Question: who was the mexican president who distributed land to the peasants in the 1930s

Answer: President Lázaro Cárdenas

This is a document about Land reform in Mexico
  However, in order to maintain the social peace with the peasantry, he began land reform in earnest. As president, Obregón distributed 1.7 million hectares, which was 1.3Ò% of agricultural land. The land distributed was mostly not existing cultivated lands, consisting of forests, pastures, mountainous land, and other uncultivable land (ranging from 51%-64.6%). Rain-fed land was the next largest category (ranging from 31.2% to 41.4%). The smallest amount of land distributed was irrigable land, ranging from a high of 8.2% in 1920 to just 4.2% in 1924. When Obregón sought to ensure his fellow Sonoran revolutionary general Plutarco Elías Calles was his successor, Obregón and Calles promised land reform to mobilize peasants against their rival Adolfo de la Huerta. Their faction prevailed and when Calles became president in 1924, he did increase distribution of land.

This is a document about Land reform in Mexico
  President Lázaro Cárdenas is credited with revitalizing land reform, along with other measures in keeping with the rhetoric of the Revolution. Although he was from the southern state of Michoacan, Cárdenas was part of the northern Constitutionalist revolutionary forces that emerged victorious during the Revolution. He did not join with the forces of Emiliano Zapata or Pancho Villa, who advocated sweeping land reform. Cárdenas distributed most land between 1936 and 1938, after he had ousted Calles and took full control of the government and before his expropriation of foreign oil companies in 1938. He was determined to distribute land to the peasantry, but also keep control

This is a document about Indigenismo in Mexico
  in 1919. Obregón and Calles both distributed land under the tenets of Article 27 of the Mexican Constitution of 1917, allowing the Mexican state to expropriate property. Calles distributed 3,045,802 hectares to over 300,000 people living in rural areas, many of them indigenous. Much of this land was ill-suited for agriculture or even barren. It is debated whether Calles's land redistribution was done for concern for the well-being of rural citizens or used as a tool to gain political support from rural areas. When Lázaro Cárdenas of the southern Mexican state of Michoacan became president in 1934, land reform in Mexico again became a high priority.

This is a document about Land reform in Mexico
   During the Mexican Revolution, two leaders stand out as carrying out immediate land reform without formal state intervention, Emiliano Zapata in the state of Morelos and Pancho Villa in northern Mexico. Although the political program of wealthy northern landowner Francisco I. Madero, the Plan of San Luis Potosí, promised the return of village lands unlawfully confiscated by large estate owners, when the Díaz regime fell and Madero was elected president of Mexico, he took little action on land reform. Zapata led peasants in the central state of Morelos, who divided up large sugar haciendas into plots for subsistence agriculture; in northern Mexico, Zapata and others in Morelos drafted the Plan of Ayala, which called

This is a document about Land reform in Mexico
  by colonizing areas not previously cultivated or existing lands that were deemed inefficiently used. Extending credit to agricultural enterprises benefited large land owners rather than the peasantry. State-constructed Irrigation projects to increase production likewise benefited them. Since many revolutionary leaders, including Obregón and Calles, were recipients of large tracts of land, they were direct beneficiaries of state-directed agricultural infrastructure and credit. During Calles's presidency (1924–28), 3.2 million hectares of agricultural land were distributed, 2.4% of all agricultural land. The largest category of land distributed was non-agricultural land ranging from forests, pastures, mountainous, and other uncultivable lands, ranging from 60% to nearly 80% in 1928. Rainfed land was the next largest category, ranging from 35% to 20%. The smallest amount was irrigable land, just 3-4%.

This is a document about Land reforms by country
  individual small holders. After the war, the role of the state in land policy expanded during the presidency of Porfirio Diaz. The aim was to extinguish traditional subsistence farming and make agriculture in Mexico a dynamic commercial sector as part of Mexico's modernization. Land was concentrated in the hands of large-scale owners, a great many of them foreigners, leaving peasantry, the largest sector of the Mexican population, landless. Peasant unrest was a major cause of the Mexican Revolution 1910–20. A certain degree of land reform was introduced, albeit unevenly, as part of the Mexican Revolution. In 1934, president Lázaro Cárdenas passed the 1934 Agrarian Code and accelerated the pace of land reform. He helped redistribute

This is a document about Land reform in Mexico
  of the hacienda system. Cárdenas distributed more land than all his revolutionary predecessors put together, a 400% increase. Cárdenas wanted the peasantry tied to the Mexican state and did so by organizing peasant leagues that collectively represented the peasantry, the National Confederation of Peasants (CNC), within the new, sectoral party structure that Cárdenas created within the Party of the Mexican Revolution. During his administration, he redistributed 45000000 acre of land, 4000000 acre of which were expropriated from U.S. nationals who owned agricultural property. This caused conflict between Mexico and the United States. Cárdenas employed tactics of noncompliance and deception to gain leverage in this international dispute.

This is a document about Green Revolution
  use of machinery for cultivation and harvest, on large-scale agricultural enterprises with access to credit (often from foreign investors), government-supported infrastructure projects, and access to low-wage agricultural workers. Mexico was the recipient of knowledge and technology of the Green Revolution, and it was an active participant with financial supports from the government for agriculture and Mexican agronomists. In the aftermath of the Mexican Revolution, the government had redistributed land to peasants in some parts of the country which had broken the back of the hacienda system. During the presidency of Lázaro Cárdenas (1934-1940), land reform in Mexico reached its apex in the center and south of

This is a document about History of social democracy
  by president Lázaro Cárdenas and the Party of the Mexican Revolution, whose government initiated agrarian reform that broke up vast aristocratic estates and redistributed property to peasants. While deeply committed to social democracy, Cardenas was criticized by his left-wing opponents for being pro-capitalist due to his personal association with a wealthy family and for being corrupt due to his government's exemption from agrarian reform of the estate held by former Mexican president Álvaro Obregón. Political violence in Mexico escalated in the 1920s after the outbreak of the Cristero War in which far-right reactionary clerics staged a violent insurgency against

This is a document about Land reform in Mexico
  was assassinated by an agent of Carranza's in 1919, land reform there could not be reversed. When Alvaro Obregón became president in 1920, he recognized the land reform in Morelos and Zapatistas were given control of Morelos. The situation in northern Mexico was different from the Zapatista area of central Mexico, with few subsistence peasants, a tradition of military colonies to fight indigenous groups such as the Apaches, the development of large cattle haciendas and small ranchos. During the Porfiriato, the central Mexican state gained more control over the region, and hacienda owners who had previously not encroached on small holders' lands or limited access to large expanses of public lands began consolidating their

This is a document about Francisco I. Madero
  Francisco Ignacio Madero González (30 October 1873 – 22 February 1913), better known as Francisco I. Madero, was a Mexican businessman, landowner, reformist, writer and statesman, who became the 37th president of Mexico from 1911 until he was forced to resign in a rightwing coup d'etat in February 1913, during which he was assassinated. A member of a large and extremely wealthy landowning family in the northern state of Coahuila. Despite his wealth, he was an advocate for social justice and democracy. Madero was notable for challenging long-time President Porfirio Díaz for the presidency in 1910 and being instrumental in sparking the Mexican Revolution. Following his being jailed before fraudulent elections in

This is a document about Land reform in Mexico
  Land reform was an important issue in the Mexican Revolution, but the leader of the winning faction, wealthy landowner Venustiano Carranza was disinclined to pursue land reform. But in 1914 the two important Constitutionalist generals, Alvaro Obregón and Pancho Villa, called on him to articulate a policy of land distribution. One of Carranza's principal aides, Luis Cabrera, the law partner of Andrés Molina Enríquez, drafted the Agrarian Decree of January 6, 1915, promising to provide land for those in need of it. The driving idea behind the law was to blunt the appeal of Zapatismo and to give peasants access to land to supplement income during periods when they were not employed as day laborers on

This is a document about Álvaro Obregón
  Land reform was far more extensive under Obregón than it had been under Carranza. Obregón enforced the constitutional land redistribution provisions, and in total, 921,627 hectares of land were distributed during his presidency. However, Obregón was a successful commercial chickpea farmer in Sonora, and "did not believe in socialism or in land reform" and was in agreement with Madero and Carranza that "radical land reform might very well destroy the Mexican economy and lead to a return to subsistence agriculture."

This is a document about Foreign policy of the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration
  expelling Mexicans from the U.S. in what was known as Mexican Repatriation. Under President Lázaro Cárdenas Mexico in 1934-40 expropriated three million acres of agricultural land owned by 300 Americans. Its worth was a matter of debate: between $19 million and $102 million, but nothing was paid. Roosevelt settled the matter in 1938 quietly. He refused to aggressively intervene in Mexican agrarian disputes in order not to disrupt trade. He was sympathetic to Mexican president Lázaro Cárdenas's agrarian reform program, as was ambassador Josephus Daniels. On the other hand Secretary Hull was antagonistic. American Catholics – a major component of the New Deal coalition – were outraged at anti-Catholicism in Mexico. Ambassador Daniels worked quietly to convince the Mexican government it was essential that they minimize

This is a document about Adolfo López Mateos
  A wide range of social reforms were carried out during his presidency. Land reform was implemented vigorously, with 16 million hectares of land redistributed. It was the most significant amount of land distributed since the presidency of Lázaro Cárdenas. The government also sought to improve the lives of ejidatarios. The government expropriated land that had been owned by U.S. interests in the extreme south, which helped to reduce land tension in that part of the country.

