Question: who gave the concept of game theory first

Answer: Charles Waldegrave

This is a document about Collaboration
  Game theory is a branch of applied mathematics, computer science, and economics that looks at situations where multiple players make decisions in an attempt to maximize their returns. The first documented discussion of game theory is in a letter written by James Waldegrave, 1st Earl Waldegrave in 1713. Antoine Augustin Cournot's Researches into the Mathematical Principles of the Theory of Wealth in 1838 provided the first general theory. In 1928 it became a recognized field when John von Neumann published a series of papers. Von Neumann's work in game theory culminated in the 1944 book The Theory of Games and Economic Behavior by von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern.

This is a document about Game theory
  As a method of applied mathematics, game theory has been used to study a wide variety of human and animal behaviors. It was initially developed in economics to understand a large collection of economic behaviors, including behaviors of firms, markets, and consumers. The first use of game-theoretic analysis was by Antoine Augustin Cournot in 1838 with his solution of the Cournot duopoly. The use of game theory in the social sciences has expanded, and game theory has been applied to political, sociological, and psychological behaviors as well. Although pre-twentieth-century naturalists such as Charles Darwin made game-theoretic kinds of statements, the use of game-theoretic analysis in biology began with Ronald Fisher's studies of animal behavior during the 1930s. This work predates the name "game theory", but it shares many

This is a document about Game theory
  Game theory is the study of mathematical models of strategic interactions among rational agents. It has applications in all fields of social science, as well as in logic, systems science and computer science. Originally, it addressed two-person zero-sum games, in which each participant's gains or losses are exactly balanced by those of other participants. In the 21st century, game theory applies to a wide range of behavioral relations, and is now an umbrella term for the science of logical decision making in humans, animals, and computers. Modern game theory began with the idea of mixed-strategy equilibria in two-person zero-sum game and its proof by John von Neumann. Von Neumann's original proof used the Brouwer fixed-point theorem on continuous mappings into compact convex sets, which became a standard method in game theory and mathematical

This is a document about Game theory
  Game theory did not really exist as a unique field until John von Neumann published the paper On the Theory of Games of Strategy in 1928. Von Neumann's original proof used Brouwer's fixed-point theorem on continuous mappings into compact convex sets, which became a standard method in game theory and mathematical economics. His paper was followed by his 1944 book Theory of Games and Economic Behavior co-authored with Oskar Morgenstern. The second edition of this book provided an axiomatic theory of utility, which reincarnated Daniel Bernoulli's old theory of utility (of money) as an independent discipline. Von Neumann's work in game

This is a document about Game theory
  His paper was followed by the 1944 book Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, co-written with Oskar Morgenstern, which considered cooperative games of several players. The second edition of this book provided an axiomatic theory of expected utility, which allowed mathematical statisticians and economists to treat decision-making under uncertainty. Game theory was developed extensively in the 1950s by many scholars. It was explicitly applied to evolution in the 1970s, although similar developments go back at least as far as the 1930s. Game theory has been widely recognized as an important tool in many fields. , with the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences going to game theorist Jean Tirole, eleven game theorists have won the economics Nobel Prize. John Maynard Smith was awarded the Crafoord Prize for his application of evolutionary game theory.

This is a document about Oskar Morgenstern
  pointed him to an article of John von Neumann, Zur Theorie der Gesellschaftsspiele (1928). During Morgenstern's visit to Princeton University, Adolf Hitler took over Vienna through the Anschluss Österreichs and Morgenstern decided to remain in the United States. He became a member of the faculty at Princeton but gravitated toward the Institute for Advanced Study. There, he met von Neumann and they collaborated to write Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, published in 1944, which is recognized as the first book on game theory. Game theory is a mathematical framework for the study of strategic structures which govern rational decision-making in certain

This is a document about History of microeconomics
   Later, some market models were built using game theory, particularly regarding oligopolies, which was being developed by John von Neumann at least from 1928. Game theory was originally applied to le Her and chess, both sequential games, economics as developed by Alfred Marshall on other hand, while adopting the Cartesian coordinate system, considered only static games. This may seem counterintuitive since Marshall considered that economic behavior might change in the long run and that "an equilibrium is stable; that is, the price, if displaced a little from it, will tend to return, as a pendulum oscillates about its lowest point", Nicholas Kaldor was aware of this problem:

This is a document about John von Neumann
  Von Neumann founded the field of game theory as a mathematical discipline. He proved his minimax theorem in 1928. It establishes that in zero-sum games with perfect information (i.e., in which players know at each time all moves that have taken place so far), there exists a pair of strategies for both players that allows each to minimize his maximum losses. When examining every possible strategy, a player must consider all the possible responses of his adversary. The player then plays out the strategy that will result in the minimization of his maximum loss. Such strategies, which minimize the maximum loss for each player, are called optimal. Von Neumann showed

This is a document about Game theory
  culminated in this 1944 book. This foundational work contains the method for finding mutually consistent solutions for two-person zero-sum games. Subsequent work focused primarily on cooperative game theory, which analyzes optimal strategies for groups of individuals, presuming that they can enforce agreements between them about proper strategies. In 1950, the first mathematical discussion of the prisoner's dilemma appeared, and an experiment was undertaken by notable mathematicians Merrill M. Flood and Melvin Dresher, as part of the RAND Corporation's investigations into game theory. RAND pursued the studies because of possible applications to global nuclear strategy. Around this same time, John Nash

This is a document about Charles L. Bouton
  In 1902 Bouton published a solution of the game Nim. This result is today viewed as the birth of combinatorial game theory.

This is a document about History of economic thought
  new factors of production. In 1944 Hungarian-American mathematician John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern published Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, founding Game Theory, which was widely adopted by economists. In 1951 Princeton mathematician John Forbes Nash Jr. published the article Non-Cooperative Games, becoming the first to define a Nash Equilibrium for non-zero-sum games. In 1956 American economist Robert Solow (1924–) and Australian economist Trevor Swan (1918–1989) proposed the Solow–Swan model, based on productivity, capital accumulation, population growth, and technological progress. In 1956 Swan also proposed the Swan diagram of the internal-external balance. In 1987 Solow was awarded the Nobel Economics Prize.

This is a document about Ars Conjectandi
  in 1663. The date which historians cite as the beginning of the development of modern probability theory is 1654, when two of the most well-known mathematicians of the time, Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat, began a correspondence discussing the subject. The two initiated the communication because earlier that year, a gambler from Paris named Antoine Gombaud had sent Pascal and other mathematicians several questions on the practical applications of some of these theories; in particular he posed the problem of points, concerning a theoretical two-player game in which a prize must be divided between the players due to external circumstances halting the game. The fruits of Pascal

This is a document about Utility
  Expected utility theory deals with the analysis of choices among risky projects with multiple (possibly multidimensional) outcomes. The St. Petersburg paradox was first proposed by Nicholas Bernoulli in 1713 and solved by Daniel Bernoulli in 1738. D. Bernoulli argued that the paradox could be resolved if decision-makers displayed risk aversion and argued for a logarithmic cardinal utility function. (Analysis of international survey data during the 21st century has shown that insofar as utility represents happiness, as for utilitarianism, it is indeed proportional to log of income.) The first important use of the expected utility theory was that of John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern, who used the assumption of expected utility maximization in their formulation of game theory. In finding the probability-weighted average of the utility from each possible outcome: EU=[Pr(z)×u(value(z))]+[Pr(y)×u(value(y))]

This is a document about Albert W. Tucker
  mathematics community. His Ph.D. students include Michel Balinski, David Gale, Alan J. Goldman, John Isbell, Stephen Maurer, Turing Award winner Marvin Minsky, Nobel Prize winner John Nash, Torrence Parsons, Nobel Prize winner Lloyd Shapley, Robert Singleton, and Marjorie Stein. Tucker advised and collaborated with Harold W. Kuhn on a number of papers and models. In 1950, Albert Tucker gave the name and interpretation "prisoner's dilemma" to Merrill M. Flood and Melvin Dresher's model of cooperation and conflict, resulting in the most well-known game theoretic paradox. He is also well known for the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions, a basic result in non-linear programming, which was published in conference proceedings, rather than in a journal. In the

This is a document about Nash equilibrium
  In game theory, the Nash equilibrium, named after the mathematician John Forbes Nash Jr., is the most common way to define the solution of a non-cooperative game involving two or more players. In a Nash equilibrium, each player is assumed to know the equilibrium strategies of the other players and no player has anything to gain by changing only their own strategy. The principle of Nash equilibrium dates back to the time of Cournot, who in 1838 applied it to competing firms choosing outputs. If each player has chosen a strategy — an action plan choosing their own actions based on what has happened so far in the game — and no player can increase their own expected payoff by changing their strategy while the other players keep theirs unchanged,

This is a document about 1950 in science
 John Forbes Nash, Jr. proposes the Nash equilibrium in game theory, initially in his Princeton doctoral thesis. ; The prisoner's dilemma is framed by Merrill Flood and Melvin Dresher at RAND and formalized and named by Albert W. Tucker.

This is a document about Game theory
  In 1965, Reinhard Selten introduced his solution concept of subgame perfect equilibria, which further refined the Nash equilibrium. Later he would introduce trembling hand perfection as well. In 1994 Nash, Selten and Harsanyi became Economics Nobel Laureates for their contributions to economic game theory. In the 1970s, game theory was extensively applied in biology, largely as a result of the work of John Maynard Smith and his evolutionarily stable strategy. In addition, the concepts of correlated equilibrium, trembling hand perfection, and common knowledge were introduced and analyzed. In 2005, game theorists Thomas Schelling and Robert Aumann followed Nash, Selten, and Harsanyi as Nobel Laureates. Schelling worked on dynamic models, early examples of evolutionary game theory. Aumann contributed

This is a document about Metagaming
  The origin of the idea of metagames originally came from the game theory field, with ideas first published in the groundbreaking Theory of Games and Economic Behavior by John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern in 1944, though the term itself was not originally used in that work. Instead, the first known use of the term was in Nigel Howard's book Paradoxes of Rationality: Theory of Metagames and Political Behavior published in 1971, where Howard used the term in his analysis of the Cold War political landscape using a variation of the Prisoner's Dilemma. The term gained more recent use towards game design by

This is a document about Hugo Steinhaus
  led him to propose an early formal definition of a strategy, anticipating John von Neumann's more complete treatment of a few years later. Consequently, he is considered an early founder of modern game theory. As a result of his work on infinite games Steinhaus, together with another of his students, Jan Mycielski, proposed the axiom of determinacy. Steinhaus was also an early contributor to, and co-founder of, probability theory, which at the time was in its infancy and not even considered an actual part of mathematics. He provided the first axiomatic measure-theoretic description of coin-tossing, which was to influence the full axiomatization of probability by the Russian mathematician Andrey

This is a document about Game theory
  Discussions on the mathematics of games began long before the rise of modern mathematical game theory. Cardano's work on games of chance in Liber de ludo aleae (Book on Games of Chance), which was written around 1564 but published posthumously in 1663, formulated some of the field's basic ideas. In the 1650s, Pascal and Huygens developed the concept of expectation on reasoning about the structure of games of chance, and Huygens published his gambling calculus in De ratiociniis in ludo aleæ (On Reasoning in Games of Chance) in 1657. In 1713, a letter attributed to Charles Waldegrave analyzed a game called "le Her". He was an active

The concept of game theory was first given by the Italian economist and mathematician John von Neumann in 1928, but it was not until his book "Theory of Games and Economic Behavior" in 1944 that the field of game theory became established.


