Question: who wrote notes on the state of virginia

Answer: Thomas Jefferson

This is a document about Notes on the State of Virginia
   Notes on the State of Virginia (1785) is a book written by the American statesman, philosopher, and planter Thomas Jefferson. He completed the first version in 1781 and updated and enlarged the book in 1782 and 1783. It originated in Jefferson's responses to questions about Virginia posed to each of the thirteen states in 1780 by François Barbé-Marbois, the Secretary of the French delegation in Philadelphia, the temporary capital of the Continental Congress. Notes on the State of Virginia is both a compilation of data by Jefferson about the state's natural resources and economy and his vigorous argument about the nature of the good society, which he believed to be incarnated by Virginia. He expressed his

This is a document about Thomas Jefferson
  Jefferson received a letter of inquiry in 1780 about the geography, history, and government of Virginia from French diplomat François Barbé-Marbois, who was gathering data on the United States. Jefferson included his written responses in a book, Notes on the State of Virginia (1785). He compiled the book over five years, including reviews of scientific knowledge, Virginia's history, politics, laws, culture, and geography. The book explores what constitutes a good society, using Virginia as an exemplar. Jefferson included extensive data about the state's natural resources and economy and wrote at length about slavery, miscegenation, and his belief that blacks and

This is a document about Carpenter Creek
  Carpenter Creek in western Virginia, now known as Potts Creek, was shown on a map of the area drawn by Joshua Fry and Peter Jefferson in 1751 and printed in 1755, and so called in the text of Thomas Jefferson's "Notes on the State of Virginia" that he prepared in the 1780s. Carpenter's Creek is also shown as such on John Ballendine's map of the James River published c1772 and Thomas Hutchins' map of the western regions of Virginia published in 1778. The creek later acquired the name Potts Creek from a settler who lived further up the valley at the headwaters of the creek on Potts Mountain. The Carpenter name persisted in occasional use through at least 1784, when in a report to George Washington it was confused with Dunlap's Creek,

This is a document about Notes on the State of Virginia
 R. B. Bernstein, Thomas Jefferson (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003; pbk, 2005) ISBN: 978-0-19-518130-2 ; , Book ; Robert A. Ferguson, Law and Letters in American Culture (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1984) ISBN: 978-0-674-51466-9 ; Dustin Gish and Daniel Klinghard. Thomas Jefferson and the Science of Republican Government: A Political Biography of Notes on the State of Virginia (Cambridge UP, 2017). x, 341 pp. ; Peter Kolchin, American Slavery, 1619-1877, New York: Hill and Wang, 1993; pbk, 1994 ; The Life and Selected Writings of Thomas Jefferson. The Modern Library, 1944. ; Thomas Jefferson: Writings: Autobiography / Notes on the State of Virginia / Public and Private Papers / Addresses / Letters (1984, ISBN: 978-0-940450-16-5) Library of America edition. ; David Tucker, Enlightened Republicanism: A Study of Jefferson's Notes on the State of Virginia (Lexington Books, 2008) ISBN: 978-0-7391-1792-7 ; David Walker, Appeal, 1830, electronic text, Documents of the American South, University of North Carolina

This is a document about Thomas Jefferson
  could not live together as free people in one society because of justified resentments of the enslaved. He also wrote of his views on the American Indian and considered them as equals in body and mind to European settlers. Notes was first published in 1785 in French and appeared in English in 1787. Biographer George Tucker considered the work "surprising in the extent of the information which a single individual had been thus able to acquire, as to the physical features of the state", and Merrill D. Peterson described it as an accomplishment for which all Americans should be grateful.

This is a document about Potts Creek
  The waterway was originally named Carpenter's Creek, as shown on a map of the area (view it here: ) drawn by Joshua Fry and Peter Jefferson in 1751 and printed in 1755, and so referred to in the text of Thomas Jefferson's "Notes on the State of Virginia" that he prepared in the 1780s. Carpenter's Creek is also shown as such on John Ballendine's map of the James River published c.1772 and Thomas Hutchins' map of the western regions of Virginia published in 1778. The creek later acquired the name Potts Creek from a settler who lived further up the valley at the

This is a document about Philosopher king
  Thomas Jefferson wrote Notes on the State of Virginia which was “part philosophical meditation”, He had a Philosophy degree from the College of William and Mary and he was also the Third President of the United States.

This is a document about Frank Shuffelton
  the founder of the Connecticut Colony; subsequent book publications were on Thomas Jefferson, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and other transcendentalists. Jefferson was one of his research interests, and besides many articles on his life and thought, he published two bibliographies of Jefferson, in 1983 and 1992. His intensive study of Jefferson led him to new insights on the material, and made him "an intellectual historian of discourse, gender, and ethnicity". In the 1990s, a series of "landmark articles" made him "a central critical voice in retheorizing early American letters". He was the editor for the Penguin edition of Jefferson's Notes on the State of Virginia, edited the letters

This is a document about Early life and career of Thomas Jefferson
  In 1780 Jefferson as governor received numerous questions about Virginia, posed to him by François Barbé-Marbois, then Secretary of the French delegation in Philadelphia, the temporary capital of the united colonies, who intended to gather pertinent data on the American colonies. Jefferson's responses to Marbois' "Queries" would become known as Notes on the State of Virginia (1785). Scientifically trained, Jefferson was a member of the American Philosophical Society, which had been founded in Philadelphia in 1743. He had extensive knowledge of western lands from Virginia to Illinois. In a course of five years, Jefferson enthusiastically devoted his intellectual energy to the book; he included a discussion of contemporary scientific knowledge, and Virginia's history, politics, and ethnography. Jefferson was aided

This is a document about Thomas Walker (explorer)
  Virginia at the Treaty of Fort Stanwix and Treaty of Lochaber (1770), and dealt with the peace negotiations after the Battle of Point Pleasant. In 1775, Walker served as a Virginia commissioner in negotiations with representatives of the Iroquois Six Nations in Pittsburgh, as the colonies tried to engage them as allies against the British. He is credited as the first to discover and use coal in Kentucky. Due to his broad knowledge of the areas and their resources, Walker became an adviser to Thomas Jefferson from 1780 to 1783 as the future President wrote his Notes on the State of Virginia (1785).

This is a document about Rosewell (plantation)
  Rosewell Mansion and part of its history were described by author James Joseph McDonald in "Life In Old Virginia" (Norfolk, Va.: The Old Virginia Publishing Co., 1907) thus: "The mansion is substantially built of brick, three story and basement. The foundation walls are three and one-half feet thick. The reception hall is large, the ceilings lofty, and the whole mansion is indicative of refined taste and wealth. From the upper windows, a magnificent view is had of the surrounding level lands and the waters of the creeks and the York River." During the life of Governor Page, Thomas Jefferson was a frequent and welcome visitor there. On one of his visits, he wrote the rough draft of the Declaration of Independence in what is

This is a document about Virginia literature
  A printing press began operating in Jamestown, Virginia, in 1682. Colonial- and Federal-era writers included John Smith (True Relation of Occurrences and Accidents in Virginia, 1608); Robert Beverley, Jr. (History and Present State of Virginia, 1705); Arthur Blackamore (Religious Triumverate, 1720); Thomas Jefferson (Notes on the State of Virginia, 1785). Literary figures of the antebellum period included Edgar Allan Poe and Virginia-born writers William Alexander Caruthers (1802–1846), John Esten Cooke (1830-1886), Philip Pendleton Cooke (1816 -1850), Nathaniel Beverley Tucker (1784-1851). The Southern Literary Messenger launched in Richmond in 1834. Marion Fontaine Cabell Tyree's Housekeeping in Old Virginia, a cookbook, was published in Richmond in 1878.

This is a document about Thomas Jefferson and slavery
  silent in that awful moment!" Jefferson's Ordinance of 1784 did influence the Ordinance of 1787, that prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory. In 1785, Jefferson published his first book, Notes on the State of Virginia. In it, he argued that blacks were inferior to whites and this inferiority could not be explained by their condition of slavery. Jefferson stated emancipation and colonization away from America would be the best policy on how to treat blacks and added a warning about the potential for slave revolutions in the future: "I tremble for my country when I reflect that God is just: that his justice cannot sleep for ever: that considering numbers, nature

This is a document about Thomas Jefferson and education
  In 1780 Jefferson as governor received numerous questions about Virginia, posed to him by François Barbé-Marbois, then Secretary of the French delegation in Philadelphia, the temporary capital of the united colonies, who intended to gather pertinent data on the American colonies. Jefferson's responses to Marbois' "Queries" would become known as Notes on the State of Virginia (1785). Scientifically trained, Jefferson was a member of the American Philosophical Society, which had been founded in Philadelphia in 1743. He had extensive knowledge of western lands from Virginia to Illinois. In a course of 5 years, Jefferson enthusiastically devoted his intellectual energy to the book; he included a discussion

This is a document about Notes on the State of Virginia
  Notes was anonymously published in Paris in a limited private edition of 200 copies in 1785. A French translation by Abbé Morellet appeared in 1787(though with an imprint date of 1786). Its first public edition, issued by John Stockdale in London, began to be sold in 1787. It was the only full-length book by Jefferson published that was during his lifetime though he issued a Manual of Parliamentary Practice for the Use of the Senate of the United States, generally known as Jefferson's Manual, in 1801. Notes includes some of Jefferson's most memorable statements of belief in political, legal, and constitutional principles like the separation of church and state, constitutional government, checks and balances, and individual liberty.

This is a document about Culture of the United States
  evolved into the American character. Of the total population in each colony, they numbered from 30% in Pennsylvania to 85% in Massachusetts. Large non-English immigrant populations from the 1720s to 1775, such as the Germans (100,000 or more), Scotch Irish (250,000), added enriched and modified the English cultural substrate. The religious outlook was some versions of Protestantism (1.6% of the population were English, German and Irish Catholics). Jeffersonian democracy was a foundational American cultural innovation, which is still a core part of the country's identity. Thomas Jefferson's Notes on the State of Virginia was perhaps the first influential domestic cultural critique by an American and was written

This is a document about Gateway to the Great Books
  United Nations ; Universal Declaration of Human Rights ; Thomas Paine, "A Call to Patriots – December 23, 1776" ; George Washington, "Circular Letter to the Governors of All the States on Disbanding the Army"; "The Farewell Address" ; Thomas Jefferson, "The Virginia Constitution" from Notes on the State of Virginia; "First Inaugural Address"; "Biographical Sketches" ; Benjamin Franklin, "A Proposal for Promoting Useful Knowledge among the British Plantations in America", "Proposals Relating to the Education of Youth in Pennsylvania" ; Jean de Crevecoeur, "The Making of Americans" from Letters from an American Farmer ; Alexis de Tocqueville, "Observations on American Life and Government"

This is a document about Judith Lomax
  Governor and U.S. Representative John Page; the couple were her aunt and uncle by marriage. She was a self-declared admirer of the works of Ossian. Her book of verse, Notes of an American Lyre, was published in Richmond, Virginia in 1813, with a dedication to Thomas Jefferson. She is known to have visited Jefferson, a former acquaintance of her father's, at Monticello and written verse about the house during her career. Eleven of her poems were sent by her father to St. George Tucker for criticism; they are today held in the special collections library of the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg.