This is a document about Emiliano Zapata
  enacted. However, a great deal of the significant land distribution which Zapata sought would later be enacted after Mexican President Lázaro Cárdenas took office in 1934. Cárdenas would fulfill not only the land distribution policies written in Article 27, but other reforms written in the Mexican Constitution as well. There are controversies about the portrayal of Emiliano Zapata and his followers, whether they were bandits or revolutionaries. At the outbreak of the Revolution, "Zapata's agrarian revolt was soon construed as a 'caste war' [race war], in which members of an 'inferior race' were captained by a 'modern Attila'". Zapata is now one of the most revered national heroes of Mexico. To many

This is a document about Lázaro Cárdenas
  Lázaro Cárdenas del Río (21 May 1895 – 19 October 1970) was a Mexican army officer and politician. He was a general in the Constitutionalist Army during the Mexican Revolution and a statesman who served as president of Mexico between 1934 and 1940. He is best known for nationalization of the oil industry in 1938 and the creation of Pemex, the government oil company. He also revived agrarian reform in Mexico, expropriating large landed estates and redistributing land to smallholders in collective holdings (ejidos). Although he was not from the state of Sonora, whose generals had dominated Mexican politics in the 1920s, Cárdenas was loyal to Sonoran general and former president Plutarco Elías Calles (1924–1928). Calles had

This is a document about Land reforms by country
  Cárdenas. Echeverría legalized take-overs of huge foreign-owned private farms, which were turned into new collective ejidos. In 1988, President Carlos Salinas de Gortari was elected. In December 1991, he amended Article 27 of the Constitution, making it legal to sell ejido land and allow peasants to put up their land as collateral for a loan. Francisco Madero and Emiliano Zapata were strongly identified with land reform, as are the present-day (as of 2006) Zapatista Army of National Liberation. Today, most Mexican peasants are landowners. However, their holdings are usually too small, and farmers must supplement their incomes by working for the remaining landlords, and/or traveling to the United States. See also: México Indígena (2005-2008 project)

This is a document about Economy of Mexico
  After the Mexican Revolution Mexico began an agrarian reform, based on the 27th article of the Mexican Constitution than included transfer of land and/or free land distribution to peasants and small farmers under the concept of the ejido. This program was further extended during President Cárdenas' administration during the 1930s and continued into the 1960s at varying rates. The cooperative agrarian reform, which guaranteed small farmers a means of subsistence livelihood, also caused land fragmentation and lack of capital investment, since commonly held land could not be used as collateral. In an effort to raise rural productivity and living standards, this constitutional article was amended in 1992 to allow for the transfer of property rights of the communal lands to farmers cultivating

This is a document about Bacobampo
  January 1929. In the 1930s, the federal government invested in the northern border states, building several dams to develop the region's agriculture. The subsequent agricultural boom caused a population surge in Sonoran towns near these dams such as Bacobampo and Colonia Irrigación (which would become Villa Juárez). In 1938, the hacienda of Bacobampo was redistributed to 802 peasants as a part of President Lázaro Cárdenas's land reform policies, and a collective ejido system was set up. Although the cooperative arrangement seemed to work well at first, the group divided into two groups: "collectivists" that were in favor of continuing to share the profits and "individualists" that preferred to break away from the group. Violence broke out and the problem got so serious that Cárdenas visited the town in June 1939 to restore the peace.

Lázaro Cárdenas was the Mexican president who distributed land to the peasants in the 1930s. He distributed over 3 million hectares of land to over 300,000 people under the Land Reform Act of 1934.


Question: who is the chairman of 7th pay commission

Answer: Justice A.K Mathur

This is a document about Pay Commission
  The Government of India has initiated the process to constitute the 7th Central Pay Commission along with finalisation of its Terms of Reference, the composition and the possible timeframe for submission of its Report. On 25 September 2013 then Finance Minister P Chidambaram announced that Prime Minister Manmohan Singh has approved the constitution of the 7th Pay Commission. Its recommendations are likely to be implemented with effect from 1 January 2016. Justice A.K Mathur will be heading the Seventh Pay Commission, announcement of which was done on 4 February 2014 . On 29 June 2016, Government accepted the recommendation of 7th Pay Commission Report with meager increase in salary of 14% after six months of intense evaluation and successive discussion.

This is a document about 7th Central Pay Commission (CPC) and Defence Forces
  the 7th Pay Commission report and the OROP". '' "We have been stabbed in the back", a senior officer told the Hindustan Times. Serving officer in the army headquarters, complained that according to equation in the memo (No A/24577/CAO/CP) "a captain is equivalent to a civilian Group B section officer. This isn't mischief, but mischief-plus by bureaucrats.'" They alleged that memo is "an attempt to reverse clearly established protocols established by successive pay panel reports and court rulings"; is against the spirit of recommendations made by a Committee headed by Pranab Mukherjee after the 6th Pay Commission report; and

This is a document about Ashok Kumar Mathur
  Ashok Kumar Mathur (born 7 August 1943) the former Chief justice of Calcutta High Court, Justice of the Supreme Court of India. He was appointed as the Chairman of 7th Pay Commission.

This is a document about D Murugesan
  Justice D. Murugesan was appointed by the Supreme Court of India on 28.11.2019, in Civil Appeal No. 10029 of 2017 as the Chairman of the One Man Commission to fix the Pay differences of the Government Servants. Supreme Court  of  India  has  also  ordered  that,  the  affected Employees  shall  not  be permitted to get the 7th Central Pay Commission scales on the basis of the higher scales till such time as a final decision is taken. Accordingly, Pay Grievance Redress Committee was constituted under the Chairmanship of Justice D.Murugesan. The Committee consists, apart from the Chairman, two official  Administrative  Members  and

This is a document about 7th Central Pay Commission (CPC) and Defence Forces
  7th CPC award in abeyance in view of the anomalies which need to be resolved". On 14 September 2016 the headquarters of the three services, following assurances at the highest level that anomalies affecting armed forces pay, pension, allowances, rank parity, and status would be addressed, issued instructions to their commands to implement the government decision. On 30 January 2018, President Ram Nath Kovind gave his nod to The 7th Pay Commission's suggestion of increasing the monthly salary of Chief Justice of India (CJI) to Rs 2.80 lakh per month from the present Rs 1 lakh per month, besides recommending a salary hike of the judges of the Supreme Court and the 24 High Courts.

This is a document about 7th Central Pay Commission (CPC) and Defence Forces
  their lives. Besides, the highest levels of proficiency, commitment and sense of sacrifice are demanded of them."  Air Chief Marshal Arup Raha, Chairman Chief of Staff Committee (CoSC), in an official statement released by the MOD, said, "The 7th Pay Commission anomalies in respect of the Armed Forces were discussed with the Hon'ble Raksha Mantri in detail by the Service Chiefs and the members of the Armed Forces Pay Commission Cell. The Hon'ble Raksha Mantri is seized of all the issues and has assured to resolve them at the earliest. The Services are satisfied with the response."  A large

This is a document about Pay Commission
  On 19 November 2015, the 7th Central Pay Commission recommended 23.55% hike in pay and allowances which will be implemented from 1 January 2016. The full report is available on the website of Ministry of Finance, Government of India The Union Cabinet approves 7th Pay panel recommendations on 29 June 2016. The recommendations will be effected from 1 January 2016 with arrears to be paid in the financial year 2016-17 itself unlike previously, when arrears were paid in the following financial year. Also this time, employees will had to wait only 6 months for the CPC's recommendations to be implemented as compared to 19 months for the 5th CPC and 32 months for the 6th except for autonomous organizations like CSIR, ICAR, ICMR etc. under various ministries.

This is a document about 7th Central Pay Commission (CPC) and Defence Forces
  The 7th Central Pay Commission (7CPC), constituted in February 2014 the principles and structure of emoluments of all central government civilian employees including defence forces in India, submitted its report on 19 November 2015. 7CPC's recommendations affects the organization, rank structure, pay, allowances and pension, of 13,86,171 armed forces personnel. page 105, para 6.2.2[3] Following the submission of the 7CPC report, the Chiefs of Staff of the Armed Forces in a submission to the Government stated that the recommendations of 7th CPC are anomalous, discriminatory, and at variance with historical parities. The anomalies identified by the armed forces are about use of different principles, policy, and formula by the 7CPC for determining armed forces pay,

This is a document about One Rank, One Pension
  Indian Ex-Servicemen Movement, Hon Lt K Pande Member and Wing Commander CK Sharma, met Manohar Parrikar, Defence Minister, to urge him to ensure that the 'four deviations in the implementation order' on OROP are addressed. Mr Parrikar, according to media reports, assured the veteran delegation that their concerns will be addressed; and that the recommendations of seventh pay commission would be applicable to all ex-servicemen 3 August 2016 Maj. Gen. Satbir Singh (retd), Chairman of the Indian Ex-Servicemen Movement, on 3 August, wrote to Mr. Parrikar and Justice L. Narasimha Reddy, former Chief Justice of the Patna High Court, and head

This is a document about One Rank, One Pension
  ₹ 1500 crore earmarked in the budget. The letter recalls that in a meeting chaired by Mr. AK Antony, former Defence Minister on 26 Feb 2014, OROP definition was approved and OROP was to be implemented with effect from 1 Apr 2014. The letter reminds the PM that "It has been six months since the OROP was approved". 20 August 2014 Air Chief Marshal Arup Raha, Admiral Robin Dhowan and General Dalbir Singh Suhag, briefed A K Mathur, Justice (retd), the chairman 7th Central Pay Commission (CPC), on the pay and pension "anomalies" caused by the 6 CPC. 23 October 2014 Narendra Modi, on Diwali Day, during

This is a document about 7th Central Pay Commission (CPC) and Defence Forces
  3rd Pay Commission(1500 pages, April 1973), the mandate of all pay commissions has included all central government civilian employees, including defence forces. All pay commissions, including 3CPC, 4CPC, 5CPC, and 6CPC, have had no military member. Following the protest after the government decision to implement 6CPC, Manmohan Singh, in 2008, assured the armed forces that there will be a separate commission for the armed forces with appropriate armed forces participation. Eventually, there was no separate commission, or military representation, including in the secretariat, and among consultants hired by the 7CPC. Neither did any of the 7CPC member, consultants or secretariat staff, have any background or direct knowledge of its organizational culture or work.

This is a document about One Rank, One Pension
  not widen and lead to.. chaotic situation; [b] Pay- disparity be removed altogether; and [c] the "Committee of Secretaries" to examine the report of the 7th CPC, be reconstituted to "represent all different sections of stakeholders" so that it may function with "neutrality" 29 March Parrikar, tells India Today, that "The Seventh Pay Commission are in the form of recommendations. I do not think they (recommendations) will remain. I do not consider them as finalities. I have flagged them and will flag them properly at the right level". 3 April At Jantar Mantar, on 3 April, at a well attended gathering

This is a document about 7th Central Pay Commission (CPC) and Defence Forces
  instructions that "In future, pay revision of the armed forces should be de-linked from that of civilians and separate board or commission should be set up for pay revision of the armed forces."  India Today, cites a MOD letter leaked to it by a Joint Secretary in the MOD, titled 'Common VII Central Pay Commission' purportedly written by Air Chief Marshal NAK Browne, the Chairman Chief of Staff Committee (COSC), to AK Antony, Defence Minister. According to the 'letter' the government is in favour of a separate pay commission for the armed forces, but the armed forces would rather be

This is a document about Pay Commission
  The second pay commission was set up in August 1957, 10 years after independence and it gave its report after two years. The recommendations of the second pay commission had a financial impact of ₹ 39.6 crore. The chairman of the second pay commission was Jagannath Das. Raghuramiah Committee The Departmental Pay Committee, set up after the 2nd pay Commission, was called, the Raghuramiah Committee(1960), which had service representatives. It examined armed forces emoluments and made recommendations.