Question: what percentage of blood is composed of plasma

Answer: 55 %

This is a document about Blood plasma fractionation
  Blood plasma is the liquid component of whole blood, and makes up approximately 55% of the total blood volume. It is composed primarily of water with small amounts of minerals, salts, ions, nutrients, and proteins in solution. In whole blood, red blood cells, leukocytes, and platelets are suspended within the plasma.

This is a document about Biofluid dynamics
  these 55 to 60 percent of blood by volume consists of plasma. Plasma is the transparent, amber-colored liquid in which the cellular components of blood are suspended. Plasma contains constituents such as proteins, electrolytes, hormones, and nutrients. The serum is blood plasma from which clotting factors have been removed. Blood accounts for 6 to 8 percent of body weight in normal, healthy humans. The density of blood is slightly greater than the density of water at approximately 1060 kg/m3. The increased density comes from the increased density of a red blood cell compared with the density of water or plasma. Rheology is the study of the deformation

This is a document about Hemodynamics
  Blood is a complex liquid. Blood is composed of plasma and formed elements. The plasma contains 91.5% water, 7% proteins and 1.5% other solutes. The formed elements are platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells. The presence of these formed elements and their interaction with plasma molecules are the main reasons why blood differs so much from ideal Newtonian fluids.

This is a document about Blood plasma
   Blood plasma is a light amber liquid component of blood that is freed from blood cells, but holds proteins and other constituents of whole blood in suspension. It makes up about 55% of the body's total blood volume. It is the intravascular part of extracellular fluid (all body fluid outside cells). It is mostly water (up to 95% by volume), and contains important dissolved proteins (6–8%) (e.g., serum albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen), glucose, clotting factors, electrolytes (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3−, Cl−, etc.), hormones, carbon dioxide (plasma being the main medium for excretory product transportation), and oxygen. It plays a vital role in an intravascular osmotic effect that keeps electrolyte concentration balanced and protects the body from infection and other blood disorders. Blood plasma is separated from the blood by spinning a tube of fresh blood containing an anticoagulant in a centrifuge until the blood cells fall

This is a document about Blood
  Blood accounts for 7% of the human body weight, with an average density around 1060 kg/m3, very close to pure water's density of 1000 kg/m3. The average adult has a blood volume of roughly 5 L or 1.3 gallons, which is composed of plasma and formed elements. The formed elements are the two types of blood cell or corpuscle – the red blood cells, (erythrocytes) and white blood cells (leukocytes), and the cell fragments called platelets that are involved in clotting. By volume, the red blood cells constitute about 45% of whole blood, the plasma about 54.3%, and white cells about 0.7%. Whole blood (plasma and cells) exhibits non-Newtonian fluid dynamics.

This is a document about Blood
 Serum albumin ; Blood-clotting factors (to facilitate coagulation) ; Immunoglobulins (antibodies) ; lipoprotein particles ; Various other proteins ; Various electrolytes (mainly sodium and chloride) About 55% of blood is blood plasma, a fluid that is the blood's liquid medium, which by itself is straw-yellow in color. The blood plasma volume totals of 2.7–3.0 liters (2.8–3.2 quarts) in an average human. It is essentially an aqueous solution containing 92% water, 8% blood plasma proteins, and trace amounts of other materials. Plasma circulates dissolved nutrients, such as glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids (dissolved in the blood or bound to plasma proteins), and removes waste products, such as carbon dioxide, urea, and lactic acid. Other important components include: The term serum refers to plasma from which the clotting proteins have been removed. Most of the proteins remaining are albumin and immunoglobulins.

This is a document about Blood
  Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells. In vertebrates, it is composed of blood cells suspended in blood plasma. Plasma, which constitutes 55% of blood fluid, is mostly water (92% by volume), and contains proteins, glucose, mineral ions, hormones, carbon dioxide (plasma being the main medium for excretory product transportation), and blood cells themselves. Albumin is the main protein in plasma, and it functions to regulate the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood. The blood cells are mainly

This is a document about Chromatography in blood processing
  Blood plasma is the liquid component of blood, which contains dissolved proteins, nutrients, ions, and other soluble components. In whole blood, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are suspended within the plasma. The goal of plasma purification and processing is to extract specific materials that are present in blood, and use them for restoration and repair. There are several components that make up blood plasma, one of which is the protein albumin. Albumin is a highly water-soluble protein with considerable structural stability. It serves as a transportation device for materials such as hormones, enzymes, fatty acids, metal ions, and medicinal products. It is also used for therapeutic purposes, being essential in restoration and maintenance of circulating blood volume in imperative situations such as severe trauma or surgery. With little room for error, extremely pure samples that are lacking impurities needs to be at hand in good amount. Human blood plasma is important for the body so the nutrients etc. can be stored.

This is a document about Blood plasma
  the bottom of the tube. The blood plasma is then poured or drawn off. For point-of-care testing applications, plasma can be extracted from whole blood via filtration or via agglutination to allow for rapid testing of specific biomarkers. Blood plasma has a density of approximately 1025 kg/m3, or 1.025 g/ml. Blood serum is blood plasma without clotting factors. Plasmapheresis is a medical therapy that involves blood plasma extraction, treatment, and reintegration. Fresh frozen plasma is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system. It is of critical importance in the treatment of many types of trauma which result in blood loss, and is therefore kept stocked universally in all medical facilities capable of treating trauma (e.g., trauma centers, hospitals, and ambulances) or that pose a risk of patient blood loss such as surgical suite facilities.

This is a document about Complete blood count
   Blood is composed of a fluid portion, called plasma, and a cellular portion that contains red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. The complete blood count evaluates the three cellular components of blood. Some medical conditions, such as anemia or thrombocytopenia, are defined by marked increases or decreases in blood cell counts. Changes in many organ systems may affect the blood, so CBC results are useful for investigating a wide range of conditions. Because of the amount of information it provides, the complete blood count is one of the most commonly performed medical laboratory tests. The CBC is often used to

This is a document about Jehovah's Witnesses and blood transfusions
  Muramoto has described as peculiar and inconsistent the Watch Tower policy of acceptance of all the individual components of blood plasma as long as they are not taken at the same time. He says the Society offers no biblical explanation for differentiating between prohibited treatments and those considered a "matter of conscience", explaining the distinction is based entirely on arbitrary decisions of the Governing Body, to which Witnesses must adhere strictly on the premise of them being Bible-based "truth". He has questioned why white blood cells (1 per cent of blood volume) and platelets (0.17 per cent) are forbidden, yet albumin (2.2 per cent of blood volume) is

This is a document about Blood plasma fractionation
  Plasma contains a large variety of proteins including albumin, immunoglobulins, and clotting proteins such as fibrinogen. Albumin constitutes about 60% of the total protein in plasma and is present at concentrations between 35 and 55 mg/mL. It is the main contributor to osmotic pressure of the blood and it functions as a carrier molecule for molecules with low water solubility such as lipid-soluble hormones, enzymes, fatty acids, metal ions, and pharmaceutical compounds. Albumin is structurally stable due to its seventeen disulfide bonds and unique in that it has the highest water solubility and the lowest isoelectric point (pI) of the plasma proteins. Due to the structural integrity of albumin it remains stable under conditions where most other proteins denature.

This is a document about Blood protein
  Blood proteins, also termed plasma proteins, are proteins present in blood plasma. They serve many different functions, including transport of lipids, hormones, vitamins and minerals in activity and functioning of the immune system. Other blood proteins act as enzymes, complement components, protease inhibitors or kinin precursors. Contrary to popular belief, haemoglobin is not a blood protein, as it is carried within red blood cells, rather than in the blood serum. Serum albumin accounts for 55% of blood proteins, is a major contributor to maintaining the oncotic pressure of plasma and assists, as a carrier, in the transport of lipids and steroid hormones. Globulins make up 38% of blood proteins and transport ions, hormones, and lipids assisting in immune function. Fibrinogen comprises 7% of blood proteins; conversion of fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin is essential for blood clotting. The remainder of the plasma proteins (1%) are regulatory proteins, such as enzymes, proenzymes, and hormones. All blood proteins are synthesized in liver except for the gamma globulins.

This is a document about Blood fractionation
 a clear solution of blood plasma in the upper phase (which can be separated into its own fractions, see Blood plasma fractionation), ; the buffy coat, which is a thin layer of leukocytes (white blood cells) mixed with platelets in the middle, and ; erythrocytes (red blood cells) at the bottom of the centrifuge tube.  Blood fractionation is the process of fractionating whole blood, or separating it into its component parts. This is typically done by centrifuging the blood. The resulting components are: Serum separation tubes (SSTs) are tubes used in phlebotomy containing a silicone gel; when centrifuged the silicone gel forms a layer on top of the buffy coat, allowing the blood serum to be removed more effectively for testing and related purposes.

This is a document about Red blood cell
  hemoglobin, with a plasma membrane as the sack. Approximately 2.4 million new erythrocytes are produced per second in human adults. The cells develop in the bone marrow and circulate for about 100–120 days in the body before their components are recycled by macrophages. Each circulation takes about 60 seconds (one minute). Approximately 84% of the cells in the human body are 20–30 trillion red blood cells. Nearly half of the blood's volume (40% to 45%) is red blood cells. Packed red blood cells (pRBC) are red blood cells that have been donated, processed, and stored in a blood bank for blood transfusion.

