Question: who gave the first permission to east india company to trade in india

Answer: Queen Elizabeth I

This is a document about Madras Presidency
  On 31 December 1600, Queen Elizabeth I of England (1533–1603) granted a group of English merchants a charter to establish a joint-stock company which became known as the East India Company. Subsequently, during the reign of King James I (1567–1625), Sir William Hawkins and Sir Thomas Roe were sent to negotiate with the Mughal Emperor Jahangir (1569–1627) to permit the establishment of trading factories in India on behalf of the company. The first of these were built at Surat on the west coast and at Masulipatam on the country's eastern seaboard. Masulipatam is thus the oldest English trading post on India's east coast, dating back to 1611. In 1625, another factory was established at Armagon, a few miles to the south, whereupon both the factories came under the supervision of an agency based at Machilipatam. The

This is a document about History of colonialism
  The English East India Company had been given permission by the Mughal emperor Jahangir in 1617 to trade in India. Gradually the company's increasing influence led the de jure Mughal emperor Farrukh Siyar to grant them dastaks or permits for duty-free trade in Bengal in 1717. The Nawab of Bengal Siraj Ud Daulah, the de facto ruler of the Bengal province, opposed British attempts to use these permits. This led to the Battle of Plassey in 1757, in which the armies of the East India Company, led by Robert Clive, defeated the Nawab's forces. This was the first political foothold with territorial implications that the

This is a document about Bengal Presidency
  In 1599, a Royal Charter was granted by Queen Elizabeth I to allow the creation of a trading company in London for the purposes of trade with the East Indies. The governance of the company was placed in the hands of a governor and a 24-member Court of Directors. The corporation became known as the Honourable East India Company (HEIC). It rose to account for half of the world's trade. The company was given a monopoly for British trade in the Indian Ocean. In 1608, Mughal Emperor Jahangir allowed the English East India Company to establish a small trading post on the west coast of India. It was followed

This is a document about East India Company
  Company ships docked at Surat in Gujarat in 1608. The company established its first Indian factory in 1611 at Masulipatnam on the Andhra Coast of the Bay of Bengal; and a second at Surat in 1612. The high profits reported by the company after landing in India initially prompted James I to grant subsidiary licences to other trading companies in England. However, in 1609 he renewed the East India Company's charter for an indefinite period, with the proviso that its privileges would be annulled if trade was unprofitable for three consecutive years. In 1612, James I instructed Sir Thomas Roe to visit the Mughal Emperor Nur-ud-din Salim Jahangir (r. 1605–1627) to arrange for a commercial

This is a document about India–United Kingdom relations
  Trade was established between Tudor England and Mughal India in 1600 when Elizabeth I granted the newly formed East India Company a royal charter by sending precious gifts to the Mughal court of Emperor Akbar the Great. During the time of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in 1707, India was a leading manufacturer, with a 25 percent share of the world's GDP. By the time the British left the country its share of global GDP was near 4%. During the 18th century, the East India Company began to gain greater influence in India. The Battle of Plassey in 1757 led to the conquest of Bengal while by 1857, following various treaties and wars with Indian kingdoms (such as the Anglo-Mysore Wars

This is a document about Company rule in India
  The English East India Company ("the Company") was founded in 1600, as The Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East Indies. It gained a foothold in India with the establishment of a factory in Masulipatnam on the Eastern coast of India in 1611 and the grant of the rights to establish a factory in Surat in 1612 by the Mughal emperor Jahangir. In 1640, after receiving similar permission from the Vijayanagara ruler farther south, a second factory was established in Madras on the southeastern coast. Bombay island, not far from Surat, a former Portuguese outpost given to England as dowry in the marriage of Catherine of Braganza

This is a document about Presidencies and provinces of British India
  The East India Company, which was incorporated on 31 December 1600, established trade relations with Indian rulers in Masulipatam on the east coast in 1611 and Surat on the west coast in 1612. The company rented a small trading outpost in Madras in 1639. Bombay, which was ceded to the British Crown by Portugal as part of the wedding dowry of Catherine of Braganza in 1661, was in turn granted to the East India Company to be held in trust for the Crown. Meanwhile, in eastern India, after obtaining permission from the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan to trade with Bengal, the company established its first factory at Hoogly in 1640. Almost a half-century later, after Mughal Emperor Aurengzeb forced the Company out of Hooghly for its tax evasion, Job Charnock purchased three small villages, later renamed Calcutta, in 1686, making it the company's new headquarters. By the mid-18th century, the three principal trading settlements including factories and forts, were then called the Madras Presidency (or the Presidency of Fort St. George), the Bombay Presidency, and the Bengal Presidency (or the Presidency of Fort William) — each administered by a Governor.

This is a document about Zamindars of Bengal
  In 1612, Sir Thomas Roe was instructed by King James I to visit the Mughal Emperor to arrange for a commercial treaty which would give the Company exclusive rights to reside and build factories in Surat and other areas. The British were given the ability to trade in the Indian Empire by Emperor Jahangir.

This is a document about Trade between Western Europe and the Mughal Empire in the 17th century
  The English and Dutch were granted 21-year permission of monopoly in the “East Indies”, which followed by the retorted answer from the Indian kings – they encouraged the establishment of coastal posts for trade. Half a century afterwards, the competition for trade in the Indian Ocean was enhanced by the establishment of the Honourable East India Company in 1664. It followed Jean-Baptiste Colbert's theory of mercantilism that claimed to keep the national exports greater than the imports. In his Memorandum on English Alliances and Memorandum to the King on Finances written in 1669 and 1670 respectively, Jean-Baptiste Colbert defended his theory and tried to figure out

This is a document about History of India
  The English East India Company was founded in 1600 as The Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East Indies. It gained a foothold in India with the establishment of a factory in Masulipatnam on the Eastern coast of India in 1611 and a grant of rights by the Mughal emperor Jahangir to establish a factory in Surat in 1612. In 1640, after receiving similar permission from the Vijayanagara ruler farther south, a second factory was established in Madras on the southeastern coast. Bombay island, not far from Surat, a former Portuguese outpost gifted to England as dowry in the marriage of Catherine of Braganza to Charles II, was leased by the company in 1668. Two

This is a document about Elizabeth I
  The East India Company was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region and China, and received its charter from Queen Elizabeth on 31 December 1600. For a period of 15 years, the company was awarded a monopoly on English trade with all countries East of the Cape of Good Hope and West of the Straits of Magellan. Sir James Lancaster commanded the first expedition in 1601. The Company eventually controlled half of world trade and substantial territory in India in the 18th and 19th centuries.

This is a document about Parsis
  Following the commercial treaty in the early 17th century between Mughal emperor Jahangir and James I of England, the East India Company obtained the exclusive rights to reside and build factories in Surat and other areas. Many Parsis, who until then had been living in farming communities throughout Gujarat, moved to the English-run settlements to take the new jobs offered. In 1668 the English East India Company leased the Seven Islands of Bombay from Charles II of England. The company found the deep harbour on the east coast of the islands to be ideal for setting up their first port in the sub-continent, and in

This is a document about Gabriel Boughton
  In the early days of the EIC, doctors frequently travelled with traders who were on their way to establish factories. In addition to medical care for themselves and their ships, warehouses, and factories, these "Company ship surgeons" were found to be useful in trading medical treatment for concessions from rich rulers. In India, EIC establishments included Bombay, Surat, Persia, Madras and the east coast, and Bengal and the Bay. Boughton was one of the early medical practitioners of this era, the others including John Woodall, William Hamilton, John Zephaniah Holwell, and William Fullerton. The English acquired a foothold in India in 1613 by establishing a factory at Surat under the reign of Jahangir and with Portuguese opposition. In 1631, by the order of Shah Jahan, the Portuguese were expelled from Hooghly, and seven years later the emperor appointed his son Shah Shuja to be Viceroy of Bengal. The capital of the province was changed from Gaur to Rajmahal in 1639.

This is a document about Consulate General of the United States, Chennai
  Trading links between the United States and the East India Company's territories began when the American ship Chesapeake sailed up the Hooghly to anchor in Calcutta in 1786, just ten years after the United States Declaration of Independence. On 19 November 1792, the then American President George Washington appointed Benjamin Joy, a businessman from Newburyport, Massachusetts, as the first American Consul to India. With the advice of the then Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson and consent of the Senate, President Washington commissioned Joy to that office on 21 November 1792. When Joy reached Calcutta in April 1794, the colonial government repudiated

This is a document about Portuguese East India Company
  Portuguese trade with India had been a crown monopoly since the Portuguese captain Vasco da Gama opened the sea route to India in 1497–1499. The monopoly had been managed by the Casa da Índia, the royal trading house founded around 1500, it is a first to start a joint stock company to trade in india. The Casa was responsible for the yearly India armadas. However, by 1560, the Casa's finances were in dire straits and in 1570, King Sebastian of Portugal issued a decree opening up trade to India to any private Portuguese national. As few took up the offer, the free trade decree was replaced in 1578 by a new system of annual monopolies, where the Casa sold India trading contracts

This is a document about East India Company
  the command of a factor or master merchant and governor, and 90 employees in India. The major factories became the walled forts of Fort William in Bengal, Fort St George in Madras, and Bombay Castle. In 1634, the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan extended his hospitality to the English traders to the region of Bengal, and in 1717 completely waived customs duties for their trade. The company's mainstay businesses were by then cotton, silk, indigo dye, saltpetre, and tea. The Dutch were aggressive competitors and had meanwhile expanded their monopoly of the spice trade in the Straits of Malacca by ousting the Portuguese in 1640–1641. With reduced Portuguese and Spanish influence

This is a document about Royal Indian Navy
  The East India Company was established in 1599, and it began to create a fleet of fighting ships in 1612, soon after Captain Thomas Best defeated the Portuguese at the Battle of Swally. This led the company to build a port and to establish a small navy based at Suvali, in Surat, Gujarat, to protect its trade routes. The Company named the force the 'Honourable East India Company's Marine', and the first fighting ships arrived on 5 September 1612. This force protected merchant shipping off the Gulf of Cambay and the rivers Tapti and Narmada. The ships also helped map the coastlines of India, Persia and Arabia. During the 17th century, the small naval fleet consisted

This is a document about Battle of Swally
  Sir William Hawkins led the first voyage of the English East India Company to India and sailed into the Gujarat port of Surat on 24 August 1608 aboard the Hector. He had with him 25,000 pieces of gold and a personal letter to the Mughal Emperor Jehangir (sometimes also rendered as Cehangir or Ichan Guire) from King James I seeking trade concessions. He persisted for over two years, however pirates stole his gold, and tried several times to murder him while on shore. He returned to England empty-handed. The next envoy, Paul Canning, lasted only a few months.

