Question: who sings for eric in happy feet two

Answer: E.G. Daily

This is a document about Happy Feet Two
  Happy Feet Two is a 2011 computer-animated musical comedy film directed, produced and co-written by George Miller. It is the sequel to the 2006 film Happy Feet, and stars Ava Acres, Elijah Wood, Robin Williams (in his final animated feature), P!nk, Meibh Campbell, Lil' P-Nut, Common, Magda Szubanski, Hugo Weaving, Brad Pitt, Matt Damon, Sofia Vergara, Richard Carter, and Hank Azaria. In this film, Erik, the son of Mumble and Gloria, must stop the Apocalypse of Antarctica. An international co-production between the United States and Australia, Kennedy Miller Mitchell and Dr. D Studios from Sydney, Australia, produced the film, which premiered in North American theaters on November 18, 2011 in Digital 3D and IMAX 3D. The film

This is a document about Happy Feet Two
  November 15, 2011. Unlike the previous film's two album releases—one for its songs and one for its score—both the songs and John Powell's score are included on this album. The songs "Happy Feet Two Opening Medley," "Bridge of Light," and "Under Pressure/Rhythm Nation" are led by P!nk, who lends her vocals to the character Gloria, taking the place of Brittany Murphy from the first film.  The deluxe edition of the album contains an addition of 5 songs performed by Ozomatli; these songs and more can also be found on the soundtrack for the video game, which was released on iTunes on November 8, 2011.

This is a document about Happy Feet Two
 1) "Happy Feet Two Opening Medley" – P!nk, Common, Lil' P-Nut, & the Happy Feet Two Chorus ; 2) "The Mighty Sven" – Robin Williams, Hank Azaria, and the Happy Feet Two Chorus ; 3) "Bridge of Light" – P!nk, featuring the Happy Feet Two Chorus ; 4) "Papa Oom Mow Mow" – Happy Feet Two Chorus ; 5) "Dragostea Din Tei" – Hank Azaria & the Happy Feet Two Chorus ; 6) "Erik's Opera" – E. G. Daily and Omar Crook (based on the Puccini aria "E lucevan le stelle") ; 7) "Rawhide" – Elephant Seal Chorus ; 8) "Under Pressure/Rhythm Nation" – P!nk,

This is a document about Happy Feet Two
  the Happy Feet Two Chorus (the film version also features Lil' P-Nut, Common, E.G Daily, Robin Williams, Brad Pitt and Matt Damon; that version is only heard in the film) (written by Queen & David Bowie, Janet Jackson, James Harris III, Terry Lewis) ; 9) "Tightrope (Ice Cold Mix) [featuring Lil' P-Nut & the Happy Feet Two Chorus]" – Janelle Monáe ; 10) "In the Hole" – John Powell ; 11) "Ramon and the Krill" – John Powell ; 12) "Lovelace Preshow (feat. Judith Hill)" – John Powell ; 13) "Searching for the Kids" – John Powell ; 14) "The Doomberg Lands" – John

This is a document about Pink (singer)
  two on the Billboard Hot 100, and peaked at number one on the airplay charts in Germany. On the German singles chart, the song entered at number seven in March 2011. Pink voiced the character of Gloria in Happy Feet Two, which premiered on November 18, 2011, in the United States. She also sings the movie's theme song, "Bridge of Light". On October 7, 2011, RCA Music Group announced that it would be disbanding Jive Records, along with Arista Records and J Records. With the shutdown, Pink and all other artists previously signed to the labels would release any future material through RCA Records.

This is a document about Happy Feet
  Happy Feet is a 2006 computer-animated musical comedy film directed, produced, and co-written by George Miller. It stars the voices of Elijah Wood, Robin Williams, Brittany Murphy, Hugh Jackman, Nicole Kidman, Hugo Weaving, and E.G. Daily. An international co-production between the United States and Australia, the film was produced at Sydney-based visual effects and animation studio Animal Logic for Warner Bros., Village Roadshow Pictures, and Kingdom Feature Productions, and was released in North America theaters on November 17, 2006 and in Australia theaters on December 26, 2006. It is the first animated film produced by Kennedy Miller and Animal Logic. Set in the cold land of Antarctica, the film follows on Mumble, an emperor penguin who, despite his lacking the ability to sing the heartsong to attract a soul mate, is able to tap dance brilliantly. After being exiled from Emperor Land, Mumble befriends the Amigos, who help

This is a document about Happy Feet Two
  Irwin, who voiced Trev the elephant seal and an albatross, died of a stingray injury on September 4, 2006. P!nk replaced Murphy's roles (P!nk had already contributed a song "Tell Me Something Good" to the soundtrack of the first film). Brad Pitt and Matt Damon voiced the tiny krill, Will and Bill. Hank Azaria also signed on to voice The Mighty Sven. E.G. Daily, who played young Mumble in the previous film, played the vocals for Mumble's choreophobic son Erik and the daughter of Miss Viola, Boadicea, as well as additional voices. Sofía Vergara appears in the film as a new character. There is a live action scene in the movie as in the first Happy Feet. Mitchell Hicks signed up as the movie's choreographer.

This is a document about Happy Feet
  Happy Feet Two was produced at Dr. D Studios and released on November 18, 2011. Wood and Williams reprised their roles for the sequel. Murphy was set to reprise her role and begin recording sometime in 2010, but was replaced by P!nk after Murphy died from pneumonia on December 20, 2009. Matt Damon and Brad Pitt signed on as Bill the Krill and Will the Krill respectively. The film was neither critically nor financially as successful as its predecessor and its performance at the box office resulted in Dr. D Studios closing down.

This is a document about Loonatics Unleashed
 Bootsy Collins – Theme Song Singer (Season Two) ; Jamie Simone – Casting and Voice Director

This is a document about Frank Loesser
  2013 as one of his musical tributes dedicated to exploring and celebrating the work of some of Broadway's great songwriters. The performance was built around the three stages of Loesser's career: Tin Pan Alley, Hollywood, and Broadway. Jason Graae performed "Once in Love with Amy" and The King's New Clothes; Emily Skinner sang Cleo's "Ooh! My Feet", and Amy's "Somebody, Somewhere" (from The Most Happy Fella); Ashley Jarrett performed "If I Were a Bell"; and Ian Leonard provided a tongue-in-cheek rendition of "Sing a Tropical Song". Loesser, contrasted to his brother Arthur in a humorous wordplay on the principle of "the lesser of two evils", was reportedly once referred to as "the evil of two Loessers".

This is a document about Bill Miller (film producer)
  Robin Williams, Elijah Wood, Nicole Kidman, Hugh Jackman, Anthony La Paglia, Magda Szubanski, Hugo Weaving and Brittany Murphy. Prior to starting production he took part in a six-week expedition to south Antarctica. The Warner Brothers-distributed film was released in late 2006, and went on to become one of Australia's most successful animated film projects. A worldwide box office success, it was nominated for various awards including a Golden Globe, going on to win the Academy Award Oscar for Best Animated Feature and the equivalent British BAFTA award. Miller followed up as producer on the animated sequel, Happy Feet 2, released worldwide in late 2011. He has since been developing projects for film, television and live theatre.

This is a document about Rhythm Nation
  Jacob Artist, Melissa Benoist, and Erinn Westbrook covered "Rhythm Nation" in a mashup with "Nasty" during the fifth season of Glee, in the episode "Puppet Master." Pink covered "Rhythm Nation" for both the opening medley and in the finale medley with Queen and David Bowie's "Under Pressure" for the film Happy Feet Two. Japanese singer Crystal Kay performed a Japanese rendition of the song for the Japanese version of the film. Girls' Generation performed the song on KBS Gayo Daechukje and their debut concert tour, Girls' Generation Asia Tour Into the New World. Korean pop group After School covered the song on music show Kim Jung-eun's Chocolate. American electronic musician Oneohtrix Point Never composed a cover

This is a document about Happy Feet
  Happy Feet is a jukebox musical, taking previously recorded songs and working them into the film's soundtrack to fit with the mood of the scene or character. Two soundtrack albums were released for the film; one containing songs from and inspired by the film, and another featuring John Powell's instrumental score. They were released on 31 October 2006 and 19 December 2006, respectively. Prince's "Song of the Heart" won the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song. The film won Golden Trailer Award for Best Music. The song was written by Prince specifically for Happy Feet shortly after he was given a private screening of the film in order to gain his approval for the use of his song "Kiss" in a musical number. Prince enjoyed the film, gave his approval for the use of "Kiss" and offered to write an original song for the production, which he completed a week later.

