Question: who wins veto on big brother week 7

Answer: George

This is a document about Big Brother 6 (American season)
  the Power of Veto, leaving Howie and Rachel nominated. On Day 54, Rachel became the seventh HouseGuest to be evicted from the house in a unanimous vote of five to zero. She became the second member of the Jury of Seven. Following Rachel's eviction, HouseGuests competed in the "High/Low" Head of Household competition. For this competition, HouseGuests were given a statement about the game that involved a number, and HouseGuests had to determine whether the answer was higher or lower than the given number by stepping upward or downward on a staircase. April was the winner of this competition.

This is a document about Big Brother 9 (American season)
  first team to have an occupied box on their board get selected would win the chance to see the film What Happens in Vegas.... Sharon and Ryan were the winners. Later that day, Ryan chose to nominate Sharon and Sheila for eviction. On Day 72, HouseGuests competed in the "Big Brother Derby" final Power of Veto competition. For this competition, HouseGuests had to put the faces of the five Jury members onto headless jockeys, and had to figure out which two given facts went with each HouseGuest; the first HouseGuest to complete this would be the winner. Ryan was the winner.

This is a document about James Rhine
  Double Eviction week. Beau became HOH the next week and nominated Howie and Rachel for eviction. James won his fourth Power of Veto after winning the "Get Your Pairings Straight" veto competition. April became the next HOH and nominated Howie and Janelle with plans to backdoor James by keeping him from playing in the Power of Veto competition. With only 7 people left, James was the only person not to play in the veto competition. April won the Power of Veto, backdoored James, and he was evicted. James earned the title "Veto King" after having won more vetoes than any other contestant in Big Brother history up to that point.

This is a document about Big Brother Canada (season 5)
  learned earlier in the season. Then they must race along the track and place the signs in the order they were said during the commercial with Nick and Phil Paquette earlier in the season. They must then use their pieces to complete the puzzle. The HouseGuest who completes all of the tasks in the fastest time will win the Power of Veto and a test drive in the Toyota '86 with a juror of their choice. Demetres was the winner. On Day 52, Demetres took himself off the block and Kevin named Jackie as the replacement nominee. Despite originally wanting

This is a document about Big Brother 12 (American season)
  chose to nominate Brendon and Rachel for eviction. When picking players for the Power of Veto competition, Andrew, Enzo, and Monet were selected to compete; Annie was selected to host. On Day 7, HouseGuests competed in the "Cinco de Mayonnaise" Power of Veto competition. For this competition, HouseGuests had to break open various mayonnaise filled pinatas, with various letter tiles inside of them. The HouseGuests would collect tiles and attempt to spell a word with their collected tiles; the HouseGuest with the longest correctly spelled word would win the Power of Veto. Brendon was the winner of the Power of Veto.

This is a document about Big Brother Canada (season 7)
  spots already filled in. Kiera and Samantha moved on to the final round. In the final round, the two must attempt to solve a crossword relating to "Big Brother". The first HouseGuest to correctly solve the crossword will win the Power of Veto. Samantha was the winner. On Day 17, Samantha took Kiera off the block, and Chelsea named Kailyn as the replacement nominee. On Day 18, Damien received a clue to embark on a secret mission through the House. After following a series of clues, he entered Leon's Lounge for the opportunity to watch classified information on Mark and

This is a document about Big Brother 6 (American season)
  and Sarah in the "Big Brother Movie Marquee" luxury competition. For this competition, HouseGuests had to uncover a message by screwing lights into a wall. The team of Jennifer, Rachel, and Sarah won the right to watch the movie. Sarah later chose to use the Power of Veto on James, with Janelle being nominated in his place. On Day 33, Kaysar became the fourth HouseGuest to be evicted from the house in a vote of seven to one. Following Kaysar's eviction, HouseGuests competed in the "Eliminator" Head of Household competition. For this competition, HouseGuests were quizzed on events that had

This is a document about Big Brother 13 (American season)
  the Veto symbol out of their chewed gum; the first HouseGuest to finish making their Veto symbol would win the Power of Veto. Dominic was the winner of the Power of Veto. Following a comment made by Rachel during the Power of Veto competition, Jeff and Jordan debated nominating Brendon and Rachel for eviction; they later decided it was too early in the game to do so. On Day 17, Dominic chose to use the Power of Veto to remove both himself and Adam from the block, with Cassi and Shelly being nominated in their place. On Day 20, Cassi became the

This is a document about Big Brother Canada (season 4)
  of Veto competition. For this competition, HouseGuests had to roll their ball past the obstacles and up and over their rainbow and catch it on the other side. If a HouseGuest drops their ball, their counter will drop to zero. The first HouseGuest to roll their ball 300 times without dropping it will win the Power of Veto. Ramsey won the Power of Veto. On Day 32, Ramsey took himself off the block, and Tim named Maddy as the replacement nominee. On Day 33, Emmett surprised Kelsey and Loveita to give them the secret task to hide black and white

This is a document about Big Brother 8 (American season)
  the hopes of evicting one of them. On Day 71, HouseGuests competed in the "Big Brother Decoder" final Power of Veto competition. For this competition, HouseGuests had to match a clue to a HouseGuest's face that interlocked with another HouseGuest's face. Once that is done, the HouseGuests must twist the knob and match the HouseGuest with the corresponding number. The first HouseGuest to correctly label the many seconds they've been in the house would win the Power of Veto. Daniele was the winner, making it her fifth Power of Veto win. This tied her with former HouseGuest Janelle Pierzina

This is a document about Big Brother Canada (season 6)
  be the new Head of Household. Olivia was the winner. She immediately nominated Merron and Ryan for eviction. Afterwards, Olivia, Merron, and Ryan, plus Alejandra, Hamza, and Paras, bounced in the Big Brother Pinball Power of Veto competition. In this competition, each HouseGuest has their own board with two balls and five targets. They must slide their balls down their board, trying to knock down their targets. The first HouseGuest to knock down all of their targets will win the Power of Veto. Ryan was the winner. At the Veto Meeting, Ryan took himself off the block, and Olivia named Hamza

This is a document about Big Brother Canada (season 5)
  Veto. William was the winner. On Day 45, William decided not to use the Power of Veto. He did, however, decide to use his secret Power of Veto on Kevin. Demetres named Karen as the replacement nominee. On Day 46, the HouseGuests were given a task. They must find a series of teddy bears. Depending on which bear they find, they will receive various rewards and punishments. Jackie received a season long slop pass. Ika, Demetres, and Kevin had to take a polar bear swim. Demetres had to wear a bear suit and sleep outside in a cave for the

This is a document about Big Brother 14 (American season)
  each had to choose one of their teammates to be a Have-Not for the week, with Ashley, Ian, Shane, and Danielle getting picked. Frank and Kara were nominated for eviction on Day 5. On Day 7, Shane won the Power of Veto competition, "Loose Change", which involved HouseGuests running around and trying to find coin props (one dollar coin, quarter and five cent coins). Once they find them they had to throw the coin props from a distance to a machine. Once they threw a total of $1.30 in coin props, they would win the Power of Veto. Shane

This is a document about Big Brother Canada (season 5)
  the final round. The last HouseGuest standing will win the Power of Veto. William won the Power of Veto. On Day 17, William decided not to use the Power of Veto. On Day 18, all HouseGuests were put on slop for disrespecting Big Brother. On Day 20, Cassandra was evicted by an 11–0 vote. Following Cassandra's eviction, Arisa informed the HouseGuests of the next Shock Wave. The next week will be Backwards Week. The HouseGuests were each required to name two HouseGuests for eviction. The two HouseGuests with the most votes would be nominees for the week. Dre and Gary were

This is a document about Big Brother Canada (season 3)
  Household competition minutes later. The group participated in a fortune telling task the next day, which resulted in Bobby, Willow, and Zach becoming Have-Nots for the week. Kevin chose to nominate Bobby and Brittnee for eviction that night, with Bruno and Godfrey being the additional HouseGuests on the shortlist. Though Bobby believed that Godfrey was the target for the week, Kevin and the couples alliance hoped to see Bobby evicted. Ashleigh, Pilar, and Sarah were chosen to compete for the PoV; Kevin won the "Delivering the Goods" Power of Veto competition on Day 44, also winning a $10,000 gift card for The Brick. He chose to leave his nominations the same on Day 46. Bobby

This is a document about Big Brother 11 (American season)
  On Day 63, HouseGuests competed in the "There Ain't No Party Like A Veto Block Party" final Power of Veto competition. For this competition, HouseGuests were given twenty clues, lined up ten by ten and were required to match blocks with HouseGuests names on them with the clues provided; the HouseGuest to complete this in the fastest time would be the winner. Kevin was the winner of the final Power of Veto. On Day 66, Kevin chose to use the Power of Veto to remove himself from the block, with Jordan being nominated in his place. Minutes later, he cast

This is a document about Big Brother 12 (American season)
  chose to open it. While she was locked inside with former HouseGuest Jessie Godderz, the other HouseGuests earned a party in the backyard. On Day 52, Brendon chose to use the Power of Veto to remove himself from the block, with Matt being nominated in his place. On Day 55, Matt became the seventh HouseGuest to be evicted from the house in a unanimous vote of four to zero. HouseGuests then took part in a surprise Double Eviction week, meaning another HouseGuest would be evicted that night. HouseGuests competed in the "Delivering the Goods" Head of Household competition. For this competition,

This is a document about Big Brother 4 (American season)
  Grass" Veto competition, and chose to leave nominations the same. On Day 33, Dana was evicted in a unanimous six to zero vote, and become the first HouseGuest to enter sequester to form the Jury of Seven, in which the seven HouseGuest would vote for the winner of Big Brother 4 on the finale night. Following Dana's eviction, HouseGuest competed in the "Who Said It?" Head of Household competition, in which HouseGuest tried to guess which evicted HouseGuest made a certain statement while in the house. Justin won the competition. The following day, everyone earned food for the week during the "50 Ways to

This is a document about Big Brother 16 (American season)
  new superhero comics based on the HouseGuests. The players then recreated the wall using a multitude of possible comic covers. The player who correctly arranged the comics in the shortest amount of time won the Veto. Everyone struggled with the multiple comics and the subtle differences between seemingly identical covers. Christine won the veto and, wanting to ensure that Zach would go home and not to rock the boat, decided to leave Nicole's nominations as they were, making Nicole's plan to backdoor Frankie blowing up in her face. The Hitmen and Caleb convinced the Detonators that Zach was a

This is a document about Big Brother 10 (American season)
  use the Power of Veto to remove himself from the block, with Dan nominating Michelle in his place. Dan's decision led to much controversy inside and outside of the house when Ollie engaged in numerous arguments with the other HouseGuests. On Day 52, Michelle became the seventh HouseGuest to be evicted from the house in a vote of three to one. The HouseGuests learned that it would be a Double Eviction week, and that another HouseGuest would be evicted within the hour. HouseGuests then competed in the "Big Brother Headlines" Head of Household competition. For this competition, HouseGuests were questioned over

Rachel wins the Veto on Big Brother week 7.


