Question: what are the type of genes that prevent other genes from showing their phenotype

Answer: Dominance

This is a document about Non-Mendelian inheritance
  If one or more genes cannot be expressed because of another genetic factor hindering their expression, this epistasis can make it impossible even for dominant alleles on certain other gene-loci to have an effect on the phenotype. An example in dog coat genetics is the homozygosity with the allele "e e" on the Extension-locus making it impossible to produce any other pigment than pheomelanin. Although the allele "e" is a recessive allele on the extension-locus itself, the presence of two copies leverages the dominance of other coat colour genes. Domestic cats have a gene with a similar effect on the X-chromosome.

This is a document about Epistasis and functional genomics
  Epistasis refers to genetic interactions in which the mutation of one gene masks the phenotypic effects of a mutation at another locus. Systematic analysis of these epistatic interactions can provide insight into the structure and function of genetic pathways. Examining the phenotypes resulting from pairs of mutations helps in understanding how the function of these genes intersects. Genetic interactions are generally classified as either Positive/Alleviating or Negative/Aggravating. Fitness epistasis (an interaction between non-allelic genes) is positive (in other words, diminishing, antagonistic or buffering) when a loss of function mutation of two given genes results in exceeding the fitness predicted from individual effects of deleterious mutations,

This is a document about Epistasis and functional genomics
  In order to understand how information about epistatic interactions relates to gene pathways, consider a simple example of vulval cell differentiation in C. elegans. Cells differentiate from Pn cells to Pn.p cells to VP cells to vulval cells. Mutation of lin-26 blocks differentiation of Pn cells to Pn.p cells. Mutants of lin-36 behave similarly, blocking differentiation at the transition to VP cells. In both cases, the resulting phenotype is marked by an absence of vulval cells as there is an upstream block in the differentiation pathway. A double mutant in which both of these genes have been disrupted exhibits an equivalent phenotype

This is a document about Epigenetics of human development
  Airn lncRNA is produced, but there are many other imprinted genes that work to silence genes on other chromosomes or to silence the similar allele(s) on the opposing chromosome of the same pair. Some imprinted genes code for regulatory RNA elements such as lncRNA, small nucleolar RNA, and micro RNA, so the expression of these genes results in the silencing of some other gene. From these examples, researchers have seen similar patterns in developmental genetics. It is imperative that many genes are silenced at the right time so that cells can maintain their identity and expressional integrity. Failure to do so often leads to symptoms such as cognitive abnormalities, if not fatality.

This is a document about Functional genomics
  Systematic pairwise deletion of genes or inhibition of gene expression can be used to identify genes with related function, even if they do not interact physically. Epistasis refers to the fact that effects for two different gene knockouts may not be additive; that is, the phenotype that results when two genes are inhibited may be different from the sum of the effects of single knockouts.

This is a document about Evolution
  the gene controls, altering the phenotype of the organism. However, while this simple correspondence between an allele and a trait works in some cases, most traits are more complex and are controlled by quantitative trait loci (multiple interacting genes). Recent findings have confirmed important examples of heritable changes that cannot be explained by changes to the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA. These phenomena are classed as epigenetic inheritance systems. DNA methylation marking chromatin, self-sustaining metabolic loops, gene silencing by RNA interference and the three-dimensional conformation of proteins (such as prions) are areas where epigenetic inheritance systems have been discovered at the organismic level. Developmental biologists suggest that complex

This is a document about Oligogenic inheritance
 Phenotype–genotype correlations: if phenotype can't be predicted to a single strongly correlated locus, but inclusion of genotype from another locus improves the correlation, this is evidence for the trait being oligogenic ; Phenotypic differences in an animal model of the disease that are dependent on the genetic background: the effects of a potential modifier locus can be tested in an animal with another known causative mutation ; Disparities between mutations and a Mendelian model of inheritance: if carriers of a mutation do not show the pattern of phenotypes expected under Mendelian inheritance, other models may better explain observed patterns of inheritance ; The establishment of linkage to more than one locus or the failure to detect linkage using Mendelian models: when tracing mutations associated with a trait through a family tree, more than one mutation may show the same pattern of inheritance as the trait (in a case where multiple variants are required for a trait), or linkage may not be detected (in a case where one of several variants is sufficient for a trait) A trait can be recognised as oligogenic through the following lines of evidence:

This is a document about Sex-limited genes
  Sex-limited genes are genes that are present in both sexes of sexually reproducing species but are expressed in only one sex and have no penetrance, or are simply 'turned off' in the other. In other words, sex-limited genes cause the two sexes to show different traits or phenotypes, despite having the same genotype. This term is restricted to autosomal traits, and should not be confused with sex-linked characteristics, which have to do with genetic differences on the sex chromosomes (see sex-determination system). Sex-limited genes are also distinguished from sex-influenced genes, where the same gene will show differential expression in each sex. Sex-influenced genes commonly show a dominant/recessive relationship, where the same

This is a document about Epistasis
  in the same pathway. In this case, the second gene is described as a "dominant suppressor" of the hypomorphic mutant; "dominant" because the effect is seen when one wild-type copy of the suppressor gene is present (i.e. even in a heterozygote). For most genes, the phenotype of the heterozygous suppressor mutation by itself would be wild type (because most genes are not haplo-insufficient), so that the double mutant (suppressed) phenotype is intermediate between those of the single mutants. In non reciprocal sign epistasis, fitness of the mutant lies in the middle of that of the extreme effects seen in reciprocal sign epistasis. When two mutations are viable alone but lethal in combination, it is called Synthetic lethality or unlinked non-complementation.

This is a document about Major gene
  Major gene is a gene with pronounced phenotype expression, in contrast to a modifier gene. Major gene characterizes common expression of oligogenic series, i.e. a small number of genes that determine the same trait. Major genes control the discontinuous or qualitative characters in contrast of minor genes or polygenes with individually small effects. Major genes segregate and may be easily subject to mendelian analysis. The gene categorization into major and minor determinants is more or less arbitrary. Both of the two types are in all probability only end points in a more or less continuous series of gene action and gene interactions. The term major gene was introduced into the science of inheritance by Keneth Mather (1941).

This is a document about Genotype
  Epistasis is when the phenotype of one gene is affected by one or more other genes. This is often through some sort of masking effect of one gene on the other. For example, the "A" gene codes for hair color, a dominant "A" allele codes for brown hair, and a recessive "a" allele codes for blonde hair, but a separate "B" gene controls hair growth, and a recessive "b" allele causes baldness. If the individual has the BB or Bb genotype, then they produce hair and the hair color phenotype can be observed, but if the individual has a bb genotype, then the person is bald which masks the A gene entirely.

This is a document about Selfish genetic element
  The presence of selfish genetic elements can be difficult to detect in natural populations. Instead, their phenotypic consequences often become apparent in hybrids. The first reason for this is that some selfish genetic elements rapidly sweep to fixation, and the phenotypic effects will therefore not be segregating in the population. Hybridization events, however, will produce offspring with and without the selfish genetic elements and so reveal their presence. The second reason is that host genomes have evolved mechanisms to suppress the activity of the selfish genetic elements, for example the small RNA administered silencing of transposable elements. The co-evolution between selfish genetic elements and their suppressors can be rapid, and follow a Red Queen dynamics, which may mask the presence of selfish genetic elements in a population. Hybrid offspring, on the other hand, may inherit a given selfish genetic element, but not the corresponding suppressor and so reveal the phenotypic effect of the selfish genetic element.

This is a document about Cat coat genetics
  is complex. Not only are there many interacting genes, but genes sometimes do not express themselves fully, or conflict with one another. For example, the melanin inhibitor gene in some instances does not block pigment, resulting in a grayer undercoat, or in tarnishing (yellowish or rusty fur). The greyer undercoat is less desirable to fanciers. Likewise, poorly-expressed non-agouti or over-expression of melanin inhibitor will cause a pale, washed out black smoke. Various polygenes (sets of related genes), epigenetic factors, or modifier genes, as yet unidentified, are believed to result in different phenotypes of coloration, some deemed more desirable than others by fanciers.

This is a document about Fine structure genetics
  When a gene is identified as affecting a specific phenotype, a modifier screen can be used to assess which genes that either enhance or inhibit the phenotypic expression of the initial mutation. This is a powerful way of rapidly identifying many genes that are involved in the expression of a phenotype, but such screens can only say whether or not two genes interact, not what their exact function are, or how they relate. For instance, the product of the second gene may interact directly with that of the first gene, or it may be involved in distantly on the pathway. One of the major benefits of modifier screens is that screens do not necessarily have to take place in the organism of interest. For instance, a gene that corresponds to an important phenotype in an organism in which a set of screens involving mutagenesis (i.e. human beings), will often have a homologue in a model organism. In this case, that homologous gene can either be knocked out or the initial gene can be ectopically expressed in the model organism, at which point a screen for modifiers of the aberrant phenotype can take place.

This is a document about Nemoria arizonaria
  Genetic buffering seems to explain the complexities between genotypic and phenotypic expression by concealing genetic and environmental variations on observed phenotype – allowing for a myriad number of phenotypes for a single genotype. Rutherford explains how different larvae phenotypes of N. arizonaria were possibly developed by attributing the stages and thresholds of genetic variation storage in populations. Under normal situations, genetic buffering is intact, and all individuals with a genotype reflect identical phenotypes. However, when buffering breaks down, the expression of previously silent genes emerge and are allowed to cross, resulting in phenotypic variation from the original form. These phenotypic differences are then subject to selection. Genetic buffering allows for maintaining a certain phenotype while also allowing for the possibility of change.

This is a document about Genotype–phenotype distinction
  of genotypes to a set of phenotypes is sometimes referred to as the genotype–phenotype map. An organism's genotype is a major (the largest by far for morphology) influencing factor in the development of its phenotype, but it is not the only one. Even two organisms with identical genotypes normally differ in their phenotypes. One experiences this in everyday life with monozygous (i.e. identical) twins. Identical twins share the same genotype, since their genomes are identical; but they never have the same phenotype, although their phenotypes may be very similar. This is apparent in the fact that close relations can always tell them apart, even though others might not be able to see the subtle differences. Further, identical twins can be distinguished by their fingerprints, which are never completely identical.

