Question: who does christine end up with in the phantom of the opera

Answer: her childhood sweetheart , Raoul

This is a document about The Phantom of the Opera at the Royal Albert Hall
  shows him compassion for the first time in his life with a kiss. The Phantom, realising he cannot compel Christine to love him, sets the couple free. He yells for them to leave and swear never to reveal his existence to anyone. Christine gives him back his ring as he tells her he loves her. Christine tearfully exits with Raoul but not before turning back for one last look. Hearing the angry mob closing in, the Phantom huddles on his throne beneath his cloak just as Meg enters. She approaches the throne and pulls it away, finding only the Phantom's mask ("Finale").

This is a document about The Phantom of the Opera
  The novel features a love triangle between the Phantom, Christine, and Raoul. Raoul is seen as Christine's childhood love whom she is familiar with and has affection for. He is rich and therefore offers her security as well as a wholesome, Christian marriage. The Phantom, on the other hand, is not familiar. He is dark, ugly, and dangerous and therefore represents the forbidden love. However, Christine is drawn to him because she sees him as her Angel of Music, and she pities his existence of loneliness and darkness.

This is a document about Phantom (Kay novel)
  a ghost, using violence in order to blackmail the opera managers and bind them to his will, exploiting the employees' superstitions to maintain his power. The rest of the book loosely follows the original novel The Phantom of the Opera – differing on several points but following the relationship between Erik and the object of his desire, Christine Daaé, and switching back and forth between their points of view. The relationship between Christine and Erik is explored in greater detail and with greater compassion than the original novel, allowing Erik to finally find love and redemption in a world that has shown him nothing but cruelty since birth.

This is a document about The Phantom of Manhattan
 Erik Muhlheim "The Phantom" - Former Phantom of the Paris Opera, now an important New York impresario. ; Christine Daaé, Vicomtesse De Chagny - A famous soprano, and the Phantom's main love interest. She is married to Raoul and has one son, Pierre. ; Raoul, Vicomte De Chagny - Christine's husband. ; Antoinette Giry - Former ballet mistress of the Paris Opera, rescued Erik from a circus when he was a child, and years later helped him come to the United States. ; Darius - Erik's partner. ; Pierre De Chagny - Young son of Christine and the Phantom. Assumes

This is a document about The Phantom of the Opera (2004 film)
  Christine. During their passionate duet, Christine unmasks the Phantom, revealing his deformity to the horrified audience. The Phantom then abducts Christine and retreats as he causes the chandelier to crash and set the opera house on fire to cover his tracks, but a mob forms to hunt him down. Giry leads Raoul down to the Phantom's lair to rescue Christine, while Meg leads the mob there as well. The Phantom has Christine wear the wedding dress and proposes marriage. Christine tries to reason with him by admitting that she only fears his malicious acts, not his appearance. When Raoul arrives, the Phantom threatens

This is a document about Don Juan Triumphant
  and invited her to dinner. Don Juan (dressed as Passarino) is to meet Aminta and dine with her instead, during which "Don Juan" will loudly announce his return and "Passarino" will suggest that he and Aminta hide in a bedroom to avoid being found. As soon as Piangi slips into a hiding place to await the start of the scene, he is quietly strangled by the Phantom, who takes his place and sings "The Point of No Return" with Christine before declaring his love in front of the whole audience. The opera breaks up into chaos when she exposes his horribly deformed face and Piangi's body is found, leading to the finale

This is a document about Love Never Dies (musical)
  Christine, with Raoul and the Phantom watching from the wings at either side. As the long musical intro comes to its end, Christine makes the decision to sing. Raoul leaves just before Christine finishes to thunderous applause ("Love Never Dies"). Backstage, Christine is greeted lovingly by the Phantom and the two share a kiss. She then finds a letter from Raoul informing her of his departure ("Ah Christine"). Suddenly realising that Gustave is missing, Christine recalls that she had asked him to wait backstage for Raoul, but she does not want to believe that Raoul may have taken the boy. Furious, the

This is a document about The Phantom of the Opera (2004 film)
  Buquet and hangs him above the stage. Christine and Raoul flee to the roof, where they declare their love for each other. The Phantom, now heartbroken after witnessing the whole scene, vows revenge. Three months later, in 1871, at a New Year masquerade ball, Christine and Raoul announce their engagement. The Phantom crashes the ball and orders his own opera, Don Juan Triumphant, to be performed. Upon seeing Christine's engagement ring, the Phantom steals it and flees, pursued by Raoul, but Giry stops him. Giry explains that when she was younger, she met the Phantom, a deformed young boy, billed in a freak show

This is a document about The Phantom of the Opera (2004 film)
  best friend Meg, Giry's daughter, that she is being coached by a tutor she calls the "Angel of Music". Christine reunites with Raoul, in whom she confides that she has been visited by the Angel of Music her deceased father promised he would send her after his death. Raoul, however, dismisses Christine's story. That night, the masked Opera Ghost, known as the "Phantom", appears before Christine from her dressing room mirror, spiriting her away to his underground lair. After the Phantom shows Christine a mannequin of her dressed in a wedding dress he made for her, Christine faints and sleeps in the Phantom's lair.

This is a document about The Phantom of the Opera (2004 film)
  kill him unless Christine weds him. Pitying the Phantom, Christine kisses him. Moved by her kindness, the Phantom allows the lovers to leave. Comforted by the music box, the Phantom weeps alone and Christine lets him keep her engagement ring as a memento. He then escapes before the mob arrives, with Meg finding only his discarded mask. Back in the present, Raoul visits the recently deceased Christine's grave and places the Phantom's music box before it. Before leaving, he notices a freshly laid rose with Christine's ring attached to its stem, implying that the Phantom is still alive and will always love her.

This is a document about The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)
  an ultimatum: if she will stay with him, he will spare Raoul, but if she refuses, Raoul will die ("The Point of No Return Reprise"). Christine tells the Phantom that he's not alone and kisses him. Having experienced both kindness and compassion for the first time, the Phantom frees Raoul. He also tells Christine that he loves her and she tearfully exits the lair with Raoul. As the angry search mob closes in, the Phantom huddles on his throne beneath his cloak. Meg is the first to enter the lair. She curiously approaches the Phantom's throne and pulls away the cloak, finding only his mask ("Finale").

This is a document about The Phantom of the Opera (1925 film)
  her role. The managers get a similar note, reiterating that if Christine does not sing, they will present Faust in a house with a curse on it. The following evening, despite the Phantom's warnings, a defiant Carlotta appears as Marguerite. During the performance, the large crystal chandelier hanging from the ceiling is dropped onto the audience. Christine enters a secret door behind the mirror in her dressing room, descending into the lower depths of the Opera. She meets the Phantom, who introduces himself as Erik and declares his love; Christine faints, and Erik carries her to a suite fabricated for her comfort. The next

This is a document about The Phantom of the Opera (1998 film)
  Christine, she refuses the role he has secured for her. He becomes angry and forcefully rapes her. After Christine awakens, she witnesses the Phantom covered in his rats and petting them. While he is playing with the rats, she escapes on the boat. She flees into the arms of Raoul, and they ascend to the roof, where they confess their love for each other. The Phantom watches and breaks down crying when he sees them kiss. The next night Christine sings as Juliet, but the Phantom swoops down onto the stage and she faints in his arms. Raoul and

This is a document about The Phantom of the Opera (2004 film)
  plans to retire, leaving the theatre under the ownership of Richard Firmin and Gilles André, who introduce their patron, the young Raoul. One of the dancers, Christine Daaé, recognizes Raoul as a childhood sweetheart, and wonders if he will also recognize her, but he leaves without seeing her. Carlotta refuses to perform after being tormented for three years by the theatre's resident "Opera Ghost", a mysterious figure said to live in the catacombs below. Facing the performance's cancellation, Madame Giry suggests that Christine stands in as the lead actress. Christine displays her singing talent and is a huge success on opening night. Christine tells

This is a document about Phantom of the Opera (1976 musical)
  girl to bear witness to the forced marriage between him and Christine. But just in time, Raoul, the Persian and the rest of the group burst in, having escaped the Boiler Room and come through The Phantom's traps. The Phantom, suddenly finding himself in a tight spot, produces a knife and pulls Christine in front of him. In act of love to Christine, the Phantom stabs himself with his own dagger and dies in Christine's arms ("Ne'er Forsake me, Here Remain"). Christine remarks that the Phantom was always the angel of music ("He Will Not Go Without A Friend").

This is a document about The Phantom of the Opera at the Royal Albert Hall
  Six months later, during a New Year's Eve masked ball, the Phantom appears in costume as the Red Death and announces he has written an opera entitled Don Juan Triumphant. He demands that the company produce it with Christine, now secretly engaged to Raoul, as the leading female role, warning that dire consequences will occur if anyone fails to obey his instructions. He then vanishes in a blinding flash of light but not before declaring Christine belongs to him ("Masquerade/Why So Silent"). As the guests panic, Raoul confronts Madame Giry, claiming that she knows about the Phantom. She reveals the Phantom is a

This is a document about Christine Daaé
  Christine is a chorus girl, who becomes the object of obsession, passion and love for the mysterious Phantom of the Opera. He becomes her mentor, and with his help, she is chosen to replace the company's prima donna, Carlotta. When she falls in love with her childhood sweetheart, Raoul, the Phantom kidnaps Christine in a jealous rage and drags her down to his lair. She is forced to choose between the Phantom and Raoul, but her compassion for the Phantom moves him to free them both and allow them to flee. In the original West End and Broadway productions, she was portrayed by Sarah Brightman.

This is a document about Love Never Dies (musical)
  to truly see Meg and her contributions, but when he unthinkingly mentions Christine, Meg becomes enraged and accidentally fires the gun, shooting Christine. The Phantom rushes to Christine and orders Madame Giry to go for help while Meg looks on in stunned horror at what she has done. Christine reveals to Gustave that the Phantom is his real father and she tells the Phantom that her love for him will never die. The Phantom and Christine share a final kiss and she dies in his arms. The Phantom has Meg hold Christine's body as he moves to comfort Gustave, who unmasks him without fear.