This is a document about Extracellular fluid
  The interstitial fluid is essentially comparable to plasma. The interstitial fluid and plasma make up about 97% of the ECF, and a small percentage of this is lymph. Interstitial fluid is the body fluid between blood vessels and cells, containing nutrients from capillaries by diffusion and holding waste products discharged out by cells due to metabolism. Eleven litres of the ECF is interstitial fluid and the remaining three litres is plasma. Plasma and interstitial fluid are very similar because water, ions, and small solutes are continuously exchanged between them across the walls of capillaries, through pores and capillary clefts. Interstitial fluid consists of a water solvent containing sugars, salts, fatty acids, amino acids, coenzymes, hormones, neurotransmitters, white blood cells and cell waste-products. This solution accounts for 26% of the water in the human body. The composition of interstitial fluid depends upon the exchanges between

This is a document about Fluid compartments
  The main intravascular fluid in mammals is blood, a complex mixture with elements of a suspension (blood cells), colloid (globulins), and solutes (glucose and ions). The blood represents both the intracellular compartment (the fluid inside the blood cells) and the extracellular compartment (the blood plasma). The average volume of plasma in the average (70 kg) male is approximately 3.5 l. The volume of the intravascular compartment is regulated in part by hydrostatic pressure gradients, and by reabsorption by the kidneys.

This is a document about America's Blood Centers
  Nearly 60% of U.S. blood is supplied by ABC-led community-based independent blood centers. Also 75% of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma was provided by their combined efforts with BARDA.

This is a document about Electrolyte exclusion effect
  The electrolyte exclusion effect is the exclusion of electrolytes from the fraction of the total blood plasma volume that is occupied by solids. This phenomenon plays an important role in pseudohyponatremia, an error affecting measurements made by either flame photometry or indirect potentiometry but not by direct potentiometry. The volume of total solids (primarily protein and lipid) in a plasma sample is approximately 7%, so that only 93% is water. The main electrolytes are confined to water phase. So for example in 10 μL plasma sample, only 9.3 μL is water that contains the electrolyte. Thus if the concentration of an electrolyte, say Na+ is determined

This is a document about WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children
 Fresh frozen plasma ; Platelets ; Red blood cells ; Whole blood

Approximately 55% of blood is composed of plasma.


Question: when is the second series of this is us

Answer: September 26 , 2017

This is a document about This Is Us (season 2)
  The second season of the American television series This Is Us continues to follow the lives and connections of the Pearson family across several time periods. The season was produced by Rhode Island Ave. Productions, Zaftig Films, and 20th Century Fox Television, with Dan Fogelman, Isaac Aptaker, and Elizabeth Berger serving as showrunners. A second and third season of This Is Us were ordered in January 2017, with production for season two beginning that July. The season stars an ensemble cast featuring Milo Ventimiglia, Mandy Moore, Sterling K. Brown, Chrissy Metz, Justin Hartley, Susan Kelechi Watson, Chris Sullivan, Ron Cephas Jones, Jon Huertas, Alexandra Breckenridge, Niles Fitch, Logan Shroyer, Hannah Zeile, Mackenzie Hancsicsak, Parker Bates, Eris Baker, Faithe Herman, and Lonnie Chavis. The second season, consisting of 18 episodes, aired from September 26, 2017, to March 13, 2018, on NBC. This Is Us served as the lead-out program for Super Bowl LII in February 2018 with the second season's fourteenth episode.

This is a document about This Is Us (season 2)
  The second season was originally set to move to a Thursday timeslot, to anchor a new Must See TV lineup, alongside Will & Grace, Great News and Law & Order True Crime: The Menendez Murders, with NBC chairman Bob Greenblatt explaining, "While this is a bit risky, there is a bigger case to be made about redoing Thursday night. If there is one show we could move, it would be this one." However, on May 30, 2017, NBC decided to keep the series on Tuesdays at 9pm EST, allowing it a run of 10 uninterrupted original episodes in the fall. The season aired from September 26, 2017, to March 13, 2018, on NBC in the United States, and on CTV in Canada. This Is Us served as the lead-out program for Super Bowl LII on February 4, 2018.

This is a document about This Is Us (season 1)
  This Is Us premiered on September 20, 2016, in the U.S. on NBC. The series premiered on CTV in Canada on September 21, 2016, on TVNZ 2 in New Zealand on September 27, 2016, and in the United Kingdom on Channel 4 on December 6, 2016. The series premiered in Australia on Channel Ten on February 8, 2017.

This is a document about Rahasya Romancha
  Season 2 of the series was released on 13 March 2020.

This is a document about This Is Us (season 3)
  The third season of the American television series This Is Us continues to follow the lives and connections of the Pearson family across several time periods. The season is produced by Rhode Island Ave. Productions, Zaftig Films, and 20th Century Fox Television, with Dan Fogelman, Isaac Aptaker, and Elizabeth Berger serving as showrunners. A third season was ordered, alongside a second season, in January 2017, with production for season three beginning in July 2018. The season stars an ensemble cast featuring Milo Ventimiglia, Mandy Moore, Sterling K. Brown, Chrissy Metz, Justin Hartley, Susan Kelechi Watson, Chris Sullivan, Jon Huertas, Melanie Liburd, Niles Fitch, Logan Shroyer, Hannah Zeile, Mackenzie Hancsicsak, Parker Bates, Eris Baker, Faithe Herman, Lonnie Chavis, and Lyric Ross. The third season premiered on September 25, 2018 and concluded on April 2, 2019. The season consisted of 18 episodes.

This is a document about Dancing with the Stars (Irish TV series)
  The second series began on 7 January 2018 and finished on 25 March 2018.

This is a document about This Is Us (season 5)
  The fifth season of the American television series This Is Us continues to follow the lives and connections of the Pearson family across several time periods. The season is produced by Rhode Island Ave. Productions, Zaftig Films, and 20th Television, with Dan Fogelman, Isaac Aptaker, and Elizabeth Berger serving as showrunners. The series was renewed for a fourth, fifth, and sixth season in May 2019. The season stars an ensemble cast featuring Milo Ventimiglia, Mandy Moore, Sterling K. Brown, Chrissy Metz, Justin Hartley, Susan Kelechi Watson, Chris Sullivan, Jon Huertas, Niles Fitch, Logan Shroyer, Hannah Zeile, Mackenzie Hancsicsak, Parker Bates, Eris Baker, Faithe Herman, Lonnie Chavis, Lyric Ross, Asante Blackk and Griffin Dunne. Season five started on October 27, 2020 with a two-hour premiere episode airing on NBC.

This is a document about List of Rusty Rivets episodes
  The second season premiered on January 9, 2018 in the United States.

This is a document about This Is Us (season 4)
  The fourth season of the American television series This Is Us continues to follow the lives and connections of the Pearson family across several time periods. The season is produced by Rhode Island Ave. Productions, Zaftig Films, and 20th Century Fox Television, with Dan Fogelman, Isaac Aptaker, and Elizabeth Berger serving as showrunners. The series was renewed for a fourth, fifth, and sixth season in May 2019, with production for season four beginning that July. The season stars an ensemble cast featuring Milo Ventimiglia, Mandy Moore, Sterling K. Brown, Chrissy Metz, Justin Hartley, Susan Kelechi Watson, Chris Sullivan, Jon Huertas, Niles Fitch, Logan Shroyer, Hannah Zeile, Mackenzie Hancsicsak, Parker Bates, Eris Baker, Faithe Herman, Lonnie Chavis, Lyric Ross, Asante Blackk and Griffin Dunne. The fourth season premiered on September 24, 2019 and concluded on March 24, 2020. The season consisted of 18 episodes. This was the first season not to be nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series.

This is a document about Belfer (TV series)
  Series 2, consisting of 8 episodes, premiered on 22 October 2017.

This is a document about 2018–19 United States network television schedule
  will go to seventeenth season in 2022. ; New Amsterdam—Renewed for a second season on February 4, 2019. ; Songland—Renewed for a second season on September 10, 2019. ; Superstore—Renewed for a fifth season on March 4, 2019. ; This Is Us—Renewed for a fourth, fifth and sixth season on May 12, 2019. ; The Titan Games—Renewed for a second season on September 16, 2019. ; The Voice—Renewed for a seventeenth season on May 10, 2019. ; Will & Grace—Renewed for an eleventh and final season on March 17, 2018. ; World of Dance—Renewed for an fourth season on May 11, 2019.

This is a document about Million Pound Menu
  The programme was broadcast on BBC Two, with the first series of six episodes broadcast from 17 May to 21 June 2018. The second series also comprising six episodes was broadcast from 8 January-19 February 2019. There have been no further series since.

This is a document about Monroe (TV series)
  Series 2 begins on Monday 1 October 2012

This is a document about The Greatest Dancer
  The second series started on 4 January 2020. In a change from last year, at the end of each week a different coach was chosen to pick an act from that week to join their team. The choices were as follow:

This is a document about The TV That Made Me
  Series 2 ; 1) John Thomson (7 March 2016) ; 2) Esther Rantzen (8 March 2016) ; 3) John Prescott (9 March 2016) ; 4) Nina Wadia (10 March 2016) ; 5) Mariella Frostrup (11 March 2016) ; 6) John Hannah (13 March 2016) ; 7) Alison Hammond (15 March 2016) ; 8) Johnny Ball (16 March 2016) ; 9) Alex Jones (17 March 2016) ; 10) Joe Swash (18 March 2016) ; 11) Myleene Klass (21 March 2016) ; 12) Richard Ridings (22 March 2016) ; 13) Paul Martin (23 March 2016) ; 14) Kirsty Wark (24 March 2016) ; 15) Amanda Abbington (25 March 2016) ; 16) Anita Dobson (28 March 2016) ; 17) Richard Arnold (29 March 2016) ; 18) Rachel Khoo (30 March 2016) ; 19) Kate Garraway (31 March 2016) ; 20) Hazel Irvine (1 April 2016)

This is a document about All Round to Mrs. Brown's
  BBC announced a second series, which began airing on 19 May 2018. Recording of the second series took during late April and early May 2018, with the second series airing from 19 May - 23 June 2018 on BBC One.