This is a document about Polygene
  A polygene is a member of a group of non-epistatic genes that interact additively to influence a phenotypic trait, thus contributing to multiple-gene inheritance (polygenic inheritance, multigenic inheritance, quantitative inheritance ), a type of non-Mendelian inheritance, as opposed to single-gene inheritance, which is the core notion of Mendelian inheritance. The term "monozygous" is usually used to refer to a hypothetical gene as it is often difficult to characterise the effect of an individual gene from the effects of other genes and the environment on a particular phenotype. Advances in statistical methodology and high throughput sequencing are, however, allowing researchers to locate candidate genes for the trait. In the

This is a document about Gene
  biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as gene–environment interactions. Some genetic traits are instantly visible, such as eye color or the number of limbs, and some are not, such as blood type, the risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that constitute life. Genes can acquire mutations in their sequence, leading to different variants, known as alleles, in the population. These alleles encode slightly different versions of a protein, which cause different phenotypical traits. Usage of the term "having a gene" (e.g., "good genes," "hair color gene") typically refers to containing a different allele

This is a document about Genetic assimilation
  Other evolutionary biologists have agreed that assimilation occurs, but give a different, purely quantitative genetics explanation in terms of Darwin's natural or artificial selection. The phenotype, say cross-veinless, is presumed to be caused by a combination of multiple genes. The phenotype appears when the sum of gene effects exceeds a threshold; if that threshold is lowered by a perturbation, say a heat shock, the phenotype is more likely to be seen. Continued selection under perturbing conditions increases the frequency of the alleles of genes that promote the phenotype until the threshold is breached, and the phenotype appears without requiring the heat shock. Perturbations can be genetic or epigenetic rather than environmental. For example, Drosophila fruit flies have a heat shock protein, Hsp90, which protects the development of many structures in the adult fly from heat shock. If the protein is damaged by a mutation, then just as if it were damaged by the environmental effects of drugs, many different phenotypic variants appear; if these are selected for, they quickly establish without further need for the mutant Hsp90.

This is a document about Carcinogenesis
  to 500 genes. There are two broad categories of genes that are affected by these changes. Oncogenes may be normal genes that are expressed at inappropriately high levels, or altered genes that have novel properties. In either case, expression of these genes promotes the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. Tumor suppressor genes are genes that inhibit cell division, survival, or other properties of cancer cells. Tumor suppressor genes are often disabled by cancer-promoting genetic changes. Finally Oncovirinae, viruses that contain an oncogene, are categorized as oncogenic because they trigger the growth of tumorous tissues in the host. This process is also referred to as viral transformation.

The type of genes that prevent other genes from showing their phenotype are called epistatic genes. These genes have a dominant effect on the phenotype and can mask the expression of other genes, even if they are homozygous recessive. In the context of non-Mendelian inheritance, epistatic genes can make it impossible for other genes to produce any other color than the one they produce themselves. For example, in the case of the "e"-locus in cats, the dominant allele for the extension coat color makes it impossible for any other coat color to be expressed.


Question: who sang windmills of your mind in the original thomas crown affair

Answer: Noel Harrison

This is a document about The Windmills of Your Mind
  "The Windmills of Your Mind" is a song with music by French composer Michel Legrand and English lyrics written by Americans Alan and Marilyn Bergman. The French lyrics, under the title "Les Moulins de mon cœur", were written by Eddy Marnay. The song (with the English lyrics) was introduced in the film The Thomas Crown Affair (1968), and won the Academy Award for Best Original Song. In 2004, "Windmills of Your Mind" was ranked 57 in AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of top songs in American cinema. A cover by Sting was used in the 1999 remake of The Thomas Crown Affair.

This is a document about 41st Academy Awards
 José Feliciano ("The Windmills of Your Mind" from The Thomas Crown Affair) ; Aretha Franklin ("Funny Girl" from Funny Girl) ; Abbey Lincoln ("For Love of Ivy" from For Love of Ivy) ; Paula Kelly and the UCLA Band ("Chitty Chitty Bang Bang" from Chitty Chitty Bang Bang) ; Frank Sinatra ("Star!" from Star!)

This is a document about List of UK top-ten singles in 1969
  Original songs from various films entered the top 10 throughout the year. These included "The Windmills of Your Mind" (from The Thomas Crown Affair) and "Time Is Tight" (UpTight).

This is a document about Michel Legrand
 Original Score: ; The Thomas Crown Affair (1968) ; The Happy Ending (1969) ; Wuthering Heights (1970) ; Le Mans (1971) ; Summer of '42 (1971) ; Lady Sings the Blues (1972) ; Breezy (1973) ; Yentl (1983) ; Original Song: ; "The Windmills of Your Mind" from The Thomas Crown Affair (1968) (won) ; "What are You Doing the Rest of Your Life?" from The Happy Ending (1969) ; "Pieces of Dreams" from Pieces of Dreams (1970) ; "Breezy's Song" from Breezy (1973) ; "Yesterday's Dreams" from Falling in Love Again (1980) ; "The Way He Makes Me Feel" from Yentl (1983) Source: All Movie

This is a document about Noel Harrison
  in 29 episodes of the NBC series The Girl from U.N.C.L.E. as the costar of Stefanie Powers (April Dancer). A year earlier, Norman Fell originated his Mark Slate character on the original U.N.C.L.E. series, The Man from U.N.C.L.E. in a 2nd season episode titled "The Galatea Affair". "A Young Girl" was included as one of the tracks on Harrison's debut album, Noel Harrison, in 1966. Two years later, he recorded "The Windmills of Your Mind", the theme tune from the film The Thomas Crown Affair, which won the Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1968, and was also a Top

This is a document about The Windmills of Your Mind
  In the original 1968 film The Thomas Crown Affair, the song is heard – sung by Noel Harrison – during opening credits; and, during the film, in a scene in which the character Thomas Crown flies a glider at the glider airport in Salem, New Hampshire: having edited the rough cut for this scene using the Beatles track "Strawberry Fields Forever" producer/director Norman Jewison commissioned an original song be written for the glider scene which would reference the ambivalent feelings of Thomas Crown as he engages in a favorite pastime while experiencing the tension of preparing to commit a major robbery. Alan Bergman: "Michel

This is a document about The Thomas Crown Affair (1968 film)
  The Thomas Crown Affair is a 1968 American neo-noir heist film directed and produced by Norman Jewison and starring Steve McQueen and Faye Dunaway. It was nominated for two Academy Awards, winning Best Original Song for Michel Legrand's "The Windmills of Your Mind". A remake was released in 1999, and a second remake was in development stages.

This is a document about The Windmills of Your Mind
  Jerry Wexler, president of Atlantic Records, heard "The Windmills of Your Mind" on the soundtrack of The Thomas Crown Affair and championed having Dusty Springfield record the song for her debut Atlantic album Dusty in Memphis, overcoming the singer's strong resistance; Springfield's friend and subsequent manager Vicki Wickham would allege: "Dusty always said she hated it because she couldn't identify with the words." During the first sessions for the track at American Sound Studio in Memphis, problems with getting the proper chords down arose, and at Springfield's suggestion the song was arranged so the first three verses were sung in a

This is a document about The Windmills of Your Mind
  "The Windmills of Your Mind" was recorded by José Feliciano for his 1969 album 10 to 23, and Feliciano performed the song on the Academy Awards ceremony broadcast of 14 April 1969. The song's original singer, Noel Harrison, would later opine of Feliciano's performance: "A wonderful musician and compelling singer, he made much too free with the beautiful melody in my humble opinion. But that's jazz." It was Feliciano's version of "The Windmills" which became a hit in the Netherlands, reaching No. 11 on the Dutch chart in November 1969. and No. 4 in the Turkish hit parade in April 1970.

This is a document about Cinema (Elaine Paige album)
 1) "The Windmills of Your Mind" - 3.15 (Michel Legrand, Alan Bergman, Marilyn Bergman) - from the film The Thomas Crown Affair ; 2) "Out Here On My Own" - 3.50 (Lesley Gore, Michael Gore) - from the film Fame ; 3) "Prisoner (Love Theme from 'The Eyes of Laura Mars')" - 4.30 (Karen Lawrence, John Desautels) - from the film The Eyes of Laura Mars ; 4) "Sometimes" - 2.34 (Norman Newell, Carl Davis) - from the film Champions ; 5) "Theme from Mahogany (Do You Know Where You're Going To)" - 3.40 (Michael Masser, Gerry Goffin) - from the film Mahogany ; 6) "Up Where We

This is a document about Alan and Marilyn Bergman
  Michel Legrand began in the late 1960s. The couple wrote English lyrics for Legrand's song "The Windmills of Your Mind" featured in The Thomas Crown Affair (1968), which won them their first Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 41st Academy Awards in 1969. The Bergmans and Legrand were subsequently nominated for the Best Original Song award in the following two years for "What Are You Doing the Rest of Your Life?" from The Happy Ending (1969) and "Pieces of Dreams" from the 1970 film of the same name. The couple's minor work with Legrand in this period included "Listen to the Sea" from

This is a document about The Thomas Crown Affair (1999 film)
  There are a number of echo references to the original 1968 version of the film. The most obvious is the casting of Faye Dunaway as Crown's psychiatrist; Dunaway portrayed insurance investigator Vicki Anderson in the original. In the remake, "The Windmills of Your Mind" plays during the ballroom scene, as background music in a couple of other scenes, and during the credits at the end; the song earned an Oscar for the original film. Both films share a nearly identical scene with Crown playing high-stakes golf, and in both films Crown pilots a glider for recreation.

This is a document about Love Theme from "Romeo And Juliet" (A Time for Us)
 1) "Didn't We" (Jimmy Webb) – 2:49 ; 2) "Love Me Tonight" (Barry Mason, Daniele Pace, Mario Panzeri, Lorenzo Pilat) – 2:58 ; 3) "The Windmills of Your Mind" from The Thomas Crown Affair (Alan and Marilyn Bergman, Michel Legrand) – 3:33 ; 4) "The World I Threw Away" (Harry Greenfield, Neil Sedaka) – 3:18 ; 5) "Yesterday When I Was Young" (Charles Aznavour, Herbert Kretzmer) – 2:55

This is a document about The Windmills of Your Mind
 Johnny Mathis Version #1: on his album Love Theme from 'Romeo & Juliet' (1969) Version #2: with Toots Thielemans on Thielemans' album Chez Toots (1998) Chez Toots track listing reads "Les Moulins de mon cœur (The Windmills of Your Mind)" Mathis sings only the English-language lyrics. ; Eva Mendes recorded for commercial (starring Mendes) for Angel perfume ; Jimmie Rodgers on his album The Windmills of Your Mind (1969) ; The Muppet Show in the first episode of the second season, first airing on 5 February 1978; it continuously speeds up until the singer, a Muppet referred to as "Screaming Thing," crashes. ; Sting on the soundtrack album for The Thomas Crown Affair (1999)

This is a document about The Thomas Crown Affair (1968 film)
 1) "The Windmills of Your Mind", performed by Noel Harrison – 2:24 ; 2) "Room Service" – 1:41 ; 3) "A Man's Castle" – 2:41 ; 4) "The Chess Game" – 5:58 ; 5) "Cash and Carry" – 2:35 ; 6) "His Eyes, Her Eyes", performed by Michel Legrand – 2:17 ; 7) "Playing the Field" – 5:48 ; 8) "Moments of Love" – 2:19 ; 9) "The Boston Wrangler" – 2:49 ; 10) "Doubting Thomas" – 3:48 ; 11) "The Crowning Touch" – 2:59 ; 12) "The Windmills of Your Mind" – 2:22 ; 13) "His Eyes, Her Eyes" – 2:15 ; 14) "The Windmills of Your Mind", performed by Noel Harrison –

This is a document about The Windmills of Your Mind
  the Top Ten entry of Harrison's single on the UK chart dated 22 April 1969 with its chart peak of No. 8 effected two weeks later. "The Windmills of Your Mind" was performed on the Academy Awards ceremony broadcast of 14 April 1969 by José Feliciano; Noel Harrison would recall: "I was invited to sing it at the Academy Awards... but I was making a movie in England at the time, and the producer (who didn't like me) refused to let me go." The film which caused the scheduling conflict has been identified as Take a Girl Like You directed by Jonathan Miller.