This is a document about History of Gujarat
  commercial treaty made with Mughal Emperor Nuruddin Salim Jahangir, which formed their first base in India, but it was eclipsed by Bombay after the English received it from Portugal in 1668 as part of the marriage treaty of Charles II of England and Catherine of Braganza, daughter of King John IV of Portugal. The state was an early point of contact with the west, and the first English commercial outpost in India was in Gujarat. 17th-century French explorer François Pyrard de Laval, who is remembered for his 10-year sojourn in South Asia, bears witness accounts that the Gujaratis were always prepared to learn

This is a document about Mare Liberum
  Indian Trade. Grotius wrote the treatise while being a counsel to the Dutch East India Company over the seizing of the Santa Catarina Portuguese carrack issue. The work was assigned to Grotius by the Zeeland Chamber of the Dutch East India Company in 1608.  Grotius' argument was that the sea was free to all, and that nobody had the right to deny others access to it. In chapter I, he laid out his objective, which was to demonstrate "briefly and clearly that the Dutch [...] have the right to sail to the East Indies", and, also, "to engage in trade with the people there". He then went on to

The first permission to trade in India for the East India Company was granted by Mughal Emperor Jahangir in 1617.


Question: how many episodes are there in season 2 of the crown

Answer: 10 one - hour episodes

This is a document about The Crown (season 2)
  The second season of The Crown follows the life and reign of Queen Elizabeth II. It consists of ten episodes and was released by Netflix on 8 December 2017. Claire Foy stars as Elizabeth, with main cast members Matt Smith, Vanessa Kirby, Jeremy Northam, Greg Wise, Victoria Hamilton, Alex Jennings and Lia Williams reprising their roles from the first season. Anton Lesser and Matthew Goode are added to the main cast. Original main cast members Jared Harris, John Lithgow, and Ben Miles also return in cameo appearances.

This is a document about Torchwood (audio drama series)
  Aux2           = Ianto Jones, Rhys Williams ; OriginalAirDate = November 2020 ; LineColor      = 1F2227 EpisodeNumber  = 45 ; Title          = The Crown ; RTitle         = ; DirectedBy     = Lisa Bowerman ; WrittenBy      = Jonathan Barnes ; Aux2           = Queen Victoria ; OriginalAirDate = December 2020 ; LineColor      = 1F2227 {{#invoke:Episode list|sublist|Torchwood (audio drama series) }}{{#invoke:Episode list|sublist|Torchwood (audio drama series) }}{{#invoke:Episode list|sublist|Torchwood (audio drama series) }}{{#invoke:Episode list|sublist|Torchwood (audio drama series) }}{{#invoke:Episode list|sublist|Torchwood (audio drama series) }}{{#invoke:Episode list|sublist|Torchwood (audio drama series) }}{{#invoke:Episode list|sublist|Torchwood (audio drama series) }}{{#invoke:Episode list|sublist|Torchwood (audio drama series) }}{{#invoke:Episode list|sublist|Torchwood (audio drama series) }}{{#invoke:Episode list|sublist|Torchwood (audio drama series) }}{{#invoke:Episode list|sublist|Torchwood (audio drama series) }}

This is a document about The Specials (TV series)
  Season 2 consists of seven 21-minute episodes. It premiered together with season 1 on OWN as a back-to-back marathon on 7 September 2014. It picks up 2 years after the end of season 1.

This is a document about Mile High
  Series one consisted of 13 episodes. Series two consisted of 7 episodes followed by 19 in series three. Series two was the shortest series due to a compressed time scale for filming. Series two was a major success and as a result a further series of 19 episodes was commissioned. Episodes 14–20 and 21–39 were shown in four separate batches. Although episodes 21–39 were commissioned as a third series, episodes 14–20 and 21–39 were combined to create one large series classified as series two. Charlotte Taylor (Sarah Farooqui) departed after series two, causing her character to disappear without explanation in series three when it was combined with series two. This is one major difference between the series.

This is a document about Castle & Castle
 Season 1: 13 Episodes ; Season 2: 6 Episodes

This is a document about The Crown (season 3)
  The third season of The Crown follows the life and reign of Queen Elizabeth II. It consists of ten episodes and was released by Netflix on 17 November 2019. Olivia Colman stars as Elizabeth, along with main cast members Tobias Menzies, Helena Bonham Carter, Ben Daniels, Jason Watkins, Marion Bailey, Erin Doherty, Jane Lapotaire, Charles Dance, Josh O'Connor, Geraldine Chaplin, Michael Maloney, Emerald Fennell, and Andrew Buchan. John Lithgow and Pip Torrens return in cameo appearances.

This is a document about Taxi Driver (Israeli TV series)
  Season 2 premiered 8 August 2012 and consisted of 13 episodes. Season two takes place approximately one year after season 1 left off.

This is a document about The Crown (TV series)
  In November 2014, it was announced that Netflix was to adapt the 2013 stage play The Audience into a television series. Peter Morgan, who wrote the 2006 film The Queen and the play, is the main scriptwriter for The Crown. The directors of the first season are Stephen Daldry, Philip Martin, Julian Jarrold, and Benjamin Caron. The first ten-part season was the most expensive drama produced by Netflix and Left Bank Pictures to date, costing at least £100 million. A second season was commissioned, with the series intended to span sixty episodes over six seasons. By October 2017, "early production" had begun on an anticipated third and fourth season, and by the following January, Netflix confirmed the series had been renewed for third and fourth seasons. In January 2020, Morgan announced that the

This is a document about Wings (British TV series)
  Series 1 consisted of 12 episodes. Series 2 consisted of 13 episodes.

This is a document about The Guard (TV series)
  While there is agreement that 22 episodes of The Guard have been produced, the organization into seasons has provided some controversy. Originally, Halifax Film announced a first season consisting of 7 episodes. Halifax announced on October 9, 2008 that season 2 would consist of 15 episodes beginning on 29 October 2008. In the final press kit, it states, "The Guard returns with a new season of 15 one-hour episodes on October 29 in its new timeslot Wednesday at 10 PM on Global TV." However, in this same press kit (edited after the series was completed), Halifax Film opts to relabel the episodes for marketing purposes in other markets so that season 1 consists of

This is a document about Dan & Becs
 } The second series consists of ten episodes. It began broadcasting in September 2007. Episodes were available for viewing online for a week after original broadcast.

This is a document about The Owl House
  Directly following the events of the first season finale, this season will "find our heroes working together to return Luz to the Human Realm, help Eda confront her inner demons, and search for the truth about King's past." The season features 21 episodes divided into "2A" and "2B". The first letters of the episode titles for 2A spell out "SEEK THE KEY."

This is a document about Love After Lockup
  Episode listings of the show's second season vary. We TV separates the season into two parts in their official listings, but also includes the two seasons of the spin-off Love After Lockup: Life After Lockup in their episode count. iTunes splits the season into four volumes,   while Amazon Prime list them separately as "2", "202", "203" and "204" respectively. The second part of season two has also been referred to as "season 3" by some media outlets and non-American digital platforms.

This is a document about List of Thunderbirds episodes
  Series Two comprised six 50-minute episodes. Episodes are listed in the official order published by distributor ITC Entertainment, which matches the order of production.

This is a document about ABC Audio
  Inside Frozen 2 (November 11, 2019-December 9, 2020). 7 episodes. ; Inside the Oscars (March 25, 2021-April 26, 2021). 6 episodes. ; The Investigation (February 11, 2019-February 7, 2020) ; Journeys of Faith (November 13, 2018-April 21, 2020) ten episodes with 3 premiere episodes ; A Killing on The Cape (October 25, 2017–November 29, 2017). 6 episodes. ; Life After Suicide (May 1, 2019-June 18, 2019) ; Motivated (June 26, 2017–December 31, 2017) ; A Murder on Orchard Street (October 3, 2017–November 30, 2017). 8 episodes. ; Nightline (November 30, 2017–present) ; No Limits with Rebecca Jarvis (January 9, 2017–December

This is a document about Kingdom (South Korean TV series)
  On December 17, 2018, the official trailer for the series was released. On January 25, 2019, the first season of the series, consisting of six episodes, was released for streaming on Netflix. The second season, also consisting of six episodes, was released on March 13, 2020. A special 92-minute episode, titled "Kingdom: Ashin of the North", was released on July 23, 2021. A second special episode on the Crown Prince is reported to be in the works and scheduled for release in 2023.

