Question: how many court of appeals are there in georgia

Answer: five

This is a document about Georgia Court of Appeals
  The Court of Appeals of Georgia is one of the busiest state appellate courts in the nation. In 2019, the court disposed of 2,445 direct appeals and 836 applications, or requests to file direct appeals. The 1996 statute that increased the number of judges to ten also changed the process by which cases would be decided in the event of a dissent. Before 1996, cases in which there was a dissent in one division were decided en banc (by the whole court). After this law was passed, cases involving a dissent were determined by seven judges, including the assigned division, the next division in succession, and the presiding judge of the next panel. The court increased to twelve judges in 1999, and to fifteen in 2016. Cases with a dissent were determined by nine judges, including the assigned division and the next two divisions in succession.

This is a document about Government of Georgia (U.S. state)
   The highest judiciary power in Georgia is the Supreme Court, which is composed of nine judges. The state also has a Court of Appeals made of 12 judges. Georgia is divided into 49 judicial circuits, each of which has a Superior Court consisting of local judges numbering between two and 19 depending on the circuit population. Under the 1983 Constitution, Georgia also has magistrate courts, probate courts, juvenile courts, state courts; the General Assembly may also authorize municipal courts. Other courts, including county recorder's courts, civil courts and other agencies in existence on June 30, 1983, may continue with the same jurisdiction until otherwise provided

This is a document about Judiciary of Georgia (U.S. state)
 Supreme Court of Georgia ; Georgia Court of Appeals ; Georgia Superior Courts (49 judicial circuits) ; Georgia State Courts ; Georgia Magistrate Courts ; Georgia Juvenile Courts ; Georgia Probate Courts ; Georgia Municipal Courts The structure of the state judiciary is as follows:   The highest judiciary power in Georgia is the Supreme Court, which is composed of nine justices. The state also has a Court of Appeals made of 15 judges. Georgia is divided into 49 judicial circuits, each of which has a Superior Court consisting of local citizens numbering between two and 19 members depending on the circuit population. Under the 1983 Constitution, Georgia also has magistrate courts, probate courts, juvenile courts, state courts; the General Assembly may also authorize municipal courts. Other courts, including county recorder's courts, civil courts and other agencies in existence on June 30, 1983, may continue with the same jurisdiction until otherwise provided by law. Each county in Georgia has at least one superior court, magistrate court, probate court, and where needed a state court and a juvenile court; in the absence of a state court or a juvenile court, the superior court exercises that jurisdiction.

This is a document about Georgia Court of Appeals
  The Georgia Court of Appeals is the intermediate-level appellate court for the U.S. state of Georgia.

This is a document about 2010 Georgia state elections
 Georgia judicial elections, 2010 at Judgepedia One seat on the Supreme Court of Georgia (contested), four on the Georgia Court of Appeals (one contested), and 58 on the Georgia Superior Courts (one contested) will be up for election. All judicial elections in Georgia are officially non-partisan.

This is a document about Tbilisi Appeal Court
  The Tbilisi Appeal Court is the second instance court in the Common Courts System of Georgia. The Court discusses appeals on the judgments of the first instance courts, and its jurisdiction covers eastern Georgia.

This is a document about 2008 Georgia state elections
  In 2008, two seats on the Supreme Court of Georgia and three on the Georgia Court of Appeals were up for election. All judicial elections in Georgia are officially non-partisan.

This is a document about 2006 Georgia state elections
  In 2006, four seats on the Supreme Court of Georgia and four on the Georgia Court of Appeals were up for election. All judicial elections in Georgia are officially non-partisan.

This is a document about Georgia (U.S. state)
  180 representatives, apportioned among representative districts (which sometimes results in more than one representative per district); there are currently 56 senators and 180 representatives. The term of office for senators and representatives is two years. The laws enacted by the General Assembly are codified in the Official Code of Georgia Annotated. State judicial authority rests with the state Supreme Court and Court of Appeals, which have statewide authority. In addition, there are smaller courts which have more limited geographical jurisdiction, including Superior Courts, State Courts, Juvenile Courts, Magistrate Courts and Probate Courts. Justices of the Supreme Court and judges of the Court of Appeals are elected statewide by the citizens in non-partisan elections to six-year terms. Judges for the smaller courts are elected to four-year terms by the state's citizens who live within that court's jurisdiction.

This is a document about Courts of Georgia (U.S. state)
 State courts of Georgia ; Supreme Court of Georgia ; Georgia Court of Appeals ; Georgia Superior Courts (49 judicial circuits) ; Georgia State Courts ; Georgia Magistrate Courts ; Georgia Juvenile Courts ; Georgia Probate Courts ; Georgia Municipal Courts United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (headquartered in Atlanta, having jurisdiction over the United States District Courts of Alabama, Florida, and Georgia) ; United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia ; United States District Court for the Middle District of Georgia ; United States District Court for the Southern District of Georgia United States District Court for the District of Georgia (extinct, subdivided) Courts of Georgia include: Federal courts located in Georgia Former federal courts of Georgia

This is a document about List of county seats in Georgia
  The U.S. state of Georgia is divided into 159 counties, more than any other state except for Texas, which has 254 counties. Under the Georgia State Constitution, all of its counties are granted home rule to deal with problems that are purely local in nature. Each county has a county seat. In Georgia, county seats typically have a courthouse at a town square. Of the current 159 counties and two historic counties, 47 counties have changed their county seat at least once.

This is a document about Georgia Court of Appeals
  The genesis of the Court of Appeals began with a report by the State Bar of Georgia in 1895, suggesting that the Georgia State Legislature create a new intermediate appellate court to relieve the Georgia Supreme Court of some of its rapidly growing caseload. The Legislature declined to create a new appellate court, choosing instead to increase the size of the Supreme Court from three judges to five, then later to six. In 1902, Georgia Supreme Court justice Andrew J. Cobb gave a presentation to the State Bar addressing a number of proposals to alleviate the Supreme Court's workload, including the creation

This is a document about Government of Georgia (U.S. state)
  law. Each county in Georgia has at least one superior court, magistrate court, probate court, and where needed a state court and a juvenile court; in the absence of a state court or a juvenile court, the superior court exercises that jurisdiction. All serving judges are elected by popular vote either from the entire state in the cases of the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals or from a given circuit in the case of Superior Courts. Judges of the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals serve for terms of six years. Judges of other courts serve for terms of four years.

This is a document about Georgia (U.S. state)
  Georgia consists of 159 counties, second only to Texas, with 254. Georgia had 161 counties until the end of 1931, when Milton and Campbell were merged into the existing Fulton. Some counties have been named for prominent figures in both American and Georgian history, and many bear names with Native American origin. Counties in Georgia have their own elected legislative branch, usually called the Board of Commissioners, which usually also has executive authority in the county. Several counties have a sole Commissioner form of government, with legislative and executive authority vested in a single person. Georgia is the only state with current

This is a document about Supreme Court of Georgia (U.S. state)
  The Supreme Court of Georgia is the highest judicial authority of the U.S. state of Georgia. The court was established in 1845 as a three-member panel. Since 1896, the justices (increased in number to six, then to seven in 1945, and finally to nine in 2017) have been elected by the people of the state. The justices are currently elected in statewide non-partisan elections for six-year terms, with any vacancies filled through an appointment by the Governor. The first Chief Justice of the Court was Joseph Henry Lumpkin, who was appointed to that position in 1863. Under the current Constitution of Georgia, the Chief Justice is designated as "the chief presiding and administrative officer of the court," and is elected by the justices. The justices also elect a Presiding Justice to serve if the Chief Justice is absent or is disqualified. , the Chief Justice of the court is David Nahmias, and the Presiding Justice is Michael P. Boggs. Both justices were sworn into their respective positions on July 1, 2021.

This is a document about Georgia Court of Appeals
  August 1, 2020, a case became binding precedent on all courts in Georgia except the Georgia Supreme Court only if all three panel judges agreed with the reasoning and result. If one of the three judges concurred specially (agreed with the result but not the reasoning), the ruling became "physical precedent only" – that is, it decided that particular case but could only be cited as persuasive authority, not as binding authority in subsequent cases. Effective August 1, 2020, if a majority of judges in a published opinion fully concur in the decision's rationale and judgment, the opinion is binding. In other words, three-judge cases with a dissent or special concurrence published after August 1, 2020, are now binding authority. Some cases may be decided by all 15 judges. The court no longer issues nine-judge cases; appeals are decided by either three judges or all fifteen.

This is a document about Downtown Atlanta
  employees for dozens of federal agencies and combines four distinct structural elements in central downtown, equaling 2 e6sqft." The Richard B. Russell Federal Building, a 1.25 e6sqft mixed-used office building, contains the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia and offices for several other federal agencies, including the Department of Energy's regional office. Further north in the Fairlie-Poplar district of Downtown is the U.S. Court of Appeals. This court takes federal cases from the states of Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. It is officially named the Elbert P. Tuttle U.S. Court of Appeals building, named after a former Chief Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (the predecessor court to the

This is a document about University of Georgia School of Law
  briefed and argued before the U.S. Courts of Appeals for the Fourth, Ninth, Eleventh, and D.C. Circuits (with students winning five times in four courts in 2020-2021). The Global Externship initiative provides global practice preparation for many students each summer, for instance past practice preparation included, without limitation, placement with law firms like DLA Piper in Russia, GÖRG Partnerschaft von Rechtsanwälten mbB in Germany, Priti Suri & Associates (PSA) in India, Siqueira Castro Advogados in Brazil, and King & Wood Mallesons in China. To educate students in the benefits of public service and the functioning of the judiciary, up to 20 jurists, including U.S. Supreme Court justices, U.S. Court of Appeals judges, and trial judges, visit Georgia Law to teach classes.

This is a document about List of justices of the Supreme Court of Georgia (U.S. state)
  This is a list of the justices of the Supreme Court of Georgia, the highest judicial authority of the U.S. state of Georgia:

This is a document about United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia
  The United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia (in case citations, N.D. Ga.) is a United States District Court which serves the residents of forty-six counties. These are divided up into four divisions. Appeals from cases brought in the Northern District of Georgia are to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

There are nine courts of appeals in Georgia.


