Question: the ideology known as the open fields doctrine was first enunciated in the case of

Answer: Hester v. United States

This is a document about Open-fields doctrine
  The open fields doctrine was first articulated by the U.S. Supreme Court in Hester v. United States, which stated that "the special protection accorded by the Fourth Amendment to the people in their 'persons, houses, papers, and effects,' is not extended to the open fields." This opinion appears to be decided on the basis that "open fields are not a "constitutionally protected area" because they cannot be construed as "persons, houses, papers, [or] effects." This method of reasoning gave way with the arrival of the landmark case Katz v. United States, which established a two-part test for what constitutes a search within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment. The relevant criteria are "first that a person have exhibited an actual (subjective) expectation of privacy and,

This is a document about Open-fields doctrine
  The open-fields doctrine (also open-field doctrine or open-fields rule), in the U.S. law of criminal procedure, is the legal doctrine that a "warrantless search of the area outside a property owner's curtilage" does not violate the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. However, "unless there is some other legal basis for the search," such a search "must exclude the home and any adjoining land (such as a yard) that is within an enclosure or otherwise protected from public scrutiny."

This is a document about Schneider Doctrine
  He first enunciated this doctrine at a General Staff meeting on July 23, 1970. He wanted to make clear that "the armed forces are not a road to political power nor an alternative to that power. They exist to guarantee the regular work of the political system and the use of force for any other purpose than its defense constitute high treason". He reinforced his posture with a public message to the military on September 19, 1970, during the celebrations of Army day and in the midst of the campaign to obtain congressional ratification to Allende's marginal electoral victory, saying that "there were no options that would invite the armed forces to undo what the politicians had wrought in Chile". Nonetheless, he added a colophon: "the only limitation is in the case that the

This is a document about Hester v. United States
  Hester v. United States, 265 U.S. 57 (1924), is a decision by the United States Supreme Court, which established the open-fields doctrine. In an opinion written by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, the Court held that "the special protection accorded by the Fourth Amendment to the people in their 'persons, houses, papers and effects', is not extended to the open fields."

This is a document about Economic militarism
  The first important use dates from 1939 with Germany Rampant: A Study in Economic Militarism by Ernest Hambloch, a long-serving British diplomat. Germany Rampant "traces the philosophy of Nazism to the German mythological figures of ancient times." Since this book the term has been used in connection with the ancient Aztecs, and with militaristic movements in a variety of cultures, and applies to the ideological and cultural aspects of a state, society or group that sustain the drive for hegemony or empire. For example, Joseph Kenney applies the term to the Almoravids. In 2003 Clyde Prestowitz, of the Economic Strategy Institute published a book containing his analysis of what he called economic militarism in American foreign policy, that was reviewed in The Economist magazine.

This is a document about List of eponymous doctrines
 Dulles Doctrine attributed to Allen Dulles

This is a document about America First (policy)
  America First refers to a policy stance in the United States coined by progressive, internationalist president Woodrow Wilson that generally emphasizes nationalism and non-interventionism. The isolationist approach gained prominence in the interwar period (1918–1939) and was advocated by the America First Committee, a non-interventionist pressure group against the U.S. entry into World War II. In Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaigns and presidency (2017–2021), Trump used the phrase as a slogan, emphasizing the United States' [[Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration#International organizations and multilateral agreements|withdrawal from international treaties and organizations]]. "America First" was the official foreign policy doctrine of the Trump administration. The term was first used in association with Trump's foreign policy views in an op-ed published in USA Today in early March 2016 by Armand Cucciniello, a former U.S. diplomat. Later that month the phrase was

This is a document about Bleed India with a Thousand Cuts
   The origins of the strategic doctrine are attributed to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, then a member of the military regime of the General Ayub Khan, who declared a thousand-year war against India during his speech to the United Nations Security Council in 1965. His plans for the 1971 war included severing the entire eastern India and making it a "permanent part" of East Pakistan, occupying Kashmir, and turning East Punjab into a separate 'Khalistan'. After the war ended with Pakistan's own dismemberment, he laid down the doctrine of continuing the conflict by "inflicting a thousand cuts" on India. According to The Pioneer Bhutto declared that Pakistan's success in its 'national' goal of destruction of India would only be possible by "delivering a thousand cuts on its

This is a document about Monroe Doctrine
  The Monroe Doctrine was a United States foreign policy position that opposed European colonialism in the Western Hemisphere. It held that any intervention in the political affairs of the Americas by foreign powers was a potentially hostile act against the U.S. The doctrine was central to U.S. foreign policy for much of the 19th and early 20th centuries. President James Monroe first articulated the doctrine on December 2, 1823 during his seventh annual State of the Union Address to Congress ( though it would not be named after him until 1850). At the time, nearly all Spanish colonies in the Americas had either achieved or were close to independence. Monroe asserted that the New World and the Old World were to remain distinctly separate spheres of influence, and thus further efforts by European powers to control or influence sovereign states in the region would be viewed as a

This is a document about Diplomatic history of World War I
  order to line their own pockets, and the evidence of promised new territories invigorated left-wing movements around the world. President Woodrow Wilson regained some of the initiative in January 1918 when he proclaimed his Fourteen Points, the first of which demanded, "Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view." Historian Hew Strachan argues that war aims focused on territorial gains were not of central importance anyway. They did not cause the war nor shape its course of action. Rather, he says:

This is a document about Nuremberg and Vietnam
  the United States in the Field", in 1863. Concerning spies, prisoners of war, and the punishment of war crimes, this document comprising 159 articles facilitated the formation of military tribunals and later led to a demand for the formalization of international laws of warfare. Thus, international laws of warfare were codified by means of a series of treaties known as the Hague and Geneva conventions. The most important consequence of these treaties is that all nations, whether signatory or otherwise, were bound by international laws of war. The Nuremberg Trials, for which Taylor served as a leading figure, gave rise to

This is a document about Field Day Theatre Company
  derives from the conviction that it is, above all, a colonial crisis" (Eagleton 6). In this essay Deane calls for a re-engagement with the concept of nationalism, and positions Field Day in a squarely antithetical position to those he refers to as revisionist historians and critics, whose chief aim is "to demolish the nationalist mythology" (6). The categories of revisionist and anti-revisionist were all too easily superimposed onto the categories of unionist and nationalist, and the space between them, created by the production of Translations, was closing fast. For some, Seamus Deane had become the de facto spokesman, and Field Day became increasingly associated with

This is a document about Eisenhower Doctrine
  The Eisenhower Doctrine was a policy enunciated by Dwight D. Eisenhower on January 5, 1957, within a "Special Message to the Congress on the Situation in the Middle East". Under the Eisenhower Doctrine, a Middle Eastern country could request American economic assistance or aid from U.S. military forces if it was being threatened by armed aggression. Eisenhower singled out the Soviet threat in his doctrine by authorizing the commitment of U.S. forces "to secure and protect the territorial integrity and political independence of such nations, requesting such aid against overt armed aggression from any nation controlled by international communism." The phrase "international communism"

This is a document about Imperialism
  Anglophone academic studies often base their theories regarding imperialism on the British experience of Empire. The term imperialism was originally introduced into English in its present sense in the late 1870s by opponents of the allegedly aggressive and ostentatious imperial policies of British Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli. Supporters of "imperialism" such as Joseph Chamberlain quickly appropriated the concept. For some, imperialism designated a policy of idealism and philanthropy; others alleged that it was characterized by political self-interest, and a growing number associated it with capitalist greed. In Imperialism: A Study (1902), John A. Hobson developed a highly influential interpretation of

This is a document about Open Door Policy
  basic doctrine, and Chinese diplomats appealed to it as they sought American support, but critics pointed out that the policy had little practical effect. The term "Open Door" also describes the economic policy initiated by Deng Xiaoping in 1978 to open China to foreign businesses that wanted to invest in the country. The policy set into motion the economic transformation of China. In the 20th and 21st centuries, scholars such as Christopher Layne in the neorealist school have generalized the use of the term to applications in 'political' open door policies and 'economic' open door policies of nations in general, which interact on a global or international basis.

This is a document about Operation PBFortune
  US government was considering overthrowing Árbenz. The attitude of the United States was also influenced by the Monroe Doctrine, a philosophy of foreign policy articulated by James Monroe in 1823, which justified the maintenance of US hegemony in the region. The stated aim of the doctrine was to maintain order and stability and to make certain that access to resources and markets was not limited. Historian Mark Gilderhus opines that the doctrine also contained racially condescending language, which likened Latin American countries to fighting children. Before 1944, the US government had not needed to engage in military interventions in Guatemala to enforce this hegemony, given the presence of military rulers friendly to the US.

This is a document about Military doctrine
  In the period between the Napoleonic Wars and the First World War, doctrine was defined by the War Department in "Field Service Regulations". In addition, many officers wrote military manuals that were printed by private publishers, such as Hardee's Tactics, used by both Confederate and Union forces. General George B. McClellan wrote a cavalry manual, Regulations and Instructions for the Field Service of the U.S. Cavalry, in 1862. The General Staff became responsible for writing Field Service Regulations. They were published in 1908, were revised in 1913 and again in 1914 based on experiences of European powers in the first months of the war. As late as 1941 U.S. Army doctrine was published in Field Service Regulations – Operations. This designation was dropped and replaced by U.S. Army Field Manuals (FM).

