Question: when were the first thermos flasks produced for commercial use

Answer: 1904

This is a document about Vacuum flask
  The flask was later developed using new materials such as glass and aluminium; however, Dewar refused to patent his invention. Dewar's design was quickly transformed into a commercial item in 1904 as two German glassblowers, Reinhold Burger and Albert Aschenbrenner, discovered that it could be used to keep cold drinks cold and warm drinks warm and invented a more robust flask design, which was suited for everyday use. The Dewar flask design had never been patented but the German men who discovered the commercial use for the product named it Thermos, and subsequently claimed both the rights to the commercial product and the trademark to the name. In his subsequent attempt to claim the

This is a document about Lunchbox
  were woven baskets with handles. A meal would be wrapped in a handkerchief. Depending on your station, a fancy wooden box would be used by the wealthy." Tinplate boxes and recycled biscuit tins commonly were used in the early 1800s, and fitted metal pails and boxes began to appear around the 1850s. Patents started to appear for lunchbox inventions in the 1860s. The Thermos, a vacuum flask adapted for lunch box use, was introduced in 1904. The Thermos, which enabled hot or cold beverages to remain at optimal temperature until lunchtime, became a common component of the lunch box. The American Thermos Bottle Co. of Norwich, CT, later named King Seeley Thermos or KST, "produced the first metal lunch box for kids in 1920" as a "vehicle for their vacuum bottles."

This is a document about Thermos LLC
  In 1892, James Dewar, a Scottish born scientist, working at Cambridge University, invented the vacuum-insulated flask, a scientific vessel for storing liquefied gases. It was not a household item fit for everyday use like carrying warm coffee. In 1903, the German glass blower Reinhold Burger received a German patent for an isolating vessel for everyday use. In 1904, Burger registered the trademark Thermos for his patent. In 1906, the company Thermos GmbH was formed by Burger with Albert Aschenbrenner and Gustav Robert Paalen. The production of Thermos-branded bottles in the United States was based on US patent 13,093 by Burger and Aschenbrenner. The vacuum flask is today commonly called the Dewar flask among chemists in recognition of its inventor, though he did not register a patent or trademark for his invention. When Burger and Thermos GmbH did so, Dewar sued, but lost his court case to claim intellectual property rights to the invention.

This is a document about Thermos LLC
  The word thermos is a genericized trademark used sometimes, since the early 20th century, as a term for any vacuum-insulated flask regardless of manufacturer. Brand genericide refers to products that were originally trademarked but becomes so common place in day to day language that the name is no longer associated with its original manufacturer. From around 1910 until 1922, the American Thermos Bottle Company strove for this synonymity, as it was considered free advertising; the value of such advertising was estimated, in 1917, at between $3 and $4 million worth in American dollars alone. As the company and the vacuum-flask market grew, it became increasingly protective of

This is a document about Vacuum flask
  on the go and carrying liquids on camping trips to keep them either hot or cold. Eventually other manufacturers produced similar products for consumer use. The name later became a genericized trademark after the term "thermos" became the household name for such a vacuum-insulated container for liquids. The vacuum flask went on to be used for many different types of scientific experiments and the commercial "Thermos" was transformed into a common item. Thermos remains a registered trademark in some countries, but it was declared a genericized trademark by court action in the United States in 1963, since it had become colloquially synonymous with vacuum flasks in general. However, there are other vacuum flasks.

This is a document about Thermos LLC
  Thermos LLC is a manufacturer of insulated food and beverage containers and other consumer products. The original company was founded in Germany in 1904. In 1989, the Thermos operating companies in Japan, U.K, Canada and Australia were acquired by Nippon Sanso K.K., which had developed the world's first stainless steel vacuum bottle in 1978, before it renamed itself Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corporation, as which it remains known in the present day. Taiyo Nippon Sanso also acquired the original Thermos GmbH company in Langewiesen, Germany, that still owned 15 original patents. This part of Thermos had been located behind the "Iron Curtain" since 1945 but the German reunification encouraged foreign investments.

This is a document about Connections (British documentary)
  bottles, the canned food went bad, and people blamed the spoiled food on "bad air", also known as swamp air. Investigations around "bad air" and malaria led to the innovation of air conditioning and refrigeration. In 1892, Sir James Dewar invented a container that could keep liquids hot or cold (the thermos) which led three men – Tsiolkovsky, Robert Goddard, and Hermann Oberth – to construct a large thermal flask for either liquid hydrogen and oxygen or for solid fuel combustion for use in rocket propulsion, applying the thermal flask principle to keep rocket fuel cold and successfully using it for the V-2 rocket and

This is a document about Vacuum flask
  to the invention, Dewar instead lost a court case to the company. The manufacturing and performance of the Thermos bottle was significantly improved and refined by the Viennese inventor and merchant Gustav Robert Paalen, who designed various types for domestic use, which he also patented, and distributed widely, through the Thermos Bottle Companies in the United States, Canada and the UK, which bought licences for respective national markets. The American Thermos Bottle Company built up a mass production in Norwich, CT, which brought prices down and enabled the wide distribution of the product for at-home use. Over time, the company expanded the size, shapes and materials of these consumer products, primarily used for carrying

This is a document about Thermos LLC
  Thermos products made a major impact in the 1950s and sold over 2 million units. In 2004, the Smithsonian Institution museum featured Thermos products as part of its "Taking America to Lunch" retrospective of lunch kits from the 1880s to the 1980s.

This is a document about Thermos LLC
  trademark, which it registered in 1923, following a narrow lawsuit victory over flask retailer W. T. Grant Company. Starting in 1935, Thermos employed a clipping service to find unauthorized usages and protested to dictionary editors who included thermos as a word rather than a proper name. A 1940 internal memo said the definitions "undoubtedly would be cited against us in a lawsuit to defend the trademark. The best we can do is to try to 'purify' the definition of the word. Into the 1950s, Thermos continued its efforts to protect it, creating various products (tents, lanterns, campstoves) bearing the name to affirm it as a brand name,

This is a document about Stanley bottle
  The Stanley all-steel vacuum flask was invented by William Stanley Jr. in 1913. Early uses for the Stanley bottle included flying with the pilots on B-17s during World War II, carrying human organs, transporting bull semen by the cattle industry, and accompanying crews on deep sea explorations. More recently the bottle has been used for cooking noodles and hot dogs, transporting temperature-delicate medicines, and carrying coffee or other hot drinks.

This is a document about Vacuum flask
  The vacuum flask was designed and invented by Scottish scientist Sir James Dewar in 1892 as a result of his research in the field of cryogenics and is sometimes called a Dewar flask in his honour. While performing experiments in determining the specific heat of the element palladium, Dewar made a brass chamber that he enclosed in another chamber to keep the palladium at its desired temperature. He evacuated the air between the two chambers, creating a partial vacuum to keep the temperature of the contents stable. Through the need for this insulated container James Dewar created the vacuum flask, which became a significant tool for chemical experiments and also became a common household

This is a document about Vacuum flask
   A vacuum flask (also known as a Dewar flask, Dewar bottle or thermos) is an insulating storage vessel that greatly lengthens the time over which its contents remain hotter or cooler than the flask's surroundings. Invented by Sir James Dewar in 1892, the vacuum flask consists of two flasks, placed one within the other and joined at the neck. The gap between the two flasks is partially evacuated of air, creating a near-vacuum which significantly reduces heat transfer by conduction or convection. Vacuum flasks are used domestically, to keep beverages hot or cold for extended periods of time, and for many purposes in industry.

This is a document about Hot water bottle
  "India rubber" hot-water bottles were in use in Britain at least by 1875. Modern conventional hot-water bottles were patented in 1903 and are manufactured in natural rubber or PVC, to a design patented by the Croatian inventor Eduard Penkala. They are now commonly covered in fabric, sometimes with a novelty design. By the late 20th century, the use of hot-water bottles had markedly declined around most of the world. Not only were homes better heated, but newer items such as electric blankets were competing with hot-water bottles as a source of night-time heat. However the hot-water bottle remains a popular alternative in Australia, Ireland, United Kingdom, developing countries and rural areas. For example, it is widely used in Chile,

This is a document about James Dewar
  year, he showed that both liquid oxygen and liquid ozone are strongly attracted by a magnet. About 1892, the idea occurred to him of using vacuum-jacketed vessels for the storage of liquid gases – the Dewar flask (otherwise known as a Thermos or vacuum flask) – the invention for which he became most famous. The vacuum flask was so efficient at keeping heat out, it was found possible to preserve the liquids for comparatively long periods, making an examination of their optical properties possible. Dewar did not profit from the widespread adoption of his vacuum flask – he lost a court

This is a document about Timeline of low-temperature technology
  refrigeration unit to the New Zealand vessel Dunedin ; 1883 – Zygmunt Wróblewski condenses experimentally useful quantities of liquid oxygen ; 1885 – Zygmunt Wróblewski published hydrogen's critical temperature as 33 K; critical pressure, 13.3 atmospheres; and boiling point, 23 K. ; 1888 – Loftus Perkins develops the "Arktos" cold chamber for preserving food, using an early ammonia absorption system. ; 1892 – James Dewar invents the vacuum-insulated, silver-plated glass Dewar flask ; 1895 – Carl von Linde files for patent protection of the Hampson–Linde cycle for liquefaction of atmospheric air or other gases (approved in 1903). ; 1898 – James Dewar condenses liquid hydrogen by using regenerative cooling and his invention, the vacuum flask.

