Question: where did the french national anthem come from

Answer: Strasbourg

This is a document about De Dietrich
  today. 1792 : Philippe-Frédéric de Dietrich (Jean's son), first mayor of Strasbourg in republican France, orders captain Rouget de Lisle to compose a military hymn for the Army of the Rhine. First sung in Philippe-Frederic's parlor on Place Broglie, "La Marseillaise" became France's national anthem. 1804 : After the havoc left by the French Revolution, Napoleon Bonaparte helps De Dietrich rebuild. 1848 : De Dietrich embraces the industrial era by progressively reducing the production of cast irons in favor of mechanical and railroad equipment. 1870 : Despite the annexation by Germany of Alsace-Lorraine, the Dietrich family decides to remain close to the factories and employees and stays

This is a document about The Internationale
  The original French words were written in June 1871 by Eugène Pottier (1816–1887, previously a member of the Paris Commune) and were originally intended to be sung to the tune of "La Marseillaise". In 1888 Pierre De Geyter (1848–1932) set the earlier lyrics to the melody of Chant du depart with slight modifications. De Geyter's melody was first publicly performed in July 1888, and soon thereafter Pottier's lyrics became closely associated with, and widely used with, De Geyter's new melody. Thus "The Internationale" gained an identity that was entirely distinct, and no longer in any way directly tied to the French national anthem, the Marseillaise. In a successful attempt to save Pierre De Geyter's job as a woodcarver, the 6,000 leaflets printed by Lille printer Bolboduc only mentioned the French version

This is a document about La Marseillaise
  later. The invading forces were repulsed from France following their defeat in the Battle of Valmy. As the vast majority of Alsatians did not speak French, a German version ("Auf, Brüder, auf dem Tag entgegen") was published in October 1792 in Colmar. The Convention accepted it as the French national anthem in a decree passed on 14 July 1795, making it France's first anthem. It later lost this status under Napoleon I, and the song was banned outright by Louis XVIII and Charles X, being re-instated only briefly after the July Revolution of 1830. During Napoleon I's reign, "Veillons au

This is a document about Symbolism in the French Revolution
   "La Marseillaise" became the national anthem of France. The song was written and composed in 1792 by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle, and was originally titled "Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin". The French National Convention adopted it as the First Republic's anthem in 1795. It acquired its nickname after being sung in Paris by volunteers from Marseille marching on the capital. The song is the first example of the "European march" anthemic style. The anthem's evocative melody and lyrics have led to its widespread use as a song of revolution and its incorporation into many pieces of classical and popular music. Cerulo says, "the design of "La Marseillaise" is credited to General Strasburg of France, who is saidto have directed de Lisle, the composer of the anthem, to 'produce one of those hymns which conveys to the soul of the people the enthusiasm which it (the music) suggests.'"

This is a document about Campaigns of 1792 in the French Revolutionary Wars
  Despite protesting that the army was not in condition to fight, Rochambeau obeyed his orders. He departed Paris and moved towards Valenciennes on 21 April to assume command of the northern army, and make final preparations for the invasion. Rochambeau's subordinate general Biron and maréchal du camp Théobald Dillon would lead the invasion. The French national anthem, La Marseillaise, was composed in Strasbourg, April 25, while the French were still mustering troops, as the "Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin" ("War Song for the Army of the Rhine"). The French army performed poorly in the first engagements. At the Battle of Marquain near Tournai (29 April), French soldiers

This is a document about La Marseillaise
  "La Marseillaise" is the national anthem of France. The song was written in 1792 by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle in Strasbourg after the declaration of war by France against Austria, and was originally titled "Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin" ("War Song for the Army of the Rhine"). The French National Convention adopted it as the Republic's anthem in 1795. The song acquired its nickname after being sung in Paris by volunteers from Marseille marching to the capital. The song is the first example of the "European march" anthemic style. The anthem's evocative melody and lyrics have led to its widespread use as a song of revolution and its incorporation into many pieces of classical and popular music.

This is a document about French Revolution
  "La Marseillaise" became the national anthem of France. The song was written and composed in 1792 by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle, and was originally titled "Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin". The French National Convention adopted it as the First Republic's anthem in 1795. It acquired its nickname after being sung in Paris by volunteers from Marseille marching on the capital. The song is the first example of the "European march" anthemic style, while the evocative melody and lyrics led to its widespread use as a song of revolution and incorporation into many pieces of classical and popular music. De Lisle was instructed to 'produce a hymn which conveys to the soul of the people the enthusiasm which it (the music) suggests.'

This is a document about Hermann Vezin
  Vezin was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of Charles Henri/Carl Heinrich Vezin (1782–1853), a German merchant of French heritage, and his wife Emilie, née Kalinsky (1804–1858). His great-great-grandfather Pierre (de) Vezin (1654-1727) was married on the 14th August 1689 in the St. Clement's Basilica in Hanover to the seventeenth-century French actress Marie Charlotte Pâtissier de Châteauneuf (1672-1729). Rouget de Lisle, the composer of the French national anthem, "La Marseillaise," was one of his distant cousins. After studying law for several years, Vezin graduated from the University of Pennsylvania with an A.B. in 1847 and later a master's degree in 1850. Despite resistance from his family,

This is a document about National anthem
  Marseillaise in 1830, in the wake of the July Revolution, as the national anthem of France, it became common for newly formed nations to define national anthems, notably as a result of the Latin American wars of independence, for Argentina (1813), Peru (1821), Brazil (1831) but also Belgium (1830). Consequently adoption of national anthems prior to the 1930s was mostly by newly formed or newly independent states, such as the First Portuguese Republic (A Portuguesa, 1911), the Kingdom of Greece ("Hymn to Liberty", 1865), the First Philippine Republic (Marcha Nacional Filipina, 1898), Lithuania (Tautiška giesmė, 1919), Weimar Germany (Deutschlandlied, 1922), Republic of Ireland (Amhrán na bhFiann, 1926) and

This is a document about La Marseillaise
  de l'Empire" was the unofficial anthem of the regime, and in Napoleon III's reign, it was "Partant pour la Syrie", but the Government brought back the iconic anthem in an attempt to motivate the French people during the Franco-Prussian War. During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, "La Marseillaise" was recognised as the anthem of the international revolutionary movement; as such, it was adopted by the Paris Commune in 1871, albeit with new lyrics under the title "La marseillaise de la Commune". Eight years later, in 1879, it was restored as France's national anthem, and has remained so ever since.

This is a document about List of national anthems
  1770; its origins remain unclear; it is suggested that it has 16th century Venetian origins, or even that it was composed by king Frederick the Great himself; it is also one of the few national anthems that has never had official lyrics. Anthems became increasingly popular among European states in the 18th century. For example, the British national anthem "God Save the Queen" was first performed as "God Save the King" in 1745. The French anthem "La Marseillaise" was written half a century later in 1792, and adopted in 1795. National anthems are usually written in the most common language of the state, whether de

This is a document about La Brabançonne
  According to legend, the Belgian national anthem was written in September 1830, during the Belgian Revolution, by a young revolutionary called "Jenneval", who read the lyrics during a meeting at the Aigle d'Or café. Jenneval, a Frenchman whose real name was Alexandre Dechet (sometimes known as Louis-Alexandre Dechet), did in fact write the Brabançonne. At the time, he was an actor at the theatre where, in August 1830, the revolution started which led to independence from the Netherlands. Jenneval died in the war of independence. François van Campenhout composed the accompanying score, based on the tune of a French song called "L'Air des lanciers polonais" ("the tune of the Polish Lancers"), written by the French poet Eugène de Pradel, whose tune was itself an adaptation of the tune of a song, "L'Air du magistrat irréprochable", found in a

This is a document about History of Provence
  Aix and Avignon, was rural, conservative and largely royalist, it did produce some memorable figures in the French Revolution: Provence also produced the most memorable song of the period, La Marseillaise. The song was originally written by a citizen of Strasbourg, Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle in 1792. It was originally a war song for the revolutionary Army of the Rhine. It became famous when sung on the streets of Paris by the volunteers from Marseille, who had heard it in Marseille sung by a young volunteer from Montpellier named François Mireur. It became the most popular song of the French Revolution and in 1879 became the national anthem of France. The French Revolution was

This is a document about Campaigns of 1792 in the French Revolutionary Wars
  officers and volunteers from the middle class. There was also animosity between the old regulars (the "whites", from their uniform) and the new soldiers who joined the army as volunteers in 1791–2 (the so-called "blues"). And because of the revolutionary egalitarian ideas penetrating the ranks of the military, there was distrust against the remaining noble officers; their loyalty to the cause of the Revolution and their orders were questioned. One lasting morale-boosting effect was the composition of the battle hymn Chant de guerre pour l'armée du Rhin ("War Song for the Rhine Army") by Rouget de Lisle in April 1792. It became popular among French soldiers nationwide, and was soon identified with a battalion from Marseille. Thus, the song became known as La Marseillaise, and on 26 Messidor III (14 July 1795) and again on 14 February 1879 it was officially recognised as the national anthem of France.

This is a document about Ry Tanindrazanay malala ô!
  The anthem is officially written in both French (the colonial language) and Malagasy (the predominant local Austronesian language). This is because prior to Madagascar being conquered by the French in 1896, the island was already home to many different people groups, beginning with the arrival of Austronesians in AD 350. African migrants came from AD 1000 and onwards, as well as other smaller groups, making Madagascar a very diverse nation and explaining the emphasis in the anthem of uniting as a nation based on the beauty of the land rather than a specific ethnic identity. In all, the people of Madagascar were influenced by Austronesian, French, Indian, Arab, and African cultural and religious practices. Although the independence movement in Madagascar can be traced back to the nationalist attacks against the French in late March 1947, it is officially credited to the successful referendum vote in 1958 and the founding of the Malagasy Republic on October 14, 1958. They were officially granted independence from France on June 20, 1960 and became known as the Republic of Madagascar.

