Question: who wrote the song lord you gave me a mountain

Answer: Marty Robbins

This is a document about You Gave Me a Mountain
  "You Gave Me a Mountain" (sometimes credited as "Lord, You Gave Me a Mountain") is a song written by country singer-songwriter Marty Robbins during the 1960s. It has been recorded by many artists, including Robbins himself, but the highest-charting version of the song was by Frankie Laine in 1969. This version was included on Laine's album of the same name.

This is a document about Frankie Laine
  hits followed including "Making Memories", "You Wanted Someone to Play With", "Laura (What's He Got That I Ain't Got)", "To Each His Own", "I Found You", and "Lord, You Gave Me A Mountain" (which was written by Marty Robbins). The last song was a number one hit on the adult contemporary chart (#24 national), and proved that Laine was as big a hit-maker as ever. His last single to hit the Billboard Hot 100 chart (peaking at No. 86 national) was "Dammit Isn't God's Last Name". Seeking greater artistic freedom, Laine left ABC for the much smaller Amos Records, where he cut two albums in a modern, rock-influenced vein. The first album contained contemporary versions of his greatest hits, such as "Your

This is a document about Marty Robbins
  song's composer, Pete Townshend, explained that the song is about God deciding to create the universe just so he can hear some music, "and most of all, one of his best creations, Marty Robbins." The Beasts of Bourbon released a song called "The Day Marty Robbins Died" on their 1984 debut album The Axeman's Jazz. Both Frankie Laine and Elvis Presley, among others, recorded versions of Robbins' song "You Gave Me a Mountain", with Laine's recording reaching the pop and adult contemporary charts in 1969. Though Elvis never recorded any of Robbins' songs in the studio, he was a big fan and recorded

This is a document about You Gave Me a Mountain
  Robbins recorded a version of his song, and although it wasn't released as a single, it is included on his 1969 album It's a Sin as well as some of his "greatest hits" compilation albums. Country music singer Johnny Bush also recorded a version of this song in 1969, and his version reached #7 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart that year. Also recording this song was Elvis Presley, who performed the song at his 1973 Honolulu concert Aloha from Hawaii being included on the subsequent live album Aloha from Hawaii: Via Satellite. Presley's version was included in many of his other releases throughout the 1970s. Other artists who have recorded versions of "You Gave Me a Mountain" or performed it live include Don McLean, Eddy Arnold, Ray Price, Jerry Vale, Margie Singleton, Gene Watson, Jim Nabors, Dean Martin and Christer Sjögren.

This is a document about What the World Needs Now Is Love
  Co-songwriter Burt Bacharach revealed in his 2014 autobiography that this song had among the most difficult lyrics Hal David ever wrote, despite being deceptively simple as a pop hit. He explained that they had the main melody and chorus written back in 1962, centering around a waltz tempo, but it took another two years for David to finally come up with the lyric, "Lord, we don't need another mountain." Once David worked out the verses, Bacharach said the song essentially "wrote itself" and they finished it in a day or two. The song's success caught the two songwriters completely by surprise, since they were very aware of the controversy and disagreements among Americans about the Vietnam War, which was the subtext for David's lyrics. Bacharach has continuously used the song as the intro and finale for most of his live concert appearances well into the 2000s.

This is a document about You Gave Me a Mountain
  In Laine's autobiography That Lucky Old Son, he stated that, "Marty Robbins once told me that he'd been trying to bring 'You Gave Me a Mountain' to my attention for several years before he finally succeeded in November 1968. I wish he'd been quicker about it. There were many times in the mid-60s when I longed for a song of its quality." The lyrics to the song detail a series of challenges that the singer has endured in his life, including the death of his mother while giving birth to him, Deprived of the love of his father was like time

This is a document about Johnny Bush
  A series of regional hits on the Stop label, including "You Gave Me a Mountain" (penned by Marty Robbins), "Undo the Right" (penned by Willie Nelson and Hank Cochran), "What A Way To Live", and "I'll Be There" soon followed. Rock critic Robert Christgau said that Bush's version of "You Gave Me A Mountain" "brings a catch to the throat and a tear to the eye." These songs did well in Bush's native Texas, and reached the national top 20. In 1972, he was signed to RCA Records whose Nashville division was headed by legendary guitarist Chet Atkins. His first RCA single, "Whiskey River" was climbing the charts with airplay on countless radio stations when his voice began faltering. Bush even felt he was being punished

This is a document about My Sweet Lord
  "My Sweet Lord" is a song by English musician George Harrison, released in November 1970 on his triple album All Things Must Pass. It was also released as a single, Harrison's first as a solo artist, and topped charts worldwide; it was the biggest-selling single of 1971 in the UK. In America and Britain, the song was the first number-one single by an ex-Beatle. Harrison originally gave the song to his fellow Apple Records artist Billy Preston to record; this version, which Harrison co-produced, appeared on Preston's Encouraging Words album in September 1970. Harrison wrote "My Sweet Lord" in praise of the Hindu

This is a document about Holy Mountain (song)
  "Holy Mountain" is a song by English rock band Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds. Written by frontman Noel Gallagher, it was released on 9 October 2017 as the first single from the band's third studio album Who Built the Moon? (2017). The song features Paul Weller playing organ.

This is a document about Billy Rush Masters
  Billy Rush Masters (September 15, 1950 – July 2, 1981) was an American composer, and rock guitarist. He is best known as a songwriter and founding member of the pioneering Jesus music and contemporary Christian music band, The Archers between 1970 and 1977. His hits included “God’s Love,” “Thank You Lord Jesus,” “Music (He Brings A New Song),” “Brand New Day,” and “Fresh Surrender,” which was nominated for a GMA Dove Award in 1977. He was born William Rush Masters at St. Francis Hospital in Wichita, Kansas to Allan Rush Masters an aerospace engineer and Marjorie Suzanne Schuelke. He has one sibling, Pamela Masters Guzman. He grew up in the San Francisco Bay

This is a document about Lee Roy Abernathy
  Abernathy's first musical experience came with his father’s group, the Atco Quartet, at the age of five. His parents instilled a love for quartet music and the tradition of gospel singing conventions, where he learned to read shape notes. He was able to sing harmony with the quartet while standing on a Coca-Cola crate. He studied music under James D. Vaughan, J. M. Henson, and Adger M. Pace. In the 1930s, he founded the Modern Mountaineers, performing live on Atlanta's WSB (AM). In 1936, he wrote "Good Times Are Coming Soon," a reelection campaign song for President Franklin D. Roosevelt. He wrote many gospel songs, including "He’s A Personal Savior", "A Newborn Feeling", and "I Thank My Savior for It All", but his signature song was "A Wonderful Time Up There". Some pastors objected to its jazz beat, which influenced the early career of Elvis Presley. Abernathy disregarded

This is a document about Billy Edd Wheeler
  Billy Edward "Edd" Wheeler (born December 9, 1932, Boone County, West Virginia, United States) is an American songwriter, performer, writer, and visual artist. His songs include "Jackson" (Grammy award winner for Johnny Cash and June Carter) "The Reverend Mr. Black", "Desert Pete", "Ann", "High Flyin' Bird", "The Coming of the Roads", "It’s Midnight", "Ode to the Little Brown Shack Out Back", "Coal Tattoo", "Winter Sky", and "Coward of the County" (which inspired a 1981 television movie of the same name) and have been performed by over 160 artists including Judy Collins, Jefferson Airplane, Bobby Darin, The Kingston Trio, Neil Young, Kenny Rogers, Hazel Dickens, Florence and the Machine, Kathy Mattea, Nancy Sinatra, and Elvis Presley. "Jackson" was also recorded by Joaquin Phoenix and

This is a document about Dave Carter
  Dave Carter's songs have been covered by many others, most notably by Judy Collins and Willie Nelson ("When I Go"), Joan Baez ("The Mountain"), Lucy Kaplansky ("Cowboy Singer") and Chris Smither ("Crocodile Man"). Tributes to Dave following his death were written by Tracy Grammer ("The Verdant Mile") and Richard Shindell ("So Says the Whippoorwill"), among others. One song, "Gentle Arms of Eden", was added to the hymnal in at least one Unitarian Universalist congregation. More of Carter's songs were recorded by Tracy Grammer on her 2005 album Flower of Avalon.

This is a document about High on the Mountain Top
  "High on the Mountain Top" is an 1850s hymn written by Latter Day Saint hymn writers Joel H. Johnson and Ebenezer Beesley. Originally named "Deseret", it is hymn number 5 in the current LDS Church hymnal. The lyrics to the hymn were written by Johnson in 1853, five years after Brigham Young preached on Ensign Peak as the Mormon pioneers first arrived in the Salt Lake Valley. Even though Johnson's journal contains more than 700 hymns, "High on the Mountain Top" is his most notable contribution to LDS music. In 1854, Beesley composed music to accompany Johnson's poem. The Mormon Tabernacle Choir adopted Beesley's rendition and it has since become one of the choir's standard numbers. The hymn has five verses and centers on the theme that God has restored the gospel to the earth.

This is a document about Sugar Mountain (song)
  "Sugar Mountain" is a song by Canadian folk rock singer and composer Neil Young. Young composed the song on November 12, 1964—his 19th birthday—at the Victoria Hotel in Fort William, Ontario (now Thunder Bay), where he had been touring with his Winnipeg band the Squires. Its lyrics are reminiscences about his youth in Winnipeg, Manitoba.

This is a document about King of the Mountain (George Strait song)
  "King of the Mountain" a song written by Larry Boone and Paul Nelson. First recorded in 1991 by George Jones for his album And Along Came Jones, the song was also cut by Boone on his 1993 album Get in Line. It was later covered by American country music artist George Strait, and was released in December 1996 as the fourth and final single from his album Blue Clear Sky. The song reached #19 in the United States and number 27 in Canada. Even though the song was his lowest peaking single since 1992's, "Lovesick Blues", it was one of the most critically acclaimed country songs in years.