This is a document about Halifax f.p.
  Note: Episode 2 was aired after 3.

This is a document about Byomkesh Bakshi (TV series)
  There were two seasons having 32 episodes. The first season had 13 and the second season had 19 episodes.

This is a document about Haters Back Off
  The second season has 8 episodes, bringing the total number of episodes to 16.

Season 2 of The Crown consists of 10 episodes.


Question: who are the characters in rowan of rin

Answer: Rowan

This is a document about Rowan and the Travellers
  Rowan is a shy and weak boy of the town of Rin, but nevertheless he is the main character and protagonist, as he appears to be very brave when it is needed. Other than that, he is very strong-minded and intelligent, and can solve riddles easily. He is both clever and warm hearted, but easy to scare away. Strong Jonn is in love with Jiller, Rowan's mother, and Rowan easily spots that each time they meet.

This is a document about Rowan and the Keeper of the Crystal
  Rowan of Rin or Rowan of the Bukshah, a young boy that becomes the Chooser after his mother Jiller is victimized. ; Jiller, Rowan's mother and the Chooser. ; Keeper, the keeper of the crystal. ; Strong Jonn of the Orchard, a strong man from Rin. ; Star, Rowan's bukshah and the most elite of the bukshah herd. ; Annad, Rowan's little sister. ; Timon, the teacher of Rin. ; Perlain of Pandellis, a Marris man that is the messenger of the Maris. ; Zebak- Evil people that have tried time and time again to destroy and capture Marris and Rin.

This is a document about Rowan of Rin
  Rowan of Rin is a series of five children's fantasy novels by Australian author Emily Rodda. It follow the adventures of a shy village boy, Rowan. The series was first published in Australia in 1993 by Omnibus Books, a corporate division of Scholastic. When Scholastic released Emily Rodda's Star of Deltora fantasy series, the Rowan of Rin series was revealed to be part of the world of Deltora, and the lands mentioned in the books are islands located to the west of Deltora. This makes Rowan of Rin the fourth series set in the world of Deltora, sixth if you count the collective Deltora Quest series as three separate series. The other series are Deltora Quest (Deltora Quest, Deltora Quest 2 and Deltora Quest 3), the Three Doors trilogy and Star of Deltora.

This is a document about List of Shuffle! characters
 , Yuki Matsunaga (PC) Nerine (ネリネ), known to Sia as Rin (Rina in the English dub), is the daughter of the King of Demons and, like Sia, is also a marriage candidate for Rin. Nerine is a more capable magic user than her cousin, Sia, and occasionally uses it to devastating effect. Similar to Sia, Nerine has absorbed the spirit of her clone, Lycoris (リコリス). Nerine and Lycoris can be distinguished from each other by the color of their eyes; Nerine has red eyes, while those of Lycoris are blue. Lycoris saved Nerine from an incurable illness at the cost of her own life. However, unlike Sia, this has not led her to developing multiple personalities and Nerine only shares Lycoris' emotions and singing voice. Nerine is very shy, respectful, and speaks in an extremely formal way. She enjoys getting

This is a document about The Magic Thief
  Rowan Forestal - At first unknown to Conn, the tomboyish daughter of the Duchess. She has short red hair that looks like it has been hacked off, and catlike grey eyes. She enjoys sword fight and adventure, and is known to be very impatient; Brumbee sets her to teach Conn how to read runes when he first become apprentice, and Rowan herself speculates that it might have been to practice her patience. Though Conn dislikes Rowan at first sight, the pair quickly became friends when he saw her true fun-loving self beneath the haughty pose, and Rowan was impressed by Conn's incredible speed in learning.

This is a document about Rowan of Rin (novel)
  Rowan of Rin is a children's fantasy novel by Australian author Emily Rodda. It is the first in the five-book series of the same name. It was first published in 1993 and re-released in 2003 with the fifth and final novel in the series: Rowan of the Bukshah. In 1994, the novel won the Children's Book of the Year Award for Younger Readers.

This is a document about Rowan and the Zebak
  known, turning on their Zebak masters the helped the Travelers and the Maris repel them, and eventually settled into what is now Rin, but what happened to those left behind was not. The people left, gentle and timid, with the loss of their people began to decline, so when Rowan and his companions hear this tale there are only three survivors, a grandfather and his grandchildren, Shaaran, gentle like Rowan, and Norris- a throwback to his warrior lineage. Five leave Rin, but five do not return, because along with bringing Annad home, Rowan and the others also bring the grandchildren to rejoin their people after many centuries apart.

This is a document about Fate/stay night: Heaven's Feel
  passing out. After being rescued along with Sakura by Rider, Rin helps transfer Shirō's soul to a new body before departing for the Mage's Association to deal with the fallout of the Holy Grail War, returning some time later to check in on Sakura and Shirō as they see the cherry blossoms bloom. Rin is a model student and idol of Shirō's school. She is one of the seven participants of the Fifth Holy Grail War, being the master of Archer. Even though she starts as an adversary, Rin is Shirō's most prominent ally during the story, as both the

This is a document about Rowan (name)
  ; Rowan Morrison, a character in The Wicker Man ; Rowan Woodward, renamed character in The Wicker Man (2006 film) remake, based on Rowan Morrison in original film ; Rowan North, the main antagonist of the Ghostbusters (2016 film) reboot played by Neil Casey ; Rowan Theirin (née Guerrin), a character in Dragon Age: The Stolen Throne by David Gaider ; Rowan Whitethorn, a character in the Throne of Glass book series by Sarah J. Maas ; Lily Rowan, a character in the series of novels and narratives about Detective Nero Wolfe by Rex Stout ; Professor Rowan, a character in the video games Pokémon Diamond, Pearl, and Platinum

This is a document about Rowan (name)
 Rowan, one of the two main protagonists in Fire Emblem Warriors ; Rowan, the main character in Emily Rodda's Rowan of Rin (series) fantasy books ; The Rowan/Angharad Gwyn, a character in the Tower and the Hive book series by Anne McCaffrey ; Rowan Damisch, one of the two main characters in the Scythe (novel) book series by Neal Shusterman ; Rowan Khanna, a character in the mobile game Harry Potter: Hogwarts Mystery ; Rowan LaFontaine, a character in the film Jason X ; Rowan Mayfair, a character in the Lives of the Mayfair Witches trilogy by Anne Rice ; Rowan Mills, a character in NBC's The Blacklist (TV

This is a document about Fate/Extra
 Hakuno Kishinami (岸波 白野) ; The protagonist of the story and the Master of Saber, Caster, or Archer, depending on who is chosen in the game. Their gender is also unspecified and chosen by the player at the start. The protagonist of the story and the Master of Saber, Caster, or Archer, depending on who is chosen in the game. Their gender is also unspecified and chosen by the player at the start. Rin Tohsaka (遠坂 凛) ; Possible heroine. A member of the Resistance who joined the Grail War to stop the Harwey family. Master of Lancer, Cú Chulainn. Possible heroine. A member of the Resistance who joined the

This is a document about Fate/hollow ataraxia
  detail here as seen in her interactions. She is shown to be very stingy, bossy and quite mischievous. She makes fun of Shirou several times. She has feelings for Shirou after watching him stubbornly attempting to do a high jump that he had no chance. Although she calls him an idiot, Rin admires Shirou for his tenacity and kind-heart. In Fate/hollow ataraxia, the Kaleidostick is responsible for transforming Rin into the magical girl Kaleido-Ruby. Rin is partially responsible for the current state of affairs in the universe of Fate/stay night. After the Fifth Holy Grail War was finished, she and

This is a document about Rowan of Rin
  (Retitled to Rowan and the Ice Creepers in North America) An endless winter has begun in the land of Rin. The Rin folk have fled to the Maris and only a few remain in the village, but Rowan must still embark on a deadly quest. He journeys up the mountain in his beloved bukshah's wake to cease the endless frost and ice, but doing so may endanger not only himself, but his loved ones as well.

This is a document about Rowan and the Travellers
  The book picks up where the first one, Rowan of Rin (novel), ended. Rowan and the Travellers tells the story of a tribe of Travellers which mysteriously arrive in the town of Rin. After their even more mysterious departure, a sleeping sickness appears in Rin and the Travellers are suspected of causing it. Rowan and Allun go to find the Travellers and ask them to stop the sickness. They find the Travellers heading to the horrific Pit of Unrin, where they find that the sickness originally descends from a dangerous kind of fruit called Mountain-berries brought down from the Mountain next to Rin. Its scent lulls people into a deep and heavy sleep. It turns out that the berries are the smaller and infantile form of big trees growing beneath the Mountain itself. Rowan, Allun and the Travellers must save the town with the help of a potion Sheba made of slip-daisy roots.

This is a document about The Faraway Paladin
  in the city of Whitesails. Robina Goodfellow (ロビィナ・グッドフェロー) / Bee (ビィ) ; A halfling bard. She tells tales, sings, and in the anime, she plays a 3 string rebec. ; Reystov (レイストフ) ; An adventurer that Will hires while in Whitesails. ; Bagley (バグリー) ; He is the bishop in charge of the temple that Will meets in Whitesails. ; Ethelbald (エセルバルド) ; The prince that Will meets in the city of Whitesails. He is the bishop in charge of the temple that Will meets in Whitesails. ; Ethelbald (エセルバルド) ; The prince that Will meets in the city of Whitesails. The prince that Will meets in the city of Whitesails.