This is a document about Il Canto degli Italiani
  came to my hands: in my agitation I turned the lamp over the harpsichord and, consequently, also on the poor sheet; this was the origin of the Fratelli d'Italia" Mameli, who was Republican, Jacobin and supporter of the motto born from the French Revolution liberté, égalité, fraternité, to write the text of Il Canto degli Italiani was inspired by the French national anthem, La Marseillaise. For example, "Stringiamci a coorte" recalls the verse of the La Marseillaise, "Formez vos bataillon" ("Form your battalions"). In origin was, in the first version of the Canto degli Italiani, another verse that was dedicated to Italian

This is a document about Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle
  The song that has immortalized him, "La Marseillaise", was composed at Strasbourg, where Rouget de Lisle was garrisoned in April 1792. France had just declared war on Austria, and the mayor of Strasbourg and worshipful master of the local masonic lodge, baron Philippe-Frédéric de Dietrich, held a dinner for the officers of the garrison, at which he lamented that France had no national anthem. Rouget de Lisle returned to his quarters and wrote the words in a fit of patriotic excitement. The piece was at first called Chant de guerre pour l'armée du Rhin ("War Song for the Army of the Rhine") and only received its name of Marseillaise from its adoption

This is a document about Bastille Day military parade
  part in the parade's finale parachute display was injured and taken care of at once by the medical personnel, in front of everyone in attendance. 2013's parade saw troops from Mali (including members of the French-led multinational intervention force) and Croatia, the newest EU member, march past. The Hector Berlioz arrangement of the national anthem was played on this parade by the band of the Troupes de Marine (forming the medal of the National Order of Merit on the grounds of the Place de la Concorde together with civilian participants forming the ribbon) and the French Army Chorus with soloist

This is a document about Murder of Samuel Paty
  in Place de la République in Paris, and in other cities across France. The demonstrators held various placards with statements such as "Je suis Samuel" and "Schools in mourning" written on them. The demonstrators also chanted "Freedom of expression, freedom to teach", or sang "La Marseillaise," the French national anthem. Politicians, academics, and envoys joined the demonstrations across France. In Lyon around 12,000 joined the demonstrations, in Toulouse approximately 5,000 turned out, and hundreds more assembled in Nice. The French Council of the Muslim Faith (CFCM), the main interlocutor of the public authorities on Islam, condemned the assassination and on Thursday, 22 October provided the Imams of France with

This is a document about Marquise de Créquy
  In her Souvenirs, which consists mainly of accurate noble genealogies and court gossip from the reigns of Louis XIV, Louis XV, Louis XVI and Napoleon, there is a tale for which the author of the Souvenirs is the sole authority. This story, widely believed in France, is her statement, with a detailed story to back it up, that Britain's national anthem, "God Save the Queen", was in fact written by Lully and sung by a French girls' school to greet Louis XIV. The French author of Souvenirs further states that the tune was later plagiarized by Handel and sold to

The French national anthem, "La Marseillaise," was written by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle in Strasbourg in 1792. It was first performed by the French army during the Revolution and was adopted as the national anthem in 1795. The lyrics were set to the tune of a German marching song, and the anthem gained popularity due to its revolutionary spirit and the "European march" style of its music. The anthem was first performed by the French army in Strasbourg on April 25, 1792,


Question: what is the style of arch found at the great mosque at cordoba

Answer: an upper semi-circular arch

This is a document about Islamic architecture
  The Great Mosque of Córdoba in Al-Andalus was initially built with a system of double-arched arcades supporting the flat timberwork ceiling. The columns of the arcades are connected by horseshoe arches which support brick pillars, which are in turn interconnected by semicircular arches. In the 10th-century additions to the mosque changes were introduced into the basic architectural design: horseshoe arches were now used for the upper row of arcades, which were now supported by five-pass arches. In sections which now supported domes, additional supporting structures were needed to bear the thrust of the cupolas. The architects solved this problem by the construction of intersecting three- or five-pass arches. The three domes spanning the vaults in front of the mihrab wall are constructed as ribbed vaults. Rather than meeting

This is a document about Madinat al-Zahra
  Artistically, Medina Azahara played a great role in formulating a distinct Andalusian Islamic architecture (also referred to as "Moorish" architecture), as well as establishing a more particular "caliphal" style of the 10th century. The congregational mosque (or Aljama Mosque) of Madinat al-Zahra bears close resemblance to the Great Mosque of Córdoba (at least prior to the latter's expansion by Al-Hakam II), and replicated its rows of double-tiered arches. The horseshoe arch, which had also appeared in the Great Mosque of Cordoba already, became further ubiquitous in Madinat al-Zahra and consolidated its distinctive form: the arch consisted of about three quarters of a circle and was usually contained within a rectangular frame known as an alfiz. The extensive arabesque decoration, carved in relief across many wall surfaces, demonstrate

This is a document about University of al-Qarawiyyin
  the rest of the mosque by a number of architectural embellishments. The arches that run along it are of varying shapes, including both horseshoe arches and multi-lobed arches. Instead of the plain timber ceilings, most sections of the nave are covered by a series of intricate muqarnas ceilings and cupolas, each slightly different from the other, as well as two "ribbed" dome cupolas (similar to the domes of the Great Mosque of Cordoba and Cristo de la Luz Mosque in Toledo) dating from the Almoravid and Alaouite periods. Many of the muqarnas compositions are further decorated with intricate reliefs of arabesques and Arabic inscriptions in both Kufic and cursive letters. Additionally, there are

This is a document about Kasbah Mosque (Marrakesh)
  Like most Almohad mosques, the mosque is relatively austere and much of its aesthetic effect inside is achieved by the rhythmic repetition of arches in the courtyard and prayer hall. The arches themselves vary slightly in shape and look. Most are horseshoe arches, with many of them embellished slightly by the carved outlines of pointed or polylobed arches around them. Some of the arches (around the mihrab, for example), are more elaborate polylobed and "lambrequin" (muqarnas-shaped) arches, all commonly found in Moorish architecture. Some of the pillars of the arches also feature small engaged columns with ornate capitals from the Almohad and Saadian periods. Additionally, in the outer aisles of the mosque (including the galleries around the courtyard) the wall-space around the arches is marked by bands and lines of stucco carved with geometric and arabesque patterns, very similar to those found in the Mouassine Mosque and Bab Doukkala Mosque from the Saadian period.

This is a document about Mosque of Cristo de la Luz
  arcade is articulated. This facade has a lobed arch, horseshoe arch, and a wider version of a horseshoe arch. Brickwork arches provide the decoration for the facade which are influenced by the architecture in Córdoba. In later years a Mudejar semi-circular apse was added. In the process of the addition the qibla wall and mihrab were lost. The use of the mudejar style provided a smooth transition from the original structure to the apse, as the addition uses the same style of decoration and materials as the original. The continuation of the arch motif is an important link between the two sections of the building.

This is a document about Horseshoe arch
  accentuate the effect of its shape. This can be seen at a large scale in their major work, the Great Mosque of Córdoba. This style of horseshoe arch then spread all over the Caliphate and adjacent areas, and was adopted by the successor Muslim emirates of the peninsula, the taifas, as well as by the Almoravid dynasty, Almohad Caliphate, and the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada. Lobed, round, pointed and multifoil arches were also used at that time. The Mozarabs also adopted this style of arch into their architecture and illuminated manuscripts. Horseshoe arches were also used in the Great Mosque of Kairouan (the earliest surviving part being the mihrab of 862–863), the Mosque of Ibn Tulun in Cairo (completed 879), and

This is a document about Islamic architecture
  power during the Caliphate of Cordoba in the 10th century. The Great Mosque at Córdoba, built in 785–786, marks the earliest major monument of Moorish architecture in the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus). This style of architecture established in Al-Andalus was also largely shared with the architecture of western North Africa (the Maghreb), from which later empires in the region would also emerge and contribute to its artistic evolution. The original Great Mosque of Cordoba was noted for its unique hypostyle hall with rows of double-tiered, two-coloured, arches, which were repeated and maintained in later extensions of the building. The mosque was

This is a document about Moorish architecture
  arches were particularly predominant afterwards in al-Andalus under the Umayyads of Cordoba, although the "Moorish" arch was of a slightly different and more sophisticated form than the Visigothic arch. Arches were not only used for supporting the weight of the structure above them. Blind arches and arched niches were also used as decorative elements. The mihrab (niche symbolizing the qibla) of a mosque was almost invariably in the shape of horseshoe arch. Starting in the Almoravid period, the first pointed or "broken" horseshoe arches began to appear in the region and became more widespread during the Almohad period. This arch is likely of North African origin, since pointed arches were already present in earlier Fatimid architecture further east.

