Question: how many episodes of switched at birth season 1

Answer: 30

This is a document about Switched at Birth (season 1)
  The first season of Switched at Birth, an American drama television series, began airing on ABC Family on June 6, 2011 and concluded on October 22, 2012 after 30 episodes. The one-hour scripted drama revolves around two young women who were switched at birth and grew up in very different environments. While balancing school, jobs, and their unconventional family, the girls, along with their friends and family experience deaf culture, relationships, classism, racism, audism, and other social issues. On August 1, 2011, ABC Family announced that they were ordering more episodes for the first season of Switched at Birth, bringing the first season to a total of 30 episodes. The series continued with a winter premiere on January 3, 2012, ending on March 20, 2012, with 12 episodes. The series began airing its remaining 8 episodes for its first season, beginning September 3, 2012.

This is a document about Switched at Birth (TV series)
  On August 1, 2011, ABC Family announced that they were ordering more episodes for the first season of Switched at Birth, bringing the first season to a total of 30 episodes. After the airing of the series' initial 10 episodes ended on August 8, 2011, the series continued with a winter premiere on January 3, 2012, airing an additional 12 episodes through March 20, 2012. The series began airing the remaining 8 episodes of its first season on September 3, 2012. On August 17, 2012, ABC Family renewed Switched at Birth for a second season; it premiered on January 7, 2013. After the spring finale on March 11,

This is a document about Switched (2018 TV series)
  The full first season of Switched consisting of 6 episodes premiered on Netflix streaming on August 1, 2018.

This is a document about Switched at Birth (season 5)
  Switched at Birth was renewed for a fifth season by Freeform in October 2015. In March 2016, it was confirmed that this ten-episode season would be its last. The fifth season premiered on January 31, 2017. The one-hour scripted drama revolves around two young women who discover they were switched at birth and grew up in very different environments. While balancing school, jobs, and their unconventional family, the girls, along with their friends and family, experience Deaf culture, relationships, class differences, racism, audism, and other social issues.

This is a document about Chowder (TV series)
  A total of 49 episodes were aired in the series. Season 1, which consists of 20 episodes, started with the series premiere, entitled "Burple Nurples/Shnitzel Makes a Deposit", and ended with the special "The Apprentice Games". Season 2 also contains 20 episodes, debuting with "The Arborians/The Garage Sale", and ending with "A Faire to Remember/Tofu-Town Showdown". Season 3 consists of only 9 episodes, premiering with "Hands on a Big Mixer/The Blast Raz", and ending with the series finale, entitled "Chowder Grows Up".

This is a document about Switched at Birth (season 3)
  The third season of ABC Family drama television series Switched at Birth began on January 13, 2014, and will consist of 22 episodes. The season is produced by ABC Family, Pirates' Cove Entertainment, and Suzy B Productions, with Paul Stupin and series creator Lizzy Weiss serving as executive producers. The one-hour scripted drama revolves around two young women who discover they were switched at birth and grew up in very different environments. While balancing school, jobs, and their unconventional family, the girls, along with their friends and family, experience deaf culture, relationships, class differences, racism, audism, and other social issues.

This is a document about List of Topsy and Tim episodes
  February 2014 ; 19) The Play – 27 February 2014 ; 20) Old Toys – 28 February 2014 ; 21) Lost Stick – 3 March 2014 ; 22) Sing Song – 4 March 2014 ; 23) Wrapping Paper – 5 March 2014 ; 24) Dressing Up – 6 March 2014 ; 25) Chicken Pox – 7 March 2014 ; 26) Growing Sunflowers – 10 March 2014 ; 27) Baby Jack – 11 March 2014 ; 28) Wide Awake – 12 March 2014 ; 29) Moving House – 13 March 2014 ; 30) Remember When – 14 March 2014 There were 30 episodes in the first series: episodes 1–15 were originally aired on weekday evenings, over a period of three weeks in November 2013; episodes 16–30 were first aired on weekday evenings, over a period of three weeks in February/March 2014.

This is a document about List of Steven Universe episodes
  26 half-hours (52 episodes) were produced for Season 1; this list includes a 53rd, "Say Uncle," which was produced and aired as part of Season 2, but which in terms of story chronology is placed by Jones-Quartey's list late in Season 1. Episode premieres initially occurred weekly on Monday nights, but moved to Wednesday nights beginning with the episode "Steven the Sword Fighter," then to Thursday nights beginning with the episode "Coach Steven". The episodes "Open Book", "Shirt Club", and "Story for Steven" were bumped to air during the second season in order to facilitate airing the final 'arc' of season one over five consecutive nights.

This is a document about Noah's Arc (TV series)
  Season one consists of nine episodes, while season two has eight episodes. The unaired pilot is available on the season one DVD box set.

This is a document about American Dad! (season 1)
  The first season of American Dad! aired from February 6 to June 19, 2005, and consisted of seven episodes. The season is included within the Volume One DVD box set, which was released on April 25, 2006. Nineteen episodes were produced during the first production cycle with production numbers 1AJNxx. However, to continue running episodes for the full season (23 episodes) that began earlier than normal (May versus September) four episodes from the second production cycle (2AJNxx episodes) were aired.

This is a document about The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1)
  The show was originally ordered to series for a 21-episode first season. However, after the show premiered with good ratings establishing itself as Disney's top series in key boy demographics, and only behind That’s So Raven in kids 2-11 and 6-11, the network decided to order five additional episodes to a total of 26 episodes for the first season.

This is a document about List of Switched at Birth episodes
  Switched at Birth is an American television drama series which premiered on ABC Family on June 6, 2011. Created by Lizzy Weiss, the series follows two teenage girls who learn that they were switched at birth. On August 17, 2012, ABC Family renewed Switched at Birth for a second season, which premiered on January 7, 2013. All of the episode titles take their names from pieces of artwork. On July 30, 2013, ABC Family renewed the series for a full 22-episode third season, which premiered in January 2014. The second half of season 3 premiered on June 16, 2014. On August 13, 2014, the series was renewed for a fourth season, which premiered on January 6, 2015. ABC Family, which changed its name to Freeform in January 2016, announced on Wednesday October 21, 2015, that it had renewed the series for a fifth and final season. The fifth season began airing on January 31, 2017, and concluded on April 11, 2017.

This is a document about In Treatment
  marriage and share custody of their son. Jake believes the therapy was helpful, but Amy thinks it hurt their marriage. Throughout the season, Gina and Paul confront each other over issues in their shared history and opposing views, but by the finale Paul realizes he needs her input and agrees to continue therapy. The first season consists of 43 episodes, with each episode airing on its allotted day of the week, Monday to Friday. The episodes were spread over nine weeks for most of the characters, except in the final week, which did not have Monday or Tuesday installments.

This is a document about List of Arrested Development episodes
  The first season of Arrested Development consists of 22 episodes, which are listed below as ordered on the DVD collection and not in their original broadcast/production order.

This is a document about American Dad!
  There are multiple conflicting reports and models of the number of seasons American Dad! has had. (A): One of the reports upholds a one-season-fewer numbering model: Under this arrangement, season 1 is a combination of both the first 7 episodes and the following 16 episodes, despite the separation of these two episode collections by a summer hiatus. Under this system, season 1 is uncharacteristically longer in contrast to the rest of the show's seasons, consisting of 23 episodes. (B): The other report upholds a one-season-more numbering model: Under this arrangement, season 1 ended after the program's first 7 episodes leading into the summer hiatus.

This is a document about Taking the Stage (season 2)
  1 Denotes a 1-hour episode.

This is a document about Crash Canyon
  The show consists of two seasons, with the first season consisting of 18 episodes and the second of 8. The episode order of the show as aired on Teletoon in Canada differs from that of airings in other countries.

This is a document about The Guard (TV series)
  While there is agreement that 22 episodes of The Guard have been produced, the organization into seasons has provided some controversy. Originally, Halifax Film announced a first season consisting of 7 episodes. Halifax announced on October 9, 2008 that season 2 would consist of 15 episodes beginning on 29 October 2008. In the final press kit, it states, "The Guard returns with a new season of 15 one-hour episodes on October 29 in its new timeslot Wednesday at 10 PM on Global TV." However, in this same press kit (edited after the series was completed), Halifax Film opts to relabel the episodes for marketing purposes in other markets so that season 1 consists of

This is a document about Dot.
  The first season, consisting of 52 episodes, was broadcast on October 22, 2016. A second season was ordered on January 26, 2018, which consisted 26 episodes.

This is a document about Rich Correll
  2007–2008) ; The Suite Life on Deck (36 episodes, 2008) ; Mostly Ghostly (2008) ; I'm in the Band (4 episodes, 2010) ; Are We There Yet? (4 episodes, 2011) ; How to Rock (3 episodes, 2011) ; A.N.T. Farm (28 episodes, 2012) ; See Dad Run (9 episodes, 2012–2014) ; Jessie (32 episodes 2012–2015) ; Liv and Maddie (3 episodes 2014) ; Partners (6 episodes, 2014) ; Austin and Ally (2 episodes, 2014) ; Mighty Med (6 episodes, 2014–2015) ; K.C. Undercover (2 episodes, 2015) ; Lab Rats (1 episode, 2015) ; Bunk'd (11 episodes, 2015–present) ; Fuller House (34 episodes, 2016–2020) ; Raven's Home (5 episodes, 2019-2020) ; The Girl Who Believes in Miracles (2021)

The first season of Switched at Birth on ABC Family consisted of 30 episodes in total. The initial order was for 20 episodes, but it was later extended to 30 episodes.


Question: where did the first in n out open

Answer: Baldwin Park , California

This is a document about In-N-Out Burger
  In-N-Out Burger's first location was opened in the Los Angeles suburb of Baldwin Park, California, in 1948 by the Snyders at the southwest corner of what is now the intersection of Interstate 10 and Francisquito Avenue. The restaurant was the first drive-thru hamburger stand in California, allowing drivers to place orders via a two-way speaker system. This was a new and unique idea, since in post-World War II California, carhops were used to take orders and serve food. The second In-N-Out was on the corner of Azusa Canyon Road and San Bernardino Road, the third was in Pasadena and the fourth was opened west of the intersection of Grand Avenue and Arrow Highway in Covina, California, in the late 1950s. The company remained a relatively small southern California chain until the 1970s. The Snyders managed their first restaurants closely to ensure quality was maintained. The chain had 18 restaurants when Harry Snyder died in 1976, at the age of 63.

