Question: when did the fur trade began in canada

Answer: 17th century

This is a document about Marriage à la façon du pays
  The North American fur trade began in the seventeenth century when European and Aboriginal people began meeting at the Saint Lawrence River to trade goods. The Europeans were mainly interested in buying furs for the luxury fur and felt market in Europe. Beaver pelts for use in millinery were particularly sought after. Aboriginal people knew the best places and methods for trapping, and therefore became valuable procurers for the Europeans. Because European traders had no knowledge of the Canadian landscape and climate, they also needed Aboriginal assistance in surviving. In contrast, Aboriginal people were interested in European goods that they previously had no access to, such as metal pots and utensils. As trade continued, the Ojibwa people would act as middlemen for the traders, bringing goods

This is a document about Fur trade
  The North American fur trade began as early as the 1500s between Europeans and First Nations (see: Early French Fur Trading) and was a central part of the early history of contact between Europeans and the native peoples of what is now the United States and Canada. In 1578 there were 350 European fishing vessels at Newfoundland. Sailors began to trade metal implements (particularly knives) for the natives' well-worn pelts. The first pelts in demand were beaver and sea otter, as well as occasionally deer, bear, ermine and skunk. Fur robes were blankets of sewn-together, native-tanned, beaver pelts. The pelts were called castor gras in French and "coat beaver" in English, and were soon

This is a document about The Fur Trade in Canada
  Harold Innis meticulously traces the fur trade over more than four centuries, from the early 16th century to the 1920s. It is a story filled with military conflict between French and English imperial forces and among warring Indigenous peoples. It is also a tale of shrewd barter and commercial rivalry. Yet Innis, the economic historian, tells the story in 400 pages of dry, Euro-centric and dense prose packed with statistics.  Innis begins by chronicling the first contacts between European fishing fleets and eastern native tribes in the early 16th century. After the founding of the French settlement at Quebec in 1608 by Samuel de Champlain, the

This is a document about Made beaver
  Throughout the 17th century, European fishermen and First Nations engaged in the fur trade. These fishermen would not trade directly with hunters. Rather, they would trade goods with First Nation middlemen. Prior to the HBC's formation, French settlers and Indigenous traders exchanged goods for furs near the Ottawa and St. Lawrence Rivers. In 1670 England chartered the HBC. At that time, the company set up a number of trading posts, and by 1718, it had a monopoly on all trade in the basin of Hudson Bay. The British did not use a standardized currency for over 250 years after settling in Canada. During that time, most trade was carried out through the practice of bartering. Eventually, traders began using various foreign coins as stores of value. In order to trade with Indigenous peoples, the HBC standardized the unit of account as the made beaver, or one high quality beaver skin. In 1795, a made beaver could buy eight knives or one kettle, or a gun could be purchased with 10 made beaver pelts.

This is a document about North American fur trade
   The North American fur trade refers to the commercial trade in furs in North America. Various indigenous people of the Americas traded furs with other tribes during the pre-Columbian era. Europeans started their participation in the North American fur trade from the initial period of their colonization of the Americas onward, extending the trade's reach to Europe. European merchants from France, England and the Dutch Republic established trading posts and forts in various regions of North America to conduct the trade with local indigenous tribes. The trade reached the peak of its economic importance in the 19th century, by which time it relied upon elaborately developed trade networks. The trade soon became one of the main economic drivers in North America, attracting competition amongst European nations which maintained trade interests in the Americas. The United States sought to

This is a document about Marriage à la façon du pays
  what is now Canada had been banned by the Hudson's Bay Company as early as 1683. Intermarriage was common from the start of the fur trade, and by 1739 the Company overturned its ban. The practice was both a social and a political institution, securing trade relations between Europeans and aboriginals, just as intermarriage between tribes was a political instrument of the aboriginals themselves. Women played several important roles in the Canadian fur trade. Indigenous women assisted with the survival of the fur traders that overwintered in North America and eventually became responsible for their care. Europeans knew nothing of the vegetation, wildlife, and seasonal rhythms of North America so they relied heavily on the Indigenous people for their survival. Indigenous women connected

This is a document about Economy of Ontario
  The beginning of recorded history in Ontario is marked by the fur trade between Europeans and Native Americans, from which spawned various battles between various European and Native Americans peoples (the French, English, Iroquois and Hurons). As a result of the Jay Treaty in 1793, the fur trade spread to the Northwest and the need for better transport facilities (in addition to the population) grew. 6000 bushels of wheat were bought at Kingston in 1799, and flour was sold in Montreal and Toronto in 1800. The American Revolution, French Revolution, and the Napoleonic Wars (in addition to subsequent immigration from the War of 1812) greatly stimulated the burgeoning timber trade

This is a document about Technological and industrial history of Canada
  fur trade in North America between 1650 and 1850. The subject of bitter rivalry between the British and French Empires and inter-corporate rivalry among a number of business organizations, notably the Hudson's Bay Company and the North West Company, the technology of the trade was the picture of simplicity. Traders, be they French or British, would set out in birch bark canoes loaded with trade goods (knives, axe heads, cloth blankets, alcohol, firearms and other items) and travel west along Canada's numerous rivers, streams and lakes in search of Indians and exchange these items for beaver skins. The skins came from animals trapped by

This is a document about North American fur trade
  The transition from a seasonal coastal trade into a permanent interior fur trade was formally marked with the foundation of Quebec on the Saint Lawrence River in 1608 by Samuel de Champlain, officially establishing the settlement of New France. This settlement marked the beginning of the westward movement of French traders from the first permanent settlement of Tadoussac at the mouth of the Saguenay River on the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, up the Saint Lawrence River and into the pays d'en haut (or "upper country") around the Great Lakes. What followed in the first half of the 17th century were strategic moves by both the French

This is a document about North American fur trade
  French explorer Jacques Cartier in his three voyages into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence in the 1530s and 1540s conducted some of the earliest fur trading between European and First Nations peoples associated with 16th century and later explorations in North America. Cartier attempted limited fur trading with the First Nations in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and along the Saint Lawrence River. He concentrated on trading for furs used as trimming and adornment. He overlooked the fur that would become the driving force of the fur trade in the north, the beaver pelt, which would become fashionable in Europe. The earliest European trading for beaver pelts dated to the growing cod fishing industry that spread to the Grand Banks of the North Atlantic in the 16th century. The new preservation technique of drying fish allowed the mainly Basque fishermen to

This is a document about The North West Company
  The French controlled much of what is now Canada in the early 1700s. As a result, their traders had a large fur trading network. After the conquest of New France by the British in 1763, French traders founded the North West Company and continued expanding their fur trade into the Canadian interior. The competition with the Hudson's Bay Company led to a massive environmental impact with numerous fur trade posts being built, the interior of Canada being explored, and the beaver population being exhausted. The fur trade created conflict which increased tensions between the British, French and the Aboriginals.

This is a document about Shaunavon, Saskatchewan
  fur trade from as early as the 1670s. Recognizing the arrival and impact of epidemic disease known as "virgin soil epidemic", historical experience of indigenous populations. Aboriginal traders periodically suffered from breakdown of the precarious link between Europe and Hudson's Bay. When the French controlled Hudson's Bay, from 1680 to 1713, they were unable to deliver supplies to the region for four years in succession. The complex interaction of the global economy and the spread of disease are illustrated by the virgin soil outbreak of smallpox amongst the Niitsitapi of Southern Alberta prior to 1750. The Cree people of the Saskatchewan parklands did not experience

This is a document about Battle of Fort Albany (1709)
  Following the creation of the Hudson's Bay Company by English investors in 1670, a lucrative fur trade was established on the shores of Hudson Bay by the company. By the early 1680s the company had established several trading posts near the mouths of rivers entering into the bay, and Indians living in those watersheds would deliver their furs to these trading posts in exchange for provisions and European goods, including weapons, ammunition, and other items. The success of this enterprise drew the attention of the authorities in New France, who objected to English encroachment on their claimed territories, and whose fur trade (and concomitant economic benefits) was hurt by the company's activities. Beginning with an expedition in 1686,

This is a document about Canadian canoe routes
  French Era: In the 16th century, cod fishermen began trading for furs, especially at Tadoussac on the St. Lawrence River. With the foundation of Quebec in 1608, Coureurs des bois spread out through the many rivers and lakes to trade with the Indians, while Indians would carry canoe-loads of fur down to Montreal. Nearby tribes became middlemen, drawing furs from further inland. Montreal was the main base where furs were stored before transshipment to Europe. By the end of the period, trade and exploration had spread to all the Great Lakes and was extending down the Mississippi. Meanwhile, the British maintained posts on Hudson Bay, ignored the interior and waited for Indians to bring furs

This is a document about Canadian canoe routes
  them. British Era: The second era began when trade reached the pays d'en haut west of Lake Superior. In these cold lands beaver had longer and thicker fur. After the British conquered Canada in 1759, management of the Montreal trade was taken over by English-speakers while the real work continued to be done by French-Canadians. The Montreal-based North West Company was formed in 1779 largely because distances had become so great as to require a highly organized transport system (The Athabasca country was 3000 miles from Montreal and a canoe might go 1000 miles in a month). The independent coureur des bois was replaced by hired voyageurs. Since the west country was too far for

This is a document about North West Company
  After the French landed in Quebec in 1608, coureurs des bois spread out and built a fur trade empire in the St. Lawrence basin. The French competed with the Dutch (from 1614) and English (1664) in New York and the English in Hudson Bay (1670). Unlike the French who travelled into the northern interior and traded with First Nations in their camps and villages, the English made bases at trading posts on Hudson Bay, inviting the indigenous people to trade. After 1731, La Vérendrye pushed trade west beyond Lake Winnipeg. After the British conquest of New France in 1763 (and the defeat of France in Europe), the management of the fur trading posts was taken over by English-speakers. These so-called "pedlars" began to merge because competition cost them money and because of the high costs of outfitting canoes to the far west.