Question: where did the song god bless america originate

Answer: Yaphank , New York

This is a document about Lee Greenwood
  country top 10. Each song was marketed heavily, particularly in the South Florida market by MCA Account Service Representative, Brad Fitzgerald, among others. Greenwood is known for writing and recording "God Bless the U.S.A." in the early 1980s, and later "God Bless You Canada". The song gained renewed popularity following the launch of Operation: Desert Storm in 1991, and again, 10 years later, following the September 11, 2001 attacks. "God Bless the U.S.A." re-entered the top 20 of the country charts in late 2001. Since then, Greenwood has played across the US, at many public events and commemorations of the attacks. The day before the inauguration of Donald Trump, Greenwood performed at

This is a document about Woody Guthrie
  Arriving in New York, Guthrie, known as "the Oklahoma cowboy", was embraced by its folk music community. For a time, he slept on a couch in Will Geer's apartment. Guthrie made his first recordings—several hours of conversation and songs recorded by the folklorist Alan Lomax for the Library of Congress—as well as an album, Dust Bowl Ballads, for Victor Records in Camden, New Jersey. In February 1940, he wrote his most famous song, "This Land Is Your Land", as a response to what he felt was an overplaying of Irving Berlin's "God Bless America" on the radio. Guthrie thought the lyrics were

This is a document about God Bless America
  "God Bless America" is an American patriotic song written by Irving Berlin during World War I in 1918 and revised by him in the run up to World War II in 1938. The later version was notably recorded by Kate Smith, becoming her signature song. "God Bless America" takes the form of a prayer (with introductory lyrics noting that "as we raise our voices, in a solemn prayer") for God's blessing and peace for the nation ("...stand beside her and guide her through the night...").

This is a document about God Bless America
  the opening strains of 'God Bless America'". He interprets this as an example of Berlin's "habit of interpolating bits of half-remembered songs into his own numbers." Berlin, born Israel Baline, had himself written several Jewish-themed novelty tunes. In 1938, with the rise of Adolf Hitler, Irving Berlin, who was Jewish and had arrived in the U.S. from Russia at the age of five, felt it was time to revive it as a "peace song", and it was introduced on an Armistice Day broadcast in 1938, sung by Kate Smith on her radio show. Berlin had made some minor changes; by this time,

This is a document about Irving Berlin
  alone sold over 50 million records, the top single selling song in recording history, won an ASCAP and an Academy Award, and is one of the most frequently played songs ever written. In 1938, "God Bless America" became the unofficial national anthem of the United States, and on September 11, 2001, members of the House of Representatives stood on the steps of the Capitol and solemnly sang "God Bless America" together. The song returned to no. 1 shortly after 9/11, when Celine Dion recorded it as the title track of a 9/11 benefit album. The following year, the Postal Service issued a commemorative stamp of

This is a document about God Bless the U.S.A.
  a way of boosting morale. As a result of its newfound popularity, Greenwood re-recorded the track for his 1992 album American Patriot. The popularity of the song rose again sharply after the September 11 attacks and during the 2003 invasion of Iraq, and the song was re-released as a single, re-entering the country music charts at No. 16 and peaking at No. 16 on the Billboard Hot 100 pop chart in 2001. A new version of the song was recorded in 2003 and released as "God Bless the U.S.A. 2003." The song has sold over a million copies in the United States by July 2015.

This is a document about Irving Berlin
  for merely "allowing" him, an immigrant raised in poverty, to become a successful songwriter. "To me," said Berlin, "'God Bless America' was not just a song but an expression of my feeling toward the country to which I owe what I have and what I am." The Economist magazine writes that "Berlin was producing a deep-felt paean to the country that had given him what he would have said was everything." It quickly became a second National Anthem after America entered World War II a few years later. Over the decades it has earned millions for the Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts, to whom Berlin assigned

This is a document about CBS
  Corporation of America.  On the air, the war affected almost every show. Variety shows wove patriotism through their comedy and music segments; dramas and soaps had characters join the service and go off to fight. Even before hostilities commenced in Europe, one of the most played songs on radio was Irving Berlin's "God Bless America", popularized by CBS personality Kate Smith. Although an Office of Censorship sprang up within days of Pearl Harbor, censorship would be totally voluntary. A few shows submitted scripts for review, but most did not. The guidelines that the Office did issue banned weather reports (including announcement of sports

This is a document about God Bless the U.S.A.
  "God Bless the U.S.A." (also known as "Proud to Be an American"  ) is an American patriotic song written and recorded by American country music artist Lee Greenwood, and is considered to be his signature song. The first album it appears on is his 1984 album You've Got a Good Love Comin'. It reached No. 7 on the Billboard magazine Hot Country Singles chart when originally released in the spring of 1984, and was played at the 1984 Republican National Convention with President Ronald Reagan and First Lady Nancy Reagan in attendance, but the song gained greater prominence during the Gulf War in 1990 and 1991

This is a document about God Bless America
  Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts in New York City. Smith performed the song on her two NBC television series in the 1950s. "God Bless America" also spawned another of Irving Berlin's tunes, "Heaven Watch The Philippines," during the end of World War II after he heard the Filipinos sing a slightly revised version of the song replacing "America" with "The Philippines." The song was used early in the Civil Rights Movement as well as at labor rallies. During the 1960s, the song was increasingly used by Christian conservatives in the US to signal their opposition to secular liberalism and to silence dissenters

This is a document about American patriotic music
  World War I produced patriotic American songs such as "Over There" by popular songwriter George M. Cohan. Cohan composed the song April 6, 1917, when he saw headlines announcing the U.S. had entered World War I. Cohan also is famous for penning "Yankee Doodle Dandy," an over-the-top parody of patriotic music. A 1918 Irving Berlin composition, "God Bless America", is sometimes considered an unofficial national anthem of the United States and is often performed at sporting events alongside (or, in some rare cases, such as Ronan Tynan, in place of) "The Star-Spangled Banner." In 1940, Woody Guthrie wrote "This Land Is Your Land" in response to his dislike of "God Bless America", calling it unrealistic and complacent. The World War II era produced a significant number of patriotic songs in the Big Band and Swing format. Popular patriotic songs of the time included "Remember Pearl Harbor" and "God Bless America". Patriotic songs in the later half of the 20th century included "Ballad of the Green Berets" during the Vietnam War, Lee Greenwood's "God Bless the USA" during the years of the first Gulf War and again after the September 11, 2001 attacks.

This is a document about Disney's Celebrate America
  celebration as we commemorate the birthday of this great nation. With joy, we celebrate the United States of America; a vast mosaic of individuality and inspiration. A vibrant palette of cultures and colors. A country whose pioneering spirit continues to live on in the hearts and minds of people who cherish freedom; in this land and around the globe.'' Music: "God Bless America" (Irving Berlin), "The Yankee Doodle Boy" (George M. Cohan) and "This Is My Country" (Don Raye and Al Jacobs). American Folk Songs* Narrator: ''The Spirit of America continues to inspire those who believe in their dreams. From sea to shining

This is a document about God Bless America
  At Chicago's Wrigley Field during the Vietnam War, the song was often played by the organist as part of his postgame playlist while fans filed out of the stadium. Since the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, "God Bless America" is commonly sung during the seventh-inning stretch in Major League Baseball games, most often on Sundays, Opening Day, Memorial Day, Independence Day, All-Star Game, Labor Day, September 11, and all post-season Major League Baseball games. Following the attacks, John Dever, then the Assistant Media Relations Director of the San Diego Padres, suggested the song replace "Take Me Out to the Ball Game", the more traditional 7th inning anthem. Major League Baseball quickly followed the

This is a document about American Jews
  Asch Recordings) in response to Irving Berlin's "God Bless America", and Guthrie wrote Jewish songs. Guthrie married a Jew and their son Arlo became influential in his own right. Asch's one-man corporation Folkways Records also released much of the music of Leadbelly and Pete Seeger from the '40s and '50s. Asch's large music catalog was voluntarily donated to the Smithsonian. Jews have also thrived in Jazz music and contributed to its popularization. Three of the four creators of the Newport Folk Festival, Wein, Bikel and Grossman (Seeger is not) were Jewish. Albert Grossman put together Peter, Paul and Mary, of which Yarrow is Jewish. Oscar Brand, from a Canadian Jewish

This is a document about Names of the United States
  The term "America" was seldom used in the United States before the 1890s, and rarely used by presidents before Theodore Roosevelt. It does not appear in patriotic songs composed during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, including "The Star-Spangled Banner", "My Country, 'Tis of Thee", and the "Battle Hymn of the Republic", although it is common in 20th-century songs like "God Bless America". The name "Columbia", popular in American poetry and songs of the late 18th century, derives its origin from Christopher Columbus. Many landmarks and institutions in the Western Hemisphere bear his name, including the country of Colombia and the District of Columbia.

This is a document about Heaven Watch the Philippines
  and Carlos P. Romulo. Berlin was touring U.S. military bases with a stage production of This Is the Army, in 1945. During a stop in the Philippines, he heard children in Leyte singing the song God Bless America (which he had written in 1918 and had revised in 1938) with the lyric "God Bless the Philippines". Touched by that and feeling that they might like a song of their own, he composed "Heaven Watch the Philippines", trying to combine the spiritual quality of "God Bless America" with their feeling for America and desire to be free. He taught the song to school children in Leyte and sang

This is a document about God Bless America
  lead and instituted it league-wide for the rest of the season. Presently, teams decide individually when to play the song. The New York Yankees, at Yankee Stadium home games, is currently the only Major League club to play "God Bless America" at every game during the seventh-inning stretch. The Yankees' YES Network televises its performance during all games before going to a commercial. During major games, such as Opening Day, national holidays, playoff contests, or games against the Boston Red Sox or New York Mets, the Yankees will often have Irish tenor Ronan Tynan perform the song. On August 26, 2008, at a Boston Red Sox game at Yankee Stadium, a fan who

This is a document about God Bless America
  Bowl XXXVII. She also sang it on July 4, 2004 in her A New Day... show. "God Bless America" performed by Dion exists in two versions, live and studio. Both included on collections to gather funds for the victims of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and their families. The live version was released on America: A Tribute to Heroes CD and DVD on December 4, 2001. The studio version was released on the God Bless America album. The song was recorded on September 20, 2001, the day before the telethon. It was meant to be a replacement for the performance in the event something happened and Dion could not appear. The song was produced by David Foster.