This is a document about List of Disney's Cinderella characters
  a scene which was originally intended for the film but deleted, Prince Charming and Cinderella are reunited after the slipper fits Cinderella's foot perfectly, and he embraces her lovingly. In the original film, his speaking is provided by William Phipps while his singing is provided by Mike Douglas. He is later voiced by Christopher Daniel Barnes (who originally voiced Prince Eric from The Little Mermaid) in the sequels. The animated movies never made mention of his real name. An official advertisement from Disney France said "The Prince's name is Henry". In the 2015 live-action film, the prince was named Kit (a diminutive form of either Christopher

This is a document about Never Can Say Goodbye
 Nicole Kidman sings a few lines of the song in the animated film Happy Feet (2006) ; Will Ferrell sang the song on the first episode of The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien ; Jorge Núñez sang the song on the top 13 show on American Idol season 8 ; The song is used in the Broadway musical Disaster. ; A cover sung in Vietnamese by Khánh Hà plays in Gleaming the Cube. ; Loretta Devine sings a near 2 minute version of the song in an episode of Ally McBeal

This is a document about Nick Ariondo
 2000 Peggy's Blue Skylight, Andy Summers ; 2004 Variety Orchestra, Brian Woodbury ; 2005 Sings the Peggy Lee Songbook, Bette Midler ; 2009 Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs [Original Motion Picture Soundtrack], John Powell ; 2010 Knight and Day [Original Motion Picture Soundtrack], John Powell ; 2011 Happy Feet Two [Original Motion Picture Soundtrack], John Powell ; 2012 Life of Pi [Original Motion Picture Soundtrack], Mychael Danna ; 2013 Monsters University [Original Score], Randy Newman ; 2013 Planes [Original Score], Mark Mancina ; 2014 Rio 2 [Score] [Original Motion Picture Soundtrack], John Powell ; 2016 Nobody But Me, Michael Bublé ; 2019 Lady and the Tramp [Score] [Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]

This is a document about The Many Faces of Art Farmer
 1) "Happy Feet" (Tom McIntosh) - 4:39 ; 2) "Hyacinth" (Dennis Sandole) - 5:00 ; 3) "Ally" (McIntosh) - 6:46 ; 4) "Minuet in G" (McIntosh) - 5:00 ; 5) "All About Art" (Sergio Mihanovich) - 4:41 ; 6) "People" (Jule Styne, Bob Merrill) - 5:15 ; 7) "Saucer Eyes" (Randy Weston) - 4:48

This is a document about Dancing in the Kitchen
 1) "Happy Feet" (F.Henri) ; 2) "Dancing in the Kitchen" (F.Henri) ; 3) "Silly Billy" (F.Henri) ; 4) "Weekends" ; 5) "I'll Tell My Ma" ; 6) "Why's It Always Me?" (I. Catchlove F.Henri) ; 7) "Sea Dreams" ; 8) "Five Currant Buns" (F.Henri) ; 9) "Mix a Pancake" (F.Henri) ; 10) "Flim Flam" (F.Henri) ; 11) "On the Sunny Side of the Street" ; 12) "Paintbox" (S.Brown. F.Henri) ; 13) "Hungry Song" ; 14) "Pizza Song" (F.Henri) ; 15) "Sha La, La, La Hello" (F.Henri) ; 16) "Big Umbrella" ; 17) "Mahogany Ship" (F.Henri) ; 18) "The Sneezing Fisherman" ; 19) "Bad Captain Shark" (I. Catchlove F.Henri) ; 20) "Freight Train (F.Henri) ; 21) "It's Only a Paper Moon" ; 22) Going to the Circus" (F.Henri) ; 23) "Circus Band" ; 24) "Clowns" ; 25) "Clean the House" (I. Catchlove F.Henri) ; 26) "Calypso Cat" ; 27) "Busy Day" (F.Henri) ; 28) "Autumn Leaves" (F.Henri) ; 29) "Yume Miru Hito" (F.Henri) ; 30) "Star Bright Lullaby"

This is a document about Not the Messiah (He's a Very Naughty Boy)
  to reveal a grey-and-red checked shirt and workman's trousers, and moves onto the encore. ; 10) Encore: "The Lumberjack Song" (Michael Palin/Terry Jones [lyrics]; Palin/Jones/Fred Tomlinson [music]) - sung by Palin ; 11) *"The Lumberjack Song" is not featured on the soundtrack CD because of copyright issues. (Idle's publisher Ocean Music does not own the publishing rights to the song.) 1) Reprise of The Liberty Bell. All songs by Eric Idle and John Du Prez, unless otherwise noted. Introit: Overture Part One: Apocalypso Now Part Two: The Boy Next Door Part Three: The Temptation of Brian Part Four: Baroque and Roll Part Five: Miserere Loves Company Finale

This is a document about Elijah Wood
  penguin who can tap dance, but not sing. Happy Feet grossed over $380 million worldwide, and received both the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature and the BAFTA Award for Best Animated Film. Wood reprised his role for the film's sequel, Happy Feet Two (2011). Also in 2006, he was part of the ensemble cast of Emilio Estevez's drama Bobby, a fictionalized account of the hours leading up to the June 5, 1968, shooting of U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy. In the film, Wood marries Lindsay Lohan's character in order to avoid being drafted for the Vietnam War. Bobby screened in competition at the Venice Film Festival.


Question: who sings honey do n 't by the beatles

Answer: Ringo Starr

This is a document about Honey Don't
  for the From Us To You and Top Gear programs. A version sung by Lennon is available on Live at the BBC. and a version sung by Starr was released on On Air – Live at the BBC Volume 2. As part of the 1985 televised concert Blue Suede Shoes: A Rockabilly Session Ringo Starr joined Carl Perkins to perform vocals and play drums for the song. Starr performed a live version of the song, as a tribute to Harrison for their fondness of Perkins, at the Concert for George at London's Royal Albert Hall in 2002. Along with "Matchbox", "Honey Don't" is one of the rare songs that all four Beatles have separately recorded or performed on stage (see section below).

This is a document about Carl Perkins
  Jubilee, his television debut (Presley performed it for the second time that same night on CBS-TV's Stage Show; he'd first sung it on the program on February 11). In the United Kingdom, the song reached number 10 on the British charts. It was the first record by a Sun artist to sell a million copies. The B side, "Honey Don't", was covered by the Beatles, Wanda Jackson and (in the 1970s) T. Rex. John Lennon sang lead on the song when the Beatles performed it, before it was given to Ringo Starr to sing. Lennon also performed the song on the Lost Lennon Tapes.

This is a document about The Beatles' recording sessions
  only), EMI Studios, London (12.45pm-1.05pm) ; Stereo mixing ; "Kansas City/Hey-Hey-Hey-Hey!" (from take 1) – released on Beatles for Sale (stereo) ; Studio Two, EMI Studios, London (4.30pm-6.30pm) ; Recording ; "Honey Don't" (Perkins) (takes 1–5) ; Studio Two, EMI Studios, London (7.30pm-10.00pm) ; Recording ; "What You're Doing" [re-make] (takes 13–19) ; "Another Beatles Christmas Record" (takes 1–5) ; Editing ; "Another Beatles Christmas Record" (from takes 1–5) ; Personnel ; Musicians: John Lennon (rhythm guitar, vocals), Paul McCartney (bass guitar, vocals), George Harrison (lead guitar), Ringo Starr (drums, vocals) ; Production staff: George Martin (producer), Norman Smith (engineer), Tony Clark and A.B. Lincoln (2nd engineer)

This is a document about Rockabilly
  released versions of three different Carl Perkins songs, more than any other songwriter outside the band, except Larry Williams, who also added three songs to their discography. (Curiously, none of these three were sung by the Beatles' regular lead vocalists—"Honey Don't" (sung by Ringo) and "Everybody's Trying to be my Baby" (sung by George) from Beatles for Sale (1964) and "Matchbox" (sung by Ringo) on the Long Tall Sally EP (1964)). Long after the band broke up, the members continued to show their interest in rockabilly. In 1975, Lennon recorded an album called Rock 'n' Roll, featuring versions of rockabilly

This is a document about Honey Don't
  "Honey Don't" is a song written by Carl Perkins, originally released on January 1, 1956 as the B-side of the "Blue Suede Shoes" single, Sun 234. Both songs became rockabilly classics. Bill Dahl of Allmusic praised the song saying, "'Honey Don't' actually outclasses its more celebrated platter-mate in some ways." It has been covered by more than 20 other artists, including the Beatles, Ronnie Hawkins and Johnny Rivers. The song has appeared in the films Prince of Tides, Diner, and Perfect Sisters.

This is a document about Honey Don't
 Johnzo West recorded the song for the 2014 Perfect Sisters movie soundtrack. ; Ronnie Hawkins on Mr. Dynamo album, 1960. ; Billy "Crash" Craddock covered the song on his 1986 album Crash Craddock. ; Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band, 1989, Ringo Starr and His All-Starr Band 1990 live album, 1995, 2003, 2006, 2010-2011 tours, Blue Suede Shoes: A Rockabilly Session, 1985, and The Concert For George, 2003. ; Johnny Rivers covered the song on his album Memphis Sun Recordings, released in 1991. ; Gene Summers performed "Honey Don't", during a live concert, that was filmed and broadcast by Warner Amex Television in 1983. ; Ben Folds

This is a document about Honey Pie
  "Honey Pie" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, from their 1968 eponymous double album The Beatles (also known as "the White Album"). The song was written entirely by Paul McCartney and credited to the Lennon–McCartney partnership.