This is a document about Love Never Dies (musical)
  that it was he who summoned her to sing at Phantasma. Initially outraged, Christine eventually succumbs to the memory of a clandestine evening the two shared before she was married. As they recall their one night of passion, it is revealed that Christine was prepared to abandon Raoul for the Phantom, but awoke in the morning to find herself alone. The Phantom explains that he fled out of fear that she would reject him again when she saw his face in the morning light ("Beneath a Moonless Sky"). Both concede that they once thought their love had a chance, but the circumstances of the present

This is a document about The Phantom of the Opera (miniseries)
  The Phantom of the Opera is a disfigured musician named Erik who lives below the Opéra Garnier in Paris. He has a large part in managing each performance until his friend Gerard Carriere is dismissed. The new manager Choleti refuses to listen to warnings about the "ghost" who haunts the opera house, even when the wardrobe man goes into the depths of the opera house and is killed. Christine Daaé comes to the Paris Opera House to receive voice lessons; however she is dismissed by Choleti's wife, Carlotta, to working in the costume department. The doorman lets Christine stay in a storage room in the Opera House. Upon hearing her sing, the Phantom is entranced

Christine ends up with Raoul, the Vicomte de Chagny, in the original Phantom of the Opera story by Gaston Leroux. However, in the musical and other adaptations, the ending can vary. In some versions, Christine may end up with the Phantom or remain unattached.


Question: who was the greatest warrior for the trojans

Answer: Hector

This is a document about Hero
  epic literature. The appearance of these mortal figures marks a revolution of audiences and writers turning away from immortal gods to mortal mankind, whose heroic moments of glory survive in the memory of their descendants, extending their legacy. Hector was a Trojan prince and the greatest fighter for Troy in the Trojan War, which is known primarily through Homer's Iliad. Hector acted as leader of the Trojans and their allies in the defense of Troy, "killing 31,000 Greek fighters," offers Hyginus. Hector was known not only for his courage, but also for his noble and courtly nature. Indeed, Homer places Hector as peace-loving, thoughtful, as well as bold, a good

This is a document about Agamemnon
  fires in battle, their hands are described as "splattered with gore" and "invincible," the Trojans flee to the walls, they both are appealed to by one of their victims, they are both avoided by Hector, they both get wounded in the arm or hand, and they both kill the one who wounded them. Even before his aristea, Agamemnon was considered to be one of the three best warriors on the Greek side as proven when Hector challenges any champion of the Greek side to fight him in Book 7, and Agamemnon (along with Diomedes and Ajax the Greater) is one of the three Hector most wishes to fight out of the nine strongest Greek warriors who volunteered.

This is a document about Hector
    In Greek mythology and Roman mythology, Hector was a Trojan prince and the greatest warrior for Troy in the Trojan War. He acted as leader of the Trojans and their allies in the defence of Troy, killing countless Greek warriors. He was ultimately killed by Achilles.

This is a document about List of Homeric characters
 Aeneas (Αἰνείας), son of Aphrodite; cousin of Hector; Hector's principal lieutenant; the only major Trojan figure to survive the war. Held by later tradition to be the forefather of the founders of Rome.  See the Aeneid. ; Agenor (Ἀγήνωρ), a Trojan warrior who attempts to fight Achilles in Book 21. ; Andromache (Ἀνδρομάχη), wife of Hector and later slave of Achilles' son, Neoptolemus after the war. ; Antenor (Ἀντήνωρ), a Trojan nobleman who argues that Helen should be returned to Menelaus in order to end the war. In some versions he ends up betraying Troy by helping the Greeks unseal the city gates. ; Cassandra (Κασσάνδρα), a daughter of King Priam and Queen Hecuba; Cassandra's prophecies are ignored as a result of displeasing Apollo. ; Glaucus (Γλαῦκος), co-leader,

This is a document about Hector
   According to the Iliad, Hector did not approve of war between the Greeks and the Trojans. For ten years, the Achaeans besieged Troy and their allies in the east. Hector commanded the Trojan army, with a number of subordinates including Polydamas, and his brothers Deiphobus, Helenus and Paris. By all accounts, Hector was the best warrior the Trojans and their allies could field, and his fighting prowess was admired by Greeks and his own people alike. Diomedes and Odysseus, when faced with his attack, described him as what Robert Fagles translated as an 'incredible dynamite' and a 'maniac'.

This is a document about Roger Noble Burnham
  The Trojan (1930)—officially named the Trojan Shrine, but affectionately called "Tommy Trojan"—is a monument on the University of Southern California campus. The university's athletic teams are the USC Trojans. The monument consists of a life size bronze warrior, wearing a championship belt and pleated skirt, a mohawk-plumed helmet, shin guards and sandals. He wields the Sword of Knowledge in one hand, and holds the Shield of Courage in the other. The figure stands upon a concrete pedestal, with inscriptions, bronze relief panels, and a Greek key border. The front of the base features the bronze seal of the university, with "The Trojan" inscribed above it, and words listing the traits of an ideal Trojan inscribed below it: "Faithful," "Scholarly," "Skillful," "Courageous," "Ambitious." The left side of the base features a bronze relief panel representing athletics. The right side of the base features a bronze relief panel representing scholarship. The rear of the base features an incised flaming torch, and a bronze plaque with a quote in Latin and English. Burnham's primary models for the figure were All-American USC football players Russ Saunders (head and upper half) and Erny Pinckert (lower half).

This is a document about List of cultural references in the Divine Comedy
  iii, 209 on), which tells how they drove the Trojans from the Strophades. Inf. XII, 10–15 & 101. ; Hector: The greatest Trojan warrior, in the Trojan War. ; Seen in Limbo. Inf. IV, 121–128. ; Hecuba: Wife of Priam king of Troy, mother of Hector, Paris, Polyxena and Polydorus. Captured after the fall of Troy, she went mad after seeing her daughter Polyxena, sacrificed on the tomb of Achilles and the corpse of her son Polydorus, murdered by Polymestor, King of Thrace (Euripides, Hecuba, Ovid Metamorphoses XIII, 429–575). According to Ovid she growled and barked like a mad dog.

This is a document about Teucer
  During the Trojan War, Teucer was mainly a great archer, who loosed his shafts from behind the giant shield of his half-brother Ajax the Great. When Hector was driving the Achaeans back toward their ships, Teucer gave the Argives some success by killing many of the charging Trojans, including Hector's charioteer, Archeptolemus son of Iphitos. However, every time he shot an arrow at Hector, Apollo, the protector of the Trojans, would foil the shot. At one point in his rage at Teucer's success, Hector picked up a huge rock and flung it at him. The rock injured Teucer, so that he retired from

This is a document about Ajax (play)
  The great warrior Achilles has been killed in battle. As the man who now can be considered the greatest Greek warrior, Ajax feels he should be given Achilles’ armor, but the two kings, Agamemnon and Menelaus, award it instead to Odysseus. Ajax becomes furious about this and decides to kill them. However, Athena steps in and deludes Ajax into instead killing the spoil of the Greek army, which includes cattle as well as the herdsman. Suddenly Ajax comes to his senses and realizes what he has done. Overwhelmed by shame, he decides to commit suicide. His concubine, Tecmessa, pleads for him not to leave her and their child, Eurysaces, unprotected. Ajax

This is a document about List of Greek mythological figures
  of the Trojan War ; Eleusis (Ἐλευσῖνι or Ἐλευσῖνα), eponymous hero of the town of Eleusis ; Eunostus, a Boeotian hero ; Ganymede (Γανυμήδης), Trojan hero and lover of Zeus, who was given immortality and appointed cup-bearer to the gods ; Hector (Ἕκτωρ), hero of the Trojan War and champion of the Trojan people ; Icarus (Ἴκαρος), the son of the master craftsman Daedalus ; Iolaus (Ἰόλαος), nephew of Heracles who aided his uncle in one of his Labors ; Jason (Ἰάσων), leader of the Argonauts ; Meleager (Μελέαγρος), a hero who sailed with the Argonauts and killed the Calydonian boar ; Odysseus

This is a document about Trojan War
  A great battle raged around the dead Achilles. Ajax held back the Trojans, while Odysseus carried the body away. When Achilles' armour was offered to the smartest warrior, the two that had saved his body came forward as competitors. Agamemnon, unwilling to undertake the invidious duty of deciding between the two competitors, referred the dispute to the decision of the Trojan prisoners, inquiring of them which of the two heroes had done most harm to the Trojans. Alternatively, the Trojans and Pallas Athena were the judges in that, following Nestor's advice, spies were sent to the walls to overhear what was said. A girl said that

This is a document about Inferno (Dante)
  and Lucan, who include him in their number and make him "sixth in that high company". They reach the base of a great Castle – the dwelling place of the wisest men of antiquity – surrounded by seven gates, and a flowing brook. After passing through the seven gates, the group comes to an exquisite green meadow and Dante encounters the inhabitants of the Citadel. These include figures associated with the Trojans and their descendants (the Romans): Electra (mother of Troy's founder Dardanus), Hector, Aeneas, Julius Caesar in his role as Roman general ("in his armor, falcon-eyed"), Camilla, Penthesilea (Queen of the Amazons), King

This is a document about Iliad
 The Trojan men ; Dardanos – First king of Troy, and he originally named the city Dardania. ; Hector – Prince of Troy, son of King Priam, and the foremost Trojan warrior. ; Aeneas – son of Anchises and Aphrodite. ; Deiphobus – brother of Hector and Paris. ; Helenus – Troy's chief augur and brother of Hector. ; Paris – Prince of Troy, son of King Priam, and Helen's lover/abductor. ; Priam – the aged King of Troy. ; Polydamas – a prudent commander whose advice is ignored; he is Hector's foil. ; Agenor – son of Antenor, a Trojan warrior who attempts to fight Achilles (Book XXI). ; Sarpedon, son of Zeus – killed by Patroclus. Was friend of Glaucus and co-leader of the Lycians (fought for the Trojans). ; Glaucus, son of Hippolochus – friend of Sarpedon and

This is a document about Helenus of Troy
  Helenus is described by Homer as being the greatest of augurs. He advises Hector to challenge any Achaean to a duel, which Telemonian Ajax accepts. Helenus led the third battalion of the Trojan forces along with his brother Deiphobus. He was also part of the Trojan forces led by his brother Hector that beat the Greeks back from the plains west of Troy, and attacked their camp in the Iliad. He is wounded in the hand by Menelaus and forced to retreat. In the final year of the Trojan War, Helenus vied against his brother Deiphobus for the hand of Helen after the death of their brother Paris, but Helen was awarded to Deiphobus. Disgruntled over his loss, Helenus retreated to Mount Ida, where Odysseus later captured him. He tells Odysseus, perhaps after torture or coercion, how to capture Troy: they would win if they stole the Trojan Palladium, brought the bones of Pelops to Troy, and persuaded Neoptolemus (Achilles' son by the Scyrian princess Deidamia) and Philoctetes (who possessed Heracles' bow and arrows) to join the Greeks in the war. Neoptolemus was hiding from the war at Scyrus, but the Greeks retrieved him.