This is a document about Obama Doctrine
  attention to its radical departure in tone from not only the policies of the Bush administration but many former presidents as well. Some trace the origin of Obama's doctrine to a speech he delivered at West Point in May 2014, where he asserted that the "United States will use military force, unilaterally if necessary, when our core interests demand it," but for indirect threats or humanitarian crises, "we must mobilize partners to take collective action." This doctrine of "moral multilateralism," some argue, reflects Obama's interest in philosopher Reinhold Niebuhr, who supported an interventionist U.S. foreign policy but warned against hubris and moral misjudgment.

This is a document about Open-fields doctrine
  extent those cases relied on the open-fields doctrine they were overruled. Having rejected the open-fields doctrine for Montana courts as a general principle, Trieweiler turned to its applicability to the instant case. He noted that not only had Peterson posted the property and placed a gate at the entrance road, he had some years beforehand moved his cabin to a less visible location after repeated vandalism. On previous visits, law enforcement had requested his permission to come on the property. "The entry onto Peterson's property and observation of the elk carcass, which could not have otherwise been observed, was

This is a document about Open-fields doctrine
  the case in late 2016 and heard oral arguments early the next year. In June 2017, by a 4–2 margin, the court held that the trial court's denial of Stietz's requested self-defense instruction had deprived him of a factual credible argument that the jury could have believed and reversed and remanded the appeals court. Justice Shirley Abrahamson's majority opinion declined to address the proposed trespass instruction since she believed Stietz might well prevail on retrial with just the self-defense instruction. But the state had raised the open-fields doctrine in its briefs on the case, which led Justice Rebecca Grassl Bradley to write a

The open fields doctrine was first enunciated in the case of Hester v. United States (1924).


Question: who came second in the overall ranked of the tour de france last year

Answer: Rigoberto Urán

This is a document about June 2011 in sports
 UCI World Tour: ; Critérium du Dauphiné, Stage 2: John Degenkolb   4h 02' 39"  Samuel Dumoulin   s.t.  Sébastien Hinault   s.t. ; General classification (after stage 2): (1) Alexander Vinokourov  [[Image:Jersey yellow-bluebar.svg|25px]] 7h 45' 48" (2) Jurgen Van den Broeck   [[Image:Jersey polkadot.svg|25px]] + 11" (3) Bradley Wiggins   [[Image:Jersey yellow number.svg|25px]] + 11"

This is a document about July 2011 in sports
 Grand Tours: ; Tour de France, Stage 2:  24' 48"   + 4"   + 4" ; General classification (after stage 2): (1) Thor Hushovd  [[Image:Jersey yellow.svg|25px]]Jersey yellow number.svg 5h 06' 25" (2) David Millar   + 0" (3) Cadel Evans   + 1"

This is a document about June 2011 in sports
 UCI World Tour: ; Critérium du Dauphiné, Stage 7: Joaquim Rodríguez   [[Image:Jersey green.svg|25px]] 3h 24' 30"  Thibaut Pinot   + 7"  Robert Gesink   + 7" ; Final general classification: (1) Bradley Wiggins  [[Image:Jersey yellow-bluebar.svg|25px]] 26h 40' 51" (2) Cadel Evans   + 1' 26" (3) Alexander Vinokourov   + 1' 49" ; UCI World Tour standings (after 15 of 27 races): (1) Philippe Gilbert  356 points (2) Alberto Contador   349 (3) Michele Scarponi   348 ; Tour de Suisse, Stage 2: Mauricio Soler   4h 23' 20"  Damiano Cunego   + 12"  Fränk Schleck   + 12" ; General classification (after stage 2): (1) Soler [[Image:Jersey yellow.svg|25px]] 4h 33' 19" (2) Cunego + 16" (3) Bauke Mollema  + 22"

This is a document about October 2011 in sports
 UCI World Tour: ; Tour of Beijing, Stage 5: Denis Galimzyanov   [[Image:Jersey green.svg|25px]] 2h 19' 44"  Juan José Haedo   s.t.  Elia Viviani   s.t. ; Final general classification: (1) Tony Martin  [[Image:Jersey red.svg|25px]] 13h 39' 11" (2) David Millar   + 17" (3) Chris Froome   + 26" ; World Tour standings (after 25 of 26 races): (1) Philippe Gilbert  698 points (2) Cadel Evans   574 (3) Alberto Contador   471

This is a document about 2013 Three Days of De Panne
 Notes: ; In stage 2, Arnaud Démare, who was second in the points classification, wore the green jersey, because Peter Sagan (in first place) wore the white jersey as leader of the general classification during that stage. ; In stage 3a, Alexander Kristoff, who was second in the points classification, wore the green jersey, because Arnaud Démare (in first place) wore the white jersey as leader of the general classification during that stage. }  <!-- ==Final standings==  -->

This is a document about 2017 Tour de France
  In the lead up to the 2017 Tour de France, Chris Froome was seen by many pundits as the top pre-race favourite for the general classification. His closest rivals were thought to be Richie Porte, Nairo Quintana , Alberto Contador , Romain Bardet and Fabio Aru. The other riders considered contenders for the general classification were Alejandro Valverde, Jakob Fuglsang , Thibaut Pinot , Esteban Chaves , Geraint Thomas , Dan Martin , Simon Yates , and Louis Meintjes. Froome, who won the 2013, 2015 and 2016 editions of the Tour, had not won a race in the 2017 season prior to the Tour's start. His best

This is a document about 2009 Tour de France
 After stage 1, Fabian Cancellara was leading both the general and the points classifications. In stage 2, he wore the yellow jersey. Alberto Contador was placed second at the time in the green jersey points classification, but was the leader in the king of the mountains classification, and so forfeited the right to wear the green jersey. As a result, the third placed rider in the opening time trial, Bradley Wiggins wore the green jersey on stage 2. ; Stage 16 was originally won by Mikel Astarloza, who was found after the Tour to have tested positive for EPO before the race

This is a document about July 2012 in sports
 Tour de France: ; Stage 2: Mark Cavendish   André Greipel   Matthew Goss ; General classification: [[Image:Jersey yellow.svg|20px]] Fabian Cancellara  Bradley Wiggins   Sylvain Chavanel ; Points: [[Image:Jersey green.svg|20px]] Peter Sagan, Mountains: [[Image:Jersey polkadot.svg|20px]] Michael Mørkøv , Young: [[Image:Jersey white.svg|20px]] Tejay van Garderen , Team: Jersey yellow number.svg Team Sky , Combat: Jersey red number.svg Anthony Roux Tour of Qinghai Lake: ; Stage 4: Luka Mezgec   Kiel Reijnen   Kevin Claeys ; General classification: [[Image:Jersey yellow.svg|20px]] Hossein Alizadeh ; Tour of Austria: ; Stage 2: Danilo Di Luca   Steve Morabito   Thomas Rohregger ; General classification: [[Image:Jersey yellow.svg|20px]] Danilo Di Luca ; Giro d'Italia Femminile: ; Stage 4: Marianne Vos   Emma Johansson   Tatiana Guderzo ; General classification: [[Image:Jersey pink.svg|20px]] Marianne Vos <div Id="1_July_2012">

This is a document about July 2009 in sports
 Tour de France: ; Stage 18 – Annecy (40 km ITT): (1) Alberto Contador  48' 30" (2) Fabian Cancellara   + 3" (3) Mikhail Ignatiev   + 15" ; General classification: (1) Jersey yellow.svg Contador 73h 15' 39" (2) Andy Schleck (Team Saxo Bank) + 4' 11" (3) Lance Armstrong  (Astana) + 5' 25" ; Points standing: (1) Jersey green.svg Thor Hushovd (Cervélo TestTeam) 230 points (2) Mark Cavendish  (Team Columbia-HTC) 200 (3) José Joaquín Rojas   126 ; King of mountains standings: (1) Jersey polkadot.svg Franco Pellizotti (Liquigas) 196 points (2) Egoi Martínez   118 (3) Pierrick Fédrigo   99

This is a document about July 2011 in sports
 Grand Tours: ; Tour de France, Stage 13: Thor Hushovd   3h 47' 36"  David Moncoutié   + 10"  Jérémy Roy   + 26" ; General classification (after stage 13): (1) Thomas Voeckler   [[Image:Jersey yellow.svg|25px]] 55h 49' 57" (2) Fränk Schleck   + 1' 49" (3) Cadel Evans   + 2' 06"

This is a document about 2014 Paris–Nice
 Notes: ; In stage 2, Gianni Meersman, who was second in the points classification, wore the green jersey, because Nacer Bouhanni (in first place) wore the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification during that stage. Similarly, John Degenkolb, who was second in the young rider classification, wore the white jersey, as Bouhanni also led that classification. ; In stage 3, John Degenkolb, who was second in the points classification, wore the green jersey, because Nacer Bouhanni (in first place) wore the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification during that stage. Similarly, Moreno Hofland, who was third in the young rider classification, wore the white jersey, due to Bouhanni and Degenkolb (who was also second in the young rider classification) wearing other jerseys.

