Question: who played yondu in guardians of the galaxy 2

Answer: Michael Rooker

This is a document about Yondu
  and became an honorary member of the Avengers. The original Yondu never starred as a solo character in any Marvel Comic books, but was a core member of the team in the Guardians of the Galaxy comic that ran from 1990 to 1995. Michael Rooker portrayed Yondu as a space pirate leading one of the factions of "The Ravagers" in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Guardians of the Galaxy (2014) and Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017). After the release of the first film, Marvel Comics introduced this version of the character to the Earth-616 comic book continuity. Additionally, Rooker voiced alternate versions of Yondu in the Disney+ animated series What If...? (2021). Since his introduction, the present-day Yondu character has appeared in the Guardians of the Galaxy animated TV series and in several video games.

This is a document about Guardians of the Galaxy (film)
  as Yondu Udonta, and it was announced that Ophelia Lovibond had been cast in a supporting role. By this point in time, Lee Pace was in final negotiations to play the villain of the film. In May, Marvel offered John C. Reilly the role of Rhomann Dey. At the same time, it was disclosed that filmmakers were looking at actors including Hugh Laurie, Alan Rickman, and Ken Watanabe, for another role, and that Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely were providing finishing touches to the script. A few days later, Glenn Close was cast as the head of the Nova Corps in the film, followed shortly by

This is a document about Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2
  Michael Rooker said he would return as Yondu, and was looking forward to exploring new areas of the character. Chris Pratt, who played Peter Quill/Star-Lord in the first film, confirmed the sequel would be one of his next projects. Bradley Cooper expressed interest and excitement when asked if he would return as Rocket. Vin Diesel also confirmed he would return as Groot. In March 2015, Gunn revealed that filming would take place in Atlanta, Georgia with "major crew changes" from the first film, and that his brother, Sean Gunn, would return as Kraglin alongside Karen Gillan as Nebula. He explained his relationship with Marvel,

This is a document about Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2
  Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 is a 2017 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team Guardians of the Galaxy, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to Guardians of the Galaxy (2014) and the 15th film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). Written and directed by James Gunn, the film stars an ensemble cast featuring Chris Pratt, Zoe Saldaña, Dave Bautista, Vin Diesel, Bradley Cooper, Michael Rooker, Karen Gillan, Pom Klementieff, Elizabeth Debicki, Chris Sullivan, Sean Gunn, Sylvester Stallone, and Kurt Russell. In Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, the Guardians travel throughout the cosmos as they help Peter Quill learn more about his mysterious parentage. The

This is a document about Yondu
 Yondu appears in the Guardians of the Galaxy animated series, voiced by James Arnold Taylor. ; Yondu appears in the animated special Lego Marvel Super Heroes - Guardians of the Galaxy: The Thanos Threat, voiced again by James Arnold Taylor.

This is a document about Guardians of the Galaxy (film)
  Guardians of the Galaxy (retroactively referred to as Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 1) is a 2014 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team of the same name. Produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, it is the 10th film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). Directed by James Gunn, who wrote the screenplay with Nicole Perlman, the film features an ensemble cast including Chris Pratt, Zoe Saldaña, Dave Bautista, Vin Diesel, and Bradley Cooper as the titular Guardians, along with Lee Pace, Michael Rooker, Karen Gillan, Djimon Hounsou, John C. Reilly, Glenn Close, and Benicio del Toro. In the film, Peter Quill and a group of extraterrestrial criminals go on the run after stealing a powerful artifact. Perlman began

This is a document about Michael Rooker
  2010, he revealed via Twitter that he was to appear in the AMC television series The Walking Dead as Merle Dixon, one of the survivors of a zombie apocalypse. He guest-starred in two episodes of the first season and one of the second season before becoming a series regular for the third season. Rooker is also known for his roles in video games such as Call of Duty: Black Ops (where he played himself), Mike Harper in Call of Duty: Black Ops 2 in November 2012, and as Merle in The Walking Dead: Survival Instinct, the video game based on the television series. He played Yondu in the Marvel Studios film Guardians of the Galaxy, directed by James Gunn, and reprised it in Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017). In 2021 he appeared in the action film F9, directed by Justin Lin.

This is a document about Characters of the Marvel Cinematic Universe
  Yondu Udonta (portrayed by Michael Rooker) is the adoptive father of Peter Quill and a leader of the Ravagers. Yondu had originally been contracted to kidnap young Quill from Earth following the death of Quill's mother and return him to his birth father. However, Yondu decided Quill would better serve his own needs in thievery, therefore he kept and raised him as part of his Ravager clan. Despite their frequent arguments and conflicts over the years, Quill and Yondu form an emotional and familial bond. In 2014, Yondu assists Quill and the Guardians of the Galaxy on Xandar against Ronan, and later saves Quill from his birth father, Ego and sacrifices himself to save Quill from his potentially ill-fated end. , the character has appeared in two films: Guardians of the Galaxy and Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2; as well as the Disney+ animated series What If...?.

This is a document about Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2
  Sullivan's makeup took two-and-a-half to three-and-a-half hours to apply each day. ; Sean Gunn as Kraglin Obfonteri: Yondu's second-in-command in the Ravagers. Kraglin has an expanded role compared to the previous film—Sean Gunn explained, "In the first film he did a lot of just saying yes and being at Yondu's side, but in this movie things take a little bit of a different turn as Kraglin has a little bit of a crisis of conscience and has to decide whether he's going to stick with Yondu or join forces with the growing faction of mutineers." ; Sylvester Stallone as Stakar Ogord: A

This is a document about Guardians of the Galaxy (1969 team)
 The original Guardians appear as playable characters in a DLC pack for Lego Marvel Super Heroes 2 called "Classic Guardians of the Galaxy". ; Various members of the original Guardians of the Galaxy team appear in the live-action film Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, with Michael Rooker as Yondu Udonta, Sylvester Stallone as Stakar Ogord, Michael Rosenbaum as Martinex T'Naga, Ving Rhames as Charlie-27, Michelle Yeoh as Aleta Ogord, an uncredited Miley Cyrus as the voice of Mainframe, and Krugarr in a non-speaking role. These versions of the characters are part of an interstellar group of thieves, smugglers, and pirates known as the Ravagers.

This is a document about Fumihiko Tachiki
  Strutt (Michael Jai White)) ; Furious 7 (Jakande (Djimon Hounsou)) ; Gone in 60 Seconds (Donny Astricky (Chi McBride)) ; Guardians of the Galaxy (Yondu Udonta (Michael Rooker)) ; Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (Yondu Udonta (Michael Rooker)) ; Halo: Nightfall (Aiken (Steven Waddington)) ; Happy Gilmore (Shooter McGavin (Christopher McDonald)) ; Hatfields & McCoys (Randolph "Randall" McCoy (Bill Paxton)) ; Independence Day: Resurgence (General Joshua T. Adams (William Fichtner)) ; Iron Will (Ned Dodd (August Schellenberg)) ; Disney's The Kid (Kenny (Chi McBride)) ; Kill Bill (Budd (Michael Madsen)) ; Musa (Dae-Jung (Ahn Sung-ki)) ; Lord of the Rings

This is a document about Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2
  is really about Rocket coming to terms with accepting his place within a group of people, which probably seemed like a good idea" when they were heroes together at the end of the first film, but now "he's just not very comfortable with the idea". Feige stated that the relationship between Rocket and Groot has changed, saying, "Groot was Rocket's protector in the first movie, [and now] Rocket is Groot's protector." ; Michael Rooker as Yondu Udonta: A blue-skinned buccaneer of the Ravagers who is a fatherly figure to Quill and member of the Guardians. He is also the former deputy to Ayesha.

This is a document about Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2
  said that there had been discussions for Bowie to appear in the film as a member of Yondu's original crew. Gunn also stated that he had completed the final draft of the script. Benicio del Toro, who portrayed the Collector in the first film, expressed interest in portraying the character again, despite Marvel not contacting him about the sequel; Gunn explained that the Collector "just didn't fit" into Vol. 2. In early February, comedian Steve Agee was revealed to be in the film. Prop master Russell Bobbitt had difficulty finding the cassette decks that had been used in the first film, and all of the Sony

This is a document about Guardians of the Galaxy (film)
 Chris Pratt as Peter Quill / Star-Lord: Zoe Saldaña as Gamora: Dave Bautista as Drax the Destroyer: Vin Diesel as Groot: Bradley Cooper as Rocket: Lee Pace as Ronan the Accuser: Michael Rooker as Yondu Udonta: Karen Gillan as Nebula: Djimon Hounsou as Korath: John C. Reilly as Rhomann Dey: A corpsman in the Nova Corps, the Nova Empire's military and police force. ; Glenn Close as Irani Rael: Benicio del Toro as Taneleer Tivan / The Collector: The half-human, half-alien leader of the Guardians who was abducted from Missouri as a child in 1988 and raised by a group of

This is a document about Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase Two
  standing in for Evans, before Evans came to shoot the scene. Hiddleston said, "I did an impression of Loki in the Captain America costume, and then they showed Chris [Evans] my performance on tape. It's him doing an impression of me doing an impression of him. And it's brilliant." James Gunn, the director of Guardians of the Galaxy, directed the mid-credits scene that featured the Collector, played by Benicio del Toro. Asked about shooting the scene, Gunn said, "I got the script that morning, and I did it in two hours at the end of a day of second unit shooting [for Guardians of the Galaxy]."

