Question: what are the names of the two federal houses of parliament in australia

Answer: the Senate

This is a document about Parliament House, Canberra
  House, which is now known as "Old Parliament House". Construction of Australia's permanent Parliament House was delayed while its location was debated. Construction of the new building began in 1981. The principal design of the structure is based on the shape of two boomerangs and is topped by an 81 m flagpole. Parliament House contains 4,700 rooms, and many areas are open to the public. The main foyer contains a marble staircase and leads to the Great Hall, which has a large tapestry on display. The House of Representatives chamber is decorated green, while the Senate chamber has a red colour scheme. Between the two chambers is the Members' Hall, which has a water feature and is not open to the public. The Ministerial Wing houses the Prime Minister's Office and other ministerial offices.

This is a document about Bicameralism
  The bicameral Parliament of Australia consists of two Houses: the lower house is called the House of Representatives and the upper house is named the Senate. The lower house currently has 151 members, each elected from single-member constituencies, known as electoral divisions (commonly referred to as "electorates" or "seats") using full-preference instant-runoff voting. This tends to lead to the chamber being dominated by two major groups, the Liberal/National Coalition and the Labor Party. The government of the day must achieve the confidence of this House to gain and hold power. The upper house, the Senate, is also popularly elected, under the single transferable vote system of proportional representation. There are a total of 76 senators: 12 senators are elected from each of the 6 Australian

This is a document about Parliament House, Canberra
  Parliament House, also referred to as Capital Hill or simply Parliament, is the meeting place of the Parliament of Australia, and the seat of the legislative branch of the Australian Government. Located in Canberra, the Parliament building is situated on the southern apex of the Parliamentary Triangle atop Capital Hill, at the meeting point of Commonwealth, Adelaide, Canberra and Kings Avenue enclosed by the State Circle. Parliament House was designed by Mitchell/Giurgola & Thorp Architects and built by a Concrete Constructions and John Holland joint venture. It was opened on 9 May 1988 by Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia. It cost more than A$1.1 billion (equivalent to about $ billion in ) to build. Federal Parliament meetings were held in Melbourne until 1927. Between 1927 and 1988, the Parliament of Australia met in the Provisional

This is a document about Parliament of Australia
  The Parliament of Australia (officially the Federal Parliament, also called the Commonwealth Parliament) is the legislative branch of the government of Australia. It consists of three elements: the Crown (represented by the Governor-General), the Senate and the House of Representatives. The combination of two elected chambers, in which the members of the Senate represent the states and territories while the members of the House represent electoral divisions according to population, is modelled on the United States Congress. Through both chambers, however, there is a fused executive, drawn from the Westminster system. The upper house, the Senate, consists of 76 members: twelve for each state, and two each for the territories, Northern Territory (including Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands) and the Australian Capital Territory (including Norfolk Island and

This is a document about List of Australian federal elections
  This article summarises results for the general elections to the Australian House of Representatives and Senate, respectively the lower and upper houses of Australia's federal bicameral legislative body, the Parliament of Australia. The number of seats has increased steadily over time, from 111 for the first election, to the current total of 227. The current federal government structure was established in 1901 by the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act, 1901. Two groups have dominated politics in Australia: Labor and the Coalition, composed of the Liberal Party and the National Party (formerly the Country Party). Since the foundation of the Liberal Party in 1944, these two groups have formed every government. Although government has been a two-party system, since 1955 Australians have consistently elected Senators from multiple parties. In the 1955 election one DLP

This is a document about Canberra
  A new National Library was constructed within the Parliamentary Triangle, followed by the High Court and the National Gallery. Suburbs in Canberra Central (often referred to as North Canberra and South Canberra) were further developed in the 1950s and urban development in the districts of Woden Valley and Belconnen commenced in the mid and late 1960s respectively. Many of the new suburbs were named after Australian politicians such as Barton, Deakin, Reid, Braddon, Curtin, Chifley and Parkes. On 9 May 1988, a larger and permanent Parliament House was opened on Capital Hill as part of Australia's bicentenary celebrations. The Commonwealth Parliament moved there from the Provisional Parliament House, now known as Old Parliament House.

This is a document about Government House, Canberra
  Government House is situated in the south-western part of Canberra, in the suburb of Yarralumla. It is located on the shores of Lake Burley Griffin on a north-south orientation and is reached by Dunrossil Drive — named after the only Australian governor-general to die in office, Lord Dunrossil. At the entrance to the grounds are iron gates, decorated with the Royal and Commonwealth coats of arms, and a gatekeeper's cottage. The curving drive leads to the house through ornamental lawns and gardens. Between 1901, when the Commonwealth of Australia came into being, and 1927, the Parliament of Australia met in Melbourne — the capital city of

This is a document about South Canberra
 Australia's Parliament House on Capital Hill. ; Parkes contains the Parliamentary Triangle area. ; Government House the official residence of the governor general.

This is a document about 1975 Australian constitutional crisis
   As established by the Constitution of Australia, the Parliament of Australia is composed of two houses, the House of Representatives and the Senate, together with the Queen. The monarch is represented through the Governor-General, who has the executive power granted in the Constitution, as well as rarely exercised reserve powers. The reserve powers are those exercised by the Governor-General without requiring advice, which is usually signified by the phrase "Governor-General in Council". Under The Australian Constitution the Governor-General acts 'with the advice of the Federal Executive Council' in the appointment of government ministers, although ministers serve at his pleasure, and the

This is a document about Macquarie Street, Sydney
  Macquarie Street is the location of the main governmental institutions of New South Wales: Parliament House, Government House, and the Law Courts Building (which houses the Supreme Court of New South Wales) are all located along the street. "Macquarie Street" is used as a metonym for the New South Wales government (the way Whitehall, for example, is a metonym for the British government). Institutions of the Federal Government located along the street include the Sydney registries of the Federal Court of Australia and High Court of Australia, both in the Law Courts Building at Queen's Square, and the headquarters of the Reserve Bank of Australia. Macquarie Street is

This is a document about Politics of Australia
  The Parliament of Australia, also known as the Commonwealth Parliament or Federal Parliament, is the legislative branch of the government of Australia. It is bicameral, and has been influenced both by the Westminster system and United States federalism. Under Section 1 of the Constitution of Australia, Parliament consists of three components: the Monarch, the Senate, and the House of Representatives. The Australian House of Representatives has 151 members, each elected for a flexible term of office not exceeding 3 years, to represent a single electoral division, commonly referred to as an electorate or seat. Voting within each electorate utilises the instant-runoff system of preferential voting, which has

This is a document about Joint meetings of the Australian Parliament
  This article is about Joint meetings of the Australian Parliament. Australia has a bicameral federal parliament, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Subject to the Constitution of Australia, each House has its own rules, standing orders and procedures; its own presiding officer; and meets separately, at dates and times it alone decides. However, there are some occasions when the two Houses have come together as a single body.

This is a document about Old Parliament House, Canberra
   Old Parliament House, formerly known as the Provisional Parliament House, was the seat of the Parliament of Australia from 1927 to 1988. The building began operation on 9 May 1927 after Parliament's relocation from Melbourne to the new capital, Canberra. In 1988, the Commonwealth Parliament transferred to the new Parliament House on Capital Hill. It also serves as a venue for temporary exhibitions, lectures and concerts. On 2 May 2008 it was made an Executive Agency of the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. On 9 May 2009, the Executive Agency was renamed the Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Parliament House, reporting to the Special

This is a document about Ballarat
  located in the Legislative Assembly districts of Buninyong and Wendouree, with both of these seats currently held by the Australian Labor Party. In federal politics, Ballarat is located in a single House of Representatives division—the Division of Ballarat. The Division of Ballarat has been a safe Australian Labor Party seat since 2001, and was the seat of the second Prime Minister of Australia, Alfred Deakin. Law enforcement is overseen from regional police headquarters at the law complex in Dana Street with a single local police station operating in Buninyong. Due to an increase in crime rates and population, two additional local police stations were proposed in 2011 one each for the suburbs of North

This is a document about Australian Government
  Section 1 of the Australian Constitution creates a democratic legislature, the bicameral Parliament of Australia which consists of the monarch and two chambers of parliament, the Senate and the House of Representatives. Section 51 of the Constitution provides for the Australian Government's legislative powers and allocates certain powers and responsibilities (known as "heads of power") to the Federal Government. All remaining responsibilities are retained by the six states (previously separate colonies). Further, each state has its own constitution, so that Australia has seven devolved Parliaments, none of which can encroach on the functions of any other. The High Court of Australia arbitrates on any

This is a document about Australian Labor Party
  The federal parliament in 1901 was contested by each state Labour Party. In total, they won 14 of the 75 seats in the House of Representatives, collectively holding the balance of power, and the Labour members now met as the Federal Parliamentary Labour Party (informally known as the caucus) on 8 May 1901 at Parliament House, Melbourne, the meeting place of the first federal Parliament. The caucus decided to support the incumbent Protectionist Party in minority government, while the Free Trade Party formed the opposition. It was some years before there was any significant structure or organisation at a national level. Labour under Chris Watson doubled its

This is a document about Parliaments of the Australian states and territories
  The Parliaments of the Australian states and territories are legislative bodies within the federal framework of the Commonwealth of Australia. All the parliaments are based on the Westminster system, and each is regulated by its own constitution. Queensland and the two territories have unicameral parliaments, with the single house being called Legislative Assembly. The other states have a bicameral parliament, with a lower house called the Legislative Assembly (New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia) or House of Assembly (South Australia and Tasmania), and an upper house called the Legislative Council.

This is a document about Melbourne
   At the time of Australia's federation on 1 January 1901 Melbourne became the seat of government of the federated Commonwealth of Australia. The first federal parliament convened on 9 May 1901 in the Royal Exhibition Building, subsequently moving to the Victorian Parliament House, where it sat until it moved to Canberra in 1927. The Governor-General of Australia resided at Government House in Melbourne until 1930, and many major national institutions remained in Melbourne well into the twentieth century.

