Question: who wrote the theme song for schindler 's list

Answer: John Williams

This is a document about Schindler's List
  John Williams, who frequently collaborates with Spielberg, composed the score for Schindler's List. The composer was amazed by the film, and felt it would be too challenging. He said to Spielberg, "You need a better composer than I am for this film." Spielberg responded, "I know. But they're all dead!" Itzhak Perlman performs the theme on the violin. In the scene where the ghetto is being liquidated by the Nazis, the folk song Oyfn Pripetshik (אויפֿן פּריפּעטשיק, 'On the Cooking Stove') is sung by a children's choir. The song was often sung by Spielberg's grandmother, Becky, to her grandchildren. The clarinet solos heard in the film were recorded by Klezmer virtuoso Giora Feidman. Williams won an Academy Award for Best Original Score for Schindler's List, his fifth win. Selections from the score were released on a soundtrack album.

This is a document about Schindler's List
  Sidney Sheinberg sent him a book review of Schindler's Ark. Universal Pictures bought the rights to the novel, but Spielberg, unsure if he was ready to make a film about the Holocaust, tried to pass the project to several directors before deciding to direct it. Principal photography took place in Kraków, Poland, over 72 days in 1993. Spielberg shot in black and white and approached the film as a documentary. Cinematographer Janusz Kamiński wanted to create a sense of timelessness. John Williams composed the score, and violinist Itzhak Perlman performed the main theme. Schindler's List premiered on November 30, 1993, in Washington, D.C. and was released on December 15, 1993, in the United States. Often listed among the greatest films ever

This is a document about Schindler's List (soundtrack)
  Schindler's List: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the score album for Steven Spielberg's 1993 film of the same name. Composed and conducted by John Williams, the original score features violinist Itzhak Perlman. The album won the Academy Award for Best Original Score, the BAFTA Award for Best Film Music, and the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media. It also received a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Original Score. Theme from Schindler's List is one of the most recognized contemporary film scores, particularly the violin solo. Many high-level figure skaters have used this in their programs, including Katarina Witt, Irina Slutskaya, Anton Schulepov, Yuna Shiraiwa, Paul Wylie, Johnny Weir, Tatiana Navka, Roman Sadovsky, Satoko Miyahara, Nicole Schott, Jason Brown and Yulia Lipnitskaya.

This is a document about The Happy Wanderer
  euphonic reasons (less military sounding). During WWII, a more military version of the song became immensely popular with the German paratroopers. Although Friedrich-Wilhelm Möller reportedly composed "Mein Vater war ein Wandersmann" shortly after World War II, Steven Spielberg's 1993 historical drama film, Schindler's List, contains a scene in which a group is singing the tune, mixed with another German folk song, in a nightclub during that war. Milton DeLugg wrote an arrangement and is sometimes incorrectly credited as the composer of the song. A number of English-language sources credit Edith Möller and Florenz Siegesmund with writing the words, the implication being (apparently) that they were written at the same time

This is a document about Judith Stapf
  At the age of ten Stapf came across the title melody of Spielberg's film Schindler's List, a violin piece interpreted by Itzhak Perlman by the composer John Williams. Out of interest for the background of the play she made contact with the Holocaust-survivor Jerzy Gross in 2008. The former violinist belonged to the so-called "Schindler's juden", who had worked for the entrepreneur Oskar Schindler and were saved from murder in the extermination camp. The exchange of several years between Stapf and Gross led to the book Spiel mir das Lied vom Leben - Judith und der Junge von Schindlers Liste by Angela Krumpen in 2011. For the Westdeutscher Rundfunk Martin Buchholz documented a common journey to Poland to stations of Gross's suffering. Since 19 November 2015, an Internet website has been in existence that focuses on the encounter between Judith Stapf and Jerzy Gross. In January 2018 she played "Nigun" by Ernest Bloch in the German Bundestag in the commemoration hour for the victims of National Socialism.

This is a document about Schindler's List (soundtrack)
 1) "Theme from Schindler's List" ; 2) "Jewish Town (Krakow Ghetto - Winter '41)" ; 3) "Immolation (With Our Lives, We Give Life)" ; 4) "Remembrances" ; 5) "Schindler's Workforce" ; 6) "Oyfn Pripetshik / Nacht Aktion" (OYF'N Pripetshok performed by The Li-Ron Herzeliya Children's Choir Tel Aviv, conducted by Ronit Shapira) ; 7) "I Could Have Done More" ; 8) "Auschwitz-Birkenau" ; 9) "Stolen Memories" ; 10) "Making the List" ; 11) "Give Me Your Names" ; 12) "Yeroushalaim Chel Zahav (Jerusalem of Gold)" (performed by The Ramat Gan Chamber Choir Tel Aviv, conducted by Hana Tzur) ; 13) "Remembrances (with Itzhak Perlman)" ; 14) "Theme from Schindler's List (Reprise)"

This is a document about Jerusalem of Gold
  The song is featured in the 1993 American film Schindler's List and plays near the end of the film. This caused some controversy in Israel, as the song (which was written in 1967) is widely considered an informal anthem of the Israeli victory in the Six-Day War and has no relationship with the subject matter of the movie. In Israeli prints of the film, the song was replaced with Halikha LeKesariya (lit. "A Walk to Caesarea"), which is universally associated with the Holocaust in Israel and was written by World War II resistance fighter Hannah Szenes in 1942.

This is a document about Schindler's List (soundtrack)
  by Wilhelm Strienz, plays on loudspeakers as the camp inmates are forced to run naked for inspection. ; Mamatschi (or Mamatschi, kauf mir ein Pferdchen), performed by German Cabaret singer Mimi Thoma, played on loudspeakers in the camp to lure the children out of their hiding places and onto trucks ; "God Bless the Child", performed by Billie Holiday plays as Schindler stays awake at night, deciding to buy the imprisoned Jews from Goeth ; "La Capricieuse, Op. 17" by Edward Elgar, arranged by Jascha Heifetz, performed by Itzhak Perlman and Samuel Sanders, used as score for the scene where

This is a document about Irving Berlin
  Irving Berlin (born Israel Beilin; ישראל ביילין; May 11, 1888 – September 22, 1989) was a Russian American composer and lyricist, widely considered one of the greatest songwriters in history. His music forms a great part of the Great American Songbook. Born in Imperial Russia (in the area that is now Belarus), Berlin arrived in the United States at the age of five. He published his first song, "Marie from Sunny Italy", in 1907, receiving 33 cents for the publishing rights,  and had his first major international hit, "Alexander's Ragtime Band", in 1911. He also was an owner of the Music Box Theatre on Broadway. For much of his career

This is a document about Kurt Schindler
  Kurt Schindler (17 February 1882 – 16 November 1935) was a German-born American composer and conductor.

This is a document about Schindler's List
  Schindler's List is a 1993 American epic historical drama film directed and produced by Steven Spielberg and written by Steven Zaillian. It is based on the 1982 non-fiction novel Schindler's Ark by Australian novelist Thomas Keneally. The film follows Oskar Schindler, a German industrialist who saved more than a thousand mostly Polish-Jewish refugees from the Holocaust by employing them in his factories during World War II. It stars Liam Neeson as Schindler, Ralph Fiennes as SS officer Amon Göth and Ben Kingsley as Schindler's Jewish accountant Itzhak Stern. Ideas for a film about the Schindlerjuden (Schindler Jews) were proposed as early as 1963. Poldek Pfefferberg, one of the Schindlerjuden, made it his life's mission to tell Schindler's story. Spielberg became interested when

This is a document about Arnold Schoenberg
  Arnold Schoenberg or Schönberg (, US also ; ; 13 September 1874 – 13 July 1951) was an Austrian-Jewish and American composer, music theorist, teacher, writer, and painter. He is widely considered one of the most influential composers of the 20th century. He was associated with the expressionist movement in German poetry and art, and leader of the Second Viennese School. As a Jewish composer, Schoenberg was targeted by the Nazi Party, which labeled his works as degenerate music and forbade them from being published. He emigrated to the United States in 1933, becoming an American citizen in 1941. Schoenberg's approach, bοth in terms of harmony and development, has shaped much of 20th-century musical thought. Many composers from at least

This is a document about Alexander Frey
  premiere performances of both Bernard Herrmann's music for Alfred Hitchcock's film Vertigo and Franz Waxman's music for the 1941 film Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. He also gave the first public performance of Erich Wolfgang Korngold's music for the 1944 film Between Two Worlds, as well as the European premiere of the Suite from Schindler's List, composed and arranged by John Williams. In Barrie Gavin's documentary film, Erich Wolfgang Korngold-Adventures of Wunderkind: A Portrait and Concert, Frey performs the first public hearing of Korngold's second symphony, composed in Hollywood at the end of the composers life and exists only in piano score, in addition to playing several solo keyboard works and most of

