Question: how long does a permanent resident visa last in australia

Answer: indefinitely

This is a document about Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement
  provided they have held a Resident Visa continuously for more than 24 months, and have met the PRV criteria. However, Resident Visas held by Australians expire upon exit from New Zealand, so travelling in and out of New Zealand can affect the requirement that the Resident Visa must be held for two years continuously. If an Australian citizen or permanent resident is in New Zealand on a Resident visa and wishes to stay long term and apply for a permanent resident visa in the future, they should make an application for a Variation of Travel Conditions (VOTC) if they wish to travel in the meantime to ensure that the resident visa does not expire when leaving New Zealand.

This is a document about Australian permanent resident
  Australian permanent residents are residents of Australia who hold a permanent visa but are not citizens of Australia. A holder of a permanent visa may remain in Australia indefinitely. A 5-year initial travel facility, which corresponds to the underlying migration program, is granted alongside the permanent visa. Until the travel facility expires, the visa holder may leave and re-enter Australia freely. After that period the visa holder needs to re-apply for the travel facility. However, holders of a permanent visa who are already in Australia with an expired travel facility may remain in Australia indefinitely. Permanent residents enjoy many of the rights and privileges of citizens, including access to free or subsidised legal, education and health services. They do not have the right to vote in federal or state/territory elections, unless they were registered to vote prior to 1984, but may vote in some local government elections. Permanent residents are not entitled to an Australian passport. Most permanent residents are eligible to become citizens after a waiting period. When the waiting period is complete, the process of sitting the citizenship test and attending the ceremony may add up to two years to gaining citizenship.

This is a document about Visa requirements for South African citizens
  occur whilst they are in New Zealand. The Australian Resident Visa granted in New Zealand is indefinite if in New Zealand, however expires when leaving. As of 1 October 2019, Australian Permanent Residents need to apply for a New Zealand Electronic Travel Authority (NZeTA) if they wish to enter New Zealand. The ETA is valid for 2 years however there is no time limit on the length of stay, this is just the time the holder must enter within. The cost is NZD 9 on the mobile app and NZD 12 on the internet per traveller and takes about

This is a document about Visa requirements for South African citizens
  Zealand: Indefinite. Note: may apply for Permanent Residency in New Zealand after satisfying two years residence with an Australian Resident Visa in New Zealand. Australian Resident Visa is a New Zealand (Indefinite) Visa which is granted at the New Zealand border to Australian Permanent Residents in the form of an entry stamp, if the holder leaves New Zealand the Visa would therefore end and the time spent would not count towards satisfying the Two Year Residence requirement in order to become a New Zealand Permanent Resident (2 years) or a Citizen (5 years). Australian Resident Visa is the name of

This is a document about Immigration to Australia
  the visa), they need to take the exam and make a declaration in order to be a citizen of Australia.  There are a number of different types of Australian immigration, classed under different categories of visa: Employment and family visas can often lead to Australian citizenship; however, this requires the applicant to have lived in Australia for at least four years with at least one year as a permanent resident. Claims have been made that Australia's migration program is in conflict with anti age-discrimination legislation and there have been calls to remove or amend the age limit of 50 for general skilled migrants.

This is a document about Resident Return Visa
  In Australia, a Resident Return Visa (RRV) (subclasses 155 and 157) is a re-entry visa allowing the holder of that visa to travel to another country and return to the Australian migration zone. RRVs allow Australian permanent residents to re-enter Australia as often as they wish during the validity of the visa. RRVs may be valid for 5 years or 3 months.

This is a document about Visa requirements for South African citizens
  holders(whether permanent or temporary)/ Ireland Biometric Visa or Permanent Residency holders: Holder's of a United Kingdom Visa May enter: 🇧🇲 Bermuda of the 🇬🇧 United Kingdom: 3 months (if arriving or transiting from the United Kingdom). Australasia Australia Permanent Residence in the Commonwealth of Australia - South African Citizens with any type of a Valid Australian Permanent Resident Visa electronically granted or as a label still valid may enter the following country:  Holder's must also consider that they will be able to return to Australia as a Permanent Resident should the expiry of their travel facility on their Australian Permanent

This is a document about Resident Return Visa
  The similar visa in New Zealand was called Returning Resident's Visa (RRV). It gave New Zealand permanent residents the right to resume their residence status when they returned to New Zealand. The first Returning Resident's Visa was valid for 2 years. An Indefinite Returning Resident's Visa (IRRV) was issued once the resident had shown commitment to New Zealand over the previous two years. 12 month or 14-day RRVs were also issued under different circumstances. Under the Immigration Act 2009, the Returning Resident's Visas were replaced by the resident visas and/or permanent resident visas. A resident visa holder may also be subject to other ‘conditions’ depending on the residence category they applied under. A permanent resident visa allows the holder to re-enter New Zealand as a permanent resident anytime. A permanent resident visa is not subject to any conditions.

This is a document about Australians in Italy
  Australians entering Italy must have a valid passport (validity of a minimum of three months) and may require Schengen visa corresponding to the amount of time they intend on staying in Italy whether that is on a permanent or temporary basis. From 1991 until 2003, 32,863 Australians departed for Italy from Australia. There are various categories of Australians departures including returning Italian migrants, individuals with Italian heritage, dual-citizens, and expatriates. Australians who arrive in Italy and intend to work and stay for a period longer than 90 days must obtain a residency permit, complemented by a residency contact (employer). There are three types of permits; 3–12 month stay, 12–24 month stay, 2–5 year stay. Statistics show that from 2007, 35.8% of Australian departures were permanent whilst 63.9% were long term individuals of ages 20–39. While, figures from 2007 to 2012

This is a document about Permanent Resident of Norfolk Island visa
  and no visa charge was levied. Applicants must present to an Australian immigration officer a passport endorsed with a right to reside permanently on Norfolk Island. Australian permanent resident status remained valid for as long as the visa holder remained in the Australian migration zone. The visa ceased on departure from the migration zone but a new visa can be granted when the person returned, if Norfolk Island permanent residence is still held. Although a permanent visa, this visa can also be used to take short holidays or business trips in Australia as an alternative to the Electronic Travel Authority. It may also be used for permanent settlement in Australia. This visa was very similar to the Special Category Visa except that it was permanent (without a re-entry facility) while the SCV is technically a temporary visa.

This is a document about Visa policy of Australia
  requirements. Holders of this type of visa are Australian permanent residents and may live and work in Australia indefinitely, and they may freely leave and enter Australia within the visa's validity (same with the Resident Return visa). This type of visa replaced the UEP, and the Permanent Resident of Norfolk Island visa (PRNIV) which was issued to permanent residents of Norfolk Island at an Australian airport. ; Ex-citizen visa — issued under section 35 of the Migration Act 1958 to persons whose Australian citizens has been cancelled while physically within the Australian migration zone. The person need not be told that

This is a document about Working holidays in Australia
  The visa allows a young visitor to stay in Australia for up to 12 months from the date of first entry to Australia, regardless of whether the visitor spends the whole time in Australia. The visa holder must validate the visa (enter Australia) within a year of issue. The holder may enter and leave Australia as often as they wish within the validity of the visa. Time spent outside of Australia is lost and cannot be re-claimed towards the one year validity period of the visa. Although the relevant visa sub classes allows the holder to work in Australia, Australian federal law restricts employment in the

This is a document about Driving license in the Philippines
  Overseas licenses are allowed to be used in Australia for a period of 3 months, with some allowing 6 months for visitors with a Permanent VISA. Permanent Australian residents are obliged to apply for an Australian driver's license, with some states requiring it.

This is a document about Immigration to Australia
  a student visa, most of which require a confirmed offer from an educational institution. ; Family visas - Visas are often granted on the basis of family ties in Australia. There are a number of different types of Australian family visas, including Contributory Parent visas and Spouse visas. ; Working holiday visa - This visa is a residence permit allowing travelers to undertake employment (and sometimes study) in the country issuing the visa to supplement education. Investor visas - Foreign investors could invest the business or fund in Australia to acquire the Permanent Residential of Australia, after 4 years (including the year which

This is a document about Visa requirements for Australian citizens
  a Green Card can be lodged at any Czech embassy/consulate (or, in some circumstances, within the Czech Republic if the applicant is already resident there) and is usually processed within 60 days. Note that 'Green Cards' are no longer issued after 24 June 2014. 🇩🇪 permits Australian citizens intending to stay in the country for over 3 months to enter without a visa and to apply for a residence permit after arrival (whilst for many other non-EEA and Swiss citizens, a residence permit and visa for a stay over 3 months must be applied for in advance at a German foreign mission). 🇪🇪 permits Australian citizens to

This is a document about Visa policy of Australia
  medical health coverage under Medicare. ; Resident Return Visa (RRV) (subclasses 155 and 157) - allows current and former permanent residents to travel to another country and re-enter the Australian migration zone as a permanent resident. RRVs allow the holder to re-enter Australia as often as they wish during the validity of the visa. RRVs may be issued with five years' or three months' validity. ; Special Category Visa (subclass 444) - issued under the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement to citizens of New Zealand who present a valid New Zealand passport and authorises the holder to enter Australia, live and work indefinitely. The

This is a document about Working holiday visa
  of up to 12 months from the date of first entry to Australia, regardless of whether the holder spends the whole time in Australia. There is an optional 12-month extension available for individuals that have completed three months specified work in designated rural areas of Australia. ; As of July 1, 2019, Working Holiday Visa holders who undertake six-months of specified work in a specified regional area during their second year may be eligible for a third-year visa. ; Any kind of work of a temporary or casual nature is allowed, but work for more than six months with any one employer is usually not permitted.