This is a document about Knight & Kerr
  Parliament House is one of Melbourne's best-known buildings of great public importance. It served as Australia's Federal until the early 20th Century before the construction of the Temporary Parliament House in Canberra in 1927. Parliament House is a Classical Roman Revival construction in the Doric order and references a Roman Forum emulated through its placement upon a stepped pedestal. Colonial Engineer, Charles Pasley, was originally responsible for the building of Parliament House. However, in 1856, the task was reassigned to two architects in his office, Peter Kerr and John George Knight. Knight and Kerr planned the construction of Parliament House in

This is a document about Government Houses of the British Empire and Commonwealth
 Australia, Government Houses of Australia ; Canberra, Government House (commonly known as Yarralumla) ; Sydney, Admiralty House ; New South Wales, Government House of New South Wales ; Northern Territory, Government House of Northern Territory ; Queensland, 1st Government House of Queensland, 2nd Government House of Queensland ; South Australia, Government House of South Australia ; Tasmania, Government House of Tasmania ; Victoria, Government House of Victoria ; Western Australia, Government House of Western Australia

The two federal houses of parliament in Australia are the House of Representatives and the Senate.


Question: what is the meaning of quaid e azam

Answer: Great Leader

This is a document about Quaid-i-Azam Academy
  The Quaid-i-Azam Academy is an institution of the Pakistan Government to promote the study and understanding of the personality and work of Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, his associates, the Pakistan Movement and of the various aspects of Pakistan.

This is a document about Ministry of Information & Broadcasting (Pakistan)
  The Quaid-i-Azam Academy is an institution of the Pakistan Government to promote the study and understanding of the personality and work of Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, his associates, the Pakistan Movement and of the various aspects of Pakistan.

This is a document about Township, Lahore
 Quaid-e-Azam Industrial Estate.

This is a document about Muhammad Ali Jinnah
  leaders toward greater mutual accommodation, but after his death, the lack of consensus on the distribution of political power and economic resources often turned controversial." According to Mohiuddin, "Jinnah's death deprived Pakistan of a leader who could have enhanced stability and democratic governance ... The rocky road to democracy in Pakistan and the relatively smooth one in India can in some measure be ascribed to Pakistan's tragedy of losing an incorruptible and highly revered leader so soon after independence." His birthday is observed as a national holiday, Quaid-e-Azam Day, in Pakistan. Jinnah earned the title Quaid-e-Azam (meaning "Great Leader"). His other title is Baba-i-Qaum (Father of the Nation).

This is a document about Bibi Amtus Salam
  his India Wins Freedom, Maulana Azad notes that Mohammed Ali Jinnah's title of Quaid-e-Azam (Great Leader) was first popularised by Gandhi who had followed Amtus Salam's suggestion that he address Jinnah thus since the Urdu press referred to him by that title. Azad writes that in following Salam's advice without considering the consequences of his letter, which was published in the newspapers, Gandhi ended up legitimizing Jinnah's image as the Quaid before Indian Muslims. Amtus Salam was one of the women to take part in his controversial celibacy tests.. She used to sleep and bathe with him naked with another disciple, Sushila Nayyar also serving him.

This is a document about List of things named after Muhammad Ali Jinnah
 Quaid-e-Azam Inter Provincial Youth Games ; Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, Pakistan's domestic first-class cricket championship

This is a document about Quaid-e-Azam Police Medal
  Quaid-e-Azam Police Medal (abbreviated as QPM) is a gallantry award bestowed by the Islamic Republic of Pakistan to law enforcement agencies, particularly police personals to recognize their meritorious contribution to the national interest of Pakistan, and while it is a gallantry award it is also awarded posthumously. It is awarded annually by the president on the occasion of national celebration. The award recommendations are made by National Police Bureau in association with provincial police departments. The report is then sent to the Ministry of Interior for final approval of president and prime minister.

This is a document about Qasim Mahmood
  large numbers. Qasim also started explanation or praising ceremonies of new books. This tendency becomes a trend setter and every writer or publisher begins to hold an explanatory ceremony of his new book. In 1967 Qasim selected precious parts of Quaid e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah speeches and writings and then translated them into Urdu. This anthology of Pakistan founder saying was published in the name of Quaid-e-Azam ka pagam. It is first Urdu book of this kind and instantly become famous. National Urdu dailies regularly published Quaid's sayings from this book. In 1969 Govt of Pakistan decided to write

This is a document about Tamgha-e-Quaid-e-Azam
  Tamgha-e-Quaid-e-Azam, or Medal of the Great Leader (تمغۂ قائد اعظم), is a civil award conferred by the Government of Pakistan on those who have attained academic distinction in the fields of science, art, literature, or distinction in the fields of sports and nursing; or for rendering dedicated services with selfless devotion in human rights and public service. This award, like other civilian awards, is announced on August 14 each year and its investiture takes place on the following year on 16 February. It is the fifth-highest honour given by the Government of Pakistan to civilians.

This is a document about Quaid-e-Azam Solar Park
  The Quaid-e-Azam Solar Park (قائد اعظم سولر پارک) is a photovoltaic power station in Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan, named in honor of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan. In 2013, Government of Punjab, Pakistan developed the infrastructure of a 6,500 acre solar park near Bahawalpur to be able to accommodate 1,000 MWp solar power generation. The government committed to develop the first 100 MWp solar plant as a pilot project to demonstrate its viability that would attract private investors to invest for the remaining 900 MWp. The First Phase pilot plant of 100 MWp was constructed and commissioned in May 2015 at a cost of $131.15 million. It spans 500 acres (200 ha) and utilizes 392,158 solar modules. The project was immensely successful and attracted great attention from numerous domestic and international investors. However, due to opposition from competing technology power plants, political considerations and a lack of policy from the federal government, eventually only 400 MWp power generation was completed (100 MWp owned by Government of Punjab and 300 MWp by a private investor Zonergy) and the park is open to investment for the remaining capacity if the federal government will provide enabling incentives to potential investors.

This is a document about Quaid-i-Azam Academy
  The Government of Pakistan had established Quaid-i-Azam Papers Project in 1990 to edit and publish Papers of Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah called Quaid-i-Azam Papers. Dr. Zawwar Hussain Zaidi formerly at the School of Oriental and African Studies University of London was appointed as Editor-in-Chief of the Project. A portion in the National Achieves building at Islamabad was given to this project for its office where the project was established. This project was later merged in to Quaid-i-Azam Academy, Karachi in 2001. It is working as Quaid-i-Azam Papers Wing in the same building, at Islamabad. The term of Dr. Zawwar Hussain Zaidi as Editor-in-Chief of the project was expired on 31 December 2008. Mr. M. Akram Shaheedi is Editor-in-Chief, Quaid-i-Azam Papers Wing Islamabad since 12-May 2009. Till to date 16 volumes of Quaid-i-Azam Papers entitled Jinnah Papers have been published in English language covering the period from 1 January 1940 to 30 September 1948. Urdu translation of some of these volumes are published in 7 volumes.

This is a document about Quaid-i-Azam University
   The University of Islamabad was established on 22 July 1967 by the Government of Pakistan. It was renamed as Quaid-i-Azam University in honor of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founder of Pakistan in 1976 - which was the year of his birth centenary. However, the spelling of the University's name were kept different i.e. "i" was used instead of "e" for Ezāfe that links the two words in Jinnah's title Quaid-e-Azam. The University offered teaching and research programs for PhD and MPhil degrees in the beginning and later offered Master's programs. The University now offers undergraduate programs as well. Quaid-i-Azam University has four different faculties and 38 departments, institutes, schools and centers.

This is a document about Fida Mohammad Khan
  Quaid-i-Azam and announced their allegiance to the All-India Muslim League. Quaid-i-Azam was driven to Torkham on the border with Afghanistan and brought back by Fida Mohammad Khan to Peshawar. For the young Fida, this was a memorable event and he never missed an opportunity to narrate the story. The PML under Mohammad Khan Junejo formed the government in the so-called 'non-party' elections of March 1985, but the President, General Zia ul Haq dismissed it on the 29th of May 1988 on account of challenges to Zia's power. Following this, Fida Khan lead a break-away faction of the PML, the so-called PML-F, which remained

This is a document about 19 Baloch Regiment
  The battalion adopted the motto of "Alquadri" in 1991. Since Qadir is name of Allah, so Alquadri means Allah's or "Allah Wali" in Urdu. Literally it means those who prevail on strength of their power.

This is a document about Pakistan Zindabad
  know that Pakistan means Muslim rule where many Muslims live, and Hindu rule where Hindus live," to which Jinnah observed that his message had reached the people and remarked that now the struggle for Pakistan was unstoppable. During the fight for an independent Pakistan the cry of Pakistan Zindabad was raised by the locals to welcome the refugees coming to Pakistan. The refugees also raised the cry in jubilation when they crossed the border. The slogans of Pakistan Zindabad and its counterpart, Hindustan Zindabad, notably found negative usage in communal riots associated with the fight for independence. On 14 August 1947, Muhammad Ali Jinnah's motorcade was welcomed by shouts of Pakistan Zindabad, Quaid-e-Azam Zindabad and flower petals all along his way from the Governor General's residence to the Constituent Assembly building and back, where he attended the Proclamation of Independence and a hoisting ceremony of the Pakistan flag.

This is a document about Imperial and royal titles of the Mughal emperors
  Al-Sultan-Al-Azam/ As-Sultwaanu-’l-’A‘azwam or (translit.) As-Sulṭānu ’l-’A‘aẓam ( السُّلْطَانُ ٱلْأَعْظَمُ ) is a Persianized Arabic imperial title meaning from the Arabic: "The Great or Most Mighty of Authority/ Sovereign/ Dominion". "Al - أَل" is an Arabic definite article meaning 'the', while Sultan (سُلْطَان) is a Persianized Arabic title (literally meaning Authority/ Sovereign/ Dominion) for autonomous rulers since the Abbasid era of Islamic history, while Azam (أَعْظَم), another Arabic word, means "Great or Most Mighty". The title was used by the early rulers of the Mughal Empire such as Babur, Humayun, Jahangir and Shah Jahan.

This is a document about Pakistan Zindabad
  The slogan is a use of the standard Urdu and Persian suffix Zindabad (Long Live) that is placed after a person or a country name. It is used to express victory, patriotism or as a prayer. In literal translation, Pakistan Zindabad means "Long Live Pakistan"; it also is rendered as "Victory to Pakistan".