This is a document about Eight Miles High
  "Eight Miles High" is a song by the American rock band the Byrds, written by Gene Clark, Jim McGuinn (a.k.a. Roger McGuinn), and David Crosby. It was first released as a single on March 14, 1966. Musically influenced by sitar player Ravi Shankar and jazz saxophonist John Coltrane, the song was influential in developing the musical styles of psychedelia and raga rock. Accordingly, critics often cite "Eight Miles High" as being the first bona fide psychedelic rock song, as well as a classic of the counterculture era. The song was subject to a U.S. radio ban shortly after its release, following allegations published in the broadcasting trade journal the Gavin Report regarding perceived drug connotations in its lyrics. The band strenuously denied these allegations at the

This is a document about God Gave Me You
  "God Gave Me You" is a song written and originally recorded by American contemporary Christian music singer Dave Barnes. It was released in January 2010 as the lead single from the album, What We Want, What We Get.

This is a document about 52nd GMA Dove Awards
 "Because He Lives" - Harry Connick, Jr. ; (writers) Bill Gaither, Gloria Gaither ; "Better Off There" – The Browns ; (writers) Wayne Haun, Sonya Issacs Yeary, Jimmy Yeary ; "Go Rest High on That Mountain" – Fortune/Walker/Rogers/Isaacs ; (writers) Vince Gill ; "Great God Almighty" – The Sound ; (writers) David Carr, Johnny Powell, Mark Lee ; "If God Pulled Back the Curtain" – The Nelons ; (writers) Jason Cox, Kenna Turner West, Michael Boggs Alone With My Faith – Harry Connick, Jr. ; (producer) Harry Connick Jr. ; Little More Love – Jordan Family Band ; (producers) Joshua Jordan, Gordon Mote ; My Savior – Carrie Underwood ; (producers) Carrie Underwood, David Garcia ; Peace At Last - The Nelons ; (producers) Dottie Leonard Miller, Wayne Haun, Jason Clark ; Songs for the Times - The Isaacs ; (producers) Ben Isaacs, The Isaacs Bluegrass/Country/Roots Recorded Song of the Year Bluegrass/Country/Roots Album of the Year

This is a document about Jimmy Young (broadcaster)
 "Too Young" – (1951) ; "Faith Can Move Mountains" – (1953) – UK Number 11 ; "Eternally" – (1953, music by Charles Chaplin, words by Geoff Parsons) – UK Number 8 ; "Unchained Melody" – (1955) – UK Number 1 (with Bob Sharples and His Music, Decca: F10502) ; "The Man from Laramie" – (1955) – UK Number 1 (with Bob Sharples and His Music, Decca: F10597) ; "Someone on Your Mind" – (1955) – UK Number 13 (with Bob Sharples and His Music) (Decca: F10640; US London 1639) ; "Chain Gang" – (1956) – UK Number 9 ; "Wayward Wind" – (1956) – UK Number 27 ; "Rich Man Poor Man" – (1956) – UK Number 25 ; "More" – (1956) – UK Number 4 ; "Round and Round" – (1957) – UK Number 30 (with the Mike Sammes Singers) ; "Miss You" – (1963) – UK Number 15 ; "Unchained Melody" (re-recording) – (1964) – UK Number 43 (with the Mike Sammes Singers)<ref name="British Hit Singles & Albums"/>

Marty Robbins wrote the song "You Gave Me a Mountain."


Question: when does the next season of ink master come out

Answer: August 28 , 2018

This is a document about Ink Master
  on January 9, 2018, and aired its first two episodes on Spike before the network rebranded as the Paramount Network. On April 24, 2018, it was announced that Paramount Network had renewed the series for an eleventh season. The twelfth season, titled Ink Master: Battle of the Sexes, premiered on June 11, 2019. On November 12, 2019, it was announced that the thirteenth season titled Ink Master: Turf War would premiere on January 7, 2020. On September 22, 2020, Paramount Network cancelled the series, as part of the network's shift to movies. On December 1, 2020, the first two seasons were made available to stream on Netflix in the United States and were later removed on December 1, 2021. The same day seasons 3-4 were added. . On February 24, 2021, it was announced that the series would be revived by Paramount+.

This is a document about Black Ink Crew
  Black Ink Crew second season premiered on September 23, 2013, with the season returning on March 31, 2014, for five more episodes. The third season premiered on January 26, 2015, with the season returning August 24, 2015 for eight more episodes and a reunion special on October 19, 2015. The show was renewed for a fourth season, which premiered on April 4, 2016. In December 2016, the series was renewed for a fifth season, which premiered on January 18, 2017. The sixth season premiered on December 6, 2017. On August 20, 2018, the series was renewed for a seventh season, which premiered on September 19, 2018, with the season returning March 13, 2019, for eight more episodes. On July 24, 2019, the series was renewed for an eighth season, which premiered on August 14, 2019, with the season returning on February 26, 2020 for ten more episodes. On March 8, 2021, the series was renewed for a ninth season, which premiered on April 19, 2021. The second half of the ninth season is currently in production.

This is a document about Ink Master (season 13)
  Ink Master: Turf War is the thirteenth season of the tattoo reality competition Ink Master that premiered on Paramount Network on January 7 and ended on April 14, 2020 with a total of fifteen episodes. The show is hosted and judged by Jane's Addiction guitarist Dave Navarro, with accomplished tattoo artists Chris Núñez and Oliver Peck serving as series regular judges. The winner received $100,000, a feature in Inked magazine and the title of Ink Master. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, the live finale was cancelled and no winner was announced for this season. The premise of

This is a document about Ink Master (season 10)
  Ink Master: Return of the Masters is the tenth season of the tattoo reality competition Ink Master that premiered on January 9 at 10/9c and concluded on April 24, 2018 with 16 episodes. The first two episodes of the season marked the series' last to air on Spike prior to the network's transition to Paramount Network nine days later on January 18. Despite this, the remaining episodes continued to air on the new channel. The show is hosted and judged by Jane's Addiction guitarist Dave Navarro, with accomplished tattoo artists Chris Núñez and Oliver Peck serving as series regular judges. The winner received $100,000, a feature in Inked magazine and the

This is a document about Ink Master: Angels
  On June 5, 2017, Spike ordered a second Ink Master spin-off focusing on Season 8's female competitors which includes winner Ryan Ashley Malarkey, and finalists Kelly Doty, Nikki Simpson and Gia Rose. A 10-episode second season was commissioned on November 17, 2017 that aired on March 27, 2018 on Spike's rebranded channel Paramount Network.

This is a document about Ink Master
  In June 2017, Spike announced a new spin-off series titled Ink Master: Angels. The premise follows four female contestants from the eighth season of Ink Master – season winner Ryan Ashley Malarkey, Kelly Doty, Nikki Simpson, and Gia Rose – as they travel around the United States to face other artists in tattoo challenges with a spot on season ten of Ink Master on the line. The show premiered on October 3, 2017.

This is a document about Black Ink Crew (season 7)
  The seventh season of the reality television series Black Ink Crew premiered on VH1 from September 19, 2018 until May 1, 2019. It chronicles the daily operations and staff drama at an African American-owned and operated tattoo shop in Harlem, New York.

This is a document about Ink Master
  On August 21, 2019, it was announced that a spin-off titled Ink Master: Grudge Match would premiere on October 1, 2019. Judges for the series include former Ink Master contestants Cleen Rock One, DJ Tambe, and Ryan Ashley Malarkey.

This is a document about Black Ink Crew (season 8)
  The eighth season of the reality television series Black Ink Crew aired on VH1 from August 14, 2019, until April 29, 2020. It chronicles the daily operations and staff drama at an African American-owned and operated tattoo shop in Harlem, New York.

This is a document about Oliver Peck
  Peck started giving himself and his friends tattoos at age 17. In 1991, at age 19, he started professionally tattooing. In January 2012, the first season of Ink Master premiered, with Peck, Dave Navarro, and Chris Nunez as judges. Peck continued on as a judge through season 13 in 2020. During season 13, photos of Peck in blackface circulated on the internet after gossip site TMZ published them. One photo showed Peck wearing "brown face paint, an Afro wig and a superhero costume with the letter "N" on it." Peck announced on Instagram he would be leaving the show, stating, "The offensive photos of me which recently

This is a document about Ink Master (season 11)
  Ink Master: Grudge Match – Cleen vs. Christian is the eleventh season of the tattoo reality competition Ink Master that premiered on Paramount Network on August 28, instead of its original air date September 4, and concluded on December 18, 2018 with a total of 16 episodes. The show is hosted and judged by Jane's Addiction guitarist Dave Navarro, with accomplished tattoo artists Chris Núñez and Oliver Peck serving as series regular judges. The winner received $100,000, a feature in Inked magazine and the title of Ink Master. The premise of this season was to have Ink Master veterans Christian Buckingham and James "Cleen Rock

This is a document about Black Ink Crew (season 6)
  The sixth season of the reality television series Black Ink Crew premiered on December 6, 2017 until May 9, 2018 on VH1. It chronicles the daily operations and staff drama at an African American-owned and operated tattoo shop in Harlem, New York.