This is a document about July 2011 in sports
 Grand Tours: ; Tour de France, Stage 17: Edvald Boasson Hagen   4h 18' 00"  Bauke Mollema   + 40"  Sandy Casar   + 50" ; General classification (after stage 17): (1) Thomas Voeckler  [[Image:Jersey yellow.svg|25px]] 73h 23' 49" (2) Cadel Evans   + 1' 18" (3) Fränk Schleck   + 1' 22"

This is a document about 2014 Tour de France
  According to many observers before the race the top two favourites for the general classification were Chris Froome and Alberto Contador. Their closest rivals were thought to have been Vincenzo Nibali and Alejandro Valverde. A possible contender was the 2013 Tour runner-up, Nairo Quintana, who had chosen not to ride the Tour after his 2014 Giro d'Italia win that took place during May. Andy Schleck, who was retroactively awarded the 2010 Tour title, was selected by his team as a domestique, and was not considered a possible favourite. The other riders considered contenders for the general classification were Andrew Talansky, Rui Costa

This is a document about October 2011 in sports
 UCI World Tour: ; Tour of Beijing, Stage 2: Heinrich Haussler   3h 03' 30"  Denis Galimzyanov   s.t.  Theo Bos   s.t. ; General classification (after stage 2): (1) Tony Martin  [[Image:Jersey red.svg|25px]][[Image:Jersey green.svg|25px]] 3h 17' 03" (2) David Millar   + 17" (3) Alex Dowsett   [[Image:Jersey white.svg|25px]] + 24"

This is a document about 2016 Tour de France
  In the run up to the 2016 Tour de France, Chris Froome was seen by many as the top pre-race favourite for the general classification. His closest rivals were thought to be Nairo Quintana and Alberto Contador. The other riders considered contenders for the general classification were Richie Porte, Thibaut Pinot , Fabio Aru , Vincenzo Nibali , who won the 2014 Tour and the 2016 Giro d'Italia, Romain Bardet , and Tejay van Garderen. Froome, who won both the 2013 and 2015 editions of the race, had shown his form during the season with overall victories in two stage races,

This is a document about July 2011 in sports
 Grand Tours: ; Tour de France, Stage 12: Samuel Sánchez   6h 01' 15"  Jelle Vanendert   + 7"  Fränk Schleck   + 10" ; General classification (after stage 12): (1) Thomas Voeckler  [[Image:Jersey yellow.svg|25px]] 51h 54' 44" (2) Schleck [[Image:Jersey yellow number.svg|25px]] + 1' 49" (3) Cadel Evans   + 2' 06"

This is a document about July 2011 in sports
 Grand Tours: ; Tour de France, Stage 9: Luis León Sánchez   5h 27' 09"  Thomas Voeckler   + 5"  Sandy Casar   + 13" ; General classification (after stage 9): (1) Voeckler [[Image:Jersey yellow.svg|25px]]Jersey yellow number.svg 38h 35' 11" (2) Sánchez + 1' 49" (3) Cadel Evans  + 2' 26"

This is a document about Greg Van Avermaet
  de Suisse. He failed to win a stage at the Tour de France, with a second-place finish on stage 14 to Rodez as best stage result. After the Tour de France, he was eighth in the Clásica San Sebastián, fourth overall in the Binckbank Tour and tenth in the Bretagne Classic. In September, he finished second at the Grand Prix de Québec, seventh at the Grand Prix de Montréal and was sixth in the World Road Race Championships in Bergen, Norway. He ended the year as world number one on both the UCI World Ranking and UCI World Tour, a place he held since April 2017.

This is a document about July 2011 in sports
 Grand Tours: ; Tour de France, Stage 18: Andy Schleck   6h 07' 56"  Fränk Schleck   + 2' 07"  Cadel Evans   + 2' 15" ; General classification (after stage 18): (1) Thomas Voeckler  [[Image:Jersey yellow.svg|25px]] 79h 34' 06" (2) Andy Schleck Jersey red number.svg + 15" (3) Fränk Schleck + 1' 08"

This is a document about July 2009 in sports
 Tour de France: ; Stage 10 – Limoges to Issoudun (193 km): (1) Mark Cavendish (Team Columbia-HTC) 4h 46' 43" (2) Thor Hushovd  (Cervélo TestTeam) s.t. (3) Tyler Farrar  (Garmin-Slipstream) s.t. ; Cavendish gets his third stage win in this Tour. ; General classification: (1) Jersey yellow.svg Rinaldo Nocentini  39h 11' 04" (2) Alberto Contador   +6" (3) Lance Armstrong  (Astana) +8" ; Points standing: (1) Jersey green.svg Hushovd 147 points (2) Cavendish 141 (3) José Joaquín Rojas  97 ; King of mountains standings: (1) Jersey polkadot.svg Egoi Martínez  78 points (2) Christophe Kern   59 (3) Franco Pellizotti   55

The second-placed rider in the overall ranking of the Tour de France last year was Bradley Wiggins.


Question: cognition about ones own cognitive process can be termed as

Answer: metacognition

This is a document about Adolescence
  A third gain in cognitive ability involves thinking about thinking itself, a process referred to as metacognition. It often involves monitoring one's own cognitive activity during the thinking process. Adolescents' improvements in knowledge of their own thinking patterns lead to better self-control and more effective studying. It is also relevant in social cognition, resulting in increased introspection, self-consciousness, and intellectualization (in the sense of thought about one's own thoughts, rather than the Freudian definition as a defense mechanism). Adolescents are much better able than children to understand that people do not have complete control over their mental activity. Being able to introspect may lead to two forms of adolescent egocentrism, which results in two distinct problems in thinking: the imaginary audience and the personal fable. These likely peak at age fifteen, along with self-consciousness in general. Related to metacognition and abstract thought, perspective-taking involves a more sophisticated theory of mind. Adolescents reach a stage of social perspective-taking in which they can understand how the thoughts or actions of one person can influence those of another person, even if they personally are not involved.

This is a document about Self-regulation theory
  There have been numerous researchers, psychologists and scientists who have studied self-regulatory processes. Albert Bandura, a cognitive psychologist had significant contributions focusing on the acquisition of behaviors that led to the social cognitive theory and social learning theory. His work brought together behavioral and cognitive components in which he concluded that "humans are able to control their behavior through a process known as self-regulation." This led to his known process that contained: self observation, judgment and self response. Self observation (also known as introspection) is a process involving assessing one's own thoughts and feelings in order to inform and motivate the individual to work towards goal setting and become influenced by behavioral changes. Judgement involves an individual comparing his or her performance to their personal or created standards. Lastly, self-response is applied, in which an individual may reward or punish his or herself for success or failure in meeting standard(s). An example of self-response would be rewarding oneself with an extra slice of pie for doing well on an exam.

This is a document about Information processing theory
  Cognitive processes include perception, recognition, imagining, remembering, thinking, judging, reasoning, problem solving, conceptualizing, and planning. These cognitive processes can emerge from human language, thought, imagery, and symbols. In addition to these specific cognitive processes, many cognitive psychologists study language-acquisition, altered states of mind and consciousness, visual perception, auditory perception, short-term memory, long-term memory, storage, retrieval, perceptions of thought and much more. Cognitive processes emerge through senses, thoughts, and experiences. The first step is aroused by paying attention, it allows processing of the information given. Cognitive processing cannot occur without learning, they work hand in hand to fully grasp the information.cognitive process

This is a document about Self-portrait
 Wegner DM (2003) The mind's self-portrait. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1001: 212–225. Psychology and neuroscience approach understanding of reason and consciousness. Meanwhile, each human reason contains the self-portrait, which contains the self-appraisal of cognitive processes. This self-portrait assumes that the actions of man are governed by thoughts and, thus, the body is governed by consciousness. Self-portrait leads to the persuasion, that we consciously desire to make something. Studies show that self-portraiture is a caricature on the function of the brain, but at the same time it is the basis of the sensation of authorship and responsibility of one's own actions.

This is a document about Self-authorship
  Self-authorship consists of three dimensions: cognitive, intrapersonal, and interpersonal. “Self-authored people employ complex cognitive processes of meaning-making in ways that recognize the socially constructed nature of knowledge (cognitive) while also keeping in mind their own beliefs, values, and goals (intrapersonal),” as well as those of others (interpersonal). Cognitive self-authorship focuses on the idea that the individual is responsible for their thoughts and beliefs rather than being influenced by external sources. As a result, learning becomes more open-ended and knowledge is seen as more contextual, rather than absolute. Interpersonal self-authoring revolves around how the individual views their relationships with others. A self-authoring mind is one that has relationships, but whose thoughts and behaviors are based on the individual’s beliefs rather than the beliefs of those with whom they associate. Intrapersonal self-authoring centers on the core values and beliefs that the individual possesses. Self-authorship encourages development of beliefs based on one’s own choices rather than simply imitating the beliefs/values of those around them. These original beliefs then serve as the foundation and standard to which the individual’s thoughts and actions are held.

