Question: who founded jamestown in what is now virginia

Answer: the Virginia Company of London

This is a document about Virginia
  entire coastal region from South Carolina to Maine, plus the island of Bermuda. Raleigh's colony failed, but in 1606, the new king James I of England issued the First Virginia Charter to the London Company, a joint stock company that financed a new expedition, which was led by Christopher Newport and sailed that December. They landed in Virginia in May 1607, and established a settlement named for the king, Jamestown. Life in the colony was perilous, and many died during the Starving Time in 1609 and in a series of conflicts with the Powhatan Confederacy that started in 1610, and flared up again in 1622, when led by Powhatan's brother,

This is a document about Virginia Governor's Council
  Virginia was founded under a charter granted by King James I to the Virginia Company in 1606. In 1607, the company's governing board in London appointed a small group of seven men to manage the day-to-day affairs of the colony on their behalf after the first settlers landed on the Virginia Peninsula. On April 26, 1607, the Council elected Captain Edward Maria Wingfield as its President, and he would later choose the site for the founding of the Jamestown settlement. There was a lack of strong leadership among the council, which became apparent as soon as they landed at Jamestown in 1607. Internal dissension, allegations of lying, and the unexpected deaths of

This is a document about Colony of Virginia
  The Colony of Virginia, chartered in 1606 and settled in 1607, was the first enduring English colony in North America, following failed proprietary attempts at settlement on Newfoundland by Sir Humphrey Gilbert in 1583, and the subsequent farther south Roanoke Island (modern eastern North Carolina) by Sir Walter Raleigh in the late 1580s. The founder of the new colony was the Virginia Company, with the first two settlements in Jamestown on the north bank of the James River and Popham Colony on the Kennebec River in modern-day Maine, both in 1607. The Popham colony quickly failed due to a famine, disease, and conflicts with local Native American tribes in the first two years. Jamestown occupied land belonging to the Powhatan Confederacy, and was also

This is a document about Jamestown, Saint Helena
  Jamestown was founded in 1659 by the East India Company and is named after James, Duke of York, the future King James II of England. A fort, originally named the Castle of St John, was quickly built and, with the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, the fort was renamed James Fort, the town Jamestown and the valley James Valley. The fort and associated gun batteries dominated James Bay and were sporadically improved over the years. In January 1673 the Dutch East India Company briefly seized control of the island until the English East India Company recaptured it in May. Since

This is a document about Jamestown, Virginia
  The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. It was located on the northeast bank of the James (Powhatan) River about 4 km southwest of the center of modern Williamsburg. It was established by the Virginia Company of London as "James Fort" on May 4, 1607 O.S. (May 14, 1607 N.S.), and was considered permanent after a brief abandonment in 1610. It followed several failed attempts, including the Lost Colony of Roanoke, established in 1585 on Roanoke Island, later part of North Carolina. Jamestown served as the colonial capital from 1616 until 1699. Despite the dispatch of more settlers and supplies,

This is a document about Native American civil rights
  In 1585, an American Indian tribe on the eastern coast of North America made contact with the explorer Richard Grenville. The Native tribesfolk proved hospitable and receptive to Grenville. Yet, when one Native stole a small silver cup from him, Grenville sacked and burned down the entire village in revenge. In 1607, decades after the interaction between the tribesfolk and Grenville, Captain John Smith established the colony of Jamestown in the middle of the Powhatan confederacy in what is now Virginia. Powhatan, the leader of his tribe, refrained from attacking the colonists as they established their settlement. Despite this, conflicts quickly broke out between the colonists

This is a document about Territorial evolution of North America prior to 1763
 May 14, 1607 August 1607  Jamestown was the first successful English settlement on the mainland of North America. Named for King James I of England, Jamestown was founded in the Virginia Colony on May 14, 1607 Arriving in August 1607, these British Plymouth Company colonists established their settlement, known as the Popham Colony, in the present-day town of Phippsburg, Maine near the mouth of the Kennebec River.

This is a document about James City County, Virginia
  The Virginia Company of London was granted a proprietorship (charter) by King James I of England to attempt to establish a colony in the area we now know as Virginia. England had been at war with Spain and was seeking both capital funds and income in the form of royalties. In December, 1606, three ships set sail from England, led by Captain Christopher Newport. Upon reaching the New World at Cape Henry, they selected a site to settle about 40 mi inland from the coast along a river to be better protected from attacks by sea from other Europeans. Soon after the establishment of Jamestown in 1607 in the new Colony of Virginia, English settlers first explored and then began settling more of the areas adjacent to Hampton Roads and along

This is a document about Jamestowne Society
  In May 1607, Jamestown was established as the first permanent English settlement in what is now the United States. It was founded by the London branch of the Virginia Company, which was competing with the Plymouth branch to settle the Colony of Virginia. Jamestown was the capital of the Colony for 83 years, from 1616 until 1699. At that time, the capital was relocated to Middle Plantation, about 8 mi distant. (That small community, which had also become home to the new College of William and Mary in 1693, was renamed Williamsburg in 1699).

This is a document about Kahal Kadosh Beth Shalome
  Virginia Colony emerged from the ashes of the Roanoke Colony. Sir Walter Raleigh was the owner of the charter for the Roanoke/Virginia Colony. Roanoke Colony was financed by Sir Humphrey Gilbert, who drowned in 1583. Sir Humphrey Gilbert's half brother, Sir Walter Raleigh, attained his brother's charter to colonize North America from Queen Elizabeth I on March 25, 1584, and proceeded to fulfill the charter through Ralph Lane and Richard Grenville, Raleigh's distant cousin. On August 17, 1585, Ralph Lane, along with 107 men, built a fort on Roanoke Island as Grenville sailed back to England for supplies. By April 1586 conditions on

This is a document about History of Jamestown, Virginia (1607–1699)
  Jamestown, also Jamestowne, was the first settlement of the Virginia Colony, founded in 1607, and served as the capital of Virginia until 1699, when the seat of government was moved to Williamsburg. This article covers the history of the fort and town at Jamestown proper, as well as colony-wide trends resulting from and affecting the town during the time period in which it was the colonial capital of Virginia.

This is a document about History of the United States
   The first successful English colony, Jamestown, was established by the Virginia Company in 1607 on the James River in Virginia. The colonists were preoccupied with the search for gold and were ill-equipped for life in the New World. Captain John Smith held the fledgling Jamestown together in the first year, and the colony descended into anarchy and nearly failed when he returned to England two years later. John Rolfe began experimenting with tobacco from the West Indies in 1612, and by 1614 the first shipment arrived in London. It became Virginia's chief source of revenue within a decade. In 1624, after years of disease and Indian attacks, including the Powhatan attack of 1622, King James I revoked the Virginia Company's charter and made Virginia a royal colony.

This is a document about List of former counties, cities, and towns of Virginia
  Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement in North America, and included what was thereafter "Virginia." (The Pilgrims and the Plymouth Company's successor finally established a permanent colony at Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620, but by then the area was no longer part of Virginia. The region was christened "New England" by Captain John Smith, who had played a crucial role in Jamestown's earliest years). On May 14, 1607, the Virginia Company of London (competing with the Virginia Company of Plymouth) was the first to achieve a permanent settlement with the establishment of Jamestown Island. While favorable for defending from attacks by enemy ships, the location was poorly sited for supporting a substantial population, with brackish water, little hunting game, and high risk of attacks by hostile Native American tribes. Jamestown's survival was

This is a document about List of Jamestown colonists
  On May 14, 1607, 104 English men and boys established the Jamestown Settlement for the Virginia Company, on a slender peninsula on the bank of the Jamestown River. It became the first long-term English settlement in North America. The settlement was built on the banks of Virginia's James River. The trips aboard the ships Susan Constant, Discovery, and the Godspeed, and the settlement itself, were sponsored by the Virginia Company of London, whose stockholders hoped to make a profit from the resources of the New World. The community suffered terrible hardships in its early years, including starvation leading to cannibalism and Indian attacks, and many hundreds died. With resupply and additional immigrants, it managed to endure, becoming America's first permanent English colony. The site for Jamestown was

This is a document about Historic Jamestown
  Jamestown, first established in the Virginia Colony at Jamestown, on May 13, 1607, was the site of the first permanent English settlement in North America. Upon arrival, the hundred-some colonists set about constructing a fort to protect themselves from the nearby Virginia Indian tribes and from a potential attack from the Spanish settlements in Florida. Between 1609 and 1610, lack of local food and replenishment of supplies from England, and inability to cope with disease led to the "starving time", which only 60 colonists survived. The colony was resupplied with new colonists, and over the next several decades became the center of government for the English colonists. The port received additional arrivals from England to the new land, with about 500

This is a document about John Rolfe
  A project of the proprietary Virginia Company of London, Jamestown had been established by an initial group of settlers on 14 May 1607. This colony proved as troubled as earlier English settlements. Two return trips with supplies by Christopher Newport arrived in 1608, while another large relief fleet was dispatched in 1609, carrying hundreds of new settlers and supplies across the Atlantic. Heading the Third Supply fleet was the new flagship of the Virginia Company, the Sea Venture, carrying Rolfe and his wife, Sarah Hacker. The Third Supply fleet left England in May 1609 destined for Bermuda with seven large ships, towing two smaller pinnaces. In the southern region of

This is a document about Hampton Roads
  The Historic Triangle is located on the Virginia Peninsula and includes the colonial communities of Jamestown, Williamsburg, and Yorktown. The sites are linked by a scenic roadway, the National Park Service's Colonial Parkway. The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. It was established by the Virginia Company of London as "James Fort" on May 4, 1607, and was considered permanent after brief abandonment in 1610. It followed several failed attempts, including the Lost Colony of Roanoke. Jamestown served as the capital of the colony of Virginia for 83 years, from 1616 until 1699.