This is a document about Visa requirements for Australian citizens
  In general, any person who is not a European Union, European Economic Area or Swiss citizen and who wishes to stay in a Schengen member state for more than 3 months is required to obtain a national long-stay 'D' visa and/or a residence permit. Australian citizens aged 18–30 (or 18–35 in some cases) are able to obtain a national long-stay 'D' visa and/or a residence permit from some Schengen member states on the basis of a working holiday (see below). Schengen member states also issue national long-stay 'D' visas and residence permits for other reasons to those fulfilling criteria laid out in their national immigration policies (e.g.

This is a document about Special Category Visa
  Since 1 July 2017, SCV holders who were resident in Australia on or before 19 February 2016 can apply for permanent residence after 5 years in Australia, in a new stream within the Skilled Independent (subclass 189) visa. They must also submit income tax returns which show assessable income at least equivalent to the Temporary Skilled Migration Income Threshold (TSMIT) for the 5-year period (unless they are 'particularly vulnerable'), and pass mandatory health, character and security checks. The application fee for a primary applicant is AU$3,600 plus an additional AU$1,800 per partner/dependent aged 18 or above and AU$900 per dependent under 18. New Zealand citizens who are granted this visa are eligible to apply for Australian citizenship after 12 months, in addition to the 5 years as a SCV holder.

This is a document about Visa requirements for Australian citizens
  within 90 days of arrival and do not need to obtain a residence permit prior to arrival in Hungary (unlike most other non-EEA and Swiss foreign nationals). 🇱🇻 permits Australian citizens intending to stay in the country for over 3 months as self-employed persons or as businesspersons to enter Latvia without a visa and to apply for a residence permit after arrival (whilst for many non-EEA and Swiss citizens, an application for a residence permit must be lodged in advance at a Latvian foreign mission). 🇳🇱 exempts Australian citizens from the requirement to obtain a Schengen category "D" visa (the visa issued for long term stays

A permanent resident visa in Australia does not have an expiration date. However, permanent residents are required to apply for a Resident Visa (Subclass 101) if they wish to travel outside of Australia and return, as the Resident Visa is the visa that allows them to re-enter Australia as a permanent resident. The Resident Visa has a validity of 5 years.


Question: who does samantha end up with on er

Answer: Tony

This is a document about Addison Montgomery
  accident. They kiss again when Addison decides to sleep over at Sam's. Addison and Sam grow close, but she chooses to put a halt on their developing relationship, worried about the consequences in her friendship with Naomi. Addison revealed that she was in love with Sam and Pete, but she decided to begin a relationship with Pete instead, while Sam was with another doctor. Despite them being with other people, they still show they harbor feelings for each other, including jealousy when they see the other with their current significant others. After Sam becomes single again, he kisses Addison again. Although she was

This is a document about ER (season 15)
  The final season opens up revealing Gregory Pratt is the victim of the ambulance explosion. Despite the rallying efforts of his workplace colleagues, he succumbs to his injuries and dies. The season introduces Cate Banfield as new ER chief, a woman with a seemingly mysterious past with County General. Luka Kovač and Abby Lockhart leave for a new life in Boston, Brenner must deal with issues surrounding his childhood, and he comes to a crossroads in his relationship with Neela, Samantha Taggart and Tony Gates' relationship suffers a major setback after an accident involving Alex Taggart while Neela Rasgotra is forced to make some tough decisions,

This is a document about Sam Bennett (Private Practice)
  between Maya and Dink (the father), though he is certainly not pleased with the circumstances. After Maya and Dell get into a car accident, Addison operates on her to try and save her and her unborn child. The operation is successful and Maya gives birth to Sam's newborn granddaughter Olivia. Sam and Addison finally get together in the season 3 finale. During the season 4 opener Sam and Addison's relationship seemed to have not worked out, but at the end of the episode they are sharing a bathtub, showing that they are a couple indeed. In the second episode they debate over whether or not they want to

This is a document about Addison Montgomery
  Pete, she kisses Sam back and Pete catches them. Despite this, they stay together. Naomi ends her friendship with Addison after she finds about Sam and Addison. In the season finale, Addison has to operate on Maya Bennett, her godchild, who got in a car accident on her way to the hospital to give birth. She and Naomi then make up. Addison breaks up with Pete, and she and Sam finally become a couple. Although Addison wants to have children, Sam tells her he's not ready to have more children, as he wants to take time in their romance. Sam and Addison end

This is a document about Sam Bennett (Private Practice)
  Following that, they became closer until Addison put a halt on their developing relationship in "Shotgun," worried about the consequences in her relationship with Naomi for sleeping with Sam. In "Love Bites," Addison admitted to Pete, with whom she was having comfort sex, that she was in love with Sam, though he is angry and hurt by her rejection at the end of the last episode. Sam begins seeing a well known doctor, Dr. Vanessa Hoyt, and Addison begins dating Pete. They still show they harbor feelings for each other, even a hint of jealousy when they see the other with their current significant others. Vanessa realized that

This is a document about Sam Bennett (Private Practice)
  mother Bizzy returns seeking Addison's help in treating her partner Susan, ill with a tumor. After Addison and Dr. Rodriguez seem to have cured her cancer, Addison plans Bizzy and Susan's wedding. After Naomi spots Dr. Rodriguez flirting with Addison, she tells Addison that her and Sam's relationship is becoming serious and real, and that's when Addison usually screws up. Addison assures Naomi that she doesn't want to ruin it with Sam. Out of panic, she proposes to Sam. He talks to Amelia, telling her that although he didn't want to rule out marriage, it was too early in the relationship, and he knew it didn't feel right.

This is a document about Sam McCall
  coma after surgery; she wakes up and recovers On New Year's Eve 2017, Jason and Sam share a kiss, but Drew interrupts them. Jason wants to get back together with Sam, but soon learns that Sam and Drew are getting married. Sam, burying her feelings for Jason, asks him for divorce. Jason and Sam divorce, and she remarries Drew. Soon after they become official co-owners of Aurora Media. In early March, in the aftermath of the earthquake, Sam finally admits that she is still in love with Jason. After telling Drew the truth, he leaves her and they later divorce. In

This is a document about Samantha Jones (Sex and the City)
  Later in season four, Samantha meets and falls in love with hotel magnate Richard Wright (James Remar). Though the two seemed well-matched, as they are both confident, highly successful, and like sleeping around and are uninterested in relationships, Samantha finds herself becoming increasingly attached to Richard. The two eventually agree to try for a monogamous relationship. However, Samantha is heart broken when she catches him cheating on her. Despite giving Richard a second chance, she decides to end the relationship when she realizes she doesn't trust him. In the last season, she runs into Richard while out at a party with her new boyfriend, Smith, and Samantha and Richard go upstairs to have sex. During intercourse, Samantha is seen looking uninterested and pained at being with Richard. Smith waits for her downstairs, knowing what she has done, and she breaks down in his arms, apologizing to him.