This is a document about Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3
 Chris Pratt as Peter Quill / Star-Lord: Zoe Saldaña as Gamora: Dave Bautista as Drax the Destroyer: A member of the Guardians and highly skilled warrior whose family was slaughtered by Thanos. ; Vin Diesel as Groot: A member of the Guardians who is a tree-like humanoid and the accomplice of Rocket. ; Bradley Cooper as Rocket: Karen Gillan as Nebula: A member of the Guardians and former Avenger who is an orphan from an alien world, and was trained by Thanos to be his personal assassin. ; Pom Klementieff as Mantis: A member of the Guardians with empathic powers. ; Sean Gunn as Kraglin Obfonteri: Yondu's former second-in-command in the Ravagers. ; Sylvester Stallone as Stakar Ogord: A high-ranking Ravager. ; Will Poulter as Adam Warlock: An artificial powerful being created by the Sovereign to destroy the Guardians as revenge. The half-human,

This is a document about Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3
  said there would be a third film "for sure. We're trying to figure it out," soon adding that there were no specific plans for the film yet, but that Marvel would want to make it "unless something goes horribly—which is always possible, you never know". He also reiterated that he had not decided whether he would be directing the film, and that he was going to figure out his involvement and his next project "over the next couple of weeks." Part of Gunn's reluctance to return to the film came from not wanting to work on it without Michael Rooker, who portrayed Yondu Udonta in the previous two films and

This is a document about Haruo Satō (voice actor)
 The Agency (Carl Reese) ; Austenland (Colonel Andrews (James Callis)) ; Dagon (Priest) ; Die Another Day (DVD version) (Colonel Tan-Sun Moon (Will Yun Lee)) ; Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (Sovereign Admiral (Ben Browder)) ; Hank Zipzer (Mr. Love (Nick Mohammed)) ; John Q. (Steve Maguire (Kevin Connolly)) ; Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb (Dr. McPhee (Ricky Gervais)) ; The Shield (Shane Vendrell) ; Tru Calling (Luc Johnston (Matthew Bomer)) ; Up in the Air (Steve (Zach Galifianakis)) ; Vigil (Mark Prentice (Adam James)) ; White Oleander (Bill) ; X-Men: First Class (Levene (Demetri Goritsas))

This is a document about Chris Pratt
  While Pratt had been known to this point for playing supporting characters and was best known for his portly character on Parks and Recreation, 2014 marked a turning point in his career when he headlined two major studio films: Emmet Brickowski in The Lego Movie, which grossed $469.1 million; and Peter Quill / Star-Lord in Marvel Studios' Guardians of the Galaxy, which grossed $773.3 million. Pratt had initially turned down the role of Peter Quill, explaining he did not "want another Captain Kirk or Avatar moment" (after humbling auditions for both). The film's casting director, Sarah Finn, suggested Pratt to the director James Gunn, who

This is a document about Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2
  felt that "this is a story about a father's love for his son, his ultimate love, so much love that he sacrifices himself for that, and that's what Yondu is. He is 100 percent Peter Quill's father" despite Ego being Quill's biological father. Before the release of Vol. 2, Rooker spent time on the set of Avengers: Infinity War (2018) to counteract rumors that the reason his character would not appear in that film was that he would die in this one. ; Karen Gillan as Nebula: An adopted daughter of Thanos who was raised with Gamora as sisters and reluctant member of

Michael Rooker played Yondu in "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2."


Question: who is hosting the next world cup 2022

Answer: Qatar

This is a document about 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids
  Belgium and Netherlands, and a joint bid from Portugal and Spain. Bids for the 2022 World Cup came from Australia, Japan, Qatar, South Korea, and the United States. Indonesia's bid was disqualified due to lack of governmental support, and Mexico withdrew its bid for financial reasons. On 2 December 2010, Russia and Qatar were selected as the locations for the 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cups respectively. The selection process involved several controversies. Two members of the FIFA Executive Committee had their voting rights suspended following allegations that they would accept money in exchange for votes. More allegations of vote buying arose after Qatar's win was announced. Eleven of the 22 committee members who voted on the 2018 and 2022 tournaments have been fined, suspended, banned for life or prosecuted for corruption.

This is a document about 2022 FIFA World Cup
  The 2022 FIFA World Cup (كأس العالم لكرة القدم ٢٠٢٢) is scheduled to be the 22nd running of the FIFA World Cup competition, the quadrennial international men's football championship contested by the national teams of the member associations of FIFA. It is scheduled to take place in Qatar from 21 November to 18 December 2022. This will be the first World Cup ever to be held in the Arab world, and it will be the second World Cup held entirely in Asia after the 2002 tournament was held in South Korea and Japan. In addition, the tournament will be the last to involve 32 teams, with an increase to 48 teams scheduled for the 2026 tournament in the United States, Mexico, and Canada. The reigning World Cup champions are France. Due to

This is a document about Sport in Qatar
  On 2 December 2010, Qatar won their bid to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup. Beating rival bids from Australia, the United States, South Korea, and Japan, FIFA stated that the Qatari bid ran on a platform of bringing the World Cup to the only part of the world previously excluded from hosting it, donating parts of stadia to under-developed countries in Africa and Asia after the competition finishes, and giving fans the opportunity to watch multiple matches in one day and reduce travel expenses by being the most compact tournament to date. The local organising committee, the Supreme Committee for

This is a document about 2022 in sports
 21 November - 18 December 2022 FIFA World Cup (host 🇶🇦 Qatar)

This is a document about December 2010 in sports
 FIFA Executive Committee selects the 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup hosts: ; 2018: Russia win the rights to the tournament, amassing an unassailable 13 of the 22 votes in the second round. ; 2022: Qatar win the rights to the tournament, defeating the United States by 14 votes to 8 in the final round. ; Russia and Qatar are both first-time hosts and are the largest (by area) and smallest (by both area and population) countries respectively to host the FIFA World Cup, and also the first hosts from Eastern Europe or Western Asia. ; AFF Suzuki Cup: ; Group B in Hanoi, Vietnam: ; 1–1 ; 7–1 ;

This is a document about 2022 FIFA World Cup
  2018 bids, thus guaranteeing that a UEFA nation would host the 2018 cup and thereby making UEFA nations ineligible for the 2022 bid. In the end, there were five bids for the 2022 FIFA World Cup: Australia, Japan, Qatar, South Korea, and the United States. The twenty-two member FIFA Executive Committee convened in Zürich on 2 December 2010 to vote to select the hosts of both tournaments. Two FIFA executive committee members were suspended before the vote in relation to allegations of corruption regarding their votes. The decision to host the 2022 World Cup in Qatar, which was graded as having "high

This is a document about Russia 2018 FIFA World Cup bid
  2010, Russia formally pulled out of the race to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup. On December 2, 2010 Russia was chosen as the host country for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Fourteen cities are included in the current proposal, which divides them into 6 different clusters: one in the north, centered on St. Petersburg, a central cluster, centered on Moscow, a southern cluster, centered on Sochi, and the Volga River cluster. Only one city beyond the Ural Mountains is cited, Yekaterinburg. The other cities are: Kaliningrad in the north cluster, Rostov-on-Don and Krasnodar in the south cluster and Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Saransk, Samara and Volgograd in the Volga River cluster. The country

This is a document about Qatar 2022 FIFA World Cup bid
  The Qatar 2022 FIFA World Cup bid was a bid by Qatar to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup. With a population of 2 million people, Qatar will be the first Arab state to host the World Cup. Sheikh Mohammed bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani, son of Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani the then Emir of Qatar, was the chairman of the bid committee. Qatar promoted their hosting of the tournament as representing the Arab World, and has drawn support from across the member states of the Arab League. They also positioned their bid as an opportunity to bridge the gap between the Arab World and the West. On 17 November 2010, Qatar hosted a friendly match between Brazil and Argentina. This was

This is a document about History of the FIFA World Cup
  The 2022 World Cup hosted by Qatar will be the first tournament to not be held in summer time in which it is usually held. It will take place from 21 November to 18 December 2022.

This is a document about Football in Qatar
  In 2010, Qatar won the bid to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup, becoming the first Arab country to host the tournament. Following a controversy over bidding, a report by FIFA cleared Qatar’s name from all allegations. In June 2019, the FIFA Council announced Qatar as the host of 2019 FIFA Club World Cup and 2020 FIFA Club World Cup.