This is a document about Just Tattoo of Us
  It was also confirmed that Charlotte and Stephen would be returning as hosts. The second series began airing on 2 October 2017 and concluded on 4 December 2017. It was confirmed that Just Tattoo of Us would return for a third series in 2018. It was announced that Stephen Bear would be replaced by Scotty T in series three. The third series began airing on 21 May 2018 and concluded on 23 July 2018. It also marked the first series to broadcast the episodes in non-chronological order. It was confirmed that Just Tattoo of Us would return for a fourth

This is a document about Timewasters
  The programme premiered on 9 October 2017 on ITV2. The second series was first broadcast 11 March to 8 April 2019 on ITV2. The programme had its North American premiere streaming on CBC Gem in May 2020, with the second series available in September 2020. It premiered in the US on Amazon streaming service IMDb TV on 11 June 2021.

This is a document about The Voice Kids (Albanian season 3)
 Theme: 1980s in music ; Opening: Team Gjoka ("We Are the World") The second live show aired on March 29, 2019 in Top Channel. All artists from Team Gjoka sang in the second live show.

This is a document about Jon Richardson: Ultimate Worrier
  series of ten episodes, to be filmed and broadcast in 2019. The second series began on 3 July 2019 and consisted of 10 episodes. A censored version of the first episode was mistakenly broadcast when it first premiered, despite its timeslot of 10 p.m., one hour after the watershed ended. Discussing the second series, Richardson said that it was more topical than the first series; he said the show's format allowed quick changes from "lighter" topics to "big news stories", such as climate change, which he described as "the biggest [worry] of all". His wife Lucy Beaumont features as a guest in multiple episodes. Though Richardson was initially reluctant to work with Beaumont, he said "we gradually did a few bits together and it just seemed to come really easily".

The second series of "This Is Us" aired from September 26, 2017, to March 13, 2018.


Question: what is the name of son of hanuman

Answer: Makardhwaja

This is a document about Hanuman
  Hanuman (हनुमान्, ) is a Hindu god and divine vanara (monkey) companion of the god Rama. Hanuman is one of the central characters of the Hindu epic Ramayana. He is an ardent devotee of Rama and one of the chiranjivis. Hanuman is also son of the wind-god Vayu, who in several stories played a direct role in Hanuman's birth. Hanuman is mentioned in several other texts, such as the epic Mahabharata and the various Puranas. Evidence of devotional worship to Hanuman is largely absent in these texts, as well as in most archeological sites. According to Philip Lutgendorf, an American Indologist, the theological significance of Hanuman and devotional dedication to

This is a document about Hanuman
  According to Hindu legends, Hanuman was born to mother Anjana and father Kesari. Hanuman is also called the son of the deity Vayu (Wind god) because of legends associated with Vayu's role in Hanuman's birth. One story mentioned in Eknath's Bhavartha Ramayana (16th century CE) states that when Anjana was worshiping Vayu, the King Dasharatha of Ayodhya was also performing the ritual of Putrakameshti yagna in order to have children. As a result, he received some sacred pudding (payasam) to be shared by his three wives, leading to the births of Rama, Lakshmana, Bharata and Shatrughna. By divine ordinance, a kite snatched a fragment of that pudding and dropped it while flying over the forest where Anjana was engaged in worship. Vayu, the Hindu deity of the wind, delivered the falling pudding to the outstretched hands of Anjana, who consumed it, leading to the birth of Hanuman. The Ramayana locates the birthplace of Hanuman in Kishkinda. Anjaneri in Nasik, Maharashtra along with Anjeneri Anjanadri (Near Hampi) in Gangavathi Taluk Koppal District, Karnataka is one of a number of places that claim to be the location of Kishkinda.

This is a document about Hanuman
  Though Hanuman is described to be celibate in the Ramayana and most of the Puranas, according to some regional sources, Hanuman married Suvarchala, the daughter of Surya (Sun-God). However, once Hanuman was flying above the seas to go to Lanka, a drop of his sweat fell in the mouth of a crocodile, which eventually turned into a baby. The monkey baby was delivered by the crocodile, who was soon retrieved by Ahiravana, and raised by him, named Makardhwaja, and made the guard of the gates of Patala, the former's kingdom. One day, Hanuman, when going to save Rama and Lakshmana from Ahiravana, faced Makardhwaja and defeated him combat. Later, after knowing the reality and after saving both, he made his son, the king of Patala. The Jethwa clan claims to be a descendant of Makardhwaja, and, according to them, he had a son named Modh-dhwaja, who in turn had a son named Jeth-dhwaja, hence the name of the clan.

This is a document about Hikayat Seri Rama
 Hanoman- incarnation of lord Siwa ; Balya Raja - King of Lagur-Katagina (Kiskindha) ; Sugriwa/Sugirwa - Balya's younger brother ; Seri Anggada - Balya's son ; Annila/Raja Tilam - leader of an army of monkeys. ; Bibusanam - Rawana's estranged brother ; Jambuwana - King of the bears In some versions such as the Kelantan version, Hanuman was Seri Rama's eldest son who happened to be born as a monkey.

This is a document about Hanuman
  Apart from Ramayana and Mahabharata, Hanuman is mentioned in several other texts. Some of these stories add to his adventures mentioned in the earlier epics, while others tell alternative stories of his life. The Skanda Purana mentions Hanuman in Rameswaram. In a South Indian version of Shiva Purana, Hanuman is described as the son of Shiva and Mohini (the female avatar of Vishnu), or alternatively his mythology has been linked to or merged with the origin of Swami Ayyappa who is popular in parts of South India.

This is a document about List of legendary creatures in Hindu mythology
 Kapi is known to be a form of monkey, especially used to represent Hanuman as seen from Hanumaan chalsa lines:- jai kapees tihu lok ujagar Vanara The Vanaras are the monkey race in the Ramayana. The following are notable vanaras. ; Angada, son of Bali, helped Rama find his wife Sita ; Anjana, Hanuman's mother. ; Hanuman is a monkey God and an ardent devotee of the God Rama. ; Kesari, Hanuman's foster father. ; Makardhwaja is the son of Hanuman as per the Valmiki Ramayana. ; Nala, son of Vishwakarma. ; Nila, son of Agni. ; Rumā was the wife of Sugrīva. ; Sugriva, king of Kishkindha, son of Surya. ; Tara, wife of Bali. ; Vali, Sugriva's brother, and a son of Indra

This is a document about Siya Ke Ram
  ; Uzair Basar as Lava: Ram And Sita's elder son. ; Harsha Sharma as Kusha: Ram and Sita's younger son. ; Karan Suchak as Lakshman: Sheshnag's incarnation; Dasharatha and Sumitra's first son; Urmila's husband; Shatrughna's twin brother; Angada and Chandraketu's father; slayer of Indrajit; Ram and Bharat's younger brother. ; Samarth Mishra as teenage Lakshmana ; Yukti Kapoor as Urmila: Janak and Sunaina's youngest daughter; Nagalakshmi incarnation; Sita's younger sister; Mandavi's younger and Shrutakirti's elder cousin; Lakshmana's wife; Angada and Chandraketu's mother. ; Danish Akhtar Saifi as Hanuman: Lord Shiva's 11th incarnation; Ram's devotee; The son of Vayu dev; Kesari and Anjana's son.

This is a document about Ahalya
  The next day, at Surya's request, Aruna again assumed female form, and Surya fathered a son, Sugriva. Both children were given to Ahalya for rearing, but Gautama cursed them, causing them to turn into monkeys, as he did not like them. In the Thai version of the Ramayana, the Ramakien, Vali and Sugriva are described as Ahalya's children from her liaisons with Indra and Surya. Although Ahalya initially passes them off as sons of Gautama, her daughter by Gautama – Anjani – reveals her mother's secret to her father. He consequently drives the brothers away and curses them to become monkeys. Enraged, Ahalya curses Anjani to give birth to a monkey too. Anjani bears Hanuman, the monkey-god and friend of Rama. Similar tales are also found

This is a document about Hanuman Chalisa
  by the whole world. Rao and Mehta explain the first half as Hanuman is the son of Kesari and Shiva. Rambhadracharya gives two variant readings for the first part– Rambhadracharya explains kesarī nandana as the Kṣetraja son of Kesari, which is one of the twelve kinds of offspring recognized in the ancient Hindu law. You are the praiseworthy abode of the eighteen types of Vidyā (knowledge), all virtues reside in you, and you are exceedingly clever. You are ever eager to perform tasks for Rama. You delight in listening to the acts of Rama (Ramayana). Rama, Lakshmana and Sita reside in your mind. Alternately,

This is a document about Ramakien
 Hanumangod-king of the apes, who supported Phra Ram and acted as the monkey general. ; Phali Thiratking of Khitkhin, elder brother of Sukhrip and uncle of Hanuman. ; Sukhripviceroy of Kitkin, younger brother of Phali and uncle of Hanuman. ; Ongkhotape-prince and son of the Pali Thirat and Nang Montho, cousin of Hanuman. ; Phiphekestranged brother of Thotsakan. He is an excellent astrologist and provided valuable information to Phra Ram in defeating Thotsakan. ; Chomphuphanape-prince and adopted son of Phali, an expert in the healing arts and acted as the troop's medic.

This is a document about Vanara
 Angada, son of Vali, successor of Sugriva, who helped Rama find his wife Sita ; Anjana, Hanuman's mother ; Hanuman, devotee of the god Rama and son of Vayu ; Kesari, Hanuman's father ; Mainda and Dvivida, sons of Ashvins ; Macchanu, son of Hanuman (per the Cambodian and Thai versions) ; Makardhwaja, son of Hanuman (per the Indian versions) ; Nala, son of Vishwakarma ; Nila, son of Agni ; Rumā, wife of Sugriva ; Sharabha, son of Parjanya ; Sugriva, king of Kishkindha, son of Surya ; Sushena, son of Varuna ; Taar, son of Brihaspati ; Tara, wife of Vali ; Vali, Sugriva's brother and son of Indra

This is a document about List of characters in Ramayana
  Trishira was a son of Ravana. He was killed by Hanuman.

