Question: a detailed accounting of the wars with persia were recorded by

Answer: Herodotus

This is a document about 449 BC
 Herodotus completes his History, which records the events concerning the Persian War.

This is a document about Military history
  The documentation of military history begins with the confrontation between Sumer (current Iraq) and Elam (current Iran) c. 2700 BC near the modern Basra. Other prominent records in military history are the Trojan War in Homer's Iliad (though its historicity has been challenged), The Histories by Herodotus (484 BC – 425 BC) who is often called the "father of history". Next was Thucydides whose impartiality, despite being an Athenian, allowed him to take advantage of his exile to research the war from different perspectives by carefully examining documents and interviewing eyewitnesses. An approach centered on the analysis of a leader was taken by Xenophon (430 BC – 355 BC) in Anabasis, recording the expedition of Cyrus the Younger into Anatolia. The records of the Roman Julius Caesar (100 BC – 44 BC) enable a comparative approach for campaigns such as Commentarii de Bello Gallico and Commentarii de Bello Civili.

This is a document about Massagetae
  Many Greek historians recorded that the Massagetae queen Tomyris "defeated and killed" Cyrus the Great (Cyrus II of Persia), founder of the Achaemenid Empire, during his invasion and attempted conquest of her country. Herodotus, who lived from approximately 484 to 425 BC, is the earliest of the classical writers to give an account of this conflict, writing almost one hundred years later, and Tomyris's history was well known and became legendary. Strabo, Polyaenus, Cassiodorus, and Jordanes also wrote of Tomyris, in De origine actibusque Getarum ("The origin and deeds of the Goths/Getae"). Cyrus and Croesus offered the Massagetae a treaty of peace via

This is a document about Battle of Opis
  The main contemporary source of information on Cyrus's Mesopotamian campaign of 539 BC is the Nabonidus Chronicle, one of a series of clay tablets collectively known as the Babylonian Chronicles that record the history of ancient Babylonia. Some additional detail is provided by one of the few documents to have survived from Cyrus's lifetime, the Cyrus Cylinder. Further information on Cyrus's campaign is provided by the later ancient Greek writers Herodotus and Xenophon, though neither mention the battle at Opis and their accounts of the campaign differ considerably from the Persian and Babylonian sources. Most scholars prefer to use the Nabonidus Chronicle as the main source on the battle, as it

This is a document about Procopius
  Procopius's Wars or History of the Wars (, Hypèr tōn Polémon Lógoi, "Words on the Wars"; De Bellis, "On the Wars") is his most important work, although less well known than the Secret History. The first seven books seem to have been largely completed by 545 and may have been published as a unit. They were, however, updated to mid-century before publication, with the latest mentioned event occurring in early 551. The eighth and final book brings the history to 553. The first two books—often known as The Persian War (De Bello Persico)—deal with the conflict between the Romans and Sassanid

This is a document about Roman–Persian Wars
  The sources for the history of Parthia and the wars with Rome are scant and scattered. The Parthians followed the Achaemenid tradition and favored oral historiography, which assured the corruption of their history once they had been vanquished. The main sources of this period are thus Roman (Tacitus, Marius Maximus, and Justin) and Greek historians (Herodian, Cassius Dio and Plutarch). The 13th book of the Sibylline Oracles narrates the effects of the Roman–Persian Wars in Syria from the reign of Gordian III to the domination of the province by Odaenathus of Palmyra. With the end of Herodian's record, all contemporary chronological narratives of Roman history are lost, until the narratives of Lactantius and Eusebius at the beginning of the 4th century, both from a Christian perspective.

This is a document about Roman–Persian Wars
  The Roman–Persian Wars, also known as the Roman–Iranian Wars, were a series of conflicts between states of the Greco-Roman world and two successive Iranian empires: the Parthian and the Sasanian. Battles between the Parthian Empire and the Roman Republic began in 54 BC; wars began under the late Republic, and continued through the Roman (later Byzantine) and Sasanian empires. Various vassal kingdoms and allied nomadic nations in the form of buffer states and proxies also played a role. The wars were ended by the Arab Muslim Conquests, which led to the fall of the Sasanian Empire and huge territorial losses for the Byzantine Empire, shortly after the end of the last war between them.

This is a document about Tomyris
  The names of Tomyris, and her son Spargapises, who was the head of her army, are of Iranian origins. Since the historians who first wrote of her were Greek, the Hellenic form of her name is used most frequently. Many Greek historians recorded that she "defeated and killed" Cyrus the Great, founder of the Achaemenid Empire, during his invasion and attempted conquest of her country. Herodotus, who lived from approximately 484 to 425 BC, is the earliest of the classical writers to give an account of her career, writing almost one hundred years later. Her history was well known and became legendary. Strabo, Polyaenus, Cassiodorus, and Jordanes also wrote of her, in De origine actibusque Getarum ("The origin and deeds of the

This is a document about Second Persian invasion of Greece
  The prevailing modern view is that Herodotus generally did a remarkable job in his Historia, but that some of his specific details (particularly troop numbers and dates) should be viewed with skepticism. Nevertheless, there are still some historians who believe Herodotus made up much of his story. The Greek historian Diodorus Siculus from Sicily, writing in the 1st century BC in his Bibliotheca Historica, also provides an account of the Greco-Persian wars, partially derived from the earlier Greek historian Ephorus. This account is fairly consistent with Herodotus's. The Greco-Persian wars are also described in less detail by a number of other ancient historians including Plutarch, Ctesias, and are alluded by other authors, such as the playwright Aeschylus. Archaeological evidence, such as the Serpent Column, also supports some of Herodotus's specific claims.

This is a document about Cyrus the Great
 The Nabonidus Chronicle of the Babylonian Chronicles ; The Verse account of Nabonidus ; The Prayer of Nabonidus (one of the Dead Sea scrolls) ; The Cyrus Cylinder Herodotus (The Histories) ; Ctesias (Persica) The biblical books of Isaiah, Daniel, Ezra and Nehemiah ; Flavius Josephus (Antiquities of the Jews) ; Thucydides (History of the Peloponnesian War) ; Plato (Laws (dialogue)) ; Xenophon (Cyropaedia) ; Quintus Curtius Rufus (Library of World History) ; Plutarchos (Plutarch's Lives) ; Fragments of Nicolaus of Damascus ; Arrian (Anabasis Alexandri) ; Polyaenus (Stratagems in War) ; Justin (Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus) ; Polybius (The Histories (Polybius)) ; Diodorus Siculus (Bibliotheca historica) ; Athenaeus (Deipnosophistae) ; Strabo (History) ; Quran (Dhul-Qarnayn, Al-Kahf)

This is a document about First Persian invasion of Greece
  events. The prevailing modern view is that Herodotus generally did a remarkable job in his Historia, but that some of his specific details (particularly troop numbers and dates) should be viewed with skepticism. Nevertheless, there are still some historians who believe Herodotus made up much of his story. The Sicilian historian Diodorus Siculus, writing in the 1st century BC in his Bibliotheca Historica, also provides an account of the Greco-Persian wars, partially derived from the earlier Greek historian Ephorus. This account is fairly consistent with Herodotus's. The Greco-Persian wars are also described in less detail by a number of other ancient historians including Plutarch, Ctesias of Cnidus, and are alluded by other authors, such as the playwright Aeschylus. Archaeological evidence, such as the Serpent Column, also supports some of Herodotus's specific claims.

This is a document about Bosporan Civil War
  The most important source on the conflict is provided by the Bibliotheca historica, book 20 chapters 22 to 24, written more than 150 years after the fact by the Greek historian Diodorus Siculus (c. 90–30 BCE). It is not known exactly when the events narrated by Diodorus happened. The war has been variously dated as having occurred during 309–308 BCE (one year long), within the year 309 BCE, during 311–310 BCE or during 310–309 BCE. In part, the difficulty in determining the period stems from the uncertainty about when king Paerisades I died: in 311 or 310 BCE.

This is a document about Peroz I
 Ghazar Parpetsi, History of the Armenians. ; Procopius, History of the Wars.

This is a document about Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley
  These events were recorded in the imperial inscriptions of the Achaemenids (the Behistun inscription and the Naqsh-i-Rustam inscription, as well as the accounts of Herodotus (483–431 BCE). The Greek Scylax of Caryanda, who had been appointed by Darius I to explore the Indian Ocean from the mouth of the Indus to Suez left an account, the Periplous, of which fragments from secondary sources have survived. Hecataeus of Miletus (circa 500 BCE) also wrote about the "Indus Satrapies" of the Achaemenids.

This is a document about First Persian invasion of Greece
  The main source for the Greco-Persian Wars is the Greek historian Herodotus. Herodotus, who has been called the 'Father of History', was born in 484 BC in Halicarnassus, Asia Minor (then under Persian overlordship). He wrote his 'Enquiries' (Greek—Historia; English—(The) Histories) around 440–430 BC, trying to trace the origins of the Greco-Persian Wars, which would still have been relatively recent history (the wars finally ending in 450 BC). Herodotus's approach was entirely novel, and at least in Western society, he does seem to have invented 'history' as we know it. As the British author Tom Holland has it: "For the first time, a chronicler set himself to trace the origins of a conflict not to a past so remote so as to be utterly fabulous, nor to the whims and wishes of some

This is a document about Battle of Artemisium
 Holland, Tom. Persian Fire. London: Abacus, 2005 (ISBN: 978-0-349-11717-1) ; Green, Peter. The Greco-Persian Wars. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1970; revised ed., 1996 (hardcover, ISBN: 0-520-20573-1); 1998 (paperback, ISBN: 0-520-20313-5). ; Lazenby, JF. The Defence of Greece 490–479 BC. Aris & Phillips Ltd., 1993 (ISBN: 0-85668-591-7) ; Fehling, D. Herodotus and His "Sources": Citation, Invention, and Narrative Art. Translated by J.G. Howie. Leeds: Francis Cairns, 1989. ; Burn, A.R., "Persia and the Greeks" in The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 2: The Median and Achaemenid Periods, Ilya Gershevitch, ed. (1985). Cambridge University Press. ; Köster, A.J. Studien zur Geschichte des Antikes Seewesens. Klio Belheft 32 (1934).