This is a document about Cognition
  Cognition refers to "the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses". It encompasses many aspects of intellectual functions and processes such as: perception, attention, the formation of knowledge, memory and working memory, judgment and evaluation, reasoning and "computation", problem solving and decision making, comprehension and production of language. Cognitive processes use existing knowledge and discover new knowledge. Cognitive processes are analyzed from different perspectives within different contexts, notably in the fields of linguistics, musicology, anesthesia, neuroscience, psychiatry, psychology, education, philosophy, anthropology, biology, systemics, logic, and computer science. These and other different approaches to the analysis of cognition are synthesised in the developing field of cognitive science, a progressively autonomous academic discipline.

This is a document about Metacognition
  to self-monitoring, self-representation, and self-regulation processes, which are regarded as integral components of the human mind. Moreover, with his colleagues, he showed that these processes participate in general intelligence, together with processing efficiency and reasoning, which have traditionally been considered to compose fluid intelligence. Metacognition also involves thinking about one's own thinking process such as study skills, memory capabilities, and the ability to monitor learning. This concept needs to be explicitly taught along with content instruction. Metacognitive knowledge is about one's own cognitive processes and the understanding of how to regulate those processes to maximize learning. Some types of metacognitive knowledge would include: Metacognition is

This is a document about Cognition
  In psychology, the term "cognition" is usually used within an information processing view of an individual's psychological functions, and such is the same in cognitive engineering. In the study of social cognition, a branch of social psychology, the term is used to explain attitudes, attribution, and group dynamics. Human cognition is conscious and unconscious, concrete or abstract, as well as intuitive (like knowledge of a language) and conceptual (like a model of a language). It encompasses processes such as memory, association, concept formation, pattern recognition, language, attention, perception, action, problem solving, and mental imagery. Traditionally, emotion was not thought of as a cognitive process, but now much research is being undertaken to examine the cognitive psychology of emotion; research is also focused on one's awareness of one's own

This is a document about Metacognitive therapy
  Metacognition, Greek for "after" (meta) "thought" (cognition), refers to the human capacity to be aware of and control one's own thoughts and internal mental processes. Metacognition has been studied for several decades by researchers, originally as part of developmental psychology and neuropsychology. Examples of metacognition include a person knowing what thoughts are currently in their mind and knowing where the focus of their attention is, and a person's beliefs about their own thoughts (which may or may not be accurate). The first metacognitive interventions were devised for children with attentional disorders in the 1980s.

This is a document about Children's use of information
  Metacognition is an ability that allows people to think about their own thinking process, and how to use their thinking process to help themselves learn better. Metacognition includes two separate abilities: (1) knowledge of cognition and (2) regulation of cognition. Knowledge of one's thinking process is not enough to regulate an individual's behaviour, and are required to use specific strategies to help them regulate their behaviour.

This is a document about Human
  at other times, an aspect of it. Historically it is associated with introspection, private thought, imagination and volition. It now often includes some kind of experience, cognition, feeling or perception. It may be 'awareness', or 'awareness of awareness', or self-awareness. There might be different levels or orders of consciousness, or different kinds of consciousness, or just one kind with different features. The process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses is known as cognition. The human brain perceives the external world through the senses, and each individual human is influenced greatly by his or her experiences, leading to subjective

This is a document about Metacognition
  general term encompassing the study of memory-monitoring and self-regulation, meta-reasoning, consciousness/awareness and autonoetic consciousness/self-awareness. In practice these capacities are used to regulate one's own cognition, to maximize one's potential to think, learn and to the evaluation of proper ethical/moral rules. It can also lead to a reduction in response time for a given situation as a result of heightened awareness, and potentially reduce the time to complete problems or tasks. In the domain of experimental psychology, an influential distinction in metacognition (proposed by T. O. Nelson & L. Narens) is between Monitoring—making judgments about the strength of one's memories—and Control—using those judgments to guide behavior

This is a document about Sociology of human consciousness
  Individual consciousness is the normal outcome of processes of collective naming, classifying, monitoring, judging, and reflecting on the individual members of the group or organization. And an individual in a collective context learns to participate in discussions and discourses about "themself", that is, group reflections on themself, their appearance, their orientations and attitudes, their strategies and conduct. Thus, an individual learns (in line with George Herbert Mead's earlier formulations) a naming and classification of themself (self-description and identity) and a characterization of their judgments, actions, and predispositions. In acquiring a language and conceptual framework for this mode of activity along with experience and skills in reflective discussion they develop a capability of inner reflection and inner dialog about themself. These are characteristic features of a particular type of individual "consciousness". This conception points up the socially constructed character of key properties of the human mind, realized through processes of social interaction and social construction. In sum, individual self-representation, self-reference, self-reflectivity, and experiences of consciousness, derive from the collective experience.

This is a document about Self-reflection
   Self-reflection is the ability to witness and evaluate our own cognitive, emotional, and behavioural processes. In psychology, other terms used for this self-observation include 'reflective awareness', and 'reflective consciousness', which originate from the work of William James. Self-reflection depends upon a range of functions, including introspection and meta cognition, which develop from infancy through adolescence, affecting how individuals interact with others, and make decisions. Self-reflection is related to the philosophy of consciousness, the topic of awareness, consciousness in general, and the philosophy of mind. The concept of self-reflection is ancient. For example, more than 3,000 years ago, "Know thyself", an ancient maxim by the Delphic oracle, Pythia, was inscribed on the forecourt of the Temple of Apollo when it was built over one of the oldest known religious sites in Ancient Greece.

This is a document about Cognitive liberty
  Cognitive liberty, or the "right to mental self-determination", is the freedom of an individual to control their own mental processes, cognition, and consciousness. It has been argued to be both an extension of, and the principle underlying, the right to freedom of thought. Though a relatively recently defined concept, many theorists see cognitive liberty as being of increasing importance as technological advances in neuroscience allow for an ever-expanding ability to directly influence consciousness. Cognitive liberty is not a recognized right in any international human rights treaties, but has gained a limited level of recognition in the United States, and is argued to be the principle underlying a number of recognized rights.

This is a document about Self-knowledge (psychology)
 The cognitive self ; The affective self ; The executive self Self-knowledge is a term used in psychology to describe the information that an individual draws upon when finding an answer to the question "What am I like?". While seeking to develop the answer to this question, self-knowledge requires ongoing self-awareness and self-consciousness (which is not to be confused with consciousness). Young infants and chimpanzees display some of the traits of self-awareness and agency/contingency, yet they are not considered as also having self-consciousness. At some greater level of cognition, however, a self-conscious component emerges in addition to an increased self-awareness component, and then it becomes possible to ask "What am

This is a document about Hazel Rose Markus
  Making sense of one’s own behavior in particular domains results in the formation of cognitive structures about the self, or self-schemas. These interpretive structures reflect one’s own observations as well as those offered by the social context, and lend coherence, meaning, and form to current and future experience. Self-schemas facilitate self-relevant judgments and decisions, contain easily retrievable behavioral evidence, provide a basis for the confident self-prediction of behavior in schema related domains and help people resist schema inconsistent information.

This is a document about Heuristic
  Heuristics, through greater refinement and research, have begun to be applied to other theories, or be explained by them. For example, the cognitive-experiential self-theory (CEST) also is an adaptive view of heuristic processing. CEST breaks down two systems that process information. At some times, roughly speaking, individuals consider issues rationally, systematically, logically, deliberately, effortfully and verbally. On other occasions, individuals consider issues intuitively, effortlessly, globally, and emotionally. From this perspective, heuristics are part of a larger experiential processing system that is often adaptive, but vulnerable to error in situations that require logical analysis.

This is a document about Self-serving bias
  A self-serving bias is any cognitive or perceptual process that is distorted by the need to maintain and enhance self-esteem, or the tendency to perceive oneself in an overly favorable manner. It is the belief that individuals tend to ascribe success to their own abilities and efforts, but ascribe failure to external factors. When individuals reject the validity of negative feedback, focus on their strengths and achievements but overlook their faults and failures, or take more credit for their group's work than they give to other members, they are protecting their self-esteem from threat and injury. These cognitive and perceptual tendencies perpetuate illusions and error, but they also serve the self's need for esteem. For example, a student who attributes earning a good grade on an exam to their own intelligence and preparation but attributes earning

This is a document about Metacognition
  Metacognition is an awareness of one's own thought processes and an understanding of the patterns behind them. The term comes from the root word meta, meaning "beyond", or "on top of". Metacognition can take many forms, such as reflecting on one's own ways of thinking and knowing when and how to use particular strategies for problem-solving. There are generally two components of metacognition: (1) knowledge about cognition and (2) regulation of cognition. Metamemory, defined as knowing about memory and mnemonic strategies, is an especially important form of metacognition. Academic research on metacognitive processing across cultures is in the early stages, but there are indications that further work may provide better outcomes in cross-cultural learning between teachers and students. Writings on metacognition date back at least as far as two works by the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384–322 BC): On the Soul and the Parva Naturalia.