This is a document about Kalmanje Jagannatha Shetty
  Kalmanje Jagannatha Shetty (15 December 1926 – 7 April 2015) was a former judge of Supreme Court of India and retired Chief Justice of the Allahabad High Court who also served as acting chief justice of the Karnataka High Court. He was also the first Chairman of the National Pay Commission.

This is a document about Civil Services of India
 UPSC Union Public Service Commission, India ; 7th Pay Commission chief recommends 'One Rank, One Pension' for Govt employees by The Indian Express ; Prime Minister instructs DoPT for speedy empanelment of officers from all central services by The Times of India

This is a document about Pay Commission
  The notification for setting up the Fifth CPC was issued on 9 April 1994, but started functioning only on 2 May 1994, with the assumption of charge by the Member Secretary. The chairman of fifth pay commission was Justice S. Ratnavel Pandian. the members were: Suresh Tendulkar, Professor Delhi School of Economics; and M.K Kaw, IAS. In comparison, First CPC had nine members including military members, the second had six members including a military member, the 3 CPC and 4 CPC had five, but no military member. The fifth had three members, but no military member. The first had no member secretary, just a secretary. After the 1 CPC all pay commissions

This is a document about B. N. Srikrishna
  The Sixth central pay commission was set up by Union Cabinet of India on 5 October 2006.Justice Srikrishna to head 6th pay panel– Rediff.com Business The commission, was headed by Srikrishna.

This is a document about One Rank, One Pension
  breach of trust reposed in the system". The letter is in the wake of uncertainty caused by Arun Jaitley, Finance Minister, statement in Parliament that there was no "standardised definition" of OROP. 7 August 2016 General VP Malik, Former Chief of Army Staff, in a panel discussion on the 7th Pay Commission(7CPC) confirmed that 18 former heads of the Armed Forces, including himself, had written to Narendra Modi the Prime Minister, conveying their disquiet on the impact of the recommendations of the 7CPC on the Indian armed forces. Modi, Malik confirmed, ignored the letter by the 18 former heads of Armed

This is a document about 7th Central Pay Commission (CPC) and Defence Forces
  Empowered Committee of Secretaries" under chairmanship of cabinet secretary to process the recommendations of the 7th Central Pay Commission with "regard to all relevant factors, in an expeditious detailed and holistic fashion".  Finance Ministry issues instruction on the composition and work of the 7thCPC Empowered Committee. The 'Empowered Committee of Secretaries', has 13 members including the Cabinet Secretary, the chairperson. It is four times the size of the 7CPC, which had three members. Eight members are from the IAS, one from the Indian Police service, and one each from Department of Science and Technology, Railways, Audit and Account Service. The

Justice A.K. Mathur is the chairman of the 7th Pay Commission.


Question: the habanera and the toreador song are two famous arias from which opera

Answer: Carmen

This is a document about Habanera (aria)
  Habanera (music or dance of Havana, La Habana) is the popular name for "L'amour est un oiseau rebelle" ("Love Is a Rebellious Bird"), an aria from Georges Bizet's 1875 opéra comique Carmen. It is the entrance aria of the title character, a mezzo-soprano role, in scene 5 of the first act.

This is a document about Toreador Song
  The Toreador Song is the popular name for the aria "Votre toast, je peux vous le rendre" ("I toast you"), from the opera Carmen, composed by Georges Bizet to a libretto by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy. It is sung by the bullfighter (French: toréador) Escamillo as he enters in act 2 and describes various situations in the bullring, the cheering of the crowds and the fame that comes with victory. The refrain, "Toréador, en garde", forms the middle part of the of Carmen.

This is a document about Carmen (Stromae song)
  The song is an adaptation of the aria L'amour est un oiseau rebelle (Love is a rebellious bird - more commonly known in English as Habanera), from the opera Carmen by French composer Georges Bizet. The song addresses the theme of alienation through social networks.

This is a document about Carmen
  Carmen is an opera in four acts by French composer Georges Bizet. The libretto was written by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy, based on the novella of the same title by Prosper Mérimée. The opera was first performed by the Opéra-Comique in Paris on 3 March 1875, where its breaking of conventions shocked and scandalized its first audiences. Bizet died suddenly after the 33rd performance, unaware that the work would achieve international acclaim within the following ten years. Carmen has since become one of the most popular and frequently performed operas in the classical canon; the "Habanera" from act 1 and the "Toreador Song" from act 2 are among the best known of all operatic arias. The opera is written in the genre of opéra comique with musical numbers separated

This is a document about Sebastián Iradier
  Iradier was born in Lanciego, in the province of Álava. His publisher in Paris urged him to "universalize" his name, from Iradier to Yradier. He is known primarily for his habaneras, especially the one titled "La Paloma", written around 1860 after a visit to Cuba. "La Paloma" was extremely popular in both Spain and the Americas (especially Mexico), where it was responsible for the great popularity achieved by the habanera. Radio Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) has estimated that there are more than one thousand versions of "La Paloma", and said that, together with "Yesterday" by The Beatles, it is one of the most recorded songs in the history of music. Another of Iradier's compositions is "El Arreglito", a habanera used by Georges Bizet in his opera Carmen. Bizet, thinking it was a folk song, was inspired by the melody, and recomposed it as the aria "L'amour est un oiseau rebelle", also known as the "Habanera". When he discovered his mistake, Bizet added a note to the vocal score of the opera, acknowledging its source. Iradier died in obscurity in Vitoria-Gasteiz in 1865.

This is a document about Sangdugong Panaguinip
  "Sampaguita" ("Flor de Manila") was among the more popular songs used in the opera which was composed by Dolores Paterno. "Marca Hispanica", "Lupang Hinirang", and '"The Star-Spangled Banner", national anthems of the Spain, the Philippines, and the United States were also incorporated in the opera.

This is a document about Carmen
  inflicted by sexual passions and jealousy." Dean places Bizet's realism in a different category from the verismo of Puccini and others; he likens the composer to Mozart and Verdi in his ability to engage his audiences with the emotions and sufferings of his characters. Bizet, who had never visited Spain, sought out appropriate ethnic material to provide an authentic Spanish flavour to his music. Carmen's habanera is based on an idiomatic song, "El Arreglito", by the Spanish composer Sebastián Yradier (1809–65). Bizet had taken this to be a genuine folk melody; when he learned its recent origin he added a

This is a document about Habanera (aria)
  The score of the aria was adapted from the habanera "El Arreglito ou la Promesse de mariage", by the Spanish musician Sebastián Iradier, first published in 1863, which Bizet thought to be a folk song. When others told him he had used something written by a composer who had died 10 years earlier, he added a note of its derivation in the first edition of the vocal score which he himself prepared. Although the French libretto of the complete opéra comique was written by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy, the words of the habanera originated from Bizet. The Habanera was first performed by Galli-Marié at the Opéra-Comique on 3 March 1875. Bizet, having removed during rehearsals his first version of Carmen's entrance song, in with a refrain in, rewrote the Habanera several times before he (and Galli-Marié) were satisfied with it.

This is a document about History of music in Paris
 Le Temps des cerises (Music 1866, words 1871) ; Maria Callas sing the Habanera from the opera Carmen, by Georges Bizet ; Traditional Bal-Musette music ; Debussy playing Golliwog's Cakewalk ; Excerpt of Stravinsky's ballet Rites of Spring (1913)

This is a document about Songs of Emmanuel Chabrier
  are so original in their application that they had a profound effect of the musical development of Ravel. In his 'Esquisse autobiographique' of 1928, Ravel wrote "the Habanera [Ravel, 1895] embodies many of the elements which were to dominate my later compositions, and which through Chabrier's influence (as for instance in the "Chanson pour Jeanne") I have been able to crystallize". Ravel brought this song to his harmony classes under Pessard. Markings "dolce" and "espressivo" predominate. Bernac considers this as "another mélodie extremely rubato. The numerous changes in tempo, the dynamics and nuances are carefully indicated and should be observed".

This is a document about Giuseppe Danise
  Danise was released from military duty on a special conscription. He traveled to Chile and stayed in South America and Latin America during a short period that he referred to as his vagabondage. At this time the Metropolitan Opera's leading baritone, Pasquale Amato, was in decline. Danise received a letter from Giulio Gatti-Casazza, then the general manager of the company. Danise made his debut at Metropolitan Opera in the role of Amonasro in Aida. There he starred in the Met premiere of Giordano's Andrea Chénier, Catalani's Loreley, Lalo's Le roi d'Ys, and La Habanéra by Raoul Laparra. Over the next twelve

This is a document about The Cocoanuts
  musical solos – Harpo on the harp, and Chico at the piano. Still another sequence has Groucho, Mrs. Potter and Harvey Yates (the necklace thief) make formal speeches. Harpo repeatedly walks off, with a grimace on his face, to the punch bowl. (His staggering implies that the punch has been spiked with alcohol.) Another highlight is when the cast, already dressed in traditional Spanish garb for a theme party, erupts into an operatic treatment about Hennessy's lost shirt to music from Bizet's Carmen (specifically, Habanera and the Toreador Song). An earlier scene shows Harpo and Chico abusing a cash register while whistling the Anvil Chorus

This is a document about Musical quotation
  words "Du bist mein eigen, mein eigen" (Thou art mine own, mine own). ; Georges Bizet used a song "El Arreglito" by Sebastián Iradier as the basis for the "Habanera" (L'amour est un oiseau rebelle) in his opera Carmen, believing it to be an anonymous folk song. When he discovered its true author, who had died only ten years earlier, he made an acknowledgment in the vocal score. ; Johannes Brahms quotes Gaudeamus igitur and other popular university songs in his Academic Festival Overture. ; Benjamin Britten quoted many other works (e.g., Wagner's "Tristan chord") in his opera Albert Herring

This is a document about Le toréador
  Le toréador, ou L'accord parfait (The Toreador, or The Perfect Agreement) is an opéra comique in two acts by the French composer Adolphe Adam with a libretto by Thomas-Marie-François Sauvage. It was first performed at the Opéra-Comique, Paris on 18 May 1849. It was a huge success and the work regularly appeared in the repertoire of the Opéra-Comique until 1869. Adam made use of several familiar pieces of music in the score. The most famous number is a series of variations on "Ah! vous dirai-je, maman" (better known as the melody of "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" in the English-speaking world). The opera also quotes the aria "Tandis que tout sommeille" from Grétry's L'amant jaloux and "Je brûlerai d'une flamme éternelle" from the same composer's Le tableau parlant as well as popular folk tunes, including the Spanish fandango, cachucha and follia. In spite of this, there is little attempt to give the score local colour. The opera was originally intended to be a single act but was split in two to allow the soprano time to recover her breath in a taxing role.