Question: what part of the country is oklahoma considered

Answer: a state in the South

This is a document about Geography of Oklahoma
   The  Geography of Oklahoma encompasses terrain and ecosystems ranging from arid plains to subtropical forests and mountains. Oklahoma contains 10 distinct ecological regions, more per square mile than in any other state by a wide margin. It is situated in the Great Plains and U.S. Interior Highlands region near the geographical center of the 48 contiguous states. Usually considered part of the South Central United States, Oklahoma is bounded on the east by Arkansas and Missouri, on the north by Kansas, on the northwest by Colorado, on the far west by New Mexico, and on the south and near-west by Texas. The state has four primary mountain ranges: the Arbuckle Mountains, the Wichita Mountains, the Ozark Mountains and the Ouachita Mountains. Part of the U.S. Interior Highlands region, the Ozarks and Ouachitas form the

This is a document about Oklahoma
  Oklahoma is also known informally by its nickname, "The Sooner State", in reference to the settlers who staked their claims on land before the official opening date of lands in the western Oklahoma Territory or before the Indian Appropriations Act of 1889, which increased European-American settlement in the eastern Indian Territory. Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory were merged into the State of Oklahoma when it became the 46th state to enter the union on November 16, 1907. With ancient mountain ranges, prairie, mesas, and eastern forests, most of Oklahoma lies in the Great Plains, Cross Timbers, and the U.S. Interior Highlands, all

This is a document about Oklahoma
  Oklahoma is a state in the South Central region of the United States, bordered by the state of Texas on the south and west, Kansas on the north, Missouri on the northeast, Arkansas on the east, New Mexico on the west, and Colorado on the northwest. Partially in the western extreme of the Upland South, it is the 20th-most extensive and the 28th-most populous of the 50 United States. Its residents are known as Oklahomans (or colloquially "Okies"), and its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City. The state's name is derived from the Choctaw words, "people" and humma, which translates as

This is a document about Norman, Oklahoma
  The Oklahoma region became part of the United States with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Before the American Civil War, the U.S. government began relocating the Five Civilized Tribes—the five Native American tribes that the United States officially recognized via treaty—to Oklahoma. Treaties of 1832 and 1833 assigned the area known today as Norman to the Creek Nation. After the Civil War, the Creeks were accused of aiding the Confederacy; as a result they ceded the region back to the United States in 1866. In the early 1870s, the federal government undertook a survey of these unassigned lands. Abner Ernest Norman, a 23-year-old surveyor from Kentucky,

This is a document about Geography of Oklahoma
  major highland region between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians. A portion of the Flint Hills stretches into north-central Oklahoma, and in the state's southeastern corner, Cavanal Hill is officially regarded as the world's tallest hill; at 1,999 feet (609 m), it fails the definition of a mountain by one foot. More than 500 named creeks and rivers make up Oklahoma's waterways, and with 200 lakes created by dams, it holds the highest number of reservoirs in the nation. Oklahoma covers an area of 69,898 sqmi, with 68,667 sqmi of land and 1,231 sqmi of water, making it the 20th-largest state in the United States. Generally, it is divided into seven geographical regions: Green Country, or Northeast Oklahoma, Southeastern Oklahoma, Central Oklahoma, South Central Oklahoma, Southwest Oklahoma, Northwest Oklahoma, and the Oklahoma Panhandle.

This is a document about Western Oklahoma
  On a simple east/west basis, Western Oklahoma is popularly considered that part of the state west of I-35. I-35 creates a north/south line through the approximate center of the main body of the state (i.e., without regard for the Oklahoma Panhandle), passing through Oklahoma City, the state capitol. However, other definitions are possible. For tourism purposes, the Oklahoma Tourism and Recreation Department breaks the state into six regions. The 14 counties of Southwest Oklahoma, called Great Plains Country, do all fit west of I-35, including the easternmost counties in the grouping, Stephens and Jefferson. But, while most of the 16 counties of Northwest Oklahoma, called Red Carpet Country, are also west of I-35, the two easternmost in that grouping, Kay and Noble, each have some land area east of I-35. Then, the department includes 12 counties in Central Oklahoma, called Frontier Country, around Oklahoma City. Portions of that grouping, like Canadian County, are entirely west of I-35. And, the department has established a South Central grouping of 7 counties, called Chickasaw Country, some of which, like Carter County, have more land west of I-35 than east.

This is a document about Eastern Oklahoma
  In the U.S. state of Oklahoma, Eastern Oklahoma is an amorphous area roughly defined as east of Oklahoma City and/or east of I-35. The Oklahoma Department of Tourism and Recreation established regional designations for the various parts of the state: Red Carpet Country (Northwest, being the Panhandle and North Central), Green Country (Northeast). Frontier Country (Central), Choctaw Country (Southeast), Chickasaw Country (South Central), and Great Plains Country (Southwest). Eastern Oklahoma would certainly include Green Country and Choctaw Country, but depending on the exact definition might include eastern parts of Red Carpet Country (those portions of Kay and Noble counties east of I-35), Frontier Country (Payne, Lincoln, Pottawatomie, Seminole, Okfuskee and Hughes counties), and most of Chickasaw Country (Pontotoc, Johnston, and Marshall counties, plus those portions of Garvin, Murray, Carter, and Love counties east of I-35).  Eastern Oklahoma is generally considered an extension of the Mid-South and the Upland South.

This is a document about Oklahoma
   Oklahoma is the 20th-largest state in the United States, covering an area of 69899 sqmi, with 68595 sqmi of land and 1304 sqmi of water. It lies partly in the Great Plains near the geographical center of the 48 contiguous states. It is bordered on the east by Arkansas and Missouri, on the north by Kansas, on the northwest by Colorado, on the far west by New Mexico, and on the south and near-west by Texas.

This is a document about Green Country
  Green Country, sometimes referred to as Northeast Oklahoma, is the northeastern portion of the U.S. state of Oklahoma, which lies west of the northern half of Arkansas, the southwestern corner of Missouri, and south of Kansas.

This is a document about Central Oklahoma
  Central Oklahoma is the geographical name for the central region of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. It is also known by the Oklahoma Department of Tourism designation, Frontier Country, defined as the twelve-county region including Canadian, Grady, Logan, Oklahoma, Cleveland, McClain, Payne, Lincoln, Pottawatomie, Seminole, Okfuskee, and Hughes counties. Central Oklahoma is dominated by the largest urban area in the state, the Greater Oklahoma City area. Oklahoma City is the political, economic, tourism, commercial, industrial, financial, and geographical hub of the state, as well as being its primary cultural center. The only Central Oklahoma city which is not officially considered a suburb of Oklahoma City is Stillwater, Oklahoma.

This is a document about Miller Court House, Oklahoma
  Oklahoma. On April 1, 1820, Governor James Miller signed an act of the Arkansas Territorial Legislature that established the "County of Miller" in the southwestern part of what was then known as Arkansas Territory. This Miller County contained the western halves of present-day Little River, Sevier and Polk Counties in modern Arkansas, all of McCurtain, Choctaw, Pushmataha, and the southern one-third of both Latimer and Le Flore Counties in present-day Oklahoma. It also included a large area in northeast Texas. The Arkansas Territory Legislative Council officially ceded the portion of Miller County north of the Red River to the Choctaw Nation

This is a document about Solid South
  Oklahoma was not a state during Reconstruction, being admitted to the Union only in 1907. Since that time, its voting patterns has been similar to those of other Southern states, so it may be considered part of the Solid South.

This is a document about Oklahoma
  Oklahoma is placed in the South by the United States Census Bureau, but other definitions place the state at least partly in the Southwest, Midwest, Upland South, and Great Plains. Oklahomans have a high rate of English, Scotch-Irish, German, and Native American ancestry, with 25 different native languages spoken. Because many Native Americans were forced to move to Oklahoma when White settlement in North America increased, Oklahoma has much linguistic diversity. Mary Linn, an associate professor of anthropology at the University of Oklahoma and the associate curator of Native American languages at the Sam Noble Museum, notes Oklahoma also has high levels of language endangerment. Sixty-seven Native American tribes are represented in Oklahoma, including 39 federally recognized tribes,

This is a document about Outline of Oklahoma
  The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the U.S. state of Oklahoma: Oklahoma – state located in the South Central United States. Oklahoma is the 20th most extensive and the 28th most populous of the 50 United States. The state's name is derived from the Choctaw words okla and humma, meaning "red people". On November 16, 1907, Oklahoma became the 46th state to enter the union. Its residents are known as Oklahomans or, informally "Okies", and its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City. A major producer of natural gas, oil, and agricultural products, Oklahoma relies on an economic base of aviation, energy, telecommunications, and biotechnology.