This is a document about Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness
  In 1688 the French explorer Jacques de Noyon became the first European known to have traveled through the BWCAW area. Later, during the 1730s, La Vérendrye and others opened the region to trade, mainly in beaver pelts. By the end of the 18th century, the fur trade had been organized into groups of canoe-paddling voyageurs working for the competing North West and Hudson's Bay Companies, with a North West Company fort located at the Grand Portage on Lake Superior. The final rendezvous was held at Grand Portage in 1803, after which the North West Company moved its operations further north to Fort William

This is a document about Métis in Alberta
  the west (called Rupert's Land) was sold to the newly formed Dominion of Canada with the passing of The British North America Act, 1867 (Canadas founding Constitution, 1867). The sale of the Hudson's Bay Company's territory in 1869/70 officially ended its legal monopoly on the fur trade (not enforced since the trial of Métis trapper Guillaume Sayer in 1849). The fur trade was an economic boom for the Métis as it opened the fur and buffalo meat trades to private Métis and non-Metis traders. However, it also exposed them to a flood of European and Canadian colonists seeking to profit and disenfranchise

This is a document about Ear Falls
  The beginning of the 17th century marked the arrival of French explorers to Northwestern Ontario and the beginning of the fur trade. The fur trade would remain the predominant business in the North for the next 200 years. The Hudson's Bay Company and the North West Company were rivals for most of the fur trade era. In 1821 both companies united, and posts were set up in the Ear Falls area on Lac Seul and Red Lake. Remains of these posts could be seen along the lakes in the area until the 1920s when the construction of the Lac Seul Dam caused a rise in the water levels and the remnants of the fur trade were covered with water. The arrival of the railway in the 1880s began the decline of the fur trade. The Hudson's Bay Company shifted the focus of their posts to meet the needs of the new residents in the area: supplies for miners, lumbermen and settlers were sold at posts and stores in the Ear Falls area.

This is a document about Hudson's Bay Company
  fur trade, prices for items varied from post to post.  The early coastal factory model of the English contrasted with the system of the French, who established an extensive system of inland posts at native villages and sent traders to live among the tribes of the region, learning their languages and often forming alliances through marriages with indigenous women. In March 1686 the French sent a raiding party under the Chevalier des Troyes more than 1300 km to capture the HBC posts along James Bay. The French appointed Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, who had shown great heroism during the raids, as commander of the

The fur trade in Canada began as early as the 1500s, with European explorers and traders exchanging metal implements for furs with First Nations peoples. The first recorded fur trade transaction was between a European fisherman and a First Nations fisherman in 1550. The Hudson's Bay Company, a major player in the fur trade, was established in 1670 and began trading with the First Nations in the region. The use of the "made beaver" as a standard unit of account became common in the late 18th century.


Question: when did england last win the eurovision song contest

Answer: 1997

This is a document about United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018
  Prior to the 2018 contest, the United Kingdom has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest sixty times. Thus far, the United Kingdom has won the contest five times: in 1967 with the song "Puppet on a String" performed by Sandie Shaw, in 1969 with the song "Boom Bang-a-Bang" performed by Lulu, in 1976 with the song "Save Your Kisses for Me" performed by Brotherhood of Man, in 1981 with the song "Making Your Mind Up" performed by Bucks Fizz and in 1997 with the song "Love Shine a Light" performed by Katrina and the Waves. To this point, the nation is noted for having finished

This is a document about United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019
  Prior to the 2019 contest, the United Kingdom participated in the Eurovision Song Contest sixty-one times. Thus far, the United Kingdom has won the contest five times: in 1967 with the song "Puppet on a String" performed by Sandie Shaw, in 1969 with the song "Boom Bang-a-Bang" performed by Lulu, in 1976 with the song "Save Your Kisses for Me" performed by Brotherhood of Man, in 1981 with the song "Making Your Mind Up" performed by Bucks Fizz and in 1997 with the song "Love Shine a Light" performed by Katrina and the Waves. To this point, the nation is noted for having finished as the runner-up

This is a document about United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2020
  Prior to the 2020 contest, the United Kingdom participated in the Eurovision Song Contest sixty-two times. Thus far, the United Kingdom has won the contest five times: in 1967 with the song "Puppet on a String" performed by Sandie Shaw, in 1969 with the song "Boom Bang-a-Bang" performed by Lulu, in 1976 with the song "Save Your Kisses for Me" performed by Brotherhood of Man, in 1981 with the song "Making Your Mind Up" performed by Bucks Fizz and in 1997 with the song "Love Shine a Light" performed by Katrina and the Waves. To this point, the nation is

This is a document about United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017
  Prior to the 2017 contest, the United Kingdom has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest fifty-nine times. Thus far, the United Kingdom has won the contest five times: in 1967 with the song "Puppet on a String" performed by Sandie Shaw, in 1969 with the song "Boom Bang-a-Bang" performed by Lulu, in 1976 with the song "Save Your Kisses for Me" performed by Brotherhood of Man, in 1981 with the song "Making Your Mind Up" performed by Bucks Fizz and in 1997 with the song "Love Shine a Light" performed by Katrina and the Waves. To this point, the nation is noted for

This is a document about United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2021
  Prior to the 2021 contest, the United Kingdom participated in the Eurovision Song Contest sixty-two times. Thus far, the United Kingdom has won the contest five times: in 1967 with the song "Puppet on a String" performed by Sandie Shaw, in 1969 with the song "Boom Bang-a-Bang" performed by Lulu, in 1976 with the song "Save Your Kisses for Me" performed by Brotherhood of Man, in 1981 with the song "Making Your Mind Up" performed by Bucks Fizz and in 1997 with the song "Love Shine a Light" performed by Katrina and the Waves. To this point, the nation is noted for having finished as the runner-up in

This is a document about United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009
  The United Kingdom sent its fifty-second entry to the Eurovision Song Contest in 2009. It automatically qualified to the final as one of the "Big Four" countries that pays the most money to the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) for the organisation of the event. The United Kingdom's result history has varied. The country is one of the most successful at the contest, having won on five occasions (in 1967, 1969, 1976, 1981 and 1997), however, it has only made the Top 10 on two occasions since the turn of the millennium, as well as coming last three times during that period (in 2003, 2008 and 2010). The leader of the Conservative Party,

This is a document about United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015
  Prior to the 2015 Contest, the United Kingdom had participated in the Eurovision Song Contest fifty-seven times since its first entry in 1957. The United Kingdom has, thus far, won the competition five times: in 1967 with the song "Puppet on a String" performed by Sandie Shaw, in 1969 with the song "Boom Bang-a-Bang" performed by Lulu, in 1976 with the song "Save Your Kisses for Me" performed by Brotherhood of Man, in 1981 with the song "Making Your Mind Up" performed by Bucks Fizz, and in 1997 with the song "Love Shine a Light" performed by Katrina and the Waves. To this point, the nation is noted for having finished as the runner-up in a record fifteen contests. Up to and including 1998, the UK had only twice finished outside the top

This is a document about United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016
  Prior to the 2016 contest, the United Kingdom has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest fifty-eight times. Thus far, the United Kingdom has won the contest five times: in 1967 with the song "Puppet on a String" performed by Sandie Shaw, in 1969 with the song "Boom Bang-a-Bang" performed by Lulu, in 1976 with the song "Save Your Kisses for Me" performed by Brotherhood of Man, in 1981 with the song "Making Your Mind Up" performed by Bucks Fizz and in 1997 with the song "Love Shine a Light" performed by Katrina and the Waves. To this point, the nation is noted for having finished as the runner-up in

This is a document about United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013
  Prior to the 2013 contest, the United Kingdom has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest fifty-five times. Thus far, the United Kingdom has won the contest five times: in 1967 with the song "Puppet on a String" performed by Sandie Shaw, in 1969 with the song "Boom Bang-a-Bang" performed by Lulu, in 1976 with the song "Save Your Kisses for Me" performed by Brotherhood of Man, in 1981 with the song "Making Your Mind Up" performed by Bucks Fizz and in 1997 with the song "Love Shine a Light" performed by Katrina and the Waves. To this point, the nation is

This is a document about United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012
  Prior to the 2012 contest, the United Kingdom has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest fifty-four times. Thus far, the United Kingdom has won the contest five times: in 1967 with the song "Puppet on a String" performed by Sandie Shaw, in 1969 with the song "Boom Bang-a-Bang" performed by Lulu, in 1976 with the song "Save Your Kisses for Me" performed by Brotherhood of Man, in 1981 with the song "Making Your Mind Up" performed by Bucks Fizz and in 1997 with the song "Love Shine a Light" performed by Katrina and the Waves. To this point, the nation is noted for having

This is a document about United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2014
  Prior to the 2014 contest, the United Kingdom has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest fifty-six times. Thus far, the United Kingdom has won the contest five times: in 1967 with the song "Puppet on a String" performed by Sandie Shaw, in 1969 with the song "Boom Bang-a-Bang" performed by Lulu, in 1976 with the song "Save Your Kisses for Me" performed by Brotherhood of Man, in 1981 with the song "Making Your Mind Up" performed by Bucks Fizz and in 1997 with the song "Love Shine a Light" performed by Katrina and the Waves. To this point, the nation is noted for having finished as the runner-up in a record fifteen contests. Up to and including 1998, the UK had only twice finished outside the top 10, in 1978 and 1987. Since 1999, the year in which the rule was

This is a document about United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011
  Prior to the 2011 contest, the United Kingdom has participated in the Eurovision Song Contest fifty-three times. Thus far, the United Kingdom has won the contest five times: in 1967 with the song "Puppet on a String" performed by Sandie Shaw, in 1969 with the song "Boom Bang-a-Bang" performed by Lulu, in 1976 with the song "Save Your Kisses for Me" performed by Brotherhood of Man, in 1981 with the song "Making Your Mind Up" performed by Bucks Fizz and in 1997 with the song "Love Shine a Light" performed by Katrina and the Waves. To this point, the nation is noted for having finished as the runner-up in a record fifteen contests. Up to

This is a document about United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2020
  for having finished as the runner-up in a record fifteen contests. Up to and including 1998, the UK had only twice finished outside the top 10, in 1978 and 1987. Since 1999, the year in which the rule was abandoned that songs must be performed in one of the official languages of the country participating, the UK has had less success, thus far only finishing within the top ten twice: in 2002 with the song "Come Back" performed by Jessica Garlick and in 2009 with the song "It's My Time" performed by Jade Ewen. For the 2019 contest, the United

This is a document about United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019
  a record fifteen contests. Up to and including 1998, the UK had only twice finished outside the top 10, in 1978 and 1987. Since 1999, the year in which the rule was abandoned that songs must be performed in one of the official languages of the country participating, the UK has had less success, thus far only finishing within the top ten twice: in 2002 with the song "Come Back" performed by Jessica Garlick and in 2009 with the song "It's My Time" performed by Jade Ewen. For the 2018 contest, the United Kingdom finished in twenty-fourth place out of twenty-six competing entries with the song "Storm"