This is a document about Quaid-e-Azam Library
  The Quaid-e-Azam Library is a public library in located within the Bagh-e-Jinnah in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The library was constructed in the mid 19th century during the British Raj compromises of Victorian era Lawrence and Montgomery Halls. The library has a collection of 125,000 books in English, Urdu, Arabic and Persian.

This is a document about Jinnah's Birthday
  Jinnah's Birthday, officially known as Quaid-e-Azam Day; sometimes as Quaid Day, is a public holiday of Pakistan observed annually on 25 December across the country to celebrate the birthday of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founder of Pakistan, known as Quaid-i-Azam ("Great Leader"). The event is primarily observed by the government and the citizens of the country where national flag is hoisted at major architect structures such as private and public buildings, particularly at the top of Quaid-e-Azam House in Karachi. The unified ritualistic event, usually attended by prominent leaders, military commanders and citizens, is organized at Mazar-e-Quaid, and while it is aimed at to highlight the life of Jinnah, all public and private sectors, including schools, colleges and universities remain closed to organize multiple events such as debates, seminars and exhibitions at respective locations without being involved in office management. Jinnah’s birthday is also considered a convenient date for Pakistani Christians and non-believers, as it falls on the near-universal observation of Christmas.

This is a document about Ministry of Information & Broadcasting (Pakistan)
  Quaid-i-Azam Papers Wing was established in 1990 to publish papers of Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

Quaid-e-Azam is a title given to Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan. The title translates to "Great Leader" in English.


Question: the term used to describe the contractions of the uterus

Answer: uterine contraction

This is a document about Uterine tachysystole
  use the terms defined by the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (1999a) to describe increased uterine activity as follows:  The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists amended these definitions in 2008. Uterine tachysystole is defined as more than 5 contractions in 10 minutes, averaged over a 30-minute period. The terms "hypertonus" and "hyperstimulation" are not recommended to be used. Uterine tachysystole has been reported to follow vaginally administered Prostaglandin E2 in 1 to 5 percent of women (Brindley and Sokol, 1988; Rayburn, 1989). It can be associated with placental abruption and perhaps with uterine leiomyomas. It can also refer to hyperstimulation with oxytocin.

This is a document about Cardiotocography
 Frequency: the amount of time between the start of one contraction to the start of the next contraction. ; Duration: the amount of time from the start of a contraction to the end of the same contraction. ; Resting tone: a measure of how relaxed the uterus is between contractions. With external monitoring, this necessitates the use of palpation to determine relative strength. With an IUPC, this is determined by assessing actual pressures as graphed on the paper. ; Interval: the amount of time between the end of one contraction to the beginning of the next contraction. Normal: 5 or fewer contractions in 10 minutes, averaged over a 30-minute window ; Uterine tachysystole: more than 5 contractions in 10 minutes, averaged over a 30-minute window There are several factors used in assessing uterine activity. The NICHD nomenclature defines uterine activity by quantifying the number of contractions present in a 10-minute window, averaged over 30 minutes. Uterine activity may be defined as:

This is a document about Uterine contraction
  Uterine contractions are muscle contractions of the uterine smooth muscle that occur during the menstrual cycle. Uterine contractions occur throughout the menstrual cycle in the non-pregnant state and throughout gestation.

This is a document about Uterine contraction
  Uterine contractions that occur throughout the menstrual cycle, also termed endometrial waves or contractile waves, appear to involve only the sub-endometrial layer of the myometrium.

This is a document about Uterine tachysystole
 Uterine tachysystole is defined as more than 5 contractions in 10 minutes, averaged over a 30-minute window. ; Uterine hypertonus is described as a single contraction lasting longer than 2 minutes. ; Uterine hyperstimulation is when either condition leads to a nonreassuring fetal heart rate pattern. Uterine tachysystole is a condition of excessively frequent uterine contractions during pregnancy. Because contraction counts are often measured over periods of ten minutes but averaged over periods of thirty minutes, there can be slight differences in how the cutoff is calculated. Generally it is defined as more frequently than once every two minutes. Although definitions may vary among studies,

This is a document about Placental expulsion
  Uterine contraction assists in delivering the placenta. Uterine contraction reduces the placental surface area, often forming a temporary hematoma at their former interface. Myometrial contractions can be induced with medication, usually oxytocin via intramuscular injection. The use of ergometrine, on the other hand, is associated with nausea or vomiting and hypertension. Breastfeeding soon after birth stimulates oxytocin which increases uterine tone, and through physical mechanisms uterine massage (the fundus) also causes uterine contractions.

This is a document about Uterine atony
  Uterine atony is the failure of the uterus to contract adequately following delivery. Contraction of the uterine muscles during labor compresses the blood vessels and slows flow, which helps prevent hemorrhage and facilitates coagulation. Therefore, a lack of uterine muscle contraction can lead to an acute hemorrhage, as the vasculature is not being sufficiently compressed. Uterine atony is the most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage, which is an emergency and potential cause of fatality. Across the globe, postpartum hemorrhage is a top 5 causes of maternal death. Recognition of the warning signs of uterine atony in the setting of extensive postpartum bleeding should initiate interventions aimed at regaining stable uterine contraction.

This is a document about Uterine contraction
  If implantation does not occur, the frequency of contractions remains low; but at menstruation the intensity increases dramatically to between 50 and 200 mmHg producing labor-like contractions. These contractions are sometimes termed menstrual cramps, although that term is also used for menstrual pain in general. These contractions may be uncomfortable or even painful, but they are generally significantly less painful than contractions during labour. Painful contractions are called dysmenorrhea.

This is a document about Female reproductive system
  The uterus or womb is the major female reproductive organ. The uterus provides mechanical protection, nutritional support, and waste removal for the developing embryo (weeks 1 to 8) and fetus (from week 9 until the delivery). In addition, contractions in the muscular wall of the uterus are important in pushing out the fetus at the time of birth. The uterus contains three suspensory ligaments that help stabilize the position of the uterus and limits its range of movement. The uterosacral ligaments keep the body from moving inferiorly and anteriorly. The round ligaments restrict posterior movement of the uterus. The cardinal ligaments also prevent the inferior movement of the uterus. The uterus is a pear-shaped muscular organ. Its major function is to accept a fertilized ovum which becomes implanted into the endometrium, and derives nourishment from blood vessels which develop exclusively for this purpose. The fertilized ovum becomes an embryo, develops into a fetus and gestates until childbirth. If the egg does not embed in the wall of the uterus, a female begins menstruation.

This is a document about Orgasm
  In a clinical context, orgasm is usually defined strictly by the muscular contractions involved during sexual activity, along with the characteristic patterns of change in heart rate, blood pressure, and often respiration rate and depth. This is categorized as the sudden discharge of accumulated sexual tension during the sexual response cycle, resulting in rhythmic muscular contractions in the pelvic region. However, definitions of orgasm vary and there is sentiment that consensus on how to consistently classify it is absent. At least twenty-six definitions of orgasm were listed in the journal Clinical Psychology Review. There is some debate whether certain types of sexual sensations should be accurately classified as orgasms, including female orgasms caused by G-spot stimulation alone, and the demonstration of extended or continuous orgasms

This is a document about Prolonged labor
  This refers to uterine conditions that result in the uterus not having enough coordination or strength to dilate the cervix and push the baby through the birth canal. Issues with uterine contractions are the main cause of prolonged labor during the latent phase. Contractions may not occur as of a result of uterine tumors. In addition, if the uterus is stretched, usually due to previous pregnancies or multiple gestation, contractions may be difficult. Irregular or weak contractions can be fixed through stimulation of the uterus or oxytocin infusions. Lack of contractions may be caused by an overwhelming amount of painkillers or anesthesia, by which the medications should be discontinued. In this case, it is appropriate for assisted vaginal delivery to be conducted.

This is a document about Human sexuality
  the uterus elevates and grows in size. The vaginal walls begin to produce a lubricating liquid. The second phase, called the plateau phase, is characterized primarily by the intensification of the changes begun during the excitement phase. The plateau phase extends to the brink of orgasm, which initiates the resolution stage; the reversal of the changes begun during the excitement phase. During the orgasm stage the heart rate, blood pressure, muscle tension, and breathing rates peak. The pelvic muscle near the vagina, the anal sphincter, and the uterus contract. Muscle contractions in the vaginal area create a high level of pleasure, though all orgasms are centered in the clitoris.

This is a document about Uterus
  For other uses of "Womb", see Womb (disambiguation). For the album by Nirvana, see In Utero. For siblings with the same mother but different fathers, see Uterine siblings. The uterus (from Latin "uterus", plural uteri) or womb is the main female hormone-responsive, secondary sex organ of the reproductive system in humans and most other mammals. Things occurring in the uterus are described with the term in utero. In the human, the lower end of the uterus, the cervix, opens into the vagina, while the upper end, the fundus, is connected to the fallopian tubes. It is within the uterus that the fetus develops during gestation. In the human embryo, the uterus develops from the paramesonephric ducts which fuse into the single organ known as a simplex uterus. The uterus has different forms in many other animals and in some it exists as two separate uteri known as a duplex uterus. In medicine, and related professions the term uterus is consistently used, while the Germanic-derived term womb is commonly used in everyday contexts.