This is a document about Oklahoma
  prone to severe weather. Oklahoma is at a confluence of three major American cultural regions. Historically it served as a government-sanctioned territory for Native Americans removed from east of the Mississippi River, a route for cattle drives from Texas and related regions, and a destination for Southern migrant settlers. Today twenty-five Native American languages are still spoken in Oklahoma. A major producer of natural gas, oil, and agricultural products, Oklahoma relies on an economic base of aviation, energy, telecommunications, and biotechnology. Oklahoma City and Tulsa serve as Oklahoma's primary economic anchors, with nearly two-thirds of Oklahomans living within their metropolitan statistical areas.

This is a document about Outline of Oklahoma
 Oklahoma is: a U.S. state, a federal state of the United States of America ; Location ; Northern hemisphere ; Western hemisphere ; Americas ; North America ; Anglo America ; Northern America ; United States of America ; Contiguous United States ; Western United States ; Southwestern United States ; Southern United States ; South Central United States ; Population of Oklahoma: 3,751,351 (2010 U.S. Census ) ; Area of Oklahoma: ; Atlas of Oklahoma Geography of Oklahoma

This is a document about Constitution of Oklahoma
  From 1890 onward, the land that now forms the State of Oklahoma was made up of the Oklahoma Territory (to the west), and the Indian Territory (to the east). Indian Territory, as its name suggests, had a large Native American population; the territory itself had been reduced over time to its then size.

This is a document about Northwestern Oklahoma
  Northwestern Oklahoma became part of the United States through the Louisiana Purchase and through the entrance of Texas into the Union in 1845 as a slave state. At the time, federal law, based on the Missouri Compromise, prohibited slavery in the region that would become the Oklahoma Panhandle. Under the Compromise of 1850, Texas surrendered its lands north of 36°30' latitude. The 170-mile strip of land, a "neutral strip", was left with no state or territorial ownership from 1850 until 1890. It was officially called the "Public Land Strip" and was commonly referred to as "No Man's Land." The Compromise of 1850 also established the eastern boundary of

This is a document about South Central Oklahoma
  in Choctaw Country. The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma covers the eastern third of the region. Its headquarters is in Durant, and its capitol building, now a museum, is in Tuskahoma. The Chickasaw Nation lies within the region, with the tribal capitol building located at Tishomingo and its headquarters in Ada. The Chickasaw Nation, which runs, promotes the idea of Chickasaw Country as the 13 south-central Oklahoma counties that comprise the Chickasaw Nation, being the Tourism Department’s seven counties plus Coal, Bryan, Jefferson, Stephens, Grady, and McClain counties. The region, also known by its former Oklahoma Department of Tourism designation, Arbuckle Country or Lake and

This is a document about Oklahoma
   Oklahoma is part of a geographical region characterized by conservative and Evangelical Christianity known as the "Bible Belt". Spanning the southern and eastern parts of the United States, the area is known for politically and socially conservative views, with the Republican Party having the greater number of voters registered between the two parties. Tulsa, the state's second-largest city, home to Oral Roberts University, is sometimes called the "buckle of the Bible Belt". In 2000, there were about 5,000 Jews and 6,000 Muslims, with ten congregations to each group. According to the Pew Research Center in 2008, the majority of Oklahoma's religious adherents were Christian, accounting for about 80 percent of the population. The percentage of Catholics was half the national average, while the percentage of Evangelical Protestants was more than twice the national average (tied with Arkansas for the largest percentage of any state). In

Oklahoma is considered a state in the South Central region of the United States. It is bordered by the states of Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas, and Texas.


Question: who plays the murderer in the lovely bones

Answer: Stanley Tucci

This is a document about The Lovely Bones (film)
  The Lovely Bones is a 2009 supernatural thriller drama film directed by Peter Jackson from a screenplay he co-wrote with Fran Walsh and Philippa Boyens. It is based on Alice Sebold's 2002 novel of the same name and stars Mark Wahlberg, Rachel Weisz, Susan Sarandon, Stanley Tucci, Michael Imperioli, and Saoirse Ronan. The plot follows a girl who is murdered and watches over her family from "the in-between" and is torn between seeking vengeance on her killer and allowing her family to heal. An international co-production between the United States, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand, the film was produced by Carolynne Cunningham, Walsh, Jackson, and Aimee Peyronnet, with Steven Spielberg, Tessa Ross, Ken Kamins, and James Wilson as executive producers. Principal photography began in October 2007 in New Zealand and Pennsylvania. The film's score was composed by

This is a document about Ryan Gosling
  actor is playing a pulp type rather than a fully formed individual, but both fill in the blanks with an alchemical mix of professional and personal charisma." The film grossed over $91 million worldwide. Gosling was scheduled to begin filming The Lovely Bones in 2007. However, he left the production two days before filming began because of "creative differences" and was replaced by Mark Wahlberg. Gosling was cast as the father of the murdered teenage girl and initially felt he was too young for the role. The director Peter Jackson and the producer Fran Walsh persuaded him that he could be aged with hair

This is a document about Saoirse Ronan
  took note of how Ronan's talents were wasted in it. In 2009, Ronan starred alongside Rachel Weisz, Mark Wahlberg, Susan Sarandon and Stanley Tucci in Peter Jackson's supernatural drama The Lovely Bones, an adaptation of the book of the same name by Alice Sebold. Ronan played 14-year-old Susie Salmon, who, after being raped and murdered, watches from the after-life as her family struggles to move on with their lives while she comes to terms with her quest for vengeance. Ronan and her family were originally hesitant for Ronan to accept the role due to its subject matter, but agreed after Jackson assured them that the film would not feature gratuitous scenes of rape and murder.

This is a document about Peter Jackson
  Jackson completed an adaptation of Alice Sebold's bestseller, The Lovely Bones, which was released in the United States on 11 December 2009. Jackson has said the film was a welcome relief from his larger-scale epics. The storyline's combination of fantasy aspects and themes of murder share some similarities with Heavenly Creatures. The film ended up receiving generally mixed reviews and middling box office returns yet earned Stanley Tucci an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor nomination.

This is a document about The Lovely Bones (film)
  Although Ronan and Tucci were praised for their performances, The Lovely Bones received mixed reviews from critics. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a critics approval rating of 32%, based on 247 reviews, with an average rating of 5.00/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "It's stuffed full of Peter Jackson's typically dazzling imagery, but The Lovely Bones suffers from abrupt shifts between horrific violence and cloying sentimentality." Metacritic gave the film a score of 42 out of 100, based on 36 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Ian Freer of Empire gave the film 4/5 stars. Freer emphasized

This is a document about Alice Sebold
  novel as "a disturbing story, full of horror and confusion and deep, bone-weary sadness. And yet it reflects a moving, passionate interest in and love for ordinary life as its most wonderful, and most awful, even at its most mundane." A reviewer for The New York Times wrote that Sebold had "the ability to capture both the ordinary and the extraordinary, the banal and the horrific, in lyrical, unsentimental prose". The Lovely Bones remained on The New York Times Best Seller list for over one year and by 2007, had sold over ten million copies worldwide. In 2010, it was adapted into a film of the same name by Peter Jackson, starring Saoirse Ronan, Susan Sarandon, Stanley Tucci, Mark Wahlberg, and Rachel Weisz.

This is a document about The Lovely Bones (film)
  Eno. The Lovely Bones was first released on December 26, 2009, in New Zealand, and then internationally in January 2010. The film's North American release date was changed multiple times, with a limited release on December 11, 2009, and a wider release on January 15, 2010. It was released to mainly negative reviews from critics; the story and its message were generally criticized, with praise mainly aimed at the visual effects, Peter Jackson's direction, and the performances of Ronan and Tucci. In the film's opening weekend, in limited release, it grossed $116,616, despite only having been screened in three theaters, placing it at 30th place on the box office chart. The Lovely Bones grossed over $44 million in North America. The film also received numerous accolades, with Tucci being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.

This is a document about The Lovely Bones
  The Lovely Bones is a 2002 novel by American writer Alice Sebold. It is the story of a teenage girl who, after being raped and murdered, watches from her personal Heaven as her family and friends struggle to move on with their lives while she comes to terms with her own death. The novel received critical praise and became an instant bestseller. A film adaptation, directed by Peter Jackson, who personally purchased the rights, was released in 2009. The novel was also later adapted as a play of the same name, which premiered in England in 2018.

This is a document about Change of Heart (novel)
  On December 13, 2011 Paramount Pictures announced their plan to produce a film based on the novel. On December 26, 2011 it was confirmed that Paramount Pictures had obtained the film rights to the novel and MTV Films was lined up to co-produce. Peter Jackson, the director of Alice Sebold's novel The Lovely Bones, is slated to direct the film adaption with Fran Walsh writing the screenplay. In an interview on January 8, 2012 the senior president of MTV Films stated that they are no longer involved with the project. On January 13, 2012 Paramount Pictures announced that the first actor to be cast was Sean Bean who will play the role of Shay Bourne. Selena Gomez was the first choice for the role of Claire Nealon but she turned down the project. Instead, Dakota Fanning was cast as Claire. On January 19, 2012 Rachel Weisz and Scott Porter signed onto the project to play as June and Kurt Nealon. On January 20, 2012 Screen Gems Production asked to co-produce the film in place of MTV Films. On January 26, 2012 author, singer-actress Hilary Duff expressed her interest in the film.

This is a document about The Lovely Bones (play)
  The Lovely Bones is a 2018 play based on the 2002 novel of the same name by Alice Sebold, adapted for the stage by Bryony Lavery.