This is a document about Grove, Virginia
  Initially, the English of the Virginia Company of London chose Jamestown for their first settlement of the Virginia Colony. They arrived in 1607 in a fleet of three ships commanded by Christopher Newport. (See main article Jamestown, Virginia) After five difficult years, the new colony gradually began expanding. Settlers established plantations along the James River, largely to grow non-native strains of tobacco. This was introduced and successfully exported in 1612 by colonist John Rolfe, who later married Pocahontas, daughter of the Powhatan. About 7 mi downstream from Jamestown on the north bank of the river, just east of Grove Creek, the Grove area was originally settled by English colonists in 1618 as part of Martin's Hundred. The proprietary plantation of over 20,000 acres (80 km2) was an enterprise of the Martin's Hundred Society, a London-based investment group operating

This is a document about Robert Hues
  Accidence or The Path-way to Experience: Necessary for all Young Sea-men (1626), John Smith, who founded the first permanent English settlement in North America at Jamestown, Virginia, listed Hues' book among the works that a young seaman should study.  Tractatus de globis begins with a letter by Hues dedicated to Raleigh that recalled geographical discoveries made by Englishmen during Elizabeth I's reign. However, he felt that his countrymen would have surpassed the Spaniards and Portuguese if they had a complete knowledge of astronomy and geometry, which were essential to successful navigation. In the preface of the book, Hues rehearsed arguments that proved the earth is

This is a document about London Company
  In December 1606, the Virginia Company's three ships, containing 105 men and boys as passengers and 39 crew members, set sail from Blackwall, London and made landfall on 26 April 1607 at the southern edge of the mouth of what they named the James River on the Chesapeake Bay. They named this shore as Cape Henry. They were attacked by Native Americans, and the settlers moved north. On 14 May 1607, these first settlers selected the site of Jamestown Island, further upriver and on the northern shore, as the place to build their fort. In addition to survival, the early colonists were expected to make a

Jamestown was founded by the London Company in 1607. The first permanent English settlement in Virginia, it was named after King James I of England.


Question: when was the first hydrogen fuel cell created

Answer: 1842

This is a document about Fuel cell
  The first references to hydrogen fuel cells appeared in 1838. In a letter dated October 1838 but published in the December 1838 edition of The London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, Welsh physicist and barrister Sir William Grove wrote about the development of his first crude fuel cells. He used a combination of sheet iron, copper and porcelain plates, and a solution of sulphate of copper and dilute acid. In a letter to the same publication written in December 1838 but published in June 1839, German physicist Christian Friedrich Schönbein discussed the first crude fuel cell that he had invented. His letter discussed current generated from hydrogen and oxygen dissolved in water. Grove

This is a document about Fuel cell vehicle
  The concept of the fuel cell was first demonstrated by Humphry Davy in 1801, but the invention of the first working fuel cell is credited to William Grove, a chemist, lawyer, and physicist. Grove's experiments with what he called a "gas voltaic battery" proved in 1842 that an electric current could be produced by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen over a platinum catalyst. English engineer Francis Thomas Bacon expanded on Grove's work, creating and demonstrating various Alkaline fuel cells from 1939 to 1959. The first modern fuel cell vehicle was a modified Allis-Chalmers farm tractor, fitted with a 15 kilowatt fuel

This is a document about History of electrochemistry
  time. William Grove produced the first fuel cell in 1839. He based his experiment on the fact that sending an electric current through water splits the water into its component parts of hydrogen and oxygen. So, Grove tried reversing the reaction—combining hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity and water. Eventually the term fuel cell was coined in 1889 by Ludwig Mond and Charles Langer, who attempted to build the first practical device using air and industrial coal gas. He also introduced a powerful battery at the annual meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1839. Grove's first cell

This is a document about United States hydrogen policy
   The principle of a fuel cell was discovered by Christian Friedrich Schönbein in 1838, and the first fuel cell was constructed by Sir William Robert Grove in 1839. The fuel cells made at this time were most similar to today's phosphoric acid fuel cells. Most hydrogen fuel cells today are of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) type. A PEM converts the chemical energy released during the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy. The Energy Policy Act of 1992 was the first national legislation that called for large-scale hydrogen research. A five-year program was conducted that investigated the production of hydrogen from renewable energy sources and the feasibility of existing natural gas pipelines to carry hydrogen. It also called for the research into hydrogen storage systems for electric vehicles and the development of fuel cells suitable to power an electric motor vehicle.

This is a document about Timeline of hydrogen technologies
  fuel cell golf carts. ; 1966 – General Motors presents Electrovan, the world's first fuel cell automobile. ; 1966 – Slush hydrogen ; 1966 – J-2 (rocket engine) liquid hydrogen rocket engine flies ; 1967 – Akira Fujishima discovers the Honda-Fujishima effect which is used for photocatalysis in the photoelectrochemical cell. ; 1967 – Hydride compressor ; 1970 – Nickel hydrogen battery ; 1970 – John Bockris or Lawrence W. Jones coined the term hydrogen economy ; 1973 – The 30 km hydrogen pipeline in Isbergues ; 1973 – Linear compressor ; 1975 – John Bockris – Energy The Solar-Hydrogen Alternative

This is a document about Fuel cell
  sketched his design, in 1842, in the same journal. The fuel cell he made used similar materials to today's phosphoric acid fuel cell. In 1932, English engineer Francis Thomas Bacon successfully developed a 5 kW stationary fuel cell. The alkaline fuel cell (AFC), also known as the Bacon fuel cell after its inventor, is one of the most developed fuel cell technologies, which NASA has used since the mid-1960s. In 1955, W. Thomas Grubb, a chemist working for the General Electric Company (GE), further modified the original fuel cell design by using a sulphonated polystyrene ion-exchange membrane as the electrolyte. Three years later another GE chemist, Leonard Niedrach, devised a way of depositing platinum onto the

This is a document about General Motors
  The 1966 GM Electrovan is credited with being the first hydrogen fuel cell car ever produced. Though fuel cells have been around since the early 1800s, General Motors was the first to use a fuel cell, supplied by Union Carbide, to power the wheels of a vehicle with a budget of "millions of dollars". In 2002, it was reported that GM spent about $100 million a year in research and development of fuel cell vehicle. In June 2007, Larry Burns, vice president of research and development, said he was not yet willing to say exactly when hydrogen vehicles would be mass-produced, but he said it should happen before 2020, the year many experts have predicted. He said "I sure would be disappointed if we weren't there" before 2020. On July 2, 2013, GM and Honda announced a partnership to develop fuel cell systems and hydrogen storage technologies for the 2020 time frame. GM and Honda are leaders in fuel cell technology, ranking No. 1 and No. 2, respectively, in total fuel cell patents filed between 2002 and 2012, with more than 1,200 between them according to the Clean Energy Patent Growth Index.

This is a document about Timeline of hydrogen technologies
  generation of the electricity. ; 1839 – Christian Friedrich Schönbein published the principle of the fuel cell in the "Philosophical Magazine". ; 1839 – William Robert Grove developed the Grove cell. ; 1842 – William Robert Grove developed the first fuel cell (which he called the gas voltaic battery) ; 1849 – Eugène Bourdon – Bourdon gauge (manometer) ; 1863 – Etienne Lenoir made a test drive from Paris to Joinville-le-Pont with the 1-cylinder, 2-stroke Hippomobile. ; 1866 – August Wilhelm von Hofmann invents the Hofmann voltameter for the electrolysis of water. ; 1873 – Thaddeus S. C. Lowe – Water gas, the process used the

This is a document about Electrochemistry
  Ohm expressed his law in this famous book "Die galvanische Kette, mathematisch bearbeitet" (The Galvanic Circuit Investigated Mathematically) in which he gave his complete theory of electricity. In 1832, Michael Faraday's experiments led him to state his two laws of electrochemistry. In 1836, John Daniell invented a primary cell which solved the problem of polarization by eliminating hydrogen gas generation at the positive electrode. Later results revealed that alloying the amalgamated zinc with mercury would produce a higher voltage. William Grove produced the first fuel cell in 1839. In 1846, Wilhelm Weber developed the electrodynamometer. In 1868, Georges Leclanché patented a new cell which

This is a document about Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell
  Before the invention of PEM fuel cells, existing fuel cell types such as solid-oxide fuel cells were only applied in extreme conditions. Such fuel cells also required very expensive materials and could only be used for stationary applications due to their size. These issues were addressed by the PEM fuel cell. The PEM fuel cell was invented in the early 1960s by Willard Thomas Grubb and Leonard Niedrach of General Electric. Initially, sulfonated polystyrene membranes were used for electrolytes, but they were replaced in 1966 by Nafion ionomer, which proved to be superior in performance and durability to sulfonated polystyrene. PEM fuel cells were used in the NASA Gemini series of spacecraft, but they were replaced by Alkaline fuel cells in the

This is a document about Francis Thomas Bacon
  In 1932, Francis Thomas Bacon developed the fuel cell which was used as part of the Apollo moon project in the 1960s. Fuel cells were first demonstrated by Sir William Robert Grove in 1839, but his invention lay largely dormant for over 100 years until it was revived by Bacon. The alkaline fuel cell (AFC), also known as the Bacon fuel cell after its inventor, has been used in NASA space programs since the mid-1960s to generate power for satellites and space capsules. American President Richard Nixon welcomed Bacon to the White House, and told him; "Without you Tom, we wouldn't have gotten to the moon.” After the successful lunar landing of Apollo 11 in July 1969, Tom and

This is a document about Electrochemical cell
   A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen fuel with oxygen or another oxidizing agent. Fuel cells are different from batteries in requiring a continuous source of fuel and oxygen (usually from air) to sustain the chemical reaction, whereas in a battery the chemical energy comes from chemicals already present in the battery. Fuel cells can produce electricity continuously for as long as fuel and oxygen are supplied. The first fuel cells were invented in 1838. The first commercial use of fuel cells came more than a century later in NASA space programmes to

This is a document about Fuel cell
  which served as catalyst for the necessary hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions. This became known as the "Grubb-Niedrach fuel cell". GE went on to develop this technology with NASA and McDonnell Aircraft, leading to its use during Project Gemini. This was the first commercial use of a fuel cell. In 1959, a team led by Harry Ihrig built a 15 kW fuel cell tractor for Allis-Chalmers, which was demonstrated across the U.S. at state fairs. This system used potassium hydroxide as the electrolyte and compressed hydrogen and oxygen as the reactants. Later in 1959, Bacon and his colleagues demonstrated a practical five-kilowatt unit capable of powering a welding machine. In the 1960s, Pratt &

This is a document about Fuel cell
  licensed Bacon's U.S. patents for use in the U.S. space program to supply electricity and drinking water (hydrogen and oxygen being readily available from the spacecraft tanks). In 1991, the first hydrogen fuel cell automobile was developed by Roger Billings. UTC Power was the first company to manufacture and commercialize a large, stationary fuel cell system for use as a co-generation power plant in hospitals, universities and large office buildings. In recognition of the fuel cell industry and America's role in fuel cell development, the US Senate recognized 8 October 2015 as National Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Day, passing S. RES 217. The date was chosen in recognition of the atomic weight of hydrogen (1.008).