This is a document about Shiny Happy People (Grey's Anatomy)
  ER, an older man named Henry is brought in for abdominal injuries he received from passing out. The doctors diagnose him with an irregular heart rhythm. Henry recognizes Betty from across the room. They are old friends who have not seen each other in many years. They begin to talk and reminisce, but have to part to get tests done. Bailey is acting extra cheerful and Derek and Mark notice this in the elevator. She is humming a song and being very friendly. After she leaves, Ben enters humming the same song. He, too, is very happy. Derek and Mark infer that

This is a document about Samantha Taggart
  "The Book of Abby", Abby fiercely defends Sam to the board (who are investigating her) saying to Sam, "nurses have gotta stick together." At the end of "The Chicago Way," it is implied that either Samantha or Dr. Greg Pratt entered a booby-trapped ambulance. The subsequent explosion resulted in a season-ending cliffhanger. The Season 15 opener, "Life after Death", revealed that Dr. Greg Pratt was in the ambulance and later died from injuries sustained in the blast. Towards the end of Season 14, Sam begins a relationship with Dr. Tony Gates. Their relationship progresses and they end up moving in together in Season

This is a document about Addison Montgomery
  relationship and Addison goes on a date with a man named Jake (played by Benjamin Bratt). He invites her to Fiji, and although she initially agrees, in the end she chooses to get back together with Sam. At the beginning of season 5, Sam and Addison are back together, although they break up again as he is still not ready to commit to marriage and a family with her. Jake is hired at the practice, which at first makes Addison uncomfortable. Jake is a very gifted doctor whose speciality is helping women with fertility issues become pregnant. He becomes Addison's doctor and helps

This is a document about Addison Montgomery
  and both admit to having feelings for the other. However, Jake realizes that Addison is not over Sam and does not want to be a rebound, but tells her he will wait for her. Although Addison decides to stop fertility treatments, her dream of having a child finally comes true, and she adopts a baby boy named Henry. Sam begins to regret his decision to leave Addison and makes excuses to spend time with Henry, but Addison decides to focus on her baby instead of pursuing a relationship with either Sam or Jake. In the season finale, Addison and Jake have sex

This is a document about ER (season 4)
  ER. She begins to date a Synergix representative, Ellis West, who advises her to fire a physician's assistant, which happens to be Jeanie Boulet. Jeanie fights for her job, claiming that she was fired because of her HIV status. Facing a lawsuit, Chief of Staff Donald Anspaugh decides to hire her back. Weaver begins to see Synergix's dark side, and breaks up with West because she feels he is using her, effectively cutting off all ties with Synergix. During all of this, Jeanie's ex-husband, Al, is forced to reveal his HIV status. This gets him fired and forces him to look for

This is a document about Adrian "Fletch" Fletcher
  and terminates it. She avoids Fletch, but when they eventually speak, Tess ends their relationship. Zoe later realises that they have been in a relationship after noticing the tension between them at work. The following week, Natalie arrives in the ED to see Fletch but is admitted after fainting. Tess treats Natalie and discovers that she is pregnant. After Tess is admitted to the ED, Fletch discovers that she had a termination and is upset. Fletch tells Tess that he loves her, but she replies that she does not feel the same, devastating him. Afterward, Fletch decides to focus on his marriage.

This is a document about Chicago Med
 Julie Berman as Dr. Samantha "Sam" Zanetti (season 1), an attending trauma surgeon who briefly dates Dr. Connor Rhodes ; Deron J. Powell as Tate Jenkins (seasons 1–2), a retired NFL player who begins dating Nurse April Sexton when she helps treat his son in season one. They become engaged in season two, but break it off shortly after she is infected with tuberculosis and miscarries their child. ; Jeremy Shouldis as Dr. Marty Peterson (Season 1-present), an anesthesiologist with a silky, deep voice. ; Peter Mark Kendall as Joey Thomas, a lab tech who dates Dr. Sarah Reese in seasons one and two. ; Roland Buck III as

This is a document about ER (season 4)
  in the subject, considering her ex-boyfriend went through a similar experience. Unfortunately, their efforts were in vain, because Chase started using again, eventually crippling him for life. At the end of the season, Anna's ex-boyfriend comes to the hospital to see if the ER is in need of a pediatrics attending. Anna is still in love with him, and faces a decision about her future in the ER. While Mark is away, a large explosion sends multiple patients to the ER. Weaver briefly suffers a seizure after being exposed to the toxic fumes. Mark returns and has fully recovered from his beating.

This is a document about Jason Morgan and Sam McCall
  and she and Jason painfully agree to end their relationship. Of the couple's separation, General Hospital Co-Head Writer Chris Van Etten said, "Sam and Jason will always love one another, but they are committed to this course of action." He continues, "Under ideal circumstances, there would be no question as to whether or not they would spend the rest of their lives together. But right now, Sam believes she is making the right decision for her family, and Jason agrees. They’ll always be in each other’s lives, but Jason believes staying away is the right thing to do for now."

This is a document about ER (TV series)
  Parminder Nagra as Dr. Neela Rasgotra, Shane West as Dr. Ray Barnett, Linda Cardellini as nurse Samantha Taggart, John Stamos as intern Tony Gates, David Lyons as Dr. Simon Brenner and Angela Bassett as Dr. Catherine Banfield. In addition to the main cast, ER featured a large number of frequently seen recurring cast members who played key roles such as paramedics, hospital support staff, nurses, and doctors. ER also featured a sizable roster of well-known guest stars, some making rare television appearances, who typically played patients in single episode appearances or multi-episode arcs. Mickey Rooney and son Jimmy Rooney made guest appearances.

This is a document about Tony Gates
  she went to Nepal on a long spiritual retreat, and he and Samantha Taggart began a sexual relationship which started out with a kiss Samantha gave to Gates. After Gates called Sam for being distant towards him, they began a more mature dating relationship, although they also got caught having sex on a hospital security camera. On the first day of the ER's new chief Catherine Banfield in Season 15, Tony Gates and the new interns treat a bio-terrorist with a broken leg who accidentally releases a bag of weaponized ricin in the ER. Tony and the interns are forced to remain

This is a document about Carla Crozier
  of Carla and she instantly caused trouble by manipulating an abusive parent to drive drunk, causing him to crash into the hospital and kill Nurse Carmen Roberts (Theresa Healey). Carla began a relationship with former Paramedic Sam Aleni (Rene Naufahu) whom was on a downward spiral and turning to alcohol. When Bernie returned after being acquitted of assault, Carla promised she would divorce him and take all his money. The two were injured when an earthquake hit Ferndale and a bloodied Bernie insulted Carla, resulting in her battering him to death with a candlestick, framing the scene to look like a

Samantha ends up in a relationship with Pete, but they break up when she realizes she still has feelings for Addison. Later, she becomes pregnant with Addison's baby and they get back together.


Question: when was the first international earth day celebrated

Answer: in 1970

This is a document about Earth Day
  Earth Day is an annual event on April 22 to demonstrate support for environmental protection. First held on April 22, 1970, it now includes a wide range of events coordinated globally by EarthDay.org (formerly Earth Day Network) including 1 billion people in more than 193 countries. In 1969 at a UNESCO Conference in San Francisco, peace activist John McConnell proposed a day to honor the Earth and the concept of peace, to first be observed on March 21, 1970, the first day of spring in the northern hemisphere. This day of nature's equipoise was later sanctioned in a proclamation written

This is a document about Environmentalism
  "tree huggers"). Their peaceful methods of protest and slogan "ecology is permanent economy" were very influential. Another milestone in the movement was the creation of Earth Day. Earth Day was first observed in San Francisco and other cities on 21 March 1970, the first day of spring. It was created to give awareness to environmental issues. On 21 March 1971, United Nations Secretary-General U Thant spoke of a spaceship Earth on Earth Day, hereby referring to the ecosystem services the earth supplies to us, and hence our obligation to protect it (and with it, ourselves). Earth Day is now coordinated globally by the Earth Day Network, and is celebrated

This is a document about Timeline of history of environmentalism
 1970 — Earth Day – April 22., millions of people gather in the United States for the first Earth day organized by Gaylord Nelson, former senator of Wisconsin, and Denis Hayes, Harvard graduate student. ; — US Environmental Protection Agency established. ; — Francis A. Schaeffer publishes Pollution and the Death of Man. ; — Arne Næss leads the non-violent civil disobedience protest against damming of the Mardalsfossen waterfall, later publishing on the deep ecology philosophy. ; — Center for Science in the Public Interest founded. ; — Environmental Action founded. ; — League of Conservation Voters founded. ; —

This is a document about Environmental movement
  Spring sold over two million copies and is linked to a nationwide ban on DDT and the creation of the EPA. Beginning in 1969 and continuing into the 1970s, Illinois-based environmental activist James F. Phillips engaged in numerous covert anti-pollution campaigns using the pseudonym "the Fox." His activities included plugging illegal sewage outfall pipes and dumping toxic wastewater produced by a US Steel factory inside the company's Chicago corporate office. Phillips' "ecotage" campaigns attracted considerable media attention and subsequently inspired other direct action protests against environmental destruction. The first Earth Day was celebrated on 22 April 1970. Its founder, former Wisconsin Senator Gaylord Nelson, was inspired to

This is a document about John McConnell (peace activist)
  balance upon which all life on Earth depends. The proposal won strong support and was followed by an Earth Day Proclamation by the City of San Francisco on March 1, 1970, "Honor the Earth" and the first celebration of Earth Day on March 21, 1970. In June 1970, McConnell created the Earth Day Proclamation for worldwide use and awareness, which declared the principles and responsibilities the signers undertook to care for the Earth. It was signed by 36 world leaders, including UN Secretary General U Thant, Margaret Mead, John Gardner and others. The spring equinox Earth Day is celebrated in the Northern Hemisphere in many cities with ringing of peace bells. Earth Day has been celebrated annually since 1970 at the United Nations with ringing of the UN Peace Bell.