This is a document about FIFA World Cup hosts
  done under an exhaustive ballot system. The decision is currently made roughly seven years in advance of the tournament, though the hosts for the 2022 tournament were chosen at the same time as those for the 2018 tournament. Only Mexico, Italy, France, Germany (West Germany until shortly after the 1990 World Cup) and Brazil have hosted the event on two occasions. Mexico City's Estadio Azteca and Rio de Janeiro's Maracanã are the only venues ever to have hosted two FIFA World Cup finals. Only the 2002 FIFA World Cup had more than one host, being split between Japan and South Korea, and in

This is a document about Al Janoub Stadium
  Qatar was chosen to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup in 2010. It would become the first Muslim-majority country and the first country in the Middle East to host the World Cup. Qatar previously did not have the sporting capability for the Cup, and as such 8 new stadiums are expected to be built to prepare for the Cup. The stadium was inaugurated on 16 May 2019, during the Amir Cup final between Al Sadd SC and Al-Duhail SC played in front of an audience of 38,678 people, making it the second stadium to be completed after Al Khalifa International Stadium. This match was attended by the Emir (head of state) of Qatar, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani. In December 2020, Al Janoub Stadium hosted the 2020 AFC Champions League Final.

This is a document about Japan 2022 FIFA World Cup bid
  The Japan 2022 FIFA World Cup bid is the second official bid from the Japan Football Association or the JFA. Had this bid been successful (the bid was won by Qatar), Japan would have been hosting their second World Cup Finals and it would have been their first solo hosting since they shared the 2002 FIFA World Cup with other co-host South Korea, becoming the sixth nation to host the tournament twice, after Italy, France, Mexico, Brazil and (West) Germany. On May 4, 2010, the Japanese Football Association Bid team decided to concentrate solely on winning the right to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup.

This is a document about 2023 AFC Asian Cup
  2022 FIFA World Cup qualifiers, Timor-Leste were still allowed to enter the competition, but were ineligible to qualify for the Asian Cup. Qualifying began on 6 June 2019 for 23 spots joining the host nation China. The tournament will take place in June and July 2023, moved from the typical January/February scheduling of the AFC Asian Cup due to the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar, which will take place in November and December 2022. North Korea withdrew from the qualifying round due to safety concerns related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Japan became the first team to qualify after hosts China, by defeating Myanmar 10–0.

This is a document about FIFA World Cup
  multiple future tournaments were announced at the same time, as was the case for the 2018 and 2022 World Cups, which were awarded to Russia and Qatar, with Qatar becoming the first Middle Eastern country to host the tournament. For the 2010 and 2014 World Cups, the final tournament is rotated between confederations, allowing only countries from the chosen confederation (Africa in 2010, South America in 2014) to bid to host the tournament. The rotation policy was introduced after the controversy surrounding Germany's victory over South Africa in the vote to host the 2006 tournament. However, the policy of continental rotation did not continue beyond 2014, so any country, except those belonging

This is a document about 2030 FIFA World Cup
  as of 2017, the 2030 World Cup cannot be held in Asia (AFC), as its members are excluded from the bidding following the selection of Qatar in 2022, and in North America (CONCACAF), where the 2026 edition will be hosted in Canada, Mexico and the United States. The joint bid by Argentina and Uruguay was announced on 29 July 2017. Before a match between Uruguay and Argentina in Montevideo four weeks later, Uruguay's Luis Suárez and Argentina's Lionel Messi – then teammates at FC Barcelona – promoted the bid with commemorative shirts. On 31 August 2017, it was suggested Paraguay would join as a third host. CONMEBOL, the South American confederation, confirmed the joint

This is a document about 2020 FIFA Club World Cup
  The matches were played at two venues in the city of Al Rayyan, with both of them set to host matches at the 2022 FIFA World Cup. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar, attendance was limited to only 30% of the stadiums' seating capacity. A third stadium, Khalifa International Stadium in the capital city Doha, would originally have hosted two matches, but following the withdrawal of Auckland City and the subsequent revision of the match schedule, it was not used for the tournament.

This is a document about FIFA World Cup hosts
  interest included Australia, England, Indonesia, Japan, Qatar, Russia, South Korea, United States, the joint bid of Spain and Portugal and the joint bid of Belgium and Netherlands. The hosts for both World Cups were announced by the FIFA Executive Committee on 2 December 2010. Russia was selected to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup, making it the first time that the World Cup will be hosted in Eastern Europe and making it the biggest country geographically to host the World Cup. Qatar was selected to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup, making it the first time a World Cup will be held in the Arab World and the second time in Asia since the 2002 tournament in South Korea and Japan. Also, the decision made it the smallest country geographically to host the World Cup.

This is a document about FIFA World Cup hosts
  joint bid from Uruguay and Argentina. The second bid has been a proposed bid by The Football Association of England. Under FIFA rules as of 2017 that prohibit the previous two confederations hosting the next world Cup, the 2030 World Cup cannot be held in Asia (AFC) because the Asian Football Confederation is excluded from the bidding following the selection of Qatar in 2022, nor in North America because the CONCACAF countries of the United States, Canada and Mexico will host the 2026 World Cup. Also in June 2017, UEFA's president Aleksander Čeferin stated that Europe (UEFA) will definitely fight for its right to host the 2030

This is a document about 2026 FIFA World Cup
  second-to-last host of the FIFA World Cup in the event that none of the received bids fulfill the strict technical and financial requirements. In March 2017, FIFA president Gianni Infantino confirmed that "Europe (UEFA) and Asia (AFC) are excluded from the bidding following the selection of Russia and Qatar in 2018 and 2022 respectively." Therefore, the 2026 World Cup could be hosted by one of the remaining four confederations: CONCACAF (North America; last hosted in 1994), CAF (Africa; last hosted in 2010), CONMEBOL (South America; last hosted in 2014), or OFC (Oceania, never hosted before), or potentially by UEFA in case no bid

Qatar is hosting the next FIFA World Cup in 2022.


Question: who plays the female doctor in doctor strange

Answer: Rachel McAdams

This is a document about Doctor Strange (2016 film)
  Doctor Strange is a 2016 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. Produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, it is the 14th film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was directed by Scott Derrickson from a screenplay he wrote with Jon Spaihts and C. Robert Cargill, and stars Benedict Cumberbatch as neurosurgeon Stephen Strange along with Chiwetel Ejiofor, Rachel McAdams, Benedict Wong, Michael Stuhlbarg, Benjamin Bratt, Scott Adkins, Mads Mikkelsen, and Tilda Swinton. In the film, Strange learns the mystic arts after a career-ending car crash. Various incarnations of a Doctor Strange film adaptation had been in development since the mid-1980s, until Paramount Pictures acquired the film rights in April 2005 on behalf of Marvel Studios. Thomas Dean Donnelly and Joshua Oppenheimer were brought on board in June 2010 to write a screenplay. In June

This is a document about The Baby-Sitters Club (2020 TV series)
  Alicia Silverstone and Mark Feuerstein joined the cast in August 2019. In March 2020, Sophie Grace, Malia Baker, Momona Tamada, Shay Rudolph and Xochitl Gomez joined the cast of the series. On March 18, 2021, it was reported that Kyndra Sanchez joined the cast as Dawn Schafer, replacing Gomez due to scheduling conflicts with Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness.

This is a document about What If... Doctor Strange Lost His Heart Instead of His Hands?
  Jeffrey Wright narrates the episode as the Watcher, with Marvel planning to have other characters in the series voiced by the actors who portrayed them in the MCU films. The episode stars returning Doctor Strange actors Benedict Cumberbatch as Dr. Stephen Strange as well as his evil counterpart which is referred to as Doctor Strange Supreme,  Rachel McAdams as Christine Palmer, Benedict Wong as Wong, and Tilda Swinton as the Ancient One. Leslie Bibb reprises her role of Christine Everhart from previous MCU media and Ike Amadi also stars in the episode as O'Bengh, which is a pseudonym used by the sorcerer Cagliostro in Marvel Comics. Dormammu also appears in a non-speaking role.

This is a document about Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness
  Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness is an upcoming American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Doctor Strange. Produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, it is intended to be the sequel to Doctor Strange (2016) and the 28th film of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film is directed by Sam Raimi from a script written by Jade Halley Bartlett and Michael Waldron, and stars Benedict Cumberbatch as Stephen Strange, alongside Benedict Wong, Rachel McAdams, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Elizabeth Olsen, and Xochitl Gomez. In the film, Strange unleashes an unspeakable evil as he faces a friend-turned-enemy. Doctor Strange director and co-writer Scott Derrickson had plans for a sequel by October 2016. He signed to return as director

This is a document about Karen Gillan
  Karen Sheila Gillan (born 28 November 1987) is a Scottish actress and filmmaker. Gillan gained recognition for her work in British film and television, particularly for playing Amy Pond, a primary companion to the Eleventh Doctor in the science fiction series Doctor Who (2010–2013), for which she received several awards and nominations. Her early film roles include Ally in the thriller film Outcast (2010) and Jane Lockhart in the romantic comedy film Not Another Happy Ending (2013). She made her transition to Hollywood starring as Kaylie Russell in the horror film Oculus (2013), her first commercial success in the United States, and thereafter played the lead in the sitcom Selfie (2014). Gillan subsequently achieved international stardom for portraying Nebula in the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero films Guardians of the Galaxy (2014), Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), and Avengers: Endgame

This is a document about Minami Tanaka (announcer)
 Doctor Strange (2017) – as the worrying doctor (Elizabeth Healey) ; Godzilla vs. Kong (2021) – as Maia Simmons (Eiza González)

This is a document about Pride (comics)
 Though not mentioned by name, Tina Minoru appears briefly in Doctor Strange, portrayed by Linda Louise Duan. She is depicted as being part of the Ancient One's sect.