This is a document about In-N-Out Burger
   The company opened locations in Arizona in 2000 and added new restaurants in Reno, Sparks, and Carson City, Nevada in late 2004. In-N-Out became a huge success in these new locations. In 2007, it opened its first restaurant in Tucson, Arizona. The store opening broke company records for the most burgers sold in one day and the most sold in one week. In 2008, In-N-Out expanded into a fourth state by opening a location in Washington, Utah, a suburb of St. George. By late 2009, the chain expanded into northern Utah with three new locations situated in Draper, American Fork, and

This is a document about In-N-Out Burger
  More locations opened in the spring of 2010 in West Valley City, West Jordan, Centerville, and Riverton.  In May 2010, In-N-Out announced plans to open new spots into Texas, specifically within the Dallas–Fort Worth area with the first In-N-Out opening in Frisco and Allen on May 11, 2011. The chain opened its first location in Austin in December 2013. There are 18 restaurant locations in the Dallas–Fort Worth area, and four in the Austin area. These new locations in Texas required the company to build a new patty production facility and distribution center in the state, according to company vice president

This is a document about In-N-Out Burger
  The first In-N-Out restaurant that opened in 1948 was demolished when Interstate 10 (then US 60/US 70/US 99, the Ramona Freeway, now the San Bernardino Freeway) was built from downtown Los Angeles to the San Gabriel Valley. The freeway runs over the original location. A new restaurant was completed in 1954 near the original Baldwin Park, California, location, but was closed in November 2004 and demolished on April 16, 2011, despite discussions about using it as an In-N-Out museum chronicling the origins and history of the company. In-N-Out built a replacement restaurant on the other side of the freeway next to the original In-N-Out University (opened in 1984). A new In-N-Out University was built on the property. The university building houses the training department, which was moved from Irvine, California. In addition, the company restaurant was moved from In-N-Out's Baldwin Park headquarters to the new lot, which holds the restaurant and university, less than a thousand feet away. In 2014, a replica of the first In-N-Out was built in Baldwin Park.

This is a document about Baldwin Park, California
  Home Depot, Starbucks, Harley Davidson, a transit oriented district (TOD) near the Metrolink Train Station and various other thriving businesses. Baldwin Park is home to the first In-N-Out burger stand, opened on October 22, 1948. It was the first drive-thru in California and was replaced in November 2004 with a new building. The new In-N-Out University and company store opened in 2006 on Francisquito Avenue. Also, the company's first meatpacking plant is located down the street from the locations at the company headquarters on Hamburger Lane. In-N-Out now has a second meat processing plant in Texas to serve their Texas restaurants. As of

This is a document about In-N-Out Burger
  In 1976, 24-year-old Rich Snyder became the company president after his father's death. Along with his brother Guy, Rich had begun working in his father's In-N-Outs at an early age. Over the next 20 years, the chain experienced a period of rapid growth under Rich's leadership, expanding to 93 restaurants. The first location outside of the Los Angeles metropolitan area was opened in San Diego County in 1990, the 57th location in the chain. In 1992, In-N-Out opened its first non-Southern California restaurant in Las Vegas, Nevada. Its first Northern California location was opened the following year in Modesto. Expansion then spread to Northern California, including the San Francisco Bay Area, while additional Las Vegas-area restaurants were added. However, after opening store 93 In-N-Out in

This is a document about In-N-Out Burger
  employed nearly 18,000 in California, Nevada, Utah, Texas and Arizona. The company opened its first location in Oregon on September 9, 2015 (the same day as Harry Snyder's birthday) in Medford. It is supplied from the Lathrop, California distribution center that was completed in 2006. President Lynsi Snyder stated during the opening that they will continue to open new spots. A second Oregon location was under construction in Grants Pass during September 2017. On August 21, 2018, In-N-Out announced plans to open a location in the Willamette Valley in Keizer. This would be the company's northernmost location. On November 30, 2017,

This is a document about In-N-Out Burger
  In-N-Out Burger is an American regional chain of fast food restaurants with locations primarily in California and the Southwest. It was founded in Baldwin Park, California, in 1948 by Harry Snyder and Esther Snyder. The chain is currently headquartered in Irvine, California and has expanded outside Southern California into the rest of California, as well as into Arizona, Nevada, Utah, Texas, Oregon, and Colorado. The current owner is Lynsi Snyder, the Snyders' only grandchild. As the chain has expanded, it has opened several distribution centers in addition to its original Baldwin Park location. The new facilities, located in Lathrop, California; Phoenix, Arizona; Draper, Utah; Dallas, Texas; and Colorado Springs, Colorado will provide for potential future expansion into other parts of the country. In-N-Out Burger has chosen not to franchise its operations or go public; one reason is the prospect of quality or customer consistency being compromised by excessively rapid business growth. The In-N-Out restaurant chain has developed a highly loyal customer base  and has been rated as one of the top fast food restaurants in several customer satisfaction surveys.

This is a document about Kirby's Pig Stand
  Kirby's Pig Stand opened in September 1921 in Dallas, Texas. It was America's first drive-in restaurant. The restaurant expanded into chains all around the United States in states such as Texas, New York, Florida, Oklahoma, Arkansas, California, and Alabama. Jessie Kirby died a few years after opening the first drive-in Pig Stand, but Kirby's family and the Jackson family kept the company up and running. The scheme of the restaurant "consisted of a red-tiled pagoda-like roof set on a rectangular building framed of wood and covered in stucco (a fine plaster used for coating wall surfaces or molding into architectural decorations)". "A 1927 newspaper advertisement claimed over 5,000 people in Dallas alone had their evening meal at the Pig Stands". It was popular for "chicken-fried steak sandwich,

This is a document about Drive-through
  In 1921, Kirby's Pig Stand introduced the drive-in restaurant, in which carhops delivered meals. In 1931, a California Pig Stand franchise introduced a drive-through service that bypassed the carhops. By the 1970s, drive-through service had replaced drive-in restaurants in the United States. The first McDonald's drive-through was created in 1975 in Sierra Vista, Arizona, near Fort Huachuca, a military installation, to serve military members who were not permitted to get out of their cars off-post while wearing fatigues. The original McDonald's was closed down and demolished in May 1999 and a new McDonald's replaced it. In 1981, Max Hamburgers opened Northern Europe's first drive-in in Piteå. The first drive-through restaurant in Europe, a McDonald's drive-through, opened at the Nutgrove Shopping Centre in Dublin, Ireland in 1985. In the US, drive-throughs account for

This is a document about Dick Spady
  restaurant business was risky, Spady was nonetheless inspired, stating, "I figured I could survive long enough to get into something respectable, like real estate." He contacted Ghormley, who was living in Seattle, and the two agreed to become business partners. They also convinced Ghormley's wife's boss, Dr. B. O. A. Thomas, to join the business. After traveling to California to study hamburger restaurants like McDonald's, Spady moved to Seattle to open his first restaurant. The first Dick's Drive-In opened on January 28, 1954 on 45th Avenue NE in Wallingford, celebrating its grand opening on February 20. Throughout Spady's tenure, Dick's added five more locations. He also worked to ensure that the restaurant employees were paid above minimum wage and received multiple benefits. In 1991, Spady bought out the other business partners. Following Spady's retirement, his son Jim later took over the presidency of Dick's Drive-In.

This is a document about Kirby's Pig Stand
  Kirby's Pig Stand was the first drive-in restaurant to open in the United States. It was opened by Jessie G. Kirby and Reuben Jackson in 1921, in Dallas, Texas. Then in the 1980s, it changed ownership and name to Woodfire Kirby's.

This is a document about In-N-Out Burger
  Van Fleet. In March 2014, the company confirmed its first location in San Antonio. The fall of 2014 saw the restaurant open its 22nd Texas location in Killeen. On November 20, 2014, In-N-Out opened its first location in San Antonio followed by its first location in Waco in November 2015. In January 2017, In-N-Out announced plans to expand into Houston with multiple sites planned in the area, the first being in Stafford. In January 2015, In-N-Out opened its 300th restaurant, which was located in Anaheim, California. At the time of the opening, the company had generated $558 million in annual sales

This is a document about U.S. Route 66
  teepee-shaped motels, frozen custard stands, Indian curio shops, and reptile farms. Meramec Caverns near St. Louis, began advertising on barns, billing itself as the "Jesse James hideout". The Big Texan advertised a free 72 oz steak dinner to anyone who could consume the entire meal in one hour. It also marked the birth of the fast-food industry: Red's Giant Hamburg in Springfield, Missouri, site of the first drive-through restaurant, and the first McDonald's in San Bernardino, California. Changes like these to the landscape further cemented 66's reputation as a near-perfect microcosm of the culture of America, now linked by the automobile.

This is a document about History of the hamburger
  1950. After World War II, a number of hamburger restaurants known as InstaBurger King (later Burger King) began emerging, the first of which was opened on December 4, 1954, in a suburb of Miami, Florida. It was established by James McLamore and David Edgerton, both of whom were students at the Cornell University School of Hotel Administration. McLamore had visited the original McDonald's in San Bernardino, California, when it was still owned by the McDonald brothers, and saw the potential that existed for the mass production of hamburgers. He was so inspired by this visit that he decided to create a similar burger chain

This is a document about Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945)
  became UMB Financial Corporation under R. Crosby Kemper opened what is considered the first drive-up window. In-n-Out Burger claims to have built the first drive-through restaurant in 1948. Harry and Esther Snyder, the chain's founders, built their first restaurant in Baldwin Park, California, with a two-way speaker to enable patrons to order directly from their cars without the intermediation of a carhop. The liquid-fuel rocket is a rocket with an engine that uses propellants in liquid form. On March 16, 1926 in Auburn, Massachusetts, Dr. Robert H. Goddard, the "father of modern rocketry", launched the first liquid-fueled rocket in

This is a document about In-N-Out Burger
  Jack Schmidt was the first person commissioned to paint the original In-N-Out located in Baldwin Park, California for In-N-Out Burger Inc. His paintings were later reproduced on advertisements, shirts, and other consumer products.

This is a document about In-N-Out Burger products
   When In-N-Out Burger first opened in 1948, the company only provided a basic menu of burgers, fries and beverages. The foods it prepared were made on-site from fresh ingredients, including its french fries which were sliced and cooked to order. Unlike other major competitors in the hamburger fast food restaurant business (Burger King, McDonald's and Wendy's), as the chain expanded over the years, it has not added products such as chicken or salads to its menu since 1976 and has never changed its preparation methods. The company utilizes a vertical integration model for its raw ingredients, procuring and manufacturing much of its food supplies in-house. The company does not utilize freezers in its operations, shipping food daily to its stores from its facilities. Instead of a broad menu like other competitors, In-N-Out has become known for its "secret menu", or unadvertised variations of its burgers that are based on customer preferences, such as the popular "Animal Style".

