text:
Remote Play
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Remote Play
Developer(s)
Sony Interactive Entertainment
Initial release
2006; 12 years ago (2006)
Stable release(s) [±]
Windows PC
2.5 / October 2, 2017; 3 months ago (2017-10-02)[1]
Android
2.5.0 / October 3, 2017; 3 months ago (2017-10-03)[2]
MacOS
2.5 / October 3, 2017; 3 months ago (2017-10-03)[3]
Development status
Active
Operating system
PSP, PS Vita, Android, Windows, macOS
Type
Entertainment
Licence
Freeware
Website
Official website
Remote Play is a feature of Sony video game consoles that allows the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation 4 to transmit its video and audio output to a PlayStation Portable or PlayStation Vita. Similar functionality is provided on Nintendo's Wii U console, using the Off-TV Play function. This feature essentially allows compatible home console games to be played on the handheld. In 2014, it was expanded to include the use of PlayStation TV, Xperia smartphones and tablets (Z2 and later), and PlayStation Now. In 2016, it was expanded to Microsoft Windows PCs and macOS.
While seldom implemented on PS3, Remote Play is a mandatory feature on all PS4 games, except for games that utilize peripherals such as PlayStation Move.
Contents
[hide]
1 Concept
2 Background
2.1 PS3 to PSP
2.2 PS3 to PS Vita
2.3 PS4 to PS Vita
2.4 Other variants
3 PS3 Software compatibility
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Concept[edit]
Sony defined Remote Play as follows:
"Remote Play allows a PSP system to connect wirelessly to a PS3 system and transfers some functionality of the PS3 to the PSP system. With remote play, a PSP system may access files that are located on the PS3, as well as, play certain software titles..."[4]
Sony later amended this definition to apply between the PlayStation 4 and PlayStation Vita as well.[5] The premise of Off-TV Play on the Wii U is similar in concept, in how the video game console does all of the processing, but sends the image and sound straight to the Wii U GamePad's screen instead of a television screen.[5] Similarly, in the case of Remote Play, the PlayStation 3 or PlayStation 4 do all of the processing, but transmit the image and sound to the PlayStation Portable or PlayStation Vita screens and speakers.[5] While typically in reference to Sony consoles and handhelds, it has been used in different ways as well. In April 2010, a firmware update was released for the PS3 that allowed Remote Play between it and the Sony VAIO brand laptops as well.[6]
Background[edit]
PS3 to PSP[edit]
Interactivity between Sony's home video game consoles and handheld video game console is traced back as far as 2006, prior to the PlayStation 3's launch, when journalists noticed a PlayStation Portable icon, with the title "Remote Play", on pre-release versions of their PS3.[7] The functionality was officially revealed just prior to the PS3's launch in October 2006, at Sony's "Gamer's Day" event, where Sony demonstrated the ability to transfer the PS3's output to a PSP instead of a television, through showing downloaded PlayStation games and movie films being transmitted to a PSP's screen and speakers.[8] Sony announced that all original PlayStation games would support the feature, but they had to be digital, not disc-based, media from the PS3's internal harddrive.[9][10] This later changed by the end of 2007, when a firmware update made it so any original PlayStation game was compatible with Remote Play, even disc-based ones.[11]
Despite Sony's early emphasis on Remote Play and original PlayStation game support, it was used very sparingly between the PS3 and PSP, with very few PS3 titles allowing for its use. The feature was even removed from several titles before their final release, most notably Gran Turismo HD and Formula One Championship Edition.[12] Most titles were small PlayStation Network-only titles. The late 2007 PS3 title Lair was notable for being one of the few original, physical Blu-Ray disc releases work between the PS3 and PSP.
PS3 to PS Vita[edit]
In late 2011, just prior to the launch of the PlayStation Vita, video game website Eurogamer published a rumor stating that a firmware update for the PS3 would provide Remote Play compatibility for all PS3 games when using Remote Play between a PS3 and Vita.[13] The premise seemed plausible, with websites reporting that Sony had shown working demonstrations of the concept prior to the rumor at the Tokyo Game Show, showing LittleBigPlanet 2 and Killzone 3 supporting the feature.[14][15] Despite this, the rumor was declared false by Sony, who said that the feature had to be implemented on the software side by developers on an individual basis, not on a hardware level.[16]
PS3 to Vita Remote Play went on to be rarely implemented as well. It retained any games supported by PS3 to PSP Remote Play support, including all original PlayStation games, but was again rarely used by actual PS3 games. Only a few games supported it, namely HD Remasters such as The Ico & Shadow of the Colossus Collection and the God of War Collection.[17]
President of Sony's Worldwide Studios for Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. Shuhei Yoshida summarized the issues with PS3 to Vita Remote Play:
"The single biggest issue, why there are not many PlayStation 3 games that support Remote Play, was that it was optional – the system didn't do much. The game has to set aside some memory or CPU to be able to do that, and usually, memory is the most precious resource that [development] teams fight amongst each other for. So when it comes down to the priorities, these are features that are very easy to drop."[18]
Despite this, unofficial hacks to the PS3 firmware have been reported to unlock the Remote Play feature in a number of PS3 games with varying degrees of success. Games such as Battlefield 3[14] and BioShock Infinite[19] have been shown to technically be feasible, though still impossible to do without unofficially hacking the PS3's firmware.
PS4 to PS Vita[edit]
In June 2013, Sony announced that all PlayStation 4 games would be compatible with Remote Play with the PS Vita, with the exception of games which conceptually would not work, such as ones that heavily revolve around PlayStation Eye use.[18] Otherwise, contrary to PS3 to PS Vita Remote Play, PS4 to PS Vita Remote Play is designed on a hardware level, meaning that all games are automatically compatible, and it is only up to developers to make sure the controls adapt well to being played on a Vita instead of a DualShock 4.[18] This iteration of Remote Play was developed by Gaikai,[20] who also developed PlayStation Now.[21] Remote Play on the updated PlayStation Vita 2000 was shown at Tokyo Game Show in 2013.[22]
Other variants[edit]
PS4 firmware update 1.70 introduced full remote play functionality for the PlayStation TV, allowing users to play PS4 games in a separate room or house, on a television set with a PS TV device remotely connected to the PS4.[23][24]
Remote Play with the PS4 is available for Sony Xperia smartphones and tablet computers starting with the Z3 line,[25] and requires a DualShock 4 in order to play games. The service was made available on 28 October 2014,[26] and was expanded to Sony's older Z2 series a month later.[27]