This is a document about The Lovely Bones (film)
  In May 2000, Film4 Productions acquired feature film rights to Alice Sebold's novel The Lovely Bones, when it was a half-written manuscript. Producer Aimee Peyronnet had sought to attract studio interest to the manuscript, and an insider informed Film4's deputy head of production, Jim Wilson, of the project. The company attached Luc Besson and Peyronnet's production company Seaside to the project, two years before the novel's release. By February 2001, Lynne Ramsay was hired to direct and write the film adaptation of the novel. In July 2002, Channel 4 shut down Film4, causing Hollywood studios and producers to pursue acquisition of feature film

This is a document about Bones (TV series)
  Bones is an American crime procedural comedy-drama television series created by Hart Hanson for Fox. It premiered on September 13, 2005, and concluded on March 28, 2017, airing for 246 episodes over twelve seasons. The show is based on forensic anthropology and forensic archaeology, with each episode focusing on an FBI case file concerning the mystery behind human remains brought by FBI Special Agent Seeley Booth (David Boreanaz) to forensic anthropologist Dr. Temperance "Bones" Brennan (Emily Deschanel). It also explores the personal lives of the characters. The rest of the main cast includes Michaela Conlin, T. J. Thyne, Eric Millegan, Jonathan

This is a document about John Boyd (actor)
  Boyd with his 24 co-star Kiefer Sutherland. In 2014, Boyd began starring as FBI Special Agent James Aubrey in the Fox crime procedural comedy-drama Bones in the tenth season. He was credited as a special guest star during the season premiere titled "The Conspiracy in the Corpse" and was added to the main cast in the second episode titled "The Lance to the Heart", following the departure of John Francis Daley, who played Dr. Lance Sweets from the show at the end of the season premiere. Boyd remained on the show until it ended with the twelfth season in 2017. In 2017, in the fifth episode titled "The Tutor in the Tussle," James Aubrey (Boyd) meets with his estranged, criminal father Philip Aubrey. Philip Aubrey is played by Boyd's real-life father Guy Boyd.

This is a document about List of Bones episodes
  Bones is an American crime drama television series that premiered on September 13, 2005, on Fox. The show is based on forensic anthropology and forensic archaeology, with each episode focusing on an FBI case concerning the mystery behind human remains brought by FBI Special Agent Seeley Booth (David Boreanaz) to the forensic anthropologist Dr. Temperance "Bones" Brennan (Emily Deschanel). The rest of the main cast includes Michaela Conlin as forensic artist Angela Montenegro, T. J. Thyne as entomologist Dr. Jack Hodgins, Eric Millegan as Dr. Zack Addy (seasons 1–3; guest, 4–5, 11–12), Jonathan Adams as Dr. Daniel Goodman (season 1), Tamara Taylor as pathologist Dr. Camille Saroyan (seasons 2–12), John Francis Daley as psychologist Dr. Lance Sweets (seasons 3–10), and John Boyd as FBI agent James Aubrey (seasons 10–12).

This is a document about List of fictional police detectives
  Earl W. Wallace and William Kelley (played by Harrison Ford in Witness) ; Detective Inspector Mike Bolt – Simon Kernick ; Detective Inspector Napoleon Bonaparte – Arthur Upfield (played by James Laurenson in Boney) ; Detective Stella Bonasera – CSI: NY (played by Melina Kanakaredes) ; DS Camille Bordey – Death in Paradise ; Detective Harry Bosch – Michael Connelly (played by Titus Welliver) ; Detective Constable Gary Boyle – Ben Elton (played by Mark Addy in The Thin Blue Line) ; Detective Braenders – The Light in the Dark (played by Charles Mussett) ; Detective Aya Brea – Parasite Eve ; Inspector William Brent – Alfred Hitchcock Presents episode Banquo's Chair (played by John Williams) ;

This is a document about A Morbid Taste for Bones
  A Morbid Taste for Bones was the seventh Cadfael book to be adapted for television, very much out of sequence, by Carlton Media for distribution worldwide. It was first shown in the UK on 26 July 1996. The episode starred Derek Jacobi as Brother Cadfael, Michael Culver as Prior Robert, and Anna Friel as Sioned. The television episode makes some changes, including secondary characters and proper names. Brother John and Annest are not included, leaving only one set of young lovers for the viewer to follow. The tension between the Welsh villagers and the English monastics is played up considerably, and the acquisition of Saint

This is a document about Ken Bones
  Mansell in Heartbeat and Assistant Commissioner Bob Mullen in New Tricks. During recent years Bones has appeared in Doctors (2007), Holby City (2008 and 2010) and The Bill (1987-2009) as DCI Ted Ackroyd, as well as in the film Perfect Hideout (2008) starring Billy Zane. In 2009, he played Erasmus in Henry VIII: The Mind of a Tyrant, and in 2011 he appeared in the six-part series The Hour. He has also played a character named Sethius in popular CBBC television series Young Dracula. Ken Bones portrays Lord Halifax, British Foreign Secretary from 1938 to 1940, in 2012's Season 2 of Upstairs Downstairs, the 2010 British television series. He appeared in the Doctor Who 50th Anniversary Special

This is a document about Ken Bones
  Day of the Doctor as The General in 2013, and reprised the role in the Series 9 finale Hell Bent (2015) before passing the role on to T'Nia Miller. Bones played Publican No. 7 in The World's End (2013), and the same year it was announced that he had joined the cast of Atlantis. His most recent film appearance was as an Egyptian scribe in the 2014 epic Exodus: Gods and Kings. In 2016, he appeared in the TV series Medici: Masters of Florence. In 2017 Bones appeared in the BBC TV series Father Brown episode 5.3 "The Eve of St John" as a warlock, Eugene Bone. He played Cardinal Leto the Papal envoy in Versailles (2018).

This is a document about Jack the Ripper (miniseries)
 Michael Caine – Chief Inspector Frederick Abberline, an aging alcoholic whose quest to solve the murders gives him the strength to give up drinking ; Lewis Collins – Sergeant George Godley ; Armand Assante – Richard Mansfield, American Stage actor in the theatrical play Jekyll and Hyde ; Ray McAnally – Sir William Gull, Physician-in-Ordinary to Queen Victoria ; Ken Bones – Robert James Lees, Queen Victoria's psychic medium ; Susan George – Catherine Eddowes, fourth victim of Jack the Ripper ; Jane Seymour – Emma Prentiss ; Harry Andrews – Coroner Wynne Baxter ; Lysette Anthony – Mary Jane Kelly, fifth and

This is a document about Curtis Brown (agency)
  Nanny McPhee, The Last Legion and the voice of Ferb in Phineas and Ferb. ; Kaya Scodelario, English actress and model best known for her role in Skins ; Adam Long, British actor, probably best known for his appearance as Lewis Whippey in Happy Valley. ; Sheridan Smith, English actress, singer and dancer best known for her role in Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps. ; Stanley Tucci, American character actor, writer, producer and film director best known for his role in The Lovely Bones. ; Alicia Silverstone, American actress best known for her role in Batman & Robin. ;

Stanley Tucci plays the role of the murderer in "The Lovely Bones."


Question: what is the name of the nz women 's cricket team

Answer: White Ferns

This is a document about New Zealand women's national cricket team
  The New Zealand women's national cricket team, nicknamed the White Ferns, represents New Zealand in international women's cricket. One of eight teams competing in the ICC Women's Championship (the highest level of international women's cricket), the team is organised by New Zealand Cricket, a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC). New Zealand made its Test debut in 1935, against England, becoming the third team to play at that level. With Australia and England, New Zealand is one of only three teams to have participated in all ten editions of the Women's Cricket World Cup. The team has made the final of the tournament on four occasions, winning in 2000 and placing second in 1993, 1997, and 2009. At the Women's World Twenty20, New Zealand were runners-up in 2009 and 2010, but are yet to win the event.

This is a document about Cricket in New Zealand
 Auckland Hearts ; Canterbury Magicians ; Central Hinds ; Northern Districts (known as Northern Brave for Twenty20) ; Otago Sparks ; Wellington Blaze New Zealand Cricket involves the following women's domestic teams:

This is a document about New Zealand Cricket
 Auckland Hearts ; Canterbury Magicians ; Central Hinds ; Northern Districts (known as Northern Brave for Twenty20) ; Otago Sparks ; Wellington Blaze New Zealand Cricket involves the following women's domestic teams:

This is a document about New Zealand at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships
  New Zealand qualified a women's team.

This is a document about List of New Zealand national cricket captains
  This is a list of cricketers who have captained the New Zealand women's cricket team for at least one women's Test match.

This is a document about List of New Zealand national cricket captains
  This is a list of cricketers who have captained the New Zealand women's cricket team for at least one Twenty20 International match.

This is a document about New Zealand women's cricket team in England in 2010
  The New Zealand national women's cricket team are touring England from 29 June to 20 July 2010 where they are playing the England women's cricket team in five One Day Internationals (ODIs) and three Twenty20s Internationals (T20Is).

This is a document about New Zealand women's cricket team in England in 2018
  The New Zealand women's cricket team played the England women's cricket team in July 2018. The tour consisted of three Women's One Day Internationals (WODIs) which formed part of the 2017–20 ICC Women's Championship. Before the WODI matches, both teams played in a tri-series, with South Africa women being the third team. England Women won the three-match series 2–1.

This is a document about List of New Zealand women Test cricketers
  This is a complete list of New Zealand women Test cricketers. A Test match is an international cricket match between two of the leading cricketing nations. This list contains every woman to have played Test cricket for New Zealand. Their first Test match was English women's cragainst England, in February 1935. Their last Test was in 2004 against England. Since the team was formed, 125 women have represented New Zealand in Test cricket.

This is a document about New Zealand women's cricket team in Australia in 2018–19
  The New Zealand women's cricket team toured to play against Australia women's cricket team between September 2018 and October 2018, and again between February 2019 and March 2019. The tour consisted of three Women's One Day Internationals (WODIs), which formed part of the 2017–20 ICC Women's Championship, and three Women's Twenty20 Internationals (WT20I). Prior to the tour, Suzie Bates stepped down as captain of New Zealand Women and was replaced by Amy Satterthwaite. Australia Women won the WT20I series 3–0. They also won the WODI series 3–0.

