Question: who wrote the music for fiddler on the roof

Answer: Jerry Bock

This is a document about Fiddler on the Roof
  Fiddler on the Roof is a musical with music by Jerry Bock, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick, and book by Joseph Stein, set in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia in or around 1905. It is based on Tevye and his Daughters (or Tevye the Dairyman) and other tales by Sholem Aleichem. The story centers on Tevye, a milkman in the village of Anatevka, who attempts to maintain his Jewish religious and cultural traditions as outside influences encroach upon his family's lives. He must cope with the strong-willed actions of his three older daughters who wish to marry for love; their choices of husbands are successively less

This is a document about Fiddler on the Roof
  Fiddler on the Roof is based on Tevye (or Tevye the Dairyman) and his Daughters, a series of stories by Sholem Aleichem that he wrote in Yiddish between 1894 and 1914 about Jewish life in a village in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia at the turn of the 20th century. It is also influenced by Life Is with People, by Mark Zborowski and Elizabeth Herzog. Aleichem wrote a dramatic adaptation of the stories that he left unfinished at his death, but which was produced in Yiddish in 1919 by the Yiddish Art Theater and made into a film in the 1930s. In the late 1950s, a musical based on the stories, called Tevye and his Daughters, was produced Off-Broadway by Arnold Perl. Rodgers and Hammerstein and then Mike Todd briefly

This is a document about Royal Manitoba Theatre Centre production history
 Fiddler on the Roof book by Joseph Stein, music by Jerry Bock, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick, ; A Man for All Seasons by Robert Bolt ; Hotel Paradiso by Georges Feydeau and Maurice Desvallieres, translation by Peter Glenville ; Cactus Flower by Abe Burrows, based on the play Fleur de cactus by Pierre Barillet and Jean-Pierre Gredy ; Happy Days by Samuel Beckett ; Exit the King by Eugene Ionesco ; The School for Wives by Molière ; Red Magic by Michel de Ghelderode, translation by George Hauger ; Fortune and Men's Eyes by John Herbert ; Home Free by Lanford Wilson ; The Zoo Story by Edward Albee ; How the Puppets Formed a Government by Theatre Across the Street

This is a document about Dimitri Tiomkin
  that suits the anti-heroic sentiments" expressed by the story. According to Russian film historian Harlow Robinson, building the score around a single folk tune was typical of many Russian classical composers. Robinson adds that the source of Tiomkin's score, if indeed folk, has not been proven. The Encyclopedia of Modern Jewish Culture, on page 124, states: "The fifty-year period in the USA between 1914, the start of the First World War and the year of Irving Berlin's first full score, Watch Your Step, and 1964, the premiere of Bock and Harnick's Fiddler on the Roof, is informed by a rich musical

This is a document about Libretto
  Sometimes the libretto is written in close collaboration with the composer; this can involve adaptation, as was the case with Rimsky-Korsakov and his librettist Vladimir Ivanovich Belsky, or an entirely original work. In the case of musicals, the music, the lyrics and the "book" (i.e., the spoken dialogue and the stage directions) may each have its own author. Thus, a musical such as Fiddler on the Roof has a composer (Jerry Bock), a lyricist (Sheldon Harnick) and the writer of the "book" (Joseph Stein). In rare cases, the composer writes everything except the dance arrangements – music, lyrics and

This is a document about Fiddler on the Roof (film)
  Fiddler on the Roof is a 1971 American epic musical comedy film produced and directed by Norman Jewison, and written by Joseph Stein and Sholem Aleichem. An adaptation of the 1964 Broadway musical of the same name, it stars Topol, Norma Crane, Leonard Frey, Molly Picon, and Paul Mann. The film centers on Tevye, a poor Jewish milkman living in Anatevka, who is faced with the challenge of marrying off his five daughters amidst the growing tension in his village. Fiddler on the Roof was theatrically released on November 3, 1971, by United Artists to critical and commercial success. Reviewers praised Jewison's direction, the screenplay, and the performances of the cast (particularly of Topol); the film grossed $83.3 million worldwide on a $9 million budget, becoming the highest-grossing film of 1971. The film received a leading eight nominations at the 44th Academy Awards, including for the Best Picture, and won three; Best Original Score, Best Cinematography, Best Sound.

This is a document about Stratford Shakespeare Festival production history
 Romeo and Juliet – by William Shakespeare ; Fiddler on the Roof – music by Jerry Bock, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick, book by Joseph Stein ; The Three Musketeers – by Peter Raby, adapted from the novel by Alexandre Dumas ; The Merchant of Venice – by William Shakespeare ; Blithe Spirit – by Noël Coward ; The Who's Tommy - by Pete Townshend and Des McAnuff ; Othello – by William Shakespeare ; Measure for Measure – by William Shakespeare ; Mary Stuart – by Friedrich Schiller ; Waiting for Godot – by Samuel Beckett ; Taking Shakespeare – by John Murrell ; The Thrill – by Judith Thompson The 2013 season was staged by Artistic Director Antoni Cimolino around the themes of Societies Divided and The Outsider

This is a document about Sunrise, Sunset
  "Sunrise, Sunset" is a song from the musical Fiddler on the Roof written in 1964 by composer Jerry Bock and lyricist Sheldon Harnick.

This is a document about Fiddler on the Roof
  Songs from the musical have been covered by notable artists. For example, in 1964, jazz saxophonist Cannonball Adderley recorded the album Fiddler on the Roof, which featured jazz arrangements of eight songs from the musical. AllMusic awarded the album 4 stars and states "Cannonball plays near his peak; this is certainly the finest album by this particular sextet". That same year, Eydie Gormé released a single of "Matchmaker", and jazz guitarist Wes Montgomery recorded the same tune for his album Movin' Wes. In 1999, Knitting Factory Records released Knitting on the Roof, a compilation CD featuring covers of Fiddler songs by

This is a document about 1967 in music
 The Boy Friend (Sandy Wilson) – London revival opened at the Comedy Theatre on November 29 and ran for 365 performances ; By Jupiter (Music: Richard Rodgers Lyrics: Lorenz Hart Book: Rodgers and Hart). Off-Broadway revival opened at Theatre Four on January 19 and ran for 118 performances. ; Curley McDimple (Music & Lyrics: Robert Dahdah Book: Mary Boylan and Robert Dahdah). Off-Broadway production opened at the Bert Wheeler Theatre on November 22 and ran for 931 performances ; Fiddler on the Roof (Music: Jerry Bock Lyrics: Sheldon Harnick Book: Joseph Stein). London production opened at Her Majesty's Theatre on February 16 and ran for

This is a document about List of novelists by nationality
 Sholom Asch (1880–1957) ; David Bergelson (1884–1952) ; Der Nister (1884–1950) ; Shira Gorshman (1906–2001) ; Chaim Grade (1910–1982) ; Esther Kreitman (1891–1954) ; Mendele Moykher Sforim (1836–1917), pseudonym for Sholem Yankev Abramovitch ; Joseph Opatoshu (1886–1954) ; Yitzok Lebesh Peretz (1852–1915) ; Sholem Aleichem (1859–1916) (real name: Solomon Rabinovitz), Fiddler on the Roof was based on his stories ; Isaac Bashevis Singer (1904–1991) ; Israel Joshua Singer (1893–1944) ; Anzia Yezierska (c. 1880–1970)

This is a document about Stan Harper
  Want to Walk Without You" 8. Medley from Fiddler on the Roof 1. "Fiddler on the Roof" 2. "If I Were a Rich Man" 3. "Sunrise, Sunset" 4. "L'Chaim" Side B:1. Duke Ellington Medley 1. "Sophisticated Lady" 2. "Caravan" 3. "Mood Indigo" 4. "Satin Doll" 2. "Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring" 3. "Brahm's Lullaby" 4. "Tiger Rag" 5. "Tosselli's Serenade" 6. "Peg O' My Heart" 7. "Poet and Peasant Overture," Von Suppé 2. Stan Harper Plays Bach and Vivaldi 1. "Suite no. 2 in B minor for flute, strings, and basso continuo" 2. "Violin concerto in A minor" 3. "Flute concerto in D major, op. 10, No. 3: Il cardellino" 3. Stan Harper Plays Mozart and Farnon 1. Clarinet Concerto in A 2. "Prelude and Dance for Harmonica" 4. Stan Harper Plays Fritz Kreisler 5. Stan Harper Plays the Great Novelettes

This is a document about Matchmaker, Matchmaker
  "Matchmaker, Matchmaker" is a song from the 1964 musical Fiddler on the Roof, with music by Jerry Bock and lyrics by Sheldon Harnick. It was later made into a film in 1971. The story revolves around a poor Jewish milkman, Tevye, and his five daughters, as he attempts to maintain his Jewish traditions. His three eldest daughters marry, but each daughter’s choice of husband moves further and further away from their traditions.

This is a document about Timpani
  small pieces of felt or leather—should be placed on the head. Composers will sometimes specify that the timpani should be struck with implements other than timpani sticks. It is common in timpani etudes and solos for timpanists to play with their hands or fingers. Philip Glass's "Concerto Fantasy" utilizes this technique during a timpani cadenza. Also, Michael Daugherty's "Raise The Roof" calls for this technique to be used for a certain passage. Leonard Bernstein calls for maracas on timpani in the "Jeremiah" Symphony and Symphonic Dances from West Side Story. Edward Elgar attempts to use the timpani to imitate the engine of an ocean liner in his "Enigma" Variations by requesting the timpanist play

This is a document about Curly Top (film)
  Ray Henderson composed the five songs for Curly Top. Johnny Mercer wanted to write the lyrics but the job went to Ted Koehler, a former partner of Harold Arlen. Edward Heyman and Irving Caesar also wrote lyrics for the film. With the exception of "When I Grow Up", the film's songs are introduced in the film through the device of having characters Mary Blair and Edward Morgan sideline as composers. In an early scene in the orphanage dining room, for example, Mary tells Morgan she composed "Animal Crackers in My Soup", and in another scene, Morgan composes and sings "It's All So New to Me" at his piano. At the Gala, Mary sings "The Simple Things in Life", a tune presumably composed by Morgan as he mentioned at one early point in the film that he would likely do so. At the end of the film, he sings his newly composed "Curly Top" to Elizabeth as she sits, then tap dances, atop his grand piano.