This is a document about Night Nurse (comics)
 Christine Palmer appears in media set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), portrayed by Rachel McAdams.  This version is a fellow surgeon, ex-girlfriend, and ally of Stephen Strange. She first appears in the live-action film Doctor Strange (2016) and will return in Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness (2022). Additionally, McAdams voices an alternate timeline version of Palmer in the Disney+ animated series What If...? episode "What If... Doctor Strange Lost His Heart Instead of His Hands?". ; Elements of Linda Carter and the Night Nurse series were hybridized with Nurse Claire Temple, portrayed by Rosario Dawson. First appearing in the Netflix series

This is a document about Ancient One
  Tilda Swinton portrays a variation of the Ancient One in media set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. This version is depicted as an androgynous Celt to reflect the mystery of the character. She appears in the live-action film Doctor Strange (2016) while alternate timeline versions appear in the live-action film Avengers: Endgame (2019) and the Disney+ animated series What If...? episode "What If... Doctor Strange Lost His Heart Instead of His Hands?"

This is a document about The Elite (audio drama)
 The Doctor – Peter Davison ; Tegan – Janet Fielding ; Nyssa – Sarah Sutton ; Aubron – Joe Coen ; Thane – Ryan Sampson ; Alaric – Derek Carlyle ; Stemp – Joannah Tincey ; Garthak – John Banks ; Ella – Ellie Burrow ; High Priest – Arthur Wallis

This is a document about Thor: Ragnarok
  the danger she poses to the main characters. Benedict Cumberbatch reprises his role as Dr. Stephen Strange from the film Doctor Strange (2016) in a brief cameo. Rachel House, who has appeared in several of Waititi's films, plays Topaz, the Grandmaster's chief enforcer, while Waititi portrays Korg, a Kronan gladiator who befriends Thor. Waititi provided a motion-capture performance for the character, who is made of rocks, and wanted to do something different by having the character be soft-spoken, ultimately basing Korg's voice on that of Polynesian bouncers. Waititi also provided the motion-capture performance for the fire demon Surtur, based on

This is a document about Dreamland (Doctor Who)
 The Doctor – David Tennant ; Cassie Rice – Georgia Tennant ; Jimmy Stalkingwolf – Tim Howar ; Colonel Stark – Stuart Milligan ; Saruba Velak – Lisa Bowerman ; Rivesh Mantilax – Nicholas Rowe ; Lord Azlok – David Warner

This is a document about Phobos (audio drama)
 The Doctor — Paul McGann ; Lucie Miller — Sheridan Smith ; Amy/Headhunter — Katarina Olsson ; Kai Tobias — Timothy West ; Eris — Nerys Hughes ; Drew — Ben Silverstone ; Hayd — John Schwab ; Farl — Tim Sutton ; Lad – Jake McGann

This is a document about What If...? (TV series)
  in the series, including Angela Bassett as Ramonda, Benedict Cumberbatch as Dr. Stephen Strange and Doctor Strange Supreme, Benedict Wong as Wong, Benicio del Toro as Taneleer Tivan / The Collector, Bradley Whitford as John Flynn, Carrie Coon as Proxima Midnight, Clancy Brown as Surtur, Clark Gregg as Phil Coulson, Cobie Smulders as Maria Hill, Danai Gurira as Okoye, Don Cheadle as James Rhodes, Emily VanCamp as Sharon Carter, Evangeline Lilly as Hope van Dyne, Georges St-Pierre as Georges Batroc, Jaimie Alexander as Sif, John Kani as T'Chaka, Jon Favreau as Harold "Happy" Hogan / Zombie Happy, Kat Dennings as Darcy Lewis,

This is a document about Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness
 Benedict Cumberbatch as Dr. Stephen Strange: Benedict Wong as Wong: The Sorcerer Supreme and Strange's mentor and friend tasked with protecting Kamar-Taj's most valuable relics and books. ; Rachel McAdams as Dr. Christine Palmer: An emergency surgeon who was a colleague and lover of Strange. ; Chiwetel Ejiofor as Karl Mordo: A former Master of the Mystic Arts and mentor-turned-enemy of Strange, who is hunting other sorcerers. ; Elizabeth Olsen as Wanda Maximoff / Scarlet Witch: Xochitl Gomez as America Chavez  A neurosurgeon who became a Master of the Mystic Arts following a career-ending car accident. Writer Michael Waldron compared Strange to Indiana Jones as a hero who can "take a punch", but with the intellect of chef Anthony Bourdain, and added he is a "great adventure hero you just like to watch

This is a document about Blood of the Daleks
 The Doctor — Paul McGann ; Lucie Miller — Sheridan Smith ; Computer/Headhunter — Katarina Olsson ; Eileen Klint — Anita Dobson ; Tom Cardwell — Kenneth Cranham ; Asha/Martez — Hayley Atwell ; Lowell — Gerry O'Toole ; Daleks — Nicholas Briggs

This is a document about Red (audio drama)
 The Doctor — Sylvester McCoy ; Mel — Bonnie Langford ; Nuane — Denise Hoey ; Leterel — Ann Jenkins ; Chief Blue — Sean Oliver ; Draun — Peter Rae ; Celia Fortunaté — Kellie Ryan ; Whitenoise — John Stahl ; Vi Yulquen — Sandi Toksvig ; Uviol — Steven Wickham

This is a document about Army of Death
 The Doctor - Paul McGann ; Mary Shelley - Julie Cox ; President Vallan - David Harewood ; Lady Meera - Carolyn Pickles ; Nia Brusk - Eva Pope ; Commander Raynar/Karnex - Mitch Benn ; Sherla/Baden/Tox - Joanna Christie ; Captain Maddox/Stennan/Sentries - Trevor Cooper

This is a document about Cobwebs (audio drama)
 The Doctor – Peter Davison ; Tegan Jovanka – Janet Fielding ; Nyssa – Sarah Sutton ; Vislor Turlough – Mark Strickson ; Director Cardell/Ship's Computer – Helen Griffin ; Loki/Edgar/Hawks – Raymond Coulthard ; Enforcement Officer Bragg – Adrian Lukis ; Bio Technician Valis/Echelon – Charlotte Lucas

This is a document about Doctor Strange (2016 film)
 Benedict Cumberbatch as Dr. Stephen Strange: Chiwetel Ejiofor as Karl Mordo: Rachel McAdams as Christine Palmer: Benedict Wong as Wong: Michael Stuhlbarg as Nicodemus West: A rival surgeon to Strange. ; Benjamin Bratt as Jonathan Pangborn: A paraplegic who learned from the Ancient One how to heal himself through the mystic arts. ; Scott Adkins as Lucian: One of Kaecilius' followers. ; Mads Mikkelsen as Kaecilius: Tilda Swinton as the Ancient One:  A neurosurgeon who, after a car crash that led to a journey of healing, discovers the hidden world of magic and alternate dimensions. Cumberbatch described Strange as arrogant,

Rachel McAdams plays the female doctor, Dr. Christine Palmer, in the Doctor Strange film.


Question: which term refers to linking a currency value to the value of gold

Answer: gold specie standard

This is a document about Gold points
  Gold points was a term which referred to the rates of foreign exchange likely to cause movements of gold between countries adhering to the gold standard.