This is a document about Aria Tesolin
  As a child singer, Tesolin began singing opera arias in concert with Canada's 3 Tenors at the age of eight, singing the "Habanera" from Bizet's opera Carmen, the brindisi "Libiamo ne' lieti calici" from Verdis's opera La traviata, "Belle nuit" from Offenbach's The Tales of Hoffmann, "Largo al factotum", the famous baritone aria from Rossini's The Barber of Seville and "O mio babbino caro" from Puccini's Gianni Schicchi, and "Nessun dorma" from Puccini's Turandot. Tesolin's first live concert performance on August 3, 2002, was featured on Citytv News. Many members of the astonished audience were seen on camera with mouths visibly agape with surprise. At the age of 12, Tesolin recorded and released her debut opera album Baby Soprano, featuring 14 popular opera arias. Nine tracks from Baby Soprano, "Habanera", "Libiamo",

This is a document about Manolo Álvarez Mera
  Cardillo, Riccardo Cordiferro (it)

"La donna è mobile" ("Women Are Flighty"), by Verdi

"Estrellita" ("Little Star"), by Manuel Ponce

"Esclavo libre" ("Free Slave"), by Ernesto Lecuona

"La Bayamesa" ("Women of Bayamo, Cuba"), by Sindo Garay On YouTube

"Corazon" ("Heart"), by Eduardo Sánchez de Fuentes

"Habanera Tú" ("You Dance" the Habanera), by Eduardo Sánchez de Fuentes (1st on YouTube, 2nd)

"María la O" (es), lyrics by Gustavo Sánchez Galarraga (1893–1934), music by Ernesto Lecuona

"La Bayamesa" ("Women of Bayamo, Cuba"), by Sindo Garay (of 15 tracks)

"La Bayamesa" ("Women of Bayamo, Cuba"), by Sindo Garay (of 15 tracks)

"Elena," by Roberto García Masvidal (of 12 tracks)

"Yo Soy Tú Fracaso" ("I'm Your Failure"), by Roberto García Masvidal (of 12 tracks)

This is a document about Alexa Weber Morales
 1) "Habanera" by Georges Bizet ; 2) "Ave Rara" by Edu Lobo and Aldir Blanc ; 3) "Calling You" by Bob Telson ; 4) "El Cantante" by Ruben Blades ; 5) "Agua de Beber/Aguas de Marco" by Antonio Carlos Jobim and Vinicius de Moraes ; 6) "Her Ways Wander" by Alexa Weber Morales, Vince Mansel and Wayne Wallace ; 7) "The Goddess of War" by Alexa Weber Morales ; 8) "Así Es El Amor" by Alexa Weber Morales ; 9) "Angelitos Negros" by Andrés Eloy Blanco and Manuel Alvarez Maciste ; 10) "Tu Amor" by Alexa Weber Morales ; 11) "You Cry, I Dry Your Tears" by Alexa Weber Morales

This is a document about Giovanni Meoni
 Giuseppe Verdi ; Macbeth (Macbeth) ; Nabucco (Nabucco) ; Rigoletto (Rigoletto) ; Simon Boccanegra (Simone) ; Il trovatore (Conte di Luna) ; Attila (Ezio) ; La forza del destino (Don Carlo) ; Don Carlos (Rodrigo) ; Otello (Iago) ; Un ballo in maschera (Renato) ; I due Foscari (Francesco) ; Ernani (Carlo V) ; I vespri siciliani (Monforte) ; I masnadieri (Francesco) ; Luisa Miller (Miller) ; La traviata (Giorgio Germont) ; Aida (Amonasro) ; Gaetano Donizetti ; La Favorite (Alphonse) ; Lucia di Lammermoor (Enrico) ; Poliuto (Severo) ; Roberto Devereux (Nottingham) ; Maria di Rohan (Chevreuse) ; Messa di requiem ; Vincenzo Bellini ; I puritani (Riccardo) ; Giacomo Puccini ; Tosca (Scarpia) ; il Tabarro (Michele) ; Madama Butterfly (Sharpless) ; Charles Gounod ; Faust (Valentino) ; Pietro Mascagni ; Cavalleria rusticana (Alfio) ; Gioachino Rossini ; Guglielmo Tell (Guglielmo Tell)

This is a document about Carmen Suites (Bizet/Guiraud)
 Marche des Contrebandiers – Act 3, chorus: "Écoute, écoute, compagnon!" ; Habanera: Act 1, aria (Carmen) – "L'amour est un oiseau rebelle" Nocturne: Act 3, aria (Micaëla) – "Je dis que rien ne m'épouvante" ; Chanson du Toréador – Act 2, introduction and aria (Escamillo): "Votre toast, je peux vous le rendre" ; La Garde Montante – Act 1: "Avec la garde montante, nous arrivons, nous voilà!" ; Danse Bohème – Act 2, Gypsy Dance: "Les tringles des sistres tintaient"   Suite No. 2 is longer than the first suite. It was published in 1887.

This is a document about Tresillo (rhythm)
  Because of the popularity of the Cuban contradanza (habanera), the tresillo variant known as the habanera rhythm was adopted into European art music. For example, Georges Bizet's opera Carmen (1874) has a famous aria, "L'amour est un oiseau rebelle" based on a habanera pattern. The first seven measures are shown below.  In addition, Louis Moreau Gottschalk's first symphony, La nuit des tropiques (lit. "Night of the Tropics") (1860) was influenced by the composer's studies in Cuba. Gottschalk uses the tresillo variant cinquillo extensively. With Gottschalk, we see the beginning of serious treatment of Afro-Caribbean rhythmic elements in New World art music. Tresillo and the habanera rhythm are heard in the left hand of Gottschalk's salon piano compositions such as Souvenir de la Havane ("Souvenirs From Havana") (1859).

Carmen, an opera by Georges Bizet, is the source of both the "Habanera" (L'amour est un oiseau rebelle) and the "Toreador Song" (Votre toast, je peux vous rendre).


Question: what area of london is the tower of london in

Answer: central London

This is a document about Tower of London
  The Tower of London, officially Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic  castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, which is separated from the eastern edge of the square mile of the City of London by the open space known as Tower Hill. It was founded towards the end of 1066 as part of the Norman Conquest. The White Tower, which gives the entire castle its name, was built by William the Conqueror in 1078 and was a resented symbol of oppression, inflicted upon London by

This is a document about London Borough of Tower Hamlets
  The London Borough of Tower Hamlets is a London borough covering much of the traditional East End. It was formed in 1965 from the merger of the former metropolitan boroughs of Stepney, Poplar, and Bethnal Green. The new authority's historical name refers to an alternative title for the Tower Division; the area of south-east Middlesex, focused on (but not limited to) the area of the modern borough, which owed military service to the Tower of London. The borough lies adjacent to the east side of the City of London and on the north bank of the River Thames. It includes much of the redeveloped Docklands region of London, including West India Docks and Canary Wharf. Many of the tallest buildings in London occupy the centre of the Isle of Dogs in the south of the borough. A part of the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park

This is a document about East End of London
  End as a distinct entity, rather than a collection of parishes, when he describes London as consisting of four parts: the City of London, Westminster, Southwark, and "That Part beyond the Tower". The relevance of Strype's reference to the Tower was more than geographical. The East End (including the Tower and its Liberties) was the urbanised part of an administrative area called the Tower Division, which had owed military service to the Constable of the Tower (in his ex-officio role as Lord Lieutenant of the Tower Hamlets) for time immemorial, having its roots in the Bishop of London's historic Manor of Stepney. This

This is a document about East End of London
  first known written record of the East End as a distinct entity, as opposed to its component parts, comes from John Strype's 1720 Survey of London, which describes London as consisting of four parts: the City of London, Westminster, Southwark, and "That Part beyond the Tower". The relevance of Strype's reference to the Tower was more than geographical. The East End was the urbanised part of an administrative area called the Tower Division, which had owed military service to the Tower of London since time immemorial. Later, as London grew further, the fully urbanised Tower Division became a byword for wider East London, before East London grew further still, east of the River Lea and into Essex. The area was notorious for its deep poverty, overcrowding and associated social problems.

This is a document about East London
  parts, comes from John Strype's 1720 'Survey of London', where he describes London as consisting of four parts: the City of London, Westminster, Southwark, and That Part beyond the Tower. The relevance of Strype's reference to the Tower was more than geographical. The East End was the urbanised part of an area called the Tower Division, which had owed military service to the Tower of London since time immemorial. Later, as London grew further, the fully urbanised Tower Division became a byword for wider East London, before East London grew further still, east of the Lea and into Essex. The westernmost component of the Tower Division was the ancient parish of Shoreditch, which would become fully

This is a document about Tower (ward)
  Tower is one of the 25 wards of the City of London and takes its name from its proximity to the Tower of London. The ward covers the area of the City that is closest to the Tower.

This is a document about List of districts in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets
  A list of the Districts of London located within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. The borough is located east of the City of London and north of the River Thames.

This is a document about Liberties of the Tower of London
  The Liberties of the Tower, or the Tower Liberty is a small neighbourhood in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, East London, which includes both Tower Hill and the Tower of London. The area was defined sometime after 1200 to provide an open area around the Tower to ensure its defensibility. The Liberty was an independent administrative unit from then until 1900, when it joined the former Metropolitan Borough of Stepney. The district maintains a ceremonial existence, with its custom of beating the bounds being a particularly well known example of the tradition.

This is a document about London Borough of Tower Hamlets
   Tower Hamlets is located north of the River Thames in East London. Water features form the boundary on two sides; the River Lea to the east and the River Thames, whose influence has done so much to shape the history of the borough, to the south. The borough's Thames frontage extends from what remains of the Tower Dock inlet (mostly infilled in the 1950s), immediately west of the Tower of London, through several miles of former docklands, including the Isle of Dogs peninsula, to the confluence of the Thames and Lea at Blackwall. The City of London lies to the west, the London Borough of Hackney to the north, while the River Lea forms the boundary with the London Borough of Newham in the east. The River Lea also forms the boundary between those parts

This is a document about Tower Hill
   Tower Hill is infamous for the public execution of high status prisoners from the late 14th to the mid 18th century. The execution site on the higher ground north-west of the Tower of London moat is now occupied by Trinity Square Gardens. Tower Hill also covers a wider area surrounding the Tower of London in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, rising from the north bank of the River Thames to reach a maximum height of 14.5 metres (48 ft) Ordnance Datum. The land was historically part of the Liberties of the Tower of London, an area the Tower authorities controlled to keep clear of any development which would reduce the defensibility of the Tower. Building has encroached to a degree, but a legacy of this control is that much of the hill is still open. The hill includes land on either side of the London Wall, a large remnant of which is visible.

