment which became the continents when the water retreated, further layers being deposited by floods and some volcanic activity. Plutonists strongly disputed the neptunist view that rocks had formed by processes that no longer operated, instead supporting Hutton's uniformitarianism. A key

This is a document about Immanuel Kant
  law, ethics and anthropology along with other topics. In the Universal Natural History, Kant laid out the Nebular hypothesis, in which he deduced that the Solar System had formed from a large cloud of gas, a nebula. Kant also correctly deduced (though through usually false premises and fallacious reasoning, according to Bertrand Russell) that the Milky Way was a large disk of stars, which he theorized formed from a much larger spinning gas cloud. He further suggested that other distant "nebulae" might be other galaxies. These postulations opened new horizons for astronomy, for the first time extending it beyond the Solar System to galactic and

This is a document about Genetic variation
  across the night sky suggested to him that different nebulae could each be in different stages in the process of condensation. This idea, which came to be known as the nebular hypothesis, suggested that natural processes could both create order out of matter and introduce variation, and that these processes could be observed over time. While it may seem to the modern reader that astronomical theories are irrelevant to theories of organic variation, these ideas became significantly conflated with ideas of biological transformation—what we now know as evolution—in the mid-19th century, laying important groundwork for the work of subsequent thinkers such as Charles Darwin.

This is a document about Flood geology
  Isaac Newton Vail (1840–1912), a Quaker schoolteacher, in his 1912 work The Earth's Annular System, extrapolated from the nebular hypothesis what he called the annular system of earth history, with the earth being originally surrounded by rings resembling those of Saturn, or "canopies" of water vapor. Vail hypothesised that, one by one, these canopies collapsed on the Earth, resulting in fossils being buried in a "succession of stupendous cataclysms, separated by unknown periods of time". The Genesis flood was thought to have been caused by "the last remnant" of this vapor. Although this final flood was geologically significant, it was not held to account for as much of the fossil record as George McCready Price had asserted. Vail's

This is a document about William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse
  arguing rather that they were made of such an amount of fine stars that most telescopes could not resolve them individually (that is, he considered nebulas to be stellar in nature). In 1845 Rosse and his technicians claimed to have resolved the Orion nebula into its individual stars using the Leviathan, a claim which had considerable cosmological and even philosophical implications, as at the time there was considerable debate over whether or not the universe was "evolved" (in a pre-Darwinian sense), a concept which the nebular hypothesis supported and with which Rosse disagreed strongly. Rosse's primary opponent in this was John Herschel, who used his own

This is a document about Hollow Earth
  straight. Sir John Leslie proposed a hollow Earth in his 1829 Elements of Natural Philosophy (pp. 449–53). In 1864, in Journey to the Center of the Earth Jules Verne describes a hollow Earth containing two rotating binary stars, named Pluto and Proserpine. William Fairfield Warren, in his book Paradise Found–The Cradle of the Human Race at the North Pole, (1885) presented his belief that humanity originated on a continent in the Arctic called Hyperborea. This influenced some early Hollow Earth proponents. According to Marshall Gardner, both the Eskimo and Mongolian peoples had come from the interior of the Earth through an entrance at the North pole.

Pierre-Simon Laplace is credited with developing the nebular hypothesis for the origin of the Earth in its modern form in the late 18th century. However, earlier versions of the hypothesis were proposed by Emanuel Swedenborg in 1734 and Immanuel Kant in 1755.


Question: what is the thing with the nozzle in sausage party

Answer: douche

This is a document about Rocket engine nozzle
  A rocket engine nozzle is a propelling nozzle (usually of the de Laval type) used in a rocket engine to expand and accelerate combustion products to high supersonic velocities. Simply: propellants pressurized by either pumps or high pressure ullage gas to anywhere between two to several hundred atmospheres are injected into a combustion chamber to burn, and the combustion chamber leads into a nozzle which converts the energy contained in high pressure, high temperature combustion products into kinetic energy by accelerating the gas to high velocity and near-ambient pressure.

This is a document about Worms World Party
  Like its predecessors, Worms World Party is a side-scrolling video game involving controlling a team of worms and using a collection of weaponry to eliminate any opposing teams. The worms can walk and jump around and use tools such as the ninja rope and parachute to move to otherwise unreachable locations. The worms have an arsenal of dozens of weapons, ranging from longbows to bazookas and from fireball to Holy Hand Grenades. There are also an array of special weapons, such as Armageddon (meteor shower) or the infamous Concrete Donkey. Some of these weapons are present in the worms' initial arsenal while others can be collected

This is a document about Nozzle
   A nozzle is a device designed to control the direction or characteristics of a fluid flow (especially to increase velocity) as it exits (or enters) an enclosed chamber or pipe. A nozzle is often a pipe or tube of varying cross sectional area, and it can be used to direct or modify the flow of a fluid (liquid or gas). Nozzles are frequently used to control the rate of flow, speed, direction, mass, shape, and/or the pressure of the stream that emerges from them. In a nozzle, the velocity of fluid increases at the expense of its pressure energy.

This is a document about Strange Brew
  to retrieve their dog, Hosehead, to invade the party. Enticed by promises of free beer and sausages, Hosehead leaps into the air and flies over the city like Superman. He crashes into the tent at the celebration and, mistaken for a skunk, frightens people away from the tainted beer. In the end, the McKenzie Brothers are heroes and Pam and Rosie find true love. Bob and Doug are allowed to haul away the contaminated beer, apparently to try to drink it all. The movie ends with an over-the-credits commentary by Bob and Doug about the movie and select crew members as their names scroll by in the credits.

This is a document about Spray nozzle
  A spray nozzle is a precision device that facilitates dispersion of liquid into a spray. Nozzles are used for three purposes: to distribute a liquid over an area, to increase liquid surface area, and create impact force on a solid surface. A wide variety of spray nozzle applications use a number of spray characteristics to describe the spray. Spray nozzles can be categorized based on the energy input used to cause atomization, the breakup of the fluid into drops. Spray nozzles can have one or more outlets; a multiple outlet nozzle is known as a compound nozzle. Multiple outlets on nozzles are present on spray balls, which have been used in the brewing industry for many years for cleaning casks and kegs. Spray nozzles range from heavy duty industrial uses to light duty spray cans or spray bottles.

