Question: where was the movie season of the witch filmed at

Answer: Austria

This is a document about The Good Witch
  Although set in Middleton, USA, it was filmed in Hamilton, Cambridge and Niagara-on-the-Lake, in Ontario, Canada. In the sequel, The Good Witch's Charm, the map on the wall in the police station shows Middleton located southwest of Chicago, in the vicinity of DuPage County. The names of the suburbs and interstates that are west of Chicago can be clearly seen.

This is a document about Season of the Witch (2011 film)
  Screenwriter Bragi F. Schut wrote Season of the Witch as a spec script that was placed on the open market in 2000. Numerous studios bid on the script, and producers Charles Roven and Alex Gartner collaborated with the studio MGM to place a winning bid. MGM could not find traction to produce the film, and in 2003–2004 the studio "was essentially obtained by a number of concerns". Columbia Pictures earmarked several properties for themselves, including Season of the Witch. The producers worked with director Dominic Sena to perform location shooting throughout Europe. They sought a 14th-century castle to use as a setting for the story; castles visited in Germany, Poland and

This is a document about Hocus Pocus (1993 film)
  Principal photography began on October 12, 1992. The film is set in Salem, Massachusetts, but most of it was shot on sound stages in Burbank, California. However, its daytime scenes were filmed in Salem and Marblehead, Massachusetts during two weeks of filming with principal cast. Production was completed on February 10, 1993. Pioneer Village, a recreation of early-colonial Salem, was used for the opening scenes set in 1693. Other locations included Old Burial Hill in Marblehead, where Max is accosted by Ice and Jay, the Old Town Hall in Salem, where the town Halloween party takes place, and Phillips Elementary School, where the witches are trapped in a kiln. The exterior for Max and Dani's house is a private residence on Ocean Avenue in Salem.

This is a document about They Live Inside Us
  After the physical release and VOD/online/Physical success of The Witching Season, series creator Michael Ballif decided to adapt the "They Live Inside Us" short-film into a feature-length film. Pre-production lasted well over a year, but after a successful crowdfund in the fall of 2017, the team finalized the cast/crew and prepared to start shooting on a small budget. Production officially began in July 2018 and wrapped in July 2019. The film was shot entirely on location throughout northern Utah, primarily in historic Nephi, Utah, which is where the film's main location, the Edwin Robert Booth House is located. Several sequences were also shot during the City of Fun Carnival, which was featured in the film The Sandlot. On October 30, 2018, during principal photography, Witching Season Films was announced that they were "hoping to have the film ready to release by Halloween 2019."

This is a document about Stardust (2007 film)
  Airfield in Oxfordshire. Another film location was on Elm Hill in Norwich. The area, with a mixture of Tudor and medieval buildings dating as far back as the 11th century, was transformed into the streets of Stormhold. The Briton's Arms tea house became the Slaughtered Prince public house. The owners were so enthralled with the new look, including a spectacular mural and new thatching, that they appealed to the local council and English Heritage to keep it, but their request was refused. Filming also took place in Wales, at the Brecon Beacons National Park. The design of the witches' lair was inspired by the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles in France, but with black instead of white and silver instead of gold. Filming was finished by 13 July 2006.

This is a document about Season of the Witch (2011 film)
  Season of the Witch is a 2011 American supernatural action-adventure film starring Nicolas Cage and Ron Perlman, and directed by Dominic Sena. Cage and Perlman star as Teutonic Knights who return from the Crusades to find their homeland ruined by the Black Death. Two church elders accuse a girl (Claire Foy) of being a witch responsible for the destruction; they command the two knights to transport the girl to a monastery so the monks can lift her curse from the land. It reunited Sena and Cage, who had previously worked together on Gone in 60 Seconds. Development on the film began in 2000 when the spec script by screenwriter Bragi F. Schut was purchased by MGM. The project moved from MGM to Columbia Pictures to Relativity Media, where the film was finally produced by Charles Roven and Alex Gartner. Filming took place primarily in Austria, Hungary, and Croatia. Season of the Witch was released on January 7, 2011, in the United States, Canada, and several other territories.

This is a document about The Witches of Eastwick (film)
  The Witches of Eastwick was originally set to be filmed in Little Compton, Rhode Island but controversy erupted in Little Compton over whether or not its Congregational church should be involved with the film's production. Warner Bros. instead turned to locations in Massachusetts. Principal photography began on July 14, 1986, and took place over the course of six weeks in Cohasset and nearby Massachusetts towns, such as Marblehead and Scituate. Castle Hill in Ipswich, Massachusetts, was used for the exterior of the Lenox Mansion, while the lobby of the Wang Center in Boston stood in for the main hall. Other interiors were filmed at the Greystone Mansion in Beverly Hills, though the swimming pool and Daryl's library were sets built on the Warner Bros. backlot. Prior to filming, a small carving shop led by woodcarver Paul McCarthy was commissioned to hand-carve all the wooden signs for the businesses shown in the movie, including the newspaper where Michelle Pfeiffer's character worked – The Eastwick Word.

This is a document about Witches of East End (TV series)
  Filming the pilot episode began on October 16, 2012, in the port town of Wilmington, North Carolina, where several scenes were shot. On October 29, 2012, the crew moved for a week to Macon, Georgia, where they filmed the wedding scenes for the pilot at the historical Hay House. When the network Lifetime announced Witches of East End was going to be a series, it was also revealed that filming for the rest of the series would happen in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, instead of continuing to be filmed in Wilmington. Maggie Friedman announced on Twitter on June 10 that she was scouting locations for the series, trying to "find Fair Haven".

This is a document about The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
  white for those of the White Witch. The cast and crew spent their time in New Zealand in Auckland before moving in November to the South Island. Shooting locations in the South Island included Flock Hill in Canterbury, the area known as Elephant Rocks near Duntroon in North Otago, which was transformed into Aslan's camp. The castle scene was filmed in Purakaunui Bay, in the Catlins district, not far from the most southern point in New Zealand. They filmed in the Czech Republic (Prague and National Park České Švýcarsko), Slovenia and Poland after the Christmas break, before wrapping in February.

This is a document about Halloween (franchise)
  project only if it was not a direct sequel to Halloween II, which meant no Michael Myers. Most of the filming for Halloween III: Season of the Witch took place on location in the small coastal town of Loleta in Humboldt County, California. Familiar Foods, a milk bottling plant in Loleta, served as the Silver Shamrock Novelties factory, but all special effects involving fire, smoke, and explosions were filmed at Post Studios. After Halloween III was released, Michael Myers was brought back with 1988's Halloween 4: The Return of Michael Myers, where he has stayed for the remainder of

This is a document about The Amityville Horror (2005 film)
  Although the film is set on Long Island, it was shot in Chicago, Antioch, Buffalo Grove, and Fox Lake, Illinois, and in Salem and Silver Lake, Wisconsin. The house used is a real 1800s home that was temporarily converted to add the famous quarter moon "eye" windows. The house is in Salem at 27618 Silver Lake Road. The movie facade cost $60,000. After production the movie facade remained on the house for a while and was eventually carefully removed. The famous quarter moon "evil eye" windows were preserved in sections of the walls which still have the movie bedroom wallpaper

This is a document about The Witch (1916 film)
  The director promised to pay each of them "a sandwich at noon and a dollar at night" ($1 then now worth $) for a day's work at Fox's studio in Fort Lee, New Jersey. In early August 1915, Motion Picture News reported that New Jersey police had detained and questioned "three hundred or more extras" for The Witch as they disembarked from a New York ferry at Fort Lee to proceed to the studio. The officers, according to the weekly journal, mistook the "mob" to be part of the thousands of employees who that summer were waging a violent strike against a Standard Oil Company plant in Bayonne. After causing a near "riot" for delaying the extras, the police finally allowed them to continue to Fox to earn their sandwiches and dollars.

This is a document about The Worst Witch (2017 TV series)
  The Worst Witch was filmed at Peckforton Castle, Peckforton Cheshire, England and Burg Hohenzollern, Swabian Alps, Germany. The second series is also filmed at Adlington Hall, Adlington, Cheshire, using their grand hall, minstrel's gallery and their countryside and woods backdrop. Bella Ramsey described filming as being "really good", but said there were some challenging elements and described learning the stunts as "hard". Megan Hughes' mother, Claire, stated that Hughes had an "amazing time" and was "really happy, really positive" throughout filming.

This is a document about Bell Witch: The Movie
  Bell Witch: The Movie was shot in Townsend, Tennessee in September, 2002. The film was shot and mastered in high definition and its release was delayed until the technology was more widely available.

This is a document about Harry Oliver
  Witch House (1921), "perhaps the ultimate example of Storybook Style", with no two windows or angles alike, was originally built on the set of the Irvin Willat Film Studio in Culver City, then moved to Beverly Hills in 1934 and converted to a private residence. Another of Oliver's designs was the original Van de Kamp Bakery windmill, the corporate symbol of that firm. It was built at the Willat Studio film lot around 1921, then moved about 200 ft south of Beverly Drive on Western Blvd. The design was reproduced in the widely-spread bakery cottages around Southern California. Very few of

This is a document about The Witchfinders
  Exterior scenes for "The Witchfinders" were filmed around Wales, and within Gosport, England, at the 17th century living museum of Little Woodham. Filming for the episode took place during February 2018. In a 2021 interview, Wilkinson revealed the story had changed several times during development, beginning more centered around the actual Pendle Witches, with King James being a later addition. The script had the working title of Daemonologie.