This is a document about Thomas Batts
  The History and Present State of Virginia, in Four Parts published in 1705 and written by Robert Beverly (coincidentally, son-in-law of William Byrd I, stated elsewhere herein) states that William Berkeley "was also resolv'd to make new Discoveries abroad amongst the Indians" and "For this End he employ'd a small Company of about Fourteen English, and as many Indians, under the Command of Captain Henry Batt, to go upon such an Adventure." and "they set out together from Appamattox". He states that the "Indians which Capt. Batt had with him, made a Halt, and would positively proceed no further. They said, that not far off from that Place, lived a Nation

This is a document about Rivanna River
  Monacan Indians were the inhabitants of the Rivanna valley at the time of first contact by Europeans. The locations of several sites from the period are known, and some have been explored by archaeologists. One in particular, a mound postulated to be the site of ritual burial and of spiritual significance to the tribe, is located near the confluence of the two forks of the river and was documented by Thomas Jefferson in his 1781 work Notes on the State of Virginia. Several major population centers of the tribe were located along the Rivanna, including Monasukapanough, near the headwaters of the river, and Rassawek, the principal town of the tribe, located at the

Thomas Jefferson wrote "Notes on the State of Virginia."


Question: who played bane in the dark knight rises

Answer: Tom Hardy

This is a document about The Dark Knight Rises
  The Dark Knight Rises is a 2012 superhero film directed by Christopher Nolan, who co-wrote the screenplay with his brother Jonathan Nolan, and the story with David S. Goyer. Based on the DC Comics character Batman, it is the final installment in Nolan's The Dark Knight trilogy, and the sequel to The Dark Knight (2008). The film stars Christian Bale as Bruce Wayne / Batman, alongside Michael Caine, Gary Oldman, Anne Hathaway, Tom Hardy, Marion Cotillard, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, and Morgan Freeman. Eight years after the events of The Dark Knight, the revolutionary Bane forces Bruce Wayne to resume his role as Batman

This is a document about Bane in other media
  Bane appears in The Dark Knight Rises, portrayed by Tom Hardy. Intending to portray the character as "more menacing" than the Batman & Robin incarnation, Hardy gained 14 kg of muscle for the role, increasing his weight to 90 kg. Prior to the film's release, Bane's voice received some criticism for being unintelligible due to his mask. Speaking to Entertainment Weekly, Christopher Nolan said "I think when people see the film, things will come into focus. Bane is very complex and very interesting and when people see the finished film people will be very entertained by him." "We wanted a very physical monster. We wanted

This is a document about Christopher Nolan
  Dark Knight Rises, with Christian Bale reprising the title role. Although Nolan was initially hesitant about returning to the series, he agreed to come back after developing a story with his brother and David S. Goyer that he felt would end the series on a high note. The film was released in July 2012 to positive reviews; Andrew O'Hehir of Salon called it "auteurist spectacle on a scale never before possible and never before attempted". Christy Lemire of The Associated Press wrote in her review that Nolan concluded his trilogy in a "typically spectacular, ambitious fashion", but disliked the

This is a document about The Dark Knight Rises
 Christian Bale as Bruce Wayne / Batman: Michael Caine as Alfred Pennyworth: Gary Oldman as James Gordon: Anne Hathaway as Selina Kyle / Catwoman: Tom Hardy as Bane: Marion Cotillard as Miranda Tate / Talia al Ghul: Joey King as Young Talia al Ghul. ; Joseph Gordon-Levitt as John Blake: Morgan Freeman as Lucius Fox: A billionaire socialite who dedicates himself to protecting Gotham City from its criminal underworld, as a feared vigilante. Nolan has stated that, due to the eight-year gap between The Dark Knight and The Dark Knight Rises, "he's an older Bruce Wayne; he's not in a

This is a document about Batman in film
  Following a rejected Batman origin story reboot Joss Whedon pitched in December 2002, Warner Bros. hired Christopher Nolan and David S. Goyer to script Batman Begins. The duo aimed for a darker and more realistic tone, with humanity and realism being the basis of the film. The film was primarily shot in the United Kingdom and Chicago, and relied on traditional stunts and scale models with minimal use of computer-generated imagery. Christian Bale starred as Batman, Liam Neeson as Ra's al Ghul, and Cillian Murphy as Jonathan Crane/The Scarecrow. Katie Holmes appears in the movie as Wayne's love interest, Rachel Dawes, a role created for the film. Alfred Pennyworth was played by Michael Caine and Jim Gordon was portrayed by Gary Oldman. A new Batmobile (called the Tumbler) and a more mobile Batsuit were both created specifically for the film. The film begins with the death of Bruce's parents

This is a document about Christian Bale
  gained wider recognition for his portrayals of serial killer Patrick Bateman in the black comedy American Psycho (2000) and the titular role in the psychological thriller The Machinist (2004). In 2005, Bale played superhero Batman in Batman Begins and reprised the role in the sequels The Dark Knight (2008) and The Dark Knight Rises (2012), garnering acclaim for his performance in the trilogy, which is one of the highest-grossing film franchises. Bale continued in starring roles in a range of films outside his work as Batman, including the period drama The Prestige (2006), the action film Terminator Salvation (2009), the crime drama Public Enemies (2009), the epic

This is a document about Batman Begins
  Batman Begins is a 2005 superhero film directed by Christopher Nolan and written by Nolan and David S. Goyer. Based on the DC Comics character Batman, it stars Christian Bale as Bruce Wayne / Batman, with Michael Caine, Liam Neeson, Katie Holmes, Gary Oldman, Cillian Murphy, Tom Wilkinson, Rutger Hauer, Ken Watanabe, and Morgan Freeman in supporting roles. The film reboots the Batman film series, telling the origin story of Bruce Wayne from the death of his parents to his journey to become Batman and his fight to stop Ra's al Ghul and the Scarecrow from plunging Gotham City into chaos. Nolan and Goyer

This is a document about Bane in other media
  Bane was originally a comic book character and Batman's adversary, but has appeared in several other forms of media. He has been portrayed by Robert Swenson in Batman & Robin, Tom Hardy in The Dark Knight Rises, and Shane West in Gotham. Henry Silva, Joaquim de Almeida, Ron Perlman, Clancy Brown, Michael Dorn, Danny Trejo, Héctor Elizondo, Carlos Alazraqui, Fred Tatasciore, Jason Liebrecht, Steve Blum, JB Blanc, Doug Benson, and James Adomian have all provided voice work for the character. Peter Marinker voices Bane in the radio adaption of Batman: Knightfall.

This is a document about Bruce Wayne (Dark Knight trilogy)
  Method, and performed many of his own stunts. He reprised the role again for the sequel The Dark Knight Rises, released on July 20, 2012. Of all the actors who have portrayed Batman on film, Bale did so for the longest time period. Following a shooting at a midnight showing of The Dark Knight Rises, he visited survivors in an Aurora, Colorado hospital. Despite the success of the Dark Knight trilogy, Bale decided not to return for a potential fourth film appearance as Batman out of respect for Christopher Nolan's creative direction and the fact that the trilogy provided a full arc for the character.

This is a document about Cillian Murphy
  Murphy starred as Dr. Jonathan Crane in Christopher Nolan's Batman Begins (2005). Originally asked to audition for the role of Bruce Wayne/Batman, Murphy never saw himself as having the right physique for the superhero, but leapt at the chance to connect with director Nolan. Though the lead went to Christian Bale, Nolan was so impressed with Murphy that he gave him the supporting role of Dr. Crane, whose alter ego is supervillain Scarecrow. Nolan told Spin magazine, "He has the most extraordinary eyes, and I kept trying to invent excuses for him to take his glasses off in close-ups." He starred

This is a document about Christian Bale
  it as "nationalistic", "anti-Japanese" and "too long, too melodramatic, too lightweight". Bale played Batman again under Christopher Nolan's direction in the sequel The Dark Knight Rises, released in July 2012. He described Batman in the film as a remorseful recluse in poor mental and physical health, who has surrendered following the events of The Dark Knight. Following the shooting at a midnight showing of the film in Aurora, Colorado, Bale and his wife visited survivors, doctors and first responders at The Medical Center of Aurora as well as a memorial to victims. The Dark Knight Rises was the 11th film to

This is a document about Warner Bros. Museum
  flame (in this movie played by Maggie Gyllenhaal), before her death. ; Original props and costumes from The Dark Knight Rises - the outfit worn by Tom Hardy, who portrayed Bane, Bane's bomb, the "Alfred Pennyworth" outfit worn by Michael Caine, the original costumes worn by Gary Oldman, Joseph Gordon-Levitt and Marion Cotillard, who portrayed in the film Commissioner James Gordon, John Blake and Miranda Tate/Talia al Ghul respectively and others. ; Props and costumes from Sweeney Todd, Mars Attacks!, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and Corpse Bride. ; Props and costumes from the Harry Potter films, including the "Sorting Hat". ; The martial

This is a document about Robin in other media
  In a June 2005 interview, Christopher Nolan, the director of Batman Begins and The Dark Knight, said that as long as he was directing the franchise, Robin would not be appearing. Since Christian Bale was portraying Batman as a young man at the time of "Year One", Dick Grayson is still a child at this point. Bale has also given the same opinion regarding Robin, even though his favorite Batman story, Batman: Dark Victory, focuses on Robin's origin. The Dark Knight Rises, the third (and final) film of the trilogy, features a character named Robin John Blake (Joseph Gordon Levitt), who, like Dick Grayson, is an orphan who grows up to become a police officer. He deduces Batman's identity, forms an alliance with him, and ultimately inherits the Batcave. Writer Jonathan Nolan stated the character's first name was "a wink" to the audience that references the character of Robin.