This is a document about History of Burger King
  stand belonging to Dick and Mac McDonald in San Bernardino, California, and sensing potential in their innovative assembly line-based production system, decided to open a similar operation. McLamore and Edgerton acquired a license to operate an Insta-Burger King franchise and opened their first location on 4 December 1954 at 3090 NW 36th Street in Miami. By 1959, the pair had stores at several locations within the Miami-Dade area, and operations were growing at a fast rate. However, the partners discovered that the insta-broiler units' heating elements were prone to degradation from the drippings of the beef patties. The pair eventually created

This is a document about In-N-Out Burger products
  For most of its history, In-N-Out has produced its own meat in company-owned facilities. The chain has a policy of using only fresh meat, and all of its stores are supplied by its California manufacturing operations located in Baldwin Park. With its expansion into Texas, the restaurant opened its first production plant outside of California in a suburb of Dallas in order to increase its geographic footprint. By keeping the manufacturing process in house, the chain is able to maintain strict quality control standards. Beginning in March 2016 the company announced that it would move forward to sourcing its beef from cows that have not been treated with antibiotics. The chain did not announce a timeframe for the switch, but that it would move forward at an expedited pace. Part of the reason for the switch was that California passed a series of laws to ban the use of antibiotics in non-medical, prophylactic treatments. Additionally, several groups of consumer advocacy NGOs, led by CalPIRG, had been pressuring a number of restaurant chains to stop using meat raised with low-dose antibiotics.

The first In-N-Out Burger opened in Baldwin Park, California, in 1948.


Question: what was one goal of the marshall plan

Answer: improve European prosperity

This is a document about Marshall Plan
    The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative enacted in 1948 to provide foreign aid to Western Europe. The United States transferred over $13 billion (equivalent of about $ in ) in economic recovery programs to Western European economies after the end of World War II. Replacing an earlier proposal for a Morgenthau Plan, it operated for four years beginning on April 3, 1948. The goals of the United States were to rebuild war-torn regions, remove trade barriers, modernize industry, improve European prosperity, and prevent the spread of communism. The Marshall Plan required a reduction of interstate barriers and the dissolution of many regulations while also encouraging an increase in productivity as

This is a document about Marshall Plan
  address at Harvard University in June 1947. The purpose of the Marshall Plan was to aid in the economic recovery of nations after World War II and secure US geopolitical influence over Western Europe. To combat the effects of the Marshall Plan, the USSR developed its own economic plan, known as the Molotov Plan, in spite of the fact that large amounts of resources from the Eastern Bloc countries were paid to the USSR as reparations for participating with the Axis Powers during the war. The phrase "equivalent of the Marshall Plan" is often used to describe a proposed large-scale economic rescue program. In 1951 the Marshall Plan was largely replaced by the Mutual Security Act.

This is a document about Global Marshall Plan Initiative
 To all people in the world to contribute to the initiative with their knowledge, experiences and ideas ; To religious organisations as well as the media and artists to spread the ideas of the Global Marshall plan and create awareness ; To interested groups as well as in NGO organised civil societies. The goal is to join forces and fight for a fair, sustainable globalization together. ; To science. All disciplines are invited to help to develop the Global Marshall Plan with detailed and interdisciplinary established projects. ; To the economy to make the Global Marshall Plan one its own concerns to create a socially fair and

This is a document about United Kingdom–United States relations
  budget, control tariffs and maintain adequate currency reserves. The American goals for the Marshall plan were to help rebuild the postwar economy in Europe, help modernize the economies, and minimize trade barriers. When the Soviet Union refused to participate or allow its satellites to participate, the Marshall plan became an element of the emerging Cold War. The British Labour government was an enthusiastic participant. There were political tensions between the two nations regarding Marshall plan requirements. London was dubious about Washington's emphasis on European economic integration as the solution to postwar recovery. Integration with Europe at this point would mean cutting close ties to the emerging Commonwealth. London

This is a document about Cominform
  one goal: "to organize an exchange of experience, and where necessary to coordinate the activity of the Communist parties, on the basis of mutual agreement." Cominform was organize the propagation of communist interests and repel the expansion of anti-communism in the aftermath of World War II and the subsequent Cold War, dividing the world into imperialist and anti-imperialist factions. The French and Italian communist parties were specifically tasked by Cominform with the obstruction of the implementation of the Marshall Plan and the Truman Doctrine in Western Europe. From a global standpoint the Cominform strived/ventured to unite the Communist parties against the copious policies which threatened to empower Western Europe

This is a document about Global Marshall Plan Initiative
  best guarantee for a good and dynamic future perspective, would be brought forward by the eco-social Marshall Plan. The goal of the Global Marshall Plan Initiative is to make a substantial contribution to a global eco-social market economy. This eco-social Marshall Plan would include realistic perspectives:  According to the initiative, a Global Marshall Plan could also allow attractive new perspectives for many other problems caused by an unbalanced globalization. Possible impacts for example could be:  The goal of the Global Marshall Plan Initiative is to globally link appropriate order processes with competitive mechanisms to create value added systems by combining potential, resources and infrastructure with well planned, institutional solutions. A global eco-social market economy would therefore create the right balance between competitive economy, social solidarity and ecological sustainability.

This is a document about Foreign policy of the Harry S. Truman administration
  The Marshall Plan was launched by the United States in 1947-48 to replace numerous ad hoc loan and grant programs, with a unified, long-range plan to help restore the European economy, modernize it, remove internal tariffs and barriers, and encourage European collaboration. It was funded by the Republican -controlled Congress, where the isolationist Republican element was overwhelmed by a new internationalism. Stalin refused to let any of his satellite nations in Eastern Europe participate. Much less famous was a similar aid program aimed at Japan, China and other Asian countries. All the money was donated – there was no repayment needed. (At the same time, however, there were also separate American government loan

This is a document about Global Marshall Plan Initiative
  The Global Marshall Plan Initiative views itself as an integrative organizational platform for a "world in balance". Composed of a network of more than 5000 supporters from all levels of society, brought together from politics, economics and civil society, the Initiative is based on five core goals for fair globalization. Through its network-like character, it is organized through even hierarchies and without a centre. Everyone is invited to actively participate and take action with their circles and the accompanying opportunities to implement a World in Balance. The goal of the Global Marshall Plan Initiative is to establish a framework compatible with sustainability for the global economy – a global Eco-Social Market Economy.

This is a document about Molotov Plan
  belief that the Marshall Plan was an attempt to weaken Soviet interest in their satellite states through the conditions imposed and by making beneficiary countries economically dependent on the United States (Officially, one of the goals of the Marshall Plan was to prevent the spread of Communism). The plan was a system of bilateral trade agreements which also established Comecon to create an economic alliance of socialist countries. This aid allowed countries in Europe to stop relying on American aid and therefore allowed Molotov Plan states to reorganize their trade to the Soviet Union instead. The plan was in some ways contradictory because while the Soviets were giving aid to Eastern Bloc countries, at the same time they were demanding that countries who were members of the Axis powers pay reparations to the Soviet Union.

This is a document about History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom
  The American Marshall Plan (officially the "European Recovery Program", ERP) gave $12 billion in financial grants (not loans) to war-torn nations. ERP required the recipients to organize as the "Committee on European Economic Co-operation". Under Bevin the UK took the lead in coordinating support from the Western European nations that accepted the aid. (Soviet satellites turned the money down.) The British economy has started to recover by 1948—the main goal was not so much rescue or recovery as modernization of the economy. The Marshall Plan wanted to stimulate long-term economic growth. It required the removal all sorts of economic bottlenecks and restrictions, and called for free trade and low tariffs (a long-time American goal). Britain received $3.2 billion; separately Canada gave an unrestricted $1 billion grant. Repayment was not required. The grants were used to purchase oil, wheat, meat and other foods exported from the two donor nations. These products were in turn purchased by British consumers for pounds, and the revenue became matching funds used by UK government to modernize its economy. Britain also received large loans from the U.S. that were repaid over six decades at low interest, used to balance the budget.

This is a document about History of Belgium
  The American Marshall Plan (officially named the "European Recovery Program" or ERP) gave Belgium $559 million in grants from 1948 to 1951; it was not a loan and there was no repayment. A central goal of the ERP was to promote the growth of productivity along the lines of American management and labor practices. Obstacles arose which clearly limited its impact. The interest among some Belgian employers in increasing rates of productivity per worker was motivated by the rise in wage levels. But the Americans also intended to inject a new "spirit of productivity" in Belgian industries, which implied, among other measures, a reinforcement of structures of corporatist negotiation between the social partners

This is a document about Marshall Plan
  Prior to passing and enacting the Marshall Plan, President Truman and George Marshall started a domestic overhaul of public opinion from coast to coast. The purpose of this campaign was to sway public opinion in their direction and to inform the common person of what the Marshall Plan was and what the Plan would ultimately do. They spent months attempting to convince Americans that their cause was just and that they should embrace the higher taxes that would come in the foreseeable future. A copious amount of propaganda ended up being highly effective in swaying public opinion toward supporting the Marshall Plan. During the nationwide campaign for support, "more than a million pieces of pro-Marshall Plan publications-booklets, leaflets, reprints, and fact sheets", were disseminated. Truman's and Marshall's efforts proved to be effective. A Gallup Poll taken between the months of July and December 1947 shows the percentage of Americans unaware of the Marshall Plan fell from 51% to 36% nationwide. By the time the Marshall Plan was ready to be implemented, there was a general consensus throughout the American public that this was the right policy for both America, and the countries who would be receiving aid.

This is a document about Cold War (1947–1953)
  solution could not wait any longer. In a June 5, 1947 speech, comporting with the Truman Doctrine, Marshall announced a comprehensive program of American assistance to all European countries wanting to participate, including the Soviet Union and those of Eastern Europe, called the Marshall Plan. Fearing American political, cultural and economic penetration, Stalin eventually forbade Soviet Eastern bloc countries of the newly formed Cominform from accepting Marshall Plan aid. In Czechoslovakia, that required a Soviet-backed Czechoslovak coup d'état of 1948,  the brutality of which shocked Western powers more than any event so far and set in a motion a brief scare that war would occur and swept away the last vestiges of opposition to the Marshall Plan in the United States Congress.