This is a document about Ink Master (season 12)
  Ink Master: Battle of the Sexes is the twelfth season of the tattoo reality competition Ink Master that premiered on Paramount Network on June 11, 2019, with a total of 16 episodes. The show is hosted and judged by Jane's Addiction guitarist Dave Navarro, with accomplished tattoo artists Chris Núñez and Oliver Peck serving as series regular judges. The winner received $100,000, a feature in Inked magazine and the title of Ink Master. The premise of this season was having two teams of 9 artists, split based on their gender, competing as teams until the finale. This season also featured Ink Master winners and veterans coaching the teams in individual episodes, with the males coaching the women's team and the females coaching the men's team. And depending on which gender was eliminated, one coach advanced to the live finale where they competed in the Clash of the Coaches Face-Off for $25,000. The winner of the twelfth season of Ink Master was Laura Marie, with Dani Ryan being the runner-up. The winner of the Clash of the Coaches Face-Off was Ryan Ashley Malarkey, with DJ Tambe being the runner-up.

This is a document about Ink Master: Angels
  Ink Master: Angels is a spin-off of the tattoo reality competition Ink Master that premiered on October 3, 2017 on the Paramount Network. The series follows season 8 competitors Ryan Ashley Malarkey, who won that season, Kelly Doty, Gia Rose, and Nikki Simpson as they travel around the nation going head-to-head with some of the country's top local artists who are competing to earn a spot on a future season of Ink Master.

This is a document about Ink Master (season 9)
  Ink Master: Shop Wars is the ninth season of the tattoo reality competition Ink Master that premiered on June 6, 2017, on Spike with 16 episodes. The show is hosted and judged by Jane's Addiction guitarist Dave Navarro, with accomplished tattoo artists Chris Núñez and Oliver Peck serving as series regular judges. The winning shop received $200,000, a feature in Inked magazine, the title of Ink Master, and the title of Master Shop. The premise of this season was having teams of two sorted by their tattoo shops going head-to-head in a tag team elimination-style competition. This season features nine rookie shops battling nine veteran shops

This is a document about Black Ink Crew: Chicago (season 6)
  The sixth season of the reality television series Black Ink Crew: Chicago aired on VH1 from December 4, 2019 until July 27, 2020. It chronicles the daily operations and staff drama at an African American owned and operated tattoo shop 9MAG located in Chicago, Illinois.

This is a document about Ink Master (season 13)
  season was having four teams based on their respective home region with each region being led by an Ink Master veteran. This season saw the return of four veterans; season ten contestants Jason Elliott and Frank Ready, who originally finished the competition in 4th and 8th place respectively, and season eleven contestants Angel Rose and Jimmy Snaz, who originally finished the competition in 11th and 10th place respectively. There was no winner for the thirteenth season of Ink Master, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The three finalists (Bob Jones, Angel Rose and Jimmy Snaz) were awarded a monetary prize instead.

This is a document about Black Ink Crew: Chicago (season 4)
  The fourth season of the reality television series Black Ink Crew: Chicago aired on VH1 from May 30, 2018 until September 19, 2018. It chronicles the daily operations and staff drama at an African American owned and operated tattoo shop 9MAG located in Chicago, Illinois.

This is a document about Black Ink Crew: Chicago (season 5)
  The fifth season of the reality television series Black Ink Crew: Chicago aired on VH1 from January 2, 2019 until August 6, 2019. It chronicles the daily operations and staff drama at an African American owned and operated tattoo shop 9MAG located in Chicago, Illinois.

This is a document about Ink Master (season 7)
  Ink Master: Revenge is the seventh season of the tattoo reality competition Ink Master that aired on Spike on March 1 and concluded on May 24, 2016 with a total of 13 episodes. The show is hosted and judged by Jane's Addiction guitarist Dave Navarro, with accomplished tattoo artists Chris Núñez and Oliver Peck serving as series regular judges. The winner will receive a $100,000 prize, a feature in Inked Magazine and the title of Ink Master. The premise of this season was featuring eight contestants competing against eight returning veterans in an elimination-style competition. This season saw the return of eight veterans; season one contestant James Vaughn, who originally finished the competition

The next season of Ink Master that is mentioned in the text is the seventh season, which premiered on September 12, 2019. However, it's important to note that the text also mentions that the show was canceled after the seventh season and is no longer available on Netflix. Therefore, there is no upcoming or next season of Ink Master currently announced or available.


Question: when will my little pony season 7 come out

Answer: April 15 , 2017

This is a document about My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (season 7)
  The seventh season of the animated television series My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, developed by Lauren Faust, originally aired on the Discovery Family channel in the United States. The series is based on Hasbro's My Little Pony line of toys and animated works and is often referred by collectors to be the fourth generation, or "G4", of the My Little Pony franchise. Season 7 of the series premiered on April 15, 2017 on Discovery Family, an American pay television channel partly owned by Hasbro, and concluded on October 28, twenty-two days after My Little Pony: The Movie was released in theaters.

This is a document about My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic
  Discovery Family renewed the series for a sixth season, broadcast from March 26 to October 22, 2016. In October 2016, the show was renewed for its seventh season which aired from April 15 to October 28, 2017. An eighth season was broadcast from March 24 to October 6, 2018. On March 8, 2019, Discovery Family announced the ninth and final season, which premiered on April 6, 2019. Before the show's finale, My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic — A Decade of Pony, a behind-the-scenes view of the making of the series, was aired on October 11, 2019. The 90-minute finale was broadcast on October 12, 2019.

This is a document about Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (season 7)
  The seventh season began airing on ABC in the United States on May 27, 2020, and ran for 13 episodes, until August 12, 2020. In the United Kingdom, E4, which had aired the series since season three, announced they had no plans to air season seven. The season was instead released on Disney+, starting with the first two episodes on November 13, 2020, and the remaining episodes following weekly.

This is a document about Discovery Family
  cult following among male teens and adults. Following the conclusion of the series on October 12, 2019, the animated spin-off series featuring its cast, My Little Pony: Pony Life, premiered on Discovery Family on November 7, 2020. The Hatchery – a company co-founded by Margaret Loesch (who have served as the channel's president and CEO from 2009 until 2014) and Bruce Stein in 2003, and have its major stake acquired by American Greetings in 2004 – have supplied certain series to the channel, including Dan Vs. and R. L. Stine's The Haunting Hour. Aside from The Hatchery's productions, American Greetings have also supplied Strawberry Shortcake's Berry Bitty Adventures (part

This is a document about My Little Pony: Equestria Girls – Spring Breakdown
  Spring Breakdown premiered on Discovery Family on March 30, 2019. The special was edited down into a cut of six episodes on the official My Little Pony YouTube channel. Its first episode was uploaded on April 12, 2019 and its last episode on May 17.

This is a document about List of films based on toys
  My Little Pony: Equestria Girls (2013) ; My Little Pony: Equestria Girls – Rainbow Rocks (2014) ; My Little Pony: Equestria Girls – Friendship Games (2015) ; My Little Pony: Equestria Girls – Legend of Everfree (2016) ; My Little Pony: The Movie (2017) ; My Little Pony: A New Generation (September 24, 2021) - Netflix exclusive ; My Scene - Mattel ; My Scene Goes Hollywood (2005) - direct-to-video ; Playmobil - Brandstätter Group ; Playmobil: The Secret of Pirate Island (2009) - direct-to-video ; Playmobil: The Movie (2019) ; Polly Pocket - Bluebird Toys/Mattel ; PollyWorld (2006) - direct-to-video ; Pound Puppies

This is a document about My Little Pony (2010 toyline)
  animation studio, was first broadcast in the United States on October 27, 2018 on Discovery Family. Another special, My Little Pony: Rainbow Roadtrip, was animated at Boulder Media (an Irish studio which Hasbro acquired in 2016) and broadcast on June 29, 2019 on Discovery Family. My Little Pony: Pony Life, another animated television series commissioned by Allspark Animation, premiered in the United States on November 7, 2020 on Discovery Family. The series, which succeeds Friendship Is Magic, features ponies in a caricatured appearance. The cast of six main characters in Friendship Is Magic have reprised their roles in the new series. Hasbro also plans to release additional animated shorts on My Little Pony's official YouTube channel.

This is a document about List of programs broadcast by Treehouse TV
  2017 – May 5, 2019) ; Miffy and Friends (April 2003 – March 15, 2009) ; My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic (January 3, 2011 – 2021) ; Nella the Princess Knight (May 6, 2017 – 2020) ; Ni Hao, Kai-Lan (February 26, 2008 – September 11, 2011; October 14 – December 31, 2016; February 12, 2021) ; Noddy in Toyland (September 7, 2009 – August 2012) ; Nouky and Friends (June 2008 – February 21, 2010) ; The Octonauts (March 30, 2012 – July 1, 2020) ; Odd-Jobbers (September 1, 2008 – December 31, 2010) ; Olivia (February 23, 2009 – August 2012) ; Oswald (September

This is a document about My Little Pony (2010 toyline)
  notable fan following. An animated feature film based on the Friendship Is Magic characters was first announced on October 20, 2014, in an interview with Hasbro Studios CEO Stephen Davis by Variety. Released on October 6, 2017, in the United States, the new My Little Pony: The Movie is Hasbro's first animated feature film from its Allspark Pictures film division. It was distributed worldwide by Lionsgate, with the exception of China. Thiessen directed the film with McCarthy writing the film and act as the film's co-executive producer alongside Mike Vogel. Originally, Joe Ballarini was the scriptwriter for the film. The film concerns the "Mane Six" ponies – Twilight Sparkle, Applejack, Fluttershy, Pinkie Pie, Rainbow Dash, and

This is a document about My Little Pony: Pony Life
  My Little Pony: Pony Life is an animated children's television series developed by Katie Chilson that premiered on Discovery Family on November 7, 2020. It is based on Hasbro's My Little Pony franchise. It is a successor and spin-off to 2010's My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic and the fourth animated series based on the franchise overall. The series is produced by Entertainment One, in collaboration with Boulder Media. It has some of the writers and most of the voice cast returning from Friendship Is Magic, but it also features a new art style and a slice-of-life narrative. The series also focuses on a more comedic theme than its predecessor. Unlike Friendship Is Magic, each episode is 11 minutes long, consisting of two five-minute segments. A second season for the series premiered on April 10, 2021.