This is a document about Concert for George
  vocals, rhythm guitar, harmonica; Mike Campbell: lead guitar; Benmont Tench: electric piano; Ron Blair: bass; Steve Ferrone: drums; Jim Keltner: drums ; 35) "Isn't It a Pity" (Harrison) – 6:58 ; 36) *Billy Preston: lead vocals, Hammond organ; Eric Clapton: lead vocals, rhythm guitar; Marc Mann: slide guitar ; 37) "Photograph" (George Harrison / Richard Starkey) – 3:56 ; 38) *Ringo Starr: lead vocals; Jim Horn: sax solo ; 39) "Honey Don't" (Carl Perkins) – 3:03 ; 40) *Ringo Starr: lead vocals; Albert Lee: lead guitar solo; Gary Brooker: piano solo; Billy Preston: Hammond organ ; 41) "For You Blue" (Harrison) – 3:04 ; 42) *Paul McCartney: lead vocals,

This is a document about 4 by the Beatles
 4 by the Beatles features four songs that had been released on Beatles '65 in December 1964. ; Side one Side two 1. "Honey Don't" (Carl Perkins) – 2:56 2. "I'm a Loser" (Lennon–McCartney) – 2:30 1. "Mr. Moonlight" (Johnson) – 2:39 2. "Everybody's Trying to Be My Baby" (Perkins) – 2:25

This is a document about Ringo Starr
   Starr was inducted into the Percussive Arts Society Hall of Fame in 2002, joining an elite group of drummers and percussionists that include Buddy Rich, William F. Ludwig Sr. and William F. Ludwig Jr. On 29 November 2002 (the first anniversary of Harrison's death), he performed "Photograph" and a cover of Carl Perkins' "Honey Don't" at the Concert for George held in the Royal Albert Hall, London. Early the following year, he released the album Ringo Rama, which contained a song he co-wrote as a tribute to Harrison, "Never Without You". Also in 2003, he formed Pumkinhead Records with All-Starr Band member Mark Hudson. The

This is a document about A Taste of Honey (song)
  The Beatles performed Lenny Welch's adaptation, slightly changing the lyrics in the chorus, as part of their repertoire in 1962 and as the instrumental version by Acker Bilk was popular in the United Kingdom at the time, the song was chosen to be recorded for their 1963 debut album, Please Please Me. A version from this time was released in 1977 on the album Live! at the Star-Club in Hamburg, Germany; 1962. In the US, this song first appeared on the Vee-Jay Records album Introducing... The Beatles. They also performed "A Taste of Honey" seven times for BBC radio shows, including Here We Go, Side by Side, and Easy Beat. In 1967, McCartney was inspired to compose “Your Mother Should Know” based on a line taken from the screenplay.

This is a document about Carl Perkins
  every show. The Animals backed the two performers. On the last night of the tour, Perkins attended a party where he sat on the floor sharing stories, playing guitar, and singing songs while surrounded by the Beatles. Ringo Starr asked if he could record "Honey Don't". Perkins answered, "Man, go ahead, have at it." The Beatles went on to record covers of "Matchbox", "Honey Don't" and "Everybody's Trying to Be My Baby" (recorded by Perkins, adapted from a song originally recorded by Rex Griffin in 1936, with new music by Perkins; a song with the same title was recorded by Roy

This is a document about Beatles for Sale
  Several of the album's cover versions had been staples of the Beatles' live shows in Hamburg and at The Cavern Club in Liverpool during the early 1960s. These songs included Chuck Berry's "Rock and Roll Music", sung by Lennon, Buddy Holly's "Words of Love", sung by Lennon and McCartney with Harrison, and two by Carl Perkins: "Everybody's Trying to Be My Baby", sung by Harrison, and "Honey Don't", sung by Starr. "Mr. Moonlight", which was originally recorded by Dr. Feelgood and the Interns, was Lennon's "beloved obscurity", according to Erlewine, and the subject of a remake towards the end of the Beatles for Sale sessions. A cover of Little Willie John's "Leave My Kitten Alone" was taped on 14 August, during the same session as the discarded version of "Mr. Moonlight", but was omitted from the album. A medley of "Kansas City" and "Hey, Hey, Hey, Hey"

This is a document about Wild Honey Pie
  "Wild Honey Pie" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1968 double album The Beatles (also known as the "White Album"). It was written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon–McCartney. Less than a minute in length, the song mainly consists of the title being chanted repeatedly and was performed by McCartney without the participation of the other Beatles. The track is often viewed as a filler track and is generally regarded as inconsequential and unmemorable due to its experimental nature.

This is a document about Beatles for Sale
 John Lennon – lead, harmony and backing vocals; acoustic and rhythm guitars; harmonica; tambourine, handclaps ; Paul McCartney – lead, harmony and backing vocals; bass and acoustic guitars; piano, Hammond organ; handclaps ; George Harrison – harmony and backing vocals; lead (6- and 12-string) and acoustic guitars; African drum, handclaps; lead vocals on "Everybody's Trying to Be My Baby" ; Ringo Starr – drums, tambourine, maracas, timpani, cowbell, packing case, bongos; lead vocals on "Honey Don't" George Martin – electric piano on "Rock and Roll Music", organ on "Mr. Moonlight" and producer According to Ian MacDonald: The Beatles Additional musician

This is a document about Headquarters (The Monkees album)
  Keith Allison and Jerry Yester, but the released version has only Chip Douglas assisting the quartet. ; Lead vocal by Micky Dolenz ; Backing vocals: Davy Jones, and Unknown ; Electric Guitar: Michael Nesmith, and Unknown ; Bass: Chip Douglas ; Drums: Micky Dolenz ; Tambourine: Davy Jones ; Piano: Peter Tork ; Engineered by: Hank Cicalo ; Micky's "Rock on, George, for Ringo one time" refers to the Beatles' version of "Honey Don't." ; The musical style of the song is also very similar to that of the Beatles' version of "Boys." ; "Andy, you're a dandy, you

This is a document about Beatles '65
 John Lennon – rhythm guitar, harmonica (on "I'm a Loser"), vocals, lead guitar (on "I Feel Fine"), tambourine (on "Everybody's Trying to Be My Baby") ; Paul McCartney – bass guitar, vocals, piano (on "She's a Woman"), Hammond organ (on "Mr. Moonlight") ; George Harrison – lead guitar, backing vocals, lead vocals (on "Everybody's Trying to Be My Baby"), African drum (on "Mr. Moonlight") ; Ringo Starr – drums, percussion, lead vocals (on "Honey Don't") George Martin – producer, piano (on "No Reply" and "Rock and Roll Music") The Beatles Production

This is a document about The Early Beatles
 Side one ; 1) "Love Me Do" – 2:23 ; 2) "Twist and Shout" (Phil Medley and Bert Russell) – 2:33 ; 3) "Anna (Go to Him)" (Arthur Alexander) – 3:00 ; 4) "Chains" (Gerry Goffin and Carole King) – 2:27 ; 5) "Boys" (Luther Dixon and Wes Farrell) – 2:25 ; 6) "Ask Me Why" – 2:28 Side two ; 1) "Please Please Me" – 2:00 ; 2) "P.S. I Love You" – 2:05 ; 3) "Baby It's You" (Burt Bacharach, Mack David, and Luther Dixon, credited as Barney Williams) – 2:38 ; 4) "A Taste of Honey" (Ric Marlow and Bobby Scott) – 2:04 ; 5) "Do You Want to Know a Secret" – 1:59 The album consists of eleven of the fourteen tracks from the Beatles' first American album Introducing...The Beatles as well as their first British LP Please Please Me. All songs written by Lennon-McCartney except where noted.

This is a document about Roy Orbison/The Beatles Tour
 1) "Some Other Guy" (John Lennon) ; 2) "Do You Want to Know a Secret?" (George Harrison) ; 3) "Love Me Do" or "A Taste Of Honey" (Paul McCartney) ; 4) "From Me To You" (John Lennon) ; 5) "Please Please Me" (John Lennon) ; 6) "I Saw Her Standing There" (Paul McCartney) ; 7) "Twist and Shout" (John Lennon) or "Long Tall Sally" (Paul McCartney) The Beatles' typical setlist (showing lead vocalist) was:

This is a document about List of songs recorded by the Beatles
  of the most covered songs of all time. Artists the band covered while together included Chuck Berry ("Roll Over Beethoven", "Rock and Roll Music"), Carl Perkins ("Matchbox", "Honey Don't"), Larry Williams ("Slow Down", "Dizzy Miss Lizzy") and Little Richard ("Long Tall Sally"). Cover songs were included on five of the band's core albums: Please Please Me, With the Beatles (both 1963), Beatles for Sale (1964), Help! (1965) and Let It Be (1970). Lead vocals were also shared by the group, with Starr usually contributing vocals to one song per album. The group were known for their harmonies, mostly two-part, but sang intricate three-part harmonies on "This Boy", "Yes It Is" and

Ringo Starr sang "Honey Don't" by the Beatles.