This is a document about Eurypylus of Thessaly
  action by one of Paris' arrows. This happened in the same book that all the other major Achaean warriors were wounded and put out of action. When he withdrew from battle, his wounds were tended by Patroclus, just after Nestor had convinced Patroclus either to convince Achilles to return to the fight or don his armor himself. Eurypylus slew no less than four opponents, including the aforementioned Apisaon, Hypsenor, Melanthius and Axion: this makes the account of Hyginus wrong in informing that Eurypylus killed only one defender of Troy. He was also one of the Greeks to enter the Trojan Horse. Eurypylus survived the Trojan War; his further

This is a document about Rise of the Argonauts
  (and feet). Despite his continuous bad luck, he is a jovial soul, and frequently engages Pan in debates. ; Atalanta – The world's fastest woman. She was raised by centaurs and joins Jason's crew to save her people and see the world. She wields a bow in combat. Though aloof and headstrong, Atalanta is more insecure than she lets on. She also has a teasing, playful side, and is very loyal to her tribe. ; Achilles - The great and "undefeated, unrivaled, untouchable" hero of the Mycenaean arena who is destined to die in the Trojan War. He has yet to find something to

This is a document about Trojan War
  the Trojans broke into the Achaean camp and were on the verge of setting fire to the Achaean ships. An earlier appeal to Achilles to return was rejected, but after Hector burned Protesilaus' ship, he allowed his relative and best friend Patroclus to go into battle wearing Achilles' armour and lead his army. Patroclus drove the Trojans all the way back to the walls of Troy, and was only prevented from storming the city by the intervention of Apollo. Patroclus was then killed by Hector, who took Achilles' armour from the body of Patroclus. Achilles, maddened with grief over the death of Patroclus, swore to kill Hector

This is a document about Achilles
  the Trojans gain ground in the war, so that he may regain his honour. As the battle turns against the Greeks, thanks to the influence of Zeus, Nestor declares that the Trojans are winning because Agamemnon has angered Achilles, and urges the king to appease the warrior. Agamemnon agrees and sends Odysseus and two other chieftains, Ajax and Phoenix. They promise that, if Achilles returns to battle, Agamemnon will return the captive Briseis and other gifts. Achilles rejects all Agamemnon offers him and simply urges the Greeks to sail home as he was planning to do.  The Trojans, led by Hector, subsequently push the Greek army back toward

This is a document about Achilles
   In Greek mythology, Achilles or Achilleus  was a hero of the Trojan War, the greatest of all the Greek warriors, and is the central character of Homer's Iliad. He was the son of the Nereid Thetis and Peleus, king of Phthia. Achilles' most notable feat during the Trojan War was the slaying of the Trojan prince Hector outside the gates of Troy. Although the death of Achilles is not presented in the Iliad, other sources concur that he was killed near the end of the Trojan War by Paris, who shot him with an arrow. Later legends (beginning with Statius' unfinished epic Achilleid, written in the 1st century AD) state that Achilles was invulnerable in all of his body except for one heel, because when his mother Thetis dipped him in the river Styx as an infant, she held him by one of his heels. Alluding to these legends, the term "Achilles' heel" has come to mean a point of weakness, especially in someone or something with an otherwise strong constitution. The Achilles tendon is also named after him due to these legends.

This is a document about Idomeneus of Crete
  In Homer's Iliad, Idomeneus is found among the first rank of the Greek generals, leading his troops and engaging the enemy head-on, and escaping serious injury. Idomeneus was one of Agamemnon's trusted advisors. He was one of the primary defenders when most of the other Achaean heroes were injured, and even fought Hector briefly and repulsed his attack. Like most of the other leaders of the Greeks, he is alive and well as the story comes to a close. He was one of the Achaeans to enter the Trojan Horse. Idomeneus killed twenty men and at least three Amazon women, including Bremusa, at Troy. A later tradition, preserved

Hector, the son of King Priam, was the greatest warrior for the Trojans in the Trojan War. He was known for his courage, nobility, and leadership, and was the one who led the Trojan forces in their defense against the Greeks. He was also the one who killed Achilles, the greatest Greek warrior, in the final act of the war.


Question: who plays snowman in smokey and the bandit

Answer: Jerry Reed

This is a document about Joe Palooka
  a port in Mobile, AL, United States, where he and his shipmates, while on leave, went to drink whisky and threw a fight from time to time. In Sometimes a Great Notion, Ken Kesey skewers one of his characters with this paragraph: "'Tsk, tsk,' said Brother Walker. And, as he had learned the comment from Joe Palooka, it came out 'tisk tisk', the way he assumed it was pronounced." In the 1977 film Smokey and the Bandit, after having been drawn into a fight and taking a beating, character Cledus "Snowman" Snow (Jerry Reed) tells his friend Bo "Bandit" Darville (Burt Reynolds) over the CB radio, "Look, you ain't gonna believe this, but I just did my imitation of Joe Palooka."

This is a document about Smokey and the Bandit
 Burt Reynolds as Bo "The Bandit" Darville ; Sally Field as Carrie "Frog" ; Jerry Reed as Cledus "The Snowman" Snow ; Jackie Gleason as Sheriff Buford T. Justice / "Smokey Bear" ; Mike Henry as Junior Justice ; Pat McCormick as Enos "Big Enos" Burdette ; Paul Williams as Enos "Little Enos" Burdette ; Macon McCalman as Mr. B ; Susan McIver as "Hot Pants" Hillyard ; George Reynolds as Sheriff George Branford ; Laura Lizer Sommers as "Little Beaver" ; Michael Mann as Branford's Deputy ; Lamar Jackson as "Sugar Bear" ; Ronnie Gay as Georgia Trooper ; Quinnon Sheffield as Alabama Trooper ; Alfie Wise as Alabama Patrolman ; Pat Hustis as Tow Truck Driver ; Ingeborg Kjeldsen as Foxy Lady ; Michael McManus as Trucker "Silver Tongued Devil" ; Gene Witham as Leader of The Gang ; Susan Sindelar as Motorcycle Gang Member ; Ben Jones as Trucker #1 ; Joe Klecko as Trucker #2 ; Hank Worden as Trucker #3 ; Sonny Shroyer as Motorcycle Cop (uncredited)

This is a document about Smokey and the Bandit
  Smokey and the Bandit is a 1977 American road action comedy film starring Burt Reynolds, Sally Field, Jackie Gleason, Jerry Reed, Pat McCormick, Paul Williams and Mike Henry. The directorial debut of stuntman Hal Needham, the film follows Bo "Bandit" Darville (Reynolds) and Cledus "Snowman" Snow (Reed), two bootleggers attempting to illegally transport 400 cases of Coors beer from Texarkana to Atlanta. While the Snowman drives the truck carrying the beer, the Bandit drives a Pontiac Trans Am to distract law enforcement (called blocking) and keep the attention off the Snowman. During their run, they are pursued by Texas county sheriff Buford T. Justice (Gleason). Smokey and the Bandit was the second-highest-grossing domestic film of 1977, with $126 million against a budget of $4.3 million (only Star Wars made a higher gross that year, earning $775.5 million). Sally Field and Burt Reynolds began a relationship after meeting on set.