This is a document about Gasoline pump
  Nozzles are attached to the pump with flexible hoses, so they can reach the vehicle's filler inlet. The hoses are robust to survive heavy wear and tear, including exposure to weather and being driven over, and are often attached using heavy spring or coil arrangements to provide additional strength. A breakaway valve is also fitted to the hose so that the nozzle and hose will detach and fuel flow stop if a motorist drives off with the nozzle still in the filler. Nozzles are usually color-coded to indicate which grade of fuel they dispense, but the color-coding differs between countries and even retailers. For example, a black hose and handle in the UK indicate that the fuel dispensed is diesel, and a green dispenser indicates unleaded fuel; the reverse is common in the US.

This is a document about Bob Hoover
  The "Hoover Nozzle", used on refueling equipment dispensing jet fuel, is designed with a flattened bell shape. It cannot be inserted in the filler neck of a gasoline-powered aircraft with the "Hoover Ring" installed, thus preventing the tank from accidentally being filled with jet fuel. This system was given this name following an accident in which Hoover was seriously injured, when both engines on his Shrike Commander failed during takeoff. Investigators found that the aircraft had just been fueled by line personnel who mistook the piston-engine Shrike for a similar turboprop model, filling the tanks with jet fuel instead of avgas (aviation gasoline). There was enough avgas in the fuel system for the aircraft to taxi to the runway and take off, but then the jet fuel was drawn into the engines, causing them to stop. Once Hoover recovered, he widely promoted the use of the new type of nozzle with the support and funding of the National Air Transportation Association, the General Aviation Manufacturers Association and various other aviation groups. The nozzle is now required on jet fuel dispensing equipment in the United States by federal government regulation.

This is a document about Flit gun
  A Flit gun consists of a pneumatic pump cylinder with a hand-operated piston to force air through an air nozzle in the front. Below the front of the pneumatic tube hangs a cylindrical container which acts as a reservoir for liquid insecticide, this reservoir being set at 90 degrees to the pneumatic tube. In early versions, the reservoir is permanently secured to the pump and equipped with a removable, gasketed screw cap for filling. In later, improved versions, the insecticide reservoir is secured to the pump with a coarse screw fitting and a seal of cork composite or gasket paper, so that it can readily be

This is a document about X-ray microtomography
 Spray nozzle

This is a document about Jet injector
  Fluid suck-back occurs when blood left on the nozzle of the jet injector is sucked back into the injector orifice, contaminating the next dose to be fired. The CDC has acknowledged that the most widely used jet injector in the world, the Ped-O-Jet, sucked fluid back into the gun. "After injections, they [CDC] observed fluid remaining on the Ped-O-Jet nozzle being sucked back into the device upon its cocking and refilling for the next injection (beyond the reach of alcohol swabbing or acetone swabbing)," stated Dr. Bruce Weniger.

This is a document about Super Mario Sunshine
  use to clean sludge, attack enemies, and activate certain mechanisms. The Hover nozzle lets Mario hover in the air for a short period of time, allowing him to cross large gaps while simultaneously spraying things directly below him. As the game progresses, Mario unlocks two additional nozzles for F.L.U.D.D. which can be substituted with the Hover nozzle: the Rocket nozzle, which shoots Mario high up into the air; and the Turbo nozzle, which moves Mario at high speeds, allowing him to run across water and break into certain areas. Each of F.L.U.D.D.'s nozzles use water from its reserves, which can be refilled via water sources such as rivers or fountains.

This is a document about Shut-off nozzle
  Shut-off nozzles are used in the manufacturing process of plastic injection molding. Machine shut-off nozzles serve as the connection between the plasticizing barrel (with reciprocating screw) and the mold. They are mounted on the machineside of the plastic injection molding process, unlike hot runner nozzles which are mounted on the moldside of the process. Machine shut-off nozzles differ from open nozzles because of their closable melt channel.

This is a document about The Kids in the Hall (TV series)
  seeking out "girl drinks". At one point, we see Ray in his office, sneaking a blender into a supply closet so he can make a Margarita. Ray loses his job due to his drinking, and at the end of the sketch, we see a homeless Ray paying a kid to get him a milkshake, into which he pours some alcohol. Love and Sausages ; One of the more surreal short films in the show, containing minimal dialogue and apparently set in a dystopian future society. It features a man (McCulloch) who works at a draconian sausage factory and falls in love with

This is a document about Bosko the Musketeer
  a corkscrew; he then uncorks a bottle marked "New Deal '32" and pours it, as his companions continue to sing. As they finish, Bosko pours the drink down the gullet of Athos; it is tasted, apparently, by Amos; and the effects of the intoxicating beverage are felt by Andy. Those gathered in the drinking spot cheer, except for one patron, who exhibits his dislike of the performance, and proceeds to eat an entire roast chicken in but two bites: he then uncorks a beer bottle with the teeth of another patron seated at a table beside his own. Fanfare! At a newly opened door,

This is a document about Party popper
   A party popper is a handheld pyrotechnic device commonly used at parties. It emits a loud popping noise by means of a small friction-actuated explosive charge that is activated by pulling a string. The explosive charge comes from a very small amount of Armstrong's mixture (a highly sensitive explosive) in the neck of the bottle-like shape. In some party poppers the explosive charge is replaced by compressed air. In party poppers with an explosive charge, there are less than 0.25 gr of explosive. The streamers are non flammable for safe use. The charge or compressed air blows out some confetti or streamers and emits a popping sound. The charge is often composed of red phosphorus and strong oxidizer, such as potassium chlorate and potassium

This is a document about The Rage: Carrie 2
  the partygoers to see. This triggers Rachel's telekinesis, and she seals the house closed. She kills most of the partygoers by causing a large glass window to explode, slashing them to death, and also triggers a fire. Meanwhile, Sue and Barbara track Rachel to the party, but a fire-poker impales the front door, killing Sue. As Rachel pursues Monica, Eric, and Mark through the house, they arm themselves with weapons. Rachel kills Monica by causing her glasses to implode into her eyes, causing Monica to inadvertently castrate Eric with a harpoon. Mark shoots her with a flare gun and Rachel falls into the swimming