This is a document about Stanley bottle
  products were added and Stanley containers were now used by airlines, railroads, ocean lines, hospitals and mass feeding institutions. In 1953 the Pint Quart and two Quart bottles were modified to utilize common cups, collars, and stoppers. On March 30, 1961, there was a tender offer to acquire controlling stock of L F & C by J. B. Williams Company, a leading producer of pharmaceuticals. Within six weeks J. B. Williams had ownership of 80% of some 404,000 outstanding shares. In 1965, Aladdin acquired the Universal Stanley Division of the J. B. Williams Company, which made the Stanley thermos bottle in Nashville, Tennessee. All of Stanley's

This is a document about Cooler
  The original inventor of the cooler is unknown, with versions becoming available in various parts of the world throughout the 1950s. The portable ice chest was patented in the USA by Richard C. Laramy of Joliet, Illinois. On February 24, 1951, Laramy filed an application with the United States Patent Office for a portable ice chest (Serial No. 212,573). The patent (#2,663,157) was issued December 22, 1953. In 1952, the portable Esky Auto Box was released in Australia by the Sydney refrigeration company Malley’s. Made from steel and finished in baked enamel and chrome, with cork sheeting for insulation, the Esky became the first mass produced cooler on the market. The brand found huge success and by 1960, 500,000 Australian households owned one (in a country of approximately 3 million households at the time). The Coleman Company popularized the cooler within the USA with its initial offering of a galvanized cooler in 1954. Three years later, Coleman developed a process to make a plastic liner for coolers and jugs.

This is a document about Xylem Inc.
  The company from the start introduced the first commercial product in many categories: In 1952, they introduced the first quartz crystal electronic stopwatch, and the first practical electronic thermometer. In 1956, first commercial heart-lung machine, in 1957, the first instantaneous blood-gas analyzer. They continued development in their key area of temperature measurement. They produced the first interchangeable thermistor temperature probes in 1955, and developed it into a complete line of precision interchangeable thermistors in 1961, and in 1965 developed the first linear thermistor temperature sensor, which Industrial Research magazine recognized as one of the 100 most significant new technological products of the year. In other analytical instruments, they produced the

This is a document about Milk car
  car body resembling a boxcar. These tank cars were usually filled with milk pre-cooled to 38 °F at a central collection point just prior to pickup by a milk train with a delivery schedule avoiding need for additional cooling during transit. Milk was shipped from Wisconsin to Florida as a test; and the temperature rose only a single degree Fahrenheit (1 F-change) during a trip lasting 101 hours. Caspar Pfaudler invented a method of lining cast iron tanks with glass while working with the brewing industry. The first glass-lined tanks were built by the Dickson Manufacturing Company in 1887; and the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906

The first thermos flasks for commercial use were produced by the American Thermos Bottle Company in 1904.


Question: where did the name kellogg 's come from

Answer: Will Keith Kellogg

This is a document about 2021 Kellogg's strike
  Kellogg's is an American food manufacturer that derives approximately a third of its profits from its line of breakfast cereals, which includes brands such as Froot Loops and Frosted Flakes. In the United States, the company operated four cereal-producing plants in Battle Creek, Michigan (also where the company is headquartered); Omaha, Nebraska; Lancaster, Pennsylvania; and Memphis, Tennessee. Going into October 2021, the company had been negotiating for over a year with the Bakery, Confectionery, Tobacco Workers and Grain Millers' International Union (BCTGM), a labor union that represents about 1,400 workers at these plants. The union and company had had a rough relationship over the past several years, with the

This is a document about General Foods
  Roots of General Foods can be traced to the Post Cereal Company, founded by C. W. Post in 1895 in Battle Creek, Michigan. Post was a patient at the Battle Creek Sanitarium (run by John Harvey Kellogg, brother of Kellogg Company founder Will Keith Kellogg), and was inspired by the diet there to start his food company (and become a rival to the Kellogg brothers, who sold their own breakfast cereals). Post invested $78 in his initial equipment and supplies and set up manufacturing in a barn on what was known as the 'Old Beardsley Farm'. His first product was

This is a document about John Harvey Kellogg
  to the flakes, John would not agree to the change. So, in 1906, Will started his own company, the Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company. This marked the start of a decades-long feud between the brothers. Will's Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company eventually became the Kellogg Company, while John was denied the right to use the Kellogg name for his cereals. They had other competitors as well, including C. W. Post. Post was treated at the Battle Creek Sanitarium between February 6 and November 9, 1891, and later by Christian Scientists whom he credited with his successful treatment. He settled in Battle

This is a document about Kellogg's
   The Kellogg Company, doing business as Kellogg's, is an American multinational food manufacturing company headquartered in Battle Creek, Michigan, United States. Kellogg's produces cereal and convenience foods, including crackers and toaster pastries, and markets their products by several well known brands including Corn Flakes, Rice Krispies, Frosted Flakes, Pringles, Eggo, and Cheez-It. Kellogg's mission statement is "Nourishing families so they can flourish and thrive." Kellogg's products are manufactured and marketed in over 180 countries. Kellogg's largest factory is at Trafford Park in Trafford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom, which is also the location of its UK headquarters. Other corporate office locations outside of Battle Creek include Chicago, Dublin (European Headquarters), Shanghai, and Querétaro City. Kellogg's holds a Royal Warrant from Queen Elizabeth II and the Prince of Wales.

This is a document about C. W. Post
  Post began a period of extensive travels in search of a cure, coming to take particular interest in the chemistry of digestion. After a period traversing Europe, Post visited the Battle Creek Sanitarium of Battle Creek, Michigan, a facility operated by John Harvey Kellogg (brother of Kellogg Company founder Will Keith Kellogg). Post has been accused of stealing several of Kellogg's recipes, including Kellogg's Caramel Coffee Cereal (Post's Postum), Cornflakes (Toasties), and Malted Nuts (Grape Nuts). In 1895, Post founded Postum Cereal Co., with his first product, Postum cereal beverage. Post's first breakfast cereal premiered in 1897, and he named the product Grape-Nuts cereal because of the fruity aroma noticed during the manufacturing process and the nutty crunch

This is a document about John Harvey Kellogg
  Around 1877, John H. Kellogg began experimenting to produce a softer breakfast food, something easy to chew. He developed a dough that was a mixture of wheat, oats, and corn. It was baked at high temperatures for a long period of time, to break down or "dextrinize" starch molecules in the grain. After it cooled, Kellogg broke the bread into crumbs. The cereal was originally marketed under the name "Granula" but this led to legal problems with James Caleb Jackson who already sold a wheat cereal under that name. In 1881, under threat of a lawsuit by Jackson, Kellogg changed the sanitarium cereal's name

This is a document about John Harvey Kellogg
  "Granola". It was used initially by patients at the sanitarium, but slowly began to build up a following among former patients. In 1890, John formed the Sanitas Food Company to develop and market food products. The Kelloggs are best known for the invention of the famous breakfast cereal corn flakes. The development of the flaked cereal in 1894 has been variously described by those involved: Ella Eaton Kellogg, John Harvey Kellogg, his younger brother Will Keith Kellogg, and other family members. There is considerable disagreement over who was involved in the discovery, and the role that they played. According to some accounts, Ella suggested

This is a document about Kellogg (name)
  Kellogg (1673–1757), member of the Connecticut House of Representatives from Norwalk ; Stephen Wright Kellogg (1822–1904), American politician, attorney, military officer, and judge ; Stephen Kellogg of the band Stephen Kellogg and the Sixers ; Steven Kellogg (born 1941), American children's author and illustrator ; Vernon Lyman Kellogg (1867–1937), American entomologist, evolutionary biologist, and science administrator ; Virginia Kellogg (1907–1981), American film writer ; W. K. Kellogg (1860–1951), American industrialist, founder of the Kellogg Company ; William Kellogg (disambiguation), several people ; Winthrop Kellogg (1898–1972), American comparative psychologist Kellogg is an English surname (originally Kyllehog, a pork butcher) which may refer to:

This is a document about Nansi Richards
  A frequently told, but possibly apocryphal, story about Richards involves one of Richards' overseas trips, when she visited the home of corn flakes manufacturer Will Kellogg, who was looking for a marketing idea. Richards suggested the cockerel (later named Cornelius Rooster), inspired by a pun on the name Kellogg and the Welsh word "ceiliog", meaning "cockerel".