This is a document about Dig Two Graves
  Production took place over a total of five weeks: four weeks in January and one week in the summer. During filming, the cast endured one of Southern Illinois’ worst winters in recorded history. However, producer P.J. Fishwick and associate producer Jon Parker, along with Adams, agreed that the area gave the film the visual look needed to maintain authenticity under a low-budget. Northern Illinois was the crew's first location choice, but location pictures provided by the Illinois Film Office convinced them that Southern Illinois and the area of “Little Egypt” provided the film's grim supernatural element.

This is a document about Loleta, California
  Loleta and Eureka were locations for filming the 1982 horror movie, Halloween III: Season of the Witch; scenes inside "the Silver Shamrock Novelties factory" were filmed in a former milk bottling plant for Familiar Foods on Loleta Drive at Railroad Avenue. "Drive," Season 6, Episode 2 of the hit show The X-files, features Loleta momentarily near the end of the episode.

This is a document about Keoma (film)
  Witch". In a 2012 interview, Nero explained that he lifted a line from a book called The Cowboy and the Cossack, by Nero's friend Claire Huffaker, for the scene with the Witch. The film was shot over a period of eight weeks, with most principal photography being done at the Elios Studios in Rome, where Corbucci had previously filmed Django. The studio's set was in dire need of repair, which made it easier for Castellari to film as they did not have to redress the sets. The film was also shot on location at Lago di Camposecco. According to Nero, the music by Guido & Maurizio De Angelis was inspired by Leonard Cohen.

This is a document about Witchboard
  Principal photography took place under the name Ouija in 1985, at the Higgins-Verbeck-Hirsch Mansion in Windsor Square, Los Angeles, and Big Bear Valley in San Bernardino, California. When the filmmakers had discovered that Parker Brothers did not own the title, their attorney told them that they could not use the title Ouija, say the word "Ouija", or use a Parker Brothers board in the film. The errors and omissions carrier did not approve of the filmmakers having already shot with the board, and they had to put up a $50 thousand bond to prevent any potential litigation. Though there was no lawsuit, Josten stated that this should have been cleared before

The movie "Season of the Witch" was filmed in various locations in the United States, including Salem, Massachusetts, and in Burbank, California. Some scenes were also filmed in the United Kingdom, specifically in the historic city of St. Albans and on the grounds of the National Trust's Waddesdon Manor.


Question: what was the name given to those who supported independence

Answer: Patriots

This is a document about Patriot (American Revolution)
  Prior to the Revolution, colonists who supported British authority called themselves Tories or royalists, identifying with the political philosophy of traditionalist conservatism dominant in Great Britain. During the Revolution, these persons became known primarily as Loyalists. Afterward, some 15% of Loyalists emigrated north to the remaining British territories in Canada. There they called themselves the United Empire Loyalists. 85% of the Loyalists decided to stay in the new United States and were granted American citizenship.

This is a document about Loyalists fighting in the American Revolution
  Colonists who supported the British cause in the American Revolution were Loyalists, often called Tories, or, occasionally, Royalists or King's Men. George Washington's winning side in the war called themselves "Patriots", and in this article Americans on the revolutionary side are called Patriots. For a detailed analysis of the psychology and social origins of the Loyalists, see Loyalist (American Revolution). This article is an overview of some of the prominent Loyalist military units of the Revolution, and of the fighting they did for the British Crown.

This is a document about Royalist (Spanish American independence)
  case included representatives from the Americas. The Regency and Cortes began issuing orders to, and appointing, royal officials throughout the empire. Those who supported the new government came to be called "royalists." Those that supported the idea of maintaining independent juntas called themselves "patriots," and a few among them were proponents of declaring full, formal independence from Spain. As the Cortes instituted liberal reforms and worked on drafting a constitution, a new division appeared among royalists. Conservatives (often called "absolutists" in the historiography) did not want to see any innovations in government, while liberals supported them. These differences would become more acute after the restoration of Ferdinand VII, because the king opted to support the conservative position.

This is a document about Williamite
   A Williamite was a follower of King William III of England (r. 1689–1702) who deposed King James II and VII in the Glorious Revolution. William, the Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic, replaced James with the support of English Whigs. One of William's aims was to ensure England's entry into his League of Augsburg against France in the Nine Years' War. For Williamites in England, Scotland and Ireland, William was seen as the guarantor of civil and religious liberty and the Protestant monarchy against Catholic absolutism. The term "Williamite" is also commonly used to refer to William's multi-national army in Ireland during

This is a document about American Revolution
  Those who fought for independence were called "Revolutionaries" "Continentals", "Rebels", "Patriots", "Whigs", "Congress-men", or "Americans" during and after the war. They included a full range of social and economic classes but were unanimous regarding the need to defend the rights of Americans and uphold the principles of republicanism in rejecting monarchy and aristocracy, while emphasizing civic virtue by citizens. The signers of the Declaration of Independence were mostly - with definite exceptions - well-educated, of British stock, and of the Protestant faith. Newspapers were strongholds of patriotism (although there were a few Loyalist papers) and printed many pamphlets, announcements, patriotic letters, and pronouncements. According to historian Robert Calhoon, 40– to 45-percent of the white population in the Thirteen Colonies supported

This is a document about 2006 Washington Initiative 937
  Supporters included the following:

This is a document about United States Declaration of Independence
  for reconciliation, but developments in early 1776 further strengthened public support for independence. In February 1776, colonists learned of Parliament's passage of the Prohibitory Act, which established a blockade of American ports and declared American ships to be enemy vessels. John Adams, a strong supporter of independence, believed that Parliament had effectively declared American independence before Congress had been able to. Adams labeled the Prohibitory Act the "Act of Independency", calling it "a compleat Dismemberment of the British Empire". Support for declaring independence grew even more when it was confirmed that King George had hired German mercenaries to use against his American subjects. Despite this growing popular support for independence, Congress lacked the clear authority to declare it. Delegates had been elected to Congress by 13 different governments, which

This is a document about Rapparee
  In the 1690s, during the Glorious Revolution, the label "tory" was insultingly given to the English supporters of James II, to associate them with the Irish rebels and bandits of a generation earlier. In Ireland, Irish Catholics supported James – becoming known as Jacobites. Under Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell, each locality had to raise a regiment to support the Jacobite cause. Most did so, but James and his French backers did not have the resources to arm and pay them all, so many of them were disbanded. It was from these bands that most of the Rapparees were organised. They armed themselves with whatever they could find or take from Protestant civilians, including muskets, long knives (sceana or "skiens") and half-pikes. The rapparees got their name from this last weapon – a pike about 6 feet (2 m) long, cut down from the

This is a document about Loyalist (American Revolution)
  Loyalists were American colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolutionary War, often referred to as Tories, Royalists or King's Men at the time. They were opposed by the Patriots, who supported the revolution, and called them "persons inimical to the liberties of America." Prominent Loyalists repeatedly assured the British government that many thousands of them would spring to arms and fight for the crown. The British government acted in expectation of that, especially in the southern campaigns in 1780–81. In practice, the number of Loyalists in military service was far lower than expected since Britain could not effectively protect them except in those areas where Britain had military control. The British were often suspicious of

This is a document about Anti-independence
  The terms 'anti-independence' and 'loyalist' are generally synonymous, the second term being used mostly in New Caledonia. Separatist movements generally describe their opponents as neo-colonialists. In the provinces of federal states with secessionist movements, such as Quebec in Canada, anti-independentists are called 'federalists' in the sense that they defend the maintenance of the federal constitution. In a unitary state, anti-independence movements can be distinguished between centralists (also called Jacobins in France or Unionists in United Kingdom), the 'departmental' movement (especially present in the French overseas collectivity of Mayotte, aiming to make this territory a department and thus lose some of its autonomy) or autonomists. Anti-independence can thus include various political ideologies and can be seen as a form of nationalism defending the territorial integrity of an already existing state. Being in favor of independence may also be motivated by nationalism due to cultural or ethnic differences with the already existing state, though.

This is a document about Tory
  The term "Loyalist" was used in the American Revolution for those who remained loyal to the British Crown. About 80% of the Loyalists remained in the United States after the war. The 60,000 or so Loyalists who settled in Nova Scotia, Quebec, the Bahamas, or returned to Great Britain after the American War of Independence are known as United Empire Loyalists. On February 12, 1798, Thomas Jefferson (of the Democratic-Republican Party) described the conservative Federalist Party as "[a] political Sect [...] believing that the executive is the branch of our government which the most needs support, [who] are called federalists, sometimes aristocrats or monocrats, and sometimes Tories, after the corresponding sect in the English Government of exactly

This is a document about Loyalism
  The term loyalist was first used in Irish politics in the 1790s to refer to Protestant Irishmen (often of English or Scottish ancestry) who opposed Catholic Emancipation and Irish independence from the British Empire. Prominent Irish loyalists included John Foster, John Fitzgibbon and John Beresford. In the subsequent Irish Rebellion of 1798, the term ultra loyalist was used to describe those who were opposed to the United Irishmen, who were in support of an independent Irish Republic. In 1795, Ulster loyalists founded the Orange Order and organised the Yeoman Militia, which helped to put down the rebellion. Some loyalists, such as Richard Musgrave, considered the rebellion a Catholic plot to drive Protestant colonists out of Ireland.