This is a document about Rib vault
  In the Moorish architecture of Spain, Islamic architects used these ribbed vaults more visibly. One notable example is found in the Great Mosque of Córdoba, which was begun in the 9th century and extended between 922 and 965 by Al-Hakam II. The Chapel of Villaviciosa, as this part of the mosque became known when it was converted to a Roman Catholic church in the 13th century, has a dome which rests upon ribs and pendentives. At each vertex of the square is the intersection with another arch, such that each intersection is the junction of three arches. At each corner is a further miniature cross-vault dome. In the other domes of the 10th century reconstruction of the Great Mosque, the ribs intersect one another off-centre, forming an eight-pointed star in the centre which

This is a document about Sacral architecture
  Byzantine architecture had a great influence on early Islamic architecture with its characteristic horseshoe arches, vaults and domes. Many forms of mosques have evolved in different regions of the Islamic world. Notable mosque types include the early Abbasid mosques, T-type mosques, and the central-dome mosques of Anatolia. The earliest styles in Islamic architecture produced 'Arab-plan' or hypostyle mosques during the Umayyad Dynasty. These mosques follow a square or rectangular plan with enclosed courtyard and covered prayer hall. Most early hypostyle mosques had flat prayer hall roofs, which required numerous columns and supports. The Mezquita in Córdoba, Spain was constructed as a hypostyle mosque supported by over 850 columns. Arab-plan mosques continued under the Abbasid dynasty.

This is a document about Moorish architecture
  Characteristic elements of Moorish architecture include horseshoe or "Moorish" arches, interlacing arches, central courtyards, riad gardens, intricately carved wood and stucco as decoration, muqarnas sculpting, and decorative tile work known as zellij in Arabic or azulejo in Spanish and Portuguese. The architectural tradition is exemplified by mosques, madrasas, palaces, fortifications, hammams (bathhouses), funduqs (caravanserais), and other historic building types common to the Islamic world. Notable examples include the Mezquita in Córdoba (784–987, in four phases); the ruined palace-city of Medina Azahara (936–1010); the church (former mosque) San Cristo de la Luz in Toledo; the Aljafería in Zaragoza; the Alhambra (mainly 1338–1390 ) and Generalife (1302–9 and 1313–24) in Granada; the Giralda in Seville (1184); the Kutubiyya Mosque, Hassan Mosque, Andalusian Mosque, and al-Qarawiyyin Mosque in Morocco; the Great

This is a document about Lambrequin arch
  arch. Its origins are also traced further back to the "mixtilinear" arches seen in the oratory of the 11th-century Aljaferia Palace in Zaragoza. This type of arch was introduced into the Maghreb and Al-Andalus regions during the Almoravid period (11th-12th centuries), with an early appearance in the funerary section of the Qarawiyyin Mosque (in Fez) dating from the early 12th century. It then became common in subsequent Almohad, Marinid, and Nasrid architecture, in many cases used to highlight the arches near the mihrab area of a mosque. Muqarnas arches are also found abundantly the Alhambra palaces in Granada, for example, particularly the Court of Lions.

This is a document about Multifoil arch
  in al-Andalus (present-day Spain), in particular the arches of the maqsura area added to the mosque in the 10th century by al-Hakam II. Ettinghausen and Grabar argue that the form of these arches probably developed locally in al-Andalus, noting that in Cordoba they occurred as structural elements while in the eastern Islamic world they occurred mostly as decorative elements. Another scholar, Ignacio Arce, notes that Ettinghausen and Grabar did not take into account the earlier occurrences at the Qasr al-Hallabat mosque, where polylobed arches are used as structural elements. Jonathan Bloom also argues that the intersecting cusped arches of the Great Mosque of Cordoba were a local development, likely the result of a deliberate elaboration from the older two-tiered round arches that were part of the mosque since its initial foundation in 785.

This is a document about Mihrab
  The mihrab in the Great Mosque of Cordoba is a highly decorated piece of art that draws one's attention. It is a contribution made by Al-Hakam II that is not just used for prayer. It is used as a place of convergence in the mosque, where visitors could be amazed by its beauty and gilded designs. The entrance is covered in mosaics "which links to the Byzantium tradition, produced by the craftsmen sent by Emperor Nicephorus II. These mosaics extend along the voussoirs with a geometric and plant-based design, but also in the inscriptions which record verses from the Koran". This mihrab is also a bit different from a normal mihrab due to its scale. It takes up a whole room instead of just a niche. This style of mihrab set a standard for other mihrab construction in the region. The use of the horseshoe arch, carved stucco, and glass mosaics made an impression for the aesthetic of mihrabs, "although no other extant mihrab in Spain or western North Africa is as elaborate."

This is a document about History of medieval Arabic and Western European domes
  the end of the 12th century, with patterns based upon the square or octagon. Other examples include the domes of San Miguel de Almazán, Santa Cruz de Olorón, and San Blas Hospital. Contemporary Islamic examples in Spain and North Africa are distinguished from the Christian by the use of thinner and more numerous arches, such as those of the Alcázar of Seville, the Villena Castle in Alicante, the Great Mosque of Taza, and the minaret of Koutoubia Mosque. The style experienced a revival in early 16th century Spain when one of the crossed-arch domes of the Great Mosque of Córdoba was used as the model for domes at Zaragoza, Teruel, and Tarazona.

This is a document about Aljafería
  original pigment from being seen. The dome of the mosque was not preserved, because the palace of the Catholic Monarchs was built at that level. However, the characteristic octagonal plan suggests that it would have looked like existing ones in the maqsurah of the mosque of Córdoba, a dome of interlaced semicircular arches forming an octagon in the center. Francisco Íñiguez created a detachable plaster dome. In 2006, Bernabé Cabañero Subiza, C. Lasa Gracia, and J. L. Mateo Lázaro postulated that "the ribs of the vault [...] should have the section of horseshoe arches forming an eight-pointed star pattern with a dome agglomerated in the center, like those in the two domes of the transept of the Mosque of Córdoba."

This is a document about Islamic Golden Age
  spiralling minaret was constructed. The beginning of construction of the Great Mosque at Cordoba in 785 marked the beginning of Islamic architecture in Spain and Northern Africa. The mosque is noted for its striking interior arches. Moorish architecture reached its peak with the construction of the Alhambra, the magnificent palace/fortress of Granada, with its open and breezy interior spaces adorned in red, blue, and gold. The walls are decorated with stylized foliage motifs, Arabic inscriptions, and arabesque design work, with walls covered in geometrically patterned glazed tiles. Many traces of Fatimid architecture exist in Cairo today, the most defining examples include the Al Azhar University and the Al Hakim mosque.

This is a document about Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba
  hall with the following: Interest in the mosque's interior is created, then, not by the application of a skin of decoration to a separately conceived building but by the transformation of the morphemes of the architecture itself: the arches and voussoirs. Because we share the belief that architectural components must by definition behave logically, their conversion into agents of chaos fuels a basic subversion of our expectations concerning the nature of architecture. The tensions that grow from these subverted expectations create an intellectual dialogue between building and viewer that will characterize the evolving design of the Great Mosque of Cordoba for over two hundred years. The

This is a document about History of medieval Arabic and Western European domes
  elements of both Byzantine and Persian architecture, using both pendentives and squinches. The origin of the crossed-arch dome type is debated, but the earliest known example is from the tenth century at the Great Mosque of Córdoba. In Egypt, a "keel" shaped dome profile was characteristic of Fatimid architecture. The use of squinches became widespread in the Islamic world by the tenth and eleventh centuries. Bulbous domes were used to cover large buildings in Syria after the eleventh century, following an architectural revival there, and the present shape of the Dome of the Rock's dome likely dates from this time. Christian domes in Romanesque church architecture, especially those of the Holy

This is a document about Moorish architecture
  Perhaps the most characteristic arch type of western Islamic architecture generally is the so-called "Moorish" or "horseshoe" arch. This is an arch where the curves of the arch continue downward past the horizontal middle axis of the circle and begin to curve towards each other, rather than just forming a half circle. This arch profile became nearly ubiquitous in the region from the very beginning of the Islamic period. The origin of this arch appear to date back to the preceding Byzantine period across the Mediterranean, as versions of it appear in Byzantine-era buildings in Cappadocia, Armenia, and Syria. They also appear frequently in Visigothic churches in the Iberian peninsula (5th–7th centuries). Perhaps due to this Visigothic influence,

The style of arch found at the Great Mosque of Córdoba is a horseshoe arch.


Question: dwarfs in snow white and the huntsman movie

Answer: Bob Hoskins

This is a document about Seven Dwarfs
  to an Ogham letter. In Snow White and the Huntsman, the Seven Dwarfs started out as eight dwarfs when they are encountered by Snow White and Eric the Huntsman while fleeing Queen Ravenna. The Seven Dwarfs are:  The Dwarfs were played by actors without dwarfism who had their faces digitally transmuted onto small bodies, prompting a protest from the Little People of America. In The Huntsman: Winter's War, Nion returns where he aids Eric the Huntsman in retrieving the Magic Mirror which was stolen before it can be sealed away. They are aided by Nion's half-brother Gryff (portrayed by Rob Brydon) who is a debt collector.

This is a document about Huntsman (Snow White)
  The Huntsman is a fictional character in Snow White.