This is a document about My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (season 9)
  The ninth and final season of the animated television series My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, developed by Lauren Faust, originally aired on the Discovery Family channel in the United States. The series is based on Hasbro's My Little Pony line of toys and animated works and is often referred by collectors to be the fourth generation, or "G4", of the My Little Pony franchise. Season 9 of the series premiered on April 6, 2019, on Discovery Family, an American pay television channel partly owned by Hasbro, and concluded with a three-part series finale on October 12. The final season focuses on Twilight preparing to become the new ruler of Equestria after Princess Celestia and Princess Luna's retirement. At the same time, an evil ram named Grogar recruits Twilight and her friends' worst enemies in a plot to take over Equestria.

This is a document about My Little Pony: Equestria Girls (web series)
  My Little Pony: Equestria Girls is an animated web series based on Hasbro's toyline and media franchise of the same name, itself being a spin-off of the 2010 relaunch of Hasbro's My Little Pony toyline. It focuses on the main characters from the television series My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, re-envisioned as human teenagers attending high school. The series premiered on November 17, 2017, on YouTube. The first season was marketed with the theme "Better Together". The series ended its run following its second season on June 23, 2020, after DHX Media Vancouver (now operating under its current name, WildBrain) had left its production in 2019.

This is a document about List of programs broadcast by Disney Channel (South Korean TV channel)
  November 7, 2018) ; My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (마이 리틀 포니 우정은 마법) (seasons 1, 5 – 8; May 8, 2018 – July 25, 2020, first-run; July 13, 2021 – July 30, 2021, reruns) ; Oscar's Oasis (오스카의 오아시스) (May 10, 2018 – May 11, 2018, reruns) ; Larva (라바) (August 16, 2018 – August 17, 2018, reruns) ; Go Away, Unicorn! (사고뭉치 유니콘) (September 22, 2018 – March 31, 2021) ; Robot Train S2 (변신기차 로봇트레인) (October 1, 2018 – July 1, 2019, first-run; September 1, 2021, reruns) ; Badanamu Cadets (바다나무 카뎃) (December 3, 2018 – May 20,

This is a document about It's Pony
  The series originated from a short titled Pony, created as part of the annual Nickelodeon Animated Shorts Program. On March 6, 2018, it was announced that Nickelodeon officially green-lit the series with a 20-episode order at Nickelodeon's 2018 upfront presentation. On December 9, 2019, it was announced that the series would premiere on January 18, 2020, with a teaser episode released online on December 26, 2019. On July 9, 2020, the series was renewed for a second season of 20 episodes, which premiered in late 2021.

This is a document about My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (season 8)
  The eighth season of the animated television series My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, developed by Lauren Faust, originally aired on the Discovery Family channel in the United States. The series is based on Hasbro's My Little Pony line of toys and animated works and is often referred by collectors to be the fourth generation, or "G4", of the My Little Pony franchise. Season 8 of the series premiered on March 24, 2018, on Discovery Family, an American pay television channel partly owned by Hasbro, and concluded on October 13. The season focuses on Twilight running her newly established School of Friendship to teach ponies and creatures from Equestria and beyond about the benefits of friendship with her friends serving as the teachers.

This is a document about List of RWBY episodes
  The seventh season premiered on November 2, 2019, concluding on February 1, 2020. It is the first season since Volume 3 not to include a character short and the first without a post-credits scene.

This is a document about My Little Pony: Pony Life
  My Little Pony: Pony Life was originally slated to premiere on Discovery Family in the United States on June 13, 2020, but it was postponed to a later date in the summer of that year. However, on October 12, 2020, a promo revealed that the show would be premiering on Discovery Family on November 7, 2020. Clips of several episodes have also been uploaded to the MLP YouTube channel. On September 10, 2020, it was officially announced that it would be released on YouTube at an unspecified date, listed as coming "soon". On September 17, 2020, it was reported that a second season was in production. The second season premiered on April 10, 2021. The series premiered on 9Go! in Australia on September 21, 2020. In the United Kingdom, the series premiered on Tiny Pop on September 1, 2020. The second season premiered on the network on April 2, 2021.

This is a document about My Little Pony (2010 toyline)
  were released in November 2019. It was followed by the animated series, My Little Pony: Pony Life, in 2020. Another stop-motion animated webseries, My Little Pony: Stop Motion Shorts, was released in January 2020. The toys and media produced during this incarnation take place in the fictional location named Equestria, a society inhabited by three kinds of ponies (earth ponies, unicorns and pegasi) and other species, with winged unicorns – named "alicorns" in later releases despite the word's origin – having royal status. With the success of the Friendship Is Magic television series, it also generated a dedicated fandom. The line grossed over US$650 million in retail sales in 2013, and $1 billion annually in retail sales in 2014, and 2015. This particular era has an anthropomorphic spin-off, subtitled Equestria Girls.

This is a document about Emiri Katō
 My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic (2013), Fluttershy ; Barbie and the Magic of Pegasus (2005), Rose ; Pinky Dinky Doo (2006), Pinky ; My Little Pony: Equestria Girls (2015), Fluttershy ; My Little Pony: Equestria Girls – Rainbow Rocks (2015), Fluttershy ; My Little Pony: Equestria Girls – Friendship Games (2016), Fluttershy ; My Little Pony: Equestria Girls – Legend of Everfree (2017), Fluttershy ; My Little Pony: Equestria Girls (2017 television specials) (2017), Fluttershy ; My Little Pony: Equestria Girls (Digital Series) (2017), Fluttershy ; My Little Pony: The Movie (2018), Fluttershy ; Lego Monkie Kid (2021), MK

This is a document about The Flash (season 7)
  The seventh season premiered on March 2, 2021, delayed from its previous date of February 23, 2021. Despite premiering much later than previous seasons, it was not expected to have a much shorter episode count. In September 2020, Wallace said the number of episodes for the season had not yet been decided, and that would depend on when the season would begin filming safely. On May 25, 2021, it was confirmed that the season 7 finale would be on July 20, and that the season would have only 18 episodes, meaning that season 7 is the shortest season yet.

My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic season 7 aired on Discovery Family in the United States from April 15, 2017 to October 28, 2017. It was also released on Netflix in the United Kingdom on November 12, 2020.


Question: who came up with the 2nd law of thermodynamics

Answer: Sadi Carnot

This is a document about Laws of thermodynamics
  The history of thermodynamics is fundamentally interwoven with the history of physics and history of chemistry and ultimately dates back to theories of heat in antiquity. The laws of thermodynamics are the result of progress made in this field over the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The first established thermodynamic principle, which eventually became the second law of thermodynamics, was formulated by Sadi Carnot in 1824 in his book Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire. By 1860, as formalized in the works of scientists such as Rudolf Clausius and William Thomson, what are now known as the first and second laws were established. Later, Nernst's theorem (or Nernst's

This is a document about Second law of thermodynamics
  of probability distributions of the states of large assemblies of atoms or molecules. The second law has been expressed in many ways. Its first formulation, which preceded the proper definition of entropy and was based on caloric theory, is Carnot's theorem, credited to the French scientist Sadi Carnot, who in 1824 showed that the efficiency of conversion of heat to work in a heat engine has an upper limit. The first rigorous definition of the second law based on the concept of entropy came from German scientist Rudolph Clausius in the 1850s including his statement that heat can never pass from a colder to a warmer body without some other change, connected therewith, occurring at the same time. The second law of thermodynamics can also be used to define the concept of thermodynamic temperature, but this is usually delegated to the zeroth law of thermodynamics.

This is a document about History of physics
  energy—which was stated around 1850 by William Thomson, later known as Lord Kelvin, and Rudolf Clausius. Lord Kelvin, who had extended the concept of absolute zero from gases to all substances in 1848, drew upon the engineering theory of Lazare Carnot, Sadi Carnot, and Émile Clapeyron–as well as the experimentation of James Prescott Joule on the interchangeability of mechanical, chemical, thermal, and electrical forms of work—to formulate the first law. Kelvin and Clausius also stated the second law of thermodynamics, which was originally formulated in terms of the fact that heat does not spontaneously flow from a colder body to a hotter. Other formulations followed quickly (for example, the second law was expounded in Thomson and Peter Guthrie Tait's influential work Treatise on Natural Philosophy) and Kelvin in particular understood

This is a document about 19th century in science
  energy—which was stated around 1850 by William Thomson, later known as Lord Kelvin, and Rudolf Clausius. Lord Kelvin, who had extended the concept of absolute zero from gases to all substances in 1848, drew upon the engineering theory of Lazare Carnot, Sadi Carnot, and Émile Clapeyron–as well as the experimentation of James Prescott Joule on the interchangeability of mechanical, chemical, thermal, and electrical forms of work—to formulate the first law. Kelvin and Clausius also stated the second law of thermodynamics, which was originally formulated in terms of the fact that heat does not spontaneously flow from a colder body to a hotter. Other formulations followed quickly (for example, the second law was expounded in Thomson and Peter Guthrie Tait's influential work Treatise on Natural Philosophy) and Kelvin in particular understood

This is a document about Thermodynamics
  efficiency. The book outlined the basic energetic relations between the Carnot engine, the Carnot cycle, and motive power. It marked the start of thermodynamics as a modern science. The first thermodynamic textbook was written in 1859 by William Rankine, originally trained as a physicist and a civil and mechanical engineering professor at the University of Glasgow. The first and second laws of thermodynamics emerged simultaneously in the 1850s, primarily out of the works of William Rankine, Rudolf Clausius, and William Thomson (Lord Kelvin). The foundations of statistical thermodynamics were set out by physicists such as James Clerk Maxwell, Ludwig Boltzmann, Max Planck, Rudolf Clausius and J. Willard