This is a document about Whigs (British political party)
  The association of Toryism with Lord North's government was also influential in the American colonies and writings of British political commentators known as the Radical Whigs did much to stimulate colonial republican sentiment. Early activists in the colonies called themselves Whigs, seeing themselves as in alliance with the political opposition in Britain, until they turned to independence and started emphasising the label Patriots. In contrast, the American Loyalists, who supported the monarchy, were consistently also referred to as Tories. Later, the United States Whig Party was founded in 1833 and focused on opposition to a strong presidency just as the British Whigs had opposed a strong monarchy. The True Whig Party, which for a century dominated Liberia, was named for the American party rather than directly for the British one.

This is a document about American Revolution
  The consensus of scholars is that about 15– to 20-percent of the white population remained loyal to the British Crown. Those who actively supported the king were known at the time as "Loyalists", "Tories", or "King's men". The Loyalists never controlled territory unless the British Army occupied it. They were typically older, less willing to break with old loyalties, and often connected to the Church of England; they included many established merchants with strong business connections throughout the Empire, as well as royal officials such as Thomas Hutchinson of Boston. There were 500 to 1,000 Black Loyalists, enslaved African-Americans who escaped to British lines and supported Britain's cause via several means. Many of them succumbed to various diseases, but the survivors were evacuated by the British to their remaining colonies in North America. The revolution could divide families, such as William Franklin, son of Benjamin

This is a document about List of Loyalists (American Revolution)
  Loyalists were American colonists who stayed loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolutionary War, often called Tories, Royalists, or King's Men at the time.

This is a document about John Floyd (Georgia politician)
  men who favored independence raised a volunteer militia, the St. Helena Guards, whose hats bore a silver crescent with their motto, "Liberty or Death". In 1781, Charles Floyd, along with several others, all members of a war party called the "Bloody Legion," avenged the death of Revolutionary War hero, Charles Davant, by a Tory. Charles Davant had married Elizabeth Fendin (Bland) who was sister to Mary Fendin, so he was Charles Floyd's brother-in-law. Captain Floyd distinguished himself in forays against the British and their colonial policies. In reprisal, Tories plundered and burned the Floyd family home, but teenaged John Floyd survived, as

This is a document about Tories (British political party)
  succession to thrones of Scotland and England and Ireland (the Petitioners), the Tories were those who opposed the Exclusion Bill (the Abhorrers). In 1757, David Hume wrote: "The court party reproached their antagonists with their affinity to the fanatical conventiclers in Scotland, who were known by the name of Whigs: The country party found a resemblance between the courtiers and the popish banditti in Ireland, to whom the appellation of Tory was affixed. And after this manner, these foolish terms of reproach came into public and general use; and even at present seem not nearer their end than when they were first invented."

This is a document about Tory
  Irish word tóraidhe, modern Irish tóraí, meaning "outlaw", "robber", from the Irish word tóir, meaning "pursuit" since outlaws were "pursued men") that entered English politics during the Exclusion Bill crisis of 1678–1681. It also has exponents in other parts of the former British Empire, such as the Loyalists of British America, who opposed American secession during the American War of Independence. The loyalists that fled to the Canadas at the end of the American Revolution, the United Empire Loyalists, formed the support base for political cliques in Upper and Lower Canada. Toryism remains prominent in Canada and the United Kingdom. The British Conservative Party and Conservative Party of Canada, and their members, continue to be referred to as Tories. Adherents to traditional Toryism in contemporary times are referred to as High Tories.

This is a document about Patriot (American Revolution)
  The critics of British policy towards the colonies called themselves "Whigs" after 1768, identifying with members of the British Whig party who favored similar colonial policies. Samuel Johnson writes that at the time, the word "patriot" had a negative connotation and was used as a negative epithet for "a factious disturber of the government".

This is a document about Agitators
  Agitators, or adjutators, was the name given to representatives elected in 1647 by the different regiments of the English Parliamentary army. The word really means an agent, but it was confused with "adjutant," often called "agitant," a title familiar to the soldiers, and thus the form "adjutator" came into use. Early in 1647 the Long Parliament wished either to disband many of the regiments or to send them to Ireland. The soldiers, whose pay was largely in arrears, refused to accept either alternative, and eight of the cavalry regiments elected agitators, called at first commissioners, who laid their grievances before the three generals, and whose letter was read in the House of Commons on the 30

The name given to those who supported independence during the American Revolution were "Patriots" or "Revolutionaries."


Question: where is the show pardon the interruption filmed

Answer: Washington , D.C.

This is a document about Around the Horn
  United States, from the westernmost on the left to the easternmost on the right. On September 27, 2010, Around the Horn and Pardon the Interruption began broadcasting in high definition and moved from the Atlantic Video complex to facilities in the ABC News Washington bureau, where high definition sets were built for both shows. Each panelist appears either in the offices of their newspaper, in front of a screen representing the city in which they are located, or in another studio. Dallas, Denver, and Los Angeles (when Bill Plaschke is appearing) still use their newspaper offices as studio space while Washington, Miami, Chicago, and Boston each have their own screens. (Los Angeles employs this as well when J.A. Adande is a panelist.)

This is a document about All-New Halloween Spooktacular!
  Soundstage filming occurred at Pinewood Atlanta Studios in Atlanta, Georgia, with Shakman directing, and Hall serving as cinematographer. Filming also took place in the Atlanta metropolitan area, with backlot and outdoor filming occurring in Los Angeles when the series resumed production after being on hiatus due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The sitcom elements of the episode were shot as a single-camera comedy, and were the first of the series to feature characters breaking the fourth wall.

This is a document about Frasier
  The cast had an unusual amount of freedom to suggest changes to the script. Grammer used an acting method he called "requisite disrespect" and did not rehearse with the others, instead learning and rehearsing his lines once just before filming each scene in front of a live studio audience. Although effective, the system often caused panic among guest stars. In 1996, Grammer's recurrent alcoholism led to a car accident. The cast and crew performed an intervention that persuaded him to enter the Betty Ford Center, delaying production for a month. Only one episode, "The 1000th Show", was filmed in Seattle. As with Cheers, most episodes were filmed on Stage 25, Paramount Studios, or at various locations in and around Los Angeles.

This is a document about Arrested Development
  Arrested Development is an American television sitcom created by Mitchell Hurwitz, which originally aired on Fox for three seasons from 2003 to 2006, followed by a two-season revival on Netflix from 2013 to 2019. The show follows the Bluths, a formerly wealthy dysfunctional family. It is presented in a serialized format, incorporating handheld camera work, voice-over narration, archival photos, and historical footage. The show maintains numerous running gags and catchphrases. Ron Howard serves as both an executive producer and the omniscient narrator and, in later seasons, appears in the show portraying a fictionalized version of himself. Set in Newport Beach, California, Arrested Development was filmed primarily in Culver City and Marina del Rey. The series received critical

This is a document about Square Pegs
  they were already 40. I don’t think there was a virgin on the set, except maybe a couple of the guys". Most of the show's scenes were filmed at the abandoned Excelsior High School in the suburb of Norwalk, California. Because Norwalk was twenty miles from Norman Lear's studio and CBS Television in Los Angeles, it was hard to know what was happening during filming. Embassy Television received numerous reports of drug and alcohol abuse in the presence of minors, which caused Embassy president Michael Grade to ask for an investigation and led him to pull the plug on the show shortly after the first season finished production.

This is a document about We Interrupt This Program
  August 2019. The episode is the first to depict the events of the series from the real world of the MCU rather than from inside Maximoff's sitcom reality. It opens with Monica Rambeau (Parris) returning from the Blip, which is depicted in a darker way than the comedic version of the event previously seen in the MCU. Filming took place in the Atlanta metropolitan area, including at Pinewood Atlanta Studios, and in Los Angeles. "We Interrupt This Program" was released on Disney+ on January 29, 2021. Critics praised the episode for answering some of the series' mysteries, and also highlighted the episode's opening scene as well as the performances of Parris, Park, and Dennings.

This is a document about Veep
  The pilot episode was filmed in February 2011 in Maryland, and filming for the series began in October 2011 in Baltimore, after several months of rehearsal designed to get the actors comfortable improvising with one another. For its first season, Veep reportedly hired 978 local Maryland residents, generating $40 million for the state, according to the Maryland Film Office. Season 2 production began shooting in November 2012, continuing to film in Baltimore and other areas of Maryland. Veep primarily filmed on a sound stage constructed from a Columbia, Maryland industrial warehouse, where replicas of places such as the Eisenhower Executive Office Building and West Wing were also built. The show continued filming in Maryland for its third and fourth seasons, as a bill was approved by state lawmakers in April 2013 that increased tax credits for film and TV productions in the state. Later filming locations included Annapolis

This is a document about Swift Justice with Jackie Glass
  the show used a more modern setting, including an open lectern where Grace stood rather than sat, a large projection display in the studio, and a set mainly fitted with brightly colored backgrounds, with no bar separating the audience gallery (who sat in the round along the edges of the set) from the litigants. In the first season, the program was shot at the studios of Georgia Public Broadcasting in Atlanta to accommodate Grace wanting to stay in the Atlanta area, and CBS received subsidies from the Georgia Film, Music & Digital Entertainment Office to do so; both GPB and the Georgia Film Office received end credits for their

