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Dr. Seuss
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"Theo Geisel" redirects here. For the physicist, see Theo Geisel (physicist). For people with the last name Suess rather than Seuss, see Suess (disambiguation).
Dr. Seuss
Theodore Seuss Geisel in 1957
Born
Theodor Seuss Geisel
(1904-03-02)March 2, 1904
Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S.
Died
September 24, 1991(1991-09-24) (aged 87)
La Jolla, California, U.S.
Pen name
Dr. Seuss
Theo LeSieg
Rosetta Stone
Theophrastus Seuss
Occupation
Writer, political cartoonist, animator, book publisher, artist, poet
Genre
Children's literature
Years active
1927–1990
Spouse
Helen Palmer Geisel (m. 1927; her death 1967)
Audrey Stone Dimond (m. 1968; his death 1991)
Signature
Website
seussville.com
Theodor Seuss Geisel (/ˈsuːs ˈɡaɪzəl/ ( listen);[1] March 2, 1904 – September 24, 1991)[2] was an American author, political cartoonist, poet, animator, book publisher, and artist, best known for authoring more than 60 children's books under the pen name Doctor Seuss (abbreviated Dr. Seuss) (/suːs/).[1] His work includes several of the most popular children's books of all time, selling over 600 million copies and being translated into more than 20 languages by the time of his death.[3]
Geisel adopted the name "Dr. Seuss" as an undergraduate at Dartmouth College and a graduate student at the University of Oxford. He left Oxford in 1927 to begin his career as an illustrator and cartoonist for Vanity Fair, Life, and various other publications. He also worked as an illustrator for advertising campaigns, most notably for FLIT and Standard Oil, and as a political cartoonist for the New York newspaper PM. He published his first children's book And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street in 1937. During World War II, he took a brief hiatus from children's literature and worked in an animation department of the United States Army where he produced several short films, including Design for Death, which later won the 1947 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.[4]
After the war, Geisel focused on children's books once again, writing classics like If I Ran the Zoo (1950), Horton Hears a Who! (1955), If I Ran the Circus (1956), The Cat in the Hat (1957), How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (1957), and Green Eggs and Ham (1960). He published over 60 books during his career, which have spawned numerous adaptations, including 11 television specials, four feature films, a Broadway musical, and four television series.
Geisel won the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award in 1958 for Horton Hatches the Egg and again in 1961 for And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street. Geisel's birthday, March 2, has been adopted as the annual date for National Read Across America Day, an initiative on reading created by the National Education Association.
Contents
[hide]
1 Life and career
1.1 Early years
1.2 Early career
1.3 Essomarine
1.4 World War II-era work
1.5 Later years
2 Illness, death, and posthumous honors
3 Pen names and pronunciations
4 Political views
4.1 In his books
5 Poetic meters
6 Artwork
6.1 Recurring images
7 Publications
8 Films based on his books
9 Adaptations
10 See also
11 References
12 Further reading
13 External links
Life and career
Early years
Geisel was born and raised in Springfield, Massachusetts, the son of Henrietta (née Seuss) and Theodor Robert Geisel.[5][6][7] His father managed the family brewery and was later appointed to supervise Springfield's public park system by Mayor John A. Denison[8] after the brewery closed because of Prohibition.[9] Mulberry Street in Springfield, made famous in Dr. Seuss' first children's book And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street, is less than a mile southwest of his boyhood home on Fairfield Street. Geisel was raised a Lutheran.[10] He enrolled at Springfield Central High School in 1917 and graduated in 1921. He took an art class as a freshman and later became manager of the school soccer team.[11]
Geisel attended Dartmouth College, graduating in 1925.[12] At Dartmouth, he joined the Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity[5] and the humor magazine Dartmouth Jack-O-Lantern, eventually rising to the rank of editor-in-chief.[5] While at Dartmouth, he was caught drinking gin with nine friends in his room.[13] At the time, the possession and consumption of alcohol was illegal under Prohibition laws, which remained in place between 1920 and 1933. As a result of this infraction, Dean Craven Laycock insisted that Geisel resign from all extracurricular activities, including the college humor magazine.[14] To continue work on the Jack-O-Lantern without the administration's knowledge, Geisel began signing his work with the pen name "Seuss". He was encouraged in his writing by professor of rhetoric W. Benfield Pressey, whom he described as his "big inspiration for writing" at Dartmouth.[15]
Upon graduating from Dartmouth, he entered Lincoln College, Oxford, intending to earn a PhD in English literature.[16] At Oxford, he met Helen Palmer, who encouraged him to give up becoming an English teacher in favor of pursuing drawing as a career.[16]
Early career
Geisel left Oxford without earning a degree and returned to the United States in February 1927,[17] where he immediately began submitting writings and drawings to magazines, book publishers, and advertising agencies.[18] Making use of his time in Europe, he pitched a series of cartoons called Eminent Europeans to Life magazine, but the magazine passed on it. His first nationally published cartoon appeared in the July 16, 1927, issue of The Saturday Evening Post.[19] This single $25 sale encouraged Geisel to move from Springfield to New York City.
Later that year, Geisel accepted a job as writer and illustrator at the humor magazine Judge, and he felt financially stable enough to marry Helen.[20] His first cartoon for Judge appeared on October 22, 1927, and the Geisels were married on November 29. Geisel's first work signed "Dr. Seuss" was published in Judge about six months after he started working there.[21]
In early 1928, one of Geisel's cartoons for Judge mentioned FLIT, a common bug spray at the time manufactured by Standard Oil of New Jersey.[22] According to Geisel, the wife of an advertising executive in charge of advertising FLIT saw Geisel's cartoon at a hairdresser's and urged her husband to sign him.[23] Geisel's first Flit ad appeared on May 31, 1928, and the campaign continued sporadically until 1941.[24] The campaign's catchphrase "Quick, Henry, the Flit!" became a part of popular culture. It spawned a song and was used as a punch line for comedians such as Fred Allen and Jack Benny. As Geisel gained notoriety for the FLIT campaign, his work was in demand and began to appear regularly in magazines such as Life, Liberty, and Vanity Fair.
Geisel supported himself and his wife through the Great Depression by drawing advertising for General Electric, NBC, Standard Oil, Narragansett Brewing Company, and many other companies. In 1935, he wrote and drew a short-lived comic strip called Hejji.[25]
The increased income allowed the Geisels to move to better quarters and to socialize in higher social circles.[26] They became friends with the wealthy family of banker Frank A. Vanderlip. They also traveled extensively: by 1936, Geisel and his wife had visited 30 countries together. They did not have children, neither kept regular office hours, and they had ample money.[27] Geisel also felt that the traveling helped his creativity.
In 1936, the couple were returning from an ocean voyage to Europe when the rhythm of the ship's engines inspired the poem that became his first book: And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street.[28] Based on Geisel's varied accounts, the book was rejected by between 20 and 43 publishers.[29][30] According to Geisel, he was walking home to burn the manuscript when a chance encounter with an old Dartmouth classmate led to its publication by Vanguard Press.[31] Geisel wrote four more books before the US entered World War II. This included The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins in 1938, as well as The King's Stilts and The Seven Lady Godivas in 1939, all of which were in prose, atypically for him. This was followed by Horton Hatches the Egg in 1940, in which Geisel returned to the use of poetry.
Essomarine
Geisel gained a significant public profile through a program for motor boat lubricants produced by Standard Oil under the brand name Essomarine.[32] He later recounted that Harry Bruno, Ted Cook, and Verne Carrier worked with him at the National Motor Boat Show on exhibits referred to as the Seuss Navy.[33]
In 1934, Geisel produced a 30-page booklet titled Secrets of the Deep which was available by mail after June. At the January boat show for 1935, visitors filled out order cards to receive Secrets. Geisel drew up a Certificate of Commission for visitors in 1936. A mock ship deck called SS Essomarine provided the scene where photos of "Admirals" were taken. That summer, Geisel released a second volume of Secrets. For the 1937 show, he sculpted Marine Muggs and designed a flag for the Seuss Navy.[citation needed]
The following year featured "Little Dramas of the Deep", a six-act play with ten characters. According to Geisel's sister, "He plans the whole show with scenery and action and then, standing in a realistic bridge, reels off a speech which combines advertising with humor." For 1939, exhibitors made available the Nuzzlepuss ashtray and illustrated tide-table calendars.