This is a document about Histories (Herodotus)
  Herodotus claims to have traveled extensively around the ancient world, conducting interviews and collecting stories for his book, almost all of which covers territories of the Persian Empire. At the beginning of The Histories, Herodotus sets out his reasons for writing it: "Here are presented the results of the enquiry carried out by Herodotus of Halicarnassus. The purpose is to prevent the traces of human events from being erased by time, and to preserve the fame of the important and remarkable achievements produced by both Greeks and non-Greeks; among the matters covered is, in particular, the cause of the hostilities between Greeks and non-Greeks." - Herodotus, The Histories

This is a document about Treaty of Gulistan
 H. Pir Nia, Abbas Eghbal Ashtiani, B. Agheli. History of Persia. Tehran, 2002. pp. 673–686. ISBN: 964-6895-16-6

This is a document about List of Roman wars and battles
 Persian wars ; 217 – Battle of Nisibis – Bloody stalemate between the Parthians and the Roman army under Emperor Macrinus. ; 231-232 - War between Ardashir I and Severus Alexander; resulted in humiliating Roman defeat and withdrawal. ; 243 – Battle of Resaena – Roman forces under Gordian III defeat the Persians under Shapur I. ; 260 – Battle of Edessa – Emperor Shapur I of Persia defeats and captures the Roman Emperor Valerian ; 296 or 297 – Battle of Carrhae – Romans under the Caesar Galerius are defeated by the Persians under Narseh. ; 298 – Battle of Satala –

This is a document about Treaty of Turkmenchay
 H. Pir Nia, Abbas Eghbal Ashtiani, B. Agheli. History of Persia. Tehran, 2002. p. 673-686. ISBN: 964-6895-16-6

The most detailed accounts of the wars between Persia and Greece were recorded by Herodotus in his "Histories," Xenophon in his "Anabasis," and Ctesias in his "Persica." However, the Babylonian Chronicle and the Nabonidus Campaign are also important primary sources for the Persian conquest of Babylon. Procopius' "History of the Wars" also provides valuable information on the Persian Wars, particularly the conflict between the Sassanid Empire and the Byzantine Empire.


Question: where is the soccer world cup taking place this year

Answer: Russia

This is a document about 2018 FIFA World Cup
  The 2018 FIFA World Cup was an international football tournament contested by men's national teams that took place between 14 June and 15 July 2018 in Russia. It was the 21st FIFA World Cup, a worldwide football tournament held once every four years. It was the eleventh time the championships had been held in Europe, and the first time they were held in Eastern Europe. At an estimated cost of over $14.2 billion, it was the most expensive World Cup to date. The tournament phase involved 32 teams, of which 31 came through qualifying competitions, while as the host nation Russia qualified automatically. Of the 32, 20 had also appeared in the 2014 event, while both Iceland and Panama made their first

This is a document about 2018 FIFA World Cup Final
  The 2018 FIFA World Cup was the 21st edition of the World Cup, FIFA's football competition for national teams, held in Russia between 14 June and 15 July 2018. Russia qualified for the finals automatically as tournament hosts, while 208 teams competed for the remaining 31 spots through qualifying rounds organised by the six FIFA confederations and held between June 2011 and November 2013. In the finals, the teams were divided into eight groups of four with each team playing each other once in a round-robin format. The two top teams from each group advanced to a knock-out phase. The defending champions from the 2014 World Cup were Germany. They were eliminated in the group phase at the 2018 event, however, finishing

This is a document about Russia 2018 FIFA World Cup bid
  2010, Russia formally pulled out of the race to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup. On December 2, 2010 Russia was chosen as the host country for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Fourteen cities are included in the current proposal, which divides them into 6 different clusters: one in the north, centered on St. Petersburg, a central cluster, centered on Moscow, a southern cluster, centered on Sochi, and the Volga River cluster. Only one city beyond the Ural Mountains is cited, Yekaterinburg. The other cities are: Kaliningrad in the north cluster, Rostov-on-Don and Krasnodar in the south cluster and Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Saransk, Samara and Volgograd in the Volga River cluster. The country

This is a document about Amin Mohammad Jamali
 2010 FIFA World Cup – South Africa ; AFC Asian Cup 2011 – Qatar ; AFC Asian Cup 2019 - UAE ; 2014 FIFA World Cup – Brazil ; 2018 FIFA World Cup – Russia ; 2012 Summer Olympic Games – London ; 2016 Summer Olympic Games – Rio de Janeiro ; 2018 Winter Olympic Games – PyeongChang ; 2011 FIFA Women World Cup – Germany ; UEFA Euro 2012 – Ukraine & Netherlands ; UEFA Euro 2016 – France ; Vogue Fashion 2015 – Dubai ; Vogue Event 2016 – Turin

This is a document about 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids
  Belgium and Netherlands, and a joint bid from Portugal and Spain. Bids for the 2022 World Cup came from Australia, Japan, Qatar, South Korea, and the United States. Indonesia's bid was disqualified due to lack of governmental support, and Mexico withdrew its bid for financial reasons. On 2 December 2010, Russia and Qatar were selected as the locations for the 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cups respectively. The selection process involved several controversies. Two members of the FIFA Executive Committee had their voting rights suspended following allegations that they would accept money in exchange for votes. More allegations of vote buying arose after Qatar's win was announced. Eleven of the 22 committee members who voted on the 2018 and 2022 tournaments have been fined, suspended, banned for life or prosecuted for corruption.

This is a document about World tango dance tournament
  with man, or woman with woman) to enter the competition. The World Cup competition is the final leg of a series of pre-competitions held around the world starting from March. Traditionally the city of Buenos Aires and various municipalities choose their own "Municipal" champions who get wildcards into the final rounds. The same wildcard advantage is also given to national or regional champions of recognized competitions; These include Uruguay (UY), Chile (Cali, CL), Colombia (Bogota, CO), Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, BR), USA (San Francisco, US), Russia (Moscow, RU), China (Nanjing, CN), Japan (Tokyo, JP), Korea (Seoul, KR), France (Paris, FR), United Kingdom (London, UK), EU (Campeonato Europeo, Italy). New municipalities in 2016: Turkey and the region (Istanbul, TR). The first

This is a document about 2030 FIFA World Cup
  as of 2017, the 2030 World Cup cannot be held in Asia (AFC), as its members are excluded from the bidding following the selection of Qatar in 2022, and in North America (CONCACAF), where the 2026 edition will be hosted in Canada, Mexico and the United States. The joint bid by Argentina and Uruguay was announced on 29 July 2017. Before a match between Uruguay and Argentina in Montevideo four weeks later, Uruguay's Luis Suárez and Argentina's Lionel Messi – then teammates at FC Barcelona – promoted the bid with commemorative shirts. On 31 August 2017, it was suggested Paraguay would join as a third host. CONMEBOL, the South American confederation, confirmed the joint

This is a document about 2014 FIFA World Cup
  The 2014 FIFA World Cup (Brazilian Portuguese: Copa do Mundo FIFA de 2014) was the 20th FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial world championship for men's national football teams organised by FIFA. It took place in Brazil from 12 June to 13 July 2014, after the country was awarded the hosting rights in 2007. It was the second time that Brazil staged the competition, the first being in 1950, and the fifth time that it was held in South America. Fans and pundits alike consider this edition of the World Cup to be one of the greatest ever held. 31 national teams advanced through qualification competitions to join the host nation in the final tournament

This is a document about FIFA World Cup
  The FIFA World Cup, often simply called the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The championship has been awarded every four years since the inaugural tournament in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946 when it was not held because of the Second World War. The current champion is France, which won its second title at the 2018 tournament in Russia. The current format involves a qualification phase, which takes place over the preceding three years, to determine which teams qualify for the tournament phase. In the tournament

This is a document about 2018 FIFA World Cup seeding
  The draw for the 2018 FIFA World Cup took place on 1 December 2017 at the State Kremlin Palace in Moscow, Russia. It determined the group in which each of the 32 qualified national teams will play in at the start of the tournament. The teams were divided into four pots of eight, with one team selected from each pot to form a group. Unlike previous editions of the World Cup, all pots were determined by each national team's October 2017 FIFA World Ranking, with Pot 1 containing the highest-ranked teams, Pot 2 containing the next highest-ranked teams, and so on until Pot 4,

This is a document about 2014 FIFA World Cup Final
  The 2014 FIFA World Cup was the 20th edition of the World Cup, FIFA's football competition for national teams, held in Brazil between 12 June and 13 July 2014. Brazil qualified for the finals automatically as tournament hosts, and 203 teams competed for the remaining 31 spots through qualifying rounds organised by the six FIFA confederations and held between June 2011 and November 2013. In the finals, the teams were divided into eight groups of four with each team playing each other once in a round-robin format. The two top teams from each group advanced to a knock-out phase. The defending champions from the 2010 World Cup were Spain, who had achieved three successive victories in

This is a document about 2022 FIFA World Cup
  The 2022 FIFA World Cup (كأس العالم لكرة القدم ٢٠٢٢) is scheduled to be the 22nd running of the FIFA World Cup competition, the quadrennial international men's football championship contested by the national teams of the member associations of FIFA. It is scheduled to take place in Qatar from 21 November to 18 December 2022. This will be the first World Cup ever to be held in the Arab world, and it will be the second World Cup held entirely in Asia after the 2002 tournament was held in South Korea and Japan. In addition, the tournament will be the last to involve 32 teams, with an increase to 48 teams scheduled for the 2026 tournament in the United States, Mexico, and Canada. The reigning World Cup champions are France. Due to

This is a document about 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup
   The 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup was the 10th and final edition of the FIFA Confederations Cup, a quadrennial international men's football tournament organised by FIFA. It was held in Russia, from 17 June to 2 July 2017, as a prelude to the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Russia was announced as the host on 2 December 2010 after the country was awarded the hosting rights of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The matches were played in four stadiums in four cities: Saint Petersburg, Moscow, Kazan, and Sochi. It was the first time Russia had hosted the tournament, and the third time the Confederations Cup was held in the European continent. As hosts, Russia qualified automatically for the tournament; they were joined by the six winners of

This is a document about 2018 FIFA World Cup
  FIFA, through several companies, sold the broadcasting rights for the 2018 FIFA World Cup to various local broadcasters. After having tested the technology at limited matches of the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, and the 2014 FIFA World Cup (via private tests and public viewings in the host city of Rio de Janeiro), the 2018 World Cup was the first World Cup in which all matches were produced in 4K ultra high definition. Host Broadcast Services (HBS) stated that at least 75% of the broadcast cut of each match would come from 4K cameras (covering the majority of main angles), with instant replays and some camera angles

This is a document about FIFA World Cup hosts
  interest included Australia, England, Indonesia, Japan, Qatar, Russia, South Korea, United States, the joint bid of Spain and Portugal and the joint bid of Belgium and Netherlands. The hosts for both World Cups were announced by the FIFA Executive Committee on 2 December 2010. Russia was selected to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup, making it the first time that the World Cup will be hosted in Eastern Europe and making it the biggest country geographically to host the World Cup. Qatar was selected to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup, making it the first time a World Cup will be held in the Arab World and the second time in Asia since the 2002 tournament in South Korea and Japan. Also, the decision made it the smallest country geographically to host the World Cup.