This is a document about Water balloon
   Water balloons are typically filled at an indoor faucet, an outside tap, or at the end of a garden hose. Multiple types of filling nozzles are available on the consumer market and come in threaded (3/4 in standard in the U.S.) and non-threaded types. Non-threaded nozzles are called filling funnels and may be difficult to use. Some brands of nozzles are called loader instead of nozzle, but no differentiation exists between other types of nozzles. Nozzles may include a valve feature for turning the water source on or off as needed. Homemade water balloon filling stations may incorporate water balloon nozzles or valves that are on the market or use common plumbing fixtures. These stations

This is a document about Sausage Party
  Sausage Party is a 2016 adult computer-animated comedy film directed by Conrad Vernon and Greg Tiernan and written by Kyle Hunter, Ariel Shaffir, Seth Rogen, and Evan Goldberg from a story by Rogen, Goldberg, and Jonah Hill. A parody of Disney and Pixar films, the film follows an anthropomorphic sausage who lives in a supermarket and discovers the truth about what happens when groceries are purchased. He goes on a journey with his friends to escape their fate while also facing a psychopathic douche who wants to kill him. The film's animation was handled by the Canada-based Nitrogen Studios. It is the first 3D computer-animated film to be rated R by the Motion Picture Association of America. The film's rough cut premiered on March 14, 2016, at South by Southwest, followed by its general theatrical release in the United States and Canada on August 12, 2016, by Sony Pictures Releasing. The film received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised its humor and screenplay. It grossed $140.7 million against a budget of $19 million, becoming the highest-grossing R-rated animated film at the time until it was surpassed by Demon Slayer: Mugen Train in 2020.

This is a document about Glossary of firefighting equipment
  Cellar pipe: Cellar nozzle. The Bresnan nozzle is a distributing type nozzle that is inserted through an opening in the floor and into the space below, typically a basement or cellar. The nozzle directs a broken stream horizontally, either extinguishing or controlling the fire enough to allow a direct attack to be safely made. The Baker cellar pipe consists of an smoothbore, straight stream nozzle on the end of a brass pipe 36-inches long or more that can be remotely angled from the floor above by firefighters to direct the stream to the desired cellar location. Charged line: Fire hose under pressure from the pump at the

This is a document about Ultra-low volume
  nozzle for easy application. The nozzle of the machine has a very specific shape, which causes a swirling motion of the air stream. The motion is achieved by means of several stationary fins that force the air to rotate. The formulation is delivered to the air by means of a supply tube that is situated in the center of the nozzle. The motion of the air shears the liquid formulation into very small droplets and then disperses it into the atmosphere. ULV fogging machines are the most preferred misting machines as the size of the droplets can be controlled by means of machine calibration.

The term "sausage party" is not related to the nozzle mentioned in the background information. The background information discusses a rocket engine nozzle and a video game called "Worms World Party," which includes a weapon called a "sausage." However, there is no connection between the two. Therefore, there is no answer to the question as it is currently posed.


Question: who won the most medals in 1936 olympics

Answer: Germany

This is a document about 1936 Summer Olympics
   The ten nations that won most medals at the 1936 Games.

This is a document about 1936 in sports
 The infamous 1936 Summer Olympics take place in Berlin ; Germany wins the most medals (89) and the most gold medals (33) ; Jesse Owens wins four athletics gold medals ; The first torch relay takes place from Olympia, Greece ; 1936 Winter Olympics takes place in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany ; Norway wins the most medals (15) and the most gold medals (7)

This is a document about Hungary at the 1936 Summer Olympics
  The following competitors won multiple medals at the 1936 Olympic Games.

This is a document about Jimmy Borland
 Olympic gold medalist in 1936.

This is a document about Norwegian Football Federation
 Olympic Bronze Medal 1936

This is a document about 1936 Summer Olympics medal table
   The 1936 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XI Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event held in Berlin, Germany, from 1 August to 16 August. Berlin had previously been chosen to host the 1916 Summer Olympics, which were subsequently cancelled due to the First World War. The 1936 Games had 3,963 athletes from 49 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participating in a total of 129 events in 19 sports. This was the highest number of nations represented at any Games to date. Athletes from 32 NOCs won medals, of which 21 secured at least one gold medal. As a result, 17 NOCs were left without any medal. The host NOC, Germany, received a total of 89 medals, a record for a united

This is a document about Return to Coolami
 1936 winner ALS Gold Medal

This is a document about 1980 in sports
 1980 Summer Olympics takes place in Moscow, USSR (July 19 - August 8) ; USSR wins the most medals (195), and the most gold medals (80). ; 1980 Winter Olympics takes place in Lake Placid, United States (February 13 - February 24) ; GDR wins the most medals (23), and the USSR wins the most gold medals (10).

This is a document about 1908 in sports
 The 1908 Summer Olympics takes place in London ; Great Britain wins the most medals (145) and the most gold medals (56) 1908 Summer Olympics

This is a document about Germany at the 1936 Summer Olympics
  Germany was the host nation and top medal recipient for the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. 433 competitors, 389 men and 44 women, took part in 143 events in 22 sports.

This is a document about 2008 Summer Olympics
  Of the 204 nations that participated in the 2008 Games, 87 earned medals and 54 of those won at least one gold medal, both of these figures setting new records for Olympic Games. There were 117 participating countries that did not win any medals. Athletes from China won the highest number of gold medals of any nation at these Games, with 48, thus making China the seventh nation to rank top in the medal table in the history of the modern Olympics, along with the United States (fifteen times), France (in 1900), Great Britain (in 1908), Germany (in 1936), the Soviet Union (six times), and the Unified Team (in 1992). The United States team won the most medals overall, with 112. Afghanistan, Mauritius, Sudan, Tajikistan and Togo won their first ever Olympic medals. Mongolia (which previously held the record for most medals without a

This is a document about 1992 Summer Olympics medal table
  The 1992 Summer Olympics medal table is a list of National Olympic Committees and two non-NOC teams ranked by the number of medals won during the 1992 Summer Olympics, held in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, from July 25 to August 9, 1992. A total of 9,356 athletes from 169 countries participated in these games, competing in 257 events in 28 sports. Athletes from 64 countries won at least one medal, leaving 105 countries without a medal. The Unified Team (ex-USSR countries that competed together because the Soviet Union broke up several months before the start of the Games) won the most medals overall, 112, as well as the most gold medals, 45, edging the United States team

This is a document about Project 119
  The Beijing Olympics ended with China winning the most golds, while finishing second to the United States in total medals. This marked the first time since the 1936 Summer Olympics that neither the United States, nor the Soviet Union/Russia, had won the most gold medals at a Summer Olympics. China performed well at the London 2012 Games, winning the second largest number of gold medals and in total medal count.