This is a document about Bretton Woods system
  At this rate, foreign governments and central banks could exchange dollars for gold. Bretton Woods established a system of payments based on the dollar, which defined all currencies in relation to the dollar, itself convertible into gold, and above all, "as good as gold" for trade. U.S. currency was now effectively the world currency, the standard to which every other currency was pegged. As the world's key currency, most international transactions were denominated in U.S. dollars. The U.S. dollar was the currency with the most purchasing power and it was the only currency that was backed by gold. Additionally, all European nations that had been involved in World War II were highly in debt and

This is a document about Inflation
  Under a fixed exchange rate currency regime, a country's currency is tied in value to another single currency or to a basket of other currencies (or sometimes to another measure of value, such as gold). A fixed exchange rate is usually used to stabilize the value of a currency, vis-a-vis the currency it is pegged to. It can also be used as a means to control inflation. However, as the value of the reference currency rises and falls, so does the currency pegged to it. This essentially means that the inflation rate in the fixed exchange rate country is determined by the inflation rate of the country the currency is pegged to. In addition, a fixed exchange rate prevents a government

This is a document about Exchange rate regime
 Floating (or flexible) exchange rate regime exist where exchange rates are determined solely by market forces and often manipulated by open-market operations. Countries do have the ability to influence their floating currency from activities such as buying/selling currency reserves, changing interest rates, and through foreign trade agreements. ; Fixed (or pegged) exchange rate regimes, exist when a country sets the value of its home currency directly proportional to the value of another currency or commodity. For years many currencies were fixed (or pegged) to gold. If the value of gold rose, the value of the currency fixed to gold would also rise. Today, many currencies are fixed (pegged) to floating currencies from major nations. Many countries fixed their currency value to the U.S. Dollar, the Euro, or the British Pound. An exchange rate regime

This is a document about Linked exchange rate system in Hong Kong
 The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited; ; the Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong) Limited; and ; the Bank of China (Hong Kong) Limited. A linked exchange rate system is a type of exchange rate regime that pegs the exchange rate of one currency to another. It is the exchange rate system implemented in Hong Kong to stabilise the exchange rate between the Hong Kong dollar (HKD) and the United States dollar (USD). The Macao pataca (MOP) is similarly linked to the Hong Kong dollar. Unlike a fixed exchange rate system, the government or central bank does not actively interfere in the foreign exchange market by controlling supply and demand of the currency in order to influence the exchange rate. The exchange rate is instead stabilized by an exchange mechanism, whereby the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) authorises note-issuing banks to issue new banknotes provided that they deposit an equivalent value of US dollars with the HKMA. The Government, through the HKMA, authorises three commercial banks to issue banknotes: Notes (HK$10 only) are also issued by the HKMA itself because of the continuing demand for small value notes among the public.

This is a document about Forward contract
 pays income, and if so whether this is on a discrete or continuous basis ; incurs storage costs ; is regarded as ; an investment asset, i.e. an asset held primarily for investment purposes (e.g. gold, financial securities); ; or a consumption asset, i.e. an asset held primarily for consumption (e.g. oil, iron ore etc.) ''' For liquid assets ("tradeables"), spot–forward parity provides the link between the spot market and the forward market. It describes the relationship between the spot and forward price of the underlying asset in a forward contract. While the overall effect can be described as the cost of carry, this effect can be broken down into different components, specifically whether the asset:

This is a document about Euro Currency Index
  a falling index in contrast, a devaluation. Relationships to commodity indices are recognizable. A rising Euro Currency Index means a tendency of falling commodity prices. This is especially true for agricultural commodities and the price of oil. Even the prices of precious metals (gold and silver) are correlated with the index. Arithmetically weighted Euro Currency Index is comparable to the trade-weighted Euro Effective exchange rate index of the European Central Bank (ECB). The index of ECB measures much more accurately the value of the Euro, compared to the Euro Currency Index, since the competitiveness of European goods in comparison to other countries and trading partners is included in it.

This is a document about Fixed exchange rate system
  A fixed exchange rate, often called a pegged exchange rate, is a type of exchange rate regime in which a currency's value is fixed or pegged by a monetary authority against the value of another currency, a basket of other currencies, or another measure of value, such as gold. There are benefits and risks to using a fixed exchange rate system. A fixed exchange rate is typically used to stabilize the exchange rate of a currency by directly fixing its value in a predetermined ratio to a different, more stable, or more internationally prevalent currency (or currencies) to which the currency is pegged. In doing

This is a document about Gold points
  In accordance with the law of supply and demand, the concept determined that the fluctuating limits of currency fixed the cost of money between the place where the bill was drawn and that in where it was payable. In the exchanges rates between gold-standard countries, these limits were known as the gold points, for the reason that, if the price of foreign bills rose above the upper limits determined by the exchange rate, countries would find it cheaper to export gold than to export bills for the purpose of settling international accounts. Conversely, if the exchange rate fell below the lower limit of the determined rate, countries would find it cheaper to import gold than to sell bills to foreign creditors.

This is a document about Das Kapital, Volume I
  =As a measure of value and a standard of price, money performs two functions. First, it is the measure of value as the social incarnation of human labour. Second, it serves as a standard of price as a quantity of metal with a fixed weight. As in any case, where quantities of the same denomination are to be measured the stability of the measurement is of the utmost importance. Hence, the less the unit of measurement is subject to variations, the better it fulfills its role. Metallic currency can only serve as a measure of value because it is itself a product of human labour. Commodities with definite prices appear in this form: a commodity A = x gold; b commodity B = y gold; c commodity C = z gold, etc., where a, b, c represent definite quantities of the commodities A, B, C and x, y, z definite quantities of gold. In spite of the varieties of commodities, their values become magnitudes of the same denomination, namely gold-magnitudes. Since these commodities are all magnitudes of gold, they are comparable and interchangeable.

This is a document about Exchange rate
   There is a market convention that rules the notation used to communicate the fixed and variable currencies in a quotation. For example, in a conversion from EUR to AUD, EUR is the fixed currency, AUD is the variable currency and the exchange rate indicates how many Australian dollars would be paid or received for 1 euro. In some areas of Europe and in the retail market in the United Kingdom, EUR and GBP are reversed so that GBP is quoted as the fixed currency to the euro. In order to determine which is the fixed currency when neither currency is

This is a document about Inflation
  major currencies were tied at fixed rates to the US dollar, which itself was tied by the US government to gold at the rate of US$35 per ounce. The Bretton Woods system broke down in 1971, causing most countries to switch to fiat money – money backed only by the laws of the country. Under a gold standard, the long term rate of inflation (or deflation) would be determined by the growth rate of the supply of gold relative to total output. Critics argue that this will cause arbitrary fluctuations in the inflation rate, and that monetary policy would essentially be determined by gold mining.

This is a document about Gold as an investment
   Gold has been used throughout history as money and has been a relative standard for currency equivalents specific to economic regions or countries, until recent times. Many European countries implemented gold standards in the latter part of the 19th century until these were temporarily suspended in the financial crises involving World War I. After World War II, the Bretton Woods system pegged the United States dollar to gold at a rate of US$35 per troy ounce. The system existed until the 1971 Nixon Shock, when the US unilaterally suspended the direct convertibility of the United States dollar to gold and made the transition to a fiat currency system. The last major currency to be divorced from gold was the Swiss Franc in 2000. Since 1919 the most common benchmark for the price of gold has been the London gold fixing, a twice-daily telephone meeting of representatives from five bullion-trading firms of the London bullion market. Furthermore, gold is traded continuously throughout the world based on the intra-day spot price, derived from over-the-counter gold-trading markets around the world (code "XAU"). The following table sets out the gold price versus various assets and key statistics at five-year intervals.

This is a document about Exchange rate regime
  A fixed exchange rate regime, sometimes called a pegged exchange rate regime, is one in which a monetary authority pegs its currency's exchange rate to another currency, a basket of other currencies or to another measure of value (such as gold), and may allow the rate to fluctuate within a narrow range. To maintain the exchange rate within that range, a country's monetary authority usually needs to intervenes in the foreign exchange market. A movement in the peg rate is called either revaluation or devaluation. Currency board Currency board is an exchange rate regime in which a country's exchange rate

This is a document about DiShIn
  For example, palladium, platinum, silver and gold are considered to be precious metals, and silver, gold and copper considered to be coinage metals. Thus, we have: metal /    \            precious       coinage /   |  \ \     / /  \          /     |   \  gold /    \ palladium platinum  silver  copper When calculating the semantic similarity between platinum and gold, DiShIn starts by calculating the number of paths difference for all their common ancestors: gold -> coinage -> metal gold -> precious -> metal platinum -> precious -> metal gold -> precious platinum -> precious For metal we have two paths from gold and one from platinum, so

This is a document about Fixed exchange rate system
  currency strong enough to meet the rising demands for international currency transactions, and so the United States agreed both to link the dollar to gold at the rate of $35 per ounce of gold and to convert dollars into gold at that price. Due to concerns about America's rapidly deteriorating payments situation and massive flight of liquid capital from the U.S., President Richard Nixon suspended the convertibility of the dollar into gold on 15 August 1971. In December 1971, the Smithsonian Agreement paved the way for the increase in the value of the dollar price of gold from US$35.50 to US$38 an ounce. Speculation against the dollar in March 1973 led to the birth of the independent float, thus effectively terminating the Bretton Woods system.

This is a document about United States dollar
  Act of 1900 linked the dollar solely to gold. From 1934 its equivalence to gold was revised to $35 per troy ounce. Since 1971 all links to gold have been repealed. The U.S. dollar became an important international reserve currency after the First World War, and displaced the pound sterling as the world's primary reserve currency by the Bretton Woods Agreement towards the end of the Second World War. The dollar is the most widely used currency in international transactions. It is also the official currency in several countries and the de facto currency in many others, with Federal Reserve Notes (and, in a few cases, U.S. coins) used in circulation. As of February 10, 2021, currency in circulation amounted to US$2.10 trillion, US$2.05 trillion of which is in Federal Reserve Notes (the remaining US$50 billion is in the form of coins and older-style United States Notes).