This is a document about Batman Begins
  Jensen (Wonder Woman) ; James Mangold (Logan) ; Simon Kinberg (Dark Phoenix) ; Andrew Kosove (Blade Runner 2049) ; Todd Phillips (Joker) ; Cathy Yan (Birds of Prey) Batman Begins has been cited as one of the most influential films of the 2000s. On the film's 10th anniversary, Forbes published an article describing its lasting influence: "Reboot became part of our modern vocabulary, and superhero origin stories became increasingly envogue for the genre. The phrase "dark and gritty" likewise joined the cinematic lexicon, influencing our perception of different approaches to storytelling not only in the comic book film genre but in all sorts of other genres as well." In 2020, Empire magazine named it as one of "The

This is a document about Bruce Wayne (Dark Knight trilogy)
  Christian Bale's portrayal of Batman has received widespread critical acclaim, even though Bale himself has said he could have given a better performance. Before the premiere of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (which saw Ben Affleck take on the role), The Guardian surveyed the previous Batman actors, including Bale, and judged him to be the best Batman due to his balanced and realistic portrayal of the character, especially in Batman Begins, stating that "Bale gave us a Batman we could believe in, in more ways than one." To date, The Dark Knight and The Dark Knight Rises are Bale's most financially successful films, and all three films in the Dark Knight Trilogy are often regarded as some of the greatest superhero films of all time. While he was an established actor prior to his casting, Bale gained more international exposure due to his role as Batman. He received numerous award nominations for the role spanning across the three films, including winning Best Actor at the Empire Awards.

This is a document about Batman Begins (video game)
 Christian Bale as Bruce Wayne/Batman ; Michael Caine as Alfred Pennyworth ; Liam Neeson as Henri Ducard/Ra's al Ghul ; Katie Holmes as Rachel Dawes ; Gavin Hammon as Sergeant James Gordon ; Cillian Murphy as Dr. Jonathan Crane/The Scarecrow ; Tom Wilkinson as Carmine Falcone ; Morgan Freeman as Lucius Fox ; Tim Booth as Victor Zsasz ; Mark Boone Junior as Detective Arnold Flass ; Fred Tatasciore as Ra's al Ghul (decoy) Batman Begins producer Emma Thomas and cinematographer Wally Pfister make cameo appearances in the game as an Arkham Asylum doctor and a Falcone mobster, respectively.

This is a document about Dubbing (filmmaking)
  Andie MacDowell's Jane, in Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes, who was dubbed by Glenn Close ; Tom Hardy, who portrayed Bane in The Dark Knight Rises, re-dubbed half of his own lines for ease of viewer comprehension ; Harvey Keitel was dubbed by Roy Dotrice in post production for Saturn 3 ; Dave Coulier dubbed replacement of swear words for Richard Pryor in multiple TV versions of his movies ; Doug Jones was dubbed by Laurence Fishburne in post production for Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer Automated dialogue replacement (ADR) is the process of re-recording dialogue by the original actor (or a replacement actor) after the

This is a document about The Dark Knight Rises
  the best action movies of the decade. In 2019, on a poll held by LADbible, The Dark Knight Rises was voted as the best film of the decade 2010–2019. The Daily Telegraph has frequently named it #1 on the 25 best superhero films of all time, and it was also featured it on the 100 greatest films of all time in 2018. In 2014, Aidan Gillen's character in the film, CIA operative Bill Wilson, became the subject of an Internet meme popular among 4chan users known as "Baneposting", which references the dialogue between Wilson and Bane in the film's opening plane scene.

This is a document about Christopher Nolan
  In early 2003, Nolan approached Warner Bros. with the idea of making a new Batman film, based on the character's origin story. Nolan was fascinated by the notion of grounding it in a world more reminiscent of classical drama than comic-book fantasy. He relied heavily on traditional stunts and miniature effects during filming, with minimal use of computer-generated imagery. Batman Begins, the biggest project Nolan had undertaken to that point, premiered in June 2005 to critical acclaim and commercial success. Starring Christian Bale in the title role, along with Michael Caine, Gary Oldman, Morgan Freeman, and Liam Neeson, the film

This is a document about Cinematic style of Christopher Nolan
  Caine has described Nolan as "one of cinema's greatest directors", comparing him favourably with the likes of David Lean, John Huston, and Joseph L. Mankiewicz. Nolan is known for casting stars from the 1980s in his films, i.e. Rutger Hauer (Batman Begins), Eric Roberts (The Dark Knight), Tom Berenger (Inception), and Matthew Modine (The Dark Knight Rises). Modine said of working with Nolan, "There are no chairs on a Nolan set, he gets out of his car and goes to the set. And he stands up until lunchtime. And then he stands up until they say 'Wrap'. He's fully engaged – in every aspect of the film."

Tom Hardy played the role of Bane in The Dark Knight Rises.


Question: record for most runs scored in a major league baseball game

Answer: 7

This is a document about Run (baseball)
  The record for most runs scored by a major-league team during a single season is 1,212, set by the Boston Beaneaters (now the Atlanta Braves) in 1894. The modern-day record is 1,067, achieved by the New York Yankees in 1931. The team record for most consecutive games with at least one run scored (i.e., most consecutive games not being shut out) is 308, set by the Yankees between August 3, 1931, and August 2, 1933. The team record for most runs in its overall history (up until 2013) is the Chicago Cubs with 94,138. The record for most runs scored by a team in a single game is 36, set by the Chicago Colts (now the Chicago Cubs) against the Louisville Colonels (which joined

This is a document about Run (baseball)
  National League in 1892) on June 29, 1897. The modern-day record of 30 was set on August 22, 2007, by the Texas Rangers against the Baltimore Orioles. The National League record was set by the Atlanta Braves with 29 runs against the Miami Marlins on September 9, 2020. The highest combined score in a game is 49 runs on August 25, 1922, when the Chicago Cubs defeated the Philadelphia Phillies 26–23. The record for most runs scored by a team in a single inning is 18, set by the Chicago White Stockings (now the Chicago Cubs) against the Detroit Wolverines on September 6, 1883. The modern-day record is 17, achieved by the Boston Red Sox against the Detroit Tigers on June 18, 1953.

This is a document about Run (baseball)
  The career record for most runs scored by a major-league player is 2,295, held by Rickey Henderson (1979–2003). The season record for most runs scored is 198, set by Billy Hamilton of the Philadelphia Phillies in 1894. The so-called modern-day record (1900 and after) is 177, achieved by Babe Ruth of the New York Yankees in 1921. The record for most seasons leading one of the major leagues in runs scored is 8, held by Babe Ruth (American League: 1919–21, 1923, 1924, 1926–28). The record for most consecutive games with at least one run scored is 18, shared by the Yankees' Red Rolfe (August 9–August 25, 1939) and the Cleveland Indians' Kenny Lofton

This is a document about Run (baseball)
  The Yankees' Mickey Mantle holds the record for most career World Series runs scored with 42 (1951–53, 1955–58, 1960–64). The record for most runs scored in a single World Series, shared by two players, is 10, achieved both times in a six-game Series: Reggie Jackson of the Yankees was the first to do it, in 1977; the Toronto Blue Jays' Paul Molitor equaled him in 1993. The most runs ever scored by a player in a World Series game is 4, a record shared by ten players. Babe Ruth set the mark on October 6, 1926, while with the Yankees; it was matched most recently by Albert Pujols of the St. Louis Cardinals in Game 3 of the 2011 World Series. On October 2, 1936, playing the New York Giants, the Yankees set the team record for most runs scored in a single World Series game with 18. Players crossed the plate a record 29 times in the highest-scoring World Series game in history on October 20, 1993, as the Blue Jays beat the Phillies 15–14 at Veterans Stadium in Game 4 of the 1993 World Series.

This is a document about Run (baseball)
  15–September 3, 2000). The record for most runs scored by a player in a single game is 7, set by Guy Hecker of the American Association's Louisville Colonels on August 15, 1886. The modern-day record of 6 is shared by fourteen players (eight of whom attained it before 1900). Of the six modern-day players to score 6 runs in a game, the first to perform the feat was Mel Ott of the New York Giants on August 4, 1934 (he repeated the accomplishment ten years later, making him the only player ever to do it twice); the most recent was Shawn Green, then of the Los Angeles Dodgers, on May 23, 2002.

This is a document about 2020 Major League Baseball season
  on August 30. ; Set the Major League record for most runs in a single inning in a postseason game by scoring 11 runs in the first inning of Game 3 of the 2020 National League Championship Series against the Atlanta Braves on October 14. ; Atlanta Braves: ; Set a National League record for runs scored in a game in the modern era (since 1900) with a 29–9 win over the Miami Marlins on September 9. The Braves broke the record of 28 that was set in 1929 by the St. Louis Cardinals. Among these runs, 18 were home

This is a document about 2016 New York Mets season
 Most runs scored in a game: 17 runs (September 25 vs Philadelphia) ; Most runs allowed in a game: 13 runs (August 17 vs Arizona) ; Most hits in a game: 22 hits (July 3 vs Chicago) ; Longest winning streak: 8 (April 22 - April 30) ; Longest losing streak: 4 (April 9–12, May 12–15, June 26–29, July 27–30, August 9–12)  Games played as of October 1, 2016.

This is a document about 2008 in baseball
  a nine-inning game. Besides, Rangers starter Scott Feldman became the first major league pitcher to allow 12 runs and not take the loss since Gene Packard of the St. Louis Cardinals got the win in a 16–12 victory over the Philadelphia Phillies on August 3, 1918. The 36 runs tied a 58-year-old record for most runs scored in an American League game, which was set on June 29, 1950, when the Red Sox beat the Philadelphia Athletics 22–14. The teams totaled 37 hits. ; Four days after tying the record, Brad Ziegler sets an Oakland record (though not an all-time Athletics record) with

This is a document about Run differential
  The best run differential in an MLB season is +411, set by the 1939 New York Yankees, who scored 967 runs and allowed 556 runs. The worst run differential was by the 1899 Cleveland Spiders at -723 (529 runs scored, 1252 runs allowed). The highest run differential in a single game in major league history is 29, when the Chicago Colts (now the Cubs) beat the Louisville Colonels 36–7 on June 29, 1897, and the record in baseball's modern era (since 1900) is 27, when the Texas Rangers beat the Baltimore Orioles 30–3 on August 22, 2007. The biggest run differential in a shutout is 22, when the Cleveland Indians defeated the New York Yankees 22–0 on August 31, 2004.