With the release of PS4 system software 3.50 on 6 April 2016, Remote Play was made available on Windows PCs and macOS.[28] A DualShock 4 controller is required to use it, and must be connected through a USB cable or wirelessly via a separate accessory. 1080p streaming is available when using a PS4 Pro model.
Cloud gaming and Remote Play are some of several Gaikai-powered streaming services announced for the PlayStation 4 through its PlayStation Now service.[29] Cloud gaming differs from Remote Play in that Remote Play allows games on home devices to operate remotely over a wireless network,[30] while cloud gaming refers to a game that resides on a distant server rather than on a user's device.[31]
PS3 Software compatibility[edit]
In 2007, Sony made all original PlayStation games, when played on a PlayStation 3, compatible with Remote Play on the PSP.[11] Additionally, Sony has announced that all PlayStation 4 games will be playable on the PlayStation Vita.[5] Beyond these two scenarios, Remote Play was a feature that was sparingly implemented in games. The below chart indicates instances when Remote Play on PS3 is an available feature.
Game
Type
PSP Compatible
PS Vita Compatible
Aqua Vita/Aquatopia PSN game Yes Yes
Anarchy: Rush Hour PSN game Yes Yes
Bejeweled 2[32] PSN game Yes Yes
Bionic Commando Rearmed[33] PSN game Yes Yes
BlazBlue: Calamity Trigger[34] Blu-ray Yes Yes
Chaos;Child Blu-ray and PSN game Yes Yes
Chariot PSN game No Yes
FirstPlay PSN application Yes Yes
God of War Collection[17] Blu-ray and PSN game No Yes
Gundemonium Recollection[35] PSN game Yes Yes
High Stakes on the Vegas Strip: Poker Edition PSN game Yes Yes
Ico & Shadow of the Colossus Collection[17] Blu-ray and PSN game No Yes
The Idolmaster: Gravure For You! Vol. 9[36] Blu-ray Yes Yes
Imabikisō[37] Blu-ray and PSN game Yes Yes
Lair[38] Blu-ray Yes Yes
LEGO Batman[39] Blu-ray Yes Yes
Life with PlayStation PSN application Yes Yes
Mainichi Issho[40] PSN game Yes Yes
Misato Katsuragi's Reporting Plan PSN game Yes Yes
Peggle[41] PSN game Yes Yes
Peggle Nights[41] PSN game add-on Yes Yes
PixelJunk Eden PSN game Yes Yes
PixelJunk Monsters PSN game Yes Yes
PixelJunk Shooter PSN game Yes Yes
PlayTV Blu-ray and PSN game Yes Yes
Robotics;Notes Blu-ray No Yes
Retro/Grade[42] PSN game Yes Yes
SingStar[43] Blu-ray Yes Yes
SingStar Vol. 2[44] Blu-ray Yes Yes
SingStar ABBA[45] Blu-ray Yes Yes
SingStar Viewer[46] PSN application Yes Yes
Tokyo Jungle[47] Blu-ray and PSN game No Yes
VidZone[48] PSN application Yes Yes
Weekly Toro Station PSN game Yes Yes
Zuma[49] PSN game Yes Yes
See also[edit]
PlayStation Now
Off-TV Play
Xbox SmartGlass
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Remote Play for Windows". Windows Store. Microsoft. Retrieved October 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "PS4 Remote Play for Android". October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Remote Play for Mac". October 3, 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Remote Play for PS3 and PSP". Support.us.playstation.com. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Sony: Vita Remote Play for All PS4 Games". IGN. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
Jump up ^ PS3 Update features (Version 3.30)
Jump up ^ Yoon, Andrew (2006-10-03). "Is that a PSP in your PlayStation 3?". Joystiq. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
Jump up ^ Yoon, Andrew (2006-10-19). "Sony Gamer's Day reveals new PSP-PS3 details". Joystiq. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
Jump up ^ Yoon, Andrew (2006-10-27). "PSP-PS3 connectivity stays away from discs". Joystiq. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
Jump up ^ Yoon, Andrew (2006-12-13). "Advanced Remote Play functionality coming in March". Joystiq. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
^ Jump up to: a b Klepek, Patrick (2007-12-18). "Any PS1 Game Playable on PSP via Remote Play: News from". 1UP.com. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
Jump up ^ "F1 on the PS3 – PSP in the Rear View – Digital Displacement".
Jump up ^ Yin, Wesley (2011-11-24). "PS3 firmware to enable Vita Remote Play for all games • News • PlayStation Vita •". Eurogamer.net. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
^ Jump up to: a b Leadbetter, Richard (2012-01-23). "Hacked PS3 games running on Vita via Remote Play • Blogs •". Eurogamer.net. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
Jump up ^ "Sony Denies Remote Play Support for All PS3 Titles Rumor". Playstationlifestyle.net. 2011-12-02. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
Jump up ^ "Sony denies full PS3-to-Vita Remote Play". Gematsu. 2011-12-02. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Remote Play Brings God of War, Ico and Shadow of the Colossus Collections to PS Vita Today – PlayStation.Blog". Blog.us.playstation.com. 2012-09-05. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
^ Jump up to: a b c Parfitt, Ben. "PS4-Vita Remote Play enabled at a system level | Games industry news | MCV". Mcvuk.com. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
Jump up ^ "BioShock Infinite is technically playable on PS Vita through Remote Play". Polygon. 2013-03-27. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
Jump up ^ RadioPS (2013-08-21). "Gaikai Used for PS4 Remote Play On Vita". RadioPS. Retrieved 2013-10-01.
Jump up ^ "Sony reveals the PlayStation 4 ahead of holiday 2013 launch". ArsTechnica. 2013-02-20. Retrieved 2013-10-01.
Jump up ^ "Hands-on with the new PlayStation Vita". Engadget. 2013-09-13. Retrieved 2013-10-01.
Jump up ^ 2014-04-17, PS4“システムソフトウェア バージョン1.70”の内容が公開、ニコニコ生放送や各配信サービス内の動画アーカイブへの対応、HDCP信号オフなど, Famitsu
Jump up ^ 2014-04-17, PS4がバージョン1.70へのアップデートでニコ生HD配信などに対応！, Weekly ASCII
Jump up ^ McWhertor, Michael (September 3, 2014). "PS4 Remote Play is coming to Sony Xperia Z3 phones and tablets this November". Polygon. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Are you ready to PLAY? PS4™ Remote Play now available for Xperia™ Z3 series". 28 October 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "You can Remote Play PS4 games on your Xperia Z2 devices now, too".
Jump up ^ "PlayStation's 3.50 system software update out tomorrow". PlayStation.Blog.Europe. 2016-04-05. Retrieved 2017-11-24.
Jump up ^ "PS4 hits November 15 for $399: What you need to know (hands-on)". cnet.com. 2013-06-10. Retrieved 2013-10-02.
Jump up ^ "About Remote Play". Retrieved 2013-10-02.
Jump up ^ "What is Cloud Gaming?". Retrieved 2013-10-02.
Jump up ^ "Bejeweled 2 Coming to PSN – PlayStation.Blog". Blog.us.playstation.com. 2009-01-29. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
Jump up ^ Yoon, Andrew (2008-08-14). "Reminder: Bionic Commando Rearmed works via Remote Play". Joystiq. Retrieved 2013-07-18.
Jump up ^ "BlazBlue Gets PSP Support Via Remote Play". Kotaku.com. Retrieved 2013-07-18.
Jump up ^ "Gundemonium Collection". Gundemonium.com. Retrieved 2013-07-18.
Jump up ^ "Next Idolmaster Gravure Game Supports Remote Play on PlayStation Vita". Andriasang.com. Retrieved 2013-07-19.
Jump up ^ "セガチュンプロジェクト 公式サイト". Chun.sega.jp. Retrieved 2013-07-19.
Jump up ^ Miller, Ross (2007-09-03). "Play Lair on PSP with remote play". Joystiq. Retrieved 2013-07-18.