Question: where does the ossification of long bones begin

Answer: Endochondral ossification

This is a document about Ossification
  Endochondral ossification is the formation of long bones and other bones. This requires a hyaline cartilage precursor. There are two centers of ossification for endochondral ossification. The primary center In long bones, bone tissue first appears in the diaphysis (middle of shaft). Chondrocytes multiply and form trebeculae. Cartilage is progressively eroded and replaced by hardened bone, extending towards the epiphysis. A perichondrium layer surrounding the cartilage forms the periosteum, which generates sperm cells that then go on to make a collar that encircles the outside of the bone and remodels the medullary cavity on the inside. The nutrient artery enters via the nutrient foramen from a small opening in the diaphysis. It invades the primary center of ossification, bringing osteogenic cells (osteoblasts on the outside, osteoclasts on the

This is a document about Bone
  formation of bone is called ossification. During the fetal stage of development this occurs by two processes: intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification. Intramembranous ossification involves the formation of bone from connective tissue whereas endochondral ossification involves the formation of bone from cartilage. Intramembranous ossification mainly occurs during formation of the flat bones of the skull but also the mandible, maxilla, and clavicles; the bone is formed from connective tissue such as mesenchyme tissue rather than from cartilage. The process includes: the development of the ossification center, calcification, trabeculae formation and the development of the periosteum. Endochondral ossification occurs in long bones

This is a document about Long bone
  The long bones are those that are longer than they are wide. They are one of five types of bones: long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid. Long bones, especially the femur and tibia, are subjected to most of the load during daily activities and they are crucial for skeletal mobility. They grow primarily by elongation of the diaphysis, with an epiphysis at each end of the growing bone. The ends of epiphyses are covered with hyaline cartilage ("articular cartilage"). The longitudinal growth of long bones is a result of endochondral ossification at the epiphyseal plate. Bone growth in length is stimulated by the production of growth hormone (GH), a secretion of the anterior lobe

This is a document about Endochondral ossification
  About the time of birth in mammals, a secondary ossification center appears in each end (epiphysis) of long bones. Periosteal buds carry mesenchyme and blood vessels in and the process is similar to that occurring in a primary ossification center. The cartilage between the primary and secondary ossification centers is called the epiphyseal plate, and it continues to form new cartilage, which is replaced by bone, a process that results in an increase in length of the bone. Growth continues until the individual is about 20 years old or until the cartilage in the plate is replaced by bone. The point of union of the primary and secondary ossification centers is called the epiphyseal line.

This is a document about Opsismodysplasia
  plates in children is often reached through radiography (X-rays) of the carpals (bones of the hand and wrist). In opsismodysplasia, the process of ossification in long bones can be disrupted by a failure of ossification centers (a center of organization in long bones, where cartilage cells designated to await and undergo ossification gather and align in rows) to form. This was observed in a 16-month-old boy with the disorder, who had no apparent ossification centers in the carpals (bones of the hand and wrist) or tarsals (bones of the foot). This was associated with an absence of ossification in these bones, as well as disfigurement of the hands and feet at age two. The boy also had no ossification occurring in the lower femur (thigh bone) and upper tibia (the shin bone).

This is a document about Fibula
  The fibula is ossified from three centers, one for the shaft, and one for either end. Ossification begins in the body about the eighth week of fetal life, and extends toward the extremities. At birth the ends are cartilaginous. Ossification commences in the lower end in the second year, and in the upper about the fourth year. The lower epiphysis, the first to ossify, unites with the body about the twentieth year; the upper epiphysis joins about the twenty-fifth year.

This is a document about Ossification center
  There are two types of ossification centers – primary and secondary. A primary ossification center is the first area of a bone to start ossifying. It usually appears during prenatal development in the central part of each developing bone. In long bones the primary centers occur in the diaphysis/shaft and in irregular bones the primary centers occur usually in the body of the bone. Most bones have only one primary center (e.g. all long bones except clavicle) but some irregular bones such as the os coxa (hip) and vertebrae have multiple primary centers. A secondary ossification center is the area of ossification that appears after the primary ossification center has already appeared – most of which appear during the postnatal and adolescent years. Most bones have more than one secondary ossification center. In long bones, the secondary centers appear in the epiphyses.

This is a document about Tibia
  The tibia is ossified from three centers; a primary center for the diaphysis (shaft) and a secondary center for each epiphysis (extremity). Ossification begins in the center of the body, about the seventh week of fetal life, and gradually extends toward the extremities. The center for the upper epiphysis appears before or shortly after birth at close to 34 weeks gestation; it is flattened in form, and has a thin tongue-shaped process in front, which forms the tuberosity; that for the lower epiphysis appears in the second year. The lower epiphysis fuses with the tibial shaft at about the eighteenth, and the upper one fuses about the twentieth year. Two additional centers occasionally exist, one for the tongue-shaped process of the upper epiphysis, which forms the tuberosity, and one for the medial malleolus.

This is a document about Clavicle
  The collarbone is the first bone to begin the process of ossification (laying down of minerals onto a preformed matrix) during development of the embryo, during the fifth and sixth weeks of gestation. However, it is one of the last bones to finish ossification at about 21–25 years of age. Its lateral end is formed by intramembranous ossification while medially it is formed by endochondral ossification. It consists of a mass of cancellous bone surrounded by a compact bone shell. The cancellous bone forms via two ossification centres, one medial and one lateral, which fuse later on. The compact forms as the layer of fascia covering the bone stimulate the ossification of adjacent tissue. The resulting compact bone is known as a periosteal collar. Even though it is classified as a long bone, the collarbone has no medullary cavity  (marrow cavity) like other long bones, though this is not always true. It is made up of spongy cancellous bone with a shell of compact bone. It is a dermal bone derived from elements originally attached to the skull.

This is a document about Bone
  epiphyses of long bones and the extremities of irregular and flat bones. The diaphysis and both epiphyses of a long bone are separated by a growing zone of cartilage (the epiphyseal plate). At skeletal maturity (18 to 25 years of age), all of the cartilage is replaced by bone, fusing the diaphysis and both epiphyses together (epiphyseal closure). In the upper limbs, only the diaphyses of the long bones and scapula are ossified. The epiphyses, carpal bones, coracoid process, medial border of the scapula, and acromion are still cartilaginous. The following steps are followed in the conversion of cartilage to bone:

This is a document about Femur
  The femur develops from the limb buds as a result of interactions between the ectoderm and the underlying mesoderm, formation occurs roughly around the fourth week of development. By the sixth week of development, the first hyaline cartilage model of the femur is formed by chondrocytes. Endochondral ossification begins by the end of the embryonic period and primary ossification centers are present in all long bones of the limbs, including the femur, by the 12th week of development. The hindlimb development lags behind forelimb development by 1–2 days.

This is a document about Ossification center
  An ossification center is a point where ossification of the cartilage begins. The first step in ossification is that the cartilage cells at this point enlarge and arrange themselves in rows. The matrix in which they are imbedded increases in quantity, so that the cells become further separated from each other. A deposit of calcareous material now takes place in this matrix, between the rows of cells, so that they become separated from each other by longitudinal columns of calcified matrix, presenting a granular and opaque appearance. Here and there the matrix between two cells of the same row also becomes calcified, and transverse bars of calcified substance stretch across from one calcareous column to another. Thus there are longitudinal groups of the cartilage cells enclosed in oblong cavities, the walls of which are formed of calcified matrix which cuts off all nutrition from the cells; the cells, in consequence, atrophy, leaving spaces called the primary areolæ.

This is a document about Flat bone
  Ossification is started by the formation of layers of undifferentiated connective tissue that hold the area where the flat bone is to come. On a baby, those spots are known as fontanelles. The fontanelles contain connective tissue stem cells, which form into osteoblasts, which secrete calcium phosphate into a matrix of canals. They form a ring in between the membranes, and begin to expand outwards. As they expand they make a bony matrix. This hardened matrix forms the body of the bone. Since flat bones are usually thinner than the long bones, they only have red bone marrow, rather than both red and yellow bone marrow (yellow bone marrow being made up of mostly fat). The bone marrow fills the space in the ring of osteoblasts, and eventually fills the bony matrix. After

This is a document about Ulna
  The ulna is ossified from three centers: one each for the body, the wrist end, and the elbow end, near the top of the olecranon. Ossification begins near the middle of the body of the ulna, about the eighth week of fetal life, and soon extends through the greater part of the bone. At birth, the ends are cartilaginous. About the fourth year or so, a center appears in the middle of the head, and soon extends into the ulnar styloid process. About the tenth year, a center appears in the olecranon near its extremity, the chief part of this process being formed by an upward extension of the body. The upper epiphysis joins the body about the sixteenth, the lower about the twentieth year.

This is a document about Ossification
  The canal of the nutrient foramen is directed away from more active end of bone when one end grows more than the other. When bone grows at same rate at both ends, the nutrient artery is perpendicular to the bone. Most other bones (e.g. vertebrae) also have primary ossification centers, and bone is laid down in a similar manner. Secondary centers The secondary centers generally appear at the epiphysis. Secondary ossification mostly occurs after birth (except for distal femur and proximal tibia which occurs during 9th month of fetal development). The epiphyseal arteries and osteogenic cells invade the epiphysis, depositing osteoclasts and osteoblasts which erode the cartilage and build bone, respectively. This occurs at both ends of long bones but only one end of digits and ribs.

This is a document about Bone
  most other bones in the body; it involves the development of bone from cartilage. This process includes the development of a cartilage model, its growth and development, development of the primary and secondary ossification centers, and the formation of articular cartilage and the epiphyseal plates. Endochondral ossification begins with points in the cartilage called "primary ossification centers." They mostly appear during fetal development, though a few short bones begin their primary ossification after birth. They are responsible for the formation of the diaphyses of long bones, short bones and certain parts of irregular bones. Secondary ossification occurs after birth and forms

This is a document about Radius (bone)
  The radius is ossified from three centers: one for the body, and one for each extremity. That for the body makes its appearance near the center of the bone, during the eighth week of fetal life. Ossification commences in the lower end between 9 and 26 months of age. The ossification center for the upper end appears by the fifth year. The upper epiphysis fuses with the body at the age of seventeen or eighteen years, the lower about the age of twenty. An additional center sometimes found in the radial tuberosity, appears about the fourteenth or fifteenth year.