This is a document about Jackie Gleason
  Field as Carrie (the Bandit's love interest), and Jerry Reed as Cledus "Snowman" Snow, the Bandit's truck-driving partner. Former NFL linebacker Mike Henry played his dimwitted son, Junior Justice. Gleason's gruff and frustrated demeanor and lines such as "I'm gonna barbecue yo' ass in molasses!" made the first Bandit movie a hit. Years later, when interviewed by Larry King, Reynolds said he agreed to do the movie only if the studio hired Jackie Gleason to play the part of Sheriff Buford T. Justice (the name of a real Florida highway patrolman, who knew Reynolds' father). Reynolds said that director Hal Needham gave Gleason free rein to ad-lib a great deal of his dialog and make suggestions

This is a document about Smokey and the Bandit II
 Burt Reynolds as Bo "The Bandit" Darville ; Jackie Gleason as Sheriff Buford T. Justice / Gaylord Justice (credited as Ms. Jackie Gleason) / Reginald Van Justice ; Jerry Reed as Cledus "The Snowman" Snow ; Dom DeLuise as Dr. Frederico "Doc" Carlucci ; Sally Field as Carrie "Frog" ; Pat McCormick as Enos "Big Enos" Burdette ; Paul Williams as Enos "Little Enos" Burdette ; David Huddleston as John Conn ; Mike Henry as Junior Justice ; John Anderson as The Governor ; Brenda Lee as Nice Lady ; The Statler Brothers as Themselves: ; Phil Balsley ; Lew DeWitt ; Don Reid ; Harold Reid ; "Mean Joe" Greene as Himself ; Mel Tillis as Fairground Owner ; Joe Klecko as Himself ; Don Williams as Himself ; Terry Bradshaw as Himself ; Nancy Lenehan as Ramona ; John Megna as P.T. ; Chuck Yeager as Party Guest ; John Robert Nicholson as The Patient ; 1980 Pontiac Trans Am as "Son of Trigger"

This is a document about Smokey and the Bandit Part 3
 Jackie Gleason as Montague County Sheriff Buford T. Justice of Texas ; Jerry Reed as Cledus "The Snowman" Snow / "The Bandit" ; Paul Williams as Enos "Little Enos" Burdette ; Pat McCormick as Enos "Big Enos" Burdette ; Mike Henry as Junior Justice ; Colleen Camp as Dusty Trails ; Faith Minton as Tina ; Burt Reynolds as Bo "The Bandit" Darville, The Real Bandit ; Sharon Anderson as Police Woman ; Silvia Arana as Latin Woman ; Alan Berger as Hippie ; Ray Bouchard as Purvis R. Beethoven ; Connie Brighton as Girl #1 ; Earl Houston Bullock as Flagman ; Ava Cadell as The Blonde ; Cathy Cahill as Mother Trucker ; David S. Cass Sr. as Local Tough Guy ; Leon Cheatom as Guide ; Candace Collins as French Maid ; Peter Conrad as Midget ; Janis Cummins as Nudist Female ; Jackie Davis as Blackman #1 ; Dee Dee Deering as Mrs. Fernbush ; Al De Luca as Flower Vendor ; Raymond Forchion as Tar Worker ; Dick Lowry as Sand Dumper ; Sandy Mielke as Driving Instructor

This is a document about The Bandit Run
  Following the same route that the characters Bo "the Bandit" Darville (Burt Reynolds) and Cledus "the Snowman" Snow (Jerry Reed) made in the 1977 movie, a group of about 30 Trans Ams started out in Texarkana on May 15, 2007. There, they had a send-off at the Classic Car Museum. Both Texarkana mayors also got involved and gave a send-off speech to the group. Heading east on the three-day trip, they were joined by Hot Rod Magazine and Automobile Magazine. After an evening in Tupelo, the growing group of Bandit Runners received another send-off at the Tupelo Auto Museum on May 16. From there, they headed toward Birmingham, Alabama. There

This is a document about Smokey and the Bandit
  Needham originally planned the film as a low-budget B movie with a production cost of $1 million, with Reed as the Bandit. It was not until Reynolds read the script—and said he would star—that the film was aimed at a more mainstream release; Reed would now portray the Bandit's friend the Snowman (Reed would eventually play the Bandit in Smokey and the Bandit Part 3 while Reynolds made a cameo near that film's end). At that time Reynolds was the top box office star in the world. Reportedly, Needham had great difficulty getting any studios or producers to take his project seriously, as in the film

This is a document about Smokey and the Bandit II
  Smokey and the Bandit II is a 1980 American action comedy film directed by Hal Needham, and starring Burt Reynolds, Sally Field, Jerry Reed, Jackie Gleason and Dom DeLuise. The film is the sequel to the 1977 film Smokey and the Bandit. The film was originally released in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Australia and several other, mainly Commonwealth, countries as Smokey and the Bandit Ride Again. The plot centers on Bo "Bandit" Darville (Burt Reynolds) and Cledus "Snowman" Snow (Jerry Reed), transporting an elephant to the GOP National Convention, with Sheriff Buford T. Justice (Jackie Gleason) once again in hot pursuit.

This is a document about Angelo Ross
 Smokey and the Bandit (1977; co-nominated with Walter Hannemann)

This is a document about Evil Con Carne
 Charlie Adler as Snowman ; Gregg Berger as Baliff ; Susanne Blakeslee as Mrs. Con Carne ; Michael Dorn as Rupert the Reindeer ; Greg Ellis as Lady of the Lake ; Kathryn Fiore as Heidi ; Quinton Flynn as Max Courage ; Mark Hamill as Judge Bukowski ; Jess Harnell as Policeman ; Roger L. Jackson as Mojo Jojo Impression ; Tom Kenny as Warren, Huckleberry Hound Impression ; Maurice LaMarche as Estroy ; Rachael MacFarlane as Nurse Buffy ; Scott Menville as Rick Courage ; Edie Mirman as Angel ; Masasa Moyo as Kablamity Jane ; Robert Picardo as Cod Commando's singing voice ; Jim Rash as Ensign Slaughter ; Peter Renaday as Abraham Lincoln, Dr. Courage ; Rino Romano as Destructicus Con Carne ; Charlie Schlatter as Tony ; Judy Tenuta as Announcer ; Billy West as Gollum

This is a document about Arthur Rankin Jr.
 Return to Oz (1964) (produced as Videocraft) ; Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (1964, Burl Ives) (produced as Videocraft) ; The Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy Show (1965) ; The Ballad of Smokey the Bear (1966, James Cagney) ; Cricket on the Hearth (1967, Danny Thomas) ; Mouse on the Mayflower (1968, Tennessee Ernie Ford, Eddie Albert, Jack Cassidy, Joanie Sommers) ; The Little Drummer Boy (1968, Jose Ferrer, Greer Garson) ; Frosty the Snowman (1969, Jimmy Durante) ; Santa Claus is Comin' to Town (1970, Fred Astaire, Mickey Rooney) ; Here Comes Peter Cottontail (1971, Danny Kaye) ; The Enchanted World of Danny Kaye: The Emperor's New Clothes (1972, Danny Kaye) ; Puss in Boots (1972 TV special) ; The Year Without a Santa Claus (1974, Shirley Booth) ; 'Twas the Night Before Christmas (1974, Joey Grey, George Gobel) ; Frosty's Winter Wonderland (1976, Andy Griffith) ; Rudolph’s Shiny New Year (1976, Red Skelton) ; Jack Frost (1979, Buddy Hackett) ; The Leprechauns' Christmas Gold (1981)

This is a document about Smokey and the Bandit Part 3
  Smokey and the Bandit Part 3 is a 1983 American action comedy film and a third and final sequel to Smokey and the Bandit (1977) and Smokey and the Bandit II (1980), starring Jackie Gleason, Jerry Reed, Paul Williams, Pat McCormick, Mike Henry and Colleen Camp. The film also includes a cameo near the film's end by the original Bandit, Burt Reynolds. With one of the main titular characters missing, the plot of the film revolves instead around Sheriff Buford T Justice ("Smokey"), with the presence of the Bandit merely being suggested through him being impersonated by Cledus ("Snowman"). The film received negative reviews and was a box office bomb.

This is a document about Smokey and the Bandit
  In 2014, petroleum company Mobil 1 produced television commercials, featuring then-NASCAR driver Tony Stewart, closely based on the film. Called Smoke is the Bandit and playing on Stewart's nickname, the commercials featured him as the Bandit opposite commentators Darrell Waltrip as the Snowman and Jeff Hammond as Buford T. Justice. The story replaced the Coors beer with Mobil 1 products. The advertisements lampoon the film and feature a Pontiac Trans Am and a cover version of the song East Bound and Down. The commercials were produced after Stewart mentioned that the movie was one of his favorites.

This is a document about Smokey and the Bandit Part 3
  money, he spots the Snowman. Thinking he is dealing with the real Bandit, he resists "the Bandit's" (imagined as Burt Reynolds) attempts to sweet-talk him out of capturing him before Junior (in a voiceover) reminds him of what is in store for him if he retires. Buford and the Bandit both separately come to the same conclusion that they need each other in order to have meaning in their lives and the chase resumes, with Buford giving the Bandit a five-minute head start and with the muscular woman joining up with him. Junior is left behind and chases after Buford and the woman, dropping all the money in the process.

This is a document about Smokey and the Bandit II
  Smokey and the Bandit II was filmed simultaneously with The Cannonball Run, in which Burt Reynolds and Dom DeLuise also starred. Football players Joe Klecko and Terry Bradshaw also appear in both films. It is the first film to feature director Hal Needham's "Blooper Reel Credit Crawl" at the end, in that a collection of bloopers and outtakes from the film showed on one side of the screen while the closing credits slowly scrolled up the other side. Cannonball Run, also directed by Needham, used this same technique. Buford's brothers were both portrayed by Gleason; "Reggie" was a Canadian version of "Reginald Van Gleason III", a popular character from Gleason's television show. The film was written and produced before

This is a document about Smokey Bear
  Washington, D.C., radio station WMAL personality Jackson Weaver served as the primary voice representing Smokey until Weaver's death in October 1992. Dallas McKennon voiced Smokey in the 1957 Woody Woodpecker short film, Red Riding Hoodlum. George Walsh briefly provided Smokey's voice in the mid 1960s. From 1969 to 1986, Smokey was voiced by Roger C. Carmel. After Weaver's death, Gene Moss took over the role and voiced him until his death in 2002. In later years, Smokey has also been voiced by Jim Cummings (1993–2006) and Jack Angel (2002–2012). Frank Welker also briefly voiced Smokey in a few commercials. In June 2008, the Forest Service launched a new series of public service announcements voiced by actor Sam Elliott, simultaneously giving Smokey a new visual design intended to appeal to young adults. (coincidentally, Elliott was born on the very same day that Smokey was created)

This is a document about Texarkana, Arkansas
  from his 2001 album Say No More; "Gimme Gimme Good Lovin'" by Crazy Elephant; "24 Hours at a Time" by the Marshall Tucker Band; "Texarkana Baby" by Bob Wills and the Texas Playboys, covered by Tennessee Ernie Ford; "Texarkana" by the husband and wife duo, Texarkana; and two songs by Joe Ely, "Fingernails" and "I'm Gonna Strangle You Shorty." ; In the 1977 movie Smokey and the Bandit, The Bandit (Burt Reynolds and the Snowman Jerry Reed) are making a run from Atlanta to Texarkana to get a load of beer; afterward, Sheriff Buford T. Justice (Jackie Gleason) and his son of Texarkana, Texas pursues them. Jerry Reed's 1977 hit song "East Bound and Down" from the