This is a document about Snow White and the Huntsman
  Snow White and the Huntsman is a 2012 American fantasy film based on the German fairy tale "Snow White" compiled by the Brothers Grimm. The film is the directorial debut of Rupert Sanders, with a screenplay by Evan Daugherty, John Lee Hancock and Hossein Amini, from a screen story by Daugherty. The cast includes Kristen Stewart, Charlize Theron, Chris Hemsworth, Sam Claflin, and Bob Hoskins in his final film performance. In the film's retelling of the tale, Snow White grows up imprisoned by her evil stepmother, Queen Ravenna, a powerful sorceress. After Snow White escapes into the forest, Ravenna enlists Eric, the Huntsman to capture her, but he becomes her compatriot in a quest to overthrow Ravenna. Snow White and the Huntsman was theatrically released in the United Kingdom on May 30, 2012 and

This is a document about Snow White (1916 film)
 Marguerite Clark as Snow White ; Creighton Hale as Prince Florimond ; Dorothy Cumming as Queen Brangomar ; Lionel Braham as Berthold the Huntsman ; Alice Washburn as Witch Hex (*see below) ; Richard Barthelmess as Pie Man ; Arthur Donaldson as King ; Irwin Emmer as Dwarf ; Billy Platt as Dwarf ; Herbert Rice as Dwarf ; Jimmy Rosen as Dwarf May Robson as Witch Hex (she replaced originally scheduled Alice Washburn) ; Kate Lester as a dowager queen  uncredited

This is a document about Ever After High
  her food and approved it. ; Hunter Huntsman (voiced by Grant George ) – The son of the Huntsman from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and Little Red Riding Hood. He has short brown hair, and usually wears a green shirt, a brown hoodie, a leather-like vest, tan pants, and tall hiking boots. He also carries a textured messenger bag. He enjoys helping animals, and his special ability is to be able to fashion things out of the random materials he has available, although he considers himself bad at making traps as they always break. He loves fellow animal lover Ashlynn

This is a document about Snow White and the Huntsman
  set with Emily Blunt. It was later announced that Cedric Nicolas-Troyan would take over as the new director for the film. Nick Frost would return as Dwarf Nion and Jessica Chastain would star. On March 18, 2015, Rob Brydon, Alexandra Roach and Sheridan Smith were added to the cast as dwarves. TheWrap confirmed on May 7, 2015, that Sam Claflin would return as William in this sequel. It was later revealed that the film would feature Ravenna's sister, the Ice Queen, and would reveal the origins of the Huntsman, while also continuing the story of the first film. The film, which is both a prequel and a sequel, was released in 2016 as The Huntsman: Winter's War.

This is a document about Seven Dwarfs
  The Seven Dwarfs are a group of seven fictional dwarfs that appear in the 1812 fairy tale "Snow White" and other renditions and adaptations.

This is a document about Huntsman (Snow White)
  The Huntsman is one of the two title characters in the film Snow White and the Huntsman, played by Chris Hemsworth. Eric is a huntsman whose wife, Sara, was seemingly killed while he was fighting in a war. After Snow White escapes into the Dark Forest, Queen Ravenna and her brother Finn make a bargain with Eric the Huntsman to capture Snow White, promising to bring his wife back to life in exchange. The Huntsman tracks down Snow White, but when Finn reveals that Ravenna does not actually have the power to do what she promised, the Huntsman fights him and his men while Snow White runs away. Throughout the film, Eric becomes Snow White's ally in the fight against Queen Ravenna. His allegiance slowly becomes both absolute (after finding himself smitten by the same purity in the princess that he loved in his wife) and resolute (after the revelation of the Queen's duplicity having been the cause of the death of his wife).

This is a document about Snow White
  The Forest Is Not Enough (7 Zwerge – Der Wald ist nicht genug) (2006), sequel to the 2004 German film 7 Dwarves – Men Alone in the Wood ; Sydney White (2007), a modernization, starring Amanda Bynes ; Blancanieves (2012), a silent Spanish film based on the fairy tale. ; Mirror Mirror (2012), starring Julia Roberts as the Evil Queen Clementianna, Lily Collins as Snow White, Armie Hammer as Prince Andrew Alcott, and Nathan Lane as Brighton, the Queen's majordomo. ; The Huntsman series: ; Snow White and the Huntsman (2012), starring Kristen Stewart, Charlize Theron, Chris Hemsworth, and Sam Claflin. ; The Huntsman: Winter's War (2016), which features Snow White as a minor character.

This is a document about Dwarf (folklore)
  There were seven dwarfs in the Brothers Grimm's fairy tale Snow White. Walt Disney's 1937 film based on the story, is one of the most well-known adaptations today. Most dwarfs in modern fiction closely follow those of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, where the dwarves (Tolkien's spelling) were distinguished from elves. Most modern fantasy media have continued this distinction, beginning with TSR's Dungeons & Dragons. Dungeons & Dragons calls the dwarfs "dwarves" and the dark dwarves "duergar". They are also present in C. S. Lewis's The Chronicles of Narnia, in both the books and the film adaptations.

This is a document about Huntsman (Snow White)
  The Huntsman appears in the 1987 Snow White film portrayed by Amnon Meskin. When the Huntsman takes Snow White away from the King to kill her on the Evil Queen's orders, Snow White figures out her stepmother's plot and escapes from him.

This is a document about Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)
  Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is a 1937 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. Based on the 1812 German fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm, it is the first full-length traditionally animated feature film and the first Disney animated feature film. The story was adapted by storyboard artists Dorothy Ann Blank, Richard Creedon, Merrill De Maris, Otto Englander, Earl Hurd, Dick Rickard, Ted Sears and Webb Smith. David Hand was the supervising director, while William Cottrell, Wilfred Jackson, Larry Morey, Perce Pearce, and Ben Sharpsteen directed the film's individual sequences. Snow White premiered at the Carthay Circle Theatre in Los Angeles, California on

This is a document about Four Great Women and a Manicure
  In the second tale, Lisa tells the story of Snow White, with herself in the title role. Her version features the dwarves Crabby (Moe), Drunky (Barney), Hungry (Homer), Greedy (Mr. Burns), Lenny (Lenny), Kearney (Kearney) and Doc (Julius Hibbert), following the appearance of the Blue-Haired Lawyer who tells Lisa that Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs has been copyrighted by the Walt Disney Corporation, prompting Lisa to change the characters to avoid being sued. When the wicked queen learns from her magic high-definition television that Snow White is fairer than she is, she dispatches her huntsman (Groundskeeper Willie) to murder the young maiden. However, Willie the huntsman cannot

This is a document about Snow White
  down the story for children. A popular version of Snow White is the 1937 American animated film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs by Walt Disney. Disney's variation of Snow White gave the dwarfs names and included a singing Snow White. The Disney film also is the only version in which Snow White and her prince meet before she bites the apple; in fact, it is this meeting that sets the plot in motion. Instead of her lungs and liver, as written in the original, the huntsman is asked by the queen to bring back Snow White's heart. While the heart is mentioned, it is never shown in the box. Snow White is much more

This is a document about Kippei Shiina
 Snow White and the Huntsman, Eric the Huntsman (Chris Hemsworth)

This is a document about Rupert Sanders
 Snow White and the Huntsman (2012) ; Ghost in the Shell (2017)

This is a document about 1974 in animation
 February 4: Stuart Buchanan, American voice actor (voice of The Huntsman in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs), dies at age 79.

This is a document about Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)
  thought that the dwarfs would be the main focus of the story, and many sequences were written for the seven characters. However, at a certain point, it was decided that the main thrust of the story was provided by the relationship between the Queen and Snow White. For this reason, several sequences featuring the dwarfs were cut from the film. The first, which was animated in its entirety before being cut, showed Doc and Grumpy arguing about whether Snow White should stay with them. Another, also completely animated, would have shown the dwarfs eating soup noisily and messily; Snow White unsuccessfully attempts to teach them how to eat

This is a document about Klára Jerneková
 Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) - Snow White. ; Cinderella (1950) - Cinderella.

This is a document about Huntsman (Snow White)
  The Huntsman appears in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs voiced by Stuart Buchanan. The Evil Queen is so jealous of Snow White's beauty that she orders the Huntsman to take Snow White far into the forest and kill her while stating that he knows the penalty should he fail. She further demands that the Huntsman return with Snow White's heart in a jewelled box as proof of the deed. When he is about to use his knife on Snow White, the Huntsman cannot bring himself to kill Snow White. After revealing the Queen wants her dead, he tearfully begs for her

In the 2012 film "Snow White and the Huntsman," the Seven Dwarfs are portrayed by actors with digitally transposed faces onto their bodies. They have small bodies and are played by actors such as Ian McShane, Bob Hoskins, and Eddie Marsan. In the original 1916 film "Snow White," the Seven Dwarfs are portrayed by actors in makeup, including Marguerite Clark, Creighton Hale, and Alice Hewitt. In the animated series "Hunter Huntsman," the character of Hunter Huntsman


Question: who sings the song where have all the flowers gone

Answer: Pete Seeger

This is a document about Where Have All the Flowers Gone?
  "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?" is a modern folk-style song. Inspired lyrically by the traditional Cossack folk song "Koloda-Duda", Pete Seeger wrote the melody and the first three verses in 1955 and published it in Sing Out! magazine. Additional verses were added in May 1960 by Joe Hickerson, who turned it into a circular song. Its rhetorical "where?" and meditation on death place the song in the ubi sunt tradition. In 2010, the New Statesman listed it as one of the "Top 20 Political Songs". The 1964 release of the song as a Columbia Records Hall of Fame series 45 single, 13-33088, by Pete Seeger was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2002 in the Folk category.