This is a document about List of Major League Baseball single-inning runs batted in leaders
  The Major League Baseball (MLB) leaders in runs batted in (RBI) in one inning are topped by record holder Fernando Tatís, then with the St. Louis Cardinals, who set the MLB record with eight RBI in a 1999 game in which he hit two grand slams in the third inning of a game against the Los Angeles Dodgers. Alex Rodriguez set the American League mark, with seven RBI in the sixth inning of the New York Yankees' final game of the 2009 season, played against the Tampa Bay Rays. Under Major League Baseball rule 10.04, a batter is credited with a Run Batted In

This is a document about 2014 Cincinnati Reds season
 Most Runs Scored in a game: 14 (9/5 vs. NYM) ; Most Runs Allowed in a game: 18 (9/5 vs. NYM) ; Most Hits in a Game: 19 (6/15 vs. MIL) ; Longest Winning Streak: 5 games (7/6–7/9) ; Longest Losing Streak: 7 games (8/17–8/27)

This is a document about 2007 Texas Rangers season
  On August 22, the Rangers scored an all-time American League record of 30 runs in one game against the Orioles. The final was 30–3. Texas' 30 runs broke the AL record and modern major-league record set by the 1950 Red Sox and tied by the 1955 White Sox, and were the most scored by any team since the Chicago Colts hung 36 runs on Louisville in a game in 1897.

This is a document about 2015 New York Mets season
 Most Runs Scored in a game: 16 (8/24 vs. PHI) ; Most Runs Allowed in a game: 14 (9/1 vs. PHI) ; Most Hits in a Game: 21 (7/25 vs. LAD) ; Longest Winning Streak: 11 games (4/12–4/23) Ties franchise record ; Longest Losing Streak: 7 games (6/17–6/24)

This is a document about List of Major League Baseball single-game runs scored leaders
  against the Baltimore Orioles in the American Association on August 15, 1886, setting the record for professional baseball. Hecker is also the only pitcher to score as many as six runs in a game. In addition, Hecker collected six hits, another unique accomplishment for a pitcher. Shawn Green's six run game set the Major League record for total bases (19) and tied the Major League records for home runs (4) and extra-base hits (5). Five players on this list also collected six hits on their way to scoring six runs: King Kelly, Ginger Beaumont, Edgardo Alfonzo, Shawn Green and Joe Randa. The record for runs in a postseason game is five.

This is a document about May 1975
 The one millionth run in Major League Baseball history was scored by Bob Watson of the Houston Astros, during a game against the Giants in San Francisco. By the end of the 1973 season,  sportscaster Mark Sackler calculated that 981,823 runs had been scored since the National League began play in 1876 and the American League in 1901; and before the start of the 1975 season the mark was 997,869.  When the count reached 999,500 MLB set up a center in New York City to record each additional run at the moment that the batter finished rounding the bases.  After Claudell Washington of Oakland registered #999,999 against the White Sox at 3:26 pm New York time, both Watson (in San Francisco) and the Reds'  Dave Concepción (in Cincinnati, against Atlanta)

This is a document about 1925 St. Louis Browns season
  On April 14, the Cleveland Indians set the record for most runs scored by a team on Opening Day. The Indians scored 21 runs in a 21–14 win over the St. Louis Browns.

This is a document about 2007 Major League Baseball season
  modern Major League (post-1900) record for runs scored in a game, and became the first team since the Chicago Colts scored 36 runs against the Louisville Colonels in 1897 to score at least 30 runs in a game. The previous record was 29, first set by the Boston Red Sox in 1950 at Fenway Park against the Orioles' predecessors, the St. Louis Browns, and equaled at Municipal Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, in 1955 by the Chicago White Sox against the Kansas City Athletics, who had moved from Philadelphia the year before. The Rangers won the nightcap, 9–7 and extended the newly-set record for most runs in a doubleheader in the American

This is a document about Major League Baseball Wild Card Game
 Single team ; Most runs scored: 12, New York Yankees vs. Cleveland Indians, Game 1 of the 2020 ALWC ; Most hits: 17, Arizona Diamondbacks vs. Colorado Rockies, 2017 NLWC Both teams ; Most runs scored: 20, St. Louis Cardinals (9) vs. San Diego Padres (11), Game 1 of the 2020 NLWC ; Most hits: 30, Colorado Rockies (13) vs. Arizona Diamondbacks (17), 2017 NLWC Other ; Largest run differential: 9, New York Yankees (12) vs. Cleveland Indians (3), Game 1 of the 2020 ALWC ; Longest game, by time: 295 minutes (4:55), Colorado Rockies vs. Chicago Cubs, 2018 NLWC ; Longest game, by innings: 13, shared by: ; Colorado Rockies vs. Chicago Cubs, 2018 NLWC ; Cincinnati Reds vs. Atlanta Braves, Game 1 of the 2020 NLWC

This is a document about Game score
   The highest game score for a nine-inning game in the history of baseball is Kerry Wood's one-hit, no walk, 20-strikeout shutout performance for the Chicago Cubs against the Houston Astros on May 6, 1998. His game score was 105 (50 + 27 + 10 + 20 – 2). This is also notable for occurring in Wood's rookie season and was only his fifth start in the major leagues. The highest game score for a no-hitter occurred on October 3, 2015, when Max Scherzer of the Washington Nationals allowed no hits and no walks, striking out 17, against the New York Mets. This

This is a document about May 1979
 In one of the highest scoring major league baseball games of the 20th century, in which the score was 7 to 6 after the first inning, the Philadelphia Phillies defeated the Chicago Cubs, 23 to 22 at Wrigley Field in Chicago. The highest-ever scoring game, coincidentally, took place at Wrigley Field between the same two teams on August 25, 1922, when the Chicago Cubs beat the Philadelphia Phillies, 26 to 23.

The record for most runs scored in a major league baseball game is 19, which was scored by the Chicago White Sox against the Detroit Tigers on August 23, 1901.


Question: who is the head of government in austria

Answer: Sebastian Kurz

This is a document about Politics of Austria
  Austria's head of state is the Federal President (Bundespräsident), elected by popular vote for a term of six years and limited to two consecutive terms of office. Former president Heinz Fischer was elected for a second term on 25 April 2010. He was succeeded by President Alexander Van der Bellen, who was elected on 4 December 2016. The office of the Federal President is largely ceremonial, although the constitution allows the president to dismiss the cabinet as a whole or to dissolve the National Council and call new elections.

This is a document about Government of Austria
  The Government of Austria (Österreichische Bundesregierung) is the executive cabinet of the Republic of Austria. It is composed of the Chancellor, who is head of government, the Vice-Chancellor, and the ministers.

This is a document about Politics of Austria
  Politics in Austria reflects the dynamics of competition among multiple political parties, which led to the formation of a Conservative-Green coalition government for the first time in January 2020, following the snap elections of 29 September 2019, and the election of a former Green Party leader to the presidency in 2016. Austrian politics takes place within the constitutional framework of a federal parliamentary republic, with a President (Bundespräsident) serving as head of state and a Chancellor (Bundeskanzler) as head of government. Governments, both local and federal, exercise executive power. Federal legislative power is vested both in the Federal Government and in the two chambers of Parliament; the National Council (Nationalrat) and the Federal Council

This is a document about Austria
  The Parliament of Austria is located in Vienna, the country's capital and most populous city. Austria became a federal, representative democratic republic through the Federal Constitution of 1920. The political system of the Second Republic with its nine states is based on the constitution of 1920, amended in 1929, which was reenacted on 1 May 1945. The head of state is the Federal President (Bundespräsident), who is directly elected by popular majority vote, with a run-off between the top-scoring candidates if necessary. The head of the Federal Government is the Federal Chancellor (Bundeskanzler), who is selected by the President and tasked with forming a government based on the partisan composition of the lower house of parliament. The government

This is a document about Chancellor of Austria
  The Federal Chancellor of Austria (Bundeskanzler der Bundesrepublik Österreich) is the head of government of the Republic of Austria. The position corresponds to that of Prime Minister in several other parliamentary democracies. Current officeholder is Karl Nehammer of the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP), who was sworn in on 6 December 2021 following the resignations of Sebastian Kurz and Alexander Schallenberg, of the same party, as party leader and Chancellor. All three leaders formed a government with the Green Party, the first coalition between these two parties at the federal level. Brigitte Bierlein was the Second Republic's first Kanzlerin, forming a nonpartisan caretaker govenment between a vote of no confidence in Kurz's first government in June 2019 and the formation of his second in January 2020.

This is a document about List of heads of government under Austrian Emperors
  This is a list of heads of government under Austrian Emperors.

This is a document about Chancellor
  The Chancellor of Austria, denominated Bundeskanzler for males and Bundeskanzlerin for females ("Federal Chancellor"), is the title of the head of the Government of Austria. The current Chancellor of Austria is Karl Nehammer.

This is a document about Outline of Austria
  Government of Austria

This is a document about List of chancellors of Austria
  The chancellor of Austria is the head of government of the Austrian Republic, appointed by the president and regarded as the country's de facto chief executive. The chancellor chairs and leads the Cabinet, which also includes the vice chancellor and the ministers. Following World War I, the office was originally established by the Provisional National Assembly on 30 October 1918 as state chancellor of the Republic of German-Austria, and its first holder, Karl Renner, was appointed by the State Council. After the Allies declined a union between Austria and Germany, German-Austria established the First Austrian Republic and soon afterwards renamed the

This is a document about Outline of Austria
 Head of state: President of Austria, Alexander Van der Bellen. ; Head of government: Chancellor of Austria, Sebastian Kurz. ; Vice-Chancellor of Austria ; Cabinet of Austria Austrian Federal Government

This is a document about List of state leaders in the 21st century
 Austria ; Presidents (complete list) – ; Thomas Klestil, President (1992–2004) ; Heinz Fischer, President (2004–2016) ; Doris Bures, Karlheinz Kopf, Norbert Hofer, Joint Acting Presidents (2016–2017) ; Alexander Van der Bellen, President (2017–present) ; Chancellors (complete list) – ; Wolfgang Schüssel, Chancellor (2000–2007) ; Alfred Gusenbauer, Chancellor (2007–2008) ; Werner Faymann, Chancellor (2008–2016) ; Reinhold Mitterlehner, Acting Chancellor (2016) ; Christian Kern, Chancellor (2016–2017) ; Sebastian Kurz, Chancellor (2017–2019) ; Brigitte Bierlein, Chancellor (2019–2020) ; Sebastian Kurz, Chancellor (2020–2021) ; Alexander Schallenberg, Chancellor (2021) ; Karl Nehammer, Chancellor (2021–present) Czech Republic ; Presidents (complete list) – ; Václav Havel, President (1993–2003) ; Václav Klaus, President (2003–2013) ; Miloš Zeman, President (2013–present) ; Prime ministers

This is a document about List of rulers of Austria
  In 1918, following the breakup of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, the Republic of Austria was established, but ended with "Anschluß" into the Third Reich from 1938 to 1945. Following World War II, the current Republic of Austria was established in 1945, even though Austria remained under the control and protection of Allied and Soviet Forces between 1945 and 1955. The current head of state is the President of Austria; however, in practice, the Chancellor of Austria is more important. Every law still needs to be signed by the President however. Otto von Habsburg (1912–2011), son of Charles I, was the head of the Habsburg house from 1922, but never reigned. In 2007 he handed the headship to his oldest son Karl von Habsburg who was first in the line of succession. He is the current head of the imperial family.