This is a document about Timeline of hydrogen technologies
  of the fuel cell. ; 1895 – Hydrolysis ; 1896 – Jackson D.D. and Ellms J.W., hydrogen production by microalgae (Anabaena) ; 1896 – Leon Teisserenc de Bort carries out experiments with high flying instrumental weather balloons. ; 1897 – Paul Sabatier facilitated the use of hydrogenation with the discovery of the Sabatier reaction. ; 1898 – James Dewar liquefied hydrogen by using regenerative cooling and his invention, the vacuum flask at the Royal Institution of Great Britain in London. ; 1899 – James Dewar collected solid hydrogen for the first time. ; 1900 – Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin launched the first hydrogen-filled Zeppelin LZ1 airship.

This is a document about Fuel cell
   A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of a fuel (often hydrogen) and an oxidizing agent (often oxygen ) into electricity through a pair of redox reactions. Fuel cells are different from most batteries in requiring a continuous source of fuel and oxygen (usually from air) to sustain the chemical reaction, whereas in a battery the chemical energy usually comes from metals and their ions or oxides that are commonly already present in the battery, except in flow batteries. Fuel cells can produce electricity continuously for as long as fuel and oxygen are supplied. The first fuel cells were invented by Sir William Grove in 1838. The first commercial use of fuel

This is a document about Timeline of hydrogen technologies
  gas shift reaction. ; 1874 – Jules Verne – The Mysterious Island, "water will one day be employed as fuel, that hydrogen and oxygen of which it is constituted will be used" ; 1884 – Charles Renard and Arthur Constantin Krebs launch the airship La France. ; 1885 – Zygmunt Florenty Wróblewski published hydrogen's critical temperature as 33 K; critical pressure, 13.3 atmospheres; and boiling point, 23 K. ; 1889 – Ludwig Mond and Carl Langer coined the name fuel cell and tried to build one running on air and Mond gas. ; 1893 – Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald experimentally determined the interconnected roles of the various

This is a document about Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell
  program and in the Space shuttle. Parallel with Pratt and Whitney Aircraft, General Electric developed the first proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) for the Gemini space missions in the early 1960s. The first mission to use PEMFCs was Gemini V. However, the Apollo space missions and subsequent Apollo-Soyuz, Skylab and Space Shuttle missions used fuel cells based on Bacon's design, developed by Pratt and Whitney Aircraft. Extremely expensive materials were used and the fuel cells required very pure hydrogen and oxygen. Early fuel cells tended to require inconveniently high operating temperatures that were a problem in many applications. However, fuel cells were seen to be desirable due to the large amounts of fuel available (hydrogen and oxygen). Despite their success in

This is a document about Fuel cell
  came more than a century later following the invention of the hydrogen–oxygen fuel cell by Francis Thomas Bacon in 1932. The alkaline fuel cell, also known as the Bacon fuel cell after its inventor, has been used in NASA space programs since the mid-1960s to generate power for satellites and space capsules. Since then, fuel cells have been used in many other applications. Fuel cells are used for primary and backup power for commercial, industrial and residential buildings and in remote or inaccessible areas. They are also used to power fuel cell vehicles, including forklifts, automobiles, buses, boats, motorcycles and submarines. There are many types of fuel cells, but they all consist of an anode, a

This is a document about Timeline of hydrogen technologies
  Mike, the first successful test of a nuclear explosive based on hydrogen (actually, deuterium) fusion ; 1952 – Non-Refrigerated transport Dewar ; 1955 – W. Thomas Grubb modified the fuel cell design by using a sulphonated polystyrene ion-exchange membrane as the electrolyte. ; 1957 – Pratt & Whitney's model 304 jet engine using liquid hydrogen as fuel tested for the first time as part of the Lockheed CL-400 Suntan project. ; 1957 – The specifications for the U-2 a double axle liquid hydrogen semi-trailer were issued. ; 1958 – Leonard Niedrach devised a way of depositing platinum onto the membrane, this

The first hydrogen fuel cell was created by William Grove in 1839.


Question: when did jackie robinson retire from the brooklyn dodgers

Answer: 1956

This is a document about 1997 Major League Baseball season
 April 15 – In an unprecedented move, Commissioner of Baseball Bud Selig announces on the 50th Anniversary of Jackie Robinson's debut that the number he wore with the Brooklyn Dodgers, number 42, would be unilaterally retired throughout all of Major League Baseball during a mid-game ceremony in a game between the Dodgers and the New York Mets at Shea Stadium Rachael Robinson, Jackie's widow and President Bill Clinton attend the event as well. The number would be worn by players during the anniversary of his major league debut, and would still be worn by players who started wearing the number before the announcement, most

This is a document about New York Yankees
  retired in Major League Baseball history. Beneath the numbers are plaques with the names of the players and a descriptive paragraph. The number 42 was retired throughout Major League Baseball in honor of Jackie Robinson on April 15, 1997, the 50th anniversary of his breaking the color barrier. The day was declared Jackie Robinson Day, and was later observed by all of baseball, with select players from every team wearing the number 42. Players who wore No. 42 at the time were allowed to continue to wear it until they left the team with which they played on April 15, 1997; Mariano Rivera was the last active player covered under that grandfather clause. While other

This is a document about Los Angeles Dodgers
  seasons in which each was inducted into the Hall of Fame. In 1997, 50 years after he broke the color barrier and 25 years after the Dodgers retired his number, Robinson's No. 42 was retired throughout Major League Baseball. Robinson is the only major league baseball player to have this honor bestowed upon him. Starting in the 2007 season, Jackie Robinson Day (April 15, commemorating Opening Day of Robinson's rookie season of 1947) has featured many or all players and coaches wearing the number 42 as a tribute to Robinson. The Dodgers have not issued the number 34 since the departure of Fernando Valenzuela in 1991, although it has not been officially retired. In 2017, the Dodgers honored broadcaster Vin Scully with a microphone displayed alongside the team's retired numbers. In 2018 Spanish language broadcaster Jaime Jarrín was honored with a microphone displayed alongside the team's retired numbers.

This is a document about Jackie Robinson Day
   Baseball players of Black African descent were excluded from Major League Baseball until 1947. On April 15, 1947, Jackie Robinson made his major league debut for the Brooklyn Dodgers at Ebbets Field before a crowd of 26,623 spectators, more than 14,000 of whom were black. By the late 1950s, the percentage of black players on Major League teams matched or exceeded that of the general population. In 1997, MLB retired his uniform number, 42, across all major league teams; he was the first pro athlete in any sport to be so honored. After baseball, Robinson became heavily involved working for the NAACP, campaigning for civil rights. Robinson worked with President Richard Nixon and the Governor of New York, Nelson Rockefeller.

This is a document about Road Warriors (Atlantic League)
 42, Jackie Robinson, retired throughout baseball

This is a document about Houston Apollos (baseball)
 42, Jackie Robinson, retired throughout baseball

This is a document about Southern Maryland Blue Crabs
 42 (Jackie Robinson): 2B, Retired throughout professional baseball on April 15, 1997

This is a document about Lancaster Barnstormers
 42 (Jackie Robinson): 2B, Retired throughout professional baseball on April 15, 1997

This is a document about Jackie Robinson
  in 1947, was an All-Star for six consecutive seasons from 1949 through 1954, and won the National League Most Valuable Player Award in 1949—the first black player so honored. Robinson played in six World Series and contributed to the Dodgers' 1955 World Series championship. In 1997, MLB retired his uniform number 42 across all major league teams; he was the first professional athlete in any sport to be so honored. MLB also adopted a new annual tradition, "Jackie Robinson Day", for the first time on April 15, 2004, on which every player on every team wears No. 42. Robinson's character, his use of

This is a document about Dodgers–Giants rivalry
  The rivalry extends to players as well. Jackie Robinson retired rather than report to the Giants after being traded to them by the Dodgers in December of. According to legend and his teammate Tommy Lasorda, he did so because he had come to hate the Giants after ten years in Dodger Blue. This notion has been challenged on the grounds that Robinson would have been 38 years old when the new season began, and simply decided to retire. Nevertheless, in a gesture that transcends this heated rivalry, Robinson's retired blue Dodgers numeral '42' hangs in the Giants' home ballpark, Oracle Park, just as it does at all other MLB ballparks in remembrance of Robinson's breaking the color barrier in Major League Baseball.