A Seuss Navy Luncheon was held on January 11, 1940, at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel. At that year's boat show, Geisel provided the Navigamarama exhibit and the Sea Lawyers Gazette.
The final contribution to the Essomarine project was the mermaid Essie Neptune and her pet whale in 1941. The exhibit offered photos for a Happy Cruising passport.[34]
World War II-era work
Play media
"The Goldbrick", Private Snafu episode written by Geisel, 1943
As World War II began, Geisel turned to political cartoons, drawing over 400 in two years as editorial cartoonist for the left-leaning New York City daily newspaper, PM.[35] Geisel's political cartoons, later published in Dr. Seuss Goes to War, denounced Hitler and Mussolini and were highly critical of non-interventionists ("isolationists"), most notably Charles Lindbergh, who opposed US entry into the war.[36] One cartoon[37] depicted all Japanese Americans as latent traitors or fifth-columnists, while other cartoons simultaneously deplored the racism at home against Jews and blacks that harmed the war effort.[citation needed] His cartoons were strongly supportive of President Roosevelt's handling of the war, combining the usual exhortations to ration and contribute to the war effort with frequent attacks on Congress[38] (especially the Republican Party),[39] parts of the press (such as the New York Daily News, Chicago Tribune, and Washington Times-Herald),[40] and others for criticism of Roosevelt, criticism of aid to the Soviet Union,[41][42] investigation of suspected Communists,[43] and other offences that he depicted as leading to disunity and helping the Nazis, intentionally or inadvertently.
In 1942, Geisel turned his energies to direct support of the U.S. war effort. First, he worked drawing posters for the Treasury Department and the War Production Board. Then, in 1943, he joined the Army as a Captain and was commander of the Animation Department of the First Motion Picture Unit of the United States Army Air Forces, where he wrote films that included Your Job in Germany, a 1945 propaganda film about peace in Europe after World War II; Our Job in Japan; and the Private Snafu series of adult army training films. While in the Army, he was awarded the Legion of Merit.[44] Our Job in Japan became the basis for the commercially released film Design for Death (1947), a study of Japanese culture that won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.[45] Gerald McBoing-Boing (1950) was based on an original story by Seuss and won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film.[46]
Later years
After the war, Geisel and his wife moved to La Jolla, California, where he returned to writing children's books. He wrote many, including such favorites as If I Ran the Zoo (1950), Horton Hears a Who! (1955), If I Ran the Circus (1956), The Cat in the Hat (1957), How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (1957), and Green Eggs and Ham (1960). He received numerous awards throughout his career, but he won neither the Caldecott Medal nor the Newbery Medal. Three of his titles from this period were, however, chosen as Caldecott runners-up (now referred to as Caldecott Honor books): McElligot's Pool (1947), Bartholomew and the Oobleck (1949), and If I Ran the Zoo (1950). Dr Seuss also wrote the musical and fantasy film The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T., which was released in 1953. The movie was a critical and financial failure, and Geisel never attempted another feature film. During the 1950s, he also published a number of illustrated short stories, mostly in Redbook Magazine. Some of these were later collected (in volumes such as The Sneetches and Other Stories) or reworked into independent books (If I Ran the Zoo). A number have never been reprinted since their original appearances.
In May 1954, Life magazine published a report on illiteracy among school children which concluded that children were not learning to read because their books were boring. William Ellsworth Spaulding was the director of the education division at Houghton Mifflin (he later became its chairman), and he compiled a list of 348 words that he felt were important for first-graders to recognize. He asked Geisel to cut the list to 250 words and to write a book using only those words.[47] Spaulding challenged Geisel to "bring back a book children can't put down".[48] Nine months later, Geisel completed The Cat in the Hat, using 236 of the words given to him. It retained the drawing style, verse rhythms, and all the imaginative power of Geisel's earlier works but, because of its simplified vocabulary, it could be read by beginning readers. The Cat in the Hat and subsequent books written for young children achieved significant international success and they remain very popular today. In 2009, Green Eggs and Ham sold 540,366 copies, The Cat in the Hat sold 452,258 copies, and One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish (1960) sold 409,068 copies—outselling the majority of newly published children's books.[49]
Geisel went on to write many other children's books, both in his new simplified-vocabulary manner (sold as Beginner Books) and in his older, more elaborate style.
In 1956, Dartmouth awarded Geisel with an honorary doctorate, finally justifying the "Dr." in his pen name.
On April 28, 1958, Geisel appeared on an episode of the panel game show To Tell the Truth.[50]
Geisel's wife Helen had a long struggle with illnesses, including cancer and emotional pain over Geisel's affair with Audrey Stone Dimond. On October 23, 1967, Helen committed suicide; Geisel married Dimond on June 21, 1968.[51] Though he devoted most of his life to writing children's books, Geisel had no children of his own, saying of children: "You have 'em; I'll entertain 'em."[51] Dimond added that Geisel "lived his whole life without children and he was very happy without children."[51]
Geisel received the Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal from the professional children's librarians in 1980, recognizing his "substantial and lasting contributions to children's literature". At the time, it was awarded every five years.[52] He won a special Pulitzer Prize in 1984 citing his "contribution over nearly half a century to the education and enjoyment of America's children and their parents".[53]
Illness, death, and posthumous honors
Geisel died of oral cancer on September 24, 1991 at his home in La Jolla at the age of 87.[54][55] He was cremated and his ashes were scattered. On December 1, 1995, four years after his death, University of California, San Diego's University Library Building was renamed Geisel Library in honor of Geisel and Audrey for the generous contributions that they made to the library and their devotion to improving literacy.[56]
While Geisel was living in La Jolla, the United States Postal Service and others frequently confused him with fellow La Jolla resident Dr. Hans Suess. Their names have been linked together posthumously: the personal papers of Hans Suess are housed in the Geisel Library.[57]
In 2002, the Dr. Seuss National Memorial Sculpture Garden opened in his birthplace of Springfield, Massachusetts, featuring sculptures of Geisel and of many of his characters. On May 28, 2008, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver announced that Geisel would be inducted into the California Hall of Fame located at The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts. The induction ceremony took place December 15 and Geisel's widow Audrey accepted the honor in his place. On March 2, 2009, the Web search engine Google temporarily changed its logo to commemorate Geisel's birthday (a practice that it often follows for various holidays and events).[58]
In 2004, U.S. children's librarians established the annual Theodor Seuss Geisel Award to recognize "the most distinguished American book for beginning readers published in English in the United States during the preceding year". It should "demonstrate creativity and imagination to engage children in reading" from pre-kindergarten to second grade.[59]
At Geisel's alma mater of Dartmouth, more than 90 percent of incoming first-year students participate in pre-registration Dartmouth Outing Club trips into the New Hampshire wilderness. It is traditional for students returning from the trips to stay overnight at Dartmouth's Moosilauke Ravine Lodge, where they are served green eggs and ham for breakfast in honor of Dr. Seuss. On April 4, 2012, the Dartmouth Medical School was renamed the Audrey and Theodor Geisel School of Medicine in honor of their many years of generosity to the college.[60]
Dr. Seuss's honors include two Academy Awards, two Emmy Awards, a Peabody Award, the Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal, and the Pulitzer Prize.
Dr. Seuss has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at the 6500 block of Hollywood Boulevard.[61]
Pen names and pronunciations
Geisel's most famous pen name is regularly pronounced /suːs/,[1] an anglicized pronunciation inconsistent with his German surname (the standard German pronunciation is [ˈzɔʏ̯s]). He himself noted that it rhymed with "voice" (his own pronunciation being /sɔɪs/). Alexander Laing, one of his collaborators on the Dartmouth Jack-O-Lantern,[62] wrote of it:
You're wrong as the deuce
And you shouldn't rejoice
If you're calling him Seuss.