Jump up ^ "GC 2008: LEGO Batman to support PS3-PSP Remote Play | Lego Batman: The Videogame news | PSP". Pocket Gamer. 2008-08-27. Retrieved 2013-07-19.
Jump up ^ Vrabel, Peter (2007-06-05). "Remote Play reveals unique features for Mainichi Issyo [Update". Joystiq. Retrieved 2013-07-19.
^ Jump up to: a b "Coming to PSN this Week: Peggle & Peggle Nights – PlayStation.Blog". Blog.us.playstation.com. 2009-11-16. Retrieved 2013-07-13.
Jump up ^ "Retro/Grade's Backwards Battle Begins Today – PlayStation.Blog". Blog.us.playstation.com. Retrieved 2013-09-05.
Jump up ^ "'SingStar' (PS3) Summer Update To Add Online Battle Mode". Worthplaying. 2010-07-08. Retrieved 2013-09-05.
Jump up ^ "SingStar Vol.2 - PlayStation 3, PS3 game". Uk.playstation.com. Retrieved 2013-09-05.
Jump up ^ "SingStar ABBA - PlayStation 3 - GameSpy". Ps3.gamespy.com. 2008-12-03. Retrieved 2013-09-05.
Jump up ^ "SingStar Viewer Available Today on PlayStation Store – PlayStation.Blog". Blog.us.playstation.com. Retrieved 2013-09-05.
Jump up ^ Kubba, Sinan (2012-09-26). "Tokyo Jungle's Remote Play functionality to be patched in". Joystiq. Retrieved 2013-09-05.
Jump up ^ "VidZone: Free Music Video App on PS3 Today, Take the Tour – PlayStation.Blog". Blog.us.playstation.com. 2013-07-16. Retrieved 2013-09-05.
Jump up ^ "Zuma Review". IGN. Retrieved 2013-09-05.
External links[edit]
Using remote play (via the Internet)
PS4 Remote Play using Xperia smartphones
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Robert Carradine
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Robert Carradine
Carradine holding a producer credit for
The 1 Second Film in October 2004
Born
Robert Reed Carradine
(1954-03-24) March 24, 1954 (age 64)
Hollywood, California, U.S.
Occupation
Actor
Years active
1972–present
Spouse(s)
Edie Mani (m. 1990)
Children
3
Robert Reed Carradine (born March 24, 1954) is an American actor. The youngest of the Carradine family, he made his first appearances on television western series such as Bonanza and his late brother David's TV series, Kung Fu. Carradine's first film role was in the 1972 film The Cowboys, which starred John Wayne and Roscoe Lee Browne. Carradine also portrayed fraternity president "Lewis Skolnick" in the Revenge of the Nerds series of comedy films.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Acting career
2.1 Film
2.2 Television
3 Personal life
3.1 2015 car crash
4 Filmography
5 Awards
6 References
7 External links
Early life[edit]
Carradine was born in Hollywood, California, the son of actress and artist Sonia Sorel (née Henius) and actor John Carradine. He is one of many actors in the Carradine family. He is the brother of Christopher and Keith Carradine, paternal half-brother of Bruce and the late David Carradine, and maternal half-brother of Michael Bowen.[1] His maternal great-grandfather was biochemist Max Henius, and his maternal great-grandmother was the sister of historian Johan Ludvig Heiberg.[2]
Carradine's parents divorced when he was 2 years old. A bitter custody battle led to his father gaining custody of him and his brothers, Christopher and Keith. During the custody battle, the children spent three months in a home for abused children as wards of the court.[3] His brother, Keith, said of the experience, "It was like being in jail. There were bars on the windows, and we were only allowed to see our parents through glass doors. It was very sad. We would stand there on either side of the glass door crying".[4]
Carradine was raised primarily by his stepmother, his father's third wife, Doris Grimshaw, and believed her to be his mother until he was introduced to Sonia Sorel at a Christmas party when he was 14 years old.[5] While still in high school, Robert lived with his half-brother, David, in Laurel Canyon, California. Under David's care he indulged in two of his major interests: race car driving and music.[6] He and David belonged to a musical quartet that performed in small clubs in Los Angeles and San Francisco.[5]
Acting career[edit]
Film[edit]
Carradine made his film debut in 1972 in The Cowboys with John Wayne.[7] He was also featured in a short-lived television series, of the same name, based on the movie. He made an appearance as a killer in the Martin Scorsese film Mean Streets shooting to death the character played by his brother, David.
During this time he worked with David on some independent projects including a biker film called You and Me (1975) and an unreleased musical called A Country Mile. He also did camera work for David's cult classic Vietnam War-inspired Americana which was not released until 1983.[6]
In 1976, Carradine had the opportunity to demonstrate on screen what he considered to be his "first ambition", car racing,[5] when he played Jim Cantrell in Paul Bartel's Cannonball. In the film Robert's character ironically wins the cross country road race, beating the favorite, Coy "Cannonball" Buckman, played by his brother, David. In 1977, Robert became a snack for the vengeful killer whale in the Jaws imitation film Orca.[8]
In 1978, Robert landed a demanding role in Hal Ashby's Oscar-winning Vietnam War drama, Coming Home, which starred Jane Fonda and Jon Voight. His performance caused some speculation that he might be the best actor in his family.[5]
Robert was instrumental in securing his brothers David and Keith to perform with him in one of the most unusual casting arrangements in movie history. Together the Carradines played the Younger brothers in The Long Riders (1980) along with three other sets of acting brothers: Stacy and James Keach, Dennis and Randy Quaid, and Christopher and Nicholas Guest.[9]
Also in 1980, Carradine co-starred with Mark Hamill and Lee Marvin in Samuel Fuller's The Big Red One recounting Fuller's WW II experience. His character, who was based on Fuller himself, narrated the film.[10]
In 1983, he and Cherie Curie starred in the science fiction movie Wavelength in which he played a washed up rock star who helps extraterrestrials escape from a military base.[11] For the film he performed his own compositions including one named after his daughter, Ever. Also in 1983, he starred in the music video for The Motels hit song "Suddenly Last Summer" as lead singer Martha Davis' love interest.
Carradine's biggest film success to date came in 1984 when he starred in Revenge of the Nerds as the lead nerd Lewis Skolnick. To prepare for the comedy, Carradine spent time at The University of Arizona, where the movie was filmed, participating in rush week. "No fraternity picked him, convincing Carradine that he was indeed right for the part of the nerd that nobody wanted to claim as their own."[12] Carradine reprised the role of Skolnick in three sequels, taking over as executive producer in the latter two. In 2001 he played Donald Keeble in Max Keeble's Big Move. In 2000 he co-starred with Caroline Rhea in Mom's Got a Date with a Vampire. He reprised his role as Sam McGuire in The Lizzie McGuire Movie in 2003.
Television[edit]