This is a document about Macchanu
  Macchanu (មច្ឆានុ - Mach-chha-nu), (มัจฉานุ; ) is son of Hanuman that appears in the Cambodian, Thai and other versions of the Ramayana. As per these versions of Ramayana, during one of the battles with Ravana's army, Hanuman encounters one powerful opponent, who looked like vanara from waist-up but had tail of a fish. After a fierce battle, as Hanuman was about to hit the creature with his weapons, a golden star shining in the sky above, reveals by way of aakashwani that the enemy, whom he is going to harm is his own son born by his union with Suvannamaccha, the mermaid daughter of Ravana. Hanuman, immediately holds his weapons in mid-air and father-son duo recognize each other. Another version of

This is a document about Bettadapura
  one-directional monolithic carved statue of Hindu demi-god, Hanumaan Hanuman, son of Vaayu, who is the Hindu god of air/wind, situated in the same hill but at just 100 steps on the left side of the main stairs to the hill. This statue easily weighs around 15-20,000 kilos. The Hanuman is carved with keeping a Hindu legend in mind from one of the greatest and famous epic stories ever written, Ramayana, wherein the Hanuman becomes huge and places Lord Vishnu's avatar Rama on his shoulders while doing warfare with levitating Lanka king, Ravana on his Vimāna. One of the unusual things noticeable,

This is a document about Hanuman (2005 film)
  This animated movie depicts Hanuman's life from birth. The narrator is actor Mukesh Khanna. The movie relays how Hanuman was born to Anjani (a female Apsara) and Kesari, by the blessings of Vayu-Dev, the Wind God. Hanuman, who is the 11th rudra incarnation of Shiva was blessed with supreme intelligence, strength and divine powers. As a baby, Hanuman was quite naughty and used his powers to pester the saints living in the nearby forest. Once when he was hungry, he leapt to catch the sun thinking it was a fruit. On the insistence of Vayu, Indra and the other Gods came together to bless

This is a document about List of characters in Ramayana
  Añjanā was the mother of Hanuman. According to a version of the legend, was an apsara named Puñjikastalā, who was born on Earth as a vanara princess and married Kesari, a vanara chief. Hanuman was a spiritual son of Vayu, god of the wind and Anjana.

This is a document about Añjanā
  Anjana (Sanskrit: अञ्जना), also known as Anjani and Anjali, is the mother of Lord Hanuman, one of the heroes of the Indian epic, the Ramayan.

This is a document about List of demigods
 Abhimanyu: son of Arjuna and Subhadra; incarnation of Varcha-son of Chandra (Moon God) ; Arjuna: spiritual son of Indra, biological son of Pandu and Kunti; incarnation of Nara. ; Astik: son of rishi Jaratkaru and snake goddess Manasa (sister of Vasuki Naga) ; Bhima: spiritual son of Vayu deva; biological son of Kunti and Pandu. ; Bhishma: son of Kuru King Shantanu and the goddess Ganga. Bhishma was "Vasu" in his previous birth. ; Dhristadyumna: materialised out of a ritual fire-altar; quasi son of fire god Agni; son of Kampilya King Drupada. ; Draupadi: materialised out of a ritual fire-altar; quasi daughter of fire god Agni; daughter of Panchala King Drupada. ; Drona: Avatar of Brihaspati and born with grace of Brahma; son of sage Bharatwaja. ; Ghatotkacha: born of demigod Bhima and a demoness Hidimbā. ; Hanuman: son

This is a document about Añjanā
  According to a version of the legend, was an apsara named Puñjikastalā, who was born on earth as a vanara princess due to a curse of a sage. Anjana was married Kesari, a vanara chief and son of Brihaspati. Anjana was mother of Lord Hanuman. Being Anjana's son Hanuman is also called Anjaneya. There are several different legends about birth of Hanuman. According to Eknath's Bhavartha Ramayana (16th century CE) states that when Anjana was worshiping Vayu, the King Dasharatha of Ayodhya was also performing the ritual of Putrakameshti yagna in order to have children. As a result, he received some sacred pudding

This is a document about List of characters in Ramayana
  Devantaka was the son of Ravana. He was killed by Hanuman.

The name of Hanuman's son is Makardhwaj.


Question: what is the first pillar of islam called

Answer: shahādah

This is a document about Five Pillars of Islam
  The first pillar of Islam is the Shahada, the assertion of faith. There are two shahadas: "There is no god but God" and "Muhammad is the messenger of God". This set statement is normally recited in Arabic: lā ʾilāha ʾillā-llāhu muḥammadun rasūlu-llāh (لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا الله مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ الله) "There is no god but God (and) Muhammad is the messenger of God." It is essential to utter it to become a Muslim and to convert to Islam. The first shahada promotes the essential unity of the faith, proclaiming that there is no god but God. The Tawhid, which is the prayer that states "no god but God" is a major component of the Islamic faith, for it asserts the monotheistic aspect of Islam, promoting unity of God

This is a document about Sudanese Arabs
  Sunni Islam requires its adherents to follow the Five Pillars of Islam. The first pillar, the shahadah or profession of faith is the affirmation "There is no god but God (Allah) and Muhammad is his prophet." It is the first step in becoming a Muslim and a significant part of prayer. The second obligation is prayer at five specified times of the day. The third enjoins almsgiving. The fourth requires fasting during daylight hours in the month of Ramadan. The fifth requires a pilgrimage to Mecca for those able to perform it, to participate in the special rites that occur during the twelfth month of the lunar calendar. Most Sudanese Muslims are born to the faith and meet the first requirement.

This is a document about Five Pillars of Islam
  The Five Pillars of Islam (arkān al-Islām أركان الإسلام; also arkān ad-dīn أركان الدين "pillars of the religion") are fundamental practices in Islam, considered to be obligatory acts of worship for all Muslims. They are summarized in the famous hadith of Gabriel. The Sunni and Shia agree on the basic details of the performance and practice of these acts, but the Shia do not refer to them by the same name (see Ancillaries of the Faith, for the Twelvers, and Seven pillars of Ismailism). They are: Muslim creed, prayer, charity to the poor, fasting on the month of Ramadan, and the pilgrimage to Mecca for those who are able.

This is a document about Aqidah
  The Hadith of Gabriel includes the Five Pillars of Islam (Tawhid, Salat, Sawm, Zakat, Hajj) in answer to the question, "O messenger of God, what is Islam?" This hadith is sometimes called the "truly first and most fundamental creed."

This is a document about History of human thought
  adhesion of the disciple (murid). The religion of Islam founded by Muhammad in 7th century Arabia incorporated ideas from Zoroastrianism, Judaism, and Christianity, specifically monotheism, Last Judgment, Heaven and Hell. However, it is closer to Judaism than Christianity, since it believes in the Unity of God, and God is seen as powerful rather than loving. The doctrine of Islam is based on five pillars: Shahada, faith; Salat, prayer; Zakat, alms-giving; Sawm, fasting; and Hajj, pilgrimage. Its beliefs are collected in the Quran, composed in its final form by 933. Starting from soon after its foundation, Islam has broken into several strands, including:

This is a document about Abrahamic religions
  include Confirmation, Confession, Last Rites and Holy Orders. Catholic worship practice is governed by documents, including (in the largest, Western, Latin Church) the Roman Missal. Individuals, churches and denominations place different emphasis on ritual—some denominations consider most ritual activity optional (see Adiaphora), particularly since the Protestant Reformation. The followers of Islam (Muslims) are to observe the Five Pillars of Islam. The first pillar is the belief in the oneness of Allah, and in Muhammad as his final and most perfect prophet. The second is to pray five times daily (salat) towards the direction (qibla) of the Kaaba in Mecca. The third pillar is almsgiving (Zakah), a portion of one's wealth given

This is a document about Hamd
  In the five pillars of Islam, the concept of Hamd is in each pillar to emphasize the importance of this word. In the first pillar Shahada, Muslims praise Allah for the blessings of being born Muslim and the belief in one god and his prophet. They also praise Him for giving them better health and wealth than those who suffer. The second pillar is Salat which is performing prayer, Muslims pray five times a day in order to keep remembering Allah and this allows a direct link between the worshipper and God. In each prayer Muslims recite Surah (passage), Al-Fatiha and choose the next surah they would like to

This is a document about Religion in Sudan
  Sunni Islam requires of the faithful five fundamental obligations that constitute the Five Pillars of Islam. The first pillar, the shahadah or profession of faith is the affirmation "There is no deity but God, and Muhammad is His messenger." It is the first step in becoming a Muslim. The second obligation is prayer at five specified times of the day. The third enjoins almsgiving. The fourth requires fasting during daylight hours in the month of Ramadan. The fifth requires a pilgrimage to Mecca for those able to perform it, to participate in the special rites that occur during the twelfth month of the lunar calendar. Most Sudanese Muslims are born to the faith and meet the first requirement. Conformity to

This is a document about Muslims
  To become a Muslim and to convert to Islam, it is essential to utter the Shahada, one of the Five Pillars of Islam, a declaration of faith and trust that professes that there is only one God (Allah) and that Muhammad is God's messenger. It is a set statement normally recited in Arabic: ašhadu ʾal-lā ʾilāha ʾillā-llāhu wa ʾašhadu ʾanna muħammadan rasūlu-llāh (أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأشهد أن محمداً رسول الله) "I testify that there is no god [worthy of worship] except Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah." In Sunni Islam, the shahada has two parts: la ilaha illa'llah (there is no god but Allah), and Muhammadun rasul Allah (Muhammad is the messenger of God), which are sometimes referred

This is a document about Ahmadiyya
   The Pillars of Islam (arkan al-Islam; also arkan ad-din, "pillars of religion") are five basic acts in Islam, considered obligatory for all Ahmadi Muslims. The Quran presents them as a framework for worship and a sign of commitment to the faith. They are: (1) the shahadah (creed), (2) daily prayers (salat), (3) almsgiving (zakah), (4) fasting during Ramadan, and (5) the pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) at least once in a lifetime. Ahmadi Muslims agree with both Shia and Sunni sects on the essential details for the performance of these acts. However, Ahmadi Muslims in Pakistan are prohibited by law, and to some extent in other Muslim countries by persecution, from self-identifying as Muslims. This creates some level of difficulty in performing the obligatory acts. Although Ahmadi Muslims from some countries do perform the pilgrimage to Mecca, they are not allowed under Saudi law.

This is a document about Muslims
  as the first shahada and the second shahada. The first statement of the shahada is also known as the tahlīl. In Shia Islam, the shahada also has a third part, a phrase concerning Ali, the first Shia Imam and the fourth Rashid caliph of Sunni Islam: وعليٌ وليُّ الله (wa ʿalīyyun walīyyu-llāh), which translates to "Ali is the wali of God". In Quranist Islam, the shahada is the testimony that there is no god but Allah (la ilaha illa'llah ). The religious practices of Muslims are enumerated in the Five Pillars of Islam: the declaration of faith (shahadah), daily prayers (salah), almsgiving (zakat), fasting during the month of Ramadan (sawm), and the pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) at least once in a lifetime.