This is a document about Fritz Löhner-Beda
  he composed the famous anthem of the concentration camp, Das Buchenwaldlied ("The Buchenwald Song"): The line wir wollen trotzdem Ja zum Leben sagen was adopted by the Holocaust survivor Viktor Frankl for the German title of his 1946 book Man's Search for Meaning. Even though Löhner-Beda's name appeared in the Nazi Encyclopedia of Jews in Music in 1940, his songs and the Lehár operettas were still performed (but with no mention of their librettist). The circumstances surrounding Franz Lehár possibly attempting to intercede with the Nazis on Löhner-Beda's behalf are clouded. Supposedly, after World War II, Lehár denied any cognizance of Löhner-Beda's concentration-camp imprisonment, but one source states

This is a document about The Best Film... Ever!
  10) Lisbon Story: Madredeus – "Ainda" ; 11) Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone: John Williams – "Hedwig’s Theme" ; 12) Ben-Hur: Miklos Rozsa – "Parade of the Charioteers" ; 13) Finding Neverland: Jan A.P. Kaczmarek – "Impossible Opening" ; 14) Schindler's List: John Williams – "Schindler’s List (Orchestral version)" ; 15) Raiders of the Lost Ark: John Williams – "The Raiders March" ; 16) Ghost: Alex North – "Unchained Melody" ; 17) Batman: Danny Elfman – "The Batman Theme" ; 18) The Magnificent Seven: Elmer Bernstein – Main Theme" ; 19) Gone with the Wind: Max Steiner – Tara's Theme"

This is a document about Role of music in World War II
 Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima, by Krzysztof Penderecki in 1960 ; From Here to Eternity by George Duning and Morris Stoloff was nominated for an Academy Award for best musical score. ; The Hiroshima Symphony, by Erkki Aaltonen in 1949 ; A Survivor from Warsaw, by Arnold Schoenberg describes the horrors of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. ; On The Nameless Height ; Sink the Bismark (sic, later corrected to "Sink the Bismarck"), a 1960 song by Johnny Horton about the sinking of that battleship in 1941. ; Cabaret - Musical produced and directed by Hal Prince in 1966, narrates the Nazi Party

This is a document about Unsere Besten
  Schindler's List 28. Nena, (1960–) pop singer (99 Luftballons). 29. Hans-Dietrich Genscher, (1927–2016) politician. Vice Chancellor (1974–1982) (1982–1992). Foreign Minister (1974–1982) (1982–1992). Minister of Interior (1969–1974). 30. Heinz Rühmann, (1902–1994) film actor (Die Feuerzangenbowle). 31. Harald Schmidt, (1957–) comedian, actor and TV presenter (Die Harald Schmidt Show, Harald Schmidt) 32. Frederick II of Prussia ("Frederick the Great") (1740–1786) king. 33. Immanuel Kant, (1724–1804) philosopher (Critique of Pure Reason) 34. Patrick Lindner, (1960–) singer and TV presenter. 35. Hartmut Engler, (1960–) singer (Pur) 36. Hildegard von Bingen, (1098–1174) nun, writer, poet, philosopher and composer (Ordo Virtutum, Scivias, Liber Divinorum Operum) 37. Heino, (1938–) pop

This is a document about Napoléon (1927 film)
  thought it was "daring" of Gance "to make a song the highpoint of a silent film!" The majority of the film is accompanied by incidental music. For this material, the original score was composed by Arthur Honegger in 1927 in France. A separate score was written by Werner Heymann in Germany, also in 1927. In pace with Brownlow's efforts to restore the movie to something close to its 1927 incarnation, two scores were prepared in 1979–1980; one by Carl Davis in the UK and one by Carmine Coppola in the US. Beginning in late 1979, Carmine Coppola composed a score incorporating themes taken from various sources such as Ludwig van Beethoven, Hector Berlioz, Bedřich Smetana, Felix Mendelssohn

This is a document about The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996 film)
  the characters, especially Frollo, we certainly found a lot of historical parallels to the type of mania he had: the Confederate South, Nazi Germany, take your pick," explained Wise. "Those things influenced our thinking." Producer Don Hahn evaluated that one inspiration for Frollo was found in Ralph Fiennes's performance as Amon Goeth in Schindler's List, who murders Jews yet desires his Jewish maid. For the opening sequence, Disney story veteran Burny Mattinson constructed an effective sequence that covered much exposition, although studio chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg felt something was missing. Following Stephen Schwartz's suggestion to musicalize the sequence, French animators Paul and Gaëtan Brizzi storyboarded the sequence to Menken

This is a document about Cinema of Poland
 1942 Academy Honorary Award (Fantasia, Leopold Stokowski) ; 1954 Academy Award for Best Original Score (Lili, Bronisław Kaper) ; 1983 Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film (Tango, Zbigniew Rybczyński) ; 1994 Academy Award for Best Cinematography (Schindler's List, Janusz Kamiński) ; 1994 Academy Award for Best Production Design (Schindler's List, Allan Starski) ; 1994 Academy Award for Best Production Design (Schindler's List, Ewa Braun) ; 1999 Academy Award for Best Cinematography (Saving Private Ryan, Janusz Kamiński) ; 2000 Academy Honorary Award (Andrzej Wajda) ; 2003 Academy Award for Best Director (The Pianist, Roman Polański) ; 2005 Academy Award for Best Original Score (Finding Neverland, Jan A.P. Kaczmarek) ; 2008 Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film (Peter & the Wolf, Suzie Templeton ) ; 2015 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film (Ida, Paweł Pawlikowski)

John Williams wrote the theme song for Schindler's List.


Question: when was the department of health and human services created

Answer: 1979

This is a document about Health department
  to establish a state board that functioned throughout its state with statewide authority in 1869. At the national level, a simple National Board of Health functioned from 1879-1883, but it was not until 1939 that another federal agency that operated to manage public health on a national level was established, going from a federal agency called the Federal Security Agency that had health functions such as the United States Public Health Service (PHS), and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In 1953, that agency was reorganized and its health functions were elevated to a cabinet-level position to establish the United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW), which was renamed in 1980 to become the current and modern United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).

This is a document about Department of Human Services and Health
  The Department of Human Services and Health was an Australian government department that had existed between December 1993 and March 1996. The Department was created when the Department of Health, Housing, Local Government and Community Services changed its name.

This is a document about United States Department of Health and Human Services
  The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare was renamed the Department of Health & Human Services (HHS) in 1979, when its education functions were transferred to the newly created United States Department of Education under the Department of Education Organization Act. HHS was left in charge of the Social Security Administration, agencies constituting the Public Health Service, and Family Support Administration. In 1995, the Social Security Administration was removed from the Department of Health & Human Services, and established as an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States Government. The 2010 United States federal budget established a reserve fund of more than $630 billion over 10 years to finance fundamental reform of the health care system.

This is a document about Health departments in the United States
  At the national level, a simple National Board of Health functioned from 1879–1883. Not until 1939 was another federal agency established to manage public health on a national level. It went through several iterations a federal agency called the Federal Security Agency that had health functions such as the United States Public Health Service (PHS), and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In 1953, that agency was reorganized and its health functions were elevated to a cabinet-level position to establish the United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW), which was renamed in 1980 to become the current and modern United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).

This is a document about Health departments in the United States
  Government departments responsible for health issues and health services in the United States exist at federal, state and local levels. The first, at city level, were founded in the late 18th century; now many operate at city or county level. State-level work began in the mid-19th century, now every state has one. The federal agency now known as the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS or Health Department) originated in 1939.

This is a document about Health department
 Department of Health and Human Services (HHS, renamed in 1980 from the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW))

This is a document about North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services
  The NCDHHS has its origins in the former North Carolina Department of Human Resources (DHR). The DHR was created in 1971 as an umbrella to consolidate what had been more than 300 free-standing state agencies. The first Secretary of Human Resources, Dr. Lenox Baker, was appointed by Governor Robert W. Scott. The Division of Public Health, an original part of the department, was taken out of the DHR in 1989. Most of its functions were transferred back to the DHR in 1997, when the agency was renamed the Department of Health and Human Services.

This is a document about Health and Welfare Canada
  Canada's original Department of Health was created in 1919. It would merge with the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment in 1928 to form the Department of Pensions and National Health. Soon after, the Department of National Health and Welfare would be established in 1944. In June 1993, Prime Minister Kim Campbell split the department into two separate entities: the portfolio related to health would form Health Canada, while social-development and income-security programs (i.e., the 'welfare' side) would form Human Resources and Labour Canada —which also combined Labour Canada, the employment programs of Employment and Immigration Canada, and the social-development and education programs from the Secretary of State. Within a few months, a new government was elected, after which Human Resources and Labour became known as Human Resources Development Canada.