This is a document about Currency pair
  A currency pair is the dyadic quotation of the relative value of a currency unit against the unit of another currency in the foreign exchange market. The currency that is used as the reference is called the counter currency, quote currency, or currency and the currency that is quoted in relation is called the base currency or transaction currency. Currency pairs are generally written by concatenating the ISO currency codes (ISO 4217) of the base currency and the counter currency, and then separating the two codes with a slash. Alternatively the slash may be omitted, or replaced by either a dot or a dash. A widely traded currency pair is the relation of the euro against the US dollar, designated as EUR/USD. The quotation EUR/USD 1.2500 means that one euro is exchanged for 1.2500 US dollars. Here, EUR is the base currency and USD is the quote currency (counter currency). This means that 1 Euro can be exchangeable to 1.25 US Dollars. The most traded currency pairs in the world are called the Majors. They involve the currencies euro, US dollar, Japanese yen, pound sterling, Australian dollar, Canadian dollar, and the Swiss franc.

This is a document about Inflation
   The gold standard is a monetary system in which a region's common medium of exchange is paper notes (or other monetary token) that are normally freely convertible into pre-set, fixed quantities of gold. The standard specifies how the gold backing would be implemented, including the amount of specie per currency unit. The currency itself has no innate value, but is accepted by traders because it can be redeemed for the equivalent specie. A U.S. silver certificate, for example, could be redeemed for an actual piece of silver. The gold standard was partially abandoned via the international adoption of the Bretton Woods system. Under this system all

This is a document about Carbon quantitative easing
  CQE and the associated carbon standard are analogous to the gold standard under the Bretton Woods system. This is because both standards are designed to link the value of national fiat currencies to the management of specific chemical elements that play a pivotal role in the organisation of an industrialised global civilisation.

The term "gold standard" refers to linking a currency value to the value of gold.


Question: who developed the first alternating current electric system

Answer: Nikola Tesla

This is a document about Alternator
  Alternating current generating systems were known in simple forms from the discovery of the magnetic induction of electric current in the 1830s. Rotating generators naturally produced alternating current but, since there was little use for it, it was normally converted into direct current via the addition of a commutator in the generator. The early machines were developed by pioneers such as Michael Faraday and Hippolyte Pixii. Faraday developed the "rotating rectangle", whose operation was heteropolar – each active conductor passed successively through regions where the magnetic field was in opposite directions. Lord Kelvin and Sebastian Ferranti also developed early alternators, producing frequencies between 100 and 300

This is a document about Alternating current
  The first alternator to produce alternating current was a dynamo electric generator based on Michael Faraday's principles constructed by the French instrument maker Hippolyte Pixii in 1832. Pixii later added a commutator to his device to produce the (then) more commonly used direct current. The earliest recorded practical application of alternating current is by Guillaume Duchenne, inventor and developer of electrotherapy. In 1855, he announced that AC was superior to direct current for electrotherapeutic triggering of muscle contractions. Alternating current technology was developed further by the Hungarian Ganz Works company (1870s), and in the 1880s: Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti, Lucien Gaulard,

This is a document about AC motor
  Alternating current technology was rooted in Michael Faraday's and Joseph Henry's 1830–31 discovery that a changing magnetic field can induce an electric current in a circuit. Faraday is usually given credit for this discovery since he published his findings first. In 1832, French instrument maker Hippolyte Pixii generated a crude form of alternating current when he designed and built the first alternator. It consisted of a revolving horseshoe magnet passing over two wound-wire coils. Because of AC's advantages in long-distance high voltage transmission, there were many inventors in the United States and Europe during the late 19th century trying to develop workable AC motors.

This is a document about Alternating current
  an early transformer. Stanley also worked on engineering and adapting European designs such as the Gaulard and Gibbs transformer for US entrepreneur George Westinghouse who started building AC systems in 1886. The spread of Westinghouse and other AC systems triggered a push back in late 1887 by Thomas Edison (a proponent of direct current) who attempted to discredit alternating current as too dangerous in a public campaign called the "war of the currents". In 1888, alternating current systems gained further viability with introduction of a functional AC motor, something these systems had lacked up till then. The design, an induction motor, was independently invented by

This is a document about Electrification
  Although the first power stations supplied direct current, the distribution of alternating current soon became the most favored option. The main advantages of AC were that it could be transformed to high voltage to reduce transmission losses and that AC motors could easily run at constant speeds. Alternating current technology was rooted in Michael Faraday's 1830–31 discovery that a changing magnetic field can induce an electric current in a circuit. The first person to conceive of a rotating magnetic field was Walter Baily who gave a workable demonstration of his battery-operated polyphase motor aided by a commutator on June 28, 1879 to the Physical Society of London. Nearly identical to Baily’s apparatus, French

This is a document about Electrical engineering
  electrical engineering programs to their students all over the world. During these decades use of electrical engineering increased dramatically. In 1882, Thomas Edison switched on the world's first large-scale electric power network that provided 110 volts — direct current (DC) — to 59 customers on Manhattan Island in New York City. In 1884, Sir Charles Parsons invented the steam turbine allowing for more efficient electric power generation. Alternating current, with its ability to transmit power more efficiently over long distances via the use of transformers, developed rapidly in the 1880s and 1890s with transformer designs by Károly Zipernowsky, Ottó Bláthy and Miksa Déri

This is a document about Electric power transmission
  alternating current lighting system would lead Westinghouse to begin installing AC based systems later that year. 1888 saw designs for a functional AC motor, something these systems had lacked up till then. These were induction motors running on polyphase current, independently invented by Galileo Ferraris and Nikola Tesla (with Tesla's design being licensed by Westinghouse in the US). This design was further developed into the modern practical three-phase form by Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky and Charles Eugene Lancelot Brown. Practical use of these types of motors would be delayed many years by development problems and the scarcity of poly-phase power systems needed to power them. The late 1880s and

This is a document about War of the currents
   Alternating current had been under development with contributions by Guillaume Duchenne (1850s), the dynamo work of Zénobe Gramme, Ganz Works (1870s), Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti (1880s), Lucien Gaulard, and Galileo Ferraris. Starting in the 1880s alternating current gained its key advantage over direct current with the development of functional transformers that allowed the voltage to be "stepped up" to much higher transmission voltages and then dropped down to a lower end user voltage for business and residential use. The high voltages allowed a central generating station to supply a large area, up to 7 mi long circuits. Using induction coils to transfer power between electrical circuits had been around for 40 years with Pavel Yablochkov using them in his lighting system in 1876 and Lucien Gaulard and John Dixon Gibbs using

This is a document about Electric generator
  Through a series of discoveries, the dynamo was succeeded by many later inventions, especially the AC alternator, which was capable of generating alternating current. It is commonly known to be the Synchronous Generators (SGs). The synchronous machines are directly connected to the grid and need to be properly synchronized during startup. Moreover, they are excited with special control to enhance the stability of the power system. Alternating current generating systems were known in simple forms from Michael Faraday's original discovery of the magnetic induction of electric current. Faraday himself built an early alternator. His machine was a "rotating rectangle", whose operation was heteropolar - each active conductor passed successively through regions where the magnetic field was in opposite directions. Large two-phase alternating current generators were built by a British electrician, J.E.H. Gordon, in 1882. The first public demonstration of an "alternator system" was given

This is a document about Power engineering
  generator and set his engineers to experimenting with them in the hopes of improving them for use in a commercial power system. One of Westinghouse's engineers, William Stanley, recognised the problem with connecting transformers in series as opposed to parallel and also realised that making the iron core of a transformer a fully enclosed loop would improve the voltage regulation of the secondary winding. Using this knowledge he built the world's first practical transformer based alternating current power system at Great Barrington, Massachusetts in 1886. In 1885 the Italian physicist and electrical engineer Galileo Ferraris demonstrated an induction motor and in 1887 and 1888 the Serbian-American engineer Nikola Tesla

This is a document about Electric power industry
  to overwhelm the enormous technical and economic advantages of alternating current which eventually won out. The AC power system used today developed rapidly, backed by industrialists such as George Westinghouse with Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky, Galileo Ferraris, Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti, Lucien Gaulard, John Dixon Gibbs, Carl Wilhelm Siemens, William Stanley Jr., Nikola Tesla, and others contributed to this field. Power electronics is the application of solid-state electronics to the control and conversion of electric power. Power electronics started with the development of the mercury arc rectifier in 1902, used to convert AC into DC. From the 1920s on, research continued on applying thyratrons and grid-controlled