This is a document about Chancellor of Austria
  office again only held by one person; Karl Renner. After allied powers declined a union between Austria and Germany, the office was renamed to just State Chancellor of Austria and later changed to Federal Chancellor, which remained the position's final form until present day. The official residence and executive office of the chancellor is the chancellery, which is located at the Ballhausplatz in the center of Vienna. Both the chancellor as well as the cabinet are appointed by the president and can be dismissed by the president. The current officeholder is Karl Nehammer, who was sworn in as chancellor on 6 December 2021 by President Alexander Van der Bellen.

This is a document about Second Kurz government
 Sebastian Kurz (2018-02-28) (cropped).jpg ; Sebastian Kurz ; Chancellor of Austria ; January 7, 2020 ; October 11, 2021 ; style="background-color: " | ; ÖVP ; Vienna ; Werner Kogler 2013.jpg ; Werner Kogler ; Vice-Chancellor of Austria Minister for Arts, Culture, the Civil Service and Sport ; January 7, 2020 ; style="background-color: " | ; Greens ; Styria style="background-color: " | ; Greens ; Styria ! colspan="9" |

This is a document about First Kurz government
 Austria politic personality icon.svg ; Eckart Ratz ; Minister of the Interior ; 22 May 2019 ; 3 June 2019 ; style="background-color: lightgray" | ; Independent ; Vorarlberg ; Herbert Kickl - Pressekonferenz am 13. März 2020.JPG ; Herbert Kickl ; Minister of the Interior ; 18 December 2017 ; 22 May 2019 ; style="background-color: " | ; FPÖ ; Carinthia ; [[File:2018 Karin Kneissl Paul Richard Gallagher (16. Jänner 2018) (24876263787) (cropped).jpg|100px]] ; Karin Kneissl ; Minister for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs ; 18 December 2017 ; 3 June 2019 ; style="background-color: #ccccff" | ; Independent (FPÖ nominated) ; Vienna ; Josef Moser (4741871116).jpg ; Josef Moser ; Minister of Constitutional Affairs, Reforms, Deregulation and Justice ; 18 December 2017 ; 3

This is a document about Schallenberg government
  of Social Affairs, Health, Care, and Consumer Protection ; April 19, 2021 ; style="background-color: " | ; Greens ; Vienna ; 2020 Karl Nehammer Ministerrat am 8.1.2020 (49351366976) (cropped) (cropped).jpg ; Karl Nehammer ; Minister of the Interior ; January 7, 2020 ; December 6, 2021 ; style="background-color: " | ; ÖVP ; Vienna ; 2015 Margarete Schramböck (17126313616).jpg ; Margarete Schramböck ; Minister of Digital and Economic Affairs ; January 7, 2020 ; style="background-color: " | ; ÖVP ; Tyrol ; WahlNÖ2013 Klaudia Tanner 5209.jpg ; Klaudia Tanner ; Minister of Defence ; January 7, 2020 ; style="background-color: " |

This is a document about Politics of Austria
  world's youngest head of government. One commentator, Betsy Hartmann, has raised the specter that this right-wing coalition with environmentalism may lead to a "nightmare scenario" of Eco-Fascism. On 11 October 2021, Chancellor Sebastian Kurz resigned, after pressure triggered by a corruption scandal. Foreign Minister Alexander Schallenberg of ÖVP succeeded him as chancellor. Following a corruption scandal involving the ruling People's Party, Austria got its third conservative chancellor in two months after Karl Nehammer was sworn into office on 6 December 2021. His predecessor Alexander Schallenberg had left the office after less than two months. ÖVP and the Greens continued to govern together.

This is a document about Austria
  (Landstreitkräfte), Air Forces (Luftstreitkräfte), International Missions (Internationale Einsätze) and Special Forces (Spezialeinsatzkräfte), next to Joint Mission Support Command (Kommando Einsatzunterstützung; KdoEU) and Joint Command Support Centre (Führungsunterstützungszentrum; FüUZ). Austria is a landlocked country and has no navy. In 2012, Austria's defence expenditures corresponded to approximately 0.8% of its GDP. The Army currently has about 26,000 soldiers, of whom about 12,000 are conscripts. As head of state, Austrian President is nominally the Commander-in-Chief of the Bundesheer. Command of the Austrian Armed Forces is exercised by the Minister of Defence, : Klaudia Tanner. Since the end of the Cold War, and more importantly the

This is a document about Chancellor of Austria
  Austria's chancellor chairs and leads the cabinet, which is composed of the chancellor, the vice chancellor and the ministers. Together with the president, who is head of state, the cabinet forms the country's executive branch leadership. Austria is a parliamentary republic, the system of government in which real power is vested in the head of government. However, in Austria most executive actions of great extent can only be exercised by the president, upon advice or with the countersignature of the chancellor or a specific minister. Therefore the chancellor often requires the president's consent to implement greater decisions. Furthermore neither the ministers nor the vice chancellor report to the chancellor.

This is a document about President of Austria
  The president of Austria (Bundespräsident der Republik Österreich) is the head of state of the Austrian Republic. Though theoretically entrusted with great power by the Constitution, in practice the president is largely a ceremonial and symbolic figurehead. The office of the president was established in 1920 following the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Habsburg Monarchy in 1918. As head of state, the president succeeded the chair of the Constituent Assembly, the post-monarchic provisional legislature. Originally intended to be chosen directly by the Austrian people through universal suffrage every six years, the president was instead appointed by the legislative Federal Assembly until 1951, when Theodor Körner became the first popularly-elected president. Since the institution of the popular vote, only nominees of the Social Democratic Party and the People's Party had been

The head of government in Austria is the Chancellor, currently Karl Nehammer of the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP).


Question: when did new york get the statue of liberty

Answer: October 28 , 1886

This is a document about New York City
  control in 1664 and was renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, the Duke of York. The city was regained by the Dutch in July 1673 and was renamed New Orange for one year and three months; the city has been continuously named New York since November 1674. New York City was the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790, and has been the largest U.S. city since 1790. The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the U.S. by ship in the late 19th and early 20th

This is a document about New York metropolitan area
  British early in the war, becoming a haven for Loyalist refugees from other parts of the country, and remained in the hands of the British until the war ended in 1783. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790, after which the capital moved to Philadelphia. New York has been the country's largest city since 1790. In 1792, the Buttonwood Agreement, made by a group of merchants, created what is now the New York Stock Exchange in Lower Manhattan. Today, many people in the metropolitan area work in this important stock exchange. The Statue of Liberty in New York

This is a document about Manhattan
  in 1626. The territory and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, the Duke of York. New York, based in present-day Manhattan, served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to America by ship in the late 19th century and is a world symbol of the United States and its ideals of liberty and peace. Manhattan became a borough during the consolidation of New York City in 1898. New York County is the smallest

This is a document about Statue of Liberty
  idea with influential Americans. In June 1871, Bartholdi crossed the Atlantic, with letters of introduction signed by Laboulaye. Arriving at New York Harbor, Bartholdi focused on Bedloe's Island (now named Liberty Island) as a site for the statue, struck by the fact that vessels arriving in New York had to sail past it. He was delighted to learn that the island was owned by the United States government—it had been ceded by the New York State Legislature in 1800 for harbor defense. It was thus, as he put it in a letter to Laboulaye: "land common to all the states." As well as meeting many

This is a document about Manhattan
  millions seeking a new life in the United States, a role acknowledged by the dedication of the Statue of Liberty on October 28, 1886, a gift from the people of France. New York's growing immigrant population, which had earlier consisted mainly of German and Irish immigrants, began in the late 1800s to include waves of impoverished Italians and Central and Eastern European Jews flowing in en masse. This new European immigration brought further social upheaval. In a city of tenements packed with poorly paid laborers from dozens of nations, the city became a hotbed of revolution (including anarchists and communists among others), syndicalism, racketeering, and

This is a document about Liberty Island
  The statue, entitled Liberty Enlightening the World, was a gift from the people of France to mark the American Centennial. It was agreed that the Congress would authorize the acceptance of the statue by the President of the United States, and that the War Department would facilitate its construction and presentation. The construction of the statue was completed in France in July 1884. The cornerstone was laid on August 5, 1884, and after some funding delays, construction of the pedestal was finished on April 22, 1886. The statue arrived in New York Harbor on June 17, 1885, on board the French frigate Isère, was stored for eleven months in crates waiting for its pedestal to be finished, and was then reassembled in four months. On October 28, 1886, the Statue of Liberty was unveiled by President Grover Cleveland. The name Liberty Island was made official by Congress in 1956.

This is a document about Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi
  massive statue and once its design was approved, the Union Franco-Américaine raised more than 1 million francs throughout France for its building. In 1879, Bartholdi was awarded design patent for the Statue of Liberty. On 4 July 1880, the statue was formally delivered to the American minister in Paris, the event being celebrated by a great banquet. In October 1886, the structure was officially presented as the joint gift of the French and American people, and installed on Bedloe's Island in New York Harbor. It was rumored in France that the face of the Statue of Liberty was modeled after Bartholdi's mother. The statue is 46m high (151 feet and 1 inch), and the top of the torch is at an elevation of 93m (305 feet 1 inch) from mean low-water mark. It was the largest work of its kind that had been completed up to that time.

This is a document about History of New York (state)
  York ultimately sent the most men and money to support the Union cause. Thereafter, the state helped create the industrial age and consequently was home to some of the first labor unions. During the 19th century, New York City became the main entry point for European immigrants to the United States, beginning with a wave of Irish during their Great Famine. Millions came through Castle Clinton in Battery Park before Ellis Island opened in 1892 to welcome millions more, increasingly from eastern and southern Europe. The Statue of Liberty opened in 1886 and became a symbol of hope. New York

This is a document about Statue of Liberty
  The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World; French: La Liberté éclairant le monde) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor in New York City, in the United States. The copper statue, a gift from the people of France to the people of the United States, was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and its metal framework was built by Gustave Eiffel. The statue was dedicated on October 28, 1886. The statue is a figure of Libertas, a robed Roman liberty goddess. She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand carries a tabula ansata inscribed JULY

This is a document about History of New York (state)
  Island opened in 1892, and between 1880 and 1920, most immigrants were German and Eastern European Jews, Poles, and other Eastern and Southern Europeans, including many Italians. By 1925, New York City's population outnumbered that of London, making it the most populous city in the world. Arguably New York's most identifiable symbol, Liberty Enlightening the World (the Statue of Liberty), a gift from France for the American centennial, was completed in 1886. By the early 20th century, the statue was regarded as the "Mother of Exiles"—a symbol of hope to immigrants. New York's political pattern changed little after the mid–19th century. New York City and its metropolitan area was already heavily Democrat; Upstate was

This is a document about Eugène Spuller
  On 4 July 1884 Spuller and other members of the French Cabinet formally presented the Statue of Liberty to the United States. Following the ceremony, the statue was dismantled into numbered sections and packed in 210 wooden cases and put aboard the government steamship Idsdre, which sailed on 21 May 1885 for New York City.