This is a document about Cadenza
  and was recorded playing the piece with this cadenza in 1919. ; Alfred Schnittke wrote two cadenzas for Beethoven's Violin Concerto, of which the first includes musical quotations from violin concertos of Berg, Brahms, Bartók (Concertos No. 1 and No. 2), Shostakovich (Concerto No. 1), as well as from Beethoven's 7th Symphony. ; Fritz Kreisler composed a half polyphonic cadenza for Beethoven's Violin Concerto. ; John Williams composed a 6-minute segment consisting of a cadenza, a series of variations, and a few more elaborations to go over the opening credits of the 1971 film Fiddler on the Roof, performed by violinist

This is a document about Baker Street (musical)
  town tryouts, Sheldon Harnick and Jerry Bock, the successful composing team of Fiddler on the Roof were brought in to contribute additional songs including "Cold Clear World" and "I Shall Miss You." They also wrote "I'm In London Again" which was the first number for Irene Adler, but after opening night, this number (which can be heard on the cast album) was dropped and replaced by another Bock-Harnick composition, "Buffalo Belle" which had Irene Adler performing an elaborate Wild West number. Stereo Review Magazine's review described the score as being "Warmed-over Gilbert & Sullivan with a gelid sauce of Lerner & Loewe."

This is a document about If I Were a Rich Man (song)
  "If I Were a Rich Man" is a show tune from the 1964 musical Fiddler on the Roof. It was written by Sheldon Harnick and Jerry Bock. The song is performed by Tevye, the main character in the musical, and reflects his dreams of glory. The title is inspired by a 1902 monologue by Sholem Aleichem in Yiddish, Ven ikh bin Rothschild (If I were a Rothschild), a reference to the wealth of the Rothschild family, although the content is quite different. The lyric is based in part on passages from Sholem Aleichem’s 1899 short story "The Bubble Bursts." Both stories appeared in English in the 1949 collection of stories Tevye's Daughters.

This is a document about Sheldon Harnick
  with a large number of composers. He also counseled him to write character and comic songs, not ballads, for Broadway. Harnick followed both tips even though Harburg's advice contradicted that of Jay Gorney, who had told Harnick that ballads were the key to success on Broadway. Around 1956, Harnick met Jerry Bock, forming "what is arguably the most important musical partnership of the '60s." Their first musical was The Body Beautiful, running for only 60 performances in 1958, but Fiorello! (1959) ran for 795 performances and won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. Fiddler on the Roof (1964) "became one of the most cherished of all Broadway musicals." Harnick wrote the libretto for the opera Coyote Tales, with music

This is a document about Zero Mostel
  a great commercial success, running 964 performances and conferring star status on Mostel (he also won a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical for this role). A film version was produced in 1966, also starring Mostel – and Silvers. On September 22, 1964, Mostel opened as Tevye in the original Broadway production of Fiddler on the Roof. Because of Mostel's respect for the works of Sholem Aleichem he insisted that more of the author's mood and style be incorporated into the musical, and he made major contributions to its shape. He also created the cantorial sounds made famous in the song "If I Were a Rich Man". The New York Times

Jerry Bock wrote the music for "Fiddler on the Roof."


Question: where did techno music originated in the 1980s

Answer: Detroit , Michigan

This is a document about German electronic music
  Throughout the 1980s, German electronic music evolved into techno, drawing from Detroit, Chicago and Frankfurt influences. In the mid 1980s as Gorbachev, leader of USSR, implemented open-minded policies of perestroika and glasnost, East Berlin churches began to be used as alternative venues for concerts. For example, West German punk band, Die Toten Hosen, performed illegally in 1983 and 1988 in East Berlin churches. In July 1989 the first Love Parade festival was held, a celebration of electronic music. With the fall of the Berlin wall in 1991, illegal parties of techno and dance music thrived in abandoned areas along where the wall had been. This quickly transformed Berlin into a techno capital where budding and prominent DJs, artists and youth congregated from Germany and internationally, cementing nightlife culture of raves and dance.

This is a document about 1980s
  Ronnie Milsap, Barbara Mandrell, and the Statler Brothers; also continued to score hits throughout the decade. The techno style of electronic dance music emerged in Detroit, Michigan, during the mid- to late 1980s. The house music style, another form of electronic dance music, emerged in Chicago, Illinois, in the early 1980s. It was initially popularized in mid-1980s discothèques catering to the African-American, Latino and gay communities, first in Chicago, then in New York City and Detroit. It eventually reached Europe before becoming infused in mainstream pop and dance music worldwide. Punk rock continued to make strides in the musical community.

This is a document about Techno
  1988, following the UK release of the compilation Techno! The New Dance Sound of Detroit, the term came to be associated with a form of electronic dance music produced in Detroit. Detroit techno resulted from the melding of synthpop by artists such as Kraftwerk, Giorgio Moroder and Yellow Magic Orchestra with African American styles such as house, electro, and funk. Added to this is the influence of futuristic and science-fiction themes relevant to life in American late capitalist society, with Alvin Toffler's book The Third Wave a notable point of reference. The music produced in the mid to late 1980s by Juan Atkins, Derrick May, and Kevin Saunderson

This is a document about 1980s in music
  and among visiting DJs & producers from Detroit. Trax Records and DJ International Records, local labels with wider distribution, helped popularize house music outside of Chicago. It eventually reached Europe before becoming infused in mainstream pop & dance music worldwide during the 1990s. It has been widely cited that the initial blueprint for techno was developed during the mid-1980s in Detroit, Michigan, by Juan Atkins, Kevin Saunderson, Derrick May (the so-called "Belleville Three"), and Eddie Fowlkes, all of whom attended school together at Belleville High, near Detroit. Though initially conceived as party music that was played on daily mixed radio programs and played at parties given by cliquish, Detroit high school clubs, it has grown to be a global phenomenon.

This is a document about Music history of the United States in the 1980s
  Chicago and among visiting DJs & producers from Detroit. Trax Records and DJ International Records, local labels with wider distribution, helped popularize house music outside of Chicago. It eventually reached Europe before becoming infused in mainstream pop & dance music worldwide during the 1990s. It has been widely cited that the initial blueprint for Techno was developed during the mid-1980s in Detroit, Michigan, by Juan Atkins, Kevin Saunderson, Derrick May (the so-called "Belleville Three"), and Eddie Fowlkes, all of whom attended school together at Belleville High, near Detroit. Though initially conceived as party music that was played on daily mixed radio programs and played at parties given by cliquish, Detroit high school clubs, it has grown to be a global phenomenon.

This is a document about List of genres
  1980s culture and its advancement towards the future, attempting to capture the era's atmosphere and celebrate it. Includes work by Kavinsky, Electric Youth and Power Glove. ; Techno: emerged in Detroit, Michigan, US during the mid-to-late 1980s. Includes work by Tomcraft, Leftfield and Moby. ; Trance: generally characterized by a tempo of between approximately 128 and 150 BPM, melodic synthesizer phrases, and a musical form that is progressive as it builds up and down throughout a track. Includes work by Svenson & Gielen, Cosmic Gate, PBK, Rank 1 and ATB. ; UK Garage: generally connected to the evolution of house in the United Kingdom from early/mid-1990s.

This is a document about History of DJing
  style and sometimes eschewed the accentuated high-hats of the Chicago house sound. During the mid-1980s, techno music emerged from the Detroit club scene. Being geographically located between Chicago and New York, Detroit techno artists combined elements of Chicago house and New York garage along with European imports. Techno distanced itself from disco's roots by becoming almost purely electronic with synthesized beats. In 1985, the Winter Music Conference started in Fort Lauderdale Florida and became the premier electronic music conference for dance music disc jockeys. In 1985, TRAX Dance Music Guide was launched by American Record Pool in Beverly Hills. It

This is a document about Techno
  As the techno sound evolved in the late 1980s and early 1990s, it also diverged to such an extent that a wide spectrum of stylistically distinct music was being referred to as techno. This ranged from relatively pop oriented acts such as Moby to the distinctly anti-commercial sentiments of Underground Resistance. Derrick May's experimentation on works such as Beyond the Dance (1989) and The Beginning (1990) were credited with taking techno "in dozens of new directions at once and having the kind of expansive impact John Coltrane had on Jazz". The Birmingham-based label Network Records label was instrumental in introducing Detroit techno to British audiences. By the early 1990s, the original techno sound had garnered a large underground following in the United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. The growth of techno's popularity in Europe between 1988 and 1992 was largely due to the emergence of the rave scene and a thriving club culture.

This is a document about Disco
  House music is a genre of electronic dance music that originated in Chicago in the early 1980s (also see: Chicago house). It quickly spread to other American cities such as Detroit, where it developed into the harder and more industrial techno, New York City (also see: garage house) and Newark – all of which developed their own regional scenes. In the mid- to late 1980s, house music became popular in Europe as well as major cities in South America, and Australia. Early house music commercial success in Europe saw songs such as "Pump Up The Volume" by MARRS (1987), "House Nation" by House Master Boyz and the Rude Boy of House (1987), "Theme from S'Express" by S'Express (1988)

This is a document about Techno! The New Dance Sound of Detroit
  'Techno! The New Dance Sound of Detroit' is a 1988 compilation of early Detroit techno tracks released on the Virgin Records UK imprint 10 Records. The compilation's title helped establish the term "techno" as the name for electronic dance music emerging out of Detroit in the 1980s.

This is a document about History of DJing
  the melody from Kraftwerk's "Trans-Europe Express." In 1982, the Compact Disc reached the public market in Asia, and early the following year in other markets. This event is often seen as the "Big Bang" of the digital audio revolution. In the early 1980s, NYC disco DJ Larry Levan, known for his electric mixes, gained a cult following, and the Paradise Garage, the nightclub at which he spun, became the prototype for the modern dance club where the music and the DJ were showcased. Around the same time, the disco-influenced electronic style of dance music called house music emerged in Chicago.

This is a document about Techno
  In 1982, while working at Frankfurt's City Music record store, DJ Talla 2XLC started to use the term techno to categorize artists such as New Order, Depeche Mode, Kraftwerk, Heaven 17 and Front 242, with the word used as shorthand for technologically created dance music. Talla's categorization became a point of reference for other DJs, including Sven Väth. Talla further popularized the term in Germany when he founded Technoclub at Frankfurt's No Name Club in 1984, which later moved to the Dorian Gray club in 1987. Talla's club spot served as the hub for the regional EBM and electronic music scene, and according to Jürgen Laarmann, of Frontpage magazine, it had historical merit in being the first club in Germany to play almost exclusively electronic dance music.