This is a document about 1992 in sports
 1992 Summer Olympics takes place in Barcelona, Spain ; The Unified Team (formerly Soviet Union) wins the most medals (112) and the most gold medals (45). ; 1992 Winter Olympics takes place in Albertville, France ; Germany wins the most medals (27) and the most gold medals (10). ; Seventh Pan Arab Games held in Damascus, Syria

This is a document about 1936 United States men's Olympic basketball team
  Roster for the 1936 Olympics.

This is a document about 1908 Summer Olympics medal table
   The 1908 Summer Olympics (also known as the Games of the IV Olympiad) was an international multi-sport event held from 27 April to 31 October 1908, in London, United Kingdom, coinciding with the Franco-British Exhibition. A total of 2,008 athletes representing 22 nations participated in 110 events in 18 sports. Diving, field hockey, and figure skating were contested for the first time at these Games. Argentina, Switzerland and Turkey were the only nations that did not earn any medals. The host nation, the United Kingdom, with by far the most competitors, dominated the medal table, collecting the most gold (56), silver (51), and bronze (39) medals. The 146 medals won at these Games—a major increase from the two medals won at the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis—are still the highest number

This is a document about 1972 in sports
 1972 Summer Olympics takes place in Munich, Germany ; USSR wins the most medals (99), and the most gold medals (50) ; 1972 Winter Olympics takes place in Sapporo, Japan ; USSR wins the most medals (16), and the most gold medals (8) ; Seventh Winter Universiade held in Lake Placid, New York, United States

This is a document about Cross-country skiing at the 1936 Winter Olympics
  The 1936 Winter Olympics were held in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. The games began on 6 February 1936, and ended on 16 February 1936. There were three cross-country skiing events held, in which only men competed. There were 109 male competitors from 22 different nations. The youngest participant was 17-year-old Resat Erces from Turkey, while the oldest participant was Nils Backstrom from the United States of America at 34 years old. The athletes whom collected the most medals were Oddbjørn Hagen of Norway, and Erik Larsson of Sweden – each received two medals. Sweden collected more medals than any other country in the cross-country skiing events at a total of five. Events consisted of the 18 km and 50 km Classical, and the 4 × 10 km relay event was added. The relay event was held on Monday, 10 February 1936, the 18 km competition was held on Wednesday, 12 February 1936, and the 50 km event was held on Saturday, 15 February 1936. Rule Changes Implemented: "International Olympic Committee ruled that ski instructors could not compete in the games because they were professionals. Austrian and Swiss skiers boycotted the Olympics, but some Austrians decided to compete under representation of Germany."

This is a document about United States at the Summer Olympics
  won the most total medals, 22. In boxing, the Cubans and Soviets dominated, winning three and two championships, respectively, while the US won only one gold and four medals overall (compared to the Soviets' two and Cubans' five). In diving, the Americans won three medals; in soccer, the USSR and GDR fixed a bronze medal game, playing a tie, so both teams received bronze; in gymnastics, the Soviets edged their old rivals Japan to top the medal count; in weightlifting, the Soviets and Bulgarians won three golds each; in wrestling, the US team surprised with three golds in freestyle, yet the

This is a document about Sport in Berlin
   The 1936 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XI Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event that was held in 1936 in Berlin, Germany. Berlin won the bid to host the Games over Barcelona, Spain, on 26 April 1931, at the 29th IOC Session. Germany built a new 100,000-seat track and field stadium, six gymnasiums, and many other smaller arenas. They also installed a closed-circuit television system and radio network that reached 41 countries, with many other forms of expensive high-tech electronic equipment. Filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl, was commissioned by the German Olympic Committee to film the Games. Her film,

Germany won the most medals (89) and the most gold medals (33) at the 1936 Summer Olympics.


Question: who 's the publisher of the national enquirer

Answer: American Media Inc

This is a document about National Enquirer
  The National Enquirer is an American tabloid newspaper. Founded in 1926, the newspaper has undergone a number of changes over the years. As of April 18, 2019, The Washington Post reported that the National Enquirer was being sold for $100 million to James Cohen, CEO of Hudson Group. The National Enquirer openly acknowledges that it will pay sources for tips, a practice generally disapproved of by the mainstream press. It has also been embroiled in several controversies related to its catch and kill practices and allegations of blackmail. It has struggled with declining circulation figures because of competition from other glossy tabloid publications. In May 2014, American Media announced a decision to shift the headquarters of

This is a document about National Enquirer
  National Enquirer from Florida, where it had been located since 1971, back to New York City, where it originally began as The New York Enquirer in 1926. On April 10, 2019, Chatham Asset Management, which had acquired control of 80 percent of AMI's stock, forced AMI to sell the National Enquirer. This came after Chatham owner Anthony Melchiorre, whom AMI has also relied on for survival, expressed dismay of the tabloid magazine's recent scandals regarding hush money assistance to U.S. President Donald Trump's 2016 campaign and blackmail of Jeff Bezos. On April 18, 2019, AMI agreed to sell the National Enquirer to Hudson Group. Pending bankruptcy, Chatham will again become majority shareholder of the paper.

This is a document about National Enquirer
  In February 2019, Jeff Bezos alleged that the National Enquirer had threatened to publish private messages and photographs belonging to Bezos and his girlfriend, Lauren Sánchez, if Bezos did not stop The Washington Post, which he owns, from pursuing journalistic inquiries into how the publication obtained those messages and photographs. Bezos also said that in 2018, the year in which Saudi Arabian officials reportedly murdered Washington Post reporter Jamal Khashoggi, the National Enquirer had published a glossy magazine, The New Kingdom, promoting Saudi Arabia.

