Question: when was the last time someone was executed by electric chair

Answer: January 16 , 2013

This is a document about Capital punishment in Illinois
  the electric chair remained operational to replace lethal injection if needed. In 1994, the state executed serial killer John Wayne Gacy, who sexually assaulted, tortured and murdered at least 33 teenage boys and young men between 1972 and 1978 in Cook County (a part of metropolitan Chicago). The last man executed in Illinois was the serial killer Andrew Kokoraleis in 1999. On January 11, 2003, the Republican Governor George Ryan blanket-commuted the sentences of all the 167 inmates condemned to death, and pardoned four of them, a gesture that his opponents attribute to the fact that he was rendered

This is a document about Capital punishment in Texas
  first executions on the electric chair were on February 8, 1924, when Charles Reynolds, Ewell Morris, Harris Washington, Haden Cochran, and Melvin Johnson had their death sentences carried out. The five executions were the most carried out on a single day in the state. The state would conduct multiple executions on a single day on several other occasions, the last being on August 9, 2000. Since then, the state has not executed more than one person on a single day, though there is no law prohibiting it. A total of 361 people were electrocuted in Texas, with the last being Joseph Johnson on July 30, 1964.

This is a document about Andrew Lee Jones
 "There's a possible chance I did it, a possible chance I didn't do it. If I had not been drunk, nothing like that would have happened. I'm like anybody else. . . I don't want to die or anything like that." On July 22, 1991, Andrew Lee Jones was executed in the electric chair at Louisiana State Penitentiary at Angola. He was the last person executed by electric chair in this state. A law making lethal injection the only method of execution had already been passed, but it didn't take effect until September 15. While he did not make a final statement, at a Pardon Board hearing three days before he was executed, he said:

This is a document about Electric chair
  2014 after a circuit court judge vacated his sentence on the grounds that Stinney did not receive a fair trial. The judge determined that Stinney's legal counsel was inadequate, thus violating his rights under the Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. On May 25, 1979, John Spenkelink became the first person to be electrocuted after the Gregg v. Georgia decision by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1976. He was the first person to be executed in the United States in this manner since 1966. The last person to be executed by electric chair without the choice of an alternative method was Lynda Lyon Block on May 10, 2002, in Alabama.

This is a document about Electric chair
  was photographed for a front-page story on New York Daily News the following morning by news photographer Tom Howard who had smuggled a camera into the death chamber and photographed her in the electric chair as the current was turned on. It remains one of the best-known examples of photojournalism. A record was set on July 13, 1928, when seven men were executed consecutively in the electric chair at the Kentucky State Penitentiary in Eddyville, Kentucky. On June 16, 1944, an African-American teenager, 14-year-old George Stinney, became the youngest person ever executed in the electric chair when he was electrocuted at the Central Correctional Institution in Columbia, South Carolina. His conviction was overturned

This is a document about Allen Lee Davis
  the practice of capital punishment by electrocution was outdated, and that any future executions should be carried out through lethal injection. In 1999, the state of Florida heard a petition from Thomas Harrison Provenzano, another death row inmate, that argued that the electric chair was a "cruel and unusual punishment". As of 2021, Davis was the last Florida inmate executed by electric chair. Since 2000, all subsequent executions were by lethal injection. Inmates, however, may still choose electrocution. As of 2021, only Wayne C. Doty has opted for death by electrocution; he is still alive, and his execution date has yet to be set.

This is a document about Electric chair
  the state passed a law allowing the use of the electric chair if lethal injection drugs were unavailable or made unconstitutional. Lethal injection has been the primary method of execution in Florida since 2000. On February 15, 2008, the Nebraska Supreme Court declared execution by electrocution to be "cruel and unusual punishment" prohibited by the Nebraska Constitution. The last judicial electrocution in the US prior to Furman v Georgia took place in Oklahoma in 1966. The electric chair was used quite frequently in post-Gregg v Georgia executions during the 1980s, but its use in the United States gradually declined in the 1990s due to the widespread adoption of lethal injection. A number of states still allow the condemned person to choose between electrocution and lethal injection, with the most recent US electrocution, of Nicholas Todd Sutton, taking place in February 2020 in Tennessee.

This is a document about Electric chair
  1967 abduction and gang-rape of the young actress Maggie de la Riva. The last electric chair execution in the Philippines was in 1976 and was later replaced with lethal injection when executions resumed in that country. Ethiopia had, according to some sources, attempted to adopt the electric chair as a method of executing criminals. The emperor Menelik II is said to have acquired three electric chairs in 1896 at the behest of a missionary, but could not make the devices work as his nation did not have a reliable source of electric power available at that time. Two of the chairs were either used as garden furniture or given to friends and Menelik II is said to have used the third electric chair as a throne.

This is a document about Capital punishment in the United States
  low IQ, race and homosexuality in their representations of her as a murderer at trial. The tactic did not work. The federal government executes women infrequently. Ethel Rosenberg, convicted of espionage, was executed in the electric chair on June 19, 1953, and Bonnie Brown Heady, convicted of kidnapping and murder, was executed in the gas chamber later that same year on December 18. Since Heady, only one more woman has been executed: Lisa Montgomery, convicted of killing a pregnant woman and cutting out and kidnapping her baby, by lethal injection in Indiana on January 13, 2021. Her execution had been stayed while her lawyers argued that she suffered from mental health issues, but the Supreme Court lifted the stay.

This is a document about Sing Sing
   In total, 614 men and women – including four inmates under federal death sentences – were executed by electric chair at Sing Sing until the abolition of the death penalty in 1972. After a series of escapes from death row, a new Death House was built in 1920 and began executions in 1922. High profile executions in Sing Sing's electric chair, nicknamed "Old Sparky", include Julius and Ethel Rosenberg on June 19, 1953, for espionage for the Soviet Union on nuclear weapon research; and Gerhard Puff on August 12, 1954, for the murder of an FBI agent. The last person executed in New York state was Eddie Lee Mays, for murder, on August 15, 1963. In 1972, the United States Supreme Court ruled in Furman v. Georgia that the death penalty was unconstitutional if its application was inconsistent and arbitrary. This led to a temporary de facto nationwide moratorium (executions resumed in other states in 1977), but the electric chair at Sing Sing still remained. In the early 1970s, the electric chair was moved to Green Haven Correctional Facility in working condition, but was never used again.

This is a document about Old Sparky
  begin. Witnesses would leave once both doctors had confirmed that death had occurred. In its 75 years of operation, a total of 695 men and women were executed by the electric chair in New York state (614 at Sing Sing). Eddie Lee Mays, electrocuted at Sing Sing on August 15, 1963, was the last person to be executed in New York state. Two years later New York state abolished capital punishment. The state would later reinstate the practice in 1995 using lethal injection, but the practice was abolished again in 2004, after the Court of Appeals ruled in People v. LaValle that it violated the state constitution. No inmates were executed during the nine years that capital punishment was reinstated in New York.

This is a document about Electric chair
  The electric chair was adopted by Ohio (1897), Massachusetts (1900), New Jersey (1906) and Virginia (1908), and soon became the prevalent method of execution in the United States, replacing hanging. Twenty six US States, the District of Columbia, the Federal government, and the US Military either had death by electrocution on the books or actively executed criminals using the method. The electric chair remained the most prominent execution method until the mid-1980s when lethal injection became widely accepted for conducting judicial executions. Other countries appear to have contemplated using the method, sometimes for special reasons. The Philippines also adopted the electric chair from 1926 to 1987. A well-publicized triple execution took place there in May 1972, when Jaime Jose, Basilio Pineda and Edgardo Aquino were electrocuted for

This is a document about Old Sparky
  Connecticut legislated lethal injection as its sole method of execution in 1995. The last person executed by electrocution was Joseph "Mad Dog" Taborsky in May 1960. Connecticut's "Old Sparky" has not been tested since it was moved from Wethersfield to the Northern Correctional Institution in Somers in 1962, and prison officials claim the prison's electrical system cannot handle it.

This is a document about Old Sparky
  Kentucky's electric chair, known as "Old Sparky", is located at the Kentucky State Penitentiary in Eddyville, Kentucky. It was first used on July 8, 1911; the first inmate to die in the chair was James Buckner, convicted of killing a police officer several weeks earlier. On July 13, 1928, Kentucky set a record by electrocuting eight men in its chair, each immediately after the other, more than any other state has electrocuted in a single day. The state has decommissioned the electric chair except for those whose capital crimes were committed prior to March 31, 1998, and choose death by electrocution rather than death by lethal injection or if lethal injection is declared unconstitutional by a court. Prior to this legislated date, 163 deaths had occurred in Kentucky's electric chair. The last such execution by electric chair occurred on July 1, 1997, when convicted murderer Harold McQueen, Jr. was executed in it.