This is a document about San Diego Padres retired numbers
  In 2016, The San Diego Union-Tribune ranked Garvey's Game 4 homer as the No. 1 moment in San Diego sports history. However, he played 14 of his 19 seasons with the rival Los Angeles Dodgers, where he was also more productive, and the retirement of his number by San Diego has been heavily debated. On April 15, 1997, exactly 50 years after Jackie Robinson broke the baseball color line, the No. 42 he wore with the Brooklyn Dodgers was retired throughout major league baseball. Later that year, Randy Jones's No. 35 was retired by the Padres. He was a two-time All-Star in 1975 and 1976, when he was

This is a document about Jackie Robinson Day
  Robinson first set foot on a Major League Baseball field", said Selig. "On that day, Jackie brought down the color barrier and ushered in the era in which baseball became the true national pastime. Fifty years after that historic event, in April 1997, I was proud to join Rachel Robinson and President Bill Clinton at Shea Stadium to honor Jackie by retiring his uniform number 42 in perpetuity. By establishing April 15 as 'Jackie Robinson Day' throughout Major League Baseball, we are further ensuring that the incredible contributions and sacrifices he made — for baseball and society — will not be forgotten." It began that Thursday morning with Sharon Robinson, ringing the ceremonial Opening Bell at the New York Stock Exchange. Rachel Robinson (Jackie Robinson's wife), officials

This is a document about Monument Park (Yankee Stadium)
  blocks matching the original three of Huggins, Gehrig, and Ruth. In 1985, the center field fence was moved in to 410 ft, and the Yankees made Monument Park accessible to fans prior to most games at Yankee Stadium. Monument Park was also part of the public tour of the venue. In honor of Jackie Robinson, his No. 42 was retired throughout baseball on April 15, 1997, the 50th anniversary of his major league debut. The Yankees erected a plaque for Robinson Players active at the time of the number's retirement in 1997 were granted a special exemption permitting them to continue wearing the number for the remainder of their careers; the last such active player to wear No. 42 was Yankee relief pitcher Mariano Rivera.

This is a document about 1997 New York Mets season
  On April 15 the Mets hosted ceremonies marking the 50th anniversary of Jackie Robinson's first game with the Brooklyn Dodgers before their game against the Los Angeles Dodgers at Shea Stadium. The ceremony was attended by President Bill Clinton and commissioner Bud Selig announced that Robinson's jersey number, 42, would be retired permanently across baseball. The Mets won the game 5-0.

This is a document about Jackie Robinson Day
  April 15, 2007, was the 60th anniversary of Jackie Robinson's major league debut, with ceremonies held at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, California. During the 2007 regular season, Ken Griffey Jr. called Bud Selig to ask for permission to wear number 42 on Jackie Robinson Day. Griffey received special permission from Rachel Robinson to wear number 42 on Jackie Robinson Day of 2007. Number 42 had been retired for all Major League Baseball teams. This meant that no future Major League Baseball player could wear it. The number was retired in a ceremony which took place in 1997 at Shea Stadium to mark the 50th anniversary of Robinson's first game with

This is a document about Jack Newfield
  lead poison prevention program, a model for other urban areas. From 1999 to 2004, Newfield wrote a series of columns advocating for the idea of a memorial honoring Jackie Robinson (1919–1972), legendary for his role as the first black professional baseball player in the major leagues, and Brooklyn Dodgers baseball team captain Pee Wee Reese, who together made history. In 2005, a commemorative sculpture by William Behrends was installed at the center of a circular lawn and perimeter walkway designed by Ken Smith, inscribed with commentary related to the lives and achievements of the athletes, in front of a Brooklyn ball field, Key Span Park. Still working until the end of his life, Jack Newfield died in New York City, succumbing to kidney cancer on December 21, 2004, at the age of 66.

This is a document about 2007 Major League Baseball season
  On April 15, Major League Baseball celebrated the sixtieth anniversary of the debut of Jackie Robinson at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, breaking the color barrier. Cincinnati Reds outfielder Ken Griffey Jr. asked Robinson's widow, Rachel, and commissioner Bud Selig for permission to wear Robinson's number 42 in honor of him. He was granted permission, and Selig later said that any player who wanted to wear number 42 on his jersey could. The jersey was worn without the players' name on the back, as was the case when Robinson played with the Brooklyn Dodgers. All jerseys that were worn were auctioned off

This is a document about List of Major League Baseball retired numbers
  Normally the individual clubs are responsible for retiring numbers. On April 15, 1997, Major League Baseball took the unusual move of retiring a number for all teams. On the 50th anniversary of Jackie Robinson's breaking the major league color barrier, his number 42 was retired throughout the majors, at the order of Commissioner Bud Selig. This meant that no future player on any major league team could wear number 42, although players wearing #42 at the time were allowed to continue wearing it (Mariano Rivera was the last active player to be grandfathered in, retiring after the 2013 season). Starting in the 2007 season, the 60th anniversary of Robinson's Major League debut, players and coaches have all worn the number 42 as a tribute to Robinson on Jackie Robinson Day, April 15. There is a lobby to have uniform #21 retired in all of baseball to honor Roberto Clemente.

This is a document about List of Los Angeles Dodgers seasons
  season since World War I, with their worst record being in 1992 with 63 wins and 99 losses. The following year, the Dodgers finished at .500 for the only time in 138 seasons. The Dodgers' .682 winning percentage in 1953 stood as the best single-season winning percentage in franchise history until 2020, when the Dodgers posted a .717 mark (43–17) during a shortened 60-game season. The most wins the Dodgers ever had in a season was 106, which they did twice in 2019 and 2021. Their most successful period, between 1947 (Jackie Robinson’s first season) and 1966 (Sandy Koufax’s retirement at the age of 30 following

This is a document about Wendell Smith (sportswriter)
  Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947. In 1948, Smith released his book, Jackie Robinson: My Own Story. Later, Smith moved on to Chicago and joined the white-owned Chicago Herald-American. Smith left his baseball beat and covered mostly boxing for the American. In 1947, his application to join the BBWAA was approved, and he became the first African American member of the organization. Smith moved to television in 1964 when he joined Chicago television station WGN as a sports anchor, though he continued to write a weekly column for the Chicago Sun-Times. Smith died of pancreatic cancer at age 58 in 1972, just a month after Robinson. Smith had been too ill to attend Robinson's funeral, but he wrote Robinson's obituary.

Jackie Robinson retired from the Brooklyn Dodgers on January 14, 1957. However, his number 42 was retired by the Dodgers and all of Major League Baseball on April 15, 1997.


Question: real name of gwen stacy in amazing spiderman

Answer: Emma Stone

This is a document about Gwen Stacy (The Amazing Spider-Man film series)
  Gwendolyne Maxine Stacy was a fictional character in Marc Webb's Amazing Spider-Man films, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko. She was portrayed by Emma Stone in the films The Amazing Spider-Man and The Amazing Spider-Man 2. As opposed to taking a supporting role in the previous film trilogy, Gwen is given a prominent role in Webb's films as one of Peter Parker's classmates, serving as his primary love interest and a foil to his character. Webb based Gwen's character off of her traditional comic-book portrayal. For her performance in the films, Stone has received critical praise and wider recognition, despite the divided response to the film series as a whole.

This is a document about Gwen Stacy
  Gwendolyne Maxine Stacy is a fictional character who appears in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, usually as a supporting character in those featuring Spider-Man. A college student, she was the first romantic interest for Peter Parker following his high school graduation before she was murdered by the Green Goblin (Norman Osborn). Her death has haunted Peter ever since, and stories published long afterwards indicate she still holds a special place in his heart. The character has been portrayed by Bryce Dallas Howard in the 2007 film Spider-Man 3 and by Emma Stone in the 2012 reboot film The Amazing Spider-Man and its 2014 sequel The Amazing Spider-Man 2. An alternate reality rendition of the character was voiced by Hailee Steinfeld in the 2018 animated film Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse.

This is a document about Gwen Stacy
 Emma Stone portrays Gwen Stacy in the live-action films, The Amazing Spider-Man and its sequel The Amazing Spider-Man 2. This version serves as Peter Parker's love interest, classmate, and character foil. Additionally, she works at Oscorp as an assistant to Dr. Curt Connors. After falling in love in the first film, the second film sees Parker and Stacy going through an on-and-off relationship before she is killed by the Green Goblin. ; In an interview with Screen Rant, Stone expressed interest in returning as a resurrected Stacy in a future The Amazing Spider-Man film, despite the character's death at the end of The Amazing Spider-Man

This is a document about Gwen Stacy
  Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Steve Ditko, Gwen Stacy first appeared in The Amazing Spider-Man #31 (December 1965). Stan Lee claimed that his wife, Joan, was the inspiration for Gwen.

This is a document about Emma Stone
   Stone turned down a role in the action comedy film 21 Jump Street after signing on to Marc Webb's 2012 film The Amazing Spider-Man, a reboot of Sam Raimi's Spider-Man series. She portrayed Gwen Stacy, the love interest of the title character (played by Andrew Garfield). Stone returned to her natural blonde hair color for the role, having dyed it red previously. She admitted to having never read the comics, and therefore felt responsible to educate herself about Spider-Man: "My experience was with the Sam Raimi movies ... I always assumed that Mary Jane was his first love", adding that she was only familiar with

This is a document about Gwenpool
 In various animated series such as Marvel Rising and Marvel's Spidey and His Amazing Friends, Ghost-Spider's civilian identity Gwen Stacy has Gwen Poole's partially dyed pink highlights in her blonde hair. This was cited by a character designer for Marvel Rising having mistaken an image of Gwen Poole by Gurihiru for Gwen Stacy while using Google Images to reference the former character's physical appearance during the series' development. ; Gwen Poole's hair highlights are also incorporated in Gwen Stacy / Spider-Woman's redesign in the 2022 animated feature film Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse (Part One), in reference to Marvel Rising. ; In the fourth

This is a document about List of The Spectacular Spider-Man characters
  Gwen Stacy (voiced by Lacey Chabert) is the main love interest of Peter Parker in the show. Gwen is the daughter of police captain George Stacy, and is one of Peter Parker's best friends and intellectual equal; they are both recommended by their teacher to work in the lab of Doctor Connors. Although initially strong willed, kind, harboring deep feelings for her best friend Peter and unconcerned with her appearance, she gradually evolves into a more confident and attractive character more closely resembling and truly faithful to her comic book counterpart. She is always supportive of Peter, and also shows well-meaning concern for Harry Osborn. Although she is Peter's best friend, her weakness is that she has a colossal crush on Peter.