This is a document about A360media
  In January 2019, the National Enquirer broke a story about the extramarital affair of Amazon founder and Washington Post owner Jeff Bezos with Lauren Sánchez. Bezos began investigating how and why the information had been leaked to the National Enquirer. President Trump has long expressed displeasure with Bezos,  and Trump's irritation may have increased due to the Washington Post's critical coverage of the murder (and the subsequent cover-up ) of one of its reporters, Jamal Khashoggi. This, Bezos suspects, may have been the political motivation for someone to leak his affair to the tabloid. On February 7, 2019, Bezos shared emails that he had received the previous day in which AMI sought a public statement from him and his

This is a document about David Pecker
  David Jay Pecker (born September 24, 1951) is an American publishing executive and businessman, who was the CEO of American Media until August 2020. He was the publisher of Men's Fitness, Muscle and Fitness, Flex, Fit Pregnancy, Shape and Star. He was also the publisher of National Enquirer, Sun, Weekly World News, and Globe. In 2018, Pecker became embroiled in controversy regarding his involvement in a catch and kill operation to buy exclusive rights to stories that might embarrass his friend Donald Trump, to prevent the stories from becoming public during the 2016 presidential campaign.

This is a document about A360media
  September 2018 non-prosecution agreement with Southern District of New York federal prosecutors, AMI "shall commit no crimes whatsoever" for three years, otherwise "A.M.I. shall thereafter be subject to prosecution for any federal criminal violation of which this office has knowledge." On April 10, 2019, Chatham Asset Management, which controls 80 percent of AMI's stock, forced AMI to sell the National Enquirer. This came after Chatham owner Anthony Melchiorre, who AMI has also relied on for survival, expressed dismay over the tabloid magazine's recent scandals involving hush money assistance to U.S. President Donald Trump's 2016 campaign and blackmail of Jeff Bezos. On April 18, 2019, AMI agreed to sell not only the National Enquirer, but two of its other publications, Globe and National Examiner, to Hudson News Distributors.

This is a document about National Enquirer
  According to reporting in The Washington Post, executives at the National Enquirer sent articles and cover images pertaining to Donald Trump or his electoral opponents to Michael Cohen, Trump's lawyer, prior to their publication. The Post reported that this practice has continued since Trump became President of the United States. American Media Inc. denied sharing material prior to publication. Federal prosecutors have subpoenaed American Media Inc as part of their investigations into Michael Cohen for possible violation of campaign finance laws. According to reporting by the Associated Press, during the 2016 United States presidential election, stories that supported Donald Trump or attacked his rivals bypassed the newspaper's standard fact checking process. Donald Trump reportedly suggested stories to David Pecker—sometimes via Hope Hicks and sometimes personally—including a negative story about Republican primary opponent Ben Carson.

This is a document about David Pecker
  In January 2019, Pecker's National Enquirer published what it called "sleazy text messages and gushing love notes" between Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos and a romantic partner. Bezos began investigating how his personal communications reached the paper. The next month, Bezos accused the National Enquirer of extortion and blackmail by threatening to release Bezos' intimate pictures, criminal accusations Pecker denied through an attorney. Bezos wrote that AMI proposed in writing that Bezos state publicly that he and his security consultant "have no knowledge or basis for suggesting that AMI's coverage was politically motivated or influenced by political forces." In return, AMI would withhold publication of the pictures. Both AMI and the Manhattan prosecutor launched reviews of the accusations. Any violation of law by AMI would constitute a breach of the immunity agreement the company reached with prosecutors in 2018 after the paper agreed to "catch and kill" a story on behalf of then-candidate Donald Trump. Ronan Farrow, a journalist, said he and another journalist received similar demands from AMI.

This is a document about Tabloid journalism
  books. Leading examples include the National Enquirer, Star, Weekly World News (later reinvented as a parody of the style), and the Sun. Most major supermarket tabloids in the U.S. are published by American Media, Inc., including the National Enquirer, Star, The Globe, and National Examiner. A major event in the history of U.S. supermarket tabloids was the successful libel lawsuit by Carol Burnett against the National Enquirer (Carol Burnett v. National Enquirer, Inc.), arising out of a false 1976 report in the National Enquirer, implying she was drunk and boisterous in a public encounter with U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger. Though its impact is widely debated, it is generally seen as a significant turning

This is a document about National Enquirer
  The National Enquirer enthusiastically endorsed Donald Trump for the 2016 presidential election and published numerous stories promoting his candidacy and denigrating his opponents. During the Republican presidential primaries in March 2016, the title ran a story alleging that "political operatives" were investigating whether candidate Ted Cruz, a U.S. Senator from Texas, engaged in extramarital affairs. Cruz denied it and said that Trump had used his connections to persuade the Enquirer to publish the story. Trump denied involvement. The National Enquirer ran another story in April 2016, suggesting that Cruz's father, Rafael Cruz, knew alleged JFK assassin Lee Harvey Oswald and worked with Oswald in New Orleans a few months before the assassination. Trump publicly discussed this story on May 3, 2016 saying to Brian Kilmeade of Fox News

This is a document about The Cincinnati Enquirer
  McCay – cartoonist and animator ; Robert D. McFadden – journalist ; John McIntyre – copyeditor ; Charles Murphy – owner of the Chicago Cubs ; Terence Moore – sports journalist ; David Philipson – Reform rabbi and orator ; Jacob J. Rosenthal – theater manager ; Frederick Bushnell "Jack" Ryder – football coach and sportswriter ; Al Schottelkotte – WCPO-TV news anchor ; Bill Thomas – author ; Whitney Tower – horse racing reporter ; Lawson Wulsin – professor of psychiatry and family medicine Francis L. Dale – publisher ; James J. Faran – owner and associate editor; U.S. Representative ; William J. Keating – CEO and publisher; U.S. Representative ; Carl Lindner Jr. – owner ; John Roll McLean – publisher ; Washington McLean – owner ; Carolyn Washburn – Enquirer editor Current employees: Former employees and contributors: Former Enquirer owners and publishers:

This is a document about E. Garrett Bewkes IV
  Eugene Garrett Bewkes IV is an American publisher, currently the publisher of National Review. Bewkes formerly served as the Senior Manager of Digital Strategy & Account Management for the New York Post.