Question: when was the employment non discrimination act passed

Answer: November 7 , 2013

This is a document about Employment Non-Discrimination Act
  focus on employment. Rep. Gerry Studds introduced the Employment Non-Discrimination Act on June 23, 1994. The legislation failed in 1994 and 1995. In 1996, the bill failed on a 49–50 vote in the Senate and was not voted on in the House. Its level of support in the Senate may have represented an attempt by some to compensate for their recent support of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), which prohibited the federal government from recognizing same-sex marriages. These early versions of ENDA did not include provisions to protect transgender people from discrimination and ENDA was not introduced in the 109th Congress.

This is a document about Employment Non-Discrimination Act
  The Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA) is legislation proposed in the United States Congress that would prohibit discrimination in hiring and employment on the basis of sexual orientation or, depending on the version of the bill, gender identity, by employers with at least 15 employees. ENDA has been introduced in every Congress since 1994 except the 109th. Similar legislation has been introduced without passage since 1974. The bill gained its best chance at passing after the Democratic Party gained the majority after twelve years of Republican majorities in the 2006 midterm elections. In 2007, gender identity protections were added to the legislation for the first time. Some sponsors believed that even with a Democratic majority, ENDA did not have enough votes to pass the House of

This is a document about Employment Non-Discrimination Act
  [[File:S 2056 - Employment Nondiscrimination Act of 1996 - Senate vote.svg|thumb|400px|right|Senate vote on Employment Nondiscrimination Act of 1996. ]] On May 14, 1974, Reps. Bella Abzug (D-NY) and Ed Koch (D-NY) introduced, an "Equality Act" which would have added "sex, marital status or sexual orientation" to the protected classes specified in the Civil Rights Act of 1964, thus prohibiting discrimination in employment and access to public accommodations and facilities. The bill died in June 1974 but a similarly named bill would later be introduced in the 115th United States Congress on May 2, 2017. In the early 1990s, supporters of the legislation decided

This is a document about LGBT employment discrimination in the United States
  on March 27, 2017. In 2017, the Trump administration, through the Department of Justice, reversed the Obama-era policy which used Title VII to protect transgender employees from discrimination. A bill to ban employment discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity, the Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA), was introduced repeatedly in the U.S. Congress since 1994. Under the ENDA, it was illegal for an employer to discriminate against their employees due to their sexual orientation or gender identity. Unlike the Equality Act of 1974, the main focus of the ENDA was to end employment discrimination. In 1994, the ENDA only

This is a document about List of anti-discrimination acts
 Age Discrimination Act of 1975 ; Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 ; Alaska's Anti-Discrimination Act of 1945 ; Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 ; Bostock v. Clayton County — a landmark United States Supreme Court case in 2020 in which the Court held that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects employees against discrimination because of their sexual orientation or gender identity ; California Fair Employment and Housing Act ; Civil Rights Act of 1866 ; Civil Rights Act of 1871 ; Civil Rights Act of 1957 ; Civil Rights Act of 1964 ; Civil Rights Act of 1968 ; Civil Rights Act of 1991 ; Employment Non-Discrimination Act ; Equal Pay Act of 1963 ; Executive Order 11478 ; Executive Order 13166 – “Improving Access to Services for Persons with Limited English Proficiency” ; Fair Employment

This is a document about Political positions of Rand Paul
  On July 10, 2013, he voted against the Employment Non-Discrimination Act, that would prohibit discrimination in hiring and employment on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity by private sector employers with at least 15 employees. Paul had introduced an amendment to broaden the religious exemptions to the Employment Non-Discrimination Act, but failed to show up for the committee hearing for it. A day after the vote, he said "All I can say is, we have a zero tolerance policy for anybody who displays discriminatory behavior or belief in discriminating against people based on the color of their skin, their religion,

This is a document about United Kingdom labour law
  changing. Though the common law was sometimes comparatively progressive, sometimes not, the first statutes to prohibit discrimination focused on gender and race emerged in the 1960s as the Civil Rights Act was passed in the United States. Discrimination in employment (as in consumer or public service access) was formally prohibited on grounds of race in 1965, gender in 1975, disability in 1995, sexual orientation and religion in 2003 and age in 2006. A complicated and inconsistent jamboree of Acts and statutory instruments was placed into a comprehensive code in the Equality Act 2010. This was backed by European Union law, which the

This is a document about LGBT employment discrimination in the United States
  cannot create any new enforcement rights (such as the ability to proceed before the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission). Those rights can be granted only by legislation passed by the Congress, such as the Employment Non-Discrimination Act." At the start of 2010, the Obama administration included gender identity among the classes protected against discrimination under the authority of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). It was Obama's wish to further attend to LGBT civil rights not only through legislation, but also the executive branch. In 2012 the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ruled that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 does

This is a document about ADA Amendments Act of 2008
  ADA with parallel provisions of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the latter amendments change the language of Title I to provide that no covered entity shall discriminate against a qualified individual “on the basis of disability.” To summarize the ADAAA timeline: the Act was introduced on July 31, 2008; passed the Senate on September 11, 2008; passed the House on September 17, 2008; was signed by the President on September 25, 2008; and took effect on January 1, 2009. The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit held on July 21, 2009, that the ADAAA does not apply retroactively.

This is a document about LGBT history in New York
  In 2002, the Sexual Orientation Non-Discrimination Act was passed by the Legislature. Governor George Pataki signed the bill into law, and it went into effect on January 16, 2003. Also in 2002, the Sylvia Rivera Law Project was founded in New York. Still in existence today, SRLP was named after transgender activist Sylvia Rivera with the mission "to guarantee that all people are free to self-determine gender identity and expression, regardless of income or race, and without facing harassment, discrimination or violence". In 2005, bisexual scholars and activists mobilized with The Task Force, GLAAD and BiNet USA to meet with New York Times science section editor and researcher Brian Dodge to respond

This is a document about Women's education in the United States
  In July 1975 “Title IX regulations became effective as law” (Margaret Fund of NWLC, 2012). The law provided one year for compliance to elementary schools and three years for compliance to high schools and post secondary institutions. Through the 1970s the law's enactment, opposition towards the legislation, and initial compliance for the law were the focus. According to the Margaret Fund (2012), in 1982 a court case was won upholding the nondiscriminatory acts in employment, the case title is as follows, 1982 North Haven Bd. of Ed. v. Bell, 456 U.S. 512 (1982). In 1984, the case Grove City v. Bell, 465 U.S. 555 (1984) a, “U.S. Supreme Court decision

This is a document about Phyllis Frye
  Frye presented at her first Creating Change conference (trans and bisexual caucuses combined meeting) in 1995. A dispute arose over the version of the Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA) proposed in the 104th Congress (1995–1996), which did not include protection for transgender people. The Human Rights Campaign (HRC), an LGBT advocacy group, drew particular criticism for its endorsement of the Act, which was seen as a betrayal by many in the transgender community. In February 1997 Frye organized a gathering of transgender people in Washington, D.C. where 20 people came to the offices of 46 senators of the 49 who voted for ENDA in 1996 to discuss the vote and

This is a document about Bathroom bill
  The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is a key U.S. agency that enforces federal workplace rules. States also have their own rules but in a conflict, if constitutional, federal law is supreme. A key statute is Title VII. Title VII, passed as part of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, prohibits discrimination in the workplace "because of" of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Title VII does not mention sexual orientation or gender identity. Although few dispute that Congress was thinking about gender identity or sexual orientation in 1964, advocates have argued that sexual orientation and gender identity are included in the law's reference to "sex". In

This is a document about Employment Non-Discrimination Act
  [[File:HR 3685 - Sexual Orientation Employment Nondiscrimination Act of 2007 (ENDA) - House of Representatives vote.svg|thumb|400px|right|House vote on Sexual Orientation Employment Nondiscrimination Act of 2007 by congressional district. ]] In the 110th United States Congress there were two versions of the bill, both of which provided employment protections similar to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Reps. Barney Frank, Chris Shays, Tammy Baldwin, and Deborah Pryce introduced on April 24, 2007. It included gender identity within its protections. It defined gender identity as "gender-related identity, appearance, or mannerisms or other gender-related characteristics of an individual, with or without regard to the individual's designated sex at birth." It allowed employers to require adherence "to the same dress or

This is a document about Social policy of the Barack Obama administration
  Obama has said that he would sign into law the Employment Non-Discrimination Act, which — if passed — would prohibit discrimination in hiring and employment on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity. On July 21, 2014, Obama signed Executive Order 13672, adding "gender identity" to the categories protected against discrimination in hiring in the federal civilian workforce and both "sexual orientation" and gender identity" to the categories protected against discrimination in hiring and employment on the part of federal government contractors and sub-contractors.