This is a document about Techno
  In Germany, fans started to refer to the harder techno sound emerging in the early 1990s as Tekkno (or Brett). This alternative spelling, with varying numbers of ks, began as a tongue-in-cheek attempt to emphasize the music's hardness, but by the mid-1990s it came to be associated with a controversial point of view that the music was and perhaps always had been wholly separate from Detroit's techno, deriving instead from a 1980s EBM-oriented club scene cultivated in part by DJ/musician Talla 2XLC in Frankfurt. At some point tension over "who defines techno" arose between scenes in Frankfurt and Berlin. DJ Tanith has expressed that Techno as a term already existed in Germany but was to a large extent undefined. Dimitri Hegemann

This is a document about Midwestern United States
  contributed to the international music scene with being the original home of the legendary Motown Records. House Music, the first form of Electronic Dance Music, had its beginning in Chicago in the early 1980s, and by the late 1980s and the early 1990s house music had become popular on an international scale. House artists such as Frankie Knuckles, Marshall Jefferson and many others recorded early house music records at Chicago's Trax Records and many other local record labels. With the creation of house music in the city of Chicago, the first form of the globally popular electronic dance music genre was created. Techno had its start in Detroit in

This is a document about Music history of the United States in the 1980s
  In the 1980s, dance music records made using only electronic instruments became increasingly popular, largely influenced by the Electronic music of Kraftwerk and 1970s disco music. Such music was originally born of and popularized via regional nightclub scenes in the 1980s, and became the predominant type of music played in discothèques as well as the rave scene. House music is a style of electronic dance music which originated in Chicago, Illinois, USA in the early 1980s. House music was strongly influenced by elements of soul- and funk-infused varieties of disco. Club play from pioneering DJs like Ron Hardy and Lil Louis, local dance music record shops, and the popular Hot Mix 5 shows on radio station WBMX-FM helped popularize house music

This is a document about List of Dutch inventions and innovations
  Hardcore or hardcore techno is a subgenre of electronic dance music originating in Europe from the emergent raves in the 1990s. It was initially designed at Rotterdam in Netherlands, derived from techno.

This is a document about Music of the United Kingdom (1980s)
  In the 1980s, dance music records made using only electronic instruments became increasingly popular, largely influenced from the electronic music of Kraftwerk and disco music. Such music was originally born of and popularised via regional nightclub scenes in the 1980s, and became the predominant type of music played in discothèques as well as the rave scene.

This is a document about Music of New York City
  Disco is an up-tempo style of dance music that originated in the early 1970s, with its center in the United States in New York. As discothèques grew more popular later in the decade, they began moving to larger venues as the sound became popularized by artists such as Newark native Gloria Gaynor. Many of these were in New York, including Paradise Garage and Studio 54. As the disco trend faded, dance clubs continued to have a home in New York into the 1980s in trendy clubs such as Danceteria, remembered perhaps best as the club where arguably dance music's diva, Madonna, began her career. Club music added electronically generated sounds and samples of music such as jazz, blues, and European and Japanese electronic music. In the early 1980s, house music, a direct descendant of disco, was forged in the underground clubs of Chicago, Detroit, and New York. Freestyle also originated in New York during the 1980s. A sound characterized by a mixture of Latin music beats and melodies fused with elements of hip hop and electro, it became popularized by New York natives such as Lisa Lisa & Cult Jam, Brenda K. Starr.

This is a document about Detroit techno
  The explosion of interest in electronic dance music during the late 1980s provided a context for the development of techno as an identifiable genre. The mid-1988 UK release of Techno! The New Dance Sound of Detroit, an album compiled by ex-Northern Soul DJ and Kool Kat Records boss Neil Rushton (at the time an A&R scout for Virgin's "10 Records" imprint) and Derrick May, was an important milestone and marked the introduction of the word techno in reference to a specific genre of music. Although the compilation put techno into the lexicon of British music journalism, the music was, for a time, sometimes characterized as Detroit's high-tech interpretation of Chicago house rather than a relatively pure genre unto itself. In fact, the compilation's working title had been The House Sound of Detroit until the addition of Atkins' song "Techno Music" prompted reconsideration. Rushton was later quoted as saying he, Atkins, May, and Saunderson came up with the compilation's final name together, and that the Belleville Three voted down calling the music some kind of regional brand of house; they instead favored a term they were already using, techno.

This is a document about Music of the United Kingdom (1980s)
  House music was a style of electronic dance music that originated in Chicago, Illinois, US, in the early 1980s. House music was strongly influenced by elements of soul and funk-infused varieties of disco. House music generally mimics disco's percussion, especially the use of a prominent bass drum on every beat, but may feature a prominent synthesiser bassline, electronic drums, electronic effects, funk and pop samples, and reverb or delay-enhanced vocals. In the early 1980s, a UK house scene developed in cities such as London, Birmingham and Manchester, particularly at The Haçienda Club and on the holiday island of Ibiza. One of the earliest and most influential UK house and techno record labels was Network Records (otherwise known as Kool Kat records) who helped introduce Italian and U.S. dance music to Britain as well as promoting select UK dance music

Techno music originated in Detroit, Michigan, in the mid-1980s. It was developed by Juan Atkins, Kevin Saunderson, Derrick May, and Eddie Fowlkes, who attended school together and were influenced by funk, electro, and futuristic themes. The sound was initially popularized in the Midwest and later spread to Europe, particularly in Chicago and New York City, before becoming popular worldwide during the 1990s.


Question: singapore left hand drive or right hand drive

Answer: left side

This is a document about Driving in Singapore
  In Singapore, only right-hand-drive cars are permitted on the roads. There are exceptions for special-purpose vehicles, diplomatic vehicles, and foreign-registered vehicles, with the label placed at the back windscreen of the vehicles indicating "Left Hand Drive" to alert other motorists that the driver's seat is on the left side instead of on the right side.

This is a document about Driving in Singapore
   In Singapore, cars and other vehicles drive on the left side of the road—due to its historical rule by the United Kingdom. As a result, vehicles are catered to right-hand drive. However, exemptions have been made to allow foreign vehicles and construction machineries to utilise the road space of Singapore. As such, vehicles with left-hand drive configurations are required to either be driven with a sign indicating "LEFT-HAND-DRIVE" or towed. The per-capita car ownership rate in Singapore is approximately 12 cars per 100 people (or 1 car per 8.25 people).

This is a document about Grey import vehicle
  In spite of the change to driving on the right, most passenger cars in the country today are RHD, being second-hand vehicles imported from Japan, Thailand, and Singapore. Now, only left hand drive can be imported to Myanmar and the reason behind is that right hand drive cars are unsuitable for Myanmar's road traffic system.

This is a document about Driving in Singapore
  Left Turn In Singapore, it is illegal to turn left (into the nearest lane, due to the left-hand driving) during a red light. This rule, however, does not apply if a "Left Turn on Red" sign is present at the junction, allowing left-turning motorists to turn left, provided they stop before the stop line and give way to pedestrians and incoming traffic. Right Turn It is illegal to turn right during a red light in Singapore. Right turns are permissible only when one's lane has the green light signal or green turning arrow (right after a red light) into the opposing traffic lane, travelling in

This is a document about Driving in Singapore
  opposite direction, is clear and favourable to execute a right turn. However, at some traffic lights of busier intersections, full red-amber-green arrow lamps (the outline of a right-pointing arrow) are installed beside a normal traffic lamp. This is to indicate that only when the green light arrow signal appears that motorists can proceed to make a turn. Otherwise at other times such as during red or amber light arrow signal, or when the coast is clear, motorists cannot make a discretionary right turn. These rules in Singapore are similar to many countries that employ left-hand traffic, and unlike countries which permit turns on red.

This is a document about Left- and right-hand traffic
   Left-hand traffic (LHT) and right-hand traffic (RHT) are the practices, in bidirectional traffic, of keeping to the left side or to the right side of the road, respectively. They are fundamental to traffic flow, and are sometimes referred to as the rule of the road. The terms right- and left-hand drive refers to the position of the driver and the steering wheel in the vehicle and are the reverse of the terms right- and left-hand traffic. The rule also extends to where on the road a vehicle is to be driven, if there is room for more than one vehicle in the one direction, as well as the side on which the vehicle in the rear overtakes the one in

This is a document about Left- and right-hand traffic
  not. Similarly, many of the countries that were a part of the French colonial empire adopted RHT. In LHT traffic keeps left, and cars usually have the steering wheel on the right (RHD – right hand drive). Roundabouts circulate clockwise. RHT is the opposite of this: traffic keeps right, the driver usually sits on the left side of the car (LHD – left hand drive), and roundabouts circulate anti-clockwise. In most countries rail traffic follows the handedness of the roads, although many of the countries that switched road traffic from LHT to RHT did not switch their trains. Boat traffic on rivers is effectively RHT. Boats are traditionally piloted from the starboard side to facilitate priority to the right.

This is a document about Grey import vehicle
  In many Caribbean islands where traffic drives on the left, such as the British Virgin Islands, U.S. Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos Islands, most passenger cars are LHD, being imported from the United States or even Korea. Only government cars, buses and vehicles imported from Japan are RHD. The US Virgin Islands (originally a Danish protectorate which drove on the left, as did Denmark until the early 20th century) are particularly notorious for a high accident rate caused by American tourists from the mainland who are unfamiliar with driving on the left in their rental cars – the confusion from which is obviously compounded by using a LHD vehicle.

This is a document about Virgin Islands
  Motor vehicles are driven on the left-hand side of the road in both the British and the U.S. Virgin Islands, although the steering wheels on most cars are located on the left side (as is the norm for drive-on-the-right localities). In the Spanish Virgin Islands, vehicles are driven on the right-hand side of the road.