This is a document about Electric motor
  In 1824, French physicist François Arago formulated the existence of rotating magnetic fields, termed Arago's rotations, which, by manually turning switches on and off, Walter Baily demonstrated in 1879 as in effect the first primitive induction motor. In the 1880s many inventors were trying to develop workable AC motors because AC's advantages in long-distance high-voltage transmission were offset by the inability to operate motors on AC. The first alternating-current commutatorless induction motor was invented by Galileo Ferraris in 1885. Ferraris was able to improve his first design by producing more advanced setups in 1886. In 1888, the Royal Academy of

This is a document about George Westinghouse
   Westinghouse's interests in gas distribution and telephone switching led him to become interested in the then-new field of electrical power distribution in the early 1880s. Electric lighting was a growing business with many companies building outdoor direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) arc lighting based street lighting systems. At the same time, Thomas Edison was launching the first DC electric utility designed to light homes and businesses with his patented incandescent bulb. In 1884, Westinghouse started developing his own DC domestic lighting system and hired physicist William Stanley to work on it. Westinghouse became aware of the new European alternating current systems in 1885 when he read about them

This is a document about Electrochemistry
  Understanding of electrical matters began in the sixteenth century. During this century, the English scientist William Gilbert spent 17 years experimenting with magnetism and, to a lesser extent, electricity. For his work on magnets, Gilbert became known as the "Father of Magnetism." He discovered various methods for producing and strengthening magnets. In 1663, the German physicist Otto von Guericke created the first electric generator, which produced static electricity by applying friction in the machine. The generator was made of a large sulfur ball cast inside a glass globe, mounted on a shaft. The ball was rotated by means of a crank and

This is a document about Electric generator
   A coil of wire rotating in a magnetic field produces a current which changes direction with each 180° rotation, an alternating current (AC). However many early uses of electricity required direct current (DC). In the first practical electric generators, called dynamos, the AC was converted into DC with a commutator, a set of rotating switch contacts on the armature shaft. The commutator reversed the connection of the armature winding to the circuit every 180° rotation of the shaft, creating a pulsing DC current. One of the first dynamos was built by Hippolyte Pixii in 1832. The dynamo was the first electrical generator capable of

This is a document about Power engineering
  Electricity became a subject of scientific interest in the late 17th century. Over the next two centuries a number of important discoveries were made including the incandescent light bulb and the voltaic pile. Probably the greatest discovery with respect to power engineering came from Michael Faraday who in 1831 discovered that a change in magnetic flux induces an electromotive force in a loop of wire—a principle known as electromagnetic induction that helps explain how generators and transformers work. In 1881 two electricians built the world's first power station at Godalming in England. The station employed two waterwheels to produce an alternating current that was used to supply seven Siemens arc

This is a document about Science and technology in the United States
  who came from Germany in 1889, developed new alternating-current electrical systems at General Electric Company, and Vladimir Zworykin, an immigrant from Russia in 1919 arrived in the States bringing his knowledge of x-rays and cathode ray tubes and later won his first patent on a television system he invented. The Serbian Nikola Tesla went to the United States in 1884, and would later adapt the principle of the rotating magnetic field in the development of an alternating current induction motor and polyphase system for the generation, transmission, distribution and use of electrical power. Into the early 1900s, Europe remained the center of science

This is a document about Alternating current
  electromagnetic cores. Ottó Bláthy also invented the first AC electricity meter. The AC power system was developed and adopted rapidly after 1886 due to its ability to distribute electricity efficiently over long distances, overcoming the limitations of the direct current system. In 1886, the ZBD engineers designed the world's first power station that used AC generators to power a parallel-connected common electrical network, the steam-powered Rome-Cerchi power plant. The reliability of the AC technology received impetus after the Ganz Works electrified a large European metropolis: Rome in 1886. In the UK, Sebastian de Ferranti, who had been developing AC generators and transformers in London since

This is a document about Direct current
   Direct current was produced in 1800 by Italian physicist Alessandro Volta's battery, his Voltaic pile. The nature of how current flowed was not yet understood. French physicist André-Marie Ampère conjectured that current travelled in one direction from positive to negative. When French instrument maker Hippolyte Pixii built the first dynamo electric generator in 1832, he found that as the magnet used passed the loops of wire each half turn, it caused the flow of electricity to reverse, generating an alternating current. At Ampère's suggestion, Pixii later added a commutator, a type of "switch" where contacts on the shaft work with "brush" contacts to produce direct current. The late 1870s and early 1880s saw electricity starting to be generated at power stations. These were initially set up to power arc lighting (a popular type of street lighting) running on very high voltage (usually higher than 3000 volt) direct current

This is a document about Electrification
  engineer Marcel Deprez in 1880 published a paper that identified the rotating magnetic field principle and that of a two-phase AC system of currents to produce it. In 1886, English engineer Elihu Thomson built an AC motor by expanding upon the induction-repulsion principle and his wattmeter. It was in the 1880s that the technology was commercially developed for large scale electricity generation and transmission. In 1882 the British inventor and electrical engineer Sebastian de Ferranti, working for the company Siemens collaborated with the distinguished physicist Lord Kelvin to pioneer AC power technology including an early transformer. A power transformer developed by Lucien Gaulard and John Dixon Gibbs was demonstrated in London in

Michael Faraday and Joseph Henry are credited with independently discovering the principle of electromagnetic induction, which is the basis for alternating current (AC) systems. However, the first practical AC generator was built by Hippolyte Pixii in 1832, and the first AC motor was developed by Galileo Ferraris in 1885. The first AC power system was built by Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse in the late 1880s.


Question: what is the name of the tower big ben is in

Answer: Elizabeth Tower

This is a document about Big Ben
  Big Ben is the nickname for the Great Bell of the striking clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster, although the name is frequently extended to refer also to the clock and the clock tower. The official name of the tower in which Big Ben is located was originally the Clock Tower, but it was renamed Elizabeth Tower in 2012, to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II. The tower was designed by Augustus Pugin in a neo-Gothic style. When completed in 1859, its clock was the largest and most accurate four-faced striking and chiming clock in the world. The tower stands 316 ft tall, and the climb from ground level to the belfry is 334 steps. Its base is square, measuring 40 ft on each side. Dials of

This is a document about Palace of Westminster
  spread over 12 floors; these include the master copies of all Acts of Parliament since 1497, and important manuscripts such as the original Bill of Rights and the death warrant of King Charles I. At the top of the cast-iron pyramidal roof is a 22 m flagstaff, from which flies the Royal Standard (the monarch's personal flag) when the Sovereign is present in the Palace. On all other days the Union Flag flies from the mast.  At the north end of the Palace rises the most famous of the towers, Elizabeth Tower, commonly known as Big Ben. At 96 m, it is only slightly shorter than Victoria Tower but

This is a document about Palace of Westminster
  The exterior of the Palace of Westminster—especially the Elizabeth Tower which houses the bell known as Big Ben, and its setting on the bank of the River Thames—is recognised worldwide, and is one of the most visited tourist attractions in London. Tsar Nicholas I called it "a dream in stone". The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) classifies the Palace of Westminster, along with neighbouring Westminster Abbey and St Margaret's, as a World Heritage Site. It is also a Grade I listed building. Although there is no casual access to the interior of the Palace, there are several ways to gain admittance. UK residents may obtain tickets from an

This is a document about Big Ben
  clock are 22.5 ft in diameter. All four nations of the UK are represented on the tower on shields featuring a rose for England, thistle for Scotland, shamrock for Northern Ireland, and leek for Wales. On 31 May 2009, celebrations were held to mark the tower's 150th anniversary. Big Ben is the largest of the tower's five bells and weighs 13.5 LT. It was the largest bell in the United Kingdom for 23 years. The origin of the bell's nickname is open to question; it may be named after Sir Benjamin Hall, who oversaw its installation, or heavyweight boxing champion Benjamin Caunt. Four quarter bells chime at 15, 30 and 45 minutes past the hour and just before Big Ben tolls on the hour. The clock uses its original Victorian mechanism, but

This is a document about Augustus Pugin
  commissions received by Decimus declined, although Decimus retained a close friendship with the aristocrats amongst his patrons, who continued to commission him. At the end of Pugin's life, in February 1852, Barry visited him in Ramsgate and Pugin supplied a detailed design for the iconic Palace clock tower, in 2012 dubbed the Elizabeth Tower but popularly known as Big Ben. The design is very close to earlier designs by Pugin, including an unbuilt scheme for Scarisbrick Hall, Lancashire. The tower was Pugin's last design before descending into madness. In her biography, Hill quotes Pugin as writing of what is probably his best-known building: "I never