This is a document about United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017
  finished as the runner-up in a record fifteen contests. Up to and including 1998, the UK had only twice finished outside the top 10, in 1978 and 1987. Since 1999, the year in which the rule was abandoned that songs must be performed in one of the official languages of the country taking part, the UK has had less success, thus far only finishing within the top ten twice: in 2002 with the song "Come Back" performed by Jessica Garlick and in 2009 with the song "It's My Time" performed by Jade Ewen. For the 2016 contest, the United Kingdom finished in twenty-fourth

This is a document about List of Eurovision Song Contest winners
  Eleven Eurovision winners (alongside three non-winners) featured at the Congratulations concert in 2005, in which ABBA's "Waterloo" was voted the most popular song of the contest's first fifty years. has finished first seven times, more than any other country. Ireland also won the contest for three consecutive years (1992, 1993, 1994), the only country to ever do so. Three countries have won twice in a row: (1968 and 1969),  (1972 and 1973) and  (1978 and 1979). is the only country to win with its debut entry (in 2007), although Serbia had competed previously as part of Yugoslavia and Serbia and Montenegro. By contrast, Portugal

This is a document about United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018
  the runner-up in a record fifteen contests. Up to and including 1998, the UK had only twice finished outside the top 10, in 1978 and 1987. Since 1999, the year in which the rule was abandoned that songs must be performed in one of the official languages of the country participating, the UK has had less success, thus far only finishing within the top ten twice: in 2002 with the song "Come Back" performed by Jessica Garlick and in 2009 with the song "It's My Time" performed by Jade Ewen. For the 2017 contest, the United Kingdom finished in fifteenth place out of twenty-six competing

This is a document about United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016
  record fifteen contests. Up to and including 1998, the UK had only twice finished outside the top 10, in 1978 and 1987. Since 1999, the year in which the rule was abandoned that songs must be performed in one of the official languages of the country participating, the UK has had less success, thus far only finishing within the top ten twice: in 2002 with the song "Come Back" performed by Jessica Garlick and in 2009 with the song "It's My Time" performed by Jade Ewen. For the 2015 contest, the United Kingdom finished in twenty-fourth place out of twenty-seven competing entries with the song "Still in Love

This is a document about Melodifestivalen
  Fifty-six of Sweden's fifty-seven Eurovision representatives have come from Melodifestivalen; the 2020 winner was scheduled to participate in Eurovision before the latter was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Sweden has won the Eurovision Song Contest six times: in 1974, 1984, 1991, 1999, 2012 and 2015. Sweden has the second highest number of wins for a country at Eurovision; only Ireland has won the contest more. The 1974 Eurovision winner, ABBA's "Waterloo", was voted the most popular Melodifestivalen song of all time at the Alla tiders Melodifestival gala in March 2005. Later that year, it was voted most popular Eurovision song of the contest's first fifty years at a gala in Copenhagen. The following table lists those entries which finished fifth or higher at Eurovision:

This is a document about Eurovision Song Contest 1997
  points. "Love Shine a Light" is regarded as one of the most successful Eurovision winners, and was the closing song in the medleys that opened the 50th anniversary show Congratulations in Copenhagen in 2005, and the ESC 2006 semi-final in Athens. With this victory, the United Kingdom has five Eurovision wins and it is to date the country's last win in the Contest. After the 2020 contest was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the European Broadcasting Union aired a replacement show titled Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light, part of which featured the 41 scheduled acts performing "Love Shine a Light", alongside footage of European landmarks being lit up in tribute to the contest.

The last time the United Kingdom won the Eurovision Song Contest was in 1997 with the song "Love Shine a Light" performed by Katrina and the Waves.


Question: what channel will rick and morty season 3 be on

Answer: Cartoon Network

This is a document about Rick and Morty (season 3)
  The third season of Rick and Morty originally aired Sundays at 11:30 p.m EST. on Adult Swim, the adult-oriented nighttime programming block of Cartoon Network. The network offered free livestreams for the first two episodes of the season, with the remaining episodes requiring a cable subscription to watch the show live as it aired. Following the conclusion of the show's third season, Adult Swim made a livestream marathon of Rick and Morty available to watch on its official website in select regions, hoping to dissuade viewers from watching other illegal livestreams. The episodes were made available to watch on Netflix in a number of countries

This is a document about Rick and Morty (season 3)
  The third season of Rick and Morty, an American animated television series created by Dan Harmon and Justin Roiland, originally aired on Cartoon Network's late night programming block, Adult Swim. It premiered with "The Rickshank Rickdemption", which aired unannounced on April 1, 2017, as part of Adult Swim's annual April Fools' prank. As a result of production delays, the remaining episodes began airing weekly nearly four months later, on July 30, 2017. The season comprised ten episodes but it originally was supposed to fourteen episodes, and its initial airing concluded on October 1, 2017. The premiere picks up where the second-season finale left off, as the show continues to follow the adventures of the members of the Smith household. When Jerry asks Beth to choose between him and Rick, the strength of their marriage is tested. Jerry is

This is a document about Rick and Morty
  The show is available to watch on Netflix in a number of countries, including Australia, while the first four seasons are available to stream in the United States on both Hulu and HBO Max. Following the conclusion of the show's third season, Adult Swim made a livestream marathon of Rick and Morty available to watch on its official website in select regions, hoping to dissuade viewers from watching other illegal livestreams. In the United Kingdom, public-service broadcaster Channel 4 outbid Netflix and began airing the series with season 4, which represents its first pickup by an international television channel. Season 4 was originally scheduled to premiere on Channel 4 in January 2020; viewer complaints resulted in the broadcaster moving the first episode forward to November 20 on E4. In Canada, the series initially premiered on Adult Swim on January 10, 2016; and in Quebec, it premiered on Télétoon's Télétoon la nuit block on May 18, 2018.

This is a document about Rick and Morty
  to October 2015, and comprised ten episodes. In an interview with The Hollywood Reporter, Roiland said that Rick and Morty will remain "a big priority above anything else" for him in the future, and expressed his intention to keep the show growing. Adult Swim renewed Rick and Morty for a third season in August 2015, shortly after a successful second-season premiere. The two co-creators and executive producers expressed their delight at the series' popularity. The season premiered unannounced on April 1, 2017, as part of an April Fools' Day prank. The remaining episodes began airing weekly almost four months later, continuing in the same time

This is a document about Adult Swim (British and Irish TV programming block)
  truTV, then owned by Turner, making several series available to Freeview users. The TRUTV block stopped at the end of 2016, Turner selling the channel to Sony Pictures Television in early 2017. The AS programming block ceased on Fox on 1 September 2017. Following the demise of the Fox and truTV blocks, Rick and Morty was sold to Comedy Central UK, which premiered the show's third season in the UK, and Netflix. It was announced in January 2019 that Channel 4 had partnered with Adult Swim to introduce a new one-hour Adult Swim programming block would be introduced on E4 from February

This is a document about Rickmancing the Stone
  On August 12, 2015, short after the premiere of the second season, the show was renewed for a third season. The first episode of Rick and Morty season three, entitled "The Rickshank Rickdemption", was released on April 1, 2017, as part of Adult Swim annual April Fools' Day prank. The rest of the episodes weren't released until later that year, starting with "Rickmancing the Stone" on July 30, airing weekly until October 1, 2017. The title of the episode was revealed on July 13, 2017. Later that month, on July 20, Jane Becker announced on Twitter that she would write "Rickmancing

This is a document about Rick and Morty
  every episode, "inside the episode", the origins of Rick and Morty, and an exclusive "inside the recording booth" session. On February 12, 2019, a set containing seasons 1–3 was released on DVD and Blu-ray. Uncensored versions of the show are also available to purchase on various digital platforms, including iTunes and Amazon, with the digital releases of each season containing bonus material. The digital release of the first season includes the 2013 Rick and Morty Comic-Con panel, the digital release of the second season includes the 2015 ATX Television Festival panel, and the digital release of the third season includes commentary on every episode, as well as seven more short videos featuring co-creators Dan Harmon and Justin Roiland.

This is a document about Rick and Morty (franchise)
  animatics for every episode, "inside the episode", the origins of Rick and Morty, and an exclusive "inside the recording booth" session. On February 12, 2019, a set containing seasons 1-3 was released on DVD and Blu-ray. Uncensored versions of the show are also available to purchase on various digital platforms, including iTunes and Amazon, with the digital releases of each season containing bonus material. The digital release of the first season includes the 2013 Rick and Morty Comic-Con panel, the digital release of the second season includes the 2015 ATX Television Festival panel, and the digital release of the third season includes commentary on every episode, as well as seven more short videos featuring co-creators Dan Harmon and Justin Roiland.

This is a document about Adult Swim
  English with French subtitles. A new Adult Swim block launched in March 2015 on L'Enôrme TV. The block stopped broadcasting in June 2016. On May 15, 2019, Warner Media France announced through a Twitter post that Season 4 of Rick and Morty would air exclusively on Adult Swim in November. In the same post, they announced that a new Adult Swim block would launch in France in July 2019. On July 24, 2019, Adult Swim France announced on Twitter that the block would return at 11p.m. CET on Toonami. From this day on, Adult Swim's French counterpart airs each night on Toonami between 11p.m. and 2a.m. with on-demand services available on French online TV and on-demand provider Molotov TV.

This is a document about Samurai Jack (season 5)
  On January 24, 2017, Adult Swim announced in an interstitial bumper that the show would debut on March 11, 2017. The first three episodes of the season were screened at the Ace Hotel Los Angeles two days before the season's television premiere. An unannounced change in schedule on April Fools' Day supplanted a new Samurai Jack episode with the premiere of the third season of Rick and Morty, which aired repeatedly from 8 PM to midnight ET.