This is a document about Childbirth
 Regular uterine contractions at least every six minutes with evidence of change in cervical dilation or cervical effacement between consecutive digital examinations. ; Regular contractions occurring less than 10 minutes apart and progressive cervical dilation or cervical effacement. ; At least three painful regular uterine contractions during a 10-minute period, each lasting more than 45 seconds. Definitions of the onset of labour include: Many women are known to experience what has been termed the "nesting instinct". Women report a spurt of energy shortly before going into labour. Common signs that labour is about to begin may include what is known as lightening, which is the process of the

This is a document about Uterotonic
  A uterotonic, also known as ecbolic, are pharmacological agents used to induce contraction or greater tonicity of the uterus. Uterotonics are used both to induce labor and to reduce postpartum hemorrhage. Labor induction in the third trimester of pregnancy may be required due to medical necessity or may be desired for social reasons. Generally, labor induction is indicated when the risk of carrying the pregnancy outweighs the risk of delivering. These reason include, but are not limited to, pregnancies that are prolonged, prelabor rupture of the fetal membranes, and concerns about the health and safety of the mother and/or child. There are multiple techniques available to stimulate uterine contractions including mechanical, pharmacological, and alternative medicine methods to initiate contractions prior to spontaneous onset of labor. Postpartum hemorrhage, also known as PPH, is defined as a loss of 500 mL

This is a document about Cardiotocography
 DR: Define Risk ; C: Contractions (uterine activity) ; BRa: Baseline fetal heart rate (FHR) ; V: Baseline FHR variability ; A: Presence of accelerations ; D: Periodic or episodic decelerations ; O: Changes or trends of FHR patterns over time In the US, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development sponsored a workshop to develop a standardized nomenclature for use in interpreting Intrapartum fetal heart rate and uterine contraction patterns. This nomenclature has been adopted by the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN), the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine. The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada have also published consensus statements on standardized nomenclature for fetal heart rate patterns. Interpretation of a CTG tracing requires both qualitative and quantitative description of several factors. This is commonly summed up in the following acronym, DR C BRAVADO:

This is a document about Myometrium
  The myometrium stretches (the smooth muscle cells expand in both size and number ) during pregnancy to allow for the uterus to become several times its non-gravid size, and contracts in a coordinated fashion, via a positive feedback effect on the "Ferguson reflex", during the process of labor. After delivery, the myometrium contracts to expel the placenta, and crisscrossing fibres of middle layer compress the blood vessels to minimize blood loss. A positive benefit to early breastfeeding is a stimulation of this reflex to reduce further blood loss and facilitate a swift return to prepregnancy uterine and abdominal muscle tone. Uterine smooth muscle has a phasic pattern, shifting between a contractile pattern and maintenance of a resting tone with discrete, intermittent contractions of varying frequency, amplitude and duration. As noted for the macrostructure of uterine smooth muscle, the junctional layer appears to be capable of both peristaltic and anti-peristaltic activity.

This is a document about Childbirth
  The active stage of labour (or "active phase of first stage" if the previous phase is termed "latent phase of first stage") has geographically differing definitions. The World Health Organization describes the active first stage as "a period of time characterised by regular painful uterine contractions, a substantial degree of cervical effacement and more rapid cervical dilatation from 5 cm until full dilatation for first and subsequent labours. In the US, the definition of active labour was changed from 3 to 4 cm, to 5 cm of cervical dilation for multiparous women, mothers who had given birth previously, and at 6 cm for nulliparous women, those who had not given birth before. This was done in an effort to increase the

This is a document about Myometrium
  The myometrium is the middle layer of the uterine wall, consisting mainly of uterine smooth muscle cells (also called uterine myocytes ) but also of supporting stromal and vascular tissue. Its main function is to induce uterine contractions.

This is a document about Quickening
  In pregnancy terms, quickening is the moment in pregnancy when the pregnant woman starts to feel her baby's movement in the uterus.


Question: when does marvel 's spiderman game come out

Answer: September 7 , 2018

This is a document about List of accolades received by Marvel's Spider-Man
  Most Anticipated Game at The Game Awards 2017. It was released worldwide on September 7, 2018, for the PlayStation 4. Spider-Man received "generally favorable reviews" from critics, according to review aggregator Metacritic with a score of 87 from 116 reviews; it was Metacritic's thirteenth highest-scoring PlayStation 4 game of 2018. Spider-Man sold 3.3 million units in its first three days of release, making it the fastest-selling second-party video game release in Sony's history, narrowly beating 2018's God of War 's 3.1 million. USA Today estimated the game made at least US$198 million during this period, surpassing the US$117 million North-American opening-weekend box office

This is a document about Insomniac Games
  Marvel's Spider-Man is a series of action-adventure games based on the comic book superhero Spider-Man. Players play as Peter Parker in Marvel's Spider-Man (2018), and as Miles Morales in Marvel's Spider-Man: Miles Morales (2020). The studio released Marvel's Spider-Man for the PlayStation 4 on September 7, 2018. The game received widespread positive acclaim from various critics. Since its release, the game has sold over 9 million physical and digital units worldwide by November 2018, increasing to 13.2 million copies by August 2019, making it one of the best-selling PlayStation 4 games. The game was remastered for the Ultimate Edition of

This is a document about Spider-Man (2018 video game)
  game Sunset Overdrive (2014). The game design took inspiration from the history of Spider-Man across all media but Marvel Comics and Insomniac wanted to tell an original story that was not linked to an existing property, creating a unique universe (known as Earth-1048) that has since appeared in novels, merchandise, and comics. Marvel's Spider-Man was released for the PlayStation 4 on September 7, 2018. The game received praise for its narrative, characterization, combat, and web-swinging traversal mechanics, although some criticized its open-world design for lacking innovation. A number of reviewers called it one of the best superhero games ever made, some comparing it favorably to the Batman: Arkham series. It won several year-end accolades from a variety

This is a document about Spider-Man (2018 video game)
   Spider-Man was released worldwide on September 7, 2018, exclusively for PlayStation 4. Customers who pre-ordered the game were given instant access to some unlockable, in-game features, including alternative costumes (Spider-Punk, Iron Spider, and the Velocity Suit, the latter designed by comic book artist Adi Granov), skill points to unlock abilities, the spider-drone, a Spider-Man theme featuring artwork by Granov, and a user avatar for the PlayStation software. Special versions of the game were also made available; the "Digital Deluxe" version includes access to The City That Never Sleeps three story-based DLC chapters and a limited-edition Spider-Man pin for pre-orders of this version in the U.S.

This is a document about Spider-Man (2018 video game)
  gaming publications, critics, and game award ceremonies. Marvel's Spider-Man became one of the fastest-selling games of the year, one of the best-selling PlayStation 4 games of all time, and the fastest-selling superhero game in the United States. A three-part downloadable content (DLC), Marvel's Spider-Man: The City That Never Sleeps, was released monthly from October to December 2018. A Game of the Year edition was released in August 2019, including the DLC. A follow-up game, Marvel's Spider-Man: Miles Morales, was released in November 2020 for the PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5, alongside a remastered version of Marvel's Spider-Man for the PlayStation 5. A sequel, Marvel's Spider-Man 2, is scheduled to be released in 2023 for PlayStation 5.

This is a document about Spider-Man (2018 video game)
  consulted online references and Marvel staff with extensive knowledge of the character. Spider-Man uses Insomniac's proprietary engine that was previously used in Sunset Overdrive and modified to support 4K resolutions and HDR for their 2016 game Ratchet & Clank. The game was announced in June 2016 at Sony's Electronic Entertainment Expo press conference. After approximately four years in development, Spider-Man was finalized on July 30, 2018, when it was released to manufacturing. Insomniac has refused to confirm a sequel to Spider-Man but Intihar said the developers wanted the audience debating what they might do. He said they wanted to keep players engaged, starting with the Spider-Man: The City That Never Sleeps downloadable content (DLC), whose story continues after the conclusion of the main game.

This is a document about Spider-Man: Miles Morales
  launch title for the new console on November 12, 2020, in North America and Australia, and November 19 worldwide. A PlayStation 4 version was released the same day, lacking some of the advanced features of its next-gen counterpart such as ray-tracing or a 60 FPS performance mode, because of the console's technical limitations. A remastered version of Marvel's Spider-Man for the PlayStation 5 is included in the "Ultimate Edition" of Miles Morales. The game received praise for its combat, narrative, content, and technical improvements of the PS5 version. As of July 2021, the game has sold over 6.5 million copies.

This is a document about Spider-Man (2018 video game)
  An additional game centered on Miles Morales, titled Marvel's Spider-Man: Miles Morales, was announced in June 2020 and released for PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5 on November 12, 2020 in select territories and November 19, 2020 worldwide. The story takes place roughly a year after the first game's conclusion, with players controlling Morales, as New York City's only Spider-Man while Peter has travelled to Symkaria as a photographer to cover an ongoing civil war.

This is a document about Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse
  main character of the Japanese Spider-Man series, and Spider-Woman who will be voiced by Issa Rae. The film entered production by June 2020. Sony announced that the sequel would be released on April 8, 2022, but the release date was later delayed by six months to October 7, 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In December 2021, Lord and Miller revealed that the film was being split into two parts after they had written down the story they wanted to tell for the sequel and realized that it was too much for a single film. Work on both parts was taking place simultaneously, with Part Two expected to be released in 2023.

This is a document about Spider-Man (2018 video game)
  Spider-Man sold 3.3 million units—including those bundled with the PS4 console—in its first three days of release, making it the fastest-selling first-party video game release in Sony's history, narrowly beating God of Wars 3.1 million. USA Today estimated the game made at least US$198 million during this period, surpassing the US$117 million North American opening-weekend box office take of the 2017 film Spider-Man: Homecoming, though units sold with the console would likely inflate this figure. According to sales projections by The NPD Group, Spider-Mans release-month sales were 37% higher than the combined release-month sales of all Spider-Man games released since the group began tracking figures in 1995. By November 2018, it became the fastest-selling superhero game in the U.S.; by July 2019, it had become the best-selling. In the United Kingdom,

This is a document about List of accolades received by Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse
  in the Spider-Man franchise. The film had its world premiere at the Regency Village Theater in Los Angeles on December 1, 2018, and was theatrically released in the United States on December 14. It grossed a worldwide total of over $375 million on a production budget of $90 million. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes surveyed 375 reviews and judged 97% to be positive. On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 87 out of 100, based on reviews from 50 critics, indicating "universal acclaim." Market research firm CinemaScore polled audiences in North America, and rated the film an average grade of "A+" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak's audience survey gave it a 90% overall positive score

This is a document about Insomniac Games
  Miles Morales as Spider-Man Remastered for the PlayStation 5. A standalone spin-off title in the series, Spider-Man: Miles Morales was first revealed at the 2020 PS5 Future of Gaming event on June 11, 2020. The title released for PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5. It was released starting November 12, 2020 alongside the release of the PlayStation 5. In September 2021, Insomniac announced a full sequel to Marvel's Spider-Man titled Marvel's Spider-Man 2 (2023), and Marvel's Wolverine, a standalone game set in the same universe and based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, both for PlayStation 5.