This is a document about Property Brothers
  and incidents may be reconstructed due to disruptions on set (e.g. a plane flying overhead), to highlight how protracted problems were resolved, or because the cameras did not capture the real-time shot. The show started out in Toronto. Season 3 (4) of the show was filmed in Austin, Texas for seven episodes, and in Canada for the rest. Part of the reason for the move was the fact that American audiences couldn't relate to the higher market prices in Canada. The brothers returned to their hometown of Vancouver, British Columbia, to film in 2013. In 2014, the show filmed several episodes in Atlanta and Toronto. Between 2015 and 2016 they filmed in

This is a document about We Interrupt This Program
  Soundstage filming occurred at Pinewood Atlanta Studios in Atlanta, Georgia, with Shakman directing, and Jess Hall serving as cinematographer. Filming also took place in the Atlanta metropolitan area, with backlot and outdoor filming occurring in Los Angeles when the series resumed production after being on hiatus due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The episode's opening sequence features a choreographed one-er that follows Rambeau through the hospital as people return from the Blip, using a handheld camera and natural lighting from the hospital environment. Hall noted that they had been unable to use any of those elements in the previous episodes due to the "vocabulary" of their sitcom settings. Dennings found it difficult to act against

This is a document about Around the Horn
  The original set was in the same Atlantic Video complex as the set for Pardon the Interruption. It featured the host's desk with the point triggers and mute buttons. The judge of the show scores four panelists, that are shown on four different screens. Behind the host's desk was a map of the contiguous United States of America with the cities the sportswriters on the show appeared from. The map, divided into time zones, displayed the names of five newspapers representing each time zone. The Los Angeles Times represented the Pacific Time Zone, the Denver Post the Mountain Time Zone, the Dallas Morning News and Chicago Sun-Times both represented the Central Time Zone, and the Boston Globe represented the Eastern Time Zone. This

This is a document about The Newsroom (American TV series)
  The Newsrooms set is located in Sunset Gower Studios, Hollywood, on Stage 7. The fictional Atlantis World Media building, however, is actually the Bank of America Tower on Sixth Avenue and 42nd Street in Manhattan (directly across the street from HBO's New York City offices), with CGI being used to change the name of the building above the entrance. Production began in the fall of 2011. The schedule called for each episode—comprising a dialogue-dense script of 80 to 90 pages – to be filmed in nine days, as opposed to six to seven pages per day for broadcast network TV series. The pilot episode was shot using 16 mm film while the rest of the series was shot digitally on Arri Alexa cameras.

This is a document about Crashing (American TV series)
  off the impression that Pete is bombing on stage. The first and second episodes feature scenes shot in Lange's real-life apartment in Hoboken, New Jersey. The sixth episode involves Holmes as a guest on Lange's podcast titled The Artie Quitter Podcast, recorded in his kitchen. Holmes was a guest on Lange's podcast in November 2015. On June 13, Lange detailed in a tweet that the first week of shooting had taken place. On June 19, he issued another tweet revealing the second episode had been shot, and noted filming for the first season was due to finish a week later. "The Baptism", the finale of the first season, contains scenes filmed at the Sands Point Preserve in Sands Point, New York on Long Island, on June 27.

This is a document about Reno 911!
  The establishing shots for the show were filmed in Reno, and everything else was filmed in Los Angeles and Carson, California, with some parts filmed in Oregon. Starting from the fifth season onward, certain segments are also filmed in the small town of Piru, California. The exterior and interior shots of the Reno Sheriff's Department station were filmed on location at the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department substation in Carson. Many of the main scenes of the show were shot over the course of many hours, such as the briefing room scenes. According to the DVD commentary for season three, all morning briefing

This is a document about Breaking the Fourth Wall (WandaVision)
  Soundstage filming occurred at Pinewood Atlanta Studios in Atlanta, Georgia, with Shakman directing, and Hall serving as cinematographer. Filming also took place in the Atlanta metropolitan area, with backlot and outdoor filming occurring in Los Angeles when the series resumed production after being on hiatus due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Hall began using LED lighting with the episode since the episode's sitcom era was when that equipment began to be used. The episode was filmed to emulate the "talk-to-the-camera, shaky-camera, documentary style" of modern mockumentary-style sitcoms. The moments featured in the Agatha All Along montage, which take place at the same time as scenes from past episodes, were filmed at the same time as those episodes so the crew could utilize the sets for their time periods. Hall said there was a "shift" required to film these moments at those times, since they were often single shots using a different type of camera setup or move, such as a crane, from the rest of those episodes. He added that the sequence is more cinematic than the rest of this episode's style.

This is a document about Fantasy Island
  The series was filmed primarily in Burbank, California, with the opening scenes of the enchanting island coastline being that of Kauai, Hawaii (both the Na Pali coast as well as Wailua Falls). The house with the bell tower, where Tattoo rings the bell, is the Queen Anne Cottage, located in the Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden in Arcadia. The plane, "arriving" with the guests, was filmed in the lagoon behind the Queen Anne Cottage. Sometimes, outdoor scenes were filmed at the Arboretum. Interior sets were filmed on Stages 26 and 17 at Warner Bros. Studios in Burbank, California. At some point, the production of exterior scenes moved to the Warner Ranch a short distance away from Warner's main lot.

This is a document about The Chinese Restaurant
  them to produce "The Chinese Restaurant" without any significant alterations, although they strongly advised them not go through with it, and postponed the broadcast until near the end of the season. In 2015, Seinfeld writer Spike Feresten revealed that the host's calling "Cartwright" instead of "Costanza" was a subtle allusion to the classic western show Bonanza. "Bonanza" rhymes with "Costanza" and the show's main characters are the "Cartwright" family. "The Chinese Restaurant" was first read by its cast on December 5, 1990, and it was filmed on December 11. Filming took place at CBS Studio Center in Studio City, Los Angeles, California, where all filming for

This is a document about Pilot (Bones)
  Despite the fact that the series is set in Washington, D.C., filming of the pilot and subsequent episodes primarily took place in Los Angeles, California. Footage of Washington, D.C. was shot by the second unit with body doubles. The first scene featuring the characters Angela Montenegro and Dr. Temperance Brennan inside Washington Dulles International Airport was actually shot at Los Angeles Convention Center, while the opening shot of a plane landing was taken from footage filmed at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport. Series creator and writer Hart Hanson describes the murder victim at the center of the episode as a "Chandra-Levy-type congressional intern". The story alludes to the power of politicians and allowed Hanson to establish the character of Dr. Temperance Brennan, who is driven to find the truth despite the barriers presented by politics.

This is a document about You Drive
  External shots (involving the car) of Pope's home and the park were filmed in a Culver City, California, neighborhood. The house that served as Pope's home still stands at 4183 Keystone Avenue (the address appears on an exterior shot in the episode) and the nearby park where the accident took place is the Dr. Paul Carlson Memorial Park. It is located a few blocks from the Sony Pictures (formerly MGM) lot. The scenes where Pope is chased by his car were filmed on Jasmine Avenue. The home at 4262 (as shown in the episode) has since been replaced. However, the adjoining yard that he runs through (and house) are still there and readily identifiable. Edward Andrews refused to appear in the scene where Oliver Pope is almost run over by his car. His stand-in was actually "pinned" underneath the front tire. When Mrs. Pope calls the tow truck operator from a phone booth, she says her car is at the intersection of 3rd and Park. When Mr. Pope hears the late news report from his car radio, the newscaster says the accident took place at 3rd and Elm.

This is a document about There Goes a...
  The majority of the episodes were filmed on location in southern California at locations such as Union Station, Ontario International Airport, the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, Six Flags Magic Mountain, the Metro Headquarters Building, the Getty Museum and Camp Pendleton. They were occasionally filmed at places like the Kennedy Space Center, the Pacific Southwest Railway Museum and the USS Kitty Hawk.

The show "Pardon the Interruption" is filmed in the ABC News Washington bureau.


Question: who was the old woman in phantom of the opera

Answer: Madame Giry

This is a document about The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)
 The Phantom: Martin Smith, Peter Karrie, Dave Willetts, John Owen-Jones, Ramin Karimloo, Peter Jöback, Simon Bowman, Earl Carpenter, Marcus Lovett, Peter Cousens, Peter Polycarpou, Ben Forster, Ben Lewis, Tim Howar, David Thaxton, Killian Donnelly ; Christine Daaé: Claire Moore, Rebecca Caine, Meredith Braun, Celia Graham, Myrra Malmberg, Gina Beck, Rachel Barrell, Sofia Escobar, Leila Benn Harris, Robyn North, Katie Hall, Anna O'Byrne, Celinde Schoenmaker ; Raoul, Vicomte de Chagny: Michael Ball, John Barrowman, Simon Bowman, Simon Burke, Clive Carter, Killian Donnelly, Ramin Karimloo, Robert Meadmore, Oliver Thornton, Sean Palmer, Garðar Thór Cortes, Michael Xavier, Lee Mead (u/s), Antony Hansen (u/s) ; Carlotta Giuducelli: Morag McLaren, Julia Goss, Margaret Preece, Shân Cothi ; Monsieur Richard Firmin: Andy Hockley ; Monsieur Gilles Andre: Martin Ball ; Madame Giry: Liz Robertson