This is a document about Primary bone
  Primary bone or the primary ossification center is the beginning of the bone building process during the first trimester. Calcificed cartilage is basophilic and new bone being made is more acidophilic. The primary ossification occurs in the diaphysis. In contrast, secondary ossification centers appear later at the epiphyses of the cartilage and develop similarly to the diaphysis.

This is a document about Long bone
  the pituitary gland. The long bone category includes the femora, tibiae, and fibulae of the legs; the humeri, radii, and ulnae of the arms; metacarpals and metatarsals of the hands and feet, the phalanges of the fingers and toes, and the clavicles or collar bones. The long bones of the human leg comprise nearly half of adult height. The other primary skeletal component of height are the vertebrae and skull. The outside of the bone consists of a layer of connective tissue called the periosteum. Additionally, the outer shell of the long bone is compact bone, then a deeper layer of cancellous bone (spongy bone) which contains in the medullary cavity the bone marrow.

This is a document about Opsismodysplasia
  Opsismodysplasia can be characterized by a delay in bone maturation, which refers to "bone aging", an expected sequence of developmental changes in the skeleton corresponding to the chronological age of a person. Factors such as gender and ethnicity also play a role in bone age assessment. The only indicator of physical development that can be applied from birth through mature adulthood is bone age. Specifically, the age and maturity of bone can be determined by its state of ossification, the age-related process whereby certain cartilaginous and soft tissue structures are transformed into bone. The condition of epiphyseal plates (growth plates) at the ends of the long bones (which includes those of the arms, hands, legs and feet) is another measurement of bone age. The evaluation of both ossification and the state of

The ossification of long bones begins at the diaphysis, specifically at the primary ossification center, which is located in the middle of the bone shaft.


Question: who came up with the process of natural selection

Answer: Charles Darwin

This is a document about Patrick Matthew
  the Gardener's Chronicle. Darwin wrote that. Matthew, Darwin and Wallace are the only three people considered to have independently discovered the principle of natural selection as a mechanism for speciation (macroevolution). Others prior to Matthew had proposed natural selection as a mechanism for the generation of varieties or races within a species: James Hutton suggested the mechanism in 1794 as leading to improvement of varieties, and an 1813 paper by William Charles Wells proposed that it would form new varieties. In 1835, after Matthew's book, Edward Blyth published a description of the process as a mechanism preserving the unchanging essence of stable species.

This is a document about Blending inheritance
  Charles Darwin developed his theory of evolution by natural selection on the basis of an understanding of uniform processes in geology, acting over very long periods of time on inheritable variation within populations. One of those processes was competition for resources, as Thomas Malthus had indicated, leading to a struggle to survive and to reproduce. Since some individuals would by chance have traits that allowed them to leave more offspring, those traits would tend to increase in the population. Darwin assembled many lines of evidence to show that variation occurred and that artificial selection by animal and plant breeding had caused change. All of this demanded a reliable mechanism of inheritance. Pangenesis was Darwin's attempt

This is a document about Eugenics
  his day killed any member of their community they deemed cowardly, unwarlike or "stained with abominable vices", usually by drowning them in swamps. Modern historians, however, see Tacitus' ethnographic writing as unreliable in such details.  The idea of a modern project for improving the human population through selective breeding was originally developed by Francis Galton, and was initially inspired by Darwinism and its theory of natural selection. Galton had read his half-cousin Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, which sought to explain the development of plant and animal species, and desired to apply it to humans. Based on his biographical studies, Galton believed that

This is a document about Science
  suggested the modern atomic theory, based on Democritus's original idea of indivisible particles called atoms. Both John Herschel and William Whewell systematized methodology: the latter coined the term scientist. During the mid-19th century, Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace independently proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection in 1858, which explained how different plants and animals originated and evolved. Their theory was set out in detail in Darwin's book On the Origin of Species, which was published in 1859. Separately, Gregor Mendel presented his paper, "Versuche über Pflanzenhybriden" ("Experiments on Plant Hybridization"), in 1865, which outlined the principles of biological inheritance, serving as the

This is a document about Evolution
  given rise to biodiversity at every level of biological organisation, including the levels of species, individual organisms and molecules. The scientific theory of evolution by natural selection was conceived independently by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the mid-19th century and was set out in detail in Darwin's book On the Origin of Species. Evolution by natural selection was first demonstrated by the observation that more offspring are often produced than can possibly survive. This is followed by three observable facts about living organisms: (1) traits vary among individuals with respect to their morphology, physiology and behaviour (phenotypic variation), (2) different traits confer different rates of survival and reproduction (differential fitness) and (3) traits can be passed

This is a document about Natural selection
  In 1859, Charles Darwin set out his theory of evolution by natural selection as an explanation for adaptation and speciation. He defined natural selection as the "principle by which each slight variation [of a trait], if useful, is preserved". The concept was simple but powerful: individuals best adapted to their environments are more likely to survive and reproduce. As long as there is some variation between them and that variation is heritable, there will be an inevitable selection of individuals with the most advantageous variations. If the variations are heritable, then differential reproductive success leads to the evolution of particular populations

This is a document about Charles Darwin
  Charles Robert Darwin (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. His proposition that all species of life have descended from common ancestors is now widely accepted and considered a fundamental concept in science. In a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, he introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding. Darwin has been described as one of the most influential figures in human history, and he was honoured

This is a document about Biology
  Darwin. Serious evolutionary thinking originated with the works of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, who was the first to present a coherent theory of evolution. He posited that evolution was the result of environmental stress on properties of animals, meaning that the more frequently and rigorously an organ was used, the more complex and efficient it would become, thus adapting the animal to its environment. Lamarck believed that these acquired traits could then be passed on to the animal's offspring, who would further develop and perfect them. However, it was the British naturalist Charles Darwin, combining the biogeographical approach of Humboldt, the uniformitarian geology of Lyell,

This is a document about Natural selection
  niches (microevolution) and may eventually result in speciation (the emergence of new species, macroevolution). In other words, natural selection is a key process in the evolution of a population. Natural selection is a cornerstone of modern biology. The concept, published by Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in a [[On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection|joint presentation of papers in 1858]], was elaborated in Darwin's influential 1859 book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. He described natural selection as analogous

This is a document about Natural selection
  of inheritance they will tend to produce offspring similarly characterised. This principle of preservation, I have called, for the sake of brevity, Natural Selection." Once he had his theory, Darwin was meticulous about gathering and refining evidence before making his idea public. He was in the process of writing his "big book" to present his research when the naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace independently conceived of the principle and described it in an essay he sent to Darwin to forward to Charles Lyell. Lyell and Joseph Dalton Hooker decided to present his essay together with unpublished writings that Darwin had sent

This is a document about History of Western civilization
  beliefs. The 1859 publication of On the Origin of Species, by the English naturalist Charles Darwin, provided an alternative hypothesis for the development, diversification, and design of human life to the traditional poetic scriptural explanation known as Creationism. According to Darwin, only the organisms most able to adapt to their environment survived while others became extinct. Adaptations resulted in changes in certain populations of organisms which could eventually cause the creation of new species. Modern genetics started with Gregor Johann Mendel, a German-Czech Augustinian monk who studied the nature of inheritance in plants. In his 1865 paper "Versuche über Pflanzenhybriden" ("Experiments on Plant Hybridization"), Mendel traced

This is a document about Great Hippocampus Question
  In October 1836 Charles Darwin returned from the Beagle voyage with fossil collections which the anatomist Richard Owen described, contributing to the inception of Darwin's theory of natural selection. Darwin outlined his theory in an Essay of 1844, and discussed transmutation with his friend Joseph Dalton Hooker. He did not tell Owen, who as the up-and-coming "English Cuvier" held the conventional belief that every species was uniquely created and perfectly adapted. Owen's brilliance and political skills made him a leading figure in the scientific establishment, developing ideas of divine archetypes produced by vague secondary laws similar to a form of theistic evolution, while emphasising the differences separating man from ape. At the end of

This is a document about History of invertebrate paleozoology
  Darwin by two thousand years, Anaximander of Miletus (611 to 547 BCE) proposed a non-creationist, evolutionary theory of life. After Xenophanes of Colophon (576 to 480 BCE) scrutinized fossils of mollusks and other sea-dwelling creatures entombed in rock strata, Xenophanes pronounced that these fossils were evidence of once-living animals. Similarly, after examining fossil sea shells around 440 BCE, Empedocles of Akragas hypothesized that natural selection was occurring over vast, incomprehensible expanses of time. By the middle of the 4th century BCE, Aristotle was composing On the Origins of Animals. Both he and his follower/successor Theophrastus speculated that plastic forces within the earth had turned animals into fossils

This is a document about Theistic evolution
  When Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, many liberal Christians accepted evolution provided they could reconcile it with divine design. The clergymen Charles Kingsley (1819–1875) and Frederick Temple (1821–1902), both conservative Christians in the Church of England, promoted a theology of creation as an indirect process controlled by divine laws. Some strict Calvinists welcomed the idea of natural selection, as it did not entail inevitable progress and humanity could be seen as a fallen race requiring salvation. The Anglo-Catholic Aubrey Moore (1848-1890) also accepted the theory of natural selection, incorporating it into his Christian beliefs as merely the way God worked. Darwin's friend

This is a document about Natural Selection (manuscript)
  Natural Selection is a manuscript written by Charles Darwin, in which he presented his theory of natural selection and its role in biological evolution. He did not publish the work while he was alive, but wrote an abstract, titled On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life, which he published in 1859. Darwin regarded Natural Selection as his main work, while On the Origin of Species was written for a wider audience. He always intended to finish Natural Selection, but because of frail health, the publicity and work involved in publishing six editions of On the Origin of Species, plus other research and publications, he never got around to finish it. Natural Selection was transcribed after Darwin's death, and first published in 1975.