This is a document about Second law of thermodynamics
  The first theory of the conversion of heat into mechanical work is due to Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot in 1824. He was the first to realize correctly that the efficiency of this conversion depends on the difference of temperature between an engine and its environment. Recognizing the significance of James Prescott Joule's work on the conservation of energy, Rudolf Clausius was the first to formulate the second law during 1850, in this form: heat does not flow spontaneously from cold to hot bodies. While common knowledge now, this was contrary to the caloric theory of heat popular at the time, which considered heat as a fluid. From there he was able to infer the principle of Sadi Carnot and the definition of entropy (1865). Established during the 19th century, the Kelvin-Planck statement of the Second

This is a document about Experimental physics
  with experiment. The Principia also included several theories in fluid dynamics. From the late 17th century onward, thermodynamics was developed by physicist and chemist Boyle, Young, and many others. In 1733, Bernoulli used statistical arguments with classical mechanics to derive thermodynamic results, initiating the field of statistical mechanics. In 1798, Thompson demonstrated the conversion of mechanical work into heat, and in 1847 Joule stated the law of conservation of energy, in the form of heat as well as mechanical energy. Ludwig Boltzmann, in the nineteenth century, is responsible for the modern form of statistical mechanics. Besides classical mechanics and thermodynamics, another great

This is a document about Atomic theory
  In order to introduce the Ideal gas law and statistical forms of physics, it was necessary to postulate the existence of atoms. In 1738, Swiss physicist and mathematician Daniel Bernoulli postulated that the pressure of gases and heat were both caused by the underlying motion of molecules. In 1860, James Clerk Maxwell, who was a vocal proponent of atomism, was the first to use statistical mechanics in physics. Ludwig Boltzmann and Rudolf Clausius expanded his work on gases and the laws of Thermodynamics especially the second law relating to entropy. In the 1870s, Josiah Willard Gibbs, sometimes referred to as America’s greatest physicist, extended the laws of entropy and thermodynamics and coined the term “statistical mechanics.” Einstein later independently reinvented Gibb’s laws, because they had only been printed in an obscure American journal. Einstein later commented, had he known of Gibb’s work he would “not have published those papers at all, but confined myself to the treatment of some few points [that were distinct].” All of statistical mechanics and the laws of heat, gas, and entropy were necessarily postulated upon the existence of atoms.

This is a document about Entropy as an arrow of time
  The mathematics behind the arrow of time, entropy, and basis of the second law of thermodynamics derive from the following set-up, as detailed by Carnot (1824), Clapeyron (1832), and Clausius (1854):  Here, as common experience demonstrates, when a hot body T1, such as a furnace, is put into physical contact, such as being connected via a body of fluid (working body), with a cold body T2, such as a stream of cold water, energy will invariably flow from hot to cold in the form of heat Q, and given time the system will reach equilibrium. Entropy, defined as Q/T, was conceived by Rudolf Clausius as a function to measure the molecular irreversibility of this

This is a document about Second law of thermodynamics
  The German scientist Rudolf Clausius laid the foundation for the second law of thermodynamics in 1850 by examining the relation between heat transfer and work. His formulation of the second law, which was published in German in 1854, is known as the Clausius statement: "Heat can never pass from a colder to a warmer body without some other change, connected therewith, occurring at the same time." The statement by Clausius uses the concept of 'passage of heat'. As is usual in thermodynamic discussions, this means 'net transfer of energy as heat', and does not refer to contributory transfers one way and the other. Heat cannot spontaneously flow from cold regions to hot regions without external work being performed on the system, which is evident from ordinary experience of refrigeration, for example. In a refrigerator, heat flows from cold to hot, but only when forced by an external agent, the refrigeration system.

This is a document about History of energy
  thermodynamics, which aided in the rapid development of explanations of chemical processes using the concept of energy by Rudolf Clausius, Josiah Willard Gibbs and Walther Nernst. It also led to a mathematical formulation of the concept of entropy by Clausius, and to the introduction of laws of radiant energy by Jožef Stefan. Rankine, coined the term "potential energy". In 1881, William Thomson stated before an audience that: "The very name energy, though first used in its present sense by Dr Thomas Young about the beginning of this century, has only come into use practically after the doctrine which defines it had ... been raised from mere formula of mathematical dynamics to the position it now holds of a principle pervading all nature and guiding the investigator in the field

This is a document about History of randomness
  (where fortune telling was later termed an addiction) and in Europe by gypsies and others. English practices such as the reading of eggs dropped in a glass were exported to Puritan communities in North America. The term entropy, which is now a key element in the study of randomness, was coined by Rudolf Clausius in 1865 as he studied heat engines in the context of the second law of thermodynamics. Clausius was the first to state "entropy always increases". From the time of Newton until about 1890, it was generally believed that if one knows the initial state of a system with great accuracy, and

This is a document about Meteorology
  proposes a caloric theory. In 1804, Sir John Leslie observed that a matte black surface radiates heat more effectively than a polished surface, suggesting the importance of black-body radiation. In 1808, John Dalton defended caloric theory in A New System of Chemistry and described how it combines with matter, especially gases; he proposed that the heat capacity of gases varies inversely with atomic weight. In 1824, Sadi Carnot analyzed the efficiency of steam engines using caloric theory; he developed the notion of a reversible process and, in postulating that no such thing exists in nature, laid the foundation for the second law of thermodynamics.

This is a document about History of thermodynamics
  Even though he was working with the caloric theory, Sadi Carnot in 1824 suggested that some of the caloric available for generating useful work is lost in any real process. In March 1851, while grappling to come to terms with the work of James Prescott Joule, Lord Kelvin started to speculate that there was an inevitable loss of useful heat in all processes. The idea was framed even more dramatically by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1854, giving birth to the spectre of the heat death of the universe. In 1854, William John Macquorn Rankine started to make use in calculation of what he called his thermodynamic function. This has subsequently been shown to be identical to the concept of entropy formulated by Rudolf Clausius in 1865. Clausius used the concept to develop his classic statement of the second law of thermodynamics the same year.

This is a document about Timeline of heat engine technology
  cycle and the associated hypothetical Carnot heat engine that is the basic theoretical model for all heat engines. This gives the first early insight into the second law of thermodynamics. ; 1834 - Jacob Perkins, obtained the first patent for a vapor-compression refrigeration system. ; 1850s - Rudolf Clausius sets out the concept of the thermodynamic system and positioned entropy as being that in any irreversible process a small amount of heat energy δQ is incrementally dissipated across the system boundary ; 1859 - Etienne Lenoir developed the first commercially successful internal combustion engine, a single-cylinder, two-stroke engine with

This is a document about Principle of maximum work
  With the development of the first two laws of thermodynamics in the 1850s and 60s, heats of reaction and the work associated with these processes were given a more accurate mathematical basis. In 1876, Willard Gibbs unified all of this in his 300-page "On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances". Suppose, for example, we have a general thermodynamic system, called the "primary" system and that we mechanically connect it to a "reversible work source". A reversible work source is a system which, when it does work, or has work done to it, does not change its entropy. It is therefore not a heat engine and does not suffer dissipation due to friction or heat exchanges. A simple example would be a frictionless spring, or

This is a document about Second law of thermodynamics
  The second law of thermodynamics may be expressed in many specific ways, the most prominent classical statements being the statement by Rudolf Clausius (1854), the statement by Lord Kelvin (1851), and the statement in axiomatic thermodynamics by Constantin Carathéodory (1909). These statements cast the law in general physical terms citing the impossibility of certain processes. The Clausius and the Kelvin statements have been shown to be equivalent.

This is a document about 19th century in science
  wireless telegraphy system (see invention of radio). The atomic theory of matter had been proposed again in the early 19th century by the chemist John Dalton and became one of the hypotheses of the kinetic-molecular theory of gases developed by Clausius and James Clerk Maxwell to explain the laws of thermodynamics. The kinetic theory in turn led to the statistical mechanics of Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906) and Josiah Willard Gibbs (1839–1903), which held that energy (including heat) was a measure of the speed of particles. Interrelating the statistical likelihood of certain states of organization of these particles with the energy of those states,

This is a document about Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire
 The "fall of heat" from a high temperature to a lower temperature is where the work comes from. ; Analyzing a cycle, rather than an open system, is the correct way to analyze a heat engine. ; The concept of a reversible process. The book is considered the founding work of thermodynamics. It contains the preliminary outline of the second law of thermodynamics. Carnot stated that motive power is due to the fall of caloric (heat) from a hot to a cold body. The work was unnoticed until 1834 when French mining engineer Émile Clapeyron put it on a graphical footing in his Memoir on the Motive Power of Heat. Through Clapeyron's paper, German physicist Rudolf Clausius learned of Carnot's theory of heat and through a modification

This is a document about Temperature
  the absolute or thermodynamic temperatures, T1 and T2 , of the reservoirs are defined so that to be such that The zeroth law of thermodynamics allows this definition to be used to measure the absolute or thermodynamic temperature of an arbitrary body of interest, by making the other heat reservoir have the same temperature as the body of interest. Kelvin's original work postulating absolute temperature was published in 1848. It was based on the work of Carnot, before the formulation of the first law of thermodynamics. Carnot had no sound understanding of heat and no specific concept of entropy. He wrote of 'caloric' and said that all the

The second law of thermodynamics was first formulated by Rudolf Clausius in the 1850s, but it was also independently developed by James Clerk Maxwell and William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) around the same time.