This is a document about A Merry Friggin' Christmas
 Joel McHale as Boyd Mitchler ; Robin Williams as Mitch Mitchler ; Lauren Graham as Luann Mitchler ; Candice Bergen as Donna Mitchler ; Clark Duke as Nelson Mitchler ; Tim Heidecker as Dave Mitchler ; Wendi McLendon-Covey as Shauna Mitchler ; Pierce Gagnon as Douglas Mitchler ; Amara Miller as Pam Mitchler ; Ryan Lee as Rance Mitchler ; Bebe Wood as Vera Mitchler ; Oliver Platt as Hobo Santa ; Amir Arison as Farhad ; Mark Proksch as Trooper Zblocki ; Gene Jones as Glen ; Jeffrey Tambor as Snow Globe Snowman (voice)

This is a document about Frosty the Snowman (TV special)
  Frosty the Snowman is a 1969 American animated Christmas television special produced by Rankin/Bass Productions. It is the first television special featuring the character Frosty the Snowman. The special first aired on December 7, 1969, on the CBS television network in the United States; it has aired annually for the network's Christmas and holiday season every year since. The special was based on the Walter E. Rollins and Steve Nelson song of the same name. It featured the voices of comedians Jimmy Durante (in his final film role) as the film's narrator, Billy De Wolfe as Professor Hinkle, and Jackie Vernon as Frosty. The

Jackie Gleason plays the role of Snowman in "Smokey and the Bandit."


Question: when do new car year models come out

Answer: late September

This is a document about Model year
  production that is being referred to. The new model year typically begins in August to September of the preceding calendar year, though can be as early as February, such being the case for the fourth generation 2022 Acura MDX, which started production in January 2021. This was partly due to the advertising of a new model being coordinated with the launch of the new television season in late September, because of the heavy dependence between television to offer products from automakers to advertise, and the car companies to launch their new models at a high-profile time of year. Imported cars use the model year convention in the U.S.

This is a document about Chevrolet Corvette (C7)
  Production for the 2017 model year began on July 11, 2016 and ended on May 29, 2017 with the 2018 model year production officially beginning the following week.

This is a document about Model year
  model year of the Ford Thunderbird began production in September 1954. Model year followed with calendar year until the mid 1930s until then president Franklin D. Roosevelt signed an executive order to release vehicle model years in the fall of preceding year in order to standardize employment in the automotive industry. The practice of beginning production of next year's model before the end of the year has become a long standing tradition in America. For purposes such as VINs and emissions control, regulations allow cars of a given model year to be sold starting on January 1 of the previous calendar year. For example, a 2019 model

This is a document about Model year
  vehicle can legally go on sale starting January 1, 2018. This has resulted in a few cars in the following model year being introduced in advertisements during the NFL Super Bowl in February. A notable example of an early model year launch would be the Ford Mustang, introduced as an early 1965 model (informally referred to as "19641⁄2") in April 1964 at the World's Fair, several months before the usual start of the 1965 model year in August 1964. For recreational vehicles, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission allows a manufacturer to use a model year up to two years before the date that the vehicle was manufactured.

This is a document about Tesla Model 3
  year— ranking in between the BMW 3 Series and the Volkswagen Golf.   Retail deliveries in Europe and China began in February 2019. Delivery of the first right-hand drive vehicles began in June 2019, starting with the UK and later in Australia and New Zealand. Similarly to how the first US-made Model 3s were delivered to employees in July 2017, the first Chinese-made Model 3 cars were delivered to employees at the end of 2019. In January 2019 the Model 3 overtook the Model S to become the U.S. all-time best selling all-electric car, and, the next month, also passed the Chevrolet Volt to become

This is a document about Tesla Model 3
  plug-in car in China (137,459) and the U.S. (95,135). The Model 3 also was the most popular plug-in electric car in California in 2020 (38,580), as well as the state's best selling car in the near luxury category. The Model 3 has topped both California's and the U.S. national plug-in car sales for three years in-a-row, from 2018 to 2020,  In 2021, the Model 3 became the all-time best-selling electric vehicle in the Netherlands with over 78,996 cars registered at the end of June 2021. The Model 3 became the first electric car to sell over 1 million units globally in June 2021.

This is a document about Subaru Impreza
  Subaru unveiled the fifth generation 2017 model year Impreza sedan and hatchback at the New York International Auto Show in March 2016. The fifth generation is the first model based on the new Subaru Global Platform, which will be the base for all future Subaru models. Japanese domestic market models went on sale on 13 October 2016 at Subaru dealerships, while the new Impreza entered the core North American and Australian markets for the company in December 2016. In Japan, the new Impreza outsold its monthly sales target of 2,500 units by more than fourfold, with 11,050 orders. According to Subaru, demand from customers in the Japanese domestic market switching from other

This is a document about History of the electric vehicle
  November 2018, quicker than any previous model sold in the country. The Model 3 was the top-selling plug-in electric car in the U.S. for 12 consecutive months since January 2018, ending 2018 as the best-selling plug-in with an estimated all-time record of 139,782 units delivered, the first time a plug-in car sold more than 100 thousand units in a single year. In 2018, for the first time in any country, an all-electric car topped annual sales of the passenger car segment. The Nissan Leaf was Norway's best selling new passenger car model in 2018. The Tesla Model 3 listed as the

This is a document about Mate Rimac
  first model, the Rimac Concept_One, at the 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show. Adriano Mudri has worked with Rimac ever since and is Rimac’s Director of Design today. During the initial years, Rimac was always on the edge of survival and having a hard time attracting investors to put money into a Croatian tech company. However, after years of proving themselves to the industry, Rimac grew and eventually attracted significant investment from companies such as Porsche, Hyundai and Kia. In 2018 Rimac introduced its next generation sports car, the Nevera (renamed from C_Two). After undergoing final development and testing in 2020, production and customer deliveries were planned for 2021. As of

This is a document about Cadillac Escalade
  The fifth-generation Escalade debuted on February 4, 2020, in Beverly Hills, California, for the 2021 model year, with sales commencing in the fall of 2020. Although production of the 2021 Escalade was pushed back due to the growing pandemic, GM had the vehicle scheduled to hit dealerships as planned. Dealers started taking pre-orders on April 23, 2020. To hype up the Escalade, Cadillac launched a 3D visualizer showcasing the vehicle. This visualizer lets the user interact with the Escalade and Escalade ESV by turning on the lights, changing the color, changing the rims, and looking at the interior. The fifth generation Escalade is built on the GMT1XX platform, sharing it with the

This is a document about Electric car
  According to Bloomberg New Energy Finance,, there were almost 180 models of highway-capable all-electric passenger cars and utility vans available for retail sales globally. Tesla became the world's leading electric vehicle manufacturer in December 2019, with cumulative global sales of over 900,000 all-electric cars since 2008. Its Model S was the world's top selling plug-in electric car in 2015 and 2016, and its Model 3 has been the world's best selling plug-in electric car for three years in a row, from 2018 to 2020. The Tesla Model 3 surpassed the Leaf in early 2020 to become the world's cumulative best selling electric car, with more than 500,000 sold by March 2020. Tesla produced its 1 millionth electric

This is a document about BMW 7 Series (G11)
  The updated 7 Series models were unveiled on 16 January 2019 as 2020 model year cars. Notable changes of the facelift include a larger kidney grille shared with the X7 (40 percent larger than the outgoing model) and sleeker headlights with optional laser headlights. The V8 models and the hybrid models were updated and a new hands-free driving system which operates under certain conditions was added to the range. The new front is accompanied by a more prominent front fascia and a power dome on the bonnet. The rear of the car now has LED tail lamps joined by a

This is a document about Plug-in electric vehicles in Norway
  July 2016, when new car registrations are break down by type of powertrain, for the first time a plug-in hybrid, the Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV, listed as the top selling new car. In September 2016, the Tesla Model X ranked as the top selling new car model in Norway when registrations are broken down by type of powetrain. The BMW i3 was the top selling new passenger car in November 2016. In March 2019, the Tesla Model 3, with over 5,300 cars delivered, set the all-time record for monthly sales of a single passenger car model.  Norway was also the first country

This is a document about Hyundai Sonata
  The 2020 Sonata was previewed in early March 2019 and officially launched on March 21 in South Korea. It was also debuted during the 2019 Shanghai Auto Show for the Chinese market and made its North American debut at the 2019 New York International Auto Show on April 17 for the North American market. The eighth-generation Sonata uses a new third-generation architecture and showcases Hyundai's latest "Sensuous Sportiness" design language which was first previewed by the Le Fil Rouge concept. The styling is less conservative and more pronounced compared to the previous generation. It now sports a fastback-like shape and features driving lights which run all the way up the hood and full-width,

This is a document about Jaguar Land Rover
  In September 2017, Jaguar Land Rover announced that all new Jaguar and Land Rover models launched from the 2020 model year will have an all-electric or hybrid powertrain option. In October 2017, JLR announced that its electrification programme will start with the Range Rover Sport P400e for the 2018 model year, a plug-in hybrid model due in the showrooms in late 2017. and be followed by the launch of a plug-in hybrid Range Rover due in 2018 for the 2019 model year, Jaguar Land Rover paid $49.5 million in fines for missing its American Corporate Average Fuel Economy targets over the 2009–13 model years. At the beginning of June 2019, JLR and BMW announced that they will collaborate "to develop next generation electric drive units". On 5 July 2019, JLR confirmed

This is a document about BMW 8 Series (G15)
  The 8 Series is based on the BMW Concept 8 Series that debuted at the 2017 Concorso d’Eleganza Villa d’Este, and featured a new design language and iteration of the iDrive system. The production version was officially unveiled at the 24 Hours of Le Mans on June 15, 2018. The BMW Concept M8 Gran Coupé was later introduced at the 2018 Geneva Motor Show, and is a high-performance four-door variant of the 8 Series which was unveiled in June 2019. The 8 Series utilises a double-wishbone front suspension and rear multi-link suspension. The car uses BMW's Carbon Core technology, integrating carbon-fibre within its chassis. GPS navigation data is used for the 8-speed automatic transmission to predict upshifts or downshifts when approaching a junction, and cameras along with sensors are utilised to determine appropriate shutdowns for the engine start-stop system. The convertible version

This is a document about Model year
  In other countries, it is more common to identify specific vehicles by their year and month of production, and cars of a particular type by their generation, using terms such as "Mark III" or by the manufacturer's code for that kind of car (such as "BL" being the code for a Mazda 3 built between November 2008 and June 2013). In Europe, the lesser use of model years as a descriptor is partly because since the 1980s many vehicles are introduced at the Geneva Motor Show in March, the Frankfurt Motor Show in September or the Paris Motor Show in September. New models have increasingly been launched in June or July.