He pronounces it Soice[63] (or Zoice)[64]
Geisel switched to the anglicized pronunciation because it "evoked a figure advantageous for an author of children's books to be associated with—Mother Goose"[48] and because most people used this pronunciation. He added the "Doctor (abbreviated Dr.)" to his pen name because his father had always wanted him to practice medicine.[65]
For books that Geisel wrote and others illustrated, he used the pen name "Theo LeSieg", starting with I Wish That I Had Duck Feet published in 1965. "LeSieg" is "Geisel" spelled backward.[66] Geisel also published one book under the name Rosetta Stone, 1975's Because a Little Bug Went Ka-Choo!!, a collaboration with Michael K. Frith. Frith and Geisel chose the name in honor of Geisel's second wife Audrey, whose maiden name was Stone.[67]
Political views
Main article: Political messages of Dr. Seuss
Geisel was a liberal Democrat and a supporter of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal. His early political cartoons show a passionate opposition to fascism, and he urged action against it both before and after the United States entered World War II. His cartoons portrayed the fear of communism as overstated, finding greater threats in the House Un-American Activities Committee and those who threatened to cut the United States' "life line"[42] to Stalin and the USSR, whom he once depicted as a porter carrying "our war load".[41]
Dr. Seuss 1942 cartoon with the caption 'Waiting for the Signal from Home'
Geisel supported the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II. His treatment of the Japanese and of Japanese Americans (between whom he often failed to differentiate) has struck many readers as a moral blind spot.[68] On the issue of the Japanese, he is quoted as saying:
But right now, when the Japs are planting their hatchets in our skulls, it seems like a hell of a time for us to smile and warble: "Brothers!" It is a rather flabby battle cry. If we want to win, we've got to kill Japs, whether it depresses John Haynes Holmes or not. We can get palsy-walsy afterward with those that are left.[69]
After the war, though, Geisel overcame his feelings of animosity, using his book Horton Hears a Who! (1954) as an allegory for the Hiroshima bombing and the American post-war occupation of Japan, as well as dedicating the book to a Japanese friend.[70]
In 1948, after living and working in Hollywood for years, Geisel moved to La Jolla, California, a predominantly Republican community.[71]
Geisel converted a copy of one of his famous children's books, Marvin K. Mooney Will You Please Go Now!, into a polemic shortly before the end of the 1972–1974 Watergate scandal, in which United States president Richard Nixon resigned, by replacing the name of the main character everywhere that it occurred.[72] "Richard M. Nixon, Will You Please Go Now!" was published in major newspapers through the column of his friend Art Buchwald.[72]
The line "a person's a person, no matter how small!!" from Horton Hears a Who! has been used widely as a slogan by the pro-life movement in the U.S., despite the objections of Geisel's widow. The line was first used in such a way in 1986; he demanded a retraction and received one.[73]
In his books
Geisel made a point of not beginning to write his stories with a moral in mind, stating that "kids can see a moral coming a mile off." He was not against writing about issues, however; he said that "there's an inherent moral in any story",[74] and he remarked that he was "subversive as hell."[75]
Many of Geisel's books express his views on a remarkable variety of social and political issues: The Lorax (1971), about environmentalism and anti-consumerism; "The Sneetches" (1961), about racial equality; The Butter Battle Book (1984), about the arms race; Yertle the Turtle (1958), about Adolf Hitler and anti-authoritarianism; How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (1957), criticizing the materialism and consumerism of the Christmas season; and Horton Hears a Who! (1954), about anti-isolationism and internationalism.[48][70]
Poetic meters
Geisel wrote most of his books in anapestic tetrameter, a poetic meter employed by many poets of the English literary canon. This is often suggested as one of the reasons that Geisel's writing was so well received.[76][77]
Anapestic tetrameter consists of four rhythmic units called anapests, each composed of two weak syllables followed by one strong syllable (the beat); often, the first weak syllable is omitted, or an additional weak syllable is added at the end. An example of this meter can be found in Geisel's "Yertle the Turtle", from Yertle the Turtle and Other Stories:
And today the Great Yertle, that Marvelous he
Is King of the Mud. That is all he can see.[78]
Some books by Geisel that are written mainly in anapestic tetrameter also contain many lines written in amphibrachic tetrameter, such as these from If I Ran the Circus:
All ready to put up the tents for my circus.
I think I will call it the Circus McGurkus.
And NOW comes an act of Enormous Enormance!
No former performer's performed this performance!
Geisel also wrote verse in trochaic tetrameter, an arrangement of a strong syllable followed by a weak syllable, with four units per line (for example, the title of One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish). Traditionally, English trochaic meter permits the final weak position in the line to be omitted, which allows both masculine and feminine rhymes.
Geisel generally maintained trochaic meter for only brief passages, and for longer stretches typically mixed it with iambic tetrameter, which consists of a weak syllable followed by a strong, and is generally considered easier to write. Thus, for example, the magicians in Bartholomew and the Oobleck make their first appearance chanting in trochees (thus resembling the witches of Shakespeare's Macbeth):
Shuffle, duffle, muzzle, muff
They then switch to iambs for the oobleck spell:
Go make the Oobleck tumble down
On every street, in every town![79]
Artwork
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Geisel at work on a drawing of the Grinch for How the Grinch Stole Christmas! in 1957
Geisel's early artwork often employed the shaded texture of pencil drawings or watercolors, but in his children's books of the postwar period, he generally made use of a starker medium—pen and ink—normally using just black, white, and one or two colors. His later books, such as The Lorax, used more colors.
Geisel's style was unique – his figures are often "rounded" and somewhat droopy. This is true, for instance, of the faces of The grinch and the Cat in the Hat. Almost all his buildings and machinery were devoid of straight lines when they were drawn, even when he was representing real objects. For example, If I Ran the Circus shows a droopy hoisting crane and a droopy steam calliope.
Geisel evidently enjoyed drawing architecturally elaborate objects. His endlessly varied but never rectilinear palaces, ramps, platforms, and free-standing stairways are among his most evocative creations. Geisel also drew complex imaginary machines, such as the Audio-Telly-O-Tally-O-Count, from Dr. Seuss's Sleep Book, or the "most peculiar machine" of Sylvester McMonkey McBean in The Sneetches. Geisel also liked drawing outlandish arrangements of feathers or fur: for example, the 500th hat of Bartholomew Cubbins, the tail of Gertrude McFuzz, and the pet for girls who like to brush and comb, in One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish.
Geisel's illustrations often convey motion vividly. He was fond of a sort of "voilà" gesture in which the hand flips outward and the fingers spread slightly backward with the thumb up. This motion is done by Ish in One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish when he creates fish (who perform the gesture with their fins), in the introduction of the various acts of If I Ran the Circus, and in the introduction of the "Little Cats" in The Cat in the Hat Comes Back. He was also fond of drawing hands with interlocked fingers, making it look as though his characters were twiddling their thumbs.
Geisel also follows the cartoon tradition of showing motion with lines, like in the sweeping lines that accompany Sneelock's final dive in If I Ran the Circus. Cartoon lines are also used to illustrate the action of the senses—sight, smell, and hearing—in The Big Brag, and lines even illustrate "thought", as in the moment when the Grinch conceives his awful plan to ruin Christmas.
Recurring images
Geisel's early work in advertising and editorial cartooning helped him to produce "sketches" of things that received more perfect realization later in his children's books. Often, the expressive use to which Geisel put an image later on was quite different from the original.[80] Here are some examples:
An editorial cartoon from July 16, 1941[81] depicts a whale resting on the top of a mountain as a parody of American isolationists, especially Charles Lindbergh. This was later rendered (with no apparent political content) as the Wumbus of On Beyond Zebra (1955). Seussian whales (cheerful and balloon-shaped, with long eyelashes) also occur in McElligot's Pool, If I Ran the Circus, and other books.
Another editorial cartoon from 1941[82] shows a long cow with many legs and udders representing the conquered nations of Europe being milked by Adolf Hitler. This later became the Umbus of On Beyond Zebra.