This is a document about Kellogg's
  In 1876, John Harvey Kellogg became the superintendent of the Battle Creek Sanitarium (originally the Western Health Reform Institute founded by Ellen White) and his brother, W. K. Kellogg, worked as the bookkeeper. This is where corn flakes were created and led to the eventual formation of the Kellogg Company. For years, W. K. Kellogg assisted his brother in research aimed at improving the vegetarian diet of the Battle Creek Sanitarium's patients, especially in the search for wheat-based granola. The Kelloggs are best known for the invention of the famous breakfast cereal corn flakes. The development of the flaked cereal in 1894 has been variously described by those involved:

This is a document about Seventh-day Adventist Church
  of breakfast cereals into the Western diet, and the "modern commercial concept of cereal food" originated among Adventists. John Harvey Kellogg was one of the early founders of Adventist health work. His development of breakfast cereals as a health food led to the founding of Kellogg's by his brother William. He advertised bland corn flakes as a way to curb sexual desire and avoid the evils of masturbation. In both Australia and New Zealand, the church-owned Sanitarium Health and Wellbeing Company is a leading manufacturer of health and vegetarian-related products, most prominently Weet-Bix. The Adventist Health Studies indicate that the

This is a document about Cone Mills Corporation
  The history of the Cone Mills Corporation had its beginnings in 1845 after Herman Kahn (1828–1897), a Jewish-German immigrant, and his sister's family left their home in Bavaria for a new life in the United States. Almost immediately upon arriving in the country, Herman changed the spelling of his surname from Kahn to Cone, thinking it a "more American spelling", as "Cone" had been a surname known in America as early as 1657. Herman Cone and his brother-in-law Jacob Adler started a dry goods business in the German-speaking Pennsylvania Dutch town of Jonesboro, Tennessee. Cone & Adler sold the usual

This is a document about W. K. Kellogg House
  Beginning in 1880, W.K. Kellogg served as business manager at the Battle Creek Sanitarium, whose head physician at the time was Dr. John Harvey Kellogg, W.K.'s older brother. While there, W.K. experimented with grain-based substitutes for meat and bread, and accidentally discovered a process to manufacture cereal flakes. In 1906, W.K. Kellogg left the sanitarium to start his own company, then called the Battle Creek Tasted Corn Flake Company (later changed to the Kellogg Company). Despite established competition, Kellogg's company quickly became profitable. In 1909, Kellogg moved into a house located at 2650 W. Van Buren Street. In 1918, he married his second wife, Dr.. Carrie Staines, a physician at

This is a document about Remington Kellogg
  Kellogg was born in Davenport, Iowa, and quickly dropped the name "Arthur". From a young age he devoted his free time to the study of wildlife. He built up his own small collection of mounted birds and mammals and by the time he came to choose a university he had determined he would become a naturalist. Choosing the University of Kansas as it offered courses in his chosen field, he first studied entomology, later switching to the study of mammals. From 1913 to 1916 he worked under Charles D. Bunker, the curator of birds and mammals at the university's Museum of Natural

This is a document about Kellogg's
  the Sanitarium. However, Dr. John Harvey forbade his brother Will from distributing cereal beyond his consumers. As a result, the brothers fell out, and W. K. launched the Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company on February 19, 1906. Convincing his brother to relinquish rights to the product, Will's company produced and marketed the hugely successful Kellogg's Toasted Corn Flakes and was renamed the Kellogg Toasted Corn Flake Company in 1909, taking on the current name of the Kellogg Company in 1922. In 1931, the Kellogg Company announced that most of its factories would shift towards 30-hour work weeks, from the usual 40. W.K. Kellogg stated that he did

This is a document about Technological and industrial history of 20th-century Canada
  Cold breakfast cereal became increasingly popular during these years. Wheat and later corn flakes were developed in the US by the Kellogg brothers in 1894 and the Kellogg Company was formed in 1906. In London, Ontario the Canadian Corn Company purchased the rights to manufacture and distribute Toasted Corn Flakes for Canadian distribution. In 1924 the American Kellogg Company purchased the London operation and formed Kellogg Canada Inc. Since that time the company has manufactured and distributed in Canada a wide variety of breakfast cereals including Corn Flakes, 1907, Bran Flakes, 1915, All Bran, 1916 and Rice Krispies, 1928. Although neither

This is a document about Wheaties
  Wheaties was created in 1921, as a result of an accidental spill of a wheat bran mixture onto a hot stove by a Minnesota clinician working for the Washburn Crosby Company (later General Mills). By November 1924, after more than 36 attempts to strengthen the flakes to withstand packaging, the process for creating the flakes had been perfected by the Washburn head miller, George Cormack, and the cereal was named Washburn's Gold Medal Whole Wheat Flakes. Soon after, the name was changed to Wheaties as a result of an employee contest won by Jane Bausman, the wife of a company export manager. Other names passed over included "Nutties" and "Gold Medal Wheat Flakes." Wheaties began to be advertised on Minneapolis's WCCO radio station (owned by Washburn Crosby) on December 24, 1926, with the first-ever pre-recorded commercial jingle. Its lyrics were sung to the tune of the then-popular "She's a Jazz Baby" by Bill Holcombe and David Miller or possibly to the tune of "Jazz Baby":

This is a document about Honey Smacks
  Introduced in 1953, the cereal has undergone several name changes. It started out as "Sugar Smacks". In the 1980s, it was renamed "Honey Smacks", in order to comply with cereals becoming healthier, even though the sugar content stayed the same. In the early 1990s,, the word "Honey" was dropped from the name and the product was then simply called "Smacks". That name is still used in Germany, Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands, and France. However, in the US the name reverted to "Honey Smacks" in 2004. In the UK in 1957, a similar product called Sugar Puffs debuted. In Norway and Finland, it is known as "Honni Korn Smacks". In Australia, the cereal had been known as Honey Smacks since the 1970s. However, Kellogg's Australia no longer markets the brand.

This is a document about Rice Krispies Treats
  Rice Krispies Treats were invented in 1939 by Malitta Jensen and Mildred Day at the Kellogg Company home economics department as a fund raiser for Camp Fire Girls. Kellogg's began to commercially produce plain and chocolate-based treats under the trademark brand-names of "Rice Krispies Treats" (in the U.S. and Mexico), "Squares" (in Canada, Ireland and the U.K.) and "LCMs" (in Australia and New Zealand) in 1995; however, other manufacturers had offered similar products under variant names (such as "Crisped Rice Treats" or "Marshmallow Treats") prior to this. Kellogg's has also offered a breakfast cereal based on the confection since the 1990s.

This is a document about Ian McNair
  When Ian was born in 1933, his father Bill received news that the advertising agency he worked at, JWT, had won the Kelloggs advertising contract. For this reason, Ian almost acquired the name Ian Kellogg. However the middle name Wallace was chosen for two reasons; it was the middle name of Bill's brother, but probably more so in recognition of William Wallace whose defeat of the English in 1298 was significant to the Scottish heritage of the McNair family.

The name "Kellogg's" comes from the Kellogg brothers, John Harvey Kellogg and Will Keith Kellogg, who founded the company in 1906. The name was originally used for their cereal company, Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company, which later became the Kellogg Company.


Question: when will they finish building the sagrada familia

Answer: 2026

This is a document about Sagrada Família
  Construction on Sagrada Família is not supported by any government or official church sources. Private patrons funded the initial stages. Money from tickets purchased by tourists is now used to pay for the work, and private donations are accepted through the Friends of the Sagrada Família. The construction budget for 2009 was €18 million. In October 2018, Sagrada Família trustees agreed to pay €36 million in payments to the city authorities, to land a building permit after 136 years of construction. Most of the funds would be directed to improve the access between the church and the Barcelona Metro. The permit was issued by the city on 7 June 2019.

This is a document about Timeline of architecture
 2026 – The Sagrada Família is expected to be finished. ; 2021 – The Tower in Dubai is set to be completed, and will become the tallest structure in the world at a rumored height of at least 1,300 meters (4,625 feet).

This is a document about Antoni Gaudí
  processions and to isolate the building from the exterior. Gaudí used highly symbolic content in the Sagrada Família, both in architecture and sculpture, dedicating each part of the church to a religious theme. During Gaudí's life only the crypt, apse and part of the Nativity façade were completed. Upon his death his assistant Domènec Sugrañes took over the construction; thereafter it was directed by various architects. Jordi Bonet i Armengol assumed responsibility in 1987 and continued as of 2011. Artists such as Llorenç and Joan Matamala, Carles Mani, Jaume Busquets, Joaquim Ros i Bofarull, Etsuro Sotoo and Josep Maria Subirachs (creator of the Passion façade) have worked on the sculptural decoration. Completion is not expected until at least 2026.

This is a document about Sagrada Família
  intermittent progress in the 1950s. Advancements in technologies such as computer aided design and computerised numerical control (CNC) have since enabled faster progress and construction passed the midpoint in 2010. However, some of the project's greatest challenges remain, including the construction of ten more spires, each symbolising an important Biblical figure in the New Testament. It was anticipated that the building would be completed by 2026, the centenary of Gaudí's death but this has now been delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The basilica has a long history of splitting opinion among the residents of Barcelona: over the initial possibility it might compete with Barcelona's cathedral, over

This is a document about Sagrada Família
  The Basílica de la Sagrada Família (Catalan: ; Basílica de la Sagrada Familia; 'Basilica of the Holy Family'), also known as the Sagrada Família, is a large unfinished minor basilica in the Eixample district of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Designed by the Catalan architect Antoni Gaudí (1852–1926), his work on the building is part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. On 7 November 2010, Pope Benedict XVI consecrated the church and proclaimed it a minor basilica. On 19 March 1882, construction of the Sagrada Família began under architect Francisco de Paula del Villar. In 1883, when Villar resigned, Gaudí took over as chief architect, transforming the project with

This is a document about Culture of Barcelona
  the Sagrada Família, which has been under construction since 1882, and is still financed by private donations: as of 2007, completion is planned for 2026. Other examples of his work are the Palau Güell, the Park Güell, the Casa Milà (La Pedrera) and the Casa Batlló. Many turn-of-the-century buildings were constructed in the context of the huge widening of the city which came with the construction of Eixample and the incorporation of other municipalities into a larger Barcelona. This was based on Ildefons Cerdà's linear mid-19th century urban plan, which was revolutionary at the time and which is still notable for allowing new architecture to

This is a document about Antoni Gaudí
  and said that he was occupied exclusively with the Sagrada Família, but sent some sketches of the Assumption chapel which he had designed for the apse of the Sagrada Família, which more or less coincided with what Padre Aranda had asked for. Unfortunately this project was not carried out, though there are currently plans by the Chilean architect Christian Matzner to take up the project. The President of Chile, Michelle Bachelet, has announced that building will begin in 2015, with an expected completion in 2017 and at a cost of $7 million. Once completed it will become the first of Gaudí's works to

This is a document about Hof Ásatrúarfélagsins
  Construction officially broke ground at the solar eclipse of 20 March 2015. The building was then projected to be finished in the late summer of 2016. However, the complicated design has caused technical problems and further delays. Immediately there were problems with the preparation of the site, which had the effect that actual construction did not begin until 2017. In December 2017 it was expected to be finished by the end of 2018. In February 2019, Hilmar Örn said that the most optimistic expectation was for the building to be finished in December 2019, although he hoped that parts would be ready for active use already in the autumn that year. He explained that it was the dome that caused problems and that the project had gone severely over its original budget, with the costs now estimated at around 270 million krónas. He

This is a document about Xi'an Glory International Financial Center
  The building was proposed in 2014. Construction started in 2015, and was finished in 2020. As of 2021, it is architecturally topped-out and expected to be fully complete in 2021.