This is a document about Lost Song (TV series)
 Rin (リン) ; Rin is an energetic young girl harboring a passion for singing living with her younger brother Al, older sister Mel and grandfather Talgia Hawkray in a reclusive village near a forest. She discovers her ability to sing Spirit Songs, legendary songs that can manipulate the four elements of the world and bring about miracles. Unlike Finis, her songs energize her instead of taking away her lifespan. After Mel and Talgia died, she promised to live her dream of singing with the Court Orchestra in the Capital and save as many lives as she can with her power. Rin

This is a document about List of Blue Exorcist characters
  Rin Okumura (奥村 燐) is the sixteen-year-old protagonist of the story. He is a son of Satan, born from a human woman and is the inheritor of Satan's powers. His powers were sealed at birth into the demon-slaying blade Kurikara (倶利伽羅) by Mephisto Pheles, the True Cross Academy principal, allowed him to live a normal human life for nearly 16 years with his twin brother Yukio and his foster father Shiro Fujimoto. Rin becomes aware of his true identity after Kurikara can no longer seal his powers, setting off a chain of events that lead to the death of Shiro at the hands of Satan, who attempts to drag Rin back to the demon realm, Gehenna.

This is a document about Rin Tohsaka
  her sister Sakura, who was given to the Matou family for adoption. After her father is killed in the Fourth Holy Grail War, Rin continues to perfect her sorcery with some guidance from her guardian, Kirei Kotomine. Several years later, she and Sakura observed a young Shirou Emiya attempting to jump over a high bar for a fitness test, and secretly liked to be with him due to his dogged perseverance. She strives to earn the admiration of her peers to avoid drawing attention to her private life, even though she is secretly stingy, tomboyish, and a perfectionist. She is perceptive, resourceful and avidly competitive. In the Fate route

This is a document about Fate/stay night
  The second of the three heroines is Rin Tohsaka, a model student and idol of Shirou's school who is secretly a mage and Master of Archer in the Holy Grail War. Her servant Archer serves as the servant protagonist of the route. She descends from a long, distinguished line of mages. Though she lacks a formal magic education, she is strong and gifted in her own right. Rin is dubbed "The Ice Queen" by classmates for her cold, unreachable persona at school; however, this is simply a front to hide her true status as a mage. Her presence in the story is established shortly after Shirou is killed by Lancer at school. Upon seeing him, she revives him due to his connection with Sakura Matou, with whom Rin is closely acquainted. As such, the two decide to become allies in the war, unaware of Archer's true identity

This is a document about Rin Tohsaka
  Rin is a model student and idol of Shirou's school. She barely talks to other students in her school and exhibits a desire to be left alone, as exemplified by her tendency to stay on the school's rooftop, away from the rest of the students. She is also secretly a mage, and a Master in the Fifth Holy Grail War. In the beginning of the anime, she summons Archer as her Servant, although she originally wanted to summon Saber. Rin is reared as the successor to her family's magecraft, instructed by her father, Tokiomi Tohsaka, to prioritize sorcery over her own interests. When she was young, Rin was separated

 The main characters in "Rowan of Rin" are:

1. Rowan: The shy and weak protagonist of the story, who is brave and intelligent. He is the son of Jill and Jonn, and is strong-willed and clever.
2. Jill: Rowan's mother, who is strong-willed and clever.
3. Jonn: Rowan's father, who is a strong man.
4. Strong-willed: Rowan's mother's friend, who is a strong and clever woman.
5. Nerin:


Question: who wrote the 14th amendment to the constitution

Answer: Joint Committee on Reconstruction

This is a document about Reconstruction Amendments
  The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was proposed by Congress on June 13, 1866. By July 9, 1868, it had received ratification by the legislatures of the required number of states in order to officially become the Fourteenth Amendment. On July 20, 1868, Secretary of State William Seward certified that it had been ratified and added to the federal Constitution. The amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws and was proposed in response to issues related to the treatment of freedmen following the war. The amendment was bitterly contested, particularly by Southern states, which were forced to ratify it in

This is a document about Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
   Anticipating an increase in Democratic membership in the following Congress, Republicans used the lame-duck session of the 40th United States Congress to pass an amendment protecting black suffrage. Representative John Bingham, the primary author of the Fourteenth Amendment, pushed for a wide-ranging ban on suffrage limitations, but a broader proposal banning voter restriction on the basis of "race, color, nativity, property, education, or religious beliefs" was rejected. A proposal to specifically ban literacy tests was also rejected. Some Representatives from the North, where nativism was a major force, wished to preserve restrictions denying the franchise to foreign-born citizens, as did Representatives from the West, where ethnic Chinese were banned from voting. Both Southern and Northern Republicans also wanted to continue to deny the vote temporarily to Southerners disenfranchised for support

This is a document about Andrew Johnson
  most disastrous miscalculation of his political career". According to Stewart, the veto was "for many his defining blunder, setting a tone of perpetual confrontation with Congress that prevailed for the rest of his presidency". Congress also proposed the Fourteenth Amendment to the states. Written by Trumbull and others, it was sent for ratification by state legislatures in a process in which the president plays no part, though Johnson opposed it. The amendment was designed to put the key provisions of the Civil Rights Act into the Constitution, but also went further. The amendment extended citizenship to every person born in the United States

This is a document about Federalist No. 14
  The Federalist Papers), all which were printed in New York newspapers under the pseudonym "Publius" addressed "To the People of the State of New York." After 85 Federalist essays and 10 months of deliberation, the Constitution was ratified on July 21, 1788. The 14th Federalist Paper, written by James Madison, addressed the topics of identifying the form of government which the Union was trying to attain, the size of the Union, the separation of powers between the general government and the States, the traveling within the Union, and the benefits in regards to States at the borderline of the Union.

This is a document about McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Commission
  Stevens began his First Amendment analysis by quoting Talley v. California, where the Court wrote: "Anonymous pamphlets, leaflets, brochures and even books have played an important role in the progress of mankind." Stevens noted various well-known authors throughout literary history who had opted to publish either anonymously or under a pseudonym, including Mark Twain, O. Henry, Benjamin Franklin, and Voltaire. He then stated that the "freedom to publish anonymously extends beyond the literary realm", referring to the decision in Talley, as well as The Federalist Papers, a collection of anonymous essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay to promote the ratification of what is now the U.S. Constitution. In justifying a First Amendment right to anonymity, Stevens wrote

This is a document about Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
  that the Congress of the United States ever had the power, or color of power to say that any man born within the jurisdiction of the United States, not owing a foreign allegiance, is not and shall not be a citizen of the United States." At the time of the amendment's passage, President Andrew Johnson and three senators, including Trumbull, the author of the Civil Rights Act, asserted that both the Civil Rights Act and the Fourteenth Amendment would confer citizenship to children born to foreign nationals in the United States. Senator Edgar Cowan of Pennsylvania had a decidedly different

This is a document about Birthright citizenship in the United States
   During the original debate over the 14th Amendment Senator Jacob M. Howard of Michigan—the sponsor of the Amendment, though the Citizenship Clause was written by Senator Wade—described the clause as having the same content, despite different wording, as the earlier Civil Rights Act of 1866, namely, that it excludes American Indians who maintain their tribal ties and "persons born in the United States who are foreigners, aliens, who belong to the families of ambassadors or foreign ministers". Others also agreed that the children of ambassadors and foreign ministers were to be excluded. Concerning the children born in the United States to parents who

This is a document about John Bingham
  John Armor Bingham (January 21, 1815 – March 19, 1900) was an American Republican representative from Ohio, an assistant Judge Advocate General in the trial of the Abraham Lincoln assassination and a prosecutor in the impeachment trials of U.S. President Andrew Johnson. He was also the principal framer of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

This is a document about Radical Republicans
 Amos Tappan Akerman: attorney general under the Grant administration who vigorously prosecuted the Ku Klux Klan in the South under the Enforcement Acts ; Adelbert Ames: Governor of Mississippi in 1868–1870 and 1874–1876 ; James Mitchell Ashley: representative from Ohio ; John Armor Bingham: representative from Ohio and principal framer of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ; Austin Blair: Governor of Michigan in 1861–1865 ; George Sewall Boutwell: representative from Massachusetts and Treasury Secretary under President Grant from 1869 to 1873 ; William Gannaway Brownlow: publisher of the Knoxville Whig, Tennessee governor and senator ; Rufus Bullock: Governor of Georgia 1868–1871 ; Benjamin Butler: Massachusetts politician-soldier who was hated by

This is a document about Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
  The Fourteenth Amendment (Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments. Often considered as one of the most consequential amendments, it addresses citizenship rights and equal protection under the law and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War. The amendment was bitterly contested, particularly by the states of the defeated Confederacy, which were forced to ratify it in order to regain representation in Congress. The amendment, particularly its first section, is one of the most litigated parts of the Constitution, forming the basis for landmark Supreme Court decisions such as

This is a document about Ku Klux Klan in Canada
  policy of the 40th United States Congress, a harsher approach was adopted in which former Confederates were removed from power and freedmen were enfranchised. In July 1868, Congress passed the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, addressing citizenship rights and granting equal protection under the law. The 1868 presidential election victory by Ulysses S. Grant, who supported Radical Republicans, further entrenched this approach. Under his presidency, the Fifteenth Amendment to the constitution was passed, prohibiting federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude". This was followed by three Enforcement Acts, criminal codes protecting African