The tower of turtles in a 1942 editorial cartoon[83] prefigures a similar tower in Yertle the Turtle. This theme also appeared in a Judge cartoon as one letter of a hieroglyphic message, and in Geisel's short-lived comic strip Hejji. Geisel once stated that Yertle the Turtle was Adolf Hitler.[84]
Little cats A, B, and C (as well as the rest of the alphabet) who spring from each other's hats appeared in a Ford Motor Company ⋅ ad.
The connected beards in Did I Ever Tell You How Lucky You Are? appear frequently in Geisel's work, most notably in Hejji, which featured two goats joined at the beard, The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T., which featured two roller-skating guards joined at the beard, and a political cartoon in which Nazism and the America First movement are portrayed as "the men with the Siamese Beard".
Geisel's earliest elephants were for advertising and had somewhat wrinkly ears, much as real elephants do.[85] With And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street! (1937) and Horton Hatches the Egg (1940), the ears became more stylized, somewhat like angel wings and thus appropriate to the saintly Horton. During World War II, the elephant image appeared as an emblem for India in four editorial cartoons.[86] Horton and similar elephants appear frequently in the postwar children's books.
While drawing advertisements for FLIT, Geisel became adept at drawing insects with huge stingers,[87] shaped like a gentle S-curve and with a sharp end that included a rearward-pointing barb on its lower side. Their facial expressions depict gleeful malevolence. These insects were later rendered in an editorial cartoon as a swarm of Allied aircraft[88] (1942), and again as the Sneedle of On Beyond Zebra, and yet again as the Skritz in I Had Trouble in Getting to Solla Sollew.
There are many examples of creatures who arrange themselves in repeating patterns, such as the "Two and fro walkers, who march in five layers", and the Through-Horns Jumping Deer in If I Ran the Circus, and the arrangement of birds which the protagonist of Oh, the Places You'll Go! walks through, as the narrator admonishes him to "... always be dexterous and deft, and never mix up your right foot with your left."
Publications
Further information: Dr. Seuss bibliography
Geisel wrote more than 60 books over the course of his long career. Most were published under his well-known pseudonym Dr. Seuss, though he also authored more than a dozen books as Theo LeSieg and one as Rosetta Stone. His books have topped many bestseller lists, sold over 600 million copies, and been translated into more than 20 languages.[3] In 2000, Publishers Weekly compiled a list of the best-selling children's books of all time; of the top 100 hardcover books, 16 were written by Geisel, including Green Eggs and Ham, at number 4, The Cat in the Hat, at number 9, and One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish, at number 13.[89] In the years after his death in 1991, two additional books were published based on his sketches and notes: Hooray for Diffendoofer Day! and Daisy-Head Mayzie. My Many Colored Days was originally written in 1973 but was posthumously published in 1996. In September 2011, seven stories originally published in magazines during the 1950s were released in a collection titled The Bippolo Seed and Other Lost Stories.[90]
Geisel also wrote a pair of books for adults: The Seven Lady Godivas (1939; reprinted 1987), a retelling of the Lady Godiva legend that included nude depictions; and You're Only Old Once! (written in 1986 when Geisel was 82), which chronicles an old man's journey through a clinic. His last book was Oh, the Places You'll Go!, which published the year before his death and became a popular gift for graduating students.[91]
Films based on his books
Year
Film
Format
Director
Writer
Distributor
Length
Budget
Rotten Tomatoes rating
1942 Horton Hatches the Egg traditionally animated Bob Clampett Michael Maltese Warner Bros. Pictures 10 min. – –
1966 How the Grinch Stole Christmas! Chuck Jones Dr. Seuss, Irv Spector, and Bob Ogle MGM 26 min. $315,000 100% "fresh"
1970 Horton Hears a Who! Dr. Seuss – –
1971 The Cat in the Hat Hawley Pratt CBS 25 min.
1972 The Lorax
1989 The Butter Battle Book Ralph Bakshi Turner 24 min.
2000 How the Grinch Stole Christmas live-action Ron Howard Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman Universal Pictures 104 min. $123 million 53% "rotten"
2003 The Cat in the Hat Bo Welch Alec Berg, David Mandel, and Jeff Schaffer Universal Pictures and DreamWorks Pictures 82 min. $109 million 10% "rotten"
2008 Horton Hears a Who! computer-animated Jimmy Hayward and Steve Martino Ken Daurio and Cinco Paul 20th Century Fox 86 min. $85 million 79% "fresh"
2012 The Lorax Chris Renaud and Kyle Balda Universal Pictures $70 million 53% "rotten"
2018 The Grinch Peter Candeland and Yarrow Cheney Michael LeSieur – – –
TBA The Cat in the Hat – – Warner Bros. Pictures – – –
Adaptations
Seuss Landing at Islands of Adventure in Orlando, Florida
For most of his career, Geisel was reluctant to have his characters marketed in contexts outside of his own books. However, he did permit the creation of several animated cartoons, an art form in which he had gained experience during World War II, and he gradually relaxed his policy as he aged.
The first adaptation of one of Geisel's works was a cartoon version of Horton Hatches the Egg, animated at Warner Bros. in 1942 and directed by Bob Clampett. It was presented as part of the Merrie Melodies series and included a number of gags not present in the original narrative, including a fish committing suicide and a Katharine Hepburn imitation by Mayzie.
As part of the Puppetoon theatrical cartoon series for Paramount Pictures, two of Geisel's works were adapted into stop-motion films by George Pal. The first, "The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins", was released in 1943[92] and nominated for an Academy Award for "Short Subject (Cartoon)" the following year.[93] The second, "And to Think I Saw It on Mulberry Street", with a title slightly altered from the book's, was released in 1944.[94]
In 1959, Geisel authorized Revell, the well-known plastic model-making company, to make a series of "animals" that snapped together rather than being glued together, and could be assembled, disassembled, and re-assembled "in thousands" of ways. The series was called the "Dr. Seuss Zoo" and included Gowdy the Dowdy Grackle, Norval the Bashful Blinket, Tingo the Noodle Topped Stroodle, and Roscoe the Many Footed Lion. The basic body parts were the same and all were interchangeable, and so it was possible for children to combine parts from various characters in essentially unlimited ways in creating their own animal characters (Revell encouraged this by selling Gowdy, Norval, and Tingo together in a "Gift Set" as well as individually). Revell also made a conventional glue-together "beginner's kit" of The Cat in the Hat.
In 1966, Geisel authorized eminent cartoon artist Chuck Jones – his friend and former colleague from the war – to make a cartoon version of How the Grinch Stole Christmas! Geisel was credited as a co-producer under his real name Ted Geisel, along with Jones. The cartoon was narrated by Boris Karloff, who also provided the voice of the Grinch. It was very faithful to the original book, and is considered a classic to this day by many. It is often broadcast as an annual Christmas television special. Jones directed an adaptation of Horton Hears a Who! in 1970 and produced an adaptation of The Cat in the Hat in 1971.
From 1972 to 1983, Geisel wrote six animated specials that were produced by DePatie-Freleng: The Lorax (1972); Dr. Seuss on the Loose (1973); The Hoober-Bloob Highway (1975); Halloween Is Grinch Night (1977); Pontoffel Pock, Where Are You? (1980); and The Grinch Grinches the Cat in the Hat (1982). Several of the specials won multiple Emmy Awards.
A Soviet paint-on-glass-animated short film was made in 1986 called Welcome, an adaptation of Thidwick the Big-Hearted Moose. The last adaptation of Geisel's work before he died was The Butter Battle Book, a television special based on the book of the same name, directed by adult animation legend Ralph Bakshi.
A television film titled In Search of Dr. Seuss was released in 1994, which adapted many of Seuss's stories. It uses both live-action versions and animated versions of the characters and stories featured; however, the animated portions were merely edited versions of previous animated television specials and, in some cases, re-dubbed as well.