This is a document about Tower division
  The Tower Division was a liberty in the ancient county of Middlesex, England. It was also known as the Tower Hamlets, and took its name from the military obligations owed to the Constable of the Tower of London. The term ‘Hamlets’ probably referred to territorial sub-divisions of the parish of Stepney – and its daughter parishes – rather than to the usual meaning of a small village. In contemporary terms, the Liberty covered inner East London, the area now administered by the eponymous modern London Borough of Tower Hamlets together with most of the modern London Borough of Hackney (Shoreditch and Hackney proper). The Liberty was seen as synonymous with East London until East London extended further, east of the Lea and into Essex. The Tower Division was formed sometime in the 17th century but the much older administrative units comprising the area were united in shared military obligations long before this time. The Liberty had judicial and some local government responsibilities, and its military function was unique.

This is a document about East End of London
  itself. Apart from parts of Shoreditch, the rest of the area was part of the Bishop of London's Manor of Stepney. The Manor's lands were the basis of a later unit called the Tower Division, or Tower Hamlets which extended as far north as Stamford Hill. It is thought that the manor was held by the Bishop of London, in compensation for his duties in maintaining and garrisoning the Tower of London. The oldest recorded reference to this obligation is from 1554, but it is thought to pre-date that by centuries. These landholdings would become the basis of the Ancient Parishes and City Wards which,

This is a document about Middlesex
  The Tower division, better known as the Tower Hamlets, was an area in the Southeast of the county covering what is now the London Borough of Tower Hamlets as well as most of what is now the London Borough of Hackney. The area was unusual in combining Hundred and many County responsibilities, to form a "county within a county" comparable to one of the Ridings of Yorkshire. Of particular note was its military autonomy: it had its own Lord-Lieutenant of the Tower Hamlets and was thus independent of the Lord Lieutenant of Middlesex.

This is a document about East London
  The etymology of London is uncertain, but is known to be an ancient name. The concept of East London as a distinct area is a relatively recent innovation. John Strype's map of 1720 describes London as consisting of four parts: The City of London, Westminster, Southwark and "That Part Beyond the Tower". From the late 19th century the term East End of London was used to describe areas immediately adjacent to the City in the Tower division of Middlesex. Charles Booth in 1889 defined East London as the County of London between the City and the River Lea. In 1902 he now considered this area to be the "true East End", and his attention had been drawn eastward over the Lea into the Borough of West Ham, which was then outside London, and geographically in Essex, but under the authority

This is a document about Temple, London
  The Temple is an area of London surrounding Temple Church. It is one of the main legal districts in London and a notable centre for English law, historically and in the present day. It consists of the Inner Temple and the Middle Temple, which are two of the four Inns of Court and act as local authorities in place of the City of London Corporation as to almost all structures and functions. The Royal Courts of Justice are just to the north and Temple tube station borders to the southwest in the City of Westminster. The associated area is roughly bounded by the River Thames (the Victoria Embankment) to the south, Surrey Street to the west, the Strand and Fleet Street to the north and Carmelite Street and Whitefriars Street to the east. The intervening Essex Street, two streets east of Surrey Street is the traditional western boundary, beyond which are affluent office/hotel and residential blocks, spread over large three street blocks which are closest to the station.

This is a document about Whitechapel
  Whitechapel is a district in East London and the future administrative centre of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is a part of the East End of London, 3.4 mi east of Charing Cross. It was part of the ancient parish of Stepney, Middlesex. It was split off as a separate parish in the 14th century. It became part of the County of London in 1889 and Greater London in 1965. Because the area is close to the London Docklands and east of the City of London, it has been a popular place for immigrants and the working class. The area was the centre of the London Jewish community in the 19th and early 20th century, and the location of the infamous 11 Whitechapel murders (1888–91), some of which were attributed to the mysterious serial killer known as Jack the Ripper. In the latter half of the 20th century, Whitechapel became a significant settlement for the British Bangladeshi community, and has the Royal London Hospital and East London Mosque.

This is a document about Tower division
 The parish of St Mary, Whitechapel ; The parish of Christchurch, Spitalfields ; The parish of St Leonard, Shoreditch ; The liberty of Norton Folgate ; The parish of St John, Hackney ; The parish of St Matthew, Bethnal Green ; The hamlet of Mile End Old Town ; The hamlet of Mile End New Town ; The parish of St Mary, Stratford Bow ; The parish of Bromley St Leonard ; The parish of All Saints, Poplar ; The parish of St Anne, Limehouse ; The hamlet of Ratcliff ; The parish of St Paul, Shadwell ; The parish of St John, Wapping ; The liberty of East Smithfield ; The precinct of St Catherine ; The liberty of His Majesty's Tower of London consisting of: ; The precinct of Tower Within ; The precinct of Old Tower Without ; The liberty of Old Artillery Ground ; The parish of Minories Holy Trinity ; The precinct of Wellclose Various historical sources list different components of the division, but its overall area remained the same. In 1829 the Tower Division contained the following "parishes, townships, precincts and places":

This is a document about Bromley-by-Bow
  Bromley-by-Bow is a part of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets and takes in parts of the E3 (in the north) and E14 (in the south) postal districts. To the north is Bow, with the historic boundary running along Bow Road, or near the River Lea, slightly to the south of the Road – with Bow's parish church just south of the road, close to the Lea, a part of Bow. Stratford, West Ham and Canning Town are eastward, across the Lea, which is the boundary between the London Boroughs of Tower Hamlets and Newham. The historic Three Mills site lies just over the border in Newham. Mile End is located to the west of a historic boundary which runs

This is a document about Tower Hill
  Generally speaking, the name Tower Hill informally applies to those parts of the Tower Liberty that are outside the Tower of London and its moat. Great Tower Hill is the land lying inside (or west) of the line of the London Wall whereas Little Tower Hill is the land outside (or east) of the wall.

This is a document about Crystal Palace, London
  Crystal Palace is an area in south London, England, named after the Crystal Palace Exhibition building, which stood in the area from 1854 until it was destroyed by fire in 1936. Approximately 7 miles south-east of Charing Cross, it includes one of the highest points in London, at 367 ft, offering views over the capital. The area has no defined boundaries and straddles five London boroughs and three postal districts, although there is a Crystal Palace electoral ward and Crystal Palace Park in the London Borough of Bromley. It forms a part of the greater area known as Upper Norwood, and is contiguous with the areas of Anerley, Dulwich Wood, Gipsy Hill, Penge,

The Tower of London is located in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, which is in the north-east part of Central London. It is situated on the north bank of the River Thames.


Question: where is the national ffa convention held each year

Answer: Indianapolis

This is a document about National FFA Organization
  age 12, allowing members to become active earlier and stay active longer. Each chapter is chartered as part of the state association and national organization. Collegiate chapters exist as well. Most states hold FFA conventions at least once annually, where members gather to compete, be recognized for awards, attend leadership workshops, debate organizational issues in a delegate process, and more. Nationally, the National FFA Convention & Expo is held once a year in the fall. It was held in Kansas City, Missouri, from 1928 to 1998. The convention moved to Louisville, Kentucky, in 1999 before moving again in 2006 to Indianapolis, Indiana. Louisville again hosted the national convention from 2013 to 2015. FFA announced in July 2015 that the national convention would be hosted in Indianapolis each year from 2016 to 2024.

This is a document about The Kentucky FFA Association
  There are few events put on at the state level each year by the Kentucky FFA Association. These include the Annual Kentucky FFA State Convention (held at Rupp Arena each June in Lexington, Kentucky), Kentucky FFA Camp (which runs five weeks out of the summer and is held at the Kentucky FFA Leadership Training Center in Hardinsburg, Kentucky), The Rising Sun Conference (held in July at the Kentucky FFA Leadership Training Center in Hardinsburg, Kentucky), and the Blue and Gold Gala (held in various locations across Kentucky). The Annual Kentucky FFA State Convention is where students who have won competitions on the regional level come to compete at the state level. It is also where the State FFA Degree is awarded to members and where the State Stars in Agriculture are named.

This is a document about Millennium High School (Arizona)
  The Millennium FFA Chapter is an Estrella District chapter within the Arizona Association FFA under the National FFA Organization. Before the establishment of the Millennium FFA chapter, it was known as the Agua Fria FFA chapter before moving the program to Millennium High School in 1999. In 2008 Millennium's Parliamentary Procedure team won the national championship in Indianapolis, Indiana at the National FFA Convention, making them the top-ranked team in the nation for that year. In 2012, Millennium took six Career Development Event teams to the national convention, the most ever by a single chapter in the history of the Arizona FFA: Parliamentary Procedure; Conduct of Meetings; Forestry Management; Agricultural Issues; Dairy Evaluation and Management; and Livestock Evaluation and Management. Each of the six teams received either a bronze or silver placing. In 2013, Millennium returned to the National FFA Convention in Louisville, Kentucky, bringing two teams; Parliamentary Procedure and Agricultural Issues. Parliamentary Procedure earned a gold, placing as runner-up, and Agricultural Issues earned a silver medal, ranking them fifth in the nation. The chapter has produced multiple Arizona FFA state officers and candidates.

This is a document about Gull Wing Group International
  There have been 51 annual Conventions. The 2019 annual convention was held in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin. The 2018 convention was held in Pasadena, California and past conventions were held in Santa Fe, New Mexico; Jackson Hole, Wyoming; Saratoga Springs, New York; Dearborn, Michigan; Las Vegas, Nevada; Newport, Rhode Island; Nashville, Tennessee; Victoria. British Columbia; Sun Valley, IDaho; Flagstaff, Arizona; Palm Springs, CAlifornia; Montvale, New Jersey; New Orleans, Louisiana; Homestead, Virginia and many other locations.