This is a document about 1968 in music
  "Ten Feet off the Ground w.m. Richard M. Sherman & Robert B. Sherman from the film The One and Only, Genuine, Original Family Band'' ; "This Guy's In Love With You" w. Hal David m. Burt Bacharach ; "Wichita Lineman" w.m. Jimmy Webb ; "The Windmills of Your Mind" w. Alan Bergman & Marilyn Bergman m. Michel LeGrand from the film The Thomas Crown Affair ; "The Wonderful Thing About Tiggers" w.m. Richard M. Sherman & Robert B. Sherman from the film Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day ; "You Rat, You" w. Lee Adams m. Charles Strouse from the film The Night They Raided Minsky's

This is a document about Where at Night the Wood Grouse Plays
 Thomas Helm - vocals

This is a document about The Windmills of Your Mind
  the British Isles at the time of the film's 7 February 1969 premiere in the UK and Ireland. As a result, it was a current UK release when "The Windmills of Your Mind" received an Academy Award nomination on 24 February 1969: Harrison's single debuted at No. 36 in the UK Top 50 dated 4 March 1969 and had risen to No. 15—abetted by performances by Harrison on the 27 March 1969 broadcast of Top of the Pops and also on variety shows hosted by Rolf Harris and Scott Walker—when the song won the Academy Award on 14 April 1969, an endorsement which

This is a document about Alan and Marilyn Bergman
  "The Right Approach" (music by Lew Spence) – The Right Approach (1961) ; "In the Heat of the Night" and "Foul Owl on the Prowl" (music by Quincy Jones) – In the Heat of the Night (1967) ; English lyrics for "The Windmills of Your Mind" (music by Michel Legrand) – ''The Thomas Crown Affair (1968) ; "What Are You Doing the Rest of Your Life?" (music by Michel Legrand) – The Happy Ending (1969) ; "Pieces of Dreams" (music by Michel Legrand) – Pieces of Dreams (1970) ; "Listen to the Sea" (music by Michel Legrand) – Ice Station Zebra (1968) ; "Tomorrow Is My Friend" and "There's Enough to go Around"

Noel Harrison sang "The Windmills of Your Mind" in the original Thomas Crown Affair.


Question: who played cindy lou who in the movie the grinch stole christmas

Answer: Taylor Michel Momsen

This is a document about Isa Hoes
 Betty Lou Who in How the Grinch Stole Christmas ; Jackie Framm in Air Bud: Golden Receiver

This is a document about How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000 film)
  as Cindy Lou Who, a kind young Who girl who believes that the Christmas spirit in Whoville is lost and is one of the only people to see past the Grinch's nasty behavior. In the film, she is 6 years old whereas in the 1957 book and the 1966 TV special she is "no more than 2". ; Bill Irwin as Lou Lou Who, the cheerful and slightly dimwitted postmaster of Whoville, as well as Cindy's father. ; Molly Shannon as Betty Lou Who, Cindy's mother and Martha's rival in a house-lighting contest. ; Clint Howard as Whobris, the mayor's sycophantic aide and servant. ; Reid Kirchenbauer as 8-year-old Whobris. ; Mindy Sterling as Clarnella Who,

This is a document about Taylor Momsen
  Taylor Michel Momsen (born July 26, 1993) is an American singer, songwriter, model, and former actress. Prior to her retirement from acting, she portrayed the character of Cindy Lou Who in the film How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000) and Jenny Humphrey on The CW's teen drama series Gossip Girl (2007–2012). Momsen is the frontwoman of the American rock band The Pretty Reckless.

This is a document about The Grinch (film)
 Benedict Cumberbatch as the Grinch, a resentful, disgruntled, cave-dwelling, green-furred creature who hates Christmas ; Cameron Seely as Cindy Lou Who, a kind-hearted young resident of Whoville ; Rashida Jones as Donna Who, Cindy Lou's overworked single mother ; Kenan Thompson as Bricklebaum, a jolly citizen of Whoville who lives near The Grinch ; Angela Lansbury as Mayor McGerkle, the Mayor of Whoville ; Pharrell Williams as the Narrator ; Tristan O'Hare as Groopert, Cindy Lou's best friend ; Sam Lavagnino as Ozzy, one of Cindy Lou's friends ; Ramone Hamilton as Axl, one of Cindy Lou's friends ; Scarlett Estevez as Izzy, one of Cindy Lou's friends ; Michael Beattie as a store clerk  Georgia Toffolo provided the voice of Mrs. Toffee Apple (a customer who was trying to reach a jar of "Christmas chutney") in one scene in some releases. In addition, Bill Farmer voices Sam the bus driver; and Catherine Cavadini, Townsend Coleman, Jess Harnell, Laraine Newman, Scott Mosier, Mindy Sterling, Tara Strong, and Jim Ward all perform additional voices. Archive recordings of Pentatonix were used for the Who-Carolers.

This is a document about How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000 film)
  to help with the negotiations. At the time, Howard was developing a film adaptation of The Sea-Wolf, and, despite being an avid fan of the animated special, did not express interest in Grinch but Grazer talked Howard into traveling to Geisel's residence for the pitch meeting. While studying the book, Howard became interested in the character Cindy Lou Who and pitched a film in which she would have a larger role as well as a materialistic representation of the Whos and an expanded backstory of the Grinch. On September 16, 1998, it was announced that Howard would direct and co-produce a live-action adaptation of How the Grinch Stole Christmas with Jim

This is a document about A Very Glee Christmas
  the base of the tree on her belly) really sing." Poniewozik called Sue's transformation "pretty amusing to watch", admitted that he doubted he would "have been able to resist the urge to put the rangy Jane Lynch in that classic role" and called Brittany as Cindy Lou Who "unexpected, clever and surprisingly touching". Several reviewers commented favorably on Becky playing Max, including Canning, who wrote "it was all worth it to realize Becky is and always will be the Max to Sue's Grinch", and Entertainment Weekly Tim Stack declared, "I totally love how Becky is becoming Sue’s little minion. It’s both adorable and hilarious."

This is a document about Working with Lemons
  Garden in 2018. ; Mia Bagley (born October 6, 2005) starred as young Anna in the group's cover of Frozen. Of performing, she said in a 2016 The Salt Lake Tribune interview, "It's fun. You get to play different characters. You just get to try stuff out." She twice received and rejected offers to portray Cindy Lou Who in Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! The Musical because she wanted to continue working on family musical projects.  Bagley played Anna Gellar in the 2015 film I'm Not Ready for Christmas.  In 2018, Bagley portrayed main character Winnie Foster in Sandy, Utah–based Hale Centre Theatre's production of the

This is a document about Dr. Seuss' The Grinch Musical Live!
 Matthew Morrison as The Grinch ; Amelia Minto as Cindy-Lou Who ; Denis O'Hare as Old Max ; Booboo Stewart as Young Max ; Claire Machin as Grandma Who ; Amy Ellen Richardson as Mrs. Who ; Ako Mitchell as Mr. Who ; Gary Wilmot as Grandpa Who

This is a document about List of The Brady Bunch characters
  Cynthia "Cindy" Brady – née Cynthia Martin (bottom left), portrayed by Susan Olsen in the TV show, The Brady Bunch Hour, The Brady Girls Get Married and The Bradys, Jennifer Runyon in A Very Brady Christmas, Olivia Hack in the theatrical films and Sofia Vassilieva in the 2002 TV movie, is the youngest Brady daughter. She was portrayed as a naive, but occasionally precocious little girl, who was most often seen wearing her hair in corkscrew curls or braids and had a pronounced lisp. She frequently liked to snoop and share secrets she had found out. In one episode, the family had to help her correct her habit of tattling. Cindy Brady also had various failed attempts at

This is a document about How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000 film)
  of the Grinch's adoptive mothers in his childhood. ; Rachel Winfree as Rose Who, one of the Grinch's adoptive mothers in his childhood. ; Jeremy Howard as Drew Lou Who, one of the troublesome sons of Lou and Betty and brother of Cindy. ; T. J. Thyne as Stu Lou Who, one of the troublesome sons of Lou and Betty and brother of Cindy. ; Jim Meskimen as Officer Wholihan, the chief of police. ; Mary Stein as Miss Rue Who, the Grinch's school teacher who later becomes Cindy's teacher. ; Deep Roy as Post Office Clerk ; Rance Howard as Elderly Timekeeper ; Verne Troyer as Band Member ; Bryce Dallas Howard as Surprised Who

This is a document about Juliette Lewis
  Juliette Lake Lewis (born June 21, 1973) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her portrayals of offbeat characters, often in films with dark themes. Lewis became an "it girl" of American cinema in the early 1990s, appearing in various independent and arthouse films. Her accolades include a Pasinetti Award, one Academy Award nomination, one Golden Globe nomination, and a Primetime Emmy Award nomination. The daughter of character actor Geoffrey Lewis, Lewis began her career in television at age 14 before being cast in her first major film role as Audrey Griswold in National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation (1989). She went on

This is a document about How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (TV special)
 Boris Karloff as the Grinch and the narrator ; June Foray as Cindy-Lou Who ; Dallas McKennon as Max ; Thurl Ravenscroft as bass vocalist on "You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch"  Only Karloff was credited.