This is a document about Thaddeus Stevens
  the Fourteenth Amendment, which became part of the Constitution in mid-1868. Stevens introduced a Tenure of Office Act, restricting Johnson from firing officials who had received Senate confirmation without getting that body's consent. The Tenure of Office Act was ambiguous since it could be read to protect officeholders only during the tenure of the president who appointed them, and most of the officials the radicals sought to protect had been named by Lincoln. Chief among these was Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, a radical himself. Stevens steered a bill to enfranchise African-Americans in the District of Columbia through the House. The Senate passed it in 1867, and it was enacted over Johnson's veto. Congress was downsizing the Army for peacetime; Stevens offered an

This is a document about Lyman Trumbull House
  Lyman Trumbull House is a house significant for its association with former U.S. Senator from Illinois Lyman Trumbull. The house is located in the historic Middletown neighborhood in Alton, Illinois. Senator Trumbull was best known for being a co-author of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The house was built around 1849, and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1975. Senator Trumbull lived in this house from 1849 to 1863, according to the documentation provided in the National Historic Landmark application. The house is a 1 1⁄2-story red brick, gable-roofed residence with limestone foundation. It was originally rectangular-shaped, but late in the 19th century an addition was built on the rear of the house, transforming it into an "L" shaped

This is a document about Second impeachment of Donald Trump
  The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is one of the Reconstruction Amendments. It addresses citizenship rights and equal protection under the law and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War. Section 3 states that a person who participated in insurrection after having taken an oath to support the Constitution is disqualified from holding future office unless permitted by Congress. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez was one of the House Democrats that supported invoking the 14th Amendment against Trump. In a letter, Pelosi thanked her colleagues for their contributions to discussions on the 14th Amendment. If successful, the former President would be ineligible for appointment to any federal office without a

This is a document about Equal Protection Clause
  person and property, as is enjoyed by white citizens." President Andrew Johnson vetoed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 amid concerns (among other things) that Congress did not have the constitutional authority to enact such a bill. Such doubts were one factor that led Congress to begin to draft and debate what would become the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Additionally, Congress wanted to protect white Unionists who were under personal and legal attack in the former Confederacy. The effort was led by the Radical Republicans of both houses of Congress, including John Bingham, Charles Sumner, and Thaddeus Stevens. It was the most influential of these men, John Bingham, who was the principal author and

This is a document about Birthright citizenship in the United States
  not U.S. citizens (and not foreign diplomats), three senators, including Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman Lyman Trumbull, the author of the Civil Rights Act, as well as President Andrew Johnson, agreed, asserting that both the Civil Rights Act and the 14th Amendment would confer citizenship on them at birth, and no senator offered a contrary opinion. Most of the debate on this section of the Amendment centered on whether the wording in the Civil Rights Act or Howard's proposal more effectively excluded Aboriginal Americans on reservations and in U.S. territories from citizenship. Senator James R. Doolittle of Wisconsin asserted that all Native Americans are

This is a document about Gun politics in the United States
  In the years immediately following the Civil War, the question of the rights of freed slaves to carry arms and to belong to the militia came to the attention of the federal courts. In response to the problems freed slaves faced in the Southern states, the Fourteenth Amendment was drafted. When the Fourteenth Amendment was drafted, Representative John A. Bingham of Ohio used the Court's own phrase "privileges and immunities of citizens" to include the first Eight Amendments of the Bill of Rights under its protection and guard these rights against state legislation. The debate in Congress on the Fourteenth Amendment after the Civil War also concentrated on what the Southern States were doing to harm the newly freed slaves. One particular concern was the disarming of former slaves. The Second Amendment attracted serious judicial attention with the Reconstruction era case of

This is a document about Federalist No. 54
  the Constitution was to be three out of every five slaves, or 3⁄5 of the total number of slaves in a state. Madison thereby defends the Three-fifths Compromise that was adopted by the Constitutional Convention but which remained controversial and a source of friction between the states and political parties (it was annulled by the Fourteenth Amendment). Federalist No. 54 was erroneously attributed to John Jay in Alexander Hamilton's enumeration of the authors of the various Federalist Papers. Madison was Hamilton's major collaborator, writing 29 of the papers, although Madison himself asserted that he had written more. A known error in Hamilton's list, that he incorrectly ascribed No. 54 to John Jay when in fact Jay wrote No. 64, provides evidence for Madison's claim. Nearly all of the statistical studies show that the disputed papers were written by Madison, including No. 54.

This is a document about Federalist No. 14
  Federalist No. 14 is an essay by James Madison titled "Objections to the Proposed Constitution From Extent of Territory Answered". This essay is the fourteenth of The Federalist Papers. It was published on November 30, 1787 under the pseudonym Publius, the name under which all The Federalist papers were published. It addresses a major objection of the Anti-Federalists to the proposed United States Constitution: that the sheer size of the United States would make it impossible to govern justly as a single country. Madison touched on this issue in Federalist No. 10 and returns to it in this essay.

This is a document about Manumission
  Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which abolished slavery "except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted," after the American Civil War. In South Carolina, to free a slave required permission of the state legislature; Florida law prohibited manumission altogether. Of the Founding Fathers of the United States, as defined by the historian Richard B. Morris, the Southerners were the major slaveholders, but Northerners also held slaves, generally in smaller numbers, as domestic servants. John Adams owned none. George Washington freed his own slaves in his will (his wife independently held numerous dower slaves). Thomas Jefferson freed five slaves in his will, and the remaining 130

The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was proposed by Congress and ratified by the states. It was not written by a single individual, but rather by a group of legislators and drafted by a committee. The amendment was proposed in response to the issues of citizenship rights and equal protection under the law, particularly in relation to the recently ratified Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery. The amendment was passed by Congress on June 13, 1866, and ratified by the necessary number of states on July 9, 1868.


Question: the law that states that for every action

Answer: action - reaction law

This is a document about Jurin's law
  The law is expressed as

This is a document about Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals
  The first formulation states that an action is only morally permissible if every agent could adopt the same principle of action without generating one of two kinds of contradiction. This is called the Formula for the Universal Law of Nature, which states that one should, “act as if the maxim of your action were to become by your will a universal law of nature.” A proposed maxim can fail to meet such requirement in one of two ways.

This is a document about Actus reus
  The terms actus reus and mens rea developed in English law are derived from the principle stated by Edward Coke, namely, actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea, which means: "an act does not make a person guilty unless (their) mind is also guilty"; hence, the general test of guilt is one that requires proof of fault, culpability or blameworthiness in conjugation of thought (Mens rea) and action (Actus reus). In order for an actus reus to be committed there has to have been an act or action. Various common law define action differently but generally, an action or act is a "bodily movement whether voluntary or involuntary." In Robinson v. California,, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a California law making it illegal to

This is a document about Equality before the law
   Equality before the law, also known as equality under the law, equality in the eyes of the law, legal equality, or legal egalitarianism, is the principle that all people must be equally protected by the law. The principle requires a systematic rule of law that observes due process to provide equal justice, and requires equal protection ensuring that no individual nor group of individuals be privileged over others by the law. Sometimes called the principle of isonomy, it arises from various philosophical questions concerning equality, fairness and justice. Equality before the law is one of the basic principles of some definitions of

This is a document about Rule of law
  for every one to do what he lists, to live as he pleases, and not to be tied by any laws: but freedom of men under government is, to have a standing rule to live by, common to every one of that society, and made by the legislative power erected in it; a liberty to follow my own will in all things, where the rule prescribes not; and not to be subject to the inconstant, uncertain, unknown, arbitrary will of another man: as freedom of nature is, to be under no other restraint but the law of nature." The principle was

This is a document about Piracy
   Under a principle of international law known as the "universality principle", a government may "exercise jurisdiction over conduct outside its territory if that conduct is universally dangerous to states and their nationals." The rationale behind the universality principle is that states will punish certain acts "wherever they may occur as a means of protecting the global community as a whole, even absent a link between the state and the parties or the acts in question." Under this principle, the concept of "universal jurisdiction" applies to the crime of piracy. For example, the United States has a statute (section 1651 of title 18 of the United States Code) imposing a sentence of life in prison for piracy "as defined by the law of nations"

This is a document about Act of state doctrine
  The act-of-state doctrine or foreign act of state doctrine is a principle in English and United States law which states that every sovereign state is bound to respect the independence of every other sovereign state, and the courts will not sit in judgment of another government's acts or act of any sovereign national done within its own territory. The doctrine is not required by international law (neither customary international law nor treaty law), but it is a principle recognized and adhered to by United States federal and state courts. In the United States, the rationales for the doctrine include respect for other nations' sovereignty and protection of the

This is a document about Kantian ethics
  Kant's first formulation of the Categorical Imperative is that of universalizability: "Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law." When someone acts, it is according to a rule, or maxim. For Kant, an act is only permissible if one is willing for the maxim that allows the action to be a universal law by which everyone acts. Maxims fail this test if they produce either a contradiction in conception or a contradiction in the will when universalized. A contradiction in conception happens when, if a maxim were to be universalized, it ceases to make sense,

This is a document about Value theory
  of a good will being the only intrinsic good. Moreover, Kant saw a good will as acting in accordance with a moral command, the "Categorical Imperative": "Act according to those maxims that you could will to be universal law. " but should not be confused with the Ethic of Reciprocity or Golden Rule, e.g. Mt. 7:12. Whereas the golden rule states that "One should treat others as one would like others to treat oneself," Kant asks us to analyze whether an act can be performed simultaneously by everyone without exception. For example, murder cannot be performed simultaneously by everyone, one set of people would have to live and the other die. That disparity is an exception. The

This is a document about Integrity
  the same laws as pertain to their fellow citizens. In personal ethics, this principle requires that one should not act according to any rule that one would not wish to see universally followed. For example, one should not steal unless one would want to live in a world in which everyone was a thief. The philosopher Immanuel Kant formally described the principle of universal application in his categorical imperative. The concept of integrity implies a wholeness, a comprehensive corpus of beliefs often referred to as a worldview. This concept of wholeness emphasizes honesty and authenticity, requiring that one act at all times in accordance with

This is a document about Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals
  a law that reflects only the form of law itself, namely that of universality. Thus, Kant arrives at his well-known categorical imperative, the moral law referenced in the above discussion of duty. Kant defines the categorical imperative as the following: "I ought never to act except in such a way that I could also will that my maxim should become a universal law." Later, at the beginning of Section Two, Kant admits that it is in fact impossible to give a single example of an action that could be certainly said to have been done from duty alone, or ever to know one's own mind well enough to be sure of one's own motives. The important thing, then, is not whether such pure virtue ever actually exists in the world; the important thing is that that reason dictates duty and that we recognize it as such.