This is a document about 2018 FIFA World Cup Final
  The 2018 FIFA World Cup Final was the final match of the 2018 World Cup, the 21st edition of FIFA's competition for national football teams. The match was played at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, Russia, on 15 July 2018, and was contested by France and Croatia. The tournament comprised hosts Russia and 31 other teams who emerged from the qualification phase, organised by the six FIFA confederations. The 32 teams competed in a group stage, from which 16 teams qualified for the knockout stage. En route to the final, France finished first in Group C, with two wins and

This is a document about Bubble football
  In May 2018, the first ever World Cup took place in Shoreditch, London, with the finals taking place at Wembley. Nations who attended the world cup include Finland, Brazil, Portugal, and Spain.

This is a document about 2018 FIFA World Cup squads
  The 2018 FIFA World Cup was an international football tournament held in Russia from 14 June to 15 July 2018. The 32 national teams involved in the tournament were required to register a squad of 23 players, including three goalkeepers. Only players in these squads were eligible to take part in the tournament. A provisional list of 35 players per national team was submitted to FIFA by 14 May 2018, one month prior to the opening match of the tournament. From the preliminary squad, the final list of 23 players per national team was submitted to FIFA by 4 June, 10 days prior to the opening match of the tournament. FIFA published

This is a document about 2019 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup
  the tournament would take place in Paraguay in the city of Luque, near the capital, Asunción, between 21 November and 1 December 2019. Fifteen teams advanced through preliminary continental qualification competitions, which started in September 2018 and ended in July 2019, to join the hosts in the final tournament which included Belarus as the sole team making their debut at the finals and notably saw the third placed team of the previous edition, Iran, fail to qualify. This was the first FIFA tournament to be hosted by Paraguay, the first edition of the World Cup held in South America since 2007, and the first time a landlocked country hosted beach soccer's principal event. Following two narrow loses, hosts Paraguay were eliminated at the group stage. Brazil were the defending champions, but were

This is a document about Sports in Asia
  East Asian have been dominant, especially Japan, China and North Korea. Asia has been more successful in women's football than in men's football in the continent. The 2002 FIFA World Cup was hosted jointly by Japan and South Korea. It was the first edition not held in Europe or the Americas. The 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup was hosted by India. The 2022 FIFA World Cup is scheduled to take place in Qatar, but it was announced that it could be cancelled for bribery during the bidding process. The People's Republic of China hosted the first edition of the FIFA Women's World Cup in 1991, as well as the 2007 edition.

The 2018 FIFA World Cup took place in Russia.


Question: who wrote the original you are my sunshine

Answer: Paul Rice

This is a document about You Are My Sunshine
  On January 30, 1940, "You Are My Sunshine" was copyrighted by Jimmie Davis and Charles Mitchell, and published by Southern Music Publishing Co., Inc. of New York. The pair recorded it on February 5, 1940, at Decca Studios in New York. Both received song-writing credit, and when the copyright was renewed on February 2, 1967, both names were on it. Southern Music Publishing Co., Inc. is still run by the Peer Family, though BMI now lists it under American Performing Rights Society, Inc., also known by its acronym, APRS, c/o Peermusic.

This is a document about You Are My Sunshine
  day in 1939 - no one seems to remember the exact date - Charles Mitchell and Jimmie Davis called the station KWKH to see Paul Rice (who was playing there at the time). Paul’s wife was in the hospital and he needed cash to pay her bills. He sold 'Sunshine' to Davis and Mitchell for $35. Each put in 17.50." Paul Rice said: "I wrote 'You Are my Sunshine' in 1937. Where I got the idea for it, a girl over in South Carolina wrote me this long letter - it was long about seventeen pages. And she was talking about how I was her sunshine. I got the idea for the song and put a tune

This is a document about You Are My Sunshine
  "You Are My Sunshine" is a song copyrighted and published by Jimmie Davis and Charles Mitchell in 1940. According to BMI, it has been recorded by more than 350 artists, and translated into 30 languages. In 1977, the Louisiana State Legislature decreed that "You Are My Sunshine" would be a state song, to honor two-time governor Jimmie Davis.

This is a document about You Are My Sunshine
  it." According to Rice, "At least 20 people claimed to have written ‘You Are My Sunshine.’ I had a gal write me from California that she wrote it." Davis lived to be 101 years old, and gave a number of conflicting accounts. When interviewed by Dorothy Horstman for her 1975 book 'Sing Your Heart Out Country Boy,' he didn’t claim authorship of the song, but instead related its history of popularity. Tony Russell states, "Though Mitchell's name appears on the copyright listing, he had already sold his half share to Davis." This is not reflected in the records of the United States Copyright Archives, which give the name, date and renewal number, "Charles Mitchell (A); 2Feb67; R403742".

This is a document about Jimmie Rodgers (country singer)
  anniversary of Rodgers' death. A song "Chemirocha III" collected by ethnomusicologist Hugh Tracey in 1950 from the Kipsigis tribe was written in honor of Jimmie Rodgers. The song's title is an approximation of the musician's name. According to legend, tribe members were exposed to Rodgers' music through British soldiers during World War II. Impressed by his yodeling, they envisioned Rodgers as "a faun, half-man and half-antelope." Both Gene Autry and future Louisiana governor Jimmie Davis (said to have been author of "You Are My Sunshine") began their careers as Jimmie Rodgers copyists, and Merle Haggard, Hank Snow, and Lefty Frizzell later did tribute albums. Haggard's, titled Same Train,

This is a document about Jimmie Davis
  the end of his life, Davis never denied or repudiated those records. In 1999, "You Are My Sunshine" was honored with a Grammy Hall of Fame Award, and the Recording Industry Association of America named it one of the Songs of the Century. "You Are My Sunshine" was ranked in 2003 as No. 73 on CMT's 100 Greatest Songs in Country Music. Until his death, Davis insisted that he wrote the song. Virginia Shehee, a Shreveport businesswoman, philanthropist, and state senator, introduced legislation to designate "You Are My Sunshine" as the official state song. The song was reportedly written for Elizabeth Selby, a resident of Urbana, Illinois and housemother

This is a document about Smile (The Beach Boys album)
  Also known as "My Only Sunshine", the track is a medley of the standards "The Old Master Painter" and "You Are My Sunshine". Dennis Wilson sang the lead on "You Are My Sunshine". In 2005, Wilson wrote that the rendition of "The Old Master Painter" was brief because he could not remember the full song. In January 1967, the track's ending was repurposed as the ending of "Heroes and Villains", minus the "when skies are gray" vocals.

This is a document about Charles Mitchell (songwriter)
  Charles Mitchell is a songwriter, best known as a collaborator with Jimmie Davis. Davis's best-known composition, "You Are My Sunshine", published in 1939 was co-written by Mitchell.

This is a document about Heroes and Villains
  should play as though they're far away, as the lyric suggests. Reflective of the spiritual themes recurring throughout the Smile songs, "The Old Master Painter" is a song that evokes God in its lyrics. "You Are My Sunshine" ends with a string section descending to a low discordance where Brian used the adjectives "snappy" and "draggy" to instruct session players. The master take for "You Are My Sunshine" was spliced out of the original reel so that Dennis Wilson could add a lead vocal. In 1968, a mono mixdown of the tape was created, but as of 2004, the original master had gone missing from the band's archives.

This is a document about You Are My Sunshine
  "You Are My Sunshine" was one of Jimmie Davis' biggest-selling records (one source claims it was "among the top five country music recordings of that year"), and it has enjoyed continual success ever since. In 1940, the Vocalion version by Bob Atcher and Bonnie Blue Eyes, released in February, went to number 1 on the embryonic Billboard Top Hillbilly Recordings of the Month (July 27, 1940, issue). Perhaps thanks to the popularity of the Davis and Atcher versions, the original 1939 recording by The Pine Ridge Boys peaked at number 4 on October 26, 1940. Wayne King and his Orchestra recorded the first version to hit the popular music chart on September 4, and reached number 19 on November 9, 1940. On March 14, 1941, the Gene Autry movie "Back In The Saddle" debuted, with Autry

This is a document about Do You Know You Are My Sunshine
  "Do You Know You Are My Sunshine" is a song written by Don Reid and Harold Reid, and recorded by American country music group The Statler Brothers. It was released in March 1978 as the first single from the album Entertainers...On and Off the Record. The song was The Statler Brothers' twenty-seventh country hit and the first of four number ones on the country chart, as well as the group's only number one with original tenor Lew DeWitt. The single stayed at number one for two weeks and spent a total of eleven weeks on the country chart.

This is a document about You Are My Sunshine
  drawing up lists to honor the best music of the 20th century. On September 2, 1992, Country America magazine designated "You Are My Sunshine" 35th on its Top 100 Country Songs of All-Time list. Next, it was among the pre-1950 records selected to join the Grammy Hall of Fame on February 24, 1999, On June 17, Groundbreaking ceremonies were held for the new Country Music Hall of Fame in downtown Nashville, and the event included a guitar marching band, led by Chet Atkins, playing "Wildwood Flower" and "You Are My Sunshine." In 2000, the Songwriter's Hall of Fame chose Davis' version of "You Are My

This is a document about Flowers & Football Tops
  heard about the murder of Kriss Donald. It's about a kid who never made it home." The title is a reference to the practice common in Britain of laying shirts of the deceased's preferred football team alongside wreaths of flowers. The flowers and footballs tops may be laid at the graveside, or - as is often the case with a violent death - at the place where they died. "Flowers & Football Tops" contains a reconfigured segment of the song "You Are My Sunshine," written by Charles Mitchell and Jimmie Davis. The green-coloured 7" single for "Flowers & Football Tops" includes live tracks recorded on 16 December 2008 at Glasgow's Barrowlands, while the black vinyl single features

This is a document about Donny Osmond
  Andy Williams' father, Jay Emerson Williams, saw the Osmond Brothers (Alan, Wayne, Merrill and Jay) perform on a Disneyland televised special as a barbershop quartet. In short order, the group was invited to audition for The Andy Williams Show. Williams initially had reservations about featuring children on the program, however, encouraged by his father to try them out, they proved in a short period of time to become an asset to the program, and soon became regulars on the show and gained popularity quickly. In 1963, Donny Osmond made his debut on the show at the age of five singing "You Are My Sunshine". The brothers continued to perform on the show throughout the 1960s along with a visit from their sister Marie. Osmond became a teen idol

This is a document about List of Hot R&B Singles number ones of 1963
  No official explanation has ever been given as to why Billboard ceased producing R&B charts. Chart historian Joel Whitburn has contended that "there was so much crossover of titles between the R&B and pop singles (Hot 100) charts that Billboard considered the charts to be too similar". In the issue of Billboard dated January 5, Esther Phillips moved up to number one with her version of "Release Me" displacing the final chart-topper of 1962, "You Are My Sunshine" by Ray Charles, but Charles' version of the country song returned to the top of the chart the following week. The year's longest-running number one was "Fingertips (Part

This is a document about You Are My Sunshine
  to receive it's Towering Song Award The National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) and the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) published their list of the top 365 "Songs Of The Century" on March 7, 2001, and "You Are My Sunshine" placed #14. The Country Music Foundation published "Heartaches By The Number," celebrating country's "500 greatest singles," on March 14, 2003, with "You Are My Sunshine" by Jimmie Davis on the list. On June 8, 2003, it ranked #73 on CMT's "100 Greatest Songs Of Country Music." On March 21, 2013, the National Recording Registry of the Library of Congress added it for long-term preservation.