This is a document about Rick and Morty (season 3)
  [[File:Rick and Morty (season 3) - Ratings.png|thumb|right|340px|Ratings for the third season of Rick and Morty. Unannounced premiere Weekly episodes]] Rick and Morty completed its third season with overall viewership numbers increased by 81% over the previous season, and delivered the highest ratings in Adult Swim's history. Rick and Morty was the most popular television comedy within the 18–24 and 18–34 age ranges in the United States, based on "Live+7" ratings data spanning from December 2016 to September 2017. This rating system tracks live viewership plus streaming and on-demand viewing over an initial week-long period, and provides a more accurate picture of delayed viewing as compared to "Live+Same Day" ratings. Considering that episodes of the third season originally aired at 11:30

This is a document about Adult Swim (British and Irish TV programming block)
  It was also revealed that Channel 4 would air numerous episodes of AS content on its online streaming and catch-up platform, All 4 as well as exclusively airing the upcoming fourth season of Rick and Morty on Channel 4. On 1 February, it was announced that Adult Swim would be coming to E4 on 15 February. It teased shows like Aqua Teen Hunger Force, Mr. Pickles, Rick and Morty, Robot Chicken and more. On 15 February 2019, E4 started airing the Adult Swim programming block by airing Rick and Morty Season 1 and the Robot Chicken Walking Dead Special: Look Who's Walking.

This is a document about Solar Opposites
  On August 28, 2018, it was announced that Hulu had given the production a series order for two seasons consisting of sixteen episodes. The series was created by Rick and Morty co-creator Justin Roiland and Mike McMahan who were also expected to serve as executive producers. Production companies involved with the series are slated to consist of 20th Television. On June 18, 2020, Hulu renewed the series for a third season consisting of 12 episodes. On June 22, 2021, Hulu renewed the series for a fourth season consisting of 12 episodes.

This is a document about Rick and Morty (season 3)
  Rick and Morty received a total of eight nominations for its third season in 2017 and 2018, of which it won an IGN Award and a Critics' Choice Television Award, both in the categories for "Best Animated Series". Furthermore, the episode "Pickle Rick" received three nominations, of which it won an Emmy Award for "Outstanding Animated Program" and an Annie Award for "Best General Audience Animated Television/Broadcast Production". With two nominations, "The Ricklantis Mixup" was another awarded episode of the season, that won its writers Ryan Ridley and Dan Guterman an Annie Award for "Outstanding Achievement for Writing in an Animated Television/Broadcast Production". Justin Roiland won an IGN Award for "Best Comedic TV Performance", while Christian Slater was nominated for a BTVA Voice Acting Award for his performance in "Vindicators 3: The Return of Worldender".

This is a document about Pickle Rick
  The episode's premiere on Adult Swim was watched by 2.31 million viewers. Several critics commented on the fan enthusiasm, such as Blumenfeld, who said it was "arguably the most eagerly anticipated Rick and Morty episode ever" due to the large amount of teaser content released. In June 2017, Julia Alexander of Polygon argued that "Pickle Rick is already everyone's favorite character from Rick and Morty's third season", citing fan actions such as creating Twitter and Tumblr accounts for the character. Alexander commented that the show has "found a dedicated fan base because of the absurdity it bases its comedy in". In 2021, a United States Air

This is a document about Rick and Morty (season 4)
  The fourth season of the animated television series Rick and Morty was confirmed by Adult Swim in May 2018. The season consists of 10 episodes. The first five episodes of the season aired from November 10, 2019 to December 15, 2019, while the remaining five aired from May 3, 2020 to May 31, 2020.

This is a document about Rick and Morty
  contract negotiations, Adult Swim announced a long-term deal with the creators, ordering 70 new episodes over an unspecified number of seasons. Roiland was confident that this big renewal deal would allow the creators to minimize the gaps between seasons, as they would be able to schedule their time around the show and "keep the machine going." In May 2019, the fourth season of Rick and Morty was announced to debut in November 2019. The fourth season consisted of ten episodes split across two airings. The first five episodes began airing on November 10, 2019, while the remaining five episodes began airing on May 3, 2020.

This is a document about Rick and Morty (season 3)
  the United States, one week after their original airdate. The season was added to Hulu on June 23, 2018, with the expansion following a similar timeline with that of the two previous seasons for the streaming service. Uncensored versions of the season are also available to purchase on various digital distribution platforms, including iTunes, Amazon and Microsoft Store. The digital release includes commentaries on every episode, and seven more short videos featuring co-creators Dan Harmon and Justin Roiland. The season was released on DVD and Blu-ray on May 15, 2018, with special features including exclusive commentary and animatics for every episode, the origins of Rick

This is a document about Never Ricking Morty
  The episode was broadcast by Adult Swim on May 3, 2020. According to Nielsen Media Research, "Never Ricking Morty" was seen by 1.55 million household viewers in the United States and received a 0.87 rating among the 18–49 adult demographic.

This is a document about Adult Swim
  in another rare double prank, the evening portion of Adult Swim was replaced with the unannounced Rick and Morty Season 3 premiere. The episode "The Rickshank Rickdemption" aired repeatedly from 8pm until midnight on TV (shortening Toonami in the process and pre-empting premieres of Samurai Jack and Dragon Ball Super), and was also streaming on a loop on the adultswim.com streams all night. The bumps included new commissioned idents related to Rick and Morty and announcement promos of upcoming shows and seasons. The premiere was aired repeatedly on Adult Swim for the following week, airing at 10:00 p.m. (and repeating later

In the United States, Rick and Morty season 3 aired on Adult Swim on Cartoon Network. In the United Kingdom, it was available to stream on Netflix. In Canada, it was available to stream on Netflix. In Australia, it was available to stream on Netflix. In the United States, it was also available to stream on Hulu. In the United Kingdom, it was available to stream on Channel 4's streaming service, All 4. In India, it was available to stream on Netflix. In the United States, it was also available to stream on HBO Max. In the United Kingdom


Question: who is the current agriculture minister of india

Answer: Radha Mohan Singh

This is a document about Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare
  The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare (Hindi: Krishi Avam Kisaan Kalyaan Vibhaag), formerly the Ministry of Agriculture, is a branch of the Government of India and the apex body for formulation and administration of the rules and regulations and laws related to agriculture in India. The three broad areas of scope for the Ministry are agriculture, food processing and co-operation. The agriculture ministry is headed by Minister of Agriculture Narendra Singh Tomar. Abhishek Singh Chauhan, Krishna Raj and Parsottambhai Rupala are the Ministers of State. Sharad Pawar, serving from 22 May 2004 to 26 May 2014, has held the office of Minister of Agriculture for the longest continuous period till date. India is a largely agrarian economy - with 52.1% of the population estimated to be directly or indirectly employed in agriculture and allied sectors in 2009–10.

This is a document about Department of Adi Dravidar and Tribal Welfare (Tamil Nadu)
 S. Damodaran - Minister for Agriculture

This is a document about 2020 Indian agriculture acts
  The Indian agriculture acts of 2020, often termed the Farm Bills, are three acts initiated by the Parliament of India in September 2020. The Lok Sabha approved the bills on 17 September 2020 and the Rajya Sabha on 20 September 2020. The President of India, Ram Nath Kovind, gave his assent on 27 September 2020. The laws would have deregulated a system of government-run wholesale markets, allowing farmers to sell directly to food processors, but farmers feared that this would result in the end of government-guaranteed price floors, thereby reducing the prices they would receive for their crops. This inspired protests against the new acts. On 12 January 2021, the Supreme Court stayed the implementation of the farm laws and appointed a committee to look into farmer grievances related to the farm laws. In a televised address on 19 November 2021, Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India, announced that his government would repeal the laws in the upcoming parliamentary session in December. On 1 December 2021, the laws were formally repealed.

This is a document about M. R. K. Panneerselvam
  As promised in the DMK election manifesto, a separate Agriculture Budget for the state was presented on 14 August 2021. MRK Panneerselvam, the minister for agriculture and farmer’s welfare, presented the budget and said that it was in line with the views of farmers and experts, whose opinions were sought before preparing it. Minister for Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare MRK Pannerselvam began the presentation by dedicating the budget to those farmers who are protesting at New Delhi against the farm laws.

This is a document about Minister for Agriculture and Western New South Wales
  The following individuals have served as Minister for Agriculture, or any precedent titles:

This is a document about Kailash Choudhary
  He was a former member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly representing the Baytu Vidhan Sabha constituency of Rajasthan. He is a Bharatiya Janata Party member. On 31 May 2019, Choudhary became Minister of State for Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. On, 9 August 2020, he gave the news of being COVID-19 positive through Twitter.

This is a document about Minister of Agriculture (Guyana)
  The Minister of Agriculture is a member of the executive branch of government in the country of Guyana. He or she is based at the Ministry of Agriculture, in Regent Street, Georgetown. The current minister is Zulfikar Mustapha, who was appointed to the position in 2020.

This is a document about Cabinet Committee on Political Affairs
 Narendra Modi, Prime Minister ; Rajnath Singh, Minister of Defence ; Amit Shah, Minister of Home Affairs ; Nitin Gadkari, Minister for Road Transport & Highways, Minister of Shipping, and Minister of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises ; Nirmala Sitharaman, Minister of Finance and Corporate Affairs ; Ram Vilas Paswan, Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution ; Narendra Singh Tomar, Minister of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare and Minister of Rural Development ; Ravi Shankar Prasad, Minister of Law and Justice, Minister of Electronics and Information Technology, and Minister of Communications ; Harsimrat Kaur Badal, Minister of Food Processing Industries ; Dr. Harsh Vardhan, Minister of Science and Technology, Minister of Health and Family Welfare, and Minister of Earth Sciences ; Piyush Goyal, Minister of Railways and Minister of Commerce and Industry ; Pralhad Joshi, Minister of Parliamentary Affairs, Minister of Coal, and Minister of Mines ; Arvind Sawant, Minister of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises ; Sarbananda Sonowal, Minister of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, Minister of AYUSH The Prime Minister of India can select and dismiss members of Cabinet Committees as he sees fit. As of June 2019, the committee consists of the following members:

This is a document about 2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest
  P. T. Usha, Manika Batra, Saina Nehwal, Geeta Phogat also posted tweets with the hashtags #IndiaTogether and #IndiaAgainstPropaganda. The Ministry of External Affairs statement characterised a "small section of farmers" as protesting against the legislation and highlighted the Prime Minister's offer to keep the laws on hold. In February 2021, Twitter removed over 500 accounts that criticized Narendra Modi's government for its conduct during Indian farmers' protests. Ravi Shankar Prasad, the justice and technology minister, told India's parliament: "I politely remind the companies, whether it is Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn or WhatsApp or anyone, they are free to work in India, do business, but they need to respect the Indian Constitution."