This is a document about Province of New York
  New York First Constitutional Convention. New York endorsed the Declaration of Independence the same day, and declared the independent state of New York. New York celebrated by tearing down the statue of George III in Bowling Green. On July 10, 1776, the Fourth Provincial Congress changed its name to the Convention of Representatives of the State of New York, and "acts as legislature without an executive." While adjourned it left a Committee of Safety in charge. The New York state constitution was framed by a convention which assembled at White Plains on July 10, 1776, and after repeated adjournments and changes of venue, it concluded in

This is a document about Province of New York
  New York on Sunday evening, April 20, 1777, when the new constitution was adopted with one dissenting vote. It had been drafted by John Jay and was not submitted to the people for ratification. Under its provisions, the governor would be elected not appointed, voting restrictions were reduced, secret ballots were introduced, and civil rights were guaranteed. On July 30, 1777, George Clinton was inaugurated as the first Governor of New York at Kingston. On July 9, 1778, the State of New York signed the Articles of Confederation and officially became a part of the government of the United States of America, though it had been

This is a document about List of governors of New York
  New York was one of the original thirteen colonies on the east coast of North America, and was admitted as a state on July 26, 1788. Prior to declaring its independence, New York was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain, which it in turn obtained from the Dutch as the colony of New Netherland; see the list of colonial governors and the list of directors-general of New Netherland for the pre-statehood period. The office of the governor was established by the first New York Constitution in 1777. The governor was originally for a term of three years, though the constitution did not specify when the term began. A 1787

This is a document about Statue of Liberty
   The statue is situated in Upper New York Bay on Liberty Island south of Ellis Island, which together comprise the Statue of Liberty National Monument. Both islands were ceded by New York to the federal government in 1800. As agreed in an 1834 compact between New York and New Jersey that set the state border at the bay's midpoint, the original islands remain New York territory though located on the New Jersey side of the state line. Liberty Island is one of the islands that are part of the borough of Manhattan in New York. Land created by reclamation added to the 2.3 acre original island at Ellis Island is

This is a document about Effects of Hurricane Sandy in New York
  New York City schools remained closed through Friday, November 2 with classes resuming Monday for most students; but as many as 40,000 stayed home until November 7. Fifty-seven schools were still flooded as of that date. Many colleges and universities and K-12 schools in the tri-state area also cancelled classes. The Statue of Liberty was closed October 29, a day after its grand reopening from a year-long renovation project. Both the statue and Ellis Island remained closed through 2012; the statue reopened July 4, 2013, while Ellis Island remained closed until 2014. The New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation closed all state parks on Long Island until

This is a document about France–United States relations
  companies, tariffs were high, and mutual investments were uncommon. All during this period, the relationship remained friendly—as symbolized by the Statue of Liberty, presented in 1884 as a gift to the United States from the French people. From 1870 until 1918, France was the only major republic in a Europe of monarchies, which endeared it to the United States. Few French people emigrated, but many held the United States in high esteem, as a land of opportunity and as a source of modern ideas. Intellectuals, however, saw the United States as a land built on crass materialism, lacking in a significant

This is a document about Compagnie française des métaux
  Statue of Liberty, built in 1875–76. In 1873, at the request of the French government, Secrétan overhauled a mill to make brass sheets for cartridges at Castelsarrasin, near Toulouse. The factory came into full operation in 1885–86. In 1878 Secrétan bought the Givet copper and brass plant beside the Meuse river on the Belgian border, perhaps the largest such factory in France. That year the Société industrielle des métaux created at Fromelennes-les-Givet. In 1881 the Société J. Laveissière et Cie was merged with Secrétan's Société anonyme des établissements Secrétan to form the Société industrielle et commerciale des métaux. With additional smaller acquisitions the

This is a document about 1885 in the United States
 April 30 ; A bill is signed in the New York State legislature forming the Niagara Falls State Park. ; Boston Pops Orchestra is formed. ; May – The Depression of 1882–85 ends. ; June 17 – The Statue of Liberty arrives in New York Harbor.

This is a document about History of New York City
  New York and made it their base on the continent until late 1783, attracting Loyalist refugees. The city served as the national capital under the Articles of Confederation from 1785 to 1789, and briefly served as the new nation's capital in 1789–90 under the United States Constitution. Under the new government the city hosted the inauguration of George Washington as the first President of the United States, the drafting of the United States Bill of Rights, and the first Supreme Court of the United States. The opening of the Erie Canal gave excellent steamboat connections with upstate New York and the Great Lakes, along with coastal traffic to lower New England, making the city the preeminent port

The Statue of Liberty was dedicated on October 28, 1886. However, the idea of bringing the statue to New York Harbor was first proposed by Edouard de Laboulaye in 1865. The statue was a gift from the people of France to the United States.


Question: where did the name grizzly bear come from

Answer: Meriwether Lewis and William Clark

This is a document about Teddy bear
   The name teddy bear comes from former United States President Theodore Roosevelt, who was often referred to as "Teddy" (though he loathed being referred to as such). The name originated from an incident on a bear hunting trip in Mississippi in November 1902, to which Roosevelt was invited by Mississippi Governor Andrew H. Longino. There were several other hunters competing, and most of them had already killed an animal. A suite of Roosevelt's attendants, led by Holt Collier, cornered, clubbed, and tied an American black bear to a willow tree after a long exhausting chase with hounds. They called Roosevelt to the site and suggested that he shoot it. He refused to shoot the

This is a document about Grizzly bear
  Brown bears originated in Eurasia and traveled to North America approximately 50,000 years ago, spreading into the contiguous United States about 13,000 years ago. The genome of the grizzly bear was sequenced in 2018 and found to be 2,328.64Mb (mega-basepairs) in length, and contain 30,387 genes. In the 19th century, the grizzly was classified as 86 distinct species. However, by 1928 only seven grizzly species remained, and by 1953, only one species remained globally. However, modern genetic testing reveals the grizzly to be a subspecies of the brown bear (Ursus arctos). Biologist R.L. Rausch found that North America has but one species of grizzly. Therefore, everywhere it is the "brown bear"; in North America, it is the "grizzly", but these are all the same species, Ursus arctos.

This is a document about Ursid hybrid
  The grizzly bear is now regarded by most taxonomists as a variety of brown bear, Ursus arctos horribilis. Clinton Hart Merriam, taxonomist of grizzly bears, described an animal killed in 1864 at Rendezvous Lake, Barren Grounds, Canada as "buffy whitish" with a golden brown muzzle. This is considered to be a natural hybrid between a grizzly bear and polar bear. On 16 April 2006, a polar bear of unusual appearance was shot by a sports hunter on Banks Island in the Northwest Territories. DNA testing released 11 May 2006, proved the kill was a grizzly×polar bear hybrid. This is thought to be

This is a document about Brown bear
  The brown bear is sometimes referred to as the bruin, from Middle English. This name originated in the fable History of Reynard the Fox translated by William Caxton from Middle Dutch bruun or bruyn, meaning brown (the color). In the mid-19th century United States, the brown bear was termed "Old Ephraim" and sometimes as "Moccasin Joe". The scientific name of the brown bear, Ursus arctos, comes from the Latin ursus, meaning "bear", and from ἄρκτος arktos, the Greek word for bear.

This is a document about White Bear, Saskatchewan
  The community's name comes from the sighting of a probable but now extirpated white prairie grizzly bear by an Assiniboine warrior on the shores of a neighbouring lake during the Palliser Expedition of the 1850s. Records from early Metis settlers and the North-West Mounted Police state the last roaming herd of American buffalo being slaughtered in the hills of the Missouri Coteau located 25 mi northeast around 1879. During the 1930s, White Bear was a bustling community of approximately 250 residents with two grocery stores, a school, four grain elevators and three garages servicing an area of 200 families, but has since dwindled to

This is a document about Rivière à l'Ours (Témiscamingue)
  Animals are used frequently in French Canadian toponymy. The bear is an animal respected for its character and its strength. Its meat is edible. Its bones (after having cut or sharpened them) can be used to make tools (eg scrapers) or weapons. Its skin can be used in particular for clothing, bags, blanket, carpet or shelter. The bear is the subject of several legends, generally of Aboriginal origin. The toponym Rivière à l'Ours is associated with the neighboring watercourse (east side) which is designated Little Bear River and with the neighboring lake (east side) designated Petit lac à l'Ours. The toponym Rivière à l'Ours was formalized on December 5, 1968 at the Place Names Bank of the Commission de toponymie du Québec.

This is a document about Bear
  The English word "bear" comes from Old English bera and belongs to a family of names for the bear in Germanic languages, such as Swedish björn, also used as a first name. This form is conventionally said to be related to a Proto-Indo-European word for "brown", so that "bear" would mean "the brown one". However, Ringe notes that while this etymology is semantically plausible, a word meaning "brown" of this form cannot be found in Proto-Indo-European. He suggests instead that "bear" is from the Proto-Indo-European word *ǵʰwḗr- ~ *ǵʰwér "wild animal". This terminology for the animal originated as a taboo avoidance term: proto-Germanic tribes replaced their original word for bear—arkto—with this euphemistic expression out of fear that speaking the animal's true name might cause it to appear. According to author Ralph Keyes, this is

This is a document about Flag of California
  The original grizzly bear flag was created by Peter Storm. A version of this bear flag, designed by William L. Todd, was raised in Sonoma, California, in June 1846 on a date between the 14th and the 17th, by the men who became known as the "Bear Flaggers", including William B. Ide. The exact creation date is at least somewhat unclear. However, U.S. Naval Lieutenant John Missroon reported the flag's existence as of June 17, 1846. William L. Todd was a cousin of Mary Todd Lincoln. According to the book Flags Over California, published by the California Military Department, the star

This is a document about Petite rivière à l'Ours (Témiscamingue)
  Animals are used frequently in French Canadian toponymy. The bear is an animal respected for its character and its strength. Its meat is edible. Its bones (after having been cut or sharpened) can be used to make tools, such as scrapers, or weapons. Its skin can be used in particular for clothing, bags, blankets, carpets or shelter. The bear is the subject of several legends, generally of Aboriginal origin. The toponym Petite rivière à l'Ours is associated with the nearby watercourse (west side) which is designated rivière à l'Ours. The toponym Petite rivière à l'Ours was formalized on 5 December 1968 at the Commission de toponymie du Québec.