This is a document about Fiat New 500
  Sergio Marchionne called for Fiat Chrysler Automobiles to pivot towards electric and hybrid automobiles starting in 2018, including an all-new electric 500 by 2020. Previously, FCA had assembled the 500e, a battery-electric vehicle derived from the 2007 Fiat 500 but limited to the United States market only, at its Toluca Car Assembly plant in Mexico from December 2012 to June 2019. FCA showed the Fiat Centoventi concept at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2019; the Centoventi concept previewed what automotive industry believed to be a future battery-electric Fiat Panda, which in turn was expected to form the basis for the next electric Fiat 500. The concept Centoventi showcased a modular

This is a document about Hot Wheels
  date code of 1987 would indicate the car was made on the 198th day of 2017 (July 17). A code of 0250 would be the 25th day of 2010 (or 2020; depending on the car). Date codes only indicate when a specific car was made. They do not necessarily reflect the model release year of a particular car. Mainline production changes to the next model year right around the middle of the calendar year at the end of June/beginning of July. Premiums and other special series lines often run later in the calendar year before changing production to the next year.

This is a document about Suicide door
   Pickup trucks are the only modern vehicle type that widely uses rear-hinged doors. The Ford F-150 as of the 2021 model year is available with rear-hinged doors at the rear. In 2003, the new Rolls-Royce Phantom car (sold in the United Kingdom) reintroduced independent rear-hinged doors in luxury vehicle applications. Other luxury models with rear-hinged doors include the Spyker D8 and the Rolls-Royce Phantom Drophead Coupe four-seat convertible. The most recent mass-produced model with such doors may be the Opel Meriva, followed by the Rolls-Royce Cullinan in 2018, and a few Chinese electric vehicles including the Singulato iS6 in 2018 and HiPhi X in 2020. Lincoln announced that 80 limited-edition

New car year models typically come out in the fall of the preceding year, with production beginning in the summer of that year. However, some manufacturers may start production earlier or later depending on their marketing strategies and product cycles. For example, Tesla began delivering the first units of the Model 3 in late 2019, but production started earlier in the year. The exact release date can vary from one manufacturer to another and from one model to another.


Question: who won season ten of rupauls drag race

Answer: Aquaria

This is a document about RuPaul's Drag Race (season 10)
  song played during the runway segment every episode was "Snapshot", and the song played during the closing credits was "Rock It (To The Moon)", both songs from the album Remember Me: Essential, Vol. 1. Much like the previous season, it featured the top four contestants of the season advance to the finale, and feature the "Lip-Sync for the Crown" " where there will be two rounds of lipsyncs and the winner of both lipsyncs will move ahead to the final lipsync and who ever wins the final lipsync will be declared as the winner. The winner of the tenth season of RuPaul's Drag Race was Aquaria, with Kameron Michaels and Eureka being the runners-up, and Monét X Change being Miss Congeniality. It was the first time in the show's history to feature three queens compete for the crown under the new format.

This is a document about RuPaul's Drag Race (season 10)
  The tenth season of RuPaul's Drag Race began airing on March 22, 2018, on VH1. The premiere was broadcast one week after the finale of the third season of RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars, and episodes are to be followed by RuPaul's Drag Race: Untucked. Contestants were officially announced on February 22, 2018, in a teaser trailer “Ruveal” during an episode of All Stars 3 later followed by a special "Meet the Queens" live-stream on Facebook, hosted by season nine winner, Sasha Velour. This season saw the return of season 9 contestant Eureka O'Hara who was removed from her original season after tearing her ACL. The prizes for the winner of this season include a one-year supply of Anastasia Beverly Hills cosmetics and a cash prize of $100,000. This is the first season in which each episode was 90 minutes long. The

This is a document about Eureka O'Hara
  On February 2, 2017, it was announced that Eureka was selected alongside thirteen other contestants to compete on season nine of RuPaul's Drag Race. She was removed from the competition in episode five due to a torn ACL from the episode two challenge, making her the first contestant in the history of RuPaul's Drag Race to leave due to an injury. She received physical therapy before returning to compete on the show's tenth season in 2018. Eureka ultimately finished in the top 3 of season 10, alongside Aquaria and Kameron Michaels. After finishing as a runner up on season 10, Eureka continued to work prominently as a drag queen in the entertainment industry. She starred in the

This is a document about RuPaul's Drag Race
  of season 9 was Sasha Velour, with Valentina winning Miss Congeniality. Season 10 began airing on March 22, 2018. Visage returned as a main judge, while Kressley and Mathews returned as rotating main judges. This season features thirteen new contestants, and one returning contestant, competing for the title of "America's Next Drag Superstar", a one-year supply of Anastasia Beverly Hills cosmetics, and a cash prize of $100,000. Eureka O'Hara, who was removed from the ninth season due to an injury, returned to the show after she accepted an open invitation. Season 10 premiered alongside the televised return of Untucked. The tenth season featured a top four following the previous season's finale format. The winner of season

This is a document about RuPaul's Drag Race (season 9)
  Aja competed on the third season of All Stars and placed 7th overall. Eureka O'Hara returned on the tenth season of RuPaul's Drag Race and ultimately placed as a runner-up. Trinity Taylor, Valentina, and Farrah Moan competed on the fourth season of All Stars. Farrah placed 9th and Valentina placed 7th overall. Trinity won the competition with season 10 contestant Monét X Change. Shea Couleé competed on the fifth season of All Stars and won the competition. Eureka O'hara returned to the show in season 10 and finished as a runner-up. She also returned to compete in the sixth season of All Stars and finished as a runner-up alongside season 7 contestant Ginger Minj and season 11 contestant Ra'Jah O'Hara.

This is a document about Aquaria (drag queen)
  Giovanni Palandrani (born February 12, 1996), better known by his stage name Aquaria, is an American drag queen, television personality, and recording artist best known for winning the tenth season of RuPaul's Drag Race in 2018. In June 2019, a panel of judges from New York magazine placed her 11th on their list of "the most powerful drag queens in America", a ranking of 100 former Drag Race contestants.

This is a document about RuPaul's Drag Race
  commentary from RuPaul. For season 2 (2010), 12 contestants competed for a lifetime supply of NYX Cosmetics and be the face of nyxcosmetics.com, an exclusive one year public relations contract with LGBT firm Project Publicity, be featured in an LA Eyeworks campaign, join the Logo Drag Race Tour, and a cash prize of $25,000. A new tradition of writing a farewell message in lipstick on the workstation mirror was started by the first eliminated queen, Shangela. Each week's episode is followed by a behind-the-scenes show, RuPaul's Drag Race Untucked. The winner of season 2 was Tyra Sanchez, with Pandora Boxx winning Miss Congeniality.

This is a document about RuPaul's DragCon NYC
  Yvie Oddly, winner of season eleven of Drag Race, was named as one of a rotating cast of a dozen Drag Race queens in RuPaul's Drag Race Live!, a Las Vegas show residency from January to August 2020 at the Flamingo Las Vegas. The show will feature RuPaul’s music and seven of the twelve queens: Oddly, Aquaria (winner of season ten), Asia O'Hara (season ten), Coco Montrese (season five, All Stars season two), Derrick Barry (season eight), Eureka O'Hara (season nine and ten), India Ferrah (season three), Kahanna Montrese (season eleven), Kameron Michaels (season ten), Kim Chi (season eight), Naomi Smalls (season eight), and Shannel (season one, All Stars one).

This is a document about RuPaul's Drag Race (season 9)
  The ninth season of RuPaul's Drag Race began airing on March 24, 2017, on VH1. The returning judges included RuPaul, Michelle Visage, Ross Mathews and Carson Kressley. Fourteen drag queens (including one returnee) competed for the title of "America's Next Drag Superstar". The prizes for the winner are a one-year supply of Anastasia Beverly Hills cosmetics, a cash prize of $100,000, and a crown and scepter provided by Shandar. The full list of contestants was revealed on February 2, 2017. This season saw the return of season eight contestant Cynthia Lee Fontaine, who finished the competition in 10th place. The winner of the ninth season of RuPaul's Drag Race was Sasha Velour, with Peppermint being the runner-up and Valentina winning Miss Congeniality.

This is a document about Asia O'Hara
   On February 22, 2018, O'Hara was presented as one of the 14 drag queens competing on Season 10 of RuPaul's Drag Race. She won two main challenges on the show and came in fourth place. In her finale performance, she is most notable for a failed attempt to release live butterflies from inside her costume, which received negative attention from animal welfare organizations such as PETA who condemned her actions as a 'Sad Spectacle'. Asia also received backlash from RuPaul and VH1 for her use of animals in the finale. In response to the backlash "O’Hara promised to donate over 100 volunteer hours to the ASPCA." O'Hara was featured in RuPaul's Secret Celebrity Drag Race, a RuPaul's Drag Race spin-off, where she helped celebrities undergo a drag transformation.