This is a document about Department of Health and Social Care
  The Department of Health was formally created in 1988 through The Transfer of Functions (Health and Social Security) Order. Like many others, the department with responsibility for the nation's health has had different names and included other functions over time. In the 19th century, several bodies were formed for specific consultative duties and dissolved when they were no longer required. There were two incarnations of the Board of Health (in 1805 and 1831) and a General Board of Health (1854 to 1858) that reported directly into the Privy Council. Responsibility for health issues was also at times, and in part, vested in local health boards and, with the emergence of modern local government, with the Local Government Act Office, part of the Home Office. In the early part of the 20th century, medical assistance was provided through National Health Insurance Commissions. The

This is a document about Department of Health (New Brunswick)
  The department was first established in 1918 as the Department of Health and Labour and gradually grew in importance, splitting in two in 1944 with one section becoming the Department of Health. It began to grow rapidly in the 1960s when Premier Louis Robichaud's equal opportunity program consolidated jurisdiction for health with the province as opposed to local governments and also with the introduction of public medicine in the same decade. The department eventually came to be named the Department of Health and Community Services as it gained responsibility for new programs such as long-term care in nursing homes, local psychological services and so on. On March 23,

This is a document about Department of Education Organization Act
  In the Senate, 69 voted in favor and 22 voted against separating education from the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. In the House of Representatives, 215 voted in favor and 201 voted against. President Carter signed the bill on October 17, 1979. Following the establishment of the Department of Education, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare was renamed the Department of Health and Human Services.

This is a document about New Jersey Department of Health
  The New Jersey Department of Health (NJDOH) is a governmental agency of the U.S. state of New Jersey. New Jersey's State Board of Health was established in 1877. Its administrative functions were vested in the Department of Health, which was created in 1947. In 1996, the latter was renamed the Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS). In 2012, senior services programs moved back into the Department of Human Services, and DHSS again became the Department of Health.

This is a document about United States Department of Health and Human Services
  The United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), is a cabinet-level executive branch department of the U.S. federal government created to protect the health of all Americans and providing essential human services. Its motto is "Improving the health, safety, and well-being of America". Before the separate federal Department of Education was created in 1979, it was called the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW). HHS is administered by the Secretary of Health and Human Services, who is appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the United States Senate. The position is currently held by Xavier Becerra, who was confirmed as secretary on March 18, following his nomination by President Joe Biden. The United States Public Health Service (PHS) is the main division of the HHS and is led by the Assistant Secretary for Health. The United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, the uniformed service of the PHS, is led by the Surgeon General who is responsible for addressing matters concerning public health as authorized by the secretary or by the Assistant Secretary of Health in addition to his or her primary mission of administering the Commissioned Corps.

This is a document about Federal Security Agency
 These components, however, are traceable to the early days of the Republic. On July 16, 1798, President John Adams signed an act creating the Marine Hospital Service to furnish treatment to sick and disabled American merchant seamen. On April 29, 1878, the first Federal Quarantine Act enlarged the Service's responsibilities to include prevention of epidemics from abroad. On August 14, 1912, the name was changed to the Public Health Service (PHS). On May 26, 1930, the Hygienic Laboratory of the Service was redesignated the National Institutes of Health (NIH). PHS was transferred from the Treasury Department to the FSA in 1939. ; Even though the first steps toward public education were taken

This is a document about Department of Health (Australia)
  The first Department of Health was established in 1921 and was the precursor to today's Department of Health. It was dissolved in 1987, when it was merged with the Department of Community Services to form the Department of Community Services and Health. In June 1991, the Department of Health, Housing and Community Services was formed when housing industry programs were transferred from the Department of Industry, Technology and Commerce. In March 1993 the Department of Immigration, Local Government and Ethnic Affairs joined with the Department of Health, Housing and Community Services to form the Department of Health, Housing, Local Government and Community Services. Subsequently, in December 1993,

This is a document about New York City Human Resources Administration
  The Human Resources Administration/Department of Social Services was created on August 15, 1966, by consolidating many of the city's existing social service administrations under Mayor John Lindsay’s Executive Order No. 28. The city agencies combined to form HRA included HRA Central Operations and the Department of Welfare, the Manpower and Career Development Agency, the Community Development Agency, Youth Services Agency and Addiction Services Agency. The Administration initially had two chief officers, the Administrator of the Human Resources Administration and the Commissioner of the Department of Social Services. In 1970, these positions were combined into the office of Commissioner. HRA was initially created as a ‘super-agency,’ housing all of the city's social service programs. In 1993, the Department of Homeless Services (DHS) became a separate city agency, and in 1996 the Administration for Children's Services (ACS) was also separated from HRA.

This is a document about Oklahoma Secretary of Health and Human Services
  The position of Secretary of Health and Human Services was established in 1986 by the Executive Branch Reform Act of 1986. The Act directed to the Secretary to oversee all agencies in the State relating to the public health and assistance programs. The position was dissolved on February 1, 2003, by Governor Brad Henry when he split the post into two separate positions: the Oklahoma Secretary of Health concerned with public health protection and the Oklahoma Secretary of Human Services concerned with providing public assistance programs. The position was re-established by Governor Mary Fallin on January 27, 2011, when she dissolved the separate positions of Health Secretary and Human Services Secretary.

This is a document about United States Public Health Service
  By 1973, PHS's main divisions had been established in a structure substantially similar to today's. The main changes since then have been the Health Resources Administration and Health Services Administration merging into the Health Resources and Services Administration in 1982, and the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration broken up in 1992, with its research functions transferred to the National Institutes of Health, and its services components becoming the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. On May 4, 1980, the Department of Health, Education and Welfare was renamed as the Department of Health and Human Services. In 1995, supervision of the agencies within

This is a document about Secretary of State for Health and Social Services
  The Secretary of State for Health and Social Services was a position in the UK cabinet, created on 1 November 1968 with responsibility for the Department of Health and Social Security. It continued until 25 July 1988 when Department of Health and the Department of Social Security were created. Though when created the position had responsibility for the National Health Service throughout England and Wales, responsibility for the NHS in Wales was transferred to the Secretary of State for Wales in 1969.

This is a document about Wisconsin Department of Health Services
  in 1939, to provide unified administration of all existing welfare functions. Public health and care for the aged were delegated to separate agencies. The executive branch reorganization act of 1967 created the Department of Health and Social Services. In addition to combining public welfare, public health, and care for the aged the Legislature added the Division of Vocational Rehabilitation. The 1960s and 1970s saw an expansion of public welfare and health services at both the federal and state levels. Notable were programs for medical care for the needy and aged (Medical Assistance and Medicare), drug treatment programs, food stamps, Aid to Families with Dependent Children Program (AFDC), and increased regulation of nursing homes and hospitals.

The United States Department of Health and Human Services was created in 1953 when the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare was elevated to a cabinet-level position.


Question: who has the majority in congress right now

Answer: Republican

This is a document about United States
  Leadership in the House includes Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, Majority Leader Steny Hoyer, and Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy. In the 117th United States Congress, the House of Representatives and the Senate are narrowly controlled by the Democratic Party. The Senate consists of 50 Republicans and 48 Democrats with two Independents who caucus with the Democrats, with Vice President Harris, a Democrat, able to break ties. The House consists of 222 Democrats and 211 Republicans. Of state governors, there are 27 Republicans and 23 Democrats. Among the D.C. mayor and the five territorial governors, there are three Democrats, one Republican, and one New Progressive.

This is a document about Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2020 Q4–January 2021)
  leaked showing Trump telling him the election was a fraud and demanding he find "11,780 votes, which is one more than we have." Raffensperger responds that the election results were correct and that Trump's data is wrong. Trump continued to claim voter fraud and said Raffensperger would be a "criminal" if he did not change the election results. ; Nancy Pelosi as the 117th Congress Speaker.jpg ; - style="background:white;" ; colspan="3" | Sunday, January 3 ; The 117th United States Congress convenes with the Democratic Party is retaining their majority in the House of Representatives while the Republican Party is briefly retaining their majority in the

This is a document about New Hampshire House of Representatives
  The current leadership of the house is as follows:

This is a document about 117th United States Congress
  The 117th United States Congress is the current meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives. It convened in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2021, during the final weeks of Donald Trump's presidency, and will end on January 3, 2023. It will meet during the first two years of Joe Biden's presidency. The 2020 elections decided control of both chambers. In the House of Representatives, the Democratic Party retained their majority (albeit reduced from the 116th Congress). In the Senate, the Republican Party briefly held the majority at the beginning of the term. On January 20, 2021, three new Democratic senators (Jon Ossoff and Raphael Warnock of Georgia and Alex Padilla of California) were sworn in, resulting in 50 seats held by Republicans, 48 seats

This is a document about 2020s in United States political history
  The 117th United States Congress is the current meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives. It convened in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2021, during the final weeks of Donald Trump's presidency, and will end on January 3, 2023. It will meet during the first two years of Joe Biden's presidency. The 2020 elections decided control of both chambers. In the House of Representatives, the Democratic Party retained their majority (albeit reduced from the 116th Congress). In the Senate, the Republican Party briefly held the majority at the beginning

This is a document about 2020s in United States political history
  The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives is Nancy Pelosi (D-CA). There are 232 Democrats, 197 Republicans, one independent, and five vacancies (March 2020). The President pro tempore of the United States Senate is Chuck Grassley (R-IA), and the Senate majority leader is Mitch McConnell (R-KY). 53 Senators are Republicans, 45 are Democrats, and two are independents. All senators took office in or before 2019, except Kelly Loeffler (R-GA) who took office on January 6, 2020. President Trump delivered a highly partisan 2020 State of the Union Address on February 4, 2020, that ended with Speaker Pelosi ripping up his speech. The Senate

This is a document about Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives
  Party leaders and whips of the United States House of Representatives, also known as floor leaders, are elected by their respective parties in a closed-door caucus by secret ballot. With the Democrats holding a majority of seats and the Republicans holding a minority, the current leaders are Majority Leader Steny Hoyer, Majority Whip Jim Clyburn, Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy and Minority Whip Steve Scalise.