This is a document about Gwen Stacy (The Amazing Spider-Man film series)
 This version of the character also appears in The Amazing Spider-Man movie video game, voiced by Kari Wahlgren. Several months after the film, Gwen continues to work at Oscorp, and occasionally provides assistance to Spider-Man. ; Gwen Stacy does not appear in The Amazing Spider-Man 2 movie video game, but is mentioned by Peter Parker while speaking to his Aunt May when he excuses himself to leave the house and pretend to check up on Gwen during an attack on Oscorp (when in reality, she wasn't present at the incident). Beenox confirmed that the character was excluded from the plot so the game doesn't generate spoilers for the then-upcoming film.

This is a document about Spider-Man (2017 TV series)
  secret identity. ; Gwen Stacy / Ghost-Spider (voiced by Laura Bailey) – One of Peter's classmates and close friends at Horizon High. Unique to this show, she is portrayed as Warren's niece. In Season 1, Gwen briefly takes on the Spider-Gwen alias when New York was exposed to the Jackal's chemicals during the "Spider-Island" arc. In Season 2, Gwen regains her abilities due to exposure to the Blood Gem relic and adopts the Ghost-Spider alias in "The Day Without Spider-Man". In Maximum Venom, Ghost-Spider and Spider-Man discover each other's secret identities and reconcile for withholding the truth. Besides the other major members of the Spider Team, only

This is a document about Stacy (given name)
 Captain George Stacy, a character in the Spider-Man comic books and films, father of Peter Parker's first love, Gwen. ; Gwen Stacy, a character in the Spider-Man comics, and the Amazing Spider-Man films ; Stacy Aligf, a character in the soap opera Aligf Unleashed & a character in the "Aligf Unleashed Movie Series" ; Stacy Hanseni, character from the Girl Talk series of books ; Malibu Stacy, a doll appearing in The Simpsons episode, "Lisa vs. Malibu Stacy" ; Stacey Colbert, a character in Ned & Stacey ; Stacy, a character from Axeman played by Elissa Dowling ; Stacy Hirano, a character in the animated series Phineas and Ferb ; Stacey, a character from the film Gore, Quebec ; Stacie Monroe, a character in the television series Hustle

This is a document about Georgina Haig
  Gwen Stacy in the 2012 film The Amazing Spider-Man, but lost the part to Emma Stone. In 2012, she appeared in the internationally acclaimed Australian film The Sapphires, and made several guest appearances on the American FOX science-fiction series Fringe, as Henrietta "Etta" Bishop. She appeared in Dance Academy and had a guest role in an episode of comedy series A Moody Christmas. Haig started 2013 with work on the sketch comedy show The Elegant Gentleman's Guide to Knife Fighting, playing a variety of characters. She then secured the lead role of Lee Anne Marcus in the CBS legal drama

This is a document about List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters
  Gwen Stacy (voiced by Mary Kay Bergman) appears in the series finale, when Spider-Man visits a parallel universe, in which Peter Parker (Armored Spider-Man) is a wealthy industrialist similar to Iron Man. Gwen Stacy is his fiancée, and Spider-Man reflects that his alternate self is engaged to a woman he does not even know (as he never met his reality's Gwen Stacy). Spider-Carnage who wants destroy every parallel reality kidnaps her, threatening to everyone present if one of them follows him, she will die first before he destroys all reality. Spider-Man then understands that Spider-Carnage is not truly evil as he is confused because in his reality, his Uncle Ben and Aunt May have died and he is believed to be a clone to the Scarlet Spider, also known as Ben Reilly. So, Spider-Man then goes to the Uncle

This is a document about Gwen Stacy (The Amazing Spider-Man film series)
  The character of Gwen Stacy first appeared The Amazing Spider-Man #31 in 1965. Intended to be Spider-Man's primary love interest, she was soon superseded in popularity by Mary Jane Watson in that role by fans. This eventually led to the now-controversial decision by Spider-Man writers to kill off Gwen, which served as one of the most pivotal moments in comic-book history; Spider-Man's failure to save Gwen was one of the first big failures by a superhero, and is regarded as the end of the Silver Age of Comic Books. The character has subsequently been cloned or revived several times or seen different iterations in the comics, including one as Spider-Gwen, and has been

This is a document about Spider-Woman (Gwen Stacy)
  Spider-Woman (Gwendolyne Maxine Stacy; colloquial: "Spider-Gwen" or "Ghost-Spider") is a superheroine appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. She was created by Jason Latour and Robbi Rodriguez. The character debuted in Edge of Spider-Verse issue #2 as part of the 2014–15 "Spider-Verse" comic book storyline, leading to the ongoing series Spider-Gwen that began in 2015. Spider-Woman is a variant of Spider-Man and an alternate-universe version of Gwen Stacy. She lives on Earth-65, where Gwen Stacy is bitten by a radioactive spider and becomes a superheroine instead of Peter Parker becoming Spider-Man. The character's various enemies include Earth-65 versions of Matt Murdock and Frank Castle. Gwen Stacy's Spider-Woman harbors much of Peter's

This is a document about Gwen Stacy
 A student in Peter Parker's university class in the live-action film Spider-Man 2, portrayed by an uncredited extra, is identified as Gwen Stacy in the film's novelization. ; Gwen Stacy appears in the live-action film Spider-Man 3, portrayed by Bryce Dallas Howard. This version is a model, classmate and lab partner of Parker's, and initially Eddie Brock's girlfriend. After Spider-Man rescues Stacy, he urges her to kiss him during a public ceremony, upsetting his girlfriend, Mary Jane Watson. While on a date with Brock, Stacy leaves him for a symbiote-influenced Parker, only to realize he was trying to make Watson jealous. Upset, Stacy apologizes to

This is a document about Spider-Woman (Gwen Stacy)
  In the alternate reality designated Earth-65, Gwen Stacy from Midtown High School is a drummer in a band called the Mary Janes, consisting of her and her friends Mary Jane Watson, Betty Brant and Glory Grant who compete with Felicia Hardy and her band the "Black Cats". Bitten by a radioactive spider, Gwen becomes the hero Spider-Woman. Shortly afterward, her friend and classmate Peter Parker attempts to exact revenge on those who bully him, becoming Earth-65's version of the Lizard. Gwen subdues him and Peter dies due to the chemicals he used for his transformation. Spider-Woman is greatly affected by Peter's death and inspired to use her power to protect others.

This is a document about Gwen Stacy (The Amazing Spider-Man film series)
  in several television shows and cartoons based on Spider-Man. The first big-budget cinematic appearance of Gwen Stacy was in Spider-Man 3, with Bryce Dallas Howard portraying the character in a supporting role, as Mary Jane was already serving as Peter's main love interest in that trilogy. Following the cancellation of Spider-Man 4 and reboot of the Spider-Man film series, it was originally reported that both Gwen and Mary Jane would appear in the first film of the new series before Gwen was confirmed as the only one of Peter's love interests to appear. The shortlist of actresses to play the role included Lily Collins, Ophelia Lovibond, and Imogen Poots, with Teresa Palmer, Emma

This is a document about Spider-Woman
  In the 2014 series "Spider-Verse", Gwen Stacy of Earth-65 is bitten by the radioactive spider instead of Peter Parker, being her universe's version of Spider-Woman. She is featured in her own solo series Spider-Gwen.

This is a document about Spider-Woman (Gwen Stacy)
  is blamed for Parker's death publicly by J. Jonah Jameson. Her father, NYPD Chief George Stacy, hunts for Spider-Woman, aided by his world's Captain Frank Castle and Detective Jean DeWolff. During a later confrontation with her father, Gwen reveals her true identity to him. Shocked, he tells her to run. In the "Spider-Verse" storyline, Gwen of Earth-65 is one of many other Spider-Totems across the multiverse recruited to fight the vampiric Morlun and the Inheritors. Although she is one of several people called Spider-Women who appear, she seems to be the only Spider who is also Gwen Stacy, leading to the nickname "Spider-Gwen." Gwen realizes most of her counterparts in other

This is a document about Gwen Stacy
 Gwen Stacy appears in The Amazing Spider-Man film tie-in game, voiced by Kari Wahlgren. ; Gwen Stacy appears as a playable character in Lego Marvel Super Heroes, voiced again by Kari Wahlgren.

Gwen Stacy is the real name of the character in The Amazing Spider-Man film series.


Question: who is responsible for preparing the presentence investigation report

Answer: the probation officer

This is a document about Hillsborough disaster Wikipedia posts
  saying that they were making "urgent inquiries" into these reports, and that the claims made in them were being treated with "the utmost seriousness". The office also warned, however, that it might not be possible to determine exactly who used the government's computers to make the edits, saying, "As the first incident happened five years ago and there are hundreds of thousands of people on the government's network, it may prove challenging to identify who was involved, but we are exhausting every option." The inquiry was scheduled to be overseen, but not led, by Andy Burnham. On 20 May, Burnham said the investigation had identified

This is a document about Presentence investigation report
  Whether interviewing or reviewing documents, the probation officer must weigh the evidence based on the best available information. The final report must contain only accurate information. The goal is to produce a report that the court may rely upon at sentencing. Though it is inevitable that there will be data that the probation officer is unable to verify, that information should be clearly identified. The probation officer must distinguish between facts and the inferences, opinions, or conclusions based upon those facts. When a defendant is referred for a presentence investigation, the officer must immediately begin to gather the facts. Though the procedure varies slightly from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, the officer usually conducts several aspects of the investigation concurrently to ensure that the presentence report is submitted to the court on time. Since officers routinely conduct multiple presentence investigations simultaneously, meeting the deadlines can be difficult.

This is a document about Presentence investigation report
  A presentence investigation report (PSIR) is a legal document that presents the findings an investigation into the "legal and social background" of a person convicted of a crime before sentencing to determine if there are extenuating circumstances which should influence the severity or leniency of a criminal sentence. The PSIR is a "critical" document prepared by a probation officer via a system of point allocation, so that it may serve as a charging document and exhibit for proving criminal conduct. The PSIR system is widely implemented today.