This is a document about Equal employment opportunity
   Equal employment opportunity is equal opportunity to attain or maintain employment in a company, organization, or other institution. Examples of legislation to foster it or to protect it from eroding include the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, which was established by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to assist in the protection of United States employees from discrimination. The law was the first federal law designed to protect most US employees from employment discrimination based upon that employee's (or applicant's) race, color, religion, sex, or national origin (Public Law 88-352, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 253, 42 U.S.C. Sec. 2000e et. seq.). On June 15, 2020, the United States Supreme Court ruled that workplace discrimination is prohibited on the basis of sexual orientation or transgender status. Bostock v. Clayton County, 590

This is a document about Human rights in the United Kingdom
  in under the Equal Pay Act 1970. Racial discrimination was prohibited by the Race Relations Act 1976 and disability discrimination by the Disability Discrimination Act 1995. Discrimination on the grounds of religion and belief in the workplace and tertiary education was first regulated by the Employment Equality (Religion or Belief) Regulations 2003, sexual orientation discrimination in the workplace by the Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003 and age discrimination in employment by the Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006. Much of this legislation was consolidated into the Equality Act 2010, the bulk of which entered into force in October 2010, which

This is a document about Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting) in the 20th century
  Standards Act, aimed at abolishing wage disparity based on sex (see Gender pay gap). It was signed into law on June 10, 1963, by John F. Kennedy as part of his New Frontier Program. In passing the bill, Congress stated that sex discrimination: • depresses wages and living standards for employees necessary for their health and efficiency; No employer having employees subject to any provisions of this section [section 206 of title 29 of the United States Code] shall discriminate, within any establishment in which such employees are employed, between employees on the basis of sex by paying wages to

This is a document about Employment discrimination law in the United States
  Acts, amended in 1993, ensure all persons equal rights under the law and outline the damages available to complainants in actions brought under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and the 1973 Rehabilitation Act. The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 bars employers from using individuals' genetic information when making hiring, firing, job placement, or promotion decisions. The proposed US Equality Act of 2015 would ban discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity. , 28 US states do not explicitly include sexual orientation and 29 US states do not explicitly include gender identity within anti-discrimination statutes.

This is a document about Affirmative action
  Affirmative action was introduced through the Employment Equality Act, 55 in 1998, 4 years after the end of apartheid. This act was passed to promote the constitutional right of equality and exercise true democracy. This idea was to eliminate unfair discrimination in employment, to ensure the implementation of employment equity to redress the effects of discrimination, to achieve a diverse workforce broadly representative of our people, to promote economic development and efficiency in the workforce and to give effects to the obligations of the Republic as a member of the International Labour Organisation. Many embraced the act; however some concluded that the act contradicted itself. The act eliminates unfair discrimination in certain sectors of the national labour market by imposing similar constraints on another. With the introduction of Affirmative Action, black economic empowerment (BEE) rose further in South Africa. The BEE was not a moral

The Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA) has not been passed into law in the United States. It was first introduced in Congress in 1994 and has been reintroduced several times since then, but it has not yet been passed.


Question: who was party in the usa written for

Answer: Jessie J

This is a document about Party in the U.S.A.
  "Party in the U.S.A." is a song by American singer Miley Cyrus for her first extended play (EP) The Time of Our Lives (2009). It was released on August 11, 2009, by Hollywood Records as the lead single from the project. The song was written and produced by Dr. Luke, with additional songwriting provided by Jessie J and Claude Kelly. "Party in the U.S.A." was originally intended for Jessie J, but after deciding it was not edgy enough for her, they passed it to Cyrus and adjusted the lyrics to fit her persona. Not completely identifying with "Party in the U.S.A.", Cyrus chose it for

This is a document about Miley Cyrus
  is confined to notions of femininity and consumerism. The Times journalist Craig McLean named Cyrus the "world's biggest-ever teenage star". Over the years, Cyrus's song "Party in the U.S.A." gained popularity in American culture on holidays and historic events. The song has re-entered the charts every Independence Day since its release. Following the death of Osama bin Laden on May 2, 2011, a resurgence in popularity of the music video occurred. The official YouTube video was flooded with comments regarding the death of bin Laden and it was immediately deemed a celebratory anthem for the event. In 2013, an online petition on the White House's "We the People"

This is a document about Party in the U.S.A.
  whose title is dominated by the words "party" and "U.S.A." Looking for anything more apt would be overthinking it. Cyrus' video [...] is stocked with a great many of those things we like and do well: a drive-in theater, trucks and muscle cars, Daisy Dukes, giant flags. It is, just like bin Laden's death, another convenient opportunity to celebrate ourselves." Following the 2020 United States presidential election, as major news outlets announced Democratic nominee Joe Biden the winner of the presidential race, on November 7, 2020, supporters in New York City started singing "Party in the U.S.A." at Times Square. This caused the song to re-enter the charts, breaking through the iTunes Top 200. Cyrus also tweeted a video in celebration of Biden's win, writing "Now THIS is a PARTY IN THE USA!"

This is a document about Dr. Luke
  2009, his song for Miley Cyrus, "Party in the U.S.A." co-written by Jessie J, reached number two on the chart. In December 2009, Billboard named him as one of the top 10 producers of the decade. On April 21, Gottwald was named Songwriter of the Year at the 2010 ASCAP Pop Music Awards and received 10 ASCAP Pop Music Awards for the year as the songwriter and publisher. He had received ten Pop Music Awards from ASCAP between 2006 and 2009. He was also named to Fast Company's 100 Most Creative People in Business, placing at number 33. Gottwald's co-production

This is a document about Elijah Daniel
 White House petition Work with Sydelko Television pilots Daniel led an online White House petition in 2013 to make the Miley Cyrus song "Party in the U.S.A." the U.S. national anthem. It received international coverage. Starting in 2014, he began hosting a weekly internet prank with CollegeHumor called Text Prank Thursday, where he would have his Twitter followers text random phone numbers saying whatever he told them to say. Daniel told Vice that he cultivated a group of followers online who appreciated his absurd and bizarre comedic antics. By 2016, his Twitter following had grown to over 95,000. In January 2017, Daniel and Sydelko released a parody video

This is a document about Party in the U.S.A.
  "Party in the U.S.A." is a song with a length of three minutes and twenty-three seconds. The song has been described as "reggae-powered pop tune". The song is set in common time and has a moderate tempo of 96 beats per minute. It is written in the key of F# major. Cyrus' vocals feature belter refrains. It follows the chord progression F#–A#m–D#m–C#. The song's instrumentation includes a "clash between feathery jazz guitar chords and a booming synth bassline serving as hook". The lyrics for "Party in the U.S.A." are written in first person, about Cyrus' relocation from Nashville, Tennessee to Hollywood, California. In the verses, she details occurrences in Hollywood, such as peers questioning her attire, that cause for her to feel homesick and intimidated. Towards the conclusion of each verse, the protagonist listens to her favorite Jay-Z and Britney Spears song, respectively, which leads to the refrains describing how her favorite songs make her feel more confident. Vicki Lutas of BBC interpreted, "However cringe it sounds, your favourite song can make you feel okay and feel more confident, even if you're not really."

This is a document about Made in the USA (song)
  a few changes to it. Lyrically, Made In The USA is inspired by "American romantic love stories" in the 1930s. Upon the album's release, Billboard stated the song was "the right comparison of bubblegum fun and Lovato's overpowering pipes" and compared the track to the song "Party in the U.S.A." by fellow former Disney Channel star Miley Cyrus. Billboard also described the song as "an up-tempo, red-white-and-blue-tinged celebration of everlasting love" and stated that the song contained a "wistful guitar lick and some fierce romanting statements". Lovato's vocals in the song span two octaves, two notes, and a semitone, from the low note of E3 to the high note of A5.

This is a document about Henry Alsberg
  party to celebrate the publication of the Washington guide, Alsberg and the Writers' Project were attacked on the Senate floor by Mississippi's Senator Bilbo in a tirade because a woman from his own state had been invited to a party that had both white and black guests. Bilbo later had his comments expunged from the Congressional Record. The American Guide Series was a necessary product to justify the project's existence, but Alsberg sympathized with the many writers who chafed at being confined to writing guidebooks and secretly allowed some project writers to focus on their own creative writing. One of those writers, Richard Wright, used the time to

This is a document about Party in the U.S.A.
  record the song's instrumentation, they decided to mingle computerized sound with "the warmth of live instrumentation", using live electric guitars and drums. Cyrus was pleased with the song and selected it partially due to a need of tracks for The Time of Our Lives. This is the first of several collaborations between Dr. Luke and Cyrus. Dr. Luke would later co-produce Cyrus' 2013 smash hit single "Wrecking Ball". Cyrus has stated "Party in the U.S.A." is not a reflection of her musically, as she preferred songs with more of an edge. She said the track was "an all-American song" and claimed she had never heard a Jay-Z song

This is a document about Morrie Ryskind
  For many years Ryskind had been a member of the Socialist Party of America, and during the 1930s he participated in party-sponsored activities, even performing sketches at antiwar events, but he split with the party's "Old Guard faction," led by Louis Waldman. His politics soon moved to the right. In 1940, Ryskind abandoned the Democratic Party, and he opposed President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's pursuit of a third term, writing the campaign song for that year's Republican Party presidential nominee, Wendell Willkie. He maintained some ties to the Socialist Party throughout the 1940s and served as a Vice Chairman of the Keep America Out of War Congress. Around then, he became a friend to writers Max Eastman, Ayn Rand, John

This is a document about American Party (1969)
  The American Party of the United States is a conservative political party in the United States. The party adheres to its Permanent Principles, which were established in 1969. The party began as part of the American Independent Party, supporters of George Wallace's 1968 campaign for the presidency, and was the formal name of the party on the ballot in Tennessee. In 1969, the AIP became the American Party at a convention attended by representatives from 37 states. Following the 1972 election, the American Party formally split from the American Independent Party. Both parties have nominated candidates for the presidency and other offices,

This is a document about Party in the U.S.A.
  Cyrus' world tours, the 2009 Wonder World Tour, the 2011 Gypsy Heart Tour, and the 2014 Bangerz Tour. At the 2009 Teen Choice Awards, Cyrus' use of a pole during a performance of "Party in the U.S.A.", which some interpreted to be a dance pole, caused a media uproar. Although co-writer Jessie J originally decided not to record "Party in the U.S.A." after writing it, she did eventually, among various other artists, perform a cover version of the song. "Party in the U.S.A." has also been parodied by "Weird Al" Yankovic. The song premiered on radio on July 28, 2009, before its official release.