This is a document about List of nicknames used in cricket
 Australia women's cricket team – The Southern Stars ; New Zealand women's cricket team – The White Ferns

This is a document about List of women's Australian rules football leagues
 Women's Footy NZ

This is a document about 2018 ICC Women's World Twenty20 squads
 Amy Satterthwaite (c) ; Suzie Bates ; Bernadine Bezuidenhout ; Sophie Devine ; Kate Ebrahim ; Maddy Green ; Holly Huddleston ; Hayley Jensen ; Leigh Kasperek ; Amelia Kerr ; Katey Martin ; Anna Peterson ; Hannah Rowe ; Lea Tahuhu ; Jess Watkin On 18 September 2018, New Zealand Cricket announced its squad:

This is a document about India women's cricket team in New Zealand in 2021–22
  The India women's cricket team are scheduled to play the New Zealand women's cricket team in February 2022. The tour will consist of five Women's One Day Internationals (WODIs) and one Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I). The WODI matches will be used as preparation for the 2022 Women's Cricket World Cup, also taking place in New Zealand.

This is a document about Sport in New Zealand
 Notes The national men's rugby union team is known as the "All Blacks". The national women's netball team is known as the "Silver Ferns". Historically, rugby and netball dominated team sport in New Zealand, and the national teams of other sports have acquired names which have been formed with reference to these two (see: list below). The women's rugby team is known as the "Black Ferns", rather than the "All Silvers". Some of these names seem to have arisen as genuine nicknames (e.g. "Tall Blacks", "Wheel Blacks"), and some are neologisms developed as marketing devices (e.g. Black Sticks (hockey), Black Caps (cricket)). New Zealand Badminton temporarily named their teams "Black Cocks". The men's national soccer team is called the "All Whites", as they play in an all-white strip. At the time the national soccer team was formed, an all-black strip would not have been allowed. Two notable exceptions to the "Black/Ferns" naming scheme are the "Kiwis" (men's Rugby League) and "SWANZ" (the name formerly used for women's soccer).

This is a document about New Zealand women's national cricket team record by opponent
  The New Zealand women's national cricket team represents New Zealand in international women's cricket. A full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC), the team is governed by New Zealand Cricket. The New Zealand women's national cricket team competed in international cricket for the first time in 1935 when they played against England in a English women's crone-off Test at home. They recorded their first Test victory against South Africa in 1972. , they have played 45 Test matches against four different opponentsAustralia, England, India, and South Africa. Out of these, New Zealand have won only 2 matches, against Australia and South Africa; 10 have resulted in a loss, while 33 have ended in a draw. New Zealand played their first Women's One Day International cricket (WODI) match against Trinidad and Tobago in the 1973 World Cup,

This is a document about 2020 ICC Women's T20 World Cup squads
 Sophie Devine (c) ; Suzie Bates ; Lauren Down ; Maddy Green ; Holly Huddleston ; Hayley Jensen ; Leigh Kasperek ; Amelia Kerr ; Jess Kerr ; Rosemary Mair ; Katey Martin ; Katie Perkins ; Anna Peterson ; Rachel Priest ; Lea Tahuhu On 29 January 2020, New Zealand Cricket (NZC) announced its squad.

This is a document about Jenny Hung
  Commonwealth Championships - NZ Women's team bronze medal

This is a document about New Zealand women's national ice hockey team
  The New Zealand women's national ice hockey team, nicknamed the Ice Fernz, represents New Zealand at the International Ice Hockey Federation's IIHF World Women's Championships. The women's national team is controlled by New Zealand Ice Hockey Federation. As of 2011, New Zealand has 110 female players. The New Zealand women's national team is ranked 25th in the world. The Ice Fernz name is one of many national team nicknames (indirectly) related to the All Blacks and/or the New Zealand silver tree fern.

This is a document about Australian women's cricket team in New Zealand in 2016–17
  The Australia women's national cricket team toured New Zealand in the last week of February 2017. The tour took place immediately after the completion of the Australia-New Zealand WT20I series in Australia. The two teams competed in a series of three Women's One Day International cricket (WODIs) for the Rose Bowl. Australia women won the series 2–1.

The New Zealand women's cricket team is also known as the White Ferns.


Question: who does freddie highmore play in the golden compass

Answer: Pantalaimon

This is a document about Northern Lights (Pullman novel)
  as Mrs Coulter, Seán Barrett as Lord Asriel and Iorek Byrnison, and Stephen Thorne as the Master and Farder Coram. The National Theatre in London staged a two-part adaptation of the trilogy in 2003–2004. Sega released a video game of the movie adaptation of the book, titled The Golden Compass and developed by Shiny Entertainment, on 4 December 2007. Players assume the role of Lyra as she travels through the frozen wastes of the North in an attempt to rescue her friend kidnapped by a mysterious organisation known as the Gobblers. Travelling with her are an armoured polar bear and her dæmon Pantalaimon (Pan). Together,

This is a document about His Dark Materials
  to deliver on the second and third". In May 2006, Pullman said of a version of the script that "all the important scenes are there and will have their full value"; in March 2008, he said of the finished film that "a lot of things about it were good.... Nothing can bring out all that's in the book. There are always compromises". The Golden Compass film stars Dakota Blue Richards as Lyra, Nicole Kidman as Mrs Coulter, and Daniel Craig as Lord Asriel. Eva Green plays Serafina Pekkala, Ian McKellen voices Iorek Byrnison, and Freddie Highmore voices Pantalaimon. While Sam Elliott blamed the Catholic Church's opposition for forcing the cancellation of any adaptations of the rest of the trilogy, The Guardians film critic Stuart Heritage believed disappointing reviews may have been the real reason.

This is a document about The Golden Compass (video game)
  The Golden Compass is an action-adventure/puzzle game played from a third-person perspective. Players control either Lyra Belacqua and her dæmon Pan, or the panserbjørn Iorek Byrnison. Lyra's levels primarily involve platforming, stealth and puzzle solving, whilst Iorek's are mainly melee combat based. A major aspect of the gameplay in Lyra's levels involves the shape-shifting ability of Pan, who can transform into four different forms; Ermine, Sloth, Hawk and Wildcat, with each form having its own unique ability. The Ermine's ability is "Insight", which allows Lyra to discover information about her surroundings, find hotspots, and reveal secrets. The Sloth's ability is "Whip",

This is a document about The Golden Compass (video game)
  The Golden Compass was the last game developed by Shiny before Foundation 9 Entertainment merged them with The Collective. A significant feature has Dakota Blue Richards and Freddie Highmore reprising their roles from the film. The game received primarily negative reviews across all platforms, with many reviewers arguing the plot was incomprehensible unless one were familiar with the film and/or novel. Other common criticisms included graphical glitches, poor gameplay and level design, bugs, and a general sense that the game was rushed to release before it was ready (a common aspect of licensed tie in games from this era).

This is a document about List of His Dark Materials and The Book of Dust characters
  after they are released from the Land of the Dead in The Amber Spyglass. After this task is done, Lee allows himself to dissolve so that his atoms can be mixed with the atoms of Hester and his other loved ones. Phillip Pullman said of Scoresby's name that "the Lee part comes from the actor Lee Van Cleef ... because I thought my Lee would look like him, and the Scoresby comes from William Scoresby, who was a real Arctic explorer." American actor Sam Elliott plays Lee Scoresby in the film The Golden Compass while James Horan voices him in the video game adaption. Lin-Manuel Miranda plays the character in the His Dark Materials TV series. In the audiobooks Lee is played by Garrick Hagon, who also directed the productions.

This is a document about List of His Dark Materials and The Book of Dust characters
  The Master of Jordan heads Jordan College, part of Oxford University in Lyra's world. Helped by other Jordan College employees, he is raising the supposedly orphaned Lyra. In La Belle Sauvage, he offers scholastic refuge to Lyra. In Northern Lights, he tries unsuccessfully to poison Lord Asriel, hoping that it will protect Lyra and prevent conflict. In The Amber Spyglass, he offers Lyra a place to live at Jordan, and funding for her education. In the film The Golden Compass, he is played by Jack Shepherd. In the television adaptation, he is played by Clarke Peters, and in the audiobooks he is voiced by Stephen Thorne.

This is a document about Freddie Highmore
  the adventure fantasy film The Golden Compass (2007) and its video game of the same name. He then portrayed the title character in the drama film August Rush (2007). The story follows a musical prodigy as he searches for his birth parents. This film received a wide release on 21 November 2007. Highmore next starred in the dual role of American twins Simon Grace and Jared Grace in the fantasy adventure film The Spiderwick Chronicles (2008), based on the popular children's stories of the same name by Tony DiTerlizzi. The film also had a video game, The Spiderwick Chronicles, in which Highmore reprised the characters of Simon and Jared in a voice role.

This is a document about List of Merlin characters
  Grettir (portrayed by Warwick Davis) Grettir is a mysterious dwarf Warlock who has many unknown powers. Grettir guarded the bridge leading the way to The Fisher King's kingdom and anticipated the arrival of Arthur Pendragon, Merlin, and Gwaine. He desired the Fisher King's kingdom to be returned to its former glory. When Arthur first arrived alone, Grettir met him on the bridge and knew him at once, referring to him as Courage. He also inquired as to the whereabouts of Magic and Strength, demonstrating some element of foresight as these were later shown to be Merlin and Gwaine respectively. When Arthur crossed the bridge on his quest for the Trident, Grettir noticed the Phoenix Eye on his wrist

This is a document about Northern Lights (Pullman novel)
  must use a truth-telling alethiometer and other items to explore the land and fight their way through confrontations to help Lyra's friend. The Golden Compass features a mix of fighting and puzzle-solving with three characters. On 3 November 2019, BBC One began broadcast of their TV adaptation of His Dark Materials. This first series mainly covers events from Northern Lights. It premiered on HBO on 4 November 2019 in the United States. The series was produced by Bad Wolf and New Line Cinema and directed by Tom Hooper. Cast members included Dafne Keen, James McAvoy, Ruth Wilson, Lin-Manuel Miranda, Ian Gelder, and Ruta Gedmintas.