This is a document about Ukrainian folk music
  Where Have All the Flowers Gone? is a folk song of the 1960s written by Pete Seeger and Joe Hickerson. Seeger found inspiration for the song while on his way to a concert. Leafing through his notebook he saw the passage, "Where are the flowers, the girls have plucked them. Where are the girls, they've all taken husbands. Where are the men, they're all in the army." These lines were from a Ukrainian and Cossack folk song referenced in a novel by Mikhail Sholokhov, And Quiet Flows the Don. Seeger adapted it to a tune, a lumberjack version of "Drill, Ye Tarriers, Drill". With only three verses, he recorded it once in a medley on a Rainbow Quest album and forgot about it. Joe Hickerson later added verses four and five.

This is a document about Where Have All the Flowers Gone?
 The Kingston Trio recorded the song in 1961. Believing it to be a traditional song, they claimed authorship, although upon notice from Seeger they had their name removed and credited Seeger and Hickerson. Seeger acknowledged their success with this song. Their single, with "O Ken Karanga" as the A-side and the hit "Where Have All The Flowers Gone?" the B-side, reached #21 in the 1962 Billboard Hot 100 chart and #4 on the Easy Listening chart. ; Peter, Paul and Mary included the song on their eponymous debut album (which spent five weeks as the #1 album in the country) in 1962. ; Marlene

This is a document about Pete Seeger
  his best-known songs include "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?" (with additional lyrics by Joe Hickerson), "If I Had a Hammer (The Hammer Song)" (with Lee Hays of the Weavers), "Kisses Sweeter Than Wine" (also with Hays), and "Turn! Turn! Turn!", which have been recorded by many artists both in and outside the folk revival movement. "Flowers" was a hit recording for the Kingston Trio (1962); Marlene Dietrich, who recorded it in English, German and French (1962); and Johnny Rivers (1965). "If I Had a Hammer" was a hit for Peter, Paul and Mary (1962) and Trini Lopez (1963) while the Byrds

This is a document about Music and politics
  this type of socio-political music. Woody Guthrie's "This Land Is Your Land" is one of the most famous American folk songs and its lyrics exemplify Guthrie's socialistic patriotism. Pete Seeger's "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?", was a popular anti-war protest song. Many of these types of songs became popular during the Vietnam War era. "Blowin' in the Wind", by Bob Dylan, was a hit for Peter, Paul and Mary, and suggested that a younger generation was becoming more aware of global problems than many of the older generation. In 1964, Joan Baez had a top-ten hit in the UK

This is a document about Twice Upon a Time (The Kingston Trio album)
  Flowers Gone" – 0:16 ; 25) "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?" (Pete Seeger, Joe Hickerson) – 3:07 ; 26) "Intro to Little Maggie" – 2:01 ; 27) "Little Maggie" (Traditional) – 2:28 ; 28) "Intro to The Spinnin' of the World" – 0:50 ; 29) "The Spinnin' of the World" (Stewart) – 2:12 ; 30) "Intro to Scotch and Soda" – 1:38 ; 31) "Scotch and Soda" (Dave Guard) – 2:13 ; 32) "Intro to When the Saints Go Marching In" – 0:46 ; 33) "Saints Go Marching In" (Traditional) – 5:25 ; 34) "Tomorrow Is a Long Time" (Bob Dylan) (video)

This is a document about Judy Collins
  Like many other folk singers of her generation, Collins was drawn to social activism. Her political idealism also led her to compose a ballad entitled "Che" in honor of the 1960s Marxist icon Che Guevara. Collins sympathized with the Yippie movement and was friendly with its leaders, Abbie Hoffman and Jerry Rubin. On March 17, 1968, she attended Hoffman's press conference at the Americana Hotel in New York to announce the party's formation. In 1969, she testified in Chicago in support of the Chicago Seven; during her testimony, she began singing Pete Seeger's "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?" and was admonished

This is a document about Pete Seeger
 A proposal was made in 2009 to name the Walkway Over the Hudson in his honor. ; A posthumous suggestion that Seeger's name be applied to the replacement Tappan Zee Bridge being built over the Hudson River was made by a local town supervisor. Seeger's boat, the sloop Clearwater, is based at Beacon, New York, just upriver from the bridge. ; Oakwood Friends School, located in Poughkeepsie New York, not far from Seeger's home, performed "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?" at one of their worship meetings. The collaboration was with three teachers (playing guitar and vocals) as well as a student harmonica player and a student vocalist. ; A free five-day memorial called Seeger Fest took place on July 17–21, 2014, featuring Judy Collins, Peter Yarrow, Harry Belafonte,

This is a document about Elizabeth Fraser
  but she was unavailable for the project. Fraser also rejected a collaboration request from Linkin Park. In October 2018, Fraser's voice was featured alongside Beth Gibbons and several other female voices as part of an audio artwork, Clarion Call, in Ipswich. In November 2018, Massive Attack announced tour dates to mark 20 years of their album Mezzanine and confirmed that Fraser would be joining them on the tour. Reviewers had mixed views on Massive Attack, but singled out Fraser for praise, with the Financial Times referring to "the crystalline beauty of her voice" and the "achingly, cascadingly sad" cover of Pete Seeger's "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?", while The Daily Telegraph referred to "the ethereal warmth of her trippily

This is a document about Last Days and Time
  in this country, of EW&F's first CBS album from 1973." Sexton added "Maurice White was still the wallah, even in those days, but the band hadn't really established their sound, although the material they used was not enormously different. The lush production, and White's domination of the vocals are not there, and there's greater reliance on other people's material. Such as, curiously enough David Gates Make It With You and even more unlikely, Pete Seeger's Where Have All The Flowers Gone. White wrote or co-wrote four numbers here including the instrumental Power and Mom one of the highlights." Edward Hill of the Plain Dealer said "Released a year after What's Going On, the disc used jazz-like instrumental experimentation expanding

This is a document about The Kingston Trio
  the Sun" in 1963. They encouraged young songwriters including Hoyt Axton ("Greenback Dollar"), Rod McKuen ("Ally Ally Oxen Free", "The World I Used to Know") and Billy Edd Wheeler ("Reverend Mr Black"). Best of all, in 1962 they introduced listeners to one of the most poignant songs ever written, the anti-war ballad "Where Have All The Flowers Gone?" by Pete Seeger, formerly with the Weavers. Further, Peter Dreier points out that "the group deserves credit for helping to launch the folk boom that brought recognition to older folkies and radicals like Woody Guthrie and Pete Seeger, and for paving the way for newcomers like Joan

This is a document about College Concert
  The Trio recorded the single version of "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?" in a New York studio November 14, 1961 and claimed authorship, but they took their names off when Pete Seeger asked them to. The single, with "O Ken Karanga" as the A-side and "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?" the B-side, reached #21 in the 1962 charts, as shown in the Billboard Hot 100. A single with "Chilly Winds" b/w "Roddy McCorley" was released in the UK. An additional single was released in the US in April consisting of "Scotch and Soda" b/w "Jane Jane Jane". Producer Voyle Gilmore and engineer Pete Abbott recorded two performances at the University of California, Los Angeles and edited the best performances from each night. College Concert was the last performance with the Trio by long-time bassist David "Buck" Wheat. The original liner notes are attributed to the Trio's opening act Ronnie Schell as "America's Slowest Rising Young Comedian".

This is a document about Marlene Dietrich
  never to visit again. East Germany, however, received her well. She also undertook a tour of Israel around the same time, which was well-received; she sang some songs in German during her concerts, including, from 1962, a German version of Pete Seeger's anti-war anthem "Where Have All the Flowers Gone", thus breaking the unofficial taboo against the use of German in Israel. She would become the first woman and German to receive the Israeli Medallion of Valor in 1965, "in recognition for her courageous adherence to principle and consistent record of friendship for the Jewish people". Dietrich in London, a concert album,

This is a document about Farewell, Angelina
  The album represented a further shift from the strictly traditional folk music with which Baez had begun her career in that, for the first time, she included electric backup in the form of Bruce Langhorne's electric guitar. Additional musicians included Russ Savakus (bass) and Ralph Rinzler (mandolin). The album takes its name from a Bob Dylan song, and includes a total of four Dylan songs, two of which were not officially released by Dylan until 1991. The album also features songs written by other folk singers such as Woody Guthrie and Pete Seeger, as well a German reading of "Where Have All the Flowers Gone". The cover photo was taken by Richard Avedon. In the UK the title song was issued as a single on Fontana Records. The 2002 reissue of the album by Vanguard features three previously unreleased additional tracks from the Farewell, Angelina sessions: "One Too Many Mornings", "Rock, Salt, And Nails", and "The Water Is Wide".

This is a document about The Lennon Sisters
  the 1950s and 1960s, producing a dozen albums, featuring their interpretations of well-known standards such as "Among My Souvenirs", "Moon River", and "Twilight Time". Some of their best-known recordings included "Scarlet Ribbons", "Greensleeves", and Schubert's "Ave Maria". A themed LP titled Dominique featured the Lennon Sisters with their musically talented siblings and cousins performing a variety of 1960s folk songs, including "Where Have All the Flowers Gone" and "If I Had My Way (The Sermon of Samson)", as well as the title track. They recorded briefly for Mercury Records after leaving Dot, focusing on more contemporary pop/light-rock fare, such as "Can't

This is a document about And Quiet Flows the Don
  Ivan Dzerzhinsky based his opera Quiet Flows the Don (Tikhiy Don) on the novel, with the libretto adapted by his brother Leonid. Premiered in October 1935, it became wildly popular after Stalin saw and praised it a few months later. The opera was proclaimed a model of socialist realism in music and won Dzerzhinsky a Stalin Prize. The lyrics for the folk song "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?" by Pete Seeger and Joe Hickerson were adapted from the cossack folk "Koloda duda" (Ukrainian: "колода дуда") song sung by Daria in And Quiet Flows the Don Part 1, Chapter 3 (page 17 Knopf edition).