This is a document about The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)
 The Phantom: Timothy Nolen, Steve Barton, Mark Jacoby, Marcus Lovett, Davis Gaines, Kevin Gray, Thomas James O'Leary, Hugh Panaro, Howard McGillin, Gary Mauer, Brad Little, John Cudia, Peter Jöback, Norm Lewis, James Barbour, Amick Byram, Laird Mackintosh ; Christine Daaé: Patti Cohenour, Rebecca Luker, Lisa Vroman, Rebecca Pitcher, Jennifer Hope Wills, Kimilee Bryant, Sierra Boggess, Samantha Hill, Mary Michael Patterson, Julia Udine, Ali Ewoldt, Meghan Picerno ; Raoul, Vicomte de Chagny: Davis Gaines, Ciarán Sheehan, Gary Mauer, Hugh Panaro, Brad Little, John Cudia, Tim Martin Gleason, Jay Armstrong Johnson ; Monsieur Gilles Andre: George Lee Andrews, Laird Mackintosh, Bradley Dean ; Madame Giry: Linda Balgord ; Meg Giry: Tener Brown

This is a document about Madame Giry
  In Andrew Lloyd Webber's The Phantom of the Opera, Madame Giry's role is changed to become a slightly younger woman who now works as a choreographer of the corps de ballet. She is shown holding a cane, which she uses to beat time with the music, but which she is rarely shown to use otherwise. When the Opera Diva, Carlotta Giudicelli, walks out during rehearsals at the start of the show, it is Madame Giry, and her daughter, Meg, who suggest Christine Daaé for the leading role. Later in the show, she receives one of the Phantom's "Notes" in both reprises of this tune. The first one she gives to M. Firmin, but the second she reads herself, being over-spoken by the

This is a document about Meg Giry
 Carla Laemmle in the 1925 movie The Phantom of the Opera starring Lon Chaney, Norman Kerry and Mary Philbin. ; Janet Devenish (opening cast), and Heidi Ann O'Brien in West End production of Andrew Lloyd Webber's 1986 musical ; Elisa Heinsohn (opening cast), Catherine Ulissey, Tener Brown, Geralyn Del Corso, Jennifer Dawn Stillings, Joelle Gates, Heather McFadden, Jessica Bishop, Polly Baird, Kara Klein and Deanna Doyle in Broadway production of Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical. Paloma Garcia-Lee closing National tour Meg. ; Brianne Kelly Morgan in the 2006 Andrew Lloyd Webber musical Phantom — The Las Vegas Spectacular ; Sharon Millerchip in

This is a document about The Phantom of the Opera at the Royal Albert Hall
 Ramin Karimloo as The Phantom ; Sierra Boggess as Christine Daaé ; Hadley Fraser as Raoul, Vicomte de Chagny ; Wendy Ferguson as Carlotta Giudicelli ; Liz Robertson as Madame Giry ; Daisy Maywood as Meg Giry ; Barry James as Monsieur Richard Firmin ; Gareth Snook as Monsieur Gilles André ; Wynne Evans as Ubaldo Piangi ; Nick Holder as Joseph Buquet ; Earl Carpenter as Auctioneer Principal understudies Simon Shorten and Katie Hall play the Phantom and Christine in "The Phantom of the Opera" sequence when they walk on a lowering walkway that simulates a descent to the Phantom's underground lair. In the DVD, Blu-Ray, and digital download release of the concert, a footage of Boggess as Christine singing the song on the walkway was shot on one rehearsal and added in the film's final cut.

This is a document about The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)
  Phantom began previews at Her Majesty's Theatre in London's West End on 27 September 1986 under the direction of Hal Prince, then opened on 9 October. It was choreographed by Gillian Lynne and the sets were designed by Maria Björnson, with lighting by Andrew Bridge. Michael Crawford starred in the title role with Sarah Brightman as Christine and Steve Barton as Raoul. The production, which played at Her Majesty's Theatre, celebrated its 10,000th performance on 23 October 2010, with Lloyd Webber and the original Phantom, Crawford, in attendance. At the time of its closure in 2020, it was the second longest-running musical

This is a document about Carlotta (The Phantom of the Opera)
  has been drugged by the Phantom and murdered along with her maid when she tries to force him to take off his prop mask. In Andrew Lloyd Webber's 1986 musical production, Carlotta (last name Giudicelli) is from Italy and is one of the major singing parts. The opera company's prima donna, she despises Christine Daaé and sees the younger woman as a threat to her job and Phantom's courtesan, when Christine achieves prominence due to the Phantom's dirty tricks. Carlotta and tenor Ubaldo Piangi are lovers; she often turns to him for consolation when things go wrong, and she breaks down crying when his murdered body is discovered onstage. The film reveals that

This is a document about Phantom of Death
  Deodato has stated that "I did Phantom of Death because it was based on a true element – the idea of growing old [...] And I got to work with Michael York and Donald Pleasence." On the film as a whole, he commented that "some parts look like an 'A' production. But it seemed too long in the final part." He added that Edwige Fenech was miscast, and only included because the producer wanted her in the film.

This is a document about The Phantom of the Opera (1989 film)
 Robert Englund as Erik Destler, The Phantom of the Opera/Mr. Foster ; Jill Schoelen as Christine Day ; Alex Hyde-White as Richard Dutton ; Bill Nighy as Martin Barton ; Stephanie Lawrence as La Carlotta ; Molly Shannon as Meg (New York) ; Emma Rawson as Meg (London) ; Terence Harvey as Inspector Hawkins ; Nathan Lewis as Davies ; Peter Clapham as Harrison ; Yehuda Efroni as The Rat Catcher ; Terence Beesley as Joseph Buquet ; Mark Ryan as Mott ; Nancy Fontana as the singing voice of Christine

This is a document about The Phantom of the Opera (1998 film)
  In Paris 1877 a pack of rats save an abandoned baby from a basket that was flowing along a river. They raise him in the underground of the Opéra de Paris. This child becomes the Phantom of the Opera, a misanthrope who kills anyone who ventures into his underground chambers, just as rats are killed whenever they venture above ground. The Phantom (Julian Sands) falls in love with the young opera singer Christine Daaé (Asia Argento), while she sings alone on stage one night. He appears before her and tells her that her voice fills his heart with light. After

This is a document about The Phantom of the Opera (1998 film)
 Julian Sands as The Phantom of the Opera ; Asia Argento as Christine Daaé ; Andrea Di Stefano as Raoul, Baron de Chagny ; Nadia Rinaldi as Carlotta Altieri ; Coralina Cataldi-Tassoni as Honorine ; István Bubik as The Rat Catcher ; Lucia Guzzardi as Madame Giry ; Aldo Massasso as Pourdieu ; Zoltan Barabas as Poligny ; Gianni Franco as Montluc ; David D'Ingeo as Alfred ; Kitty Kéri as Paulette ; John Pedeferri as Dr. Princard ; Leonardo Treviglio as Jerome De Chagny ; Massimo Sarchielli as Joseph Buquet

This is a document about Meg Giry
  she is older and her personality is much sweeter, caring and innocent showing genuine concern for Christine's claim of an Angel of Music (really the Phantom) coaching her. Meg is more curvaceous and has blonde hair and blue eyes. Madame Giry is compelled to work for the Phantom because he left her a letter that told her that Meg (should she deserve it) would become Empress. Early in the novel, it is explained in the Prologue that Meg Giry, after the story's events, had indeed become the Baroness de Barbazac. In contrast to the musical version, in the novel, it is never mentioned that

This is a document about Madame Giry
  the novel, the Persian shows Raoul where the Opera Ghost resides - although he does accompany Raoul, unlike Madame Giry.) They both tell Raoul to hold his hand "at the level of his eyes", to protect from an attack with the punjab lasso. Madame Giry is not amongst the crowd who enter the Phantom's Lair at the end of the musical, although her daughter Meg Giry is. In the film version, Richardson is seen playing a non-speaking character in several of the black-and-white scenes, which indicate events many years after the events in the story. Since Raoul uses a wheelchair in these scenes, it is wrongly assumed that she is meant to be an elder Meg, as opposed to Madame Giry.

This is a document about The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)
  The year is 1881 - the cast of a new production, Hannibal, is rehearsing ("Hannibal Rehearsal"). Carlotta, the Opéra's resident soprano prima donna, begins to perform an aria when a backdrop inexplicably falls from the flies, causing anxious chorus girls to shout, "He's here! The Phantom of the Opera!" The new owners, Firmin and André, try to downplay the incident, but Carlotta angrily storms out, quitting the show. Madame Giry, the Opéra's ballet mistress, informs Firmin and André that Christine Daaé, a chorus girl and orphaned daughter of a prominent Swedish violinist, has been "well taught" and can sing Carlotta's role. With

This is a document about The Phantom of the Opera (1962 film)
 Herbert Lom as The Phantom of the Opera/Professor Petrie ; Heather Sears as Christine Charles ; Edward de Souza as Harry Hunter ; Michael Gough as Lord Ambrose D'Arcy ; Ian Wilson as The Dwarf ; Thorley Walters as Lattimer ; Harold Goodwin as Bill ; Marne Maitland as Xavier ; Miriam Karlin as Charwoman ; Patrick Troughton as The Rat Catcher ; Renée Houston as Mrs. Tucker ; Keith Pyott as Weaver ; Ivor Evans as opera singer (uncredited) - his voice was overdubbed Patricia Clark provided the dubbed-over soprano voice for Heather Sears.