This is a document about 2018 United States elections
  Party retained control of the United States Senate, making a net gain of two seats and defeating four Democratic incumbents in states that had voted for Trump in 2016. As a result of the 2018 elections, the 116th United States Congress became the first Congress since the 99th United States Congress (elected in 1984) in which the Democrats controlled the U.S. House of Representatives and the Republicans controlled the U.S. Senate. It was also the first midterm election cycle since 1970 in which a sitting president's party made net gains in one chamber of Congress while suffering net losses in

This is a document about United States House of Representatives
  The minority leader heads their party in the House, and the majority leader is their party's second-highest-ranking official, behind the speaker. Party leaders decide what legislation members of their party should either support or oppose. Each party also elects a Whip, who works to ensure that the party's members vote as the party leadership desires. The current majority whip in the House of Representatives is Jim Clyburn, who is a member of the Democratic Party. The current minority whip is Steve Scalise, who is a member of the Republican Party. The whip is supported by chief deputy whips. After the whips, the next ranking official in the House party's leadership is the party conference chair (styled

This is a document about 115th United States Congress
  the 2010 United States Census. The Republican Party retained their majorities in both the House and the Senate, and with Donald Trump being sworn in as President on January 20, 2017, this gave the Republicans an overall federal government trifecta for the first time since the 109th Congress in 2005. Several political scientists described the legislative accomplishments of this Congress as modest, considering that both Congress and the presidency were under unified Republican Party control. According to a contemporary study, "House and Senate GOP majorities struggled to legislate: GOP fissures and the president frequently undermined the Republican agenda. Most notably, clashes within and between the two parties (for example, on healthcare issues) strained old ways of doing business." As of 2021, this is the most recent session of Congress in which:

This is a document about 2018 United States House of Representatives elections
  The 2018 United States House of Representatives elections were held on November 6, 2018, with early voting taking place in some states in the weeks preceding that date. Voters chose representatives from all 435 congressional districts across each of the 50 U.S. states. Non-voting delegates from the District of Columbia and four of the five inhabited U.S. territories were also elected. These midterm elections took place halfway through the term of Republican President Donald Trump. On Election Day, Republicans had held a House majority since January 2011. In the 2018 elections, the Democrats, led by Nancy Pelosi, won control of the House. The Democrats gained a net total of 41 seats from the total number of seats they had won in the 2016 elections. The 41-seat gain was the Democrats' largest gain of House seats since the post-Watergate 1974 elections, when they picked up 49 seats. Upon the opening of the 116th United States Congress, Pelosi was elected as Speaker of the House. Incumbent Republican House Speaker Paul Ryan chose not to run for another term. In November 2018, House Republicans elected Kevin McCarthy as House Minority Leader.

This is a document about Political party strength in U.S. states
  Results of the 2020 Presidential election: Current standings in the U.S. Senate and in the U.S. House as of the 117th Congress:

This is a document about 115th United States Congress
 Republicans had a federal trifecta, ; Republicans controlled the House of Representatives, ; Democrats held any congressional seats in North Dakota, ; Democrats held Senate seats in Florida, Indiana, and Missouri, ; Republicans held a Senate seat in Nevada, ; Republicans held both Senate seats in Arizona, ; Republicans held all congressional seats in Kansas, and ; Republicans held any House seats in Maine. The 115th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States of America federal government, composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 2017, to January 3, 2019, during the final weeks of Barack Obama's presidency and the first two years of Donald Trump's presidency. The seats in the House were apportioned based

This is a document about 1970 United States elections
  majority of America." Despite these White House efforts, the Democratic Party retained its Senate majority and increased its majority in the House. In the House of Representatives, the Democrats picked up twelve seats at the expense of the Republican Party. In the Senate, Republicans picked up two seats and James L. Buckley won election as a member of the Conservative Party of New York. As of 2020, Buckley is the most recent individual to win election to the Senate as a member of a third party and remain affiliated with that party after the election. Until 2018, this was the last midterm election cycle in which a sitting president's party made net gains in one chamber of Congress while suffering net losses in the other chamber.

This is a document about 1920 United States House of Representatives elections
  start for the nation and a disassociation from Europe's political troubles that most voters found appealing. As a result, the Republicans picked up 63 seats in the House of Representatives, with most of the gains coming from Democratic-leaning districts in the big industrial cities and the border states. Many of these districts elected Republican representatives for the only time in decades, and House Democratic leader Champ Clark was among those who lost reelection. Although the South remained solidly Democratic for the most part, the Republicans secured more than 90% of the seats outside the South, which gave them their largest majority of the 20th century and as of 2021, their greatest number of seats ever. The 67th Congress is the most recent in which the Republican Party won greater than a two-thirds majority of seats in either chamber.

This is a document about 113th United States Congress
  during this Congress. The Senate had a Democratic majority, while the House had a Republican majority. This was the last time Democrats held control of the Senate until the 117th Congress in 2021. As of 2021, this was also the most recent time that Senate Democrats, who had a 55-45 majority for most of the 113th Congress, held more than 50 U.S. Senate seats. As of 2021, this is the most recent Congress in which Democrats held any seats in Alaska, Arkansas, or South Dakota, the last in which Democrats held Senate seats in Iowa or North Carolina, and the last in which Democrats held a House seat in West Virginia.

This is a document about 116th United States Congress
 Republicans held Senate seats in Arizona and Colorado, ; Democrats held any congressional seats in Oklahoma and Utah, ; Democrats held a Senate seat in Alabama. ; Democrats held every congressional seat in New Mexico. The 116th United States Congress was the meeting of the 116th legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It convened in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2019, and ended on January 3, 2021, during the final two years of Donald Trump's presidency. Senators elected to regular terms in 2014 finished their terms in this Congress, and House seats were apportioned based on the 2010 Census. In the November 2018 midterm elections, the Democratic Party won a new majority in the House, while the Republican Party increased its majority in the Senate. Consequently, this was the first split

This is a document about Political parties in the United States
  robust national defense measures and improved veterans' benefits. Today, the Republican Party supports an American conservative platform, with further foundations in economic liberalism, fiscal conservatism, and social conservatism. The Republican Party tends to be strongest in the Southern United States and the "flyover states", as well as suburban and rural areas in other states. Since the 2010 midterm elections, the Republicans held a majority in the United States House of Representatives until the 2018 midterms where they lost it to the Democratic Party. Additionally, since the 2014 elections, the Republican Party has controlled the Senate. In 2018, the Republican party had roughly 55 million registered members, making it the second largest party in the United States. In the aftermath of the 2020 United States elections, the GOP lost their senate majority, and Chuck Schumer was appointed Senate Majority Leader in a power-sharing agreement with the Republican Party.

This is a document about 114th United States Congress
  The 114th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States of America federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 2015, to January 3, 2017, during the final two years of Barack Obama's presidency. The seats in the House were apportioned based on the 2010 United States Census. The 2014 elections gave the Republicans control of the Senate and the House for the first time since the 109th Congress. With 248 seats in the House of Representatives and 54 seats in the Senate, this Congress began with the largest Republican majority since the 71st Congress of 1929–1931. As of 2021, this is the most recent session of Congress in which Republicans and Democrats held any seats in New Hampshire and Nebraska, respectively, and the last in which Republicans held a Senate seat in Illinois.

This is a document about 2020s in United States political history
  the term. On January 20, 2021, three new Democratic senators (Jon Ossoff and Raphael Warnock of Georgia and Alex Padilla of California) were sworn in, resulting in 50 seats held by Republicans, 48 seats held by Democrats, and two held by independents who caucus with the Democrats. Effectively, this created a 50–50 split, which had not occurred since the 107th Congress in 2001. With Vice President Kamala Harris serving as the tie breaker in her constitutional role as Senate President, Democrats have control of the Senate, and thereby have full control of Congress for the first time since the 111th Congress ended in 2011.

The Democratic Party has the majority in the United States Congress during the 117th United States Congress, which is currently in session.


Question: where were the beach scenes in chariots of fire filmed

Answer: West Sands , St Andrews

This is a document about St Andrews
   West Sands Beach in St Andrews, Scotland,   served as the set for the opening scene in the movie Chariots of Fire. This scene was reenacted during the 2012 Olympics torch relay. The beach was also featured in the 2012 Summer Olympics Opening Ceremony The 2 mi beach is adjacent to the famous St Andrews Links golf course. Sand dunes on the beach, which have long protected the golf course, are themselves in danger of eroding away, and are the subject of a restoration project.