This is a document about God Bless America
  In 1940 "God Bless America" was the official campaign song for both President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and his Republican opponent, Wendell Willkie. At that time, the song represented cultural and religious tolerance. During a live television broadcast on the evening of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, following addresses by then House and Senate leaders, Speaker Dennis Hastert (Republican) and Tom Daschle (Democrat), members of the United States Congress broke out into an apparently spontaneous verse of "God Bless America" on the steps of the Capitol building in Washington, D.C. On July 21, 2011, Smith's version of the song was played as NASA's final wakeup call for Space Shuttle Atlantis (STS-135), capping the 30-year Space Shuttle program.

This is a document about God Bless the U.S.A.
  Greenwood wrote God Bless the U.S.A. in response to his feelings about the shooting down of Korean Air Lines Flight 007. He said that he "wanted to write it my whole life. When I got to that point, we were doing 300 days a year on the road, and we were on our fourth or fifth album on MCA. I called my producer, and I said I have a need to do this. I've always wanted to write a song about America, and I said we just need to be more united." As for writing the song itself, Greenwood wrote that it more or less "wrote itself", and that the lyrics flowed naturally from the music as a reflection of his pride to be American. The reason behind the cities chosen

The song "God Bless America" was written by Irving Berlin in 1918, but it gained significant popularity and became an unofficial national anthem of the United States after Berlin revised it in 1938. It was first performed on a radio show hosted by Kate Smith and became a hit single in 1940. The song has been recorded by various artists, including Celine Dion, and has been used in times of national crisis, such as after the September 11 attacks.


Question: who wrote the song paint me a birmingham

Answer: Gary Duffy

This is a document about Paint Me a Birmingham
  Paint Me a Birmingham is a song written by Buck Moore and Gary Duffy. It was concurrently released by American country music artists Ken Mellons and Tracy Lawrence, whose versions entered the country charts within one week of each other. Lawrence's was the more successful of the two, reaching #4 in May 2004 and becoming his first Top 5 country hit since "Lessons Learned" in April 2000.

This is a document about List of songs about Alabama
 "Birmingham Bertha" by McKinney's Cotton Pickers ; "Birmingham" by Randy Newman, Tommy Collins, Tommy Roe, Billy Ward, Chuck Berry, Dickie Goodman, ; "Birmingham Blues" by Charlie Daniels, John Lee Hooker, ; "Birmingham Boogie" by Oran 'Hot Lips' Page, ; "Birmingham Breakdown" by Duke Ellington ; "Birmingham Bounce" by Hardrock Gunter, Amos Milburn, ; "Birmingham Daddy" by Gene Autry ; "Birmingham Jail" by Huddie Ledbetter aka Lead Belly, Roy Acuff, Michael Martin Murphey, Johnny Bond, Roy Drusky, ; "Birmingham Lucy" by Bobby Goldsboro ; "Birmingham Mama" by Tony Conn ; "Birmingham Shadows" by Bruce Cockburn ; "Birmingham Tonight" by Delbert McClinton ; "Birmingham's Bounce" by Al Smith ; "Paint Me A Birmingham" by Tracy Lawrence ; "Birmingham" by Drive By Truckers ; "Tuxedo Junction" by Erskine Hawkins ; "Birmingham" by Amanda Marshall ; "Postmarked Birmingham" by Blackhawk (band) ; "Birmingham" by Randy Newman ; "Noctifer Birmingham" by The Mountain Goats ; "Birmingham" by Shovels & Rope

This is a document about List of songs about Birmingham, Alabama
  Turnaround" by Keith Whitley ; "Birmingham" by Amanda Marshall ; "Birmingham" by Drive-By Truckers (2002) ; "Birmingham" by Randy Newman ; "Birmingham" by Shovels & Rope (2012) ; "Boulder to Birmingham" by Emmylou Harris ; "Breakfast in Birmingham" by David Lee Murphy ; "Down and Out in Birmingham" by Pirates of the Mississippi ; "Hello Birmingham" by Ani DiFranco ; "I Got a Man in a 'Bama Mine" by Merline Johnson (1937) ; "Mining Camp Blues" by Trixie Smith (1925) ; "Notifier Birmingham" by The Mountain Goats (1995) ; "Paint Me a Birmingham" by Tracy Lawrence (2004) ; "Postmarked Birmingham" by Blackhawk

This is a document about List of songs about Birmingham, Alabama
 "Birmingham, Alabama" by Harry Belafonte and R. B. Greaves ; "Birmingham Bertha" by Ethel Waters (1929) (from On with the Show!) ; "Birmingham Black Bottom" by Charlie Johnson (1927) ; "Birmingham Blues" by Edith Wilson, Fats Waller (and many others) (1921) ; "Birmingham Blues" by The Charlie Daniels Band (1997) ; "Birmingham Bounce" by Tommy Dorsey (1946) ; "Birmingham Breakdown" by Duke Ellington (1926) ; "Birmingham Bus Station" by Charlie Daniels Band (1994) ; "Birmingham Daddy" by Gene Autry ; "Birmingham Jail" by Lead Belly ; "Birmingham Shadows" by Bruce Cockburn (1995) ; "Birmingham Sunday" by Richard Farina, recorded by Joan Baez ;

This is a document about List of songs about Birmingham, Alabama
  Maylene And The Sons Of Disaster (2009) ; "One of These Days" by Drive-By Truckers ; "Playboy Mommy" by Tori Amos (1998) ; "Postmarked, Birmingham" by Blackhawk ; "Promised Land" by Chuck Berry (later remade as a 1975 hit for Elvis Presley) ; "Rip This Joint" by The Rolling Stones (1972) ; "Run Baby Run" by Sheryl Crow (1993) ; "Stars Fell on Alabama" by Frank Perkins/Mitchell Parish (1934) ; "Sweet Home Alabama" by Lynyrd Skynyrd ; "Swordfishtrombone" by Tom Waits (1983) This is a list of songs written about the city of Birmingham, Alabama:  Birmingham is also mentioned in the following:

This is a document about List of songs about Birmingham, Alabama
  "Pratt City Blues" by Jabo Williams (1932) ; "Sparrows over Birmingham" by Josh Rouse ; "Sweet Birmingham" by Robert Moore (first recorded by Taj Mahal) ; "Sweet Home Alabama" by Lynyrd Skynyrd (1974) ; "Talking Birmingham Jam" by Phil Ochs (1965) ; "The Old Iron Hills" by Maylene and the Sons of Disaster ; "Train to Birmingham" by John Hiatt ; "Tuxedo Junction" by Erskine Hawkins ; "When Jesus Left Birmingham" by John Mellencamp (1993) "Alabama Chicken" by Sean Hayes (2003) ; “Birmingham” by Zach Bryan (2020) ; "Black Betty" by Huddie Ledbetter/Ram Jam ; "Cities" by Talking Heads (1979) ; "Guitar

This is a document about Birmingham, Alabama
  cause against segregation. Birmingham is also known for a bombing which occurred later that year, in which four black girls were killed by a bomb planted at the 16th Street Baptist Church. The event would inspire the African-American poet Dudley Randall's opus, "The Ballad of Birmingham", as well as jazz musician John Coltrane's song "Alabama". In 1998 the Birmingham Pledge, written by local attorney James Rotch, was introduced at the Martin Luther King Unity Breakfast. As a grassroots community commitment to combating racism and prejudice, it has since then been used for programs in all fifty states and in more than twenty countries.

This is a document about Birmingham, Alabama
  The folk song "Down in the Valley", also known as "Birmingham Jail", contains the lines, "Write me a letter, send it by mail; Send it in care of the Birmingham jail." The song "Sweet Home Alabama" by Lynyrd Skynyrd contains the line "in Birmingham they love the governor". The song "Black Betty" by Ram Jam contains the line "She's from Birmingham (bam-ba-lam) Way down in Alabam' (bam-ba-lam)". Randy Newman wrote a song, titled "Birmingham", about a man living in this city. It was released as a track on his 1974 album Good Old Boys. Birmingham is mentioned in "Playboy Mommy" by American singer-songwriter Tori Amos as well as in "Run, baby, run" by American singer-songwriter Sheryl Crow. The 1996 Amanda Marshall song "Birmingham" is about a woman looking for a better life outside the city and leaving her husband.

This is a document about List of songs about Alabama
 "Tuscaloosa" (aka Old Quadrangle) by Harry Lipson III ; “King Cotton” by The Secret Sisters ; "Alabam" by Cowboy Copas ; "Alabama" (State Song) written by Julia Tutwiler ; "Alabama" written by Michael Jary-Bruno Balz ; "Alabama Alibi" by Wendel Adkins/Lonesome Dogs ; "Alabama Barbeque" written by (Benny Davis-J. Fred Coots) ; "Alabama Blues" by J. B. Lenoir ; "Alabama Boogie" by Hank Mathews ; "Alabama Boogie Boy" by Tex Atchison ; "Alabama Bound" by Huddie Ledbetter aka Lead Belly ; "Alabama Bound" by Clyde Hurley ; "Going To Move To Alabama" by Charley Patton ; "Alabama Jail House" by Rod Morris ; "Alabama Jubilee" written by Jack Yellen and George L. Cobb ; "Alabama Lady" by Help Yourself (band) ; "Alabama

This is a document about List of songs about Alabama
  Wet Willie ; "Tombigbee River"/"Gumtree Canoe" (1847) by S. S. Steele ; "Ala freakin Bama" by (Trace Adkins) ; "Bama Breeze" by (Jimmy Buffett) ; "When the Midnight Choo Choo Leaves for Alabam'" written by Irving Berlin ; “Alabama” by Bishop Gunn ; "Alabama Song" Doors ; "Walking in the Alabama Rain" Jim Croce ; "Shout Bamalama" Wet Willie ; "It's Hard to Be Humble (When You're from Alabama)" Phosphorescent ; "Alabama" by The Louvin Brothers ; "Mississippi Kid" by Lynyrd Skynyrd ; "Bury Me In Dixie" by Riley Green ; "Die For Alabama" by Firekid ; "Where I'm From" by Shelby Lynne This is a list of songs written about the U.S. state of Alabama or notable locations in the state:

This is a document about Love & Gravity
  "Postmarked Birmingham" is a ballad written by Phil Vassar and Don Sampson. The song marked the beginning of a songwriter career for Vassar who went on to pen country hits including Little Red Rodeo and My Next Thirty Years; he would also go on to begin a successful recording career in the 2000s. The track was the second single released from the album, peaking at #37 on United States country charts and #53 on the Canadian charts. A music video for the song was also created and released to television. It was produced by Robert Deaton and George J. Flanigen and was nominated as the Nashville Music Video of the Year. Later discussing the song, Henry Paul would recount: "People don't always find the answers they're looking for. We wanted a song to have a simplicity as it tells a memorable story to get the point across while begin as succinct and concise as possible."