After Geisel died of cancer at the age of 87 in 1991, his widow Audrey Geisel was placed in charge of all licensing matters. She approved a live-action feature-film version of How the Grinch Stole Christmas starring Jim Carrey, as well as a Seuss-themed Broadway musical called Seussical, and both premiered in 2000. The Grinch has had limited engagement runs on Broadway during the Christmas season, after premiering in 1998 (under the title How the Grinch Stole Christmas) at the Old Globe Theatre in San Diego, where it has become a Christmas tradition. In 2003, another live-action film was released, this time an adaptation of The Cat in the Hat that featured Mike Myers as the title character. Audrey Geisel has spoken critically of the film, especially the casting of Myers as the Cat in the Hat, and stated that she would not allow any further live-action adaptations of Geisel's books.[95] However, a first animated CGI feature film adaptation of Horton Hears a Who! was approved, and was eventually released on March 14, 2008, to critical acclaim. A second CGI-animated feature film adaptation of The Lorax was released by Universal on March 2, 2012 (on what would have been Seuss's 108th birthday). A third CGI-animated feature film adaptation of The Grinch will be released by Universal on November 9, 2018.
Four television series have been adapted from Geisel's work. The first, Gerald McBoing-Boing, was an animated television adaptation of Geisel's 1951 cartoon of the same name and lasted three months between 1956 and 1957. The second, The Wubbulous World of Dr. Seuss, was a mix of live-action and puppetry by Jim Henson Television, the producers of The Muppets. It aired for one season on Nickelodeon in the United States, from 1996 to 1997. The third, Gerald McBoing-Boing, is a remake of the 1956 series.[96] Produced in Canada by Cookie Jar Entertainment (now DHX Media) and North America by Classic Media (now DreamWorks Classics), it ran from 2005 to 2007. The fourth, The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!, produced by Portfolio Entertainment Inc., began on August 7, 2010, in Canada and September 6, 2010, in the United States and is currently still showing.[when?]
Geisel's books and characters are also featured in Seuss Landing, one of many islands at the Islands of Adventure theme park in Orlando, Florida. In an attempt to match Geisel's visual style, there are reportedly "no straight lines" in Seuss Landing.[97]
The Hollywood Reporter has reported that Warner Animation Group and Dr. Seuss Enterprises have struck a deal to make new animated movies based on the stories of Dr. Seuss. Their first project will be a fully animated version of The Cat in the Hat.[98]
See also
Biography portal
Children's literature portal
Visual arts portal
"The Sidewinder Sleeps Tonite" – a 1992 R.E.M. song referencing a reading from Seuss.
References
^ Jump up to: a b c "Seuss". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
Jump up ^ "About the Author, Dr. Seuss, Seussville". Timeline. Retrieved February 15, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Bernstein, Peter W. (1992). "Unforgettable Dr. Seuss". Unforgettable. Reader's Digest Australia: 192. ISSN 0034-0375.
Jump up ^ "Theodor Seuss Geisel" (2015). Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c Mandeville Special Collections Library. "The Dr. Seuss Collection". UC San Diego. Archived from the original on April 20, 2012. Retrieved April 10, 2012.
Jump up ^ Seuss, Geisel (2005). "Dr. Seuss Biography". In Taylor, Constance. Theodor Seuss Geisel The Early Works of Dr. Seuss. 1. Miamisburg, OH: Checker Book Publishing Group. p. 6. ISBN 1-933160-01-2
Jump up ^ Reitwiesner, William Addams. "Ancestry of Theodor Geisel". Wargs.com. Retrieved April 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ Municipal register of the city of Springfield – Springfield (Mass.) – Google Books. Books.google.com. 1912. Retrieved 2013-12-29.
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Jump up ^ Deal, Joshua. "Filmcans and Vinyl: The life of Dr. Seuss". SunGazette.com. Retrieved September 19, 2012.
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Jump up ^ Minear (1999), p. 9.
Jump up ^ Nell, Phillip (March–April 2009). "Impertient Questions". Humanities. National Endowment for the Humanities. Retrieved June 20, 2009.
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Jump up ^ Fensch, Thomas (2001). The Man Who Was Dr. Seuss. Woodlands: New Century Books. p. 38. ISBN 0-930751-11-6.
^ Jump up to: a b Pace, Eric (September 26, 1991). "Dr. Seuss, Modern Mother Goose, Dies at 87". The New York Times. New York City: NYTC. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 10, 2011.
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Jump up ^ Morgan (1995), pp. 59–62
Jump up ^ Cohen (2004), p. 86
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Jump up ^ Richard H. Minear, Dr. Seuss Goes to War: The World War II Editorial Cartoons of Theodor Seuss Geisel p. 16. ISBN 1-56584-704-0
Jump up ^ Minear, Richard H. (1999). Dr. Seuss Goes to War: The World War II Editorial Cartoons of Theodor Seuss Geisell. New York City: The New Press. p. 9. ISBN 1-56584-565-X.
Jump up ^ Dr. Seuss (w, a). "Waiting for the Signal from Home" PM (February 13, 1942)
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Jump up ^ Mandeville Special Collections Library. "Republican Party". Dr. Seuss Went to War: A Catalog of Political Cartoons by Dr. Seuss. UC San Diego. Retrieved April 10, 2012.
Jump up ^ Minear (1999), p. 191.
^ Jump up to: a b Mandeville Special Collections Library. "February 19". Dr. Seuss Went to War: A Catalog of Political Cartoons by Dr. Seuss. UC San Diego. Retrieved April 10, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Mandeville Special Collections Library. "March 11". Dr. Seuss Went to War: A Catalog of Political Cartoons by Dr. Seuss. UC San Diego. Retrieved April 10, 2012.
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Jump up ^ Morgan (1995), p. 116
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Jump up ^ Ellin, Abby (October 2, 2005). "The Return of Gerlad McBoing Boing?". The New York Times. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
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^ Jump up to: a b c Menand, Louis (December 23, 2002). "Cat People: What Dr. Seuss Really Taught Us". The New Yorker. Condé Nast Publications. Retrieved September 16, 2008.
Jump up ^ Roback, Diane (March 22, 2010). "The Reign Continues". Publishes Weekly. Retrieved April 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ "To Tell the Truth Primetime Episode Guide 1956–67". "To Tell the Truth" on the Web. Retrieved June 16, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c Wadler, Joyce (November 29, 2000). "Public Lives: Mrs. Seuss Hears a Who, and Tells About It". The New York Times. Retrieved May 28, 2008.
Jump up ^ Laura Ingalls Wilder Award, Past winners. Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC) – American Library Association (ALA). About the Laura Ingalls Wilder Award. ALSC – ALA. Retrieved June 17, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Special Awards and Citations". The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved December 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ Pace, Eric (September 26, 1991). "Dr. Seuss, Modern Mother Goose, Dies at 87". The New York Times. Retrieved March 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Tom; Miles Corwin (September 26, 1991). "Theodor Geisel Dies at 87; Wrote 47 Dr. Seuss Books, Author: His last new work, 'Oh, the Places You'll Go!' has proved popular with executives as well as children". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ "About the Geisel Library Building". UC San Diego. Archived from the original on January 2, 2014. Retrieved April 10, 2012.
Jump up ^ Mandeville Special Collections Library. "Register of Hans Suess Papers 1875 – 1989". UC San Diego. Archived from the original on July 2, 2015. Retrieved April 10, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Google Holiday Logos". Google. 2009. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Welcome to the (Theodor Seuss) Geisel Award home page!". ALSC. ALA.
"Theodor Seuss Geisel Award". ALSC. ALA. Retrieved June 17, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Dartmouth Names Medical School in Honor of Audrey and Theodor Geisel". Geisel School of Medicine. April 4, 2012. Retrieved April 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ Corwin, Miles; Gorman, Tom (September 26, 1991). "Dr. Seuss – Hollywood Star Walk". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ "And to Think That It Happened at Dartmouth". now.dartmouth.edu. Archived from the original on April 12, 2016. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kaplan, Melissa (December 18, 2009). "Theodor Seuss Geisel: Author Study". anapsid.org. Retrieved December 2, 2011. (Source in PDF.)