This is a document about List of accolades received by Marvel's Spider-Man
  of the 2017 film Spider-Man: Homecoming. By November 2018, it became the fastest-selling superhero game in the United States. By August 2019, Spider-Man had sold over 13.2 million physical and digital units worldwide making it one of the best-selling PlayStation 4 games. Spider-Man garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for its story, characters, performances, and music. At the Gamers' Choice Awards 2018, the game received eight nominations and went on to win three awards: Fan Favorite Action Game, Fan Favorite Single Player Gaming Experience, and Fan Favorite Character of the Year for Yuri Lowenthal as Peter Parker

This is a document about Spider-Man: Far From Home
  for Avengers: Endgame prior to its April 2019 release. Spider-Man: Far From Home premiered at the TCL Chinese Theatre on June 26, 2019, and was theatrically released in the United States on July 2, as the last film in Phase Three of the MCU. The film received positive reviews with praise for its humor, action sequences, visual effects, and performances. It grossed over $1.1 billion worldwide, making it the first Spider-Man film to pass the billion-dollar mark, Sony Pictures' highest-grossing film ever, the fourth-highest-grossing film of 2019, and became the 24th-highest-grossing film of all time. A sequel, Spider-Man: No Way Home, was released in December 2021.

This is a document about Peter Parker (Insomniac Games character)
  superheroes from the multiverse within Marvel Comics to battle the Inheritors. It was first released on September 26, 2018. The comic book designated the character's universe as Earth-1048. The story of Spider-Geddon takes place after the events of the game, and also introduces the universe's version of Tarantula. Insomniac artists provided variant comic book covers for the series. Gage felt that "it seemed like a perfect time" to bring the character into mainstream comic books. A six-issue comic book, titled Spider-Man: City at War, was released in March 2019. It follows the events of the game while introducing some new events.

This is a document about Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase Three
  2019, when Feige first publicly stated Far From Home would serve as the final film of Phase Three. He later added that it would also be the conclusion to "The Infinity Saga". Spider-Man: Far From Home had its premiere in Hollywood on June 26, 2019, and was released in the United States on July 2, 2019. The film is set eight months after Avengers: Endgame. Jackson and Cobie Smulders reprise their roles as Nick Fury and Maria Hill, respectively, from previous MCU films. The mid-credits scene features J. K. Simmons reprising his role as J. Jonah Jameson, having previously portrayed a different incarnation of the character in Sam Raimi's Spider-Man film trilogy. The post-credits scene features Ben Mendelsohn as Talos and Sharon Blynn as Soren, reprising their roles from Captain Marvel.

This is a document about Insomniac Games
  to US$229 million), was completed on November 15, 2019. At the PlayStation 5 reveal event on June 11, 2020, Insomniac announced two new games: Marvel's Spider-Man: Miles Morales, a spin-off to Marvel's Spider-Man, and Ratchet & Clank: Rift Apart. The former was a launch title for the PS5, releasing alongside a remaster of the original Marvel's Spider-Man for the console. The latter released on June 11, 2021, exclusively for the PS5. On September 9, 2021, at the PlayStation showcase event, a sequel to Marvel's Spider Man entitled Marvel's Spider-Man 2 was announced due to be released in 2023 for the PlayStation 5. In addition, a standalone game, Marvel's Wolverine, was announced for the PlayStation 5.

This is a document about Spider-Man (2018 video game)
  Canada. The Collector's Edition includes The City That Never Sleeps DLC, a custom steelbook case for the game, an artbook containing concept and unreleased art, a white spider sticker, and a Spider-Man statue created by Gentle Giant. Sony also released a limited-edition red PlayStation 4 Pro bearing the Spider-Man emblem and including the standard version of the game. Spider-Man: Game of the Year Edition was released on August 28, 2019, containing the game and The City That Never Sleeps DLC. The game has been referenced or promoted in various other media. "Be Greater", a 90-second advertisement highlighting Spider-Man's battle against foes including Rhino and Scorpion

This is a document about Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase Three
  April 2016, the title was revealed to be Spider-Man: Homecoming. Production began in June 2016 at Pinewood Atlanta Studios, and concluded in October 2016. Spider-Man: Homecoming premiered on June 28, 2017 in Hollywood, and was released in the United Kingdom on July 5, and the United States on July 7, 2017. The film is set several months after the events of Captain America: Civil War, which is four years after the events of 2012's The Avengers. In April 2016, Feige confirmed that characters from previous MCU films would appear in the film, with Robert Downey Jr. confirmed to reprise his role as Tony Stark / Iron Man

This is a document about Spider-Man: Homecoming
  The production team made efforts to differentiate the film from previous Spider-Man films. Spider-Man: Homecoming premiered in Hollywood on June 28, 2017, and was released in the United States on July 7, as part of Phase Three of the MCU. Homecoming grossed over $880million worldwide, becoming the second-most-successful Spider-Man film and the sixth-highest-grossing film of 2017. It received praise for the light tone and focus on Parker's high school life, and the performances, particularly of Holland and Keaton. Two sequels have been released: Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019) and Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021). A prequel animated series, Spider-Man: Freshman Year, is in development, as is a new trilogy of live-action films from Sony and Marvel Studios starring Holland.

Marvel's Spider-Man was released on September 7, 2018.


Question: when was the last time philly won a superbowl

Answer: 2017

This is a document about Curse of Billy Penn
  the 1983 NBA Championship. During the TV coverage of the parade which occurred two days later, Comcast aired an ad congratulating the Phillies which featured the small figurine of William Penn standing at the top of the Comcast Center. On November 27, 2017, the day of the "topping out" of the new tallest building in Philadelphia the Comcast Technology Center, ironworkers once again placed a new William Penn figurine atop the building's highest beam in hopes to ward off the curse. On February 4, 2018, the Philadelphia Eagles defeated the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LII 41-33 to win their first Super Bowl in team history, and first championship since the 1960 NFL Championship.

This is a document about Super Bowl LII
  Super Bowl LII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2017 season. The National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles defeated the American Football Conference (AFC) and defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots, 41–33, to win their first Super Bowl and their first NFL title since 1960. The game was played on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This was the second time that a Super Bowl was played in Minneapolis, the northernmost city to ever host the event, after Super Bowl XXVI at the Metrodome during the 1991 season. It was also the sixth Super Bowl held in a cold-weather city. New England finished the

This is a document about 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season
  The 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season was the franchise's 85th season in the National Football League, their 15th playing their home games at Lincoln Financial Field and the second under head coach Doug Pederson. Philadelphia won its first-ever Super Bowl title, as well as the franchise's first World Championship since 1960.They defeated Tom Brady and the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LII. The Eagles improved from their 7–9 record from 2016, reaching a record of 13–3, and tying their 2004 season for the most wins in a season franchise history, though the 1949 team and the 1960 team had higher winning percentages. They, along with the Minnesota Vikings, Pittsburgh Steelers, and New

This is a document about Super Bowl XXXIX
  The Patriots' Super Bowl win was the third championship for Boston-area sports teams in 12 months, following the Patriots winning Super Bowl XXXVIII the year before and the Red Sox winning the World Series – first in 86 years – three months earlier. This marked the first time since 1989–1990 in the San Francisco Bay Area that the same market has had 2 Super Bowl and World Series winners in 12 months. The Patriots would go on to have the only 16-0 season in NFL history three years later, get to another six Superbowls and win three of them before Tom Brady departed following the 2019 season. With the Eagles’ loss, the city of Philadelphia’s sports championship drought continued (no Philadelphia-based pro sports team since the 1983 76ers won the NBA title) until the Phillies won the

This is a document about Cinderella (sports)
  Kansas City Chiefs 31–13 in the AFC divisional round. This season also marked the end of an era for the Colts, as Andrew Luck announced his retirement on August 24, 2019, after playing only 7 years in the league. ; 2018 Philadelphia Eagles — A year after winning their first Super Bowl title over the New England Patriots, the Eagles had hopes of defending such title and winning consecutive Super Bowls for the first time since the Patriots did so in the 2004 season. Quarterback Carson Wentz, whom was sidelined during the final weeks of the 2017 season, returned from

This is a document about Duce Staley
  Staley became a coaching intern for the Philadelphia Eagles during the 2010 offseason. On February 8, 2011, Staley was promoted to special teams quality control coach. After the departure of Andy Reid, Staley remained on the new staff with Chip Kelly and was promoted to the team's running backs coach. Kelly was fired as the team's head coach in December 2015 and Staley was interviewed for the vacant head coaching job in January 2016. Staley was retained as the team's running backs coach by new head coach Doug Pederson on January 20, 2016. On February 4, 2018, Staley won his first Super Bowl as

This is a document about Philadelphia
  the 1970s). The city's professional teams and their fans endured 25 years without a championship, from the 76ers 1983 NBA Finals win until the Phillies 2008 World Series win. The lack of championships was sometimes attributed in jest to the Curse of Billy Penn after One Liberty Place became the first building to surpass the height of the William Penn statue on top of City Hall's tower in 1987. After nine years passed without another championship, the Eagles won their first Super Bowl following the 2017 season. In 2004, ESPN placed Philadelphia second on its list of The Fifteen Most Tortured Sports Cities.

This is a document about Philadelphia City Hall
  this agreement supposedly brought a curse onto local professional sports teams. Twice during the 1990s, the statue was partially clothed in a major league sports team's uniform when they were in contention for a championship: a Phillies cap in 1993 and a Flyers jersey in 1997—both teams lost. The supposed curse ended 22 years later when the Phillies won the 2008 World Series, a year and four months after a Penn statuette had been affixed to the final beam of the Comcast Center during its topping out ceremony in June 2007. Another Penn statuette was placed on the topmost beam of the Comcast Technology Center in November 2017, and the Eagles won the Super Bowl a few months later.

This is a document about 2017–18 NFL playoffs
  The 2017–18 NFL playoffs began on January 6, 2018, after the 2017 season, and concluded with Super Bowl LII on February 4, 2018, when the Philadelphia Eagles defeated the New England Patriots at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Several teams broke long playoff droughts, as the Buffalo Bills, Los Angeles Rams, Jacksonville Jaguars and Tennessee Titans each qualified for the playoffs for the first time since 1999, 2004, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The playoffs were also notable for the Patriots reaching a seventh consecutive AFC Championship Game, extending their own NFL record, and the Eagles snapping a 57-year championship drought and claiming their first in the Super Bowl era. For the first time since 2013–14, no games went to overtime.