This is a document about Tracy Lawrence
  After being dropped from Warner Bros., Lawrence began seeking a new record deal. He had considered RCA Records Nashville, but instead chose DreamWorks Records Nashville, of which Stroud was then the president, and signed a deal with them in October 2003. His first release for the label was "Paint Me a Birmingham", which had been concurrently released by Ken Mellons on an independent label. Lawrence's version overtook Mellons's in terms of airplay, reaching number four on Hot Country Songs and number 42 on the Hot 100 in early 2004. The corresponding album, Strong, came out in 2004, and it consisted largely of material from the unreleased

This is a document about The Ballad of Birmingham
  "Ballad of Birmingham" is a poem by Dudley Randall, that he published as a broadside in 1965. It was written in response to the 1963 bombing at the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama. The poem was set to music by folk singer Jerry Moore in 1967 after he read it in a newspaper, and features on his album Life is a Constant Journey Home.

This is a document about Civil rights movement in popular culture
  of Emmett Till" (1962), one of several songs Bob Dylan paid tribute to civil rights; this one a reference to the Murder of Emmett Till ; "Oxford Town" (1962), written and sung by Bob Dylan, pertains to James Meredith's enrollment at the University of Mississippi. ; ""Alabama" (1963), John Coltrane's jazz composition response to a 1963 church bombing that killed four young girls. ; "A Change Is Gonna Come" (1964), written and sung by Sam Cooke, became an anthem for the civil rights movement. ; "Birmingham Sunday" (1964), Richard Fariña's response to the Birmingham church bombing recorded by Joan Baez, Fariña's sister-in-law, on her

This is a document about Postmarked Birmingham
  "Postmarked Birmingham" is a song recorded by American country music group Blackhawk. It was released in October 1997 as the second single from the album Love & Gravity. The song reached number 37 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The song was written by Phil Vassar and Don Sampson.

This is a document about Music of Alabama
  composer and pianist, hails from Mobile. Birmingham contributed prominently to the history of jazz in America. It is the hometown of numerous influential jazz musicians, including bassist Cleveland Eaton, pianist and vocalist Ray Reach, guitarist Johnny Smith, trumpeter and bandleader Erskine Hawkins, trumpeter and arranger Tommy Stewart, trumpeter Nelson Williams, composer Hugh Martin, arranger Sammy Lowe, bandleader Sun Ra, vibraphonist and bandleader Lionel Hampton, singer and guitarist Odetta, John Propst (pianist for Pete Fountain and Boots Randolph) and many more. Historical areas such as Tuxedo Junction and the Fourth Avenue Historic District played an important role in the evolution of jazz in Birmingham and the United States.

This is a document about Alabama Song
  For the novel, see Alabama Song (novel); for the Allison Moorer album, see Alabama Song (album); for songs with similar titles, see Alabama (disambiguation). The "Alabama Song"—also known as "Moon of Alabama", "Moon over Alabama", and "Whisky Bar"—is an English version of a song written by Bertolt Brecht and translated from German by his close collaborator Elisabeth Hauptmann in 1925 and set to music by Kurt Weill for the 1927 play Little Mahagonny. It was reused for the 1930 opera Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny and has been recorded by the Doors and David Bowie.

This is a document about High Lonesome (Charlie Daniels album)
  by the Charlie Daniels Band. Allmusic now incorrectly cites Gretchen Peters as a co-writer. This is because she wrote a song called "High Lonesome" in 1991 for Randy Travis's album, High Lonesome. Yet another case is with the song "Birmingham Blues" that Charlie Daniels wrote for their 1975 album, Nightrider. In 1977, Jeff Lynne also wrote a song called "Birmingham Blues" for his band, Electric Light Orchestra's album, Out of the Blue, and now Allmusic shows the 1975 Charlie Daniels song as being co-written by Lynne (but not the other way around), which is nonsensical. But once one authoritative site publishes incorrect data, the scrapers spread it around the internet as factual.

This is a document about Birmingham Bounce
  "Birmingham Bounce" is a 1950s song written by Hardrock Gunter. Hardrock Gunter's original version recorded in 1950 was nominated in Jim Dawson and Steve Probe's book, What Was The First Rock and Roll Record?, as potentially the first rock and roll recording.

This is a document about List of songs about Alabama
  Williams ; "Alabama Wild Man" by Jerry Reed ; "All Summer Long" by Kid Rock ; "Alabama Women's Prison Blues" by Wayne Kemp, Mack Vickery ; "Heart Of Dixie" by Darrell McCall ; "Stars Fell On Alabama" by Billie Holiday, Jimmy Buffett written by Frank Perkins/Mitchell Parish ; "Sweet Home Alabama" by Lynyrd Skynyrd ; "Stars Fell on Alabama" by The Mountain Goats ; "Stars In Alabama" by Jamey Johnson ; "Alabama" by Neil Young ; "Alabama" by John Coltrane ; "Alabama Getaway" by The Grateful Dead ; "My Home's In Alabama" by Alabama ; "Flyin' Over Sweet Alabama" by Nikki Hornsby ; "The Three Great Alabama Icons" by Drive By Truckers ; "Alabama" by Paper Rival ; "Alabama" by Rick Hirsch

The song "Paint Me a Birmingham" was written by Buck Moore and Gary Duffy.


Question: percentage of babies born at 24 weeks that survive

Answer: 50 to 70 percent

This is a document about Gestational age
  There is no sharp limit of development, gestational age, or weight at which a human fetus automatically becomes viable. According to studies between 2003 and 2005, 20 to 35 percent of babies born at 23 weeks of gestation survive, while 50 to 70 percent of babies born at 24 to 25 weeks, and more than 90 percent born at 26 to 27 weeks, survive. It is rare for a baby weighing less than 500 g (17.6 ounces) to survive. A baby's chances for survival increases 3-4% per day between 23 and 24 weeks of gestation and about 2-3% per day between 24 and 26 weeks of gestation. After 26 weeks the rate of survival increases at a much slower rate because survival is high already. Prognosis depends also on medical protocols on whether to resuscitate and aggressively treat a very premature newborn, or whether to provide only palliative care, in view of the high risk of severe disability of very preterm babies.

This is a document about Fetal viability
  While there is no sharp limit of development, gestational age, or weight at which a human fetus automatically becomes viable, a 2013 study found that "While only a small proportion of births occur before 24 completed weeks of gestation (about 1 per 1000), survival is rare and most of them are either fetal deaths or live births followed by a neonatal death." According to studies between 2003 and 2005, 20 to 35 percent of births at 24 weeks of gestation survived, while 50 to 70 percent at 25 weeks, and more than 90 percent at 26 to 27 weeks, survived.

This is a document about Late termination of pregnancy
  There is no sharp limit of development, age, or weight at which a fetus becomes viable. A 2015 study found that even with active treatment, no infants born at less than 22 weeks survived, at 23 weeks survival without severe impairment is less than 2%, and at 25 weeks, up to 30% might survive without severe impairment. According to studies between 2003 and 2005, 20 to 35 percent of babies born at 24 weeks of gestation survived, while 50 to 70 percent of babies born at 25 weeks, and more than 90 percent born at 26 to 27 weeks, survived. The

This is a document about Preterm birth
  The chance of survival at 22 weeks is about 6%, while at 23 weeks it is 26%, 24 weeks 55% and 25 weeks about 72% as of 2016. With extensive treatment up to 30% of those who survive birth at 22 weeks survive longer term as of 2019. The chances of survival without long-term difficulties is less. Of those who survive following birth at 22 weeks 33% have severe disabilities. In the developed world overall survival is about 90% while in low-income countries survival rates are about 10%. Some children will adjust well during childhood and adolescence, although disability is

This is a document about Late termination of pregnancy
  However, odds of long-term survival between 22 and 23 weeks are 2–3 percent and odds of survival between 23 and 24 weeks are 20 percent. "Intact survival", which means survival of a neonate without subsequent damage to organs such as the brain or bowel is 1% at 22 weeks and 13% at 23 weeks. Survival odds increase with increasing gestational age. If medical staff observe signs of life, they may be required to provide care: emergency medical care if the child has a good chance of survival and palliative care if not. Induced fetal demise before termination of pregnancy after 20–21 weeks gestation is recommended by some sources to avoid this and to comply with the US Partial Birth Abortion Ban. Induced fetal demise does not improve the safety of an abortion procedure and may incur risks to the health of the woman having the abortion.

This is a document about Preterm birth
  of all preterm births. This rate is inconsistent across countries. In the United Kingdom 7.9% of babies are born pre-term and in the United States 12.3% of all births are before 37 weeks gestation. Approximately 0.5% of births are extremely early periviable births (20-25 weeks of gestation), and these account for most of the deaths. In many countries, rates of premature births have increased between the 1990s and 2010s. Complications from preterm births resulted in 0.81 million deaths in 2015, down from 1.57 million in 1990. The chance of survival at 22 weeks is about 6%, while at 23 weeks it is 26%, 24 weeks 55% and 25 weeks about 72%. The chances of survival without any long-term difficulties are lower.

This is a document about Edwards syndrome
  About 95% of pregnancies that are affected do not result in a live birth. Major causes of death include apnea and heart abnormalities. It is impossible to predict an exact prognosis during pregnancy or the neonatal period. Half of the live infants do not survive beyond the first week of life. The median lifespan is five to 15 days. About 8–12% of infants survive longer than 1 year. One percent of children live to age 10. However, these estimates may be pessimistic; a retrospective Canadian study of 254 children with trisomy 18 demonstrated ten-year survival of 9.8%, and another found that 68.6% of children with surgical intervention survived infancy.