This is a document about Turn on red
  As in the former United Kingdom British Colony Straits of Singapore Overseas British Territories and which drives on the left, left turns on red are always prohibited in Singapore. The driver must stop at the red light and wait for green lights to turn left only on green lights on. At most junctions, however, there may be separate sets of signals for left turns, or specific lanes for turning left separating from the through traffic by traffic islands and give way signs are installed. But, unlike other british colonies, there's a sign that permits left turns on red. The driver will have to stop at

This is a document about Lancia Ardea
  road. However, right-hand drive is practical even where drivers drive on the right-hand side of the road as it allows a better view of the edge of the road, which is useful when driving on rough roads in mountainous districts. This did mean that drivers of cars with centrally located floor mounted gear shifts, such as the Ardea, needed to learn how to shift with the left hand. During the 1920s Italian leader Benito Mussolini required all Italian drivers to drive on the right, but Lancia would continue, through the 1950s, to supply right hand drive cars in areas viewed by other automakers as left hand drive markets.

This is a document about Marina Bay Street Circuit
  276 km/h. Turn ten is a left-hand turn at 150 km/h. Turns eleven, twelve, and thirteen were reprofiled before the 2015 Singapore Grand Prix. Drivers still turn right at turn eleven, but it will now kink left slightly on entry, with the track shifting to the left-hand side of Fullerton Road. This will change the profile of turn twelve, as drivers will now use the other side of the Anderson Bridge at 190 km/h, while the hairpin at turn 13 (in front of Fullerton Hotel) has been widened by a metre in order to increase overtaking opportunities with braking to

This is a document about Hand signals
  traffic laws generally conform to the Uniform Vehicle Code, but exceptions may exist. British Columbia (Canada) recognizes both. South Africa and Denmark: The driver extends their right arm horizontally with the palm to the front. If a vehicle is fitted with turn indicators, they may be used instead. The same signals are also used for overtaking to the right in Left-hand traffic countries.    "Arm to the right" has the advantage that it is more visible to any traffic likely to be affected, for example vehicles in the next lane to the right or also intending to turn right. It is also easier to teach to children: "point in the direction you are going to turn."

This is a document about Highway systems by country
  Colloquially, the terms "freeway", "highway", and "motorway" are used synonymously. The term "expressway" is not common in South Africa. A freeway, highway or motorway refers to a divided dual carriageway with limited access, and at least two lanes in either direction. A central island, usually either with drainage, foliage, or high-impact barriers, provides a visible separation between the carriageways in opposite directions. As in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, and Japan, South Africans drive on the left-hand side of the road and nearly all steering wheels are on the right-hand side of vehicles. Freeways are designated with one of three labels: N (in reference to national roads), R (short for "route",

This is a document about Driving in Singapore
  The peculiarities of Singapore's car market has made Singapore the second largest exporter of used cars in the world (approximately 100,000 cars exported per year) after Japan. Singapore exports its cars to many countries, including African countries. Used cars are often exported to other countries with right-hand driving, but there are exports to left-hand-driving countries as well. New Zealand allows used cars previously registered in Singapore to be imported without any modifications. This is due in part to the reduction in the costs of COE and PARF between 2000 and 2005, which has incentivised owners to purchase new cars before their ten years are up. Previously, the COE and PARF represented around 80% of the

This is a document about Steering wheel
   Steering wheels for passenger automobiles are generally circular and are mounted to the steering column by a hub connected to the outer ring of the steering wheel by one or more spokes (single spoke wheels being a rather rare exception). Other types of vehicles may use the circular design, a butterfly shape, or some other shape. In countries where cars must drive on the left side of the road, the steering wheel is typically on the right side of the car (right-hand drive or RHD); the converse applies in countries where cars drive on the right side of the road (left-hand drive

This is a document about Japanese used vehicle exporting
  Some vehicles like the Toyota Fortuner, Toyota Hiace, and the Nissan Skyline R34 have been imported to the UAE and are sometimes converted to left hand drive. Right hand drive vehicles are legal and sometimes remain RHD for transit or sporting purposes.

This is a document about Left- and right-hand traffic
  and Prince Edward Island, changed to RHT in 1922, 1923, and 1924 respectively. Newfoundland, then a British colony, changed to RHT in 1947, two years before joining Canada. In the West Indies, colonies and territories drive on the same side as their parent countries, except for the United States Virgin Islands. Many of the island nations are former British colonies and drive on the left, including Jamaica, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, and The Bahamas. However, most vehicles in The Bahamas, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands and United States Virgin Islands are LHD.

This is a document about Japanese used vehicle exporting
  The suitability of Japan's domestically sold cars for export to other countries is constrained by various factors. Vehicles in Japan have right-hand drive—the steering wheel is on the right side of the vehicle—in accord with Japan's left-hand traffic. Some countries with right-hand traffic permit right-hand drive vehicles, though right-traffic headlamps are generally unavailable for models exclusive to Japan. Some countries with right traffic do not allow right-hand drive cars, but in some such markets the extensive labor required to convert a car to left-hand drive is economically feasible; such conversions are sometimes done by the local importers. The Philippines is an example of a market where such conversion is common, until recently, when the importation

This is a document about Transport in Hong Kong
  as there are fewer public transportation options, and more parking spaces compared to other areas of Hong Kong. Most cars are right-hand drive models, from Japanese or European manufacturers. Almost all private vehicles in Hong Kong have dual airbags and are tested by JNCAP. Vehicles must also be maintained to a high standard, contrary to mainland China regulations. Hong Kong does not allow left-hand drive vehicles to be primarily registered in Hong Kong. However, Hong Kong registered vehicles may apply for secondary mainland Chinese registration plates, and these can be driven across the border to mainland China; likewise, left-hand drive cars seen in

Singapore primarily allows right-hand-drive vehicles on its roads. However, left-hand-drive vehicles are also permitted with a special label indicating the foreign registration.


Question: who owns the hollywood walk of fame stars

Answer: public

This is a document about Hollywood Walk of Fame
  The Hollywood Walk of Fame is a historic landmark which consists of more than 2,700 five-pointed terrazzo and brass stars embedded in the sidewalks along 15 blocks of Hollywood Boulevard and three blocks of Vine Street in Hollywood, California. The stars are permanent public monuments to achievement in the entertainment industry, bearing the names of a mix of musicians, actors, directors, producers, musical and theatrical groups, fictional characters, and others. The Walk of Fame is administered by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and maintained by the self-financing Hollywood Historic Trust. It is a popular tourist destination, with an estimated 10 million annual visitors in 2010. The Hollywood Chamber of Commerce holds trademark rights to the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

This is a document about List of awards and nominations received by Janet Jackson
  The Hollywood Walk of Fame is a group of stars embedded in the sidewalk along Hollywood Boulevard and Vine Street in Hollywood, California. The stars are permanent public monuments for public figures in the entertainment industry.

This is a document about List of awards and nominations received by Backstreet Boys
 Hollywood Walk of Fame ; Star on the Walk of Fame

This is a document about Ice Cube
 Hollywood Walk of Fame star 2017

This is a document about Taft Building (Los Angeles)
  Will Rogers had offices there. It has housed the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It was the first high-rise office building in Los Angeles. It is opposite the Pantages Theatre, and Audrey Hepburn's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame is outside the main entrance. In 2011, the owner, Langer Meringoff Properties, put it up for sale. It has been on the list of Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments in Hollywood since September 29, 1999. In June 2018, Ocean West Capital Partners acquired the newly renovated Taft Building from DLJ Real Estate Capital Partners for $70 million in an off-market transaction.

This is a document about List of awards and nominations received by Ricky Martin
 rowspan="1"|2007 ; rowspan="1"|Ricky Martin ; Recording (on 16 October; At 6901 Hollywood Blvd.) ; Won Won The Hollywood Walk of Fame is a sidewalk along Hollywood Boulevard and Vine Street in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, United States, that serves as an entertainment hall of fame. It is embedded with more than 2,000 five-pointed stars featuring the names of celebrities honored by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce for their contributions to the entertainment industry. {|class="wikitable" !Year !Nominee / work !Award !Result !Ref.

This is a document about Bandstand Promenade
  The Walk of the Stars is a 2 km section of the Bandstand Promenade honoring Bollywood film stars. The path features about six statues of famous Bollywood actors as well as about 100 brass plates embossed with the handprints and signatures of other stars. The walk was inspired by the Hollywood Walk of Fame. It is funded and privately managed by UTV and promoted through their UTV Stars television channel. As of December 2014, the walk with the stars section of the promenade has been removed.

This is a document about List of awards and nominations received by Usher
  The Hollywood Walk of Fame is an internationally recognized Hollywood icon. The Hollywood Chamber of Commerce continues to add stars on the Walk of Fame as the representative of the City of Los Angeles.

This is a document about List of awards and nominations received by NSYNC
 2018 ; NSYNC ; Recording Artists ; Won Won The Hollywood Walk of Fame comprises more than 2,600 stars embedded in the sidewalks of Hollywood Boulevard, representing permanent public monuments to achievement in the entertainment industry.

This is a document about Hollywood Walk of Fame
  Acts of vandalism on the Walk of Fame have ranged from profanity and political statements written on stars with markers and paint to damage with heavy tools. Vandals have also tried to chisel out the brass category emblems embedded in the stars below the names, and have even stolen a statue component of The Four Ladies of Hollywood. Closed circuit surveillance cameras have been installed on the stretch of Hollywood Boulevard between La Brea Avenue and Vine Street in an effort to discourage mischievous activities. Four of the stars, which weigh about 300 lb each, have been stolen from the Walk of Fame. In 2000, James Stewart's and Kirk Douglas's stars disappeared from their locations near the intersection of Hollywood and

This is a document about List of awards and nominations received by Alfred Hitchcock
  The Hollywood Walk of Fame as one of the most successful marketing ideas ever produced is administered by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. The stars (located on both sides ofHollywood Boulevard and Vine Street in the district of Los Angeles, California) are permanent public monuments to various artists for their achievement in the entertainment industry, as well as to fictional characters. Hitchcock received two stars – one with the symbol of classic film camera representing his motion pictures, and one with the television set emblem for his contribution to broadcast television, both on 8 February 1960.

This is a document about Eastwood City Walk of Fame
  Gallery and Museum), a non-profit organization founded by the late German Moreno, which the expense is from his own pocket. Entrepreneur Alice Eduardo joined him as co-owner in 2013. Following Moreno's death on January 8, 2016, Megaworld Corporation Senior Associate Vice President and Head for Marketing Tefel Pesigan-Valentino and Quezon City Mayor Herbert Bautista announced that they will continue the Walk of Fame as part of the "City of Stars" project, which was approved by the city's local government in 2014. In February 2016, it was announced that Moreno's son, Federico will become Walk of Fame's president and general manager.