This is a document about Sosa v. Alvarez-Machain
 UNIVERSALITY. A cause of action must be universally recognized by the law of nations as a prohibited norm in order to be actionable.  Given the shift in American jurisprudence away from natural law, the law of nations (from the U.S. standpoint) now consists of: mutual obligations that nations have traditionally observed in conduct with one another; "arbitrary law of nations," or norms that nations have voluntarily agreed to either explicitly (e.g., via treaties) or implicitly (e.g., via customary practice); and jus cogens. ; OBLIGATORY NATURE. The prohibitive norm must be binding or obligatory, not merely hortatory, in order to be actionable. ; SPECIFICITY.

This is a document about Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals
  Kant believes that all of our actions, whether motivated by inclination or morality, must follow some law. For example, if a person wants to qualify for nationals in ultimate frisbee, he will have to follow a law that tells him to practice his backhand pass, among other things. Notice, however, that this law is only binding on the person who wants to qualify for nationals in ultimate frisbee. In this way, it is contingent upon the ends that he sets and the circumstances that he is in. We know from the third proposition, however, that the moral law must bind universally and necessarily, that is, regardless of ends and circumstances. At this point, Kant asks, "what kind of law can that be, the representation of which must determine the will, even without regard for the effect expected from it...?" He concludes that the only remaining alternative

This is a document about Universal law
  In law and ethics, universal law or universal principle refers as concepts of legal legitimacy actions, whereby those principles and rules for governing human beings' conduct which are most universal in their acceptability, their applicability, translation, and philosophical basis, are therefore considered to be most legitimate. One type of Universal Law is the Law of Logic which prohibits logical contradictions known as sophistry. The Law of Logic is based upon the universal idea that logic is defined as that which is not illogical and that which is illogical is that which involves a logical contradiction, such as attempting to assert that an apple and no apple can exist at and in the same time and in the same place, and attempting to assert that A and not A can exist at and in the same time and in the same place.

This is a document about Sovereignty
  politique (1762) deals with sovereignty and its rights. Sovereignty, or the general will, is inalienable, for the will cannot be transmitted; it is indivisible since it is essentially general; it is infallible and always right, determined and limited in its power by the common interest; it acts through laws. Law is the decision of the general will regarding some object of common interest, but though the general will is always right and desires only good, its judgment is not always enlightened, and consequently does not always see wherein the common good lies; hence the necessity of the legislator. But the legislator

This is a document about Law (principle)
  A law is a universal principle that describes the fundamental nature of something, the universal properties and the relationships between things, or a description that purports to explain these principles and relationships.

This is a document about Categorical imperative
  The categorical imperative (kategorischer Imperativ) is the central philosophical concept in the deontological moral philosophy of Immanuel Kant. Introduced in Kant's 1785 Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals, it is a way of evaluating motivations for action. It is best known in its original formulation: "Act only according to that maxim whereby you can, at the same time, will that it should become a universal law." According to Kant, sentient beings occupy a special place in creation, and morality can be summed up in an imperative, or ultimate commandment of reason, from which all duties and obligations derive. He defines an imperative as any proposition declaring a certain action (or inaction) to be necessary. Hypothetical imperatives apply to someone who wishes to attain certain ends. For example, "I must drink something to quench my thirst" or "I must

This is a document about Will (philosophy)
  and political life. This, in other words, makes the general will consistent amongst the members of the state, implying that every single one of them have citizenship and have freedom as long as they are consenting to a set of norms and beliefs that promote equality, the common welfare, and lack servitude. According to Thompson, the general will has three rules that have to be obeyed in order for the general will to function as intended: (1) the rule of equality—no unequal duties are to be placed upon any other community member for one's personal benefit or for that of the community; (2) the rule of generality—the general

This is a document about Gradient discretisation method
  For all (defined by ).

This is a document about Kantianism
 1) Act only according to that maxim whereby you can, at the same time, will that it should become a universal law. ; 2) Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never merely as a means to an end, but always at the same time as an end. ; 3) Therefore, every rational being must so act as if he were, through his maxim, always a legislating member in the universal kingdom of ends. Kantian ethics are deontological, revolving entirely around duty rather than emotions or end goals. All actions are performed in accordance with some underlying maxim or principle, which are vastly

The law that states that for every action, there must be an equal and opposite reaction is not directly related to the principles of Jurin's law or the Formulation of the Principle of Universal Law. This law is a physical principle in Newtonian mechanics. In the context of law and ethics, the principles discussed revolve around the idea of equality before the law and the requirement for an action to be morally permissible for everyone.


Question: who won the british baking show season 4

Answer: Frances Quinn

This is a document about The Great British Bake Off (series 4)
  The fourth series of The Great British Bake Off began airing on 20 August 2013. Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins again presented the show and Mary Berry and Paul Hollywood returned as judges. As with series three, the competition was held at Harptree Court in East Harptree, Somerset. 13,000 amateur bakers applied to appear on the programme, and 100 were selected for screen test, with the best 60 advancing to a three-day audition. From these, 13 contestants were chosen this year so the judges could eliminate two people whenever they wanted. The winner of the Great British Bake Off 2013 was Frances Quinn.

This is a document about Ali Imdad
 1) REDIRECT The Great British Bake Off (series 4)

This is a document about The Great British Bake Off
  The fourth series of The Great British Bake Off started on 20 August 2013 on BBC Two. The series was again filmed at Harptree Court in East Harptree, Somerset. The final was won by Frances Quinn, with Ruby Tandoh and Kimberley Wilson as runners up. In the US, the fourth series was broadcast as season 2 on PBS, and on Netflix as Collection 2.

This is a document about Junior Bake Off (series 4)
  The fourth series of Junior Bake Off aired from 7 November 2016, with forty contestants competing to be crowned the series 4 winner. Sam Nixon and Mark Rhodes returned to present the show, and Allegra McEvedy returned as judge with Nadiya Hussain replacing Graham Hornigold. McEvedy and Hussain decided to call themselves the cookery panel. Nikki Lilly won the series. This was Allegra McEvedy, Nadiya Hussain, Sam Nixon and Mark Rhodes’ last series as the junior bake off family and it was the last series on CBBC.

This is a document about MasterChef: The Professionals
  The fourth series began on 7 November 2011, with India Fisher's voiceover replaced with Sean Pertwee. The series concluded on 15 December 2011, with finalists Steve Barringer and Claire Hutchings being beaten by winner Ash Mair,  34, from Tasmania. He cooked a final three-course menu comprising a starter of roasted monkfish tail with lentils and Basque piperade; roast rump of lamb with braised lamb neck potato croquette; and a dessert of Spanish bread and butter pudding with vanilla parfait. This was the first series where two semi finalists were put through to the final from the same semi final heat. This resulted in 4 finalists for the first time and in the cook off Oliver Farrar, was knocked out from the finals week.

This is a document about Bake Off: The Professionals
  The fourth series was filmed at Firle Place, East Sussex The same presenters and judges returned for series 4, and again with 12 pairs of pastry chefs competing using the same format as series 3. The competition was won by Thibault Marchand and Erica Sangiorgi from Kimpton Fitzroy London Hotel, beating teams from Pennyhill Park Hotel and South Place Hotel.

This is a document about Bake Off: The Professionals
  The third series was moved to Channel 4 and retitled Bake Off: The Professionals, with Tom Allen and Liam Charles taking over as presenters. It was again filmed at Firle Place, East Sussex, and Blin and Finden returned as judges. Twelve teams, with only two pastry chefs in a team, competed in this series. The final was between three pairs: Emmanuel Bonneau and returning contestant Sam Leatherby from London Hilton on Park Lane, Darryl Collins and Bharat Chandegra from Resorts World in Birmingham and Hideko Kawa and Theo Beauchet, representing Sweet Art Lab in London. The competition was won by Emmanuel and Sam from London Hilton on Park Lane.

This is a document about List of The Great British Bake Off Star Bakers
  The Great British Bake Off is a British television baking competition to find Britain's best amateur baker. The show premiered in 2010, and as of 2020, eleven series have been completed. From series two onwards, the judges have given the award of "Star Baker" to a single baker (though on some occasions there have been multiple) who was seen to have excelled in that particular week. The award is given by judges Paul Hollywood and Mary Berry (later Prue Leith), and numerous bakers have received the accolade on more than one occasion. For example, Ruby Tandoh in series four won the title of Star Baker three times. Currently, Richard Burr has won the title the most times, winning it five of a possible nine times. Winners of the programme usually have received the award at some point, but being the overall winner is not counted as winning the accolade.