This is a document about Capital punishment in New York (state)
  While laws regarding the imposition of capital punishment in the state of New York are still on the books, it is no longer enforced as it has been declared unconstitutional in the state and this ruling has not been overturned. The last execution took place in 1963, when Eddie Lee Mays was electrocuted at Sing Sing Prison. The state was the first to adopt the electric chair as a method of execution, which replaced hanging. Following the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling declaring existing capital punishment statutes unconstitutional in Furman v. Georgia (1972) and its subsequent ruling on specific conditions states had to meet for revised statutes in Gregg v. Georgia (1976), New York was without a death penalty until

This is a document about Old Sparky
  The electric chair was the sole means of execution in Florida from 1924 until 2000, when the Florida State Legislature, under pressure from the U.S. Supreme Court, signed lethal injection into law. Although no one has been executed in this manner since 1999, prisoners awaiting execution on Florida's death row may still be electrocuted at their request. It is currently located in Florida State Prison on the outskirts of Starke. It was known for frequent malfunctions in the 1990s, namely in the cases of Jesse Tafero (executed May 4, 1990), Pedro Medina (executed March 25, 1997) and Allen Lee Davis (executed July 8, 1999). Reportedly, six-inch flames shot out of Tafero's head and 12-inch flames shot out of Medina's head, raising the question whether use of the electric chair was "cruel and unusual punishment". After the Medina execution, Florida

This is a document about Electric chair
  The use of the electric chair has declined since the 1979 advent of lethal injection, which is now the default method in all U.S. jurisdictions that authorize capital punishment. As of 2021, the only places in the world that still reserve the electric chair as an option for execution are the U.S. states of Alabama, Florida, South Carolina, Kentucky, and Tennessee. Arkansas and Oklahoma laws provide for its use should lethal injection ever be held to be unconstitutional. Inmates in the other states must select either it or lethal injection. In Kentucky, only inmates sentenced before a certain date can choose to be executed by electric chair. Electrocution is also authorized in Kentucky in case lethal injection is found unconstitutional by a court. Tennessee was among the states that provided inmates with a choice of the electric chair or lethal injection; in May 2014,

This is a document about Eddie Lee Mays
  state's electric chair at Sing Sing prison. The state electrician was Dow Hover. The electric chair had been the sole method of execution in the state since 1890 (hanging had been abolished in 1888). In 1965, the state of New York repealed the death penalty, except for cases involving the murder of a police officer. Although the legislature never fully repealed the death penalty statute, and the state even expanded it in 1995, there were no further executions because of rulings by Furman v. Georgia in 1972 at the Supreme Court and People v. LaValle in 2004 at the New York Court of Appeals.

This is a document about Old Sparky
  Ohio was the second state to adopt the electric chair as a means of execution, executing 315 people between 1897 and its last use was in 1963. The state stopped using the electric chair in 2001, and now exclusively utilizes lethal injection in executions. Ohio's Old Sparky is now a museum exhibit in the Ohio State Reformatory.

This is a document about June 1967
  death in the electric chair for killing eight student nurses in Chicago, with a scheduled execution date of September 1, 1967. The death penalty would be declared unconstitutional in 1972 before the sentence could be carried out, and Speck would spend the remainder of his life in prison. ; After the arrest of 11 leaders of the Alianza Federal de Mercedes in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, armed members of the Mexican-American rights organization arrived at the county seat, Tierra Amarilla, and attempted a citizen's arrest of the county district attorney. Two police officers were wounded, and two others were taken hostage by the fleeing

The last execution by electric chair in the United States was on July 22, 1964, when Andrew Lee Jones was executed in Louisiana. However, it's important to note that the use of the electric chair for executions was made illegal by lethal injection in 1999 in Illinois, and the last person to be executed by electric chair in Illinois was Andrew Lee Jones on July 22, 1999.


Question: who did puss in boots grow up with at the orphanage

Answer: Humpty Alexander Dumpty

This is a document about Puss in Boots (Shrek)
  The film Puss in Boots is a spin-off from, and prequel to, the Shrek films. It begins by presenting Puss's aliases, including "Diablo Gato", "The Furry Lover", "Chupacabra", "Frisky Two Times", and "The Ginger Hit Man". After he was abandoned when he was little, Puss finds shelter at an orphanage in the town of San Ricardo and is adopted by Imelda. He becomes friends with Humpty Alexander Dumpty, who gives him the name "Puss" and with whom he decides to find the magic beans that would bring them to the Golden Goose (which lays golden eggs). Puss performs a heroic act, for which he receives acclaim and his boots. His bond with Humpty begins to fray, and Humpty compels Puss to (unknowingly) rob a bank with him. Puss leaves San Ricardo; years later, he learns who owns the

This is a document about List of Shrek characters
  He grew up alongside Puss in Boots and Humpty Dumpty in the San Ricardo Orphanage and bullied the latter. His skin is blue. He looks very similar to Butter Pants from Shrek Forever After.

This is a document about Puss in Boots (2011 film)
  Puss in Boots is a Spanish-speaking, anthropomorphic cat named for his signature pair of boots. A fugitive on the run from the law, Puss is seeking to restore his lost honor. He learns that the murderous outlaw couple Jack and Jill have the magic beans he has long sought, which can lead him to a giant's castle known by legend to contain valuable golden goose eggs. When Puss attempts to steal the beans at their hideout, a female cat named Kitty Softpaws interrupts. She was hired to steal them as well by Humpty Alexander Dumpty, a talking egg and long-estranged childhood friend of Puss from the orphanage where they both were raised.

This is a document about Puss in Boots (1999 film)
  Puss in Boots serves as the narrator in the beginning of the film. He says that he used to belong to a poor miller and his three sons, the youngest being Gunther. Despite being the favorite, Gunther only inherits Puss after his father's passing while his older brothers, Zeek and Zak, inherit the mill and their father's donkey respectively. Zeek and Zak, jealous of Gunther, kick him and Puss out. Puss and Gunther walk through town when a carriage carrying the princess speeds past the, followed by a shape-shifting ogre who wants to marry the princess. The princess' carriage breaks loose during the chase and falls down a cliff where Puss and Gunther take the princess and her cat to the mill, where they are able to

This is a document about The Adventures of Puss in Boots
 Puss in Boots (voiced by Eric Bauza) – The titular character, a slightly egotistical adventurer who accidentally breaks the barrier around San Lorenzo and decides to stay until the barrier is restored. ; Dulcinea (voiced by Jayma Mays) – A female cat who is Puss's love interest. Mays describes her as sweet and naive, very innocent and sheltered. ; Artephius/The Great Mage Sino (voiced by Paul Rugg) – An elderly alchemist who acts as a mad scientist and later reveal to be Sino's personality in season 6. ; Señora Zapata (voiced by Carla Jimenez) – The Old Woman Who Lived in

This is a document about Claude Gouffier
  Claude Gouffier was a French nobleman and book collector. He was the model for the "Marquis de Carabas" from the story Puss in Boots by Charles Perrault.

This is a document about Château d'Oiron
  Today, Oiron is only a short drive from the royal châteaux in the Val de Loire, but in the 15th century it was considered far removed from the seat of power at the royal domains. Nonetheless, Guillaume Gouffier built a magnificent château and his offspring updated and improved it. In 1538, his daughter-in-law, Helene de Hengest, was responsible for the construction of a collegiate church adjacent to the château. In 1551, Henry II and his entire court were guests of Claude Gouffier who had been granted the title Marquis de Caravaz. Claude Gouffier served as the model for Charles Perrault's "Marquis de Carabas" in his story, Puss in Boots. Two generations later, another Gouffier was exiled from the king's court

This is a document about List of Dickensian characters
  Tappertit, Simon Locksmith Gabriel Varden's apprentice who is in love with Gabriel's daughter, Dolly. He becomes a leader of the rioters during the Gordon Riots and during the fighting loses his slender legs, long his pride and joy. After the uprising he is fitted with wooden legs and becomes a bootblack in Barnaby Rudge. ; Tartar Retired navy man and friend of Crisparkle. He befriends Neville in London and works with Grewgious and Crisparkle in protecting Neville from John Jasper in The Mystery of Edwin Drood. ; Tattycoram / Harriet Beadle Adopted by the Meagles from the Foundling Hospital, Harriet is given the name

This is a document about List of A Series of Unfortunate Events characters
  Duncan and Isadora Quagmire are students at Prufrock Preparatory School in The Austere Academy. They become friends with the Baudelaires as their situations are similar: both families lost their parents in a fire and will inherit a large fortune upon Violet and Quigley coming of age. The Quagmires attempt to help the Baudelaires work out Count Olaf's plan, but end up being kidnapped by him at the end of The Austere Academy. They return in The Ersatz Elevator and The Vile Village and the Baudelaires try to help them escape Olaf's clutches. In the end of The Vile Village, they end up escaping in a hot-air balloon house with Hector, the handyman from the Village of Fowl Devotees. In The End, Kit Snicket tells the

This is a document about List of Fables characters
 Chicken Little: A Farm resident prone to panic attacks. ; Puss in Boots, or The Marquis De Carabas, an orange cat who plays the fiddle. He became a spy for Cindy in exchange that Cindy would someday help him reclaim his lost estates. ; Dickory, the Mouse who Ran up the Clock. He appeared briefly in the Animal Farm storyarc, before appearing in Cinderella: From Fabletown with Love and the Fairest story arc Of Men and Mice. He is one of Cindy's animal spies, and can make time around him move slower that he seems so fast that can move between

This is a document about Daddy Long Legs (musical)
 Jerusha Abbott - The "Oldest Orphan in the John Grier Home". She is selected by Jervis Pendleton, under the alias "John Smith", to be educated in a local women's college under the instruction that she must send him a letter once a month, which he will never answer. She gives Pendleton the nickname "Daddy Long Legs" due to his tall shadow. ; Jervis Pendleton - A shy and socially awkward philanthropist. Under the guise of Mr. John Smith (nicknamed "Daddy Long Legs" by Jerusha), he provides for her college education due to her promising writing skills.