This is a document about List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign non-political endorsements
  Schoenfeld, former Senior Editor: Commentary (Republican) • Paul Starr, co-founder: The American Prospect • Sarah Thomson,* publisher: Women's Post • Rebecca Traister • Alexia Tsotsis • Katrina vanden Heuvel,* Publisher and Editor: The Nation • Jamie Weinstein, Senior Editor: Daily Caller • Jann Wenner, co-founder: Rolling Stone • Katharine Weymouth, former Publisher: The Washington Post • Anna Wintour, Editor-in-Chief: Vogue • Paul Wontorek,* founder: Broadway.com • Dan Wootton* • Andi Zeisler,* co-founder: Bitch Media Journalists • Pedro Andrade* • Roger Angell* • Anne Applebaum* • Willow Bay • Megan Beyer • Paul Bongiorno • Susie Boniface* • Laura Brown • Tina Brown* • Viviana Canosa • Renee Chenault-Fattah • Elizabeth Day • Michael Deibert* • Colleen Dominguez • Rebecca

This is a document about David Pecker
  served as publisher of the magazines Men's Fitness, Muscle and Fitness, Flex, Fit Pregnancy, Shape and Star, as well as the supermarket tabloids National Enquirer, Star, Sun, Weekly World News, Globe. Sun and Weekly World News have ceased publication. In 2019, Pecker announced that he had agreed drop more of AMI's tabloids and sell the National Enquirer, Globe and National Examiner to Hudson News. Pecker serves on the board of directors of iPayment Holdings, Inc., Sunbeam Products, Inc. and Next Generation Network, Inc. In August 2018, after his interactions with President Donald Trump were heavily reported, Pecker resigned as a director of Postmedia Network Canada Corp., a leading Canadian media company, a position he had held since October 2016. In 2016, Pecker revealed to

This is a document about Extortion
  forum. Nintendo notified authorities and the man was arrested in Málaga. No information has been revealed as to what the man demanded from Nintendo. On February 7, 2019, Jeffrey P. Bezos, owner of Amazon and The Washington Post and currently one of the world's wealthiest people, accused the National Enquirer and its parent company American Media, Inc., of attempting to extort him by threatening to reveal nude pictures of him unless he publicly stated that he "[has] no knowledge or basis for suggesting that AMI's coverage was politically motivated or influenced by political forces." This threat was in response to Bezos investigating

This is a document about Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2018 Q3)
  Fox News, President Trump claims that "if I ever got impeached, I think the market would crash, I think everybody would be very poor". ; David Pecker, the CEO of American Media, Inc. (which owns the National Enquirer magazine), who was, along with Trump, named by Michael Cohen in his guilty plea as an un-indicted co-conspirator in campaign finance violations committed in the payments to Stormy Daniels and Karen McDougal, is granted immunity by federal prosecutors in exchange for his testimony. A report by the Associated Press indicates that, during the 2016 election, the National Enquirer hid stories to which it had gained exclusive rights, but

This is a document about Jeff Bezos phone hacking
  In January 2019, the National Enquirer released details of Bezos having conducted an affair. Bezos had security specialist Gavin de Becker lead an investigation into how the National Enquirer obtained the information. In February 2019, Bezos wrote a post on Medium, accusing The National Enquirer and its parent company American Media, Inc. (AMI) of extortion and blackmail of him with images of his affair. In the post, Bezos referenced that AMI had been investigated for "various actions they've taken on behalf of the Saudi Government", and stated that the reporting of The Washington Post on the killing of Jamal Khashoggi "is undoubtedly unpopular in certain circles". Later in February 2019, Bezos and

This is a document about Dylan Howard
  On 7 February 2019, Jeff Bezos accused Howard, The National Enquirer, AMI and its CEO David Pecker of attempted blackmail after The Enquirer exposed his extra-marital affair and released his text messages. Bezos published an email Howard had sent to his attorney describing various intimate photographs, including a "below the belt selfie" they had in their possession. In the blog post, Bezos refused to negotiate with AMI. AMI attorney Jon Fine followed the email with demands that Bezos cease an ongoing investigation of AMI's previous release of Bezos' private text messages. American Media Inc., said it "acted lawfully in the reporting of the story of Mr. Bezos. At the time of the recent allegations made by Mr. Bezos, it was in good

This is a document about New York Enquirer
  Founded in 1926, as a Sunday weekly by William Randolph Hearst protégé William Griffin, the second New York Enquirer was charged with sedition in 1942 for its editorials opposing US involvement in World War II. It was sold in 1952, converted into a tabloid and subsequently renamed The National Enquirer; see that article for more information.

This is a document about List of Jewish American businesspeople in media
  (GQ, Pitchfork, the New Yorker, Vanity Fair, Vogue, W, Wired) and American City Business Journals (ACBJ) ; Adolph Ochs (1985–1935), Arthur Hays Sulzberger (1891–1968), Arthur Ochs Sulzberger (1926–2012), the New York Times ; Norman Pearlstine (1942–), media executive, CCO at Bloomberg L.P. and Time Inc., former executive editor of the Wall Street Journal ; David J. Pecker (1951–), chairman and CEO of American Media, Inc. (National Enquirer, Us Weekly, Star, Flex, Globe, Men's Fitness) ; Marty Peretz (1938–), The New Republic ; Warren H. Phillips (1926–2019), former long-time CEO of Dow Jones & Company ; Joseph Pulitzer (1847–1911), Hungarian-born former publisher of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch and the New

The current publisher of The National Enquirer is Hudson Group, following its acquisition from American Media Inc. in 2019.