This is a document about Sagrada Família
  Chief architect Jordi Fauli announced in October 2015 that construction is 70 percent complete and has entered its final phase of raising six immense steeples. The steeples and most of the church's structure are to be completed by 2026, the centennial of Gaudí's death; as of a 2017 estimate, decorative elements should be complete by 2030 or 2032. Visitor entrance fees of €15 to €20 finance the annual construction budget of €25million. Computer-aided design technology has been used to accelerate construction of the building. Current technology allows stone to be shaped off-site by a CNC milling machine, whereas in the 20th century the stone was carved by hand.  In 2008, some renowned Catalan architects advocated halting construction to respect Gaudí's original designs, which, although they were not exhaustive and were partially destroyed, have been partially reconstructed in recent years. In 2018, the stone type needed for the construction was found in a quarry in Brinscall, near Chorley, England.

This is a document about Vancouver House
  Construction of the skyscraper began in 2016 and was expected to be finished by the end of 2019. However, completion was postponed to summer of 2020.

This is a document about Unfinished creative work
  Civil War, during which part of the original models were destroyed. After the restoration of these models, the works are still in progress and the prevision is that the building will be finished in 2026. Today, even with portions of the basilica incomplete, it is still the most popular tourist destination in Barcelona with 1.5 million visitors every year. Gaudí spent 40 years of his life overseeing the project and is buried in the crypt. Also in Barcelona, construction on the Barcelona Cathedral started in 1298, but its dome and central tower were only finished in 1913, 615 years later. Germany's Cologne Cathedral took even longer to complete,

This is a document about Bolshaya Koltsevaya line
   The entire project was supposed to be completed by 2020–2021. By 2018, the completion date had been postponed until the end of 2022.

This is a document about Unfinished creative work
  are intentionally left with an unfinished appearance, particularly the follies of the late 16th to 18th century. There are many reasons for construction works being halted. Amongst others, they include a changing financial climate, unforeseen structural weaknesses, and a dramatic shift in the politics of a country. Work on the Palace of Soviets, a project to construct the world's largest building in Moscow, was halted when the city was attacked during World War II. Some buildings are in a cycle of near-perpetual construction, with work lasting for decades or even centuries. Antoni Gaudí's Sagrada Família in Barcelona has been under construction since 1882. Work was delayed by the

This is a document about AVE
  the Sagrada Família and other parties argued that the tunnel would damage the church, whose construction is still in progress. In this discussion about different possible routes, the one now built is also called the Provença tunnel because part of its route passes under the street of the same name. The tunnel boring machine Barcino passed the Sagrada Família in October 2010, and reached its final destination a few months later. In March 2012, railway equipment was installed, with a special elastic isolation of the rails in order to dampen vibrations at the sections passing close to Gaudí's architectural works, using the

This is a document about Kosančićev Venac
  June 2017, city urbanist Milutin Folić, announced that the façades will be finished in July, kaldrma only by the end of the year, the library will be revitalized in 2018 and when that is finished, the gallery will be built. In August 2017 the deadline for façades was moved to November, to be finished concurrently with kaldrma, which is being arranged according to the plans from 1903. However, as of February 2018, the troubled project is not yet finished, while architects denounced the quality of the works. The criticism include: frequent pauses and overall length of the works, disappearance of the original kaldrma from

This is a document about List of works by Norman Foster
  France ; Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. ; Royal Hamilius Centre, Luxembourg ; Milano Santa Giulia residential district, Milan, Italy ; Restoration of the 'Hall of Realms' (Salón de Reinos) as an expansion of the Prado Museum in Madrid, Spain (completion later than 2024). ; Omkar 1973, apartment building, Worli, Mumbai (completion 2018). ; Circular Quay Tower, Sydney, Australia (under construction) ; Bilbao Fine Arts Museum expansion, Bilbao, Spain (competition won, 2019) ; Torre Córdoba y Alem, Buenos Aires, Argentina (under construction) ; One Beverly Hills, Three tower complex adjacent the Beverly Hilton in Los Angeles, California. Towers approved and expected by 2026. urbanize.com

This is a document about Templo de la Sagrada Familia, Cusco
  On September 13, 1723, the first stone was placed to begin the construction of the Templo de la Sagrada Familia by order of Bishop Gabriel de Arregui following the design of Francisco Becerra. After the death of the architect in charge of the work, it was re-started in 1733 and was completed on September 3, 1735. In 1996, with the support of the Archbishopric of Cusco and the European Union, the temple was restored after it was closed about 30 years.

This is a document about Shiyan–Xi'an high-speed railway
  Construction began on 7 July 2021. Construction is expected to take 4.5 years.

This is a document about Mahathi Fuel Transport and Storage Depot
  Construction began in 2017. As of September 2020, works were 80 percent complete, with commissioning expected in the first half of 2021. As of October 2021, construction was nearly complete, with commercial commissioning anticipated in December 2021.

The Sagrada Familia is expected to be completed by 2026.


Question: when does fiffty shades freed come out on dvd

Answer: May 8 , 2018

This is a document about Fifty Shades Freed (film)
  Fifty Shades Freed was released on digital on April 24, 2018, with a Blu-ray Disc, DVD and 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray release following on May 8, 2018.

This is a document about Same Kind of Different as Me (film)
  The film was originally scheduled to be released on April 29, 2016, but was pushed back to February 3, 2017. On December 30, 2016, the film was pushed back to October 20, 2017, and was acquired by Pure Flix Entertainment. The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray on February 20, 2018.

This is a document about Gotham (season 5)
  The season premiered on January 3, 2019 on Fox in the United States, and ended on April 25, 2019. The season was released on DVD and Blu-ray on June 11, 2019.

This is a document about An American Tail: Fievel Goes West
  2017, it was part of a DVD collection that included all four movies in the franchise. Fievel Goes West was issued to Blu-ray on April 4, 2017, in the United States, July 4 in Canada, and September 25 in the United Kingdom. Unlike the previous home media releases, the film has a sequence edited, like the infamous hidden penis doodle that was briefly seen during Tanya's version of "Dreams to Dream" was removed, thanks to the controversy. On online platforms, the film was released to Amazon Prime on November 11, 2013, Netflix on April 1, 2017, and Movies Anywhere on October 12, 2017.

This is a document about More Beautiful for Having Been Broken
  The film made its premiere at the Frameline Film Festival on June 30, 2019. On March 24, 2020, it was announced that Vision Films acquired worldwide distribution rights to the film. The film was released on DVD by Wolfe Video on April 7, 2020 and on digital platforms on May 8, 2020 in the United States and Canada.

This is a document about Interviewing Monsters and Bigfoot
  The film was released on VOD on October 6, 2020. It will be released on DVD on April 20, 2021.

This is a document about What We Found (film)
  The film was released on DVD and VOD on August 4, 2020.

This is a document about The Nightingale (2022 film)
  On June 23, 2017, TriStar scheduled the film to be released on August 10, 2018. On March 2, 2020, TriStar pushed the film to December 25, 2020. On April 24, 2020, TriStar briefly removed the film from the release calendar due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On April 30, 2020, TriStar rescheduled the film to be released on December 22, 2021. On February 19, 2021, TriStar pushed the film once more to December 23, 2022. On October 22, 2021, the film was removed from the release calendar again. In April 2021, Netflix and The Walt Disney Company signed a deal with Sony for the right to exclusively stream and broadcast on Disney's linear television networks for upcoming films, including this film after their theatrical and home media windows.

This is a document about Ouija 4
  Released on DVD April 3, 2018 by Cinedigm

This is a document about The Rookie (TV series)
  The first season was released on DVD in Region1 on August27, 2019, and in Region4 (Australia) on January22, 2020.

This is a document about South Park (season 23)
  The season was released in its entirety on DVD and Blu-ray on June 23, 2020.

This is a document about Hairy Bikers: Route 66
  Hairy Bikers Ride Route 66 was released on DVD on 2 December 2019.

This is a document about Supergirl (season 3)
  The season was released on DVD on September 17, 2018, and Blu-ray on September 18, 2018.

This is a document about What I Like About You (TV series)
  On May 1, 2007, Warner Home Video released the complete first season on DVD in region 1. The 3-disc set included a gag reel as the set's only bonus feature. Due to music licensing issues along, Lillix's cover of the theme song was removed and replaced with a generic pop-rock song produced specifically for the set. Due to low DVD sales and high music licensing costs, no further seasons were given a general retail release. On March 7, 2017, Warner Archive released the complete second season on DVD in region 1. The 3-disc set is a Manufacture-on-Demand (MOD) release, available only from online sellers such as Amazon.com and their CreateSpace MOD program. Despite being a Manufacture-on-Demand release, the theme song is still replaced with the same song used for the season 1 DVD set, and although it was originally broadcast in widescreen high definition (the first season of the series to do so), the episodes are presented on the DVD in fullscreen format. The complete third season was released on November 27, 2018. The complete fourth and final season was released on February 26, 2019.