This is a document about Ministry of Agriculture (Sri Lanka)
  The Ministry of Agriculture is the central government ministry of Sri Lanka responsible for agriculture. The ministry is responsible for formulating and implementing national policy on home affairs and other subjects which come under its purview. The current Minister of Agriculture and State Minister of Agriculture are Duminda Dissanayake and Wasantha Aluvihare respectively. The ministry's secretary is B. Wijayaratne.

This is a document about Vasudev V. Shenoy
  a natural air conditioner for the house controlling the temperature inside it. The natural conditions created within the pots are perhaps excellent guards against extremes of temperatures. Thus even seasonal fruits and vegetables are reaped almost throughout the year. The accolades of distinguished visitors like the then Union Agriculture Minister Balram Jakhar, Mr. Suresh Angadi, M.P, Bharatiya Janata Party. Dr. Vittal Rai, Vice-Chancellor of the Agriculture University, Dharwad, Dr. Beer Singh Chowdary, President of the Bharat Krishika Samaj, U.T. Alwa, Special Secretary to the Government of Karnataka, Forest Department Environment and Ecology have added to the enthusiasm of the garden

This is a document about Ministry of Agriculture (Maharashtra)
 Dadaji Bhuse, Minister of Agriculture ; Sandipanrao Bhumre, Minister of Horticulture ; Shankarrao Gadakh, Minister of Soil and Water Conservation Agriculture section has three different ministers and divisions.

This is a document about Minister of Agriculture and Food Industries (Malaysia)
  The following individuals have been appointed as Minister of Agriculture, or any of its precedent titles: Political Party:

This is a document about Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
  The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Minister of Agriculture is the head of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Department of Agriculture, concerned with Agriculture. The Minister is a member of the Chief Minister's Cabinet. Mr. Muhib Ullah Khan was appointed as Minister of Agriculture by Chief Minister of KP Mahmood Khan on 30 August 2018. The duties of the minister revolve around Agriculture conditions and concerns in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. This includes advising the Chief Minister on matters of Agriculture. It strives to administer the department of Agriculture to carry out approved programs and make the public aware of the objectives of the department.

This is a document about Brahma Kumaris
 1. A self empowerment program for Indian farmers; ; 2. Ongoing research on whether the use of meditation can improve crop yields; ; 3. Education on a blend of traditional and organic farming techniques. Sustainable Yogic Agriculture (SYA) is a program started in Northern India in 2009. The program has been a collaboration between Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University in Gujarat India and the Brahma Kumaris Rural Development wing. The program has now been publicly backed by the Indian Government. A key member of Narendra Modi's Cabinet, Agriculture Minister Radha Mohan Singh announced the governments support for the program. With the governments support

This is a document about Second Devi Lal ministry
 Dr. Raghuvir Singh, Minister of State for Cooperation ; Dharambir, Minister of State for Transport ; Balbir Singh, Minister of State for Labour and Employment ; Azmat Khan, Minister of State for Animal Husbandry ; Sita Ram Singla, Minister of State for Sports and Cultural Affairs ; Nar Singh, Minister of State for Food and Supplies ; Hari Singh, Minister of State for Civil Aviation ; Manphool Singh, Minister of State for Printing and Stationery ; Hasan Mohammad, Minister of State for Wakf ; Lachhman Singh, Minister of State for Housing ; Sachdev, Minister of State for Dairy Development

This is a document about Narendra Singh Tomar
  Narendra Singh Tomar (born 12 June 1957) is an Indian politician and a member of the 17th Lok Sabha. He is the incumbent Minister of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare. He has been Minister of Rural Development, Minister of Panchayati Raj, Minister of Mines and Minister of Parliamentary Affairs in the Government of India during different periods of the First and Second Modi ministry. He is a leader of Bharatiya Janata Party. He was also a member of Fifteenth Lok Sabha from 2009 to 2014 from Morena and Sixteenth Lok Sabha from 2014 to 2019 from Gwalior. In 2019, he changed his constituency and was re-elected to the Lok Sabha from Morena.

This is a document about Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana
  times the UK population, and twice the European Union's population". Modi thanked the "hardworking farmers and honest taxpayers" in his speech for the success of the scheme. Immediately after Modi's announcement, the Home Minister of India, Amit Shah, called a meeting of the Group of Ministers to ensure the smooth implementation of the scheme. In response to the states' request for an extension of the food security program, Minister for Food Supplies Ram Vilas Paswan further commented that another flagship scheme of the government, "One Nation - One Ration Card", is being planned and scheduled to be launched in March 2021. The new proposed scheme is devised to cater especially to migrant laborers to help them receive subsidized grain from any "fair price" shops across the country.

This is a document about Lakhimpur Kheri violence
  The 2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest is an ongoing protest against three farm acts which were passed by the BJP-led Union Government in the BJP controlled Parliament of India in September 2020. In September 2021, Ajay Mishra Teni, a BJP leader and the Minister of State for Home Affairs was attending an event in the Palia town of Lakhimpur Kheri district. During the event, the farmers had shown black flags as a sign of protest. Teni had threatened the farmers in his speech saying, "Sudhar jao, nahi toh hum aapko sudhaar denge, do minute lagega keval" (You better mend your ways, or we will teach you a lesson, it will only take a couple of minutes.) Tajinder Singh Virk, a farmer leader, later organised a protest against Teni's upcoming visit, in response to this threat. On 3 October, BJP leaders Ajay Mishra Teni and Keshav Prasad Maurya had planned to attend an event in the area. Keshav Prasad Maurya is the deputy chief minister of Uttar Pradesh.

This is a document about Vishwanath Pratap Singh ministry
 Subodh Kant Sahay - Minister of State for Home Affairs ; Nitish Kumar - Minister of State for Agriculture ; Maneka Gandhi - Minister of State for Environment & Forests ; Dr Raja Ramanna - Minister of State for Defence ; Prof M. G. K. Menon - Minister of State for Science and Technology ; Ram Pujan Patel - Minister of State for Food and Civil Supplies ; Manubhai Kotadia - Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Water Resources

Narendra Singh Tomar is the current Agriculture Minister of India.


Question: who has won the us open golf 2018 title in new york

Answer: Brooks Koepka

This is a document about Scotty Cameron
  U.S. Open - Geoff Ogilvy ; 2006 Open Championship - Tiger Woods ; 2006 PGA Championship - Tiger Woods ; 2007 PGA Championship - Tiger Woods ; 2008 Masters Tournament - Trevor Immelman ; 2008 U.S. Open - Tiger Woods ; 2011 U.S. Open - Rory McIlroy ; 2011 Open Championship - Darren Clarke ; 2012 PGA Championship - Rory McIlroy ; 2013 Masters Tournament - Adam Scott ; 2013 PGA Championship - Jason Dufner ; 2015 Masters Tournament - Jordan Spieth ; 2015 U.S. Open - Jordan Spieth ; 2016 U.S. Open - Dustin Johnson ; 2016 PGA Championship - Jimmy Walker ; 2017 U.S. Open - Brooks Koepka ; 2017 Open Championship - Jordan Spieth ; 2017 PGA Championship - Justin Thomas ; 2018

This is a document about 2018 U.S. Open (golf)
  The 2018 United States Open Championship was the 118th U.S. Open, held June 14–17 at Shinnecock Hills Golf Club in Shinnecock Hills, New York, about 80 mi east of New York City on Long Island; it was the fifth time the U.S. Open was held at this course. Defending champion Brooks Koepka shot a final round 68 for 281 (+1) to win his second straight U.S. Open, one stroke ahead of runner-up Tommy Fleetwood, who closed with the sixth round of 63 in U.S. Open history. Koepka was only the third to successfully defend the title since World War II, following Ben Hogan (1951) and Curtis Strange (1989). The USGA changed the playoff format in February, from a full round (18 holes) to a two-hole aggregate playoff. Previously, playoffs at the U.S. Open were 18 holes, followed by sudden-death, if needed. The last 18-hole playoff was in 2008, won by Tiger Woods on the first sudden-death hole.

This is a document about 2019 Open Championship
  2018 U.S. Open at Shinnecock Hills. Major champions Darren Clarke, Graeme McDowell, and Rory McIlroy competed in a major in their native Northern Ireland for the first time. Clarke was given the honour of the opening tee shot and described the event as a watershed moment for Northern Ireland, as hosting was seen as unrealistic during the years when violence ravaged the province. McIlroy was the pre-tournament favourite but shot an 8-over-par 79 in the first round, which included a quadruple bogey eight on the first hole, a double bogey five on the 16th, and a triple bogey seven on the 18th. Despite

This is a document about 2019 U.S. Open (golf)
  The 2019 United States Open Championship was the 119th U.S. Open, played from June 13–16 at Pebble Beach Golf Links in Pebble Beach, California. It was the seventh major and sixth U.S. Open at Pebble Beach, which last hosted U.S. Opens in 2000 and 2010, won by Tiger Woods and Graeme McDowell, respectively. Gary Woodland won his first major title by three strokes over world number one Brooks Koepka. Ranked 25th coming into the tournament, and having never finished in the top 20 in the U.S. Open previously, he was generally seen as a surprise victor. Koepka had won four of the last nine majors, and was attempting to become

This is a document about 2018 Open Championship
  Friday, 20 July 2018 Zach Johnson, the 2015 champion, holed a 30-foot putt at the 18th to post a round of 67 (−4) and tie first round leader Kevin Kisner. Kisner held a two-shot lead playing the 18th, but hit his approach in the burn guarding the green and made double bogey. Pat Perez, Tommy Fleetwood and Xander Schauffele were a shot behind at five-under. Perez was tied for the lead playing the 18th, but hit into a bunker and made bogey. Fleetwood, runner-up at the U.S. Open after shooting 63 in the final round, shot a bogey-free 65 (−6); Fleetwood owns the

This is a document about 2011 Masters Tournament
  Open Champions Stewart Cink (18), Pádraig Harrington (4,18,19), Louis Oosthuizen (13,16,18,19) 4. Last five PGA Champions Martin Kaymer (12,14,16,18,19), Y. E. Yang (11,18,19) 5. Last three winners of The Players Championship Tim Clark (15,16,17,18,19), Sergio García, Henrik Stenson (13) 6. Top two finishers in the 2010 U.S. Amateur David Chung (a), Peter Uihlein (a) 7. Winner of the 2010 Amateur Championship Jin Jeong (a) 8. Winner of the 2010 Asian Amateur Hideki Matsuyama (a) 9. Winner of the 2010 U.S. Amateur Public Links Lion Kim (a) 10. Winner of the 2010 U.S. Mid-Amateur Nathan Smith (a) 11. The top 16

This is a document about 2021 U.S. Open (golf)
  in U.S. Open history. Matthew Wolff, runner-up in 2020, did not make a bogey over his last 16 holes and two-putted for birdie on the par-5 18th after reaching the green in two shots; he shot 68 (−3) and finished the round at four-under for the tournament, tied for third with Louis Oosthuizen and a shot off the lead. Oosthuizen was two-over on his round through 13 holes before birdies on the 14th and 18th to shoot even-par 71. Bubba Watson did not record a par over his last seven holes, making five birdies and two bogeys for a round of 67 (−4), tied for lowest of the day with Bland, Collin Morikawa, and Mackenzie Hughes. Jon Rahm, less

This is a document about 2019 U.S. Open (golf)
  This was the fifth U.S. Open televised by Fox and FS1. During Fox's primetime window in the first round, FS1 offered coverage hosted by Justin Kutcher following the group of Justin Rose, Jordan Spieth and Tiger Woods, and the group of Viktor Hovland, 2018 champion Brooks Koepka, and Francesco Molinari. Due to commitments to baseball and the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup, there were no plans for similar coverage on FS1 during the remainder of the tournament.