This is a document about Meaning of life
  is of Allah alone. The Five Pillars of Islam are duties incumbent to every Muslim; they are: Shahadah (profession of faith); salat (ritual prayer); Zakah (charity); Sawm (fasting during Ramadan), and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca). They derive from the Hadith works, notably of Sahih Al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim. The five pillars are not mentioned directly in the Quran. Beliefs differ among the Kalam. The Sunni and the Ahmadiyya concept of pre-destination is divine decree; likewise, the Shi'a concept of pre-destination is divine justice; in the esoteric view of the Sufis, the universe exists only for God's pleasure; Creation is a grand game, wherein Allah is the greatest prize.

This is a document about Glossary of Islam
  regard this as the fifth Pillar of Islam. ; Miḥrāb (محراب) : a niche in the wall of all mosques, indicating the direction of prayer ; Millah (مِلَّة): In Arabic, millah means "religion," but it has only been used to refer to religions other than Islam, which is din. ; Millet: (see Millah) (Turkish word also meaning a nation, community, or a people). In an Islamic state, "Ahl al Kitab" may continue to practice their former religion in a semi-autonomous community termed the millet. ; Minaret (منارة) : a tower built onto a mosque from the top of which the call to prayer

This is a document about Glossary of Islam
  (تطبير): Shia Ashura ceremony of self-flagellation by hitting head with sword. ; Tawafuq (توافق): God-conscious understanding of a phenomenon. ; Tawakkul (توکل): total reliance on Allah. ; Tawassul (توسُّل): asking Allah Almighty through the medium and intercession of another person. ; Ṭawāf (طواف): circumambulating the Ka'bah during Hajj. ; Tawfiq (توفیق): Divine help in getting to the purpose to one who deserves. ; Tawbah (توبة): repentance ; Tawḥīd (توحيد): monotheism; affirmation of the Oneness of Allah. Muslims regard this as the first part of the Pillar of Islam, the second part is accepting Muhammad as rasoul (messenger). The opposite of Tawheed is shirk ; Ta'weel (تأويلة):

This is a document about Shia–Sunni relations
  The Five Pillars of Islam (Arabic: أركان الإسلام) is the term given to the five duties incumbent on every Muslim. These duties are Shahada (profession of faith), salat (prayers), Zakāt (giving of alms), Sawm (fasting, specifically during Ramadan) and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca). These five practices are essential to Sunni and Shia Muslims. Shia theology has two concepts that define religion as a whole. There are Roots of Religion (Usūl al-Dīn) and Branches of Religion (Furu al Din).

This is a document about Five Pillars of Islam
  The ritual obligations of Muslims are called the Five Pillars. They are acknowledged and practiced by Muslims throughout the world, notwithstanding their disparities. They are viewed as compulsory for individuals who genuinely wish to pursue a life like that which Muhammad led, which was a prudent and mindful life. Like other religions, Islam holds certain practices to be standard; however, that does not imply that all individuals who regard themselves as Muslims necessarily observe them. Individual participation can vary depending on the individual's faith; for example, not every individual must pray every day, keep the fast, go on Hajj, or donate extensively to charity. Shortly after the Muslim Arabs conquered new terrains, they started raising mosques and castles and commissioning different commemorations and artifacts as articulations

This is a document about The Secrets of Selflessness
 Preface ; Dedication to the Muslim Community ; PRELUDE: Of the Bond between Individual and Community ; That the Community is made up of the Mingling of Individuals, and owes the Perfecting of its Education to Prophethood ; The Pillars of Islam - First Pillar: the Unity of God ; That Despair, Grief and Fear are the Mother of Abominations, destroying Life; and that Belief in the Unity of God puts an end to those Foul Diseases. ; Conversation of the Arrow and the Sword ; Emperor Alamgir and the Tiger ; Second Pillar : Apostleship ; That the Purpose of Muhammad’s Mission was to found Freedom, Equality and Brotherhood among all mankind. ;

This is a document about History of the Middle East
   Religion always played a prevalent role in Middle Eastern culture, affecting learning, architecture, and the ebb and flow of cultures. When Muhammad introduced Islam, it jump-started Middle Eastern culture, inspiring achievements in architecture, the revival of old advances in science and technology, and the formation of a distinct way of life. Islam primarily consisted of the five pillars of belief, including confession of faith, the five prayers a day, to fast during the holy month of Ramadan, to pay the tax for charity (the zakāt), and the hajj, or the pilgrimage that a Muslim needed to take at least once in their lifetime, according to the five (or six) pillars of

This is a document about Mihrab
  The earliest mihrabs generally consisted of a simple stripe of paint or a flat stone panel in the qibla wall. They may have originally had functions similar to a maqsura, denoting not only the place where the imam led prayers but also where some official functions, such as the dispensation of justice, were carried out. In the Mosque of the Prophet (Al-Masjid al-Nabawi) in Medina, a large block of stone initially marked the north wall which was oriented towards Jerusalem (the first qibla), but this was moved to the south wall in the second year of the hijra period (2 AH or 624 CE), when the orientation of the qibla

This is a document about Glossary of Islam
  Islam the (obligatory) principle of encouraging other people to do the right thing. ; ʾAnfāl (أنفال): Spoils of war. (See Sūrat al-ʾAnfāl (8:1)) (الأنفال) ; ʾAnṣār (أنصار): "Helpers." The Muslim converts at Medina who helped the Muslims from Mecca after the Hijrah. ; ʿAqīdah (عقيدة) : Article of faith, tenet, creed, or dogma. ; ʿAqīqah (عقيقة) : Islamic practice of shaving the head of the newborn male and contributing the weight in silver for charity as well as 2 lambs. ; ʿAql (عقل): Intelligence, intellect, mind, understanding ; ʾArkān singular rukn (ركن/أركان) : The five rukn "pillars" of Islam. (See rukn)

The first pillar of Islam is called the Shahada or the declaration of faith. It involves uttering the phrase "ashhadu an la ilaha illa allah wa ashhadu anna muhammadan rasulullah," which means "I testify that there is no god but God and I testify that Muhammad is the messenger of God."


Question: what mountain range has the highest mountains in all of europe

Answer: The Alps

This is a document about Saint Elias Mountains
  The highest mountains of the range include:

This is a document about Seven Summits
   The generally accepted highest summit in Europe is Mount Elbrus (5642 m) in the Caucasus, appearing on both the Bass and Messner lists. However, because the location of the boundary between Asia and Europe is not universally agreed upon, its inclusion in Europe is disputed: if the Kuma–Manych Depression is used as the geological border between Asia and Europe, the Caucasus and Elbrus lie wholly in Asia. If the Greater Caucasus watershed is used instead, Elbrus' peaks are wholly in Europe, albeit close to the border with Asia. Mont Blanc (4810 m), lying on the border between France and Italy in the Graian Alps, is seen by some to be the highest mountain in Europe.

This is a document about Alps
   The Alps are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately 1200 km across eight Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, and Slovenia. The Alpine arch generally extends from Nice on the western Mediterranean to Trieste on the Adriatic and Vienna at the beginning of the Pannonian Basin. The mountains were formed over tens of millions of years as the African and Eurasian tectonic plates collided. Extreme shortening caused by the event resulted in marine sedimentary rocks rising by thrusting and folding into high mountain peaks such as Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn. Mont Blanc spans the French–Italian border, and at 4809 m is the highest mountain in the Alps. The Alpine region area

This is a document about Balkans
   Most of the area is covered by mountain ranges running from the northwest to southeast. The main ranges are the Balkan mountains (Stara Planina in Bulgarian language), running from the Black Sea coast in Bulgaria to the border with Serbia, the Rila-Rhodope massif in southern Bulgaria, the Dinaric Alps in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Montenegro, the Korab-Šar mountains which spreads from Kosovo to Albania and North Macedonia, and the Pindus range, spanning from southern Albania into central Greece and the Albanian Alps, and the Alps at the northwestern border. The highest mountain of the region is Rila in Bulgaria, with Musala at 2,925 m,

This is a document about Caucasus Mountains
 {| class = "wikitable"3 } Mount Elbrus, at 5642 m, in the Caucasus Mountains, is sometimes cited as the highest peak in Europe. Mount Elbrus is 832 m higher than Mont Blanc, the highest peak in the Alps and Western Europe at 4810 m. However, there are some technical disagreements over whether Mount Elbrus is in Europe. The crest of the Greater Caucasus Mountains is usually taken to define the Greater Caucasus Watershed which marks the continental boundary between Asia and Europe for the region between the Black and Caspian seas, this classification would place Mount Elbrus at the junction with Asia. The table below lists some of the highest

This is a document about Three-thousander
 Pyrenees: Pico de Aneto (3,404m), Pico Posets (3,375m), Monte Perdido (3,355m), Vignemale (3,298m), Pica d'Estats (3,143m). The Pyrenees have more than two hundred three-thousanders ; Baetic Ranges - Sierra Nevada: Mulhacén (3,482 m, highest in southwest Europe), Veleta (3,392m), with a good dozen three-thousander massifs. ; Mount Etna Sicily, Italy, 3,329m Apart from the Alps, the dominant range in Europe – if one excludes the Caucasus, which otherwise, in Mount Elbrus (5,642 m), would have the highest mountain in the continent – only the following ranges have three-thousanders: Musala at 2,925 m, the highest mountain in southern Europe (i.e. excluding the Iberian Peninsula), does not come close to the mark. The Apennine Mountains reach 2,912 m in the Gran Sasso. The Dinaric Alps, Carpathian Mountains, Sistema Central and Cantabrian Mountains are less than 2,700 m high, and the other ranges in Europe are below 2,500 m.