This is a document about House of Cards (American TV series)
  Season 1 was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment in region 1 on June 11, 2013, season 2 was released on June 17, 2014, season 3 was released on July 7, 2015, season 4 was released on July 5, 2016, season 5 was released on October 3, 2017, and season 6 was released on March 5, 2019.

This is a document about Atlanta (TV series)
  The Complete First Season was released on DVD in Region 1 on March 6, 2018, and The Complete Second Season (Robbin' Season) was released on DVD on December 17, 2019.

This is a document about Beast Mode (film)
  The film was released on DVD and Digital on December 1, 2020.

This is a document about All the Devil's Men
  The film was released theatrically in the United States on December 7, 2018. It was released on Blu-Ray, DVD and digital platforms in the U.S. on February 5, 2019.

This is a document about South Park (season 21)
  This season was released in its entirety on DVD and Blu-ray on June 5, 2018.

This is a document about She's the Man
  The film debuted on DVD on July 18, 2006 in both widescreen and fullscreen editions. For the film's 15th anniversary, Paramount released the film on Blu-ray for the first time on March 2, 2021.

Fifty Shades Freed was released on DVD on May 8, 2018.


Question: who sings with meatloaf in anything for love

Answer: Lorraine Crosby

This is a document about Bat Out of Hell II: Back into Hell
  a club singer from North East England whom he was managing. While visiting the company's recording studios on Sunset Boulevard, Crosby was asked to provide guide vocals for Meat Loaf, who was recording "I'd Do Anything for Love". Crosby recalls, "I went and sang it twice and I never thought anything more of it until six months later when I got a phone call saying, 'Would you mind if we used your vocals?'" Cher, Melissa Etheridge and Bonnie Tyler had been considered for the role. However, as Crosby had recorded her part as guide vocals, she did not receive any royalties from the song.

This is a document about I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)
  Lorraine Crosby, a singer from England, was the guest singer. Crosby and her partner Stuart Emerson had moved to Los Angeles to work with Steinman, who became their manager. He secured them a contract with Meat Loaf's label MCA. While visiting the company's studios on Sunset Boulevard, Crosby was asked to provide guide vocals for Meat Loaf, who was recording "I'd Do Anything for Love". Crosby recalls, "In I went and sang it twice and I never thought anything more of it until six months later when I got a phone call saying, 'Would you mind if we used your vocals?'" As Crosby had recorded her part as guide vocals, she received no royalties from the song. Cher, Melissa Etheridge and Bonnie Tyler had been considered for the role. Tyler, who described Crosby as "a great friend of mine from Newcastle", said: "Meat Loaf was naughty, really: he gave her no acknowledgement on the album but I think her part really made that song."

This is a document about Meat Loaf
  in 1994 for "I'd Do Anything for Love". This song stayed at No. 1 in the UK chart for seven consecutive weeks. The single featured a female vocalist who was credited only as "Mrs. Loud". Mrs. Loud was later identified as Lorraine Crosby, a performer from England. Meat Loaf promoted the song with American vocalist Patti Russo, who performed lead female vocals on tour with him. In Germany, Meat Loaf was commercially successful following the release of Bat Out of Hell II. Also in 1994, he sang the U.S. national anthem "The Star-Spangled Banner" at the Major League Baseball All-Star Game. He released the single "Rock and Roll Dreams Come Through", which reached No. 13 in the United States.

This is a document about I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)
  "I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)" is a song written by Jim Steinman, and recorded by Meat Loaf with Lorraine Crosby. The song was released in August 1993 as the first single from the album Bat Out of Hell II: Back into Hell. The last six verses feature Crosby, who was credited only as "Mrs. Loud" in the album notes. She does not appear in the video, in which her vocals are lip-synched by Dana Patrick. Meat Loaf promoted the single with American singer Patti Russo. The power ballad was a commercial success, reaching number one in 28 countries. The single was certified platinum in the United States and became Meat Loaf's first and only number-one single on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and the UK Singles Chart, and was the best-selling single of 1993 in the United Kingdom. The song earned Meat Loaf a Grammy Award for Best Rock Vocal Performance, Solo.

This is a document about Lorraine Crosby
  Los Angeles. Steinman became their manager and secured them a contract with Meat Loaf's recording label MCA. While visiting the label's recording studios on Sunset Boulevard, Crosby was asked to provide guide vocals for Meat Loaf, who was recording the song "I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)". Cher, Melissa Etheridge and Bonnie Tyler were considered for the role. The song was a commercial success, becoming number one in 28 countries. However, as Crosby had recorded her part as guide vocals, she did not receive any payment for the recording but she receives royalties from PRS, and so the credit "Mrs. Loud" was used on the

This is a document about Meat Loaf
  of Bat Out of Hell and Bat Out of Hell II: Back Into Hell, and earning a Grammy Award for Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance for the song "I'd Do Anything for Love", Meat Loaf nevertheless experienced some difficulty establishing a steady career within the United States. This did not stop him from becoming one of the best-selling music artists of all time, with worldwide sales of more than 80 million records. The key to this success was his retention of iconic status and popularity in Europe, especially the United Kingdom, where he received the 1994 Brit Award for best-selling album and single, appeared in

This is a document about Lorraine Crosby
 "I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)" (with Meat Loaf) (1993) ; "Through Thick and Thin (I'll Stand by You)" (with Bonnie Tyler) (2020)

This is a document about Lorraine Crosby
  Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)" which featured at No. 76. In November 2008, Crosby appeared at Newcastle City Hall with special guest Bonnie Tyler to launch her self-produced album entitled Mrs Loud. The concert was later repeated in March 2011. In April 2009, she was also featured on The Justin Lee Collins Show and performed a duet with Justin, singing the Meat Loaf song "Dead Ringer for Love". She also performed "I'd Do Anything for Love" with Tim Healy for Sunday for Sammy in 2012. Crosby performs in cabaret shows with her band along with her partner Stuart Emerson. Crosby appeared in the first round of BBC's second series of The Voice on 6 April 2013. She failed to progress when she was rejected by all four coaches.

This is a document about Stuart Emerson
  some demos of songs she had written with Emerson. Steinman asked to meet them, and the couple decided that they would move to New York City to give their careers a boost. They then followed Steinman after he moved to Los Angeles, living in the Magic Hotel, where all of Meat Loaf's band were staying, until they could find somewhere permanent to live. Crosby performed on song "I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)", but as she recorded the track as guide vocals, she did not receive any royalties. The couple eventually returned to England with little money. He is currently performing in a soul/Motown covers band with his partner Lorraine Crosby, appearing regularly at social clubs and holiday camps in England. Notable appearances include:

This is a document about Bat Out of Hell II: Back into Hell
  runaway girl, played by Angelina Jolie. "Objects in the Rear View Mirror" illustrates the song's narrative. Featuring Robert Patrick, the video contained flying aircraft imagery that he would use in Armageddon and Pearl Harbor. In 1994, the three films were released as the VHS tape Meat Loaf – Bat Out of Hell 2 – Picture Show, which also included alternate versions of "Paradise by the Dashboard Light", "Life Is a Lemon and I Want My Money Back" and "I'd Do Anything for Love", all featuring lead vocalist Patti Russo. They were included on a DVD in 2006 with the 'Collectors Edition' release of the album.

This is a document about Dead Ringer for Love
  "Dead Ringer for Love" is a song performed by American rock singer Meat Loaf and American singer-actress Cher from Meat Loaf's second studio album, Dead Ringer. The song was written by Jim Steinman and one of only two tracks on the album produced by Steinman and Jimmy Iovine.

This is a document about I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)
  The song reached number one in the charts in 28 countries. In most countries, it was Meat Loaf's first and only number one solo single. It was number one in the US for five weeks and sold over 1.4 million copies there. In the UK, it topped the singles chart, and at seven minutes and 52 seconds, "I'd Do Anything for Love" becoming the longest song on top there since The Beatles' hit "Hey Jude". This was then broken when Oasis released their 1997 single "All Around the World", clocking in at 9 minutes and 20 seconds. In the United Kingdom, this was the biggest hit of 1993, selling 723,000 copies

This is a document about Jim Steinman
  James Richard Steinman (November 1, 1947 – April 19, 2021) was an American composer, lyricist, record producer, and playwright. He also worked as an arranger, pianist, and singer. His work included songs in the adult contemporary, rock, dance, pop, musical theater, and film score genres. His work included albums such as Meat Loaf's Bat Out of Hell (one of the best selling albums in history) and Bat Out of Hell II: Back into Hell, and producing albums for Bonnie Tyler. His most successful chart singles include Tyler's "Total Eclipse of the Heart", Air Supply's "Making Love Out of Nothing at All", Meat Loaf's "I'd Do Anything for Love (But