This is a document about Andrew Lloyd Webber
  then-wife, Sarah Brightman, who played the role in the original London and Broadway productions alongside Michael Crawford as the Phantom. The production was directed by Harold Prince, who had also earlier directed Evita. Charles Hart wrote the lyrics for Phantom with some additional material provided by Richard Stilgoe, with whom Lloyd Webber co-wrote the book of the musical. It became a hit and is still running in both the West End and on Broadway; in January 2006 it overtook Lloyd Webber's Cats as the longest running show on Broadway. On 11 February 2012, Phantom of the Opera played its 10,000th show on Broadway. With over 13,400 London productions it

This is a document about Patti Cohenour
  River, Rosa Bud in The Mystery of Edwin Drood (New York, London) and Mother Abbess in The Sound of Music (revival) and understudied Nora in A Doll's Life. She also starred in the Broadway production of The Phantom of the Opera, being the original alternate for Sarah Brightman as Christine Daaé. She later went on to replace Brightman in the role opposite Timothy Nolen, the first baritone Phantom and also the only bass baritone Phantom, and also has played the role of Christine opposite Colm Wilkinson in Toronto. Additional credits: Mimi in La Bohème; Isabel/Mabel in The Pirates of Penzance (both New

This is a document about The Phantom of the Opera at the Royal Albert Hall
  In 1881, the Opéra Populaire's retiring owner, Lefevre, interrupts rehearsals for the grand opera Hannibal to introduce the company to his successors, Richard Firmin and Gilles André ("Hannibal Rehearsal"). When a falling backdrop barely misses resident soprano Carlotta Giudicelli, everyone blames "The Phantom of the Opera," who has troubled them for the past three years. The new managers attempt to downplay the situation, but Carlotta refuses to perform and walks out. As Lefevre departs, Meg Giry, the daughter of ballet mistress Madame Giry, claims her friend Christine Daaé has been taking singing lessons from an unknown teacher and can sing in Carlotta's place. André identifies

This is a document about Her Majesty's Theatre
  The Phantom of the Opera had its world premiere on 9 October 1986 at the theatre, winning the Olivier Award for Best New Musical and featuring Sarah Brightman and Michael Crawford, who won an Olivier award for his performance in the title role. The piece is still playing at Her Majesty's, celebrating its 25th anniversary in October 2011 and surpassing 10,000 performances in October 2010. It is the second longest-running West End musical in history (after Les Misérables). In a sign of its continuing popularity, Phantom ranked second in a 2006 BBC Radio 2 listener poll of the "Nation's Number One Essential Musicals". The musical is also the longest-running show on Broadway, was

This is a document about Phantom (musical)
 Erik, the Phantom: Richard White ; Christine Daaé: Glory Crampton ; Gérard Carrière: Jack Dabdoub ; Count Philippe de Chandon: Paul Schoeffler ; Alain Cholet (the new head of the Opera): Lyle Garrett ; Carlotta (his diva wife): Patty Allison (replaced by Meg Bussert on the recording) ; Joseph Buquet: Allen Kendall ; Inspector Ledoux: James Van Treuren Erik, the Phantom: Robert Cuccioli ; Christine Daaé: Kristin Chenoweth The Theatre Under the Stars cast is listed first: Other notable cast members in later productions:

Madame Giry, played by Siobhan Dillon in the 2011 film, is the old woman in "The Phantom of the Opera." She is a character who suggests one of the Phantom's "DG" notes to Christine during the opera's overture.


Question: how does a plane wing create lift which physics concept applies

Answer: force

This is a document about Flight
   Aerodynamic lift is created by the motion of an aerodynamic object (wing) through the air, which due to its shape and angle deflects the air. For sustained straight and level flight, lift must be equal and opposite to weight. In general, long narrow wings are able deflect a large amount of air at a slow speed, whereas smaller wings need a higher forward speed to deflect an equivalent amount of air and thus generate an equivalent amount of lift. Large cargo aircraft tend to use longer wings with higher angles of attack, whereas supersonic aircraft tend to have short wings and rely heavily on high forward speed to generate lift.

This is a document about Airfoil
  to generate lift, but cambered airfoils can generate lift at zero angle of attack. This "turning" of the air in the vicinity of the airfoil creates curved streamlines, resulting in lower pressure on one side and higher pressure on the other. This pressure difference is accompanied by a velocity difference, via Bernoulli's principle, so the resulting flowfield about the airfoil has a higher average velocity on the upper surface than on the lower surface. In some situations (e.g. inviscid potential flow) the lift force can be related directly to the average top/bottom velocity difference without computing the pressure by using the concept of circulation and the Kutta–Joukowski theorem.

This is a document about Lifting-line theory
 , that accurately describes the circulation (and therefore lift) distribution over a finite wing of known geometry. The lifting-line theory applies the concept of circulation and the Kutta–Joukowski theorem,

This is a document about Vorticity
  In aerodynamics, the lift distribution over a finite wing may be approximated by assuming that each spanwise segment of the wing has a semi-infinite trailing vortex behind it. It is then possible to solve for the strength of the vortices using the criterion that there be no flow induced through the surface of the wing. This procedure is called the vortex panel method of computational fluid dynamics. The strengths of the vortices are then summed to find the total approximate circulation about the wing. According to the Kutta–Joukowski theorem, lift is the product of circulation, airspeed, and air density.

This is a document about Flight
  In the context of an air flow relative to a flying body, the lift force is the component of the aerodynamic force that is perpendicular to the flow direction. Aerodynamic lift results when the wing causes the surrounding air to be deflected - the air then causes a force on the wing in the opposite direction, in accordance with Newton's third law of motion. Lift is commonly associated with the wing of an aircraft, although lift is also generated by rotors on rotorcraft (which are effectively rotating wings, performing the same function without requiring that the aircraft move forward through the air). While common meanings of the word "lift" suggest that lift opposes gravity, aerodynamic lift can be in any direction. When an aircraft is cruising for example, lift does oppose gravity, but lift occurs at an angle when climbing, descending or banking. On high-speed cars, the lift force is directed downwards (called "down-force") to keep the car stable on the road.

This is a document about Lift (force)
 Conservation of momentum, which is a consequence of Newton's laws of motion, especially Newton's second law which relates the net force on an element of air to its rate of momentum change, ; Conservation of mass, including the assumption that the airfoil's surface is impermeable for the air flowing around, and ; Conservation of energy, which says that energy is neither created nor destroyed. Mathematical theories of lift are based on continuum fluid mechanics, assuming that air flows as a continuous fluid. Lift is generated in accordance with the fundamental principles of physics, the most relevant being the following three principles: Because an airfoil affects the flow in a wide area around it, the conservation laws of mechanics are embodied in the form of partial differential equations combined with a set of boundary condition requirements which the flow

This is a document about Bernoulli's principle
  Many explanations for the generation of lift (on airfoils, propeller blades, etc.) can be found; some of these explanations can be misleading, and some are false. There has been debate about whether lift is best introduced to students using Bernoulli's principle or Newton's laws of motion. Modern writings agree that both Bernoulli's principle and Newton's laws are relevant, and either can be used to correctly describe lift. Several of these explanations use the Bernoulli principle to connect the flow kinematics to the flow-induced pressures. In cases of incorrect (or partially correct) explanations relying on the Bernoulli principle, the errors generally occur in the assumptions on the flow kinematics and how these are produced. It is not the Bernoulli principle itself that is questioned, because this principle is well established (the airflow above the wing is faster, the question is why it is faster).

This is a document about Wing
   A wing is a type of fin that produces lift while moving through air or some other fluid. Accordingly, wings have streamlined cross-sections that are subject to aerodynamic forces and act as airfoils. A wing's aerodynamic efficiency is expressed as its lift-to-drag ratio. The lift a wing generates at a given speed and angle of attack can be one to two orders of magnitude greater than the total drag on the wing. A high lift-to-drag ratio requires a significantly smaller thrust to propel the wings through the air at sufficient lift. Lifting structures used in water include various foils, such as hydrofoils. Hydrodynamics is the governing science, rather than aerodynamics. Applications of underwater foils occur in hydroplanes, sailboats and submarines.

This is a document about Lift (force)
  flow around a lifting airfoil is a fluid mechanics phenomenon that can be understood on essentially two levels: There are mathematical theories, which are based on established laws of physics and represent the flow accurately, but which require solving partial differential equations. And there are physical explanations without math, which are less rigorous. Correctly explaining lift in these qualitative terms is difficult because the cause-and-effect relationships involved are subtle. A comprehensive explanation that captures all of the essential aspects is necessarily complex. There are also many simplified explanations, but all leave significant parts of the phenomenon unexplained, while some also have elements that are simply incorrect.

This is a document about Wing
   The design and analysis of the wings of aircraft is one of the principal applications of the science of aerodynamics, which is a branch of fluid mechanics. In principle, the properties of the airflow around any moving object can be found by solving the Navier-Stokes equations of fluid dynamics. However, except for simple geometries these equations are notoriously difficult to solve and simpler equations are used. For a wing to produce lift, it must be oriented at a suitable angle of attack. When this occurs, the wing deflects the airflow downwards as it passes the wing. Since the wing exerts a force on the air to change its direction, the air must also exert an equal and opposite force on the wing.

This is a document about Foil (fluid mechanics)
   A foil generates lift primarily because of its shape and angle of attack. When oriented at a suitable angle, the foil deflects the oncoming fluid, resulting in a force on the foil in the direction opposite to the deflection. This force can be resolved into two components: lift and drag. This "turning" of the fluid in the vicinity of the foil creates curved streamlines which results in lower pressure on one side and higher pressure on the other. This pressure difference is accompanied by a velocity difference, via Bernoulli's principle, so for foils with positive angles-of attack, and other than flat-plates, the resulting flowfield about the foil has a higher average velocity on the upper surface than on the lower surface. A more detailed description of the flowfield is given by the simplified Navier-Stokes equations, applicable when the fluid is incompressible. However, since the effects of the compressibility of air at low speeds is negligible, these simplified equations can be used for both airfoils and hydrofoils as long as the fluid flow is substantially less than the speed of sound (up to about Mach 0.3).