Question: who played the villain in the first paddington

Answer: Nicole Kidman

This is a document about Paddington (film)
  Paddington is a 2014 live-action animated comedy film written and directed by Paul King. It was developed from a story by King and Hamish McColl, which was based on the stories of the character Paddington Bear created by Michael Bond. Produced by David Heyman, Paddington stars Ben Whishaw as the voice of the title character, with Hugh Bonneville, Sally Hawkins, Julie Walters, Jim Broadbent, Peter Capaldi, and Nicole Kidman in live-action roles. The film tells the story of Paddington, an anthropomorphic bear who migrates from the jungles of "Darkest Peru" to the streets of London, where he is adopted by the Brown family. Kidman plays a

This is a document about Paddington (film series)
  The first film of the series was announced in September 2007, with David Heyman producing and Hamish McColl writing the screenplay. When filming began, Heyman announced the casting of Colin Firth as the voice of Paddington. Paddington is the most expensive film produced by the French production company StudioCanal. In June 2014, after principal photography had wrapped, Firth voluntarily dropped out of the film, after the studio decided his voice was not suitable for Paddington. The role was recast the following month, with Ben Whishaw signing on to voice the title role. Paddington was created using a combination of computer-generated imagery (by the British company Framestore) and animatronics. The creator of the Paddington character, Michael Bond, also appeared in a cameo in the first film, playing the role of the Kindly Gentleman.

This is a document about Paddington 2
  Paddington 2 is a 2017 live-action animated comedy film directed by Paul King and written by King and Simon Farnaby. Based on the stories of Paddington Bear, created by Michael Bond (to whom the film is also dedicated, he having died that year), it is the sequel to Paddington (2014), and is produced by Heyday Films and StudioCanal UK. The film, a British-French-Luxembourgish co-production, stars Ben Whishaw as the voice of Paddington, with Hugh Bonneville, Sally Hawkins, Brendan Gleeson, Julie Walters, Jim Broadbent, Peter Capaldi, and Hugh Grant in live-action roles. In the film, Paddington tries to get a present for his aunt's birthday, but when the gift is stolen he is wrongly arrested and imprisoned for the theft, he and his family have to find

This is a document about Hugh Grant
  He was nominated for his first individual Screen Actors Guild Award and also earned nominations for a BAFTA, a Golden Globe, a Critics' Choice Award, a Satellite Award and a European Film Award. Several critics put his work among the best acting performances of the year. Most award pundits predicted Grant would receive his first Academy Award nomination for his performance, but he was not nominated. His next appearance was as Phoenix Buchanan, a villain in the family film Paddington 2, which was a commercial and critical success. The Guardian described his performance as "scene-stealing", while IGN commented "Grant continues to make an astonishing

This is a document about Paddington (film)
 Ben Whishaw as the voice of Paddington Bear ; Hugh Bonneville as Henry Brown ; Sally Hawkins as Mary Brown ; Madeleine Harris as Judy Brown ; Samuel Joslin as Jonathan Brown ; Julie Walters as Mrs Bird ; Nicole Kidman as Millicent Clyde ; Lottie Steer as Young Millicent ; Peter Capaldi as Mr Curry ; Jim Broadbent as Samuel Gruber ; Imelda Staunton as the voice of Aunt Lucy ; Michael Gambon as the voice of Uncle Pastuzo ; Tim Downie as Montgomery Clyde ; Simon Farnaby as Barry, a security guard ; Matt Lucas as Joe ; Matt King as Andre the Thief ; Madeleine Worrall as Agatha Clyde ; Geoffrey Palmer as The Boss Geographer ; Michael Bond as The Kindly Gentleman ; Kayvan Novak as Grant

This is a document about Paddington (film)
  who attempts to add him to her collection. A British and French venture produced by StudioCanal UK, TF1, and Heyday, Paddingtons principal photography began in September 2013 and wrapped up in June 2014. Colin Firth was originally set to voice Paddington, but dropped out in post-production and was replaced by Whishaw. Paddington was released in the United Kingdom on 28 November 2014 to critical acclaim and grossed $268 million worldwide on a €38.5 (~$55) million budget. It received two nominations at the BAFTAs: for Best British Film and for Best Adapted Screenplay. A sequel, Paddington 2, followed in 2017, with King returning as director and screenwriter.

This is a document about Paddington 2
  as Spoon, an inmate ; Tom Davis as T-Bone, an inmate ; Tom Conti as Judge Gerald Biggleswade, a judge who presides over Paddington's trial, having previously been a victim of a botched haircut by Paddington. ; Sanjeev Bhaskar as Dr. Jafri ; Marie-France Alvarez as Mademoiselle Dubois ; Maggie Steed as Mrs. Gertrude Biggleswade, the wife of Gerald Biggleswade ; Richard Ayoade as a Forensic Investigator ; Meera Syal as a Prosecutor ; Enzo Squillino Jr. as Mr Giuseppe, a barber who initially employs Paddington, before firing him for botching a haircut ; Jamie Demetriou as The Professor, an inmate Main cast Voices Supporting cast

This is a document about David Jason
  Sir David John White (born 2 February 1940), known professionally by his stage name David Jason, is an English actor, comedian, screenwriter and executive producer. He is best known for his roles as Derek "Del Boy" Trotter in the BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses, Detective Inspector Jack Frost in A Touch of Frost, Granville in Open All Hours and Still Open All Hours, and Pop Larkin in The Darling Buds of May, as well as voicing Mr. Toad in The Wind in the Willows and the title characters of Danger Mouse and Count Duckula. His most recent appearance in

This is a document about Jim Broadbent
  appearing in television comedy including playing Roy Slater in the BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses. He appeared in the Terry Gilliam films Time Bandits (1981) and Brazil (1985) before a breakthrough role in Mike Leigh's independent comedy drama Life Is Sweet (1990). His notable film roles since include The Borrowers (1997), Bridget Jones's Diary (2001), The Gathering Storm (2002), Hot Fuzz (2007), Another Year (2010), The Iron Lady (2011), Arthur Christmas (2011), Cloud Atlas (2012) and Brooklyn (2015). He played Horace Slughorn in the Harry Potter film series, Archmaester Ebrose in the seventh season of the television series Game of Thrones and Samuel Gruber in the Paddington film series.

This is a document about Paddington (film)
  for the Geographers' Guild, while the other interior scenes were filmed inside Hatfield House in Hertfordshire. Museum scenes were shot at the Natural History Museum in South Kensington, and a house on Downshire Hill in Hampstead served as the home of Millicent Clyde. In June 2014, after principal photography had wrapped, Firth voluntarily dropped out of the film, after the studio decided his voice was not suitable for Paddington. The role was recast the following month, with Ben Whishaw signing on to voice the title role. Paddington was created using a combination of computer-generated imagery (by the British company Framestore) and animatronics.