This is a document about Super Sunshine
 All songs composed by Gary Chaw; "Super Sunshine" contains sample of Jimmie Davis' composition (or Traditional Ukrainian folk melody) "You Are My Sunshine"; "你的歌" contains samples of previously Gary Chaw's own songs. ; Lyricists are listed below. ; 1) Super Sunshine Lyricist: 阿丹 ; 2) 起床歌 Lyricists: Gary Chaw/阿丹 ; 3) 無辜 Lyricist: 王中言 ; 4) 妹妹要快樂 Lyricist: 鄔裕康 ; 5) 吹吹風 Lyricists: Gary Chaw/阿丹 ; 6) 奈斯男孩 Lyricist: 阿丹 ; 7) 單數 Lyricist: 李焯雄 ; 8) 愛到最後一秒也不委屈 Lyricist: 姚謙 ; 9) 愛愛 Lyricist: 鄔裕康 ; 10) 愛的弧度 Lyricist: 林夕 ; 11) 你的歌 Lyricist: Gary Chaw

This is a document about You Are My Sunshine
  The Pine Ridge Boys recorded the song under the title "You Are My Sunshine" on August 22, 1939, and released it on October 6 for Bluebird Records (Victor's budget label). "The Boys" (Marvin Taylor and Doug Spivey) were from Atlanta, which is where the recording was made. No songwriter was listed. The Rice Brothers' Gang recorded the song next for Decca, on September 13, 1939, and released it the following month. This group was originally from Northern Georgia, but relocated to Shreveport, LA, where they performed on the radio station KWKH. The songwriter was listed as "Paul Rice".

This is a document about Peermusic
  US radio stations led to the inauguration of the rival Broadcast Music Incorporated (BMI). BMI supported music by blues, country and hillbilly artists, and Peer, through his Peer International Corporation, soon contributed a major part of BMI's catalogue. During and after World War II Peer published songs such as "Deep in the Heart of Texas " and "You Are My Sunshine" (sung by Jimmie Davis, covered by Bing Crosby and many others), "Humpty Dumpty Heart" (Glenn Miller), "You're Nobody till Somebody Loves You" (Russ Morgan), "The Three Caballeros" (the Andrews Sisters), "Say a Prayer for the Boys Over There" (Deanna Durbin), and "I Should

This is a document about 1935 in British music
 "Fanlight Fanny", words & music by George Formby, Harry Gifford and Frederick E. Cliffe ; "Men About Town", words & music by Noël Coward ; "Mrs Worthington", words & music by Noël Coward ; "The Canoe Song", by Mischa Spoliansky (sung by Paul Robeson in the film Sanders of the River) ; "Where the Arches Used To Be", by D. O'Connor and K. Russell, performed by Flanagan and Allen ; "Who's Been Polishing The Sun", words & music by Noel Gay

The original "You Are My Sunshine" was written by Jimmie Davis and Charles Mitchell.


Question: when did the first generation kindle fire come out

Answer: November 15 , 2011

This is a document about Amazon Fire
  The Kindle Fire—which includes access to the Amazon Appstore, streaming movies and TV shows, and the Kindle Store for e-books—was released to consumers in the United States on November 14, 2011, after being announced on September 28. On September 7, 2012, upgrades to the device were announced with consumer availability to those European countries with a localised version of Amazon's website (United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy and Spain). The original Kindle Fire retailed for US$199 in 2011. Estimates of the device's initial bill of materials cost ranged from $150 to $202. Amazon's business strategy was stated in 2011 as making money through sales of digital content on the Fire, rather than through sales of the device

This is a document about Amazon Fire
   The Amazon Fire, formerly called the Kindle Fire, is a line of tablet computers developed by Amazon. Built with Quanta Computer, the Kindle Fire was first released in November 2011; it features a color 7-inch multi-touch display with IPS technology and running a custom version of Google's Android operating system called Fire OS. The Kindle Fire HD followed in September 2012, and the Kindle Fire HDX in September 2013. In September 2014, when the fourth-generation was introduced, the name "Kindle" was dropped. In September 2015, the fifth-generation Fire 7 was released, followed by the sixth-generation Fire HD 8, in September 2016. The seventh-generation Fire 7 was released in June 2017. The ninth-generation Fire 7 was released in June 2019. On the later model, the Fire tablet is also able to convert into Smart speaker turning on the "Show Mode" options, which the primary interaction will be by voice command through Alexa.

This is a document about Amazon Kindle
  Amazon released the Kindle, its first e-reader on November 19, 2007, for $399. It sold out in 5.5 hours. The device remained out of stock for five months until late April 2008. The device featured a six-inch (diagonal) four-level grayscale E Ink display, with 250 MB of internal storage, which can hold approximately 200 non-illustrated titles. It also has a speaker and a headphone jack for listening to audio files. It has expandable storage via an SD card slot. Content was available from Amazon via the Sprint Corporation US-wide EVDO 3G data network, via a dedicated connection protocol which Amazon called Whispernet. Amazon did not sell the first-generation Kindle outside of the US.

This is a document about Timeline of United States inventions (after 1991)
  co-invented in 2007 by Chinese-American Dr. Yi Cui, an assistant professor of materials science and engineering along with his colleagues at Stanford University. The iPhone is a line of smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc. All generations of the iPhone use Apple's iOS mobile operating system software. The first-generation iPhone was released on June 29, 2007, and multiple new hardware iterations with new iOS releases have been released since. In 2007, Amazon released the original Amazon Kindle e-book reader. While not the first of its kind, the Kindle led the charge to popularizing e-books and e-readers. A bionic contact lens is a

This is a document about List of Amazon products and services
   In November 2007, Amazon launched the Kindle, an e-reader which downloads content over "Whispernet", via Sprint's EV-DO wireless network. The screen uses E Ink technology to reduce battery consumption and to provide a more legible display. As of July 2014, there are over 2.7 million e-books available for purchase at the Kindle Store. Starting in 2012 Amazon began offering differing models within generations of its readers starting with the Paperwhite, Voyage, and most recently the Oasis 2 released in October 2017. In September 2011, Amazon announced its entry into the tablet computer market by introducing the Kindle Fire, which runs a customized fork of the Android operating system.

This is a document about Amazon Kindle
  The fourth-generation Kindle and the Kindle Touch were announced on September 28, 2011. They retain the 6-inch, 167-PPI e-ink display of the 2010 Kindle model, with the addition of an infrared touch-screen control on the Touch. They also include Amazon's experimental web-browsing capability with Wi-Fi. On the same date, Amazon announced the Kindle Fire, a tablet computer including a Kindle app; in September 2014, Kindle was dropped from the Amazon Fire's name.

This is a document about Amazon Appstore
  The Amazon Appstore opened on March 22, 2011 and was made available in nearly 200 countries. Developers are paid 70% of the list price of the app or in-app purchase. On September 28, 2011, Amazon launched the first Kindle Fire tablet. The tablet, designed for media consumption in the Amazon ecosystem, relied solely on the Amazon Appstore for its marketplace, eschewing Google Play. Alongside the tablet was a new design for the Amazon Appstore, intended to better integrate with the tablet's user interface. Further devices in the Amazon Fire family have been regularly released, that all use the Amazon Appstore. In May 2013, Amazon introduced Amazon Coins as a form of payment for purchasing apps, games, and in-app purchases from

This is a document about Amazon Fire
  , the Kindle Fire was the second best selling tablet after Apple's iPad, with about 7 million units sold according to estimates by Forrester Research and Amazon's tablets were the fourth best selling. On September 6, 2012, the Kindle Fire was upgraded to the second generation, and its price was reduced to US$159, RAM upgraded to 1 GB and processor clock speed upgraded to 1.2 GHz. A more powerful and video-friendly version, the Kindle Fire HD (7 and 8.9 inch versions) was also made available, initially priced at $199 and $299. On September 25, 2013, the Kindle Fire HD was upgraded as the third generation Fire, priced at US$139, and the Kindle Fire HDX was introduced.

This is a document about Amazon Kindle
  Amazon announced the third-generation Kindle, later renamed "Kindle Keyboard", on July 28, 2010. Amazon began accepting pre-orders for the Kindle Keyboard as soon as it was announced and began shipping the devices on August 27, 2010. On August 25, Amazon announced that the Kindle Keyboard was the fastest-selling Kindle ever. While Amazon does not officially add numbers to the end of each Kindle denoting its generation, reviewers, customers and press companies often referred to this Kindle as the "K3" or the "Kindle 3". The Kindle Keyboard has a 6-inch screen with a resolution of 600x800 (167 PPI). The Kindle Keyboard was available in two versions. One of these, the Kindle Wi-Fi, was initially priced at $139 and connects to the Internet via Wi-Fi networks. The other version, called the Kindle

This is a document about Amazon Kindle
  Amazon announced an upgraded basic Kindle and the Kindle Voyage on September 18, 2014. The Kindle 7 was released on October 2, 2014 ($80 ad-supported, $100 no ads). It is the first basic Kindle to use a touchscreen for navigating within books and to have a 1 GHz CPU. It is also the first basic Kindle available in international markets such as India, Japan and China. Amazon claims that a single charge lasts up to 30 days if used for 30 minutes a day without using Wi-Fi.