This is a document about Maternal somatic support after brain death
  According to Esmaelilzadeh, et al., "[a]t present, it seems that there is no clear lower limit to the gestational age which would restrict the physician's efforts to support the brain dead mother and her fetus." However, the older a fetus is when its mother becomes brain dead, the greater its chance for survival. Research into preterm births indicates that "a fetus born before 24 weeks of gestation has a limited chance of survival. At 24, 28 and 32 weeks, a fetus has approximately a 20–30%, 80% and 98% likelihood of survival with a 40%, 10% and less than 2% chance of suffering from a severe handicap, respectively."

This is a document about Fetus
  Fetal viability refers to a point in fetal development at which the fetus may survive outside the womb. The lower limit of viability is approximately 5 3⁄4 months gestational age and is usually later. There is no sharp limit of development, age, or weight at which a fetus automatically becomes viable. According to data from 2003 to 2005, survival rates are 20–35% for babies born at 23 weeks of gestation (5 3⁄4 months); 50–70% at 24–25 weeks (6 – 6 1⁄4 months); and >90% at 26–27 weeks (6 1⁄2 – 6 3⁄4 months) and over. It is rare for a baby weighing

This is a document about Infant mortality
  less than 28 weeks gestational age, or less than 35 cm in length) that were born alive (breathed, had a heartbeat, or exhibited voluntary muscle movement) but failed to survive for at least seven days. Although such extremely premature infants typically accounted for only about 0.5% of all live-born children, their exclusion from both the numerator and the denominator in the reported IMR led to an estimated 22%–25% lower reported IMR. In some cases, too, perhaps because hospitals or regional health departments were held accountable for lowering the IMR in their catchment area, infant deaths that occurred in the 12th month were "transferred" statistically to the 13th month (i.e., the second year of life), and thus no longer classified as an infant death.

This is a document about Preterm birth
  survival rate is highest among the infants born the latest in gestation. In women who might deliver between 24 and 37 weeks, corticosteroid treatment may improve outcomes. A number of medications, including nifedipine, may delay delivery so that a mother can be moved to where more medical care is available and the corticosteroids have a greater chance to work. Once the baby is born, care includes keeping the baby warm through skin-to-skin contact or incubation, supporting breastfeeding and/or formula feeding, treating infections, and supporting breathing. Preterm babies sometimes require intubation. Preterm birth is the most common cause of death among infants worldwide. About 15 million babies are preterm each year (5% to 18% of all deliveries). Late preterm birth accounts for

This is a document about Preterm birth
  likely nearer the limits of viability. A large study followed children born between 22 and 25 weeks until the age of 6 years old. Of these children, 46 percent had moderate to severe disabilities such as cerebral palsy, vision or hearing loss and learning disabilities, 34 percent had mild disabilities, and 20 percent had no disabilities. Twelve percent had disabling cerebral palsy. As survival has improved, the focus of interventions directed at the newborn has shifted to reduce long-term disabilities, particularly those related to brain injury. Some of the complications related to prematurity may not be apparent until years after

This is a document about Gestational age
  recently, thresholds for "fetal death" continue to vary widely internationally, sometimes incorporating weight as well as gestational age. The gestational age for statistical recording of fetal deaths ranges from 16 weeks in Norway, to 20 weeks in the US and Australia, 24 weeks in the UK, and 26 weeks in Italy and Spain. The WHO defines the perinatal period as "The perinatal period commences at 22 completed weeks (154 days) of gestation and ends seven completed days after birth." Perinatal mortality is the death of fetuses or neonates during the perinatal period. A 2013 study found that "While only a small proportion of births occur before 24 completed weeks of gestation (about 1 per 1000), survival is rare and most of them are either fetal deaths or live births followed by a neonatal death."

This is a document about Preterm birth
  In the U.S. where many neonatal infections and other causes of neonatal death have been markedly reduced, prematurity is the leading cause of neonatal mortality at 25%. Prematurely born infants are also at greater risk for having subsequent serious chronic health problems as discussed below. The earliest gestational age at which the infant has at least a 50% chance of survival is referred to as the limit of viability. As NICU care has improved over the last 40 years, the limit of viability has reduced to approximately 24 weeks. Most newborns who die, and 40% of older infants who die, were born between 20 and 25.9 weeks (gestational age), during the second trimester. As risk of brain damage and developmental delay is significant at that threshold even if the infant survives, there are ethical controversies over the aggressiveness of the care rendered to such infants. The limit of viability has also become a factor in the abortion debate.

This is a document about Infant mortality
  be applied in the US to marginally viable infants, although such interventions have been found to increase both costs and disability. A study following the implementation of the Born Alive Infant Protection Act of 2002 found universal resuscitation of infants born between 20 and 23 weeks increased the neonatal spending burden by $313.3 million while simultaneously decreasing quality-adjusted life years by 329.3. The vast majority of research conducted in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century indicates that African-American infants are more than twice as likely to die in their first year of life than white infants. Although following a

This is a document about Demographics of Papua New Guinea
 24.38 births/1,000 population

This is a document about Neonatal resuscitation
  Most neonatal deaths (roughly 75%) after resuscitation occur within the first week, but the vast majority occur within 24 hours. This statistic is based on a mean Apgar score score of 5.9, which is considered intermediate. More data is needed to understand outcomes for more severe patients. Outcomes after resuscitation for neonates vary widely based on many factors. One study in Norway analyzed 15 peer-reviewed published articles and found that high-income countries have a mortality rate as high as 10% while low-income countries have a mortality rate as high as 28%. One major factor that improved survival was how quickly medical responders were able to intervene, noting that the first minutes are critical. It has been demonstrated that high concentrations of oxygen lead to generation of oxygen free radicals, which have a role in reperfusion injury after asphyxia. Clinical trial evidence

This is a document about Pacific Islands Families Study
  At 6 weeks of age, a total of 1,376 mothers (of 1398 children, including 22 pairs of twins) were interviewed. Of those, 1224 (89%) participated at 12-months and 1144 (83%) participated at 24-months. No important differential attrition was observed.

This is a document about Patau syndrome
  Approximately 90% of infants with Patau syndrome die within the first year of life. Those children who do survive past 1 year of life are typically severely disabled with intellectual disability, seizures, and psychomotor issues. Children with the mosaic variation are usually affected to a lesser extent. In a retrospective Canadian study of 174 children with trisomy 13, median survival time was 12.5 days. One and ten year survival was 19.8% and 12.9% respectively, including those who underwent aggressive surgical intervention.

This is a document about Late termination of pregnancy
  In 2019, a US Senate Bill entitled the "Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act" raised the issue of live birth after abortion. The bill would mandate that medical providers resuscitate neonates delivered showing signs of life during an abortion process. During the debate around this issue, US Republicans falsely alleged that medical providers "execute" live-born babies. Existing US laws would punish execution as homicide. Furthermore, US abortion experts refute the claim that a "born-alive" fetus is a common event and reject laws that would mandate resuscitation against the wishes of the parents. Only 1.3% of abortions occur after 21 weeks of pregnancy in the US. Although it is very uncommon, women undergoing surgical abortion after this gestational age sometimes give birth to a fetus that may survive briefly. The periviable period is considered to be between 20 and 25 weeks gestation. Long-term survival is possible after 22

The percentage of babies born at 24 weeks that survive is between 20 to 30 percent.


Question: where did the brown v board of education take place

Answer: United States Supreme Court

This is a document about Shawnee County, Kansas
 Brown v. Board of Education National Historic Site

This is a document about Brown v. Board of Education
  Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality. The Court's decision partially overruled its 1896 decision Plessy v. Ferguson, declaring that the "separate but equal" notion was unconstitutional for American public schools and educational facilities. It paved the way for integration and was a major victory of the civil rights movement, and a model for many future impact litigation cases. The case originated in 1951 when the public school

This is a document about Brown v. Board of Education National Historic Site
  Brown v. Board of Education National Historic Site was established in Topeka, Kansas, on October 26, 1992, by the United States Congress to commemorate the landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in the case Brown v. Board of Education aimed at ending racial segregation in public schools. On May 17, 1954, the Supreme Court unanimously declared that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" and, as such, violated the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which guarantees all citizens "equal protection of the laws." The National Historic Site consists of the Monroe Elementary School, one of the four segregated elementary schools for African American children in Topeka, and the adjacent grounds.

This is a document about National Civil Rights Museum
  original bus resides at the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan. In the 2014 reopening, a major new exhibit featured is a replica of the U.S. Supreme Court room where oral argument was heard in 1954 in the seminal Brown v. Board of Education, in which the Court ruled that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. This was a major victory for the civil rights movement. The museum has several interactive kiosks where patrons can access audio, images, text and video about the full civil rights movement. Visitors can search for text based on event, location, or theme. Many exhibits now feature "listening stations"

This is a document about Keyes v. School District No. 1, Denver
  After the Supreme Court of the United States ruled in both Brown v. Board of Education and Brown II that racially segregated schools in the United States were unconstitutional, many states began the arduous process of desegregating their public school systems. Prior to this case many of these initial efforts to desegregate were done primarily in the southern states, as segregation by law was far more common than in the northern states. However, in one school district located in Denver, Colorado, there had been evidence of de facto school segregation almost 15 years after the Brown ruling. The Denver school district was accused of maintaining this de facto segregation by means of attendance zones, optional zones, and mobile classroom units in the Park Hill neighborhood. But in April 1969, a plan was put forth by

This is a document about Civil rights movement
  as Brown II, the Court ordered segregation to be phased out over time, "with all deliberate speed". Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954) did not overturn Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). Plessy v. Ferguson was segregation in transportation modes. Brown v. Board of Education dealt with segregation in education. Brown v. Board of Education did set in motion the future overturning of 'separate but equal'.  On May 18, 1954, Greensboro, North Carolina, became the first city in the South to publicly announce that it would abide by the Supreme Court's Brown v. Board of Education ruling. "It is unthinkable,' remarked School Board Superintendent

This is a document about Stanley Plan
   On May 17, 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court handed down its ruling in Brown v. Board of Education, in which the unanimous court held that separate public schools for black and white students was unconstitutional. Although agitation for an end to racial segregation in schools (and society at large) had been building in the United States since the end of World War II, Brown sparked the modern American civil rights movement. The initial reaction of most Virginia politicians and newspapers to the Brown decision was restrained. From the 1920s to the late 1960s, Virginia politics had been dominated by the Byrd Organization, a political machine led by Senator Harry F. Byrd Sr., another

This is a document about Peabody Academy of Troy, NC
  In 1954, the Supreme Court unanimously struck down segregation in American public schools, in the case that came to be known as Brown v. Board of Education. This was a landmark decision that would be the catalyst for Civil Rights Movement. However, the Montgomery County Board of Education and School Superintendent, like most of the school systems across the South, were very slow and resistant to implementing the process of desegregation of the schools. This sparked the Peabody Community to organize, strategize, and take action. In 1954, a group of 45 Montgomery County parents led by the NAACP decided that they would file a formal complaint against the school system seeking admission

This is a document about Constitutional colorblindness
  The Brown v. Board of Education was a turning point in the civil rights era and was a series of laws that worked to overturn segregation. This case was intended to allow black students to attend white schools. The plaintiffs explained that by being racially separated, black people were treated poorly and that the "separate but equal" doctrine didn't uphold in their favor because the services and accommodations they received were low quality. The Court unanimously decided in Brown that laws separating children by race in different schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which provides that "[n]o state shall … deny to any person … the equal protection of the laws." In making its decision, the Court declared that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." The decision in this case influenced the overturning of segregation in other cases that were dealing with separation on buses, trains, and many public places.