This is a document about University of St Andrews
 West Sands Beach in St Andrews was used as a location for the film Chariots of Fire (1981), the scene, in which several of the main characters run along the beach, has become widely recognised and one of the most famous scenes in British film history. ; The student hall, Andrew Melville Hall, was used for location shooting of the 2010 film adaptation of Kazuo Ishiguro's novel, Never Let Me Go starring Keira Knightley and Carey Mulligan.

This is a document about Burke & Wills
  high because of Clifford's insistence at filming along the actual path of the expedition. Charlton Heston was once interested in playing Burke but Clifford says he only ever envisioned Jack Thompson in that role. After seeing Chariots of Fire, he wanted Nigel Havers to play Wills, a decision opposed by Actors Equity, but this was overturned at arbitration. Filming started in September 1984 and took 13 weeks. Many of the original locations were used, such as Coopers Creek, because Clifford thought it was important to be as authentic as possible. Additional filming was completed in England some months later. Painter Sidney Nolan came out on set and was the film's official painter.

This is a document about Exodus: Gods and Kings
  Shooting of the film began in October 2013 in Almería, Spain. Additional filming was scheduled at Pinewood Studios, England. Shooting began on October 22 in Tabernas, Almería (Spain) as the first and main location was Ouarzazate (Morocco), and in Sierra Alhamilla. The Red Sea scene was filmed at a beach on Fuerteventura, one of the Canary Islands off the northwest coast of Africa. Shooting lasted 74 days. VFX supervisor Peter Chiang supervised the film's visual effects. He said that "Ridley wanted to convey the sense that everything could be natural phenomenon, like an eclipse or tsunami, not just someone waving a stick at the sea." More than 1,500 visual effects shots were created to digitally bolster the ranks of the Hebrews and to help

This is a document about The Ten Commandments (1923 film)
  The Exodus scenes were filmed at the Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes in northern Santa Barbara County. The film location was originally chosen because its immense sand dunes provided a superficial resemblance to the Egyptian desert. Rumor had it that after the filming was complete, the massive sets – which included four 35 ft Pharaoh statues, 21 sphinxes, and gates reaching a height of 110 feet, which were built by a small army of 1,600 workers – were dynamited and buried in the sand. Instead, the wind, rain and sand at the Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes likely collapsed and buried a large part of the set under the ever-shifting dunes. The statues and sphinxes are in roughly the same place they were during filming. In 2012, archaeologists uncovered the head of one of the prop sphinxes; a 2014 recovery effort showed the

This is a document about Atlantis, the Lost Continent
  Filming started in July 1960. The film had several sequences filmed off Santa Catalina Island, California. The film is notorious for its inclusion of stock footage from other films, including the Oscar-winning Quo Vadis and The Naked Jungle. Props from other film productions were also reused, including the large temple idol from The Prodigal, Krell instrument gauges from Forbidden Planet, and wardrobes from Diane and Ben-Hur. When pointed out to George Pal that there were thousands of years of difference between the various costumes and props, he replied "Who knows"? The special effects and miniature work for Atlantis, the Lost Continent, which uses ancient Greek and Roman-style buildings, temples, the giant crystal ray weapon, the volcano, and showcased

This is a document about Quo Vadis (1951 film)
  very different from the one that Margaret had put together, and there were no insuperable problems. Sam Zimbalist was amazed and delighted that I had all the music ready in three weeks, thanks to the work Margaret and I had already done." ; Numerous Italian locations – as many as 10 – were used in the film. With the exception of the Appian Way, most of these have not been identified, but the final stage of the chariot chase was filmed along Bolgheri's 2000-year-old Viale dei Cipressi (Avenue of Cypresses). This famous landmark in Livorno, Tuscany, is easily recognizable. ; Anthony Mann worked on

This is a document about The Ten Commandments (1923 film)
  of that sphinx to have deteriorated significantly, but a second better-preserved sphinx was discovered and excavated. The effort to locate and excavate the set was the subject of a 2016 documentary, The Lost City of Cecil B. DeMille. The parting of the Red Sea scene was shot in Seal Beach, California. The visual effect of keeping the walls of water apart while the Israelites walked through was accomplished with a slab of Jell-O that was sliced in two and filmed close up as it jiggled. This shot was then combined with live-action footage of Israelites walking into the distance to create the illusion. Portions of the modern story were filmed in San Francisco, with the cathedral building sequence filmed at the then under construction Sts. Peter and Paul Church on Filbert Street and the adjoining Washington Square.

This is a document about Production of Ben-Hur (1959 film)
  said that filming in North Africa (later revealed to be Libya) would begin on March 1, 1958, and that 200 camels and 2,500 horses had already been procured for the studio's use there. The production was then scheduled to move to Rome on April 1, where Andrew Marton had been hired as second unit director and 72 horses were being trained for the chariot race sequence. However, the Libyan government canceled the production's film permit for religious reasons on March 11, 1958, just a week before filming was to have begun. It is unclear whether any second unit filming took

This is a document about Ben-Hur (2016 film)
   The famous chariot race sequence, which runs about 10 minutes, almost exactly the same as in the prior films, was originally planned to be filmed in the Circus Maximus arena in Rome; however, producers were denied access by Italy's national cultural authorities due to fears that the stunts would damage the fragile historic site, which was under restoration at that time. The filming location had been approved by local officials, as well as Rome's mayor, Ignazio Marino, who lamented the decision to deny the producers access, saying, "The aim of the city administration isn't so much to raise revenue in exchange for the use of public

This is a document about Pirates (1986 film)
  Filming began in Tunisia in November 1984. By the time shooting began the budget had blown out to $40 million – Matthau and Polanski each commanded $1 million and the galleon built for the film cost $7–8 million, with $10 million spent on constructing two sound stages. The full scale galleon was built in a shipyard in the port of Port El Kantaoui situated at the city of Sousse, Tunisia, adjacent to the Tarak Ben Ammar Studios, which had been constructed exclusively for this production. An accurate replica above the waterline, but sporting a steel hull and a 400 HP auxiliary engine, the Neptune was and still is entered into the Tunisian naval registry, and is currently a tourist attraction in

This is a document about Edge of Tomorrow
  Production began at Leavesden Studios near London, which Warner Brothers had purchased as a permanent studio site. WB had been renting space there for its production of the Harry Potter films, but had been leaving the sets up permanently for nearly a decade and eventually chose to make the site semi-permanent. The parts with Tom Cruise in the opening scene were filmed in Liman's editing room, with the actor doing his own make-up and hair, leading the director to say it "may be the most independent thing I've ever done." Though Liman intended to film the beach battle on location, the studio instead had a beach set built at the studio site. The set was surrounded by chroma key green screens, which the

This is a document about June Mathis
  For the original production of Ben Hur (1925), Mathis fought the studio over the casting and production for many months. It was her idea to film the $1 million script in Italy; the film would eventually come in just under $4 million. When she arrived the original director Charles Brabin, in his words, refused to let her "interfere". The production troubles were numerous, and due to political troubles engulfing Italy at the time, resulted in disputes and delayed permissions. When the sea battle was filmed near Livorno, Italy, many extras had apparently lied about being able to swim. The first attempt to film the chariot race was on a set in Rome, but there were problems with shadows and the racetrack surface. One of the chariots' wheels came apart and the stuntman driving it was thrown in the air and killed. MGM inherited the production when it took over

This is a document about Magadheera
  was present on the chariot, Ravinder measured a short person and designed a hidden chamber in which he could sit and secretly control the horses. While the chariot race sequence was shot in Dholavira, the sequence in which the chariot sinks in quicksand was shot at a set comprising three acres in Ramoji Film City. K. K. Senthil Kumar scouted for locations in Gujarat, looking for dry, open lands to shoot the chariot race sequence. They found salt lands with white sands in Dholavira. To shoot the sequence there, they wanted a light weight vehicle to follow the horses; they bought a Maruti van, removed the vehicle's top

This is a document about Ben-Hur (1959 film)
  on March 1, 1958, and that 200 camels and 2,500 horses had already been procured for the studio's use there. The production was then scheduled to move to Rome on April 1, where Andrew Marton had been hired as second unit director and 72 horses were being trained for the chariot race sequence. However, the Libyan government canceled the production's film permit for religious reasons on March 11, 1958, just a week before filming was to have begun. It is unclear whether any second unit filming took place in Israel. A June 8, 1958, report in The New York Times said second unit director Andrew Marton had roamed "up and down the countryside" filming footage. However, the American Film Institute claims the filming

This is a document about Chariots of Fire
  The beach scenes showing the athletes running towards the Carlton Hotel at Broadstairs, Kent, were shot in Scotland on West Sands, St Andrews next to the 18th hole of the Old Course at St Andrews Links. A plaque now commemorates the filming. The lasting impact of these iconic scenes (as the athletes run in slow motion to Vangelis's music) prompted Broadstairs town council to commemorate them with their own seafront plaque. All of the Cambridge scenes were actually filmed at Hugh Hudson's alma mater Eton College, because Cambridge refused filming rights, fearing depictions of anti-Semitism. The Cambridge administration greatly regretted the decision after the film's enormous success. Liverpool Town Hall was the setting for the scenes depicting the British Embassy in Paris. The Colombes Olympic Stadium in Paris was represented by the Oval Sports Centre, Bebington, Merseyside. The nearby Woodside ferry terminal was used to represent the embarkation scenes set in Dover. The railway station scenes were filmed in York, using locomotives from the National Railway Museum. The scene depicting a performance of The Mikado was filmed in the Royal Court Theatre, Liverpool, with members of the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company who were on tour.