This is a document about Ebook
  MIT professor Joseph Jacobson, as well as Jeremy Rubin and Russ Wilcox to create an electronic printing technology. This technology is later used on the displays of the Sony Reader, Barnes & Noble Nook, and Amazon Kindle. ; 1998[[Image:cybook gen1.jpeg|180px|thumb|Bookeen's Cybook Gen1]] ; NuvoMedia releases the first handheld e-reader, the Rocket eBook. ; SoftBook launches its SoftBook reader. This e-reader, with expandable storage, could store up to 100,000 pages of content, including text, graphics and pictures. ; The Cybook is sold and manufactured at first by Cytale (1998–2003) and later by Bookeen. ; 1999 ; The NIST releases the Open eBook

This is a document about List of Amazon products and services
  low pricing of Fire (US$199) was widely perceived as a strategy backed by Amazon's revenue from its content sales, to be stimulated by access to Fire tablets. In September 2012, Amazon unveiled the second generation tablet, called the Kindle Fire HD. On September 25, 2013, Amazon.com unveiled its third generation tablet, called the Kindle Fire HDX. In April 2014, Amazon announced its Amazon Fire TV set-top box system, a device targeted to compete with such systems like Apple TV or Google's Chromecast device. The Amazon set-top box allows for streaming videos from sites like Amazon's own streaming service as well as others such as Netflix or Hulu. The

This is a document about Fire HD
  The first Fire HD model was announced on September 6, 2012, and was available in two versions: 7" and 8.9". The 7" model was released in United States on September 14, then France, Germany, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom on October 25 and in Japan on December 18. The 8.9" model was released on November 20 in United States, in Japan on March 12, 2013, in Germany on March 13, and in India on June 27. On September 25, 2013, the Fire HD second generation was released. The price of the Fire HD 7" was reduced to $139, the processor speed was

This is a document about Amazon Fire
  consecutive reading and up to 7.5 hours of video playback with wireless off; later generations all offered around 7–8 hours Of the 8 GB internal storage available in the first-generation Kindle Fire, approximately 6.5 GB was available for content. The first-generation Kindle Fire has a sensor on the upper left-hand corner of the screen. This was widely considered to be an ambient-light sensor, disabled since an early software upgrade. Colour display technologies consume much more power than monochrome electronic paper (E-ink) types; Fire offer a typical battery life of 8 hours of mixed usage, while monochrome Kindles offer 15 to 30 hours' use without WiFi—"battery lasts weeks on a single charge"—with a much lower-capacity battery.

This is a document about Fire Phone
  The Fire Phone is a 3D-enabled smartphone developed by Amazon and manufactured by Foxconn. It was announced on June 18, 2014, and marked Amazon's first foray into the smartphone market, following the success of the Kindle Fire. It was available for pre-order on the day it was announced. In the United States, it launched as an AT&T exclusive on July 25. The phone was notable for its hallmark feature "Dynamic Perspective": using four front-facing cameras and the gyroscope to track the user's movements, the OS adjusts the UI so it gives the impression of depth and 3D. Other notable Amazon services on the phone included X-Ray, used for identifying and finding information about

This is a document about Amazon Kindle
  January 2011, Amazon announced that digital books were outselling their traditional print counterparts for the first time ever on its site, with an average of 115 Kindle editions being sold for every 100 paperback editions. In December 2011, Amazon announced that customers had purchased "well over" one million Kindles per week since the end of November 2011; this includes all available Kindle models and also the Kindle Fire tablet. IDC estimated that the Kindle Fire sold about 4.7 million units during the fourth quarter of 2011. Pacific Crest estimated that the Kindle Fire models sold six million units during Q4 2012. Morgan Stanley estimates that Amazon sold $3.57 billion worth of Kindle e-readers and tablets in 2012, $4.5 billion in Kindle device sales in 2013 and $5 billion in Kindle device sales in 2014.

This is a document about Amazon Fire TV
  the entry-level Fire TV Stick Lite, the standard Fire TV Stick, and the high-end Fire TV Stick 4K (the last of which effectively replaced the third-generation Fire TV with 4K Ultra HD "pendant"  ). The first-generation Fire TV device was unveiled on April 2, 2014. The second-generation version was released in 2015, with additional Fire TV devices released on regular basis since. In March 2016, Amazon began collaborating with television set manufacturers to include the Amazon Fire OS and Fire TV interface built-in with televisions sold to the public, labeled as Fire TV Edition. In September 2018, Amazon extended the use of the Fire TV brand to the Fire TV Recast, an over-the-air television digital video recorder exclusively for viewing use with Fire TV and Amazon Echo Show devices.

This is a document about Tablet computer
  Mini tablets are smaller and weigh less than slates, with typical screen sizes between 7-8 in. The first commercially successful mini tablets were introduced by Amazon.com (Kindle Fire), Barnes & Noble (Nook Tablet), and Samsung (Galaxy Tab) in 2011; and by Google (Nexus 7) in 2012. They operate identically to ordinary tablets but have lower specifications compared to them. On September 14, 2012, Amazon, Inc. released an upgraded version of the Kindle Fire, the Kindle Fire HD, with higher screen resolution and more features compared to its predecessor, yet remaining only 7 inches. In October 2012, Apple released the iPad

This is a document about Amazon Fire
  Customers began receiving Kindle Fires on November 15, 2011; in December 2012, customers had purchased over a million Kindle devices per week. International Data Corporation (IDC) estimated that the Kindle Fire sold about 4.7 million units during the fourth quarter of 2011. The Amazon Kindle Fire helped the company beat their 2012 first quarter estimates and boosted the company's stock in extended trading. As of May 2013, about 7 million units had been sold according to estimates. Statistics for FY2014 or Q1&2 2015 are not yet available.

This is a document about Kobo eReader
  Kobo Inc. announced its first e-reader on 24 March 2010, at the CTIA show. The device was officially released on 1 May 2010. It had expandable memory, holding an additional 4 GB via an SD slot and limited wireless connectivity via Bluetooth to select Blackberry wireless devices. It was available in black or white and came preloaded with 100 public domain books. It was manufactured by Netronix Inc., a Taiwan based company with factories in Taiwan and China. The pricing strategy of the original Kobo, at US$149, was to rival the Amazon Kindle, which was US$110 more expensive. However, in June 2010, just after the Kobo was released, Amazon

The first generation Kindle Fire was released on November 15, 2011.


Question: who played the mom on wizards of waverly place

Answer: Canals - Barrera

This is a document about Wizards of Waverly Place (season 1)
  The first season of Wizards of Waverly Place aired on Disney Channel from October 12, 2007 to August 31, 2008. The season introduces the Russo children, Alex (Selena Gomez), Justin (David Henrie), and Max Russo (Jake T. Austin) as they compete to become the leading wizard in their family. Maria Canals Barrera and David DeLuise star as their parents and Jennifer Stone co-stars as Alex's best friend, Harper Finkle. Guest stars and recurring cast include: Amanda Tepe as Monotone Woman, Skyler Samuels as Gigi Hollingsworth, Bill Chott as Mr. Laritate, Daryl Sabara as T.J. Taylor, Brian Kubach as Riley, Shane Lyons as Manny Kin, Eric Allan Kramer as Coach Gunderson, Chelsea Staub as Kari Landsdorf, Sara Paxton as Millie, Julie Brown as Ms. Angela and Jeff Garlin as Uncle Kelbo.

This is a document about Caroline Spencer
  On February 7, 2012, it was announced that Joanna Johnson would reprise the role of Karen Spencer and would be arriving alongside her never-before-heard-of-and-seen daughter Caroline, the namesake of deceased twin sister Caroline Spencer. It was announced that actress Linsey Godfrey was cast into the new role. Godfrey is known for her roles on several television series such as NCIS, One Tree Hill, and Wizards of Waverly Place. The character, while unknown to viewers, would be acknowledged and known to those on-screen. In April 2012, it was announced that Crystal Chappell would enter the cast of the series as Caroline's second mother, in the series' first ever lesbian storyline. Godfrey has a tattoo to symbolize her successful

This is a document about Wizards of Waverly Place
  Wizards of Waverly Place is an American fantasy teen sitcom created by Todd J. Greenwald that aired on Disney Channel for four seasons between October 2007 and January 2012. The series centers on Alex Russo (portrayed by Selena Gomez), a teenage wizard living in Greenwich Village, Manhattan, who undertakes training alongside her siblings, Justin and Max, who are also equipped with magical abilities. The siblings are trained knowing that one day they will compete to win sole custody of their family's powers. Episodes deal with Alex's challenges in keeping her secret powers hidden, while she deals with the social and personal issues of her youth. She frequently uses magic in her everyday life, sometimes irresponsibly, and hones her supernatural abilities while doing so. While the series contains fantasy

This is a document about Kate Flannery
  Flannery appeared as the alcoholic, divorced, single mother Meredith Palmer on the television comedy The Office. Before The Office, she made appearances on The Bernie Mac Show, Boomtown, Curb Your Enthusiasm, and Jimmy Kimmel Live!. In 2008, Flannery was a talent scout on Last Comic Standing with her Office costar Brian Baumgartner, and she appeared with the cast of The Office on Celebrity Family Feud. In 2010, she played Harper's mom on the Disney Channel's Wizards of Waverly Place as Elaine Finkle. Flannery also appeared as a judge in a 2009 episode of Iron Chef America. She also appeared on The Jay Leno Show portraying Wendy in a skit at the time of the burger chain's 40th anniversary. She was a contestant on 19 episodes of

This is a document about Wizards of Waverly Place (season 2)
  The second season of Wizards of Waverly Place aired on Disney Channel from September 12, 2008 to August 21, 2009. The season deals with the Russo children, Alex (Selena Gomez), Justin (David Henrie) and Max Russo (Jake T. Austin) continuing to compete to become the leading wizard in their family. Also starring in the series are Maria Canals Barrera and David DeLuise as their parents, Theresa and Jerry, and Jennifer Stone as Alex's best friend, Harper Finkle.

This is a document about Wizards of Waverly Place (season 3)
  The third season of Wizards of Waverly Place aired on Disney Channel from October 9, 2009, to October 15, 2010. The Russo children, Alex (Selena Gomez), Justin (David Henrie), and Max Russo (Jake T. Austin) continue to compete to become the leading wizard in their family and meet many friends and adversaries along the way. Maria Canals Barrera and David DeLuise co-star as their parents and Jennifer Stone co-stars as Alex's best friend, Harper Finkle. This is the first season of the series to be broadcast in high-definition. This is also the final season to play the original version of the series theme song.

This is a document about Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie
  The full cast of the Disney Channel Original Series Wizards of Waverly Place appeared in the film. However, Jennifer Stone as Harper Finkle only made appearances at the beginning of the film, and did not star.

This is a document about Jane Carr
  mother, Mary Reed, in the episode "Silent Enemy" of the US TV series Star Trek: Enterprise. Carr appeared on an episode of US TV series Friends, "The One with Ross's Wedding", and on three episodes ('We've Got Magic to Do') of Gilmore Girls (US, 2000–2007). In 2011, Carr played a resident of the apartment building Alex and Harper lived in on Wizards of Waverly Place. In 2012, she again played a nanny, this time as Mrs. Buckminster in a Season 8 episode of How I Met Your Mother. In 2018–19, she appeared as Tabitha, the fairy godmother, on five episodes of Legends of Tomorrow. In 2020, Carr had a guest role as Betty on the CBS sitcom Mom (Season 8 Episode 3 - "Tang and a Safe Space for Everybody").