This is a document about The Very Best of Meat Loaf
  The Very Best of Meat Loaf is a 1998 album spanning the first 21 years of Meat Loaf's recording career. Although not reaching the top ten in the United Kingdom, it was certified double platinum there in 2013. The album features many of Meat Loaf's best-known songs as well as a few from his lesser known albums of the 1980s. Besides hits like "Paradise by the Dashboard Light" and "I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)", The Very Best of Meat Loaf contains three new tracks. Two of those are written by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Jim Steinman and are adapted from their musical Whistle Down the Wind; both of these tracks were produced by Steinman. The third new track, "Is Nothing Sacred" is written by Steinman and lyricist Don Black, and produced by Russ Titelman (the

This is a document about Bat Out of Hell II: Back into Hell
  The album was a commercial hit, and has sold more than 14 million copies around the world. It was number one for one week in the US on the Billboard 200, the UK Albums Chart for eleven non-consecutive weeks, and number one in Australia for four weeks. Meat Loaf won a Grammy Award for Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance for "I'd Do Anything for Love" and received two Brit Awards nominations (Best International Male and Best Selling Single). Despite its huge commercial success, critical reception was mixed. The specialist music press were generally positive. Q magazine proclaimed, "truly this... is the genuine

This is a document about European Hot 100 Singles
  and ...But Seriously (January 1990) ; 2 Unlimited ; "No Limit" and No Limits (May 1993) ; 4 Non Blondes ; "What's Up?" and Bigger, Better, Faster, More! (October 1993) ; Meat Loaf ; "I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)" and Bat Out of Hell II: Back into Hell (November 1993) Wet Wet Wet ; "Love is All Around" and End of Part One: Their Greatest Hits (September 1994) ; Take That ; "Back for Good" and Nobody Else (May 1995) ; The Fugees ; "Killing Me Softly" and The Score (July 1996) ; Elton John ; "Candle in the Wind 1997" and The Big Picture

This is a document about Dreamlover (song)
  "Dreamlover" was Carey's seventh number one single on the Billboard Hot 100, topping the chart in its sixth week and stayed there for eight consecutive weeks (September 5 to October 30, 1993)—her longest stay at the time. It replaced "Can't Help Falling in Love" by UB40, and was later replaced by Meat Loaf's "I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)." It spent 26 weeks in the top 40 and was ranked number eight on the Hot 100 1993 Year-End Charts and 20 on the Decade-End Charts. The song was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on September 22, 1993, denoting shipments of

This is a document about Pat Thrall
  first time since the last Cream concert at the Royal Albert Hall. He recorded and toured with Meat Loaf on his 1993 comeback record "Bat Out of Hell II" which was one of the biggest albums of the year with the hit "I Would Do Anything for Love". After recording two more albums and after several tours Thrall left Meat Loaf in 1996 and opened one of the first Pro Tools based production suites at Avatar studios in New York City. The technology was in its infancy but Thrall saw the incredible possibilities and put together a mobile system that could be taken to the other studios at Avatar. Thrall found his niche and

This is a document about Mark Alexander (keyboardist)
  Love, The E Street Band, and Meat Loaf. Alexander joined Meat Loaf and the Neverland Express in 1990 as pianist-vocalist, touring with him until 1993, when he joined Curtis Stigers' (Arista Records) band as pianist-synthesist. After a year and half of touring, Alexander played piano on Stigers’ follow-up record, Time Was and on his remake of the Nick Lowe-penned "What’s So Funny About Peace Love and Understanding?", which was featured on The Bodyguard soundtrack. In 1993, Alexander rejoined Meat Loaf for the Bat Out of Hell 2 tour with its hit single "I'd Do Anything For Love (But I Won’t Do

This is a document about I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)
  background vocals by Todd Rundgren, Rory Dodd and Kasim Sulton. The lead vocals recommence with another verse. The phrase "sex, drugs and rock 'n' roll" was changed to "Some days I just pray to the god of sex and drums and rock and roll" on the recording, although Meat Loaf occasionally sings the original phrase in concert. Earlier, the lyrics "I'd do anything for love, but I won't do that" had been used in the song "Getting So Excited" (written by Alan Gruner), recorded by Bonnie Tyler in the album Faster Than the Speed of Night, which was produced by Steinman.

Lorraine Crosby sings the female vocals on "I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)" by Meat Loaf. She provided guide vocals during the recording sessions but was not credited or paid royalties for her contribution.


Question: where does the movie jeepers creepers take place

Answer: Florida

This is a document about Jeepers Creepers (2001 film)
  Principal photography for Jeepers Creepers began around Central Florida in August 2000, concluding after a period of two months. Opening scenes of the film were shot on the SW 180th Avenue Road in the city of Dunnellon, with the church used in the film, the now-former St. James Church, being located miles away in Ocala. The diner which the film's characters enter to call the police, "Opper's Diner", was a set built in Lake Panasoffkee, and a reference to producer Barry Opper. An abandoned high school in Reddick was also used to film scenes taking place at a police station, while a meatpacking factory in Ocala was used for the film's finale,

This is a document about Jeepers Creepers (2001 film)
  cast Philips and Long with the help of executive producer Francis Ford Coppola. Due to severe budget cuts, the third act of the project was rewritten during production. Filming took place in the state of Florida in Ocala, Dunnellon, Reddick, and Lake Panasoffkee, concluding after a two-month shoot. The film was theatrically released by United Artists and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer on August 31, 2001. It was met with mixed reviews from critics, but was a commercial success, grossing $59.37 million against a $10 million budget. Two sequels have been released: Jeepers Creepers 2 (2003) and Jeepers Creepers 3 (2017). A reboot, Jeepers Creepers: Reborn, is scheduled to be released in 2022.

This is a document about Jeepers Creepers (2001 film)
  Jeepers Creepers premiered at the München Fantasy Filmfest in Germany, and at the Fantasia International Film Festival in Canada in July 2001. The film was theatrically released in the United States by United Artists and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, who acquired the rights to the film for a mere $2.5 million, on August 31, 2001, where it opened in 2,944 theaters and stayed in release for 126 days. In October, Jeepers Creepers was shown at the Sitges Film Festival, and the Bergen International Film Festival. The film had its German release the following year on January 3, where it opened to a small quantity of 298 theaters. On May 24, 2018, the film was theatrically re-released in Colombia.

This is a document about Jeepers Creepers (2001 film)
  Following its release, various critics and moviegoers concluded that the film Jeepers Creepers was loosely inspired by the 1990 police manhunt of Dennis DePue. That year, DePue had been caught dumping his dead wife's body behind an abandoned schoolhouse in the state of Michigan by brother-and-sister Ray and Marie Thornton. The case was later publicized, appearing on an episode of Unsolved Mysteries on March 20, 1991. The following day, DePue committed suicide after being involved in a shootout with police in Vicksburg, Mississippi. The episode's depiction of the event, along with other small details, was found to be similar to the opening scene of the film. However, the film's writer and director, Victor Salva, has not

This is a document about Jeepers Creepers 2
  Jeepers Creepers 2 is a 2003 American horror film written and directed by Victor Salva. A sequel to the 2001 film Jeepers Creepers, and the second installment in the Jeepers Creepers film series, it stars Jonathan Breck as the Creeper, a demonic creature and mysterious serial killer who pursues a school bus filled with highschool students. Ray Wise also stars as Jack Taggart, a man who seeks to avenge the death of his younger son, who had been taken by the Creeper that same week. Additionally, Francis Ford Coppola returned to the franchise as an executive producer. Produced by Myriad Pictures and American Zoetrope, filming for Jeepers Creepers 2 took place in Tejon Ranch, and Long Beach, California. The film was theatrically released by United Artists in the United States on August 29, 2003, where it was met with mostly negative reviews from critics. With a $17 million budget, the film grossed $119.9 million worldwide and spawned a prequel, released as Jeepers Creepers 3 in 2017.

This is a document about Jeepers Creepers 3
  Vancouver, British Columbia, Canadian talent agencies sent out an alert to warn others about Salva's criminal past. The casting calls were subsequently removed, which halted the production, though producer Stan Spry assured a fan on Twitter that the movie was not cancelled. The original Cathedral storyline had the film take place 23 years after the first two films. However, on the special edition Blu-ray release of Jeepers Creepers 2, Salva stated that his new script for Jeepers Creepers 3 is set between the days of Jeepers Creepers and Jeepers Creepers 2 in 2001, where the Creeper terrorizes a farming community. Philips was brought in to reprise her role as Trish in a cameo. Stan Shaw, who plays a sheriff in this film, confirmed to a fan on Twitter that the Cathedral storyline was scrapped as that material was more than 12 years old.