This is a document about Pharaoh (film)
  Pharaohs production took three years, beginning in the fall of 1962 with the setting up of a studio in Łódź which did in-depth studies of the costumes and realia of life in ancient Egypt. Filming took place in Europe, Asia and Africa. Most of the indoor scenes of the pharaoh's palace, the temples and the Labyrinth were shot at the Łódź studio. The Warsaw River Shipyard built an Egyptian ship according to drawings from 4,000 years ago. An artificial island was created on Lake Kirsajty, near Giżycko, Poland, and planted with palms and lotus for the scene involving Ramses' row on the Nile with Sara. Mass scenes were filmed mainly

This is a document about Ben-Hur (2016 film)
  The Passion of the Christ was filmed. Exterior shooting lasted for two months, and finished in early April 2015. Production then moved to Cinecittà Studios, where interior shooting took place for four months, including the chariot scene, among others. Around 2,000 extras were used throughout the film. In March 2016, Adam Sidman, an associate of Timur Bekmambetov, sent a request to the Bureau of Land Management's South Coast in Palm Springs, which oversees federal land in the Coachella Valley area, asking if the team can shoot a horse scene in the Painted Canyon, which is off Box Canyon Road, with two horses, several cameras, and a

This is a document about José do Egito
  Shooting includes scenes recorded in the Atacama Desert in Chile, Egypt and Israel. For the scenery two cities were built representing Avaris, and Hebron.

This is a document about Murphy's War
  filming at Pinewood Studios, Iver Heath and Twickenham Film Studios, Middlesex, England. Deeley described the shoot as the toughest of his career and it led to the breakup of his partnership with Peter Yates, with whom he had made several films. The scenes filmed in Malta depict the burning of the merchant ship, after it has been torpedoed by the U-boat. For these particular scenes O'Toole was called upon to swim through water afire with oil and with explosives going off right and left of him. "I used to do all my own stunts when I first started" he said. "I made

The beach scenes in "Chariots of Fire" were filmed at West Sands Beach in St Andrews, Scotland.


Question: where does the nursery rhyme ring around the rosie come from

Answer: Connecticut in the 1840s

This is a document about Ring a Ring o' Roses
  "Ring a Ring o' Roses", "Ring a Ring o' Rosie", or (in the United States) "Ring Around the Rosie" is originally an English nursery rhyme or folksong and playground singing game. It first appeared in print in 1881, but it is reported that a version was already being sung to the current tune in the 1790s and similar rhymes are known from across Europe. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 7925. The lyrics vary, but a modern interpretation based on modern lyrics that related the words to the plague in England became widespread post WWII, even though it appears to be a false folk etymology.

This is a document about Shoots and Ladders (song)
  "It was written because all these little kids sing these nursery rhymes and they don't know what they originally meant. Everyone is so happy when singing 'Ring Around the Rosie' but it is about the Black Plague. All of them have these evil stories behind them." – Jonathan Davis

This is a document about Ring a Ring o' Roses
 *Some versions replace "Ashes! Ashes!" with "Red Bird Blue Bird", or with "Green Grass-Yellow Grass". It is unknown what the earliest version of the rhyme was or when it began. Many incarnations of the game have a group of children form a ring, dance in a circle around a person, and stoop or curtsy with the final line. The slowest child to do so is faced with a penalty or becomes the "rosie" (literally: rose tree, from the French rosier) and takes their place in the center of the ring. Variations, corruptions, and vulgarized versions were noted to be in use long before the earliest

This is a document about Childlore
  one another through guided instructions, which facilitate effective and engaged interactions contributing directly to their social development. For example, the nursery rhyme "Ring Around the Rosie" involves children dancing around in a circle as they recite a short and catchy rhyme: “Ring-a-ring-a-rosies A pocket full of posies Ashes, ashes We all fall down! Simply, participating in these interactions in connections between movement and rhymes can allow children to engage with others, promoting social skills. Also, generally, nursery rhymes tend to involve repeated interactions between characters of all ages, genders, shapes and sizes. In this way, a child gradually develops an acceptance

This is a document about Ring a Ring o' Roses
  represents the 'rosie' (rose-tree; French, rosier)." An 1883 collection of Shropshire folk-lore includes the following version: A ring, a ring o' roses, A pocket-full o' posies; One for Jack and one for Jim and one for little Moses! A-tisha! a-tisha! a-tisha! On the last line "they stand and imitate sneezing". A manuscript of rhymes collected in Lancashire at the same period gives three closely related versions, with the now familiar sneezing, for instance: A ring, a ring o' roses, A pocket full o' posies – Atishoo atishoo we all fall down. In 1892, folklorist Alice Gomme could give twelve versions.

This is a document about Colchester
  Colchester is reputed to be the home of three of the best known English nursery rhymes: 'Old King Cole', 'Humpty Dumpty' and 'Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star', although the legitimacy of all three claims is disputed. Local legend places Colchester as the seat of King Cole (or Coel) of the rhyme Old King Cole, a legendary ancient king of Britain. The name Colchester is from Latin: the place-name suffixes chester, cester, and caster derive from the Latin word castrum (fortified place). In folk etymology the name Colchester was thought of as meaning Cole's Castle, though this theory does not have academic support. In the legend Helena, the daughter of Cole, married

This is a document about Ring a Ring o' Roses
  then exclaim it together, "suiting the action tothe word with unfailing hilarity and complete satisfaction". In his Games and Songs of American Children (1883), William Wells Newell reports several variants, one of which he provides with a melody and dates to New Bedford, Massachusetts around 1790: Ring a ring a Rosie, A bottle full of posie, All the girls in our town Ring for little Josie. Newell writes that "[a]t the end of the words the children suddenly stoop, and the last to get down undergoes some penalty, or has to take the place of the child in the centre,

This is a document about Sally Go 'Round the Roses
  The producer of "Sally Go 'Round the Roses", Abner Spector, was an A&R man for the Chicago-based Chess Records. Spector was responsible for The Corsairs' 1962 number 12 hit "Smoky Places", which had been released on Tuff, a subsidiary of J&S Records. In the summer of 1963, Spector asked J&S owner, Zelma "Zell" Sanders, to assemble a vocal ensemble to record a girl group style record, to which end Sanders wrote the song "Sally ... " with Spector's wife Lona Stevens, drawing inspiration from the nursery rhyme "Ring around the Rosie". The songwriting copyright for "Sally ... " is now in the name of Abner Spector who died in 2010;

This is a document about East End of London
  In 1360, Geoffrey Chaucer, then living in the City Wall's Aldgate gatehouse, recorded a pre-existing bell-founding industry, outside the wall in the Aldgate\Whitechapel area. Two of the six sets of bells featured in the Nursery rhyme Oranges and Lemons are in the East End (Whitechapel and Shoreditch), as well as that symbol of the East End - Bow Bells (at St Mary-le-Bow on Cheapside, within the former walls and therefore outside of the East End). Older versions of the rhyme include the bells at Aldgate, though this may instead reference the bell founding industry in that area. The Shoreditch bells that feature in the rhyme are used to represent Shoreditch in

This is a document about Ring a Ring o' Roses
  housed in a hospital in Roosevelt Island, New York (then known as "Blackwell's Island"): "Then the little girls began to seek their own amusements. They played 'hide and seek', 'ring, ring a rosy', and a thousand wild and pretty games". Another early printing of the rhyme was in Kate Greenaway's 1881 edition of Mother Goose; or, the Old Nursery Rhymes: Ring-a-ring-a-roses, A pocket full of posies; Hush! hush! hush! hush! We're all tumbled down. In 1882, Godey's Lady's Book has the following version: Ring around a rosy Pocket full of posies. One, two, three—squat! Before the last line, the children stop

This is a document about Ring a Ring o' Roses
  In 1898, A Dictionary of British Folklore contained the belief that an explanation of the game was of pagan origin, based on the Sheffield Glossary comparison of Jacob Grimm's Deutsche Mythologie. The theory states that it is in reference to Pagan myths and cited a passage which states, "Gifted children of fortune have the power to laugh roses, as Freyja wept gold." It claimed the first instance to be indicative of pagan beings of light. Another suggestion is more literal, that it was making a "ring" around the roses and bowing with the "all fall down" as a curtsy. In 1892, the American writer, Eugene Field wrote a poem titled Teeny-Weeny that specifically referred to fay folk playing ring-a-rosie. According to Games and Songs of American Children, published in 1883, the "rosie" was a reference to the French word for rose tree and the children would dance and stoop to the person in the center. Variations, especially more literal ones, were identified and noted with the literal falling down that would sever the connections to the game-rhyme. Again in 1898, sneezing was then noted to be indicative of many superstitious and supernatural beliefs across differing cultures.