This is a document about List of bakers
 1) Edd Kimber, first winner of The Great British Bake Off ; 2) Joanne Wheatley, 2011 winner of The Great British Bake Off (series 2) ; 3) John Whaite, 2012 winner of The Great British Bake Off (series 3) ; 4) Nadiya Hussain, 2015 winner of The Great British Bake Off (series 6) ; 5) Candice Brown, 2016 winner of The Great British Bake Off (series 7)

This is a document about List of The Great British Bake Off finalists
  James Morton (born 1990/91), runner-up of the third series, was a University of Glasgow medical student at the time of the series. Since then, Morton graduated from the University with a medical degree in March 2015, qualifying him a doctor. He also established his blog containing his recipes. He is the son of Tom Morton, a broadcaster. Morton re-competed against Chetna Makan (series five), Howard Middleton (series four), and Janet Basu (series two) in the Boxing Day episode of The Great Christmas Bake Off 2016 special. Makan was crowned the episode's winner. Morton wrote cookbooks Brilliant Bread (2013), How Baking Works (2015), Brew: The Foolproof Guide to Making World-Class

This is a document about Red Nose Day 2015
 Star Baker The Bake Off returned for a four-part series on Wednesday 11 February at 8pm on BBC One. Mary Berry and Paul Hollywood returned as judges whilst Mel Giedroyc, Sue Perkins, Jo Brand and Ed Byrne each hosted one of the four episodes. The episode line up was as follows:  Jo Brand hosted a special edition of The Great British Bake Off: An Extra Slice on Friday 13 March at 10pm on BBC Two in which the four star bakers competed for the title of Ultimate Star Baker. Mary Berry crowned Victoria Wood as the winner.

This is a document about Bake Off: The Professionals
  Channel 4 to join The Great British Bake Off after the BBC declined to renew the series. The Channel 4 series has been renamed Bake Off: The Professionals, and is presented by comedian Tom Allen and former contestant on the main series, Liam Charles. The first series was won by the Squires Kitchen Cookery School team led by Mark Tilling, followed by a team of military chefs led by Liam Grime, a team from London Hilton Park Lane with Emmanuel Bonneau, Thibault Marchand and Erica Sangiorgi from Kimpton Fitzroy London Hotel, and Laurian Veaudor and Thibault Courtoisier from Cocorico Patisserie.

This is a document about 2015–16 Irish Premier League season
  Winner of Series 2 vs Winner of Series 4

This is a document about Challney High School for Girls
 Nadiya Hussain, winner of the sixth series of The Great British Bake Off

This is a document about The Great British Bake Off (series 5)
  In the fourth episode of the series, there was controversy over the events that preceded the elimination of contestant Iain Watters. During the final showstopper round contestants were tasked with producing a baked Alaska. Iain's ice cream was shown as having not set, and in a show of frustration, he threw his bake in the bin. The editing of the show suggested that another contestant, Diana Beard, had caused the failure by removing the ice cream from a freezer for her own ice cream, and the perceived "sabotage" resulted in a furore on social media networks. More than 800 complaints were lodged with the BBC, and some complained to the communication watchdog Ofcom. Some members of the cast, however, posted comments in support of

This is a document about Saturday Kitchen
  and Bryn Williams. Also joining Martin were various celebrity guests, including: Jon Culshaw, Sophie Ellis-Bextor, Micky Flanagan, Dave Gorman, Alex Jones, Denise Lewis, Al Murray, Sarah Parish, and Frank Skinner. Series 3 (2016): Matt Tebbutt and Andi Oliver replaced Martin in the presenting role. As well as appearances from Sabrina Ghayour, Theo Randall, and Vivek Singh, Tebbutt and Oliver were also joined by previous Great British Bake Off contestants, including former winners Candice Brown, Edd Kimber, Frances Quinn, and Jo Wheatley. There were celebrity appearances from Ronni Ancona, Helen George, David Haig, Aled Jones, Miles Jupp, Adil Ray, Louise Redknapp, and Nina Wadia.

This is a document about Hell's Kitchen (British TV series)
  Series 4 began on 13 April 2009. Marco Pierre White returns as Head Chef/teacher. Claudia Winkleman took over as host, replacing Angus Deayton. Nick Munier returned as Maitre d', as did Sous Chefs Matthew and Timothy. This series there was one kitchen with grey and dark red tiles. The first four sackings were Marco's responsibility, while the other four sackings were down to a public vote (the person with the lowest number of votes left Hell's Kitchen). Linda Evans won from public voting on 27 April 2009. The celebrities who took part were:

This is a document about The Great British Bake Off (series 9)
  The ninth series of The Great British Bake Off began on 28 August 2018, with this being the second series to be broadcast on Channel 4. The series is presented by Noel Fielding and Sandi Toksvig, with judges Paul Hollywood and Prue Leith. This series saw a few changes to the usual format: the first episode being Biscuit Week (the previous 8 series began with a Cake Week), the documentary inserts were dropped, and the finale included the competitors doing a technical challenge outside the tent for the first time. The series was won by Rahul Mandal, with Kim-Joy and Ruby Bhogal as the runners-up.

This is a document about The Great American Baking Show (season 4)
  The fourth season of The Great American Baking Show, titled The Great American Baking Show: Holiday Edition, premiered December 6, 2018 on the ABC network as part of the year's 25 Days of Christmas lineup. This is the first season hosted by Spice Girls member Emma Bunton. Returning for their second seasons are Anthony "Spice" Adams and Paul Hollywood. Joining the judging panel is three-time James Beard Award recipient and pastry chef Sherry Yard. This is the first season without original judge Johnny Iuzzini. Iuzzini was dismissed from the ABC network following sexual harassment allegations, days after the season three premiere and, prematurely, pulled the season off the air. The competition concluded after six weeks, in which Tina Zaccardi was crowned the season winner. Amanda Nguyen and Andrea Maranville finished the competition as runners-up.

This is a document about List of The Great British Bake Off finalists
  Candice Brown (born 21 December 1984), the winner of the seventh series, was a PE teacher at Ashlyns School at the time of the competition. In her victory speech she attributed her success to starting baking at four years old. Brown graduated from the University of Birmingham with a Bachelor's degree in teaching. As reported in November 2016, after Bake Off, she left her job as a PE teacher at Ashlyns School, Berkhamsted in order to pursue a career in baking. She wrote the cookbooks Comfort: Delicious Bakes and Family Treats (2017; ISBN: 1785037072) and Happy Cooking (2021; ISBN: 9781529108330). Brown occasionally cooks on

Frances Quinn won The Great British Bake Off season 4.


Question: during the us great depression the unemployment rate peaked at

Answer: 25 %

This is a document about 1973–1975 recession
  1980, inflation remained extremely high until the early 1980s. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that 2.3 million jobs were lost during the recession; at the time, this was a post-war record. Although the recession ended in March 1975, the unemployment rate did not peak for several months. In May 1975, the rate reached its height for the cycle of 9 percent. (Four cycles have had higher peaks than this: the late 2000s recession, where the unemployment rate peaked at 10 percent in October 2009 in the United States; the early 1980s recession where unemployment peaked at 10.8% in November and December 1982; the Great Depression, where unemployment peaked at 25% in 1933; and the COVID-19 recession where unemployment peaked at 14.7% in 2020.)

This is a document about Unemployment in the United States
  During the 1940s, the U.S Department of Labor, specifically the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), began collecting employment information via monthly household surveys. Other data series are available back to 1912. The unemployment rate has varied from as low as 1% during World War I to as high as 25% during the Great Depression. More recently, it reached notable peaks of 10.8% in November 1982 and 14.7% in April 2020. Unemployment tends to rise during recessions and fall during expansions. From 1948 to 2015, unemployment averaged about 5.8%. There is always some unemployment, with persons changing jobs and new entrants to the labor force searching for jobs. This is referred to as frictional unemployment. For this reason, the Federal Reserve targets the natural rate of unemployment or NAIRU, which was around 5% in 2015. A rate of unemployment below this level would be consistent with rising inflation in theory, as a shortage of workers would bid wages (and thus prices) upward.

This is a document about Unemployment
  There were labor shortages during World War I. Ford Motor Co. doubled wages to reduce turnover. After 1925, unemployment gradually began to rise. The 1930s saw the Great Depression impact unemployment across the globe. In Germany and the United States, the unemployment rate reached about 25% in 1932. In some towns and cities in the northeast of England, unemployment reached as high as 70%; the national unemployment level peaked at more than 22% in 1932. Unemployment in Canada reached 27% at the depth of the Depression in 1933. In 1929, the U.S. unemployment rate averaged 3%. In the US, the Works Progress Administration (1935–43) was the largest make-work program. It hired men (and some

This is a document about Recession of 1949
  During this recession, the Gross domestic product of the United States fell 1.7 percent. In October 1949, the unemployment rate reached its peak for the cycle of 7.9 percent.