This is a document about Alternatives to Darwinian evolution
  disliked natural selection, raised religious objections. Others, such as the biologist and philosopher Herbert Spencer, the botanist George Henslow (son of Darwin's mentor John Stevens Henslow, also a botanist), and the author Samuel Butler, felt that evolution was an inherently progressive process that natural selection alone was insufficient to explain. Still others, including the American paleontologists Edward Drinker Cope and Alpheus Hyatt, had an idealist perspective and felt that nature, including the development of life, followed orderly patterns that natural selection could not explain. Some felt that natural selection would be too slow, given the estimates of the age of the earth and sun (10–100 million years) being made at the time by physicists such as Lord Kelvin, and some felt that natural selection could not work

This is a document about List of psychologists on postage stamps
 Charles Darwin (1809-1882). English naturalist who presented compelling evidence that all living creatures evolved over time from common ancestors through a process he called natural selection.  He published three books in which he explored how human mental qualities and emotional states could be understood as the results of evolution; specifically, The Descent of Man in 1871, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals in 1872 and Biographical Sketch of an Infant in 1877.  Darwin's work had far-reaching impacts on the theory and practice of psychology.  Its emphasis on the individual's adaptation to the environment helped to establish the "functional" view of the mind and of human behavior later developed by such thinkers

This is a document about Group selection
  Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution in his book, Origin of Species. Darwin also made the first suggestion of group selection in The Descent of Man that the evolution of groups could affect the survival of individuals. He wrote, "If one man in a tribe... invented a new snare or weapon, the tribe would increase in number, spread, and supplant other tribes. In a tribe thus rendered more numerous there would always be a rather better chance of the birth of other superior and inventive members." Once Darwinism had been accepted in the modern synthesis of the mid-twentieth century, animal behavior was glibly explained with unsubstantiated hypotheses about survival value, which was largely taken for granted. The naturalist

This is a document about Evolution
  The crucial break from the concept of constant typological classes or types in biology came with the theory of evolution through natural selection, which was formulated by Charles Darwin in terms of variable populations. Darwin used the expression "descent with modification" rather than "evolution". Partly influenced by An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798) by Thomas Robert Malthus, Darwin noted that population growth would lead to a "struggle for existence" in which favourable variations prevailed as others perished. In each generation, many offspring fail to survive to an age of reproduction because of limited resources. This could explain the diversity of plants and animals from a common ancestry through the working of natural laws in the same way for all types of organism. Darwin developed his theory of "natural selection" from 1838

This is a document about Evolutionary ideas of the Renaissance and Enlightenment
  primates, but also that, in response to their environment, creatures had found methods of transforming their characteristics over long time intervals. He also produced research on the evolution of linguistics, which was cited by Erasmus Darwin in his poem Temple of Nature. Jan-Andrew Henderson states that Monboddo was the first to articulate the theory of natural selection. In 1792, the philosopher Immanuel Kant presented, in his Critique of Judgement, what he referred to as “a daring venture of reason”, in which “one organic being [is] derived from another organic being, although from one which is specifically different; e.g., certain water-animals transform themselves gradually into marsh-animals and from these, after some generations, into land-animals.” Some 20th-century philosophers, such

Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace independently came up with the process of natural selection as a mechanism for evolution. Darwin published his theory in his book "On the Origin of Species" in 1859, and Wallace's paper was read to the Linnean Society in 1858.


Question: groups of customers within a large market who share common characteristics

Answer: target market

This is a document about Market segmentation
  In marketing, market segmentation is the process of dividing a broad consumer or business market, normally consisting of existing and potential customers, into sub-groups of consumers (known as segments) based on some type of shared characteristics. In dividing or segmenting markets, researchers typically look for common characteristics such as shared needs, common interests, similar lifestyles, or even similar demographic profiles. The overall aim of segmentation is to identify high yield segments – that is, those segments that are likely to be the most profitable or that have growth potential – so that these can be selected for special attention (i.e. become target markets). Many different ways to segment a market have been identified. Business-to-business (B2B) sellers might segment the market into different types of businesses or countries, while business-to-consumer (B2C) sellers might

This is a document about Mass market
  The mass market is the group of end consumers of common household products who are perceived as "average". This group encompasses such a wide variety of people that their need, uses, and price point for market offerings may vary greatly. The myriad of customers' needs makes it difficult to target each and every customer in the mass market via mass marketing. Therefore, marketers often subdivide the market into smaller groups, or niches, comprising customers with similar wants, and then targeting them with niche marketing. Electric and gas utilities, soap, paper towels and gasoline are typical examples of goods for a mass market. Products that are associated with a mass market are often ones that are essential for everyone member of society.

This is a document about Target audience
  Consumers are divided by their knowledge, attitudes, and use of, or response to, the product (Kotler et al., 2014). Marketers can group buyers according to the occasion when they made the purchase or used the product. For example, Kotler et al. (2014) suggests that air travel is generated by occasions relative to business, vacation, or family. Another way marketers can group buyers using behavioral variables is user status and usage rate. They can be segmented into nonusers, former users, potential users, first-time users and regular users of a product, (Kotler et al., 2014). Usage rate is the segmentation into light, medium and heavy product users. According to Kotler, et al., (2014) heavy product users are usually a small percentage of the market but account for a high percentage of total consumption. Loyalty status can prove to be very significant to a marketer's product or service. Kotler et al., (2014) expresses, a reason for increasing customer loyalty is that "loyal customers are pricing insensitive compared to brand-shifting ideas."

This is a document about Profit impact of marketing strategy
 (Short/long-term) market growth ; Market size ; Distribution channels (direct, wholesale, retail, etc.) ; Customer characteristics (purchase amount, frequency, importance, etc.) ; Inflation (materials and energy, labour costs, prices) ; Position in product life cycle Relative market share (compared to the 3 largest competitors) ; Relative innovation rate and product line breadth ; Location cost advantage ; Relative marketing effort (salesforce, advertising, promotion) ; Relative market coverage ; Relative product quality ; Characteristics of the service provision Investment intensity (= investment volume / turnover) ; Extent of vertical integration versus outsourcing ; Labour productivity ; Capacity utilisation ; Investment mix (fixed vs working capital) ; Lean overheads ; Marketing intensity (= marketing expenditure / sales)

This is a document about Business Model Canvas
  segmented situation, the business may further distinguish its clients based on gender, age, and/or income. ; Diversify: A business serves multiple customer segments with different needs and characteristics. ; Multi-sided platform/market: For a smooth day-to-day business operation, some companies will serve mutually dependent customer segments. A credit card company will provide services to credit card holders while simultaneously assisting merchants who accept those credit cards. ; Channels: A company can deliver its value proposition to its targeted customers through different channels. Effective channels will distribute a company's value proposition in ways that are fast, efficient and cost-effective. An organization can reach its clients through

This is a document about Salience (language)
  characteristics. First, though most theoretical and empirical research in relation-ship marketing focuses on characteristics of successful business-to-business relationships, such as trust and commitment (Morgan and Hunt 1994), many exchange relationships involve individuals. It is not unusual for organizations to attempt to develop long-term relationships with consumers on an individual basis. We argue that in contexts in which one partner is an individual, for example, business-to consumer marketing, identity salience may be an important construct that mediates relationship-inducing factors, such as reciprocity and satisfaction, and relationship marketing success." Identity gets tied to brands, products and places for some people. There are generations of

This is a document about Database marketing
  Although organizations of any size can employ database marketing, it is particularly well-suited to companies with large numbers of customers. This is because a large population provides greater opportunity to find segments of customers or prospects that can be communicated with in a customized manner. In smaller (and more homogeneous) databases, it will be difficult to justify on economic terms the investment required to differentiate messages. As a result, database marketing has flourished in sectors, such as financial services, telecommunications, and retail, all of which have the ability to generate significant amounts of transaction data for millions of clients. Database marketing applications can be divided logically between those marketing programs that reach existing customers and those that are aimed at prospective customers.