This is a document about Dustin Johnson
  Dustin Hunter Johnson (born June 22, 1984) is an American professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour. He has won two major championships, the 2016 U.S. Open at Oakmont Country Club with a 4-under-par score of 276 and the 2020 Masters Tournament with a record score of 268, 20-under-par. He had previously finished in a tie for second at both the 2011 Open Championship and the 2015 U.S. Open. He has six World Golf Championships victories, with only Tiger Woods having won more, and he is the first player to win each of the four World Golf Championship events. By virtue of his 2020 Travelers Championship win,

This is a document about 2021 U.S. Open (golf)
  The 2021 United States Open Championship was the 121st U.S. Open, the national open golf championship of the United States. It was a 72-hole stroke play tournament that was played June 17–20 on the South Course at Torrey Pines Golf Course in La Jolla, San Diego, California. The South Course previously hosted in 2008, which was won by Tiger Woods in a playoff. The field consisted of 156 players, with 88 gaining their place through automatic exemption criteria and the remaining 68 making it through qualifying, including two alternates. The defending champion was Bryson DeChambeau, who won the 120th U.S. Open, which had been postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, at Winged Foot in September 2020. Jon Rahm

This is a document about 2018 Open Championship
  The 2018 Open Championship was the 147th Open Championship, and was held from 19–22 July 2018 at Carnoustie Golf Links in Angus, Scotland. It was the eighth Open Championship to be played at Carnoustie. Playing conditions were unusual as a result of the heatwave in Scotland which had produced brown, dry and sun-baked fairways and brown rough. The fairways played quickly, enabling several players to hit drives that covered over 400 yards. Francesco Molinari posted a bogey-free final round of 69 to win his first major championship. Molinari finished two shots ahead of Kevin Kisner, Rory McIlroy, Justin Rose and Xander Schauffele. He became the first Italian player to win a major. This was the final appearance for 1985 champion Sandy Lyle.

This is a document about 1980 PGA Championship
  also won by Nicklaus. His seven stroke margin in 1980 remained the record until 2012, when Rory McIlroy won by eight. Nicklaus became the third to win both the U.S. Open and PGA Championship in the same year, joining Gene Sarazen (1922) and Ben Hogan (1948). Tiger Woods later won both in 2000, part of his "Tiger Slam, and Brooks Koepka also accomplished this feat in 2018. This was the third major championship at the East Course, which previously hosted the U.S. Open in 1956 and 1968, when Nicklaus was the runner-up to Lee Trevino. The U.S. Open later returned in 1989 and the PGA Championship in 2003 and 2013. The course also hosted the Ryder Cup in 1995.

This is a document about 2020 PGA Championship field
 Dustin Johnson (7,9,10,11) ; Jordan Spieth (4,7,9,10) ; Gary Woodland (7,9,11) Winners of the last five U.S. Open Championships:

This is a document about 2012 Masters Tournament
  tournament.) 2. Last five U.S. Open Champions Lucas Glover (16), Graeme McDowell (18,19), Rory McIlroy (11,12,16,18,19) 3. Last five British Open Champions Stewart Cink, Darren Clarke (13,18), Pádraig Harrington (4), Louis Oosthuizen (18,19) 4. Last five PGA Champions Keegan Bradley (14,15,16,17,18,19), Martin Kaymer (18,19), Yang Yong-eun (12,17,18,19) 5. Last three winners of The Players Championship K. J. Choi (11,15,17,18,19), Tim Clark, Henrik Stenson 6. Top two finishers in the 2011 U.S. Amateur Patrick Cantlay (a), Kelly Kraft (a) 7. Winner of the 2011 Amateur Championship Bryden Macpherson (a) 8. Winner of the 2011 Asian Amateur Hideki Matsuyama (a) 9. Winner of

This is a document about Brooks Koepka
  Koepka had to undergo wrist surgery after the 2017 season and had hoped that his recuperation would be complete in time for the 2018 Masters Tournament but he had to withdraw, saying that he was only 80% fit. He recovered to successfully defend his U.S. Open title at Shinnecock Hills, becoming the first player since Curtis Strange in 1989 to win consecutive U.S. Open titles, which has occurred only seven times. He won his third major at the 2018 PGA Championship at Bellerive Country Club to become only the fifth player, and the first since Tiger Woods in 2000, to win the U.S. Open and the PGA titles in the same year. At the 2018 Ryder Cup, an errant tee

This is a document about 2018 US Open – Men's Singles
  Novak Djokovic defeated Juan Martín del Potro in the final, 6–3, 7–6(7–4), 6–3 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2018 US Open. It was his third US Open title and 14th major title overall. Rafael Nadal was the defending champion, but he retired in the semifinals against del Potro. Nadal and Roger Federer were in contention for the ATP no. 1 singles ranking; Nadal retained the top ranking after Federer lost in the fourth round. This tournament was the last major for former world No. 3 David Ferrer; he retired from his first round match against Nadal due to injury. This was also the first major since Wimbledon 2017 in which former world No. 1 Andy Murray participated, entering with a protected ranking. He lost in the second round to Fernando Verdasco. Peter Polansky became the first player in history to qualify as a lucky loser for the main draw of all four majors in one calendar year.

This is a document about Rory McIlroy
  Rory McIlroy (born 4 May 1989) is a professional golfer from Northern Ireland who is a member of both the European and PGA Tours. He is a former world number one in the Official World Golf Ranking, having spent over 100 weeks in that position during his career. He is a four-time major champion, winning the 2011 U.S. Open, 2012 PGA Championship, 2014 Open Championship, and 2014 PGA Championship. Along with Jack Nicklaus and Tiger Woods, he is one of three players to win four majors by the age of 25. McIlroy had a successful amateur career, topping the World Amateur Golf Ranking for one week as a 17-year-old in 2007. Later that year, he turned professional and soon established himself on the European Tour. He

This is a document about 2015 PGA Championship
  Sean O'Hair – replaced Graham DeLaet ; 3) Carl Pettersson – replaced Gary Woodland The following qualification criteria were used to select the field. Each player is listed according to the first category by which he qualified with additional categories in which he qualified shown in parentheses. 1. All former PGA Champions Rich Beem, Keegan Bradley (8,9), Mark Brooks, John Daly, Jason Dufner, Pádraig Harrington (10), Martin Kaymer (2,9), Davis Love III, Rory McIlroy (2,4,6,8,9,10), Shaun Micheel, Phil Mickelson (4,6,8,9), Vijay Singh, David Toms, Tiger Woods, Yang Yong-eun 2. Last five U.S. Open Champions Justin Rose (8,9,10), Webb Simpson (8,9), Jordan Spieth (3,8,9,10) 3. Last five Masters Champions Charl Schwartzel (6,8), Adam

This is a document about 2014 Masters Tournament
  Rory McIlroy (4,17,18), Justin Rose (12,15,16,17,18), Webb Simpson (15,16,17,18) 3. Last five British Open Champions Stewart Cink, Darren Clarke, Ernie Els (12,17,18), Louis Oosthuizen (17,18) 4. Last five PGA Champions Keegan Bradley (16,17,18), Jason Dufner (12,14,15,16,17,18), Martin Kaymer (17), Yang Yong-eun 5. Last three winners of The Players Championship K. J. Choi, Matt Kuchar (11,15,16,17,18) 6. Top two finishers in the 2013 U.S. Amateur Matt Fitzpatrick (a), Oliver Goss (a) 7. Winner of the 2013 British Amateur Championship Garrick Porteous (a) 8. Winner of the 2013 Asia-Pacific Amateur Championship Lee Chang-woo (a) 9. Winner of the 2013 U.S. Amateur Public Links Jordan Niebrugge

This is a document about 2018 British Open
 1) REDIRECT: 2018 Open Championship

Brooks Koepka won the U.S. Open Golf Championship in 2018 at Shinnecock Hills Golf Club in New York. He shot a final round of 68 (-1) to win by one stroke over Tommy Fleetwood.


Question: where is the time zone change from eastern to central

Answer: 49 CFR 71

This is a document about Daylight saving time
  turned forward to Western European Summer Time (UTC+01:00), where they remain until the return of the holy month the following year. The time at which to change clocks differs across jurisdictions. Members of the European Union conduct a coordinated change, changing all zones at the same instant, at 01:00 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), which means that it changes at 02:00 Central European Time (CET), equivalent to 03:00 Eastern European Time (EET). As a result, the time differences across European time zones remain constant. North America coordination of the clock change differs, in that each jurisdiction change at 02:00 local time, which temporarily creates unusual differences in offsets. For

This is a document about Time in Australia
  kept Central Standard Time. Likewise, when the ACT and Jervis Bay Territory were broken off from New South Wales, they retained Eastern Standard Time. Since 1899, the only major changes in Australian time zones have been setting of clocks half an hour later than Eastern time (GMT plus 10:30) on the territory of Lord Howe Island, and Norfolk Island changing from UTC+11:30 to UTC+11:00 on 4 October 2015. When abbreviating "Australian Central Time" and "Australian Eastern Time", in domestic contexts the leading "Australian" may be omitted; however, the prefix "A" is often used to avoid ambiguity with the time zone abbreviations "CST" and "EST" referring to the Central and Eastern Time Zones in North America.