This is a document about Ikue Ōtani
 The Addams Family (Pugsley Addams (Jimmy Workman)) ; Election (Tracy Flick (Reese Witherspoon)) ; Forrest Gump (Forrest Gump Junior (Haley Joel Osment)) ; Fuller House (Stephanie Tanner (Jodie Sweetin)) ; How the Grinch Stole Christmas (Cindy Lou Who (speaking voice) (Taylor Momsen)) ; How to Marry a Millionaire (New Era Movies edition) (Schatze Page (Lauren Bacall)) ; Interview with the Vampire (2000 TV Tokyo edition) (Claudia (Kirsten Dunst)) ; Kindergarten Cop (Dominic Palmieri (Christian and Joseph Cousins)) ; Look Who's Talking Now (Mikey Ubriacco (David Gallagher)) ; Mercury Rising (Simon Lynch (Miko Hughes)) ; Milk Money (Frank Wheeler) ; Multiplicity (Zack Kinney) ; One Fine Day (Maggie Taylor (Mae Whitman)) ; Ramona and Beezus (Ramona Quimby (Joey King)) ; See Spot Run (James (Angus T. Jones)) ; The Shining (Danny Torrance (Courtland Mead)) ; Stuart Little (George Little (Jonathan Lipnicki)) ; Uptown Girls (Laraine "Ray" Schleine (Dakota Fanning)) ; West Side Story (1990 TBS edition) (Consuelo (Yvonne Wilder))

This is a document about How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000 film)
  How the Grinch Stole Christmas (also known as Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas or simply The Grinch) is a 2000 American Christmas fantasy comedy-drama film co-produced and directed by Ron Howard and written by Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman. Based on Dr. Seuss's 1957 book of the same name, it was the first Dr. Seuss book to be adapted into a full-length feature film. The film is narrated by Anthony Hopkins and stars Jim Carrey as the eponymous character, with Jeffrey Tambor, Christine Baranski, Bill Irwin and Molly Shannon in supporting roles. Produced by Imagine Entertainment, How the Grinch Stole Christmas was released by Universal

This is a document about Jazzercise
  In Ron Howard's live-action movie adaptation of How the Grinch Stole Christmas, the Grinch's schedule has an hour booked for Jazzercise. In the episode of Taxi entitled "Louie Goes Too Far", Andy Kaufman (playing Vic Ferrari) suggests to Christopher Lloyd (playing Jim) that he take up Jazzercise as a way of meeting beautiful women. On The Golden Girls, Bea Arthur (Dorothy) admits taking up Jazzercise in the episodes "The Stan Who Came to Dinner" and "The Audit". In Troop Beverly Hills, the lead character, Phyllis Nefler, mentions that she hasn't been to Jazzercise in three weeks, after chasing one of her troop members who suddenly

This is a document about Susan Olsen
  At just under age eight, Olsen was cast as Cindy Brady on The Brady Bunch. As an adult, Olsen has said that portraying Cindy made friendships difficult for her as a child. She most disliked the season two "tattletale" episode, in which Cindy incessantly tattles on her siblings. Because of the episode, she was shunned by real-life peers, who did not understand the difference between actors and their characters. Olsen has appeared in all Brady Bunch reunion movies with the exception of A Very Brady Christmas (1988), which was filmed when she and her first husband Steve Ventimiglia were on their honeymoon. In that movie, Cindy Brady was played by actress Jennifer Runyon. Olsen reprised her role as Cindy Brady in the short-lived CBS spin-off series The Bradys. In 2005, VH1 ranked her No. 34 in The 100 Greatest Kid Stars of television and film. In 2007, Olsen and her fellow cast members were honored with the TV Pop Culture Award on the TV Land Awards, one of the few awards The Brady Bunch has ever won.

This is a document about Taylor Momsen
  In 2000, Momsen played the role of Cindy Lou Who in Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas, her breakout role. In 2002, she played Gretel in Hansel and Gretel and Alexandra, the President's daughter, in Spy Kids 2: The Island of Lost Dreams. Momsen's career came to a halt for over three years until she received a lead role in the WB series Misconceptions, which never aired. After that, she also appeared in the 2006 film Saving Shiloh. She also auditioned for the title role in Hannah Montana, and was in the top three, but the role was instead awarded to Miley Cyrus—a decision that Momsen was happy with in retrospect. In 2007, she starred in the Walt Disney Pictures film Underdog as Molly and as Jennifer in the movie Paranoid Park, directed by Gus Van Sant.

This is a document about How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (TV special)
  Three songs with lyrics were included in the special: "Welcome Christmas", "Trim up the Tree" and "You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch." The last of these was performed by Thurl Ravenscroft; the other two were performed by a chorus representing the voices of the Whos. None of the vocalists were credited at the time. On December 18, 1966, MGM released a soundtrack LP in conjunction with the television special. CD releases include albums produced by Island (1995) and Mercury Records. In the recorded version, Boris Karloff does all voices including Cindy Lou Who. The song "You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch", which comically describes the level

This is a document about Terror Toons
 Beverly Lynne as Cindy ; Lizzy Borden as Candy ; Brandon Ellison as Rick ; Kerry Liu as Amy ; Fernando Padilla as Eddie ; Jack Roberts as The Devil ; Gil Chase as The Father ; Shimmy Maxx as The Mother ; Fernando Gasca as Tommy ; Alexi Bustamante as The Pizza Boy ; James Sullivan as The Cartoon Cop ; Stephanie Vasquez as Cartoon Girl #1 ; Diane Heppner as Cartoon Girl #2 ; Scott Barrow as Max Assassin ; Matt Falletta as Doctor Carnage ; Ian Villalobos as The Neighbor's Son

This is a document about 14th Youth in Film Awards
 Thora Birch - All I Want for Christmas (Paramount Pictures) ; Samantha Mathis - This is My Life (20th Century Fox) ; Christina Ricci - The Addams Family (Paramount Pictures) ; Meadow Sisto - Captain Ron (Touchstone Pictures) ; Nicholle Tom - Beethoven (Universal Pictures) ★ Alisan Porter - Curly Sue (Warner Bros)

Taylor Momsen played Cindy Lou Who in the movie "How the Grinch Stole Christmas" (2000).


Question: how many times have the saints won a superbowl

Answer: 1

This is a document about Drew Brees
  led the Saints between 2006 and 2020 to nine playoff runs, seven NFC South titles (including four consecutive from 2017 to 2020), three NFC Championship Game appearances, and the franchise's first Super Bowl title in Super Bowl XLIV, where he was named MVP. At the conclusion of his 15 seasons in New Orleans, Brees extended his total Pro Bowl selections to 13 and was twice named Offensive Player of the Year. He also led the NFL in passing yards a record seven times and in passing touchdowns a record four times. Brees retired after the 2020 season and joined NBC Sunday Night Football as an analyst.

This is a document about Sean Payton
  the Saints as head coach, he has helped guide the team to three NFC Championship games (2006, 2009, and 2018), an appearance in Super Bowl XLIV, and nine total playoff berths with seven division titles, making him the most successful coach in Saints franchise history. In April 2012 Payton was suspended for the entire 2012 NFL season as a result of his alleged involvement in the New Orleans Saints bounty scandal, under which "bounties" were allegedly paid for contact that would try to injure players on opposing teams. Payton filed an appeal but was denied, with him remaining suspended until being reinstated in January 2013.

This is a document about New Orleans
   New Orleans' professional sports teams include the 2009 Super Bowl XLIV champion New Orleans Saints (NFL) and the New Orleans Pelicans (NBA). It is also home to the Big Easy Rollergirls, an all-female flat track roller derby team, and the New Orleans Blaze, a women's football team. New Orleans is also home to two NCAA Division I athletic programs, the Tulane Green Wave of the American Athletic Conference and the UNO Privateers of the Southland Conference. The Caesars Superdome is the home of the Saints, the Sugar Bowl, and other prominent events. It has hosted the Super Bowl a record seven times (1978, 1981, 1986, 1990, 1997, 2002, and 2013). The Smoothie King Center is the home

This is a document about Vince Lombardi Trophy
  York Giants (1986, 1990, 2007, 2011) are tied for fifth with four each. The Oakland Raiders (1976, 1980, 1983), the Washington Football Team (1982, 1987, 1991) and the Denver Broncos (1997, 1998, 2015) are tied for seventh with three each. Although none of these teams have ever won three straight Super Bowls, two teams have won three Lombardi trophies in four years and one team twice won the trophy two out of three consecutive years: The Dallas Cowboys (1992, 1993, 1995) and the New England Patriots (2001, 2003, 2004) and (2014, 2016) and (2016, 2018). The Pittsburgh Steelers won four Super Bowls in six years (1974, 1975, 1978, 1979). A final note worth mentioning is that Tom Brady has won more Super Bowls at 7 than any single NFL franchise by itself.

This is a document about List of Super Bowl records
  to lose a Super Bowl. ; No touchdowns scored – In every Super Bowl to date, there has been at least one touchdown scored (Fewest combined – 1, in Super Bowl LIII). ; A three-peat. Two teams (the New England Patriots and the Dallas Cowboys) won three Super Bowl titles in four years and the Pittsburgh Steelers won 4 Super Bowl titles in 6 years, which included back to back championships twice. The Miami Dolphins appeared in three consecutive Super Bowls from 1971–1973, winning the final two, making them the team having come closest to a three-peat. New England did the same in 2017-2019, winning the first and

This is a document about List of Super Bowl champions
  another city, have won the Super Bowl. The New England Patriots and Pittsburgh Steelers  have won the most Super Bowls with six championships, while the Dallas Cowboys  and the San Francisco 49ers  have five wins. The New England Patriots have the most Super Bowl appearances with 11, while the Buffalo Bills have the most consecutive appearances with four (all losses) from 1990 to 1993. The Miami Dolphins (1971–1973) and New England Patriots (2016–2018) are the only other teams to have at least three consecutive appearances. The Denver Broncos and Patriots have each lost a record five Super Bowls. The Minnesota

This is a document about 2009 New Orleans Saints season
  championship. The Saints are the first team to defeat three former Super Bowl winning quarterbacks in a row in the playoffs to win the Super Bowl, and were the only team to do so until the 2020 Tampa Bay Buccaneers, with the Buccaneers beating Drew Brees and the Saints in the NFC Divisional. The Saints, along with the New York Jets, are the only teams to go to one Super Bowl and win it. Although five Saints were elected to the Pro Bowl (with two others added as injury replacements), since the game was held one week prior to Super Bowl XLIV, they did not participate.