This is a document about Doug Pederson
  having a career year and was considered a front runner for league MVP, tore his ACL in Week 14, leaving backup Nick Foles with the starting job for the remainder of the year. Despite becoming major playoff underdogs due to the loss of Wentz, Foles filled in admirably as the starter, allowing Philadelphia to make it to Super Bowl LII, their first Super Bowl appearance since the 2004 season. Eventual Super Bowl MVP Foles led the team in a 41–33 win over the New England Patriots, giving them their first Lombardi Trophy in franchise history and their first league championship since 1960. On May 3, 2018, it was reported the Philadelphia Eagles picked

This is a document about Lombardi curse
  the 1980 season and Super Bowl XXXIX in the 2004 season, but lost both times. In 1970, the Super Bowl trophy was officially named the Vince Lombardi trophy when the league decided to honor Lombardi by naming the trophy after him following his death in 1970. This renaming of the Super Bowl trophy combined with the Eagles inability to win the championship game has led some Eagles fans to believe that the franchise is cursed by Vince Lombardi; that beating Lombardi meant never winning the trophy named after him. The Eagles defeated the New England Patriots by a score of 41–33 in Super Bowl LII at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota on February 4, 2018, ending the alleged curse.

This is a document about 2018 Philadelphia Eagles season
  The 2018 season was the Philadelphia Eagles' 86th season in the National Football League and their third under head coach Doug Pederson. The Eagles entered the season as the defending champions of Super Bowl LII, when they defeated the previous defending Super Bowl champion New England Patriots 41–33 and attempted to become the first team since the 2004 New England Patriots to repeat as Super Bowl Champions. They opened the season with the NFL Kickoff Game on September 6, beating the Atlanta Falcons 18–12. A vast majority of their Super Bowl-winning squad from the 2017 season was retained, although some notable losses included tight end

This is a document about Sports in Philadelphia
  The Philadelphia Soul were an Arena Football League (AFL) franchise founded in 2004. The team played in the Wells Fargo Center. The Soul won ArenaBowl XXII in 2008 before the league formally disbanded in 2009. The Soul returned in 2010 after the AFL restarted its operations as a new entity. The Soul won four conference championships and four division championships. The Soul won back-to-back championships in 2017 (ArenaBowl XXIX) and 2018 (ArenaBowl XXX), making it a total of three ArenaBowl Championships. The Soul disbanded in 2019 when the AFL folded again. Philadelphia hosts some women's football teams as well. The city's first women's tackle football team

This is a document about Super Bowl XXXIX
  World Series. The Eagles did not return to the Super Bowl until 2017, also with a 13–3 record, when they beat the Falcons and Vikings in the reverse order that they did in the 2004–05 playoffs. They exacted revenge on New England in Super Bowl LII, defeating them 41–33 and winning their first championship since 1960. 15 years later, Andy Reid returned to the Super Bowl as head coach of the Kansas City Chiefs, who defeated the San Francisco 49ers 31–20 at Super Bowl LIV, winning the team's first title since Super Bowl IV and Reid's first as head coach. They would return to the Super Bowl in 2021, but lose to Tom Brady's second team, the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, 31–9. As of 2021, this is the last time that a team has won back-to-back Super Bowls.

This is a document about Super Bowl LIII
  Super Bowl LIII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2018 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Los Angeles Rams, 13–3. The game was played on February 3, 2019, at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia and was the first Super Bowl played at the stadium. The Patriots' victory was their sixth, tying the Pittsburgh Steelers for the most Super Bowl championships. New England, after finishing the regular season with an 11–5 record, advanced to their 11th Super Bowl appearance,

This is a document about 2011 Stanley Cup Finals
  of the four major North American professional sports leagues' title rounds since 2000, following the Patriots in Super Bowls XXXVI in 2002, XXXVIII in 2004, XXXIX in 2005, XLII in 2008, XLVI in 2012, XLIX in 2015, Super Bowl LI in 2017, Super Bowl LII in 2018, and Super Bowl LIII in 2019. The Red Sox winning World Series titles in (ending the Curse of the Bambino),, , and , and the Celtics in the NBA Finals in  and  and winning in 2008. In addition, Boston beat out Philadelphia for playing in all of the "big" league championship rounds in the shortest time in the new millennium, as it took 9 years for Philadelphia to achieve this feat; Boston needed only three years and eight months. The Bruins

This is a document about Vince Lombardi Trophy
  The Super Bowl is currently played in early February (the game originally took place in early to mid-January), culminating a regular season that generally begins in September of the previous calendar year. For example, Super Bowl 50, which was played on February 7, 2016, determined the league champion for the 2015 NFL season. The years shown below refer to the season, not the date that the Super Bowl was actually played. The Pittsburgh Steelers (1974, 1975, 1978, 1979, 2005, 2008) are tied with the New England Patriots (2001, 2003, 2004, 2014, 2016, 2018) with six Vince Lombardi Trophies. The Dallas Cowboys (1971, 1977, 1992, 1993, 1995) and the San Francisco 49ers (1981, 1984, 1988, 1989, 1994) are tied for third with 5 each. The Green Bay Packers (1966, 1967, 1996, 2010) and the

This is a document about 2008 World Series
  returned to the World Series in, the first defending champion to return to the Series since the 2001 New York Yankees. During that season they finished first in the National League East with a 93–69 mark, and eliminated the Rockies and the Dodgers in the NL playoffs. They would lose to the Yankees in six games. Subsequent regular season meetings between the Rays and the Phillies would be relatively uncommon. The Rays only visited Philadelphia twice within the next seven years (in 2012 and 2015). This would be the last professional sports championship for the city of Philadelphia until the Philadelphia Eagles defeated the New England Patriots 41–33 in Super Bowl LII in 2018.

This is a document about History of the Philadelphia Eagles
  On January 23, 2005, the Eagles reached a fourth consecutive conference championship game (the first time this happened in the salary cap era of the NFL). At long last, the Eagles justified the hopes of their long-suffering fan base, defeating Michael Vick's much-hyped Atlanta Falcons, 27–10, sending them to Super Bowl XXXIX in Jacksonville, Florida, their first Super Bowl in 24 years. The victory sent the city of Philadelphia into wild celebrations.

This is a document about Sports in Philadelphia
   The Philadelphia Eagles, founded in 1933, are members of the East Division of the National Football Conference (NFC) in the National Football League. They have operated continuously since then, with the partial exception of the 1943 season, when the Eagles temporarily merged with the Pittsburgh Steelers to become the Steagles. The Eagles have won three NFL titles (1948, 1949, 1960), four conference championships, and 13 division championships. They have made three Super Bowl appearances, losing in Super Bowl XV and Super Bowl XXXIX, and winning Super Bowl LII. The franchise frequently finished at the bottom of the standings in the 1930s,

The last time the Philadelphia Eagles won the Super Bowl was on February 4, 2018, in Super Bowl LII.


Question: what is the tallest mountain in argentina and south america

Answer: Aconcagua

This is a document about Seven Summits
 South America – Aconcagua (6,961 m) ; Altiplano Plate – probably Nevado Sajama (6,542 m) ; North Andes Plate – Chimborazo (6,263 m)  Aconcagua is the highest mountain peak in South America. The Altiplano Plate and the North Andes Plate, both share geological processes with the South American continent, have their own highest mountain peaks:

This is a document about Aconcagua
  Aconcagua is a mountain in the Principal Cordillera of the Andes mountain range, in Mendoza Province, Argentina. It is the highest mountain in the Americas (#189 in the world), the highest outside Asia, and the highest in both the Southern and the Western Hemispheres with a summit elevation of 6961 m. It lies 112 km northwest of the provincial capital, the city of Mendoza, about 5 km from San Juan Province, and 15 km from Argentina's border with neighbouring Chile. The mountain is one of the so-called Seven Summits of the seven continents. Aconcagua is bounded by the Valle de las Vacas to

This is a document about List of stratovolcanoes
 Llaima ; Irruputuncu on the border of Bolivia and Chile ; Ojos del Salado on the border between Argentina and Chile ; It is the highest volcano in the world. ; Villarrica ; Cerro Arenales ; Calbuco ; It erupted in April 2015. ; Callaqui ; Mount Hudson ; Copahue ; Lascar Volcano ; Nevados de Chillán ; Lanín on the border between Argentina and Chile ; Acotango on the border between Bolivia and Chile ; Cerro Solo on the border between Chile and Argentina ; Parinacota ; It erupted in April 2008 ; Licancabur ; Sierra Nevada ; Chaitén ; Acamarachi ; Marmolejo ; It is the southernmost mountain with more than 6000 msmm ; San José ; Plantat

This is a document about Index of Argentina-related articles
 A King and His Movie ; A-4AR Fightinghawk ; Abaddón el exterminador ; Abel Bazán ; Abel Ernesto Herrera ; Abel Masuero ; Abelardo Castillo ; Abipón people ; Abipón language ; Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo ; Aconcagua – highest mountain summit in Argentina, the Americas, the Western Hemisphere, and the Southern Hemisphere ; Action of Tambo Nuevo ; Adán Buenosayres ; Adolfo Alsina ; Adolfo Aristarain ; Adolfo Bellocq ; Adolfo Bioy Casares ; Adolfo Cambiaso ; Adolfo Carranza ; Adolfo Rodríguez Saá ; Adolfo Pérez Esquivel ; Adolfo Saldías ; Adrián Suar ; Aerochaco ; Aerolíneas Argentinas ; Aerolíneas Argentinas destinations

This is a document about Volcanic Seven Summits
  Although Aconcagua, the highest peak in South America and the highest peak in the western hemisphere, does have a volcanic origin, its current high point is due to geological processes rather than being strictly volcanic. Due to this, Aconcagua is not considered to be a volcano on its own, at least not as a member of Volcanic Seven Summits. Topographic maps of the Argentina and Chile border region which contains the highest peaks suffer from poor accuracy, with elevation errors exceeding 100 m in many cases. However, the current consensus based on the most recent measurements places Ojos del Salado as the 2nd highest peak and highest volcano in South America, significantly higher than Monte Pissis.