This is a document about Paddington 2
  In April 2015, David Heyman, the producer of Paddington (2014), confirmed that a sequel was in development. It was also announced that Paul King would return to direct, and co-write the screenplay with Simon Farnaby. Heyman's Heyday Films, and StudioCanal, produced the film, making it a British-French co-production. By October 2016, most of the cast of Paddington — Hugh Bonneville, Sally Hawkins, Julie Walters, Jim Broadbent, Peter Capaldi, Madeleine Harris, Samuel Joslin, Ben Whishaw and Imelda Staunton — were confirmed to be returning for the sequel, joined by Hugh Grant and Brendan Gleeson. Principal photography began on 18 October 2016. Many of the domestic interiors were filmed on stages at Pinewood Studios and Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden, but producers also shot at

This is a document about Louis Partridge
  Louis made his TV acting debut in a 2014 episode of the BBC series Boomers. Before playing his breakthrough role of Tewkesbury in Enola Holmes, he had previously gained recognition as Piero de' Medici in Medici and appeared in Paddington 2.

This is a document about Jim Broadbent
  Horrocks are revealed to be the new cast with Broadbent as a Voice Trumpet in the reboot of classic British children's television series Teletubbies. Since 2016, Broadbent narrates Kevin the Carrot Christmas adverts for the UK branch of Aldi. In the 2020 advert, Broadbent portrayed Santa Claus, who was revealed to be the narrator. Broadbent has also appeared in the critically acclaimed British comedy films, Paddington (2014), and Paddington 2 (2018) alongside Hugh Bonneville, Sally Hawkins, Julie Walters, and Ben Whishaw. In 2016, he was cast in the seventh season of the HBO series Game of Thrones. In 2017 he starred in the

This is a document about Paddington Bear
  In September 2007, Warner Bros. and producer David Heyman announced a film adaptation of Paddington Bear. Hamish McColl, who penned Mr Bean's Holiday, would write the script. The film would not be an adaptation of an existing story, but "draw inspiration from the whole series" and feature a computer animated Paddington Bear interacting with a live-action environment. Colin Firth had been announced to voice Paddington, however he announced his withdrawal on 17 June 2014, saying: "It’s been bittersweet to see this delightful creature take shape and come to the sad realization that he simply doesn’t have my voice". In July 2014, it was announced that Ben Whishaw had replaced Firth. On 25 June 2012, an official teaser poster was released for the film, stating that it would be released during

This is a document about Michael Gough
  Francis Michael Gough (23 November 1916 – 17 March 2011) was a British character actor who made over 150 film and television appearances. He is known for his roles in the Hammer Horror Films from 1958, with his first role as Sir Arthur Holmwood in Dracula, and for his recurring role as Alfred Pennyworth in all four films of the Batman films from 1989 to 1997. He would appear in three more Burton films: in Sleepy Hollow, voicing Elder Gutknecht in Corpse Bride and the Dodo in Alice in Wonderland. Gough also appeared in popular British television shows, including Doctor Who, as the titular villain

This is a document about Paddington (film series)
  In April 2015, David Heyman confirmed that he would produce the second film in the franchise. It was also announced that Paul King would direct and co-write with Simon Farnaby. By October 2016, the cast of Paddington – Hugh Bonneville, Sally Hawkins, Julie Walters, Jim Broadbent, Peter Capaldi, Madeleine Harris, Samuel Joslin, Ben Whishaw and Imelda Staunton – were confirmed to be returning for the sequel, joined by new cast members Hugh Grant and Brendan Gleeson. Principal photography began in the same month. Framestore provided the visual effects for the film. Filming in Little Venice took place for three days. Filming also took place at Shepton Mallet Prison.

This is a document about The Adventures of Paddington (2019 TV series)
 Paddington Bear (voiced by Ben Whishaw) — a young, kind, Peruvian bear who moved to London after an earthquake destroyed his home. He lives with the Brown family—Henry, Mary, Judy and Jonathan—and next door to Mr. Curry. He is liked by everyone except Mr. Curry. Whishaw reprises his role from the films. ; Henry Brown (voiced by Darren Boyd) — the head of the Brown family. Initially, he detested Paddington, but began to change his view of him as time moved forward. He is the husband of Mary and the father of Judy and Jonathan. ; Mary Brown (voiced by Morwenna Banks) – the wife of Henry and the mother of Judy and Jonathan. ; Mrs. Bird (voiced by Phyllis Logan) — a distant relative of the

This is a document about Mary Poppins Returns
  Firth also voices a wolf representing Wilkins in the animated Royal Doulton Bowl sequence. ; Meryl Streep as Topsy, Mary Poppins's eccentric Eastern European cousin called Tatiana Antanasia Cositori Topotrepolovsky ("Topsy" for short) who runs a fix-it workshop in London. ; David Warner as Admiral Boom, a retired naval officer now confined to a wheelchair. Reginald Owen portrayed the character in the first movie. ; Jim Norton as Mr. Binnacle, Boom's first mate. Don Barclay portrayed the character in the original film. ; Jeremy Swift as Hamilton Gooding, a lawyer who is one of Wilkins' associates. ; Swift also voices

This is a document about National Film and Television School
 Natalie Ann Holt (Great Expectations, The Honourable Woman, Paddington) ; Trevor Jones (Richard III, Brassed Off) ; Julian Nott (Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit, The Wrong Trousers, A Grand Day Out) ; Dario Marianelli (The Brothers Grimm, V for Vendetta, Pride and Prejudice, Atonement, Anna Karenina)

This is a document about Alec Guinness
   Guinness made his speaking debut in film in the drama Great Expectations (1946). However, he was initially best associated mainly with the Ealing Comedies, and particularly for playing nine characters in Kind Hearts and Coronets (1949). Other films from this period included The Lavender Hill Mob (1951), The Man in the White Suit (1951) and The Ladykillers (1955), with all three ranked among the Best British films. In 1950 he portrayed 19th century British prime minister Benjamin Disraeli in The Mudlark, which included delivering an uninterrupted seven minute speech in Parliament. In 1952, director Ronald Neame cast Guinness in his first romantic lead role, opposite Petula

The villain in the first Paddington film was played by Nicole Kidman.