Jump up ^ "About the Author, Dr. Seuss, Seussville". Biography. Retrieved February 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ "15 Things You Probably Didn't Know About Dr. Seuss". Thefw.com. Retrieved 2013-12-16.
Jump up ^ Morgan (1995), p. 219
Jump up ^ Morgan (1995), p. 218
Jump up ^ The Political Dr. Seuss Springfield Library and Museums Association
Jump up ^ Minear (1999), p. 184.
^ Jump up to: a b Wood, Hayley and Ron Lamothe (interview) (August 2004). "Interview with filmmaker Ron Lamothe about The Political Dr. Seuss". MassHumanities eNews. Massachusetts Foundation for the Humanities. Archived from the original on September 16, 2007. Retrieved September 16, 2008.
Jump up ^ Lamothe, Ron (October 27, 2004). "PBS Independent Lens: The Political Dr. Seuss". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 10, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Buchwald, Art (July 30, 1974). "Richard M. Nixon Will You Please Go Now!". The Washington Post. Katharine Weymouth. p. B01. Retrieved September 17, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Dr Seuss: Rhymes and Reasons (2003 documentary) Part 9 of 9". YouTube. September 24, 2008. Retrieved April 9, 2012. Masters, Kim (March 14, 2008). "In 'Horton' Movie, Abortion Foes Hear an Ally". NPR. Retrieved April 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bunzel, Peter (April 6, 1959). "The Wacky World of Dr. Seuss Delights the Child—and Adult—Readers of His Books". Life. Chicago: Time Inc. ISSN 0024-3019. OCLC 1643958. Most of Geisel's books point a moral, though he insists that he never starts with one. 'Kids,' he says, 'can see a moral coming a mile off and they gag at it. But there's an inherent moral in any story.'
Jump up ^ Cott, Jonathan (1984). "The Good Dr. Seuss". Pipers at the Gates of Dawn: The Wisdom of Children's Literature (Reprint ed.). New York City: Random House. ISBN 978-0-394-50464-3. OCLC 8728388.
Jump up ^ Mensch, Betty; Freeman, Alan (1987). "Getting to Solla Sollew: The Existentialist Politics of Dr. Seuss". Tikkun: 30. In opposition to the conventional—indeed, hegemonic—iambic voice, his metric triplets offer the power of a more primal chant that quickly draws the reader in with relentless repetition.
Jump up ^ Fensch, Thomas, ed. (1997). Of Sneetches and Whos and the Good Dr. Seuss. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. ISBN 0-7864-0388-8. OCLC 37418407.
Jump up ^ Dr. Seuss (1958). Yertle the Turtle and Other Stories. Random House. OCLC 18181636.
Jump up ^ Dr. Seuss (1949). Bartholomew and the Oobleck. Random House. OCLC 391115.
Jump up ^ "Mandeville Special Collections Library, UC San Diego". UC San Diego. Retrieved April 10, 2012.
Jump up ^ Dr. Seuss (w, a). "The Isolationist" PM (July 16, 1941)
Jump up ^ Dr. Seuss (w, a). "The head eats.. the rest gets milked" PM (May 19, 1941)
Jump up ^ Dr. Seuss (w, a). "You can't build a substantial V out of turtles!" PM (March 21, 1942)
Jump up ^ Roberts, Chuck (October 17, 1999). "Serious Seuss: Children's author as political cartoonist". CNN. Retrieved April 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ Geisel, Theodor. "You can't kill an elephant with a pop gun!". L.P.C.Co. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Geisel, Theodor. "India List".
Jump up ^ Geisel, Theordor. "Flit kills!". [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Theodor Geisel (w, a). "Try and pull the wings off these butterflies, Benito!" PM (November 11, 1942)
Jump up ^ Turvey, Debbie Hochman (December 17, 2001). "All-Time Bestselling Children's Books". Publishers Weekly. Archived from the original on March 24, 2011. Retrieved March 23, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Random Uncovers 'New' Seuss Stories". Publishers Weekly. Retrieved June 27, 2013.
Jump up ^ Blais, Jacqueline; Memmott, Carol; Minzesheimer, Bob (May 16, 2007). "Book buzz: Dave Barry really rocks". USA Today. Retrieved January 17, 2012.
Jump up ^ "The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins". IMDB. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The 16th Academy Awards (1944)". Archived from the original on July 15, 2015. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Big Cartoon Database". Retrieved March 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Associated Press (February 26, 2004). Seussentenial: 100 years of Dr. Seuss. MSNBC. Retrieved on April 6, 2008.
Jump up ^ Ellin, Abby (October 2, 2005). "The Return of ... Gerald McBoing Boing?". nytimes.com. The New York Times. Retrieved April 7, 2008.
Jump up ^ Universal Orlando.com. The Cat in the Hat ride. Retrieved on April 6, 2008.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys; Fernandez, Jay A. (January 24, 2018). "New 'Cat in the Hat' Movie in the Works From Warner Bros". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media, LLC.
Further reading
Cohen, Charles (2004). The Seuss, the Whole Seuss and Nothing But the Seuss: A Visual Biography of Theodor Seuss Geisel. Random House Books for Young Readers. ISBN 0-375-82248-8. OCLC 53075980.
Fensch, Thomas (ed.) (1997). Of Sneetches and Whos and the Good Dr. Seuss: Essays on the Writings and Life of Theodor Geisel. McFarland & Company. ISBN 0-7864-0388-8. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Geisel, Audrey (1995). The Secret Art of Dr. Seuss. Random House. ISBN 0-679-43448-8.
Geisel, Theodor (1987). Dr. Seuss from Then to Now: A Catalogue of the Retrospective Exhibition. Random House. ISBN 0-394-89268-2.
Geisel, Theodor (2001). Minnear, Richard, ed. Dr. Seuss Goes to War: The World War II Editorial Cartoons of Theodor Seuss Geisel. New Press. ISBN 1-56584-704-0.
Geisel, Theodor (2004). The Beginnings of Dr. Seuss: An Informal Reminiscence. Dartmouth College.
Geisel, Theodor (2005). Theodor Seuss Geisel: The Early Works, Volume 1. Checker Book Publishing. ISBN 1-933160-01-2.
Geisel, Theodor (1987). Minnear, Richard, ed. The Tough Coughs as He Ploughs the Dough: Early Writings and Cartoons by Dr. Seuss. New York: Morrow/Remco Worldservice Books. ISBN 0-688-06548-1.
Lamothe, Ron (2004). The Political Dr. Seuss (DVD). Terra Incognita Films. Documentary aired on the Public Television System.
Lathem, Edward Connery (2000). Who's Who and What's What in the Books of Dr. Seuss. Dartmouth College.
MacDonald, Ruth K. (1988). Dr. Seuss. Twayne Publishers. ISBN 0-8057-7524-2.
Morgan, Judith; Morgan, Neil (1995). Dr. Seuss & Mr. Geisel. Random House. ISBN 0-679-41686-2.
Nel, Philip (2007). The Annotated Cat: Under the Hats of Seuss and His Cats. Random House. ISBN 978-0-375-83369-4.
Nel, Philip (2004). Dr. Seuss: American Icon. Continuum Publishing. ISBN 0-8264-1434-6.
Pease, Donald E. (2010). Theodor Seuss Geisel. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-532302-3.
Weidt, Maryann; Maguire, Kerry (1994). Oh, the Places He Went. Carolrhoda Books. ISBN 0-87614-627-2.
External links
Find more aboutDr. Seussat Wikipedia's sister projects
Media from Wikimedia Commons
News from Wikinews
Quotations from Wikiquote
Texts from Wikisource
Textbooks from Wikibooks
Learning resources from Wikiversity
Seussville site Random House
Dr. Seuss at the Internet Broadway Database
Dr. Seuss at Internet Off-Broadway Database
Dr. Seuss biography on Lambiek Comiclopedia
Dr. Seuss Went to War: A Catalog of Political Cartoons by Dr. Seuss
The Advertising Artwork of Dr. Seuss
The Register of Dr. Seuss Collection UC San Diego
Hotchkiss, Eugene III (Spring 2004). "Dr. Seuss Keeps Me Guessing: A Commencement story by President Emeritus Eugene Hotchkiss III". lakeforest.edu. Archived from the original on August 14, 2004. Retrieved November 10, 2011.