This is a document about Ring a Ring o' Roses
  publications. One such variation was dated to be in use in Connecticut in the 1840s. Common British versions include: Ring-a-ring o' roses, A pocket full of posies, A-tishoo! A-tishoo! We all fall down. Common American versions include: Ring-a-round the rosie, A pocket full of posies, Ashes! Ashes! (*see note below) We all fall down. Common Indian versions include: Ringa ringa roses, Pocket full of posies Husha busha! We all fall down! Common Māori versions include: Ring-a-round the roses, A pocket full of posies, Kohuru! Kohuru! We all fall down. The last two lines are sometimes varied to: Hush! Hush! Hush! Hush! We've all tumbled down.

This is a document about Nursery rhyme
   A nursery rhyme is a traditional poem or song for children in Britain and many other countries, but usage of the term dates only from the late 18th/early 19th century. The term Mother Goose rhymes is interchangeable with nursery rhymes. From the mid-16th century nursery rhymes begin to be recorded in English plays, and most popular rhymes date from the 17th and 18th centuries. The first English collections, Tommy Thumb's Song Book and a sequel, Tommy Thumb's Pretty Song Book, were published by Mary Cooper in 1744. Publisher John Newbery's stepson, Thomas Carnan, was the first to use the term Mother Goose for nursery rhymes when he published a compilation of English rhymes, Mother Goose's Melody, or, Sonnets for the Cradle (London, 1780).

This is a document about Mary, Mary, Quite Contrary
  No proof has been found that the rhyme was known before the 18th century, while Mary I of England (Mary Tudor) and Mary, Queen of Scots (Mary Stuart), were contemporaries in the 16th century. Like many nursery rhymes, it has acquired various historical explanations. One theory is that it is religious allegory of Catholicism, with Mary being Mary, the mother of Jesus, bells representing the sanctus bells, the cockleshells the badges of the pilgrims to the shrine of Saint James in Spain (Santiago de Compostela) and pretty maids are nuns, but even within this strand of thought there are differences of opinion as to whether it is lament for the reinstatement of Catholicism or for its persecution. Another theory sees the rhyme as connected to Mary, Queen of Scots (1542–1587), with "how does your garden grow" referring to her reign over her realm, "silver bells" referring to (Catholic) cathedral

This is a document about Colchester
  says that Humpty Dumpty was a cannon on the top of the church. The church of St Mary-at-the-Walls still retains its Norman tower until the top few feet, which are a Georgian repair. The third rhyme said to have come from Colchester is Twinkle Twinkle Little Star, which was written by Jane Taylor who lived in the town's Dutch Quarter, and published in 1806 with the title "The Star". Colchester has also been suggested as one of the potential sites of Camelot, on account of having been the capital of Roman Britain and its ancient name of Camulodunum: this is not considered likely by academics, as in Arthurian times Colchester

This is a document about Traditional rhyme
  A traditional rhyme is generally a saying, sometimes a proverb or an idiom, couched in the form of a rhyme and often passed down from generation to generation with no record of its original authorship. Many nursery rhymes may be counted as traditional rhymes. Examples of a traditional rhyme include the historically significant Ring Around the Rosie, the doggerel love poem Roses Are Red, and the wedding rhyme Something old, something new. However, traditional rhymes are not necessarily ancient. As an example, the schoolchildren's rhyme commonly noting the end of a school year, "no more pencils, no more books, no more teacher's dirty looks," seems to be found in literature no earlier than the 1930s—though the first reference to it in that decade, in a 1932 magazine article, deems it, "the old glad song that we hear every spring."

This is a document about Singing game
  Some children's singing games may have their origins in circle dances, including "Here We Go Round the Mulberry Bush". The simplest, and perhaps the best known, circle dance is "Ring a Ring o' Roses".

This is a document about Round and Round the Garden
  The rhyme was first collected in Britain in the late 1940s. Since teddy bears did not come into vogue until the twentieth century it is likely to be fairly recent in its current form, but Iona and Peter Opie suggest that it is probably a version of an older rhyme, "Round about there":

This is a document about Yankee Doodle
  The tune of "Yankee Doodle" is thought to be much older than the lyrics, being well known across western Europe, including England, France, Netherlands, Hungary, and Spain. The melody of the song may have originated from an Irish tune "All the way to Galway" in which the second strain is identical to Yankee Doodle. The earliest words of "Yankee Doodle" came from a Middle Dutch harvest song which is thought to have followed the same tune, possibly dating back as far as 15th-century Holland. It contained mostly nonsensical words in English and Dutch: "Yanker, didel, doodle down, Diddle, dudel, lanther, Yanke viver, voover vown, Botermilk und tanther." Farm laborers in Holland were paid "as much buttermilk (Botermilk) as they could drink, and

This is a document about Ring a Ring o' Roses
   A German rhyme first printed in 1796 closely resembles "Ring a ring o' roses" in its first stanza and accompanies the same actions (with sitting rather than falling as the concluding action): Ringel ringel reihen, Wir sind der Kinder dreien, Sitzen unter'm Hollerbusch Und machen alle Husch husch husch! Loosely translated this says "Round about in rings / We children three/ Sit beneath an elderbush / And 'Shoo, shoo, shoo' go we!" The rhyme (as in the popular collection Des Knaben Wunderhorn) is well known in Germany and has many local variants. Another version runs Ringel, Ringel, Rosen, Schöne Aprikosen, Veilchen blau, Vergissmeinnicht, Alle Kinder setzen sich! - "A ring, a ring o' roses,/ Lovely apricots,/ Violets blue, forget-me-nots,/ Sit down, children all!" Swiss versions have the children dancing round a rosebush. Other European singing games with a strong resemblance include "Roze, roze, meie" ("Rose, rose, May") from

The origin of the nursery rhyme "Ring Around the Rosie" is not definitively known. It first appeared in print in 1881, but there are various theories about its origins, including that it is related to the Black Death or that it is a playground game. The rhyme has been interpreted as having a hidden meaning, such as being about the Black Death or the plague. However, there is no concrete evidence to support any of these theories, and the true origin of the rhyme remains a mystery.


Question: when did ed sheerans first album come out

Answer: 2011

This is a document about Ed Sheeran discography
  English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran has released four solo studio albums, one collaboration album, seventeen extended plays, one video album, forty-three singles, including seventeen singles as a featured artist, seven promotional singles, one box set, and 71 music videos, 12 of which have been UK number-ones. Originally an indie artist selling music independently on his own label starting in 2005, Sheeran released nine EPs, steadily gaining public and critical acclaim, resulting in his signing to Atlantic Records in January 2011. Five months later, Sheeran released his first single, "The A Team", on 12 June 2011. It debuted at No. 3 on the UK Singles Chart with first-week sales of 57,607 copies. The track attained international chart success,

This is a document about List of awards and nominations received by Ed Sheeran
  Ed Sheeran is an English singer-songwriter. He began recording in 2005 and moved to London in 2008 to pursue a music career. In early 2011, he released his eighth independent extended play, No. 5 Collaborations Project; with it, Sheeran gained mainstream attention. Three months later, Sheeran was signed to Asylum/Atlantic Records. Sheeran broke through commercially in June 2011, when his debut single, "The A Team", debuted at No. 3 on the UK Singles Chart. Buoyed by the chart success of the singles, "The A Team" and "Lego House", his debut album, +, has been certified sextuple platinum in the United Kingdom. In 2012, he won two BRIT Awards for Best British Male Solo Artist, and British Breakthrough of the Year, while "The A Team" also won the Ivor Novello Award for Best Song Musically and Lyrically.