This is a document about Jennifer Stone
  Jennifer Lindsay Stone (born February 12, 1993) is an American actress, screenwriter and nurse. She is known for portraying Harper Finkle on the Disney Channel series Wizards of Waverly Place (2007–2012) and in the Disney Channel Original Movie Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie (2009). She has also played roles in various television films, including a voice role in Dadnapped (2009), the main character in Harriet the Spy: Blog Wars (2010) and Abby Hanover in Mean Girls 2 (2011). Stone received critical acclaim for her work on the independent film The In-Between (2019), which she wrote and starred in.

This is a document about Wizards of Waverly Place (season 4)
  The fourth and final season of Wizards of Waverly Place aired on Disney Channel from November 12, 2010 to January 6, 2012. The Russo children, Alex (Selena Gomez), Justin (David Henrie), and Max Russo (Jake T. Austin) continue to compete to become the leading wizard in their magical family and begin to make difficult decisions about their futures. Maria Canals Barrera and David DeLuise co-star as their parents and Jennifer Stone co-stars as Alex's best friend, Harper Finkle. This is the second season of the series to be broadcast in high-definition.

This is a document about Maria Canals-Barrera
  series (2001–04) and Justice League Unlimited (2005–06). She also had a recurring role in Static Shock as news reporter Shelly Sandoval, and in Danny Phantom as Paulina, the title character's high school crush. She also performed the voice of Mercedes "Meche" Colomar in the 1998 video game Grim Fandango. Canals-Barrera also played incidental characters in two episodes on the TV series The Boondocks ("Grandad's Fight" and "Home Alone"). From 2007 to 2012, Canals-Barrera co-starred as Theresa Russo, the mother of lead character Alex Russo (played by Selena Gomez), in the Disney Channel family sitcom Wizards of Waverly Place. She also co-starred in Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie, a 2009 Disney Channel Original movie based on series. Canals-Barrera also appeared in the Disney Channel

This is a document about Leven Rambin
  In 2010, Rambin appeared as the daughter of Virginia Madsen's and David James Elliott's characters on the ABC television series, Scoundrels. However, the series ended its eight-episode run on August 15, 2010, due to low ratings. Rambin appeared on the Disney Channel show, Wizards of Waverly Place, in the recurring role of Rosie, who is a Guardian Angel turned Angel of Darkness who was in love with Justin to steal the Moral Compass; Rambin made her debut on the episode "Everything Rosie for Justin" and left the show after the episode "Wizards vs. Angels". Later, Rambin was cast in the recurring role of Chloe Hall, on the long-running

This is a document about Naoko Kouda
  ; The Ghost Writer (Ruth Lang (Olivia Williams)) ; Halloween (Laurie Strode (Jamie Lee Curtis)) ; Halloween II (1988 NTV edition) (Laurie Strode (Jamie Lee Curtis)) ; The Hand That Rocks the Cradle (Mrs. Mott/Peyton Flanders (Rebecca De Mornay)) ; Happiest Season (Tipper (Mary Steenburgen)) ; Harry Potter film series (Sybill Trelawney (Emma Thompson)) ; The Hole in the Ground (Noreen Brady (Kati Outinen)) ; Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (Elsa Schneider (Alison Doody)) ; Jerry Maguire (Laurel Boyd (Bonnie Hunt)) ; Labyrinth (Junk Lady) ; Leap of Faith (Jane Larson (Debra Winger)) ; Married to the Mob (Angela de Marco (Michelle Pfeiffer)) ; Melrose Place (Amanda Woodward (Heather Locklear)) ;

This is a document about McKaley Miller
  Miller was born in Texas. Her first notable acting role was in the 2006 television film Inspector Mom starring Danica McKellar. She also appeared in a few independent films. In 2011, Miller appeared as Talia in a three episode stint on the Disney Channel sitcom Wizards of Waverly Place, as the love interest to Jake T. Austin's character Max Russo. She co-starred in the 2013 film The Iceman, playing the daughter of Winona Ryder's character. In 2014, she appeared in the short-lived sitcom Partners, playing the step-daughter of Kelsey Grammer's character. She also guest starred on the MTV series Awkward as a love interest for Matty Mckibben. In 2015, she guest starred on the series Scream Queens as Sophia. Early in her career, Miller was also a competitive dancer, with more than six years of experience in jazz, hip hop, clogging, tap, lyrical and ballet.

This is a document about List of Halloweentown characters
  Splendora Agatha "Aggie" Cromwell (portrayed by Debbie Reynolds as an older Aggie, Sara Paxton as a younger Aggie) is the mother of Gwen and grandmother of Marnie, Dylan, and Sophie. She is the daughter of Merlin's cousin Marvin. It is unknown if Cromwell was her maiden name, or if she is widowed, as she is referred to by others as Mrs. Cromwell in Halloweentown High. She is a witch and resides in Halloweentown until Gwen offers to let her move to the human world and live with them at the end of the first movie. She agrees but is having a very hard time not using her magic. In the first two movies, she

This is a document about 11th ALMA Awards
 Selena Gomez, Wizards of Waverly Place ; Jessica Alba, The Office (NBC) ; Maria Canals-Barrera, Wizards of Waverly Place (Disney Channel) ; America Ferrera, Ugly Betty (ABC) ; Joanna Garcia, Privileged (CW) ; Salma Hayek, 30 Rock (NBC) ; Eva Longoria, Desperate Housewives (ABC) ; Lupe Ontiveros, Reaper (CW) ; Ana Ortiz, Ugly Betty (ABC) ; Judy Reyes, Scrubs (ABC) ; Rosie Perez, Lipstick Jungle (NBC) ; Jamie-Lynn Sigler, Entourage (HBO) ; Nadine Velazquez, My Name Is Earl (NBC)

This is a document about Maria Canals-Barrera
  Maria Canals-Barrera (born September 28, 1966) is an American actress. Over the course of her acting career, Canals-Barrera co-starred in a number of sitcoms and has appeared in several films. She is best known for her role as Theresa Russo in the Disney Channel family sitcom Wizards of Waverly Place (2007–2013). She also played the role of Connie Torres in Camp Rock (2008) and Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam (2010), and co-starred as Lala Pinedo in Larry Crowne (2011). From 2014–15, Canals-Barrera starred as Daniela in the ABC comedy series Cristela. She is known as the voice of Shayera Hol/Hawkgirl in Justice League and Justice League Unlimited. She also voiced Sunset Boulevardez in the Disney Channel show The Proud Family and Paulina in the Nickelodeon show Danny Phantom.

This is a document about Van Heusen
 Juliet Van Heusen, a character in Wizards of Waverly Place

This is a document about Mom (TV series)
  Mom is an American television sitcom created by Chuck Lorre, Eddie Gorodetsky and Gemma Baker that ran on CBS from September 23, 2013, to May 13, 2021, lasting eight seasons. Set in Napa, California, it follows dysfunctional daughter/mother duo Christy and Bonnie Plunkett, who, after having been estranged for years while both struggled with addiction, attempt to pull their lives and their relationship together by trying to stay sober and attending Alcoholics Anonymous. It stars Anna Faris and Allison Janney in the leading roles, with Mimi Kennedy, Jaime Pressly, Beth Hall, William Fichtner, Sadie Calvano, Blake Garrett Rosenthal, Matt Jones, French Stewart, and Kristen Johnston in supporting roles. Filmed

This is a document about Playing House (TV series)
 Jane Kaczmarek as Gwen Crawford – Emma's mother. ; Lindsay Sloane as Tina "Bird Bones" Steigerman – Mark's wife and former nemesis to Emma. ; Gerry Bednob as Mr. Nanjiani – a local townsperson, originally from Pakistan. ; Marissa Jaret Winokur as Candy – a bartender at Rosie's, the local restaurant. ; Ian Roberts as Ian – Mark's partner on the police force. ; Sandy Martin as Mary Pat – Bruce's mother. ; Norma Michaels as Ms. Johannsen – a prickly old woman living in the town. ; Kyle Bornheimer as Dan – a Rabbi.

Maria Canals-Barrera played the role of Theresa Russo, the mom on "Wizards of Waverly Place."


Question: what led to the downfall of the incan empire

Answer: Battle of Cajamarca

This is a document about Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire
  such as Jared Diamond, believe that while the Spanish conquest was undoubtedly the proximate cause of the collapse of the Inca Empire, it may very well have been past its peak and already in the process of decline. In 1528, Emperor Huayna Capac ruled the Inca Empire. He could trace his lineage back to a "stranger king" named Manco Cápac, the mythical founder of the Inca clan, who according to tradition emerged from a cave in a region called Paqariq Tampu. Huayna Capac was the son of the previous ruler, Túpac Inca, and the grandson of Pachacuti, the Emperor who, by conquest, had commenced the dramatic

This is a document about Monarchies in the Americas
  The Inca Empire spread across the north western parts of South America between 1438 and 1533, ruled over by a monarch addressed as the Sapa Inca, Sapa, or Apu. The Inca civilization emerged in the Kingdom of Cusco, and expanded to become the Ttahuantin-suyu, or "land of the four sections", each ruled by a governor or viceroy called Apu-cuna, under the leadership of the central Sapa Inca. The Inca Empire eventually fell to the Spanish in 1533, when the last Sapa Inca of the empire, Atahualpa, was captured and executed on 29 August. The conquerors installed other Sapa Inca beginning with Atahualpa's brother, Túpac Huallpa. Manco Inca Yupanqui, originally also a puppet Inca Emperor installed by the Spaniards, rebelled and founded the small independent Neo-Inca State in Vilcabamba, and the line continued until the death of Túpac Amaru in 1572.

This is a document about Andean civilizations
  The Inca Empire, or Incan Empire (Quechua: Tawantinsuyu), was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The administrative, political and military center of the empire was located in Cusco. The Inca civilization arose from the Peruvian highlands sometime in the early 13th century, and the last Inca stronghold was conquered by the Spanish in 1572. From 1438 to 1533 CE, the Incas used a variety of methods, from conquest to peaceful assimilation, to incorporate a large portion of western South America, centered on the Andean mountain ranges, including Peru, southwest Ecuador, western and south central Bolivia, northwest Argentina, northern Chile, and a small part of southwest Colombia into a state comparable to the historical empires of the Old World.

This is a document about Bolivia
  As the surplus of food decreased, and thus the amount available to underpin their power, the control of the elites began to falter. The capital city became the last place viable for food production due to the resiliency of the raised field method of agriculture. Tiwanaku disappeared around AD 1000 because food production, the main source of the elites' power, dried up. The area remained uninhabited for centuries thereafter.  Between 1438 and 1527, the Inca empire expanded from its capital at Cusco, Peru. It gained control over much of what is now Andean Bolivia and extended its control into the fringes of the Amazon basin.