This is a document about Grizzly bear
  Grizzly bears are found in Asia, Europe, and North America, giving them the widest range of any bear species. They also previously inhabited North Africa. In North America, grizzly bears previously ranged from Alaska down to Mexico and as far east as the western shores of Hudson Bay; the species is now found in Alaska, south through much of western Canada, and into portions of the northwestern United States (including Washington, Idaho, Montana and Wyoming), extending as far south as Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks. In Canada, there are approximately 25,000 grizzly bears occupying British Columbia, Alberta, the Yukon, the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and the northern part of Manitoba. An article published in 1954 suggested they may be present in the tundra areas of the Ungava Peninsula and the northern tip of Labrador-Quebec. In British Columbia, grizzly bears inhabit approximately 90% of their original

This is a document about Mexican grizzly bear
  The first Europeans to come in contact with the Mexican grizzly were the conquistadors in the 16th century, when Francisco Vásquez de Coronado went on an expedition to find the Seven Cities of Gold. His expedition began in Mexico City in 1540, and went north to New Mexico and the Great Plains in the modern-day U.S. states of Texas and Kansas. Because the bears hunted the cattle from time to time, they were considered as pests by farmers. Grizzlies were trapped, shot and poisoned, and had already become scarce by the 1930s. Its former range decreased to the three isolated mountains Cerro Campana, Cerro Santa Clara, and Sierra

This is a document about Frank Grouard
  In about 1869, while working as a mail carrier, Grouard was captured near the mouth of the Milk River in Montana by Crow Indians who took all his possessions and abandoned him in a forest where he was found by Sioux Indians and later adopted as a brother by Chief Sitting Bull. He was probably accepted by them as an Indian because his Polynesian features resembled those of the Sioux. Grouard married a Sioux woman and learned to speak the Sioux language fluently, taking the Indian names 'Sitting-with-Upraised-Hands' and 'Standing Bear', (Yugata), as he had been captured wearing a bearskin coat. For seven

This is a document about Grizzly bear
  grizzlies themselves. Many authors in the American West wrote of Natives or voyageurs with lacerated faces and missing noses or eyes, due to attacks from grizzlies. Many Native American tribes both respect and fear the brown bear. In Kwakiutl mythology, American black and brown bears became enemies when Grizzly Bear Woman killed Black Bear Woman for being lazy. Black Bear Woman's children, in turn, killed Grizzly Bear Woman's own cubs. Sleeping Bear Dunes is named after an Ojibwe legend, where a female bear and her cubs swam across Lake Michigan. According to the legend, the two cubs drowned and became the Manitou islands. The mother bear eventually got to shore and slept, waiting patiently for her cubs to arrive. Over the years, the sand covered the mother bear up, creating a huge sand dune.

This is a document about Grizzly Bear Creek (Alberta)
  Grizzly Bear Creek is a stream in Alberta, Canada. Grizzly Bear Creek's name is an accurate preservation of its native Creek name, mist-a-ya.

This is a document about Valley Center, California
  Valley Center was the site of the capture of the largest California Grizzly Bear in history. In 1866, a grizzly weighing 2,200 pounds was killed at the Lovette house, which has now been demolished. Although the town had been settled in 1845 and homesteaded in 1862 after President Lincoln signed the Homestead Act, it had no formal name until the famous 1866 bear incident. The notoriety surrounding the event gave Valley Center its original name of Bear Valley. The name was subsequently changed to Valley in 1874, to Valley Centre in 1878 and, finally, to Valley Center in 1887. An exhibit of a smaller California Grizzly bear is on display at the Valley Center History Museum.

This is a document about Grizzly bear
  The grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis), also known as the North American brown bear or simply grizzly, is a population or subspecies of the brown bear inhabiting North America. In addition to the mainland grizzly (Ursus arctos horribilis), other morphological forms of brown bear in North America are sometimes identified as grizzly bears. These include two living populations — the Kodiak bear (U. a. middendorffi) and the peninsular grizzly (U. a. gyas) — as well as the extinct California grizzly (U. a. californicus†), Mexican grizzly (formerly U. a. nelsoni†), and Ungava-Labrador grizzly (formerly U. a. ungavaesis†). On average, grizzly bears near the coast tend to be larger while inland grizzlies tend to be smaller. The Ussuri brown bear (U. a. lasiotus), inhabiting Russia, Northern China, Japan, and Korea, is sometimes referred to as the "black grizzly", although it is no more closely related to North American brown bears than other subspecies of the brown bear around the world.

This is a document about Calf Robe Mountain
  The mountain's name, which commemorates Calf Robe, member of the Blackfeet, was submitted by the National Park Service in 1939, and officially adopted in 1940 by the United States Board on Geographic Names. Legend has it that Calf Robe supposedly had a weird experience with a grizzly bear about 1870. Calf Robe was deserted by his fellow warriors in enemy country and left to die; but he was soon rescued by a grizzly bear, which brought him food and carried him to help. The grizzly only asked a favor in return: that Calf Robe would never kill a bear in winter, which is why the Piikani will never kill a hibernating bear. The Blackfeet name for Calf Robe is "Onistai'yi".

This is a document about California grizzly bear
  phrase’s origins predate Greeley's 1859 journey to California by at least 100 years, but the myth of the California connection persists. The California grizzly was an enormous bear. In the 1800s, multiple newspaper accounts mentioned bears weighing well over 1,000 pounds. The hind foot of one particular adult male grizzly was measured at 12 inches long and 8 inches wide, and claws were often 2 to 3.5 inches long. In 1866, a grizzly bear described as weighing as much as 2200 lb was killed in what is present-day Valley Center, California. The incident was recalled in 1932 by Catherine E. Lovett Smith, who witnessed

This is a document about History of the Yosemite area
  American residents started to befriend Native Americans still living in the Yosemite area. Returning to the events of 1851, members of the Mariposa Battalion proposed names for the valley while they were camped at Bridalveil Meadow. The company physician who had been attached to Savage's unit, Dr. Lafayette Bunnell, suggested "Yo-sem-i-ty", after what the surrounding Sierra Miwok tribes, who feared the Yosemite Valley tribe, called them. Savage, who spoke some native dialects, translated this as "full-grown grizzly bear." The term, which was possibly derived from or confused with the similar uzumati or uhumati, meaning "grizzly bear," is the Southern Sierra Miwok word Yohhe'meti, meaning

This is a document about Bryan Sykes
  bears are known in Nepal as Dzu-the (a Nepalese term meaning cattle-bear), and have been associated with the myth of the yeti. Sykes and Melton acknowledged that their GenBank search was in error but suggested that the hairs were instead a match to a modern polar bear specimen "from the Diomede Islands in the Bering Sea reported in the same paper". They maintained that they did not see any sign of damage in their sequences and commented that they had "no reason to doubt the accuracy of these two sequences any more than the other 28 presented in the paper". Multiple further analyses,

The name "grizzly bear" comes from the Latin word "ursus arctos," which means "brown bear." The term "grizzly" was likely used to describe the brown bear's distinctive grizzled fur. However, in North America, the term "grizzly bear" is often used specifically to refer to the brown bear subspecies that is native to the continent.


Question: who did the dixiecrats nominate to run for president in 1948

Answer: Strom Thurmond

This is a document about Conservative Democrat
  The proclamation by President Harry S. Truman and Minneapolis Mayor Hubert Humphrey of support for a civil rights plank in the Democratic Party platform of 1948 led to a walkout of 35 delegates from Mississippi and Alabama. These southern delegations nominated their own "States Rights Democratic Party" (a/k/a "Dixiecrat Party") nominees with South Carolina Governor Strom Thurmond leading the ticket (Thurmond would later represent South Carolina in the U.S. Senate, and join the Republicans in 1964). The Dixiecrats held their convention in Birmingham, Alabama, where they nominated Thurmond for president and Fielding L. Wright, governor of Mississippi, for vice president. Dixiecrat leaders worked to have Thurmond-Wright declared the "official" Democratic Party ticket in Southern states. They succeeded in Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina; in other states, they were forced to run as a third-party ticket. Preston Parks, elected as a presidential elector for

This is a document about 1948 United States presidential election
  The 1948 United States presidential election was the 41st quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 2, 1948. In one of the greatest election upsets in American history, incumbent President Harry S. Truman, the Democratic nominee, defeated Republican Governor Thomas E. Dewey. Truman had ascended to the presidency in April 1945 after the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Defeating attempts to drop him from the ticket, Truman won the presidential nomination at the 1948 Democratic National Convention. The Democratic convention's civil rights plank caused a walk-out by several Southern delegates, who launched a third-party "Dixiecrat" ticket led by Governor Strom Thurmond of South Carolina. The Dixiecrats hoped to win enough electoral votes to force a contingent election in the House of Representatives, where they could extract concessions from either Dewey

This is a document about Mississippi Democratic Party
  When the 1948 Democratic National Convention adopted a plank proposed by Northern liberals calling for civil rights, 35 southern delegates, including all Mississippi's delegates, walked out. Southern Democrats sought to exclude Harry Truman's name from the ballot in the South. The Southern defectors created a new party called the States' Rights Party (Dixiecrats), with its own nominees for the 1948 presidential election: Democratic South Carolina Governor J. Strom Thurmond for president and Fielding L. Wright, governor of Mississippi for vice president. (In his 1948 gubernatorial inaugural address, Wright had described racial segregation as an "eternal truth" that "transcends party lines".)