Carradine's first television appearance was in 1971, on the classic western series, Bonanza. He also appeared on his brother David's series, Kung Fu, as Sunny Jim, the mute companion of Serenity Johnson, played by his father, John, in an episode called Dark Angel (1972). In 1979, he was alongside Melissa Sue Anderson in Survival of Dana.[6] In 1984, Carradine played Robert Cohn in the television mini-series version of Ernest Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises.[13] He appeared in the 1987 HBO mini-series, Conspiracy: The Trial of the Chicago 8.[14] He was also a guest star in an episode of Law & Order: Criminal Intent entitled Gone (2005, Season 4, Episode 11). He also took part in Jane Doe, a TV series directed by James A. Contner, in 2007.
He was cast as Sam McGuire on Lizzie McGuire. The show which starred Hilary Duff as Lizzie McGuire, Lalaine as Miranda Sanchez, and Ashlie Brillault as Kate Sanders was widely popular among girls. The show's realistic approach to the problems of a 13-year-old girl also appealed to parents. It attracted such guest stars as David Carradine, Aaron Carter, the late Doris Roberts, and Aerosmith lead singer Steven Tyler.[15][16]
He appeared in the ER episode "Sleepless in Chicago" alongside Nerds co-star Anthony Edwards.
In January 2013, he and former Revenge of the Nerds co-star, Curtis Armstrong, hosted King of the Nerds, a reality TV series in which a group of nerds compete to find out which one is the nerdiest.
In January 2015, he and Curtis Armstrong, repeated their series King of the Nerds on TBS.
2015 he appeared on TV's Celebrity Wife Swap S4/Ep13 with football player T.O. Owens. This was filmed while he was still recovering after his accident.
Personal life[edit]
Carradine has two daughters, actress Ever Carradine (with Susan Snyder), Marika Reed Carradine with his wife Edie Mani, and a son, Ian Alexander Carradine. He is also the uncle of actress Martha Plimpton.
2015 car crash[edit]
TMZ reported on March 12, 2015 that Carradine was involved in a serious car accident. He was rushed to the hospital. His wife was also injured in the crash.[17]
Filmography[edit]
The Cowboys – 1972
Mean Streets – 1973
Go Ask Alice – 1973
Aloha, Bobby and Rose – 1975
The Pom Pom Girls – 1976
Cannonball – 1976
Massacre at Central High – 1976
Orca – 1977
Joyride – 1977
Blackout – 1978
Coming Home – 1978
Survival of Dana – 1979
The Long Riders – 1980
The Big Red One – 1980
Heartaches – 1981
Tag: The Assassination Game – 1982
Wavelength – 1983
Revenge of the Nerds – 1984
The Sun Also Rises – 1984
As Is – 1986
Monte Carlo – 1986 (TV miniseries)
Number One with a Bullet – 1987
Revenge of the Nerds II: Nerds in Paradise – 1987
Conspiracy: The Trial of the Chicago 8 (1987)
Totally Minnie – 1987
I Saw What You Did – 1988
Rude Awakening – 1989
All's Fair – 1989
Buy & Cell – 1989 (As Herbie Altman)
The Incident – 1990
Clarence – 1990
Revenge of the Nerds III: The Next Generation – 1992
Body Bags – 1993
The Tommyknockers – 1993
Revenge of the Nerds IV: Nerds in Love – 1994
Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman – 1994 as Joey Bermuda A.K.A. The Handyman
ER: Sleepless in Chicago – 1995
Escape from L.A. – 1996
Humanoids from the Deep (1996 film) (1996)
Scorpio One – 1998
Lycanthrope (film); 1999
The Kid With the X-Ray Eyes – 1999
Mom's Got a Date With a Vampire – 2000 as Van Helsing the Vampire Hunter
Ghosts of Mars – 2001
Max Keeble's Big Move – 2001 as Donald Keeble
The Lizzie McGuire Movie – 2003 as Sam McGuire
Attack of the Sabretooth – 2005 (TV)
Comanche Stallion – 2005
Hoboken Hollow – 2005 (movie)
Supercross – 2005 (movie)
Law & Order: CI – 2005
Jane Doe: Ties that bind – 2007 (TV)
Deep Winter – 2008 (movie)
Tooth and Nail – 2008 (movie)
The 13th Alley – 2008 (movie)
The 1 Second Film – 2009 (movie) (producer)
The Terror Experiment – 2010
Fancypants – 2011
Bikini Spring Break – 2012
Jesse Stone: Benefit of the Doubt – 2012 (TV movie)
Django Unchained – 2012
King of the Nerds – 2013-2015 (as himself, in reference to Lewis Skolnick)
Justice – 2017
Awards[edit]
1998: Honoree—The 16th Annual Golden Boot Awards (along with brothers David and Keith)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Kleiner, Dick. Carradines: 8 Sons, 2 Dads, 3 Moms.The Sumter Daily Item. June 1, 1982,pg 10
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ Rader, Dotson. I Didn't Want to Fail.Parade Magazine. September 29, 1991. Page 14
Jump up ^ Deihl, Digby, Getting Personal With Keith Carradine.Boca Raton News. November 4, 1984, Pg.99
^ Jump up to: a b c d Scott, Vernon. Young Robert May Top All Carradines. Sarasota Herald. Feb. 22, 1978, pg. 7B
^ Jump up to: a b c Carradine, David. Endless Highway. (1995) Journey Editions
Jump up ^ Anderson, Nancy. Hollywood Hotline. Kingsport Post. February 3, 1972, pg.8
Jump up ^ Anderson, George, "Old Soldier, A Killer Whale". Pittsburgh Post Gazette. August 25, 1977, pg 24
Jump up ^ Scott, Vernon.Brotherly Love. The Bryan Times. November 10, 1979, pg. 24
Jump up ^ Canby, Vincent.The Big Red One,' 5 G.I.'s in World War II; Three Years of War. The New York Times. July 18, 1980, pg C6
Jump up ^ Loohaulis, Jackie. "Wavelength" Delightful. The Milwaukee Journal. September 30, 1983, pg.36
Jump up ^ Newsmakers. Ottawa Citizen. July 30, 1984, pg. 44
Jump up ^ Clark, Kenneth. Hemingway's Classic "Sun" Rises Again as Mini-series. The Montreal Gazette. Dec. 7 1984, pg 16
Jump up ^ Reading Eagle. May 1, 1987,pg.40
Jump up ^ Holson, Laura. "Lizzie McGuire" Has Become a Hot Disney Brand. New York Times. December 2, 2002
Jump up ^ "Lizzie McGuire" Box Set Volume 1 DVD Review.
Jump up ^ http://www.tmz.com/2015/03/12/robert-carradine-car-accident-head-on-crash-semi-truck/
External links[edit]
Robert Carradine on IMDb
Robert Carradine at the Internet Broadway Database
Robert Carradine at Internet Off-Broadway Database
Robert Carradine at AllMovie
Robert Carradine at the TCM Movie Database
Robert Carradine Producer Profile for The 1 Second Film
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
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LCCN: no92009077
ISNI: 0000 0001 1506 9914
GND: 140013369
SUDOC: 098245031
BNF: cb139307836 (data)
BNE: XX1288444
SNAC: w6zd6sqv
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Carradine&oldid=826406215"
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World economy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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World economy
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20 Largest economies pie chart
The world economy or global economy is the economy of the world, considered as the international exchange of goods and services that is expressed in monetary units of account (money).[1] In some contexts, the two terms are distinguished: the "international" or "global economy" being measured separately and distinguished from national economies while the "world economy" is simply an aggregate of the separate countries' measurements. Beyond the minimum standard concerning value in production, use, and exchange the definitions, representations, models, and valuations of the world economy vary widely. It is inseparable from the geography and ecology of Earth.
It is common to limit questions of the world economy exclusively to human economic activity, and the world economy is typically judged in monetary terms, even in cases in which there is no efficient market to help valuate certain goods or services, or in cases in which a lack of independent research or government cooperation makes establishing figures difficult. Typical examples are illegal drugs and other black market goods, which by any standard are a part of the world economy, but for which there is by definition no legal market of any kind.