This is a document about The Jackson 5
 1980 || The Jacksons || Hollywood Walk of Fame Star || Won 1980 || The Jacksons || Hollywood Walk of Fame Star || Won The Hollywood Walk of Fame is a sidewalk along Hollywood Boulevard and Vine Street in Hollywood, California, United States, that serves as an entertainment hall of fame. It is embedded with more than 2,000 five-pointed stars featuring the names of celebrities honored by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce for their contributions to the entertainment industry. The Jacksons received their star in 1980.

This is a document about Hedy Lamarr
  that she did not own rights to the image. The parties reached an undisclosed settlement in 1998. For her contribution to the motion picture industry, Lamarr has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6247 Hollywood Blvd adjacent to Vine Street where the walk is centered. Lamarr became estranged from her older son, James Lamarr Loder, when he was 12 years old. Their relationship ended abruptly, and he moved in with another family. They did not speak again for almost 50 years. Lamarr left James Loder out of her will, and he sued for control of the US$3.3 million estate left by Lamarr in 2000. He eventually settled for US$50,000.

This is a document about Phil Spitalny
  Spitalny has a Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

This is a document about Hollywood Walk of Fame
  18, 2018, the star was defaced with swastikas and other graffiti drawn in permanent marker, and it was vandalized yet again on October 2, 2020. In August 2018, the West Hollywood City Council unanimously passed a resolution requesting permanent removal of the star due to repeated vandalism, according to Mayor John Duran. The resolution was completely symbolic, as West Hollywood has no jurisdiction over the Walk. Activist groups have also called for the removal of stars honoring individuals whose public and professional lives have become controversial, including Trump, Bill Cosby, Kevin Spacey, and Brett Ratner. In answer to these campaigns, the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce announced that because the Walk is a historical landmark, "once a star has been added ... it is considered a part of the historic fabric of the Hollywood Walk of Fame" and cannot be removed.

This is a document about List of awards and nominations received by Jessica Lange
  The Hollywood Walk of Fame as one of the most successful marketing ideas ever produced, it is administered by the Hollywood chamber of commerce. The stars located on both sides of Hollywood Boulevard and Vine Street in the district of Los Angeles, California, are permanent public monuments to various artists for their achievement in the entertainment industry, as well as to fictional characters. On June 20, the Selection Committee announced that Lange will receive a star with the symbol of classic film camera representing her motion pictures by 2014.

This is a document about List of awards and nominations received by Alabama
 1998 ||| Alabama || Hollywood Walk of Fame Star || Won 1998 ||| Alabama || Hollywood Walk of Fame Star || Won The Hollywood Walk of Fame is a sidewalk along Hollywood Boulevard and Vine Street in Hollywood, California, USA, that serves as an entertainment hall of fame. It is embedded with more than 2,000 five-pointed stars featuring the names of celebrities honored by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce for their contributions to the entertainment industry.

This is a document about Hollywood Walk of Fame
  Though the Walk was originally conceived in part to encourage redevelopment of Hollywood Boulevard, the 1960s and 1970s were periods of protracted urban decay in the Hollywood area as residents moved to nearby suburbs. After the initial installation of approximately 1,500 stars in 1960 and 1961, eight years passed without the addition of a new star. In 1962, the Los Angeles City Council passed an ordinance naming the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce "the agent to advise the City" about adding names to the Walk, and the Chamber, over the following six years, devised rules, procedures, and financing methods to do so. In December 1968, Richard D. Zanuck was awarded the first star in eight years in a presentation ceremony hosted by Danny Thomas. In July 1978, the City

This is a document about Fox Theater (Bakersfield, California)
  In early 2005, the Fox Theater Foundation launched the Walk of Stars program, a new fundraising program for the 75th Anniversary. The program is intended to pay for the numerous ongoing restoration and facility improvement projects needed to preserve this historic structure. The Stars are available for purchase by any member of the community. They are available at three different price levels, each level coming with special benefits and specific Star locations: $5,000 (14-inch stainless steel star), $10,000 (14-inch stainless steel star), $25,000 (16-inch stainless steel star). The Stars are customized with the donor's name or company name or logo.

The Hollywood Walk of Fame stars are owned and maintained by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce.


Question: when did stained glass windows start in churches

Answer: 675 AD

This is a document about First Presbyterian Church (Philadelphia)
  The oldest stained glass windows were in place in 1872; the newest ones were dedicated in 1988. A wide range of makers and styles appears.

This is a document about French Romanesque architecture
  The art of making stained glass had been used to make colored glass goblets, bottles, and lamps as early as the 8th century. Early glass window panes appeared in Syria and Egypt in the 8th century, and in France under the Emperor Charlemagne. The earliest glass windows were clear to give maximum light, since the windows were small and the church interiors were already very dark. Clear glass windows appeared during the Romanesque period in the Abbeys of the Cistercians, at Bonlieu Abbey in the Creuse, Aubazine in Corrèze, Saint-Serge in Angers, and others. The glass was very thin, no

This is a document about Medieval stained glass
  Window glass was in use from at least the 1st century AD and colored and painted window glass for use in religious buildings was also manufactured at an early date. The earliest extant example of ecclesiastical stained glass is possibly that from Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy—a clear glass roundel with a depiction of Christ in Majesty, thought to be from the 6th century. Some of the earliest known examples of colored window glass, datable to c. 800–820, were recovered in excavations at the Abbey of San Vicenzo in Volturno, Italy. Glass of the same colour ranges and similar date has also been found in England, at the monastic sites of Jarrow and Monkwearmouth,

This is a document about French Romanesque architecture
  in 1071. The earliest known stained glass window in France is a head of Christ from the 11th century, which was originally in Weissenburg Abbey, Alsace. One of the earliest stained glass windows installed in France was the Crucifixion window of Poitiers Cathedral, put in place in The installation of new stained glass windows by the Abbot Suger in the choir of the Abbey of Saint-Denis in the mid-12th century was one of the decisive steps of the transition from the Romanesque to the Gothic style. Thereafter, stained glass, not murals, became the most prominent decorative element of French cathedrals.

This is a document about Stained glass
  Stained glass, as an art form, reached its height in the Middle Ages when it became a major pictorial form used to illustrate the narratives of the Bible to a largely illiterate populace. In the Romanesque and Early Gothic period, from about 950 to 1240, the untraceried windows demanded large expanses of glass which of necessity were supported by robust iron frames, such as may be seen at Chartres Cathedral and at the eastern end of Canterbury Cathedral. As Gothic architecture developed into a more ornate form, windows grew larger, affording greater illumination to the interiors, but were divided into sections by vertical shafts and tracery of stone. This elaboration of form reached its height of complexity in the Flamboyant

This is a document about Gothic cathedrals and churches
  Stained glass windows were a prominent feature of the Gothic church and cathedral from the beginning. Abbot Suger, who considered that light was a manifestation of the divine, installed colorful windows in the ambulatory of Basilica of Saint Denis, and they were featured in all the major cathedrals in France, England and the rest of Europe. In the 13th and 14th century they became larger and larger, until they filled entirely walls. However, they lost some of the original simplicity and richness of color, as the artists competed with painters and fresco artists in making huge windows crowded with naturalistic figures. In the

This is a document about Medieval stained glass in Sweden
  Although the technique of making stained glass had been known since before the Middle Ages, the practice of decorating churches with stained glass windows became widespread in the territory of what is today Sweden first from the 1230s. On Gotland, where the vast majority of the remaining stained glass windows come from, stained glass windows were produced during a comparatively short time span of about a century and a half, from the second quarter of the 13th century to the end of the 14th century. This was a time of expansive church building and rebuilding on the island, which had grown rich from foreign trade. With the end of the 14th century, this

This is a document about Toulouse Cathedral
  glass windows in the church today date to the 19th century and 20th century. Many of these windows were assembled with a combination of early glass from destroyed windows combined with new glass. The stained glass windows in the nave were put into place in the 1950s. The oldest portions of stained glass, pieces from the 14th to 16th centuries surrounded by more modern glass, are found in the chapels that encircle the choir. The rose window on the west front, originally installed in 1230, was modelled after that of Notre-Dame de Paris. It was restored in the 19th century.

This is a document about Stained glass
  stained-glass windows in churches and monasteries in Britain can be found as early as the 7th century. The earliest known reference dates from 675 AD when Benedict Biscop imported workmen from France to glaze the windows of the monastery of St Peter which he was building at Monkwearmouth. Hundreds of pieces of coloured glass and lead, dating back to the late 7th century, have been discovered here and at Jarrow. In the Middle East, the glass industry of Syria continued during the Islamic period with major centres of manufacture at Raqqa, Aleppo and Damascus and the most important products being highly transparent colourless glass and gilded glass, rather than coloured glass.

This is a document about Medieval stained glass
  at other sites in the north of England. These examples are not painted. However, it was not until the advent of the monumental cathedral and church building campaigns in the 11th and 12th centuries that the demand for colored glass began to increase significantly, reaching its highest level in the 14th and 15th centuries. The oldest surviving glass windows still in situ are thought to be the Prophet Windows in Augsburg Cathedral, of c. 1065. A useful 12th-century source on medieval glass manufacture is the De diversis artibus ("On various arts") of Theophilus Presbyter, a Benedictine monk believed by some scholars to be Roger of Helmarshausen, a metal glass and pigment worker of the late 11th

This is a document about Bryn Athyn Cathedral
  creating stained glass, namely of melting various pigment and metallic oxides into the glass itself and then having a glass blower create a disk of glass with varying degrees of thickness and brightness, was revived. The first glass was blown in 1922 and the last was created in the 1940s, however all the windows themselves were not completed till the 1960s. The windows are essentially of three designs: Most of the metal in the cathedral is Monel Metal. The Ezekiel Tower, located south of the main 150 ft tower, was built between the years 1920-1926. The Choir Hall and

This is a document about List of stained glass windows in the Janskerk, Gouda
  The Stained glass windows in the Sint Janskerk can be viewed by visitors after paying a modest entrance fee. The earliest windows date from 1555, three years after a destructive fire laid waste to the earlier church built in the same place. The creation of stained glass windows was temporarily halted in 1572 following Gouda's decision to side with the Protestant faction in the Eighty Years' War, but the process was resumed a few years later with windows of a different and more worldly character. As a result, the church features stained glass windows from both Roman Catholic and Protestant donors – a highly unusual combination. The most treasured is the series of windows around the Choir that portray the life of John the Baptist, the city's patron saint, in parallel with that of Jesus Christ.