This is a document about Marshall Plan
  under Prime Minister Clement Attlee was an enthusiastic participant. The American goals for the Marshall plan were to help rebuild the postwar British economy, help modernize the economy, and minimize trade barriers. When the Soviet Union refused to participate or allow its satellites to participate, the Marshall plan became an element of the emerging Cold War. There were political tensions between the two nations regarding Marshall plan requirements. London was dubious about Washington's emphasis on European economic integration as the solution to postwar recovery. Integration with Europe at this point would mean cutting close ties to the emerging Commonwealth. London tried to convince Washington

This is a document about France–Germany relations
  of a resurgent Germany made it reluctant to support the plan to merge the British and American zones of occupation. However growing anger at the Soviets behaviour in Poland, and the need for American economic assistance, led the French to merge their zone into what became West Germany. In 1947 the American Secretary of State, George Marshall announced the Marshall Plan to help economic recovery, economic integration, and business-oriented modernization in Europe. Large sums went to France and Germany, which helped restore trade and financial relations. The Marshall Plan recipients set up the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) in 1948.

This is a document about Aftermath of World War II
  At the end of the war, millions of people were dead and millions more homeless, the European economy had collapsed, and much of the European industrial infrastructure had been destroyed. The Soviet Union, too, had been heavily affected. In response, in 1947, U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall devised the "European Recovery Program", which became known as the Marshall Plan. Under the plan, during 1948–1952 the United States government allocated US$13 billion (US$ billion in dollars) for the reconstruction of the affected countries of Western Europe.

This is a document about GARIOA
  The first point in the US directive for the supply of food for civilian relief in Japan as adopted in the fall of 1945 and reconfirmed in 1946 read as follows: "a. The objectives of the relief policy of the United States are to prevent such starvation and widespread disease and civil unrest as would (1) clearly endanger the occupying forces, and (2) permanently obstruct the ultimate objectives of the occupation." To prevent "hunger and social unrest"; in fiscal year 1946 GARIOA grants to Japan were $92.63 million, in 1947 $287.33 million, in 1948 $351.40 million. In Western Europe the Marshall plan from 1948 onwards contributed to

This is a document about History of United States foreign policy
  From the late 1940s until 1991, world affairs were dominated by the Cold War, in which the U.S. and its allies faced the Soviet Union and its allies. There was no large-scale fighting but instead numerous regional wars as well as the ever-present threat of a catastrophic nuclear war. In 1948 the United States enacted the Marshall Plan, which supplied Western Europe—including Germany—with US$13 billion in reconstruction aid. Stalin vetoed any participation by East European nations. A similar program was operated by the United States to restore the Japanese economy. The U.S. actively sought allies, which it subsidized with military and economic "foreign

This is a document about Marshall Plan
  suspended this aid in response to the Dutch efforts to restore colonial rule in Indonesia during the Indonesian National Revolution, and it implicitly threatened to suspend Marshall aid to the Netherlands if the Dutch government continued to oppose the independence of Indonesia. At the time the United States was a significant oil producing nation—one of the goals of the Marshall Plan was for Europe to use oil in place of coal, but the Europeans wanted to buy crude oil and use the Marshall Plan funds to build refineries instead. However, when independent American oil companies complained, the ECA denied funds for European refinery construction.

This is a document about Aid
  Marshall Plan (and similar programs for Asia, and the Point Four program for Latin America) became the major American aid program, and became a model for its foreign aid policies for decades. The U.S. gave away about $20 billion in Marshall Plan grants and other grants and low-interest long-term loans to Western Europe, 1945 to 1951. Historian Michael J. Hogan argues that American aid was critical in stabilizing the economy and politics of Western Europe. It brought in modern management that dramatically increased productivity, and encouraged cooperation between labor and management, and among the member states. Local Communist parties were opposed, and they lost prestige and influence and a role in government. In strategic terms, says Hogan, the Marshall Plan strengthened the West against the possibility of a communist invasion

One goal of the Marshall Plan was to rebuild war-torn European economies and prevent the spread of communism in Western Europe.


Question: who played the invisible man in hotel transylvania

Answer: David Spade

This is a document about Griffin (The Invisible Man)
  In Genndy Tartakovsky's 2012 Sony Pictures Animation film Hotel Transylvania, Griffin the Invisible Man (voiced by David Spade) is one of the supporting character monsters who checks into Hotel Transylvania, and is among Count Dracula's (Adam Sandler) circle of friends. This version is completely invisible and his glasses are the only thing that can be seen in the movie. He is more outwardly, heroic and laid-back than his previous incarnations, which portray him as an aggressive, power-hungry psychopath. In one scene, Dracula makes a disparaging remark about people with red curly hair and Griffin takes offense to this saying that he has red curly hair, which is shown in Hotel Transylvania 4: Transformania.

This is a document about Griffin (The Invisible Man)
  the said fourth movie reveal he has been overweighted and balding for years after becoming an invisible mutate. David Spade reprised his role as Griffin, the Invisible Man, in the 2015 sequel Hotel Transylvania 2. He unsuccessfully tries to make his friends think he has an invisible girlfriend (and finds one in the end). Spade reprised the role again in the 2018 film Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation. Spade reprised his role again in Hotel Transylvania: Transformania. While he is confirmed to have red hair that was previously mentioned in the first film, it is shown that he is balding when Griffin was hit by the Monsterfication Ray that makes him visible.

This is a document about The Invisible Man in popular culture
  historical "monsters". It is mentioned repeatedly that he is usually naked, otherwise he would just look like floating clothing. In the third novel, a friend attempts to use modern cosmetics to make him visible, with limited success, but he ultimately goes back to being invisible once these techniques fail in a public setting. ; In the Hotel Transylvania film series, the character Invisible Man is a friend of Dracula and is one of the monsters that visit the hotel. His real name is Griffin and is voiced by David Spade. ; In Team Fortress 2 a set of clothes is wearable by

This is a document about Hotel Transylvania: Transformania
 Brian Hull as Count "Drac" Dracula, the founder of Hotel Transylvania and Mavis' father, Johnny's father-in-law, Vlad's son, and Dennis' maternal grandfather. He was originally voiced by Adam Sandler in the first three films. ; Andy Samberg as Jonathan "Johnny" Loughran, Mavis' husband, Dracula's son-in-law, and Dennis' father. ; Selena Gomez as Mavis Dracula, Johnny's wife, Dracula's daughter and Dennis' mother. ; Asher Blinkoff as Dennis, the dhampir son of Johnny and Mavis, and Dracula's grandson. ; Brad Abrell as Frankenstein, Eunice's husband. He was originally voiced by Kevin James in the first three films. ; Fran Drescher as Eunice, Frankenstein's wife. ; Kathryn Hahn as Ericka Van Helsing, Dracula's wife and the great-granddaughter of Abraham Van Helsing. ; Jim Gaffigan as Professor Abraham Van Helsing, a former monster hunter and Ericka's great-grandfather who invented the "Monsterfication Ray". ; Steve Buscemi as Wayne, a werewolf and Wanda's husband. ; Molly Shannon as Wanda, a werewolf and Wayne's wife. ; Keegan-Michael Key as Murray, an ancient mummy. ; David Spade as Griffin, an invisible man. ; Richard Tyler Blevins as Party Monster

This is a document about Hotel Transylvania (film)
  Hotel Transylvania is a 2012 American animated comedy film produced by Columbia Pictures and Sony Pictures Animation. The first installment in the Hotel Transylvania franchise, it was directed by Genndy Tartakovsky (in his directorial debut) from a screenplay by Peter Baynham and Robert Smigel and a story by Todd Durham, Dan Hageman, and Kevin Hageman. The film stars the voices of Adam Sandler, Andy Samberg, Selena Gomez, Kevin James, Fran Drescher, Steve Buscemi, Molly Shannon, David Spade and CeeLo Green. The film tells the story of Count Dracula, the owner of a hotel called Hotel Transylvania where the world's monsters can take a rest from human civilization. Dracula invites some of the most famous monsters to celebrate the 118th

This is a document about Hotel Transylvania (film)
  The sequel, titled Hotel Transylvania 2, was released on September 25, 2015. Its story takes place seven years after the first film, with the hotel now open to human guests, and its owner, Count Dracula, being more preoccupied with the fact that his 5-year-old grandson is not a pure-blood vampire. The original crew and cast returned for the film, except CeeLo Green as the role of Murray, who was replaced by Keegan-Michael Key. New additions include Mel Brooks as Dracula's father, Vlad; Nick Offerman and Megan Mullally as Jonathan's parents, Mike and Linda; and Asher Blinkoff as Mavis and Johnny's half-human/half-vampire son, Dennis.

This is a document about Hotel Transylvania 2
 Adam Sandler as Count "Drac" Dracula: Mavis' father, Jonathan's father-in-law, and Dennis' maternal grandfather. ; Andy Samberg as Jonathan "Johnny" Loughran: Mavis' husband, Dennis' father, and son-in-law of Dracula. ; Selena Gomez as Mavis Dracula: Johnny's vampire wife, Dennis' overprotective mother, and daughter of Count Dracula and his late wife Martha. ; Kevin James as Frankenstein: Drac's friend who hangs with Murray. ; David Spade as Griffin the Invisible Man ; Keegan-Michael Key as Murray: a mummy who hangs with Frank. He was originally voiced by CeeLo Green in the first film. ; Steve Buscemi as Wayne: a werewolf. ; Molly Shannon as Wanda:

This is a document about Hotel Transylvania: Transformania
  Hotel Transylvania: Transformania and was confirmed that it would be the final film of the series. That same month, Sony confirmed that Adam Sandler would not reprise his role as Dracula. The role was given to Brian Hull after voicing the character in the short film Monster Pets, while Kathryn Hahn, Steve Buscemi, David Spade, and Keegan-Michael Key were confirmed to reprise their roles. The following month, it was announced that Brad Abrell had replaced Kevin James as the voice of Frankenstein. Mark Mothersbaugh returned to score the film, having previously scored the first three installments, while Lynn Hobson served as editor.