This is a document about Brown v. Board of Education
  The case of Brown v. Board of Education as heard before the Supreme Court combined five cases: Brown itself, Briggs v. Elliott (filed in South Carolina), Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County (filed in Virginia), Gebhart v. Belton (filed in Delaware), and Bolling v. Sharpe (filed in Washington, D.C.). All were NAACP-sponsored cases. The Davis case, the only case of the five originating from a student protest, began when 16-year-old Barbara Rose Johns organized and led a 450-student walkout of Moton High School. The Gebhart case was the only one where a trial court, affirmed by the Delaware Supreme Court, found that discrimination was unlawful; in all the other cases

This is a document about Discrimination based on skin color
  The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) that integrated, equal schools be accessible to all children unbiased to skin color. Currently in the United States, not all state funded schools are equally funded. Schools are funded by the "federal, state, and local governments" while "states play a large and increasing role in education funding." "Property taxes support most of the funding that local government provides for education." Schools which are located in lower income areas receive a lower level of funding than schools which are located in higher income areas due to the fact that all of the funding for education is based on property taxes. The U.S. Department of Education reports that "many high-poverty schools receive less than

This is a document about White flight
  emigration of whites from Africa, or parts of that continent,   driven by levels of violent crime and anti-colonial state policies. Migration of middle-class white populations was observed during the civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s out of cities such as Cleveland, Detroit, Kansas City and Oakland, although racial segregation of public schools had ended there long before the Supreme Court of the United States' decision Brown v. Board of Education in 1954. In the 1970s, attempts to achieve effective desegregation (or "integration") by means of busing in some areas led to more families' moving out of former areas. More generally, some historians suggest that white flight occurred

This is a document about Joseph Rummel
  church parishes, but school desegregation was a very different matter. The United States Supreme Court issued its Brown v. Topeka Board of Education decision on May 17, 1954, declaring segregated schools unconstitutional and reversing all state laws that had established them.  The Louisiana State Legislature promptly passed Act 555 and Act 556, protecting its segregated public school system from being dismantled by the Supreme Court. Both acts were rendered unconstitutional by Judge J. Skelly Wright, a federal judge from the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana in New Orleans, in the case Earl Benjamin Bush v. Orleans Parish School Board

This is a document about Linda Carol Brown
  Linda Brown was born in Topeka, Kansas, on February 20, 1943. She was the oldest of three daughters of Leola and Oliver Brown. Oliver Brown was a welder and pastor. At the direction of the NAACP, Linda Brown's parents attempted to enroll her in nearby Sumner elementary school and were denied. This allowed Brown's family to join the group of civil rights lawsuits coordinated and supported by the NAACP, which would ultimately be decided in the US Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education. The Browns' name was alphabetically first among the families suing the Topeka Board of Education which is why their name was listed first and the case is commonly referred to as Brown vs. the Board of Education. Although her right to attend a non-segregated school was ultimately upheld by the Supreme Court, Brown did not have the opportunity to attend Sumner. By the time the case was decided in 1954, Brown was in junior high school. Brown was reportedly harassed by journalists after the ruling. Brown later attended Washburn and Kansas State University.

This is a document about Topeka, Kansas
   Home to the first African-American kindergarten west of the Mississippi River, Topeka was the home of Oliver Brown, the named plaintiff in Brown v. Board of Education, which was the case responsible for eliminating the standard of "separate but equal", and requiring racial integration in American public schools. In 1960, the Census Bureau reported Topeka's population as 91.8% White and 7.7% Black. At the time the suit was filed, only the elementary schools were segregated in Topeka, and Topeka High School had been fully integrated since its inception in 1871. Furthermore, Topeka High School was the only public high school in the city of Topeka. Other rural high schools existed,

This is a document about Massive resistance
  A. Ransom were gradually winning civil rights cases based upon federal constitutional challenges. Among these was the case of Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County, which was initiated by students to protest poor conditions at R. R. Moton High School in Farmville, Virginia. Their case became part of the landmark Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision in 1954. That decision overturned Plessy and declared that state laws that established separate public schools for black and white students denied black children equal educational opportunities and were inherently unequal. As a result, de jure (legalized) racial segregation was ruled a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, thereby paving the way for desegregation and the Civil Rights Movement.

This is a document about Manassas Industrial School for Colored Youth
  the Advancement of Colored People), a regional public school system took over operations and ran the school until 1959. Thus, for approximately two decades between 1938 until 1958, the Manassas Industrial School formally became the only school for secondary education of African American students in five northern Virginia counties (Prince William, Fairfax, Arlington, Loudoun and Fauquier). After World War II, northern Virginia's population increased and the NAACP followed victories improving salaries for black teachers and allowing black children to receive bus rides to segregated schools by litigating directly against segregated schools. This led to several important court decisions against segregation in the 1950s and 1960s, including Brown v.

This is a document about Lloyd L. Gaines
  sequence of NAACP cases leading to the eventual order for desegregation of public schools: that any academic program that a state provided to whites had to have an equivalent available to blacks. The Gaines holding helped the NAACP lay the foundation for the Supreme Court's landmark 1954 ruling in Brown v. Board of Education, holding that separate facilities for public schools were inherently unequal and ordering such schools to be desegregated, thus overturning Plessy. Since the Supreme Court had ordered the Missouri Supreme Court to rehear the case in light of its ruling, Gaines's legal battle was not over. Historian Gary Lavergne describes Gaines during this period as "high-maintenance": he sought media

This is a document about Fairfax County Public Schools
  The Supreme Court ruling in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) ordered an end to racial segregation. In response, the Commonwealth of Virginia immediately enacted legislation to stop the process of desegregation, took control of all the schools in Virginia, and resorted to closing school systems attempting to desegregate. When Arlington County announced an early attempt at a desegregation plan, its school board was fired by the State Board of Education. In 1955 the Fairfax County School Board renamed a "Committee on Desegregation" as the "Committee on Segregation" after a petition and thread of litigation from a civic group called "Virginia Citizens’ Committee for Better Schools". After the

This is a document about Kansas Commission on Civil Rights
  Kansas Human Rights Commission (KHRC). The 1953 Anti-Discrimination Commission grew out of the emerging Civil Rights Movement in the U.S., which had particular impact in the Kansas capital, Topeka, where the pivotal racial legal case Brown v. Board of Education emerged, ultimately forcing an end to legally mandated or officially sanctioned, racial segregation of public schools not only in Topeka, and throughout Kansas, but nationwide. The 1953 commission, and its empowering statutes, extended this ban on racial discrimination in Kansas to cover employment—but had no enforcement provisions. In 1961, the Anti-Discrimination Commission was converted into the Kansas Commission on Civil Rights (KCCR) with new legislation that prohibited discrimination in employment in Kansas for reasons of race, religion, color,

The Brown v. Board of Education case took place in Topeka, Kansas. The landmark Supreme Court decision was handed down on May 17, 1954, declaring that racial segregation in public schools is unconstitutional. The Brown v. Board of Education National Historic Site in Topeka commemorates this important event in American history.


Question: when did new south wales last win the state of origin

Answer: 2018

This is a document about New South Wales women's rugby league team
  The first state of Origin match began in 1999. Since that time, a 17-year reign had been completed by the Queensland side. New South Wales won their first interstate challenge in 2016 after coming so close to winning in 2015, drawing with Queensland 4 all. New South Wales would then win back to back title winning in 2017. In 2018 New South Wales won the first ever Women's State of Origin match which was held at North Sydney Oval in mid-2018.NSW retained the shield with a win once again at North Sydney Oval in 2019.

This is a document about State of Origin series
  The Under 20s State of Origin has only had eight seasons so far (2012 to 2019) with only one game a year, instead of three. New South Wales has won seven of the eight, with Queensland winning their first in 2018. They play for the Darren Lockyer Shield.

This is a document about Nicho Hynes
  player in the NRL Era to be selected in a grand final but not play a single minute. Records therefore show he was not credited for appearing in the match. The last time a team used less than 17 players in a grand final was the  1994 NSWRL Grand Final, when the victorious Canberra Raiders chose not to use two of their four substitutes. On 1 June 2021 it was announced Hynes would be leaving the Melbourne club at the end of the 2021 NRL season to link up with Cronulla-Sutherland, with a view to shift into the halves & rebuild the club around him. After a solid start to the season for the Melbourne Storm, Hynes was named in the extended NSW Blues side for game 3 of the 2021 State of Origin series.

This is a document about 2018 State of Origin series
  The 2018 State of Origin series was the 37th annual best-of-three series between the Queensland and New South Wales rugby league teams. Before this series, Queensland had won 21 times, NSW 13 times, with two series drawn. The 2018 series was won by New South Wales, after winning the first 2 games of the series, their first since 2014, and their second since 2005. Kevin Walters coached Queensland for the third year in a row, while New South Wales were coached by Brad Fittler after he replaced Laurie Daley in November 2017.