This is a document about Young Democrats of America
 2021: Cincinnati, OH ; 2019: Indianapolis, IN ; 2017: Dallas, TX ; 2015: Los Angeles, CA ; 2013: San Antonio, TX ; 2011: Louisville, KY ; 2009: Chicago, IL ; 2007: Dallas, TX ; 2005: San Francisco, CA ; 2003: Buffalo, NY ; 2001: Tucson, AZ ; 1999: Little Rock, AR ; 1997: Miami, FL ; 1995: New Orleans, LA ; 1993: Merrillville, IN ; 1991: St Louis, MO ; 1989: Columbus, OH ; 1987: Phoenix, AZ ; 1985: Miami, FL ; 1983: Charleston, WV ; 1981: Philadelphia, PA Past YDA National Conventions were held in the below venues:

This is a document about National FFA Organization
  National FFA Organization is an American 501(c)(3) youth organization, specifically a career and technical student organization, based on middle and high school classes that promote and support agricultural education. It was founded in 1925 at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, by agriculture teachers Henry C. Groseclose, Walter Newman, Edmund Magill, and Harry Sanders as Future Farmers of Virginia. In 1928, it became a nationwide organization known as Future Farmers of America. In 1988 the name was changed to the National FFA Organization, now commonly referred to as FFA, to recognize that the organization is for students with diverse interests in the food, fiber, and natural resource industries, encompassing science, business, and technology in addition to production agriculture. Today FFA is among the largest youth organizations in the United States, with 669,989 members in 8,630 chapters throughout all 50 states, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. FFA is the largest of the career and technical student organizations in U.S. schools. The organization holds a congressional charter under Title 36 of the United States Code.

This is a document about Association of Latino Professionals in Finance and Accounting
  2018, ALPFA's Convention took place in Las Vegas, Nevada. They had over 2,601 attendees, 75 workshops, 50 recruiting companies, and 43 scholarships were awarded. The National Chapter of the Year was awarded to the ALPFA Florida International University Chapter. The Regional Chapter of the Year awards were awarded to the following university chapters in the corresponding regions. Midwest Region: University of Illinois at Chicago, Northwest Region: University of Idaho, Northeast Region: Queens College - Cuny, Southeast Region: Florida International University, Central Region: University of Texas at Austin, West Region: San Francisco State University. The 2019 ALPFA Convention will take place in August 2019, in Nashville, TN.

This is a document about The Kentucky FFA Association
  The Kentucky FFA Association was founded on April 16, 1930 at The Brown Hotel in Louisville, Kentucky. In 1937, the Kentucky FFA Leadership Training Center was founded in Hardinsburg, Kentucky; where the Kentucky FFA Association archives are located and it still remains the location of Kentucky FFA Camp today. In 1957, Howard Downing (of Jessamine County) became the first National FFA President from Kentucky. Kenneth Kennedy (of Trigg County) became the next National FFA president from Kentucky in 1964. In 1977, 12 years after the New Farmers of America and the Future Farmers of America merged to create one organization, The

This is a document about National Federation of the Blind
  early in July. As of 2005, it is estimated that between 2,000 and 3,000 people attend these conventions. In 2002, 2003 and 2005 the convention was held at the Galt House Hotel in Louisville, Kentucky, but it is unusual for the conventions to be held so often in a particular city. The 2006 convention was held in Dallas, Texas, and the 2007 convention was held in Atlanta, Georgia. At the 2007 convention, on the morning of July 3, over 1000 NFB members marched two miles from the Marriott Marquis Hotel to the Olympic Park in what was known as the March for Independence.

This is a document about National Association of Teachers of Singing
 Cal-Western Region ; Central Region ; Eastern Region ; Great Lakes Region ; Intermountain Region ; Mid-Atlantic Region ; Mid-South Region ; New England Region ; North Central Region ; Northwestern Region ; Southeastern Region ; Southern Region ; Texoma Region ; West Central Region 2016, Chicago, Illinois ; 2014, Boston, Massachusetts ; 2012, Orlando, Florida ; 2010, Salt Lake City, Utah ; 2008, Nashville, Tennessee ; 2006, Minneapolis, Minnesota ; 2004, New Orleans, Louisiana ; 2002, San Diego, California The association has a national office in Jacksonville, Florida, and is governed by a national Board of Directors. Members belong to one of 14 national Regions, depending upon which state they reside in: A Regional Governor serves as the head of each national region. Individual states and localities also have independent chapters, with State Governors and chapter presidents leading them. Members are invited to attend a National Conference (convention) every two years, sponsored by a different city and Region each time. Recent conventions include:

This is a document about National Association of Health Underwriters
  NAHU sponsors two industry meetings every year. Capitol Conference is held every year in Washington, DC, while the Annual Convention and Exhibition is held in a different U.S. city each year.

This is a document about Friends General Conference
  From 1900 until 1963 FGC's annual conference was held as a biennial conference, generally in a different location each time. Between 1900 and 1922 its location changed for each Conference. The Conference was not held in 1918.

This is a document about Society of American Foresters
  State societies of SAF hold annual or semi-annual meetings to advance networking among members, review recent scientific findings, conduct continuing forestry education, and plan local outreach activities. Each year, SAF also holds a national convention—open to both non-members and members. Each convention has a specific theme, plenary sessions, and a wide variety of concurrent technical sessions, each a cluster of scientific papers focused on a specific topic. The concurrent sessions span the breadth and diversity of the ecological, economic, and social sciences related to forests. The location of the national convention rotates around the United States to make it easier for SAF members from different parts of the country to attend. Proceedings are published in a subsequent issue of the Journal of Forestry. For example, proceedings from the October 3–7, 2018 convention in Portland, OR were published in the January 2019 issue.

This is a document about Agricultural education
  members become more well rounded citizens in the agricultural field. The FFA is an integral part of the program of agricultural education in many high schools as a result of Public Law 740 in 1950 (Currently revised as Public Law 105-225 of the 105th Congress of the United States), with 649,355 FFA members (2016-2017). Local chapters participate in Career Development Events (individually and as a team), each student has a Supervised Agricultural Experience program (SAE), and participates in many conferences and conventions to develop leadership, citizenship, patriotism and excellence in agriculture. The National FFA Organization is structured from the local chapter up, including local districts, areas, regions, state associations, and the national level. The FFA Mission is to make a positive difference in the lives of students by developing their potential for premier leadership, personal growth, and career success through agricultural education.

This is a document about FenCon
  FenCon I through FenCon III were held at the Holiday Inn Select North Dallas, in Farmers Branch, Texas, just north of the Dallas city limits. As the membership increased and the programming expanded each year, more and more of the hotel's function space was used. By the end of FenCon III it was clear to the organizers that for the event to continue to grow the convention would have to relocate. FenCon IV through FenCon XI were held at the Crowne Plaza North Dallas in the northern Dallas suburb of Addison, Texas. Starting with FenCon XII, the convention will be held at the Westin Dallas/Fort Worth Airport Hotel in Irving, Texas.

This is a document about National Bible Bee
  It was announced in the spring of 2015 that the National competitions of 2015, 2016, and 2017 would be held at the J.W. Marriott San Antonio Hill Country Resort & Spa in San Antonio, TX. The 2018 National Competition was held at Oak Hills Church in San Antonio, December 3–7. The 2019 National Competition was held at the Northern Kentucky Convention Center, in Covington, Kentucky, November 18–21. The final rounds were held at the Ark Encounter Answer Center. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the preliminary rounds of NBBC were online, and the Semi-Finals and Finals were held again in San Antonio, Texas on November 8-10, 2020.

This is a document about Parli Pro
  As of October 29th, 2021 the current winners of the National FFA Parliamentary Procedure Leadership Development Event are: First Place: Galt Liberty Ranch FFA (California) Second Place: Imperial FFA (Nebraska) Third Place: Felicity-Franklin FFA (Ohio) Fourth Place: Troy FFA (Missouri)

This is a document about North American Family Campers Association
  at Otter River State Forest (held twice annually in April and October, birthplace of NAFCA), the NAFCA Spring Safari (which is held in May), and a week-long campout called the NAFCAree (usually in July) States of NAFCA hold their own gatherings as well which invite the NAFCA public to attend and support each others. Each state holds its own fundraiser, which is called a Fall Frolic. At this event chapters can purchase a low-cost booth in which to sell something to the membership for a chapter fundraiser. Chapters also plan their own events and campouts during the year. Everything in NAFCA is

This is a document about Friends General Conference
  Beginning in 1963, FGC hosted an annual conference and once again changed locations more frequently. In the late 1970s in "order to make room for emphasis on the other important work of Friends General Conference, the annual conference began to be called the Gathering". Although it was most often held in the Eastern United States, the Gathering has been hosted by college campuses in Stillwater, Oklahoma (1993), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (1995), Parkland, Washington (2006), and Greeley, Colorado (2013).

This is a document about National Council for Geographic Education
  NCGE holds an annual conference every summer, called the National Conference on Geography Education. This annual event offers hands-on workshops in new teaching methods, technologies, resources, as well as research papers, networking opportunities, field trips and more. Conference field trips include local and regional places of geographic and historical significance. An exhibit hall is staffed by government, industry, nonprofit, and academic organizations and offers the latest in books, journals, projects, curriculum, software, hardware, and more to support geography teaching. Each conference is highlighted by an annual keynote address. Past keynote speakers have included: From 1915 to the late 1970s the NCGE conference was held in a few select US cities. In 1979 the conference began rotating its location to a new North American city each year. Since 1979 the NCGE conference has been held in the following locations: Mexico City,

The National FFA Convention & Expo is held each year in Indianapolis, Indiana.


Question: when was the first mobile cell phone invented

Answer: 1908

This is a document about Timeline of United States inventions (1946–1991)
  car phone in St. Louis, Missouri on June 17, 1946, but the system was impractical from what is considered a portable handset today. The equipment weighed 80 lbs, and the AT&T service, basically a massive party line, cost $30 per month plus 30 to 40 cents per local call. The basic network and supporting infrastructure of hexagonal cells used to support a mobile telephony system while remaining on the same channel were devised by Douglas H. Ring and W. Rae Young at AT&T Bell Labs in 1947. Finally in 1973, Martin Cooper invented the first handheld cellular/mobile phone. His first

This is a document about September 1975
 U.S. Patent No. 3,906,166 was granted to Martin Cooper and others on his team at Motorola, for the first hand-held cell phone, after it had been applied for on October 17, 1973. Cooper's team worked at reducing the original 28 pound Motorola portable device to the first hand-held mobile phone, the DynaTAC, which weighed less than three pounds, and made the world's first cell phone call on April 3, 1973. ; Papua New Guinea gained its independence from Australia. ; John A. Durkin won a second election against Louis C. Wyman for one of New Hampshire's two U.S. Senate seats, filling a vacancy that had existed since January when neither candidate was seated after the

This is a document about Mobile advertising
  Martin Cooper invented a portable handset in 1973, when he was a project manager at Motorola. It was almost three decades after the idea of cellular communications was introduced by Bell Laboratories. Two decades later, cellular phones made a commercial debut in the mass market in the early 1990s. In the early days of cellular handsets, phone functionality was limited to dialing, and voice input/output. When the second generation of mobile telecoms (so-called 2G) was introduced in Finland by Radiolinja (now Elisa) on the GSM standard (now the world's most common mobile technology with over 2 billion users) in 1991, the digital technology introduced data services. SMS text messaging was the first such service. The first person-to-person SMS text message was

This is a document about History of mobile phones
  Prior to 1973, mobile telephony was limited to phones installed in cars and other vehicles. Motorola was the first company to produce a handheld mobile phone. On April 3, 1973, Martin Cooper, a Motorola researcher and executive, made the first mobile telephone call from handheld subscriber equipment, placing a call to Dr. Joel S. Engel of Bell Labs, his rival. The prototype handheld phone used by Dr. Cooper weighed 2 kg and measured 23 by. The prototype offered a talk time of just 30 minutes and took 10 hours to re-charge. John F. Mitchell,  Motorola's chief of portable communication products and Cooper's boss in 1973, played a key role in advancing the development of handheld mobile telephone equipment. Mitchell successfully pushed Motorola to develop wireless communication products that would be small enough to use anywhere and participated in the design of the cellular phone.