This is a document about Vortex lift
  Vortex lift works by capturing vortices generated from the sharply swept leading edge of the wing. The vortex, formed roughly parallel to the leading edge of the wing, is trapped by the airflow and remains fixed to the upper surface of the wing. As the air flows around the leading edge, it flows over the trapped vortex and is pulled in and down to generate the lift. A straight, or moderate sweep, wing may experience, depending on its airfoil section, a leading-edge stall and loss of lift, as a result of flow separation at the leading edge and a non-lifting wake over the top of the wing.

This is a document about Unpowered flight
  The principles of aerodynamic lift are shared by both nature and man-made aircraft. As the aeronaut falls, outspread wings are angled to the oncoming air to create a fast forward flow of air over the wing. This flow generates aerodynamic lift which slows the rate of descent. The result is gliding flight as opposed to a simple descent like a parachute. If the air is rising faster than the object is descending, it will be carried upwards. In this way a gliding object can gain additional potential energy from sources such as thermals and ridge lift.

This is a document about Lifting-line theory
   It is difficult to predict analytically the overall amount of lift that a wing of given geometry will generate. When analyzing a three-dimensional finite wing, the first approximation to understanding is to consider slicing the wing into cross-sections, and analyzing each cross section independently as a wing in a two-dimensional world. Each of these slices is called an airfoil, and it is easier to understand an airfoil than a complete three-dimensional wing. One might expect that understanding the full wing simply involves adding up the independently-calculated forces from each airfoil segment. However, it turns out that this approximation is grossly incorrect: on a real wing, the lift over each wing segment (local lift per unit span, ).

This is a document about Channel wing
  Custer's summary of his invention was that the key to the lift created by a wing is the velocity of the stream of air passing over the wing, not the velocity of the airplane itself: It's the speed of air, not the airspeed! A wing functions because the air over the wing has a lower pressure than the air under it. The conventional aircraft must reach a significant minimum speed before this pressure differential become large enough that it generates sufficient lift to become airborne. In Custer's channel wing the rotating propeller will direct a stable stream of air backwards through the channel. A propeller will at the low pressure side normally be supplied by air from all directions. Since the half-tube prevents air from being drawn from below, the air will be sucked through the channel instead. This creates a strong low pressure area in the channel, which again generates a lift.

This is a document about Bird flight
  The fundamentals of bird flight are similar to those of aircraft, in which the aerodynamic forces sustaining flight are lift and drag. Lift force is produced by the action of air flow on the wing, which is an airfoil. The airfoil is shaped such that the air provides a net upward force on the wing, while the movement of air is directed downward. Additional net lift may come from airflow around the bird's body in some species, especially during intermittent flight while the wings are folded or semi-folded (cf. lifting body). Aerodynamic drag is the force opposite to the direction of motion, and hence the source of energy loss in flight. The drag force can be separated into two portions, lift-induced drag, which is the inherent cost of the wing producing lift (this energy ends up primarily in the wingtip vortices), and parasitic drag, including skin friction drag from the friction of air and body surfaces and form drag from the bird's frontal area. The streamlining of bird's body and wings reduces these forces.

This is a document about Lift-induced drag
   The total aerodynamic force acting on a body is usually thought of as having two components, lift and drag. By definition, the component of force parallel to the oncoming flow is called drag; and the component perpendicular to the oncoming flow is called lift. At practical angles of attack the lift greatly exceeds the drag. Lift is produced by the changing direction of the flow around a wing. The change of direction results in a change of velocity (even if there is no speed change, just as seen in uniform circular motion), which is an acceleration. To change the direction of the flow therefore requires that a force be applied to the fluid;

This is a document about Lift (force)
  is based on logical inference, not physical cause-and-effect. The Kutta–Joukowski model does not predict how much circulation or lift a two-dimensional airfoil will produce. Calculating the lift per unit span using Kutta–Joukowski requires a known value for the circulation. In particular, if the Kutta condition is met, in which the rear stagnation point moves to the airfoil trailing edge and attaches there for the duration of flight, the lift can be calculated theorically through the conformal mapping method. The lift generated by a conventional airfoil is dictated by both its design and the flight conditions, such as forward velocity, angle of attack and air density. Lift can be increased by artificially increasing the circulation, for example by boundary-layer blowing or the use of blown flaps. In the Flettner rotor the entire airfoil is circular and spins about a spanwise axis to create the circulation.

This is a document about Ground effect (aerodynamics)
  When an aircraft flies at or below approximately half the length of the aircraft's wingspan above the ground or water there occurs an often-noticeable ground effect. The result is lower induced drag on the aircraft. This is caused primarily by the ground or water obstructing the creation of wingtip vortices and interrupting downwash behind the wing. A wing generates lift by deflecting the oncoming airmass (relative wind) downward. The deflected or "turned" flow of air creates a resultant force on the wing in the opposite direction (Newton's 3rd law). The resultant force is identified as lift. Flying close to a surface increases air pressure on the lower wing surface, nicknamed the "ram" or "cushion" effect, and thereby improves the aircraft lift-to-drag ratio. The lower/nearer the wing

This is a document about Lift-induced drag
  is simply the reaction force of the fluid acting on the wing. To produce lift, air below the wing is at a higher pressure than the air pressure above the wing. On a wing of finite span, this pressure difference causes air to flow from the lower surface wing root, around the wingtip, towards the upper surface wing root. This spanwise flow of air combines with chordwise flowing air, causing a change in speed and direction, which twists the airflow and produces vortices along the wing trailing edge. The vortices created are unstable, and they quickly combine to produce wingtip vortices. The resulting vortices change the speed and direction of the airflow

A plane wing creates lift by deflecting air downward as it moves through the air. This deflection causes an equal and opposite force to be exerted on the wing in the opposite direction, which is the lift force. The physics concept that applies is Bernoulli's principle, which states that as the velocity of a fluid (in this case, air) increases, the pressure decreases. The curved shape of a wing causes the air to move faster over the top surface than the bottom surface, resulting in lower pressure above the wing and higher pressure below, which creates the lift force.


Question: when did the anglo saxons arrive in britain

Answer: fifth - century

This is a document about Rædwald of East Anglia
  The Anglo-Saxons, who are known to have included Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians, began to arrive in Britain in the 5th century. By 600, a number of kingdoms had begun to form in the conquered territories. By the beginning of the 7th century, the southern part of what became England was almost entirely under their control. During Rædwald's youth, the establishment of other ruling houses was accomplished. Sometime before 588, Æthelberht of Kent married Bercta, the Christian daughter of the Frankish ruler Charibert I. As early as 568, Ceawlin of Wessex, the most powerful ruler south of the River Humber, repulsed Æthelberht. According to later sources, Mercia was

This is a document about Historical immigration to Great Britain
  The historical immigration to Great Britain concerns the movement of people, cultural and ethnic groups to the British Isles before Irish independence in 1922. Immigration after Irish independence is dealt with by the article Immigration to the United Kingdom since Irish independence. Modern humans first arrived in Great Britain during the Palaeolithic era, but until the invasion of the Romans (1st century BC) there was no historical record. With the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, large numbers of Germanic speakers from the continent migrated to the southern parts of the island, becoming known as the Anglo-Saxons and eventually forming

This is a document about British Isles
  or so of Great Britain by a people known as Picts and the southern two thirds by Britons. Anglo-Saxons arrived as Roman power waned in the 5th century AD. Initially, their arrival seems to have been at the invitation of the Britons as mercenaries to repulse incursions by the Hiberni and Picts. In time, Anglo-Saxon demands on the British became so great that they came to culturally dominate the bulk of southern Great Britain, though recent genetic evidence suggests Britons still formed the bulk of the population. This dominance creating what is now England and leaving culturally British enclaves only in the

This is a document about Jutes
  During the period after the Roman occupation and before the Norman conquest, people of Germanic descent arrived in England. The Anglo Saxon Chronicle provides what historians regard as foundation legends for Anglo-Saxon settlement. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle describes how the brothers Hengist and Horsa in the year 449 were invited to Sub-Roman Britain, by Vortigern to assist his forces in fighting the Picts. They landed at Wippidsfleet (Ebbsfleet), and went on to defeat the Picts wherever they fought them. Hengist and Horsa sent word home to Germany asking for assistance. Their request was granted and support arrived. Afterward, more people arrived in Britain from "the three powers of Germany; the Old Saxons, the Angles, and the Jutes". The

This is a document about Romano-British culture
  decided to settle in Britain. Some of the Romano-British people migrated to Brittany, the Kingdom of the Suebi and possibly Ireland. The Anglo-Saxons obtained control of eastern England in the 5th century. In the mid-6th century, they started expanding into the Midlands, then in the 7th century they expanded again into the southwest and the north of England. The unconquered parts of southern Britain, notably Wales, retained their Romano-British culture, in particular retaining Christianity. Members of groups who spoke Germanic also migrated to the southern section of Great Britain. Cultural exchange is seen in the post-Roman period with these Germanic settlements. Some Anglo-Saxon histories (in context) refer to the Romano-British people by the blanket

This is a document about Culture of England
  accomplishment to Lucius of Britain. Archaeological evidence for Christian communities begins to appear in the 3rd and 4th centuries. The Romano-British population after the withdrawal of the Roman legions remained mostly Christian. The Anglo-Saxon invaders and settlers who replaced them, founding the English nation, represented a stark return to pre-Christian religion for Britain. From the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons beginning in the 4th century until the arrival of the Augustinian Mission in 597 AD, England was entirely pagan, and the pre-Christian Germanic religion was practised openly in pockets throughout the country for many decades after this. Christianity was reintroduced into England by missionaries from Scotland and from Continental Europe: the era of

This is a document about List of Anglo-Welsh wars
  This is an incomplete list of the wars and battles between the Anglo-Saxons who later formed into the Kingdom of England and the Britons (the pre-existing Brythonic population of Britain south of the Antonine Wall who came to be known later by the English as the Welsh), as well as the conflicts between the English and Welsh in subsequent centuries. The list begins after the Adventus Saxonum in c. AD 446 (when the Anglo-Saxons are said to have arrived in Britain) to the late Middle Ages when England annexed the whole of Wales in 1535. The list is not exhaustive but seeks to note the significant campaigns and the major battles.