This is a document about Jeepers Creepers (2001 film)
  Jeepers Creepers is a 2001 American horror film written and directed by Victor Salva. It stars Gina Philips and Justin Long as Trish and Darry Jenner, siblings who are pursued by the Creeper, a demonic creature and mysterious serial killer portrayed by Jonathan Breck. The film takes its name from the 1938 song of the same name, which is featured in the film under a version by Paul Whiteman. Patricia Belcher and Eileen Brennan also appear in supporting roles, with Salva making a cameo appearance. Produced by American Zoetrope and the German companies Cinerenta-Cinebeta and Cinerenta Medienbeteiligungs KG, Jeepers Creepers began production in August 2000 after Salva convinced the studios

This is a document about Jeepers Creepers (2001 film)
  In its original release, Jeepers Creepers grossed $37.9 million in the United States and Canada and $21.3 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $59.2 million. Its 2018 re-release managed to earn the film $153 thousand in Columbia, bringing the film's worldwide total to $59.37 million. The film premiered in the United States and Canada on August 31, 2001, in 2,944 theaters on Labor Day weekend. It made $15.8 million in its first four days, ranking 1st in front of Rush Hour 2 ($11.2 million), and broke the record for the highest Labor Day opening weekend previously held by the 1996 film The Crow: City of Angels ($9.8 million). The film was able to hold the record until the release of its sequel, Jeepers Creepers 2 (2003), which made $18.3 million on its own Labor Day weekend. In its first

This is a document about Jeepers Creepers (film series)
  Jeepers Creepers is an American horror film series originally created by Victor Salva. It consists of Jeepers Creepers (2001), Jeepers Creepers 2 (2003), Jeepers Creepers 3 (2017), and Jeepers Creepers: Reborn (2022). The first three films feature the appearance of the Creeper, a demonic creature and mysterious serial killer portrayed by Jonathan Breck. The first film, released on August 31, 2001, stars Gina Philips and Justin Long as brother-and-sister Trish and Darry Jenner, with Eileen Brennan and Patricia Belcher in supporting roles. Produced on a low budget of $10 million, the film received mostly positive reviews, was seen as a

This is a document about Jeepers Creepers (song)
  "Jeepers Creepers" is a popular song and jazz standard. The music was written by Harry Warren and the lyrics by Johnny Mercer for the 1938 movie Going Places. It was premiered by Louis Armstrong and has been covered by many other musicians. The song was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1938 but lost to "Thanks for the Memory". The song was included in the 1984 Smithsonian collection American Popular Song: Six Decades of Songwriters and Singers and in the 1998 Warren's CD collection The Songs Of Harry Warren.

This is a document about Jeepers Creepers 3
  Jeepers Creepers 3 is a 2017 American horror film written and directed by Victor Salva and the third film in the Jeepers Creepers film series, taking place in between Jeepers Creepers and Jeepers Creepers 2. Jonathan Breck reprises his role as The Creeper. Gina Philips returns in a cameo as Trish Jenner, her first return to the series since the original film. The film was shown in theaters on September 26, 2017 in what was originally announced as a one-night-only showing and was then shown again on October 4, 2017.

This is a document about Jeepers Creepers (2001 film)
  Jeepers Creepers made $18.1 million, and grossed $6.2 million in its second behind the releases of The Musketeer ($10.3 million) and Two Can Play That Game ($7.7 million). In the United Kingdom, Jeepers Creepers opened on October 19, 2001, making $2.2 million in its first weekend, and a total of $8.8 million nationwide. Furthermore, the film's most profitable countries after the United Kingdom were Mexico ($2.5 million), Spain ($2.1 million), and Italy ($2.1 million). In Germany, the film began its theatrical release on January 3, 2002, and grossed $1.3 million. In other countries apart from the United States and Canada, Jeepers Creepers made $21.3 million, bringing its total box office gross to $59.2 million. On May 24, 2018, the film was re-released in Columbia in 83 theaters, earning $153 thousand. Against its $10 million budget, the film was a commercial success.

This is a document about Jeepers Creepers 2
  In September 2015, Jeepers Creepers 3 was officially greenlit. The film was slated to begin filming in April 2016 until production was halted when Victor Salva was boycotted from filming in Canada for his criminal past. The film was eventually released in a one-night-only showing on September 26, 2017, 14 years after the release of Jeepers Creepers 2. It grossed $2.3 million in theaters.

This is a document about Voices (Disturbed song)
  The song was featured in one of the trailers for the horror film Jeepers Creepers.

This is a document about Reddick, Florida
  A post office has been in operation at Reddick since 1882. John Reddick, the first postmaster, gave the community his last name. The film Jeepers Creepers was shot in Reddick during summer 2000. The old Reddick High School was used as the police station in the film.

This is a document about Jeepers Creepers (2001 film)
  As of 2021, three sequels to Jeepers Creepers have been created, of which two were also written and directed by Victor Salva. The first sequel, Jeepers Creepers 2, premiered on August 29, 2003, and takes place a few days after the original. In it, the Creeper pursues a bus filled with teenage students, who try to defeat the creature with the help of Jack Taggart, a man who seeks to avenge the death of his younger son Billy, who had been taken by the Creeper one day prior. The film features a cameo appearance from Justin Long, who reprises his role as Darry, and

This is a document about Jeepers Creepers (film series)
  The Jeepers Creepers film series originated from Victor Salva, who wrote and directed the original film of the same name. Financed by the German companies Cinerenta-Cinebeta and Cinerenta Medienbeteiligungs KG, American Zoetrope was originally going to cast "big-name actors" for the lead roles but was convinced by executive producer Francis Ford Coppola to hire Gina Philips and Justin Long instead, actors who Salva believed were best for the roles as Trish and Darry Jenner. The role of the Creeper was written specifically for Lance Henriksen. After Henriksen dropped out of the project, Jonathan Breck was cast mainly for his audition, which stood out to Salva because Breck unexpectedly attended it with

This is a document about Jeepers Creepers 3
  During its limited two-day run, Jeepers Creepers 3 grossed $2.2 million in the United States and $1.3 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $3.6 million. The film played in 635 theaters on Tuesday, September 26 and was listed at #3 on the day's box office rankings behind Kingsman: The Golden Circle and It.

This is a document about Jeepers Creepers (1939 animated film)
  Jeepers Creepers is a 1939 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes animated short directed by Robert Clampett. The short was released on September 23, 1939, and stars Porky Pig. It was released on DVD on September 19, 2017, in the Porky Pig 101.

This is a document about Willow Creek (film)
  Set in Humboldt County, California, Jim (Bryce Johnson), a stout believer in Bigfoot, and his girlfriend Kelly (Alexie Gilmore) are traveling to Six Rivers National Forest in Northern California, where Jim plans to shoot his own Bigfoot footage at the site of the Patterson–Gimlin film. The two stop off first in Willow Creek, the Bigfoot capital of the world, where Jim interviews various locals about Bigfoot. At a restaurant, they notice a missing woman on a poster on the wall. While heading into the forest in search of the Patterson–Gimlin filming location, they encounter a man who angrily tells them to leave, but Jim and Kelly ignore him. They set a camp in the middle

The movie "Jeepers Creepers" takes place in Florida, specifically in the cities of Ocala, Dunnellon, Reddick, and Lake Panasoffkee. Some scenes were also filmed in other locations such as a meatpacking plant in Opperman, a diner in Lake Panasoffkee, and a high school in Reddick.


Question: what is the maximum number of electrons in the first energy shell of an atom

Answer: two electrons

This is a document about Aufbau principle
  number. The maximum number of electrons in a subshell (s, p, d, or f) is equal to 2(2l + 1) where l = 0, 1, 2, 3... Thus these subshells can have a maximum of 2, 6, 10, and 14 electrons respectively. In the ground state, the electronic configuration can be built up by placing electrons in the lowest available subshell until the total number of electrons added is equal to the atomic number. Thus subshells are filled in the order of increasing energy, using two general rules to help predict electronic configurations: A version of the aufbau principle known as the nuclear shell model is used to predict the configuration of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus.

This is a document about Electron shell
 Each subshell holds at most 2 electrons ; Each subshell holds at most 6 electrons ; Each subshell holds at most 10 electrons ; Each subshell holds at most 14 electrons ; Each subshell holds at most 18 electrons Each subshell is constrained to hold 4' +''' 2 electrons at most, namely: Therefore, the K shell, which contains only an subshell, can hold up to 2 electrons; the L shell, which contains an  and a, can hold up to 2 + 6 = 8 electrons, and so forth; in general, the nth shell can hold up to 2n2 electrons. Although that formula gives the maximum in principle, in fact that maximum is only achieved (in known elements) for the first four shells (K, L, M, N). No known element has more than 32 electrons in any one shell. This is because the subshells are filled according to the Aufbau principle. The first elements to have more than 32 electrons in one shell would belong to the g-block of period 8 of the periodic table. These elements would have some electrons in their subshell and thus have more than 32 electrons in the O shell (fifth principal shell).

This is a document about Period 1 element
  The first electron shell, n = 1 , consists of only one orbital, and the maximum number of valence electrons that a period 1 element can accommodate is two, both in the 1s orbital. The valence shell lacks "p" or any other kind of orbitals due to the [[Hydrogen-like_atom#Quantum_numbers|general l < n constraint]] on the quantum numbers. Therefore, period 1 has exactly two elements. Although both hydrogen and helium are in the s-block, neither of them behaves similarly to other s-block elements. Their behaviour is so different from the other s-block elements that there is considerable disagreement over where these two elements should be placed in the periodic

This is a document about Bohr model
  Bohr’s original three papers in 1913 described mainly the electron configuration in lighter elements. Bohr called his electron shells, “rings” in 1913. Atomic orbitals within shells did not exist at the time of his planetary model. Bohr explains in Part 3 of his famous 1913 paper that the maximum electrons in a shell is eight, writing: “We see, further, that a ring of n electrons cannot rotate in a single ring round a nucleus of charge ne unless n < 8.” For smaller atoms, the electron shells would be filled as follows: “rings of electrons will only join together if they contain equal

This is a document about Electron configuration
  Electron configuration was first conceived under the Bohr model of the atom, and it is still common to speak of shells and subshells despite the advances in understanding of the quantum-mechanical nature of electrons. An electron shell is the set of allowed states that share the same principal quantum number, n (the number before the letter in the orbital label), that electrons may occupy. An atom's nth electron shell can accommodate 2n2 electrons, for example, the first shell can accommodate 2 electrons, the second shell 8 electrons, the third shell 18 electrons and so on. The factor of two arises because the allowed states are doubled due to electron spin—each atomic orbital admits up to two otherwise identical electrons with opposite spin, one with a spin +1⁄2 (usually denoted by an up-arrow) and one with a spin of −1⁄2 (with a down-arrow). A subshell is the set