However, even in cases in which there is a clear and efficient market to establish a monetary value, economists do not typically use the current or official exchange rate to translate the monetary units of this market into a single unit for the world economy, since exchange rates typically do not closely reflect worldwide value, for example in cases where the volume or price of transactions is closely regulated by the government.
World share of GDP (PPP) (World Bank, 2011).[2]
Rather, market valuations in a local currency are typically translated to a single monetary unit using the idea of purchasing power. This is the method used below, which is used for estimating worldwide economic activity in terms of real US dollars or euros. However, the world economy can be evaluated and expressed in many more ways. It is unclear, for example, how many of the world's 7.13 billion people have most of their economic activity reflected in these valuations.
As of 2017, the following 15 countries or regions have reached an economy of at least US$2 trillion by GDP in nominal or PPP terms: Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, Russia, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the European Union.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Economy – overview
1.1 World economy by Country Groups
1.2 Current world economic league table of largest economies in the world by GDP and share of global economic growth
1.3 Twenty largest economies in the world by nominal GDP
1.4 Twenty Largest Economies in the World by PPP GDP (IMF and CIA World Factbook)
2 Statistical indicators
2.1 Economy
2.2 Employment
2.3 Industries
2.4 Energy
2.5 Cross-border
2.6 Gift economy
2.7 Communications
2.8 Transport
2.9 Military
3 Economic studies
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Economy – overview[edit]
World economy by Country Groups[edit]
The following two tables list the Country Groups with individual countries designated by the IMF.[4] Members of the G-20 major economies are in bold.
List of Country Groups by GDP (nominal) in Millions US$[5] List of Country Groups by GDP (PPP) in 2015 in Millions US$[5]
Country Group
GDP (Nominal)
Peak Year
Number of Countries
Economies with at least 0.5% of Global GDP
Major advanced economies (G7) 36,006,539 2017 7 Canada
France
Germany
Italy
Japan
United Kingdom
United States
Emerging and Developing Asia 17,084,823 2017 30 China
India
Indonesia
Thailand
Other Advanced Economies
(Advanced economies excluding G7) 11,593,086 2014 32 Australia
Austria
Belgium
South Korea
Netherlands
Norway
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Taiwan
Latin America and the Caribbean 5,983,936 2013 32 Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan, and Pakistan 3,473,402 2014 22 Iran
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Commonwealth of Independent States and Georgia 2,943,338 2013 12 Russia
Emerging and developing Europe 2,031,117 2014 12 Poland
Turkey
Sub-Saharan Africa 1,690,338 2014 45 Nigeria
World 78,519,556 2014 192
Country Group
GDP (Nominal)
Peak Year
Number of Countries
Economies with at least 0.5% of Global GDP
Emerging and Developing Asia 41,233,893 2017 30 China
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Thailand
Major advanced economies (G7) 38,766,514 2017 7 Canada
France
Germany
Italy
Japan
United Kingdom
United States
Other Advanced Economies
(Advanced economies excluding G7) 13,587,681 2017 32 Australia
South Korea
Netherlands
Spain
Taiwan
Latin America and the Caribbean 9,730,047 2017 32 Argentina
Brazil
Colombia
Mexico
Venezuela
Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan, and Pakistan 9,529,045 2017 22 Algeria
Egypt
Iran
Pakistan
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Commonwealth of Independent States and Georgia 5,583,406 2017 12 Russia
Emerging and developing Europe 4,453,006 2017 12 Poland
Turkey
Sub-Saharan Africa 3,804,491 2017 45 Nigeria
South Africa
World 126,688,083 2017 192
Current world economic league table of largest economies in the world by GDP and share of global economic growth[edit]
The following two tables list the 25 largest economies by GDP (Nominal), twenty largest economies by GDP (PPP). Members of the G-20 major economies are in bold.
List of the 25 largest economies
by GDP (nominal) at their peak level of GDP in Millions US$[6] List of the 25 largest economies
by GDP (PPP) at their peak level of GDP in Millions US$[7]
Rank
Country
Value
(USD$)
Peak Year
— World 78,519,556 2014
1 United States 19,417,144 2017
— European Union 19,200,287 2008
2 China 11,795,297 2017
3 Japan 6,203,213 2012
4 Germany 3,885,440 2014
5 United Kingdom 3,064,351 2007
6 France 2,937,321 2008
7 Brazil 2,614,027 2011
8 India 2,454,458 2017
9 Italy 2,402,062 2008
10 Russia 2,230,624 2013
11 Canada 1,842,627 2013
12 Spain 1,642,738 2008
13 Australia 1,509,639 2012
14 South Korea 1,498,074 2017
15 Mexico 1,298,404 2014
16 Indonesia 1,020,515 2017
17 Turkey 950,328 2013
18 Netherlands 940,665 2008
19 Saudi Arabia 756,350 2014
20 Switzerland 702,736 2014
21 Argentina 631,621 2015
22 Sweden 578,742 2013
23 Iran 570,039 2011
24 Nigeria 568,496 2014
25 Taiwan 566,757 2017
Rank
Country
Value
(USD$)
Peak Year
— World 126,688,083 2017
1 China 23,194,411 2017
— European Union 20,852,702 2017
2 United States 19,417,144 2017
3 India 9,489,302 2017
4 Japan 5,420,228 2017
5 Germany 4,134,668 2017
6 Russia 3,938,001 2017
7 Brazil 3,306,570 2014
8 Indonesia 3,257,123 2017
9 United Kingdom 2,905,392 2017
10 France 2,833,064 2017
11 Mexico 2,406,199 2017
12 Italy 2,303,108 2017
13 Turkey 2,082,079 2017
14 South Korea 2,029,706 2017
15 Saudi Arabia 1,796,205 2017
16 Spain 1,768,816 2017
17 Canada 1,752,910 2017
18 Iran 1,535,491 2017
19 Australia 1,251,416 2017
20 Thailand 1,226,407 2017
21 Egypt 1,197,967 2017
22 Taiwan 1,177,052 2017
23 Nigeria 1,124,627 2017
24 Poland 1,114,105 2017
25 Pakistan 1,060,569 2017
Twenty largest economies in the world by nominal GDP[edit]
Main article: List of IMF ranked countries by historical GDP (nominal)
The following is a list of the twenty largest economies by nominal GDP at peak value as of the specific year according to International Monetary Fund.[8]
Rank
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
1 United States United States United States United States United States United States United States United States United States
2 Soviet Union Soviet Union Japan Japan Japan Japan China China China
3 Japan Japan Soviet Union Germany Germany Germany Japan Japan Japan
4 West Germany West Germany West Germany France United Kingdom United Kingdom Germany Germany Germany
5 France France France United Kingdom France China United Kingdom United Kingdom India
6 United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom Italy Italy France France France United Kingdom
7 Italy Italy Italy Brazil China Italy Italy Brazil France
8 China Canada Canada China Brazil Canada Brazil Italy Brazil
9 Canada China Iran Spain Canada Spain Russia Russia Italy
10 Mexico India Spain Canada Mexico South Korea India India Russia
Rank
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
11 Spain Brazil Brazil Iran Spain Brazil Spain Canada Canada