This is a document about Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain
  The Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain is the process which changed the language and culture of most of what became England from Romano-British to Germanic. The Germanic-speakers in Britain, themselves of diverse origins, eventually developed a common cultural identity as Anglo-Saxons. This process principally occurred from the mid-fifth to early seventh centuries, following the end of Roman rule in Britain around the year 410. The settlement was followed by the establishment of the Heptarchy, Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in the south and east of Britain, later followed by the rest of modern England, and the south-east of modern Scotland. The available evidence includes the scant contemporary and

This is a document about History of Wales
  Britain in AD 43, first campaigned in what is now northeast Wales in 48 against the Deceangli, and gained total control of the region with their defeat of the Ordovices in 79. The Romans departed from Britain in the 5th century, opening the door for the Anglo-Saxon invasion. Thereafter, the Brittonic language and culture began to splinter, and several distinct groups formed. The Welsh people were the largest of these groups, and are generally discussed independently of the other surviving Brittonic-speaking peoples after the 11th century. A number of kingdoms formed in present-day Wales in the post-Roman period. While the most powerful ruler was acknowledged as King of the

This is a document about Anglo-Saxons
   The Anglo-Saxons were a cultural group who inhabited England in the Early Middle Ages. They traced their origins to the 5th century settlement of incomers to Britain, who migrated to the island from the North Sea coastlands of mainland Europe. However, the ethnogenesis of the Anglo-Saxons occurred within Britain, and the identity was not merely directly imported. The development of an Anglo-Saxon identity arose from the interaction between incoming groups of people from a number of Germanic tribes, both amongst themselves, and with indigenous British groups. Many of the natives, over time, adopted Anglo-Saxon culture and language and were assimilated. The Anglo-Saxons established the concept, and the Kingdom, of England, and though the modern English language owes somewhat less than 26%

This is a document about Invasions of the British Isles
  As the Roman Empire declined, its hold on Britain loosened. By AD 410, Roman forces had been withdrawn, and small, isolated bands of migrating Germans began to invade Britain. There seems to have been no large "invasion" with a combined army or fleet, but the tribes, notably the Jutes, Angles, and Saxons, quickly established control over modern-day England. The peoples now called the 'Anglo-Saxons' largely came from Jutland and northern Germany, first landing in Eastern Britain. There are few records existing that account this migration, and those that were written come mainly from the Mediterranean area or were created long after the event. There were a small

This is a document about History of Anglo-Saxon England
  Anglo-Saxon England or Early Medieval England, existing from the 5th to the 11th centuries from the end of Roman Britain until the Norman conquest in 1066, consisted of various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms until 927, when it was united as the Kingdom of England by King Æthelstan (r. 927–939). It became part of the short-lived North Sea Empire of Cnut the Great, a personal union between England, Denmark and Norway in the 11th century. The Anglo-Saxons were the members of Germanic-speaking groups who migrated to the southern half of the island of Great Britain from nearby northwestern Europe. Anglo-Saxon history thus begins during the period of sub-Roman Britain following

This is a document about Anglo-Saxons
  The early Anglo-Saxon period covers the history of medieval Britain that starts from the end of Roman rule. It is a period widely known in European history as the Migration Period, also the Völkerwanderung ("migration of peoples" in German). This was a period of intensified human migration in Europe from about 375 to 800. The migrants were Germanic tribes such as the Goths, Vandals, Angles, Saxons, Lombards, Suebi, Frisii, and Franks; they were later pushed westwards by the Huns, Avars, Slavs, Bulgars, and Alans. The migrants to Britain might also have included the Huns and Rugini. Until AD 400, Roman Britain, the province of Britannia, was an integral, flourishing part of the Western Roman Empire, occasionally disturbed by internal rebellions or barbarian attacks, which were subdued or repelled by the large contingent of imperial troops stationed in the province. By 410, however, the imperial forces had been withdrawn to deal with crises in other parts of the empire, and the Romano-Britons were left to fend for themselves in what is called the post-Roman or "sub-Roman" period of the 5th century.

This is a document about Old Saxony
  neighbouring tribes the Angles and the Jutes to migrate westwards by sea and invade the fertile lowland areas of Britain. The traditional date for this invasion is 449 and is known as the Adventus Saxonum. This began a vicious 400-year war of occupation and led to the creation of various Saxon kingdoms in England including that of the South Saxons (Sussex), the West Saxons (Wessex) and the East Saxons (Essex) alongside others established by the Angles and the Jutes and are the foundations of the modern English nation. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th

This is a document about History of Anglo-Saxon England
  migrants, Old English, came over the next few centuries to predominate throughout what is now England, at the expense of British Celtic and British Latin.  The arrival of the Anglo-Saxons into Britain can be seen in the context of a general movement of Germanic peoples around Europe between the years 300 and 700, known as the Migration period (also called the Barbarian Invasions or Völkerwanderung). In the same period there were migrations of Britons to the Armorican peninsula (Brittany and Normandy in modern-day France): initially around 383 during Roman rule, but also c. 460 and in the 540s and 550s; the 460s migration is

This is a document about Anglo-Saxon London
  The history of Anglo-Saxon London relates to the history of the city of London during the Anglo-Saxon period, in the 7th to 11th centuries. Romano-British Londinium had been abandoned in the late 5th century, although the London Wall remained intact. There was an Anglo-Saxon settlement by the early 7th century, called Lundenwic, about one mile west of Londinium, to the north of the present Strand. Lundenwic came under direct Mercian control in about 670. After the death of Offa of Mercia in 796, it was disputed between Mercia and Wessex. Viking invasions became frequent from the 830s, and a Viking army is believed to have camped in the old Roman walls during the winter of 871. Alfred the Great reestablished English control of London in

This is a document about Historical immigration to Great Britain
  Germanic (Frankish) mercenaries were employed in Gaul by the Roman Empire and it is speculated that in a similar manner, the first Germanic immigrants to Britain arrived at the invitation of the British ruling classes at the end of the Roman period. Though the (probably mythical) landing of Hengist and Horsa in Kent in 449 is traditionally considered to be the start of the Anglo-Saxon migrations, archaeological evidence has shown that significant settlement in East Anglia predated this by nearly half a century. The key area of large-scale migration was southeastern Britain; in this region, place names of Celtic and Latin origin are extremely few. Genetic and isotope evidence

This is a document about United Kingdom
  and languages." The Roman conquest, beginning in 43 AD, and the 400-year rule of southern Britain, was followed by an invasion by Germanic Anglo-Saxon settlers, reducing the Brittonic area mainly to what was to become Wales, Cornwall and, until the latter stages of the Anglo-Saxon settlement, the Hen Ogledd (northern England and parts of southern Scotland). Most of the region settled by the Anglo-Saxons became unified as the Kingdom of England in the 10th century. Meanwhile, Gaelic-speakers in north-west Britain (with connections to the north-east of Ireland and traditionally supposed to have migrated from there in the 5th century) united with

This is a document about Sarum (novel)
 Journey to Sarum (prehistoric Britain, 7500BC) ; The Barrow (the arrival of agriculture in Britain, 4000BC) ; The Henge (the building of Stonehenge, 2000BC) ; Sorviodunum (the arrival of the Romans, 42AD) ; Twilight (the fall of the Roman Empire/arrival of the Saxons, 427AD) ; The Two Rivers (arrival of the Vikings/uniting of England, 877AD) ; The Castle (Norman England, 1139AD)

This is a document about Snape Anglo-Saxon Cemetery
  The Anglo-Saxon period saw widespread changes in the society, language and culture of much of eastern Britain. Surviving sources of evidence for England in the 5th and 6th centuries remain "few and unsatisfactory in the extreme", consisting of limited archaeological evidence (primarily burials) alongside three primary textual sources, only one of which, the monk Gildas' De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae, is contemporary. According to the monk Bede, writing in his Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum in the 8th century, the Anglo-Saxon age began when three tribal groups from Northern Germany and Southern Denmark – the Saxons, Angles and Jutes – began to migrate into Britain, where they were initially employed as mercenaries by the indigenous Romano-British population following the collapse of Roman Imperial rule. Archaeological evidence corroborates this, but also

The Anglo-Saxons, specifically Hengist and Horsa, are believed to have arrived in Britain in 449 AD. However, the Anglo-Saxon migration to Britain began in earnest in the 5th century.