This is a document about Decora (rapper)
  Decora launched his solo career in 2014, with the release of “Flowers,” a single from his debut solo album, Bread and Oats. The tune pays tribute to his late hero and mentor Pete Seeger, referencing the folksinger’s classic “Where Have All the Flowers Gone?” in the chorus as the verses outline commentary on current sociological and environmental situations. The full Bread and Oats album was released in July, 2015. Afropunk reviewed the album, saying it was Decora’s “refusal to play by the rules that made Bread and Oats such a compelling record.” In his review of the album, Afropunk contributor Nathan Lee said, “Decora has set a monumental task before himself: to tie together a hundred disparate influences and ideas into one cohesive whole... he does it remarkably on Bread and Oats.” Lee urged readers to “Definitely check this one out.” Bread and Oats includes two tracks

This is a document about Appleseed Recordings
  Appleseed's first album was a tribute to Peter Seeger. Musselman approached musicians and others (writer Studs Terkel, actor Tim Robbins) to record a song written, adapted, or performed by Seeger. The result was Where Have All the Flowers Gone: The Songs of Pete Seeger. The album included versions of Seeger-related songs by Bruce Springsteen, Jackson Browne & Joan Baez, Judy Collins, Terkel, Robbins, and Ani DiFranco. The album won the American Federation of Independent Music Award for Top Independent Release of 1998". The duet by Jackson Browne and Bonnie Raitt on "Kisses Sweeter than Wine" was nominated for a 1999 Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals. In 2007, Appleseed worked with the Give Us Your Poor organization at UMass Boston to release Give Us Your Poor to raise funds and public awareness about homelessness in America. Among its exclusive tracks was the first collaboration between Bruce Springsteen and Pete Seeger.

This is a document about Where Have All the Flowers Gone? (film)
  Where Have All the Flowers Gone? is a 2008 documentary film directed by Arturo Perez Jr. and produced by Arturo Perez Jr., Joel Sadler and Billy Troy. Perez, Sadler, and Troy travel to San Francisco to recapture the Summer of Love more than 40 years previously. The film premiered at the Wine Country Film Festival on August 4, 2008 and at San Francisco State University on September 26, 2008.

This is a document about There's a Hole in My Bucket
  a traditional "Pennsylvania Dutch" (i.e. German) song. Ed McCurdy recorded it in 1958 on "Children's Songs". Harry Belafonte recorded it with Odetta in 1960. It reached No. 32 in the UK Singles Chart in September 1961. In his book Where Have All the Flowers Gone: A Singer's Songs, Stories, Seeds, Robberies (1993), Pete Seeger refers to it as an originally German song, "Lieber Heinrich". Songs Along the Mahantongo: Pennsylvania Dutch Folksongs (1951), by Boyer, Buffington, & Yoder, has a version Liewer Heinrich, liewer Heinrich? Was soll ich koche, liewer Heinrich, Was dann? Dear Henry, dear Henry? What should I cook, dear

Pete Seeger originally wrote and sang the song "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?". However, it was later popularized by the Kingston Trio and Peter, Paul and Mary.


Question: when did they put warnings on cigarette packs

Answer: 2003

This is a document about Cigarette packets in Australia
  In 1973, Australia's first health warning on cigarette packages appeared with the simple message 'WARNING — SMOKING IS A HEALTH HAZARD'. Since 1 March 2006, graphic images depicting the effects of smoking cigarettes have been required to be displayed on cigarette packets. Warnings must cover 30% of the front and 90% of the back of the box. The 10% of the back not occupied by a warning is used for the message "Sale to underage persons prohibited". Since 1 December 2012 all forms of branding logos, colours, and promotional texts are banned from cigarette pack designs. The requirement is for plain cigarette packaging showing only brand name and health warning messages. Australia was the first country to have plain packaging cigarette packs. At the same time the plain packets were introduced, the size of the anti-smoking images became larger, so the two effects are difficult to separate. Canada was the first country to use graphic pictures in conjunction with written warnings on cigarette packages, with the legislation coming in 2000.

This is a document about Tobacco packaging warning messages
  The first health warnings appeared on cigarette packets in New Zealand in 1974. Warning images accompanying text have been required to appear on each packet since 28 February 2008. New Regulations were made on 14 March 2018 which provided for larger warnings and a new schedule of images and messages. By law, 75% of the cigarette pack's front and 100% of the cigarette pack's rear must consist of warning messages. Images include gangrenous toes, rotting teeth and gums, diseased lungs and smoking-damaged hearts. Cigarette packets also carry the Quitline logo and phone number and other information about quitting smoking. In total, there are 15 different warnings. A full list with pictures is available at the New Zealand Ministry of Health's website. Warning

This is a document about Tobacco packaging warning messages
   In 1966, the United States became the first nation in the world to require a health warning on cigarette packages. In 1973, the Assistant Director of Research at R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company wrote an internal memorandum regarding new brands of cigarettes for the youth market. He observed that, "psychologically, at eighteen, one is immortal" and theorized that "the desire to be daring is part of the motivation to start smoking." He stated, "in this sense the label on the package is a plus." In 1999, Philip Morris USA purchased three brands of cigarettes from Liggett Group Inc. The brands were: Chesterfield, L&M, and Lark. At the time Philip Morris purchased the brands

This is a document about Tobacco packaging warning messages
  only warning in cigarette packs was printed in a very small typeface along one of the sides: "Se ha determinado que el fumar cigarrillos es nocivo para la salud, Ley de impuesto sobre cigarrillos" (It has been determined that cigarette smoking is harmful to your health, Cigarette Tax Law) Since 14 September 1978 On 24 March 2005, another warning was introduced in every cigarette pack: "Este producto contiene alquitrán, nicotina y monóxido de carbono, los cuales son cancerígenos y tóxicos. No existen niveles seguros para el consumo de estas sustancias" ("This product contains tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide, which are carcinogenic

This is a document about Regulation of tobacco by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
  Trade Commission read the report the day it was released and quickly proposed a mandatory cigarette label that warned, "CAUTION: cigarette smoking is dangerous to your health and may cause death from cancer and other diseases." However, legislation ultimately passed by Congress required a warning label with less dire language:"CAUTION: CIGARETTE SMOKING MAY BE HAZARDOUS TO YOUR HEALTH." In 1965, the United States Congress passed the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act (FCLAA), which required a health warning on all cigarette packs. In 1970, President Richard Nixon signed the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act, which banned cigarettes ads on the radio or television. It also required an updated warning on the cigarette packages which read: "Warning: The Surgeon General has determined that cigarette smoking is dangerous to your health." In

This is a document about June 1964
 The U.S. Federal Trade Commission issued a ruling requiring that all cigarette package labels should, by January 1, include a warning, displayed "clearly and prominently", that cigarette smoking could cause death from cancer and other diseases. The FTC added that cigarette advertising would be required to include the warning by July 1, 1965.  The original warning, as required by Congress in 1965, was "Cigarette Smoking May be Hazardous to Your Health." ; Born: Christopher Steele, British intelligence officer and investigator; to British parents in Aden, Federation of South Arabia ; Died: Stuart Davis, 71, American painter

This is a document about Tobacco packaging warning messages
  "WARNING by H.M. Government, SMOKING CAN DAMAGE YOUR HEALTH". In 1991, the EU tightened laws on tobacco warnings. "TOBACCO SERIOUSLY DAMAGES HEALTH" was printed on the front of all tobacco packs. An additional warning was also printed on the reverse of cigarette packs. In 2003, new EU regulations required one of the following general warnings must be displayed, covering at least 30% of the surface of the pack: Additionally, one of the following additional warnings must be displayed, covering at least 40% of the surface of the pack: From October 2008, all cigarette products manufactured must carry picture warnings to the reverse. Every pack must have one of these warnings by October 2009. Plain packaging, including prominent and standardised health warnings and minimal manufacturer information, became compulsory for all cigarette and hand-rolling tobacco packs manufactured after May 2016 and sold after May 2017.

This is a document about Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act
  The U.S. Surgeon General Luther Terry issued a detailed report saying that cigarette smoking was a health hazard on January 11, 1964. In June 1964, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced several new requirements of the tobacco industry. Beginning on January 1, 1965, the tobacco industry would have to put health warning labels on their cigarette packages and that starting July 1, 1965, similar health warnings would be required in their advertisements. The tobacco industry fought back with an aggressive lobbying effort on Capitol Hill and a public relations campaign that included brochures such as "Tobacco—a vital U.S. Industry," stressing the economic importance of the industry and

This is a document about Luther Terry
  role of smoking in other illnesses such as emphysema, cardiovascular disease, and various types of cancer. The committee concluded that cigarette smoking was a health hazard of sufficient importance to warrant appropriate remedial action. In June 1964, the Federal Trade Commission voted by a margin of 3–1 to require that cigarette manufacturers "clearly and prominently" place a warning on packages of cigarettes effective January 1, 1965, stating that smoking was dangerous to health, in line with the warning issued by the Surgeon General's special committee. The same warning would be required in all cigarette advertising effective July 1, 1965. The landmark Surgeon General's report

This is a document about Comprehensive Smoking Education Act
  most important cause of chronic bronchitis, increased risk of dying from chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and caused coronary disease. As a result, Congress enacted the Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act in 1965, which created the first cigarette warning label in the United States by requiring health warnings on all cigarette packages saying "Caution: Cigarette Smoking May Be Hazardous to Your Health." A few years later, Congress passed the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act of 1969, which banned cigarette advertising on television and radio as well as slightly changed the health warning to "Warning: The Surgeon General Has Determined That Cigarette Smoking is Dangerous to Your Health." However, in a 1981 report to Congress, the Federal Trade Commission concluded that the health warning labels were not effective enough on public knowledge and peoples' attitudes towards smoking. This led to the Comprehensive Smoking Education Act of 1984.