This is a document about The Golden Compass (video game)
  The Golden Compass was unveiled on February 27, 2007, when Sega announced the game was being developed by Shiny Entertainment for PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable, Xbox 360, Wii and Microsoft Windows, and by A2M for Nintendo DS. Sega revealed there would be thirteen levels in the game, including several locations not seen in the film, and players would be able to control Lyra, Pan and Iorek. The game would also feature the likenesses of the films' stars, but as of yet, voice acting roles had not been assigned. Footage of the game was first shown on May 10, when it was revealed that Shiny

This is a document about Gamekeepers in the United Kingdom
 Alec Scudder in Maurice by E. M. Forster ; Mellors in Lady Chatterley's Lover by D. H. Lawrence ; Rubeus Hagrid in the Harry Potter series ; Tom Redruth in Treasure Island by Robert Louis Stevenson ; Phillip White in Lark Rise to Candleford ; Several characters past and present in the BBC Radio 4 soap opera The Archers e.g. Andrew Gach ; Joseph in Hautot and His Son by Guy de Maupassant ; William Crowder in The Boscombe Valley Mystery by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle ; The Gamekeeper by Barry Hines ; Kincade in Skyfall ; Golly Mackenzie in Monarch of the Glen ; The Gamekeeper at Home by Richard Jefferies - 1878 ; Robert Muldoon in Jurassic Park ; Jocelyn Greedon in Doctors ; Nield in Downton Abbey

This is a document about Justin and the Knights of Valour
  Justin (Freddie Highmore) lives in the kingdom of Gabylonia, where lawyers control everything and knights have been ousted. His dream is to be one of the Knights of Valour, like his grandfather, Sir Roland. But his father Reginald (Alfred Molina), a widower and the chief counsel to the Queen (Olivia Williams), wants his son to follow in his footsteps and become a lawyer. After an argument with his father, Justin seeks comfort from his grandmother (Julie Walters), a friend of the Queen, who encourages him to follow his dreams. Justin notices that his grandfather's sword is missing and decides to find it as his first quest. His

This is a document about List of Kingsman characters
  and has been under their care for over a year. Eggsy marries Princess Tilde after he and Harry save the world from the Golden Circle's virus outbreak. Hamish Mycroft, also known as "Merlin" (Mark Strong), is Kingsman's Scottish tech support officer and head of recruit training. He is based on Rupert Greaves from the graphic novel. In 1997, Merlin's life was saved along with Harry by Eggsy's father. Upon the revelation of Arthur working with Valentine, Merlin brings Eggsy and Roxy directly to Valentine's secret lair, as it is unknown which other Kingsman agents have sided with Valentine. The trio successfully stop Valentine's plan with their

This is a document about The Shadow Dragons
  owl; and Stellan Sigurdsson retrieve and repair Caliburn. The Caretakers are betrayed by Rudyard Kipling and Daniel Defoe but supported when Burton, Doyle, and Houdini defect from the Imperial Cartological Society. Charles and the badger Fred pursue Defoe and burn down the Shadow King's Keep. When Rose, Archimedes, and Quixote return, the Nameless Isles are under siege by children governed by the Shadow King since 1926, under the sub-antagonist Chancellor Murdoch, who, through the Lance of Longinus, can command the shadows of all Dragons except of the Dragon Samaranth. The children are driven back by the Tin Man (Roger Bacon), and the shadows of the Dragons are prevented

This is a document about List of His Dark Materials and The Book of Dust characters
  Street, a secret society opposing the influence of the Church. He obtains information about Mrs Coulter, fights Gerard Bonneville, and warns Malcolm Polstead of the upcoming flood. He accompanies Lyra to Bolvangar to rescue the captured children and guides her in mastering the alethiometer. Coram re-appears briefly at the conclusion of The Amber Spyglass when he and other Gyptians are drawn into the world of the Mulefa to meet Lyra and bring her home before the worlds separate once again. 'Farder' is possibly a dialect variant of 'Father', honouring his role as 'Elder' to the Gyptians. He is played by Tom Courtenay in the film The Golden Compass. In the film The Golden Compass, his dæmon is a caracal, an African, lynx-like wildcat. James Cosmo plays the character in the His Dark Materials TV series, whilst Stephen Thorne provides his voice in the audiobooks.

This is a document about Raven (1977 TV series)
  been a single individual but an inherited office and he emphasises the notion of Arthur and his knights slumbering below the West Country landscape awaiting the call to return to action in a time of peril, more as an idea than a physical reality. The programme consistently featured the sign of Pluto (referencing Plutonium as a by-product of a nuclear reactions), a symbol for Raven's quest. Other cast members in the serial included Michael Aldridge, Patsy Rowlands, James Kerry, Shirley Cheriton and Tenniel Evans. The core of the story is the central Sage/Apprentice Hero relationship between Professor Young and Raven, representing

This is a document about Unseen University
  be contacted by her. In the future, she becomes a close friend of the adult Tiffany Aching. Esk is mentioned briefly again in The Shepherd's Crown, with an (unnamed) son. ; Victor Tugelbend (in Moving Pictures) ; Adrian Turnipseed, aka Big Mad Drongo, aka Big Mad Adrian (to Archchancellor Ridcully only) (in Soul Music, The Last Continent, Hogfather and others). A geeky wizard who works with Ponder Stibbons at the High Energy Magic Building. By the time of Unseen Academicals Adrian Turnipseed was working for Braseneck College and fulfilling an equivalent role there to UU's Ponder Stibbons. ; Mr. Sideney: A member of Teatime's gang who break into the Tooth Fairy's castle. In the film adaptation of Hogfather, he is portrayed by Nigel Planer.

This is a document about Kröd Mändoon and the Flaming Sword of Fire
  late mentor, and Bruce's lover. Appears at different times in spirit form to advise Kröd regarding his 'Golden-One' abilities and duties. ; Michael Gambon (UK) Chris Parnell (US) as The Narrator who adds context to the series' long story arc that concludes with the neutralization of the Eye of Grymna. ; Emperor Xanus: The much talked about but unseen ruler of the land. Xanus is a tyrant and has appointed Dongalor as Chancellor of Hessemeel. Xanus is apparently unaware that Dongalor possesses the Eye of Gulga Grymna and Dongalor states that he intends to use the Eye to "kill Emperor Xanus and take the Crown."

This is a document about List of The Sandman characters
  inhabitants of the house. He later appears throughout the "Parliament of Rooks" story in Fables and Reflections, and briefly at the beginning of Brief Lives. He also accompanies Abel in The Kindly Ones and is with him when he gets murdered by the Furies, crying when his master is killed. He is later seen playing with Daniel Hall. Goldie later takes on a pivotal role as the guardian of the tree of life in the Sandman spin-off series The Dreaming. On his/her quest to the tree, a search party forms. He was retconned into a female gargoyle for the new series. Goldie is named after the "'imaginary' friend" to whom Abel would tell his early stories in the pages of

This is a document about Lord Drinian
  it. She later lured Rilian into the underworld. A decade later, Eustace Scrubb and Jill Pole entered Narnia and along with their guide, Puddleglum the marshwiggle, they found their way into the underworld to save Rilian, who then killed the Lady of the Green Kirtle, and returned to Narnia. During the primary narrative of The Silver Chair, which takes place a decade after Rilian's disappearance, Drinian accompanies Caspian as he voyages through the seas explored in The Voyage of the Dawn Treader. Caspian had told his people that he wanted to make this voyage to see again the place of his youth,

Freddie Highmore plays the role of Lyra Belacqua in the Golden Compass film.


Question: when was the national ization of indian railway done

Answer: 1951

This is a document about Secunderabad Junction railway station
  On 5 November 1951, Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway was nationalized by the government of India and merged into the government-owned Indian Railways (IR) as part of the Ministry of Railways. The Secunderabad station was assigned to the Central Railway zone, with Victoria Terminus its headquarters. In 1966, the South Central Railway zone was formed with Secunderabad its headquarters (as well as the headquarters of Indian Railways' Secunderabad Division. Rail Nilayam (the zone headquarters) was built in 1972, and the division headquarters was built in 1980. The Indian Railways Institute of Signal Engineering and Telecommunications (IRISET), one of IR's six centralised training institutes, was established in

This is a document about Rail transport in India
  India's railways were re-organised into regional zones beginning in 1951 with the creation of the Southern Railway on 14 April and the Central Railway and Western Railways on 5 November. The post of Chief Commissioner of Railways was abolished and the Railway Board adopted the practice of making its senior-most member chairman. In the same year, the government of West Bengal entered into an agreement with Calcutta Tramways Co. to take over its administrative functions. On 14 April 1952, the Northern Railway, the Eastern Railway and the North-Eastern Railway were created. On 1 August 1955 the South-Eastern Railway was split from the Eastern Railway, and, the following year, divisional systems of administration were set up for the various regional zones. In 1958, the North-Eastern Railway split to form a new Northeast Frontier Railway. In 1952,

This is a document about Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway
  In 1950, the NGSR and HGVR were nationalised and in 1951 became part of Central Railway, a zone of Indian Railways. It was later re-zoned to South Central Railway, another zone of Indian Railways. All the metre-gauge lines were gradually converted to the nationwide rail standard, broad gauge, from 1992 to 2004.

This is a document about Rail transport in India
  The first railway budget was presented in 1924. The Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway was merged with the East Indian Railway Company (EIR) in the same year. In 1930, the route of the Grand Trunk Express was changed to Delhi–Madras. On 3 February 1925, India's first electric passenger train ran between Victoria Terminus (VT) and Kurla on 1500 V DC overhead traction with locomotives provided by the Cammell Laird and Uerdingenwagonfabrik companies. Later that year the VT–Bandra section was electrified with an elevated platform at Sandhurst Road. Kurla–Kalyan and lines to Poona and Igatpuri were electrified in 1926 and the Bandra–Virar section was

This is a document about Economic history of India
  at colonial purpose, local needs, capital, service and private-versus-public interests. He concluded that making the railways dependent on the state hindered success, because railway expenses had to go through the same bureaucratic budgeting process as did all other state expenses. Railway costs could therefore not respond to needs of the railways or their passengers. In 1951, forty-two separate railway systems, including thirty-two lines owned by the former Indian princely states, were amalgamated to form a single unit named the Indian Railways. The existing rail systems were abandoned in favor of zones in 1951 and a total of six zones came into being in 1952.