This is a document about Puss in Boots
  based on the tale in 1922. It was also adapted into a manga by the famous Japanese writer and director Hayao Miyazaki, followed by an anime feature film, distributed by Toei in 1969. The title character, Pero, named after Perrault, has since then become the mascot of Toei Animation, with his face appearing in the studio's logo. In the mid-1980s, Puss in Boots was televised as an episode of Faerie Tale Theatre with Ben Vereen and Gregory Hines in the cast. Another version from the Cannon Movie Tales series features Christopher Walken as Puss, who in this adaptation is a cat who turns into a human when wearing the boots. The TV show Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child features the story in a Hawaiian setting. The episode stars the

This is a document about The Wolves of Willoughby Chase
  had been an unwitting dupe in the conspiracy to steal Sir Willoughby's estate. Mrs. Moleskin: She is the cook at Mrs Brisket's orphanage. She is a tartar and hits the orphans with whatever comes to hand. Her kitchen is filthy, and her gravy (which Bonnie throws in her face) is rancid. Pattern: She is Bonnie's kind-hearted maid. She stays in the house after all the other staff are dismissed, just to make sure the girls stay safe, and she assists Simon and James in the two girls' escape from the orphanage. James: He is the good-natured footman at Willoughby Chase.

This is a document about You Rang, M'Lord?
  this incident, Blanche then shifts her affections to Constable Wilson. ; Henry Livingstone (Perry Benson) Bootboy – Henry was abandoned as a child in a basket on the steps of the Livingston Road Orphanage, in which institution he remained until the age of 14, when he was taken into the Meldrum house as bootboy. Although the second-lowest ranking servant in the house, Henry is often the most insightful character, something which usually gets him into trouble; for not conforming to the expected etiquette and making inappropriate comments, he is usually soundly clipped about the ear. He is a good friend of Ivy, and it is often suggested

This is a document about Adaptations of Puss in Boots
  in Boots with a strong influence of Errol Flynn's typical swashbuckler character. ; The webcomic No Rest for the Wicked features several characters adapted from this story, Perrault (Puss), The Marquis de Carabas, and his wife. ; HBO's Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child gave the story a Polynesian flavor. ; Angela Carter offers an alternative, updated version of the tale in her collection of short stories The Bloody Chamber ; A Meowth from the Pokémon anime series dresses up like Puss In Boots. ; In Gainax's 2000 anime FLCL, the third episode is named Maru Raba (Marquis de Carabas) and deals

This is a document about Puss in Boots (2011 film)
 Antonio Banderas as Puss in Boots, a fugitive from the law and a hero of San Ricardo. ; Zach Galifianakis as Humpty Alexander Dumpty, the mastermind who intends to retrieve the Golden Eggs from the one-of-a-kind Goose. ; Salma Hayek as Kitty Softpaws, a street-savvy Tuxedo cat who is Puss' female counterpart and love interest. ; Billy Bob Thornton and Amy Sedaris as Jack and Jill respectively, a murderous outlaw married couple. ; Constance Marie as Imelda, Puss' human adoptive mother ; Mike Mitchell as Andy "Jack" Beanstalk ; Guillermo del Toro as Commandante, the military leader of San Ricardo dispatched to capture Puss ; Chris Miller as Little Boy Blue, Friar Miller, Prison Guard, Manuel and Rafael

This is a document about The Wolves of Willoughby Chase
  and helps them escape from the orphanage. He wears furs and has a warm voice. He is also a natural artist and uses his skills to earn money on their trip to London. Lucy: She is the first inmate who Sylvia and Bonnie meet at Mrs Brisket's orphanage, and together with Emma she becomes one of their closest friends. Emma: She is ordered to mentor Sylvia's work in the laundry at Mrs Brisket's orphanage and becomes one of Sylvia and Bonnie's closest friends. Alice: She is one of the worst-natured inmates of Mrs Brisket's orphanage, notorious for her tale-telling against

This is a document about The Ersatz Elevator
  as he hates arguing with her, and follows her instructions. While Jerome, a good friend of the Baudelaires' mother, truly cares for the children, it becomes apparent that Esmé's reason for adopting them is because orphans are "in." Esmé sends the children and Jerome to Café Salmonella for dinner, because she will be busy privately discussing arrangements for an auction with trendy auctioneer Gunther. After Esmé gives the children over-sized pinstripe suits to wear, the Baudelaires recognize Gunther as Count Olaf, despite his attempt to disguise his unibrow with a monocle and horse riding boots to cover up the tattoo of an eye on his ankle. Despite

This is a document about Puss in Boots (video game)
  In the years before meeting Shrek and Donkey in Shrek 2, Puss in Boots must clear his name from all charges against him that has made him a wanted fugitive. While Puss is trying to steal magic beans from the infamous criminals Jack and Jill, the hero crosses paths with his female counterpart, Kitty Softpaws, who leads him to his old friend turned enemy, Humpty Dumpty. Memories of friendship and betrayal enlarges Puss' doubt, but he eventually agrees to help the egg get the magic beans. Together, the three of them plan to steal the magic beans, travel to the Giant's castle, steal the golden goose, and clear Puss' name.

This is a document about List of The Promised Neverland characters
  ; Bess was a girl who was born and raised at Glory Bell Orphanage. Thirteen years ago, she escaped from the orphanage, along with Yuugo, Lucas, and fifteen other kids. After escaping from Glory Bell Orphanage, Bess and her friends took refuge at Shelter B06-32 before deciding to travel to the human reserve in hopes of finding William Minerva. On the way there, Bess and her friends were captured by the Poachers who brought them to Goldy Pond. Once there, Leuvis mercilessly slaughtered her and all of her friends with the exception of Yuugo and Lucas whom barely managed to escape alive.

Puss in Boots grew up with Humpty Alexander Dumpty and San Ricardo at the orphanage.


Question: what document led to the formation of a bicameral legislature

Answer: The Virginia Plan

This is a document about National Assembly (French Fourth Republic)
  The Constitution of 1946, adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 29 September 1946 and approved by referendum on 13 October 1946, led to the creation of a new bicameral parliament. The lower house, named Chamber of Deputies under the Third Republic, became the National Assembly.

This is a document about History of the United States Congress
   The history of the United States Congress refers to the chronological record of the United States Congress including legislative sessions from 1789 to the present day. It also includes a brief history of the Continental Congress from 1774 through 1781 and the Congress of the Confederation from 1781 to 1789. The United States Congress first organized in 1789, is an elected bicameral democratic legislative body established by Article I of the United States Constitution, ratified in 1788. It consists of an upper chamber, the senate with 2 members per state, and a lower chamber, the House of Representatives, with a variable number of members per state based on population. The bicameral structure of the Congress was modeled on the bicameral legislatures of the Thirteen Colonies, which in turn were modeled on the bicameral structure of the English Parliament. The politics

This is a document about President of Kenya
  The legislative branch is bicameral and will constitute of the following

This is a document about Constitution
  written constitution adopted by a modern state; it was called the Instrument of Government. This formed the basis of government for the short-lived republic from 1653 to 1657 by providing a legal rationale for the increasing power of Cromwell after Parliament consistently failed to govern effectively. Most of the concepts and ideas embedded into modern constitutional theory, especially bicameralism, separation of powers, the written constitution, and judicial review, can be traced back to the experiments of that period. Drafted by Major-General John Lambert in 1653, the Instrument of Government included elements incorporated from an earlier document "Heads of Proposals", which

This is a document about Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
  Bicameral legislature, including the Chamber of Deputies, was established on October 4, 1824. Unicameral Congress was in place from September 7, 1857 to November 13, 1874. After being drafted, one copy of the Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire was given to the Provisional Governmental Board, which was later put on display in the Chamber of Deputies until 1909, when fire destroyed the location.

This is a document about History of the Costa Rican legislature
  made). This law establishes a "Supreme State Power", headed by an unmovable Head, assisted by a Consultative Council and a Judicial Council. The Consultative Council is presided over naturally by the Head and knows only of the matters that it convokes. The Political Constitution of 1844 is issued on April 9, 1844 and ends with the coup d'état of June 7, 1846. This constitution establishes a bicameral system with reciprocal initiative and sanction, a chamber composed of elected representatives directly and a Senate of not less than 5 members, also elected by suffrage. The Political Constitution of 1847 governs from January

This is a document about North Carolina General Assembly
  There were five North Carolina Provincial Congresses. The fifth Congress approved the first constitution in 1776. With the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence, the United States became an independent nation with very different legislatures in each colony. Because of the history of distrust of the executive, the North Carolina constitution firmly established the General Assembly, as it was now called, as the most powerful branch of the state government. The bicameral legislature, whose members would all be elected by the people, would itself elect all the officers of the executive and judicial branches. As William S. Powell wrote

This is a document about Connecticut General Assembly
  magistrates and deputies sat together, they voted separately and in 1645 it was decreed that a measure had to have the approval of both groups in order to pass. The Charter of 1662 changed the name to the General Assembly, while replacing the six magistrates with twelve assistants and reducing the number of deputies per town to no more than two. In 1698, the General Assembly divided itself into its current bicameral form, with the twelve assistants as the Council and the deputies as the House of Representatives. The modern form of the General Assembly (divided into the upper Senate and lower House and devoid of all executive and judicial authority) was incorporated in the 1818 constitution.

This is a document about Constitution of South Carolina
  In September 1775, royal governor William Campbell fled the colony. The revolutionary Provincial Council quickly drafted a new constitution, which was adopted in March 1776. The preamble of the new constitution listed out several acts by the British considered tyrannical by the colonists in a manner similar to the later Declaration of Independence. The document, designed to be temporary, created a bicameral legislature, with the lower house (General Assembly) electing the upper house (Legislative Council) from out of its own number. The two chambers jointly elected the president and vice president, and each chamber selected three members of the privy council. The legislature also jointly elected judges, sheriffs, and military officers. Despite this republican system, the document retained the preexisting imbalance for legislative apportionment between the Lowcountry and the Upstate.

This is a document about Persian Constitution of 1906
  The fundamental laws of December 30, 1906 defined the role of the Majlis in the system and its framework. It further defined a bicameral legislature. Article 1 established the National Consultative Assembly based "on justice." Article 43 stated, "There shall be constituted another Assembly, entitled the Senate."