This is a document about List of mountains of Canada
 Highest peaks

This is a document about Geography of the Soviet Union
  Truly alpine terrain was found in the southern mountain ranges. Between the Black and Caspian seas, for example, the Caucasus Mountains rose to impressive heights, marking a continuation of the boundary separating Europe from Asia. One of the peaks, Mount Elbrus, is the highest point in Europe at 5,642 meters. This range, extending to the northwest as the Crimean and Carpathian mountains and to the southeast as the Tien Shan and Pamirs, formed an imposing natural barrier between the Soviet Union and its neighbors to the south. The highest point in the Soviet Union, at 7,495 meters, was Mount Communism (Pik Kommunizma) in the Pamirs near the border with Afghanistan, Pakistan, and China. The Pamirs

This is a document about Mont Blanc
  Mont Blanc (Mont Blanc ; Monte Bianco, both meaning "white mountain") is the highest mountain in the Alps and Western Europe, rising 4807.81 m above sea level. It is the second-most prominent mountain in Europe, after Mount Elbrus, and it is the eleventh most prominent mountain summit in the world. The mountain stands between the regions of Aosta Valley, Italy, and Savoie and Haute-Savoie, France. It gives its name to the Mont Blanc massif, bordering Switzerland and forming part of a larger range referred to as the Graian Alps. The location of the summit of Mont Blanc is on the watershed line between the valleys of Ferret and Veny in Italy and the valleys of Montjoie, and Arve in France, on the border between the two countries. Ownership of

This is a document about Christian Stangl
  climbed the three highest peaks of the Alps, Mont Blanc (4,810 m), Dufourspitze (4,634 m), and Dom (4,545 m), in 2013. According to one of multiple acknowledged scholarly opinions, the border between Europe and Asia is to be located north of Caucasus, alongside the Kuma–Manych Depression. Considering that, the Alps would be the highest mountain range of Europe, making Mont Blanc, Dufourspitze and Dom the highest summits of the continent. Due to potential uncertainties regarding the measurement accuracy of altitudes, Stangl also climbed three additional mountains, Ngga Pulu (2007) und Puncak Trikora (2010) in Oceania, and Rwenzori (Margherita Peak) in Africa (2012).

This is a document about Geography of Europe
  Dinaric Alps, a mountain range in the Balkans ; Pindus Mountains, Albania and Greece ; Pyrenees, the natural border between France and Spain ; Rila-Rhodope mountain system composed by massifs, including Pirin Mountain and Osogovo-Belasitsa mountain chain, mainly Bulgaria ; Šar-Korab-Jakupica-Baba-Kajmakčalan-Olympus, Albania, Northern Macedonia and Greece ; Scandinavian Mountains, a mountain range which runs through the Scandinavian Peninsula, includes the Kjølen mountains ; Scottish Highlands (including the Cairngorms) in the United Kingdom. ; Sierra Morena, Spain ; Sistema Ibérico, Spain ; Sistema Central, Spain ; Ural Mountains, which form the boundary between Europe and Asia Some of Europe's major mountain ranges are:   Land area in different classes of European mountainous terrain (classification from UNEP-WCMC):

This is a document about Topographic isolation
  isolation of all mountains. There is no higher land for 16,534 kilometres when its height is first exceeded by Tirich Mir in the Hindu Kush. ; Mont Blanc is the highest mountain of the Alps. The geographically nearest higher mountains are all in the Caucasus. Kukurtlu Dome (4,978 m) is the reference peak for Mont Blanc. ; Musala is the highest peak in Rila mountain, also in Bulgaria and the Balkan Peninsula mountain system; standing at 2,925 m (9,596 ft) it is the 4th most topographically isolated major peak in Continental Europe. With a topographic prominence of 2473 m, Musala is also the 6th highest peak by topographic prominence in mainland Europe.

This is a document about List of mountains of the Balkans
 Rila (Musala, 2,925 m), Bulgaria, highest mountain in Bulgaria and the Balkans ; Malyovitsa (2729), Bulgaria ; Cherna Polyana (2716), Bulgaria ; Olympus (Mytikas, 2,917 m), highest mountain in Greece ; Pirin (Vihren, 2,915 m), Bulgaria ; Polezhan (2851 m) ; Julian Alps (Triglav, 2,864 m), Slovenia ; Maja e Korabit (Mount Korab 2,764 m), highest point in Albania and North Macedonia ; Šar Mountains (Titov Vrv, 2,748 m), North Macedonia ; Gjallica (2,487 m), Albania ; Maja Jezercë (2,694m), Albania ; Gjeravicë/Đeravica (2,656m), Kosovo, Serbia ; Majet e Zabores, Maja Grykat e Hapëta (2,625 m), Albania ; Maja e Poplukes (2,569 m), Albania ; Maja e Radohimes,

This is a document about Mont Blanc massif
  The Mont Blanc massif (Massif du Mont-Blanc; Massiccio del Monte Bianco) is a mountain range in the Alps, located mostly in France and Italy, but also straddling Switzerland at its northeastern end. It contains eleven major independent summits, each over 4000 m in height. It is named after Mont Blanc (4808 m), the highest point in western Europe and the European Union. Because of its considerable overall altitude, a large proportion of the massif is covered by glaciers, which include the Mer de Glace and the Miage Glacier – the longest glaciers in France and Italy, respectively. The massif forms a watershed between the vast catchments

This is a document about Rila
  Rila (Рила, ) is the highest mountain range of Bulgaria, the Balkan Peninsula and Southeast Europe. It is situated in southwestern Bulgaria and forms part of the Rila–Rhodope Massif. The highest summit is Musala at an altitude of 2,925 m which makes Rila the sixth highest mountain range in Europe after the Caucasus, the Alps, Sierra Nevada, the Pyrenees and Mount Etna, and the highest one between the Alps and the Caucasus. It spans a territory of 2,629 km2 with an average altitude of 1487 m. The mountain is believed to have been named after the river of the same name, which comes from the Old Bulgarian verb "рыти" meaning "to grub". Rila has abundant water resources. Some

This is a document about Alpine Club classification of the Eastern Alps
  The Eastern Alps extend across six European countries: Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Austria, Switzerland and Slovenia. With 57 mountain groups, Austria has the largest share. It is followed by Italy with 23 and Switzerland with ten. There are seven mountain ranges in Germany and four in Slovenia. Liechtenstein shares one group. The only four-thousander and the highest mountain in the Eastern Alps is the Piz Bernina at 4046 m. Thus the Bernina Range is the highest of all the groups in the Eastern Alps. Next are the Ortler Alps, whose highest peak, Mt. Ortler at 3905 m, is the highest mountain in South Tyrol. The third highest range is the Glockner Group with the highest mountain in Austria: the Grossglockner at 3798 m. Another 22 groups reach a height of 3,000 metres. The only group in the Northern Limestone Alps with a three-thousander is the Lechtal Alps, whose highest summit is the Parseierspitze at 3036 m. 39 groups are over 2000 metres high. Seven of the groups exceed 1000 metres—except for the Vienna Woods, whose highest mountain, the Schöpfl, just reaches an altitude of 893 m.

This is a document about List of mountains in Bulgaria
   Mountains constitute a significant part of Bulgaria and are dominant in the southwest and central parts. Bulgaria's highest mountains are Rila (highest peak Musala, 2925 m; the highest in the Balkans) and Pirin (highest peak Vihren, 2914 m). The large mountain chain of Stara planina (Balkan Mountains) runs west–east across the entire country, bisecting it and giving the name to the entire Balkan peninsula. Other extensive mountains are the massifs Rhodopes and Strandzha in the south.

This is a document about Northern Italy
  and receives all the waters that flow from the Apennines northwards, and all those that descend from the Alps towards the south. The Po Valley is the largest plain in Italy and held the vast majority of North Italian population. The Alps are home to some worldwide-known mountains like the Matterhorn (Cervino), Monte Rosa, Gran Paradiso in the western Alps, and Bernina, Stelvio and Dolomites along the eastern side of the Alps. The highest peak in Europe is Mont Blanc, at 4810 m above sea level, located at the border with France. With the exception of part of Liguria all of Northern Italy lies in

This is a document about Volcanic Seven Summits
  The generally accepted geographical border between Europe and Asia runs along the crest of the Ural Mountains in central Russia and of the Caucasus along the southern border of Russia. Since the massive twin-peaked stratovolcano of Mount Elbrus rises just north of the crest, it is the highest summit in Europe and also the highest volcano. Some geologists, though, consider the Kuma-Manych depression as the geological border between Asia and Europe. Such definition would render Elbrus entirely in Asia, making it the highest volcano of that continent (see below) and making Mount Etna (a 3350-metre active stratovolcano in Sicily, Italy) the highest volcano in Europe. Mount Teide in the Canary Islands, while active, taller than Etna and within the territory of a European country, would not be considered because geologically the Canaries belong to the African continent.

The Alps are the mountain range with the highest mountains in Europe. The highest mountain in Europe is Mont Blanc, which is located in the Alps and has an elevation of 4810 m.


Question: when did the iphone 6s + come out

Answer: September 25 , 2015

This is a document about IPhone 6S
  The iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus (stylized and marketed as iPhone 6s and iPhone 6s Plus) are smartphones that were designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. It is the ninth generation of the iPhone. They were announced on September 9, 2015, at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco by Apple CEO Tim Cook, with pre-orders beginning September 12 and official release on September 25, 2015. The iPhone 6S and 6S Plus were succeeded by the iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus on September 7, 2016 and were discontinued with the announcement of the iPhone XS, iPhone XS Max, and iPhone XR on

This is a document about IPhone 6S
  Before the official unveiling, several aspects of the iPhone 6S were rumored, including the base model having 16 gigabytes of storage, the pressure-sensitive display technology known as 3D Touch,  and a new rose gold color option. iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus were officially unveiled on September 9, 2015, during a press event at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco. Pre-orders began September 12, with the official release on September 25. On September 7, 2016, Apple announced the iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus as successors to the iPhone 6S and 6S Plus, although they continued to be sold at a reduced price point as entry-level options in the iPhone lineup. On March 31, 2017, the iPhone 6S and 6S Plus were released in Indonesia alongside the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus, following Apple's research and development investment in the country. The iPhone 6S, iPhone 6S Plus, and first-generation iPhone SE were the last iPhone models to feature a standard 3.5 mm stereo headphone jack, and were discontinued on September 12, 2018 with the release of the iPhone XR.