This is a document about Motorola DynaTAC
  The first cellular phone was the culmination of efforts begun at Bell Labs, which first proposed the idea of a cellular system in 1947, and continued to petition the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for channels through the 1950s and 1960s, and research conducted at Motorola. In 1960, electrical engineer John F. Mitchell  became Motorola's chief engineer for its mobile communication products. Mitchell oversaw the development and marketing of the first pager to use transistors. Motorola had long produced mobile telephones for cars that were large and heavy and consumed too much power to allow their use without the automobile's engine running. Mitchell's team, which included Martin

This is a document about Digital media
  Motorola named Martin Cooper was the first person to make a phone call on April 3, 1973. He decided the first phone call should be to a rival telecommunications company saying "I'm speaking via a mobile phone". However the first commercial mobile phone was released in 1983 by Motorola. In the early 1990s Nokia came into succession, with their Nokia 1011 being the first mass-produced mobile phone. The Nokia Communicator 9000 became the first smartphone as it was inputed with an Intel 24 MHz CPU and had 8 MB of RAM. Smartphone users have increased by a lot over the years

This is a document about History of communication
 1947 – Douglas H. Ring and W. Rae Young of Bell Labs propose a cell-based approach which led to "cellular phones." ; 1965 – Chandros Rypinski, Jr. patents the first multiple channel radio telephone system which was licensed to Bell Labs (patent no. US3173996A). ; 1981 – Comvik introduces the world's first automatic mobile phone service followed a week later by Nordic Mobile Telephone ; 1991 – GSM is put into operation ; 1992 – Neil Papworth sends the first SMS (or text message), on the Vodafone network. ; 1999 – 45% of Australians have a mobile phone. ; 2014 – The number of mobile connections surpasses the global population.

This is a document about Mobile phone
  were not cellular, supported few simultaneous calls, and were very expensive. The development of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) large-scale integration (LSI) technology, information theory and cellular networking led to the development of affordable mobile communications, and devices such as the car phone. The first handheld cellular mobile phone was demonstrated by John F. Mitchell and Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973, using a handset weighing 2 kg. The first commercial automated cellular network (1G) analog was launched in Japan by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone in 1979. This was followed in 1981 by the simultaneous launch of the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) system in Denmark, Finland,

This is a document about Advanced Mobile Phone System
  The first cellular network efforts began at Bell Labs and with research conducted at Motorola. In 1960, John F. Mitchell became Motorola's chief engineer for its mobile-communication products, and oversaw the development and marketing of the first pager to use transistors. Motorola had long produced mobile telephones for automobiles, but these large and heavy models consumed too much power to allow their use without the automobile's engine running. Mitchell's team, which included the gifted Dr. Martin Cooper, developed portable cellular telephony. Cooper and Mitchell were among the Motorola employees granted a patent for this work in 1973. The first call on the prototype connected, reportedly, to a wrong number. While Motorola was developing a cellular phone, from 1968 to 1983 Bell Labs worked out a system called Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS), which became the first cellular network standard in the United States. The first system was successfully

This is a document about Feature phone
  The first cellular phone, the Motorola DynaTAC released in 1984, is considered a basic mobile phone due to its inability to do anything more than making voice calls. Despite the introduction of smartphones in the mid-1990s, ignited with the August 1994 release of the IBM Simon, Nokia Communicator from 1996 on, and the BlackBerry range of handheld personal digital assistants (PDAs) from Research in Motion (RiM); feature phones enjoyed unchallenged popularity into the mid 2000s. In North America, smartphones, such as Palm and BlackBerry, were still considered a niche category for enterprise use. Outside North America, Nokia's Symbian devices had captured the early smartphone market, in which price was the only barrier to entry, and

This is a document about Mobile phone
  are referred to as smartphones. The development of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) large-scale integration (LSI) technology, information theory and cellular networking led to the development of affordable mobile communications. The first handheld mobile phone was demonstrated by John F. Mitchell and Martin Cooper of Motorola in New York City in 1973, using a handset weighing c. 2 kilograms (4.4 lbs). In 1979, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) launched the world's first cellular network in Japan. In 1983, the DynaTAC 8000x was the first commercially available handheld mobile phone. From 1983 to 2014, worldwide mobile phone subscriptions grew to over seven billion; enough to provide one for every person on Earth. In the first quarter of 2016, the top smartphone developers worldwide were Samsung, Apple and Huawei; smartphone sales represented 78 percent of total mobile phone sales. For feature phones (slang: "dumbphones"), the top-selling brands were Samsung, Nokia and Alcatel.

This is a document about History of mobile phones
  Mobile telephones for automobiles became available from some telephone companies in the 1940s. Early devices were bulky, consumed large amounts of power, and the network supported only a few simultaneous conversations. Modern cellular networks allow automatic and pervasive use of mobile phones for voice and data communications. In the United States, engineers from Bell Labs began work on a system to allow mobile users to place and receive telephone calls from automobiles, leading to the inauguration of mobile service on June 17, 1946 in St. Louis, Missouri. Shortly after, AT&T offered Mobile Telephone Service. A wide range of mostly incompatible mobile telephone services offered limited coverage area and

This is a document about Mobile phone
   A handheld mobile radio telephone service was envisioned in the early stages of radio engineering. In 1917, Finnish inventor Eric Tigerstedt filed a patent for a "pocket-size folding telephone with a very thin carbon microphone". Early predecessors of cellular phones included analog radio communications from ships and trains. The race to create truly portable telephone devices began after World War II, with developments taking place in many countries. The advances in mobile telephony have been traced in successive "generations", starting with the early zeroth-generation (0G) services, such as Bell System's Mobile Telephone Service and its successor, the Improved Mobile Telephone Service. These 0G

This is a document about Millicom
  royalty from Racal-Millicom, a controlling shareholder, Stenbeck commissioned a startup with three employees, Technophone, to develop the world's first pocket-sized mobile phone. Highlighting its plans to offer the Voice and Data phone (predecessor to the smartphone), his Racal-Millicom joint-venture was renamed Vodafone. On 12 October 1983, Millicom Inc. created China Telecom Systems (HK), a joint-venture with partners China Resources Ltd. and Comvik, a Swedish mobile firm also controlled by Jan Stenbeck. China Telecom Systems (HK) held the first cellular telephone contract in China, making its service available to the public on 20 May 1985. In December 1989, Millicom set up

This is a document about Advanced Mobile Phone System
  in Chicago, Illinois, in 1979. Motorola and others designed and built the cellular phones for this and other cellular systems. Martin Cooper, a former general manager for the systems division at Motorola, led a team that produced the first cellular handset in 1973 and made the first phone call from it. In 1983 Motorola introduced the DynaTAC 8000x, the first commercially available cellular phone small enough to be easily carried. He later introduced the so-called Bag Phone. In 1992, the first smartphone, called IBM Simon, used AMPS. Frank Canova led its design at IBM and it was demonstrated that year at the COMDEX computer-industry trade-show. A refined version of the product was marketed to consumers in 1994 by BellSouth under the name Simon Personal Communicator. The Simon was the first device that can be properly referred to as a "smartphone", even though that term was not yet coined.

This is a document about 1345 Avenue of the Americas
  A base station atop the building was used on April 3, 1973, by Martin Cooper to make the world's first handheld cellular phone call in public. Cooper, a Motorola inventor, called rival Joel S. Engel of Bell Labs to tell him about the invention. Engel was staying across the street in the Hilton New York.

This is a document about History of technology
  phone in 1985, both developed by Comvik in Sweden, coupled with the first transmission of data over a cellular network by Vodafone (formerly Racal-Millicom) in 1992 were the breakthroughs that led directly to the form and function of smartphones today. By 2014, there were more cell phones in use than people on Earth and The Supreme Court has ruled that a mobile phone was a private part of a person. Providing consumers wireless access to each other and to the Internet, the mobile phone stimulated one of the most important technology revolutions in human history. The Human Genome Project sequenced and identified all three billion

This is a document about History of the Internet
  popular mobile phone application is texting, of which 2.1 trillion messages were logged in 2020. The texting phenomenon began on December 3, 1992 when Neil Papworth sent the first text message of “Merry Christmas” over a commercial cell phone network to the CEO of Vodafone. The first mobile phone with Internet connectivity was the Nokia 9000 Communicator, launched in Finland in 1996. The viability of Internet services access on mobile phones was limited until prices came down from that model, and network providers started to develop systems and services conveniently accessible on phones. NTT DoCoMo in Japan launched the first mobile Internet service, i-mode, in 1999 and this is

This is a document about Motorola DynaTAC
  developed portable cellular telephony, and Mitchell was among the Motorola employees granted a patent for this work in 1973; the first call on the prototype was completed, reportedly, to a wrong number. While Motorola was developing the cellular phone itself, during 1968–1983, Bell Labs worked on the system called AMPS, while others designed cell phones for that and other cellular systems. Martin Cooper, a former general manager for the systems division at Motorola, led a team that produced the DynaTAC 8000x, the first commercially available cellular phone small enough to be easily carried, and made the first phone call from it. Martin Cooper was the first

This is a document about Martin Cooper (inventor)
  the lead inventor named on "radio telephone system" filed on October 17, 1973, with the U.S. Patent Office and later issued as U.S. Patent 3,906,166. John Francis Mitchell, Motorola's Chief of Portable Communication Products (and Cooper's Manager and Mentor) and the engineers who worked for Cooper and Mitchell are also named on the patent. On April 3, 1973, Cooper and Mitchell demonstrated two working phones to the media and to passers-by prior to walking into a scheduled press conference at the New York City Hilton in midtown Manhattan. Standing on Sixth avenue near the Hilton, Cooper made the first handheld cellular phone call in public from the

The first mobile cell phone was invented by Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973. He made the first handheld mobile phone call on April 3, 1973. However, the first handheld cellular phone was not patented until 1977.