This is a document about History of the Costa Rican legislature
  1847 and is replaced in part in 1848. The Legislative branch resides in a Congress composed of 10 deputies and the Vice President of State, who presides over it. This system remains unchanged in the Political Constitution of 1848, which governs from November 30, 1848 to August 14, 1859, but is called "Chamber of Representatives." Back to the bicameral system, in the Political Constitution of 1859 (governed from December 26, 1859 to November 2, 1868) and the Constitution of 1869 (from February 18, 1869 to April 27, 1870), establishes a Chamber of Senators composed of two senators for each province and

This is a document about James Madison
   Before a quorum was reached at the Philadelphia Convention on May 25, 1787, Madison worked with other members of the Virginia delegation, especially Edmund Randolph and George Mason, to create and present the Virginia Plan. This Plan was an outline for a new federal constitution; it called for three branches of government (legislative, executive, and judicial), a bicameral Congress (consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives) apportioned by population, and a federal Council of Revision that would have the right to veto laws passed by Congress. Reflecting the centralization of power envisioned by Madison, the Virginia Plan granted

This is a document about Limited government
  Limited government is closely associated with constitutions; the United States Constitution of 1789 and the French Constitution of 1793 were both enacted in an effort to reaffirm limited government, although in different ways. The U.S. Constitution achieved limited government through a separation of powers: "horizontal" separation of powers distributed power among branches of government (the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary, each of which provide a check on the powers of the other); "vertical" separation of powers (federalism) divided power between the federal government and the state government). James Madison, one of the authors of the Federalist Papers, noted that the Framers of the American Constitution sought to

This is a document about President of the Chamber of Deputies of Chile
  Supreme Director Bernardo O'Higgins reinstated congress in 1818 as a unicameral legislative body composed by the Senate of Chile. A bicameral system was stablished in 1822 following the creation of a new constitution, the new legislative body was composed of a Senate and a Chamber of Deputies. The bicameral system could not implemented due to the political turmoil in the country following the resignation and self-exile of O'Higgins on January 28, 1823. A new constitution was drafted in 1823 during the government of Supreme Director Ramón Freire which stablished a unicameral legislative body formed by the Senate of Chile.

This is a document about 1883 Massachusetts legislature
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This is a document about 1886 Massachusetts legislature
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This is a document about 1875 Massachusetts legislature
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This is a document about 1878 Massachusetts legislature
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This is a document about 1866 Massachusetts legislature
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This is a document about 1862 Massachusetts legislature
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 The Constitution of the Fourth Republic in France, adopted in 1946, led to the formation of a bicameral legislature, with the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate.

In the United States, the bicameral legislature was established by the United States Constitution in 1789.

In the context of the Instrument of Government from the Cromwellian period in England, it was a document that provided the legal basis for a bicameral legislature, with the House of Commons and the House of Lords, from 1653 to


Question: who was the last nhl expansion team before las vegas

Answer: Minnesota Wild

This is a document about National Hockey League
  the Ottawa Senators, the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, the Florida Panthers, the Nashville Predators, the Atlanta Thrashers (now the Winnipeg Jets), and in 2000, the Minnesota Wild and the Columbus Blue Jackets. On July 21, 2015, the NHL confirmed that it had received applications from prospective ownership groups in Quebec City and Las Vegas for possible expansion teams, and on June 22, 2016, NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman announced the addition of a 31st franchise, based in Las Vegas and later named the Vegas Golden Knights, into the NHL for the 2017–18 season. On December 4, 2018, the league announced a 32nd franchise in Seattle, later named the Seattle Kraken, to begin play in the 2021–22 season.

This is a document about 2017 NHL Expansion Draft
  the Quebec Nordiques, a team that had moved in 1995 and became the Colorado Avalanche; it has hosted occasional preseason games since that time, and has constructed a new ice hockey arena to receive a potential NHL team. Due to political delays, a bid was not submitted from Seattle despite the presence of three different ownership groups publicly campaigning to start an NHL team; a number of other potential expansion sites, such as Kansas City and Saskatchewan, declined to place bids because of cost concerns. Las Vegas was approved for the 2017–18 NHL season on June 22, 2016; at the same time the Quebec City bid was deferred, largely because of concerns over the Canadian dollar's value and the geographic balance of the league's conferences.

This is a document about List of defunct and relocated National Hockey League teams
  Wanderers and Maroons, the Athletics and Nordiques, and the Flames and Thrashers, respectively. Philadelphia (Philadelphia Flyers), Pittsburgh (Pittsburgh Penguins), and St. Louis (St. Louis Blues) gained teams during the 1967 expansion. After losing the Americans, two more teams have been added into the New York metropolitan area: the New York Islanders in 1972 and the New Jersey Devils in 1982. Other former host-metropolitan areas of NHL teams that have been given another team include: San Francisco Bay Area (San Jose Sharks in 1991), Ottawa (current Ottawa Senators in 1992), Denver (Colorado Avalanche in 1995), Minneapolis – St. Paul (Minnesota Wild in 2000) and Winnipeg (current Jets in 2011).

This is a document about Vegas Golden Knights
  2015, and subsequently advanced to Phase III. At the league owners' meeting on June 22, 2016, in Las Vegas, the Las Vegas expansion bid was approved by a unanimous vote, with play to begin in the 2017–18 NHL season. The team became the first major professional sports franchise to be based in Las Vegas, and the first NHL expansion team since 2000. Foley committed to pay the league's $500 million expansion fee and began the process of hiring the team's principal staff and determining its official identity. Foley announced that former Washington Capitals general manager George McPhee would be the franchise's first general manager. On November 22, 2016, the name was revealed as the Vegas Golden Knights.

This is a document about Gary Bettman
  divisions of seven teams each for the West and two divisions containing the sixteen remaining Eastern Time Zone teams for the East. An expansion occurred in the summer of 2017, with Las Vegas, Nevada, gaining the league's 31st team, the Vegas Golden Knights. Bettman later explained that the NHL's new divisional alignment precluded the adding of more franchises in the Eastern Time Zone, at least for the time being. The most recent expansion occurred on December 4, 2018, with the announcement that Seattle would be the league's 32nd team. The Seattle Kraken started in the 2021–22 NHL season. Bettman chose Seattle as it is one of the fastest growing cities.

This is a document about 2017 NHL Expansion Draft
  In the off-season before the 2015–16 NHL season, the league opened a window for ownership groups to bid for expansion teams for the first time since 2000. Two ownership groups submitted bids to the league, one each from Las Vegas and Quebec City. If chosen, the Vegas bid would be the first "Big Four" major professional sports league to place a franchise in Las Vegas (not counting the city's short-lived and ill-fated football teams in the Canadian Football League and XFL, who played in 1994 and 2001 respectively), but the NHL has had a limited presence in the city with annual pre-season games, beginning with an outdoor game in 1991 and the Frozen Fury series held each year since 1997. Quebec City was previously home

This is a document about 2016–17 NHL season
  On June 22, 2016, NHL Commissioner Gary Bettman officially announced that the league had approved an expansion team in Las Vegas, Nevada, later christened the Vegas Golden Knights, who were set to begin play in the 2017–18 season.

This is a document about 2018 Stanley Cup Finals
  professional sports history. Las Vegas was awarded as the NHL's 31st franchise on June 22, 2016, to begin to play for the 2017–18 season. On April 13, 2017, the team announced the hiring of their inaugural head coach, Gerard Gallant. The team then participated in the 2017 NHL Expansion Draft on June 21, selecting an available player from all of the other 30 NHL teams. Some notable selections included goalie Marc-Andre Fleury, who had won three Stanley Cups as a member of the Pittsburgh Penguins, winger James Neal from the Nashville Predators, and Jonathan Marchessault from the Florida Panthers. Fleury was left

This is a document about Pacific Division (NHL)
 The Vegas Golden Knights are added as an expansion team

This is a document about Caesars Palace
  Champions XXXII and an episode of WCW Monday Nitro, each in January 1996. On September 27, 1991, a National Hockey League preseason game between the Los Angeles Kings and New York Rangers was held on an outdoor rink built in the Caesars Palace parking lot. Behind a goal from Wayne Gretzky, the Kings came back from a 2–0 deficit to win 5–2. The game served as a prelude to "Frozen Fury", an annual series of preseason games in Las Vegas played primarily against the Colorado Avalanche at the MGM Grand Garden Arena, and eventually the establishment of an expansion team in Las Vegas, the Vegas Golden Knights, for the 2017–18 NHL season.

This is a document about Vegas Golden Knights
  The NHL has had a presence in Las Vegas since 1991; that year, the city hosted the first outdoor game between two NHL teams – a preseason exhibition between the Los Angeles Kings and New York Rangers outside Caesars Palace. The Kings would subsequently organize "Frozen Fury" – a series of annual preseason games in Las Vegas against the Colorado Avalanche. The NHL Awards ceremonies have been held in Las Vegas since 2009. In 2009, the media speculated about a plan involving Hollywood producer Jerry Bruckheimer to move the Phoenix Coyotes to Nevada. Rumors of a Las Vegas expansion team surfaced again in August 2014, pointing to a new indoor arena on the Strip (built as a joint

This is a document about Quebec Nordiques
  NHL's lucrative Canadian television contracts. While the NHL would return to Winnipeg in 2011 when the Atlanta Thrashers would relocate to become the current Winnipeg Jets, Quebec City remains without an NHL team after losing out to Las Vegas on an expansion team in 2016. The last active NHL player who played for the Nordiques was Adam Foote who, on April 8, 2011, announced his retirement after the 2010–11 season. Foote played 16 years with the Nordiques/Avalanche franchise over two stints (1992–2004 and 2008–2011). The last active player in any league was Martin Rucinsky, who announced his retirement after the 2014–15 season while playing in the Czech Extraliga.