12 Brazil Mexico China South Korea South Korea Mexico Canada Spain South Korea
13 India Australia India Mexico Iran India Australia Australia Spain
14 Netherlands Spain Australia Netherlands India Russia South Korea South Korea Australia
15 Australia Iran Netherlands Australia Netherlands Australia Mexico Mexico Indonesia
16 Saudi Arabia Netherlands Mexico India Russia Netherlands Netherlands Turkey Mexico
17 Sweden Sweden South Korea Switzerland Australia Iran Turkey Netherlands Turkey
18 Belgium Saudi Arabia Switzerland Russia Switzerland Turkey Indonesia Indonesia Netherlands
19 Switzerland Switzerland Sweden Belgium Taiwan Switzerland Switzerland Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia
20 Iran South Korea Turkey Argentina Argentina Sweden Iran Switzerland Argentina
Twenty Largest Economies in the World by PPP GDP (IMF and CIA World Factbook)[edit]
The following is a list of twenty largest economies by GDP (PPP) at peak value as of the specific year according to CIA World Factbook and the International Monetary Fund.[9][10]
Rank
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
1 United States United States United States United States United States United States United States China China
2 Soviet Union Soviet Union Japan Japan China China China United States United States
3 Japan Japan West Germany China Japan Japan India India India
4 Italy West Germany Soviet Union Germany Germany India Japan Japan Japan
5 West Germany Italy Italy Russia India Germany Russia Germany Germany
6 France France France India Russia Russia Germany Russia Russia
7 Brazil Brazil China Italy France Brazil Brazil Brazil Indonesia
8 United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom France Italy France France Indonesia Brazil
9 Mexico China Brazil Brazil Brazil United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom
10 India India India United Kingdom United Kingdom Italy Italy France France
Rank
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
11 China Mexico Mexico Mexico Mexico Mexico Indonesia Mexico Mexico
12 Spain Canada Canada Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Mexico Italy Italy
13 Canada Spain Indonesia Spain Spain Spain Spain Turkey Turkey
14 Saudi Arabia Iran Spain Canada Canada Canada South Korea South Korea South Korea
15 Indonesia Indonesia Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia South Korea South Korea Canada Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia
16 Argentina Saudi Arabia Turkey South Korea Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia Iran Canada Spain
17 Iran Turkey Iran Turkey Turkey Turkey Turkey Spain Canada
18 Netherlands Australia South Korea Iran Iran Iran Saudi Arabia Iran Iran
19 Turkey Netherlands Australia Australia Australia Australia Australia Australia Egypt
20 Poland Argentina Netherlands Thailand Netherlands Thailand Taiwan Thailand Australia
Statistical indicators[edit]
Economy[edit]
GDP (GWP) (gross world product): (purchasing power parity exchange rates) – $59.38 trillion (2005 est.), $51.48 trillion (2004), $23 trillion (2002)
GDP (GWP) (gross world product):[11] (market exchange rates) – $60.69 trillion (2008)
GDP – real growth rate: 3.2% (2008), 3.1% p.a. (2000–07), 2.4% p.a. (1990–99), 3.1% p.a. (1980–89)
GDP – per capita: purchasing power parity – $9,300, €7,500 (2005 est.), $8,200, €6,800 (92) (2003), $7,900, €5,000 (2002)
World median income: purchasing power parity $1,041, €950 (1993)[12]
GDP – composition by sector: agriculture: 4%; industry: 32%; services: 64% (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): developed countries 1% to 4% typically; developing countries 5% to 60% typically; national inflation rates vary widely in individual cases, from declining prices in Japan to hyperinflation in several Third World countries (2003)
Derivatives OTC outstanding notional amount: $601 trillion (Dec 2010) ([4])
Derivatives exchange traded outstanding notional amount: $82 trillion (June 2011) ([5])
Global debt issuance: $5.187 trillion, €3 trillion (2004), $4.938 trillion, €3.98 trillion (2003), $3.938 trillion (2002) (Thomson Financial League Tables)
Global equity issuance: $505 billion, €450 billion (2004), $388 billion. €320 billion (2003), $319 billion, €250 trillion (2002) (Thomson Financial League Tables)
Employment[edit]
World GDP per capita between 1500–2000 (log scale)
World GDP per capita between 1500–2003
GDP increase, 1990–1998 and 1990–2006, in major countries.
Unemployment rate: 8.7% (2009 est.). 30% (2007 est.) combined unemployment and underemployment in many non-industrialized countries; developed countries typically 4%–12% unemployment.
Industries[edit]
Industrial production growth rate: 3% (2002 est.)
Energy[edit]
Yearly electricity – production: 21,080,878 GWh (2011 est.),[13] 15,850,000 GWh (2003 est.), 14,850,000 GWh (2001 est.)
Yearly electricity – consumption: 14,280,000 GWh (2003 est.), 13,930,000 GWh (2001 est.)
Oil – production: 79,650,000 bbl/d (12,663,000 m3/d) (2003 est.), 75,460,000 barrels per day (11,997,000 m3/d) (2001)
Oil – consumption: 80,100,000 bbl/d (12,730,000 m3/d) (2003 est.), 76,210,000 barrels per day (12,116,000 m3/d) (2001)
Oil – proved reserves: 1.025 trillion barrel (163 km³) (2001 est.)
Natural gas – production: 3,366 km³ (2012 est.),[14] 2,569 km³ (2001 est.)
Natural gas – consumption: 2,556 km³ (2001 est.)
Natural gas – proved reserves: 161,200 km³ (1 January 2002)
Cross-border[edit]
Yearly exports: $12.4 trillion, €11.05 trillion (2009 est.)
Exports – commodities: the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and services
Exports – partners: US 12.7%, Germany 7.1%, China 6.2%, France 4.4%, Japan 4.2%, UK 4.1% (2008)
Yearly imports: $12.29 trillion, €10.95 trillion (2009 est.)
Imports – commodities: the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and services
Imports – partners: China 10.3%, Germany 8.6%, US 8.1%, Japan 5% (2008)
Debt – external: $56.9 trillion, €40 trillion (31 December 2009 est.)
Gift economy[edit]
Yearly economic aid – recipient: net Official Development Assistance (ODA) of $135.2 billion (2014)[15]
Communications[edit]
Telephones – main lines in use: 843,923,500 (2007)
4,263,367,600 (2008)
Telephones – mobile cellular: 3,300,000,000 (Nov. 2007)[16]
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 10,350 (2000 est.)
Internet users: 3,079,339,857 (December 31, 2014 [6]), 360,985,492 (December 31, 2000[17])
Transport[edit]
Transportation infrastructure worldwide includes:
Airports
Total: 41,821 (2013)[18]
Roadways (in kilometres)
Total: 32,345,165 km
Paved: 19,403,061 km
Unpaved: 12,942,104 km (2002)
Railways
Total: 1,122,650 km includes about 190,000 to 195,000 km of electrified routes of which 147,760 km are in Europe, 24,509 km in the Far East, 11,050 km in Africa, 4,223 km in South America, and 4,160 km in North America.[dubious – discuss]
Military[edit]
World military expenditure in 2012: estimated to $1.756 trillion [19]
Military expenditures – percent of GDP: roughly 2% of gross world product (1999).
Economic studies[edit]