This is a document about Earth Day
  in 1972, and the United Nations Earth Day ceremony has continued each year since on the day of the March equinox (the United Nations also works with organizers of the April 22 global event). Margaret Mead added her support for the equinox Earth Day, and in 1978 declared: Earth Day is the first holy day which transcends all national borders, yet preserves all geographical integrities, spans mountains and oceans and time belts, and yet brings people all over the world into one resonating accord, is devoted to the preservation of the harmony in nature and yet draws upon the triumphs of technology, the measurement of time, and

This is a document about 1970s
  The 1970s started a mainstream affirmation of the environmental issues early activists from the 1960s, such as Rachel Carson and Murray Bookchin, had warned of. The Apollo 11 mission, which had occurred at the end of the previous decade, had transmitted back concrete images of the Earth as an integrated, life-supporting system and shaped a public willingness to preserve nature. On April 22, 1970, the United States celebrated its first Earth Day, in which over two thousand colleges and universities and roughly ten thousand primary and secondary schools participated.

This is a document about World Environment Day
  World Environment Day was established in 1972 by the United Nations at the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment ( 5–16 June 1972), that had resulted from discussions on the integration of human interactions and the environment. Two years later, in 1974 the first WED was held with the theme "Only One Earth". Even though WED celebrations have been held annually since 1974, in 1987 the idea for rotating the center of these activities through selecting different host countries began.

This is a document about Sustainability and systemic change resistance
  States should enact effective environmental legislation... [to] protect the climate system for the benefit of present and future generations of humankind...." While environmentalism had long been a minor force in political change, the movement strengthened significantly in the 1970s with the first Earth Day in 1970, in which over 20 million people participated, with publication of The Limits to Growth in 1972, and with the first United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm in 1972. Early expectations the problem could be solved ran high. 114 out of 132 members of the United Nations attended the Stockholm conference. The conference

This is a document about Earth Day
  In 1968, Morton Hilbert and the U.S. Public Health Service organized the Human Ecology Symposium, an environmental conference for students to hear from scientists about the effects of environmental degradation on human health. This was the beginning of Earth Day. For the next two years, Hilbert and students worked to plan the first Earth Day. In April 1970—along with a federal proclamation from U.S. Sen. Gaylord Nelson—the first Earth Day was held. Project Survival, an early environmentalism-awareness education event, was held at Northwestern University on January 23, 1970. This was the first of several events held at university campuses across the United States in the lead-up to the first Earth Day. Also, Ralph Nader began talking about the importance of ecology in 1970. The 1960s had been a very dynamic period for ecology in the US. Pre-1960 grassroots activism against DDT in Nassau County, New York, and widespread opposition to open-air nuclear weapons tests with their global nuclear fallout, had inspired Rachel Carson to write her influential bestseller, Silent Spring (1962).

This is a document about Greenwashing
  Keep America Beautiful was a campaign founded by beverage manufacturers and others in 1953, partly to forestall regulation of disposable containers. In the mid 1960s, the environmental movement gained momentum. This popularity prompted many companies to create a new green image through advertising. Jerry Mander, a former Madison Avenue advertising executive, called this new form of advertising "ecopornography". The first Earth Day was held on April 22, 1970. This encouraged many industries to advertise themselves as being friendly to the environment. Public utilities spent 300 million dollars advertising themselves as clean green companies. This was eight times more than the money they spent on pollution

This is a document about Earth Day
  The first Canadian Earth Day (Jour de la Terre) was held on Thursday, September 11, 1980, and was organized by Paul D. Tinari, then a graduate student in Engineering Physics/Solar Engineering at Queen's University. Flora MacDonald, then MP for Kingston and the Islands and former Canadian Secretary of State for External Affairs, officially opened Earth Day Week on September 6, 1980, with a ceremonial tree planting and encouraged MPs and MPPs across the country to declare a cross-Canada annual Earth Day. The principal activities taking place on the first Earth Day included educational lectures given by experts in various environmental fields, garbage and litter pick-up by students along city roads and highways, and tree plantings to replace the trees killed by Dutch elm disease.

This is a document about Earth Day
  The equinoctial Earth Day is celebrated on the March equinox (around March 20) to mark the arrival of astronomical spring in the Northern Hemisphere, and of astronomical autumn in the Southern Hemisphere. An equinox in astronomy is that point in time (not a whole day) when the Sun is directly above the Earth's equator, occurring around March 20 and September 23 each year. In most cultures, the equinoxes and solstices are considered to start or separate the seasons, although weather patterns evolve earlier. John McConnell first introduced the idea of a global holiday called "Earth Day" at the 1969 UNESCO Conference on the Environment. The first Earth

This is a document about Morton Hilbert
  In 1968, Hilbert and the U.S. Public Health Service organized the Human Ecology Symposium, an environmental conference for students to hear from scientists about the effects of environmental degradation on human health. For the next two years, Hilbert and students worked to plan the first Earth Day. Professor Hilbert worked with graduate students nationwide to develop increased interest and awareness about environmental issues. As a result of his efforts, the first "Earth Day" demonstration in the U.S. took place on The University of Michigan campus in March 1970, which was followed by similar events across the country. In the spring of 1970—along with a federal proclamation from U.S. Sen. Gaylord Nelson—the first Earth Day was held nationwide.

This is a document about Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1970
  the local fishing economy. The event led to widespread criticism of both Union Oil and the offshore oil drilling industry. On April 22, 1970, the first Earth Day brought millions of Americans together to peacefully demonstrate in support of environmental reform. In April 1969, President Richard Nixon addressed these environmental concerns by establishing the Environmental Quality Council in his cabinet, along with the complementary Citizens' Advisory Committee on Environmental Quality. In December of the same year, Nixon received the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) from Congress, a bill that Congress stated was intended to "create and maintain conditions under which man and nature can exist in

This is a document about Environmental movement
 1832 – Hot Springs Reservation ; 1864 – Yosemite Valley ; 1872 – Yellowstone National Park ; 1892 – Sierra Club ; 1916 – National Park Service Organic Act ; 1916 – National Audubon Society ; 1949 – UN Scientific Conference on the Conservation and Utilization of Resources ; 1961 – World Wildlife Foundation ; 1964 – Land and Water Conservation Act ; 1964 – National Wilderness Preservation System ; 1968 – National Trails System Act ; 1968 – National Wild and Scenic Rivers System/Wild and Scenic Rivers Act ; 1969 – National Environmental Policy Act ; 1970 – First Earth Day- 22 April ; 1970 – Clean Air Act ; 1970 – Environmental Protection Agency ; 1971 – Greenpeace ; 1972 – Clean Water Act ; 1973 – Endangered Species Act ; 1980 – Earth First! ; 1992 – UN Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro ; 1997 – Kyoto Protocol commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions ; 2017 – First National CleanUp Day

This is a document about Environmental education
  education and support teachers in incorporating sustainability into their curricula. One of the first articles about environmental education as a new movement appeared in the Phi Delta Kappan in 1969, authored by James A. Swan. A definition of "Environmental Education" first appeared in The Journal of Environmental Education in 1969, written by William B. Stapp. Stapp later went on to become the first Director of Environmental Education for UNESCO, and then the Global Rivers International Network. Ultimately, the first Earth Day on April 22, 1970 – a national teach-in about environmental problems – paved the way for the modern environmental education movement. Later that same year,

This is a document about Celebrate Planet Earth
  York City to celebrate the first Earth's Birthday on the Great Lawn of Central Park. With the help of teachers, donors and the Parks Commission, the children celebrated the 20th anniversary of Earth Day on April 20, 1990, and were joined by NYC Mayor Dinkins. The first year's events “launched” the Earth's Birthday Project as a nonprofit organization. Several components of the first celebration have become hallmarks of Earth's Birthday Project's educational activities through the years: Earth's Birthday Project still puts butterflies into the hands of children, through programs in schools and individually to families. The organization also promotes the teaching of environmental issues as part of school science curriculum. Earth's Birthday Project rebranded as Celebrate Planet Earth in 2019.