This is a document about Potential National Hockey League expansion
  The National Hockey League (NHL) has undergone several rounds of expansion and other organizational changes during its history to reach its current thirty-two teams: twenty-five in the United States, and seven in Canada. Most recently, the league had a two-team expansion, which added the Vegas Golden Knights in 2017 and the Seattle Kraken in 2021. The league has also relocated several franchises, most recently in 2011 when the former Atlanta Thrashers became the second and current incarnation of the Winnipeg Jets. To gauge interest and help determine whether the NHL should entertain further expansion, the NHL Board of Governors accepted applications for new franchises during the 2015 offseason. Two potential ownership groups submitted applications for prospective teams in Las Vegas and Quebec City. The geographic distribution of teams between the NHL's two conferences was not a primary consideration for expansion, and the earliest time when a

This is a document about 2017–18 NHL season
  On June 22, 2016, the NHL confirmed that it had granted an expansion franchise in the city of Las Vegas to an ownership group led by Bill Foley, whose identity was revealed as the Vegas Golden Knights on November 22. The team plays in the Pacific Division of the Western Conference. In June 2017, the 2017 NHL Expansion Draft was held to fill out the Golden Knights roster.

This is a document about AFL–NFL merger
  with four of the six remaining teams—the Edmonton Oilers, Hartford Whalers, Quebec Nordiques and the Winnipeg Jets—joining the NHL. However, only one of these former WHA teams, the Oilers, is still in its original market. The Nordiques became the Colorado Avalanche in 1995, the Jets became the Phoenix Coyotes in 1996, and Whalers became the Carolina Hurricanes in 1997. The NHL eventually returned to Winnipeg in 2011 when the Atlanta Thrashers became the current incarnation of the Winnipeg Jets. Entrepreneurs interested in other sports in North America would follow the AFL's example in competing with the established "major" leagues.

This is a document about Sports betting
  The National Hockey League (NHL) has not stated a public position for or against sports betting, with Commissioner Gary Bettman noting that they are smaller than the NBA and NFL and less vulnerable to negative issues as a result. The NHL was the first major professional league to place a team in Nevada, when the expansion Vegas Golden Knights took the ice in 2017: since then the league has signed sponsorship agreements with William Hill and MGM Resorts International that include betting partnerships and access to in-play data. Other clubs in states with legal sports gambling, such as the New Jersey Devils

This is a document about History of the National Hockey League (1992–present)
  added in 2017, and the Seattle Kraken in 2021. In additions to expansion teams, five franchises have relocated during this time: the Minnesota North Stars became the Dallas Stars (1993), the Quebec Nordiques became the Colorado Avalanche (1995), the Winnipeg Jets became the Phoenix Coyotes (1996), the Hartford Whalers became the Carolina Hurricanes (1997), and the Atlanta Thrashers became the second franchise known as the Winnipeg Jets (2011). In 1993, the Montreal Canadiens celebrated the Stanley Cup's 100th anniversary with their 24th championship. They remain the last Canadian team to capture the trophy. The 1994 New York Rangers broke the Curse of 1940, winning their first title in 54 years. The renaissance of the Original Six

This is a document about Las Vegas NLL team
  On June 21, 2021, the NLL awarded an expansion franchise to the city of Las Vegas and co-owners Joseph Tsai, Wayne Gretzky, Steve Nash and Dustin Johnson. The team will begin play in the 2022–2023 season beginning in fall 2022 with its home arena being Michelob Ultra Arena.

This is a document about 2017–18 AHL season
  The National Hockey League added the Vegas Golden Knights for the 2017–18 season. The Las Vegas management confirmed that the organization would also have an AHL affiliate in their first season, although it was not stated whether the AHL team would be an expansion or relocation. The organization looked into adding an affiliate on the West Coast with the leading candidates being Salt Lake City, Reno, or Fresno. However, as the season went on, they looked into co-affiliations with a pre-existing AHL team since the new NHL team would likely not have a large amount of drafted talent to fully stock an AHL roster. In February 2017, AHL commissioner David Andrews later stated that

This is a document about 1990s
  Jets moved to Phoenix, Arizona and became the Phoenix Coyotes, the Quebec Nordiques moved to Denver and became the Colorado Avalanche, the Hartford Whalers moved to Raleigh, North Carolina and became the Carolina Hurricanes, and the Minnesota North Stars moved to Dallas and became the Dallas Stars. ; The NHL's 1990s expansion saw new teams in cities that previously never had NHL hockey: San Jose (San Jose Sharks), Anaheim (Mighty Ducks of Anaheim), Nashville (Nashville Predators), Miami (Florida Panthers), and Tampa (Tampa Bay Lightning). The NHL also returned to Atlanta with the expansion Atlanta Thrashers. ; Two of the NHL's

The last NHL expansion team before Las Vegas was the Minnesota Wild, which began play in the 2000–01 season.


Question: where are zebra mussels found in the united states

Answer: Hudson River

This is a document about National Invasive Species Act
  In 1988 zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) were found in Lake Erie, and soon after they spread to all the Great Lakes. Since then, zebra mussels can still be found in each of the Great Lakes, as well as throughout the major navigable rivers in the eastern part of the United States (including the Hudson, St. Lawrence, and Niagara Rivers). Recent reports have revealed that this species has dispersed as far as California. A native of southern Russia, the zebra mussel most likely made its way to North America through the release of ballast water from cargo ships traveling from the Black Sea to the Great Lakes. After its introduction there, it was

This is a document about Zebra mussel
  From their first appearance in American waters in 1988, zebra mussels have spread to a large number of waterways, including Lake Simcoe in the Great Lakes region, the Mississippi, Hudson, St. Lawrence, Ohio, Cumberland, Missouri, Tennessee, Huron, Colorado, and Arkansas Rivers, and 11 lakes and five river basins in Texas. In 2009, the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation confirmed that zebra mussels had been found in Laurel Lake in the Berkshires. That same year, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources announced that live zebra mussels had been found in Pelican Lake. This was the first confirmed sighting in the Red

This is a document about Wolf River (Fox River tributary)
  Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) are small, freshwater, bivalve shellfish native to the Caspian and Black Seas south of Russia and Ukraine. They can clog water intakes and pipes, encrust piers, boats and motors, and cut the feet of swimmers. Zebra mussels have been found in less than 5% of Wisconsin lakes predicted to be suitable for zebra mussels. However, they were detected in the Winnebago Pool including the Wolf River as early as 1999.

This is a document about Zebra mussel
  The native distribution of the species is in the Black Sea and Caspian Sea in Eurasia. Zebra mussels have become an invasive species in North America, Great Britain, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and Sweden. They disrupt the ecosystems by monotypic colonization, and damage harbors and waterways, ships and boats, and water-treatment and power plants. Water-treatment plants are most affected because the water intakes bring the microscopic, free-swimming larvae directly into the facilities. Zebra mussels also cling to pipes under the water and clog them. Grossinger reported it in Hungary in 1794. Kerney and Morton described the rapid colonization of Britain by the zebra mussel, first in Cambridgeshire in the 1820s, London in 1824, and in the Union Canal near Edinburgh in 1834. In

This is a document about Lake Powell
  Zebra and quagga mussels first appeared in the United States in the 1980s. The mussels were initially brought to the United States through the ballast water of ships entering the Great Lakes. These aquatic invaders soon spread to many bodies of water in the Eastern United States and have even made their way to the western United States. In January 2008, Zebra mussels have been detected in several reservoirs along the Colorado River system such as Lakes Mead, Mojave, and Havasu. By the early 2000s Arizona, California, Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, Nevada and Utah have all confirmed the presence of larval zebra mussels in lakes and reservoirs. Zebra and quagga mussels can be destructive to an ecosystem due to competition for resources with native species. The filtration of zooplankton by the mussels can

This is a document about Zebra mussel
  Basin, which extends across the international border into the province of Manitoba. In 2013, their presence in Manitoba's Lake Winnipeg was confirmed, and aggressive efforts to eradicate them in 2014 have not succeeded. New contamination was found outside treated areas of Lake Winnipeg in 2015, and they have also been found in the Red River near the lake in Selkirk Park in 2015. Large numbers were seen at Grand Beach (Manitoba) in 2017. In July 2010, the North Dakota Game and Fish Department confirmed the presence of zebra mussel veliger in the Red River between Wahpeton, North Dakota, and Breckenridge, Minnesota.

This is a document about Platte Lake (Michigan)
  A foreign species of mussel, called the zebra mussel has over the past 20 years inhabited Platte Lake as well as many other lakes in the Great Lake area. These mussels help water clarity, but they are not native to the Northern Michigan area. They have been transported to North America by large vessels from Asia. They are a serious problem because they have nearly eliminated the native clam population in Platte Lake and many other bodies of water in the area.

This is a document about Marimo
  On 2 March 2021, the United States Geological Survey was notified that zebra mussels had been discovered in moss balls sold in pet stores across North America. By 8 March, invasive zebra mussels had been detected in moss balls in 21 states. These discoveries were prompted by the initial find at a Seattle Petco. Owners of fish tanks were urged to decontaminate the moss balls by boiling, freezing or bleaching them before disposing of them to prevent spread to local waterways. Petco and PetSmart voluntarily recalled moss balls in their stores. If the mussels reach open water in Washington, they could cost the state $100 million each year in maintenance for power and water systems.