This is a document about Griffin (The Invisible Man)
  (1944): Jon Hall stars as Robert Griffin / Invisible Man. Griffin is a madman who seeks revenge on those who have wronged him, and becomes invisible upon experimentation. ; Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948): Vincent Price reprises his role in a cameo appearance at the end of the film. ; Abbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man (1951): Arthur Franz stars as Tommy Nelson / Invisible Man. Nelson, a middleweight boxer, is framed for the murder of promoter. As he tries to clear himself of the crime, he gets the invisibility serum from a former colleague of Jack Griffin's. Claude Rains appears in a still-photograph, reprising his role as John "Jack" Griffin.

This is a document about Hotel Transylvania 2
  help him make Dennis a vampire, much to Mavis's dismay. Original voices from the first film — Adam Sandler, Andy Samberg, Selena Gomez, Kevin James, David Spade, Steve Buscemi, Molly Shannon, Fran Drescher, Rob Riggle, Sadie Sandler, Jonny Solomon, Luenell, Chris Parnell, and Jon Lovitz — returned for the sequel, with Keegan-Michael Key replacing CeeLo Green as Murray. New additions to the cast include Asher Blinkoff, Nick Offerman, Megan Mullally, Dana Carvey, and Mel Brooks. The film was released on September 25, 2015, by Sony Pictures Releasing under the Columbia Pictures label, grossing $474 million worldwide on an $80 million budget. The sequel, Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation, was released in July 2018.

This is a document about Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation
  highest-grossing film in the Hotel Transylvania series and Sony Pictures Animation's highest-grossing film worldwide to be completely animated. The sequel, Hotel Transylvania: Transformania, was scheduled to be released theatrically on October 1, 2021, with Brian Hull and Brad Abrell taking over the roles of Dracula and Frankenstein from Adam Sandler and Kevin James, respectively. On October 6, Sony Pictures Releasing sold the film's distribution rights to Amazon Studios for $100 million, due to rising cases of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in the United States, and set a release date of January 14, 2022, worldwide, excluding China, where Sony will handle a theatrical release.

This is a document about Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation
  Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation (released internationally as Hotel Transylvania 3: A Monster Vacation or simply Hotel Transylvania 3 as marketed on home release) is a 2018 American computer-animated monster comedy film produced by Sony Pictures Animation and distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing. The third installment in the Hotel Transylvania franchise and the sequel to Hotel Transylvania 2 (2015), it was directed by Genndy Tartakovsky and written by Tartakovsky and Michael McCullers, and features Adam Sandler, Andy Samberg, Selena Gomez, Kevin James, Fran Drescher, Steve Buscemi, Molly Shannon, Sadie Sandler, David Spade, Keegan-Michael Key, Joe Whyte, Asher Blinkoff, Chris Parnell and Mel Brooks reprising

This is a document about List of Hotel Transylvania characters
  Count "Drac" Dracula (voiced by Adam Sandler in the first three films, Brian Hull in Hotel Transylvania: Transformania, Brock Powell in Hotel Transylvania 3: Monsters Overboard, David Berni in the TV series' first season, Ivan Sherry in the TV series' second season) is based on the Count Dracula of lore. Although he is a Romanian-accented misanthropic vampire, he has no cravings for human blood, saying that he drinks a blood substitute and "you can't tell the difference". He also dislikes people implying he says "Bleh bleh bleh" all the time, as he only ever says it to state that he doesn't say it. In the third movie Drac is ranting and says "blah, blah, blah..." much to the astonishment of the

This is a document about Saul Andrew Blinkoff
 Hotel Transylvania 2 (credited as half-human/vampire infant Dennis) ; Taking Flight (Tony)

This is a document about Sergey Burunov
  Berger ; 2015 – Pixels as Sam Brenner ; 2015 – Hotel Transylvania 2 as Count "Drac" Dracula ; 2018 – Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation as Count "Drac" Dracula 2009 – Public Enemies as John Dillinger ; 2011 – The Tourist as Frank Tupelo ; 2012 – Dark Shadows as Barnabas Collins ; 2014 – Transcendence as Will Caster ; 2015 – Black Mass as Whitey Bulger ; 2018 – Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald as Gellert Grindelwald 2003 – How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days as Benjamin Barry ; 2006 – Failure to Launch as Tripp ; 2008 – Tropic Thunder as Rick

This is a document about List of Hotel Transylvania characters
  Jonathan "Johnny" Loughran (voiced by Andy Samberg in the films, Brian T. Stevenson in Hotel Transylvania 3: Monsters Overboard) is the first human inside Hotel Transylvania and falls in love with Count Dracula's daughter, Mavis. He always carries his backpack and shows a strong connection with it. By the end of the first movie he has already integrated into the hotel and is accepted by the clientele. He is portrayed as a good-natured and easy-going slacker. In the first movie, Johnny is lost while traveling in an area close to the hotel and follows a group of zombies to Hotel Transylvania. At first he thinks he's in a hostel and that everyone is wearing costumes, but he soon realizes that the monsters are real. Drac disguises him as "Johnnystein" and he begins to integrate, meeting and "zinging" with Mavis. After thinking that

This is a document about The Invisible Man (2020 film)
  Development of a new The Invisible Man film began as early as 2006 when David S. Goyer was hired to write the screenplay. Goyer remained attached to the project as late as 2011, with little to no further development on the film. In February 2016, the project was revived with Johnny Depp cast as the titular character and Ed Solomon writing the screenplay. It was revealed to be part of an intended cinematic universe featuring Universal Pictures' modern-day reboot of their classic monsters. The would-be film series was set to begin in 2017 with The Mummy, starring Tom Cruise, Sofia

This is a document about List of Hotel Transylvania characters
  Griffin (voiced by David Spade in the films) is an invisible man and the only thing that can be seen are his brown glasses, although it seems he forgets he's invisible, as seen when he is insulted when Dracula says he hates red curly hair (which he has, but was not aware of been progressively balding for years since becoming invisible). He also seems concerned with his appearance, as he becomes embarrassed when Wayne pulls his pants down. He is also seen preparing for Mavis' party in the first film. In the end of the second film, he bumps into a set of floating pink glasses, showing that he has found an "invisible woman". Griffin is seen driving the hotel's car when necessary.

This is a document about Bela Lugosi
  In Tim Burton's Ed Wood, Bela Lugosi is portrayed by Martin Landau, who received the 1994 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the performance. According to Bela G. Lugosi (his son), Forrest Ackerman, Dolores Fuller and Richard Sheffield, the film's portrayal of Lugosi is inaccurate: In real life, he never used profanity, owned small dogs, or slept in coffins. And contrary to this film, Bela did not struggle performing on The Red Skelton Show. Three Lugosi projects were featured on the television show Mystery Science Theater 3000. The 1942 film The Corpse Vanishes appeared in episode 105; the serial The Phantom Creeps appeared throughout season

This is a document about Hotel Transylvania (film)
 Adam Sandler as Count "Drac" Dracula: a vampire and the owner of the hotel and Mavis' overprotective father ; Andy Samberg as Jonathan "Johnny" Loughran: Mavis' love interest. ; Selena Gomez as Mavis Dracula: daughter of Count Dracula and late Martha and Jonathan's love interest. ; Sadie Sandler as young Mavis Dracula, and also plays Winnie ; Kevin James as Frankenstein: one of Dracula's best friends who acts as an uncle to Mavis and mostly hangs out with Murray. ; Steve Buscemi as Wayne: a male werewolf who is one of Dracula's best friends and Wanda's husband. ; CeeLo Green as Murray: a short, fat mummy who is one of Dracula's best friends and

David Spade voiced the character of Griffin, who is referred to as the Invisible Man in "Hotel Transylvania."


Question: who came up with positive and negative charges

Answer: Michael Faraday

This is a document about Natural science
  positive and negative charges on electrically charged particles. Faraday proposed that forces in nature operated in "fields" that filled space. The idea of fields contrasted with the Newtonian construct of gravitation as simply "action at a distance", or the attraction of objects with nothing in the space between them to intervene. James Clerk Maxwell in the 19th century unified these discoveries in a coherent theory of electrodynamics. Using mathematical equations and experimentation, Maxwell discovered that space was filled with charged particles that could act upon themselves and each other and that they were a medium for the transmission of charged waves. Significant advances in chemistry also took place during

This is a document about Electric charge
  du Fay said that the glass was charged with vitreous electricity, and, when amber was rubbed with fur, the amber was charged with resinous electricity. In contemporary understanding, positive charge is now defined as the charge of a glass rod after being rubbed with a silk cloth, but it is arbitrary which type of charge is called positive and which is called negative. Another important two-fluid theory from this time was proposed by Jean-Antoine Nollet (1745). Up until about 1745, the main explanation for electrical attraction and repulsion was the idea that electrified bodies gave off an effluvium. Benjamin Franklin started electrical experiments in late

This is a document about Timeline of electromagnetism and classical optics
  and develops the concept of an electrical potential (voltage). ; 1752 – Benjamin Franklin establishes the link between lightning and electricity by the flying a kite into a thunderstorm and transferring some of the charge into a Leyden jar and showed that its properties were the same as charge produced by an electrical machine. He is credited with utilizing the concepts of positive and negative charge in the explanation of then known electrical phenomenon. He theorized that there was an electrical fluid (which he proposed could be the luminiferous ether, which was used by others before and after him, to

This is a document about Electrostatics
  Electrostatic induction, discovered by British scientist John Canton in 1753 and Swedish professor Johan Carl Wilcke in 1762  is a redistribution of charges in an object caused by the electric field of a nearby charge. For example, if a positively charged object is brought near an uncharged metal object, the mobile negatively-charged electrons in the metal will be attracted by the external charge, and move to the side of the metal facing it, creating a negative charge on the surface. When the electrons move out of an area they leave a positive charge due to the metal atoms' nuclei, so the side of the metal object

This is a document about History of electrochemistry
  to materials such as metal wires or hempen string. They found that other materials, such as silk, would not convey the effect. By the mid-18th century, French chemist Charles François de Cisternay Du Fay had discovered two forms of static electricity, and that like charges repel each other while unlike charges attract. Du Fay announced that electricity consisted of two fluids: vitreous (from the Latin for "glass"), or positive, electricity; and resinous, or negative, electricity. This was the "two-fluid theory" of electricity, which was opposed by Benjamin Franklin's "one-fluid theory" later in the century. In 1745, Jean-Antoine Nollet developed a theory