This is a document about Framing (social sciences)
  has set the stage for modern environmental ethics, calling for conservation and preservation of nature and wilderness. Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, published in 1962, revealed the environmental and human health harms of pesticides and successfully advocated for the cessation of DDT usage. The concept of global climate change and subsequently the activism space pertaining to the climate took off in the 1970’s. The first Earth Day took place on April 22, 1970. The decades following witnessed the establishment of Greenpeace, Earth First!, the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP), and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Landmark climate documents in the last 30 years include the Rio

This is a document about Julian Koenig
  by doing an IPO. Within years several other agencies followed their lead. Koenig was on Senator Gaylord Nelson's 1969 committee that established Earth Day on April 22. Koenig coined the name "Earth Day". Koenig later stated that he was inspired by the fact that “Earth Day” rhymes with “birthday” (April 22 was also Koenig’s birthday). Denis Hayes, the environmental activist who coordinated the first Earth Day, recounts Koenig's involvement: "Weirdly, there have been a handful of other people who have also claimed credit for coming up with "Earth Day"—and Gaylord Nelson, who wasn't actually involved in the decision, tossed out a couple cockamamie stories about Wisconsin people over the years, which

The first international Earth Day was celebrated on April 22, 1970. However, the idea for Earth Day was first proposed by John McConnell in 1969.


Question: who is required to file a flight plan

Answer: flight dispatcher

This is a document about Flight plan
   Flight plans are documents filed by a pilot or flight dispatcher with the local Air Navigation Service Provider (e.g. the FAA in the United States) prior to departure which indicate the plane's planned route or flight path. Flight plan format is specified in ICAO Doc 4444. They generally include basic information such as departure and arrival points, estimated time en route, alternate airports in case of bad weather, type of flight (whether instrument flight rules [IFR] or visual flight rules [VFR]), the pilot's information, number of people on board and information about the aircraft itself. In most countries, flight plans are required for flights under IFR, but may be optional for flying VFR unless crossing international

This is a document about Flight planning
  Although VFR flights often do not require filing a flight plan (Source?), a certain amount of flight planning remains necessary. The captain has to make sure that there will be enough fuel on board for the trip and sufficient reserve fuel for unforeseen circumstances. Weight and centre of gravity must remain within their limits during the whole flight. The captain must prepare an alternate flight plan for when landing at the original destination is not possible. In Canada, however, the regulations state that "... no pilot-in-command shall operate an aircraft in VFR flight unless a VFR flight plan or a VFR flight itinerary has been filed, except where the flight is conducted within 25 NM of the departure aerodrome."

This is a document about Virtual Air Traffic Simulation Network
  may also undertake optional training to learn how to fly certain procedures on the network. The current pilot ratings are: Pilots are able to file their own flight plans either through their flight plan dialog in their pilot client or "pre-filing" by using the myVATSIM ICAO flight planning form, also used by flight planning sites and flight tracking tools such as projectFLY, SimBrief, SimToolkitPro, and Volanta. Air Traffic Controllers are required to undertake mandatory training before they are permitted to direct traffic. The Global Ratings Policy defines the requirements for each ATC rating, preceding local division restrictions. The ratings are as follows:

This is a document about OMB Circular A-126
 the agency head has determined that all travel by the individual qualifies as required use travel or ; the President has determined that all travel by the agency head qualifies as required use. name of each traveler ; official purpose of trip ; destination(s) ; the appropriate allocated share of the full operating cost of the trip tail number of the plane used ; date(s) used ; name(s) of pilot(s) and flight crew ; purpose(s) of the flight ; the route(s) flown ; names of all passengers Typically only an agency head or officials that are designated by the agency head may approve the use of agency aircraft, but government aircraft may also be used when it is

This is a document about Flight planning
  planning replaced manual flight planning for eastbound flights across the North Atlantic, the average fuel consumption was reduced by about 1000 lbs per flight, and the average flight times were reduced by about 5 minutes per flight. Some commercial airlines have their own internal flight planning system, while others employ the services of external planners. A licensed flight dispatcher or flight operations officer is required by law to carry out flight planning and flight watch tasks in many commercial operating environments (e.g., US FAR §121, Canadian regulations). These regulations vary by country but more and more countries require their airline operators to employ such personnel.

This is a document about Flight plan
  Flight plans may be submitted before departure or even after the aircraft is in the air. However flight plans may be submitted up to 120 hours in advance either by voice or by data link; though they are usually filled out or submitted just several hours before departure. The minimum recommended time is 1 hour before departure for domestic flights, and up to three hours before international flights. This time depends on the country the aircraft is flying out of.

This is a document about Equipment codes
  and a single letter is used to designate the transponder. The FAA began requiring the ICAO format form for domestic flights desiring RNAV routes on 29 July 2008. The ICAO format has already been in use for all domestic flight plans in Canada, Mexico and many other countries for a number of years. Regardless of the form used, Air traffic controllers (ATC) issue clearances based on filed equipment codes, therefore it is important for pilots to use the appropriate coding. For example, if a desired route requires GPS, then the pilot should file /G, even if the aircraft also qualifies for other suffixes (this may be moot due to new RNAV routing requirements to use the ICAO form & codes). Pilots are recommended to file the maximum capability of

This is a document about Flight plan
  Flight plans are highly recommended, especially when flying over inhospitable areas, such as water, as they provide a way of alerting rescuers if the flight is overdue. In the United States and Canada, when an aircraft is crossing the Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ), either an IFR or a special type of VFR flight plan called a DVFR (Defense VFR) flight plan must be filed. For IFR flights, flight plans are used by air traffic control to initiate tracking and routing services. For VFR flights, their only purpose is to provide needed information should search and rescue operations be required, or for use by air traffic control when flying in a "Special Flight Rules Area".

This is a document about No Fly List (India)
  The procedure to place a passenger on the list must be initiated by the pilot in command of the flight who makes a report to the airline. The airline must form an internal committee to study the case and decide on punishment. The committee must be headed by a retired District or Sessions judge, and the remaining members come from various scheduled airline and passenger associations, consumer associations and retired officials of the Consumer Dispute Redressal Forum. The committee must make its decision within 30 days. During the 30 day period, the passenger is prohibited from boarding flights operated by the airline that filed the

This is a document about Departure card
 Full name ; Nationality ; Passport number ; Flight number or name of aircraft, ship or vehicle ; Purpose of trip: vacation, education/study, visiting relatives/families, business, diplomatic ; Duration of stay ; Destination (next stop of disembarkation) ; Address in country Typically the information on the departure card includes Travelers are also required to sign, date and declare the information is true, correct and complete. Passengers on international flights required to fill in departure cards need a valid boarding pass and Passport to proceed through immigration checkpoints.

This is a document about Pilot licensing and certification
  every 24 months with a flight review but U.S. airlines require training at least once every 12 months, at which time a test is conducted that satisfies this bi-annual flight review. After the 2009 crash of Colgan Air Flight 3407, Congress passed legislation, subsequently signed into law, requiring any pilot flying for a Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) Part 121 airline (all United States major airlines and their regional affiliates), that requires three or more pilots to include new-hire first officers, must have had at least an "ATP certificate with restricted privileges" license except if you were licensed after July 31, 2013, then you must have an ATP certificate.

This is a document about Visa policy of Canada
  conducting inspections of flight operation procedures or cabin safety of a commercial air carrier operating international flights and holding valid documentations. 🇨🇦 Permanent residents of Canada (including those who have not formally renounced their permanent residency). ; 🇺🇸 U.S. citizens and nationals; The following persons are exempted from obtaining an eTA: In addition, persons on a flight that originates from or travels to the United States and stops in Canada for refuelling do not need an eTA, nor do those on a flight that has made an emergency landing in Canada. The following persons do not require an eTA to enter Canada by air, and are in fact barred from applying for the eTA:

This is a document about Automated Export System
  the Denver Airport. ; Whether it is a "Routed Transaction": A Routed Export Transaction is an export transaction where the foreign principal party in interest (Consignee) authorizes a U.S. forwarding or other agent to facilitate export of items from the United States. In a routed export transaction, the U.S. Principal Party in Interest (USPPI) remains the entity in the United States that receives the primary benefit monetary or otherwise of the export transaction. ; Whether the shipment contains hazardous materials. ; A description of each of the commodities being shipped, including their Harmonized Tariff Schedule code, weight, customs value, quantity, and if any require an export license or permit. Among the data that is required to file an EEI includes the following:

This is a document about Type rating
  In order to remain complaint with ICAO Annex 1, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in the United States requires co-pilots (second-in-command, or SIC) to have a 'SIC Type Rating' for aircraft requiring a crew of two, and otherwise requires a type rating to act as pilot-in-command (PIC) to fly internationally, or over international airspace. This is outlined in Code of Federal Regulations Title 14 §61.55 (14 CFR 61.55) and introduced in 2006. Such a type rating is not required for operations completely within the United States. An instrument rating is required for some type ratings. In the United States some type ratings can be issued with a "visual flight rules (VFR) only" limitation when the type rating checkride was conducted without instrument flight rules (IFR) approaches or operations, but only VFR maneuvers and procedures. This is most typical in older aircraft (i.e. Ford Trimotor, N-B25, B17, etc.)