This is a document about Cigarette
  Pakistan, India, Hong Kong, and Singapore. In 1985, Iceland became the first country to enforce graphic warnings on cigarette packaging. At the end of December 2010, new regulations from Ottawa increased the size of tobacco warnings to cover three-quarters of the cigarette package in Canada. As of November 2010, 39 countries have adopted similar legislation. In February 2011, the Canadian government passed regulations requiring cigarette packs to contain 12 new images to cover 75% of the outside panel and eight new health messages on the inside panel with full color. As of April 2011, Australian regulations require all packs to use a bland olive green that researchers determined to be the least attractive color, with 75% coverage

This is a document about Tobacco packaging warning messages
  Tobacco package warning messages are warning messages that appear on the packaging of cigarettes and other tobacco products concerning their health effects. They have been implemented in an effort to enhance the public's awareness of the harmful effects of smoking. In general, warnings used in different countries try to emphasize the same messages. Warnings for some countries are listed below. Such warnings have been required in tobacco advertising for many years, with the earliest mandatory warning labels implemented in Iceland in 1969. Implementing tobacco warning labels has been strongly opposed by the tobacco industry, most notably in Australia following the implementation of plain packaging laws. The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, adopted in 2003, requires such package warning messages to promote awareness against smoking. A 2009

This is a document about Tobacco packaging warning messages
  Starting in November 2006, all cigarette packages sold in Chile are required to have one of two health warnings, a graphic pictorial warning or a text-only warning. These warnings are replaced with a new set of two warnings each year.

This is a document about Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson
  In January 1964, Surgeon General Luther Terry issued a detailed report on smoking and lung cancer. The report "hit the country like a bombshell," Terry later said, becoming "front page news and a lead story on every radio and television station in the United States and many abroad." Terry's report prompted Congress to pass the Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act in July 1965, requiring cigarette manufacturers to place a warning label on the side of cigarette packs stating: "Caution: Cigarette Smoking May Be Hazardous to Your Health."

This is a document about Tobacco packaging warning messages
  be careful not to inconvenience others.) ; 人により程度は異なりますが、ニコチンにより喫煙への依存が生じます. (The degree may differ from person to person, but nicotine [in cigarettes] causes addiction to smoking.) ; 未成年者の喫煙は、健康に対する悪影響やたばこへの依存をより強めます. 周りの人から勧められても決して吸ってはいけません. (Smoking while underage heightens the addiction and damage to health caused by cigarettes. Never smoke, even if encouraged to by those around you.) Japan became the first country in Asia to display a general warning on cigarette packaging in 1972. Prior to 2005, there was only one warning on all Japanese cigarette packages. Since 2005, more than one general warning is printed on cigarette packaging. On the front of cigarette packages: On the back of cigarette packages:

This is a document about Regulation of nicotine marketing
  to Female Lib", shown at 11:59 p.m. on 1 January 1971 during a break on The Tonight Show. After the television ban, most cigarette advertising took place in magazines, newspapers, and on billboards. Smokeless tobacco ads, on the other hand, remained on the air until a ban took effect on 28 August 1986. Even further restrictions took effect under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act. Since 1984, cigarette companies have been forced to place Surgeon General's warnings on all cigarette packs and advertisements because of the passing of the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act. The 2010

This is a document about Tobacco packaging warning messages
  ; Røyking under graviditeten skader barnet (Smoking during pregnancy harms the child) ; Røyk inneholder benzen, nitrosaminer, formaldehyd og blåsyre (Smoke contains benzene, nitrosamines, formaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide) Denne tobakksvaren kan være helseskadelig og er avhengighetsskapende (This tobacco product may be a health hazard, and is addictive)  Norway have had general warnings on cigarette packets since 1975. Norway's warnings of today were introduced in 2003 and are in line with EU's legislation, as Norway is an EEA member: On the front of cigarette and cigar packages, covering about 30% of the area: On the back of cigarette and cigar packages, covering about 45% of the area: Tobacco products like snus and chewing tobacco have the following warning printed on them:

This is a document about John R. Reilly
  three commissioners who voted in the majority to require that cigarette manufacturers "clearly and prominently" place a warning on packages of cigarettes effective January 1, 1965, stating that smoking is dangerous to health, in line with the warning issued by a special committee formed by the Surgeon General of the United States Luther Leonidas Terry. The same warning would be required in all cigarette advertising effective July 1, 1965. After leaving the FTC in 1967, Reilly became a partner with the Washington, D.C., law firm of Pierson, Ball & Dowd, and was founding partner in 1972 of the Washington, D.C. office of Winston & Strawn LLP, a firm based in Chicago. Reilly served as a campaign

This is a document about Tobacco packaging warning messages
  very difficult to quit) Back 19세 미만 청소년에게 판매 금지! 당신 자녀의 건강을 해칩니다 (It is illegal to sell cigarettes to people under 19! It hurts your children's health) ; From December 2016, 50% of cigarette packages must contain warning elements, of which 30% must be graphic or photographic warnings. In addition to the existing warning 흡연이 질병의 원인이 될 수 있다 (Smoking can be a cause of disease), the following warning will be mandatory: 흡연은 다른 사람의 건강을 위협할 수 있다 (Smoking can harm another person's health) In South Korea, general warnings on cigarette packaging have been used since 1976. The warning messages used since then have been:

This is a document about Regulation of nicotine marketing
  member country, the relevant EU directives banning tobacco advertising are implemented in the United Kingdom, in addition to UK laws restricting tobacco advertising. The first calls to restrict advertising came in 1962 from the Royal College of Physicians, who highlighted the health problems and recommended stricter laws on the sale and advertising of tobacco products. In 1971, an agreement between the government and the tobacco industry saw the inclusion of health warnings on all cigarette packets. All television commercials for cigarettes were banned on 1 August 1965, although commercials for loose tobacco and cigars continued until 1991. Non-television advertising campaigns were still allowed in the UK but came under stricter guidelines in 1986, which, in particular, prevented adverts from actually showing a person smoking.

The first country to require health warnings on cigarette packs was the United States in 1966. The first warning read "Cigarette Smoking May Be Hazardous to Your Health." In Australia, graphic health warnings have been required on cigarette packs since 2006, and they must cover 75% of the front and back of the pack. The first warnings in New Zealand appeared in 1974, and since 2008, all cigarette packs must have large health warnings covering 75% of the front and back, and 100% of


Question: what afl teams home ground is the mcg

Answer: Collingwood

This is a document about Australian Football League
  Throughout the history of the VFL/AFL, there have been a total of 45 different grounds used, with 17 used during the 2019 AFL season. The largest capacity ground in use is the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG), which has a capacity of over 100,000 people, and hosts the Grand Final each year (see AFL Grand Final location debate). The MCG is shared by four teams as a home ground, while the other grounds used as home venues by multiple teams are Docklands Stadium in Melbourne (five teams), Adelaide Oval in Adelaide (two teams), and Perth Stadium in Perth (two teams). The AFL

This is a document about Melbourne Football Club
  The Melbourne Football Club, nicknamed the Demons, is a professional Australian rules football club playing in the Australian Football League (AFL). It is based in Melbourne, Victoria, and plays its home games at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG). Melbourne are the reigning premiers of the AFL. Melbourne is one of the world's oldest professional clubs of any football code. Its origins can be traced to an 1858 letter in which Tom Wills, captain of the Victoria cricket team, calls for the formation of a "foot-ball club" with its own "code of laws". An informal Melbourne team played that winter and officially formed in May 1859

This is a document about 2015 AFL finals series
  The matches of the 2015 AFL finals series were contested at three venues around the country. The Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG) hosted two elimination finals, hosted by Richmond and the Western Bulldogs, a semi final, hosted by Hawthorn, and the Grand Final. ANZ Stadium also hosted a semi final as part of a contract which requires any final hosted bythe Sydney Swans to be played there instead of their usual home ground, the SCG, until the end of 2016. Domain Stadium hosted four finals for the first time in history with both Fremantle and the West Coast Eagles hosting a qualifying final and preliminary final each.

This is a document about Richmond Football Club
  The club's home ground is the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG) where the team plays most of their home matches in the regular season. The MCG has a capacity of 100,024 and the club usually draws large attendances against Victorian clubs, particularly rivals such as Essendon, Collingwood, Carlton and Hawthorn. The club also plays home games against local and interstate clubs with smaller supporter bases in Melbourne at the smaller capacity Docklands Stadium. Richmond's training ground and base of operations is located at the Punt Road Oval, currently branded as the Swinburne Centre, located a few hundred metres from the MCG.

This is a document about Hawthorn Football Club
  On 13 March 2000, Hawthorn played its first home game as an MCG tenant against Collingwood, becoming one of four tenant clubs to play at the ground. Until 2008 the shift from to the MCG has been met with a barren period on the field for the Hawks, having played in five out of nine non-finals seasons at the ground. Since 2000, Hawthorn has played between seven and nine home games at the MCG, with secondary home games being played at Docklands Stadium and York Park in Tasmania. In 2008, Hawthorn played seven home games at the MCG, drawing 369,614 (52,802) to seven games and a total of 773,089 (59,468) to 13 games at the venue for the year.