This is a document about Eastern Time Zone
  The boundaries of the Eastern Time Zone have moved westward since the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) took over time-zone management from railroads in 1938. For example, the easternmost and northernmost counties in Kentucky were added to the zone in the 1940s, and in 1961 most of the state went Eastern. In 2000, Wayne County, on the Tennessee border, switched from Central to Eastern. Within the United States, the Eastern Time Zone is the most populous region, with nearly half of the country's population. In March 2018, the Florida Legislature passed a bill requesting authorization from Congress for year-round daylight saving time, which would effectively put Florida on Atlantic Standard Time year-round (except for west of the Apalachicola River, which would be on Eastern Standard Time year-round). A similar bill was proposed for the Canadian province of Ontario by its legislative assembly in late 2020, which would have a similar effect on the province if passed.

This is a document about Standard time in the United States
  in the U.S. but allowed for local exemptions from its observance. The act also continued the authority of the ICC over time zone boundaries. In subsequent years, the United States Congress transferred the authority over time zones to the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), modified (several times) the beginning date of daylight time, and renamed the three westernmost time zones. Time zone boundaries have changed greatly since their original introduction and changes still occasionally occur. DOT issues press releases when these changes are made. Generally, time zone boundaries have tended to shift westward. Places on the eastern edge of a time zone can effectively move

This is a document about Central Time Zone
  The North American Central Time Zone (CT) is a time zone in parts of Canada, the United States, Mexico, Central America, some Caribbean Islands, and part of the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Central Standard Time (CST) is six hours behind Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). During summer, most of the zone uses daylight saving time (DST), and changes to Central Daylight Time (CDT) which is five hours behind UTC. The largest city in the Central Time Zone is Mexico City; the Mexico City metropolitan area is the largest metropolitan area in the zone and in North America.

This is a document about WWV (radio station)
  change in the DST bits happens at 00:00 UTC and so will first be received in the mainland United States between 16:00 (PST) and 20:00 (EDT), depending on local time zone and on whether DST is about to begin or end. A receiver in the Eastern time zone (UTC−5) must therefore correctly receive the "DST is changing" indication within the seven hours before DST begins, and six hours before DST ends, if it is to change the local time display at the correct time. Receivers in the Central, Mountain, and Pacific time zones have one, two, and three more hours of advance notice, respectively. During a leap second, a binary zero is transmitted in the time code; in this case, the minute will not be preceded by a marker.

This is a document about San Antonio Commanders
  All times Central Changed from original time and network.

This is a document about Time in Indiana
  Central Time). Supporters of daylight saving time and a common time zone in Indiana often claim Indiana must adopt the time-keeping system of the Eastern United States to preserve interstate business with that region. Some believe that Indiana businesses have lost hours of productive time with out-of-state colleagues because the time quirks are too confusing to keep track of on a daily basis. The confusion caused to outsiders featured prominently in the plot of an episode of The West Wing in which presidential aides unfamiliar with Indiana's non-observance of DST miss their return flight to Washington, D.C., on Air Force One

This is a document about Time in Indiana
  operating on "standard time" with four "time zones" established across the (then 38-state) nation, centered on the 75th, 90th, 105th, and 120th meridians west. On November 18, 1883, telegraph lines transmitted GMT to major cities, where each city was to adjust their official time to their proper zone. The state capital in Indianapolis lies at approximately the 86th meridian (U.S. Census Bureau), closer to the center of the Central Time Zone at the 90th meridian than the center of the Eastern Time Zone at the 75th meridian.  Time zones were first adopted by the United States Congress with the Standard Time Act of 1918. All of Indiana was located in the Central Time Zone. It was at this time the dividing

This is a document about Time in Nunavut
  When the territory was created in 1999, the new government believed a unified time zone would make it easier for its citizens to conduct business. Public hearings noted there was support for this idea, although disagreement as to which time zone to observe. The territorial government announced that effective October 31, 1999 all clocks would change to Central Standard Time. Iqaluit, the capital located in the far eastern edge of the Eastern time zone, was unhappy with this decision. The city council voted against the measure and vowed to keep the city on Eastern time. As late October 1999 approached the city council backed down and agreed

This is a document about Reception report
  frequency, date and time the station was heard. For medium-wave (AM) stations, the time should be that of the time zone in which the station is located. Thus, if a listener hears stations from the Eastern time zone of North America (such as Ontario and New York), EST or EDT should be given (depending on the time of year). Stations in the Central time zone (such as Chicago) use CST or CDT, which is one hour earlier than Eastern time. If a listener is uncertain of the time zone, they should clearly indicate their local time or even better use UTC It

This is a document about 2008 Scotties Tournament of Hearts
  Times Are Central Standard Time

This is a document about Memphis Express
  All times Central Changed from original time and/or network.

This is a document about 2011 Big 12 Conference Women's Basketball Tournament
 Times listed are Central Standard Time zone.

This is a document about 2010 Big 12 Conference Women's Basketball Tournament
 Times listed are Central Standard Time zone.

This is a document about 2009 Big 12 Conference Women's Basketball Tournament
 Times listed are Central Standard Time zone.

This is a document about Time zone
  railroad station clock was reset as standard-time noon was reached within each time zone. The North American zones were named Intercolonial, Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific. Within a year 85% of all cities with populations over 10,000 (about 200 cities) were using standard time. A notable exception was Detroit (located about halfway between the meridians of Eastern and Central time), which kept local time until 1900, then tried Central Standard Time, local mean time, and Eastern Standard Time (EST) before a May 1915 ordinance settled on EST and was ratified by popular vote in August 1916. The confusion of times came to an end when standard time zones were formally adopted by the U.S. Congress in the Standard Time Act of March 19, 1918.

This is a document about Timeshift channel
  News programs on a half-hour delay from their original airings. The major U.S. terrestrial television networks broadcast without delay in the Eastern and Central time zones (UTC−5 and UTC−6, respectively), but delay programs by one and three hours respectively for the Mountain (UTC−7) and Pacific (UTC−8) time zones. The start of U.S. evening prime time programs is typically announced in the form of "8, 7 Central" (often written as "8/7c") or "8 Eastern and Pacific" (often written as "8 ET/PT"). Many cable television channels do not timeshift (or offer timeshift feeds to all viewers across the country), though there are several exceptions. As an alternative, many cable

This is a document about Central Time Zone
  Time Zone: Five states are split between the Central Time Zone and the Mountain Time Zone: Five states are split between the Central Time Zone and the Eastern Time Zone: Additionally, Phenix City, Alabama, and several nearby communities in Russell County, Alabama, unofficially observe Eastern Time. This is due to their close proximity to Columbus, Georgia, which is on Eastern Time. Although legally located within the Central Time Zone, Kenton, Oklahoma—located to the adjacent east of the defined border of the Central and Mountain time zones (at the Oklahoma−New Mexico state line)—unofficially observes Mountain Time. This is reportedly because most people who interact with the town reside in either New Mexico or Colorado.

This is a document about 2013 Conference USA Men's Basketball Tournament
  All times listed are Central

The time zone change from Eastern Time (ET) to Central Time (CT) typically occurs at the border between the two time zones. However, the specific location can vary. In the United States, for example, the time zone boundary between Eastern and Central Time runs roughly along the Mississippi River. In Canada, the boundary between Eastern and Central Time is not explicitly stated in the provided text, but it is mentioned that the time zone boundary between Central and Mountain Time is the 100th meridian west. Therefore, the time zone change from Eastern to Central Time would occur before reaching the 100th merid


Question: where do cardiac impulses originate in the heart

Answer: sinoatrial node

This is a document about Bundle branch block
  The heart's electrical activity begins in the sinoatrial node (the heart's natural pacemaker), which is situated on the upper right atrium. The impulse travels next through the left and right atria and summates at the atrioventricular node. From the AV node the electrical impulse travels down the bundle of His and divides into the right and left bundle branches. The right bundle branch contains one fascicle. The left bundle branch subdivides into two fascicles: the left anterior fascicle and the left posterior fascicle. Other sources divide the left bundle branch into three fascicles: the left anterior, the left posterior, and the left septal fascicle. The thicker left posterior fascicle bifurcates, with one fascicle being in the septal aspect. Ultimately, the fascicles divide into millions of Purkinje fibres, which in turn interdigitate with individual cardiac myocytes, allowing for rapid, coordinated, and synchronous physiologic depolarization of the ventricles.

This is a document about Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome
   Electrical activity in the normal human heart begins when a cardiac action potential arises in the sinoatrial (SA) node, which is located in the right atrium. From there, the electrical stimulus is transmitted via internodal pathways to the atrioventricular (AV) node. After a brief delay at the AV node, the stimulus travels through the bundle of His to the left and right bundle branches and then to the Purkinje fibers and the endocardium at the apex of the heart, then finally to the ventricular myocardium. The AV node serves an important function as a "gatekeeper", limiting the electrical activity that reaches the ventricles. In situations where the atria generate excessively rapid electrical activity (such as atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter), the AV node limits the number of

This is a document about Bachmann's bundle
  The normal cardiac rhythm originates in the sinoatrial node, which is located in the right atrium near the superior vena cava. From there, the electrical activation spreads throughout the right atrium. There are at least four locations where the activation can pass to the left atrium. Apart from Bachmann's bundle these are the anterior interatrial septum, posterior interatrial septum, and the coronary sinus. Because it originates close to the sinoatrial node and consists of long parallel fibers, Bachmann's bundle is, during sinus rhythm, the first of these connections to activate the left atrium.

This is a document about Cardiac physiology
  the cell-by-cell pathway through the contractile cells of the myocardium in the atria. In addition, there is a specialized pathway called Bachmann's bundle or the interatrial band that conducts the impulse directly from the right atrium to the left atrium. Regardless of the pathway, as the impulse reaches the atrioventricular septum, the connective tissue of the cardiac skeleton prevents the impulse from spreading into the myocardial cells in the ventricles except at the atrioventricular node. The electrical event, the wave of depolarization, is the trigger for muscular contraction. The wave of depolarization begins in the right atrium, and the impulse spreads across the superior portions of both atria and then down through the contractile cells. The contractile cells then begin contraction from the superior to the inferior portions of the atria, efficiently pumping blood into the ventricles.