This is a document about IPhone 6
  The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus are smartphones that were designed and marketed by Apple Inc. They are the eighth generation of the iPhone, succeeding the iPhone 5S, and were announced on September 9, 2014 and released on September 19, 2014. The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus jointly were themselves replaced as the flagship devices of the iPhone series by the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus on September 9, 2015. The iPhone 6 and 6 Plus include larger 4.7 and 5.5 in displays, a faster processor, upgraded cameras, improved LTE and Wi-Fi connectivity and support for a near field communications-based mobile payments offering. The iPhone

This is a document about IPhone 6S
  The iPhone 6S originally shipped with iOS 9; the operating system leverages the 3D Touch hardware to allow recognition of new gestures and commands, including "peeking" at content with a light touch and "popping" it into view by pressing harder, and accessing context menus with links to commonly used functions within apps with harder presses on home screen icons. The camera app's "Retina Flash" feature allows the display's brightness to be used as a makeshift flash on images taken with the front camera, while "Live Photos" captures a short video alongside each photo taken. The iPhone 6S, 6S Plus, and first-generation SE support iOS 12, which was first released on September 17, 2018. They also support iOS 13, unveiled on June 3, 2019, and was released to the public on September 19, 2019; as well as iOS 14, unveiled on June 22, 2020 and iOS 15, unveiled on June 7, 2021. These phones support most of the main features of iOS 13, including dark mode. Along with the iPhone SE, the 6S and 6S Plus are the oldest iPhones to support iOS 13, iOS 14 and iOS 15.

This is a document about IPhone 6
  using near-field communications—a technology that has been incorporated into many Android phones, but has experienced a low adoption rate among users. The iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus were officially unveiled during a press event at the Flint Center for Performing Arts in Cupertino, California on September 9, 2014 and released on September 19, 2014; pre-orders began on September 12, 2014, with the iPhone 6 starting at US$649 and the iPhone 6 Plus starting at US$749. In China, where the iPhone 5C and 5S were the first models in the iPhone series to be released in the country on the same day as their

This is a document about Apple Inc.
  iPhone 6, alongside the iPhone 6 Plus that both have screen sizes over 4-inches. One year later, Apple introduced the iPhone 6S, and iPhone 6S Plus, which introduced a new technology called 3D Touch, including an increase of the rear camera to 12 MP, and the FaceTime camera to 5 MP. On March 21, 2016, Apple introduced the first-generation iPhone SE that has a 4-inch screen size last used with the 5S and has nearly the same internal hardware as the 6S. In July 2016, Apple announced that one billion iPhones had been sold. On September 7, 2016, Apple introduced the iPhone

This is a document about Apple A9
  The Apple A9 is a 64-bit ARM-based system-on-chip (SoC), designed by Apple Inc. Manufactured for Apple by both TSMC and Samsung, it first appeared in the iPhone 6S and 6S Plus which were introduced on September 9, 2015. Apple states that it has 70% more CPU performance and 90% more graphics performance compared to its predecessor, the Apple A8.

This is a document about IPhone hardware
  The iPhone 6S and 6S Plus, introduced in 2015, feature 3D Touch displays which allow the screen to recognize how hard it is being pressed using pressure-sensitive multi-touch technology, and a new Taptic Engine to provide haptic feedback. In addition to visual cues, 3D Touch uses the Taptic Engine to provide a tactile sensation relative to the force being applied to the display to indicate to the user that a light or deep press action has been completed. An example of how this technology was used is lightly pressing the screen to preview a photograph and deeply pressing to open it, a feature dubbed 'Peek and Pop' by Apple. All iPhones starting with the iPhone 6s (with the exception of the first-generation iPhone SE and iPhone XR ) had this feature. Starting in 2019 however,

This is a document about Touch ID
  devices to transact and store personal data, a reliable device-side authentication solution may become a necessity," Um said. With the unveiling of the iPhone 6 and 6 Plus at a keynote event on September 9, 2014, Touch ID was expanded from being used to unlock the device and authenticating App Store purchases to also authenticating Apple Pay. The iPhone 6S incorporates a second-generation Touch ID sensor that is up to twice as fast as the first-generation sensor found in the 5S, 6, and SE (1st generation) phones. As of September 2020, the iPhone 6S, 6S Plus, 7, 7 Plus, 8, 8 Plus, SE (2nd generation), 2016-2020 MacBook Pro, 2018-2020 MacBook Air, iPad Pro 10.5" and 12.9" (2nd generation), iPad Air

This is a document about IPhone SE (1st generation)
  The first-generation iPhone SE (also  known as iPhone SE 1 or iPhone SE 2016; SE is an initialism for Special Edition ) is a smartphone that was designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. It is part of the 9th generation of the iPhone alongside the higher-end iPhone 6S and 6S Plus. Pre-orders began on March 24, 2016. It was officially released on March 31, 2016. It was re-released on March 24, 2017 with larger storage capacities. The iPhone SE shares the same physical design and dimensions as iPhone 5S, and has upgraded internal hardware, including the newer Apple A9 system-on-chip, greater battery capacity, and a 12-megapixel

This is a document about IPhone 6
  including most prominently, being susceptible to bending under hard pressure (dubbed "Bendgate"), and as a byproduct of this lack of rigidity, the touchscreen's internal hardware being susceptible to losing its connection to the phone's logic board (nicknamed "Touch Disease"). Additionally, some iPhone 6 Plus models were the subject of camera issues, including some with malfunctioning optical image stabilization or otherwise defects on rear cameras. The iPhone 6 and 6 Plus were moved to the midrange spot in Apple's iPhone lineup when the iPhone 6S and 6S Plus were released in September 2015. The iPhone 6 and 6 Plus were discontinued in most markets on September 7, 2016 when

This is a document about IPhone 4S
  iPhone 4S exist, as said differences existed between the CDMA and GSM models of the iPhone 4). On September 10, 2013, the iPhone 4S name was re-stylised as iPhone 4s, using a lower case 's' to reflect the names of the newly announced iPhone 5s and iPhone 5c. This was unusual for Apple as an upper case 'S' had been used since the introduction of the iPhone 3GS in 2009. On September 9, 2014, the iPhone 4S was officially discontinued following the reveal of iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus. However, 4S production did continue for developing markets until February 17, 2016. On September 13, 2016, following the release of iOS 10, Apple dropped support for the iPhone 4S, making iOS 9 the last major iOS version available for the device.

This is a document about IPhone 7
  The iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus are smartphones designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. They are the tenth generation of the iPhone. They were announced on September 7, 2016, at the Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco by Apple CEO Tim Cook, and were released on September 16, 2016, succeeding the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus as the flagship devices in the iPhone series. Apple also released the iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus in numerous countries worldwide throughout September and October 2016. They were succeeded as flagship devices by the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus on September 22, 2017. The iPhone 7's overall design is similar to iPhone 6S and iPhone

This is a document about History of Apple Inc.
  Watch was released on April 24, 2015. On September 9, 2015, Apple announced the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus with 3D Touch, the iPad Pro, and the fourth-generation Apple TV, along with the fourth-generation iPad Mini. On March 21, 2016, Apple announced the first-generation iPhone SE and the smaller iPad Pro. On September 7, 2016, Apple announced the iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus with an improved camera and a faster processor than the previous generation. The iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus have high storage options. On October 27, 2016, Apple announced the new 13 and 15 inch Macbook Pro

This is a document about IPhone 6
  alleged the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus infringed on its design patent. The iPhone 6 and 6 Plus were discontinued on September 7, 2016, when Apple announced the iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus, and the iPhone 6 and 6 Plus' spot as the entry-level iPhone was taken by the first-generation iPhone SE. As the iPhone SE has more powerful internal hardware than the midrange iPhone 6 (largely the same as the 6S) and had been released earlier on March 31, 2016, this created an unusual situation when it was sold alongside the iPhone 6 and 6 Plus until September 7 despite being

This is a document about IOS version history
  SFSafariViewController. ; Long tapping the Reload button in Safari View Controller now gives options to Reload Without Content Blockers and Request Desktop Site, like in Safari. ; Fixed an issue where WebApps saved to the home screen would not respect the apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style meta tag. ; -valign="top" -valign="top" 13D15 January 19, 2016 General bug fixes and security patches. ; iTunes re-issued on February 18, 2016, (build 13D20) Fixes rare "Error 53" on iPhone 6. ; } } Apple announced iOS 9 on June 8, 2015, at its annual Apple Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) event, and it was released to the public on September 16, 2015, alongside the iPhone 6S, iPhone

This is a document about IPhone 5S
  smartphone by the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus on September 19, 2014, but the older model remained available for purchase at a reduced price, while the 64GB version was discontinued. The gold edition of the iPhone 5S was discontinued on September 9, 2015, when Apple revealed the iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus The iPhone 5S was discontinued on March 21, 2016, and succeeded by the first-generation iPhone SE, which continues the same form factor but features vastly upgraded internals similar to the flagship iPhone 6S. This was a break with Apple's product positioning trend (in North America and Western Europe), starting with iPhone 4S released in October 2011, which

This is a document about IPhone X
  iPhone 10 redirects here. The iPhone X (Roman numeral "X" pronounced "ten") is a smartphone designed, developed, marketed, produced, and sold by Apple Inc. The 11th generation of the iPhone, it was available to pre-order on October 27, 2017, and was released on November 3, 2017. The iPhone X used a glass and stainless-steel form factor and "bezel-less" design, shrinking the bezels while not having a "chin", unlike many Android phones. It was the first iPhone to use an OLED screen. The home button's fingerprint sensor was replaced with a new type of authentication called Face ID, which used sensors to scan the user's face to unlock the device. This face-recognition capability also enabled emojis to be animated following the user's expression (Animoji). With a bezel-less design, iPhone user interaction changed

This is a document about IOS version history
  ; } } Apple announced iOS 11 on June 5, 2017, at its annual Apple Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) event, and it was released to the public on September 19, 2017, alongside the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus. With this release, Apple dropped support for the 32-bit iPhone 5, iPhone 5C, and iPad (4th generation), and also dropped support for 32-bit applications, making iOS a 64-bit-only OS that only runs 64-bit apps. iOS 11 has limited support on devices with the Apple A7 or A8 processors: the iPhone 5S, iPhone 6/6 Plus, iPod Touch (6th generation), iPad Air, iPad Air 2, iPad

This is a document about IOS 10
  iOS 10 is the tenth major release of the iOS mobile operating system developed by Apple Inc., being the successor to iOS 9. It was announced at the company's Worldwide Developers Conference on June 13, 2016, and was released on September 13, that year. It was succeeded by iOS 11 on September 19, 2017. iOS 10 incorporates changes to 3D Touch and the lock screen. There are new features to some apps: Messages has additional emojis and third-party apps can extend functionality in iMessage, Maps has a redesigned interface and additional third-party functions, the Home app manages "HomeKit"-enabled accessories, Photos has algorithmic search and categorization of media known as "Memories," and Siri is compatible with third-party app-specific requests,

The iPhone 6S was officially released on September 25, 2015.