This is a document about Presentence investigation report
  Rule 32 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure and §6A1.1 of the United States Federal Sentencing Guidelines regulate presentence reports. The report must be disclosed to the court, the defendant, defendant's counsel, and the attorney for the government at least 35 days before the sentencing. Local rules, adopted by the judges of each jurisdiction, supplement the federal rules and set a specific schedule for the disclosure of the initial draft of the presentence report to the defendant and both counsel. The schedule for the filing of objections to the report by counsel and the submission of the final report to the court, the defendant, and counsel may be set, as well. The probation officer must manage the investigation process within the time line established by those rules. In addition to gathering information, the officer must plan to verify that information, interpret and evaluate the data, determine the appropriate sentencing guidelines and statutes to the specific facts of the case, and present the results of the investigation in an organized and objective report. The probation officer must set deadlines for the submission of information by the defendant and others and monitor compliance with the deadlines.

This is a document about Football Governance Inquiry
  The committee of inquiry, the members comprises:

This is a document about Police corruption
  suspected corrupt practices; investigating "the conduct of any public officer"; investigating "any person who is/has been entrusted with functions relating to the administration of a partnership where the Government has a controlling interest" and the Commission believes such conduct may be corrupt; investigating "practices and procedures of government departments where the Government has a controlling interest to facilitate the discovery of any corrupt practices"; and, to "instruct, advise and assist ministers who are entrusted with the administration of government departments where the government has a controlling interest on ways in which corrupt practices could be eliminated". Reports of the commission's findings are then submitted to the Minister of Justice.

This is a document about Serious Incident Response Team
  SiRT is headed by a civilian director, who has never been a police officer. The Director is responsible for the overall operations of the agency, and to review all investigative reports. The Director has the sole power to determine whether any charges will be laid against subject officers, unless the Director is on leave. During his absence, a specially-trained Crown Counsel is appointed as the Acting Director to decide whether charges are laid. SiRT is one of the three investigative oversight agencies for police in Canada (the other being the Independent Investigation Unit of Manitoba and Alberta Serious Incident Response Team) to have current sworn police officers from the Province appointed as investigators. On the other hand, the Special Investigation Unit of Ontario, the Independent Investigations Office of British Columbia, and the Bureau des enquêtes indépendantes of Quebec prohibits serving police officers from their respective provinces from being appointed as an investigator. SiRT investigators are peace officers, and have the same powers as police officers in Nova Scotia under section 26G of the Police Act. SiRT is a member of the Canadian Association for Civilian Oversight of Law Enforcement (CACOLE).

This is a document about Havana syndrome
  The U.S. State Department said in February 2021 that its ongoing investigation was "a high priority" for the department. Citing unnamed intelligence and government officials, The New York Times reported in July 2021 that the National Security Council, Central Intelligence Agency, and Director of National Intelligence established two outside panels, one to investigate potential causes and the other to develop defensive countermeasures for personnel protection; cleared external scientists will be permitted to view relevant classified intelligence in their investigations.

This is a document about Khartoum massacre investigation
  On 21 September 2019, Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok issued a decision to create the primary investigation commission of seven lawyers, including a Supreme Court judge, representatives of the Ministries of Justice, Defence and Interior, a "national figure" and two independent lawyers. The decision guaranteed that the committee would operate independently of any other governmental, judicial or legal body. The commission will be required to release a report with its findings within three months and can extend its mandate for another three months. Hamdok named the members of the commission on 20 October, with Nabil Adib as the head of the commission. The other commission members are Osman Mohamed Osman as rapporteur, Sohaib Abdullatif as deputy rapporteur, colonel Ismat Abdalla Mohamed Taha and Ahmed El Taher El Nur and two unnamed members.

This is a document about 2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings
  extension of its term until 31 May to complete the final report. Based on the interim report of the presidential commission, the Attorney General Dappula de Livera instructed the Criminal Investigation Department to carry out a criminal investigation against former Defence Secretary Hemasiri Fernando and IGP Pujith Jayasundera to determine if they failed to act on intelligence warnings about the attack. The final report was presented to President Sirisena by the commission on 10 June 2019. In May, a Parliamentary Select Committee (PSC) was appointed to probe the Easter Sunday terrorist attacks and incidents in its aftermath by the Speaker of the Parliament. The Select

This is a document about Westminster paedophile dossier
  the previous investigation was conducted in four weeks, with just two officials. The permanent secretary of the Home Office, Mark Sedwill, was ordered to investigate the circumstances of the lost dossier by the Prime Minister, David Cameron, in July 2014. Sedwill had told the Prime Minister that an independent legal figure will assess whether the conclusions of the Home Office's 2013 review "remain sound". Sedwill had already informed Keith Vaz, the chair of the Home Affairs Select Committee that the Home Office had found "no evidence of the inappropriate removal or destruction of material". Vaz had also written to the Home Office's most senior civil servant

This is a document about Westminster Christmas parties controversy
  have attended the event on 27 November under inquiry. On 17 December 2021, it was announced that Case would no longer lead the inquiry following reports that a party had been held in his own office on 17 December 2020. The inquiry is now to be concluded by senior civil servant Sue Gray. Lord Barwell, a former Conservative MP and chief of staff for Theresa May when she was the prime minister, is reported by the BBC to have said "he could not think of a better person for the role". Two opposition politicians, Labour MP Chris Bryant and SNP MP Ian Blackford, called for the inquiry to be led by a person independent of the government and civil service.

This is a document about Employment Standards Act
  the employee does not have to contact his or her employer again. If the parties are unable to resolve the issue on their own, and if the employee has provided all the required information on the Claim Form, the matter is assigned to an employment standards officer for investigation. The employment standards officer may conduct his or her investigation by telephone, through written correspondence, by visiting the employer's premises or by requiring the employee and/or the employer to attend a meeting. During an investigation, both parties have the opportunity to present the facts and arguments they believe are important to their case. If a claim has been submitted against the client of a temporary

This is a document about Presentence investigation report
  Probation officers investigate by interviewing and reviewing documents. Unless the defendant declines, the defendant is questioned in every case. Additionally, the officer should interview the defense counsel, the prosecutor, law enforcement agents who investigated the conduct that led to the defendant's conviction, victims, the defendant's family, present or previous employers, school officials, doctors, counselors, and others. The diverse interview settings that probation officers encounter require them to be proficient in a variety of questioning techniques. Ideally, the offender is available for the interview early in the investigation. The defendant interview is the pivotal point around which the presentence investigation turns. Often, the format is a structured interview during which a standard worksheet is completed. The

This is a document about Philippine Competition Commission
  Under Sec. 31 of RA 10667, the Commission shall have the sole and exclusive authority to conduct a preliminary inquiry after a verified party filed a complaint on the basis of probable cause. The Commission may issue an order for the temporary termination of those certain acts by the respondent party after due notice and hearing and once the basis of facts and evidence are presented. If the evidence is validated, the Commission may file criminal complaints against the Act on the Department of Justice which will do preliminary investigation.

This is a document about Trial
  In civil law legal systems, the responsibility for supervising the investigation by the police into whether a crime has been committed falls on an examining magistrate or judge who then conducts the trial. The assumption is that the truth is more likely to emerge from an impartial and exhaustive investigation both before and during the trial itself. The examining magistrate or judge acts as an inquisitor who directs the fact-gathering process by questioning witnesses, interrogating the suspect, and collecting other evidence. The lawyers who represent the interests of the State and the accused have a limited role to offer legal arguments and alternative interpretations to the facts that emerge during the process. All the interested parties are expected to co-operate in the investigation by answering the magistrate or judge's questions and, when asked, supplying

This is a document about Digital forensic process
  When an investigation is completed the information is often reported in a form suitable for non-technical individuals. Reports may also include audit information and other meta-documentation. When completed, reports are usually passed to those commissioning the investigation, such as law enforcement (for criminal cases) or the employing company (in civil cases), who will then decide whether to use the evidence in court. Generally, for a criminal court, the report package will consist of a written expert conclusion of the evidence as well as the evidence itself (often presented on digital media).

This is a document about Independent Investigation Unit
  IIU was created as a result of the recommendations from the Taman Inquiry. The Manitoba government amended the legislation governing police services in 2009 to pave way for the creation of the IIU. IIU is headed by the Civilian Director (CD), who cannot be a current or past police officer. They are responsible for reviewing all investigative reports. Once an investigation is completed, the report is forwarded to the Civilian Director. The report is not made public, except in criminal or civil lawsuits, and in disciplinary proceedings or inquires into death by the Medical Examiner. The CD may choose to directly lay charges if they determine the subject officer has committed an offence, or could refer the matter to Crown Counsel for charge assessment. If prosecution is commenced,

This is a document about Jeju 4.3 Committee
  included "making lists of the data and witnesses who are scheduled to give their testimony and selecting institutes and organizations from which the data will be collected, collecting the data and recording the testimonies, analyzing the data and the testimony, and making and examining the report." The task force, which held the responsibility to develop and publish the report, conducted 12 meetings and reviewed everything from the basic plans of the investigation to the content of the report. Further, the full-time investigation team collected data from organizations and institutes both domestically and abroad and recorded the testimony from witnesses on Jeju Island, in Seoul, Japan and the United States.

This is a document about Indonesian criminal procedure
  Investigators must inform the public prosecutor before they begin their investigations. If the investigation is terminated due to insufficient evidence or if the event does not constitute an offence, investigators must inform the prosecutor and suspect. During investigation, investigators have the authority to summon witnesses for examination. When the investigation is completed, investigators must promptly submit the dossier of the case to the public prosecutor. If the public prosecutor believes that the investigation is incomplete, he will return the dossier and order for a supplementary investigation. The dossier is then resubmitted.

The probation officer is responsible for preparing the presentence investigation report.