This is a document about Super Bowl
  As of Super Bowl LV, 28 of 55 Super Bowls have been played in three metropolitan areas: the Greater Miami area (eleven times), New Orleans (ten times), and the Greater Los Angeles area (seven times). No market or region without an active NFL franchise has ever hosted a Super Bowl, and the presence of an NFL team in a market or region is now a de jure requirement for bidding on the game. For instance while Los Angeles had been a seven-time host city with its most recent being Super Bowl XXVII in 1993, it did not host one from the departure of both its NFL teams in 1995

This is a document about NFC South
  to have each of its teams make a Super Bowl appearance since the 2002 realignment (along with the NFC West): Tampa Bay (2002 and 2020), Atlanta (2016), Carolina (2003 and 2015) and New Orleans (2009). Also since 2002, each team has won at least three division titles, the only such division in the league. On January 3, 2021, the New Orleans Saints became the first ever team to sweep the NFC South. Entering 2019, the Saints have the most wins among division members. The Saints' record is 375–438–5; their win in Super Bowl XLIV is the highlight of a 10–12 playoff record. The

This is a document about Super Bowl
  13 NFL teams formed the National Football Conference (NFC). All games since 1971's Super Bowl V have been played between the two best teams from each conference, with the NFC leading the AFC 26–25. Of the NFL's current 32 teams, 20 (11 NFC, 9 AFC) have won a Super Bowl and 14 (8 AFC, 6 NFC) hold multiple titles. The AFC's New England Patriots and Pittsburgh Steelers have the most Super Bowl titles at six each; the Patriots also have the most appearances at 11. At five losses each, the Patriots and the Denver Broncos of the AFC hold the record for the most

This is a document about List of Super Bowl champions
 Green Bay Packers (twice: Super Bowls I and II; XXXI and XXXII) ; Dallas Cowboys (thrice: V and VI; XII and XIII; XXVII and XXVIII) ; Miami Dolphins (VI, VII, and VIII) ; Minnesota Vikings (VIII and IX) ; Pittsburgh Steelers (twice: IX and X; XIII and XIV) ; Washington Redskins (XVII and XVIII) ; Denver Broncos (twice: XXI and XXII; XXXII and XXXIII) ; San Francisco 49ers (XXIII and XXIV) ; Buffalo Bills (XXV, XXVI, XXVII, and XXVIII) ; New England Patriots (twice: XXXVIII and XXXIX; LI, LII, and LIII) ; Seattle Seahawks (XLVIII and XLIX) ; Kansas City Chiefs (LIV and LV) The Buffalo Bills have the most consecutive appearances with four from 1990 to 1993. The Miami Dolphins (1971–1973)

This is a document about Super Bowl curse
  NFC Championship Game. From 1966–2011 (excluding the six Super Bowl games held in a stadium without a professional team), the Super Bowl host team has had 11 winning seasons, four split seasons, and 25 losing seasons. Mathematically, the probability of that many losing seasons or more occurring by chance (assuming a 50 percent chance of having a losing season (disregarding .500 seasons)) is 7.69 percent. The Super Bowl host stadium is selected several years before the game is played, without regard to the teams that qualify. Besides the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, two other NFL teams have reached the Super Bowl hosted in their home region:

This is a document about Martín Gramática
  New Orleans Saints, he kicked 4-of-4 field goal attempts with a long of 32 yards, before suffering a right hamstring strain in the second half. He missed the season finale against the Baltimore Ravens. In the 13-17 wild card playoff loss against the Philadelphia Eagles, he kicked 3-of-3 field goal attempts. In 2002, he tallied 32-of-39 field goals (82.1%), 32-of-32 extra points (100%). In the eighth game against the Carolina Panthers, he scored the 400th career point, while kicking 4-of-4 field goals with a long of 53 yards. He was a part of the winning Super Bowl XXXVII team, making

This is a document about National Football Conference
  a result of the 2002 realignment. The Carolina Panthers joined the NFC in 1995. Parity is generally greater among NFC teams than AFC teams. The only NFC team that has never made a Super Bowl appearance is the Detroit Lions. Since the 2002 division realignment, the NFC has sent 12 different teams to the Super Bowl, whereas the AFC has only sent 7: the Baltimore Ravens (1 time), the Las Vegas Raiders (1 time), the Kansas City Chiefs (2 times), the Denver Broncos (2 times), the Indianapolis Colts (2 times), the Pittsburgh Steelers (3 times) and the New England Patriots (9

This is a document about America's Team
  Saints in the Louisiana Superdome. Other examples are the NFL games featuring the Cowboys that result in record-breaking ratings at the time of broadcast, such as 7 of the 8 Super Bowl games featuring the Cowboys and the NFC Championship Game between the Cowboys and 49ers, the only non-Super Bowl NFL game to be ranked in the Top 45 Primetime Telecasts of All Time. Dallas is the only NFL team that distributes its own merchandise, which remains among the league's top selling even during losing seasons. As of 2012 the Cowboys were the most valuable American sports franchise at $2.1

This is a document about List of Washington Football Team seasons
  American football championships including two NFL Championships and three Super Bowls. The franchise captured ten NFL divisional titles and six NFL conference championships. Washington won the 1937 and 1942 Championship games, as well as Super Bowl XVII, XXII, and XXVI. They also played in and lost the 1936, 1940, 1943, and 1945 Championship games, as well as Super Bowl VII and XVIII. They have made 24 postseason appearances, and have an overall postseason record of 23 wins and 19 losses. Only five teams have appeared in more Super Bowls than Washington: the New England Patriots (eleven), the Dallas Cowboys, Pittsburgh Steelers, Denver Broncos (eight), and San Francisco 49ers (six); Washington's five appearances are tied with

This is a document about List of Super Bowl champions
  and the Bills have lost four. The record for consecutive wins is two and is shared by seven franchises: the Green Bay Packers (1966–1967), the Miami Dolphins (1972–1973), the Pittsburgh Steelers (1974–1975 and 1978–1979, the only team to accomplish this feat twice and the only team with four wins in six consecutive seasons), the San Francisco 49ers (1988–1989), the Dallas Cowboys (1992–1993), the Denver Broncos (1997–1998), and the New England Patriots (2003–2004). Among those, Dallas (1992–1993; 1995) and New England (2001; 2003–2004) are the only teams to win three out of four consecutive Super Bowls. The 1972 Dolphins capped off

This is a document about New Orleans Saints
  franchises in their first several decades, where they went 20 consecutive seasons without a winning record or qualifying for the playoffs. They earned their first winning record and postseason berth in 1987, while their first playoff win would not occur until 2000, their 34th season. The team's fortunes improved amid the 21st century, which saw them become more consistent postseason contenders. Their greatest success to date came in the 2009 season, when they won Super Bowl XLIV, the team's first Super Bowl appearance. The Saints are one of two NFL franchises to win their sole Super Bowl appearance, along with the New York Jets, and the most recent to do so.

This is a document about National Football League rivalries
  seven-hour trip between the two cities. Unless you've attended a Falcons-Saints debauchery-filled afternoon, you'll just have to take my word for how much fun it really can be." Atlanta leads the series 53–51 (52–51 regular season, 1–0 playoffs). From 2006 onward, the teams have become consistent playoff threats, New Orleans appropriated five division titles in 2006, 2009, 2011, 2017, and 2018 while the Falcons made the playoffs in 2008 and captured the division in 2010, 2012 and 2016. Both teams have reached the Super Bowl, only once New Orleans and twice Atlanta (the Saints won Super Bowl XLIV over the Colts 31–17, while Atlanta lost Super Bowl XXXIII to the Broncos 34–19 and Super Bowl LI to the Patriots 34–28).

This is a document about Effect of Hurricane Katrina on the New Orleans Saints
  season in their history up to that time, reaching the NFC Championship Game for the first time in franchise history. In April 2009, the franchise reached a deal that would keep the Saints in New Orleans until at least 2025. In the 2009 season, the Saints finished 13–3 and defeated the Indianapolis Colts in Super Bowl XLIV. In July 2012, Rebirth, a statue depicting Gleason blocking the punt, was erected outside the Superdome; a news report commented that the blocked punt "etched Steve Gleason into Saints lore and became symbolic of New Orleans' resilience in the face of disaster".

The New Orleans Saints have won the Super Bowl once, specifically in Super Bowl XLIV in 2010.


Question: who won rookie of the year in nascar 2017

Answer: Erik Jones

This is a document about 2017 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series
   The 2017 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series was the 69th season of professional stock car racing in the United States, and the 46th modern-era Cup series season. The season began at Daytona International Speedway with the Advance Auto Parts Clash, the Can-Am Duel qualifying races and the 59th running of the Daytona 500. The season ended with the Ford EcoBoost 400 at Homestead-Miami Speedway. Jimmie Johnson entered the season as the defending champion, having won his record-tying seventh Cup championship that he shares with Richard Petty and Dale Earnhardt. Martin Truex Jr. of Furniture Row Racing won the championship, his first in the series. Toyota

This is a document about 2002 NASCAR Winston Cup Series
  Because he had more wins, a teammate/mentor in Jeff Gordon, and the higher position in points, Jimmie Johnson was the favorite to win Rookie of the Year. But in the end, his rival Ryan Newman was named the victor. Newman's one win seemed mild to Johnson's record-tying three victories and even leading the championship standings at one point, but Newman broke the record for pole positions. The rookie points system is separate from the championship system, and only a driver's 15 best finishes counted towards the award. Newman's 15 best finishes were better than Johnson's, despite Johnson having the better run in championship points. Shawna Robinson and Carl Long, the only other racers who declared for the award, did not run enough races to remain eligible.

This is a document about 2017 Daytona 500
  The 2017 Daytona 500, the 59th running of the event, was held on February 26, 2017, and was won by Kurt Busch of Stewart-Haas Racing. This was Busch's first Daytona 500 win, and his first career win on a restrictor plate track. Ryan Blaney finished second, and A. J. Allmendinger finished third. This race was contested for 200 laps on the 2.5 mi asphalt superspeedway. It was the first race of the 2017 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season, and also marked the first race for Monster Energy as the new title sponsor for NASCAR's top series, replacing Sprint. Jeffrey Earnhardt made NASCAR history when he became the first ever fourth generation driver to compete in the Daytona 500. This was the final Daytona 500 start for Dale Earnhardt Jr., Matt Kenseth, Elliott Sadler, Cole Whitt, and Michael Waltrip.

This is a document about 2018 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series
  final round at Homestead. Logano won three races during the course of the season, having also won the spring race at Talladega and the fall race at Martinsville. Austin Dillon was the Daytona 500 winner. Kyle Busch and Harvick won the most races with eight each, with Denny Hamlin and seven-time series champion Jimmie Johnson concluding their first winless seasons in full-time Cup competition. The 2018 season also marked the fifteenth consecutive and final time that Johnson made the playoffs since its inception in 2004. Erik Jones and Chase Elliott won their first career victories and William Byron became Rookie of the Year.

This is a document about 2017 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series
  to fresher tires gained by running longer on his penultimate set (and despite losing time as he missed pit road coming in for his last stop). Hamlin brushed the wall and got into Landon Cassill in the closing laps, but was able to take the lead after Truex had a tire go down, picking up both his second win of the season and his second at Darlington. Despite losing the race after winning both stages, Martin Truex Jr. clinched the 2017 Regular Season Championship after finishing 8th and leaving with a 107-point lead going into the final race. Days

This is a document about List of NASCAR Cup Series champions
  The NASCAR Cup Series Drivers' Championship is awarded by the chairman of NASCAR to the most successful NASCAR Cup Series racing car driver over a season, as determined by a points system based on race results. The Drivers' Championship was first awarded in 1949 to Red Byron. The first driver to win multiple Championships was Herb Thomas in 1951 and 1953. The current Drivers' Champion is Kyle Larson, who won his first NASCAR Cup Series championship in 2021. The NASCAR points system has undergone several incarnations since its initial implementation. Originally, races awarded points by a complicated system based upon final positioning and weighted by prize money purses, such that higher-paying events gave more points. Soon after the advent of the modern era in 1972, the championship was decided by a more basic cumulative point total based solely upon a driver's finishing position in

This is a document about Dale Earnhardt
  is the only driver in NASCAR Winston Cup history to follow a Rookie of the Year title with a NASCAR Winston Cup Championship the next season. He was also the third driver in NASCAR history to win both the Rookie of the Year and Winston Cup Series championship, following David Pearson (1960, 1966) and Richard Petty (1959, 1964). Ten drivers have since joined this exclusive club: Rusty Wallace (1984, 1989), Alan Kulwicki (1986, 1992), Jeff Gordon (1993, 1995), Tony Stewart (1999, 2002), Matt Kenseth (2000, 2003), Kevin Harvick (2001, 2014), Kyle Busch (2005, 2015), Joey Logano (2009, 2018), Chase Elliott (2016, 2020), and Kyle Larson (2014, 2021).