This is a document about Miley Cyrus
  website was urging then-president Barack Obama to change the U.S. national anthem from "The Star-Spangled Banner" to "Party in the U.S.A." Following the 2020 presidential election, as major news outlets announced Democratic nominee Joe Biden the winner of the presidential race, on November 7, 2020, supporters in New York City started singing "Party in the U.S.A." at Times Square. Cyrus's album Bangerz (2013), along with its promotional events, is considered to be one of the most controversial moments in the 2010s wider popular culture and established Cyrus among the decade's most controversial figures. Glamour writer Mickey Woods likened the promotional "era" for the album to those of Britney

This is a document about Party in the U.S.A.
  Soon after signing a record deal with Lava Records, aspiring English singer Jessie J commenced work on her debut album. She collaborated with songwriters and producers Dr. Luke and Claude Kelly in her first writing session, where "Party in the U.S.A." was conceived with the intention of being performed by Jessie J. However, she decided not to record the song, believing its cheerful tone was at odds with the darker, edgy material she preferred. Jessie J. explained, "And I remember thinking this song is amazing, but I don't know if it's me 110 percent, you know. You can kind of feel it." The song reached Cyrus while she was

This is a document about Michael Dukakis
  Using the phenomenon termed the "Massachusetts Miracle" to promote his campaign, Dukakis sought the Democratic Party nomination for President of the United States in the 1988 United States presidential election, prevailing over a primary field that included Jesse Jackson, Dick Gephardt, Paul Simon, Gary Hart, Joe Biden and Al Gore, among others. Touching on his immigrant roots, Dukakis used Neil Diamond's ode to immigrants, "America", as the theme song for his campaign. Composer John Williams wrote "Fanfare for Michael Dukakis" in 1988 at the request of Dukakis's father-in-law, Harry Ellis Dickson. The piece was premiered under the baton of Dickson (then the Associate Conductor of the Boston Pops) at that year's Democratic National Convention. Dukakis won the Democratic nomination, with 2,877 out of 4,105

This is a document about Party in the U.S.A.
  the show. Host Jimmy Fallon sang lead (impersonating Neil Young), while playing an acoustic guitar and harmonica. Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young members David Crosby and Graham Nash joined to Fallon with vocal harmonies. Matthew Perpetua of Rolling Stone described it as "a sad, beautifully harmonized folk rendition of Miley Cyrus' 'Party in the U.S.A.' that manage[d] to make the joyful tween anthem sound like a vintage Sixties protest song." A parody titled "Party in the CIA" was included on "Weird Al" Yankovic's 13th studio album, Alpocalypse (2011). Prior to the 2012 London Olympics, the United States women's national soccer team made a video of the players lip-synching to the song; the video became very popular. In 2016, a rendition of "Party in the U.S.A", covered by Alana D, was featured in The Purge: Election Year.

This is a document about Party in the U.S.A.
  of the year's strongest ballads ('The Climb'), Cyrus continues to show off her impressive range." Ryan Brockington of The New York Post said that although the track was more mainstream than Cyrus' prior singles, he did not hate it. Vicki Lutas of BCC described "Party in the U.S.A." as "a breath of fresh air" while being "seriously stomping" and slightly relatable. She said the song's best attribute was Cyrus' voice and concluded that Cyrus contains an ability of making her voice sound interesting all the time. Upon listening to the track, Lutas feels that "suddenly you think someone else is in the room with you and you've got all the ingredients for, well, a huge party contained in one little song."

This is a document about Howard the Duck
  Party was a fictional political party that appeared in Gerber's Howard the Duck series during the U.S. Presidential campaign of 1976, and led to Howard the Duck allegedly receiving thousands of write-in votes in the actual election. Gerber addressed questions about the campaign in the letters column of the comic book and, as Mad Genius Associates, sold merchandise publicizing the campaign. Marvel attempted a spin-off with a short-lived Howard the Duck newspaper comic strip from 1977 to 1978, at first written by Gerber and drawn by Colan and Mayerik, later written by Marv Wolfman and drawn by Alan Kupperberg. Gerber gained

This is a document about Margot Kidder
  Kidder was a longtime supporter of the U.S. Democratic party and voiced her support for liberal causes throughout her career. She actively supported Jesse Jackson's bid for the Democratic nomination in the 1984 United States presidential election. In the early 1990s, during the first Gulf War, Kidder was branded a "Baghdad Betty" and subjected to abuse for her remarks questioning the war. In a piece called "Confessions of 'Baghdad Betty'", styled as a letter to her mother and printed in The Nation, Kidder responded by explaining and defending her statements. As of November 2009, Kidder was the Montana State Coordinator for Progressive Democrats

This is a document about Party in the U.S.A.
  Canada. , the song has sold six million in pure sales in the United States. In 2020, during an appearance on Jimmy Kimmel Live!, Cyrus officially received a plaque with an RIAA Diamond certification for "Party in the U.S.A.", making it one of the few songs in history to reach this milestone. The music video for "Party in the U.S.A.", directed by Chris Applebaum, pays tribute to the 1978 film Grease and Cyrus' parents' courting days. It occurs mainly at a drive-in theater and won the MuchMusic Video Award for Best International Artist Video at the 2010 award show. The song was performed live

"Party in the USA" was originally written for Jessie J, but was later passed on to Miley Cyrus and adapted for her.


Question: who does the voice for maui in moana

Answer: Dwayne Johnson

This is a document about Kapa o Pango
  Part of "Kapa o Pango" is performed by the character Maui (voiced by Dwayne Johnson) in Walt Disney Animation Studios' 2016 film Moana.

This is a document about Moana (2016 film)
  Moana (also known as Vaiana or Oceania in some markets) is a 2016 American 3D computer-animated musical adventure film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures. The 56th Disney animated feature film, the film is directed by Ron Clements and John Musker, and co-directed by Don Hall and Chris Williams, the film introduces Auliʻi Cravalho as Moana and features the voices of Dwayne Johnson, Rachel House, Temuera Morrison, Jemaine Clement, Nicole Scherzinger, and Alan Tudyk. The film features original songs written by Lin-Manuel Miranda, Opetaia Foa'i and Mark Mancina, and an orchestral score also composed by Mancina. The film tells the story of Moana, the strong-willed daughter of a chief of a Polynesian village, who is chosen by the ocean itself to reunite a mystical relic with the

This is a document about Māui (mythology)
  Maui appears as a main character in the 2016 Disney 3D computer-animated musical film Moana, in which he is voiced by Dwayne Johnson. Abandoned by his human parents as a baby, the gods took pity on him and made him a demigod and gave him a magic fish hook that gives him the ability to shape-shift. He went on to perform miracles to win back the love of humanity, each of which earned him an animated tattoo. He is fabled to have stolen the heart of Te Fiti, a powerful island goddess who creates life. The protagonist of the film, Moana, persuades him to help her return it. In his song "You're Welcome," composed by Lin-Manuel Miranda, Maui mentions and takes credit for several of the deeds he is credited with in folklore. This version of Maui incorporates elements from various Polynesian narratives. Maui was also the subject of Israel Kamakawiwoʻole's song "Maui Hawaiian Sup'pa Man" in his most well-known album, Facing Future, which is the highest selling Hawaiian album of all time.

This is a document about Peter Maivia
  In the 2016 Disney animated film, Moana, the character design of Maui was derived from photographs of Peter Maivia, according to interviews with his grandson, Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson, who voices Maui in the film.

This is a document about Māui (Hawaiian mythology)
  In the 2016 Disney computer-animated musical film Moana, the demigod Maui is voiced by Dwayne Johnson. Abandoned by his human parents as a baby, the gods took pity on him and made him a demigod and gave him a magic fish hook that gives him the ability to shapeshift. He went on to perform miracles to win back the love of humanity, each of which earned him an animated tattoo. He is fabled to have stolen the heart of Te Fiti, a powerful island goddess who creates life. The protagonist of the film, Moana, persuades him to help her return it. In his song "You're Welcome," composed by Lin-Manuel Miranda, Maui mentions and takes credit for several of the deeds he is credited with in folklore. This version of Maui incorporates elements of the Māui from Māori mythology and other Polynesian narratives. Maui was also the subject of Israel Kamakawiwo'ole's song "Maui Hawaiian Sup'pa Man" in his most well-known album, Facing Future, which is the highest selling Hawaiian album of all time.