This is a document about Valence electron
  The electrons that determine valence – how an atom reacts chemically – are those with the highest energy. For a main-group element, the valence electrons are defined as those electrons residing in the electronic shell of highest principal quantum number n. Thus, the number of valence electrons that it may have depends on the electron configuration in a simple way. For example, the electronic configuration of phosphorus (P) is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3 so that there are 5 valence electrons (3s2 3p3), corresponding to a maximum valence for P of 5 as in the molecule PF5; this configuration is normally abbreviated to [Ne] 3s2 3p3, where [Ne] signifies the core electrons whose configuration is identical to that of the noble gas

This is a document about Aufbau principle
  atom, meaning that the 1s subshell has 2 electrons, and so on. Electron behavior is elaborated by other principles of atomic physics, such as Hund's rule and the Pauli exclusion principle. Hund's rule asserts that if multiple orbitals of the same energy are available, electrons will occupy different orbitals singly before any are occupied doubly. If double occupation does occur, the Pauli exclusion principle requires that electrons that occupy the same orbital must have different spins (+1⁄2 and −1⁄2). Passing from one element to another of the next higher atomic number, one proton and one electron are added each time to the neutral atom. The maximum number of electrons in any shell is 2n2, where n is the principal

This is a document about Atomic orbital
  a number of electrons determined by the Pauli exclusion principle. Thus the n = 1 state can hold one or two electrons, while the n = 2 state can hold up to eight electrons in 2s and 2p subshells. In helium, all n = 1 states are fully occupied; the same is true for n = 1 and n = 2 in neon. In argon, the 3s and 3p subshells are similarly fully occupied by eight electrons; quantum mechanics also allows a 3d subshell but this is at higher energy than the 3s and 3p in argon (contrary to the situation in the hydrogen atom) and remains empty.

This is a document about Electron shell
  In chemistry and atomic physics, an electron shell may be thought of as an orbit followed by electrons around an atom's nucleus. The closest shell to the nucleus is called the " shell" (also called the "K shell"), followed by the " shell" (or "L shell"), then the " shell" (or "M shell"), and so on farther and farther from the nucleus. The shells correspond to the principal quantum numbers (n = 1, 2, 3, 4 ...) or are labeled alphabetically with the letters used in X-ray notation (K, L, M, …). Each shell can contain only a fixed number of electrons: The first shell can hold up to two electrons, the second shell can hold up to eight (2 + 6) electrons, the third shell can hold up to 18 (2 + 6 + 10) and so on. The general formula is that the nth shell can in principle hold up to 2(n2) electrons. For an explanation of why electrons exist in these shells see electron configuration. Each shell consists of one or more subshells, and each subshell consists of one or more atomic orbitals.

This is a document about Electron configuration
  states defined by a common azimuthal quantum number, l, within a shell. The value of l is in the range from 0 to n − 1. The values l = 0, 1, 2, 3 correspond to the s, p, d, and f labels, respectively. For example, the 3d subshell has n = 3 and l = 2. The maximum number of electrons that can be placed in a subshell is given by 2(2l + 1). This gives two electrons in an s subshell, six electrons in a p subshell, ten electrons in a d subshell and fourteen electrons in an f subshell. The numbers of electrons that can occupy each shell and each subshell arise from the equations of quantum mechanics, in particular the Pauli exclusion principle, which states that no two electrons in the same atom can have the same values of the four quantum numbers.

This is a document about Periodic table
  energy levels of electrons were quantised: only a discrete set of stable energy states were allowed. Bohr then attempted to understand periodicity through electron configurations, surmising in 1913 that the inner electrons should be responsible for the chemical properties of the element. In 1913, he produced the first electronic periodic table based on a quantum atom. Bohr called his electron shells, “rings” in 1913. Atomic orbitals within shells did not exist at the time of his planetary model. Bohr explains in Part 3 of his famous 1913 paper that the maximum electrons in a shell is eight, writing, “We see, further, that a ring

This is a document about Fluorine
  Fluorine atoms have nine electrons, one fewer than neon, and electron configuration 1s22s22p5: two electrons in a filled inner shell and seven in an outer shell requiring one more to be filled. The outer electrons are ineffective at nuclear shielding, and experience a high effective nuclear charge of 9 − 2 = 7; this affects the atom's physical properties. Fluorine's first ionization energy is third-highest among all elements, behind helium and neon, which complicates the removal of electrons from neutral fluorine atoms. It also has a high electron affinity, second only to chlorine, and tends to capture an electron to become isoelectronic with the noble gas neon; it has the highest electronegativity of any element. Fluorine atoms have a small covalent radius of around 60 picometers, similar to those of its period neighbors oxygen and neon.

This is a document about Periodic table
  Elements are known with up to the first seven shells occupied. The first shell contains only one orbital, a spherical s orbital. As it is in the first shell, this is called the 1s orbital. This can hold up to two electrons. The second shell similarly contains a 2s orbital, but it also contains three dumbbell-shaped p orbitals, and can thus fill up to eight electrons (2×1 + 2×3 = 8). The third shell contains one 3s orbital, three 3p orbitals, and five 3d orbitals, and thus has a capacity of 2×1 + 2×3 + 2×5 = 18. The fourth shell contains

This is a document about Spin quantum number
  Early attempts to explain the behavior of electrons in atoms focused on solving the Schrödinger wave equation for the hydrogen atom, the simplest possible case, with a single electron bound to the atomic nucleus. This was successful in explaining many features of atomic spectra. The solutions required each possible state of the electron to be described by three "quantum numbers". These were identified as, respectively, the electron "shell" number n, the "orbital" number l, and the "orbital angular momentum" number m. Angular momentum is a so-called "classical" concept measuring the momentum of a mass in circular motion about a point. The shell numbers start at 1 and increase indefinitely. Each shell of number n contains n2 orbitals. Each

This is a document about Helium compounds
  Helium is the smallest and the lightest noble gas and one of the most unreactive elements, so it was commonly considered that helium compounds cannot exist at all, or at least under normal conditions. Helium's first ionization energy of 24.57 eV is the highest of any element. Helium has a complete shell of electrons, and in this form the atom does not readily accept any extra electrons nor join with anything to make covalent compounds. The electron affinity is 0.080 eV, which is very close to zero. The helium atom is small with the radius of the outer electron shell at 0.29 Å. Helium is a very hard atom with a Pearson hardness hard and soft (Lewis) acids and bases of 12.3 eV. It has the lowest polarizability of any kind

This is a document about Periodic table
  n electrons cannot rotate in a single ring round a nucleus of charge ne unless n < 8.” For smaller atoms, the electron shells would be filled as follows: “rings of electrons will only join together if they contain equal numbers of electrons; and that accordingly the numbers of electrons on inner rings will only be 2, 4, 8.” However, in larger atoms the innermost shell would contain eight electrons, “on the other hand, the periodic system of the elements strongly suggests that already in neon N = 10 an inner ring of eight electrons will occur.” Bohr built his 1913 model of electrons

This is a document about Rare-earth magnet
  electron structures contain many unpaired electrons; in other elements, almost all of the electrons exist in pairs with opposite spins, so their magnetic fields cancel out, but in rare-earths there is much less magnetic cancellation. This is a consequence of incomplete filling of the f-shell, which can contain up to 7 unpaired electrons.  In a magnet it is the unpaired electrons, aligned so they spin in the same direction, which generate the magnetic field. This gives the materials high remanence (saturation magnetization Js). The maximal energy density B·Hmax is proportional to Js2, so these materials have the potential for storing large amounts of magnetic energy. The magnetic energy product B·Hmax of neodymium magnets is about

This is a document about Octet rule
  formation of a chemical bond. The result is that chlorine will very often form a compound in which it has eight electrons in its outer shell (a complete octet), as in Cl−. A sodium atom has a single electron in its outermost electron shell, the first and second shells again being full with two and eight electrons respectively. To remove this outer electron requires only the first ionization energy, which is +495.8 kJ per mole of sodium atoms, a small amount of energy. By contrast, the second electron resides in the deeper second electron shell, and the second ionization energy required for

This is a document about Hund's rules
  Due to the Pauli exclusion principle, two electrons cannot share the same set of quantum numbers within the same system; therefore, there is room for only two electrons in each spatial orbital. One of these electrons must have, (for some chosen direction z) ms = 1⁄2, and the other must have ms = −1⁄2. Hund's first rule states that the lowest energy atomic state is the one that maximizes the total spin quantum number for the electrons in the open subshell. The orbitals of the subshell are each occupied singly with electrons of parallel spin before double occupation occurs. (This is occasionally called the "bus seat rule"

This is a document about Extended periodic table
  Element 172, the last period 8 element, is expected to be the first noble gas after oganesson (the last period 7 element). Beyond it another long transition series like the superactinides should begin, filling at least the 6g, 7f, and 8d shells (with 10s, 10p1/2, and 6h11/2 too high in energy to contribute early in the series). These electrons would be very loosely bound, potentially rendering extremely high oxidation states reachable, though the electrons would become more tightly bound as the ionic charge rises. In element 173 (unsepttrium), the outermost electron would enter the 6g7/2 subshell. Because spin-orbit interactions would create a very large energy gap between the 8p3/2 and 6g7/2 subshells, this outermost electron is expected to be very loosely bound and very easily lost to form a Ust+

The maximum number of electrons in the first energy shell (K shell) of an atom is 2.