This is a document about 2013 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series
  be an all-night duel between young drivers Erik Jones and Ross Chastain. Following a caution caused by dual spins by Timothy Peters and Bubba Wallace, Jones would pass Chastain on the restart with 10 to go and hang on to become the youngest winner in series history at 17 years, 5 months, 16 days, beating Chase Elliott's record from September. Points leader Matt Crafton continued his top-10 form, and only needed to start the final round at Homestead to win his maiden NASCAR championship. At the season finale at Homestead-Miami Speedway, while Crafton wrapped up the championship by starting his

This is a document about 2001 NASCAR Winston Cup Series
  Kevin Harvick emerged as the victor of the Rookie of the Year battle despite not declaring for the award until the second race of the season, as he took over for Dale Earnhardt following his fatal crash. Harvick won 2 races and finished 9th in points. Kurt Busch finished 2nd, despite only having one year of experience in a major NASCAR series. 3rd-place finisher Casey Atwood was pre-season favorite, but was held back due to a rough start and only finished 26th in points. Jason Leffler had a sub-par season that cost him his job with Chip Ganassi Racing, and Ron Hornaday Jr. was a disappointment after years of success in the Busch and Truck series. The last-place driver was Andy Houston, another pre-season favorite who had a tough season, suffering from several DNQs and DNFs that resulted in his team closing after the Kansas race.

This is a document about 2018 Daytona 500
  Back to the green flag with 73 to go, Denny Hamlin took the lead with 28 to go and led 3 laps, and Ryan Blaney assumed the lead with 26 to go and led 26 laps. The caution flew for the seventh time with 9 to go for a single-car spin as William Byron spun out into turn 2, so that meant Joey Logano won the free pass under caution. Racing resumed with 6 to go and a major multi-car wreck (a third "The Big One") brought out the eighth caution of the race. 2017 Daytona 500 winner Kurt Busch tried to pass Denny Hamlin but contact behind him triggered the melee. A total of twelve cars were involved were Kurt Busch, Martin Truex Jr., Matt DiBenedetto, Ricky Stenhouse Jr., Ryan Blaney, Alex Bowman, Ryan Newman, Joey Logano, Bubba Wallace, Jeffrey Earnhardt, Brendan Gaughan, and A. J. Allmendinger. The multi-car wreck sent the race into overtime.

This is a document about 2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series
  Stewart-Haas Racing claimed the drivers' championship and owners' championship, while Chevrolet won the manufacturer's championship. In one of the largest rookie classes in recent history, Kyle Larson was named Rookie of the Year. The 2014 season was the first Cup Series season without NASCAR legend Mark Martin since 1985 after he retired following the end of the 2013 season. Additionally, this was also the first Cup season without Ken Schrader since 2009, Tony Raines since 2001, Scott Riggs since 2003, Elliott Sadler since 1996 (he would return 3 years later in 2017), Scott Speed since 2007, and Kenny Wallace since 1989. However, excluding 2009, this was the first season without Schrader since 1983.

This is a document about 2019 Ford EcoBoost 200
  front on slightly worn tires. In the final round of green flag pit stops, Eckes pitted 10 laps before the others, while Hill stayed out for an extra 9 laps before pitting. Friesen was hit by Angela Ruch while entering his pit stall, costing him significant time. He later lacked long run speed, eliminating his chances of winning. Hill won the race by around 1.5 seconds over Matt Crafton, who became the 2019 champion despite not winning a single race during the season. Eckes finished third, giving Kyle Busch Motorsports the owner's championship. Chastain finished fourth and Moffitt finished fifth. Joe Nemechek, who started 23rd and finished 14th, broke Richard Petty's all-time start record across NASCAR's top 3 series, starting his 1,186th NASCAR race.

This is a document about 2009 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series
  The clear favorite for Rookie of the year was 18-year-old standout Joey Logano. Despite struggling early in the year, Logano became the youngest winner in Sprint Cup Series history by winning the rain shortened Lenox Industrial Tools 301. The other competitors, former Formula One drivers Scott Speed and Max Papis, struggled to adjust to stock cars.

This is a document about 2006 NASCAR Nextel Cup Series
 Clint Bowyer, No. 07 Chevrolet (Richard Childress Racing) ; Denny Hamlin, No. 11 Chevrolet (Joe Gibbs Racing) --winner of the Raybestos Rookie of the Year award ; David Stremme, No. 40 Dodge (Chip Ganassi Racing with Felix Sabates) ; Martin Truex Jr., No. 1 Chevrolet (Dale Earnhardt, Inc.) ; Brent Sherman, released from No. 49 Dodge (BAM Racing) ; Reed Sorenson, No. 41 Dodge (Chip Ganassi Racing with Felix Sabates) ; J. J. Yeley, No. 18 Chevrolet (Joe Gibbs Racing)  The battle for ROTY was not expected to be fierce, as many predicted that two time Busch Series champion Martin Truex Jr. would handily win the award, and possibly be a Chase contender. However, this was not to be as Joe Gibbs Racing driver Denny Hamlin shocked the NASCAR world the previous year by winning his first

This is a document about Chase Elliott
  Elliott joined the Sprint Cup Series full-time in 2016, driving the No. 24 with Alan Gustafson as crew chief. Elliott carried primary sponsorship from NAPA Auto Parts (twenty-four races), 3M (five races), SunEnergy1 (four races), Kelley Blue Book (two races), and Mountain Dew (two races). He won the 2016 Rookie of the Year over Ryan Blaney, Chris Buescher, Jeffrey Earnhardt, and Brian Scott. In his Daytona 500 debut, Elliott won the pole with a speed of 196.314 mph. At the age of 20, he became the youngest pole-sitter in 500 history. Elliott led three laps in the race, but on lap 18, spun exiting turn four and slid into the grass, damaging the front of the car. Elliott returned to the race

This is a document about 2015 Quaker State 400
 Coors Light Pole Award: None ; 3M Lap Leader: Kyle Busch (163 laps) ; American Ethanol Green Flag Restart Award: Kyle Busch ; Duralast Brakes "Bake In The Race" Award: Brad Keselowski ; Freescale "Wide Open": Matt Kenseth ; Ingersoll Rand Power Move: Ryan Newman (3 positions) ; MAHLE Clevite Engine Builder of the Race: Toyota Racing Development, #18 ; Mobil 1 Driver of the Race: Kyle Busch (148.4 driver rating) ; Moog Steering and Suspension Problem Solver of The Race: Carl Edwards (crew chief Darian Grubb (0.302 seconds)) ; NASCAR Sprint Cup Leader Bonus: No winner: rolls over to $150,000 at next event ; Sherwin-Williams Fastest Lap: Carl Edwards (Lap 148, 30.367, 177.825 mph) ; Sunoco Rookie of The Race: Brett Moffitt

This is a document about 2020 NASCAR Cup Series
  and hold off teammate Tyler Reddick for his first win since the 2018 Daytona 500. Round 19: Super Start Batteries 400 presented by O'Reilly Auto Parts  A random draw gave the pole to Kevin Harvick. Kyle Busch won the first stage while the second was won by Brad Keselowski. Joey Logano cut a tire and slammed the wall, collecting Austin Dillon, Jimmie Johnson, and Matt DiBenedetto. On the restart, Christopher Bell spun and collected Ryan Newman, Chris Buescher, and Ryan Preece. Denny Hamlin led the most laps and passed Harvick for the lead and held off Keselowski for his fifth win

This is a document about Kurt Busch
  Stewart-Haas Racing switched to Ford for the 2017 season, a manufacturer who had not won a Cup championship since Busch's 2004 campaign with Roush. Busch started off 2017 with a crash in the Advance Auto Parts Clash after Jimmie Johnson got loose and spun, collecting Busch. A week later, Busch won the Daytona 500, passing Kyle Larson on the last lap. Busch struggled throughout the rest of the year, obtaining a 14th place in the standings with 6 Top-5s, 14 Top-10s and 7 DNFs.

This is a document about List of Daytona 500 winners
  been rescheduled from their original dates: The 2017 Daytona 500 was first time the "stage format" was used in the Daytona 500; it was set up in three stages similar to the all star race (but without the requirement to pit), where drivers are given an chance to pit if they wish to do so. Kyle Busch won the first stage earning him ten points in the new points format, Kevin Harvick won the second stage and Kurt Busch won the final stage in a dramatic last lap pass (passing Kyle Larson who ran out of gas) to win the race.

This is a document about Joey Logano
  Joseph Thomas Logano (born May 24, 1990), is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 22 Ford Mustang GT for Team Penske. Logano is the 2018 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series champion. He previously drove the No. 20 Toyota Camry for Joe Gibbs Racing from 2009 to 2012, scoring two wins, 16 top-five finishes, and 41 top tens. He also competed in the No. 02 Toyota Camry for Joe Gibbs Racing and the No. 96 Toyota Camry for Hall of Fame Racing, both in 2008 on a part-time basis. Logano's first major NASCAR win came during the Meijer 300 at Kentucky Speedway in just his third start in the 2008 Nationwide Series. He became the youngest driver

Erik Jones won Rookie of the Year in the 2017 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series.


Question: what is the distance of a point from y axis called

Answer: the ordinate

This is a document about Abscissa and ordinate
 abscissa  The distance of a point from y-axis scaled with the x-axis is called abscissa or x coordinate of the point. The distance of a point from x-axis scaled with the y-axis is called ordinate. In common usage, the abscissa refers to the horizontal (x) axis and the ordinate refers to the vertical (y) axis of a standard two-dimensional graph. For example, if (x, y) is an ordered pair, then y is the ordinate here. An ordered pair is used to denote a point in the Cartesian plane and the first coordinate (x), in the plane, is called the abscissa. The distance of a point from y-axis scaled with the x-axis is called abscissa or x coordinate of the point. In mathematics,

This is a document about Point plotting
  the positive directions. Also, one picks a segment in the plane which is declared to be of unit length. Using rotated versions of this segment, one can measure distances along the x and y axes. Having the origin and the axes in place, given a pair (x, y) of real numbers, one considers the point on the x axis at distance |x| from the origin and along the positive direction if x≥0, and the other direction otherwise. In the same way one picks the point on the y axis corresponding to the number y. The line parallel to the y axis going through the first point and the line parallel to the x axis going through the second point will intersect at precisely one point, which will be called the point with coordinates (x, y).