This is a document about List of mountains in Argentina
  This a list of mountains situated in Argentina, South America. The list also shows the height of each mountain.

This is a document about Extreme points of the Americas
 Aconcagua, Mendoza Province, Argentina -32.65333°N, -70.01111°W — highest summit of the Americas, the Western Hemisphere, and the Southern Hemisphere at 6961 m. ; Ojos del Salado, Chile and Argentina -27.10961°N, -68.54225°W — highest volcano summit on Earth and second highest summit of the Americas, the Western Hemisphere, and the Southern Hemisphere at 6893 m. ; Denali (Mount McKinley), Alaska, United States 63.06944°N, -151.00722°W — highest summit of North America at 6190.5 m. ; Volcán Tajumulco, San Marcos, Guatemala 15.04361°N, -91.90333°W — highest summit of Central America at 4220 m. ; Gunnbjørn Fjeld, Sermersooq, Island of Greenland, Greenland 68.91944°N, -29.89861°W — highest island summit of the Americas and the Western Hemisphere and highest summit of the entire Arctic at 3694 m. ; Pico Duarte, Dominican Republic, Hispaniola 19.02306°N, -70.99806°W — highest summit of the Caribbean at 3175 m.

This is a document about National Route 7 (Argentina)
   The graph on the right shows the height of the road as it runs through Mendoza Province. On the west of the province, the route runs through the main and front ranges, and passes only 18 km south of Aconcagua, the highest mountain in the Americas. You can see the mountain from a viewpoint at 1222 km. From the east of Uspallata to the city of Mendoza, the route runs through the foothills. Until the construction of the Túnel del Cristo Redentor in 1980, the route finished at 3,832 msnm at Paso Internacional de la Cumbre, where it ended at

This is a document about Klára Poláčková
 2005 Aconcagua (6962 m) Argentina, the highest mountain in South America. ; 2006 Cho Oyu (8201 m) Himalaya, the sixth highest mountain in the world. ; 2007 Mount Everest (8848 m) Himalaya, the highest point in the world.

This is a document about Ojos del Salado
  Nevado Ojos del Salado is a dormant complex volcano in the Andes on the Argentina–Chile border, the highest active volcano in the world and the highest peak in Chile. The upper reaches of Ojos del Salado consist of several overlapping lava domes, lava flows and volcanic craters with an only sparse ice cover. The complex extends over an area of 70-160 km2 and its highest summit reaches an altitude of 6893 m above sea level. Numerous other volcanoes rise around Ojos del Salado. Due to its location near the Arid Diagonal of South America, the mountain has very dry conditions, which prevent

This is a document about Extremes on Earth
 The highest volcano is Ojos del Salado on the Argentina–Chile border. It has the highest summit, 6893 m, of any volcano on Earth. ; The highest natural lake is an unnamed crater lake on Ojos del Salado at 6390 m, on the Argentina side. Another candidate was Lhagba Pool on the northeast slopes of Mount Everest, Tibet, at an elevation of 6368 m, which has since dried up. ; The highest navigable lake is Lake Titicaca, on the border of Bolivia and Peru in the Andes, at 3812 m. ; The highest glacier is the Khumbu Glacier on the southwest slopes of Mount Everest in Nepal, beginning on the west side of Lhotse at an elevation of 7600 to

This is a document about Argentina
  With a mainland surface area of 2780400 km2, Argentina is located in southern South America, sharing land borders with Chile across the Andes to the west; Bolivia and Paraguay to the north; Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east; and the Drake Passage to the south; for an overall land border length of 9376 km. Its coastal border over the Río de la Plata and South Atlantic Ocean is 5117 km long. Argentina's highest point is Aconcagua in the Mendoza province (6959 m above sea level), also the highest point in the Southern and Western Hemispheres. The lowest point is Laguna del Carbón in the San Julián Great Depression Santa Cruz province (-105 m below sea level, also the lowest point in the Southern and Western Hemispheres, and the seventh lowest point

This is a document about Las Heras Department
 The highest mountain in South America. ; The Highest Mountain in all of the Americas. ; The highest mountain in the Southern Hemisphere. ; The highest mountain outside of the continent of Asia. The mountains of the Andes act as a natural border between Argentina and Chile, the mountain range forms much of the western part of the department of Las heras. Mount Aconcagua is located in Las Heras Department, at 6,962 metres above sea level it holds many records, including:  The people of Las Heras are proud to have such an important mountain in their department, and as one of the Seven Summits it brings a great number of mountaineers and sightseers to the region.

This is a document about Andes
  three major divisions based on climate: the Tropical Andes, the Dry Andes, and the Wet Andes. The Andes Mountains are the highest mountain range outside Asia. The highest mountain outside Asia, Argentina's Mount Aconcagua, rises to an elevation of about 6961 m above sea level. The peak of Chimborazo in the Ecuadorian Andes is farther from the Earth's center than any other location on the Earth's surface, due to the equatorial bulge resulting from the Earth's rotation. The world's highest volcanoes are in the Andes, including Ojos del Salado on the Chile-Argentina border, which rises to 6893 m. The Andes are also part of the American Cordillera, a chain of mountain ranges (cordillera) that consists of an almost continuous sequence of mountain ranges that form the western "backbone" of North America, Central America, South America and Antarctica.

This is a document about Eddie Bauer
  January 2008 a similar gear test by Bauer personnel and RMI guides took place on Cerro Aconcagua in the Andes of Argentina, the highest mountain in the Americas. After a storm high on the mountain not all the clients were able to make the summit.

This is a document about Tourism in Argentina
   Argentina has a vast territory and a variety of climates and microclimates ranging from tundra and polar in the south to the tropical climate in the north, through a vast expanse of temperate climate. Natural wonders include the Aconcagua, the highest mountain in the world outside the Himalayas, the widest river and estuary of the planet (the River Plate), the Iguazú Falls, the Humid Pampas, and the Argentine Sea. Visitors enjoy the culture, customs and Argentine cuisine. The Argentine territory stretches from the highest peaks of the Andes in the west to colitis del Norte rivers and extensive beaches and cliffs of Argentine Sea in the east; from the tropical rainforest of the Yungas north to the valleys, glaciers, lakes and cold forests of Andean Patagonia in the south, and to Argentine Antarctica. Through the warm landscapes of tropical climates contrasting,

This is a document about Tourism in Argentina
  Mar del Plata is a tourist city with huge beaches on the Atlantic and the other beaches on the Argentine Atlantic Coast such as Necochea, Cariló, Villa Gesell, Monte Hermoso, Pehuen-Có, Las Grutas (in Río Negro), Rada Tilly in Chubut; the Aconcagua (6,959 m), the highest peak in America. Its steep slopes are renowned and respected by mountain climbers worldwide. Las Leñas; Talampaya, of great geological interest; San Rafael heart of Mendoza, where the best wines in Argentina are made, with its imposing Atuel Canyon, the valleys of Barreal of Iglesia, in San Juan highlighting the adventure tourism. Whales-watching in Puerto Madryn on the coast of Argentine Patagonia. Other very

This is a document about Andes
  This list contains some of the major peaks in the Andes mountain range. The highest peak is Aconcagua of Argentina (see below).

This is a document about Marianne Schwankhart
  summit of the highest mountain on each continent. Schwankhart and Carter flew in tandem in order for her to capture the full experience on film. In July 2010 they flew off Mount Elbrus in Russia, the highest mountain in Europe. In December of the same year they summitted Aconcagua in Argentina, the highest mountain in South America, but could not fly from the summit due to gale-force winds. In September 2011, they successfully flew off the summit of Kilimanjaro. At that same time, she joined the 'Sunday Times Travel Weekly' as a full-time adventure photographer with journalist Claire Keeton. Together they

This is a document about Andes
  The Andes, Andes Mountains or Andean Mountains (Cordillera de los Andes) are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. The range is 6999. km long, 200. to 700. km wide (widest between 18°S - 20°S latitude), and has an average height of about 4000. m. The Andes extend from north to south through seven South American countries: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. Along their length, the Andes are split into several ranges, separated by intermediate depressions. The Andes are the location of several high plateaus—some of which host major cities such as Quito, Bogotá, Cali, Arequipa, Medellín, Bucaramanga, Sucre, Mérida, El Alto and La Paz. The Altiplano plateau is the world's second-highest after the Tibetan plateau. These ranges are in turn grouped

The tallest mountain in Argentina and South America is Aconcagua, with a summit elevation of 6,961 m (22,837 ft). It is located in the Mendoza Province in the Andes mountain range.


Question: who called 1857 revolt first war of independence

Answer: Vinayak Damodar Savarkar

This is a document about Names of the Indian Rebellion of 1857
  In India, the term First War of Independence was first popularized by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in his 1909 book The History of the War of Indian Independence, which was originally written in Marathi. Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, insisted on using the term First War of Independence to refer to the event, and the terminology was adopted by the Government of India. Some South Indian historians have opposed the use of the term First War of Independence by the Government to describe the 1857 revolt, and have unsuccessfully taken the issue to the court. These historians insist that

This is a document about Names of the Indian Rebellion of 1857
  The Indian Rebellion of 1857 has been variously termed as a war of independence, a rebellion, and a mutiny. Several Indian writers, who consider it as a part of the Indian independence movement that ultimately led to the country's independence in 1947, have termed it as "The First War of Independence", the "great revolution", the "great rebellion", and the "Indian freedom struggle". Several British writers, who view it as a military disturbance, have termed it as "sepoy revolt", "sepoy war", "Indian rebellion", and the "great revolt". Since the 19th century, a section of British writers have challenged the choice of the word "mutiny" to describe the events.