This is a document about List of clock towers
 Bank Hall Clock Tower, Bretherton, Lancashire, England ; Central Hotel, Glasgow, Scotland ; City Hall, Cardiff, Wales ; City Hall, Norwich, England ; Civic Centre, Southampton, England ; Clock Tower, Brighton, England ; Clock Tower, Malvern, England ; Clock Tower, Knighton, Wales ; Clock Tower, Clevedon, England ; Clock Tower, Epsom, Surrey, England ; Clock Tower, Herne Bay, Kent, England - probably oldest in the UK ; Clock tower, Redcar, North Yorkshire, England ; Clock tower, Surbiton, London, England ; Nottingham Council House, England ; Colchester Clock Tower, Colchester, England ; Elizabeth Tower (formerly St Stephen's Tower), Palace of Westminster, London, England (Big Ben is the name of the bell inside)

This is a document about Big Ben
  The main bell, officially known as the Great Bell but better known as Big Ben, is the largest bell in the tower and part of the Great Clock of Westminster. It sounds an E-natural. The original bell was a 16 ton (16.3-tonne) hour bell, cast on 6 August 1856 in Stockton-on-Tees by John Warner & Sons. It is thought that the bell was originally to be called Victoria or Royal Victoria in honour of Queen Victoria, but that an MP suggested the bell's current nickname of "Big Ben" during a Parliamentary debate; the comment is not recorded in Hansard. Since the tower was not yet finished, the bell was mounted in New Palace Yard but, during testing, it cracked

This is a document about ArcelorMittal Orbit
  other London landmarks. It was described as being "slightly taller" or "nearly 20 m taller" than the Big Ben clock tower, the centrepiece of the Palace of Westminster. It was also described as being "twice as tall" or "more than double the height" of Nelson's Column, the monument honouring Admiral Nelson in Trafalgar Square. Other reports described how it was "just short of" or "almost as tall as" the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt, the ancient tomb of the Pharaoh Khufu. Big Ben is 96.3 m tall, Nelson's Column is 51.5 m tall, including statue and column. The Giza Pyramid was thought to have been constructed as 280 Egyptian cubits or 146.478 m tall, although with erosion it has reduced in height by nearly 10 metres.

This is a document about Marta Minujín
  Minujín went on to make a second Parthenon of Banned Books in Kassel, Germany. Arranging 100,000 banned books into a replica of the Parthenon in Athens, Minujín honors those books that were censored and subsequently burned by the Nazis in the 1930s and 1940s. Similarly to the 1983 Parthenon, the books were distributed to people around the world when the work was dismantled. In 2021 Minujín was responsible for making a half-size horizontal replica called Big Ben Lying Down of London's iconic Elizabeth Tower (often called "Big Ben" after its Great Bell), to be exhibited from 1-18 July in Piccadilly Gardens, Manchester, England

This is a document about Big Ben
  The origin of the nickname Big Ben is the subject of some debate. The nickname was applied first to the Great Bell; it may have been named after Sir Benjamin Hall, who oversaw the installation of the Great Bell, or after English heavyweight boxing champion Benjamin Caunt. Now Big Ben is often used, by extension, to refer to the clock, the tower and the bell collectively, although the nickname is not universally accepted as referring to the clock and tower. Some authors of works about the tower, clock and bell sidestep the issue by using the words Big Ben first in the title, then going on to clarify that the subject of the book is the clock and tower as well as the bell.

This is a document about Ben Caunt
  Caunt died of pneumonia on 10 September 1861 at an address in St Martin's Lane in London. He is buried outside the north transept of the Parish Church of St Mary Magdalene in Hucknall close to the grave of his two children who died in the Coach and Horses fire. It is said that Big Ben, the hour bell of the clock-tower of the Palace of Westminster, is named after this English Heavyweight Champion. The origin of the name is contested with Westminster's Chief Lord of the Woods and Forests, Sir Benjamin Hall. A large and ponderous man known affectionately in the House

This is a document about List of tourist attractions in the City of Westminster
 Palace of Westminster (Houses of Parliament) ; Big Ben ; Jewel Tower ; Westminster Abbey ; Westminster Abbey Museum ; St Margaret's, Westminster ; Methodist Central Hall Westminster

This is a document about Whitechapel Bell Foundry
   The Whitechapel Bell Foundry was a business in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. At the time of the closure of its Whitechapel premises, it was the oldest manufacturing company in Great Britain. The bell foundry primarily made church bells and their fittings and accessories, although it also provided single tolling bells, carillon bells and handbells. The foundry was notable for being the original manufacturer of the Liberty Bell, a famous symbol of American independence, and for re-casting Big Ben, which rings from the north clock tower (the Elizabeth Tower) at the Houses of Parliament in London. The Whitechapel premises are a Grade II* listed building. The

This is a document about Palace of Westminster
  long and the minute hand 4.3 m. The Clock Tower was designed by Augustus Pugin and built after his death. Charles Barry asked Pugin to design the clock tower because Pugin had previously helped Barry design the Palace. In a 2012 BBC Four documentary, Richard Taylor gives a description of Pugin's Clock Tower: Five bells hang in the belfry above the clock. The four quarter bells strike the Westminster Chimes every quarter-hour. The largest bell strikes the hours; officially called The Great Bell of Westminster, it is generally referred to as Big Ben, a nickname of uncertain origins which, over time, has been colloquially applied to the whole tower.

This is a document about Bell
  British Isles, after The Olympic Bell (used at the opening of the 2012 Olympic Games), Great Paul (St Paul's Cathedral, City of London) and Great George (Liverpool Cathedral). Big Ben is the hour bell of the Great Clock in the Elizabeth Tower (formerly called the Clock Tower) at the Palace of Westminster, the Houses of Parliament. ; The Dom Tower in the city of Utrecht, the Netherlands, houses the Salvator, weighing 8.2 tons and cast in 1505 by Geert van Wou. ; Great Tom is the bell that hangs in Tom Tower (designed by Christopher Wren) of Christ Church,

This is a document about Palace of Westminster
  the centres of political life in the United Kingdom; "Westminster" has become a metonym for the UK Parliament and the British Government, and the Westminster system of government commemorates the name of the palace. The Elizabeth Tower, in particular, often referred to by the name of its main bell, Big Ben, has become an iconic landmark of London and of the United Kingdom in general, one of the most popular tourist attractions in the city, and an emblem of parliamentary democracy. Tsar Nicholas I of Russia called the new palace "a dream in stone". The Palace of Westminster has been a Grade I listed building since 1970 and part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1987.

This is a document about Big Ben
  Elizabeth Tower, originally referred to as the Clock Tower, but more popularly known as Big Ben, was raised as a part of Charles Barry's design for a new Palace of Westminster, after the old palace was largely destroyed by fire on 16 October 1834. Although Barry was the chief architect of the neo-gothic palace, he turned to Augustus Pugin for the design of the Clock Tower, which resembles earlier Pugin designs, including one for Scarisbrick Hall in Lancashire. Construction of the tower began on 28 September 1845. The building contractors were Thomas Grissell and Morton Peto. An inscribed trowel now in the Parliamentary Archives records that Emily, sister of Peto's daughter-in-law, was given the honour of laying the first stone. It was Pugin's last design before his descent into mental illness and death in 1852, and Pugin himself wrote, at the time of Barry's last visit to him to collect the drawings: "I never worked so hard in my life for Mr Barry for tomorrow I render all my designs for finishing his bell tower and it is beautiful".

This is a document about Whitechapel Bell Foundry
  Ben, which tolls the hour at the Palace of Westminster, was cast in 1858 and rung for the first time on 31 May 1859. "Big Ben" weighs 13½ tons and is the largest bell ever cast at the foundry. This bell also cracked because too heavy a hammer was initially used. The crack and the subsequent retuning gives Big Ben its present distinctive tone. A profile template of Big Ben surrounds the entrance door of the Whitechapel Foundry, while the original moulding gauge is retained near the furnaces. The final bill for Big Ben came to £572. Whitechapel has supplied bells to several cathedrals. Guildford Cathedral in Surrey had a peal of

This is a document about Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II
  recreation land in perpetuity for future generations to enjoy, and to provide a permanent legacy of the Diamond Jubilee and the Olympics. The Woodland Trust planned to establish 60 Jubilee woodlands during 2011 and 2012, one of almost 500 acres – Flagship Diamond Wood, Leicestershire – and the remainder 60 acres each. A stained glass window, paid for by MPs and members of the House of Lords, was unveiled in the Queen's presence at Westminster Hall in March 2012. In addition, a majority of MPs endorsed the renaming of the clock tower of Westminster Palace that houses Big Ben, to the Elizabeth Tower. The Royal Jubilee Bells, made for the Jubilee and a feature

This is a document about Westminster, Colorado
  Westminster City Hall features a 14-story bell tower topped by a pyramid shaped steel mesh structure. The 130-foot spire, which is widely known and referenced as a community landmark, was first conceptualized as a symbolic tie and tribute to the clock tower of Westminster Palace in England known as Big Ben. The unveiling of the Bell Tower in 1986 was attended by the then mayor of Westminster, England. An English Oak can be seen on the City Hall property today- a gift to Westminster, Colorado, from Westminster, England.

The name of the tower that Big Ben is in is the Elizabeth Tower, which is part of the Palace of Westminster in London.