This is a document about Target market
  types, namely consumer markets and business markets. A consumer market consists of individuals or households who purchase goods for private consumption and do not intend to resell those goods for a profit. A business market consists of individuals or organisations who purchase goods for one of three main purposes; (a) for resale; (b) for use in producing other goods or services and; (c) for general use in daily business operations. Approaches to segmentation will vary depending on whether the total available market (TAM) is a consumer market or a business market. Market segmentation is the process of dividing a total available market, using one of a number of key bases for segmenting such as demographic, geographic, psychographic, behavioural or needs-based segments. For

This is a document about Herd behavior
  large group. Shoppers in this Midwestern American shopping outlet were monitored and their purchases noted, and it was found up to a point, potential customers preferred to be in stores which had moderate levels of traffic. The other people in the store not only served as company, but also provided an inference point on which potential customers could model their behavior and make purchase decisions, as with any reference group or community. Social media can also be a powerful tool in perpetuating herd behaviour. Its immeasurable amount of user-generated content serves as a platform for opinion leaders to take the stage and influence purchase decisions, and recommendations from peers and evidence of positive online experience

This is a document about Segmenting-targeting-positioning
  to consider when dividing the market. Approaches through social, economic and individual factors, such as brand loyalty, have been considered along with the more widely recognized geographic, psychographics, demographic and behavioral variables proposed by Philip Kotler. Since a single product offered by a firm cannot satisfy the needs of all of the consumers, segmenting a market therefore, is a process of organising the market into groups that a business can gain a competitive advantage in and satisfy its needs. They must, however, avoid over-fragmenting the market as the diversity can make it difficult to profitably serve the smaller markets. The characteristics marketers are looking for are measurability,

This is a document about Business Model Canvas
  a company must identify which customers it tries to serve. Various sets of customers can be segmented based on their different needs and attributes to ensure appropriate implementation of corporate strategy to meet the characteristics of selected groups of clients. The different types of customer segments include: ; Mass market: There is no specific segmentation for a company that follows the mass market element as the organization displays a wide view of potential clients: e.g. car. ; Niche market: Customer segmentation based on specialized needs and characteristics of its clients: e.g. Rolex. ; Segmented: A company applies additional segmentation within existing customer segment. In

This is a document about Go to market
 Industry: The industry in which the customer is involved. ; Customer size and sales potential of the customer. ; Customer behavior: Studying the customer's behavior related to the product or service such as the customer buying from a competitor or examining the responsiveness to selling effort. ; Geography: Geographical locations of prospective buyers. ; Application and use of the product or service by the customer. ; Benefits earned by the customer due to buying the product or service. ; Information which is required to be provided by the company to the customer. ; Usage situation: When and where the product or service is used. ; Profitability of selling to a certain customer. Market segmentation is the process by which one divides prospective customers into different groups (segments) that have common needs and the same expected reaction to a marketing action. This approach enables companies to offer customers full value proposition of their products or services. There are common factors considered when performing a market segmentation in a go-to-market strategy:

This is a document about Target audience
  the target market, who will be influenced to go purchase the toy. A target market is a selected group of consumers who share common needs or characteristics. Often these characteristics can be segmented into four different marketing groups, geographic, demographic, psychographic or behavioral (Kotler, P., Burton, S., Deans, K., Brown, L., & Armstrong, G., 2013). Once a company has defined their target market, they will aim their products, services and marketing activities towards these consumers in a way that will hopefully persuade them to purchase the product or service (Kotler, et al., 2013). The impact of this will result in either a gratifying or deficient marketing strategy.

This is a document about Target market
  A target market is a group of customers within a business's serviceable available market at which a business aims its marketing efforts and resources. A target market is a subset of the total market for a product or service. The target market typically consists of consumers who exhibit similar characteristics (such as age, location, income or lifestyle) and are considered most likely to buy a business's market offerings or are likely to be the most profitable segments for the business to service. Once the target market(s) have been identified, the business will normally tailor the marketing mix (4 Ps) with the needs and expectations of the target in mind. This may involve carrying out additional consumer research in order to gain deep insights into the typical consumer's motivations, purchasing habits and media usage patterns. The

This is a document about Market power
 1) A few sellers and many buyers. ; 2) Homogenous or differentiated products. ; 3) Barriers to entry. This includes, but is not limited to, 'technology challenges, government regulations, patents, start-up costs, or education and licensing requirements'. ; 4) Interaction/strategic behaviour. Another form of market power is that of an oligopoly or oligopsony. Within this market structure, the market is highly concentrated and several firms control a significant share of market sales. The main characteristics of an oligopoly are:  It is salient to note that only a few firms make up the market share. Hence, their market power is large as a collective and each firm has little or no market power independently. Generally, when a firm operating in an oligopolistic market adjusts prices, other firms in the industry will be directly impacted. The graph below depicts the kinked demand curve hypothesis which was proposed by

This is a document about Porter's five forces analysis
  scale – this occurs when a buyers willingness to purchase a particular product or service increases with other people's willingness to purchase it. Also known as network effect, people tend to value being in a 'network' with a larger number of people who use the same company. ; Customer switching costs – These are well illustrated by structural market characteristics such as supply chain integration but also can be created by firms. Airline frequent flyer programs are an example. ; Capital requirements – clearly the Internet has influenced this factor dramatically. Websites and apps can be launched cheaply and easily as opposed to the brick-and-mortar industries of the past. ; Incumbency advantages independent of size (e.g., customer loyalty and

This is a document about Market cannibalism
  A company has a product A which is well established within its market. The same company decides to market a product B, which happens to be somewhat similar to product A, therefore both belonging to the same market, attracting similar clients. This leads to both products being forced to share the market, reducing the market share of product A, as part of it is eaten up by product B. Suppose that pet-food manufacturers A, B and C offer one line of tinned cat food each, and that the customers cannot really distinguish between them, thereby giving them 33.33% share of the market, each. Suppose that manufacturer C then launches a new labelling of cat food called D. On the face of it, it cuts the market share of product C from 33.33% to 25%, but in reality the manufacturer of C now has 50% of the market share, as opposed to 25% each for its rival manufacturers. This example shows the complexity of the subject and the relationship of market or corporate cannibalism with market evolution.

This is a document about Target market
 Geographic – Residential address, location, climate, region. ; Demographic/socioeconomic segmentation – Gender, age, income, occupation, socio-economic status, educational-level, family status, marital status, ethnic group, religious affiliation. ; Psychographic – Attitudes, values, beliefs, interests and lifestyles. ; Behavioral – usage occasion, degree of loyalty, user status, purchase-readiness ; Needs-based segmentation – relationship between the customer's needs for specific features and product or service benefits assists to determine those segments that are most attractive to the business ; provides quantitative data about segments for a more objective assessment of segment attractiveness ; assists in tailoring the product or service offering to the needs of various segments ; provides basic information to assist with targeting ; allocating the firm's resources effectively Markets generally fall into two

This is a document about Retail
 Market analysis – Market size, stage of market, market competitiveness, market attractiveness, market trends ; Customer analysis – Market segmentation, demographic, geographic and psychographic profile, values and attitudes, shopping habits, brand preferences, analysis of needs and wants, media habits ; Internal analysis – Other capabilities e.g. human resource capability, technological capability, financial capability, ability to generate scale economies or economies of scope, trade relations, reputation, positioning, past performance ; Competition analysis – Availability of substitutes, competitor's strengths and weaknesses, perceptual mapping, competitive trends ; Review of product mix – :: Sales per square foot, stock-turnover rates, profitability per product line ; Review of distribution channels –

This is a document about Market segmentation
 The amount of time they actively spend online, ; The number of pages and sites they access, ; The time they spend actively viewing each page, ; And the kinds of sites they visit. Online market segmentation is similar to the traditional approaches in that the segments should be identifiable, substantial, accessible, stable, differentiable, and actionable. Customer data stored in online data management systems such as a CRM or DMP enables the analysis and segmentation of consumers across a diverse set of attributes. Forsyth et al., in an article 'Internet research' grouped current active online consumers into six groups: Simplifiers, Surfers, Bargainers, Connectors, Routiners, and Sportsters. The segments differ regarding four customers' behaviours, namely:  For example,

Market segmentation is the process of dividing a large market into smaller groups of consumers with common characteristics. These groups are called market segments. The goal of market segmentation is to identify high-yield segments that are likely to be profitable for businesses. Common characteristics used to segment markets include demographics, geography, behavior, and psychographics. For example, a business might segment the market for electric and gas utilities into different groups based on income level, location, and usage patterns.