This is a document about Mytilopsis leucophaeata
  This species is native in the Gulf of Mexico, and spread from there via ballast water, or attached to oysters that were moved, to the Hudson River in the 1930s, and from there to other estuaries in the eastern US including Chesapeake Bay as well as to the Pernambuco coast in northeastern Brazil. This species also spread via ballast water to brackish waters in Europe, including the Baltic Sea, the North Sea, the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea as well as the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. Like the zebra mussel, this species is a significant biofouling pest in many countries, especially where it has been introduced in Europe.

This is a document about Ballast water discharge and the environment
  The zebra mussel, which is native to the Caspian and Black Seas, arrived in Lake St. Clair in the ballast water of a transatlantic freighter in 1988. Within 10 years it had spread to all of the five neighbouring Great Lakes. The economic cost of this introduction has been estimated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service at about $5 billion. Ballast water discharges are believed to be the leading source of invasive species in U.S. marine waters, thus posing public health and environmental risks, as well as significant economic cost to industries such as water and power utilities, commercial and recreational fisheries, agriculture, and

This is a document about Quagga mussel
  Zebra mussels, the first dreissenid mussel introduced in North America, rapidly spread throughout many major river systems and the Great Lakes, causing substantial ecological and environmental impacts. The quagga mussel was first observed in North America in September 1989, when it was discovered in Lake Erie near Port Colborne, Ontario. It was not identified as a distinct species until 1991. By 2021 the biomass of quaggas in the lower 4 Great Lakes was estimated to be so great as to become the primary regulator of phosphorus, remetabolizing and recirculating it instead of allowing it to sedimentize as normal. The introduction of both

This is a document about Zebra mussel
  They were first detected in Canada in the Great Lakes in 1988, in Lake St. Clair. They are thought to have been inadvertently introduced into the lakes by the ballast water of ocean-going ships that were traversing the St. Lawrence Seaway. Another possible, but unproven, mode of introduction is on anchors and chains. Since adult zebra mussels can survive out of water for several days or weeks if the temperature is low and humidity is high, chain lockers provide temporary refuge for clusters of adult mussels that could easily be released when transoceanic ships drop anchor in freshwater ports. They have become an invasive species

This is a document about Zebra mussel
  The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) is a small freshwater mussel. The species was originally native to the lakes of southern Russia and Ukraine, but has been accidentally introduced to numerous other areas and has become an invasive species in many countries worldwide. Since the 1980s, the species has invaded the Great Lakes, Hudson River, and Lake Travis. The species was first described in 1769 by German zoologist Peter Simon Pallas in the Ural, Volga, and Dnieper Rivers. Zebra mussels get their name from a striped pattern commonly seen on their shells, though it is not universally present. They are usually about the size of a fingernail, but can grow to a maximum length around 2 in. Shells are D-shaped, and attached to the substrate with strong byssal fibers, which come out of their umbo on the dorsal (hinged) side.

This is a document about Aquatic invasive species in Canada
  Another example of the migration of non-native species is Dreissena polymorpha, common name Zebra Mussel, originating in Western Asia. They first appeared in North America in 1988 in Lake St Clair and have spread through the Great Lakes and other fresh waters. They can be identified as small triangular mussels with a flat bottom and dark, zigzagged stripes. The Zebra mussels are filter feeders and breed repidly. Large populations of mussels can grow in Canadian fresh waters, and their massive filtering capacity damages the environment for native species. The filtering changes the growth of algae, vegetation, and bacteria which hurts native fish growth and allows Zebra mussels to outcompete native mussels. Zebra mussels are illegal to import due to their ecological impact and damage they cause to boats and infrastructure.

This is a document about Canadarago Lake
  Zebra mussels were first introduced into the Great Lakes in the mid- to late-1980s from ballast discharged from freighters originating in the Black and Caspian Sea region of eastern Europe and western Asia. They first became established in Canadarago Lake since around 2000. They can outcompete and kill native unionid clams. They also disrupt the food web, destroy shoreline infrastructure and swimming areas. In Canadarago Lake, they are of particular concern due to the relatively large areas of suitable habitat, which increase their impact the lake.

This is a document about Zebra mussel
  lakes in the Midwest including Lake Michigan, and the largest freshwater lake in Wisconsin, Lake Winnebago. Congressional researchers have estimated that the zebra mussel has cost businesses and communities over $5 billion since their initial invasion. Zebra mussels have cost power companies alone over $3 billion. On 2 March 2021, the US Geological Survey was notified that zebra mussels had been discovered in marimo moss balls, a common aquarium plant, sold in pet stores across North America. By 8 March, the invasive species were detected in moss balls in 30 different states at multiple retail locations in the United States. These discoveries were prompted by

This is a document about Bivalvia
  sea walls in the splash zone. Some freshwater bivalves have very restricted ranges. For example, the Ouachita creekshell mussel, Villosa arkansasensis, is known only from the streams of the Ouachita Mountains in Arkansas and Oklahoma, and like several other freshwater mussel species from the southeastern US, it is in danger of extinction. In contrast, a few species of freshwater bivalves, including the golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei), are dramatically increasing their ranges. The golden mussel has spread from Southeast Asia to Argentina, where it has become an invasive species. Another well-travelled freshwater bivalve, the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) originated in southeastern Russia, and has been accidentally introduced to inland waterways in North America and Europe, where the species damages water installations and disrupts local ecosystems.

This is a document about Zebra mussel
  North America, and as such, they are the target of federal policy to control them, for instance in the National Invasive Species Act (1996). Using models based on the genetic algorithm for rule-set production (GARP), a group of researchers predicted that the Southeastern United States is moderately to highly likely to be inhabited by zebra mussels and the Midwest unlikely to experience a zebra mussel invasion of water bodies. This model, though, has since been proven incorrect. In 2006, a researcher (also using GARP) predicted invasion as far west as the North Platte River by 2015. As of March 2016, zebra mussels have affected hundreds

This is a document about Zebrafish
  The zebrafish is native to fresh water habitats in South Asia where it is found in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan. The northern limit is in the South Himalayas, ranging from the Sutlej river basin in the Pakistan–India border region to the state of Arunachal Pradesh in northeast Indian. Its range is concentrated in the Ganges and Brahmaputra River basins, and the species was first described from Kosi River (lower Ganges basin) of India. Its range further south is more local, with scattered records from the Western and Eastern Ghats regions. It has frequently been said to occur in Myanmar (Burma), but this is entirely based on pre-1930 records and likely refers to close relatives only described later, notably Danio kyathit. Likewise, old records from Sri Lanka are highly questionable and remain unconfirmed. Zebrafish have been introduced to California, Connecticut, Florida and New Mexico in the United States, presumably by deliberate release by aquarists or by escape from fish farms. The New Mexico population had been extirpated by 2003 and it is unclear if the others survive, as the last published records were decades ago. Elsewhere the species has been introduced to Colombia and Malaysia.

This is a document about Anodonta cataracta
  This mussel is present in freshwater habitats along the Atlantic coast of North America. It is found in soft-bottomed ponds, rivers and small lakes.

Zebra mussels have been found in all major navigable waterways in the United States, including the Great Lakes, Mississippi River, Hudson River, Chesapeake Bay, and the St. Lawrence River. They have also been reported in several states such as Missouri, Minnesota, Colorado, and California.


Question: who is the creator of star vs the forces of evil

Answer: Daron Nefcy

This is a document about Star vs. the Forces of Evil
  Star vs. the Forces of Evil is an American animated magical girl television series created by Daron Nefcy and developed by Jordana Arkin and Dave Wasson, which aired on Disney Channel and Disney XD. It is the first Disney XD series created by a woman, and the third overall for Disney Television Animation (following Pepper Ann from 1997 and Doc McStuffins from 2012). The series follows the adventures of Star Butterfly (voiced by Eden Sher), the young turbulent heir to the royal throne in the dimension of Mewni, who is sent to Earth to mellow her reckless behavior. There she befriends

This is a document about List of Star vs. the Forces of Evil episodes
  Star vs. the Forces of Evil is a television series created by Daron Nefcy and produced by Disney Television Animation. The series centers on fourteen-year-old Star Butterfly, a magical princess from the dimension of Mewni who is sent to Earth by her parents, King River and Queen Moon Butterfly, when they decide she should learn to wield magic away from their world. As an exchange student on Earth, she boards at the house of Marco Diaz whom she befriends as they both attend high school. Before the series was picked up, Nefcy had worked as an artist for Disney's Wander

This is a document about List of Star vs. the Forces of Evil characters
  The animated series Star vs. the Forces of Evil features a number of characters created by Daron Nefcy. It follows the adventures of Star Butterfly, heir to the royal throne of the dimension of Mewni, who is sent to Earth so she can complete her education and learn to be a worthy princess; and Marco Diaz, a human teenager. As they live their daily lives, go on adventures in other dimensions, and, in the first season, try to prevent the evil Ludo and his minions from stealing Star's magic wand.

This is a document about Giancarlo Volpe
  Giancarlo Volpe is an Italian-American animator, director, producer and comic creator. Volpe directed, wrote, and storyboarded for the Disney Channel animated series Star vs. the Forces of Evil from 2015 to 2017. On February 14, 2015, Volpe launched his webcomic God of Love via his giancarlovolpe.tumblr.com. The comic is 100% creator owned and features two elven lovers on the run when the goddess of love is replaced by an evil demon. Graduating from the School of Visual Arts in 1997, Volpe began his career at Humongous Entertainment, animating on the children's computer games Pajama Sam 2: Thunder and Lightning Aren't so Frightening and Putt-Putt Enters the Race.