Question: who composed the music to the star spangled banner

Answer: John Stafford Smith

This is a document about John Philip Sousa
  John Philip Sousa (November 6, 1854 – March 6, 1932) was an American composer and conductor of the late Romantic era known primarily for American military marches. He is known as "The March King" or the "American March King", to distinguish him from his British counterpart Kenneth J. Alford. Among his best-known marches are "The Stars and Stripes Forever" (National March of the United States of America), "Semper Fidelis" (official march of the United States Marine Corps), "The Liberty Bell", "The Thunderer", and "The Washington Post". Sousa began his career playing violin and studying music theory and composition under John Esputa and George Felix Benkert. His father enlisted him in the United States Marine Band as an apprentice in 1868. He left the band in 1875, and over the next five years he performed as a violinist and learned to

This is a document about English Americans
 National anthem - The Star-Spangled Banner takes its melody from the 18th-century English song "To Anacreon in Heaven" written by John Stafford Smith for the Anacreontic Society, a men's social club in London. The lyrics were written by Francis Scott Key of English descent. This became a well-known and recognized patriotic song throughout the United States, which was officially designated as the U.S. national anthem in 1931. ; Hail to the Chief - is the song to announce the arrival or presence of the President of the United States. English songwriter James Sanderson (c. 1769 – c. 1841), composed the music

This is a document about American march music
  Stars and Stripes Forever"—are among the best known of historical American music and are especially revered by many Americans for their rousing strains and patriotic themes. His "Stars and Stripes Forever" features what is arguably the most famous piccolo obligato in all of music. Other notable American composers of march music include Henry Fillmore – "The Circus Bee"; Charles A. Zimmerman – "Anchors Aweigh"; W. Paris Chambers – "Sweeney's Cavalcade"; Edwin E. Bagley – "National Emblem March"; Meredith Willson – "Seventy-six Trombones"; and George Gershwin – "Strike Up the Band". Composers (from Europe or elsewhere) of march music popular in the US include: Johann Strauss Sr – "Radetzky March"; Kenneth

This is a document about John Stafford Smith
  In 1814, Francis Scott Key wrote the poem "Defence of Fort M'Henry" (later re-titled, "The Star-Spangled Banner") which was later set to the tune of "Anacreon", a piece composed by Smith. The US Congress officially designated this song as the US national anthem in 1931.

This is a document about The Star-Spangled Banner
  "The Star-Spangled Banner" is the national anthem of the United States. The lyrics come from the "Defence of Fort M'Henry", a poem written on September 14, 1814, by 35-year-old lawyer and amateur poet Francis Scott Key after witnessing the bombardment of Fort McHenry by British ships of the Royal Navy in Baltimore Harbor during the Battle of Baltimore in the War of 1812. Key was inspired by the large U.S. flag, with 15 stars and 15 stripes, known as the Star-Spangled Banner, flying triumphantly above the fort during the U.S. victory. The poem was set to the tune of a popular British song written by John

This is a document about National anthem
  Most of the best-known national anthems were written by little-known or unknown composers such as Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle, composer of "La Marseillaise" and John Stafford Smith who wrote the tune for "The Anacreontic Song", which became the tune for the U.S. national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner." The author of "God Save the Queen", one of the oldest and best-known anthems in the world, is unknown and disputed. Very few countries have a national anthem written by a world-renowned composer. Exceptions include Germany, whose anthem "Das Lied der Deutschen" uses a melody written by Joseph Haydn, and Austria, whose national anthem "Land der Berge, Land am Strome" is sometimes credited to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. The "Anthem of the Armenian Soviet Socialist

This is a document about Francis Scott Key
  Francis Scott Key (August 1, 1779 – January 11, 1843) was an American lawyer, author, and amateur poet from Frederick, Maryland, who is best known for writing the lyrics for the American national anthem "The Star-Spangled Banner". Key observed the British bombardment of Fort McHenry in 1814 during the War of 1812. He was inspired upon seeing the American flag still flying over the fort at dawn and wrote the poem "Defence of Fort M'Henry"; it was published within a week with the suggested tune of the popular song "To Anacreon in Heaven". The song with Key's lyrics became known as "The Star-Spangled Banner" and slowly gained in popularity as an unofficial anthem, finally achieving official status more than a century later under President Herbert Hoover as the national anthem. Key was a lawyer in Maryland and Washington D.C. for four decades

This is a document about Will Earhart
  Earhart chaired a committee of prominent musicians consisting also of Walter Damrosch, Arnold J. Gantvoort, Oscar Sonneck and John Philip Sousa tasked with developing a singular, standard version of the Star Spangled Banner. The committee was formed by the U.S. Bureau of Education at the behest of President Woodrow Wilson to recommend the official version of the song that would become the national anthem of the United States. The standardized version that was voted upon by these five musicians premiered at Carnegie Hall on December 5, 1917.

This is a document about Orpheus with the Awkward Foot
  1914 marked the centennial anniversary of the writing of "The Star-Spangled Banner", the national anthem of the United States, which was written by Francis Scott Key while in Baltimore during the War of 1812's Battle of Baltimore. To commemorate the occasion, the United States Congress allocated US$75,000 for the erection of a monument at Baltimore's Fort McHenry in honor of the national anthem and the battle that took place there. On May 28, 1916, the United States Commission of Fine Arts held a competition for design proposals for this monument, with 34 sculptors entering. Of the submissions, Charles Henry Niehaus's was selected by the commission.

This is a document about Anacreontic Society
  Society joining in the refrain. It soon became a popular drinking song on both sides of the Atlantic. But the melody, if not the original lyrics, would acquire even greater fame after Francis Scott Key, an attorney, wrote "Defence of Fort M'Henry" while detained on a British ship during the night of September 13, 1814, as the British forces bombarded the American Fort McHenry during the War of 1812. The song, consisting of Key's text "Defence of Fort M'Henry" and Smith's tune "The Anacreontic Song", is today known as "The Star-Spangled Banner", the national anthem of the United States of America.

This is a document about List of marches composed by John Philip Sousa
  John Philip Sousa was an American composer and conductor of the late Romantic era known primarily for American military marches. He composed 136 marches from 1873 until his death in 1932. He derived few of his marches from his other musical compositions such as melodies and operettas. "The Stars and Stripes Forever" is considered Sousa's most famous composition. A British journalist named Sousa "The March King", in comparison to "The Waltz King" — Johann Strauss II. However, not all of Sousa's marches had the same level of public appeal. Some of his early marches are lesser known and rarely performed. He composed marches for several American universities, including the universities of Minnesota, Illinois (now known as

This is a document about The Anacreontic Song
  Francis Scott Key wrote "Defence of Fort McHenry" during the War of 1812, while detained on a British ship during the night of 13 September 1814, as the British forces bombarded the American fort. Key specifically wrote the lyrics with this familiar patriotic tune in mind, just as he had done with an earlier set of his lyrics, "When the Warrior Returns", in which he had made similar use of "star-spangled banner" imagery. Later retitled "The Star-Spangled Banner", Key's lyrics, set to Stafford Smith's music, became a well-known and recognized patriotic song throughout the United States, and was officially designated as the U.S. national anthem on 3 March 1931. The setting of new lyrics to an existing tune is called a contrafactum.

This is a document about The Stars and Stripes Forever
  "The Stars and Stripes Forever" is a patriotic American march written and composed by John Philip Sousa. By a 1987 act of the U.S. Congress, it is the official National March of the United States of America.

This is a document about Timeline of music in the United States to 1819
 Francis Scott Key writes what will become "The Star-Spangled Banner", which will become the official national anthem of the United States in 1931. It uses the tune of an English drinking song called "To Anacreon in Heaven" by John Stafford Smith. ; Rayner Taylor's romantic grand opera, The Acthiop; Or, The Child of the Desert, is a popular and influential composition, which remains in production into the 1860s.

This is a document about Igor Stravinsky
  also fell through; Stravinsky deemed the terms fell into the producer's favour. Music he had written for the film was later used in his Symphony in Three Movements. Stravinsky's unconventional dominant seventh chord in his arrangement of the "Star-Spangled Banner" led to an incident with the Boston police on 15 January 1944, and he was warned that the authorities could impose a $100 fine upon any "re-arrangement of the national anthem in whole or in part". The police, as it turned out, were wrong. The law in question merely forbade using the national anthem "as dance music, as an exit march, or as a part of a medley of any kind", but

This is a document about Performances and adaptations of The Star-Spangled Banner
  Bing Crosby recorded the song on March 22, 1939 for Decca Records. He also recorded it as a reading of the poem with a musical accompaniment on August 15, 1946. Igor Stravinsky's first of his four 1941 arrangements of "The Star-Spangled Banner" led to an incident on January 15, 1944 with the Boston police, but "Boston Police Commissioner Thomas F. Sullivan said there would be no action." "After Stravinsky conducted it with the Boston Symphony for the first time in 1944, the police informed the composer of a Massachusetts law against tampering with national property, and removed the parts from Symphony Hall." The incident

This is a document about Defenders Day
  the Americans refused to surrender, and inspired Maryland lawyer and amateur poet from Frederick named Francis Scott Key, (1779-1843), after witnessing the two days' attack with two companions from an American truce ship anchored and guarded along the sidelines of the enemy fleet. Key composed the words of a four stanza poem entitled "The Defence of Fort McHenry" to what later became "The Star-Spangled Banner", when set a few days later to a musical tune popular with an old English gentlemen's society from the 18th century. It gained increasing popularity over the next 117 years, accepted by American armed forces bands by the 1890s and eventually proclaimed the national anthem of the United States by act of Congress, signed by the President, Herbert Hoover in 1931.