This is a document about Cartesian coordinate system
  A Cartesian coordinate system in a plane is a coordinate system that specifies each point uniquely by a pair of numerical coordinates, which are the signed distances to the point from two fixed perpendicular oriented lines, measured in the same unit of length. Each reference line is called a coordinate axis or just axis (plural axes) of the system, and the point where they meet is its origin, at ordered pair (0, 0). The coordinates can also be defined as the positions of the perpendicular projections of the point onto the two axes, expressed as signed distances from the origin. One can use the same principle to specify the position of any point in three-dimensional space by three

This is a document about Distance from a point to a plane
  In Euclidean space, the distance from a point to a plane is the distance between a given point and its orthogonal projection on the plane, the perpendicular distance to the nearest point on the plane. It can be found starting with a change of variables that moves the origin to coincide with the given point then finding the point on the shifted plane.

This is a document about Pythagorean theorem
  The distance formula in Cartesian coordinates is derived from the Pythagorean theorem. If (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) are points in the plane, then the distance between them, also called the Euclidean distance, is given by  The squared form is a smooth, convex function of both points, and is widely used in optimization theory and statistics, forming the basis of least squares.

This is a document about Eyeglass prescription
  The axis defines the location of the sphere and cylinder powers. The name "axis" comes from the concept of generating a cylinder by rotating a line around an axis. The curve of that cylinder is 90° from that axis of rotation. When dealing with toric lenses, the axis defines the orientation of the steepest and flattest curvatures relative to horizontal and vertical. The "3 o'clock" position is defined as zero, and the 90th meridian is a vertical line. A horizontal line passes through both zero and the 180th meridians. By convention, a horizontal axis is recorded as 180. In a regular toric lens, the flattest and steepest curvatures are separated by 90°. As a result, the axis of the cylinder is also the

This is a document about Cartesian coordinate system
  determine the point P given its coordinates. The first and second coordinates are called the abscissa and the ordinate of P, respectively; and the point where the axes meet is called the origin of the coordinate system. The coordinates are usually written as two numbers in parentheses, in that order, separated by a comma, as in (3, −10.5). Thus the origin has coordinates (0, 0), and the points on the positive half-axes, one unit away from the origin, have coordinates (1, 0) and (0, 1). In mathematics, physics, and engineering, the first axis is usually defined or depicted as horizontal and oriented to the right, and the second axis

This is a document about Cylindrical coordinate system
  where all three coordinates can be given as zero. This is the intersection between the reference plane and the axis. The axis is variously called the cylindrical or longitudinal axis, to differentiate it from the polar axis, which is the ray that lies in the reference plane, starting at the origin and pointing in the reference direction. Other directions perpendicular to the longitudinal axis are called radial lines. The distance from the axis may be called the radial distance or radius, while the angular coordinate is sometimes referred to as the angular position or as the azimuth. The radius and the azimuth are together called the polar coordinates, as they correspond to a two-dimensional polar coordinate

This is a document about Coordinate systems for the hyperbolic plane
  Axial coordinates xa and ya are found by constructing a y-axis perpendicular to the x-axis through the origin. Like in the Cartesian coordinate system, the coordinates are found by dropping perpendiculars from the point onto the x and y-axes. xa is the distance from the foot of the perpendicular on the x-axis to the origin (regarded as positive on one side and negative on the other); ya is the distance from the foot of the perpendicular on the y-axis to the origin. Every point and most ideal points have axial coordinates, but not every pair of real numbers corresponds to a point. If

This is a document about Expansion of the universe
  To understand the metric expansion of the universe, it is helpful to discuss briefly what a metric is, and how metric expansion works. A metric defines the concept of distance, by stating in mathematical terms how distances between two nearby points in space are measured, in terms of the coordinate system. Coordinate systems locate points in a space (of whatever number of dimensions) by assigning unique positions on a grid, known as coordinates, to each point. Latitude and longitude, and x-y graphs are common examples of coordinates. A metric is a formula which describes how a number known as "distance" is to be measured between two points. It may

This is a document about Cartesian coordinate system
  of certain geometric figures, such as the unit circle (with radius equal to the length unit, and center at the origin), the unit square (whose diagonal has endpoints at (0, 0) and (1, 1)), the unit hyperbola, and so on. The two axes divide the plane into four right angles, called quadrants. The quadrants may be named or numbered in various ways, but the quadrant where all coordinates are positive is usually called the first quadrant. If the coordinates of a point are (x, y), then its distances from the X-axis and from the Y-axis are |y| and |x|, respectively; where |...| denotes the absolute value of a number.

This is a document about Radius
  In the cylindrical coordinate system, there is a chosen reference axis and a chosen reference plane perpendicular to that axis. The origin of the system is the point where all three coordinates can be given as zero. This is the intersection between the reference plane and the axis. The axis is variously called the cylindrical or longitudinal axis, to differentiate it from the polar axis, which is the ray that lies in the reference plane, starting at the origin and pointing in the reference direction. The distance from the axis may be called the radial distance or radius, while the angular coordinate is sometimes referred to as the angular position or as the azimuth. The radius and the azimuth are together called the polar coordinates, as they correspond to a two-dimensional polar coordinate system in the plane through the point, parallel to the reference plane. The third coordinate may be called the height or altitude (if the reference plane is considered horizontal), longitudinal position, or axial position.

This is a document about Coordinate systems for the hyperbolic plane
  The Lobachevsky coordinates xℓ and yℓ are found by dropping a perpendicular onto the x-axis. xℓ is the distance from the foot of the perpendicular to the x-axis to the origin (positive on one side and negative on the other, the same as in axial coordinates). yℓ is the distance along the perpendicular of the given point to its foot (positive on one side and negative on the other).

This is a document about Apollonius of Perga
  being rectilinear, or perpendicular to one another. These edges of the window become, in the Cartesian coordinate system, the axes. One specifies the rectilinear distances of any point from the axes as the coordinates. The ancient Greeks did not have that convention. They simply referred to distances. Apollonius does have a standard window in which he places his figures. Vertical measurement is from a horizontal line he calls the “diameter.” The word is the same in Greek as it is in English, but the Greek is somewhat wider in its comprehension. If the figure of the conic section is cut by a grid of parallel lines, the diameter bisects all the line segments included between

This is a document about Perpendicular
  The distance from a point to a line is the distance to the nearest point on that line. That is the point at which a segment from it to the given point is perpendicular to the line. Likewise, the distance from a point to a curve is measured by a line segment that is perpendicular to a tangent line to the curve at the nearest point on the curve. Perpendicular regression fits a line to data points by minimizing the sum of squared perpendicular distances from the data points to the line. The distance from a point to a plane is measured as the length from the point along a segment that is perpendicular to the plane, meaning that it is perpendicular to all lines in the plane that pass through the nearest point in the plane to the given point.

This is a document about Perpendicular axis theorem
  Working in Cartesian coordinates, the moment of inertia of the planar body about the measures the distance from the axis of rotation, so for a y-axis rotation, deviation distance from the axis of rotation of a point is equal to its x coordinate.

This is a document about Geodesy
 1) Plano-polar, in which points in a plane are defined by a distance s from a specified point along a ray having a specified direction α with respect to a base line or axis; ; 2) Rectangular, points are defined by distances from two perpendicular axes called x and y. It is geodetic practice—contrary to the mathematical convention—to let the x-axis point to the north and the y-axis to the east. In surveying and mapping, important fields of application of geodesy, two general types of coordinate systems are used in the plane:  Rectangular coordinates in the plane can be used intuitively with respect to one's current location, in which case the x-axis will point to the local north. More formally, such coordinates can be obtained from three-dimensional

This is a document about Angular frequency
  In a rotating or orbiting object, there is a relation between distance from the axis,

This is a document about Point plotting
  Point plotting is an elementary mathematical skill required in analytic geometry. Invented by René Descartes and originally used to locate positions on military maps, this skill is now assumed of everyone who wants to locate grid 7A on any map. Using point plotting, one associates an ordered pair of real numbers (x, y) with a point in the plane in a one-to-one manner. As a result, one obtains the 2-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. To be able to plot points, one needs to first decide on a point in plane which will be called the origin, and a couple of perpendicular lines, called the x and y axes, as well as a preferred direction on each of the lines. Usually one chooses the x axis pointing right and the y axis pointing up, and these will be

This is a document about Lapa do Santo
  with geographic east-west (increasing towards east). The x-axis is also referred to as the east-west or E-W axis. X-axis and y-axis define a horizontal plane. The z-axis is perpendicular to the plane defined by x-axis and y-axis and is therefore also referred to as the vertical axis or absolute depth (decreasing with progressive depth). The origin of the coordinate system (i.e. x=0, y=0, y=0) was conveniently positioned outside the sheltered area. An arbitrary grid with squares of 1 meter per side was established starting from the origin of the coordinate system. In the x-axis, each one-meter interval was sequentially labeled with letters (A,B,C,D, etc.) and in the y-axis, each one-meter interval was sequentially labeled with numbers (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc.). The excavation of the site followed this grid and the unit's code refers to this system (e.g. L11, B13, Z14).

The distance of a point from the y-axis is called the y-coordinate or the ordinate of the point. It is the signed distance of the point from the y-axis in a Cartesian coordinate system.


Question: who did the music for jesus christ superstar

Answer: Andrew Lloyd Webber

This is a document about I Don't Know How to Love Him
  "I Don't Know How to Love Him" had originally been published with different lyrics in the autumn of 1967, the original title being "Kansas Morning". The melody's main theme has come under some scrutiny for being non-original, being compared to a theme from Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto in E Minor. In December 1969 and January 1970, when Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice completed Jesus Christ Superstar, Rice wrote new lyrics to the tune of "Kansas Morning" to provide the solo number for the character of Mary Magdalene (Rice and Webber's agent David Land would purchase the rights to "Kansas Morning" back from Southern Music for £50). Now entitled "I Don't Know How to

This is a document about Jesus Christ Superstar
  Jesus Christ Superstar is a sung-through rock opera with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Tim Rice. Loosely based on the Gospels' accounts of the Passion, the work interprets the psychology of Jesus and other characters, with much of the plot centered on Judas, who is dissatisfied with the direction in which Jesus is steering his disciples. Contemporary attitudes, sensibilities and slang pervade the rock opera's lyrics, and ironic allusions to modern life are scattered throughout the depiction of political events. Stage and film productions accordingly contain many intentional anachronisms. Initially unable to get backing for a stage production, the composers released it as a concept album, the success of which led to the show's Broadway on-stage debut in 1971. By 1980, the musical had grossed more than US$237 million worldwide. Running for over eight years in London between 1972 and 1980, it held the record for longest-running West End musical before it was overtaken by Cats in 1989.