To promote exports, many government agencies publish on the web economic studies by sector and country. Among these agencies include the USCS (US DoC) and FAS (USDA) in the United States, EDC and AAFC in Canada, Ubifrance in France, UKTI in the UK, HKTDC and JETRO in Asia, Austrade and NZTE in Oceania. Through Partnership Agreements, The Federation of International Trade Associations publishes studies from several of these agencies (USCS, FAS, AAFC, UKTI, HKTDC), as well as other non-governmental organizations on its website GlobalTrade.net.
See also[edit]
Capitalism
Common Wealth: Economics for a Crowded Planet (book)
Economic collapse
Economic history of the world
Emerging and growth-leading economies
Global financial system
Global workforce
Globality
Globalization
Trade route
Overconsumption
World Trade Report
World systems theory
Regional economies:
Economy of Africa
Economy of Asia
Economy of Europe
Economy of North America
Economy of Oceania
Economy of South America
Events:
2007–2008 world food price crisis
Late 2000s recession
Oil price increases since 2003
Lists:
List of countries by GDP sector composition
List of world's largest economies (nominal) – based on current currency market exchange rates
List of world's largest economies (PPP) – based on purchasing power parity
Historical list of world's largest economies (PPP) – for the years between 1 and 1998
List of world production
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "World Economy." – Definition. American English Definition of with Pronunciation by Macmillan Dictionary. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Jan. 2015.
Jump up ^ "The International Comparison Program (ICP)". Retrieved 1 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Gross domestic product, current prices & Gross domestic product based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) valuation of country GDP". World Economic Outlook Database, October 2015. International Monetary Fund. October 2015. Retrieved 2015-10-15.
Jump up ^ [1] IMF GDP 2017 Data (April 2017)
^ Jump up to: a b "Gross domestic product". IMF World Economic Outlook. April 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
Jump up ^ [2] IMF GDP (Nominal) Data (April 2017)
Jump up ^ [3] IMF GDP (PPP) Data (April 2017)
Jump up ^ "Gross domestic product, current prices". International Monetary Fund. International Monetary Fund. October 2015. Retrieved 11 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "Gross domestic product based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) valuation of country GDP; Current international dollar". International Monetary Fund. April 2017. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "GDP (PURCHASING POWER PARITY)". CIA World Factbook. CIA World Factbook. 2014. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ "IMF World Economic Outlook, Crisis and Recovery, April 2009". Imf.org. 2009-04-16. Retrieved 2012-07-17.
Jump up ^ B. Milanovic (January 2002). "True World Income Distribution, 1988 and 1993: First Calculation Based on Household Surveys Alone" (PDF). Retrieved 13 May 2011.
Jump up ^ "International Energy Statistics". Retrieved 1 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "International Energy Statistics". Retrieved 1 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Development aid stable in 2014 but flows to poorest countries still falling". OECD. 2015-04-08. Retrieved 2015-07-23.
Jump up ^ global cellphone penetration reaches 50 percent
Jump up ^ "World Internet Usage Statistics News and World Population Stats". Internetworldstats.com. Retrieved 2015-06-08.
Jump up ^ "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". Retrieved 1 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "3. Military expenditure - SIPRI". Retrieved 1 April 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: World economy
OECD – Economic Outlook
US Bureau of Labor and Statistics, Major Economic Indicators
IMF – World Economic Outlook
UN DESA – World Economy publications
CIA – The World Factbook – World
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World Bank Summary Trade Statistics for World
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text:
Flag of Uruguay
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Uruguay
Name
The National Pavilion (Official), The Sun and Stripes (Nickname)
Use
National flag and ensign
Proportion
2:3
Adopted
July 11, 1830
Design
Nine horizontal stripes of white alternate with blue with the white square on the upper hoist-side corner bearing the Sun of May in the center.
Designed by
Joaquín Suárez the first head of state of Uruguay in December 1828 and President of Uruguay 1843-1852.
The national flag of Uruguay (Pabellón Nacional) is one of the three official flags of Uruguay alongside with the Flag of Artigas and the Flag of the Treinta y Tres. It has a field of nine equal horizontal stripes alternating white and blue. The canton is white, charged with the Sun of May, from which 16 rays extend, alternating between triangular and wavy.[1] The flag was first adopted by law on December 16, 1828, and had 19 stripes until July 11, 1830, when a new law reduced the number of stripes to nine.[2] The flag was designed by Joaquín Suárez.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Symbolism and design
2 Co-official flags
2.1 Maritime flag
3 Historical banners
3.1 Historical flags
3.2 Variations
4 Gallery
5 References
6 External links
Symbolism and design[edit]
The horizontal stripes on the flag represent the nine original departments of Uruguay, based on the U.S flag, where the stripes represent the original 13 colonies. The first flag designed in 1828 had 9 light blue stripes; this number was reduced to 4 in 1830 due to visibility problems from distance. The Sun of May represents the May Revolution of 1810; according to the historian Diego Abad de Santillán, the Sun of May is a figurative sun that represents Inti, the sun god of the Inca religion. It also appears in the Flag of Argentina and the Coat of Arms of Bolivia.
Co-official flags[edit]
Flag of Artigas
Flag of the Treinta y Tres
Maritime flag[edit]
Naval Jack of Uruguay
Historical banners[edit]
During Spanish rule:
Flag of Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
Flag of Cisplatina, under Brazilian occupation between 1821 and 1825:
Flag of the Cisplatina
Historical flags[edit]
Flag of the Provincia Oriental
(1825-1828)
Flag of the Oriental State of Uruguay
(1828-1830)
Variations[edit]
During the Great Siege of Montevideo (1843-1851) Uruguay had two parallel governments, with two different flags:
Flag used by the Government of the Cerrito during the Uruguayan Civil War.
Flag used by the Government of the Defense during the Uruguayan Civil War.
Gallery[edit]
Flag in the historical Estadio Centenario, Montevideo.
Flag in the Estadio Centenario
Flag in Colonia del Sacramento
Sun of May
Flag in the Palacio Legislativo
Historical Flag from the 1924 Olympic Games
Flag in Otranto
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Flag of Uruguay". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-27.
^ Jump up to: a b "Uruguay, flag of". Guide to Hispanic Heritage. Britannica.com. Retrieved 2007-06-27.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Flags of Uruguay.
Uruguay at Flags of the World
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Flag of Artigas
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value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