This is a document about Fort Armistead
  Fort Armistead was built from 1897 to 1901 as part of the large-scale Endicott Program. Other forts of this era in the Coast Defenses of Baltimore include Fort Howard, Fort Carroll, and Fort Smallwood. Fort Armistead is in the Hawkins Point section of the city. The fort is named for Major George Armistead (1780-1818, later promoted to Colonel), commander of Fort McHenry during the Battle of Baltimore with the British Royal Navy attack in September 1814 in the War of 1812 that inspired "The Star-Spangled Banner" writing of the poem by Francis Scott Key that later set to music became the American national anthem in 1931. The battle and bombardment has since been celebrated annually by the city, county, and state

This is a document about Fort McHenry
   Francis Scott Key, a Washington lawyer who had come to Baltimore to negotiate the release of Dr. William Beanes, a civilian prisoner of war, witnessed the bombardment from a nearby truce ship. An oversized American flag had been sewn by Mary Pickersgill for $405.90 in anticipation of the British attack on the fort. When Key saw the flag emerge intact in the dawn of September 14, he was so moved that he began that morning to compose "Defence of Fort M'Henry" set to the tune "To Anacreon in Heaven" which would later be renamed "The Star-Spangled Banner" and become the United States' national anthem.

This is a document about George Gershwin
  George Gershwin (born Jacob Gershwine; September 26, 1898 – July 11, 1937) was an American composer and pianist, whose compositions spanned both popular and classical genres. Among his best-known works are the orchestral compositions Rhapsody in Blue (1924) and An American in Paris (1928), the songs "Swanee" (1919) and "Fascinating Rhythm" (1924), the jazz standards "Embraceable You" (1928) and "I Got Rhythm" (1930), and the opera Porgy and Bess (1935), which included the hit "Summertime". Gershwin studied piano under Charles Hambitzer and composition with Rubin Goldmark, Henry Cowell, and Joseph Brody. He began his career as a song plugger but soon started composing Broadway theater works with his brother Ira Gershwin and with Buddy DeSylva. He moved to Paris

John Philip Sousa did not compose the music to "The Star-Spangled Banner." The melody is taken from an 18th-century English song called "To Anacreon in Heaven." The lyrics were written by Francis Scott Key in 1814.


Question: when was the first dry cell battery invented

Answer: 1886

This is a document about Flashlight
  The first dry cell battery was invented in 1887. Unlike previous batteries, it used a paste electrolyte instead of a liquid. This was the first battery suitable for portable electrical devices, as it did not spill or break easily and worked in any orientation. The first mass-produced dry cell batteries came in 1896, and the invention of portable electric lights soon followed. Portable hand-held electric lights offered advantages in convenience and safety over (combustion) torches, candles and lanterns. The electric lamp was odorless, smokeless, and emitted less heat than combustion-powered lighting. It could be instantly turned on and off, and avoided fire risk. On January 10, 1899, British inventor David Misell obtained U.S. Patent No. 617,592, assigned to American Electrical Novelty and Manufacturing Company.

This is a document about Dry cell
  [[File:Dry cell (PSF).png|thumb|upright|Line art drawing of a dry cell: 1. brass cap, 2. plastic seal, 3. expansion space, 4. porous cardboard, 5. zinc can, 6. carbon rod, 7. chemical mixture.]] A dry cell is a type of electric battery, commonly used for portable electrical devices. It was developed in 1886 by the German scientist Carl Gassner, after development of wet zinc–carbon batteries by Georges Leclanché in 1866. The modern version was developed by Japanese Sakizō Yai in 1887. A dry cell uses a paste electrolyte, with only enough moisture to allow current to flow. Unlike a wet cell, a dry cell can operate in any

This is a document about Sakizō Yai
  first electric patent in Japan in 1891. In 1887, Yai was successful in inventing a dry cell electric battery. However, he could not apply for a patent immediately because he could not prepare the application fee for the patent, and the patent for the first dry battery in Japan was obtained by the electrician Ichisaburo Takahashi. Carl Gassner patented the dry cell battery in Germany and Helensen patented the dry cell battery in Denmark in 1888. In 1893, the Tokyo Imperial University's seismograph was exhibited at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition, and the pre-stored batteries used in it surprised the visitors. In 1927, he suffered from gastric cancer and died suddenly of acute pneumonia on June 1 of the same year. He was 63 years old.

This is a document about History of science and technology in Japan
  Dry cell The world's first dry-battery was invented during the Meiji Era. The inventor was Yai Sakizou. Unfortunately, the company Yai founded no longer exists. An award was granted for a dry cell battery by Yai at the 1903 fifth National Industrial Exhibition ( 第5回内国勧業博覧会 ) in Osaka, Japan. It seems that his award was given in recognition of the fact that his battery was already being exported to foreign countries. Reactive lead oxides production method In 1920, Genzo Shimadzu invents "reactive lead oxides production method". Genzo's invention of the reactive lead powder manufacturing method in 1920 revolutionized the quality and cost of lead powder used in storage batteries. The manufactured lead powder was also used

This is a document about List of French inventions and discoveries
 Detent escapement by Pierre Le Roy in 1748. ; Carcel burner in 1800. ; developments of battery ; Dry cell battery by Gaston Planté in 1859 (first practical storage lead-acid battery) ; in 1866, Georges Leclanché patented the carbon-zinc wet cell battery called the Leclanché cell. ; Interchangeable parts by Honoré Blanc. ; Binoculars (using roof prisms) in 1870 by Achille Victor Emile Daubresse. ; Artificial Cement by Louis Vicat. ; Hairdryer in 1879 by Alexandre Godefroy. ; Modern Dry cleaning in 1855 by Jean Baptiste Jolly. ; Reinforced concrete by Joseph Monier in 1849 and patented in 1867. ; Loppers by Bertrand de Molleville. ; Ball bearing by Jules Suriray, a Parisian bicycle mechanic, on 3 August 1869. ; Coronagraph by Bernard Lyot in 1930. ; Stapler

This is a document about History of the battery
  for the cathode and made the battery easier to assemble. It was the first convenient battery for the masses and made portable electrical devices practical, and led directly to the invention of the flashlight. The zinc–carbon battery (as it came to be known) is still manufactured today. In parallel, in 1887 Wilhelm Hellesen developed his own dry cell design. It has been claimed that Hellesen's design preceded that of Gassner. In 1887, a dry-battery was developed by Sakizō Yai (屋井 先蔵) of Japan, then patented in 1892. In 1893, Sakizō Yai's dry-battery was exhibited in World's Columbian Exposition and commanded considerable international attention.

This is a document about 1880s
  the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (all in 1886) and the United States (in 1887). Consumer dry cells would first appear in the 1890s. In 1887, Wilhelm Hellesen of Kalundborg, Denmark patented his own zinc–carbon battery. Within the year, Hellesen and V. Ludvigsen founded a factory in Frederiksberg, producing their batteries. ; 1886: Charles Martin Hall of Thompson Township, Geauga County, Ohio, and Paul Héroult of Thury-Harcourt, Normandy independently discover the same inexpensive method for producing aluminium, which became the first metal to attain widespread use since the prehistoric discovery of iron. The basic invention involves passing an electric

This is a document about Zinc–carbon battery
   By 1876, the wet Leclanché cell was made with a compressed block of manganese dioxide. In 1886, Carl Gassner patented a "dry" version by using a zinc cup as the anode and a paste of plaster of Paris (and later, wheat flour) to jellify the electrolyte and to immobilize it. In 1898, Conrad Hubert used consumer batteries manufactured by W. H. Lawrence to power what was the first flashlight, and subsequently the two formed the Eveready Battery Company. In 1900, Gassner demonstrated dry cells for portable lighting at the World's Fair in Paris. Continual improvements were made to the stability and capacity of zinc–carbon cells throughout the 20th century; by the end of the century the capacities had increased fourfold over the 1910 equivalent.

This is a document about List of Japanese inventions and discoveries
 Lithium-ion battery ; Akira Yoshino invented the modern li-ion battery in 1985. In 1991, Sony and Asahi Kasei released the first commercial lithium-ion battery using Yoshino's design. Dry cell ; The world's first dry-battery was invented in Japan during the Meiji Era. The inventor was Sakizou Yai. Unfortunately, the company Yai founded no longer exists

This is a document about Dry cell
  of zinc chloride added in to extend the shell life. The manganese dioxide cathode was dipped in this paste, and both were sealed in a zinc shell, which also acts as the anode. In November 1887, he obtained for the same device. A dry-battery was invented in Japan during the Meiji Era in 1887. The inventor was Sakizō Yai. However, Yai didn't have enough money to file the patent, the first patent holder of a battery in Japan was not Yai, but Takahashi Ichisaburo. Wilhelm Hellesen also invented a dry-battery and obtained in 1890. Unlike previous wet cells, Gassner's dry

This is a document about Georges Leclanché
  In 1866 he invented the Leclanché cell, one of the first electrical batteries and the forerunner of the modern dry cell battery. It comprised a conducting solution (electrolyte) of ammonium chloride with a negative terminal of zinc (anode/oxidation) and a positive terminal of manganese dioxide (cathode/reduction). Leclanché's "wet cell" (as it was popularly called) was the forerunner to the world's first widely used battery, the zinc–carbon battery. In 1876, Leclanché jellifies the electrolyte of his cell by adding starch to the ammonium chloride, making his cell more portable.

This is a document about Electrical telegraphy in the United Kingdom
  dry weather. Nearly all the successful telegraph systems used extensive electrochemical cells as their power source. The invention of the Daniell cell in 1836 by John Frederic Daniell made this possible. The earlier voltaic pile suffered from falling voltage if used continuously because of the formation of hydrogen bubbles around the copper electrode which tended to insulate it. The Daniell cell solved this problem by placing the zinc and copper electrodes in separate electrolytes with a porous barrier between them. The sulfuric acid electrolyte consumed the hydrogen oxidizing it to water, before it could reach the copper electrode in the copper sulphate

This is a document about Alkaline battery
  Batteries with alkaline (rather than acid) electrolyte were first developed by Waldemar Jungner in 1899, and, working independently, Thomas Edison in 1901. The modern alkaline dry battery using the zinc/manganese dioxide chemistry was invented by the Canadian engineer Lewis Urry in the 1950s in Canada already before he started working for Union Carbide's Eveready Battery division in Cleveland, OH, building on earlier work by Edison. On October 9, 1957, Urry, Karl Kordesch, and P.A. Marsal filed US patent (2,960,558) for the alkaline battery. It was granted in 1960 and was assigned to the Union Carbide Corporation. When introduced in the late 1960s, the zinc electrode of alkaline batteries (in common with the then ubiquitous carbon-zinc cells) had a surface film of mercury amalgam. Its purpose was to control electrolytic action at impurity sites, which would reduce shelf life and promote leakage. With reductions in mercury content being mandated by various legislatures, it became necessary to greatly improve the purity and consistency of the zinc.