This is a document about Railway in Haryana
  idea impractical. In 1927–28, New Delhi Capital Works project involving construction of 4.79 mi of new lines was completed. The Viceroy and royal retinue entered the city through the new railway station during the inauguration of New Delhi in 1931. New structures were added to the railway station later and the original building served as the parcel office for many years. In 1951, on 5 November the Jodhpur–Bikaner line was merged with the Western Railway. Sometime around or prior to 1991, the construction work for the conversion from meter gauge to wide  broad gauge of the Jodhpur–Bikaner line, along with the link to

This is a document about Asansol–Tatanagar–Kharagpur line
  The Bengal Nagpur Railway was nationalized in 1944. Eastern Railway was formed on 14 April 1952 with the portion of East Indian Railway Company east of Mughalsarai and the Bengal Nagpur Railway. In 1955, South Eastern Railway was carved out of Eastern Railway. It comprised lines mostly operated by BNR earlier.

This is a document about Bina–Katni line
  The line was established in the year 1923 before India got independence, making it one of the oldest train routes in India. It was started with a single track which was later converted to double track in 1982. It got electrified in year 1991

This is a document about Gunupur railway station
  After Indian Independence it was merged with North Eastern Railway. surveys were undertaken for broad gauge conversion in 1950 and again in 1964 and 1967. The foundation stone was finally laid for the Naupada–Gunupur gauge conversion work at Naupada on 27 September 2002. With effect from 1 April 2003 it became a part of the newly formed East Coast Railway. The line was finally closed for gauge conversion on 9 June 2004. After a long wait, the work was completed and the first train from Gunupur, on broad-gauge line started on 21 August 2011. Services were restarted on 21 August 2011 with the introduction of Puri–Gunupur Passenger.

This is a document about Southern Railway zone
  In 1944, all Railway companies were taken over by the Government. And three years later, when India woke up to independence in 1947, the stage was set for the integration of different Railways into smaller zones. In 1948, immediately after independence, there were as many as 42 different railway systems – a multiplicity of railway administrations, varying in size and standards. The regrouping proposals put forward by the various committees were studied in great detail to ensure that a unification could be achieved with the least disturbance and dislocation. Important associations of railway-users, Chambers of Commerce and Industry, the State Governments and acknowledged experts both in India and abroad were fully consulted. N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar, the then Minister for Railways, was the principal architect of the regrouping of Indian Railways. In December 1950, the Central Advisory Committee for Railways

This is a document about Vadodara
  Vadodara was part of the historic Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway (BBCI), which arrived in the city in January 1861. On 5 November 1951 the BBCI Railway was merged with the Saurashtra, Rajputana and Jaipur railways to create the Western Railway. Vadodara Railway Station now belongs to the Western Railway zone of Indian Railways and is a major junction on the Western Railway Main Line. The under-construction Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor, India's first High-speed rail line will have a stop at the existing Vadodara Junction railway station. The station is planned for renovation to accommodate the new line. Vadodara Metro rail Gujarat Metro rail corporation planning metro train in Vadodara

This is a document about Economy of India under the British Raj
  the 1920s. Christensen (1996) looks at of colonial purpose, local needs, capital, service, and private-versus-public interests. He concludes that making the railways a creature of the state hindered success because railway expenses had to go through the same time-consuming and political budgeting process as did all other state expenses. Railway costs could therefore not be tailored to the timely needs of the railways or their passengers. In 1951, forty-two separate railway systems, including thirty-two lines owned by the former Indian princely states, were amalgamated to form a single unit named Indian Railways. The existing rail systems were abandoned in favor of zones in 1951 and a total of six zones came into being in 1952.

This is a document about History of rail transport in India
  mandated for all compartments in all classes of passenger accommodations in 1952, and sleeping accommodations were introduced in coaches. On 1 August 1955, the South-Eastern zone was split off from the Eastern Railway zone. A divisional system of administration was established for the zones in 1956, and the first fully air-conditioned train was introduced (between Howrah and Delhi). In 1957, after successful trials in France, SNCF proposed 25 kV AC electrification for India's railways. Indian Railways decided to adopt 25 kV AC electrification, choosing SNCF as a technical consultant. The Main Line Electrification Project (which later became the Railway Electrification Project and, still

This is a document about 1947 in rail transport
 August 6 – The Transport Act 1947 is passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom providing for the nationalisation of all major British railways in 1948. August 14–15 – The Partition of India leads to transfer of large parts of the North Western, Bengal Assam and Jodhpur Railways to a new Pakistan Railways organisation, and large-scale population transfer between the two countries by rail. The Jammu–Sialkot Line is abandoned as a through route.

This is a document about History of rail transport in India
  The re-organisation of railways in India into regional zones began in 1951. On 14 April of that year, the Southern Railway zone was created. On 5 November, the Central and Western Railway zones were created. That year, the post of Chief Commissioner of Railways was abolished and the Railway Board adopted the practice of making its senior-most member the chairman of the board. The government of West Bengal also entered into an agreement with the Calcutta Tramways Company to take over its administrative functions that year. The Northern, Eastern and North Eastern Railway zones were created on 14 April 1952. Fans and lights

This is a document about Parvathipuram Town railway station
  The Bengal Nagpur Railway was nationalized in 1944. Eastern Railway was formed on 14 April 1952 with the portion of East Indian Railway Company east of Mughalsarai and the Bengal Nagpur Railway. In 1955, South Eastern Railway was carved out of Eastern Railway. It comprised lines mostly operated by BNR earlier. New zones were started in April 2003 and then East Coast Railway and South East Central Railway were carved out from North Eastern Railway.

This is a document about Bilaspur–Nagpur section
  1913 and extended up to Chanda. The Bhilai–Dalli Rajhara line mainly for iron ore transportation was opened in 1958. Bhilai Steel Plant was opened in 1959. The Bengal Nagpur Railway was nationalized in 1944. Eastern Railway was formed on 14 April 1952 with the portion of East Indian Railway Company east of Mughalsarai and the Bengal Nagpur Railway. In 1955, South Eastern Railway was carved out of Eastern Railway. It comprised lines mostly operated by BNR earlier. Amongst the new zones started in April 2003 were East Coast Railway and South East Central Railway. Both these railways were carved out of South Eastern Railway.

This is a document about 1925 in rail transport
 January 1 – Government of India takes over East Indian Railway Company.

This is a document about Railway in Haryana
  On 1 April 2003, North Central Railway zone was created. By September 2006, the second metre gauge track from Sarai Rohilla to Rewari was also converted to broad gauge and all metre gauge trains stopped operating between Rewari and Sarai Rohilla (though the converted track was opened for public use only in October 2007). Between 2008 and 2011, the Bikaner–Rewari line was converted to broad gauge. In 2009, the metre gauge Hisar-Sadulpur section was converted to broad gauge. In 2010-11 Rail Budget, Panipat-Meerut line 104 km survey was announced and the project implementation was approved in 2017-18 budget with an outlay of INR948 crore. In 2013, Chandigarh-Sahnewal line (also referred to as Ludhiana-Chandigarh rail link) was inaugurated. In

This is a document about Eastern Railway zone
  The East Indian Railway (EIR) Company was incorporated in 1845 to connect eastern India with Delhi. The first train ran here between and  on 15 August 1854. The train left Howrah station at 8:30 a.m. and reached Hooghly in 91 minutes. The management of the East Indian Railway was taken over by the British Indian government on 1 January 1925. The Eastern Railway was formed on 14 April 1952 by amalgamating three lower divisions of the East Indian Railway: Howrah, Asansol and Danapur, the entire Bengal Nagpur Railway (BNR) and the Sealdah division of the erstwhile Bengal Assam Railway (which was already added to the East Indian Railway on 15 August 1947). On 1 August 1955, the portions of BNR stretching from Howrah to in the South which is

The Indian Railways were nationalized on 14 November 1951.


Question: where does the energy to drive photosynthesis come from

Answer: light energy

This is a document about Photosynthesis
   Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that, through cellular respiration, can later be released to fuel the organism's activities. Some of this chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars and starches, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek phōs (φῶς), "light", and sunthesis (σύνθεσις), "putting together". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product that stores three times more chemical energy than the carbohydrates. Most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are

This is a document about Thylakoid
  The first step in photosynthesis is the light-driven reduction (splitting) of water to provide the electrons for the photosynthetic electron transport chains as well as protons for the establishment of a proton gradient. The water-splitting reaction occurs on the lumenal side of the thylakoid membrane and is driven by the light energy captured by the photosystems. This oxidation of water conveniently produces the waste product O2 that is vital for cellular respiration. The molecular oxygen formed by the reaction is released into the atmosphere.