Question: how many teams are in the world cup in russia

Answer: 32 teams

This is a document about 2012 Women's Kabaddi World Cup (Circle style)
 🇮🇳 (Host Nation) 🇮🇳 (Host Nation) 🇮🇳 (Host Nation) 🇮🇳 (Host Nation) A total of 16 teams took part in the World Cup. The teams are :

This is a document about 2021 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup
  A total of 16 teams qualified for the final tournament. In addition to Russia who qualified automatically as hosts, 15 other teams qualified from six separate continental competitions. The process of qualification to the World Cup finals began and ended in 2021.

This is a document about 2015 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Cup
  12 teams participated in the World Cup. Only teams who had not yet qualified for the 2016 Olympic Games could compete in the tournament.

This is a document about 2018 FIFA World Cup squads
  The 2018 FIFA World Cup was an international football tournament held in Russia from 14 June to 15 July 2018. The 32 national teams involved in the tournament were required to register a squad of 23 players, including three goalkeepers. Only players in these squads were eligible to take part in the tournament. A provisional list of 35 players per national team was submitted to FIFA by 14 May 2018, one month prior to the opening match of the tournament. From the preliminary squad, the final list of 23 players per national team was submitted to FIFA by 4 June, 10 days prior to the opening match of the tournament. FIFA published

This is a document about 2015 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Cup
  12 teams participated in the World Cup. Only teams who had not yet qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics could compete in the tournament.

This is a document about 2018 FIFA World Cup Final
  The 2018 FIFA World Cup was the 21st edition of the World Cup, FIFA's football competition for national teams, held in Russia between 14 June and 15 July 2018. Russia qualified for the finals automatically as tournament hosts, while 208 teams competed for the remaining 31 spots through qualifying rounds organised by the six FIFA confederations and held between June 2011 and November 2013. In the finals, the teams were divided into eight groups of four with each team playing each other once in a round-robin format. The two top teams from each group advanced to a knock-out phase. The defending champions from the 2014 World Cup were Germany. They were eliminated in the group phase at the 2018 event, however, finishing

This is a document about European nations at the FIFA World Cup
 This total number of UEFA teams which have participated in the World Cups through 2018 is 34, using FIFA's view on successor teams (e.g., Russia is a successor of USSR and not a separate team, whereas Ukraine is a newer separate entity). ; Israel represented AFC in the 1970 tournament.

This is a document about 2018 FIFA World Cup statistics
  A total of 32 teams reached the 2018 World Cup, including 14 European, 5 South American, 5 African, 3 North American, 5 Asian countries. The 2018 FIFA World Cup had many notable absences of teams including The Netherlands, Italy, Ghana and the United States.

This is a document about Women's FIH Hockey World Cup
 * = Defunct Team ; # = Part of Soviet Union (1974–1990) ; ^ = Germany is official successor of West Germany  Argentina, Germany and the Netherlands are the only teams to have competed at each World Cup; 28 teams have competed in at least one World Cup.

This is a document about 2010 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship second qualifying round
 Host country: Russia

This is a document about National team appearances in the FIFA World Cup
 The total number of teams which have participated in the World Cup through 2018 is 79, using FIFA's view on successor teams. Each successive World Cup has had at least one team appearing for the first time.

This is a document about Switzerland at the FIFA World Cup
  Finals, is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals. The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title, at venues within the host nation (or nations) over a period of about a month. The World Cup Finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world, with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final. Switzerland have appeared in the finals of the World Cup on 11 occasions, the first being at the second finals in 1934, where they finished in seventh position. They have made their eleventh appearance in the 2018 World Cup in Russia.

This is a document about 2011 European Amateur Team Championship
  20 nation teams contested the event, the same number of teams as at the previous event one year earlier. Russia took part for the first time. Each team consisted of six players. Players in the leading teams Other participating teams

This is a document about 2018 FIFA World Cup
  Volunteer applications to the 2018 Russia Local Organising Committee opened on 1 June 2016. The 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia Volunteer Program received about 177,000 applications, and engaged a total of 35,000 volunteers. They received training at 15 Volunteer Centres of the local organising committee based in 15 universities, and in volunteer centres in the host cities. Preference, especially in key areas, was given to those with knowledge of a foreign language and volunteering experience, but not necessarily to Russian nationals.

This is a document about 2018 FIFA World Cup
  The 2018 FIFA World Cup was an international football tournament contested by men's national teams that took place between 14 June and 15 July 2018 in Russia. It was the 21st FIFA World Cup, a worldwide football tournament held once every four years. It was the eleventh time the championships had been held in Europe, and the first time they were held in Eastern Europe. At an estimated cost of over $14.2 billion, it was the most expensive World Cup to date. The tournament phase involved 32 teams, of which 31 came through qualifying competitions, while as the host nation Russia qualified automatically. Of the 32, 20 had also appeared in the 2014 event, while both Iceland and Panama made their first

This is a document about 2011 European Ladies' Team Championship
  A record number of 20 nation teams contested the event. Each team consisted of six players. Russia took part for the first time. Players in the leading teams Other participating teams

This is a document about 2002 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship for Women
 } } } } } Twenty-five national teams entered the qualifying round. They were allocated in five groups. The first two teams of each group qualified for the tournament, where they joined Russia (qualified as title holders) and Croatia (qualified as hosts). Group A  Group B  Group C  Group D  Group E

This is a document about Russia 2018 FIFA World Cup bid
  not currently have a stadium with 80,000 capacity, but the bid calls for the expansion of Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, already a UEFA Elite stadium with a capacity of slightly over 78,000, to over 89,000 seats. Russia hopes to have five stadiums fit to host World Cup matches ready by 2013 — two in Moscow and one stadium each in St. Petersburg, Kazan and Sochi, which hosted the 2014 Winter Olympics. In October 2011, Russia decreased the number of stadiums from 16 to 14. Construction of a proposed stadium in the Moscow region, Podolsk, was cancelled by the regional government, and Spartak Stadium is competing with Dinamo Stadium which will have been constructed first.

This is a document about 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids
  Russia announced its intent to bid in early 2009, and submitted its request to FIFA in time. Russia's President Vladimir Putin took a keen interest in the bid and ordered Vitaly Mutko, the Minister of Sports, to "prepare a bid for Russia to hold the 2018 World Cup". According to a report earlier submitted by Vitaly Mutko, who also served that time as President of the Russian Football Union (RFU), the country was ready to spend some $10.1 billion on the tournament. The bid committee also included RFU CEO Alexey Sorokin and Alexander Djordjadze as the Director of Bid Planning and Operations. Fourteen cities were included in the proposal, which divided them into five different clusters: one in the north, centered on Saint Petersburg, a central cluster, centered on Moscow, a

This is a document about List of FIFA World Cup final stadiums
  There have been 21 editions of the FIFA World Cup which is an international association football tournament established in 1930. It is contested by the men's national teams which are members of FIFA, the sport's global governing body. The tournament has taken place every four years since its inauguration, apart from 1942 and 1946 due to World War II. The last tournament was hosted in Russia, which was won by France in 2018. The World Cup final match is the last of the competition, and the result determines which country is declared world champions. If after 90 minutes of regular play the score is a draw, an additional

The 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia had 32 teams participating.


Question: who sang the original devil went down to georgia

Answer: Charlie Daniels Band

This is a document about Charlie Daniels
  A hard rock/heavy metal cover version of the song is included in the video game Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock as the final guitar battle against the last boss (Lou, the devil). Daniels openly stated his opposition to the metal cover and the devil winning occasionally in the game. In 1993, Daniels teamed up with fiddler Mark O'Connor to record a sequel to Daniels's 1979 single "The Devil Went Down to Georgia" titled "The Devil Came Back to Georgia". Daniels plays the fiddle alongside O'Connor, while Johnny Cash, Marty Stuart, and Travis Tritt sing the lyrics. The song is on O'Connor's album Heroes.

This is a document about Mark O'Connor
  include "New Nashville Cats" and "Heroes" both released on Warner Bros. O'Connor's "Fiddle Concerto (1992)", a violin concerto in American fiddle style commission by the Santa Fe Symphony Orchestra and Chorus, has been performed over 250 times, making it one of the most performed concertos written in the last 50 years. The recording of the concerto was conducted by Marin Alsop and "Concordia Orchestra". In 1993, O'Connor teamed up with Charlie Daniels to record a sequel to Daniels' 1979 single "The Devil Went Down To Georgia" entitled "The Devil Comes Back To Georgia". O'Connor and Daniels recorded the song alongside Johnny Cash, Marty Stuart and Travis Tritt. The

This is a document about The Devil Went Down to Georgia
  "The Devil Went Down to Georgia" is a song written and performed by the Charlie Daniels Band and released on their 1979 album Million Mile Reflections. The song is written in the key of D minor. Vassar Clements originally wrote the basic melody an octave lower, in a tune called "Lonesome Fiddle Blues" released on Clements' self-titled 1975 album on which Charlie Daniels played guitar. The Charlie Daniels Band moved it up an octave and put words to it. The song's verses are closer to being spoken rather than sung (i.e., recitation), and tell the story of a young man named Johnny, in a variant on the classic deal with the Devil. The performances of the Devil and Johnny are played as instrumental bridges. The song was the band's biggest hit, reaching number three on the Billboard Hot 100, prevented from further chart movement by "After The Love Has Gone" by Earth, Wind and Fire and "My Sharona" by The Knack.