This is a document about Saharanpur district
  When India rebelled in 1857 against the foreign Company's occupation, now referred to as the First War of Indian Independence, the Saharanpur and the present-day Muzaffarnagar Districts were part of that uprising. The centre of freedom fighters' operations was Shamli, a small town in the Muzaffarnagar region which was liberated for some time. After the uprising failed, British retribution was severe. Death and destruction was particularly directed against the Muslims of the region, whom the British considered as the main instigators of the rebellion; Muslim society was devastated beyond recognition. When social reconstruction started, the cultural and political history of Muslims began to revolve around Deoband and Aligarh. Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi and Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, both proponents

This is a document about Indian Rebellion of 1857
  There is no universally agreed name for the events of this period. In India and Pakistan it has been termed as the "War of Independence of 1857" or "First War of Indian Independence" but it is not uncommon to use terms such as the "Revolt of 1857". The classification of the Rebellion being "First War of Independence" is not without its critics in India. The use of the term "Indian Mutiny" is considered by some Indian politicians as belittling the importance of what happened and therefore reflecting an imperialistic attitude. Others dispute this interpretation. In the UK and parts of the Commonwealth it is commonly called the "Indian Mutiny", but terms such as "Great Indian Mutiny", the "Sepoy Mutiny", the "Sepoy Rebellion", the "Sepoy War", the "Great Mutiny", the "Rebellion of 1857", "the Uprising", the "Mahomedan Rebellion", and the "Revolt of 1857" have also been used. "The Indian Insurrection" was a name used in the press of the UK and British colonies at the time.

This is a document about Saharanpur
  When India rebelled in 1857 against the foreign Company's occupation, now referred to as the First War of Indian Independence, the Saharanpur and the present-day Muzaffarnagar Districts were part of that uprising. The centre of freedom fighters' operations was Shamli, a small town in the Muzaffarnagar region which was liberated for some time. After the uprising failed, British retribution was severe. Death and destruction were particularly directed against Muslims of the region, whom the British considered as the main instigators of the rebellion; Muslim society was devastated beyond recognition. When social reconstruction started, the cultural and political history of Muslims began to revolve around Deoband and Aligarh. Maulana Muhammad Qasim Nanotvi and Maulana Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, both

This is a document about British rule in Himachal Pradesh
  The Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the First War of Indian Independence and the Sepoy Mutiny, was a prolonged period of armed uprisings in different parts of India, against British occupation of that part of the subcontinent. The first Indian war of independence resulted due to the build-up of political, social, economic, religious and military grievance against the British. People of the hill provinces were not politically active as were the people in other states of the country. More or less they maintained distance and so did their rulers with the exception of Bushahr. Some of them even provided help to the British during the time of revolt. Among them were the rulers of Chamba, Bilaspur, Bhagal and Dhami. The sons of Raja Gobind Singh, ruler of Siba State, namely Raja Ram Singh and Raja Sunder Singh, revolted

This is a document about Indian Rebellion of 1857
  amongst the rebels. He did not discover much in the way of proto-nationalism or any of the roots of modern India in the rebellion. Sabbaq Ahmed has looked at the ways in which ideologies of royalism, militarism, and Jihad influenced the behaviour of contending Muslim factions. Almost from the moment the first sepoys mutinied in Meerut, the nature and the scope of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 has been contested and argued over. Speaking in the House of Commons in July 1857, Benjamin Disraeli labelled it a 'national revolt' while Lord Palmerston, the Prime Minister, tried to downplay the scope and the

This is a document about Altaf Hussain Hali
  The Indian rebellion of 1857 was an armed uprising in British India against the oppressive and destructive British colonial rule and was also popularly remembered as the 'First War of Independence'. This was a turning point in his life because he was an eyewitness to the catastrophe. His family took in a widowed girl who lived with them for the rest of her life. Her plight left a deep impression on Hali and he composed two poems on the condition of women: Munajaat-e-Beva (Supplication of the Widow) and Chup ki Daad (Homage to the Silent). Syeda Saiyidain Hameed called Hali "Urdu's first feminist poet". In 1863 he

This is a document about Names of the Indian Rebellion of 1857
  The British and colonial press, along with contemporary Europeans, referred to the events under a number of titles, the most common being the Sepoy Mutiny and the Indian Mutiny. Contemporary anti-imperialists viewed those terms as propaganda and pushed to characterise the uprising as more than just the actions of mutinous native soldiers. At the time, they used the term Indian Insurrection in the British and colonial press at the time. Karl Marx was the first Western scholar to call the events of 1857 a "national revolt", although he used the term Sepoy Revolt to describe them.

This is a document about History of Kolkata
  of the British Empire. This movement is sometimes also called the Indian Mutiny, although recent evidence goes against using this name and suggests "The Revolt of 1857" as a better and less controversial choice. In 1883, Surendranath Banerjea organised a national conference – the first of its kind in 19th century India. This conference heralded the birth of The Indian National Congress. The first native president of the Indian National Congress was Sir Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee and he was also the first Congress president to advocate self-rule by Indians, Sir Surendra Nath Banerjea (referred to by the British as "Surrender Not") were early eminent Calcuttans,

This is a document about Paika Rebellion
  recognised the Paika Rebellion as first Indian war of independence, replacing the Indian Rebellion of 1857. In Winter Session of Parliament of 2021, Union Culture Minister G Kishan Reddy through a written reply to a question by BJD MP Prashanta Nanda in the Rajya Sabha, said the Paika rebellion cannot be called the First War of Independence. However the minister declared that it would now be included in the curriculum of Class VIII history textbook of NCERT, as it was among the first popular uprisings against the British in India, and lasted for a long time from 1817 to 1825.

This is a document about Indian Rebellion of 1857
  of the event as a 'mere military mutiny'. Reflecting this debate, an early historian of the rebellion, Charles Ball, used the word mutiny in his title, but labelled it a "struggle for liberty and independence as a people" in the text. Historians remain divided on whether the rebellion can properly be considered a war of Indian independence or not, although it is popularly considered to be one in India. Arguments against include: A second school of thought while acknowledging the validity of the above-mentioned arguments opines that this rebellion may indeed be called a war of India's independence. The reasons advanced are:

This is a document about British Army during the Victorian Era
  Within a year of the end of the Crimean War, the Indian Rebellion of 1857 (generally referred to by the British Army as the Indian Mutiny) broke out. In 1854, the East India Company's armies numbered 280,000, the vast majority of them being Indian. The first sepoys (native soldiers) recruited by the Company were Afghan mercenaries or low-caste Hindus, but in the Bengal Army especially, a deliberate policy had long existed of recruiting from among high-caste Hindu or landowning Muslim communities, so that the sepoys would have an interest in maintaining their position within their communities. Many Indians had become increasingly concerned by wholesale British reforms to mainstream Indian society that were imposed without any regard for historical subtleties and religious traditions. Changes such

This is a document about Wartime sexual violence
  During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, known as "India's First War of Independence" to the Indians and as the "Sepoy Mutiny" to the British, Indian sepoys rebelled en masse against the East India Company's rule over India. Incidents of rape committed by Indian sepoys against British women and children were reported in the English press, particularly after British civilians fell into Indian hands after sieges such as at Cawnpore. However, after the rebellion was suppressed, detailed analyses by the British government concluded that although Indian sepoys had engaged in massacres of British civilians after they captured them, there had never been one single instance of war

This is a document about Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam
  The Indian Rebellion of 1857 against the British Empire also known as the War of Independence of 1857 was an important and historical milestone in the history of India. Many political and social movements were later inspired by it, including the Aligarh Movement, founded by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, and the Aligarh Muslim University (founded in 1878). Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam was founded in Lahore on 22 September 1884 in a mosque known as Masjid Bakan inside Mochi Gate, Lahore, by Khalifa Qazi Hameed-ud-Din. Association's first President was Abdul Qadir (1872 – 1950) who was a political activist and scholar. One of its major efforts was the foundation of a number of

This is a document about East India Company
   The Indian Rebellion of 1857 (also known as the Indian Mutiny or Sepoy Mutiny) resulted in widespread devastation in a limited region of north-central India. The crisis began in the company's army in February, April and May 1857, when scattered mutinies coalesced and to a major revolt. Entire units revolted, killing their British officers and rousing the populace. There was wide support among both Hindu and Muslim elements, ranging from peasants to princes. However the Sikh soldiers supported the British cause. Historians have identified multiple overlapping causes—some recent and some stretching back decades. In 1854 Britain went to war with Russia, but fighting bogged down in the Crimea. London sent many of

This is a document about The Indian War of Independence (book)
  The Indian War of Independence is an Indian nationalist history of the 1857 revolt by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar that was first published in 1909.

This is a document about Names of the Indian Rebellion of 1857
  the British had taken place previously, such as the First Anglo-Maratha War and the First Anglo-Mysore War. Nonetheless, In May 2007, the Lok Sabha Deputy Speaker Charanjit Singh Atwal and three other MPs from Punjab protested against the commemoration of the 150th anniversary of the 1857 revolt over this issue. Some Indian writers also insist that none of the armed uprisings against the British in India, including the 1857 uprising, should be termed as a "war of independence" since they were neither national in nature nor motivated mainly by nationalist sentiment and they involved only a minority of people or soldiers.

This is a document about Allan Octavian Hume
  Allan Octavian Hume, CB ICS (4 June 1829 – 31 July 1912 ) was a British member of the Imperial Civil Service (later the Indian Civil Service), a political reformer, ornithologist and botanist who worked in British India. He was the founder of the Indian National Congress. A notable ornithologist, Hume has been called "the Father of Indian Ornithology" and, by those who found him dogmatic, "the Pope of Indian ornithology". As an administrator of Etawah, he saw the Indian Rebellion of 1857 as a result of misgovernance and made great efforts to improve the lives of the common people. The district of Etawah was among the first to be returned to normalcy and over the

This is a document about History of Kolkata
  Historically, Calcutta was the centre of activity in the early stages of the national movement of independence. Exactly a hundred years after the fall of Bengal in the Battle of Plassey, Calcutta saw the beginning of what is often called the First Independence Movement of India. It is also just as often as not referred to as a War of Independence, and as one historian put it, "The so called First National War of Independence was neither First, nor National, nor a War of Independence". In the suburbs of Calcutta, at the Barrackpore military barracks, sepoy Mangal Pandey sparked off a huge revolt that shook the

Vinayak Damodar Savarkar was the first person to use the term "First War of Independence" to refer to the 1857 revolt in his book "The First War of Indian Independence" in 1909.