This is a document about Flight service station
  In Canada, Flight Information Centres (FIC) monitor the FISE frequencies (frequency 126.7 MHz is for broadcasts) as well as 121.5 MHz, the emergency frequency. However, Canadian FIC have phased out the use of 126.7 MHz for FISE (en route flight information) and are instead utilizing discrete frequencies. This is to decrease the frequency congestion often experienced on 126.7. These frequencies are found in the Canada Flight Supplement (CFS). Unlike in the United States, even for VFR flights, pilots are required to file a flight plan or have a flight itinerary with a responsible person for any flight greater than 25 nm from the departure aerodrome. Also, in Canada, flight

This is a document about Pilot in command
  Under U.S. FAA FAR 91.3, "Responsibility and authority of the pilot in command", the FAA declares: 1. The pilot in command of an aircraft is directly responsible for, and is the final authority as to, the operation of that aircraft. 2. In an in-flight emergency requiring immediate action, the pilot in command may deviate from any rule of this part to the extent required to meet that emergency. 3. Each pilot in command who deviates from a rule under paragraph (b) of this section shall, upon the request of the Administrator, send a written report of that deviation to the Administrator. U.S. FAA FAR 121.533(e) gives broad and complete final authority

This is a document about Texas International Airlines Flight 655
  was the captains decision to continue flying into inclement weather at night, his not taking advantage of the nearby navigational aids to get a fix on their position, and his decision to descend despite the first officers concerns about position and terrain. In the coming years, FAA regulations pertaining to commercial flights would require that all airliners operate only on instrument flight plans when passengers are carried. This rule has undoubtedly contributed much to the safety of airline travel, as flights under those rules specify altitudes and routes that must be followed and that have been predetermined to provide terrain clearance.

This is a document about Flight management system
  The flight plan is generally determined on the ground, before departure either by the pilot for smaller aircraft or a professional dispatcher for airliners. It is entered into the FMS either by typing it in, selecting it from a saved library of common routes (Company Routes) or via an ACARS datalink with the airline dispatch center. During preflight, other information relevant to managing the flight plan is entered. This can include performance information such as gross weight, fuel weight and center of gravity. It will include altitudes including the initial cruise altitude. For aircraft that do not have a GPS, the initial position is also required. The pilot uses the FMS to

This is a document about 2015 in aviation
  Zamo, as well as 15 civilians. ; The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) announces that it will begin to require the registration of privately owned recreational unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with the United States Department of Transportation. United States Secretary of Transportation Anthony Foxx announces that the FAA and Department of Transportation will set up a task force of U.S. government officials and industry representatives to make recommendations on a registion system by 20 November, with the United States Government hoping to have the system in place and functioning by 25 December. American hobbyists are projected to purchase 700,000 UAVs

This is a document about Executive Order 13780
  Under Section 8 of Executive Order 13780, the head of DHS must "expedite the completion and implementation of a biometric entry–exit tracking system for in-scope travelers to the United States, as recommended by the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States." Gary Leff, an airline-industry expert, referring to a 2016 DHS publication, believed it was likely the term "in-scope" referred to all non-U.S. citizens within the ages of 14 and 79, which Leff believed would increase the costs (money and time) of air travel perhaps due to fingerprinting requirements for all such people who traveled into the U.S.

In general, pilots are required to file a flight plan for flights in controlled airspace or for flights that cross international borders. However, the specific requirements may vary depending on the country and the type of flight. For example, in Canada, pilots are required to file a flight plan for VFR flights within 25 NM of the departure aerodrome or for VFR flights outside of Canada. In the United States, flight plans are required for flights in controlled airspace or for flights that cross international borders. It's important to check the specific regulations of the country where the flight will be conducted for the most accurate information


Question: who wrote michael jackson 's man in the mirror

Answer: Siedah Garrett

This is a document about Man in the Mirror
  "Man in the Mirror" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Michael Jackson, with lyrics and music by Glen Ballard and Siedah Garrett, and produced by Jackson and Quincy Jones. It was released on February 6, 1988 as the fourth single from his seventh solo album, Bad (1987). "Man in the Mirror" topped the Billboard Hot 100 for two weeks, becoming Jackson's tenth number-one single on the chart, and was certified 3x Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It was nominated for Record of the Year at the 31st Grammy Awards. The song peaked at number 21 in the UK Singles Chart upon release in 1988, but in 2009, following the news of Jackson's death, the song peaked at number 2. Keeping the

This is a document about Man in the Mirror
  "Man in the Mirror" was composed by Glen Ballard and Siedah Garrett. Jackson did rewrite the lyrics to the song, but left the credits as they were. Jackson added background vocals from Garrett, the Winans and the Andraé Crouch Choir. The song is said to have been one of Jackson's favorite songs. Arranged with a gospel choir, Jackson would use a gospel choir again several years later on his hit "Will You Be There". Siedah Garrett also sang Jackson's duet "I Just Can't Stop Loving You" in mid-1987. The song is played in the keys of G major and A major at a tempo of 100 bpm. The vocal range is E3–G5. The single sleeve for "Man in the Mirror" contains a dedication to Yoshiaki Ogiwara, a five-year-old boy from Takasaki, Gunma, Japan who was kidnapped and murdered in September 1987. Jackson was touring Japan at the time and dedicated concerts in Osaka and Yokohama to Yoshiaki's memory. Glen Ballard had sequenced the song’s entire drum beat on a Linn 9000 drum machine, which appears on record with additional claps and cymbals from Ollie E. Brown according to the album credits.

This is a document about Bad (album)
  early version of the Bad song "Another Part of Me". Work resumed in August and continued until November 1986, when Jackson filmed the "Bad" music video. Recording resumed in January 1987, and the album was completed in July. Jackson wrote a reported 60 songs, and recorded 30, wanting to use them all on a three-disc set. Jones suggested that the album be cut down to a ten-track single LP. Jackson is credited for writing all but two songs; other writing credits include Terry Britten and Graham Lyle for "Just Good Friends" and Siedah Garrett and Glen Ballard for "Man in the Mirror".

This is a document about Pray (Justin Bieber song)
  "PRAY" was written by Omar Martinez and Adam Messinger and Nasri Atweh of The Messengers. While Bieber was being interviewed by Ryan Seacrest on his radio show, Bieber talked about the song's initial writing stating the song was influenced by Michael Jackson, Bieber elaborated, "It's a very uplifting song, very motivational. It definitely comes from the heart. It's very beautiful. I definitely thought of Michael [Jackson's] 'Man in the Mirror' when I was writing it." The song was released as a CD single in Germany on December 3, 2010. "Pray" is a mid-tempo song that uses a "world-music beat" as a backing. According

This is a document about Sakis Rouvas
  After moving to Patras, Rouvas continued to look for performance opportunities until he met Dakis (a popular Greek artist who was the first person to help him professionally). Rouvas moved to Athens, and made his first professional appearance in 1991 at the Show Centre. His showmanship attracted the attention of music executives such as Nikos Mouratidis, who encouraged songwriter Giorgos Pavrianos to produce him. Rouvas, singing Michael Jackson's "Man in the Mirror" was discovered by PolyGram executives who signed him to his first recording contract. After moving to Athens he lived with an older English woman named Sally, with whom he had begun a relationship on Corfu. Their relationship ended when Psinakis became Rouvas'

This is a document about Pop Winans
  the only one of the Winans children not to enter the music business. Sons Ronald, Carvin II, Marvin and Michael were discovered by Andraé Crouch and were signed onto Light Records in 1981 under the name "The Winans". The Winans released several hit albums and appeared in Michael Jackson's "Man in the Mirror" before disbanding in 1995. The Winans have, however, reunited several times since their initial disbandment in 1995. Shortly after the band's disband, Ronald Winans began feeling ill. On January 31, 1997, Winans was admitted to the University of Michigan Hospital at Ann Arbor after suffering a massive heart attack due to an aortic tear. Ronald Winans was expected

This is a document about Andraé Crouch
  Jessy Dixon and The Winans to the label, from where they all enjoyed successful gospel music careers. In 1996, Crouch and his music were honored on the Grammy Award-winning CD, Tribute: The Songs of Andraé Crouch, released by Warner Bros. Records. The album featured a wide range of artists performing Crouch's classic songs and featured the Brooklyn Tabernacle Choir, Take 6, Twila Paris, and Michael W. Smith. Crouch and his sister Sandra had a friendship and music relationship with Michael Jackson. In 1987, the Andraé Crouch Choir sang background vocals along with Siedah Garrett and The Winans on Jackson's hit single "Man in the Mirror" from the

This is a document about Man in the Mirror
  choir arrangement, the song was remixed for the soundtrack of Jackson's tribute tour Immortal. The "Man in the Mirror" music video was directed, produced and edited by Don Wilson. Don and Michael Jackson developed the idea for the video. Larry Stessel who was video commissioner at Epic Records at the time was the executive producer. It features a montage of clips of starving children in Africa, Adolf Hitler, Hitler's American "relatives", George Lincoln Rockwell's American Nazi Party, the Ku Klux Klan, Martin Luther King Jr., the Kent State shootings, Mother Teresa, Mahatma Gandhi, Desmond Tutu, Mikhail Gorbachev, Nelson Mandela, Pieter Botha, Lech Wałęsa, the June Struggle in South Korea, homeless people in the U.S., baby Jessica McClure's rescue, kids in graduation, and other historical figures.