This is a document about Church window
  Church windows are windows within cathedrals, basilicas and other church edifices. They have been a central element in church architecture since Early Christianity.

This is a document about Anglo-Saxon glass
  With the introduction of Christianity in the early 7th century and the building of ecclesiastical structures the amount of window glass also increased. Window glass, some of which was also coloured, has been identified at more than 17 sites, of which 12 are ecclesiastical. Hundreds of window glass fragments have been found at Jarrow, Wearmouth, Brandon, Whithorn and Winchester. This evidence supports the historical records, such as Bede’s account of Benedict Biscop’s importation of glaziers from Gaul to glaze the windows in the monastery at Wearmouth in AD 675. Most Anglo-Saxon window glass is thin, durable, bubbly and when colourless has a pale bluish-green tint. Many of the ecclesiastical sites have also produced strongly coloured glass from the 7th century onwards. Analysis of window glass from Beverley, Uley, Winchester, Whithorn, Wearmouth and Jarrow, has revealed that the majority was

This is a document about Clayton and Bell
  During the Medieval period, from the Norman Conquest of England in 1066 until the 1530s, much stained glass was produced and installed in churches, monasteries and cathedrals. Two historic events had brought an end to this and the destruction of most of the glass: the Dissolution of the Monasteries under Henry VIII, and the Puritan era under Oliver Cromwell in the 17th century. The early 19th century was marked by a renewal of the Christian faith, a growth of Roman Catholicism, a planting of new churches, particularly in centres of industrial growth, and the restoration of many ancient churches and cathedrals. Leaders in the movement to build new churches and cathedrals were Augustus Welby Pugin, Sir George Gilbert Scott, John Loughborough Pearson, G.F. Bodley and George Edmund Street. They generally designed churches in a manner that sought to revive the styles of the Medieval period.

This is a document about British and Irish stained glass (1811–1918)
  Following the Norman conquest of England in 1066, many churches, abbeys and cathedrals were built, initially in the Norman or Romanesque style, then in the increasingly elaborate and decorative Gothic style. In these churches the windows were generally either large or in multiples so that the light within the building was maximised. The windows were glazed, frequently with coloured glass held in place by strips of lead. Because flat glass could only be manufactured in small pieces, the method of glazing lent itself to patterning. The pictorial representation of biblical characters and narratives was a feature of Christian churches, often taking the form of murals. By the 12th century stained glass was well adapted to serve this purpose. For 500 years the art flourished and adapted

This is a document about St. Dominic Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)
  Some of the stained glass windows in the sanctuary date back to 1875, when the church was constructed. The central window above the main altar depicts the Sacred Heart of Christ. It is immediately flanked by a window of the Blessed Virgin Mary and another of Saint Joseph, the latter of which was a gift of Ellen Ewing Sherman, wife of General William Tecumseh Sherman, and mother of Thomas Ewing Sherman, S.J. The sanctuary further has two windows depicting Saints Dominic and Thomas Aquinas, respectively. Besides the sanctuary windows, others also date to 1875, including a large rose window portraying St. Cecilia, as well as windows depicting St. Peter, St. Paul, and Dominican shields. However, the majority of the church's stained glass windows were installed in 1965 and created by the Heimer company. The windows depict scenes from the life of St. Dominic and other Dominican saints.

This is a document about Rose window
  Example(s): ; Strasbourg Cathedral (1015–1439 A.D.) ; Consider to be the first Gothic church, the Abbey Church of Saint-Denis, was completed in 1144 A.D, as the Gothic period was beginning. It also is the first known church to have stained glass rose windows around 1200 A.D. ; The first rose windows that used dividing pieces and adornments first appeared basically at the same time in Italy at San Zeno at Verona, in Tuscany and in France at Saint-Denis and Saint-Etienne at Beauvais. At this time it was just as much of a useful structure tailored for interior drama as it was for exterior decoration. ; Rose windows gained major popularity in the middle of the 12th century.

This is a document about St. James Episcopal Church (New London, Connecticut)
  The original stained glass windows (including the Altar window) were installed in 1850 and are believed to have been designed by the Henry E. Sharp Studio in New York. Many of them have been replaced over the years, but several grisaille style windows remain.

This is a document about St. Peter's Cathedral (Charlottetown)
  If you are interested in stained glass, you will find in St. Peter's and in All Souls' Chapel several examples of outstanding design and craftsmanship. As has been said, St. Peter's Cathedral was founded in 1869 as a result of the Oxford Movement. It is a unique church in many ways. Choir members have worn surplices since the opening of the church. As early as 1872 the Rood Screen was erected and the seven hanging lamps placed in the sanctuary. The envelope system was adopted in 1876, and the pews have always been free. Altar candles have been used since

Stained glass windows in churches can be traced back to at least the 8th century, with the earliest known example being a depiction of Christ in Majesty from the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy. However, the use of stained glass as a prominent decorative element in churches became more common during the Romanesque period in the 11th and 12th centuries.


Question: who won 2018 gps head of the river

Answer: Saint Ignatius ' College

This is a document about Head of the River (Australia)
  The Head of the River for schoolboys is contested between seven of the nine GPS (Great Public Schools) schools in Brisbane, with schools Brisbane Boys College, Brisbane Grammar School, Brisbane State High School, Anglican Church Grammar School, St. Joseph's College, Gregory Terrace, The Southport School and St. Joseph's Nudgee College competing. The GPS Head of the River has been held since 1918, with Southport winning in the inaugural year. The races have been held on the Milton Reach of the Brisbane River, Wivenhoe Dam, Hinze Dam, Lake Kawana and now race at Wyaralong Dam. Crowds of several thousand attend the annual Championship Regatta at Lake Kawana but in earlier years there are reports of both sides of the river being lined with spectators and tens of thousands attending.

This is a document about Head of the River (New South Wales)
  one week after other summer sports premierships – cricket and basketball – have finished. This enables over ten thousand school students and other supporters to attend. The current (SIRC) record time (and former junior world record until 2001) for the 1st VIII is 5:42.6 set by Shore on 23 March 1996, in the first year that the race was held at SIRC. The most recent winner of the AAGPS Head of the River, and holder of the Major Rennie Trophy is The Kings School winning the regatta in 2021 with a time of 5:54:47 ahead of Shore (5:57:35) and Scots College (5:57:69).

This is a document about Head of the River (Australia)
  another dominant performance from The Hutchins School taking the win by 10 seconds from Scotch Oakburn with Friends placing third. In girls race the victors were Grammar with Scotch Oakburn placing second. In 2012, the Head of the River Champions were Launceston Church Grammar for the girls and The Hutchins School for the boys. In 2013, The underdog crew from Scotch Oakburn took out the Head of the River by a margin of 2 lengths to The Hutchins School, who had a dominant season and went into the race as favourites. This prevented Hutchins from a 6th title, and gave Scotch Oakburn their first win in 6 years. Closely in 3rd, The Friends School.

This is a document about Beth Rodford
  On 17 March 2014 Rodford was part of the composite crew that won the Women's Eights Head of the River Race on the River Thames in London, setting a record time of 17:42.2 for the 4 1⁄4-mile (6.8 km) Championship Course from Mortlake to Putney. The crew comprised Heather Stanning – Army RC; Beth Rodford – Gloucester RC; Zoe Lee – Imperial College BC; Jessica Eddie – London RC; Helen Glover – Minerva Bath Rowing Club; Olivia Carnegie-Brown – Oxford Brookes University BC; Tina Stiller – Tees RC; Caragh McMurtry – Reading University BC; cox Phelan Hill – Leander Club.

This is a document about Heather Stanning
  On 17 March 2014 Stanning was part of the composite crew that won the Women's Eights Head of the River Race on the River Thames in London, setting a record time of 17:42.2 for the 4 1⁄4-mile (6.8 km) Championship Course from Mortlake to Putney. The crew comprised Heather Stanning – Army RC; Beth Rodford – Gloucester RC; Zoe Lee – Imperial College BC; Jessica Eddie – London RC; Helen Glover – Minerva Bath Rowing Club; Olivia Carnegie-Brown – Oxford Brookes University BC; Tina Stiller – Tees RC; Caragh McMurtry – Reading University BC; cox Phelan Hill – Leander Club. On 19 April 2014 Helen Glover and Stanning, coached by Paul Thompson, won the women's

This is a document about Helen Glover (rower)
  On 17 March 2014, Glover was part of the composite crew that won the Women's Eights Head of the River Race on the River Thames in London, setting a record time of 17:42.2 for the 4 1⁄4-mile (6.8 km) Championship Course from Mortlake to Putney. The crew comprised Heather Stanning – Army RC; Beth Rodford – Gloucester RC; Zoe Lee – Imperial College BC; Jessica Eddie – London RC; Helen Glover – Minerva-Bath RC; Olivia Carnegie-Brown – Oxford Brookes University BC; Tina Stiller – Tees RC; Caragh McMurtry – Reading University BC; cox Phelan Hill – Leander Club. On 19 April 2014, Glover and Heather Stanning, coached by Paul Thompson, won the women's pair at

This is a document about Head of the River (New South Wales)
  of the River. It is organised by the NSW Combined Independent Schools Sports Council (NSWCISSC) and is the culmination of the Schoolgirls' rowing season. The current (SIRC) record time for the 1st VIII in the Schoolgirl Head of the River is 6:40 set by Queenwood School for Girls on 25 March 2017. The most recent winner of the NSW Schoolgirl Head of the River is Pymble Ladies' College. Unlike the boys race, all affiliated schools of the NSWCISSC, NSW Combined High Schools Sports Association (NSWCHSSA), and the NSW Combined Catholic Colleges Sports association (NSWCCCSA), are eligible to nominate their students to compete in the girls regatta. As at 2008, ten of the