This is a document about State of Origin series
  also had Johnathan Thurston raise the Origin Shield with Queensland Captain Cameron Smith, before being chaired off the ground by his teammates, ending Thurston's representative career on a high note. In 2018, New South Wales won their first State of Origin series in four years, defeating Queensland 22–12 and 18–14 in the first two games. Queensland scored a consolation victory 18–12 in the final game. In 2019, Queensland defeated New South Wales in the first match 18–14. New South Wales then defeated Queensland 38–6 in the second and also won the third game 26–20. This was the first time since 2005 which New South Wales won a series decider and a consecutive series win.

This is a document about Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs
 New South Wales Rugby League, Australian Rugby League and National Rugby League premiers: 8 ; 1938, 1942, 1980, 1984, 1985, 1988, 1995, 2004 ; New South Wales Rugby League, Australian Rugby League and National Rugby League runners-up: 10 ; 1940, 1947, 1967, 1974, 1979, 1986, 1994, 1998, 2012, 2014 ; New South Wales Rugby League, Australian Rugby League and National Rugby League minor premierships: 7 ; 1938, 1942, 1947, 1984, 1993, 1994, 2012 New South Wales Rugby League Club Championships: 7 ; 1938, 1939, 1993, 1994, 2009, 2010, 2011 ; Pre-Season Cup titles: 2 ; 1962, 1970 ; Inter-City titles: 1 ; 1939 ; NRL State Championship: 1 ; 2018  Reserve/Pre-season Representative Honours Junior Representative Honours: Jersey Flegg Premiers: 1963, 1971, 1976, 1979, 1983, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003. SG Ball Premiers: 1972, 1978, 2009. Harold Matthews Premiers: 2007, 2009, 2011

This is a document about Women's State of Origin
  The Women's State of Origin is an annual rugby league fixture between two Australian state representative women's sides, the New South Wales Blues and the Queensland Maroons. First played in 1999 as the Women's Interstate Challenge, the game was rebranded as State of Origin for the 2018 season. Queensland won the first game in 1999 and were unbeaten for 17 years until New South Wales won for the first time in 2016.

This is a document about New South Wales rugby league team
  over his coaching rival and long time Canberra & Australian teammate Mal Meninga. Daley ended Meninga's and Queensland's run of eight series wins with victories in Game I and Game II of the 2014 series. In 2015, New South Wales suffered its biggest origin loss losing 52–6 against Queensland in the decider. In 2016, New South Wales lost the series 2–1 but managed to win the third and final dead rubber game. In 2017, New South Wales were widely tipped to win the series as Queensland had a number of key players injured. In Game 1, New South Wales beat Queensland in convincing fashion 28–4 and in Game 2 were leading

This is a document about July 2010 in sports
 State of Origin series, Game III in Sydney: ; New South Wales 18–23  Queensland. Queensland win the series 3–0. ; Queensland win the series for the fifth straight time. ; It is the first time since 2000 that a team has won all three games, and the first sweep for Queensland since 1995.

This is a document about Winter sport in Australia
  Australian Capital Territory and New Zealand. The season culminates in the premiership deciding game, the NRL Grand Final, traditionally one of Australia's most popular sporting events and one of the largest club championship matches in the world. Rugby League is played in all Australian states and territories, but has a much reduced participation in the southern and western states. The New South Wales Blues and Queensland Maroons play a representative series against each other every year, called the State of Origin series, which is one of Australia's major sporting events. In addition, the Australian Kangaroos represent the country in international matches. Since its inception in 1954, the Australian team has dominated the Rugby League World Cup, having won the competition nine times.

This is a document about City New South Wales rugby league team
  be culled. There was also a sentiment that the fixture had gone from being a genuine audition match for a potential New South Wales origin jersey to being a regular game as most of the New South Wales side had already been picked prior to the match starting. On May 14, 2017, the final City v Country fixture was played with NSW City defeating Country 20-8. Overall, New South Wales City were much more successful than New South Wales Country winning a total of 68 games in the annual fixture as opposed to Country's 22 wins with City winning each year from 1976 to 1991.

This is a document about Stadium Australia
  the Queensland Sport and Athletics Centre) on 27 August 1993 when St George defeated Brisbane 16–10 in Round 22 of the 1993 NSWRL season in front of 58,593 fans. On 18 June 2014, 83,421 fans saw NSW defeat Qld 6–4 in Game 2 of the 2014 State of Origin series. After having won Game 1 at the Suncorp Stadium in Brisbane, the home side's win saw Queensland's eight year domination of Origin come to an end as New South Wales won their first series since 2005. On 5 October 2014, a new post-reconfiguration attendance record of 83,833 saw South Sydney defeat Canterbury-Bankstown 30–6 in the 2014

This is a document about 2019 in Australia
 10 July – Rugby league: New South Wales win the 2019 State of Origin series, defeating Queensland 26–20 at ANZ Stadium in the third match. NSW fullback James Tedesco is awarded both man of the match and the Wally Lewis Medal for player of the series.

This is a document about New South Wales rugby league team
  The New South Wales rugby league team has represented the Australian state of New South Wales in rugby league football since the sport's beginnings there in 1907. Also known as the Blues due to their sky blue jerseys, the team competes in the annual State of Origin series against neighbouring state, the Queensland rugby league team. This annual event is a series of three games competing for the State of Origin shield. As of 2021, the team is coached by Brad Fittler and captained by James Tedesco. Prior to 1980 when the "state-of-origin" selection criteria were introduced, the New South Wales team, in addition to playing annually against Queensland, played matches against foreign touring sides and occasionally toured overseas themselves. They have played all their home matches at ANZ stadium in Sydney, New South Wales in the largest stadium in the state, since it was built in 1999 for the 2000 Sydney Olympics. The New South Wales team retain the 2019 Holden State of Origin shield after beating Queensland 2-1 after being down 1–0.

This is a document about New South Wales rugby league team
  New South Wales' dominance over Queensland came to an end with the introduction of 'state of origin' selection rules in the early 1980s. During the Super League war, in 1997 New South Wales was represented by two teams: one made up of players from clubs that remained loyal to the Australian Rugby League, which competed in the 1997 State of Origin series; another made up of players from clubs that joined the rebel Super League which competed in the one-off Super League Tri-series. Ricky Stuart, who had previously coached New South Wales in 2005, was announced as the first full-time Blues coach in November 2010. Following the 2012 series, the Blues'

This is a document about James Bevan Trophy
  Australia snatched victory in the inaugural James Bevan Trophy test match 29–23 with a last minute try on Saturday 26 May 2007 at the Telstra Stadium in Sydney. They followed this up with a whitewash 31–0 victory at the Suncorp Stadium in Brisbane. Wales captured the trophy the following year in 2008 with a 21–18 victory in Cardiff, but since then it has remained in Australian hands. Three victories in Cardiff in 2009–11 were followed up by a 3–0 series win in Australia in 2012, all by narrow margins. In the return match in Cardiff, Australia once again won with

This is a document about Cooper Cronk
 State of Origin Series Wins: 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017

This is a document about Brad Fittler
  State of Origin player, inducted into the NSWRL Hall of Fame and third-most-capped Australian international player. Fittler won two Rugby League World Cups as a team captain; he captained the Kangaroos to victory in both the 1995 and 2000 finals, and was also a member of the victorious 1992 team. Fittler coached in the NRL for the Sydney Roosters between 2007 and 2009 and for the City New South Wales team in the City vs. Country clash from 2012 to 2017. He has also coached at international level with the Lebanon national rugby league team at the 2017 Rugby League World Cup.

This is a document about State of Origin
  Origin has grown into Australia's greatest sporting rivalry. The popularity of State of Origin matches since then has not waned, and they remain one of Australia's (and indeed the region's) biggest sporting events. A record crowd of 91,513 attended a game at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in 2015. The record for the annual three-game series was set in 2015, when a total of 224,135 people attended. The 2005 series saw an attendance record for a series with two matches in Queensland, with 187,374. The record television audience was set during game 1 of the 2009 series and stands at 3.48 million. Queensland has won 18 series from 1982–2013, and NSW has

This is a document about 2017 State of Origin series
  The 2017 State of Origin series was the 36th annual best-of-three series between the Queensland and New South Wales rugby league teams. Before this series Queensland had won 20 times, NSW 13 times, with two series drawn. Queensland were the current title holders coming into the series, having won 2-1 in 2016. With Games One and Two completed, the series was tied with 1 win to each team. Game Three (the Decider) was played in Brisbane at Suncorp Stadium; leading to a 22-6 win to Queensland. Former Queensland rugby league legend Kevin Walters coached Queensland for the 2nd year after his maiden series win in 2016. Former Canberra, New South Wales and Australia captain Laurie Daley coached New South Wales for the 5th year, looking for his 2nd series win after New South Wales' 2-1 win in 2014. Queensland won their third consecutive series and their eleventh from the past twelve. New South Wales had decided on an unchanged team throughout the series, for the first time in at least twenty years.

New South Wales last won the State of Origin series in 2018, defeating Queensland 2-1.


Question: where is the strongest bone in the body located

Answer: the femur

This is a document about Thigh
  The femur is the only bone in the thigh and serves as an attachment site for all muscles in the thigh. The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum in the pelvic bone forming the hip joint, while the distal part of the femur articulates with the tibia and patella forming the knee. By most measures, the femur is the strongest bone in the body. The femur is also the longest bone in the body. The femur is categorised as a long bone and comprises a diaphysis, the shaft (or body) and two epiphysis or extremities that articulate with adjacent bones in the hip and knee.

This is a document about Femur
  some measures, it is also the strongest bone in the human body. This depends on the type of measurement taken to calculate strength. Some strength tests show the temporal bone in the skull to be the strongest bone. The femur length on average is 26.74% of a person's height, a ratio found in both men and women and most ethnic groups with only restricted variation, and is useful in anthropology because it offers a basis for a reasonable estimate of a subject's height from an incomplete skeleton. The femur is categorised as a long bone and comprises a diaphysis (shaft or body) and two epiphyses (extremities) that articulate with adjacent bones in the hip and knee.

This is a document about Femur
  The femur (, pl. femurs or femora ), or thigh bone, is the proximal bone of the hindlimb in tetrapod vertebrates. The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum in the pelvic bone forming the hip joint, while the distal part of the femur articulates with the tibia (shinbone) and patella (kneecap), forming the knee joint. By most measures the two (left and right) femurs are the strongest bones of the body, and in humans, the largest and thickest.