This is a document about Inca Empire
  The Inca Empire, also known as Incan Empire and the Inka Empire, and at the time known as the Realm of the Four Parts, was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The administrative, political and military center of the empire was in the city of Cusco. The Inca civilization arose from the Peruvian highlands sometime in the early 13th century. The Spanish began the conquest of the Inca Empire in 1532 and its last stronghold was conquered in 1572. From 1438 to 1533, the Incas incorporated a large portion of western South America, centered on the Andean Mountains, using conquest and peaceful assimilation, among other methods. At its largest, the

This is a document about Children of Llullaillaco
  The Inca Empire (Quechua: Tawantinsuyu, "The Four Regions"), was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America, and possibly the largest empire in the world during the early 16th century. The empire arose in the area around the city of Cusco, high in the Andes Mountains in modern-day Peru, in the 13th century. The Inca civilisation did not expand much geographically until the mid-15th century. However starting under the rule of Pachacuti in 1438 the Inca swept throughout South America along the Andes mountains, conquering local peoples along the way and consolidating a massive land empire within the span of less than a century. The Inca Empire reached its maximum geographical

This is a document about Department of Lambayeque
  Inca Yupanqui and Huayna Cápac, successively, ruled during the process. In the 16th century, the Spaniard leader Francisco Pizarro took his conquistadors across the region on the way to Cajamarca to conclude the defeat of the Inca empire. He was amazed by the gold exposed in vases and utensils. During Colonial times, a rivalry started between the people of the towns of Lambayeque and Santiago de Miraflores de Saña. The reason of the conflict was the opulence in which the latter lived, even provoking the greed of pirates. A flood in 1720, however, destroyed Saña and marked the end of a flourishing city. The people of Lambayeque followed Juan Manuel Iturregui as their leader in the struggles for emancipation and independence from Spain. He spread the libertarian ideas and helped get arms for the cause.

This is a document about Children of Llullaillaco
  around 1530 and then began a rapid decline culminating in the fall of Cusco in 1533, along with the execution of the emperor Atahualpa by conquering Spaniards. Child sacrifice, referred to as capacocha or qhapaq hucha, was an important part of the Inca religion and was often used to commemorate important events, such as the death of a Sapa Inca. Human sacrifice was also used as an offering to the gods in times of famine and as a way of asking for protection. Sacrifice could occur only with the direct approval of the Inca emperor. Children were chosen from all over the sprawling Inca empire and were picked primarily

This is a document about History of Peru
  in Panama and preceding the Spanish conquerors in Peru through transmission among natives, had swept through the Inca Empire. Smallpox caused the death of the Inca ruler Huayna Capac as well as most of his family including his heir, caused the fall of the Inca political structure and contributed to the civil war between the brothers Atahualpa and Huáscar. Taking advantage of this, Pizarro carried out a coup d'état. On 16 November 1532, while the Atahualpa's victorious army was in an unarmed celebration in Cajamarca, the Spanish lured Atahualpa into a trap during the Battle of Cajamarca. The well-armed 168 Spaniards killed

This is a document about Atahualpa
  he would try to carry out a coup d'état against him. Atahualpa became Inca emperor in May 1532 after he had defeated and imprisoned Huáscar and massacred any pretenders to the throne. The Spaniard Francisco Pizarro captured Atahualpa in November 1532 and used him to control the Inca Empire. While imprisoned by the Spaniards, Atahualpa gave orders to kill Huáscar in Jauja, thinking Huáscar would use the Spaniards as allies to regain his throne. The Spanish eventually executed Atahualpa, effectively ending the empire. A succession of emperors, who led the Inca resistance against the invading Spaniards, claimed the title of Sapa Inca as rulers of the Neo-Inca State, but the empire began to disintegrate after Atahualpa's death.

This is a document about Military history of South America
  The Inca Empire was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The Inca Empire arose from the highlands of Peru sometime in the early 13th century; from 1438 to 1533, the Incas used a variety of methods, from conquest to peaceful assimilation, to incorporate a large portion of western South America, centered on the Andean mountain ranges, including large parts of modern Ecuador, Peru, western and south central Bolivia, northwest Argentina, north and north-central Chile, and southern Colombia. The Inca approach to warfare was well organised and disciplined, building on the Andean military societies before it. It represented a major step forward in military organisation in South America.

This is a document about Battle of Ollantaytambo
  In 1531, a group of Spaniards led by Francisco Pizarro landed on the shores of the Inca Empire, thus starting the Spanish conquest of Peru. At that time the empire was emerging from a civil war in which Atahualpa had defeated his brother Huascar to claim the title of Sapa Inca. Atahualpa underestimated the strength of the small force of Spaniards and was captured during an ambush at Cajamarca in November 1532. Pizarro ordered the execution of the emperor in July 1533, and occupied the Inca capital of Cusco four months later. To replace Atahualpa, Pizarro installed his brother Túpac Huallpa as a puppet ruler, but he died shortly afterwards. Another brother, Manco Inca, was crowned in

This is a document about Spanish colonization of the Americas
  In 1532 at the Battle of Cajamarca a group of Spaniards under Francisco Pizarro and their indigenous Andean Indian auxiliaries native allies ambushed and captured the Emperor Atahualpa of the Inca Empire. It was the first step in a long campaign that took decades of fighting to subdue the mightiest empire in the Americas. In the following years, Spain extended its rule over the Empire of the Inca civilization. The Spanish took advantage of a recent civil war between the factions of the two brothers Emperor Atahualpa and Huáscar, and the enmity of indigenous nations the Incas had subjugated, such as the Huancas, Chachapoyas, and Cañaris. In the following years the conquistadors and indigenous allies extended control over Greater Andes Region. The Viceroyalty of Perú was established in 1542. The last Inca stronghold was conquered by the Spanish in 1572. Peru was the last territory in the continent under Spanish rule, which ended on 9 December 1824 at the Battle of Ayacucho  (Spanish rule continued until 1898 in Cuba and Puerto Rico).

This is a document about Battle of Vilcaconga
  The Spanish emerged as victors in the Battle of Cajamarca in November 1532. Some 180 Spaniards under Francisco Pizarro were in control of major parts of the vast Inca Empire and held its emperor, Atahualpa, hostage. After recovering a vast ransom for his release, the Spanish had the Sapa Inca executed on July 26. Pizarro and his army crossed the mountains and rejoined Diego de Almagro, who was commanding some 100 Spaniards. The Incas still controlled large territory including their capital Cuzco, and commanders who had been ordered to stand down by a captive Atahualpa now moved south toward the Spanish, able to rally tens of thousands of soldiers. The Spanish, for

This is a document about Peru
  Atahualpa (also Atahuallpa), the last Sapa Inca, became emperor when he defeated and executed his older half-brother Huáscar in a civil war sparked by the death of their father, Inca Huayna Capac. In December 1532, a party of conquistadors (supported by the Chankas, Huancas, Cañaris and Chachapoyas as Indian auxiliaries) led by Francisco Pizarro defeated and captured the Inca Emperor Atahualpa in the Battle of Cajamarca. The Spanish conquest of Peru was one of the most important campaigns in the Spanish colonization of the Americas. After years of preliminary exploration and military conflicts, it was the first step in a

This is a document about Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II
  Spanish military proved to be too strong for his army of 40,000–60,000 followers. After being repelled from the capital of the Incan empire the rebels march around the country gathering forces to attempt to fight back. Troops from Lima were instrumental in helping repel Túpac's siege of Cuzco from 28 December 1780, to 10 January 1781. Following these failures, his coalition of disparate malcontents began to fall apart, with the upper-caste Criollos abandoning him first to rejoin the loyalist forces. Further defeats and Spanish offers of amnesty for rebel defectors hastened the collapse of Túpac's forces. By the end of February 1781, Spanish authorities began to gain the upper hand. A mostly indigenous

This is a document about History of Peru
  at genocide, the results were similar. Scholars now believe that, among the various contributing factors, epidemic disease such as smallpox (unlike the Spanish, the Amerindians had no immunity to the disease) was the overwhelming cause of the population decline of the American natives. Inca cities were given Spanish Christian names and rebuilt as Spanish towns centered around a plaza with a church or cathedral facing an official residence. A few Inca cities like Cuzco retained native masonry for the foundations of their walls. Other Inca sites, like Huanuco Viejo, were abandoned for cities at lower altitudes more hospitable to the Spanish.

This is a document about Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire
  The long-term effects of the arrival of the Spanish on the population of South America were catastrophic. While this was the case for every group of Native-Americans invaded by Europeans during this time period, the Incan population suffered an exceptionally dramatic and rapid decline following contact. It is estimated that parts of the empire, notably the Central Andes, suffered a population decline ratio of 58:1 during the years of 1520–1571. The single greatest cause of the decimation of native populations was Old World infectious diseases, carried by colonists and conquistadors. As these were new to the natives, they had no acquired immunity and suffered very high rates of death. More

This is a document about Peruvian War of Independence
  but the root cause of the discontent of the indigenous people remained dormant. It is debated whether these movements should be considered as precedents of the emancipation that was led by chiefs (caudillos), Peruvian towns (pueblos), and other countries in the American continent. The independence of Peru was an important chapter in the Hispano-American wars of independence. The campaign of Sucre in Upper Peru concluded in April 1825, and in November of the same year Mexico obtained the surrender of the Spanish bastion of San Juan de Ulúa in North America. The Spanish strongholds in Callao and Chiloé in South America fell in January 1826. Spain renounced all their continental American territories ten years later in 1836 leaving very little of its vast empire intact.

This is a document about Pre-Columbian Ecuador
  the Peruvian, was the usurper. The brothers battled for six years, killing many men and weakening the empire. Finally in 1532 near Chimborazo, Atahualpa, with the aid of two of his father's generals, defeated his brother. Huáscar was captured and put in prison. Atahualpa became emperor of a severely weakened empire only to face the Spanish conquistadors' arrival in 1532. During the period of Inca presence, the Ecuadorian organizations adopted agricultural practices, and a few social organization of the Inca occupants, but maintained their traditional religious beliefs and many customs. Inca domination in Ecuador was short (≈70 years) but they left one of the best-known archaeological sites of Ecuador: Ingapirca. They tried to conquer high Amazonian valley with only partial success, especially in the south, where the Bracamoros defeated them three times.

The Inca Empire began to decline around 1532, and its downfall was likely due to a combination of factors. One theory is that it was already in decline before the Spanish conquest, as the Inca ruler, Huayna Capac, was believed to be past his prime and the empire was facing internal strife. Additionally, the Inca Empire had expanded to control a large area, including much of what is now Peru and parts of Bolivia, Ecuador, and Chile. The food production method of the Inca, which relied on the Tiwanaku method, began to fail


Question: in the dream of the rood what is the rood eventually drenched in

Answer: blood

This is a document about Dream of the Rood
  The Dream of the Rood is one of the Christian poems in the corpus of Old English literature and an example of the genre of dream poetry. Like most Old English poetry, it is written in alliterative verse. Rood is from the Old English word rōd 'pole', or more specifically 'crucifix'. Preserved in the 10th-century Vercelli Book, the poem may be as old as the 8th-century Ruthwell Cross, and is considered one of the oldest works of Old English literature.