This is a document about Jesus Christ Superstar (1996 London Cast)
  Jesus Christ Superstar (1996 London Cast) is a soundtrack album released in 1996. Jesus Christ Superstar is a rock opera created by Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber in 1970. This is the 1996 revival version supervised by Lloyd Webber himself. This album features Steve Balsamo (as Jesus), Zubin Varla (as Judas) and Joanna Ampil (as Mary Magdalene). Rocker Alice Cooper was brought in to sing King Herod's Song, which differs from the actual 1996 cast.

This is a document about Rock opera
  rock influences. The resulting rock operas have met varying degrees of success as the worlds of high art and low art mix. In Russian music, the term zong-opera (Зонг-опера) is sometimes used, since the first Soviet-Russian rock-opera Orpheus and Eurydice was described with this term, though the term "rock-opera" was already known in the Soviet rock music circles. A rock opera that experienced commercial recording and Broadway success is Jesus Christ Superstar, written by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice, and in respect of which Lloyd Webber said "the piece was written as a rock album from the outset and set out from the start to tell the story through the music itself."

This is a document about Rock musical
  and featured a gender-switching version of William Shakespeare's Twelfth Night. Jesus Christ Superstar, composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice, began as an album musical in 1970. The money made from album sales was used to fund the subsequent stage production in late 1971. This show and some other rock musicals that have no dialogue or are otherwise reminiscent of opera, with dramatic, emotional themes, are sometimes styled "rock operas". The musical Godspell (1971), had similar religious themes (albeit with a less controversial treatment) and pop/rock influences. The genre continued to develop through the 1970s with shows such as Grease and Pippin. The rock musical soon moved in other directions with shows

This is a document about Superstar (Jesus Christ Superstar song)
  In order to get the concept album of Jesus Christ Superstar off the ground, Decca/MCA first gave Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice money to make the single and begin the album. They wanted to release the single first, which caused uproar within the MCA board at the time. The single was recorded on 8-track equipment at the Olympic Studios in Barnes, London, with Irish 22-year-old Alan O'Duffy as the chief engineer. Lloyd Webber and Rice were backed by MCA and spent a small fortune on the recording, including using a full orchestra and the backing vocals of the Trinidad Singers. The Grease Band, one of the best rhythm sections in the world at that time, were brought in as the foundation of the ensemble.

This is a document about Superstar (Jesus Christ Superstar song)
  "Superstar" is the title song from the 1970 album and 1971 rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar written by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice.

This is a document about Jesus Christ Superstar (film)
  As producer Robert Stigwood was not yet known to have formed "The Robert Stigwood Organization," Jesus Christ Superstar is not generally considered a production of RSO Films, the movies-and-television arm of that organization. Nor, in spite of Andrew Lloyd Webber having composed the musical score, is the film commonly identified with "The Really Useful Company," through which Lloyd Webber was doing most of his stage and screen work as of late November 2020. The film is considered a Universal Picture, since Universal did fund and distribute it.

This is a document about Artie Wayne
  with Patti Dahlstrom which was dedicated to their late friend, the singer Jim Croce who had recently died in a plane crash. When his friend Don Williams from rival publishing company MCA Music played him an acetate of the unreleased Rock Opera, "Jesus Christ Superstar" by Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber, he sensed it was going to be a phenomenon. Williams, Wayne and their friend Allan Rinde promoted the record to their "underground tastemaker" friends. MCA records as well as Rice and Webber credit the trio with breaking the record in the US. At the Tokyo Music Festival in 1974, Wayne found a song from South African songwriter

This is a document about Jesus Christ Superstar
  Superstar opened at the Palace Theatre in London in 1972, starring Paul Nicholas as Jesus, Stephen Tate as Judas and Dana Gillespie as Mary Magdalene. It was directed by Australian Jim Sharman. This production was much more successful than the original production on Broadway, running for eight years and becoming the United Kingdom's longest-running musical at the time. Dmitri Shostakovich attended this production in London just before his death. He regretted that he could not have composed something like it; he lauded especially a rock band underpinning full symphonic strings, brass and woodwind. One of the earliest foreign productions was a five-day run in Sweden

This is a document about Jesus Christ Superstar (album)
  Jesus Christ Superstar is a 1970 album musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice, on which the 1971 rock opera of the same name was based. Initially unable to get backing for a stage production, the composers released it as an album, the success of which led to stage productions. The album musical is a musical dramatisation of the last week of the life of Jesus Christ, beginning with his entry into Jerusalem and ending with the Crucifixion. It was originally banned by the BBC on grounds of being "sacrilegious". By 1983, the album had sold over 7 million copies worldwide.

This is a document about Jesus Christ Superstar (film)
  Jesus Christ Superstar is a 1973 American musical drama film directed by Norman Jewison and jointly written for the screen by Jewison and Melvyn Bragg; they based their screenplay on the 1970 rock opera of the same name, the libretto (book and lyrics) of which were written by Tim Rice and whose music was composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber. The film, featuring a cast of Ted Neeley, Carl Anderson, Yvonne Elliman, Barry Dennen, Bob Bingham, Larry Marshall, Josh Mostel, Kurt Yaghjian and Philip Toubus, centers on the conflict between Judas and Jesus during the week of the crucifixion of Jesus. Neeley, Anderson, and Elliman were nominated for Golden Globe Awards in 1974 for their portrayals of Jesus, Judas, and Mary Magdalene, respectively. It attracted criticism from a few religious groups and received mixed reviews from critics.

This is a document about Jesus Christ Superstar (Original Australian Cast Recording)
  On 4 May 2018, Aztec Records released an audio 2CD set of a complete performance of Jesus Christ Superstar, recorded live at the Capitol Theatre in Sydney in December 1973. Unlike the studio recording, which had been released as a single LP in 1972, this recording contains the entire score of the rock opera. By this point in the production several of the original featured cast had left and been succeeded by other performers - Hines had replaced Fawdon as Mary Magdelene, Livermore had replaced Dicker as Herod, Tony Rose had replaced Ramsay as Pilate, and Wayne Matthews had replaced O'Donoghue as Peter. The recording is also significant for capturing Livermore's last performance as Herod before leaving the production (to be replaced by Jon Finlayson). The original 4-track source recording was made and preserved by cast member Peter Chambers, who performed various chorus roles during the run of the show, as well as understudying both White and English.

This is a document about Helen Reddy
  threw himself into his new career as Mr. Helen Reddy. Five months of phone calls to Capitol Records executive Artie Mogull finally paid off; Mogull agreed to let Helen cut one single if Jeff promised not to call for a month. She did "I Believe in Music" penned by Mac Davis backed with "I Don't Know How to Love Him" from Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber's Jesus Christ Superstar. The A-side fell flat, but then some Canadian DJs flipped the record over and it became a hit – number 13 in June 1971 – and Helen Reddy was on her

This is a document about Jesus Christ Superstar (Original Australian Cast Recording)
  Jesus Christ Superstar or Jesus Christ Superstar – Original Australian Cast Recording is an album released in late 1972 on MCA Records. Jesus Christ Superstar is a rock opera created by Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber in 1970. The earliest Australian version was staged from May 1972 to February 1974. This album features Trevor White (as Jesus), Jon English (as Judas) and Michele Fawdon (as Mary Magdalene). Together with other cast members, they performed vocals for a studio recording. It was produced by Patrick Flynn, the show's musical director and a conductor for Opera Australia. The album peaked at No. 17 on the Go-Set Albums Chart in June 1973, while it reached No. 13 on the Kent Music Report and remained on its charts for 54 weeks. It appeared in the top 100 on the 1974 End of Year Albums Chart. In May 1973, the album was awarded a gold record for sales of 50,000 albums. The cast recording from the 1992 production won the Aria for Highest Selling Album and nominated for Best Original Soundtrack/Cast/Show Album.

This is a document about United Kingdom
  conductors include Sir Simon Rattle, Sir John Barbirolli and Sir Malcolm Sargent. Some of the notable film score composers include John Barry, Clint Mansell, Mike Oldfield, John Powell, Craig Armstrong, David Arnold, John Murphy, Monty Norman and Harry Gregson-Williams. George Frideric Handel became a naturalised British citizen and wrote the British coronation anthem, while some of his best works, such as Messiah, were written in the English language. Andrew Lloyd Webber is a prolific composer of musical theatre. His works have dominated London's West End since the late 20th century and have also been a commercial success worldwide. According to the website of

This is a document about Passion (music)
  In the English repertoire, the two classics are The Crucifixion (1887) by Sir John Stainer and Olivet to Calvary (1904) by John Henry Maunder. Other works include Sir Arthur Somervell's The Passion of Christ (1914), Charles Wood's St Mark Passion (1921) and Eric Thiman's The Last Supper (1930). More recent examples include James MacMillan's Seven Last Words from the Cross (1993), the Passion According to St. Matthew (1997), by Mark Alburger, The Passion According to the Four Evangelists by Scott King, and The Passion and Resurrection According To St. Mark (2015/2017) by Christian Asplund. Andrew Lloyd Webber's Jesus Christ Superstar (book and lyrics by Tim Rice), and Stephen Schwartz's Godspell both contain elements of the traditional passion accounts. Another modern version is by Adrian Snell (1980). Peter Gabriel's score to Martin Scorsese's 1988 film the Last Temptation of Christ was released as an album under the title Passion: Music for The Last Temptation of Christ.

This is a document about I Don't Know How to Love Him
  Him", the song was recorded by Yvonne Elliman and completed between March and July 1970. When first presented with "I Don't Know How to Love Him", Elliman had been puzzled by the romantic nature of the lyrics, as she had been under the impression that the Mary she'd been recruited to portray was Jesus's mother. Recorded in one take at Olympic Studios in June 1970, "I Don't Know How to Love Him" has been universally acclaimed as the high point of the Jesus Christ Superstar soundtrack since the album's September 1970 release; in 2003 The Rough Guide to Cult Pop would assess Elliman's performance: "It's rare to hear a singer combine such power

This is a document about 1973 in British music
 Jesus Christ Superstar, a film adaptation of the Andrew Lloyd Webber/Tim Rice rock opera, directed by Norman Jewison

This is a document about Andrew Lloyd Webber
  Among the accusations of plagiarism that Lloyd Webber has received, the Dutch composer Louis Andriessen stated that he: "has yet to think up a single note; in fact, the poor guy's never invented one note by himself. That's rather poor". Lloyd Webber's biographer, John Snelson, acknowledged a similarity between the andante movement of Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto in E minor and the Jesus Christ Superstar song "I Don't Know How to Love Him", but wrote that Lloyd Webber: "...brings a new dramatic tension to Mendelssohn's original melody through the confused emotions of Mary Magdalene. The opening theme may be Mendelssohn, but the rhythmic and harmonic treatment along with new lines of highly effective melodic

Andrew Lloyd Webber composed the music for "Jesus Christ Superstar."