Dr. Seuss / Theodor Geisel artwork can be viewed at American Art Archives web site
Dr. Seuss on IMDb
The Dr. Seuss That Switched His Voice – poem by Joe Dolce, first published in Quadrant magazine.
Register of the Dr. Seuss Collection, UC San Diego
Dr. Seuss at Library of Congress Authorities, with 190 catalog records
Theodor Seuss Geisel (real name), Theo. LeSieg (pseud.), and Rosetta Stone (joint pseud.) at LC Authorities with 30, 9, and 1 records
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v
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Dr. Seuss
Characters
The Cat in the Hat
The Grinch
Horton the Elephant
Bartholomew Cubbins
Bibliography
And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street
The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins
The King's Stilts
The Seven Lady Godivas
Horton Hatches the Egg
McElligot's Pool
Thidwick the Big-Hearted Moose
Bartholomew and the Oobleck
If I Ran the Zoo
Scrambled Eggs Super!
Horton Hears a Who!
On Beyond Zebra!
If I Ran the Circus
How the Grinch Stole Christmas!
The Cat in the Hat
The Cat in the Hat Comes Back
Yertle the Turtle and Other Stories
Happy Birthday to You!
Green Eggs and Ham
One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish
The Sneetches and Other Stories
Dr. Seuss's Sleep Book
Dr. Seuss's ABC
Hop on Pop
Fox in Socks
I Had Trouble in Getting to Solla Sollew
I Wish That I Had Duck Feet 1
Come over to My House 1
The Foot Book
I Can Lick 30 Tigers Today! and Other Stories
My Book about ME
Mr. Brown Can Moo! Can You?: Dr. Seuss's Book of Wonderful Noises!
The Lorax
Marvin K. Mooney Will You Please Go Now!
Did I Ever Tell You How Lucky You Are?
The Shape of Me and Other Stuff
There's a Wocket in My Pocket
Great Day for Up!
Wacky Wednesday 1
Oh, the Thinks You Can Think!
The Cat's Quizzer
I Can Read with My Eyes Shut!
Oh Say Can You Say?
Hunches in Bunches
The Butter Battle Book
You're Only Old Once!
I Am Not Going to Get Up Today!
Oh, the Places You'll Go!
Daisy-Head Mayzie 2
My Many Colored Days 2
Hooray for Diffendoofer Day! 2
The Bippolo Seed and Other Lost Stories 2
Horton and the Kwuggerbug and More Lost Stories 2
What Pet Should I Get? 2
Adaptations
Television
The Gerald McBoing-Boing Show (1956–57)
Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (1966)
Horton Hears a Who! (1970)
The Cat in the Hat (1971)
The Lorax (1972)
Dr. Seuss on the Loose (1973)
The Hoober-Bloob Highway (1975)
Halloween Is Grinch Night (1977)
Pontoffel Pock, Where Are You? (1980)
The Grinch Grinches the Cat in the Hat (1982)
The Butter Battle Book (1989)
In Search of Dr. Seuss (1994)
Daisy-Head Mayzie (1995)
The Wubbulous World of Dr. Seuss (1996–98) (episodes)
Gerald McBoing-Boing (2005–07)
The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That! (2010–present) (episodes)
Green Eggs and Ham (2018)
Film
Horton Hatches the Egg (short; 1942)
Gerald McBoing-Boing (short; 1950)
How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000)
The Cat in the Hat (2003)
Horton Hears a Who! (2008)
The Lorax (2012)
The Grinch (2018)
The Cat in the Hat (TBA)
Other media
Welcome (Russian short film)
Seussical (musical)
Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! The Musical
The Grinch (video game)
Dr. Seuss: How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (video game)
"You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch" (song)
The Lorax (play)
Other works
Private Snafu
The Pocket Book of Boners
Your Job in Germany
Our Job in Japan
Design for Death
The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T.
Hejji
Society of Red Tape Cutters
Flit
Related
A Fish out of Water
Amazing World of Dr. Seuss Museum
Beginner Books
Dr. Seuss Goes to War
The Secret Art of Dr. Seuss
Dr. Seuss National Memorial
Geisel Award
Geisel Library
Geisel School of Medicine
Helen Palmer
PM
Political messages of Dr. Seuss
Read Across America
Seuss Landing
1 as "Theo. LeSieg". 2 Posthumous.
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v
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Dr. Seuss' The Cat in the Hat (1957)
Live-action film
The Cat in the Hat (2003)
Television
The Cat in the Hat (1971)
Dr. Seuss on the Loose (1973)
The Grinch Grinches the Cat in the Hat (1982)
The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That! (2010–present)
episodes
Books
The Cat in the Hat
The Cat in the Hat Comes Back
The Cat's Quizzer
I Can Read with My Eyes Shut!
Daisy-Head Mayzie
Stage
Seussical
Related
Dr. Seuss Memorial
I Can Lick 30 Tigers Today! and Other Stories
In Search of Dr. Seuss (1994)
[show]
v
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Dr. Seuss's How the Grinch Stole Christmas!
Characters
Grinch
Book
How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (1957)
Music
"You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch" (1966)
Adaptations
Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (1966, TV special)
Halloween Is Grinch Night (1977, TV special)
The Grinch Grinches the Cat in the Hat (1982, TV special)
Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! The Musical (1994)
Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000 live action film)
Dr. Seuss' The Grinch (2018 animated film)
Related
Dr. Seuss Memorial
[show]
v
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Pulitzer Prize Special Citations and Awards (Letters)
Love Songs by Sara Teasdale (1918)
Corn Huskers by Carl Sandburg (1919)
Old Road to Paradise by Margaret Widdemer (1919)
Kenneth Roberts (1957)
Garrett Mattingly for The Armada (1960)
American Heritage Picture History of the Civil War (1961)
James Thomas Flexner for George Washington, Vols. I-IV (1973)
Alex Haley for Roots (1977)
E. B. White (1978)
Theodor Seuss Geisel (1984)
Art Spiegelman for Maus (1992)
Edmund Morgan (2006)
Ray Bradbury (2007)
Complete list
(Journalism)
(Letters)
(Arts)
(Service)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 7408695
LCCN: n91084846
ISNI: 0000 0001 2119 3188
GND: 107380153
SELIBR: 184009
SUDOC: 030083303
BNF: cb12044517b (data)
ULAN: 500116672
MusicBrainz: e7a94b95-e339-48eb-83c3-7ba856969bbe
NLA: 35710419
NDL: 00440695
NKC: jx20120913001
BNE: XX846595
SNAC: w6vd6zsw
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dr._Seuss&oldid=837193057"
Categories:
Dr. Seuss
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Costume party
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Halloween party" redirects here. For other uses, see Halloween party (disambiguation).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Guests in costume at a fancy dress party.
Part of a series on
Costume
Background[show]
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Use of costume in Athenian tragedy
Wardrobe supervisor
Society and culture[show]
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Masque
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World Costume Festival
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Costume design
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Elements and methods[show]
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Fatsuit
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Zentai
Traditional[show]
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Costumed character
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v
t
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A costume party (American English) or a fancy dress party (British English) is a type of party, common mainly in contemporary Western culture, where guests dress up in costumes. Costumed Halloween parties are popular in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.
Contents
[hide]
1 By country
1.1 Australia
1.2 Iraq
1.3 United Kingdom
1.3.1 Nineteenth century
1.3.2 Twentieth century
1.4 United States
1.4.1 Nineteenth century
1.4.2 Twentieth century
2 Fan costuming
2.1 Conventions
2.2 Cosplay
3 Events and themes
4 See also
5 References
By country[edit]
Australia[edit]
Australian fancy dress parties typically follows the style of the United States, and Halloween costume parties have been common since the early 1990s, even though Halloween has not historically been a celebrated event in Australia. Typical events for Australians that involve dressing up are the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras, the staff Christmas party and cricket matches.