This is a document about Love It If We Made It
  Chris Richards of The Washington Post considers "Love It If We Made It" to be a contemporary protest song, finding Healy's frustration with capitalism is misdirected at modernity. Mitch Mosk of Atwood Magazine also identified it as a protest song, capturing the feelings of overwhelmingness and hope while providing a wakeup call that demands a change be made in society. Similarly, Roisin O'Connor of The Independent called "Love It If We Made It" a generational protest song, on par with Billy Joel's "We Didn't Start the Fire" (1989) and Michael Jackson's "Man in the Mirror" (1988). In contrast, El Hunt of NME argued that rather than

This is a document about Pray (Justin Bieber song)
  "Pray" is a song performed by Canadian singer Justin Bieber. The song was written by Bieber along with Omar Martinez, and Adam Messinger and Nasri of The Messengers, with the latter duo producing the track. The song is taken as a single in several European countries from his first compilation album, My Worlds: The Collection. In the United States and Canada, the song is included on My Worlds Acoustic. According to Bieber, he was inspired by Michael Jackson's "Man in the Mirror" (1988) when writing the song. The song is a contemporary Christian song, using a world music backdrop. It primarily features acoustic instruments, but it does

This is a document about Luther Vandross
  He made two public appearances at Diana Ross's Return to Love Tour: at its opening in Philadelphia at First Union Spectrum and its final stop at Madison Square Garden on July 6, 2000. In September 2001, Vandross performed a rendition of Michael Jackson's hit song "Man in the Mirror" at Jackson's 30th Anniversary special, alongside Usher and 98 Degrees. In the spring of 2003, Vandross' last collaboration was Doc Powell's song "What's Going On", a cover of Marvin Gaye's seminal 1971 original, from Powell's album 97th and Columbus. In 2003, Vandross released the album Dance with My Father. It sold 442,000 copies in the first week and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 album chart. The title track of the same name, which was dedicated to Vandross' childhood memories of dancing with his father, won Vandross and his co-writer, Richard Marx,

This is a document about Edyta Górniak
  Górniak released her first English-language album Edyta Górniak a year later, in November 1997. It was produced by Christopher Neil, who was responsible for the international success of Celine Dion. Songs were written by writers of many legendary pop classics like: Billy Steinberg ("Like A Virgin" for Madonna), Simon Climie ("I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)" for Aretha Franklin and George Michael), George Merrill and Shannon Rubican ("I Wanna Dance With Somebody" for Whitney Houston), Siedah Garrett ("Man in the Mirror" for Michael Jackson) or Rick Nowels ("Falling into You" for Celine Dion). However, the mediocre success of the singles When You Come Back to

This is a document about Butterfly Fly Away
  child's coming of age. In Hannah Montana: The Movie, the Cyruses perform the song as their characters in "a tender movie scene under a gazebo in the rain". Billy Ray said filming the scene was "a pretty special moment. The song itself was written by Glen Ballard, a masterful songwriter who wrote 'Man in the Mirror' for Michael Jackson. I knew it was a pretty special song [...] and it certainly comes at a nice spot in the movie." The contemporary country duet is set in common time with a gentle tempo of 69 beats per minute. The song's vocals range two octaves, from C3 to B4. The song is written in a key of B major and features the chord progression, Esus2—B—C7.

This is a document about Man in the Mirror
  "Man in the Mirror" was the 4th consecutive number-one single for Jackson's Bad in the United States. The single debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 at number 48 on February 6, 1988, and reached number 1 by its 8th week on the chart, on March 26, 1988, where it remained for 2 weeks. The song originally peaked at number 21 in the United Kingdom in 1988. However, following Jackson's death on June 25, 2009, "Man in the Mirror" re-entered the UK Singles Chart at number 11, and the following week the song peaked at number 2, held off by Cascada's "Evacuate the Dancefloor". This song had been at top 100 for 15 consecutive weeks in this chart. In Australia the song originally charted at number 39. After the singer's death, the song re-entered the chart and peaked at number 8. It was also the top single in iTunes downloads in the US and the UK. It has sold 567,280 copies in the UK as of January 2016.

This is a document about 1989 Soul Train Music Awards
 Michael Jackson – "Man in the Mirror" ; Bobby Brown – "My Prerogative" ; Johnny Kemp – "Just Got Paid" ; Keith Sweat (featuring Jacci McGhee) – "Make It Last Forever"

This is a document about Man in the Mirror: The Michael Jackson Story
  Essentially a spiritual sequel to The Jacksons: An American Dream, which discussed the Jackson family as children, Man in the Mirror begins with a flashback, albeit with a voice-over narration by Michael Jackson (Flex Alexander), who reminisces on his younger self (played by Brennan Gademans in a non-speaking role), wanting a normal childhood. Young Michael is watching children play in the playground, wishing he could join in, but is ordered by his father Joe to return to work. Later in 1983, following the release of his best selling album, Thriller, he becomes a global superstar and pop icon, which takes his career to a

This is a document about Chris Brown
  going through". The album, compared to its two precessors, was a commercial and critical failure, debuting at number 7 on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling 102,000 copies in its first week, and receiving generally negative reviews from critics. Many speculated that Graffiti's flop was result of the scandal of domestic violence happened that same year. As of March 23, 2011, it has sold 341,000 copies in the United States. While performing a Michael Jackson Tribute at the 2010 BET Awards, Brown started to cry and fell to his knees while singing Jackson's "Man in the Mirror". The performance and his

This is a document about Nadirah X
  executive produced by Dave Stewart and producers are Glen Ballard (Alanis Morissette's Jagged Little Pill and Michael Jackson's "Man in the Mirror"), Dave Stewart (Eurythmics), Ned Douglas (Katy Perry, Anastacia, Stevie Nicks), Swish (Bishop Lamonth, Royce da 5'9") and Michael Bradford (Kid Rock, Uncle Cracker and Anita Baker). Later that year Nadirah was asked to perform for HRH Crown Prince Haakon (Norway), Professor Pekka Himanen (Finland) and founder of Operation HOPE, John Hope Bryant (United States) and Bishop Desmond Tutu at the Global Dignity Concert in Finland. Nadirah wrote the Dignity Day theme song with Dave Stewart. In 2012, Nadirah X and Jon Fields pka Swish released an EP

This is a document about 1989 Soul Train Music Awards
 Michael Jackson – "Man in the Mirror" ; DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince – "Parents Just Don't Understand" ; Kool Moe Dee – "Wild Wild West" ; Stevie Wonder – "Skeletons"

This is a document about Man in the Mirror
  One of the videos is a notable departure from Jackson's other videos mainly because Jackson himself does not appear in the video (aside from a brief clip toward the end of the video in which he can be seen donning a red jacket and standing in a large crowd). Instead, it featured a montage of footage of various major news events and famous people. The "Man in the Mirror" music video was directed, produced and edited by Don Wilson. Don and Michael Jackson developed the idea for the video. Larry Stessel who was Video Commissioner at Epic Records at the time was the Executive Producer. PCM Stereo music video version of this song was included on Number Ones, Michael Jackson's

Michael Jackson wrote "Man in the Mirror" with Glen Ballard and Siedah Garrett.


Question: where do we get most of our bananas

Answer: India

This is a document about Kyonpyaw Township
  Its major products include bananas.

This is a document about Banana plantation
  Banana plants may grow with varying degrees of success in diverse climatic conditions, but commercial banana plantations are primarily found in equatorial regions, in banana exporting countries. The four leading banana export countries worldwide are Ecuador, Costa Rica, Philippines, and Colombia. Ecuador provides more than 33% of global banana exports. In 2004, banana producing countries totaled 130. Production, as well as exports and imports of bananas, are nonetheless concentrated in a few equatorial countries. 75% of total banana production in 2004 was generated in 10 counties. India, Ecuador, Brazil and China produced half of total bananas. Latin American and Caribbean countries led banana production up to the 1980s, and Asian nations took the lead in banana production during the 1990s. African production levels have remained mostly unchanged.