This is a document about Vanessa Vanjie Mateo
  Foureira from Cyprus; he also said it in reference to Montenegro singer Vanja Radovanović, whose name resembles Miss Vanjie's. RuPaul wore a "Vanjie" necklace during the Time 100 Gala red carpet. The catchphrase was also referenced in multiple further episodes of Drag Race season ten. A Snapchat filter of Vanessa's runway look was made available the day after the season ten reunion.  On January 24, 2019, Mateo was announced as one of the fifteen competitors of season 11 of RuPaul's Drag Race. She was in the bottom two for episodes nine and ten, and won both lip syncs against Plastique Tiara and Shuga Cain. She was eliminated by Brooke Lynn Hytes in the penultimate week in episode twelve, and placed fifth. In Episode 5 of All Stars 5, she made a guest appearance as a "Lip Sync Assassin", where she lip-synced against Shea Couleé, but lost.

This is a document about Blair St. Clair
   St. Clair first rose to prominence when she won the title of Miss Gay Indiana in 2016. She was revealed as one of fourteen contestants on the tenth season of RuPaul's Drag Race before the official cast was announced due to getting arrested for a DUI violation. She is the first contestant from Indiana to compete on the show. She was the sixth contestant eliminated on a lipsync to Diana Ross' "I'm Coming Out", losing to The Vixen, and placing ninth. St. Clair's grand finale dress was designed by Project Runway alumnus Mondo Guerra. After the show, she walked for Guerra's collection at FashioNXT in October 2018.

This is a document about Monét X Change
  Monét X Change was announced as one of fourteen contestants competing on the tenth season of RuPaul's Drag Race on February 22, 2018. She was eliminated in episode ten, placing sixth overall. She was named Miss Congeniality during the season's finale, and is the first holder of the title to have been voted by her fellow contestants. During episode one of Drag Race, Monét X Change made a dress decorated with kitchen sponges for the first runway challenge, which became a running joke throughout the rest of the series and inspired a number of Internet memes amongst fans online. Fellow competitor Yuhua Hamasaki created her own sponge dress for

This is a document about RuPaul's Drag Race (season 5)
  are from RuPaul's album Glamazon. This is the first-ever series in the show's history to feature a double elimination or a double sashay between two contestants, Honey Mahogany and Vivienne Pinay. It is also the first series to feature a queen, Coco Montrese, lip-sync for their life four times and send 3 people home. This is also the first series where RuPaul allowed fans to vote for a winner. The winner of the fifth season of RuPaul's Drag Race was Jinkx Monsoon, with Alaska and Roxxxy Andrews being the runners-up, and Ivy Winters being crowned season 5's Miss Congeniality by fans.

This is a document about Bianca Del Rio
  front-runner among the contestants and a fan favorite, eventually reaching the top three. On May 19, 2014, Del Rio was crowned the winner of the sixth season over runners-up Adore Delano and Courtney Act. She was the second winner and fourth contestant to reach the finale without having to lip sync for her life, and is the first and, to date, the only contestant in the history of the series to make it through the entire competition without ever placing low or in the bottom of a challenge. Del Rio is also the first Hispanic winner of RuPaul's Drag Race. In 2013, Del Rio was announced as the lead in the independent film

This is a document about Derrick Barry
  Next Topmodel in 2019. In September 2019, at RuPaul’s DragCon NYC, Barry was named as one of a rotating cast of a dozen Drag Race queens in RuPaul's Drag Race Live!, a Las Vegas show residency from January to August 2020 at the Flamingo Las Vegas. The show will feature RuPaul’s music and seven of the twelve queens: Barry, Aquaria (winner of season ten), Asia O'Hara (season ten), Coco Montrese (season five, All Stars season two), Yvie Oddly (winner of season eleven), Eureka O'Hara (seasons nine and ten, All Stars season six), India Ferrah (season three, All Stars season five), Kahanna Montrese (season eleven), Kameron

This is a document about RuPaul's Drag Race (season 12)
  January 23, 2020. Following multiple revelations of misconduct, contestant Sherry Pie was disqualified from the show and mostly edited out of the American broadcast, although initial overseas screenings retained the original edit. Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the reunion and finale were held virtually across the country. The winner of the twelfth season of RuPaul's Drag Race was Jaida Essence Hall, with Crystal Methyd and Gigi Goode being the runners-up, and Heidi N Closet being Miss Congeniality. The Halloween variety show Bring Back My Ghouls, hosted by Essence Hall and featuring season 12 contestants, was broadcast on WOWPresents on October 30, 2020.

This is a document about RuPaul's Drag Race (season 4)
  and the second season in a row in which a contestant, Kenya Michaels, was brought back into the competition after having been eliminated in a prior episode. The winner of the fourth season of RuPaul's Drag Race was Sharon Needles, with Chad Michaels and Phi Phi O'Hara as runners-up, making it the first time in the show's history to have two runners-up. The final also featured the first three-way lip-sync battle, instead of the usual two competitors. It was the first season in which the winner was not crowned in the studio but during the "Reunited" episode, which was filmed in front of an audience. This was also the first time three versions of the finale were filmed with each Top 3 contestant being crowned to prevent spoilers, this came after Raja winning Season 3 was leaked by Perez Hilton in 2011.

This is a document about Nina Bo'nina Brown
  Brown was announced as one of fourteen contestants competing on the ninth season of RuPaul's Drag Race on February 2, 2017. She was the winner of the premiere episode challenge with Lady Gaga as the guest judge. In episode five, she voiced her thoughts on not being cast as model Blac Chyna for the musical challenge. She named her 2018 tour "I Shoulda Been Blac Chyna", after this moment. Drag Race alumni Alaska also referenced this moment in a line of her song "Valentina". She placed in the bottom two three times, eliminating Aja and Valentina, before being eliminated herself on the makeover episode, after losing a lip sync of "Cool for the Summer" by Demi Lovato against Shea Couleé. In June

This is a document about Aquaria (drag queen)
  Aquaria is the drag daughter of Drag Race season four winner Sharon Needles. However, she has said that she "does not support him" and "feels awful for anyone he has hurt" in 2020. She began performing in drag in 2014. Like RuPaul, Aquaria received early support from Susanne Bartsch. Aquaria was featured in a Vogue Italia spread in January 2016 with Bartsch and other Drag Race alumnae. In early 2018, it was announced that Aquaria was chosen as one of fourteen contestants for the tenth season of RuPaul's Drag Race, upon her first audition for the program. She won three main challenges, never ranked in the bottom two, and was the first queen in the show's

Aquaria won season ten of RuPaul's Drag Race.


Question: who was the programmer of ms-dos operating system

Answer: Tim Paterson

This is a document about Andy Johnson-Laird
  Because of Johnson-Laird's experience with writing the software drivers for the Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) for various microcomputers, John Katsaros of Digital Research engaged him to create BIOS drivers for CP/M-86 for the first IBM personal computer. Working in conditions of considerable IBM-imposed secrecy in Digital Research's Pacific Grove offices, Johnson-Laird discovered a Microsoft employee's name, Bob O'Rear, in the boot sector of the PC DOS diskette. He reported this and the numerous similarities in the application programming interface of PC DOS and CP/M to Gary Kildall. Kildall was stunned to see the similarities. "There were some shallow changes, but it was essentially the same program," Johnson-Laird reported in an interview with BusinessWeek. It later turned out that Microsoft had licensed a program called 86-DOS from Seattle Computer Products. Tim Paterson had created 86-DOS, which he originally called QDOS, by copying the functional application programming interface from the CP/M manuals. 86-DOS became Microsoft's MS-DOS and IBM's PC DOS.

This is a document about DONKEY.BAS
  When IBM was developing the PC in the late 1970s and early 1980s it contracted Microsoft to develop an operating system and a version of the BASIC programming language to release with the new computer. The operating system was released as PC DOS when included with IBM PCs and MS-DOS when sold separately by Microsoft. Both included versions of Microsoft BASIC. DONKEY.BAS was written by Bill Gates and Neil Konzen to demonstrate the IBM PC and the BASIC programming language's capability to produce interactive programs with color graphics and sound. The game continues to generate interest in part because of the involvement of Gates

This is a document about MS-DOS
  MS-DOS was a renamed form of 86-DOS –  owned by Seattle Computer Products, written by Tim Paterson. Development of 86-DOS took only six weeks, as it was basically a clone of Digital Research's CP/M (for 8080/Z80 processors), ported to run on 8086 processors and with two notable differences compared to CP/M: an improved disk sector buffering logic, and the introduction of FAT12 instead of the CP/M filesystem. This first version was shipped in August 1980. Microsoft, which needed an operating system for the IBM Personal Computer, hired Tim Paterson in May 1981 and bought 86-DOS 1.10 for US$75000 in July of the same year. Microsoft kept the version number, but renamed

This is a document about Tim Paterson
  Tim Paterson (born 1 June 1956) is an American computer programmer, best known for creating 86-DOS, an operating system for the Intel 8086. This system emulated the application programming interface (API) of CP/M, which was created by Gary Kildall. 86-DOS later formed the basis of MS-DOS, the most widely used personal computer operating system in the 1980s.

This is a document about DUCS (software)
  Dick Goran wrote the original DOS 2260 package. Its popularity made him realize it had potential as a commercial product, and he left IBM about 1970, and incorporated in Brookline, Massachusetts as CFS, Inc.