One of the oldest examples of fancy dress being worn in Australia is on display at the Western Australia Museum. It was a child's fancy dress costume worn by Miss Rita Lloyd, aged nine, to the ‘Lord Mayor’s Juvenile Fancy Dress Ball’ at Mansion House in Perth on 8 January 1909.
Iraq[edit]
It is a tradition to have a costume party at a university graduation.[1]
United Kingdom[edit]
Nineteenth century[edit]
Manchester fancy dress ball of 1828, painting by Arthur Perigal
The origins of fancy dress parties in the United Kingdom can in some respects be traced to masked balls of the 18th century period. In the period to 1850, fancy dress balls were a typical part of the social life of music festivals.[2]
Common costumes of the period were specific historical characters, generic historical or regional clothing, abstract concepts (such as "winter", "starlight" or "night"), and objects (such as "champagne bottle" or "aquarium"). Popular characters included, for women, Marie Antoinette and Elizabeth I, and for men, Napoleon and Robin Hood.[3]
Twentieth century[edit]
Notable amongst early events in the 20th century was the Chelsea Arts Club ball. Such events were often elaborate affairs and for the most part confined to those with considerable means.[citation needed]
Amongst the general population, costume parties also occurred with increasing frequency from the late 1940s onward, although for the most part the costumes were simple affairs until the mid-1970s. Prior to 'cheap' costume imports from the Far East /East Asia (late 1990s),[citation needed] most costumes were either hired, or home constructed. Retail purchased costumes are, in respect of the U.K., a largely modern phenomenon (late 1990s onward) although 'accessory' items had been available for some time.[citation needed] Since the increased import rate in late 1990's onwards saw the many materials / products being imported from the Far East (with cost savings in labour and bulk orders). This has seen the price of purchased costumes becoming more and more affordable.
Coupled with the modern trend in costume parties, 'retro' fashion as a costume theme (such as a 1970s or 1980s fancy dress) is also popular, the costumes to some extent parodying or pastiching the fashions of earlier decades. Amongst the most popular parodied costumes are: Audrey Hepburn (as Holly Golightly), Madonna in her classic stage outfits, and more recently Lady Gaga.
Fancy dress parties are popular year round in the United Kingdom. The 1996 novel Bridget Jones's Diary features the classic British costume party theme "Tarts and Vicars" at which the women wear sexually provocative ("tart") costumes, while the men dress as Anglican priests ("vicars"). Fancy dress parties have been held by the British Royal Family. Prince William, heir to the British Throne, celebrated his 21st birthday with an "Out of Africa" theme, Princess Beatrice of York chose an 1888 themed party for her 18th birthday, and Lord Frederick ("Freddie") Windsor and his sister Lady Gabriella Windsor, minor royalty celebrated a joint birthday party with a pre-French Revolution courtly theme.[4]
United States[edit]
Contestants line up for a "best costume" competition at a Halloween party in the United States.
Nineteenth century[edit]
In late nineteenth century New York, costume parties were popular amongst the affluent. Costumes were typically historical European aristocracy. Authenticity was important, even extending to using actual period elements. For example, Cornelia Bradley-Martin attended her own party, the notorious Bradley-Martin Ball, dressed as Marie Antoinette, wearing jewellery actually owned and worn by Antoinette herself. The choice of aristocratic costume allowed rich Americans, with relatively limited family history, to assume some element of history and legitimacy.[5]
Twentieth century[edit]
Costume parties are especially popular in the United States around Halloween, when teenagers and adults who may be considered too old for trick-or-treating attend a costume party instead. Costume parties are also popular during the carnival season, such as at Mardi Gras.
Attendees occasionally dress in costume for popular science fiction and fantasy events, movie openings and book releases. Web site theonering.net held a The Lord of the Rings dress Oscar party that was attended by Peter Jackson. Star Wars parties were held to celebrate the opening of Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace. Many bookstores have held Harry Potter themed parties to celebrate the releases of the series' later novels, and some movie theaters have had Potter-themed celebrations as the movie adaptations have been released.
Larger scale 'parties' are often related to organised societies or conventions.[6]
Fan costuming[edit]
The hobby of fan costuming and modern cosplay largely developed from the World Science Fiction Conventions (Worldcons), starting with the first in New York in 1939 when two attendees, Forrest J Ackerman and Myrtle R. Douglas, wore "futuristicostumes".[7] From the 2nd World Science Fiction Convention (1940) in Chicago, masquerade balls were a traditional feature of the convention.[7]
Conventions[edit]
Fan conventions, often abbreviated to "cons", of various descriptions have followed the example of the Worldcons with many attendees wearing costumes representing fictional characters. Some conventions feature costume competitions and other scheduled costuming events. Several well-known conventions that feature costuming include the San Diego Comic-Con International, New York Comic-Con, and Atlanta's Dragon Con.
Cosplay[edit]
Cosplay (a blend of "costume" and "play" via the Japanese kosupure (コスプレ)) was coined by Nobuyuki Takahashi in reporting on the 42nd World Science Fiction Convention for Japanese magazine My Anime.[8][9] It is a performance art in which participants called cosplayers wear costumes and fashion accessories to represent a specific character. Cosplay is popular at conventions across the world.
Events and themes[edit]
There are many annual events that generate the chance to dress up in fancy dress costumes; Christmas, New Year, birthdays, Hen and Stag parties, and Book Day, amongst others.
Halloween is the most popular costume or fancy dress event of the year in western society. Halloween originated centuries ago, the Celts believed that on 31 October the line between the living and the dead became distorted, condemned souls would come back to wreak havoc for the night. In defense, the Celts would dress up in ghoulish costumes to scare evil spirits away.
Within many fancy dress events, a theme is usually present, and with fancy dress outfits often from Hollywood films such as Star Wars, Grease, James Bond, and Spider-Man. Themes are also extremely popular with fundraising events, such as the Great Gorilla Run, where 1,000 people dressed as gorillas in London in aid for Great Gorillas, a charity that focuses on the endangered species.[citation needed]
Some costume parties are themed around 80s fashion. The most popular costumes researched for such fancy dress are the Madonna Look, punk fashion and neon-colored clothing. Some of the easiest and cheapest 1980s costumes include Rambo, Samantha Fox, and Tom Cruise from Risky Business or Top Gun. Alternate eighties costumes include dresses, prom dresses and denim from the period, including high waisted pants and stone wash denim.
Fans sometimes attend sporting events in a costume as a sign of support of their favored team. Some sporting events have large numbers of fans attending in fancy dress costume, notably the Wellington Rugby Sevens where almost every fan who attends wears some sort of costume.
See also[edit]
Halloween costume
Masquerade ball
Beaux Arts Ball
References[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Fancy Dresses Described, or, What to Wear at Fancy Balls (1887)
Jump up ^ http://www.niqash.org/en/articles/society/3436/
Jump up ^ Pippa Drummond (2011). The Provincial Music Festival in England, 1784-1914. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-4094-3281-4. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Matthews, Mimi (August 1, 2016). "A Victorian Fancy Dress Ball". mimimatthews.com. Retrieved 2017-02-08.
Jump up ^ Freeman, Hadley (2006-07-18). "You shall go to the ball". The Guardian. Retrieved 2006-07-18.
Jump up ^ Brownie, Barbara (11 June 2013). "Victorian socialites who used fancy dress to excess". The Guardian. Retrieved 2017-02-08.
Jump up ^ "Types of Meetings and Events - eVenues.com". eVenues. Retrieved 2016-03-26.
^ Jump up to: a b Resnick, Mike (2015). "Wolrdcon Masquerades". Always a Fan. Wildside Press. pp. 106–110. ISBN 9781434448149.
Jump up ^ Raymond, Adam K. (July 24, 2014). "75 Years Of Capes and Face Paint: A History of Cosplay". Yahoo! Movies. Retrieved 2017-02-08.
Jump up ^ "Nobuyuki (Nov) Takahashi " YeinJee's Asian Blog: The Origin of the word cosplay". Yeinjee.com. 2008-07-03. Retrieved 2017-02-08.
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