This is a document about Photodissociation
  At the end of this cycle, free oxygen (O2) is generated and the hydrogen of the water molecules has been converted to four protons released into the thylakoid lumen (Dolai's S-state diagrams). These protons, as well as additional protons pumped across the thylakoid membrane coupled with the electron transfer chain, form a proton gradient across the membrane that drives photophosphorylation and thus the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The electrons reach the P700 reaction center of photosystem I where they are energized again by light. They are passed down another electron transfer chain and finally combine with the coenzyme NADP+

This is a document about Metabolism
  The energy in sunlight is captured by plants, cyanobacteria, purple bacteria, green sulfur bacteria and some protists. This process is often coupled to the conversion of carbon dioxide into organic compounds, as part of photosynthesis, which is discussed below. The energy capture and carbon fixation systems can, however, operate separately in prokaryotes, as purple bacteria and green sulfur bacteria can use sunlight as a source of energy, while switching between carbon fixation and the fermentation of organic compounds. In many organisms, the capture of solar energy is similar in principle to oxidative phosphorylation, as it involves the storage of energy as a proton concentration gradient. This proton motive force then drives ATP synthesis The electrons needed to drive this electron transport chain come from light-gathering proteins

This is a document about Biology
  Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organism's metabolic activities via cellular respiration. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water. In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis, which is largely responsible for producing and maintaining the oxygen content of the Earth's atmosphere, and supplies most of the energy necessary for life on Earth. Photosynthesis has four stages: Light absorption, electron transport, ATP synthesis, and carbon fixation. Light absorption is the initial step of photosynthesis whereby light

This is a document about Photosynthesis
  photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis is largely responsible for producing and maintaining the oxygen content of the Earth's atmosphere, and supplies most of the energy necessary for life on Earth. Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centers that contain green chlorophyll (and other colored) pigments/chromophores. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such

This is a document about Photosystem
  energy by fluorescence back to the ground state, which would not allow plants to drive photosynthesis.) The reaction center will drive photosynthesis by taking light and turning it into chemical energy that can then be used by the chloroplast or is released in weakly-bonded O2. Two families of reaction centers in photosystems can be distinguished: type I reaction centers (such as photosystem I (P700) in chloroplasts and in green-sulfur bacteria) and type II reaction centers (such as photosystem II (P680) in chloroplasts and in non-sulfur purple bacteria). The two photosystems originated from a common ancestor, but have since diversified. Each

This is a document about Photoheterotroph
 n CO2 + 2n H2D + photons → (CH2O)n + 2n D + n H2O, CO2 + pyruvate + ATP (from photons) → malate + ADP +Pi carbohydrate + O2 → malate + CO2 + energy. Photoheterotrophs generate ATP using light, in one of two ways: they use a bacteriochlorophyll-based reaction center, or they use a bacteriorhodopsin. The chlorophyll-based mechanism is similar to that used in photosynthesis, where light excites the molecules in a reaction center and causes a flow of electrons through an electron transport chain (ETS). This flow of electrons through the proteins causes hydrogen ions to be pumped

This is a document about Photoinhibition
  water uptake efficiency was seen to significantly improve, resulting in new methods for prompting higher, more productive crop yields. These recent discoveries tie together two of the largest mechanisms in phytobiology; these are the influences that the light reactions have upon stomatal aperture via the Calvin Benson Cycle. To elaborate, the Calvin-Benson Cycle, occurring in the stroma of the chloroplast obtains its CO2 from the atmosphere which enters upon stomatal opening. The energy to drive the Calvin-Benson cycle is a product of the light reactions. Thus, the relationship has been discovered as such: when PsBs is silenced, as expected, the excitation

This is a document about Dioxygen in biological reactions
 6 + 6 + photons → + 6 In nature, free oxygen is produced by the light-driven splitting of water during oxygenic photosynthesis. Green algae and cyanobacteria in marine environments provide about 70% of the free oxygen produced on earth. The remainder is produced by terrestrial plants, although for example, almost all oxygen produced in tropical forests is consumed by organisms living there. A simplified overall formula for photosynthesis is: (or simply carbon dioxide + water + sunlight → glucose + oxygen) Photolytic oxygen evolution during photosynthesis occurs via the light-dependent oxidation of water to molecular oxygen and can be written as the following simplified chemical reaction:  2H2O → 4e− + 4H+ + O2 The reaction occurs in the thylakoid membranes of cyanobacteria, and algal and plant chloroplasts and requires the energy of four photons. The electrons from the oxidized water molecules replace electrons in the P680 component

This is a document about Photosystem
  of the OEC are 4 Mn atoms, each of which can trap one electron. The electrons harvested from the splitting of two waters fill the OEC complex in its highest-energy state, which holds 4 excess electrons. Electrons travel through the cytochrome b6f complex to photosystem I via an electron transport chain within the thylakoid membrane. Energy from PSI drives this process and is harnessed (the whole process is termed chemiosmosis) to pump protons across the membrane, into the thylakoid lumen space from the chloroplast stroma. This will provide a potential energy difference between lumen and stroma, which amounts to a proton-motive force that can be utilized by the proton-driven ATP synthase to generate ATP.

This is a document about Marine primary production
   Chloroplasts (from the Greek chloros for green, and plastes for "the one who forms" ) are organelles that conduct photosynthesis, where the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight, converts it, and stores it in the energy-storage molecules while freeing oxygen from water in plant and algal cells. They then use the stored energy to make organic molecules from carbon dioxide in a process known as the Calvin cycle. A chloroplast is a type of organelle known as a plastid, characterized by its two membranes and a high concentration of chlorophyll. They are highly dynamic—they circulate and are moved around within plant cells, and occasionally pinch in two

This is a document about Botany
  water by oxygenic photosynthesis, a process that generates molecular oxygen (O2) as a by-product. The light energy captured by chlorophyll a is initially in the form of electrons (and later a proton gradient) that's used to make molecules of ATP and NADPH which temporarily store and transport energy. Their energy is used in the light-independent reactions of the Calvin cycle by the enzyme rubisco to produce molecules of the 3-carbon sugar glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is the first product of photosynthesis and the raw material from which glucose and almost all other organic molecules of biological origin are synthesised. Some of the glucose is converted to starch which is stored

This is a document about Electron transport chain
  membrane. The energy released by the reaction of oxygen with reduced compounds such as cytochrome c and (indirectly) NADH and FADH is used by the electron transport chain to pump protons into the intermembrane space, generating the electrochemical gradient over the inner mitochondrial membrane. In photosynthetic eukaryotes, the electron transport chain is found on the thylakoid membrane. Here, light energy drives the reduction of components of the electron transport chain and therefore causes subsequent synthesis of ATP. In bacteria, the electron transport chain can vary over species but it always constitutes a set of redox reactions that are coupled to the synthesis of ATP, through the generation of an electrochemical gradient, and oxidative phosphorylation through ATP synthase.

This is a document about Chloroplast
  Like mitochondria, chloroplasts use the potential energy stored in an H+, or hydrogen ion gradient to generate ATP energy. The two photosystems capture light energy to energize electrons taken from water, and release them down an electron transport chain. The molecules between the photosystems harness the electrons' energy to pump hydrogen ions into the thylakoid space, creating a concentration gradient, with more hydrogen ions (up to a thousand times as many) inside the thylakoid system than in the stroma. The hydrogen ions in the thylakoid space then diffuse back down their concentration gradient, flowing back out into the stroma through ATP synthase. ATP synthase uses the energy from the flowing hydrogen ions to phosphorylate adenosine diphosphate into adenosine triphosphate, or ATP. Because chloroplast ATP synthase projects out into the stroma, the ATP is synthesized there, in position to be used in the dark reactions.

This is a document about History of Earth
  The earliest cells absorbed energy and food from the surrounding environment. They used fermentation, the breakdown of more complex compounds into less complex compounds with less energy, and used the energy so liberated to grow and reproduce. Fermentation can only occur in an anaerobic (oxygen-free) environment. The evolution of photosynthesis made it possible for cells to derive energy from the Sun. Most of the life that covers the surface of the Earth depends directly or indirectly on photosynthesis. The most common form, oxygenic photosynthesis, turns carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into food. It captures the energy of sunlight in energy-rich molecules such as ATP, which then provide the energy to make sugars. To supply the electrons in

This is a document about Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
  the linkage. Natural sources of atmospheric include volcanic outgassing, the combustion of organic matter, wildfires and the respiration processes of living aerobic organisms. Man-made sources of include the burning of fossil fuels for heating, power generation and transport, as well as some industrial processes such as cement making. It is also produced by various microorganisms from fermentation and cellular respiration. Plants, algae and cyanobacteria convert carbon dioxide to carbohydrates by a process called photosynthesis. They gain the energy needed for this reaction from absorption of sunlight by chlorophyll and other pigments. Oxygen, produced as a by-product of photosynthesis, is released into the atmosphere and subsequently used for respiration by heterotrophic organisms and other plants,

This is a document about Astrobiology
  Sun. Plants on Earth's surface capture energy from sunlight to photosynthesize sugars from carbon dioxide and water, releasing oxygen in the process that is then consumed by oxygen-respiring organisms, passing their energy up the food chain. Even life in the ocean depths, where sunlight cannot reach, was thought to obtain its nourishment either from consuming organic detritus rained down from the surface waters or from eating animals that did. The world's ability to support life was thought to depend on its access to sunlight. However, in 1977, during an exploratory dive to the Galapagos Rift in the deep-sea exploration submersible

This is a document about Oxygen
 6 + 6  + photons →  + 6 carbon dioxide + water + sunlight → glucose + dioxygen + 6 → 6  + 6  + 2880 kJ/mol In nature, free oxygen is produced by the light-driven splitting of water during oxygenic photosynthesis. According to some estimates, green algae and cyanobacteria in marine environments provide about 70% of the free oxygen produced on Earth, and the rest is produced by terrestrial plants. Other estimates of the oceanic contribution to atmospheric oxygen are higher, while some estimates are lower, suggesting oceans produce ~45% of Earth's atmospheric oxygen each year. A simplified overall formula for photosynthesis is  or simply  Photolytic oxygen evolution occurs in the thylakoid membranes of photosynthetic organisms and requires the energy of four photons. Many steps are involved, but the result is

This is a document about Theoretical production ecology
 Climate: ; Temperature – The temperature determines the speed of respiration and the dark reaction. A high temperature combined with a low intensity of sunlight means a high loss by respiration. A low temperature combined with a high intensity of sunlight means that NADH and ATP heap up but cannot be converted into glucose because the dark reaction cannot process them swiftly enough. ; Light – Light, also called photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR) is the energy source for green plant growth. PAR powers the light reaction, which provides ATP and NADPH for the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and molecular oxygen. When

The energy to drive photosynthesis comes from sunlight. The light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll and other pigments in the chloroplasts of plants and some bacteria. This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen through a series of chemical reactions.