This is a document about The JaneDear girls (album)
  set, Brown played a medley of Charlie Daniels' 1979 single "The Devil Went Down to Georgia" and Johnny Cash's 1938 song "Orange Blossom Special". Chris Parton of CMT praised the group for their energy and harmonies, while Matthew Keever of the Houston Press wrote that they had a polarizing effect on the crowd as either the best or worst act of the night. Keever had a mixed reaction to their performance, but responded positively to Brown's fiddle medley. Along with the duo's live performances, the album was promoted further when the track "Sugar" was featured on a 30-second preview for

This is a document about American fiddle
  The canonical American fiddle tune, "The Devil Went Down to Georgia" was written by Charlie Daniels as an interpretation the "Lonesome Fiddle Blues" by Vassar Clements and has been covered innumerable times. Although classified as country rock, the tune uses licks based on old-time fiddle playing and rock guitar riffs. Unlike most old-time playing, the instrument ranges high up the neck, exploiting both the legendary association of the fiddle as "the devil's instrument" and the intensity of rapid sixteenth or thirty-second notes. These effects are achieved through rapid detache bowing bordering on outright tremolo. The motif of a deal with the Devil may have been influenced by Cross Road Blues, by Delta blues singer Robert Johnson.

This is a document about Charlie Daniels
  Jr.'s 1975 album Hank Williams, Jr. and Friends. Daniels released his most commercially successful album, Million Mile Reflections, in 1977, which reached number five and was certified triple-platinum. Daniels won the Grammy Award for Best Country Vocal Performance in 1979 for "The Devil Went Down to Georgia", which reached No. 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 in September 1979. The following year, the song became a major crossover success on rock radio stations after its inclusion on the soundtrack for the hit movie Urban Cowboy, in which he makes an onscreen appearance. The song still receives regular airplay on U.S. classic rock and country

This is a document about ¡Bastardos!
  On August 29, 2006, ¡Bastardos en Vivo!, an EP containing live recordings of several songs from ¡Bastardos!, was released. It also includes a rendition of the Charlie Daniels Band's southern rock song, "The Devil Went Down to Georgia".

This is a document about Charlie Daniels
  Charles Edward Daniels (October 28, 1936 – July 6, 2020) was an American singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. Daniels' music encompassed multiple genres in a career spanning five decades, including southern rock, country rock, country, bluegrass, blues and gospel. He was best known for his number-one country hit "The Devil Went Down to Georgia". Much of his output, including all but one of his eight Billboard Hot 100 charting singles, was credited to the Charlie Daniels Band. Daniels was active as a singer and musician from the 1950s until his death. He was inducted into the Cheyenne Frontier Days Hall of Fame in 2002, the Grand Ole Opry in 2008, the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum in 2009, and the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2016.

This is a document about Videoplasty
 Les Claypool - bass, vocals ; Larry LaLonde - guitar ; Bryan "Brain" Mantia - drums ; DJ Disk - turntables on the DJ Disk and Brain jam / "Tommy the Cat" (reprise) and "Here Come the Bastards" ; Buckethead - guitar on "Those Damned Blue-Collar Tweekers", stage theatrics during the DJ Disk and Brain jam and "Here Come the Bastards" ; "The Devil Went Down to Georgia" performed by Festus Clamrod and The El Sobrante Twangers ; Les Claypool - vocals and bass ; Larry LaLonde - banjo ; Bryan "Brain" Mantia - drums ; Mark "Mirv" Haggard - slide guitar and voice of Johnny ; Bryan Kehoe - voice of the Devil ; Violina Misteriosa - violin

This is a document about The Devil Went Down to Georgia
  featured the band playing the devil and rapper Yelawolf as Johnny. ; Canadian hard rock band Nickelback recorded a cover in 2020 with Dave Martone. This version uses electric guitars instead of fiddles, tuned down a whole step, and contains the original lyrics with slight changes. ; A metal version of the song was recorded by Leo Moracchioli for his YouTube channel, Frog Leap Studios. The video was publicly released on July 17, 2020. ; A cover of the song titled "Devil Comes Back to Georgia" was done by Johnny Cash singing updated lyrics with violin performed by Mark O'Connor in 2010.

This is a document about Joel DiGregorio
  to have lunch together and Daniels told Joel that if he cut his hair, he could play in his band called the Jaguars. A few years later, DiGregorio was drafted and served with the US Army. Upon his return home, he resumed his career with Daniels and following some ensemble changes The Charlie Daniels Band launched what became a commercially successful body of work, beginning with their self-titled debut album in 1970. In 1979, their signature hit "The Devil Went Down To Georgia," which achieved a number 3 placing on the US Pop Charts, was co-written by DiGregorio. In addition to his work with Daniels, he recorded the solo projects Midnight in Savannah (2008) and Shake Rag (2008).

This is a document about 1979 in country music
 Entertainer of the Year — Willie Nelson ; Song of the Year — "The Gambler", Don Schlitz (Performer: Kenny Rogers) ; Single of the Year — "The Devil Went Down to Georgia", Charlie Daniels Band ; Album of the Year — The Gambler, Kenny Rogers ; Male Vocalist of the Year — Kenny Rogers ; Female Vocalist of the Year — Barbara Mandrell ; Vocal Duo of the Year — Kenny Rogers and Dottie West ; Vocal Group of the Year — The Statler Brothers ; Instrumentalist of the Year — Charlie Daniels ; Instrumental Group of the Year — Charlie Daniels Band

This is a document about List of Top Country LP's number ones of 1979
  June with his album Greatest Hits. Jennings was one of the mainstays of the outlaw country movement, which rejected the slick production values evident in popular country music of the early 1970s and added a rock music influence and a counterculture attitude. The compilation was his biggest-selling album, and was ultimately certified quintuple-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. The album's time at number one was twice interrupted by Million Mile Reflections, the first number one for the Charlie Daniels Band, which featured the group's chart-topping single "The Devil Went Down to Georgia". Although Daniels would remain a popular concert attraction for decades, he would not achieve any further number ones on either chart.

This is a document about Steve Ouimette
 "The Devil Went Down To Georgia" by The Charlie Daniels Band ; "We Three Kings" by John Henry Hopkins Jr. ; "Top Gun Anthem" by Harold Faltermeyer ; "School's Out" by Alice Cooper ; "Rock You Like a Hurricane" by Scorpions ; "Talk Dirty to Me" by Poison ; "Cities on Flame with Rock and Roll" by Blue Öyster Cult ; "Barracuda" by Heart ; "Hit Me With Your Best Shot" by Pat Benatar ; "Mississippi Queen" by Mountain

This is a document about List of Hot Country Singles number ones of 1979
  in May. Two weeks after Conlee's second number one, the Bellamy Brothers topped the chart for the first time. The brother duo had topped Billboards all-genres singles chart, the Hot 100, three years earlier with "Let Your Love Flow", but had not previously topped the country listing until the 1979 success of "If I Said You Had a Beautiful Body Would You Hold It Against Me". In August, the Charlie Daniels Band reached number one for the first and only time with "The Devil Went Down to Georgia". The following month Leon Russell made his first appearance at the top of the country chart when he collaborated with Willie Nelson on a

This is a document about Country rock
  and the Eagles are perceived as shifting towards hard rock after he left the band in late 1975. The Ozark Mountain Daredevils had hit singles “If You Wanna Get To Heaven” (1974) and "Jackie Blue" (1975), the latter of which peaked at #3 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1975. The Bellamy Brothers had the hit "Let Your Love Flow"(1976). In 1979, the Southern rock Charlie Daniels Band moved to a more country direction, released a song with strong bluegrass influence, "The Devil Went Down to Georgia", and the song crossed over and became a hit on the pop chart.

This is a document about Camper Van Beethoven (album)
  album's songs are reminiscent of Syd Barrett-era Pink Floyd. "We Love You" also contains a parody of the Charlie Daniels Band song "The Devil Went Down to Georgia". In the original "The Devil Went Down to Georgia", the Devil was portrayed as a negative being who is defeated in a fiddle-playing contest by the song's protagonist, but in "We Love You", the devil, presumably Jonathan Segel, so impresses the band with his violin playing that they allow him to become a band member. The classic-rock influences are a contrast from their first two albums, which contained covers of other contemporary underground bands like Sonic Youth and Black Flag. A number of the album's tracks

This is a document about Works based on Faust
  man named Michael who makes a deal with the year (the devil or fate), to have many children but the year has to "choose one for himself". The story features a chorus throughout, and was recorded by Irish folk singer Tommy Makem on his album Ancient Pulsing. ; The Band's "Daniel and the Sacred Harp" (from the album Stage Fright, 1970) ; Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody" (from the album A Night at the Opera, 1975) ; Frank Zappa's "Titties & Beer" (from the album Zappa in New York, 1977) ; The Charlie Daniels Band's "The Devil Went Down to Georgia" (from the album Million Mile Reflections, 1979) ;

This is a document about 2020 in country music
  Statler Brothers (kidney failure) ; June 2 – Jimmy Capps, 81, Nashville musician; member of the Grand Ole Opry house band and The Nashville A-Team. ; June 8 – James Hand, 67, American country music singer-songwriter. ; June 12 – Larry W. Johnson, 69, songwriter ("Don't Take the Girl") ; July 3 – Craig J. Martin, 52, songwriter ("Don't Take the Girl") (heart attack) ; July 6 – Charlie Daniels, 83, country music and Southern rock legend best known for "The Devil Went Down to Georgia", "Long Haired Country Boy", "The South's Gonna Do It" and many others. (stroke) ; July 15 - Kenny Dale,

This is a document about I Stoled This Record
  to Georgia" by the Charlie Daniels Band (Charlie Daniels, Tom Crain, Joel DiGregorio, Fred Edwards, Charles Hayward, James W. Marshall) ; 23) "1-900-Sheila" (Judd, Dant, Bruce Burch) — 3:06 ; 24) *original song ; 25) "Stoled: The Copyright Infringement Incident" (parody lyrics by Judd, Burch, Dan Saranana, Fagan) — 2:21 ; 26) *second parody of "Sold (The Grundy County Auction Incident)" by John Michael Montgomery ; 27) "Grandpa Got Runned Over By a John Deere" (parody lyrics by Judd, Burch) — 3:14 ; 28) *parody of "Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer" by Elmo and Patsy (Randy Brooks)

The original version of "The Devil Went Down to Georgia" was sung by the Charlie Daniels Band, with Charlie Daniels on vocals and the band providing the instrumentation.