This is a document about Maidenhead Rowing Club
  the Head of the River Race, as well as more local events. In the mid 1970s, the club admitted its first female member - Laura Lion (née Jenkinson). The rules of the club had to be changed for her to be admitted. Joining as a junior, Laura experienced a successful career in rowing, and is an active member of the club even in the present day. The club is now equally represented in both genders. Further Henley successes came in the 1980s, when the club experienced a golden age of sorts. Eric Sims won the Double Sculls Challenge Cup

This is a document about Davy Russell
  aiming a blow at the head of his mount, Kings Dolly, when she was playing up before the start of a race. Initially Russell was given a caution; this was later changed to a four-day suspension. At the hearing Russell argued that he had been trying to make the mare concentrate, and he criticised media coverage of the incident. Russell won the 2018 Grand National at Aintree on 14 April on Michael O'Leary's Tiger Roll. At 38, Russell was the oldest jockey in the race, and, at 15.2 hands, Tiger Roll was the smallest horse. It was Russell’s 14th ride in the Grand National. In 2019

This is a document about Native River
  After an absence of almost eleven months, Native River returned to action in the Denman Chase on 10 February 2018. Starting the 8/11 favourite he repeated his 2017 success as he led from the start and won by twelve lengths from Cloudy Dream. The 2018 edition of the Cheltenham Gold Cup attracted a field of fifteen and saw Native River start 5/1 third favourite behind Might Bite (King George VI Chase) and Our Duke (Irish Grand National). The other runners included Red, Djakadam, Tea For Two, Killultagh Vic (Irish Daily Mirror Novice Hurdle), Road To Respect (Leopardstown Christmas Chase), Outlander (Lexus Chase) and Edwulf (Irish Gold Cup).

This is a document about Dipsea Race
  It is a popular race, and thousands of people apply for entry every year. This makes it difficult for people, particularly those who have never run it before, to get accepted into the race. As of June 2019, the defending champion is 62-year-old Brian Pilcher, in his fourth Dipsea victory. The previous ten champions are Chris Lundy (2018, 2017), Diana Fitzpatrick (2013, 2014), Hans Schmid (2012), Jamie Rivers (2007, 2011), Reilly Johnson (age 8, 2010), Roy Rivers (2008), Melody-Anne Schultz (1999, 2003, 2006) Russ Kiernan (1998, 2002, 2005), Shirley Matson (2004, 2001, 2000, 1993) and Sal Vasquez (1982–1985, 1990, 1994, 1997). Jack Kirk, known as the

This is a document about Heather Stanning
  On 14 March 2015 Stanning was part of the composite crew that won the Women's Eights Head of the River Race on the River Thames in London, setting a time of 18:58.6 for the 4 1⁄4-mile (6.8 km) Championship Course from Mortlake to Putney. The crew comprised: Heather Stanning – Army RC; Helen Glover – Minerva-Bath RC; Zoe Lee – Imperial College BC; Katherine Grainger – Marlow RC; Melanie Wilson; Caragh McMurtry – Southampton Coalporters ARC; Olivia Carnegie-Brown – Oxford Brookes University BC; Jessica Eddie – London RC; cox Phelan Hill – Leander Club. On 19 April 2015 Helen Glover and Stanning won the women's pair at the British rowing trials at

This is a document about Jessica Eddie
  On 14 March 2015 Eddie was part of the composite crew that won the Women's Eights Head of the River Race on the River Thames in London, setting a time of 18:58.6 for the 4 1⁄4-mile (6.8 km) Championship Course from Mortlake to Putney. The crew comprised Heather Stanning – Army RC; Helen Glover – Minerva-Bath RC; Zoe Lee – Imperial College BC; Katherine Grainger – Marlow RC; Melanie Wilson; Caragh McMurtry – Southampton Coalporters ARC; Olivia Carnegie-Brown – Oxford Brookes University BC; Jessica Eddie – London RC; cox Phelan Hill – Leander Club. On 19 April 2015 Eddie and Louisa Reeve finished second in women's pair at the British rowing trials at Caversham, behind Helen Glover and Heather Stanning. They were followed by Katie Greves & Zoe Lee.

This is a document about Leeds University Boat Club
  II, 00:19:51.88 110th place, Leeds University A, 00:22:42.57 ; 271st place, Leeds University B, 00:25:38.58 0 gold, 0 silver, 1 bronze ; 36 VL points 1st – Women's Lwt – Emily Holt, 7:29.8 BUCS Regatta 2019: Head of the River Race 2019: Women's Eights Head of the River Race 2018: Head of the River Race 2018: Women's Eights Head of the River Race 2017: Women's Eights Head of the River Race 2016: Head of the River Race 2016: Head of the River Race 2015: Women's Eights Head of the River Race 2013: Head of the River Race 2012: Women's Eights Head of the River Race 2012: BUCS Regatta 2012: British and European Indoor Rowing Championship

This is a document about Denman Chase
 Native River – 2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Johnson – Shooting Light (2004), Farmer Jack (2005), Coneygree (2015), Native River (2018) Paul Nicholls (horse racing) – See More Business (2000), Shotgun Willy (2001), Valley Henry (2003), Kauto Star (2007), Denman (2008), Tricky Trickster (2010), Noland (2011), Silvianaco Conti (2013), Clan Des Obeaux (2019), Secret Investor (2021) Most successful horse (3 wins): Leading jockey (4 wins): Leading trainer (10 wins):

This is a document about Schools' Head of the River Race
  The Schools' Head of the River Race (SHORR) is the UK's largest school-age processional (head rowing) race and is organised by Westminster School for crews aged between 14 and 18 years old. It is held in Spring, the end of the head race season. The race forms a leg of the national kudos of winning a rowing 'triple' in which occasionally an undefeated Junior Eight (J18 8+ or WJ18 8+) wins this race, the National Schools Regatta, and either the Princess Elizabeth Challenge Cup at Henley Royal Regatta or the Peabody Cup at Henley Women's Regatta.

This is a document about Phelan Hill
  On 17 March 2014 Hill coxed the composite crew that won the Women's Eights Head of the River Race on the River Thames in London, setting a record time of 17:42.2 for the 4 1⁄4-mile (6.8 km) Championship Course from Mortlake to Putney. He competed at the 2014 World Rowing Championships in Bosbaan, Amsterdam, where he won a gold medal as part of the eight with Nathaniel Reilly-O'Donnell, Matthew Tarrant, Will Satch, Matt Gotrel, Pete Reed, Paul Bennett, Tom Ransley and Constantine Louloudis.

This is a document about Dustin Johnson
  In January 2018, Johnson won the Sentry Tournament of Champions for the second time, with an eight-stroke victory over Jon Rahm. He began the final round with a two-stroke advantage, but pulled clear of the field with a 65 in the final round for a 24-under-par winning score. Johnson fell one shot short of David Duval's record nine-stroke win at the event in 1999. The win meant that Johnson had won a title in his first 11 straight seasons on the PGA Tour, behind only Tiger Woods (14) and Jack Nicklaus (17). In winning, he also became only the third player in the last 30 years – alongside Woods and Phil Mickelson – to reach 17 PGA Tour wins

This is a document about Phelan Hill
  On 14 March 2015 Hill coxed the composite crew that won the Women's Eights Head of the River Race on the River Thames in London, setting a time of 18:58.6 for the 4 1⁄4-mile (6.8 km) Championship Course from Mortlake to Putney. He was part of the British team that topped the medal table at the 2015 World Rowing Championships at Lac d'Aiguebelette in France, where he won a gold medal as part of the eight with Matt Gotrel, Constantine Louloudis, Pete Reed, Paul Bennett, Moe Sbihi, Alex Gregory, George Nash and Will Satch.

This is a document about Head of the River (New South Wales)
  The AAGPS Head of the River regatta takes place in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia every March at the Sydney International Regatta Centre (SIRC). It is the culmination of the GPS (Great Public Schools) rowing season for senior crews. From 1893 until 1935, the Regatta was held on the Parramatta River in Port Jackson – in early years from Putney to Gladesville and in later years from the Yaralla Estate at Concord to Cabarita. From 1936 until 1996 it was raced on the Nepean River and finishing near the Nepean Bridge. Since 1996 it's been held on the Sydney Olympic course at

The Head of the River in 2018 was won by The King's School with a time of 5:54:47.


Question: who does ryan date in season 4 of the oc

Answer: Taylor

This is a document about List of Castle characters
  Ryan proposes to her in the middle of the homicide bullpen. In the fourth season, he is shown complaining about how stressful and complicated planning a wedding is. His love life and the fact he is in nearly-constant communication with his girlfriend/fiancee makes him subject to much teasing from his partner, so when Esposito begins dating Lanie, he relished turning the tables on his friend. Little is known about Ryan's family except that he grew up in the Bronx with an unknown number of sisters, only one of which has been named and seen in season seven, one of whom has a son, as Ryan makes reference to a nephew who loves the Captain Underpants book series.