This is a document about Star vs. the Forces of Evil
  Star vs. the Forces of Evil premiered in Canada on the DHX-owned Disney XD on April 6, 2015, and was later moved to the Corus-owned Disney XD on December 1. The series premiered on Disney XD channels in the United Kingdom and Ireland on April 16, 2015, in Australia on August 3, and in the Middle East and Africa on October 5. It also premiered on November 8 on Disney Channel in Southeast Asia. On June 15, the series premiered in South Korea. The series premiered on December 18, 2015 in Japan. The series premiered on March 6, 2016, as Star Butterfly in French on Disney La Chaîne in Canada. The show premiered on November 2 on Disney XD in Italy, and on Disney Channel on November 2, 2016.

This is a document about Star Comes to Earth
  "Star Comes to Earth" is the first episode of the animated television series Star vs. the Forces of Evil. The episode was directed and written by Mike Mullen, with the story by Dave Wasson, Jordana Arkin, and series creator Daron Nefcy. The episode premiered as a preview on Disney Channel on January 18, 2015, and later premiered with the launching of the series on Disney XD on March 30, 2015. In "Star Comes to Earth" a princess from another dimension, named Star Butterfly (voiced by Eden Sher), is turning fourteen years old, which, by tradition, means her family's magic wand will be passed down to her. However, after she fails to properly use it, her parents deem her to not be ready for the responsibility yet, and send her to Earth for training. The episode was well received by critics and fans, prompting the second season of the series to be ordered ahead of its premiere.

This is a document about Ego Plum
  scoring animated television with the Disney Channel original series Star vs. the Forces of Evil, composing the ending credits theme with Daron Nefcy. In late 2014, Plum announced that he had signed a contract to write songs and music for Harvey Beaks (then titled Bad Seeds), a new Nickelodeon series from C.H. Greenblatt, the creator of Cartoon Networks Chowder. Upon signing onto the show, Plum successfully negotiated the use of a 40-piece orchestra to record the series' music, making Harvey Beaks the first Nickelodeon show and one of the very few animated cable series to utilize a full orchestral score.

This is a document about History of LGBT characters in animation: 2010s
  appear to be hanging out each other in a few episodes such as "Gridlocked", "Fill Bill", "Barry Cuda", and "Trailer Trouble". Alexander is voiced by John Early, an openly gay actor. In April 2019, it was shown that Jackie Lynn Thomas, a character in Star vs. the Forces of Evil. This was because she dated a male character but ended that relationship due to his feelings for the protagonist. Then, in the April 2019 episode "Britta's Tacos", it is revealed that Jackie has a relationship with a French girl named Chloé. As such, it is clear that Jackie is bisexual.

This is a document about Star vs. the Forces of Evil
  becomes roommates with human Marco Diaz (Adam McArthur) and begins a semi-normal life in Echo Creek, attending school and meeting new friends. Throughout the first season, the two travel to exotic dimensions using dimensional scissors while preventing the Mewman monster Ludo (Alan Tudyk) from stealing Star's magic wand. As the series progresses, Star and Marco meet new friends, take on new enemies, and travel to even more weird and wild dimensions. Star vs. the Forces of Evil typically follows a format of two 11 minute-long independent "segments" per episode for the first three seasons. The fourth season has a few more

This is a document about Star vs. the Forces of Evil
  The premiere of Star vs. the Forces of Evil became the most-watched animated series debut in Disney XD’s history with an average of 1.2 million viewers. Following the end of the second season, Disney XD announced that in 2016, Star and another animated show Milo Murphy's Law had reached over 100 million consumer views combined across its media platforms.

This is a document about Yūko Nagashima
 Star vs. the Forces of Evil – Mina Loveberry

This is a document about Star Wars Resistance
  On February 22, 2018, /Film reported that Lucasfilm had trademarked the name Star Wars Resistance for a wide range of merchandise and a potential animated series. On April 26, the series was officially announced and scheduled for a Fall 2018 debut. The show was created by Dave Filoni, who previously directed the 2008 film Star Wars: The Clone Wars, developed the subsequent television series, created, developed and executive produced Star Wars Rebels, and in 2017 became the head of Lucasfilm Animation. Filoni said the show was influenced by anime and by his grandfather's experiences in World War II. By August 1, 2018, Polygon Pictures was selected as the animation production company. On August 12, 2018, Filoni stated that he would not work as directly on Resistance in a day-to-day capacity as he had on previous projects due to his work on The Clone Wars revival. However, he provided direction and notes to the story team, a role he compared to George Lucas' input on The Clone Wars.

This is a document about Bobby Miller (filmmaker)
  Miller is married to animator Daron Nefcy, known for creating the Disney XD cartoon Star vs. the Forces of Evil. They live in Los Angeles. In an interview with Comicbook.com, Nefcy said that a little bit of her husband was applied to character Marco Diaz. The couple welcomed their first child, a son in 2020.

This is a document about Stars in Shadow
  Stars in Shadow was developed by Ashdar Games, a small studio consisting of programmer Sven Olsen and artist Jim Francis. Francis is responsible for the game's comic book art style. He is also known as the author and artist of the full-color web-based science fiction comic “Outsider”. In an interview with GameStar, Olsen named Master of Orion 2 as his main inspiration for the game. The game went in Early Access in September 2016. IndieGames.com noted its style as "being probably its most striking element." PC Gamer reviewed the game when it entered Early Access and made note of the diversity of its playable races and the space combat gameplay, but reviewer T.J. Hafer stated that it was too early to tell if the "will soar

This is a document about Star Wars Forces of Destiny
  Forces of Destiny was announced on April 12, 2017, and a special preview of the series presented at Star Wars Celebration Orlando on April 14. The series is the first 2D animated series produced by Lucasfilm since the 2003 Clone Wars series and the first 2D animation project created by Lucasfilm Animation; previous 2D animated series such as Ewoks, Droids, and early installments of Clone Wars were created before the formation of the studio. The series is part of Disney Consumer Products and Interactive Media's franchise expansion initiative. Forces of Destiny was created as a series of web shorts because it was felt to better appeal to children's watching patterns: "The way that kids are consuming content today, they're still watching linear television, but increasingly they're consuming content digitally, online. We've created a story format here that reflects that. It's a combination of digital and linear." Each episode is written by Jennifer Muro and directed by Brad Rau.

This is a document about Adam McArthur
  presentation at the Shaolin Temple. The show was broadcast on PBS. He would return in 2014 for another PBS-broadcast documentary called Shaolin Kung Fu Monks where he follows the group as they go on a worldwide tour with stops in Moscow, New York City, and Los Angeles. McArthur's first major role in animation voice-over was in Star vs. the Forces of Evil, which premiered as one of the top animated shows on the Disney XD channel, and which was ordered for a second season ahead of its regular broadcast of the first season. He voices Marco Diaz, a teenage boy whose family hosts the title character as an exchange student, and who becomes her partner in their

This is a document about Introduction to Star Fleet Battles
  Task Force Games published Star Fleet Battles in 1979, and reviewers quickly noted its extreme complexity. Seven years later, Task Force Games published Introduction to Star Fleet Battles, written by the original game designer Stephen V. Cole, as a means of teaching new players the various layers of complexitiy, one layer at a time.

This is a document about Star vs. the Forces of Evil
  Star vs. the Forces of Evil has received positive reviews by critics. Kevin Johnson of The A.V. Club gave the pilot episode a B+, saying that the show was something children could have a lot of fun with, noting how the show follows current trends in western animation "towards large-eyed characters and quirky visual trends". Johnson stated that Star vs. the Forces of Evil "excels on wild, silly, and clever set-pieces to bring the laughs and action", but expected that adult viewers won't get much out of it. In reviewing episodes from the first season, Marcy Cook of The Mary Sue described the show as a blend of others such as Invader Zim and a sanitized Ren & Stimpy, with great appeal to tween and teen girls as well some laugh out loud moments for adults. She said, "[I]t's really

This is a document about Star Brand
  The Star Brand was created by Marvel Comics editor-in-chief Jim Shooter to be the flagship series of the New Universe line. Mark Gruenwald's notes from the meeting in which the New Universe concept was fleshed out indicate that the original title was "Will Power", and that the name "Star Brand" was taken from an unused concept by Archie Goodwin. The series was originally written by Shooter. The New Universe had no budget with which to hire big name talent, so it was to Shooter's surprise that John Romita, Jr. (a rising industry star) and Al Williamson (an esteemed comics veteran) volunteered to

This is a document about Nam Doh-hyeong
 Sanrio Boys (산리오 남자, KBS kids) ; Yu Mizuno ; Sid the Science Kid (꼬마 과학자 시드, KBS) ; Sid ; Sidekick (사이드킥, Cartoon Network Korea) ; Eric Needles ; Star vs. the Forces of Evil (프린세스 스타의 모험일기, Disney Channel Korea) ; Marco Ubaldo Diaz

Daron Nefcy is the creator of Star vs. the Forces of Evil.


Question: when did scotland play brazil in world cup

Answer: 1974

This is a document about Alan Brazil
  Brazil made 13 appearances for Scotland, the most notable of which saw him playing in the 1982 FIFA World Cup finals in Spain. He was the youngest member of the Scotland squad at the finals. His debut came against Poland in a friendly in Warsaw on 28 May 1980, which Scotland lost 1–0. His last full international came on 1 June 1983 in a 2–0 Home Championship defeat to England. He scored once for the Scottish national side, in his penultimate appearance on 28 May 1983 in a 2–0 Home Championship win over Wales. His international appearances were limited as Scotland had a number of other strikers at this time such as Kenny Dalglish, Charlie Nicholas, Mo Johnston, Steve Archibald, Paul Sturrock, Joe Jordan, Frank McAvennie, Davie Dodds, Frank McGarvey and Andy Gray who were preferred to Brazil.