This is a document about Banana production in Brazil
  Philippines and Colombia which export more than a million tonnes of bananas annually. Brazil produces and consumes Cavendish, apple and fruit bananas and the main producer in Brazil is in the southeastern state of São Paulo with 16.4% of the Brazilian market, according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Other notable areas where bananas in Brazil are cultivated include Prata in North-East Brazil; Belo Horizonte, Vitoria, Rio de Janeiro and Florianópolis in the southern and south-eastern regions. As of 2004, 6.6 million tons of bananas were produced, with a turnover of a little in excess US$ 1 billion. Genetic research into banana production and scientific studies is helping to maximise output and quality, in addition to increasing resistance to disease

This is a document about History of Kaohsiung
  Bananas were originally imported from mainland China until the Japanese colonial period. The Japanese government planted bananas mostly in southern Taiwan, the production of the 旗山 area was especially abundant. As a result, it has an honorable name of "Banana Kingdom."

This is a document about Environmental history of Latin America
  Bananas are a tropical plant that has become a major export crop from tropical regions of Central and South America at the end of the nineteenth century. Bananas are relatively easy to grow in the tropics where there is sufficient water, but it could not become a major export crop until it could be brought to market quickly and sold cheaply to consumers. It first developed as an industry at the end of the nineteenth century in Costa Rica by American entrepreneur Minor Cooper Keith. Keith was contracted by the Costa Rican government to build a railway to the Gulf Coast port of Costa Rica so that the country's main export crop at the time, coffee, could more quickly reach Europe, its main market. The

This is a document about Banana production in the United States
  Commercial banana production in the United States is relatively limited in scale and economic impact. While Americans eat 26 lb of bananas per person per year, the vast majority of the fruit is imported from other countries, chiefly Central and South America, where the US has previously occupied areas containing banana plantations, and controlled the importation of bananas via various fruit companies, such as Dole and Chiquita.

This is a document about Banana production in the Caribbean
  Banana production in the Caribbean is widespread. Bananas are cultivated by both small farmers and large land holders. The plant is perennial and is planted either in pure stands or in mixed cultivation, such as in Jamaica. Countries where bananas are a main export crop are Belize, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Honduras, Jamaica, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Grenada, Trinidad and Tobago, Nicaragua, Panama, Suriname and Colombia.

This is a document about Helicotylenchus multicinctus
  Found in most banana and plantain growing regions of the world including tropical and temperate regions of Asia, Africa, North America, Central America, South America and the Pacific Islands.

This is a document about Banana
  The vast majority of the world's bananas today are cultivated for family consumption or for sale on local markets. India is the world leader in this sort of production, but many other Asian and African countries where climate and soil conditions allow cultivation also host large populations of banana growers who sell at least some of their crop. Peasant sector banana growers produce for the world market in the Caribbean, however. The Windward Islands are notable for the growing, largely of Cavendish bananas, for an international market, generally in Europe but also in North America. In the Caribbean, and especially in Dominica where this sort of cultivation is widespread, holdings are in the 1–2 acre range. In many cases the farmer earns additional money from other crops, from engaging in labor outside the farm, and from a share of the earnings of relatives living overseas. Banana crops are vulnerable to destruction by high winds, such as tropical storms or cyclones.

This is a document about Banana
  In the 15th and 16th centuries, Portuguese colonists started banana plantations in the Atlantic Islands, Brazil, and western Africa. North Americans began consuming bananas on a small scale at very high prices shortly after the Civil War, though it was only in the 1880s that the food became more widespread. As late as the Victorian Era, bananas were not widely known in Europe, although they were available. Jules Verne introduces bananas to his readers with detailed descriptions in Around the World in Eighty Days (1872). The earliest modern plantations originated in Jamaica and the related Western Caribbean Zone, including most of Central America. It involved the combination of modern transportation networks of steamships and railroads with the development of refrigeration that allowed more time between harvesting and ripening. North American shippers like Lorenzo

This is a document about Cavendish banana
  Cavendish bananas accounted for 47% of global banana production between 1998 and 2000, and the vast majority of bananas entering international trade. The fruits of the Cavendish bananas are eaten raw, used in baking, fruit salads, and to complement foods. The outer skin is partially green when bananas are sold in food markets, and turns yellow when the fruit ripens. As it ripens the starch is converted to sugars turning the fruit sweet. When it reaches its final stage (stage 7), brown/black "sugar spots" develop. When overripe, the skin turns black and the flesh becomes mushy. Bananas ripen naturally or through an induced process. Once picked

This is a document about Banana production in the United States
  Hawaii is by far the largest banana producer in the United States, followed by Florida. Banana plantation in Hawaii has followed a descending trend, from 13,181 mmt in 2000 to 8,090 mmt in 2010. Hawaii produces mainly the conventional Cavendish assortment and the Hawaiian apple banana, which are sold in the local markets due to high employment and land expenses. The chief US banana exporter is Florida, which produces mostly Thai and cooking bananas (Bluggoe type). In addition, US banana producers are looking for opportunities in the organic and specialty segments of the banana market in Florida, Texas, California, Mississippi, Alabama, South Carolina,

This is a document about Banana production in the United States
  uncertain, due to extreme temperature fluctuations and an increase in aridity. Other states that have been popular locations for independent banana farming have been Georgia, Louisiana, South Carolina, Mississippi, Arkansas, Texas, Oklahoma, Alabama, North Carolina, Hawaii, Virginia, Arizona, California, Nevada, and Maryland. Florida has seen a number of independent and big-name banana cultivars inhabit its land throughout history. Bananas have also been cultivated in states of the Pacific Northwest, including in areas of Washington, Oregon, and various highland areas and sheltered oceanic/temperate valleys in southern Idaho. In the 70's, a variety of bananas, including Ice Cream and Cavendish, were commonly grown throughout the Appalachian region, primarily throughout sheltered mountain valleys in the east of Tennessee and north Georgia.

This is a document about Banana industry
  The banana industry is an important part of the global industrial agrobusiness. About 15% of the global banana production goes to export and international trade for consumption in Western countries. They are grown on banana plantations primarily in the Americas.

This is a document about Banana
  hybrid Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana, depending on their genomic constitution. The old scientific name for this hybrid, Musa sapientum, is no longer used. Musa species are native to tropical Indomalaya and Australia, and are likely to have been first domesticated in Papua New Guinea. They are grown in 135 countries, primarily for their fruit, and to a lesser extent to make fiber, banana wine, and banana beer and as ornamental plants. The world's largest producers of bananas in 2017 were India and China, which together accounted for approximately 38% of total production. Worldwide, there is no sharp distinction between "bananas" and "plantains". Especially in the Americas and Europe, "banana" usually refers to soft, sweet, dessert bananas, particularly those of the Cavendish group, which

This is a document about Fe'i banana
  Fe'i bananas are mainly found from the Moluccas in the west to French Polynesia in the east, particularly the Society Islands and the Marquesas Islands. They have been important both as a staple and as a ceremonial food, although their cultivation and use has sharply declined in recent decades. As the Pacific Islanders spread by canoe throughout the Pacific, they took Fe'i bananas with them; cultivation has been traced back to around 250 BC in the Marquesas and to around 800 AD in Tahiti in the Society Islands. They are believed to have originated in the New Guinea area, where cultivars with seeds occur, as do the wild species from which they are thought to be descended.

This is a document about MusaNet
  There are more than 60 banana ex situ collections worldwide located mostly in banana producing countries. The majority of the collections are supported by national funding to conserve banana diversity and conduct related research. Detailed information of the collections can be found on the MusaNet website.

This is a document about Banana production in Taiwan
  Banana is one of the fruit crops produced in Taiwan. It has been essential part of the agriculture in Taiwan, as they are the country's most essential fruit. It is common for Japanese consumers to purchase bananas from Taiwan.

This is a document about Banana production in the United States
  The first commercial banana farm in the United States was established in Florida, near Silver Lake, in 1876. A number of independent banana farms and cultivars have been located in a number of areas, reaching as far north as the southern Midwest and Ohio river. This region equates roughly with the northernmost terminus of the subtropical crop-growing region of the US, which ends at about Cincinnati, Ohio, and further east in cities and locations such as Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, New York City and Long Island in New York, and coastal regions of southern New England. Banana growth further west along this ecological transition line, such as in central to northern Missouri and northern Kansas/far southern Nebraska is highly dubious

This is a document about Tropical Asia
  Tropical Asia has an abundance of edible resources. The following section involves various edible resource plants. Bananas are the most famous members of Musa with 21 species and edible subspecies. Especially in the Mayan area, it is probably native to Southeast Asia and widely refined in the tropics. Black pepper is vine to the East Indies—made by drying the whole fruit (peppercorn); white pepper is made by first hulling the fruit, then grinding. The majority of production is in India and Indonesia; outside the region, America is a chief importer. Four of the main cultivators of this plant are capsicum annuum: cayenne pepper, sweet pepper, paprika, and jalapenos grown in temperate regions. Native to India, cardamom

Most bananas are produced in countries like Ecuador, Costa Rica, Philippines, and Colombia, which are among the leading banana exporting countries. In Brazil, the state of São Paulo is the largest producer of bananas.