This is a document about Tibia
  The tibia (plural tibiae  or tibias), also known as the shinbone or shankbone, is the larger, stronger, and anterior (frontal) of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates (the other being the fibula, behind and to the outside of the tibia), and it connects the knee with the ankle bones. The tibia is found on the medial side of the leg next to the fibula and closer to the median plane or centre-line. The tibia is connected to the fibula by the interosseous membrane of leg, forming a type of fibrous joint called a syndesmosis with very little movement. The tibia is named for the flute tibia. It is the second largest bone in the human body next to the femur. The leg bones are the strongest long bones as they support the rest of the body.

This is a document about Wrist
  bone.  Palmar flexion is the most powerful of these movements because the flexors, especially the finger flexors, are considerably stronger than the extensors. Extension (up to 60°): extensor digitorum, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor indicis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris ; Palmar flexion (up to 70°): flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor pollicis longus, flexor carpi radialis, abductor pollicis longus ; Intermediate or combined movements The extrinsic hand muscles are located in the forearm where their bellies form the proximal fleshy roundness. When contracted, most of the tendons of these muscles are prevented from standing up like taut bowstrings around the wrist by

This is a document about Skeleton
   The skeleton consists of both fused and individual bones supported and supplemented by ligaments, tendons, muscles and cartilage. It serves as a scaffold which supports organs, anchors muscles, and protects organs such as the brain, lungs, heart and spinal cord. Although the teeth do not consist of tissue commonly found in bones, the teeth are usually considered as members of the skeletal system. The biggest bone in the body is the femur in the upper leg, and the smallest is the stapes bone in the middle ear. In an adult, the skeleton comprises around 13.1% of the total body weight, and half of this weight is water. Fused bones include those of the pelvis and the cranium. Not

This is a document about Trabecula
  Trabecular bone, also called cancellous bone, is porous bone composed of trabeculated bone tissue. It can be found at the ends of long bones like the femur, where the bone is actually not solid but is full of holes connected by thin rods and plates of bone tissue. Red bone marrow, where all the blood cells are made, fills the space between the trabecular pores. Even though trabecular bone contains a lot of holes, its spatial complexity contributes the maximal strength with minimum mass. It is noted that the form and structure of trabecular bone are organized to optimally resist loads imposed by functional activities, like jumping,

This is a document about Mandible
  In anatomy, the mandible, lower jaw or jawbone is the largest, strongest and lowest bone in the human facial skeleton. It forms the lower jaw and holds the lower teeth in place. The mandible sits beneath the maxilla. It is the only movable bone of the skull (discounting the ossicles of the middle ear). It is connected to the temporal bones by the temporomandibular joints. The bone is formed in the fetus from a fusion of the left and right mandibular prominences, and the point where these sides join, the mandibular symphysis, is still visible as a faint ridge in the midline. Like other symphyses in the body, this is a midline articulation where the bones are joined by fibrocartilage, but this articulation fuses together in early childhood. The word "mandible" derives from the Latin word mandibula, "jawbone" (literally "one used for chewing"), from mandere "to chew" and -bula (instrumental suffix).

This is a document about Epiphysis
 1) Humerus: Located between the shoulder and the elbow. ; 2) Radius: One of two bones located between the hand and the elbow. In anatomical position, the radius is lateral to the ulna. ; 3) Ulna: One of two bones located between the hand and the elbow. In anatomical position, the ulna is medial to the radius. ; 4) Metacarpal: Bones of the hand. They are proximal to the phalanges of the hand. ; 5) Phalanges: Bones of the fingers and toes. They are distal to the metacarpals in the hand and metatarsals in the foot. ; 6) Femur: Longest bone in the human body. Located in the thigh region, between the hip and the knee. ; 7) Fibula: One of two bones in the lower leg. It is lateral to the tibia and smaller. ; 8) Tibia: One of two bones in the lower leg. It is medial to the fibula and does most of the weight bearing. ; 9) Metatarsal: Bones of the foot. Proximal to the medial cuneiform on the first metatarsal, and proximal to the phalanges for the other four. There are many bones that contain an epiphysis:

This is a document about Bone marrow
  Bone marrow is a semi-solid tissue found within the spongy (also known as cancellous) portions of bones. In birds and mammals, bone marrow is the primary site of new blood cell production (or haematopoiesis). It is composed of hematopoietic cells, marrow adipose tissue, and supportive stromal cells. In adult humans, bone marrow is primarily located in the ribs, vertebrae, sternum, and bones of the pelvis. Bone marrow comprises approximately 5% of total body mass in healthy adult humans, such that a man weighing 73 kg (161 lbs) will have around 3.7 kg (8 lbs) of bone marrow. Human marrow produces approximately 500 billion blood cells per day, which join the systemic

This is a document about Glossary of medicine
  tissue which may be found within the spongy or cancellous portions of bones. Bone marrow is the primary site of new blood cell production or hematopoiesis. It is composed of hematopoietic cells, marrow adipose tissue, and supportive stromal cells. In adult humans, bone marrow is primarily located in the ribs, vertebrae, sternum, and bones of the pelvis. On average, bone marrow constitutes 4% of the total body mass of humans; in an adult having 65 kilograms of mass (143 lb), bone marrow typically accounts for approximately 2.6 kg. ; Brachial artery – is the major blood vessel of the (upper) arm. It is

This is a document about Skeletal muscle
  are those with the largest cross-sectional area. This is because the tension exerted by an individual skeletal muscle fiber does not vary much. Each fiber can exert a force on the order of 0.3 micronewton. By this definition, the strongest muscle of the body is usually said to be the quadriceps femoris or the gluteus maximus. ; Because muscle strength is determined by cross-sectional area, a shorter muscle will be stronger "pound for pound" (i.e., by weight) than a longer muscle of the same cross-sectional area. The myometrial layer of the uterus may be the strongest muscle by weight in the female

This is a document about Trabecula
  femur, which consists of 25-50% trabecular bone depending on the region, in the vertebrae which are about 90% trabecular, or in the wrist. When trabecular bone volume decreases, its original plate-and-rod structure is disturbed; plate-like structures are converted to rod-like structures, and pre-existing rod-like structures thin until they disconnect and resorb into the body. Changes in trabecular bone are typically gender-specific, with the most notable differences in bone mass and trabecular microstructure occurring within the age range for menopause. Trabeculae degradation over time causes a decrease in bone strength that is disproportionately large in comparison to volume of trabecular

This is a document about Hip bone
  The ischium forms the lower and back part of the hip bone and is located below the ilium and behind the pubis. The ischium is the strongest of the three regions that form the hip bone. It is divisible into three portions: the body, the superior ramus, and the inferior ramus. The body forms approximately one-third of the acetabulum. The ischium forms a large swelling, the tuberosity of the ischium, also referred to colloquially as the "sit bone". When sitting, the weight is frequently placed upon the ischial tuberosity. The gluteus maximus covers it in the upright posture, but leaves it free in the seated position.

This is a document about Skeletal muscle
 In ordinary parlance, muscular "strength" usually refers to the ability to exert a force on an external object—for example, lifting a weight. By this definition, the masseter or jaw muscle is the strongest. The 1992 Guinness Book of Records records the achievement of a bite strength of 4337 N for 2 seconds. What distinguishes the masseter is not anything special about the muscle itself, but its advantage in working against a much shorter lever arm than other muscles. ; If "strength" refers to the force exerted by the muscle itself, e.g., on the place where it inserts into a bone, then the strongest

This is a document about Lumbar
   In tetrapod anatomy, lumbar is an adjective that means of or pertaining to the abdominal segment of the torso, between the diaphragm and the sacrum. The lumbar region is sometimes referred to as the lower spine, or as an area of the back in its proximity. In human anatomy the five lumbar vertebrae (vertebrae in the lumbar region of the back) are the largest and strongest in the movable part of the spinal column, and can be distinguished by the absence of a foramen in the transverse process, and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body. In most mammals, the

This is a document about Skeleton
  bones are interconnected directly: There are three bones in each middle ear called the ossicles that articulate only with each other. The hyoid bone, which is located in the neck and serves as the point of attachment for the tongue, does not articulate with any other bones in the body, being supported by muscles and ligaments. There are 206 bones in the adult human skeleton, although this number depends on whether the pelvic bones (the hip bones on each side) are counted as one or three bones on each side (ilium, ischium, and pubis), whether the coccyx or tail bone is counted as one or four separate bones, and does not count the variable wormian bones between skull

This is a document about Human musculoskeletal system
  The skeletal system serves as a framework for tissues and organs to attach themselves to. This system acts as a protective structure for vital organs. Major examples of this are the brain being protected by the skull and the lungs being protected by the rib cage. Located in long bones are two distinctions of bone marrow (yellow and red). The yellow marrow has fatty connective tissue and is found in the marrow cavity. During starvation, the body uses the fat in yellow marrow for energy. The red marrow of some bones is an important site for blood cell production, approximately 2.6 million

This is a document about Bone
   Cancellous bone, also called trabecular or spongy bone, is the internal tissue of the skeletal bone and is an open cell porous network. Cancellous bone has a higher surface-area-to-volume ratio than cortical bone and it is less dense. This makes it weaker and more flexible. The greater surface area also makes it suitable for metabolic activities such as the exchange of calcium ions. Cancellous bone is typically found at the ends of long bones, near joints and in the interior of vertebrae. Cancellous bone is highly vascular and often contains red bone marrow where hematopoiesis, the production of blood cells, occurs. The primary anatomical and functional unit of cancellous bone is the trabecula. The trabeculae are aligned towards the mechanical load distribution that a bone experiences within long bones such as

This is a document about Glossary of medicine
  is the proximal bone of the hindlimb in tetrapod vertebrate, the largest bone of the human body. The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum in the pelvic bone forming the hip joint, while the distal part of the femur articulates with the tibia and kneecap, forming the knee joint. ; Fibromyalgia – ; Fibrous joint – ; Fibula – ; Finger – ; First aid – ; Flat bone – ; Foot – ; Forearm – ; Forehead – ; Frontal bone – ; Frontal nerve – Is the largest branch of the ophthalmic nerve (V1), itself a branch of the

The femur, or thigh bone, is the strongest bone in the body. It serves as an attachment site for all muscles in the thigh and is the longest and strongest bone in the body.