This is a document about Fluid theory of electricity
  By the 18th century, one of a few theories explaining observed electrical phenomena was the two-fluid theory. This theory is generally attributed to Charles François de Cisternay du Fay. du Fay's theory suggested that electricity was composed of two liquids, which could flow through solid bodies. One liquid carried a positive charge, and the other a negative charge. When these two liquids came into contact with one another, they would produce a neutral charge. This theory dealt mainly with explaining electrical attraction and repulsion, rather than how an object could be charged or discharged. du Fay observed this while repeating an experiment created by Otto von Guericke, wherein a thin material, such as a feather or leaf, would repel a charged object after

This is a document about Electrochemistry
  electric spark was produced when a pad was rubbed against the ball as it rotated. The globe could be removed and used as source for experiments with electricity. By the mid—18th century the French chemist Charles François de Cisternay du Fay had discovered two types of static electricity, and that like charges repel each other whilst unlike charges attract. Du Fay announced that electricity consisted of two fluids: "vitreous" (from the Latin for "glass"), or positive, electricity; and "resinous," or negative, electricity. This was the two-fluid theory of electricity, which was to be opposed by Benjamin Franklin's one-fluid theory later in the

This is a document about Positron
  In 1928, Paul Dirac published a paper proposing that electrons can have both a positive and negative charge. This paper introduced the Dirac equation, a unification of quantum mechanics, special relativity, and the then-new concept of electron spin to explain the Zeeman effect. The paper did not explicitly predict a new particle but did allow for electrons having either positive or negative energy as solutions. Hermann Weyl then published a paper discussing the mathematical implications of the negative energy solution. The positive-energy solution explained experimental results, but Dirac was puzzled by the equally valid negative-energy solution that the mathematical model allowed. Quantum

This is a document about Electron
  charged fluids, and their interaction was governed by the inverse square law. After studying the phenomenon of electrolysis in 1874, Irish physicist George Johnstone Stoney suggested that there existed a "single definite quantity of electricity", the charge of a monovalent ion. He was able to estimate the value of this elementary charge e by means of Faraday's laws of electrolysis. However, Stoney believed these charges were permanently attached to atoms and could not be removed. In 1881, German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz argued that both positive and negative charges were divided into elementary parts, each of which "behaves like atoms of electricity". Stoney

This is a document about Experiments and Observations on Electricity
  that negative charges exist in their own right, not just as a deficiency of positive charges. It is an important principle in modern science that explains the microphysics of the electrification of gross bodies. In these letters, Franklin introduced technical words that we use today for things related to electricity such as plus, minus, positive, negative, charge, discharge, armature, electric shock, electrician, condenser, conductor, and battery. Franklin's first experiments explained in this first set of letters to Collinson that the Leyden jar, a type of capacitor, had equal and opposite charges on the inner and outer conductors. This was shown in illustrations in his

This is a document about Franklin's electrostatic machine
  Franklin's experiments with Leyden jars progressed to connecting several Leyden jars together in a series, with "one hanging on the tail of the other". All of the jars in the series could be charged simultaneously, which multiplied the electrical effect. A similar apparatus had been created earlier by Daniel Gralath. Franklin was the first to call the device an "electrical battery". At that time, the word "battery" was a military term for a group of cannons. Franklin was the first to use "positive" and "negative" as applied to electricity which is sometimes referred to as "plus" and "minus". Through his research, Franklin was among first to prove the electrical principal of conservation of charge in 1747: a similar discovery was made independently in 1746 by William Watson. Franklin wrote detailed letters and documents about his experiments with the electrostatic machine

This is a document about Electron
  electrical fluid, but a single electrical fluid showing an excess (+) or deficit (−). He gave them the modern charge nomenclature of positive and negative respectively. Franklin thought of the charge carrier as being positive, but he did not correctly identify which situation was a surplus of the charge carrier, and which situation was a deficit. Between 1838 and 1851, British natural philosopher Richard Laming developed the idea that an atom is composed of a core of matter surrounded by subatomic particles that had unit electric charges. Beginning in 1846, German physicist Wilhelm Eduard Weber theorized that electricity was composed of positively and

This is a document about Electronegativity
  act to shield the valence electrons from the positively charged nucleus). The term "electronegativity" was introduced by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1811, though the concept was known before that and was studied by many chemists including Avogadro. In spite of its long history, an accurate scale of electronegativity was not developed until 1932, when Linus Pauling proposed an electronegativity scale which depends on bond energies, as a development of valence bond theory. It has been shown to correlate with a number of other chemical properties. Electronegativity cannot be directly measured and must be calculated from other atomic or molecular properties. Several methods

This is a document about Electron
  of interest in fields such as chemistry and nuclear physics. The Coulomb force interaction between the positive protons within atomic nuclei and the negative electrons without, allows the composition of the two known as atoms. Ionization or differences in the proportions of negative electrons versus positive nuclei changes the binding energy of an atomic system. The exchange or sharing of the electrons between two or more atoms is the main cause of chemical bonding. In 1838, British natural philosopher Richard Laming first hypothesized the concept of an indivisible quantity of electric charge to explain the chemical properties of atoms. Irish physicist George Johnstone Stoney named this charge

This is a document about History of electromagnetic theory
  Benjamin Franklin promoted his investigations of electricity and theories through the famous, though extremely dangerous, experiment of having his son fly a kite through a storm-threatened sky. A key attached to the kite string sparked and charged a Leyden jar, thus establishing the link between lightning and electricity. Following these experiments, he invented a lightning rod. It is either Franklin (more frequently) or Ebenezer Kinnersley of Philadelphia (less frequently) who is considered to have established the convention of positive and negative electricity. Theories regarding the nature of electricity were quite vague at this period, and those prevalent were more or less conflicting. Franklin considered that

This is a document about Plum pudding model
  It had been known for many years that atoms contain negatively charged subatomic particles. Thomson called them "corpuscles" (particles), but they were more commonly called "electrons", the name which G. J. Stoney had coined for the "fundamental unit quantity of electricity" in 1891. It had also been known for many years that atoms have no net electric charge. Thomson held that atoms must also contain some positive charge that cancels out the negative charge of its electrons. Thomson published his proposed model in the March 1904 edition of the Philosophical Magazine, the leading British science journal of the day. In Thomson's view:

This is a document about Antiparticle
  holes were interpreted as "negative-energy electrons" by Paul Dirac and mistakenly identified  with protons in his 1930 paper A Theory of Electrons and Protons However, these "negative-energy electrons" turned out to be positrons, and not protons. This picture implied an infinite negative charge for the universe—a problem of which Dirac was aware. Dirac tried to argue that we would perceive this as the normal state of zero charge. Another difficulty was the difference in masses of the electron and the proton. Dirac tried to argue that this was due to the electromagnetic interactions with the sea, until Hermann Weyl proved that hole theory was completely symmetric between negative and positive charges. Dirac also predicted a reaction +  →  +, where an electron and a proton annihilate to give two

This is a document about 20th century in science
  by positive nuclear charge rather than atomic weight. In 1911, the first Solvay Conference was held in Brussels, bringing together most of the most prominent scientists of the day. In 1912, William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg proposed Bragg's law and established the field of X-ray crystallography, an important tool for elucidating the crystal structure of substances. In 1912, Peter Debye develops the concept of molecular dipole to describe asymmetric charge distribution in some molecules. In 1913, Niels Bohr, a Danish physicist, introduced the concepts of quantum mechanics to atomic structure by proposing what is now known as the Bohr model of the atom, where electrons

This is a document about History of electromagnetic theory
  Around 1784 C. A. Coulomb devised the torsion balance, discovering what is now known as Coulomb's law: the force exerted between two small electrified bodies varies inversely as the square of the distance, not as Aepinus in his theory of electricity had assumed, merely inversely as the distance. According to the theory advanced by Cavendish, "the particles attract and are attracted inversely as some less power of the distance than the cube."'' A large part of the domain of electricity became virtually annexed by Coulomb's discovery of the law of inverse squares. Through the experiments of William Watson and others proving that electricity could

This is a document about Technological and industrial history of the United States
   Benjamin Franklin pioneered the study of electricity by being the first to describe positive and negative charges, as well as advancing the principle of conservation of charge. Franklin is best known for the apocryphal feat of flying a kite in thunderstorm to prove that lightning is a form of electricity which, in turn, led to the invention of the lightning rod to protect buildings. Electricity would remain a novelty through the early to mid 19th century but advances in battery storage, generating, and lighting would turn it into a domestic business. By the late 1870s and early 1880 central generating plants supplying power to arc

The concept of positive and negative charges was developed by Benjamin Franklin in the 18th century. He used a kite and a lightning rod to establish the link between lightning and electricity, and he proposed the existence of two types of charges, which he named positive and negative. However, it's important to note that the understanding of electricity and the nature of charges continued to evolve over time, with other scientists such as Charles Coulomb and Michael Faraday making significant contributions to the field.


Question: who died in the hound of the baskervilles

Answer: Sir Charles Baskerville

This is a document about The Hound of the Baskervilles (1959 film)
  In London, Dr. Richard Mortimer asks Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson to investigate the death of his friend Sir Charles Baskerville, in Dartmoor, found dead by heart failure, lying in the moor surrounding his estate, Baskerville Hall. Mortimer believes that his good friend had been scared to death by the vision of a ghost hound, the same that centuries before killed Sir Charles' ancestor, the devilish Sir Hugo, and relates the story of the "curse of the Baskervilles", portrayed in a flashback scene. Mortimer tells Holmes that he also fears for the life of Sir Henry Baskerville, Sir Charles' heir, who's

This is a document about The Hound of the Baskervilles (1978 film)
  over Sir Henry, whilst Mr. Stapleton's chihuahua urinates in Watson's soup. Ordered to leave in disgrace, the Stapletons, Dr. Mortimer, Mr. Frankland, and his daughter Mary follow Sir Henry and Watson to kill them, but become trapped in a quagmire. Holmes then proceeds to reveal that the Hound is no more than a large, rather friendly Irish wolfhound owned by the late Sir Charles Baskerville, whose excited barking was misinterpreted as a monstrous beast. He also states that the dog is the sole heir of Sir Charles. With the dog gone, the would-be murderers would have gained the Baskerville fortune and the estate. The film ends on the pianist, who is then hit by vegetables from the audience.

This is a document about The Hound of the Baskervilles (1939 film)
  when the hound is finally sent to kill Sir Henry Baskerville, Holmes and Watson arrive to save him just in time. They kill the hound. Stapleton then traps Holmes down in the hound's underground kennel, and sends Watson into the moor to meet Holmes. Holmes cuts his way out of the kennel and returns to the house and destroys the poison that Stapleton had just given to the wounded Baskerville. Stapleton pulls a gun and flees. Holmes says ominously, "He won't get very far. I've posted constables along the roads and the only other way is across the Grimpen Mire." Holmes is praised for his work on the case, and he turns in.