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value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-af
display: none;

value: የኡሩጓይ ሰንደቅ ዓላማ – Amharic

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interlanguage-link interwiki-am
display: none;

value: علم الأوروغواي – Arabic

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interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

value: Сцяг Уругвая – Belarusian

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interlanguage-link interwiki-be
display: none;

value: Национално знаме на Уругвай – Bulgarian

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interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

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interlanguage-link interwiki-bs
display: none;

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interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

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interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

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interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

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interlanguage-link interwiki-de
display: none;

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interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

value: Σημαία της Ουρουγουάης – Greek

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interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

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interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

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interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

value: پرچم اروگوئه – Persian

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interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

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interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

value: 우루과이의 국기 – Korean

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

value: Ուրուգվայի դրոշ – Armenian

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interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

value: युरुग्वे का ध्वज – Hindi

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interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

value: উরুগুয়ের ফিরালহান – Bishnupriya

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interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy
display: none;

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interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

value: דגל אורוגוואי – Hebrew

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

value: ურუგვაის დროშა – Georgian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ka
display: none;

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interlanguage-link interwiki-sw
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

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interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

value: Знаме на Уругвај – Macedonian

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interlanguage-link interwiki-mk
display: none;

value: उरुग्वेचा ध्वज – Marathi

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interlanguage-link interwiki-mr
display: none;

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interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

value: ウルグアイの国旗 – Japanese

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interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
display: none;

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interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

value: Det uruguayanske flagget – Norwegian Nynorsk

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interlanguage-link interwiki-nn
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

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interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

value: Флаг Уругвая – Russian

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interlanguage-link interwiki-sco
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sq
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sk
display: none;

value: Застава Уругваја – Serbian

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interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

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interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

value: ธงชาติอุรุกวัย – Thai

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interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

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interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

value: Прапор Уругваю – Ukrainian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-yo
display: none;

value: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

value: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

value: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Flag_of_Uruguay rootpage-Flag_of_Uruguay skin-vector action-view