This is a document about List of English translations from medieval sources: D
  Modern. Edited with notes and an introduction by Percival Ashley Chubb (1860–1959). ; Poetical Miscellanies, The Sixth Part (1709) by Alexander Pope. An edition of Poetical Miscellanies, The Sixth Part by Alexander Pope. Edited by J. Dryden. Dragon myths. Dragons in mythology.  Dream of the Rood. The Dream of the Rood is an Old English Christian poems in the genre of dream poetry and written in alliterative verse. Preserved in the 10th-century Vercelli Book, the poem may be as old as the 8th-century Ruthwell Cross, and is considered as one of the oldest works of Old English literature.  Dryden, John. John Dryden (1631–1700) was an English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright who was appointed England's first Poet Laureate in 1668.

This is a document about Christian poetry
  a bishop in the Church of England), kinder to the Hebrew language than his own, published Praelectiones Academicae de Sacra Poesi Hebraeorum, which identified parallelism as the chief rhetorical device within Hebrew poetry. In many European vernacular literatures, Christian poetry appears among the earliest monuments of those literatures, and Biblical paraphrases in verse often precede Bible translations. Much Old Irish poetry was the work of Irish monks and is on religious themes. This story is repeated in most European languages. In Old English poetry, the Dream of the Rood, a meditation on Christ's crucifixion which adapts Germanic heroic imagery and applies it to Jesus, is one of the

This is a document about Dream of the Rood
  A part of The Dream of the Rood can be found on the eighth-century Ruthwell Cross, which is an 18 ft, free-standing Anglo-Saxon cross that was perhaps intended as a 'conversion tool'. At each side of the vine-tracery are carved runes. There is an excerpt on the cross that was written in runes along with scenes from the Gospels, lives of saints, images of Jesus healing the blind, the Annunciation, and the story of Egypt, as well as Latin antiphons and decorative scroll-work. Although it was torn down after the Scottish Reformation, it was possible to mostly reconstruct it in the 19th century. Recent

This is a document about Legend of the Rood
  The Legend of the Rood (De ligno sancte crucis) is a complex of medieval tales loosely derived from the Old Testament. In its fullest form, the narrative tells of how the dying Adam sends his son Seth back to Paradise to seek an elixir which will render him immortal. This part of the tale is sometimes referred to as "the Quest of Seth for the Oil of Life". The angel guarding the gates of Paradise refuses Seth access, but does give him a seed from the tree from which Adam and Eve had stolen the apple. On his return, Seth finds his father dead, but places this seed under his tongue and then buries him at Golgotha. A tree grows from the seed, which is cut down. The wood experiences many adventures, reappearing as a motif in popular renderings of many

This is a document about Anglo-Saxon art
  (both probably around 800). Vine-scroll decoration and interlace are seen in alternating panels on the early Northumbrian Ruthwell, Bewcastle and Easby Crosses, though the vine-scroll is already more prominent, and has faces to itself. Later Southumbrian crosses often only use vine-scrolls. There may be inscriptions, in the runic or Roman scripts, and Latin or Old English, most famously at Ruthwell, where some of the poem the Dream of the Rood is inscribed together with Latin texts; more often donors are commemorated. It has also been suggested that as well as paint, they may have been embellished with metalwork and gems. Typically, Anglo-Saxon crosses

This is a document about Dream of the Rood
  The Dream of the Rood survives in the Vercelli Book, so called because the manuscript is now in the Italian city of Vercelli. The Vercelli Book, which can be dated to the 10th century, includes twenty-three homilies interspersed with six religious poems: The Dream of the Rood, Andreas, The Fates of the Apostles, Soul and Body, Elene and a poetic, homiletic fragment.

This is a document about Brussels Cross
  Badly damaged and with its once jewelled front missing, the Brussels Cross takes the form of a large piece of cross-shaped wood covered with a silver plate bearing medallions engraved with the evangelists' symbols at the end of the arms and an Agnus Dei at the center. Across the arms the artist has inscribed his name in large Latin letters: + Drahmal me worhte (‘Drahmal made me’). An inscription around the edges reads: + Rod is min nama; geo ic ricne Cyning bær byfigynde, blod bestemed (‘Rood is my name. Trembling once, I bore a powerful king, made wet with blood’). These lines bear a close relationship to ll. 44 and 48 in the Old English poem, 'The Dream of the Rood'. This is followed by a common form

This is a document about Anglo-Saxons
  is found in Bibles and Psalters, in illuminated manuscripts. The poem The Dream of the Rood is an example how symbolism of trees was fused into Christian symbolism. Richard North suggests that the sacrifice of the tree was in accordance with pagan virtues and "the image of Christ's death was constructed in this poem with reference to an Anglian ideology of the world tree". North suggests that the author of The Dream of the Rood "uses the language of the myth of Ingui in order to present the Passion to his newly Christianized countrymen as a story from their native tradition". Furthermore, the tree's

This is a document about Old English literature
  In addition to Biblical paraphrases are a number of original religious poems, mostly lyrical (non-narrative). The Exeter Book contains a series of poems entitled Christ, sectioned into Christ I, Christ II and Christ III. Considered one of the most beautiful of all Old English poems is Dream of the Rood, contained in the Vercelli Book. The presence of a portion of the poem (in Northumbrian dialect) carved in runes on an 8th century stone cross found in Ruthwell, Dumfriesshire, verifies the age of at least this portion of the poem. The Dream of the Rood is a dream vision in which the personified cross tells the story of the crucifixion.

This is a document about Dream of the Rood
  Like many poems of the Anglo-Saxon period, The Dream of the Rood exhibits many Christian and pre-Christian images, but in the end is a Christian piece. Examining the poem as a pre-Christian (or pagan) piece is difficult, as the scribes who wrote it down were Christian monks who lived in a time when Christianity was firmly established (at least among the aristocracy) in Anglo-Saxon England. Anglo-Saxon influence can be identified by the use of a complex, echoing structure, allusions, repetition, verbal parallels, the ambiguity and wordplay of the Riddles, and the language of heroic poetry and elegy. Some scholars have argued that there is a prevalence of pagan elements within the poem, claiming that the idea of

This is a document about Affective piety
  Christian Passion Piety." Ann Savage pushed this thesis further in 1987 and explicitly aligned poems such as The Wanderer, The Seafarer, and The Dream of the Rood with later affective devotional practice. Christina M. Heckman has written of the imitatio and identification with the Rood (the cross) in The Dream of the Rood along the same lines. Allen J. Frantzen's article, "Spirituality and Devotion in the Anglo-Saxon Penitentials" (2005), openly questions a tradition of scholarship that has all but ignored Anglo-Saxon religious texts and practices, and he broadens the view out from lyric and elegiac vernacular poetry to include Penitentials, or handbooks listing sins, penances, and prayers. The Penitentials, he points out, emphasize weeping,

This is a document about Cynewulf
  Dream of the Rood, the Harrowing of Hell, and the Physiologus have at one time been ascribed to him. The four poems, like a substantial portion of Anglo-Saxon poetry, are sculpted in alliterative verse. All four poems draw upon Latin sources such as homilies and hagiographies (the lives of saints) for their content, and this is to be particularly contrasted to other Old English poems, e.g. Genesis, Exodus, and Daniel, which are drawn directly from the Bible as opposed to secondary accounts. In terms of length, Elene is by far the longest poem of Cynewulf's corpus at 1,321 lines. It is followed by Juliana, at 731 lines, Christ II, at

This is a document about Ruthwell Cross
  Anglo-Saxon crosses are closely related to the contemporary Irish high crosses, and both are part of the Insular art tradition. The Ruthwell cross features the largest figurative reliefs found on any surviving Anglo-Saxon cross—which are virtually the largest surviving Anglo-Saxon reliefs of any sort—and has inscriptions in both Latin and, unusually for a Christian monument, the runic alphabet, the latter containing lines similar to lines 39–64 of Dream of the Rood, an Old English poem, which were possibly added at a later date. It is 18 feet high. The two main sides of the cross (north and south) feature figurative relief carvings, now considerably worn, that depict Christ and

This is a document about Ordinalia
  However, running through the whole and interwoven with the scriptural narrative comes the beautiful and curious Legend of the Rood (Legend of the Holy Cross). The legend, most of which is in the Ordinalia, is this: "When Adam found himself dying, he sent his son Seth to the Gates of Paradise to beg of the angel that guarded them the oil of mercy, that his father might live. The angel let him look into Paradise, where he saw many strange and beautiful foreshadowings of things that should be upon the earth; and the angel gave him three seeds from the Tree of Life, and he departed. When he came to where his father was, he found that he was

This is a document about Dream of the Rood
  Anglo-Saxons". Within the single culture of the Anglo-Saxons is the conflicting Germanic heroic tradition and the Christian doctrine of forgiveness and self-sacrifice, the influences of which are readily seen in the poetry of the period. Thus, for instance, in The Dream of the Rood, Christ is presented as a "heroic warrior, eagerly leaping on the Cross to do battle with death; the Cross is a loyal retainer who is painfully and paradoxically forced to participate in his Lord's execution". Christ can also be seen as "an Anglo-Saxon warrior lord, who is served by his thanes, especially on the cross and who rewards them at the feast of glory in Heaven". Thus, the crucifixion of Christ is

This is a document about Dream vision
 Bede, Vision of Drycthelm ; Anonymous, The Dream of the Rood – the guide in Dream of the Rood is the Cross on which Christ was crucified.

This is a document about 7th century in poetry
 Cædmon's Hymn, Old English ; Dream of the Rood, Old English, possible date ; Hisperica Famina, Hiberno-Latin

This is a document about Dream of the Rood
 Michael D. C. Drout, 'The Dream of the Rood, lines 1-156', Anglo-Saxon Aloud (4 June 2007).

This is a document about Dream of the Rood
  talking tree is animistic. The belief in the spiritual nature of natural objects, it has been argued, recognises the tree as an object of worship. In Heathen Gods in Old English Literature, Richard North stresses the importance of the sacrifice of the tree in accordance with pagan virtues. He states that "the image of Christ's death was constructed in this poem with reference to an Anglian ideology on the world tree". North suggests that the author of The Dream of the Rood "uses the language of this myth of Ingui in order to present the Passion to his newly Christianized countrymen as a story from their native tradition". Furthermore, the tree's triumph over death is celebrated by

In the poem "The Dream of the Rood," the rood (cross) is eventually drenched in the blood of Christ.