This is a document about + (album)
  + (pronounced "plus") is the debut studio album by English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran. It was released on 9 September 2011 by Asylum Records and Atlantic Records. The album is considered Sheeran's commercial breakthrough. He previously released five EPs independently. Jake Gosling and Sheeran produced the majority of the album, with additional production by American hip hop producer No I.D. Media interest surrounding + was heightened by its two preceding singles—"The A Team" and "You Need Me, I Don't Need You"—which peaked at numbers three and four on the UK Singles Chart, respectively. "Lego House" was released on 11 November 2011 as the album's third single and matched the chart success of its predecessors, peaking at number five

This is a document about ÷ (album)
  ÷ ("Divide") is the third studio album by English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran. It was released on 3 March 2017 through Asylum Records and Atlantic Records. "Castle on the Hill" and "Shape of You" were released as the album's lead singles on 6 January 2017. The album won the Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album at the 60th Annual Grammy Awards. The album was number one in the United Kingdom, selling 672,000 copies in its first week, making it the fastest-selling album by a male solo artist there and the highest opening behind Adele's 25 and Oasis' Be Here Now. It also topped

This is a document about = (album)
  = (pronounced and subtitled "equals") is the fourth studio album by English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran, released on 29 October 2021 by Asylum and Atlantic Records. The Christmas edition of the album was released on 3 December 2021. It contains a sole guest appearance from fellow English singer-songwriter Elton John, while the standard edition does not have any guest appearances. The album was supported by three singles "Bad Habits", "Shivers", and "Overpass Graffiti", and one promotional single, "Visiting Hours". For the Christmas edition, it adds the single "Merry Christmas", a duet with John. The album received mixed reviews from music critics, who compared it unfavorably to the works of Canadian singer-songwriter the Weeknd. The album reached number one in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Scotland, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

This is a document about Ed Sheeran discography
  the top ten in numerous countries including Australia and New Zealand, where it peaked at No. 2 and No. 3 respectively. The release was succeeded by a second single, "You Need Me, I Don't Need You", in August 2011, which peaked at No. 4 in the United Kingdom. Sheeran released his major label debut studio album, +, on 9 September 2011. In its first week, + debuted at No. 1 on the UK Albums Chart, selling over 100,000 copies in its first week and was certified 7× Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry for sales of 2.1 million copies. The album spawned a further three singles, including "Lego House", which reached the top five in Australia,

This is a document about X (Ed Sheeran album)
  × (pronounced "multiply") is the second studio album by English singer-songwriter, Ed Sheeran. It was released on 20 June 2014 in Australia and New Zealand, and worldwide on 23 June through Asylum Records and Atlantic Records. The album received positive reviews from music critics. It was an international commercial success, peaking at No. 1 in 15 countries, while topping both the UK Albums Chart and the US Billboard 200. x also reached the top five in seven other countries and was the best selling album of 2014 in Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. Five singles were released from the album: "Sing", "Don't", "Thinking Out Loud", "Bloodstream" (a collaboration with Rudimental), and "Photograph". The lead single, "Sing", became Sheeran's

This is a document about Ed Sheeran
  Edward Christopher Sheeran (born 17 February 1991) is an English singer-songwriter. Born in Halifax, West Yorkshire, he was brought up in Framlingham, Suffolk and began writing songs around the age of eleven. In early 2011, Sheeran independently released the extended play, No. 5 Collaborations Project. He signed with Asylum Records the same year. Sheeran's debut album, + (pronounced "plus"), was released in September 2011 and topped the UK Albums Chart. It contained his first hit single "The A Team". In 2012, Sheeran won the Brit Awards for Best British Male Solo Artist and British Breakthrough Act. Sheeran's second studio album, × (pronounced "multiply"), topped charts around the world upon its release in June 2014. It was named the second-best-selling album worldwide of 2015.

This is a document about Ed Sheeran
  On 13 December 2016, after a year long hiatus and social media break, Sheeran tweeted a picture and changed his Twitter, Facebook and Instagram to a light blue, implying the release of a new album – each of Sheeran's previous albums were a single coloured background with a solid mathematical symbol. On 2 January, he posted a 10-second video on Twitter and other social media showing what was the cover design of his forthcoming album entitled ÷ (pronounced "divide") which was released on 3 March 2017. The album debuted at number one in the UK, the US, Germany, Australia, Canada and other major markets. With first week sales of

This is a document about Ed Sheeran discography
  "Don't", "Thinking Out Loud", "Bloodstream" (a collaboration with Rudimental), and "Photograph". × was also the best-selling album of the year in the UK, with almost 1.7 million copies sold. Sheeran released two singles, "Shape of You", "Castle on the Hill", his first solo material in two years, on 6 January 2017. His third studio album, ÷, followed on 3 March 2017. It debuted at No. 1 in 14 countries, including the UK, where it sold 672,000 units in its first week to become the fastest-selling album by a male solo artist there and the third-highest opening ever (behind Adele's 25 and Oasis' Be Here Now). It also topped the charts in the US, Canada, and

This is a document about Dua Lipa (album)
  Dua Lipa is the debut studio album by the English singer Dua Lipa. Originally intended to be released in September 2016, the album was released through Warner Bros. Records on 2 June 2017, following several delays in order to add new songs. Lipa had relocated from Kosovo to London at the age of fifteen to pursue a career in music. She took a gap year after finishing school and used social media as a platform to begin, influenced by the discovery of Justin Bieber. After working as a model and waitress, she was introduced to Ben Mawson of TAP Management, who signed the singer to a

This is a document about First Times
  On 19 August 2021, Sheeran announced his fourth studio album, =, in which the song is listed on the tracklist. On 29 October 2021, "First Times" was released alongside other album tracks that appeared on the album =.

This is a document about Official Audio Streaming Chart
  the rebranded chart was "Sing" by Ed Sheeran. The chart was first launched on 14 May 2012. Its first number one was "Call Me Maybe" by Carly Rae Jepsen. At the time of the chart's launch, the most streamed artist of the year was Ed Sheeran. Sheeran remarked that streaming services had "always been an important way for [him] to get music out to [his] fans". Martin Talbot, managing director of the OCC, stated that the chart represented "a true coming-of-age moment for music streaming in the UK". In 2015, an Official Albums Streaming Chart was launched. This uses the same streaming sources as the Official Audio Streaming Chart to measure how many times albums have been streamed each week.

This is a document about I'm a Mess (Ed Sheeran song)
  Following the release of his debut studio album, +, in 2011, Sheeran started writing material for his next release. Instead of rush-run and launch an album the next year, the singer decided to take time and focus on writing material that would help expand his career in the United States, like fellow British musician Adele and band Coldplay. "I'm a Mess" premiered on 22 June 2014 via MTV, a day before the release of ×, his second album in the United Kingdom and the United States. The track together with "Thinking Out Loud" were the last songs he wrote for × and were inspired by his then-girlfriend, Athina Andrelos. On 16 July 2014, during the album unveiling in a room in

This is a document about Electric Light Orchestra
  Ed Sheeran, who introduced them as "A man and a band who I love". On 10 September 2015, it was announced that a new ELO album would be released. The album was to be under the moniker of Jeff Lynne's ELO, with the band signed to Columbia Records. Alone in the Universe was released on 13 November 2015. The album was ELO's first album of new material since 2001's Zoom. The first track, and single, "When I Was a Boy" was made available for streaming on the same day and a music video for the song was also released.

This is a document about Ed Sheeran
  the same year, × won Album of the Year at the 2015 Brit Awards, and he received the Ivor Novello Award for Songwriter of the Year from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors. A single from ×, "Thinking Out Loud", earned him the 2016 Grammy Awards for Song of the Year and Best Pop Solo Performance. Sheeran's third album, ÷ (pronounced "divide"), was released in March 2017, and was the best-selling album worldwide of 2017. The first two singles from the album, "Shape of You" and "Castle on the Hill", broke records in a number of countries by debuting in the top two positions of the charts. He also became the first artist to have two songs debut in the US

This is a document about First Times
  "First Times" is a song by English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran from his fifth studio album = (2021), appearing as the third track on its tracklisting. It was written and produced by Sheeran, Johnny McDaid and Fred. After the album's release, it charted at number 31, 50, 33, 126, 27 and 52 on Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, New Zealand and Sweden, respectively as well as charting at number 48 on the Global 200.

This is a document about List of songs recorded by Ed Sheeran
  "plus"), in 2011. The album included songs such as "You Need Me, I Don't Need You", "Lego House", and "Give Me Love". Sheeran released his second studio album x (pronounced "multiply") in 2014. The album spawned the hits "Thinking Out Loud", "Photograph", "Don't" and included the track "I See Fire", also included on the soundtrack for second installment of The Hobbit film series. Sheeran's third studio album, ÷ (pronounced "divide"), was released in 2017. The album release was preceded by the singles "Castle on the Hill" and "Shape of You". It also included other major hits, such as "Perfect", "Galway Girl", and "Happier". The accompanying concert tour became the

This is a document about List of songs recorded by Ed Sheeran
  English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran has recorded songs for five studio albums and 17 EPs. Before releasing his first studio album, Sheeran released eight EPs while not being signed by a label, titled The Orange Room, Ed Sheeran, Want Some?, You Need Me, Loose Change, Songs I Wrote with Amy, Live at the Bedford, and No.5 Collaborations Project, with the latter gaining mainstream attention for having reached number 2 in the iTunes chart without any promotion or label, selling over 7,000 copies in the first week. Later that year, Sheeran was signed to Asylum Records. "The A Team" was released as the lead single for Sheeran's first studio album, +

This is a document about British popular music
  Sweden, and number two in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, Norway and the United States. In the same year, Ed Sheeran's second album x charted at number one in twelve countries, topping both the UK Albums Chart and the US Billboard 200, and reaching the top 5 in eleven other countries. Also in 2014, One Direction's album Four reached number 1 in the UK, became the top charted album on iTunes in 67 countries and debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard 200 chart in the US. As a consequence, One Direction became the first band to reach number one on the US Billboard chart with each of their first four albums, British or otherwise.

Ed Sheeran's first album, "+" (pronounced "plus"), was released on 9 September 2011.