This is a document about New Deal
 (1) in 1929 dollars ; (2) 1935–1939 = 100 Darby counts WPA workers as employed; Lebergott as unemployed ; Source: Historical Statistics US (1976) series D-86; Smiley 1983 "Most indexes worsened until the summer of 1932, which may be called the low point of the depression economically and psychologically". Economic indicators show the American economy reached nadir in summer 1932 to February 1933, then began recovering until the recession of 1937–1938. Thus the Federal Reserve Industrial Production Index hit its low of 52.8 on July 1, 1932 and was practically unchanged at 54.3 on March 1, 1933, but by July 1, 1933 it reached 85.5 (with 1935–39 = 100 and for comparison 2005 = 1,342). In Roosevelt's 12 years in office, the economy had an 8.5% compound annual growth of GDP, the highest growth rate in the history of any industrial country, but recovery was slow and by 1939 the gross domestic product (GDP) per adult was still 27% below trend.

This is a document about Economic history of the United States
  Unemployment reached 25 percent in the worst days of 1932–33, but it was unevenly distributed. Job losses were less severe among women than men, among workers in nondurable industries (such as food and clothing), in services and sales, and in government jobs. The least skilled inner city men had much higher unemployment rates, as did young people who had a hard time getting their first job, and men over the age of 45 who if they lost their job would seldom find another one because employers had their choice of younger men. Millions were hired in the Great Depression, but men with weaker credentials were never hired,

This is a document about Great Depression in the United States
  in the worst days of 1933. Another commonly cited estimate is by Michael Darby in 1976. He put the unemployment rate at a peak of 22.5 percent in 1932. Job losses were less severe among women, workers in non durable industries (such as food and clothing), services and sales workers, and those employed by the government. Unskilled inner city men had much higher unemployment rates. Age also played a factor. Young people had a hard time getting their first job. Men over the age of 45, if they lost their job, would rarely find another one because employers had their choice of younger men. Millions were hired in the

This is a document about Depression of 1920–1921
  was extreme in absolute terms, and also unusually extreme given the relatively small decline in gross domestic product. Unemployment rose sharply during the recession. Romer estimates a rise to 8.7% from 5.2% and an older estimate from Stanley Lebergott says unemployment rose from 5.2% to 11.7%. Both agree that unemployment quickly fell after the recession, and by 1923 had returned to a level consistent with full employment. During the recession, there was an extremely sharp decline in industrial production. From May 1920 to July 1921, automobile production declined by 60% and total industrial production by 30%. At the end of the

This is a document about Economic collapse
  While arguably not a true economic collapse, the decade of the 1930s witnessed the most severe worldwide economic contraction since the start of the Industrial Revolution. In the US, the Depression began in the summer of 1929, soon followed by the stock market crash of October 1929. American stock prices continued to decline in fits and starts until they hit bottom in July 1932. In the first quarter of 1933, the banking system broke down: asset prices had collapsed, bank lending had largely ceased, a quarter of the American work force was unemployed, and real GDP per capita in 1933 was 29% below its 1929 value. The ensuing rapid recovery was interrupted by a major recession in 1937–38. The USA fully recovered by 1941, the eve of its entry in World War II,

This is a document about Economic depression
  The Great Depression of the 1930s affected most national economies in the world. This depression is generally considered to have begun with the Wall Street Crash of 1929, and the crisis quickly spread to other national economies. Between 1929 and 1933, the gross national product of the United States decreased by 33% while the rate of unemployment increased to 25% (with industrial unemployment alone rising to approximately 35% – U.S. employment was still over 25% agricultural). A long-term effect of the Great Depression was the departure of every major currency from the gold standard, although the initial impetus for this was World War II (see Bretton Woods Accord).

This is a document about Economic history of the United Kingdom
  Great Depression in the United Kingdom). Unemployment had stood at less than 1.8 million at the end of 1930, but by the end of 1931 it had risen sharply to more than 2.6 million. By January 1933, more than 3 million Britons were unemployed, accounting for more than 20% of the workforce - with unemployment topping 50% in some parts of the country, particularly in South Wales and the north-east of England. The rest of the 1930s saw a moderate economic recovery stimulated by private housing. The rate of unemployment fell to 10% in 1938 - half of the level five years previously.

This is a document about Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act
  to 19.2%, which was in line with average rates of that day. Unemployment was 8% in 1930 when the Smoot–Hawley Act was passed, but the new law failed to lower it. The rate jumped to 16% in 1931 and 25% in 1932–1933. There is some contention about whether this can necessarily be attributed to the tariff, however. It was only during World War II, when "the American economy expanded at an unprecedented rate", that unemployment fell below 1930s levels. Imports during 1929 were only 4.2% of the US GNP, and exports were only 5.0%. Monetarists, such as Milton Friedman, who emphasize the central role of the money supply in causing the depression, consider the Smoot–Hawley Act to be only a minor cause for the US Great Depression.

This is a document about Jarrow March
  in 1929 and lasted until 1932, the percentage of unemployed peaked at 22%, representing more than 3 million workers. Unemployment was particularly heavy in Britain's traditional staple export industries—coal mining, shipbuilding, iron and steel and textiles—all of which were in a slow decline from their Victorian heyday. Because of the concentration of these industries in the north of England, in Scotland and in Wales, the percentage of unemployed persons in these regions was significantly higher, sometimes more than double, than in the south throughout the interwar period. The decline of these industries helped to create pockets of long-term unemployment outside the normal cyclical variations; some workers had no work for years.

This is a document about History of banking in the United States
  During the 1930s, the U.S. and the rest of the world experienced a severe economic contraction that is now called the Great Depression. In the U.S. during the height of the Great Depression, the official unemployment rate was 25% and the stock market had declined 75% since 1929. Bank runs were common because there wasn't insurance on deposits at banks, banks kept only a fraction of deposits in reserve, and customers ran the risk of losing the money that they had deposited if their bank failed. By the beginning of 1933, the banking system in the United States had effectively ceased to function. The incoming Roosevelt administration and the incoming Congress took immediate steps to pass legislation to respond to the Great Depression. Roosevelt entered office with enormous political capital. Americans of all political persuasions were

This is a document about Great Depression in Australia
  they felt the effects of the depression strongly. Because of the severe economic contraction, the reduction of purchasing goods, employers couldn’t afford to keep excessive workers. A five-year unemployment average for 1930-34 was 23.4%, with a peak of approximately 30% of the nation being unemployed in 1932. This was one of the most severe unemployment rates in the industrialised world, exceeded only by Germany. Many hundreds of thousands of Australians suddenly faced the humiliation of poverty and unemployment. This was still the era of traditional social family structure, where the man was expected to be the sole bread winner. Soup kitchens and charity groups made brave attempts to feed the many starving and destitute. The male suicide rate spiked in 1930

This is a document about New Deal
  From 1929 to 1933 manufacturing output decreased by one third, which economist Milton Friedman called the Great Contraction. Prices fell by 20%, causing deflation that made repaying debts much harder. Unemployment in the United States increased from 4% to 25%. Additionally, one-third of all employed persons were downgraded to working part-time on much smaller paychecks. In the aggregate, almost 50% of the nation's human work-power was going unused. Before the New Deal, deposits at banks were not insured. When thousands of banks closed, depositors lost their savings as at that time there was no national safety net, no public unemployment insurance and no Social Security. Relief for the poor was the responsibility of families, private charity and local governments, but as conditions worsened year by year demand skyrocketed and their

This is a document about African-American socialism
  The Great Depression of the 1930s began after the stock market crash in 1929. However, it hit the Black population much harder than Whites. Black people were forced out of their already unskilled jobs. This caused them to face an unemployment rate of more that 50 percent, compared to their counterparts of about 30 percent. Black workers were already being paid 30 percent below the white workers. Black people gained no relief of their trials from the Roosevelt administration because the National Recovery Act (NRA) was later referred to, by African-Americans, as the Negro Removal Act. NRA public works rarely hired Blacks during this time, even though

This is a document about Presidency of Herbert Hoover
  A series of bank failures in late 1930 heralded a larger collapse of the economy in 1931. Bank failures continued in 1931 as foreign investors withdrew money from the United States, and the Federal Reserve raised interest rates in order to prevent outflow of gold. While other countries left the gold standard, Hoover refused to abandon it; he derided any other monetary system as "collectivism." By mid-1931, the unemployment rate had reached 15 percent, giving rise to growing fears that the country was experiencing a depression far worse than recent economic downturns. Millions of Americans became homeless as the economy crumbled, and

This is a document about 1970s energy crisis
  in March 1975, the unemployment rate did not peak for several months. In May 1975, the rate reached its height for the cycle of 9%. (Only two cycles have higher peaks than this: the current cycle, when the unemployment rate is currently 9.7% in the United States; and the early 1980s recession, when unemployment peaked at 10.8% in November and December 1982.) The recession also lasted from 1973 to 1975 in the United Kingdom. The GDP declined by 3.9% or 3.37% depending on the source. It took 14 quarters for the UK's GDP to recover to that at the start of recession.

This is a document about Long Depression
  kicked off by the Panic of 1873, and followed by the Panic of 1893, book-ending the entire period of the wider Long Depression. The U.S. National Bureau of Economic Research dates the contraction following the panic as lasting from October 1873 to March 1879. At 65 months, it is the longest-lasting contraction identified by the NBER, eclipsing the Great Depression's 43 months of contraction. In the United States, from 1873 to 1879, 18,000 businesses went bankrupt, including 89 railroads. Ten states and hundreds of banks went bankrupt. Unemployment peaked in 1878, long after the initial financial panic of 1873 had ended. Different sources peg the peak U.S. unemployment rate anywhere from 8.25% to 14%.

The unemployment rate in the United States during the Great Depression peaked at 24.9% in 1933.