This is a document about Moana (Disney character)
  Moana Waialiki of Motunui is the title character of Walt Disney Animation Studios' 56th animated feature Moana (2016). Created by directors Ron Clements and John Musker, Moana is originally voiced by Hawaiian actress and singer Auliʻi Cravalho. As a child, she is voiced by Louise Bush. Moana is set to appear in the Disney+ sequel series Moana: The Series, which will premiere in 2024. Inspired by Polynesian mythology, Moana is depicted as the strong-willed daughter of a chief of a Polynesian village, who is chosen by the ocean itself to reunite a mystical relic with the goddess Te Fiti. When a blight strikes her island, Moana sets sail in search of Maui (Dwayne Johnson), a legendary demigod, in the hope of returning the relic to Te Fiti and saving her people. Moana received widespread critical acclaim for her independence as well as Cravalho for her vocal performance. By 2019, Moana was officially inducted into the Disney Princess line-up, becoming the twelfth member.

This is a document about Moana (2016 film)
 Auliʻi Cravalho as Moana, the curious daughter of village chief Tui and his wife Sina, who is chosen by the ocean to restore the heart of Te Fiti ; Cravalho reprised her role in the Hawaiian-language version of the movie. ; Louise Bush as a younger Moana ; Dwayne Johnson as Maui, a legendary strong-willed yet easily annoyed shapeshifting demigod who sets off with Moana on her journey ; Rachel House as Tala, Tui's mother and Moana's paternal grandmother. Like Moana, Tala shares a passion for the ocean and the two have a very deep bond. ; House reprised her role in the Māori-language version of the movie. ; Temuera Morrison as Tui, Moana's overprotective father, who is chief of Motunui Island and

This is a document about Smule (app)
  Smule is an American music app initially released under the name Sing!, Karaoke in iOS platforms on 2012 and subsequently on Android in 2013. Smule expanded its music experience to include the web in 2016, albeit in a consultative format for now. In October 2017, Smule started offering official Disney duets starting with the song 'You're Welcome' with Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson's Moana character, Maui. It was the first of several animated duets that are available on the app. The Smule app also allows users to perform duets alongside many international artists such as Jason Derulo, Luis Fonsi, J Balvin, Charlie Puth, Polina Gagarina, and Siti Badriah. Smule was described as "the biggest music app you haven't heard of" adding that "fifty million people use it at

This is a document about Moana (2016 film)
  After the filmmakers sat through auditions of hundreds of candidates from across the Pacific, 14-year-old high school freshman Auliʻi Cravalho was cast as the lead character Moana. At that point in time, the design of Moana's face and personality was already complete, and Cravalho's obvious physical resemblance to her character was simply a coincidence. During animation production, Disney animators were able to integrate some of Cravalho's mannerisms into Moana's behavior as depicted onscreen. The majority of the film's cast members are of Polynesian descent: Auliʻi Cravalho (Moana) and Nicole Scherzinger (Sina, Moana's mother) were born in Hawaii and are of Native Hawaiian heritage; Dwayne Johnson (Maui), Oscar Kightley (Fisherman), and Troy Polamalu (Villager No. 1) are of Samoan heritage; and New Zealand-born Rachel House (Tala, Moana's grandmother), Temuera Morrison (Tui, Moana's father), and Jemaine Clement (Tamatoa) are of Māori heritage.

This is a document about Te Wiki o te Reo Māori
  The 2016 Disney film Moana was dubbed into Māori, premiering in Auckland on September 11 as a part of te Wiki o te Reo Māori 2017. Rachel House, Jemaine Clement, Temuera Morrison, and Oscar Kightley, all cast members of the original English language version of the film, reprised their respective roles in the te reo version. During the week, 30 theatres across the country held free screenings of the reo version.

This is a document about Moana (2016 film)
  the movie was announced, premiering in Auckland on September 11, with 30 theatres screening it for free as part of Māori Language Week. Rachel House, Jemaine Clement, Temuera Morrison, and Oscar Kightley reprised their respective roles in this version, directed by Rachel House herself. In contrast to the Tahitian dubbing, the Māori version was made available for purchase in Australia and New Zealand, and the soundtrack was uploaded on Disney's official Vevo channel. In November 2017, a Hawaiian-language dubbing was announced to be under way, with Aulii Cravalho reprising her role as Moana. The movie premiered on June 10, 2018, and, like the Tahitian version, it was later distributed for free in Hawaiian schools, but it was never released for sale on any home media form.

This is a document about Moana (2016 film)
  son. ; Morrison reprised his role in the Māori-language version of the movie. ; Christopher Jackson as Tui's singing voice ; Jemaine Clement as Tamatoa, a giant, villainous, treasure-hoarding coconut crab from Lalotai, the Realm of Monsters ; Clement reprised his role in the Māori-language version of the movie. ; Nicole Scherzinger as Sina, Moana's mother and Tui's wife and the chieftainess of the village. ; Scherzinger also reprised her role in the Hawaiian-language version of the movie. ; Alan Tudyk as Heihei, Moana's pet rooster ; Tudyk also voices Villager No. 3, an old man who suggests cooking Heihei ; Oscar Kightley as a fisherman ; Troy Polamalu as Villager No. 1 ; Puanani Cravalho (Auliʻi's mother) as Villager No. 2

This is a document about Moana (soundtrack)
  Jordan Fisher sing a duet on "You're Welcome", which plays over the end credits. The song as performed by Dwayne Johnson appears in the film. Johnson's version of "You're Welcome" peaked at number 83 on the Billboard Hot 100 for the week of December 17, 2016. The soundtrack also features Jemaine Clement, who voices the coconut crab Tamatoa. The album sold 509,000 copies in the United States by April 2017, making it the third soundtrack to surpass a half-million in sales that year after Suicide Squad and Trolls. Moana sold 709,000 copies and earned 1,254,000 album-equivalents, finishing as the country's fifth best-selling album of the year and had its ninth largest overall album consumption.

This is a document about On the Isle of Samoa
 Jon Hall as Kenneth Crandall ; Susan Cabot as Moana ; Raymond Greenleaf as Peter Appleton ; Henry Marco as Karaki ; Al Kikume as Chief Tihoti ; Rosa Turich as Waini

This is a document about Butterfly Crush
 Courtney Hale as Moana ; Hayley Fielding as Eva ; Richard Adams as Matt ; Amelia Shankley as Star ; Sally Kelleher as Angel

This is a document about How Far I'll Go
  and Trần Minh Như from Vietnam. Shortly thereafter, a 24-languages video was released on Disney's Vevo channel. In June 2017, a Māori-language version of the movie, featuring four voice-actors from the original English cast, was announced. Three weeks later, New Zealander Jaedyn Randell was introduced as Moana's voice. The movie was released in September 2017. In the same year, Shruti Rane (Hindi) reprised her role in the Bengali-language version of the movie. In November 2017, a Hawaiian-language dubbing was announced to be under way, with Auliʻi Cravalho reprising her role as Moana. The movie premiered on June 10, 2018.

This is a document about List of accolades received by Moana (2016 film)
  Moana is a 2016 American 3D computer-animated musical fantasy comedy adventure film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The film was directed by Ron Clements and John Musker, with Don Hall and Chris Williams as co-directors. Starring the voices of Auliʻi Cravalho and Dwayne Johnson, the film focuses on the story of Moana, the strong-willed daughter of the chief in a Polynesian tribe, who is chosen by the ocean itself to reunite a mystical relic with a goddess. When a blight strikes her island, Moana sets sail in search of Maui, a legendary demigod, in the hope of saving her people. The film had its world premiere at El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles on November 14, 2016 and was released to theaters on November 23, 2016. The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported 96% positive film-critic reviews, based on 218 reviews, with an average rating of 7.9/10 and Metacritic gave a score of 81 out of 100, based on 44 reviews.

This is a document about 1980 in animation
 January 16: Lin-Manuel Miranda, American actor, singer, and songwriter Moana, Encanto, voice of Fenton Crackshell-(Cabrera)/Gizmoduck on DuckTales).

This is a document about Voyage to the Planet of Prehistoric Women
 Mamie Van Doren as Moana ; Mary Marr as Verba ; Paige Lee as Twyla ; Judy Cowart ; Margot Hartman as Mayaway ; Irene Orton as Meriama ; Pam Helton as Wearie ; Frankie Smith as woman of Venus ; Robin Smith ; Adele Valentine

This is a document about Moana (Disney character)
  When the movie had its first theatrical release worldwide, it numbered 45 versions overall, including a special Tahitian-language dubbing created specifically for the movie. In June 2017, a Māori-language version of the movie, featuring four voice-actors from the original English cast, was announced. Three weeks later, New Zealander Jaedyn Randell was introduced as Moana's voice. The movie was released in September 2017. In the same year, Shruti Rane (Hindi) reprised her role in the Bengali-language version of the movie. In November 2017, a Hawaiian-language dubbing was announced to be underway, with Auliʻi Cravalho reprising her role as Moana. The movie premiered on June 10, 2018. In many European countries, Moana's name was changed to "Vaiana" due to a trademark conflict. The film was released in those countries to bear the alternative name in the title.

Dwayne Johnson voices Maui in the 2016 Disney animated film "Moana."