This is a document about MS-DOS
  MS-DOS (acronym for Microsoft Disk Operating System, also known as Microsoft DOS) is an operating system for x86-based personal computers mostly developed by Microsoft. Collectively, MS-DOS, its rebranding as IBM PC DOS, and few operating systems attempting to be compatible with MS-DOS, are sometimes referred to as "DOS" (which is also the generic acronym for disk operating system). MS-DOS was the main operating system for IBM PC compatible personal computers during the 1980s, from which point it was gradually superseded by operating systems offering a graphical user interface (GUI), in various generations of the graphical Microsoft Windows operating system. IBM licensed and re-released it in 1981 as PC DOS 1.0 for use in its PCs. Although MS-DOS and PC DOS were initially developed in parallel by Microsoft and IBM, the two products diverged after twelve years, in 1993,

This is a document about Comparison of user features of operating systems
  MS-DOS (acronym for Microsoft Disk Operating System) is an operating system for x86-based personal computers mostly developed by Microsoft. Collectively, MS-DOS, its rebranding as IBM PC DOS, and some operating systems attempting to be compatible with MS-DOS, are sometimes referred to as "DOS" (which is also the generic acronym for disk operating system). MS-DOS was the main operating system for IBM PC compatible personal computers during the 1980s, from which point it was gradually superseded by operating systems offering a graphical user interface (GUI), in various generations of the graphical Microsoft Windows operating system. IBM licensed and re-released it in 1981 as PC DOS 1.0 for use in its PCs. Although MS-DOS and PC DOS were initially developed in parallel by Microsoft and IBM, the two products diverged after twelve years, in 1993, with recognizable differences

This is a document about List of programmers
 Keith Packard – X Window System ; Larry Page – cofounded Google, Inc. ; Alexey Pajitnov – created game Tetris on Electronica 60 ; Seymour Papert – Logo (programming language) ; David Park (1935–1990) – first Lisp implementation, expert in fairness, program schemas, bisimulation in concurrent computing ; Mike Paterson – algorithms, analysis of algorithms (complexity) ; Tim Paterson – authored 86-DOS (QDOS) ; Markus Persson – created Minecraft ; Jeffrey Peterson – key free and open source software architect, created Quepasa ; Charles Petzold – authored many Microsoft Windows programming books ; Rob Pike – wrote first bitmapped window system for Unix, cocreated UTF-8 character encoding, authored text editor sam and programming environment acme, main author of Plan 9 and Inferno operating systems, and co-authored Go programming language ; Kent Pitman – technical contributor to the ANSI Common Lisp standard ; Tom Preston-Werner – cofounded GitHub

This is a document about MSX-DOS
  they were not working from the same code base. Paterson spent three days in Tokyo figuring out the problems and came back to Seattle. Chris Larson from Microsoft and Jay Suzuki visited Paterson in Seattle at the end of February and early March 1984. They brought an MSX machine with an in-circuit emulator (ICE) for debugging. They got everything working and on 23 April 1984, Microsoft accepted delivery and made the final payment for MSX-DOS to Paterson. At the time MSX-DOS was written, there was only one popular disk operating system for 8-bit Intel 8080 compatible microprocessors, which was Digital Research's CP/M-80 system. It was also

This is a document about Windows NT 3.1
  While Microsoft had a major foothold on the personal computer market due to the use of its MS-DOS as the de facto operating system of IBM PC compatibles, Nathan Myhrvold (who had joined Microsoft after its acquisition of Dynamical Systems Research) identified two major threats to Microsoft's monopoly— RISC architectures, which proved to be more powerful than the equivalent Intel processors that MS-DOS ran on, and Unix, a family of cross-platform multitasking operating systems with support for multiprocessing and networking. While the widespread use of Unix was hindered by the need to adapt programs for each individual variant, Bill Gates believed that the combination of a Unix-like operating system with RISC

This is a document about 86-DOS
  In 2016, Bob Zeidman from Zeidman Consulting, compared CP/M by Digital Research Inc. and DOS by Tim Paterson (the developer who was originally contracted by Microsoft to write DOS) in order to determine whether the original DOS source code had been copied from CP/M source code as had been rumored for many years. If commands in DOS and CP/M are compared, only a few of them coincide partially. In fact, there are more similarities between DOS and OS/8 commands, than between DOS and CP/M commands. This is due to the fact that all these commands consist of English words which directly describe the action to be performed. However, after analyzing the system calls in both operating

This is a document about Paul Allen
   Allen and Gates formed Microsoft in 1975 in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and began marketing a BASIC programming language interpreter, with their first employee being high school friend and collaborator Ric Weiland. Allen came up with the name of "Micro-Soft", a combination of "microcomputer" and "software". Microsoft committed to delivering a disk operating system (DOS) to IBM for the original IBM PC in 1980, although they had not yet developed one, and Allen spearheaded a deal for Microsoft to purchase QDOS (Quick and Dirty Operating System) written by Tim Paterson who was employed at Seattle Computer Products. As a result of this transaction, Microsoft secured a contract to

This is a document about Gary Kildall
  tell reporters. Sams left Gates with the task of finding a usable operating system, and a few weeks later he proposed using the operating system 86-DOS—an independently developed operating system that implemented Kildall's CP/M API—from Seattle Computer Products (SCP). Paul Allen negotiated a licensing deal with SCP. Allen had 86-DOS adapted for IBM's hardware, and IBM shipped it as IBM PC DOS. Kildall obtained a copy of PC DOS, examined it, and concluded that it infringed on CP/M. When he asked Gerry Davis what legal options were available, Davis told him that intellectual property law for software was not clear enough to sue. Instead Kildall only threatened IBM with legal action, and IBM responded

This is a document about Westi
  In 1972, IBM released DOS/VS with the IBM/370 and the first IBM 3270 terminals, and the Westinghouse Software group began a rewrite for new products. Several new team members were assigned, including John Gaston, who took over lead development following the departure of Steve O'Donnell in the latter 1970s. (Steve O'Donnell went on to found GOAL Systems, Inc.)

This is a document about Bill Gates
  IBM, the leading supplier of computer equipment to commercial enterprises at the time, approached Microsoft in July 1980 concerning software for its upcoming personal computer, the IBM PC, after Bill Gates's mother, Mary Maxwell Gates, mentioned Microsoft to John Opel, IBM's CEO. IBM first proposed that Microsoft write the BASIC interpreter. IBM's representatives also mentioned that they needed an operating system, and Gates referred them to Digital Research (DRI), makers of the widely used CP/M operating system. IBM's discussions with Digital Research went poorly, however, and they did not reach a licensing agreement. IBM representative Jack Sams mentioned the licensing difficulties during a subsequent meeting

This is a document about THE multiprogramming system
  The THE multiprogramming system or THE OS was a computer operating system designed by a team led by Edsger W. Dijkstra, described in monographs in 1965-66 and published in 1968. Dijkstra never named the system; "THE" is simply the abbreviation of "Technische Hogeschool Eindhoven", then the name (in Dutch) of the Eindhoven University of Technology of the Netherlands. The THE system was primarily a batch system that supported multitasking; it was not designed as a multi-user operating system. It was much like the SDS 940, but "the set of processes in the THE system was static". The THE system apparently introduced the first forms of

This is a document about IBM PC DOS
  Microsoft first licensed, then purchased 86-DOS from Seattle Computer Products (SCP), which was modified for the IBM PC by Microsoft employee Bob O'Rear with assistance from SCP (later Microsoft) employee Tim Paterson. O'Rear got 86-DOS to run on the prototype PC in February 1981. 86-DOS had to be converted from 8-inch to 5.25-inch floppy disks and integrated with the BIOS, which Microsoft was helping IBM to write. IBM had more people writing requirements for the computer than Microsoft had writing code. O'Rear often felt overwhelmed by the number of people he had to deal with at the ESD (Entry Systems Division) facility in Boca Raton, Florida. Perhaps the first public mention of the operating system was in July 1981, when Byte discussed rumors of a forthcoming personal computer with "a CP/M-like DOS ... to be called, simply, 'IBM Personal Computer DOS. 86-DOS was rebranded IBM PC DOS 1.0

This is a document about Jim Hall (computer programmer)
  Jim Hall (James F. Hall) is a computer programmer and advocate of free software, best known for his work on FreeDOS. Hall began writing the free replacement for the MS-DOS operating system in 1994 when he was still a physics student at the University of Wisconsin-River Falls. He remains active with FreeDOS, and is currently the coordinator for the project. Hall has said he created FreeDOS in response to Microsoft announcing end of support for MS-DOS in 1994, a year before Windows 95 was released. As a user and fan of MS-DOS, Hall did not want the functionality of DOS to go away. Prompted by

This is a document about DOS
  initial negotiations for the use of CP/M broke down; Digital Research wished to sell CP/M on a royalty basis, while IBM sought a single license, and to change the name to "PC DOS". Digital Research founder Gary Kildall refused, and IBM withdrew.  IBM again approached Bill Gates. Gates in turn approached Seattle Computer Products. There, programmer Tim Paterson had developed a variant of CP/M-80, intended as an internal product for testing SCP's new 16-bit Intel 8086 CPU card for the S-100 bus. The system was initially named QDOS (Quick and Dirty Operating System), before being made commercially available as 86-DOS.

This is a document about SAM Coupé
   The machine shipped with 32 KB of ROM containing code to boot the machine and a BASIC interpreter (SAM BASIC) written by Andrew Wright and heavily influenced by his earlier Beta BASIC for the ZX Spectrum. The ROMs contained only the bootstrap code and the DOS was instead loaded from disk using the BOOT command, or the F9 key. The majority of disks shipped with SAMDOS, the system's first DOS, on them so that they could be directly booted. An improved replacement, MasterDOS, was also developed offering faster disk access, more files and support for the real-time clock accessory to provide file timestamps amongst many other improvements. The BASIC was very advanced and included code for sprite drawing and basic vector shapes such as lines and circles. The screen co-ordinate system for these was variable and could be arbitrarily scaled and centred. A provision for "recording" sequences of graphics commands so that they could later be repeated without the speed penalty of a BASIC interpreter in between was provided. The machine is capable of running CP/M 2.2 using the Pro-Dos software with support for both 720 Kilobyte format disks and IDE drives

Tim Paterson wrote the MS-DOS operating system. He was hired by Microsoft in July 1980 and provided the 86-0010 version of 86-DOS, which became the basis for MS-DOS.