This is a document about The Hound of the Baskervilles (1939 film)
  Sherlock Holmes and Dr. John H. Watson receive a visit from Dr. James Mortimer, who wishes to consult them before the arrival of Sir Henry Baskerville, the last of the Baskervilles, heir to the Baskerville estate in Devonshire. Dr Mortimer is anxious about letting Sir Henry go to Baskerville Hall, owing to a supposed family curse. He tells Holmes and Watson the legend of the Hound of the Baskervilles, a demonic dog that first killed Sir Hugo Baskerville several hundred years ago (seen in flashback) and is believed to kill all Baskervilles in the region of Devonshire. Holmes dismisses it as a fairy tale, but Mortimer narrates the events of the recent death of

This is a document about The Hound of the Baskervilles (1939 film)
  best friend, Sir Charles Baskerville, Sir Henry's uncle. Although he was found dead in his garden without any trace of physical damage, Sir Charles's face was distorted as if he died in utter terror, from heart failure. He alone had noticed footprints at some distance from the body when it was found; they were the paw marks of a gigantic hound. Holmes decides to send Watson to Baskerville Hall along with Sir Henry, claiming that he is too busy to accompany them himself. Sir Henry quickly develops a romantic interest in Beryl Stapleton, the step-sister of his neighbour Jack Stapleton, a local naturalist. Meanwhile, a homicidal maniac named Selden, escaped from Dartmoor Prison, lurks

This is a document about List of fictional railway stations
 Grimpen – The Hound of the Baskervilles

This is a document about The Hound of the Baskervilles
   Dr James Mortimer calls on Sherlock Holmes in London for advice after his friend Sir Charles Baskerville was found dead in the yew alley of his manor on Dartmoor in Devon. The death was attributed to a heart attack, but according to Mortimer, Sir Charles's face retained an expression of horror, and not far from the corpse the footprints of a gigantic hound were clearly visible. According to an old legend, a curse runs in the Baskerville family since the time of the English Civil War, when a Hugo Baskerville abducted and caused the death of a maiden on the moor, only to be killed in turn

This is a document about The Sittaford Mystery
  spirit tells them that Captain Trevelyan is dead. The roads being impassible to vehicles, Major Burnaby announces his intention to go to the village on foot to check on his friend, where he appears to find the prediction has come true. Emily Trefusis, engaged to Trevelyan's nephew, uncovers the mystery along with the police. The novel was well-received, with praise for the character Miss Emily Trefusis. The references to Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, no longer alive when the book was published, and the elements of the setting that hearken to The Hound of the Baskervilles (published in 1902) were also noted and appreciated.

This is a document about The Hound of the Baskervilles (1983 film)
  Dr. Grimesby Roylott in "The Adventure of the Speckled Band". ; Laura Lyons dies in the film, strangled by the murderer to protect his identity. She does not die in the novel. ; Stapleton's demise in the bog is included as a part of the film's climax. He ambushes Holmes, Watson and Beryl outside the Hound's lair, but is chased by Holmes into the moor; he stumbles into the mire and sinks to his doom, despite Holmes' attempts to save him. The novel does not depict Stapleton's demise; he simply disappears on the moor and is assumed to have drowned in the mire.

This is a document about Victor & Hugo: Bunglers in Crime
  A small dog played a very important role in most episodes; at various points, often when the plot appeared to be flagging, the dog would run up one of Victor's trouser legs, remove his boxer shorts and run off with them down his other leg. This running gag also appeared at the end of most episodes (prefaced by the statement by a glum Victor that "At least in here, nothing else can possibly go wrong!") - and Hugo particularly enjoyed the dog's appearances, often muttering "good doggie!". In production material from the now-demolished Cosgrove Hall studio, the dog's name is given as Baskerville (as in the Sherlock Holmes tale The Hound of the Baskervilles), although, he was never referred to as such on screen; one episode that he is known never to appear in is the eighth one, "The Case of the Vose Vase", but he also does not appear in the eleventh episode, "Escort Red-Handed" (which was the first to feature Hawkeye Soames and Dr. Potson).

This is a document about The Hound of the Baskervilles
  The Hound of the Baskervilles is the third of the four crime novels written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle featuring the detective Sherlock Holmes. Originally serialised in The Strand Magazine from August 1901 to April 1902, it is set largely on Dartmoor in Devon in England's West Country and tells the story of an attempted murder inspired by the legend of a fearsome, diabolical hound of supernatural origin. Sherlock Holmes and his companion Dr. Watson investigate the case. This was the first appearance of Holmes since his apparent death in "The Final Problem", and the success of The Hound of the Baskervilles led to the character's eventual revival. One of the most famous stories ever written, in 2003, the book was listed as number 128 of 200 on the BBC's The Big Read poll of the UK's "best-loved novel". In 1999, it was listed as the top Holmes novel, with a perfect rating from Sherlockian scholars of 100.

This is a document about The Hounds of Baskerville
  "The Hounds of Baskerville" is the second episode of the second series of the BBC crime drama series Sherlock, which follows the modern-day adventures of Sherlock Holmes, and was first broadcast by BBC One on 8 January 2012. It was written by co-creator Mark Gatiss, who also portrays Mycroft Holmes, Sherlock's brother in the series, and was directed by Paul McGuigan. The episode is a contemporary adaptation of The Hound of the Baskervilles, one of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's most famous works. In the episode, Sherlock (Benedict Cumberbatch) and his crime-solving partner John Watson (Martin Freeman) take on the case of Henry Knight (Russell Tovey), who 20 years earlier witnessed the brutal

This is a document about The Real Inspector Hound
  of the critics and begin to comment on the onstage action, mockingly echoing the pompous manner the critics displayed previously. Major Magnus accuses Moon of being the madman, since he is not the real Inspector Hound, and he tries to run but Magnus shoots him. As Moon lies dying on the floor, Magnus reveals himself to not only be the real Inspector Hound but also Cynthia's lost husband, Albert, who had disappeared ten years earlier. Moon, however, also recognises him as third-string critic Puckeridge, who will now become the first-string as both Higgs and Moon are out of the way.

This is a document about List of fictional baronets
 Sir Buckstone Abbott, P. G. Wodehouse's Summer Moonshine ; Sir Anthony Absolute, Sheridan's The Rivals ; Sir Michael Audley, Mary Elizabeth Braddon's Lady Audley's Secret ; Sir Charles Baskerville and Sir Henry Baskerville, Sir Arthur Conan-Doyle's The Hound of the Baskervilles ; Sir Paul Berowne, P.D. James's A Taste for Death ; Sir Thomas Bertram, Jane Austen's Mansfield Park ; Sir Severus Blake, Downton Abbey ; Sir Percy Blakeney, The Scarlet Pimpernel ; Sir Hilary Bray, On Her Majesty's Secret Service ; Sir John Bullock, Downton Abbey ; Sir Felix Carbury, Anthony Trollope's  The Way We Live Now ; Sir Clifford Chatterley, D.H. Lawrence's Lady Chatterley's Lover

This is a document about Sherlock Holmes (1965 TV series)
  Lestrade was replaced by Inspector Lanner and John Turner died immediately after confessing the truth ; The Blue Carbuncle- Henry Baker was renamed Harold Baker to create a comical effect on Holmes' deduction. This series is rewarded as being the first attempt at producing a faithful rendition of Sherlock Holmes. Since the 1951 mini-series is lost, nothing is known about its faithfulness. The Hound of the Baskervilles is seen as being more accurate in the depiction of the plot in general. Despite that, following changes were made for dramatization so that the narrative remains constant:  The changes made in absolutely lost episodes are unknown.

This is a document about The Hound of the Baskervilles
  her to lure Sir Charles out of his house by night, in order to frighten him with the apparition of the legendary hound. Beryl is indeed Jack's legitimate wife, abused and forced into posing as his sister to seduce Sir Henry and expose him also to the fangs of the hound, since Stapleton is in fact a descendant of the Baskervilles wanting to claim their inheritance. Meanwhile, the hound is set on to a man thought to be Sir Henry, but Barrymore had given the former's clothes to Selden, his brother-in-law, who dies in his place. Unfortunately the collected evidence is not enough for a jury

This is a document about The Hound of the Baskervilles
  condemn Stapleton, so Holmes decides to use young Baskerville as bait to catch the criminal red-handed. Sir Henry will accept an invitation to Stapleton's house and will walk back alone after dark, giving his enemy every chance to unleash the hound on him. Holmes and Watson pretend to leave Dartmoor by train, but instead they hide near Stapleton's house with Inspector Lestrade of Scotland Yard. Despite the dark and a thick fog, Holmes and Watson are able to kill the fearsome beast as soon as it attacks the designated victim, while Stapleton, in his panicked flight from the scene, is presumed to drown in the mire.

This is a document about Thomas Baskerville (general)
  Amiens but died of a fever at Picquigny, on 4 June 1597. He was returned to England and was buried in the area of the new choir of Old St Paul's Cathedral. His grave and monument was destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666. He is listed on a modern monument in the crypt as one of the important graves lost in the fire. Shortly before his death, he had purchased the manors of Sunningwell and Bayworth in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire), where his widow – Mary, daughter of Sir Thomas Throckmorton of Tortworth in Gloucestershire – lived and was buried. He left a son, Hannibal Baskerville.

This is a document about The Hound of the Baskervilles
   Sir Arthur Conan Doyle wrote this story shortly after returning to his home Undershaw from South Africa, where he had worked as a volunteer physician at the Langman Field Hospital in Bloemfontein during the Second Boer War. He had not written about Sherlock Holmes in eight years, having killed off the character in the 1893 story "The Final Problem". Although The Hound of the Baskervilles is set before the latter events, two years later Conan Doyle brought Holmes back for good, explaining in "The Adventure of the Empty House" that Holmes had faked his own death. He was assisted with the legend of the hound and local colour by a Daily Express journalist named Bertram Fletcher Robinson (1870–1907), with whom he explored Dartmoor in June, 1901, and to whom a 1⁄3 royalty which amounted to over 500 pounds by the end of 1901.