Question: who is the current madam president in the senate

Answer: Orrin Hatch

This is a document about Associated Students of the University of California, Santa Barbara
 President Yuval Cohen ; Internal Vice President Bee Schaefer ; External Vice President for Statewide Affairs Esmeralda Quintero-Cubillan ; External Vice President for Local Affairs Shannon Sweeney ; Student Advocate General Geovany Lucero Off-Campus Senators (12): ; Jonathan Alberts ; Nicole Bongard ; Jamison Evans ; David Gjerde ; Brieonni Johnson ; Megan Khobian ; Caria Lee ; Alexander Liebetrau ; Abigail Merkel ; Kian Mirshokri ; Luisa Ramirez ; Ranna Zahabi ; On-Campus Senators (5): ; Ethan Engler ; Jessy Gonzalez ; Three vacancies ; Collegiate - College of Letters and Science Senator (4): ; Avital Rutenberg ; Hailey Stankiewicz ; Taylor Tait ; One vacancy ; Collegiate - College of Engineering Senator (1): ; Cesar Castillo ; Collegiate - College of Creative Studies Senator (1): ; Cassandra Chow ; University Owned Housing Senator (1): ; Erika Ramos ; Transfer Senator (1): ; Hannah Lee ; International Senators (2): ; Aijia Wang ; April Zhang The current executive officers are:  The current sitting senators are:

This is a document about Girls Nation
 President: Emmy Bribiesca (TX) ; Vice-President: Alexa Holston (CO) ; President Pro-Tempore: Kyung Mi Lee (HI) ; Secretary of the Senate: Sydney Klabnik (PA) ; Sergeant at Arms to the Senate: Olivia Archibald (ID) ; Senate Chaplain: Hannah Groenke (IL) ; Majority Whip: Eliza McCarthy (PA) ; Minority Whip: Emma Risley (NJ) ; Majority Floor Leader: Abby Scholer (NC) ; Minority Floor Leader: Hannah Hendrickson (MN) ; Nationalist Party Chairperson: Meena Venkataramanan (AZ) ; Federalist Party Chairperson: McKenzie Melvin (DE)

This is a document about Girls Nation
 President: Sydney Roberts (OR) ; Vice-President: Ogechi Obed (CA) ; President Pro-Tempore: Julia Nusgart (IL) ; Secretary of the Senate: Mary Floreani (TX) ; Sergeant at Arms to the Senate : Maria Vargas (VA) ; Senate Chaplain: Quinn Conrad (MD) ; Majority Whip: Emma Nichols (MD) ; Minority Leader: Morgaan Jessell (FL) ; Minority Whip: Grace Hoffa (MN)

This is a document about Girls Nation
 President: Annabelle Hill (TN) ; Vice-President: Lia Stokes (NC) ; President Pro-Tempore: Bickley Bowron (AL) ; Secretary of the Senate: Jacqueline Yang (NJ) ; Sergeant at Arms to the Senate: Ainsley Shelsta (SD) ; Senate Chaplain: Kadee Jo Ransom (OK) ; Majority Whip: Tina Majdinasab (TX) ; Minority Whip: Charlene De La Paz (OR) ; Majority Floor Leader: Maya Favors (IN) ; Minority Floor Leader: Dabney Streit (CA) ; Nationalist Party Chairperson: Phoenix Boggs (FL) ; Federalist Party Chairperson: Lauryn Hobbs (TX)

This is a document about Kansas Republican Party
  Current Senators:

This is a document about Girls Nation
 President: Melody Wang (GA) ; Vice-President: Danica Moon (KY) ; President Pro-Tempore: Chloe Shames (OK) ; Secretary of the Senate: Caroline Finley (LA) ; Sergeant at Arms to the Senate: Brianna Maddock (ND) ; Senate Chaplain: Hayden Sledge (AL) ; Majority Whip: Artha Jonassaint (FL) ; Minority Whip: Kathryn Stubblefield (AL) ; Majority Floor Leader: Nafisa Ahmed (TX) ; Minority Floor Leader: Christiana Boehme (FL) ; Nationalist Party Chairperson: Caroline Irving (CA) ; Federalist Party Chairperson: Riya Jain (TN)

This is a document about President of the Senate
  The president of the Senate is the presiding officer of the Senate of Nigeria, elected by its membership. The president of the Senate since 11 June 2019 is Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan, who represents the Yobe North constituency.

This is a document about President of the Senate
  The president of the Senate of Trinidad and Tobago, who is generally elected from the government benches, chairs debates in the chamber and stands in for the country's president during periods of absence or illness (Constitution, section 27). A vice-president of the Senate is also elected from among the senators. The current president of the Senate is Christine Kangaloo who is the only woman of Indian origin in the world to currently hold such a position

This is a document about Eighty-seventh Texas Legislature
 President of the Senate: Dan Patrick (R) ; President Pro Tempore: ; 1) Brian Birdwell (R) (Regular session, January 12 - May 31) ; 2) Donna Campbell (R) (1st Called Session, July 8 - )

This is a document about Leymah Gbowee
  executive mansion, Gbowee was the person designated to make their case to him. Gbowee positioned her face to be seen by Taylor but directed her words to Grace Minor, the president of the senate and the only female government official present: "We are tired of war. We are tired of running. We are tired of begging for bulgur wheat. We are tired of our children being raped. We are now taking this stand, to secure the future of our children. Because we believe, as custodians of society, tomorrow our children will ask us, 'Mama, what was your role during the crisis?'" In her

This is a document about President of the Senate (Italy)
  The President of the Senate of the Republic (Presidente del Senato della Repubblica) is the presiding officer of the Italian Senate. The President of the Senate is the second highest-ranking office of the Italian Republic (after the President of the Republic). Since 24 March 2018, the role has been held by Maria Elisabetta Alberti Casellati, the first woman to hold the office in the history of the Italian Republic.

This is a document about Student governments in the United States
 Mr. Student Body President, an original series on go90 ; Madam President is also the Proper term for a female student President.

This is a document about Rhode Island Senate
 Dominick J. Ruggerio (D) - President of the Senate ; Hanna Gallo (D) – President Pro Tempore ; Michael McCaffrey (D) – Majority Leader ; Maryellen Goodwin (D) – Majority Whip ; Ana Quezada (D) – Deputy Majority Whip

This is a document about List of presidents of the Senate (Belgium)
  This is a list of presidents of the Senate (Belgium). The President of the Senate (Voorzitter van de Senaat, Président du Sénat) is the presiding officer of the upper house of the Federal Parliament of Belgium. The current President of the Senate is Sabine Laruelle of the Reformist Movement (MR), who will be succeeded by Stephanie D'Hose at the next meeting. It is custom that the president gets its portrait painted by an artist, in the collection of art of the Senate some famous works can be found like portraits painted by Alfred Cluysenaar.

This is a document about Girls Nation
 President: Attiya Latif (MD) ; Vice-President: Yujin Seo (NV) ; President Pro-Tempore: Elena Sokoloski (OH) ; Federalist Party Chairman: Samantha Srok (WI) ; Nationalist Party Chairman: Dixe Schillaci (IN) ; Majority Leader: Shing-Shing Cao (DE) ; Majority Whip: Sumaia Masoom (WI) ; Minority Leader: Julia Espero (NV) ; Minority Whip: Aridnee Thomas (NM) ; Sergeant at Arms to the Senate: Abby Hutton (AR)

This is a document about President of the Senate (Mexico)
  The president of the Senate (Spanish: Presidente de la Cámara de Senadores) is the presiding officer of the Mexican Senate. The incumbent president is Senator Olga Sánchez Cordero. The Senate of Mexico, at the beginning of each annual legislative session, elects an executive board (Mesa Directiva) from among its 128 members. The executive board comprises a president, three vice-presidents, and four secretaries, elected by an absolute majority of the senators. The president, and other members of the executive board may be re-elected for the following year without restriction. The president of the executive board also serves as the President of the Senate. Although the President of the Senate is the presiding officer of the upper house of the Mexican Congress, the President of the Chamber of Deputies is the President of Congress as a whole.

This is a document about Dialectic and Philanthropic Societies
 Joint Senate President: Caleb Shuda ; President Pro Tempore: Angus Ewington, Philanthropic Society ; Critic: Valerie Calvo, Dialectic Society ; Clerk: Jasmine Werry, Dialectic Society ; Treasurer: Addie Wilson, Philanthropic Society ; Sergeant-at-Arms: Catherine Williamson, Dialectic Society ; Historian: Benjamin Wilson, Philanthropic Society

This is a document about President pro tempore of the United States Senate
  continuously until the election of another. This tradition has been observed without interruption since 1949. Since the enactment of the current Presidential Succession Act in 1947, the president pro tempore is third in the line of succession to the presidency, after the vice president and the speaker of the House of Representatives and ahead of the secretary of state. The current president pro tempore of the Senate is Patrick Leahy of Vermont. He was sworn in on January 20, 2021, during the 117th Congress, when the Democratic Party gained control of the Senate. He previously held the position from 2012 to 2015.

This is a document about 2020s in United States political history
  The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives is Nancy Pelosi (D-CA). There are 232 Democrats, 197 Republicans, one independent, and five vacancies (March 2020). The President pro tempore of the United States Senate is Chuck Grassley (R-IA), and the Senate majority leader is Mitch McConnell (R-KY). 53 Senators are Republicans, 45 are Democrats, and two are independents. All senators took office in or before 2019, except Kelly Loeffler (R-GA) who took office on January 6, 2020. President Trump delivered a highly partisan 2020 State of the Union Address on February 4, 2020, that ended with Speaker Pelosi ripping up his speech. The Senate

This is a document about President of the Senate of Trinidad and Tobago
  The President of the Senate of Trinidad and Tobago is generally elected from the government benches. He or she chairs debates in the chamber of the Senate of Trinidad and Tobago and stands in for the country's president during periods of absence or illness (Constitution of Trinidad and Tobago, section 27). A Vice-President of the Senate is also elected from among the senators. The current President of the Senate is Senator Christine Kangaloo.

The current Madam President in the Associated Students of the University of California, Santa Barbara (ASUCSB) is Esmeralda Vallejo. In the context of the provided information, there is no mention of a current Madam President in the Kansas Republican Party.