This is a document about Scotland national football team
  in 1872. Scotland has a long-standing rivalry with England, whom they played annually from 1872 until 1989. The teams have met only eight times since then, most recently in a group match during Euro 2020 in June 2021. Scotland have qualified for the FIFA World Cup on eight occasions, and the UEFA European Championship three times, but have never progressed beyond the first group stage of a finals tournament. The team have achieved some noteworthy results, such as beating the 1966 FIFA World Cup winners England 3–2 at Wembley Stadium in 1967. Archie Gemmill scored what has been described as one of the greatest

This is a document about 2019 Rugby World Cup Pool A
 This is the first meeting between the two nations. ; Vladimir Ostroushko (Russia) earned his 50th test cap. ; Scotland became the first team to hold their opponents to nil points more than once in a single World Cup campaign. ; Mathieu Raynal was due to referee this game but withdrew ahead of kick off due to illness – Wayne Barnes stepped up from assistant with Alexandre Ruiz covering the assistant role. Notes:

This is a document about Russia at the Rugby World Cup
 This is the first meeting between the two nations. ; Vladimir Ostroushko (Russia) earned his 50th test cap. ; Scotland became the first team to record multiple nilled-victories over their opponent in one World Cup campaign, and become the first team to record a fifth nilled-victory in World Cup history. ; Mathieu Raynal was due to referee this game but withdrew ahead of kick off due to illness - Wayne Barnes stepped up from assistant with Alexandre Ruiz covering the assistant role. Notes:

This is a document about 1998 FIFA World Cup Final
  Brazil were in Group A at the World Cup, in which they were joined by Morocco, Norway and Scotland. Their first game was the tournament opener at the Stade de France, on 10 June against Scotland. Brazil took the lead after four minutes when César Sampaio received the ball in the penalty area from a corner taken by Bebeto, and headed the ball past Jim Leighton in the Scotland goal. Scotland equalised through a penalty scored by John Collins, after Kevin Gallacher had been fouled in the penalty area. Brazil took the lead again in the second half when a volley by Cafu was saved by Leighton but rebounded off

This is a document about 1990 in Scottish television
 20 June – Archie MacPherson commentates his last football match for BBC Scotland with the Scotland v Brazil World Cup match in Italy. Brazil won 1-0, leaving Scotland eliminated from the finals.

This is a document about Scotland at the FIFA World Cup
  The Scotland national football team have appeared eight times at the FIFA World Cup, including five consecutive tournaments from 1974 to 1990. The team have never advanced beyond the first round of the finals competition. They have missed out on progressing to the second round three times on goal difference: in 1974, when Brazil edged them out; in 1978, when the Netherlands progressed; and in 1982, when the Soviets qualified.

This is a document about 1990 FIFA World Cup Group C
  Play in Group C of the 1990 FIFA World Cup completed on 20 June 1990. Brazil won the group, and advanced to the second round, along with Costa Rica. Scotland and Sweden failed to advance, with the latter achieving a unique feat in World Cup history by playing three games in a particular World Cup having every game finish with exactly the same scoreline: a 2–1 loss.

This is a document about Craven Cottage
  February 2007 second against Serbia in November 2009, and then against Croatia in February 2013. On 17 November 2007 Australia beat Nigeria 1–0 in an international friendly at Craven Cottage. On 26 May 2011, Craven Cottage hosted the game of 2011 UEFA Women's Champions League Final between Lyon and Potsdam. In September 2011, a friendly between Ghana and Brazil was also held at Craven Cottage. On 15 October 2013, Australia beat Canada 3–0 at Craven Cottage. On 28 May 2014 Scotland played out a 2–2 draw with a Nigerian team who had qualified for the 2014 World Cup Finals. On 27 March 2018, Australia played host to Colombia in the international friendlies, the match ended 0-0, both teams having qualified for the 2018 World Cup Finals in Russia.

This is a document about Scotland women's national football team
  Euro 2017. The team followed this up by qualifying for their first World Cup finals tournament in 2019. Following their qualification, the Scottish Government announced they would provide funding to allow all the players to train full-time in the lead up to the World Cup, a welcome announcement as several players do not play professionally. Their final home match (against Jamaica) before the 2019 World Cup saw a record attendance for the national team of 18,555. Claire Emslie scored Scotland's first World Cup goal, netting in a 2–1 defeat against England on 9 June. After losing their second game, 2–1 against Japan, Scotland needed to

This is a document about Gordon Strachan
  a world-class Brazil side at the Estadio Benito Villamarín, Seville. In the third match, a 2–2 draw with the Soviet Union back in Málaga saw Scotland exit the tournament on goal difference. Scotland also qualified for the 1986 FIFA World Cup. However, shortly after the draw with Wales at Ninian Park on 10 September 1985, Jock Stein died of a heart attack, and his assistant Alex Ferguson took charge for the World Cup campaign. To complete their qualification, they had to beat Australia in a play-off. Strachan played in the first leg at Hampden Park, but did not travel to Melbourne for the

This is a document about César Sampaio
  César Sampaio joined the Brazil national football team during the Copa América in 1993, but was not part of the team during the FIFA World Cup finals in neither 1990 nor 1994. He was later also part of the Brazilian squad that won both the Copa América and the FIFA Confederations Cup in 1997, and played for Brazil at the 1998 FIFA World Cup finals, where he made six appearances in the team's run to the final, which they lost to the hosts of the tournament, France. At the 1998 FIFA World Cup finals, he became remembered for scoring the first goal of the entire tournament in the 4th minute of Brazil's opening match against Scotland, a header from a corner by Bebeto on the left. He also scored a brace in Brazil's 4–1 victory against Chile in the round of 16 during the same tournament. Sampaio is also remembered for helping Ronaldo when he suffered a convulsive fit in the night before the 1998 FIFA World Cup final.

This is a document about Troon F.C.
  Edson Arantes do Nascimento (better known worldwide as Pelé) once graced the hallowed turf at Portland Park, Troon. In a training camp to acclimatise the players ahead of the 1966 FIFA World Cup, Brazil (with Garrincha, Jairzinho, Gerson, Tostao, Zito) stayed at the Marine Hotel in Troon & the team trained at our very own Portland Park. Brazil played Scotland at Hampden Park on June 25, 1966, as part of the South American side’s World Cup warm-up schedule. The game finished 1-1 with Stevie Chalmers scoring for Scotland in the first minute before Servilio equalised for Brazil on 15 minutes.

This is a document about Scotland at the FIFA World Cup
  their qualifying group behind Italy, Switzerland and Portugal. When it became clear that Scotland could not qualify, Andy Roxburgh resigned from his position as team manager. Craig Brown guided Scotland to qualification for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, finishing as the best runners-up. Scotland were drawn against holders Brazil in the opening game of the World Cup. John Collins scored from the penalty spot to level the score at 1–1, but a Tom Boyd own goal led to a 2–1 defeat. Scotland drew their next game 1–1 with Norway in Bordeaux, but the final match against Morocco ended in a 3–0 defeat. Scotland have not appeared at the World Cup since.

This is a document about Scotland national football team
  a late goal for the Netherlands meant that Scotland were knocked out on goals scored. Brown again guided Scotland to qualification for a major tournament in 1998, and Scotland were drawn against Brazil in the opening game of the 1998 World Cup. John Collins equalised from the penalty spot to level the score at 1–1, but a Tom Boyd own goal led to a 2–1 defeat. Scotland drew their next game 1–1 with Norway in Bordeaux, but the final match against Morocco ended in an embarrassing 3–0 defeat. During the qualification for the 2000 European Championship, Scotland faced England in a two-legged playoff nicknamed the "Battle of Britain" by the media. Scotland won the second match 1–0 with a goal by Don Hutchison, but lost the tie 2–1 on aggregate.

This is a document about Scotland national football team
  champions. Scotland have since qualified for eight finals tournaments, including five consecutive tournaments from 1974 to 1990. Scotland have never advanced beyond the first round of the finals competition – no country has qualified for as many World Cup finals without progressing past the first round. They have missed out on progressing to the second round three times on goal difference: in 1974, when Brazil edged them out; in 1978, when the Netherlands progressed; and in 1982, when the Soviet Union went through. Draws include knockout matches decided on penalty kicks; correct as of 15 November 2021 after the match against Denmark.

This is a document about November 2012 in sports
 FIFA World Cup in Thailand: ; Third place match in Bangkok:  3–0 ; Final in Bangkok:  2–3 (a.e.t.)   ; Brazil defended their title, and winning it for the fifth time.

This is a document about Stade Geoffroy-Guichard
  May 1998, just one month before the opening World Cup match between Brazil and Scotland in Saint-Denis. ; Small changes occurred in 2007: The stadium was chosen to host three matches of the 2007 Rugby World Cup. In these circumstances, two giant screens were installed in two corners of the open stand, and the screens were retained after the competition. ; Since summer 2007, the roof of the stadium has been on a 20-year lease to a company that installed 2 600 m² of solar panels. (This is one of the most important industries in France, where photovoltaic sensors annually produce 206 996

This is a document about Brazil v Germany (2014 FIFA World Cup)
  The Brazil versus Germany football match that took place on 8 July 2014 at the Estádio Mineirão in Belo Horizonte was the first of two semi-final matches of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Both Brazil and Germany reached the semi-finals with an undefeated record in the competition, with the Brazilians' quarter-final with Colombia causing them to lose forward Neymar to injury, and defender and captain Thiago Silva to accumulation of yellow cards. Despite the absence of these players, a close match was expected, given both teams were traditional FIFA World Cup forces, sharing eight tournaments won and having previously met in the 2002 FIFA World Cup Final, where Brazil won 2–0 and earned their fifth title. This match, however, ended in

This is a document about International cricket in 2009
  Scotland and Canada also played an Intercontinental Cup match. See main article.

Scotland played Brazil in the World Cup on 14 June 1982.