Question: rab ne bana di jodi meaning in english

Answer: A Match Made By God

This is a document about Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi
  Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi, also known as RNBDJ, is a 2008 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy film written and directed by Aditya Chopra and produced by Yash Chopra and Aditya Chopra under the banner Yash Raj Films. The film stars Shah Rukh Khan and Anushka Sharma, in her Bollywood debut. It follows a mild-mannered office worker Surinder Sahni (Khan), whose love for his beautiful and vivacious wife Taani (Sharma), causes him to transform himself into the loud and fun-loving "Raj Kapoor" to win her love. It was released worldwide on 12 December 2008 and marked Chopra's return to directing after an 8-year hiatus following his previous directorial venture, Mohabbatein (2000), which also starred Shah Rukh Khan. The film was not heavily promoted pre-release by Khan or Yash Raj Films, mainly due to uncertainty and apprehensions regarding

This is a document about Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi
  Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi was released across 30 countries worldwide on 12 December 2008 on over 1,200 screens, including approximately 300 prints for the overseas market, making it the first time a Bollywood film was released on such a wide scale. Before release, the film witnessed a large volume of advance bookings. Aditya Chopra, who is known for maintaining secrecy over his films and not showing them to anyone until the day of release, made an exception and held a special screening on 23 November 2008 at Yash Raj Studios. The screening was attended by Khan and his family, Karan Johar, Yash Chopra, and debutant Sharma. There was a huge debate in the industry whether Aditya

This is a document about Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi
  Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi collected inr 420000000 in its opening week. By its fourth week, it had earned inr 860000000, making it Shah Rukh Khan's fifth consecutive blockbuster in 3 years and Aditya Chopra's third blockbuster as a director. The film grossed $8.43 million in the overseas market of which $2.09 million was contributed by the United States and $2.24 million from the UK, and was declared as a blockbuster overseas. At the end of its theatrical run, it grossed inr 1578900000 worldwide, thus becoming Yash Raj Films' and Khan's highest-grossing film at the time of its release. It was the second-highest-grossing film domestically and the highest-grossing in the overseas market that year.

This is a document about Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi
  Singh. The performance of the song includes appearances by Kajol, Bipasha Basu, Lara Dutta, Preity Zinta, and Rani Mukerji. Serbian pop singer Jelena Karleuša remade the song "Dance Pe Chance" as "Insomnia" in 2010, and it became a huge hit. Bulgarian pop singer Ivana also made a copy of the same song as "Nedei". The soundtrack of Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi was released on 14 November 2008. It is the first Bollywood soundtrack to reach the top 10 albums sales for the iTunes Store. According to the Indian trade website Box Office India, with around 19,00,000 units sold, this film's soundtrack album was the year's second highest-selling.

This is a document about Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi
  The soundtrack of Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi was composed by Salim–Sulaiman. The lyrics of all the songs have been given by Jaideep Sahni. This marks the second collaboration of the composer duo with Shah Rukh Khan after Chak De! India (2007), whose soundtrack album became a huge success. The album was mixed by Vijay Dayal at YRF Studios in Mumbai and was mastered by Brian "Big Bass" Gardner at Bernie Grundman Mastering in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California. The song "Phir Milenge Chalte Chalte" pays homage to Bollywood actors Raj Kapoor, Dev Anand, Shammi Kapoor, Rajesh Khanna and Rishi Kapoor and actresses Nargis, Sadhana Shivdasani, Helen, Sharmila Tagore, and

This is a document about Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi
  Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi tells a story from the point of view of an ordinary person and, most importantly, conveys a message that being 'ordinary' is cool. The filmmakers were confident that it would be able to strike a chord with millions because the film has ordinary people as its target audience: "'As middle-class people, so many of us have a routine life. We wake up in the morning, get dressed, go to office, come back, sometimes for a change we buy things to take home, watch TV, eat dinner and go to sleep. And then we repeat this day after day, week after week. Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi talks about one such man who lives a routine life. It is simple film at heart.'"

This is a document about Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi
  In February 2008, Aditya Chopra announced that he will helm another film titled Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi and that it will star his lucky mascot, Shah Rukh Khan. The female lead was to be a newcomer who would be chosen following a massive talent hunt for a young, demure woman with quintessential Punjabi features. In May, Yash Raj announced the casting of the 19-year-old model Anushka Sharma as the heroine opposite Shahrukh Khan. Yash Chopra commented: "'We were looking first for someone who could truly embody the spirit of small town Punjab. We know we have found her in Anushka. While she has no previous acting experience, we have seen that unique spark in her that makes us confident that she will be a standout even opposite Shah Rukh' Sharma was chosen over hundreds of

This is a document about Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi
  Joginder Tuteja of Bollywood Hungama gave the DVD of Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi 3.5 out of 5 stars stating that it is a good choice if you "want to watch a clean family movie at home." The DVD includes the documentaries, The Making of the Film and The Making of the Songs ("Haule Haule", "Dance Pe Chance", "Phir Milenge Chalte Chalte") as well as a number of deleted scenes and interviews. The film was released on Blu-ray a year after its theatrical release.

This is a document about Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi
  that Suri "is a soul brother to the mousy Clark Kent-cum-Superman" who "makes you laugh and sob alternately." Mayank Shekhar from Mumbai Mirror gave the film three out of five stars and argues that "[The] same person, oppositely twinned, is usually the stuff of superhero films; the kinds of Clark Kent-Superman, Peter Parker-Spider-Man etc. You feel entirely lost in this fantasy flick, because for most part, it’s built around something so intimate and real. It’d be much easier to travel to foreign countries around far-fetched situations with fake heroes." In addition, Sudish Kamath of The Hindu stated that while Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi could have been

This is a document about Glossary of Sikhism
 Bani: verses. An abbreviation of Gurbani, applied to any of the writings which appear in the Guru Granth Sahib. ; Bhagat Bani: Any of the writings which appear in the Guru Granth Sahib which were not written by the Gurus.

This is a document about Anushka Sharma
  Sharma made her acting debut in Aditya Chopra's romantic drama Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi (2008), opposite Shah Rukh Khan. She took a day to prepare for her screen test at the Yash Raj Films studio and refused to do an impromptu one. She was signed for a three-film deal with the company and landed the leading role of Tani Sahni, a young bride to a middle-aged man, portrayed by Khan. Khalid Mohamed of Hindustan Times found her to be "assured and upright" in the film, but Nikhat Kazmi thought that she "lacks all chutzpah and can barely hold your attention". The film was a major commercial success, emerging

This is a document about Chichewa tenses
 Ndili ndí áná awíri. Tidáli ndí msonkhano wá alimi ónse. Ndilíbé aná. The phrase ndili ndí (lit. "I am with") means "I have". "I have two children." "We had a meeting of all the farmers." The negative is ndilíbe "I do not have". "I don't have any children."

This is a document about Rudaba
  The word Rudābeh consists of two sections. "Rud" and "āb", "Rud" means child and "āb" means shining, therefore means shining child (according to Dehkhoda Dictionary).

This is a document about Bani, Rahi
  Bani is a village in Rahi block of Rae Bareli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 7 km from Rae Bareli, the district headquarters. As of 2011, it has a population of 672 people, in 136 households. It has no schools and no healthcare facilities. The 1961 census recorded Bani as comprising 2 hamlets, with a total population of 291 people (152 male and 139 female), in 63 households and 62 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 210 acres. The 1981 census recorded Bani as having a population of 401 people, in 81 households, and having an area of 87.42 hectares. The main staple foods were given as wheat and rice.

This is a document about Do Hanson Ka Jodaa
  Do Hanson Ka Joda based on Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi was a soap opera that aired on (now defunct) NDTV Imagine in India on Mondays to Fridays at 9:30 PM IST. Lyricist Raghvendra Singh is the creative director in this serial. The Show Reruns Again on India's No. 1 Channel Dangal

This is a document about Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi
  Upon release, the film received mixed reviews. Robert Abele of the Los Angeles Times calls Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi an "agreeably amusing comedy/romance/musical" noting that, "the magnetic Khan is a skilled enough comic actor with his physical transformation—like a Peter Sellers-ish recessive turning into a Jerry Lewis extrovert—that believing Taani wouldn't notice isn't difficult." Rachel Saltz of The New York Times describes it as "soft, sweet and slow, in the words of one of its songs. It deftly blends comedy, the ruling tone of the new Bollywood, with melodrama, the ruling tone of the old." Manish Gajjar of the BBC gave the film 4 out of

This is a document about Face (sociological concept)
  In Persian, expressions like "Aab ro rizi" (آبروريزی) literally – losing the face's water, is used to mean save face and "Dou roi" (دورويی) (lit. two-facedness), "Ro seyahi "(nq) (lit. Black-facedness) meaning "ashamed and embarrassed" and "Ro sepidi" (روسپيدی) (lit. White-facedness) meaning "proud" (opposite of Ro seyahi) are used. In Iranian culture the meaning of linguistic face is much closer to the meaning of "Character". So Persian speakers use some strategies in saving the face or character of each other while they communicate.

This is a document about You can't have your cake and eat it
  a laddu (a sweet candy) in both of your hands. Also, चित भी मेरी पट भी मेरी. – Heads are mine and tails are mine too. ; Olyan nincs, hogy a kecske is jóllakjon, és a káposzta is megmaradjon – It is impossible to feed the goat but keep the cabbage. Also, Egy fenékkel nem lehet két lovat megülni – You can't ride two horses with one backside. Also, Nem lehet egyszerre házaséletet is élni és szűznek is maradni. – You can't consummate the marriage yet still remain a virgin. ; Það er ekki hægt að bæði halda og sleppa – You can't have

This is a document about Jodi Kya Banayi Wah Wah Ramji
  Jodi Kya Banayi Wah Wah Ramji is a 2003 Indian Hindi film.

This is a document about Aate Di Chidi
  and India- it has changed. Eliza then regrets the fact that she tried to prevent her son learning about Punjabi culture. The village sign also then has the name written at Punjabi at the top, telling people that your mother language is the most important. Just before the flight to Canada, Lavi tries to find an 'Aate Di Chidi' as he promised his neighbour's daughter he will get one. He couldn't find it. In Canada, Eliza gives Lavi and the neighbour's daughter an 'Aate Di Chidi', meaning that you can gain knowledge about your culture in other countries as well.

Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi means "A Match Made by God" in English.