This is a document about 1880s
  hours to generate enough steam for submerged operations and about thirty minutes to dive. Once underwater, sudden changes in speed or direction triggered—in the words of a U.S. Navy intelligence report—"dangerous and eccentric movements." ...However, good public relations overcame bad design: Nordenfeldt always demonstrated his boats before a stellar crowd of crowned heads, and Nordenfeldt's submarines were regarded as the world standard." ; 1886–1887: Carl Gassner of Mainz, German Empire receives a patent for a zinc–carbon battery, among the earliest examples of dry cell batteries. Originally patented in the German Empire, Gassner also received patents from Austria-Hungary, Belgium, the French Third

This is a document about National Carbon Company
  Jewett became interested in dry cells and, in his free time, conducted experiments in the laboratory. He developed a paper-lined, 1.5 volt cylindrical dry cell which he showed to Lawrence, who gave Jewett and Little a green light to begin manufacturing commercial dry cells. The trademark "Columbia" was proposed by Nelson C. Cotabish, a sales manager at NCC. In 1896 the company marketed the very first battery intended for widespread consumer use: the sealed, six-inch, 1.5 volt Columbia. NCC was the first company to successfully manufacture and distribute sealed dry cell batteries on a large scale. The company introduced the first D cell battery in

This is a document about Gaston Planté
  In 1859, Planté invented the lead-acid cell, the first rechargeable battery. His early model consisted of a spiral roll of two sheets of pure lead, separated by a linen cloth and immersed in a glass jar of sulfuric acid solution. The following year, he presented a nine-cell lead-acid battery to the Academy of Sciences. In 1881, Camille Alphonse Faure would develop a more efficient and reliable model that saw great success in early electric cars. Planté also investigated the differences between static electricity and dynamic electricity (i.e., from batteries). As part of this investigation, Planté invented a mechanical device that he called the Rheostatic Machine. The Rheostatic Machine

This is a document about Dry cell
  is more solid, does not require maintenance, does not spill, and can be used in any orientation. It provides a potential of 1.5 volts. The first mass-produced model was the Columbia dry cell, first marketed by the National Carbon Company in 1896. The NCC improved Gassner's model by replacing the plaster of Paris with coiled cardboard, an innovation that leaves more space for the cathode and makes the battery easier to assemble. It was the first convenient battery for the masses and made portable electrical devices practical. The zinc–carbon cell (as it came to be known) is still manufactured today.

This is a document about Molten-salt battery
  Thermal batteries originated during World War II when German scientist Georg Otto Erb developed the first practical cells using a salt mixture as an electrolyte. Erb developed batteries for military applications, including the V-1 flying bomb and the V-2 rocket, and artillery fuzing systems. None of these batteries entered field use during the war. Afterwards, Erb was interrogated by British intelligence. His work was reported in "The Theory and Practice of Thermal Cells". This information was subsequently passed on to the United States Ordnance Development Division of the National Bureau of Standards. When the technology reached the United States in 1946, it was immediately applied to replacing

This is a document about History of the battery
  extend the shelf life. The manganese dioxide cathode is dipped in this paste, and both are sealed in a zinc shell, which also acts as the anode. In November 1887, he obtained for the same device. Unlike previous wet cells, Gassner's dry cell is more solid, does not require maintenance, does not spill, and can be used in any orientation. It provides a potential of 1.5 volts. The first mass-produced model was the Columbia dry cell, first marketed by the National Carbon Company in 1896. The NCC improved Gassner's model by replacing the plaster of Paris with coiled cardboard, an innovation that left more

This is a document about Electric battery
  by British chemist John Frederic Daniell, was the first practical source of electricity, becoming an industry standard and seeing widespread adoption as a power source for electrical telegraph networks. It consisted of a copper pot filled with a copper sulfate solution, in which was immersed an unglazed earthenware container filled with sulfuric acid and a zinc electrode. These wet cells used liquid electrolytes, which were prone to leakage and spillage if not handled correctly. Many used glass jars to hold their components, which made them fragile and potentially dangerous. These characteristics made wet cells unsuitable for portable appliances. Near the end of the nineteenth century, the invention of dry cell batteries, which replaced the liquid electrolyte with a paste, made portable electrical devices practical.

The first dry cell battery was invented by Carl Gassner in 1886.


Question: who is singing in the world cup final 2018

Answer: Will Smith

This is a document about 2014 FIFA World Cup marketing
  An official song has been created for every World Cup finals since 1962. In January 2014, FIFA and Sony Music announced that the official song for the tournament will be "We Are One (Ole Ola)" by Pitbull, Jennifer Lopez and Claudia Leitte. A customized version of the song "Dare (La La La)" by Shakira, who provided the official song of the 2010 tournament, will be used as a secondary theme song. Sony also launched a global music contest – entitled 'SuperSong' – to select a song for the competition's official album, One Love, One Rhythm. The contest allowed any person to submit a song via a website, with the winning entrant to be professionally recorded by the singer Ricky Martin. In February 2014, American Elijah King was chosen with the song "Vida". In March 2014, FIFA also announced the addition of an official anthem, selecting the song "Dar um Jeito (We Will Find a Way)", recorded by Avicii, Carlos Santana, Wyclef Jean and Alexandre Pires.

This is a document about Robbie Williams
  2017. A third edition in the Under the Radar series was released on Valentine's Day of 2019. On 14 June 2018, Williams performed at the 2018 FIFA World Cup opening ceremony held at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, Russia. Williams sang "Let Me Entertain You" and "Feel" before he performed a duet of "Angels" with Russian soprano Aida Garifullina. Williams then performed an encore with "Rock DJ", during which he gave the finger. Fox in the U.S. apologised for the incident which they had broadcast live. The incident was not shown on ITV in the UK who had cut away

This is a document about 2014 FIFA World Cup Final
  World Cup final, after Sergio Gonella in 1978 and Pierluigi Collina in 2002. A closing ceremony for the World Cup took place about an hour and forty minutes before the final. A performance of two acts, the ceremony lasted about 20 minutes. The first act featured 22 samba dancers and a host of other performers, 32 of the dancers wearing dresses decorated in the colours of the each of the participating teams. The second act featured musical performances headlined by Colombian singer Shakira, and included singers Carlinhos Brown, Wyclef Jean, Alexandre Pires and Ivete Sangalo as well as guitarist Carlos Santana. Brazilian supermodel Gisele Bündchen and Carles Puyol, a member of Spain's winning team in

This is a document about 2018 FIFA World Cup Final
  The 2018 FIFA World Cup Final was the final match of the 2018 World Cup, the 21st edition of FIFA's competition for national football teams. The match was played at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, Russia, on 15 July 2018, and was contested by France and Croatia. The tournament comprised hosts Russia and 31 other teams who emerged from the qualification phase, organised by the six FIFA confederations. The 32 teams competed in a group stage, from which 16 teams qualified for the knockout stage. En route to the final, France finished first in Group C, with two wins and

This is a document about Brendan Venter
  World Cup Final

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  World Cup Final

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  World Cup Final

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  World Cup Final

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  World Cup Final

This is a document about Chris Rossouw (rugby union, born 1969)
  World Cup Final

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  World Cup Final

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  World Cup Final

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  World Cup Final

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  World Cup Final

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  World Cup Final

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  World Cup Final

This is a document about Hannes Strydom
  World Cup Final

This is a document about UEFA Champions League
  2009, Milan 2016 and Cardiff 2017), Juan Diego Flores (Spanish) (Madrid 2010), All Angels (Wembley 2011), Jonas Kaufmann and David Garrett (Munich 2012), and Mariza (Lisbon 2014). In the 2013 final at Wembley Stadium, the chorus was played twice. In the 2018 and 2019 finals, held in Kyiv and Madrid respectively, the instrumental version of the chorus was played, by 2Cellos (2018) and Asturia Girls (2019). The anthem has been released commercially in its original version on iTunes and Spotify with the title of Champions League Theme. In 2018, composer Hans Zimmer remixed the anthem with rapper Vince Staples for EA Sports' video game FIFA 19, with it also featuring in the game's reveal trailer.

This is a document about UEFA Champions League Anthem
  2012), Mariza (Lisbon 2014, unlike the previous final performers, Mariza sang the main lyric of the anthem), and Nina Maria Fischer and Manuel Gomez Ruiz (Berlin 2015). In the 2013 final at Wembley Stadium, the chorus was played twice. In the 2018 and 2019 finals, held in Kiev and Madrid respectively, the instrumental version of the chorus was played, by 2Cellos (2018) and Asturia Girls (2019), while the 2020 and 2021 finals used the pre-recorded anthem's chorus instead, without any live performances. The complete anthem is about three minutes long, and has two short verses and the chorus. In addition

This is a document about Live It Up (Nicky Jam song)
  Jam, Smith and Istrefi performed the song at the closing ceremony on 15 July 2018 at the Luzhniki Stadium before the final between France and Croatia.

Robbie Williams sang in the opening ceremony of the 2018 FIFA World Cup Final. However, during the final match itself, there was no specific artist performing.