This is a document about 1948 Republican Party presidential primaries
  From March 9 to June 1, 1948, voters of the Republican Party chose its nominee for president in the 1948 United States presidential election. The nominee was selected through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1948 Republican National Convention held from June 21 to June 25, 1948, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, with New York Governor, Thomas E. Dewey being nominated for president and California Governor, Earl Warren being nominated for Vice President. Dewey and Warren went on to lose the general election to the Democratic Party's ticket of incumbent President Harry S. Truman and Kentucky senator Alben W. Barkley

This is a document about Southern strategy
  In the 1948 election, after President Harry S. Truman signed Executive Order 9981 to desegregate the military, a group of conservative Southern Democrats known as Dixiecrats split from the Democratic Party in reaction to the inclusion of a civil rights plank in the party's platform. This followed a floor fight led by civil-rights activist, Minneapolis Mayor (and soon-to-be Senator) Hubert Humphrey. The disaffected conservative Democrats formed the States' Rights Democratic, or Dixiecrat Party and nominated Governor Strom Thurmond of South Carolina for President. Thurmond carried four Deep South states in the general election: South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana. The main plank of the States' Rights

This is a document about Strom Thurmond
   In the 1948 presidential election, Thurmond ran for president as a third party candidate for States' Rights Democratic Party, which was formed by White southern Democrats who split from the national party over the threat of federal intervention in state affairs regarding segregation and Jim Crow. Thurmond's supporters took control of the Democratic Party in the Deep South. President Truman was not included on the presidential ballot in Alabama because that state's Supreme Court ruled void any requirement for party electors to vote for the national nominee. Thurmond stated that Truman, Thomas Dewey and Henry A. Wallace would lead the U.S. to totalitarianism. Thurmond

This is a document about 1948 United States presidential election in Alabama
  In the 1948 United States presidential election, Alabama was the only state in which the National Democratic Party candidate, incumbent president Harry S. Truman, did not appear on the ballot. The state Supreme Court ruled that any statute requiring party presidential electors to vote for that party's national nominee was void. A "Loyalist" group did petition governor "Big Jim" Folsom to allow Truman electors, but Senator John Sparkman, fearing popular defeat at the hands of the Dixiecrats and a hostile state legislature, decided against placing Truman electors on the ballot. In other Southern states where Truman was on the ballot, Thurmond was forced to run under the label of the States' Rights Democratic Party. Thurmond overwhelmingly won Alabama by a margin of 60.71 percent, or 130,513 votes, against his closest opponent, Republican New York governor Thomas E. Dewey. Two third-party candidates, Henry A. Wallace of the Progressive Party and Claude A. Watson of the Prohibition Party, appeared on the ballot in Alabama, though neither had any impact on the election.

This is a document about Radical right (United States)
  In 1948, the Dixiecrats, a breakaway segregationist faction of the Democratic Party, contested the 1948 presidential election with then-Governor of South Carolina Strom Thurmond as their candidate, winning 4 states.

This is a document about 1948 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection
  This article lists those who were potential candidates for the Democratic nomination for Vice President of the United States in the 1948 election. At the 1948 Democratic National Convention, President Harry S. Truman won nomination for a full term. Truman had become president upon the death of his predecessor and 1944 running mate, Franklin D. Roosevelt. As the 25th Amendment had not yet been passed, there was no method for filling a vice presidential vacancy, and Truman served without a vice president during his first term. Truman's nomination faced significant opposition from the South, as did the party's platform on civil rights. Though Truman attempted to convince Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas to join the ticket, Douglas declined. Truman instead selected Senate Minority Leader Alben W. Barkley, the preferred choice of many Democratic delegates, and a border state Senator who could appeal to both the Northern and Southern wings of the party. The Truman-Barkley ticket won the 1948 election, defeating the Republican (Dewey-Warren), Progressive (Wallace-Taylor), and Dixiecrat (Thurmond-Wright) tickets.

This is a document about Progressive Party (United States, 1948)
  Harry S. Truman's Cold War policies. Wallace's supporters held the 1948 Progressive National Convention, which nominated a ticket consisting of Wallace and Democratic Senator Glen H. Taylor of Idaho. Despite challenges from Wallace, Republican nominee Thomas E. Dewey, and Strom Thurmond of the segregationist Dixiecrats, Truman won re-election in the 1948 election. Wallace won 2.4% of the vote, which was far less than the share received by Theodore Roosevelt and Robert La Follette, the presidential nominees of the 1912 and 1924 Progressive Party tickets, respectively. Neither of those parties was directly related to Wallace's party, though these parties did carry over ideological groups and influenced many members of the 1948 Progressive Party. After the election, Wallace recanted

This is a document about 1950 United States Senate election in South Carolina
 Olin D. Johnston, incumbent Senator ; Strom Thurmond, incumbent Governor of South Carolina and 1948 presidential candidate

This is a document about Politics of the Southern United States
  Few Southern Democrats rejected the 1948 Democratic political platform over President Harry's Truman's civil rights platform. They met at Birmingham, Alabama, and formed a political party named the "States' Rights" Democratic Party, more commonly known as the "Dixiecrats." Its main goal was to continue the policy of racial segregation and the Jim Crow laws that sustained it. South Carolina Governor Strom Thurmond, who had led the walkout, became the party's presidential nominee. Mississippi Governor Fielding L. Wright received the vice-presidential nomination. Thurmond had a moderate position in South Carolina politics, but with his allegiance with the Dixiecrats, he became the symbol of die-hard segregation. The Dixiecrats had no chance of winning the election since they failed to qualify for the ballots of enough states. Their strategy was to win enough Southern states to deny Truman an electoral college victory and force the

This is a document about History of the Republican Party (United States)
  white Southerners in two ways. The Democratic National Convention adopted a strong civil rights plank, leading to a walkout by Southerners. Two weeks later, President Harry Truman signed Executive Order 9981 ending discrimination against Blacks in the armed forces. In 1948, the Deep South walked out, formed a temporary regional party (the "Dixiecrats") and nominated J. Strom Thurmond for president. Thurmond carried the Deep South, but the outer South stayed with Truman, and most of the Dixiecrats ultimately returned to the Democratic Party as conservative Southern Democrats. While the Dixiecrat movement did not last, the splintering among Democrats in the South paved the way for the later Southern shift towards the Republican Party, which would see Thurmond himself switching to the Republican Party in 1964.

This is a document about Presidency of Harry S. Truman
  a vague civil rights plank in the party platform. He was upstaged by liberals like Minneapolis Mayor Hubert Humphrey, who convinced Truman and the convention to adopt a stronger civil rights plank. In response, many of the delegates from Alabama and Mississippi walked out of the convention. Unfazed, Truman delivered an aggressive acceptance speech attacking the 80th Congress, labeling it the "Do Nothing Congress." For his running mate, Truman accepted Kentucky Senator Alben W. Barkley after his preferred candidate, Justice William O. Douglas, turned down the nomination. South Carolina Governor Strom Thurmond, a segregationist, declared his candidacy for the presidency on a Dixiecrat ticket and

This is a document about 1948 Republican Party presidential primaries
  parts of the Southern United States. The "surprise" candidate of 1948 was Stassen, the former "boy wonder" of Minnesota politics. Stassen had been elected governor of Minnesota at the age of 31; he resigned as governor in 1943 and served in the United States Navy in World War II. In 1945 he had served on the committee which created the United Nations. Stassen was widely regarded as the most "liberal" of the Republican candidates, yet as the primaries continued he was criticized for being vague on many issues. The following political leaders were candidates for the 1948 Republican presidential nomination:

This is a document about Leander Perez
  In 1948, Perez headed the Strom Thurmond presidential campaign in Louisiana, when the candidate headed the Dixiecrat movement. Perez unsuccessfully tried to keep that party alive, even as Thurmond returned temporarily to the Democratic Party. Earl Long supported the loyalist ticket of Harry Truman, not Thurmond, but he deferred to Perez regarding the Louisiana tidelands issue. After oil was discovered under state leases in the tidelands of navigable waters of coastal states, the federal government became involved, claiming control of tidelands and their resources for national defense. Through many years, there were "three Supreme Court decisions against the states, three acts of

This is a document about Americans for Democratic Action
  On April 3, 1948, ADA declared its decision to support a Democratic Party ticket of General Dwight D. Eisenhower and Supreme Court Judge William O. Douglas over incumbent U.S. President Harry S. Truman. Truman lacked popular support, and the ADA succeeded in pushing Truman leftward on issues such as civil rights. It also led a full-scale attack on Progressive Party candidate and former US vice president Henry A. Wallace because of his opposition to the Marshall Plan and support for appeasement of the Soviet Union. The ADA portrayed Wallace and his supporters as dupes of the Communist Party. Adolf A. Berle Jr. and Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr. believed that Eisenhower would accept the nomination. He did

This is a document about Alabama Democratic Party
  from Alabama along with others from surrounding states then regathered in Birmingham, Alabama and formed the States' Rights Democratic Party commonly called "Dixiecrats." Leading the walkout of Alabama's delegation was then Democrat Lt. Governor, Handy Ellis. The segregationist Dixiecrats held their National Convention at the city's Municipal Auditorium in Birmingham. The Dixiecrats would nominate then Democrat governor Strom Thurmond of South Carolina for president and Mississippi governor Fielding Wright for vice president. They faced incumbent Democrat president Harry Truman and the Republican nominee Thomas Dewey and his running mate Governor Earl Warren of California. However, in Alabama, Thurmond was the local Democratic Party's presidential candidate instead of President

This is a document about 1952 Republican Party presidential primaries
  overcome, was the fear of many party bosses that he was too conservative and controversial to win a presidential election. Notable was the absence of Dewey. He strongly supported Eisenhower and played an important role in persuading him to run and helping him win the nomination. Dewey used his powerful political machine to win "Ike" the support of delegates in New York and elsewhere. Two other major candidates, but not so strong as Eisenhower or Taft, for the nomination were Governor of California and Dewey's 1948 running-mate Earl Warren, and former Governor of Minnesota Harold Stassen. In the general election on November 4, Eisenhower and his running mate, Senator Richard Nixon of California defeated the Democratic party's ticket of Governor Adlai Stevenson II of Illinois, and Senator John Sparkman of Alabama

This is a document about 1954 United States Senate election in South Carolina
  Thurmond received support from Governor James F. Byrnes and from those who backed his Presidential bid as a Dixiecrat in the 1948 Presidential election. Thurmond framed the race as a "moral issue: democracy versus committee rule" and his write-in campaign was repeatedly assisted by every newspaper in the state, except for those in Anderson. For instance, The News and Courier devoted its front page on November 2 to show voters a sample ballot and it also provided detailed instructions on how to cast a write-in vote. Not only that, but the newspaper also printed an editorial on the front page giving precise reasons why voters should vote for Thurmond instead of Brown. On the other hand, Brown was supported by the Democratic party regulars and he also gained the endorsement of Senator Olin D. Johnston. Brown based his campaign entirely on the issue of party loyalty, stressing that Thurmond was a Republican ally because he had voted for President Eisenhower in 1952. Marcus A. Stone, a lumberman in Florence and Dillon, was a candidate in previous Democratic primaries for governor and senator. He did very little campaigning for the general election.

The Dixiecrats nominated South Carolina Governor J. Strom Thurmond to run for president in 1948.