This is a document about Cardiac physiology
  the base of the heart. The Purkinje fibers have a fast inherent conduction rate, and the electrical impulse reaches all of the ventricular muscle cells in about 75 ms. Since the electrical stimulus begins at the apex, the contraction also begins at the apex and travels toward the base of the heart, similar to squeezing a tube of toothpaste from the bottom. This allows the blood to be pumped out of the ventricles and into the aorta and pulmonary trunk. The total time elapsed from the initiation of the impulse in the SA node until depolarization of the ventricles is approximately 225 ms.

This is a document about Right axis deviation
  Fascicular tachycardia usually arises from the posterior fascicle of the left bundle branch. They produce QRS complexes of relatively short durations with a right bundle branch block pattern. Tachycardias originating in the anterior left fascicle would lead to right axis deviation. Right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia originates from the outflow tract of the right ventricle or the tricuspid annulus. As it arises from the right ventricle, the impulse spreads inferiorly from beneath the pulmonary valve, and there right axis deviation.

This is a document about Cardiac cycle
  the lower wall of the right heart between the atrium and ventricle. The sinoatrial node, often known as the cardiac pacemaker, is the point of origin for producing a wave of electrical impulses that stimulates atrial contraction by creating an action potential across myocardium cells. Impulses of the wave are delayed upon reaching the AV node, which acts as a gate to slow and to coordinate the electrical current before it is conducted below the atria and through the circuits known as the bundle of His and the Purkinje fibers—all which stimulate contractions of both ventricles. The programmed delay at the AV node also provides time for blood volume to flow through the atria and fill the ventricular chambers—just before the return of the systole (contractions), ejecting the new blood volume and completing the cardiac cycle. (See Wiggers diagram: "Ventricular volume" tracing (red), at "Systole" panel.)

This is a document about Atrial flutter
  Atrial flutter is caused by a re-entrant rhythm. This usually occurs along the cavo-tricuspid isthmus of the right atrium though atrial flutter can originate in the left atrium as well. Typically initiated by a premature electrical impulse arising in the atria, atrial flutter is propagated due to differences in refractory periods of atrial tissue. This creates electrical activity that moves in a localized self-perpetuating loop, which usually lasts about 200 milliseconds for the complete circuit. For each cycle around the loop, an electric impulse results and propagates through the atria. The impact and symptoms of atrial flutter depend on the heart rate of the affected person. Heart rate is a measure of ventricular rather than atrial activity. Impulses from the atria are conducted to the ventricles through the atrio-ventricular node (AV node). In a person

This is a document about Cardiac cycle
  In a healthy heart all activities and rests during each individual cardiac cycle, or heartbeat, are initiated and orchestrated by signals of the heart's electrical conduction system, which is the "wiring" of the heart that carries electrical impulses throughout the body of cardiomyocytes, the specialized muscle cells of the heart. These impulses ultimately stimulate heart muscle to contract and thereby to eject blood from the ventricles into the arteries and the cardiac circulatory system; and they provide a system of intricately timed and persistent signaling that controls the rhythmic beating of the heart muscle cells, especially the complex impulse-generation and muscle contractions in the atrial chambers. The rhythmic sequence (or sinus rhythm) of this signaling across the heart is coordinated by two groups of specialized cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node, which is situated in the upper wall of the right atrium, and the atrioventricular (AV) node located

This is a document about Cardiac cycle
  valves open again, and the completed cycle returns to ventricular diastole and a new "Start" of the cardiac cycle. Throughout the cardiac cycle, blood pressure increases and decreases. The movements of cardiac muscle are coordinated by a series of electrical impulses produced by specialised pacemaker cells found within the sinoatrial node and the atrioventricular node. Cardiac muscle is composed of myocytes which initiate their internal contractions without applying to external nerves—with the exception of changes in the heart rate due to metabolic demand. In an electrocardiogram, electrical systole initiates the atrial systole at the P wave deflection of a steady signal; and it starts contractions (systole).

This is a document about Atrioventricular node
 the first “pathway” has a slow conduction velocity but shorter refractory period ; the second “pathway” has a faster conduction velocity but longer refractory period. The AV node receives two inputs from the right atrium: posteriorly, via the crista terminalis, and anteriorly, via the interatrial septum. Contraction of heart muscle cells requires depolarization and repolarization of their cell membranes. Movement of ions across cell membranes causes these events. The cardiac conduction system (and AV node part of it) coordinates myocyte mechanical activity. A wave of excitation spreads out from the sinoatrial node through the atria along specialized conduction channels. This activates the AV node. The atrioventricular node delays impulses by approximately 0.09s. This delay in the cardiac pulse is extremely important: It ensures that the atria have ejected their blood into the ventricles first before

This is a document about Electrical conduction system of the heart
  Electrical signals arising in the SA node (located in the right atrium) stimulate the atria to contract. Then the signals travel to the atrioventricular node (AV node), which is located in the interatrial septum. After a delay, the electrical signal diverges and is conducted through the left and right bundle of His to the respective Purkinje fibers for each side of the heart, as well as to the endocardium at the apex of the heart, then finally to the ventricular epicardium; causing its contraction. These signals are generated rhythmically, which in turn results in the coordinated rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the heart. On the microscopic level, the wave of depolarization propagates to

This is a document about Ectopic beat
  Ectopic beat is a disturbance of the cardiac rhythm frequently related to the electrical conduction system of the heart, in which beats arise from fibers or group of fibers outside the region in the heart muscle ordinarily responsible for impulse formation (i.e., the sinoatrial node). An ectopic beat can be further classified as either a premature ventricular contraction, or a premature atrial contraction. Some patients describe this experience as a "flip" or a "jolt" in the chest, or a "heart hiccup", while others report dropped or missed beats. Ectopic beats are more common during periods of stress, exercise or debility; they may also be triggered by consumption of some food like alcohol, strong cheese, or chocolate. It is a form of cardiac arrhythmia in which ectopic foci within either ventricular or atrial myocardium, or from finer branches of the electric transduction system, cause additional beats of

This is a document about Muscle fascicle
  In the heart specialized cardiac muscle cells transmit electrical impulses from the atrioventricular node (AV node) to the Purkinje fibers – fascicles, also referred to as bundle branches. These start as a single fascicle of fibers at the AV node called the bundle of His that then splits into three bundle branches: the right fascicular branch, left anterior fascicular branch, and left posterior fascicular branch.

This is a document about Junctional rhythm
  Junctional rhythm describes an abnormal heart rhythm resulting from impulses coming from a locus of tissue in the area of the atrioventricular node, the "junction" between atria and ventricles. Under normal conditions, the heart's sinoatrial node determines the rate by which the organ beats – in other words, it is the heart's "pacemaker". The electrical activity of sinus rhythm originates in the sinoatrial node and depolarizes the atria. Current then passes from the atria through the atrioventricular node and into the bundle of His, from which it travels along Purkinje fibers to reach and depolarize the ventricles. This sinus rhythm is important because it ensures that the heart's atria reliably contract before the ventricles. In junctional rhythm, however, the sinoatrial node does

This is a document about Accelerated idioventricular rhythm
  In the human heart, the sinoatrial node is located at the top of the right atrium. The sinoatrial node is the first area of the heart to depolarize and to generate the action potential that leads to depolarization of the rest of the myocardium. Sinoatrial depolarization and subsequent propagation of the electrical impulse suppress the action of the lower natural pacemakers of the heart, which have slower intrinsic rates. The accelerated idioventricular rhythm occurs when depolarization rate of a normally suppressed focus increases to above that of the "higher order" focuses (the sinoatrial node and the atrioventricular node). This most commonly occurs in the setting of

This is a document about Junctional ectopic tachycardia
  In normal individuals, electrical activity in the heart is initiated in the sinoatrial (SA) node (located in the right atrium), propagates to the atrioventricular (AV) node, and then through the bundle of His to the ventricles of the heart. The AV node acts as a gatekeeper, limiting the electrical activity that reaches the ventricles of the heart. This function of the AV node is important, because if the signals generated in the atria of the heart were to increase in rate (as they do during atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter), the AV node will limit the electrical activity that conducts to the ventricles. For instance, if the atria are electrically activated at 300 beats per minute, half those electrical impulses are blocked

This is a document about Common ostrich
  in related birds: The atrioventricular node position differs from other fowl. It is located in the endocardium of the atrial surface of the right atrioventricular valve. It is not covered by connective tissue, which is characteristic of vertebrate heart anatomy. It also contains fewer myofibrils than usual myocardial cells. The AV node connects the atrial and ventricular chambers. It functions to carry the electrical impulse from the atria to the ventricle. Upon view, the myocardial cells are observed to have large densely packed chromosomes within the nucleus. The coronary arteries start in the right and left aortic sinus and provide blood to

This is a document about Cardiac action potential
  Electrical activity that originates from the sinoatrial node is propagated via the His-Purkinje network, the fastest conduction pathway within the heart. The electrical signal travels from the sinoatrial node (SAN), which stimulates the atria to contract, to the atrioventricular node (AVN) which slows down conduction of the action potential, from the atria to the ventricles. This delay allows the ventricles to fully fill with blood before contraction. The signal then passes down through a bundle of fibres called the bundle of His, located between the ventricles, and then to the purkinje fibers at the bottom (apex) of the heart, causing ventricular contraction. This is known as

This is a document about Ventricular escape beat
  Ventricular escape beats occur when the rate of electrical discharge reaching the ventricles (normally initiated by the heart's sinoatrial node (SA node), transmitted to the atrioventricular node (AV node), and then further transmitted to the ventricles) falls below the base rate determined by the rate of Phase 4 spontaneous depolarisation of ventricular pacemaker cells. An escape beat usually occurs 2–3 seconds after an electrical impulse has failed to reach the ventricles. This phenomenon can be caused by the sinoatrial node (SA node) failing to initiate a beat, by a failure of the conductivity from the SA node to the atrioventricular node (AV node), or by atrioventricular block (especially third degree AV block). Normally, the pacemaker cells of the sinoatrial node discharge

Cardiac impulses originate in the sinoatrial (SA) node, which is located in the right atrium near the superior vena cava.