This is a document about The O.C.
  to visit Berkeley. Ryan's life is quickly put on hold when, in the season 3 finale, Ryan decides to drive Marissa to the airport, and they are run off the road by Kevin Volchok, Marissa's most recent love affair gone wrong. In the last few minutes of the episode, Ryan pulls Marissa out from the burning car, only to watch her die in his arms. The fourth and final season begins five months after Marissa's death in the car accident. Ryan starts the season in isolation as a broken, grieving man, seeking revenge on Volchok. With the help of Julie, both she and Ryan are able to track Volchok down

This is a document about List of Parenthood characters
  Ryan York (Matt Lauria) is a young soldier who develops a relationship with Amber. In early season four Ryan meets Zeek at a VA support group and they eventually become good friends. Later Ryan meets Amber, Zeek's granddaughter, and the two strike up a friendship. The two are instantly attracted to each other, which the rest of the Braverman family notices. Eventually, Amber and Ryan begin dating and are happy. Amber notices that he can be a little violent and impulsive, but she ignores those who say that Ryan is troubled from his time in war. However, near the end of Season 4, Ryan is called back to his base, and he

This is a document about List of Parenthood characters
  three, she works at a coffee shop before her aunt Kristina offers her an assistant position for Bob Little's campaign. Amber then is promoted to be Bob Little's assistant, but then has a fling with him; Kristina discovers this and is disappointed with her (and loses trust in Little). In season four, she starts working as a receptionist at the Luncheonette, her uncles' recording studio. At Victor Graham's baseball game she meets Ryan York, a young Afghanistan war veteran. The two start in a relationship and are shown to be fairly steady for several episodes. However, after a heated argument about his drinking habits and poor decision-making, Amber breaks

This is a document about Sandy Cohen
  In the fourth season, Sandy helps Ryan sort things out with Kevin Volchok, who was responsible for the death of Marissa and he was also the one who talks Ryan into helping Taylor, who was in the middle of a divorce from her French husband, Henri-Michel. Later in the season, Sandy bumps into a man at the New Year's Eve party and investigates further. The man is revealed to be Ryan's father, Frank Atwood, whom Sandy meets. Frank wants to see Ryan, so Sandy tells Ryan who refuses. Frank tells Sandy that he has cancer so Kirsten invites him to dinner but Sandy is suspicious. It is later revealed Frank lied in

This is a document about The O.C.
  O.C. continues to follow the tumultuous romantic relationships between Ryan and Marissa, Seth and Summer, and Sandy and Kirsten. Josh Schwartz, the show's creator, stated that in Season 2, the show would "no longer be about Ryan's past; now it's going to be about Ryan's future," and that this season would "slow down the storytelling a little bit ... and evolve the characters." For example, the story closely follows Ryan in his advanced physics class, where tension is created between him and another student, Lindsay, who presumes that Ryan will be useless as a lab partner, who thus prevents him from contributing to the work that must be submitted. Ryan's

This is a document about Strokes of Life
  Appeared in Season 4

This is a document about List of Castle characters
  also attended Catholic school for 12 years, as was mentioned during the episode "Knockdown". In the season four finale, "Always", Ryan sides with Castle in stopping Beckett's investigation into her mother's murder in secret, feeling that not going through the proper channels will cost them. This puts him at odds with Esposito, who firmly stands behind Beckett's choice, causing friction within the group. After Castle quits, Beckett and Esposito try to catch the killer by themselves, which causes Ryan to make the painful choice of telling Gates about the secret investigation. Although he was able to save both of them in time, Beckett resigns from the force and Esposito is suspended. Ryan is ignored by Esposito when

This is a document about The Secret Life of the American Teenager
  In season four, Amy and Ricky begin to get closer when Amy and John begin to move in with Ricky in his apartment, which is above the butcher shop. Meanwhile, Ashley leaves to go on a road trip with her friend Toby. Grace goes to Didiju and meets a new guy named Daniel who later becomes her boyfriend. Jack and Madison break up forcing Jack to do all the senior stuff with Grace who he is still in love with. Adrian is depressed as she lost her baby and Ben wants to leave, but doesn't have the heart to do so. Adrian figures out that he wants to leave, and tries to seduce him so she can get pregnant again. Later Adrian sets her goal towards

This is a document about Marissa Cooper
  Ryan Atwood is Marissa's second boyfriend on The O.C. Although extremely on-and-off-again throughout the show's course - their relationship originated as a platonic friendship in the pilot episode, which later escalated into romantic feelings. By the 10th episode of the first season, the couple officially began their romantic relationship. The beginning of this relationship sees its first end when Marissa feels that Ryan has overreacted to Marissa and Oliver Trask's friendship. The second course of Marissa and Ryan's relationship fails because of Theresa Diaz and Ryan's illegitimate child together, whom Ryan agrees to help raise – returning to Theresa's arms and leaving Marissa to return to her alcoholic behavior. The third attempt of Marissa and Ryan's relationship terminates after the suicide of Johnny Harper where they struggle to mourn him and need a break from each other. The couple's last attempt at a relationship ends when Marissa is killed by a drunken Kevin Volchok who sends Ryan and Marissa's car off the road, sending her to her death.

This is a document about The Hills (season 4)
  The fourth season continues as tension builds between housemates Lauren Conrad, Audrina Patridge, and Lo Bosworth. Patridge expresses concern that Bosworth is becoming a distancing factor between herself and Conrad. Before Patridge moves into a separate residence, the women tearfully mend their friendship. However, their friendship is briefly strained after Patridge hears false speculation that Conrad was involved with her on-again/off-again boyfriend Justin Brescia. Conrad became involved in a romantic relationship with her former boyfriend Doug Reinhardt, though the pair eventually separated and instead became friends. As part of her duties with Kelly Cutrone's PR firm People's Revolution, Whitney Port finds herself often travelling to New York City and living a bi-coastal lifestyle. She eventually moves to the city after receiving employment with Diane von Fürstenberg, at which point she is commissioned her own spin-off series The City. Meanwhile, to the dismay of her boyfriend Spencer

This is a document about Lipgloss (TV series)
  The fourth and final season shows the senior year of the students at Linden, including repeater Abby Rickson, who has finally moved on from Jake and Camille. Brent starts courting Louise, but finds competition in his long-time best friend, Chip, to whom he owes a big debt. Julivee gets jealous over Janna, a girl who Caloy meets. Carla tries to move on from Maui. Edge meets a beautiful princess, Ava, whom he falls for. The finale shows the love teams ending up with each other: Abby and Jake, Louise and Brent, Ava and Edge.

This is a document about The O.C.
  maybe even going back to season one." In a review of a later episode, Sepinwall related that Season 4 was a "resurgent season" and that "every "O.C." episode review just turns into a list of things I liked." Belinda Acosta of The Austin Chronicle agreed, praising the show's "new energy" and its ability to successfully cover "the transition between high school and college that other series have stumbled over." Entertainment Weeklys Ken Tucker commented that the fourth season was "a succession of terrific subplots" and praised new main cast member Taylor "as a fine, funny love interest for Ryan." Greg Elwell

This is a document about The Bachelor (American season 21)
  Season 4 Raven Gates, Corinne Olympios, Taylor Nolan, Alexis Waters, Lacey Mark, Kristina Schulman, Danielle Maltby, Danielle Lombard, Christen Whitney, Sarah Vendal, Dominique Alexis, Jaimi King, and Jasmine Goode, returned for season four of Bachelor in Paradise. Olympios quit during week 1 after the production shutdown. Mark had originally quit during week 1 but returned following the shutdown. Maltby quit during week 2, and Schulman in week 3. Waters and Vendal were eliminated during week 2, and Alexis during week 4. During week 4, Lombard split from her partner, Dean Unglert, Whitney split from her partner, Jack Stone, King split from her partner, Diggy Moreland, and Goode split from

This is a document about The Bachelorette (American season 13)
  Season 4 DeMario Jackson was set to appear in the fourth season of Bachelor in Paradise thus became the only cast member of this season has announced. When production restarted after the misconduct allegations had halted production, Jackson did not return for filming. Dean Unglert joined the cast on that season after he was eliminated during hometowns,. Diggy Moreland, Matt Munson, Iggy Rodriguez, Jack Stone, Jonathan Treece, Fred Johnson, Blake Elarbee, and Adam Gottschalk would also appear on season 4. When production restarted, Rodriguez was eliminated in week one. Munson quit in week two. Elarbee and Johnson were eliminated in week three. Unglert, Moreland, Stone, and Treece all quit in week four. Gottschalk left Paradise in a relationship with Raven Gates. Season 5 Bigger and Moreland returned for the fifth season of

This is a document about Being Erica
  her. In season 4, Julianne becomes Erica's second training patient due to her insecurity. She and Brent become closer, which leads to a one-night stand in their office. After Brent expresses his love for her, she realizes that she loves him too and they officially begin dating. Ethan Wakefield (Tyron Leitso) – Ethan is a fourth grade teacher and has been Erica's best friend since their university days. He is introverted and prefers stability and predictability, in contrast to his ex-wife Claire's and Erica's extroverted personalities. In the second episode, he moves next door to Erica after separating from Claire in Montreal after finding out she had

This is a document about List of Dynasty (2017 TV series) characters
  Ryan (portrayed by Lachlan Buchanan) works as a stripper by the name of Scorpio at The Anaconda Club where Fallon holds her bachelorette party in "My Hangover's Arrived". During a night of drinking and drug-infused antics, Ryan marries Sam. The two agree to an annulment the following day, but they decide to stay in touch. In May 2020, showrunner Josh Reims explained his intentions to have Ryan in the remaining episodes of the third season, as well as expressed interest in introducing a possible love triangle between Sam, Ryan, and Sam's married ex-boyfriend Fletcher in a storyline that would potentially play out in the fourth season. Ryan and Sam officially annul their marriage in "That Unfortunate Dinner", but Sam grows skeptical when Ryan lies about his return flight home being canceled. Ryan explains his attempts at a grand

This is a document about Friends
  In the season 4 premiere, after Ross breaks up with Bonnie, he and Rachel briefly reconcile after Ross pretends to read a long letter that Rachel wrote for him. However, Ross continues to insist that the two were on a break when he slept with Chloe, so they break up again. Joey dates Kathy (Paget Brewster), a girl that Chandler has a crush on. Kathy and Chandler later kiss, which causes drama between Chandler and Joey. Joey only forgives Chandler and allows him to date Kathy after Chandler spends Thanksgiving in a box as punishment. Chandler's relationship with Kathy ends after he discovers that she cheated on him due to an argument. Phoebe loses her job as a masseuse

This is a document about Natalia Boa Vista
  came to visit him at a crime scene. They had one date in Season 4, with Ryan going as far as asking Eric's "permission" to date her, but it's clear she was 'not as into him as he was into her,' so they ultimately choose to keep their relationship professional. In spite of this, it is obvious that Natalia became more protective of Ryan and cares about him and being the only one who believes him when the others CSIs doubt him. In Season 8, Wolfe shows mild concern about Natalia's hearing loss from an explosion in a Meth Lab. He

This is a document about List of Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood cast members
  as a guest star in season four. She is dating Cisco, oblivious to the fact that he has a serious girlfriend, Teairra. The two women discover Cisco's betrayal during a heated confrontation at Joe Exclusive's clothing store, which ends with Teairra being dragged out by security after threatening to kill her. Amber joins the supporting cast in season five, which chronicles her musical ambitions and attempts to kickstart a singing career. She collaborates with RoccStar on a track, however he humiliates her at the single launch party by playing her unedited vocals. Later, she reveals that she had dated Marcus years prior, igniting

Ryan dates Amber in season 4 of The O.C.