This is a document about The Hound of the Baskervilles (1959 film)
  appears and attacks Sir Henry. Stapleton attacks Watson with the legendary curved dagger used by Sir Hugo, but Watson shoots and wounds him. Holmes shoots the dog which then turns on Stapleton and mauls him to death. Cecile flees, after Holmes kills the beast revealing it to be a Great Dane wearing a hideous mask to make it look more terrifying. Cecile tries to escape across the moor, only to fall into the Grimpen Mire where she sinks to her death in the mud. Sir Henry can now claim his inheritance in peace, and Holmes and Watson return to London.

Sir Charles Baskerville died before the events of the story, but he is killed by the hound of the Baskervilles in the 1939 film adaptation.


Question: when does braxton family values season 5 start

Answer: May 19 , 2016

This is a document about Braxton Family Values (season 5)
  A teaser trailer revealing the renewal of Braxton Family Values season 5 was released on April 21, 2016, via WE tv's YouTube channel. The season premiered with "Not My Momma!" on May 19, 2016. The season went on a seven-month hiatus in August, 2016. On February 2, 2017, Towanda Braxton released a tea party themed teaser on her Instagram account announcing the series would continue on March 16, 2017, for its sixteenth episode.

This is a document about Braxton Family Values (season 5)
  The fifth season of Braxton Family Values, an American reality television series, broadcast on WE tv. It premiered on May 19, 2016, and was primarily filmed in Atlanta, Georgia and Los Angeles, California. Its executive producers are Toni Braxton, Tamar Braxton, Vincent Herbert, Dan Cutforth, Jane Lipsitz, Julio Kollerbohm, Michelle Kongkasuwan, Lauren Gellert, Annabelle McDonald and Sitarah Pendelton. Braxton Family Values focuses on the lives of Toni Braxton and her sisters — Tamar, Traci, Towanda, and Trina — plus their mother, Evelyn.

This is a document about Braxton Family Values (season 3)
  Braxton Family Values was officially renewed for its third season in July 2012, announced by WE tv. A teaser trailer for the season was released on WE tv's YouTube channel on February 28, 2013. The third season returned on November 14, 2013, following its four-month hiatus.

This is a document about Braxton Family Values (season 4)
  Braxton Family Values was officially renewed for its fourth season on March 20, 2014, announced by WE tv. A teaser trailer was released on July 1, 2014, on WE tv's YouTube channel. The season premiered with "Bright Lights, Big Breakdowns" on August 14, 2014. The season went on a seven-month hiatus before returning on May 21, 2015, for its eleventh episode. The twenty-sixth episode "Making Fetch Happen" served as the season finale, airing on September 3, 2015. It was followed by a two-part special "Braxton Family Secrets" that aired on November 5, and November 12, 2015, which marked the conclusion of the season.

This is a document about Braxton Family Values (season 7)
  The seventh season of Braxton Family Values, an American reality television series, is broadcast on WE tv. It premiered on November 5, 2020, and was primarily filmed in Atlanta, Georgia and Los Angeles, California. Its executive producers are Toni Braxton, Dan Cutforth, Jane Lipsitz, Julio Kollerbohm, Michelle Kongkasuwan, Lauren Gellert, Annabelle McDonald, and Sitarah Pendleton. Braxton Family Values focuses on the lives of Toni Braxton and her sisters — Traci, Towanda, Trina, and Tamar, — plus their mother, Evelyn.

This is a document about Braxton Family Values
  to its hiatus, with Traci discovering that her husband may have cheated on her. Trina facing her own marital troubles and makes the decision to file for a divorce from her husband. Towanda is in celebration mode as she approaches a milestone birthday. Toni is in the midst of a career rebirth as she finishes up her new album "Love Marriage & Divorce" with Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds and prepares for her first tour in over five years. Tamar has launched her album Love and War, her tour, and taking care of her newborn son. Season 3 averaged 1.4 million viewers. On March 20, 2014, WE tv announced the fourth season renewal of Braxton Family Values. Season 4 consisted of 26 episodes and premiered on August 14, 2014. On May 19,

This is a document about Braxton Family Values (season 6)
  The sixth season of Braxton Family Values, an American reality television series, was broadcast on WE tv. It premiered on March 22, 2018, and was primarily filmed in Atlanta, Georgia and Los Angeles, California. Its executive producers are Toni Braxton, Tamar Braxton, Dan Cutforth, Jane Lipsitz, Julio Kollerbohm, Michelle Kongkasuwan, Lauren Gellert, Annabelle McDonald, and Sitarah Pendleton. Braxton Family Values focuses on the lives of Toni Braxton and her sisters — Tamar, Traci, Towanda, and Trina — and their mother, Evelyn.

This is a document about Braxton Family Values (season 2)
  Braxton Family Values was officially renewed for its second season on March 10, 2011, announced by WE tv.

This is a document about List of Braxton Family Values episodes
  Braxton Family Values is an American reality television series that airs on WE tv and premiered on April 12, 2011. It chronicles the lives of Braxton sisters — Toni, Tamar, Traci, Towanda, and Trina — plus their mother, Evelyn.

This is a document about Braxton Family Values (season 1)
  The first season of Braxton Family Values, an American reality television series, was broadcast on WE tv. The series aired from April 12, 2011 until June 14, 2011, consisting of 11 episodes.

This is a document about Braxton Family Values (season 4)
  The fourth season of Braxton Family Values, an American reality television series, was broadcast on WE tv. The series aired from August 14, 2014 until November 12, 2015, consisting of 28 episodes. Its executive producers were Toni Braxton, Tamar Braxton, Vincent Herbert, Dan Cutforth, Jane Lipsitz, Julio Kollerbohm, Michelle Kongkasuwan, Lauren Gellert, Annabelle McDonald and Sitarah Pendelton. Braxton Family Values focuses on the lives of Toni Braxton and her sisters — Tamar, Traci, Towanda, and Trina — plus their mother, Evelyn. The season received generally favorable reviews from critics and was the most watched season with 1.5 million total viewers, up 8% compared to the previous seasons.

This is a document about Braxton Family Values
  Braxton Family Values (abbreviated BFV) is an American reality television series that airs on WE tv and premiered on April 12, 2011. It chronicles the lives of the Braxton sisters—Toni, Traci, Towanda, Trina and Tamar—plus their mother, Evelyn. Braxton Family Values has received favorable reviews from critics and has been recognized as a "guilty pleasure" by several media outlets. The fourth season was the most watched season with 1.5 million total viewers, up 8% compared to the previous seasons. The show's spin-off series, Tamar & Vince, premiered on September 20, 2012.

This is a document about Braxton Family Values (season 6)
  On July 19, 2017, Trina Braxton said in a radio interview with ET Cali that they had just started filming the sixth season of Braxton Family Values. On December 20, 2017, Traci Braxton revealed on Instagram that the sixth season of BFV is "coming real soon". On December 28, 2017, We TV aired the seventh and last episode of the fifth season of Tamar & Vince and released a teaser clip for the next season of BFV. On June 27, 2018, it was reported that BFV would go on an indefinite hiatus after Toni, Towanda, Trina, Tamar, and Evelyn did not show up to film in Atlanta due to being underpaid. On July 19, 2018, WE tv announced that the remainder of the season would begin to air on August 16, 2018. After a family sit-down with Iyanla Vanzant, all five sisters returned to filming. The final ten episodes of Season 6 began airing in April 2019. Tamar appeared in 19 episodes out of 26 this season. Reality television stars Natalie Nunn, Phaedra Parks, and Tiffany Pollard made guest appearances on this season. Comedian Luenell, actress Kim Whitley, and rapper Flavor Flav also made guest appearances.

This is a document about List of Finding Your Roots episodes
  The series was renewed for a fifth season which premiered on January 8, 2019.

This is a document about Braxton Family Values (season 2)
  The second season of Braxton Family Values, an American reality television series, was broadcast on WE tv. The series aired from November 10, 2011 until September 20, 2012, consisting of 26 episodes.

This is a document about Braxton Family Values
  the fifth season aired to We tv. On May 12, 2017, Tamar Braxton announced in an interview with Billboard the series would return with a sixth season. On June 27, 2018, it was reported that the show would go on an indefinite hiatus during the filming of the remainder of the sixth season after Toni, Towanda, Trina, Tamar, and Evelyn did not show up to film in Atlanta due to being underpaid. On July 19, 2018, WE tv announced that the remainder of the sixth season would begin airing on August 16, 2018. The show was renewed for a seventh season, which premiered on November 5, 2020, on WE tv. In October 2021, Tamar Braxton confirmed the series would be returning for an eighth season but on another, unannounced network.

This is a document about Braxton Family Values
  In January 2011, WE tv confirmed that it had signed Toni Braxton for a reality series, entitled Braxton Family Values, which is marketed as one of the network's flagship shows. In its first four airings, Braxton Family Values averaged a 0.63 household rating, attracting 350,000 women in the 18–49 demographic, three times WE tv's average in the Tuesday 9 pm slot. This led the network to renew the series for a 13 episode second season. In July 2011, WE tv ordered additional episodes for season two—bringing the season total to 26 episodes. In July 2012, WE tv renewed the show for a third season that debuted on March 14, 2013. The third season returned on November 14, 2013. The second half of season three resumes where the series left off

This is a document about Braxton Family Values (season 3)
  The third season of Braxton Family Values, an American reality television series, was broadcast on WE tv. The series aired from March 14, 2013 until February 20, 2014, consisting of 26 episodes. Its executive producers were Toni Braxton, Tamar Braxton, Vincent Herbert, Dan Cutforth, Jane Lipsitz, Julio Kollerbohm, Michelle Kongkasuwan, Lauren Gellert, Annabelle McDonald and Sitarah Pendelton. Season 3 averaged 1.4 million viewers.

This is a document about Summer House (2017 TV series)
  five due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Rather than traveling back and forth between New York City and the Hamptons each weekend, the cast lived together and worked from home in the Hamptons for a full six weeks while filming occurred. The fifth season premiered on February 4, 2021 with Cooke, Hubbard, Radke, Batula, Desorbo, Berner, Olivera, and Gulbranson returning as well as new cast member Ciara Miller. On December 8, 2021 season 6 was announced with Cooke, Hubbard, Radke, Batula, Desorbo, Olivera, Gulbranson and Miller returning. Hannah Berner will not. New housemates include Andrea Denver of Winter House, Mya Allen and Alex Wach. Southern Charm's Austen Kroll and Craig Conover will also guest.

This is a document about Trina Braxton
 2011–present: Braxton Family Values (as herself, 2011–present) ; 2018–2020: Sister Circle (co-host, as herself)

The fifth season of "Braxton Family Values" premiered on May 19, 2016.