This is a document about Melbourne Cricket Ground
  typically between 95,000 and 100,000, with the record of 100,022 in the 2018 grand final, followed by 100,021 at the 2017 AFL Grand Final. In the modern era, most finals games held in Melbourne have been played at the MCG. Under the current contract, 10 finals (excluding the grand final) must be played at the MCG over a five-year period. Under previous contracts, the MCG was entitled to host at least one match in each week of the finals, which on several occasions required non-Victorian clubs to play "home" finals in Victoria. The MCG is contracted to host the grand final every year until 2058. All Melbourne-based teams (and most of the time Geelong) play their "home" finals at the MCG unless if four Victorian teams win the right to host a final in the first week of the finals.

This is a document about AFL finals series
  With the exception of the AFL Grand Final (which is contracted to be staged at the Melbourne Cricket Ground), finals matches are played in the state of the home team, giving a home state advantage to the higher placed team. Venue contracts for finals matches are held by the AFL and are not related to the clubs' home venue contracts; consequently, the home team is not necessarily entitled to play at its usual home venue if the AFL's finals contracts are held with a different venue in its state. Under the current arrangement, all Victorian finals matches are scheduled at the MCG – except in cases when two finals are to be held in Victoria on the same day, in which

This is a document about 2018 AFL finals series
  The matches of the 2018 AFL finals series were contested at three venues around the country. The newly built Perth Stadium hosted its first finals, hosting West Coast's qualifying and preliminary finals. The MCG hosted Richmond's qualifying and preliminary finals, both semi finals (hosted by Hawthorn and Collingwood), as well as Melbourne's elimination final. The SCG hosted its first Sydney derby final.

This is a document about 2015 AFL Grand Final
  as is traditional. The MCG serves as Hawthorn's main home ground for the home and away season, and media commentators suggested that Hawthorn would have an advantage playing there over West Coast who had only played there once during the season compared to Hawthorn's 11 matches. It was the second time that the two sides had met in a Grand Final; the first was in 1991, a contest which Hawthorn won by a margin of 53 points. The 2015 AFL Grand Final was the last AFL match to utilise substitutions until the 2021 season; the AFL reverting to a four-man interchange bench from the 2016 AFL season onwards. The last AFL substitution occurred in the 27 minute mark of the match's 3rd quarter, with Matt Suckling replacing David Hale.

This is a document about 2014 AFL finals series
  The matches of the 2014 AFL finals series were contested at four venues. The Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG), the home ground of Hawthorn, hosted five of the series' nine matches, including the Grand Final. ANZ Stadium hosted both the first qualifying final and the first preliminary final of the series, which were both hosted by Sydney, who are contracted to play at ANZ for their finals games instead of their usual home ground, the Sydney Cricket Ground, until 2016. Adelaide Oval hosted the first elimination final between Port Adelaude and Richmond, its first VFL/AFL finals match. Patersons Stadium held one match during the finals series, playing host to Fremantle's semi final game against Port Adelaide.

This is a document about AFL Grand Final location debate
  Final, where the minor premiers Adelaide played Richmond on the latter's home ground, the MCG, Adelaide coach Don Pyke raised his concern with the AFL Coaches Association about the unfairness of the current arrangement. As of 2020, eight grand finals have been played between a higher ranked non-Victorian team and a lower ranked Victorian team in Victoria; the non-Victorian clubs have won three of those. The AFL acknowledged the home state imbalance in its 2018 contract renegotiation by including some balancing provisions: that interstate clubs be scheduled to play at least two home-and-away games at the venue annually, be granted training access to the ground during the year,

This is a document about Hawthorn Football Club
  the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG). The club shifted its training and administration facilities from Glenferrie to Waverley Park in 2006, which by that point was no longer hosting AFL matches, and continues to be based at the park, which is located in an area of the club's major supporter base in Melbourne's outer-eastern region. Since 2007 Hawthorn have played four games a year at their second home ground of York Park in Launceston, Tasmania, with the remaining home games usually played at the MCG. Hawthorn also field a women's team in the VFL Women's competition and is in a long-term alignment with the Box Hill Hawks Football Club in the Victorian Football League. Hawthorn also has a AFLW team that will play in the league's seventh season at the end of 2022.

This is a document about Melbourne Football Club
  Melbourne's home ground has been the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG) since 1889. From that time to 1980, the team was part of the Melbourne Cricket Club's sporting sections. The MCC operates and partially owns the MCG. The two clubs severed ties in 1980, though restored the relationship in 2009. The club trained on the MCG until 1985, at which point they shifted to the Junction Oval in St Kilda. In 2008, the Demon's moved their administrative and training facilities from the Junction Oval to Casey Fields for two years from 2008 until 2010. Currently, the Demons' football offices and indoor training facilities are based at AAMI Park, where they moved in 2010, and its administrative offices located within the MCG. The club trains on the adjacent Gosch's Paddock public

This is a document about AFL finals series
  the MCG every rolling five-year period. The AFL was forced to make some concessions to secure this renegotiation on finals matches, which included giving up the exclusivity it held over MCG access on weekends in winter, allowing the MCG new rights to schedule other major sporting events. Under the 1992–2004 contract, non-Victorian clubs were forced to play their home finals at the MCG on five occasions: 1993 (Preliminary Final, Adelaide vs Essendon), 1996 (First Semi-Final, West Coast vs Essendon), 1999 (First Semi-Final, West Coast vs Carlton), 2002 (Second Semi-Final, Adelaide vs Melbourne) and 2004 (Second Preliminary Final, Brisbane vs Geelong).

This is a document about Melbourne Cricket Ground
  Melbourne Football Club, Australia's oldest club, established in 1858 by the founder of the game itself, Thomas Wills. Melbourne won five premierships during the 1870s using the MCG as its home ground. The first of nearly 3000 Victorian Football League/Australian Football League games to be played at the MCG was on 15 May 1897, with beating  64 to 19. Several Australian Football League (AFL) clubs later joined Melbourne in using the MCG as their home ground for matches: (1965),  (1985),  (1992),  (started moving in 1994, became a full-time tenant in 2000) and  (2000). Melbourne used the venue as its training base until 1984, before being required to move to preserve the venue's surface when North Melbourne began playing there.

This is a document about AFL finals series
  Docklands Stadium or (in the event of being the home team) Kardinia Park may be used for the match expected to draw the lower crowd. The current contract requires that at least ten finals matches (plus all Grand Finals) be played at the MCG during every rolling five-year period. This stipulation could require the AFL to schedule a non-Victorian team's home match at the MCG to meet the quota, in the event that non-Victorian teams dominate the competition for an extended period. Based on the current contract between the AFL and the Victorian Government, the Grand Final will be played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground every year until at 2059, regardless of the state of origin of the teams involved.

This is a document about Sydney Swans
  Since the 2016 AFL season, the Swans have played all their home games at the Sydney Cricket Ground, a 48,000 capacity venue located in inner-east suburb of Moore Park. The venue has been home to Swans home games since the club's relocation to Sydney in 1982. In the years 2002–2015, the Swans played between three and four home matches per season and most home finals matches at Stadium Australia (commercially known as ANZ Stadium), an 80,000 capacity stadium located in the west of the city. During the first five years at the ground average crowds were high, but issues with the surface as well as fan and player disengagement resulted in the

This is a document about 2013 Melbourne Football Club season
  Victorian sides at the MCG, Melbourne faced a financially challenging fixture. At the same time Melbourne received a simple fixture when compared to other teams by playing fellow-cellar dwellers in 2012, and  twice and all 2012 finalists with the exception of  once. Melbourne hosted nine home games at the MCG, a sold home game against at TIO Stadium in Round 17 and a home game against  at Etihad Stadium in Round 18. Melbourne endured one of their worst seasons in the club's 155-year history and arguably their worst in the modern era. They finished with only 2 wins (their least since the 1981 season) and a percentage of 54.07% (their worst since the 1919 season). It was also the worst seasonal performance from an established club since the demise of Fitzroy in 1996.

This is a document about 2006 Collingwood Football Club season
  With the 2006 Commonwealth Games being hosted by Melbourne, Australia, The M.C.G. will be the main venue, dis-allowing games for AFL Football. Collingwood plays its first three games at the Telstra Dome, before being playing the traditional Anzac Day clash against Essendon in what will be the return to the MCG, as the Games will have been concluded. This is fixtured, however, the venue may not be ready for hosting an AFL match in time. Collingwood travels 4 times, twice to Adelaide, in a 3-week period late in the season. They also travel to Perth and Sydney during the season.

This is a document about 2009 St Kilda Football Club season
  at the SCG. Round 19 saw Hawthorn 7.7 (49) defeated by St Kilda 10.14 (74) at Aurora Stadium. Round 20 saw St Kildas first loss of the season proper kicking 16.12 (108) to Essendon 16.14 (110) at Etihad Stadium. Round 21 St Kilda 8.11 (59) lost to North Melbourne 10.4 (64) at Etihad Stadium. St Kilda played its first game at the MCG in Round 22 and defeated Melbourne 10.7 (67) to St Kilda 17.12 (114). St Kilda qualified for the 2009 finals series in first position, winning the clubs third minor premiership with 20 wins and 2 losses, one of the most dominant home and away seasons ever in AFL history.

The Melbourne Football Club's home ground is the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG).