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Visa requirements for Kenyan citizens
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Kenyan passport
Visa requirements for Kenyan citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Kenya. As of February 2018, Kenyan citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 72 countries and territories, ranking the Kenyan passport 67th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Omani passport) according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]
Contents
1 Visa requirements map
2 Visa requirements
3 Dependent, Disputed, or Restricted territories
4 See also
5 References and Notes
Visa requirements map[edit]
Visa requirements for Kenyan citizens
Kenya
Visa free access
Visa on arrival
Electronic visa
Visa available both on arrival or online
Visa required
Visa requirements[edit]
Country
Visa requirement
Allowed stay
Notes (excluding departure fees)
Afghanistan Visa required[2]
Albania Visa required[3]
Algeria Visa required[4]
Andorra Visa required[5]
Angola Visa required[6]
Antigua and Barbuda Visa not required[7] 1 month
Argentina Visa required[8]
Armenia Visa required[9]
Australia and territories Visa required[10]
May apply online (Online Visitor e600 visa).[11]
Austria Visa required[12]
Azerbaijan Visa required[13]
Bahamas Visa not required[14] 3 months
Bahrain eVisa[15] 14 days
Bangladesh Visa required[16]
Barbados Visa not required[17]
Belarus Visa required[18]
Belgium Visa required[19]
Belize Visa required[20]
Benin Visa not required[21] 90 days[22][23]
Bhutan Visa required[24]
Bolivia Visa on arrival[25] 90 days
Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa required[26]
Botswana Visa not required[27] 90 days
Brazil Visa required[28]
Brunei Visa required[29]
Bulgaria Visa required[30]
Burkina Faso Visa on arrival[31]
Burundi Visa not required[32] 3 months
Cambodia eVisa / Visa on arrival[33]
Cameroon Visa required[34]
Canada Visa required[35]
Cape Verde Visa on arrival[36]
Central African Republic Visa required[37]
Chad Visa required[38]
Chile Visa required[39]
China Visa required[40]
Colombia Visa required[41]
May apply online.[42]
Comoros Visa on arrival[43]
Republic of the Congo Visa required[44]
Democratic Republic of the Congo Visa on arrival[45]
Costa Rica Visa required[46]
Côte d'Ivoire Visa required[47]
Croatia Visa required[48]
Cuba Tourist card required[49]
Tourist card must be obtained in advance via travel agency, airline or at the embassy.
Cyprus Visa required[50]
Czech Republic Visa required[51]
Denmark Visa required[52]
Djibouti eVisa[53] 31 days
Dominica Visa not required[54] 21 days
Dominican Republic Visa required[55]
Ecuador Visa required[56]
Egypt Visa required[57]
El Salvador Visa required[58]
Equatorial Guinea Visa required[59]
Eritrea Visa required[60]
Estonia Visa required[61]
Ethiopia Visa not required[62] 1 year
Fiji Visa not required[63] 4 months
Finland Visa required[64]
France Visa required[65]
Gabon e-Visa[66][67]
Electronic visa holders must arrive via Libreville International Airport.
Gambia Visa not required[68] 90 days
Must obtain an entry clearance from the Gambian Immigration prior to travel</ref>[69]
Georgia eVisa[70]
Germany Visa required[71]
Ghana Visa not required[72]
Greece Visa required[73]
Grenada Visa not required[74]
Guatemala Visa required[75]
Guinea Visa required[76]
Guinea-Bissau eVisa / Visa on arrival[77] 90 days
Guyana Visa required[78]
Haiti Visa not required[79] 3 months
Honduras Visa required[80]
Hungary Visa required[81]
Iceland Visa required[82]
India e-Visa[83] 60 days
e-Visa holders must arrive via 25 designated airports[Note 1] or 3 designated seaports.[Note 2][84]
e-Tourist Visa can be obtained twice in a calendar year.
Indonesia Visa not required[85] 30 days
Iran Visa on arrival[86] 30 days[87]
Iraq Visa required[88]
Ireland Visa required[89]
Israel Visa required[90]
Italy Visa required[91]
Jamaica Visa not required[92]
Japan Visa required[93]
Jordan Visa required[94]
Kazakhstan Visa required[95]
Kiribati Visa not required[96] 30 days
North Korea Visa required[97]
South Korea Visa required[98]
Kuwait Visa required[99]
Kyrgyzstan eVisa[100]
Laos Visa on arrival[101] 30 days
Latvia Visa required[102]
Lebanon Visa required[103]
In addition to a visa, an approval should be obtained from the Immigration department of the General Directorate of General Security (La Surete Generale).
Lesotho Visa not required[104] 90 days
Liberia Visa required[105]
Libya Visa required[106]
Liechtenstein Visa required[107]
Lithuania Visa required[108]
Luxembourg Visa required[109]
Macedonia Visa required[110]
Madagascar Visa on arrival[111] 90 days
Malawi Visa not required[112] 90 days
Malaysia Visa not required[113] 30 days
Maldives Visa on arrival[114] 30 days
Mali Visa on arrival[115]
Malta Visa required[116]
Marshall Islands Visa required[117]
Mauritania Visa on arrival[118]
Available at Nouakchott–Oumtounsy International Airport.
Mauritius Visa not required[119] 90 days
Mexico Visa required[120]
Micronesia Visa not required[121] 30 days
Moldova Visa required[122]
Monaco Visa required[123]
Mongolia Visa required[124]
Montenegro Visa required[125]
Morocco Visa required[126]
Mozambique Visa on arrival[127] 30 days[128]
Myanmar Visa required[129]
Namibia Visa not required[130] 90 days
Nauru Visa required[131]
Nepal Visa on arrival[132]
Netherlands Visa required[133]
New Zealand Visa required[134]
Nicaragua Visa required[135]
Niger Visa required[136]
Nigeria Visa on arrival[137]
Norway Visa required[138]
Oman Visa required[139]
Pakistan Visa required[140]
Palau Visa on arrival[141] 30 days
Panama Visa not required[142] 180 days
Papua New Guinea Visa required[143]
Paraguay Visa required[144]
Peru Visa required[145]
Philippines Visa not required[146] 30 days
Poland Visa required[147]
Portugal Visa required[148]
Qatar eVisa[149]
Romania Visa required[150]
Russia Visa required[151]
Rwanda Visa not required[152] 6 months
Saint Kitts and Nevis Visa not required[153]
Saint Lucia Visa on arrival[154] 6 weeks
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[155] 1 month
Samoa Visa on arrival !Entry Permit on arrival[156] 60 days
San Marino Visa required[157]
São Tomé and Príncipe eVisa[158]
Visa is obtained online.[159]
Saudi Arabia Visa required[160]
Senegal Visa not required[161] 90 days
Serbia Visa required[162]
Visa free for a maximum stay of 90 days for valid visa holders or residents of the European Union member states and the United States.
Seychelles Visa on arrival !Visitor's Permit on arrival[163] 3 months
Sierra Leone Visa on arrival[164]
Singapore Visa not required[165] 30 days
Slovakia Visa required[166]
Slovenia Visa required[167]
Solomon Islands Visa required[168]
Somalia Visa on arrival[169] 30 days
Available at Bosaso, Galcaio and Mogadishu airports.
South Africa Visa required[170]
South Sudan Visa on arrival[171]
Spain Visa required[172]
Sri Lanka Visa required[173]
Sudan Visa on arrival[174]
Suriname Visa required[175]
Swaziland Visa not required[176] 30 days
Sweden Visa required[177]
Switzerland Visa required[178]
Syria Visa required[179]
Tajikistan Visa required[180]
Tanzania Visa not required[181] 90 days
Thailand Visa required[182]
Timor-Leste Visa on arrival[183] 30 days
Togo Visa on arrival[184] 7 days
Tonga Visa required[185]
Trinidad and Tobago Visa not required[186]
Tunisia Visa required[187]
Turkey Visa required[188]
Turkmenistan Visa required[189]
Tuvalu Visa on arrival[190] 1 month
Uganda Visa not required[191]
Ukraine Visa required[192]
United Arab Emirates Visa required[193]
United Kingdom and Crown dependencies Visa required[194]
United States Visa required[195]
Uruguay Visa required[196]
Uzbekistan Visa required[197]
Vanuatu Visa not required[198] 30 days
Vatican City Visa required[199]
Venezuela Visa required[200]
Vietnam Visa required[201]
Yemen Visa required[202]
Zambia Visa not required[203] 90 days
Zimbabwe Visa not required[204] 3 months
Dependent, Disputed, or Restricted territories[edit]
Unrecognized or partially recognized countries
Territory
Conditions of access
Notes
Abkhazia Visa required[205]
Kosovo Visa required[206] Not required if holding multiple entry C type Schengen visa
Northern Cyprus Visa not required[207]
Nagorno-Karabakh Visa required[208] Travellers with Nagorno-Karabakh visa (expired or valid) or evidence of travel to Nagorno-Karabakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.[209]
Palestine Visa not required[210] Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[211]
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory.
Somaliland Visa on arrival 30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival.[212][213]
South Ossetia Visa not required[214] Multiple entry visa to Russia and three day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[215][216]
Taiwan Visa required[217][218]
Transnistria Visa not required[219] Registration required after 24h.[220][221]
Dependent and autonomous territories
Territory
Conditions of access
Notes
China
Hong Kong Visa not required[222] 90 days
Macau Visa on arrival[223]
Denmark
Faroe Islands Visa required[224]
Greenland Visa required[225]
France
French Guiana Visa required[226]
French Polynesia Visa required[227]
French West Indies Visa required Includes overseas departments of Guadeloupe and Martinique and overseas collectivities of Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin.
Mayotte Visa required[228]
New Caledonia Visa required[229]
Réunion Visa required[230]
Saint Pierre and Miquelon Visa required[231]
Wallis and Futuna Visa required[232]
Netherlands
Aruba Visa required[233]
Caribbean Netherlands Visa required[234] Includes Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba.
Curaçao Visa required[235]
Sint Maarten Visa required[236]
New Zealand
Cook Islands Visa not required[237] 31 days
Niue Visa not required[238] 30 days
Tokelau Visa required[239]
United Kingdom
Akrotiri and Dhekelia Visa required[240]
Anguilla Visa required[241] Holders of a valid visa issued by the United Kingdom do not require a visa.[242]
Bermuda Visa required[243]
British Indian Ocean Territory Special permit required Special permit required.[244]
British Virgin Islands Visa not required[245]
Cayman Islands Visa not required[246]
Falkland Islands Visa required[247]
Gibraltar Visa required[248]
Montserrat Visa not required[249]
Pitcairn Islands Visa not required 14 days visa free and landing fee 35 USD or tax of 5 USD if not going ashore.[250][251][252]
Ascension Island Entry Permit required Entry Permit must be obtained minimum 28 days in advance (3 months for 20/30 pounds sterling, single/double entry).[253]
Saint Helena Visa required[254]
Tristan da Cunha Permission required Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[255]
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Permit required Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[256][257]
Turks and Caicos Islands Visa required[258] Holders of a valid visa issued by Canada, United Kingdom or the USA do not required a visa for a maximum stay of 90 days.
United States
American Samoa Visa required[259]
Guam Visa required[260]
Northern Mariana Islands Visa required[261]
Puerto Rico Visa required[262]
U.S. Virgin Islands Visa required[263]
Antarctica and adjacent islands
Special permits required for Bouvet Island, British Antarctic Territory, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Argentine Antarctica, Australian Antarctic Territory, Chilean Antarctic Territory, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Peter I Island, Queen Maud Land, Ross Dependency.[264][265][266][267][268][269][270][271][272][273][274][275]
See also[edit]
Kenya portal
Visa policy of Kenya
Kenyan passport
References and Notes[edit]
References
^ "Global Ranking - Passport Index 2018" (PDF). Henley & Partners. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
^ Visa information, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan.
^ Visa regime for foreign citizens, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of Albania.
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel to Andorra, Ministry of External Affairs of Andorra.
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Countries exempt from visa, Department of Immigration of Antigua and Barbuda.
^ Visa regime, National Directorate of Migrations of Argentina (in Spanish).
^ Visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia.
^ Visitor visa options, Department of Home Affairs of Australia.
^ "Visitor e600 Visa Online Applications". Department of Immigration and Border Protection.
^ Schengen visa, Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs of Austria.
^ Countries with visa-free travel regime, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan (in Azerbaijani).
^ Visa requirements for foreigners travelling to the Bahamas, Government of the Bahamas, 18 February 2014.
^ Bahrain eVisas, Ministry of Interior of Bahrain.
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Visa requirements for foreign nationals entering Barbados, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade of Barbados, 3 June 2009.
^ Visa-free travel, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belarus.
^ Visa for Belgium, Federal Public Service Foreign Affairs of Belgium.
^ Countries not requiring an entry visa, Department of Immigration and Nationality Services of Belize, September 2016.
^ Visa, Emigration and Immigration Directorate of Benin.
^ [1]
^ [2]
^ Visa, Tourism Council of Bhutan.
^ Requirements to enter Bolivia, General Directorate of Migration of Bolivia (in Spanish).
^ Visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
^ Requirements for visa application, Government of Botswana.
^ Visas to travel to Brazil, Ministry of External Relations of Brazil (in Portuguese and English).
^ Country category for visa application, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Brunei.
^ Visa for Bulgaria, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria.
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
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^ "Visa Online Request". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Colombia.
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^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Visa policy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus.
^ List of states whose citizens are exempt from visa requirement, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, 13 July 2017.
^ Countries with a visa requirement and visa-free countries, Danish Immigration Service, 8 December 2017.
^ eVisa
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^ Who does not need a visa to visit Estonia?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia, 2 November 2017.
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^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Visa requirement and travel documents accepted by Finland, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.
^ Foreign nationals holding ordinary passports exempt from visa requirements, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France, January 2016.
^ Gabon e-Visa
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ "ENTRY INTO THE GAMBIA. GAMBIA IMMIGRATION DEPARTMENT". gid.gov.gm. 2017-12-23. Retrieved 2017-12-23.
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Overview of visa requirements/exemptions for entry into the Federal Republic of Germany, Federal Foreign Office of Germany.
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Countries requiring or not requiring a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece, 13 June 2017.
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
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^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Countries that do not need a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary.
^ Who does not need a visa, Directorate of Immigration of Iceland.
^ "Indian e-Visa". Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.
^ e-Visa
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Iran extends airport visa validity to 30 days
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Countries that need a visa for Ireland, Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service.
^ Tourist visa table, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 23 May 2017.
^ Visa for Italy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Italy.
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
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^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Countries whose citizens may enter Latvia without a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia, 9 October 2017.
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Visa, Government of Liechtenstein (in German).
^ Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania, 30 August 2017.
^ Staying in Luxembourg for less than 90 days, Government of Luxembourg.
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
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^ Who requires a visa?, Identity Malta.
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^ Before you leave, Monaco Government Tourist Office.
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Mozambique Government Announces 30-day Tourist Visas now Available at Borders for all Visitors
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Short-stay Schengen visa (90 days or less), Government of the Netherlands.
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Persons who do not need a visa to visit Norway, Norwegian Directorate of Immigration.
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Visa-free countries, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland.
^ Third countries whose citizens are required to have a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Portugal.
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania.
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
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^ Border formalities, San Marino Tourism Board.
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ [3]
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Consular information and travel visa, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Slovakia.
^ Visa regimes and visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Slovenia.
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Entry requirements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Spain.
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ List of foreign citizens who require visa for entry into Sweden, Government of Sweden.
^ Overview of ID and visa provisions according to nationality, State Secretariat for Migration of Switzerland.
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ UK visa requirements: list for carriers, Government of the United Kingdom, 2 October 2017.
^ Travel without a visa, United States Department of State.
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
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^ Travel Information Manual, International Air Transport Association (IATA).
^ "MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS REPUBLIC OF ABKHAZIA".
^ "Visas For Foreign Citizens - For Kosovo Citizens - Consular Services - Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Republic of Kosovo". Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Republic of Kosovo.
^ "VISA Regulations". Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
^ "The procedure of foreign citizens' entry to the NKR".
^ [4]
^ Tourist visa table, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 23 May 2017.
^ "Israel Country Specific Information". Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
^ Practical travel information on Visas in Somaliland, Puntland & Somalia - Lonely Planet Travel Information
^ [5]
^ [6]
^ О визах | Министерство иностранных дел
^ Procedure of the Entry to the Territory of the Republic of South Ossetia | Министерство иностранных дел
^ Visa, Bureau of Consular Affairs of Taiwan.
^ "線上填寫簽證申請系統".
^ "Министерство иностранных дел - Приднестровской Молдавской Республики". Министерство иностранных дел.
^ Luxlana.net
^ Rules and recommendations | Transnistria tour
^ Visit visa / entry permit requirements for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Immigration Department of Hong Kong, April 2017.
^ Entry and exit of non-residents, Public Security Police Force of Macau.
^ "Passport and visa". Visit Faroe Islands.
^ "Advice & Services for travelling to and staying in Greenland".
^ Ruling of 26 July 2011 regarding the documents and visas required for the entry of foreigners in the territory of Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Réunion and the collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Légifrance (in French).
^ Ruling of 29 December 2011 regarding the documents and visas required for the entry of foreigners in the territory of French Polynesia, Légifrance (in French).
^ Ruling of 4 February 2015 regarding the documents and visas required for the entry of foreigners in the territory of Mayotte, Légifrance (in French).
^ Ruling of 22 July 2011 regarding the documents and visas required for the entry of foreigners in the territory of New Caledonia, Légifrance (in French).
^ Ruling of 26 July 2011 regarding the documents and visas required for the entry of foreigners in the territory of Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Réunion and the collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Légifrance (in French).
^ Ruling of 26 July 2011 regarding the documents and visas required for the entry of foreigners in the territory of Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Réunion and the collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Légifrance (in French).
^ http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/coming-to-france/getting-a-visa/article/foreign-nationals-holding-ordinary-passports-exempt-from-visa-requirements
^ Do I need a visa for the Caribbean parts of the Kingdom?, Government of the Netherlands.
^ Do I need a visa for the Caribbean parts of the Kingdom?, Government of the Netherlands.
^ Do I need a visa for the Caribbean parts of the Kingdom?, Government of the Netherlands.
^ Do I need a visa for the Caribbean parts of the Kingdom?, Government of the Netherlands.
^ Visas and immigration, Discover Cook Islands.
^ Travelling to Niue, Niue Tourism Office.
^ [7]
^ Protocols No. 3 and 10 to the Treaty of Accession 2003, European Commission, 16 April 2003.
^ Visa requirements for Anguilla, Government of Anguilla, October 2016.
^ http://www.gov.ai/visas_travel.php
^ Bermuda entry visas, Government of Bermuda.
^ British Indian Ocean Territory travel advice - GOV.UK
^ Visas, Tourism Board of the British Virgin Islands.
^ Visa-free and visa-required countries, Department of Immigration of the Cayman Islands.
^ Immigration Ordinance 1999, Falkland Islands Government, 31 July 2017.
^ Visas and immigration, Government of Gibraltar.
^ Countries not requiring a visa, Immigration Department of Montserrat.
^ Tourist Information | Visas & Legal Info | Pitcairn Island Tourism
^ Pitcairn Islands
^ http://www.government.pn/immigration%20ordinance.pdf
^ Entry Permits | Ascension Island
^ "VISA REQUIREMENTS FOR VISITING ST HELENA". St Helena Government. 14 December 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
^ Tristan da Cunha Information for Visitors
^ South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands (British Overseas Territory) travel advice - GOV.UK
^ Information for Visitors - South Georgia Website
^ Requirements to obtain a Turks and Caicos visitor's visa, Ministry of Border Control and Employment of the Turks and Caicos Islands.
^ General information, American Samoa Visitors Bureau.
^ Travel without a visa, United States Department of State.
^ Travel without a visa, United States Department of State.
^ Travel without a visa, United States Department of State.
^ Travel without a visa, United States Department of State.
^ http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/about_antarctica/tourism/index.php
^ http://www.fco.gov.uk/content/en/travel-advice/north-central-south-america/12940285/fco_trv_ca_britishantarcticterr?ta=travelSummary&pg=1
^ http://britishantarcticterritory.fco.gov.uk/en/tourism/
^ http://www.taaf.fr/Acces-a-l-Antarctique
^ http://www.taaf.fr/Acces-aux-iles-australes
^ http://www.taaf.fr/Acces-aux-iles-Eparses
^ http://www.dna.gov.ar/DIVULGAC/INDEX.HTM
^ http://www.antarctica.gov.au/living-and-working/predeparture/expeditioner-engagement-information
^ http://www.heardisland.aq/about/frequently-asked-questions#visit_heard_island
^ http://www.npolar.no/en/antarctica/peter-I-oy.html
^ http://www.npolar.no/en/antarctica/dronning-maud-land.html
^ http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Foreign-Relations/Antarctica/3-New-Zealand-Procedures-for-Visitors-to-Antarctica/index.php
Notes
^
Ahmedabad
Amritsar
Bagdogra
Bengaluru
Chandigarh
Chennai
Coimbatore
Delhi
Gaya
Goa
Guwahati
Hyderabad
Jaipur
Kochi
Kolkata
Kozhikode
Lucknow
Mangaluru
Mumbai
Nagpur
Pune
Thiruvananthapuram
Tiruchirappalli
Varanasi
Visakhapatnam
^
Cochin
Goa
Mangalore
v
t
e
Passports
Africa
Central
CEMAC
Cameroon
Central African Republic
Chad
Congo, Republic of the
Equatorial Guinea
Gabon
Angola
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
São Tomé and Príncipe
Eastern
Burundi
Comoros
Djibouti
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Kenya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mauritius
Mozambique
Rwanda
Seychelles
Somalia
Somaliland10
South Sudan
Tanzania
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Northern
Algeria
Egypt8
Libya
Morocco
Sudan
Tunisia
Western Sahara9
Southern
Botswana
Lesotho
Namibia
South Africa
Swaziland
Western
Mauritania
Saint Helena1
ECOWAS
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cape Verde
Côte d'Ivoire
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Liberia
Mali
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Americas
Caribbean
Anguilla1
British Virgin Islands1
Cayman Islands1
Cuba
Dominican Republic
Montserrat1
Turks and Caicos Islands1
CARICOM
Antigua and Barbuda
Bahamas
Barbados
Dominica
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Trinidad and Tobago
Central
Costa Rica
Panama
CARICOM
Belize
Central America-4
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
North
Bermuda1
Canada
Greenland
France (Saint Pierre and Miquelon)
Mexico
United States
Iroquois League10
South
Chile
Venezuela
Andean
Bolivia
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
CARICOM
Guyana
Suriname
Mercosur
Argentina
Brazil
Paraguay
Uruguay
Asia
Central & North
Afghanistan
Kazakhstan6
Kyrgyzstan
Russia3
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
East
People's Republic of China
Hong Kong11( SAR, BN(O) )
Macao11
Japan
Korea, North
Korea, South
Mongolia
Republic of China (Taiwan)9
South
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Southeast
Brunei
Burma
Cambodia
East Timor
Indonesia
Laos
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam
West
Abkhazia5 9
Armenia7
Artsakh7 9
Azerbaijan5
Bahrain
Cyprus7
Egypt8
Georgia5
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
Kurdistan10
Kuwait
Lebanon
Northern Cyprus7 9
Oman
Palestine9
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
South Ossetia5 9
Syria
Turkey4
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
Europe
Other Europe
Abkhazia5 9
Albania
Andorra
Armenia7
Artsakh7 9
Azerbaijan5
Belarus
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Faroe Islands
Georgia5
Guernsey1
Iceland2
Isle of Man1
Jersey1
Kazakhstan6
Kosovo9
Liechtenstein2
Macedonia
Malta, Sovereign Military Order of
Moldova
Monaco2
Montenegro
Northern Cyprus7 9
Norway2
Russia3
San Marino2
Serbia
South Ossetia5 9
Switzerland2
Transnistria9
Turkey4
Ukraine
Vatican City2
European Union
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus7
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Gibraltar1
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom1
Oceania
Australia
Aboriginal
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Micronesia, Federated States of
Nauru
New Zealand
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Pitcairn Islands1
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
International organizations
Defunct passports
Passport types
International organizations
European Union laissez-passer
International Committee of the Red Cross
Interpol
United Nations laissez-passer
Defunct
British Indian Empire1
Czechoslovakia
East Germany
Korean Empire
Nansen (refugee)
Mandatory Palestine
Rhodesia
Soviet Union12
UNMIK Travel Document
Yugoslavia
Types
Biometric
Camouflage
Diplomatic
Fake
Fantasy passport
Hajj
Horse
Internal
International
Machine-readable
Pet
Travel document
alien
refugee
stateless person
World
Notes
1 A) Includes Crown dependencies, British Overseas Territories, and former British plantations, crown colonies, colonies, protectorates, protected states, mandates, trust territories and other British possessions.
1 B) The Isle of Man, Jersey and Guernsey are not part of the European Union, but Manxmen and Channel Islanders are citizens of the European Union; the Isle of Man, Jersey and Guernsey, and Manxmen and Channel Islanders themselves (unless they qualify and apply for recognition of a change in status), are however excluded from the benefits of the Four Freedoms of the European Union.
1 C) The Government of the United Kingdom also issue passports to British nationals who are not British citizens with the right of abode in the United Kingdom and who are also not otherwise citizens of the European Union.
2 Non-EU country that has open border with Schengen Area.
3 Russia is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. The vast majority of its population (80%) lives in European Russia, therefore Russia as a whole is included as a European country here.
4 Turkey is a transcontinental country in the Middle East and Southeast Europe. Turkey has a small part of its territory (3%) in Southeast Europe called Turkish Thrace.
5 Azerbaijan and Georgia (Abkhazia; South Ossetia) are transcontinental countries. Both have a small part of their territories in the European part of the Caucasus.
6 Kazakhstan is a transcontinental country. Kazakhstan has a small part of its territories located west of the Urals in Eastern Europe.
7 Armenia (Artsakh) and Cyprus (Northern Cyprus) are entirely in Southwest Asia but having socio-political connections with Europe.
8 Egypt is a transcontinental country in North Africa and Western Asia. Egypt has a small part of its territory in Western Asia called Sinai Peninsula.
9 Partially recognized.
10 Not recognized by any other state.
11 Special administrative regions of China
12 The Soviet Union was a transcontinental country located in Eurasia
Category
Commons
List
v
t
e
Visa requirements
Visa
Passport
Travel document
Africa
Central
Angolan
Cameroonian
Central African Republic
Chadian
DR Congo
R Congo
Equatorial Guinean
Gabonese
Santomean
Eastern
Burundian
Comorian
Djiboutian
Eritrean
Ethiopian
Kenyan
Malagasy
Malawian
Mauritian
Mozambican
Rwandan
Seychellois
Somali (Somaliland)
South Sudanese
Tanzanian
Ugandan
Zambian
Zimbabwean
Northern
Algerian
Egyptian8
Libyan
Moroccan
Sudanese
Tunisian
Southern
Botswana
Lesotho
Namibian
Saint Helena1
South African
Swazi
Western
Beninese
Burkinabe
Cape Verdean
Gambian
Ghanaian
Guinean
Guinea-Bissauan
Ivorian
Liberian
Malian
Mauritanian
Nigerian
Nigerien
Senegalese
Sierra Leonean
Togolese
Americas
Caribbean
Anguillan1
Antigua and Barbuda
Bahamian
Barbadian
British Virgin Islands1
Caymanian1
Cuban
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenadian
Haitian
Jamaican
Montserratian1
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucian
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Trinidad and Tobago
Turks and Caicos Islands1
Central
Belizean
Costa Rican
El Salvador
Guatemalan
Honduran
Nicaraguan
Panamanian
North
Bermudian1
Canadian
Mexican
United States
South
Argentine
Bolivian
Brazilian
Chilean
Colombian
Ecuadorian
Guyanese
Paraguayan
Peruvian
Surinamese
Uruguayan
Venezuelan
Asia
Central & North
Afghanistani
Kazakhstani6
Kyrgyzstani
Russian3
Tajik
Turkmen
Uzbekistani
East
Chinese
Hong Kongese
Macanese
Japanese
North Korean
South Korean
Mongolian
Taiwanese9
South
Bangladeshi
Bhutanese
Indian
Maldivian
Nepalese
Pakistani
Sri Lankan
Southeast
Bruneian
Cambodian
East Timorese
Indonesian
Laotian
Malaysian
Myanmar
Philippine
Singaporean
Thai
Vietnamese
Western
Abkhaz5 9
Armenian7
Artsakh7 9
Azerbaijani5
Bahraini
Cypriot7
Egyptian8
Georgian5
Emirati
Iranian
Iraqi
Israeli
Jordanian
Kuwaiti
Lebanese
Northern Cypriot7 9
Omani
Palestinian
Qatari
Saudi
South Ossetian5 9
Syrian
Turkish4
Yemeni
Europe
European Union
Austrian
Belgian
British (BOTC · BN(O) · BOC)
Bulgarian
Croatian
Cypriot7
Czech
Danish
Dutch
Estonian (Non-citizens)
Finnish
French
German
Greek
Hungarian
Irish
Italian
Latvian (Non-citizens)
Lithuanian
Luxembourg
Maltese
Polish
Portuguese
Romanian
Slovak
Slovenian
Spanish
Swedish
Other Europe
Abkhaz5 9
Albanian
Andorran2
Armenian7
Artsakh7 9
Azerbaijani5
Belarusian
Bosnian and Herzegovinian
Georgian5
Gibraltar1
Icelandic2
Kazakhstani6
Kosovan9
Liechtenstein2
Macedonia
Moldovan
Monégasque2
Montenegrin
Northern Cypriot7 9
Norwegian2
Russian3
San Marino2
Serbian
South Ossetian5 9
Sovereign Military Order of Malta
Swiss
Transnistrian9
Turkish4
Ukrainian
Vatican City2
Oceania
Australian
Fijian
Kiribati
Marshallese
Micronesian
Nauruan
New Zealand
Palauan
Papua New Guinean
Pitcairn Islands1
Samoan
Solomon Islands
Tongan
Tuvaluan
Vanuatuan
1 British Overseas Territories. 2 Open border with Schengen Area. 3 Russia is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. The vast majority of its population (80%) lives in European Russia. 4 Turkey is a transcontinental country in the Middle East and Southeast Europe. Has a small part of its territory (3%) in Southeast Europe called Turkish Thrace. 5 Abkhazia9, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and South Ossetia9 are often regarded as transcontinental countries. Both have a small part of their territories in the European part of the Caucasus. 6 Kazakhstan is a transcontinental country. Has a small part of its territories located west of the Urals in Eastern Europe. 7 Armenia, Artsakh9, Cyprus, and Northern Cyprus9 are entirely in Southwest Asia but having socio-political connections with Europe. 8 Egypt is a transcontinental country in North Africa and the Middle East. Has a small part of its territory in the Middle East called Sinai Peninsula. 9 Partially recognized.
Immigration law
v
t
e
Visa policy by country
Visa
Passport
Travel document
Africa
Central
Angola
Cameroon
Central African Republic
Chad
DR Congo
R Congo
Equatorial Guinea
Gabon
São Tomé and Príncipe
Eastern
Burundi
Comoros
Djibouti
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Kenya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mauritius
Mozambique
Rwanda
Seychelles
Somalia (Somaliland)
South Sudan
Tanzania
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Northern
Algeria
Egypt8
Libya
Morocco
Sudan
Tunisia
Southern
Botswana
Lesotho
Namibia
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha1
South Africa
Swaziland
Western
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cape Verde
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Ivory Coast
Liberia
Mali
Mauritania
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Americas
Caribbean
Dutch Caribbean (Aruba, Caribbean Netherlands, Curaçao, Sint Maarten)
Anguilla1
Antigua and Barbuda
Bahamas
Barbados
British Virgin Islands1
Cayman Islands1
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
Montserrat1
Puerto Rico11
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Trinidad and Tobago
Turks and Caicos Islands1
United States Virgin Islands11
Central
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
North
Bermuda1
Canada
Mexico
United States
South
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Falkland Islands1
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands1
Suriname
Uruguay
Venezuela
Asia
Central & North
Afghanistan
Kazakhstan6
Kyrgyzstan
Russia3
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
East
China
Hong Kong
Macau
Japan
North Korea
South Korea
Mongolia
Taiwan (Republic of China)10
South
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Southeast (ASEAN)
Brunei
Cambodia
East Timor
Indonesia
Laos
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam
Western
Abkhazia510
Akrotiri and Dhekelia1 7
Armenia7
Artsakh7 10
Azerbaijan5
Bahrain
Cyprus7
Egypt8
Georgia5
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Northern Cyprus7 10
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
South Ossetia5
Syria
Turkey4
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
Europe
European Union/EFTA
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Cyprus7
Denmark
Faroe Islands
Estonia
Finland
France
Overseas
Germany
Gibraltar1
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Overseas
Norway
Svalbard12
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Overseas
Other Europe
Abkhazia5 10
Akrotiri and Dhekelia1 7
Albania
Andorra
Armenia7
Artsakh7 10
Azerbaijan5
Belarus
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Georgia5
Kazakhstan6
Kosovo10
Macedonia
Moldova
Monaco 2
Montenegro
Northern Cyprus7 10
Russia3
San Marino 2
Serbia
South Ossetia5 10
Transnistria10
Turkey4
Ukraine
Vatican City 2
Oceania
American Samoa11
Australia
Cook Islands9
Fiji
Guam11
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Micronesia
Nauru
New Zealand
Niue9
Northern Mariana Islands11
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Pitcairn Islands1
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Tokelau9
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
1 British Overseas Territories. 2 Open border with Schengen Area. 3 Russia is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. The majority of its population (80%) lives in European Russia, therefore Russia as a whole is included as a European country here. 4 Turkey is a transcontinental country in the Middle East and Southeast Europe. Has part of its territory (3%) in Southeast Europe called Turkish Thrace. 5 Azerbaijan (Artsakh) and Georgia (Abkhazia; South Ossetia) are transcontinental countries. Both have part of their territories in the European part of the Caucasus. 6 Kazakhstan is a transcontinental country. Has part of its territories located west of the Ural River in Eastern Europe. 7 Armenia and Cyprus (Northern Cyprus; Akrotiri and Dhekelia) are entirely in Southwest Asia but having socio-political connections with Europe. 8 Egypt is a transcontinental country in North Africa and the Middle East. Has part of its territory in the Middle East called Sinai Peninsula. 9 Part of the Realm of New Zealand. 10 Partially recognized. 11 Unincorporated territory of the United States. 12 Part of Norway, not part of the Schengen Area, special open-border status under Svalbard Treaty
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text:
Flag of Ecuador
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 20 April 2018.
Jump to: navigation, search
Ecuador
Name
La Tricolor (The Tricolor)
Use
National flag and state and naval ensign
Proportion
2:3
Adopted
26 September 1860. Present ratio, November 2009.
Design
A horizontal tricolor of yellow (double width), blue and red with the National Coat of Arms superimposed at the center.
Variant flag of Ecuador
Use
Naval Jack
The national flag of Ecuador, which consists of horizontal bands of yellow (double width), blue and red, was first adopted by law in 1835 and later on 26 September 1860. The design of the current flag was finalized in 1900 with the addition of the coat of arms in the center of the flag. Before using the yellow, blue and red tricolor, Ecuador used white and blue flags that contained stars for each province of the country. The design of the flag is very similar to those of Colombia and Venezuela, which are also former constituent territories of Gran Colombia. All three are based on a proposal by Venezuelan General Francisco de Miranda, which was adopted by Venezuela in 1811 and later Gran Colombia with some modifications. There is a variant of the flag that does not contain the coat of arms that is used by the merchant marine. This flag matches Colombia's in every aspect, but Colombia uses a different design when her merchant marine ships are at sail.
Contents
[hide]
1 Design
1.1 Coat of arms
1.2 Symbolism
2 History
3 Pledge and hymn
4 Variants
5 Derivatives
6 Resemblance to other flags
7 Provincial flags
8 References
8.1 Notes
8.2 Legislation
9 External links
Design[edit]
Construction sheet
The Ecuadorian National Secretariat of Communication (Secretaría Nacional de Comunicación) issued regulations describing the applications and proportions of the national flag, coat of arms, and other national symbols in November 2009.
The national flag has a length of 2.20 meters and a width of 1.47 m, a ratio of 2 to 3. The field is split into three horizontal colored bands, a yellow band of one-half the flag's width, a blue band of one-quarter the width, and a red band of one-quarter the width. All three bands extend the full length of the flag. The flag is charged with the Ecuadorian coat of arms scaled to one-half the width of the flag and centered in the field.[1] The coat of arms itself is constructed in a rectangle with proportions 12:10. The national standard has the same design as the national flag, but is square, with length 0.9 m and width 0.9 m.[2] When used by military units and organizations, lettering can encircle the coat of arms with a diameter of 55 centimeters. The lettering must be 4 cm in height, 3 cm in width, gold-colored Roman font, embroidered with gold thread.[1] The only other regulated size is a table flag (banderola) where the flag is 200 mm wide and 300 mm long.[2] When manufacturing the national flag, sellers to the public must include the name of their company, along with the year of manufacture, by placing a 20 × 10 mm tag on the reverse side of the flag on the sleeve.[3]
Coat of arms[edit]
Coat of arms
Main article: Coat of arms of Ecuador
In the background of the oval shield is the mountain Chimborazo, while the river originating from its base represents the Guayas. Chimborazo is also the highest mountain in Ecuador and is part of the Andes Range. The steamboat on the river is named Guayas as well. The ship was built in Guayaquil and was the first seaworthy steamship built in both Ecuador and in all of South America. It was first put into service on 9 October 1841. The ship has the features of a Caduceus representing trade and economy. This kind of mast has two wings surrounding a pole with two snakes encircling it.[4] On top a golden sun surrounded by the Zodiac astrological signs for Aries, Taurus, Gemini and Cancer representing the months March to July to symbolize the duration of the March Revolution of 1845 that ousted General Juan José Flores.
The condor on top of the shield stretches his wings to symbolize power, greatness and strength of Ecuador. The condor also represents the idea that it will always be ready to attack any enemy. The shield is flanked by four national flags. The laurel on the left represents the victories of the republic.[5] The palm leaf on the right side is a symbol of the martyrs of the fight for independence and liberty. The Fasces below the shield represents the republican dignity. The final design of the coat of arms was completed in 1900.[6]
In the 1989 specifications issued to the Ecuadorian Military, the coat of arms has only eight colors that are used on the flag. The eight colors are yellow, blue, red (all from the national flag), sky blue, green, grey, silver and gold.[7] There is also a nine piece instruction on how to draw the coat of arms,[8] followed by a full color drawing and a black and white drawing of the arms.[9] No size specifications have been laid out for the coat of arms except for when it is used on the national flag.[2]
Symbolism[edit]
Miranda ascribed the colours he chose for his flag to Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's theory of primary colours. In a letter written to Count Semyon Romanovich Vorontsov in 1792, Miranda described a late-night conversation which he had with Goethe at a party in Weimar, Germany during the winter of 1785. Fascinated with Miranda's account of his exploits in the American Revolutionary War and his travels throughout the Americas and Europe, Goethe told him that, "Your destiny is to create in your land a place where primary colours are not distorted.” He proceeded to clarify what he meant:
“ First he explained to me the way the iris transforms the light into the three primary colours... then he said, "Why yellow is the most warm, noble and closest to the bright light; why Blue is that mix of excitement and serenity, so far that it evokes the shadows; and why Red is the exaltation of Yellow and Blue, the synthesis, the vanishing of the bright light into the shadows".[10] ”
The first time the yellow, blue and red flag was flown by Miranda was in 1806 on the ship Leander when trying to face the Spanish forces off of the coast of Jacmel, Haiti.[11] The colors of the modern Ecuadorian flag evolved from those of the flag of the nation of Gran Colombia, which encompassed the territories of modern-day Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela. The colors have the following meanings:
Yellow: The crops and the fertile soil.
Blue: The ocean and the clear skies
Red: The blood spilled by the heroes who died in the name of their countrymen's Fatherland and Freedom.[4][6]
History[edit]
After the territory of Ecuador was conquered by Sebastián de Benalcázar, the emblems of the Spanish Empire flew over the newly founded city of Quito.[12]
The first calls for independence from the Spanish crown came on 10 August 1809; a plain red flag was flown by the rebels.[13] The independence movement was defeated in November 1812 at the hands of Spanish officer Juan Sámano. On 9 October 1820, a new flag, a blue and white bicolour, with five horizontal alternating stripes, and three white stars in the middle stripe, was raised for the first time.[12] The three stars represent Guayaquil, Portoviejo and Machala.[13] This flag was later adopted by the Guayas Province.
Gabriel García Moreno, upon assuming power two days after the Battle of Guayaquil in September 1860, the yellow, blue and red triband was returned to use; its reinstatement on September 26 is commemorated during Ecuador's national flag day.[12][14] Previously, a vertical white, blue and white flag was used. In the middle of the blue stripe, there were white stars placed to signify the number of provinces in Ecuador. The highest star total was seven before this flag was abandoned.[13] In 1900, the flag was made the definitive national standard, and was charged with the coat of arms for official national government use while the plain flag was reserved for the merchant marine.[15]
Evolution of the Ecuadorian Flag
Spanish Colonial Flag
1534–1820 The Cross of Burgundy flag of the Spanish colonial empire flew over Ecuador for many years.
Flag of the Quiteñan Revolution
1809–1812 The leaders of a rebellion against the Spanish authorities raised a reversed Cross of Burgundy flag in Quito on 10 August 1809. The uprising was defeated in 1812.
First National Flag
1820–1822 A flag with five horizontal stripes and three stars in the middle stripe. This flag subsequently became that of the Guayas Province, and was first raised by the patriots in the liberation of 9 October 1820.
Second National Flag
1822 The previous flag was changed by decree of 2 June 1822: "The flag of the free province of Guayaquil shall be white and its first quarter blue with a centered star."
Third National Flag
1822–1830 Ecuador was subsumed into Gran Colombia, during which time the Colombian horizontal tricolour became definitive. Although Ecuador seceded from that union in 1830, the flag was retained until 1845.
Fourth National Flag
1830–1835 Provisional flag of the State of Ecuador, decreed on 19 November 1830.
Fifth National Flag
1835–1845 First flag used officially by Ecuador after its separation from Gran Colombia.
Sixth National Flag
1845 During the 1845 Marcist Revolution the pale blue and white colours return, but as a vertical tricolour of white, blue, white, with three white stars in the central stripe.
Seventh National Flag
1845–1860 The Cuenca Convention ratified, by decree of 6 November 1845, a change to a deeper blue, and the increase in the number of stars to seven "as symbols of the seven provinces which make up the Republic".[16]
Eighth National Flag
1860–present Gabriel García Moreno, upon assuming power two days after the Battle of Guayaquil, reinstated the tricolor flag of Greater Colombia on 26 September 1860. In 1900, the flag was made the definitive national standard, and the coat of arms was added for official state use. The plain flag was established as the merchant ensign in 1900.
Pledge and hymn[edit]
Students and military cadets in Ecuador are required to recite a pledge to the flag, known as the "Juramento a la Bandera" or "Pledge to the Flag." This pledge is usually stated during national holiday or important school functions, such as graduations.[17] There is also a patriotic song called the "Himno a la Bandera" ("Hymn to the Flag") that is after the "Juramento a la Bandera" or before flag retirement ceremonies.[18]
Variants[edit]
Flag used by municipal buildings
According to Registro Oficial No. 1272, a decree signed into law on 5 December 1900, there are two official designs of the national flag. Article Two established the national banner as the tricolor with the yellow stripe doubling the size of the blue and red stripes. Article Three establishes the national flag charged with the coat of arms and is directed to be used by the military, government offices and diplomatic agents outside of Ecuador. While this law establishes the flag with the coat of arms as the state flag, it did not forbid the civilian population from using the flag. The only restriction is stated in Article Six where the merchant marine is restricted to using the flag without the coat of arms.[15] Because of this, this has been construed to be the civil flag as it was practiced in other South American countries, such as Peru, Bolivia and Argentina. Unlike Ecuador, several of these South American countries forbade the civilian population from using the national flag with the coat of arms or, in the case of Argentina until 1985, the national flag charged with the Sun of May in the middle.[19] Peru and Bolivia still restricts the usage of the state flag to just the government bodies and institutions and reserves the plain flags for national celebrations or as directed by law.[20][21] However, in practice the flag with the coat of arms is often used in place of the plain flag, especially when it is important to distinguish the latter from the flag of Colombia. In the case when Colombian merchant marine ships are at sea, the Colombian national flag is charged with a red and blue oval with a white star in the center.[22] For city governments, Article 4 in the 1900 decree forbids them from using the national flag with the coat of arms. A special flag was created for the city governments to use; it is a plain national flag charged with white stars that are placed in a circle pattern. The number of white stars will correspond to the number of provinces in Ecuador.[15] However, this flag is identical to Venezuela's flag from 1905 until 1930, and similar to Venezuela's current flag (the stars are now in a semi circle pattern).[23]
Derivatives[edit]
Palestina Canton uses the national flag on their flag. Placed in the canton, the Ecuador flag is shown with three even stripes, while the rest of the flag is colored olive green. The use of the Ecuador flag was described by the Palestina government as "unity with the motherland" and olive green represents progress.[24] Loja Province adopted a flag in 1963 that copied the design of the national flag. This was done by the creator of the flag to show his "honor and admiration" to the homeland.[25] Another province, Napo, chose their flag that copied the design of the national flag without the coat of arms. The only modification that was performed was to put a white strip between the blue and yellow.[26]
Resemblance to other flags[edit]
The Venezuelan flag of 1811
The flags of Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela, can all trace their roots to the flag of the nation of Gran Colombia (1819–1830), the short-lived republic that encompassed the territories of all three. The Gran Colombian flag in turn was inspired by the flag of the First Republic of Venezuela, the first independent government of that nation. The flag of the Venezuelan Republic was modeled on the one created earlier by General Francisco de Miranda during his attempts to gain Venezuelan independence and which first flew over the port of La Vela in Santa Ana de Coro, Venezuela, in 1806.[27]
As of 2006, the Ecuadoran flag still shares some similarity with the flags of Colombia and Venezuela. All three flags use the yellow, blue and red tricolor, but that is where the similarities end. In a decree passed in Colombia in 1934, the ratio of the stripes were set at 2:1:1 and the flag ratio was set at 2:3, similar to the present Ecuador flag. However, the coat of arms is only changed in the middle of the flag when it is used by government officials or by military forces.[28] For Venezuela, the basic design was to have all three strips even vertically, unlike those of Colombia and Ecuador. Since 1863, Venezuela decided to change their flag with white stars instead of a coat of arms. A coat of arms was not added to the national flag 1954, then changed again in 2006 to add another star and alter the coat of arms. The position of the coat of arms on the Venezuelan flag also differs from Ecuador and Colombia by placing the arms at the very top hoist (left) side of the flag instead of in the center.[29]
Flag of Colombia
Flag of Venezuela
Provincial flags[edit]
Azuay
Bolívar
Cañar
Carchi
Chimborazo
Cotopaxi
El Oro
Esmeraldas
Galápagos
Guayas
Imbabura
Loja
Los Ríos
Manabí
Morona-Santiago
Napo
Orellana
Pastaza
Pichincha
Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas
Santa Elena
Sucumbíos
Tungurahua
Zamora-Chinchipe
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Instructivo de uso de los Símbolos Patrios
^ Jump up to: a b c Norma Que Establece Los Requisitos de Diseno, Caracteristicas de Confeccion y Modo de Empleo de Los Emblemas Patrios, pp. Annex A.
Jump up ^ Norma Que Establece Los Requisitos de Diseno, Caracteristicas de Confeccion y Modo de Empleo de Los Emblemas Patrios, pp. 6.1
^ Jump up to: a b "The Flag and The Coat of Arms". Embassy of the Republic of Ecuador in the United States. Retrieved 2010-07-27.
Jump up ^ Other descriptions attribute it to the symbolism of the glory of the heroes of independence.
^ Jump up to: a b "Símbolos Patrios" (in Spanish). Presidencia de la República del Ecuador. Retrieved 2010-07-27.
Jump up ^ Norma Que Establece Los Requisitos de Diseno, Caracteristicas de Confeccion y Modo de Empleo de Los Emblemas Patrios, pp. Annex E.
Jump up ^ Norma Que Establece Los Requisitos de Diseno, Caracteristicas de Confeccion y Modo de Empleo de Los Emblemas Patrios, pp. Annex C.
Jump up ^ Norma Que Establece Los Requisitos de Diseno, Caracteristicas de Confeccion y Modo de Empleo de Los Emblemas Patrios, pp. Annex D.
Jump up ^ Serpa Erazo, Jorge, Pañol de la Historia. Part 1, Section 1 (July 30, 2004). ISSN 1900-3447 (which is itself a summary of Ricardo Silva Romero's "La Bandera del Mundo."). Retrieved on 2008-12-02
Jump up ^ Isabel Cerón, María (2005-03-12). "La Bandera Nacional" (in Spanish). Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Comunicación y la Información (Venezuela). Retrieved 2010-08-02.
^ Jump up to: a b c Alfredo Andaluz Prado, José (2007-09-26). "Historia de nuestra bandera". Diario Correo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2008-08-22. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
^ Jump up to: a b c MDN Regulations 2006, pp. 28.
Jump up ^ "El Ecuador celebra el Día de la Bandera". HOY.com.ec (in Spanish). 2008-09-26. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
^ Jump up to: a b c Decree of 5 December 1900
Jump up ^ Volker Preuß. "Flaggen del Ekuador 1845–1860" (in German). Retrieved 2003-04-28.
Jump up ^ "Tradiciones Militares — Juramento a la Bandera" (in Spanish). Ministry of National Defense of Ecuador. Archived from the original on 2010-06-15. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
Jump up ^ "Tradiciones Militares — Incineración de la Bandera" (in Spanish). Ministry of National Defense of Ecuador. Archived from the original on April 18, 2009. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
Jump up ^ "Ceremonial de la Bandera" (in Spanish). City of Santo Tome. 2009. Retrieved 2010-07-24.
Jump up ^ D.L. 11323 del 31 de Marzo de 1950
Jump up ^ "Bandera Nacional" (in Spanish). Ministry of Defense of Bolivia. Retrieved 2010-07-24.
Jump up ^ "Historia de la Bandera" (in Spanish). Vice President of the Republic of Colombia. 2008. Retrieved 2010-07-25.
Jump up ^ "Evolución Histórica de la Bandera Nacional" (in Spanish). President of the Bolivar Republic of Venezuela. 2006. Retrieved 2010-07-24.
Jump up ^ "Símbolos" (in Spanish). Canton of Palestina. 2005-10-27. Retrieved 2010-07-26.
Jump up ^ "Bandera" (in Spanish). Tourism Loja. Retrieved 2010-07-26.
Jump up ^ "Provincia de Napo" (in Spanish). Centros de Investigación del Exterior. 2008. Retrieved 2010-07-26.
Jump up ^ Rodríguez, Roberto (July 2001). "LA BANDERA COLOMBIANA". Credencial Historia (in Spanish). Biblioteca Virtual del Banco de la República. Retrieved 2010-07-27.
Jump up ^ "HISTORIA DE LA BANDERA" (in Spanish). President of the Republic of Colombia. 2006. Archived from the original on 2011-05-22. Retrieved 2010-07-24.
Jump up ^ "Evolución Histórica de la Bandera Nacional" (in Spanish). President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. 2006. Retrieved 2010-07-24.
Legislation[edit]
Norma Que Establece Los Requisitos de Diseno, Caracteristicas de Confeccion y Modo de Empleo de Los Emblemas Patrios [Standards Regarding the Requisitioning, Characteristics and Employing the National Symbols] [PDF]. Military of Ecuador; 1989 [Retrieved 2010-07-22]. es.
Regulations of Protocol and Military Ceremonies. Ministry of National Defense, Armed Forces of Ecuador; 2006 [Retrieved 2010-07-29]. es.
National Secretary of Communication. Instructivo de uso de los Símbolos Patrios [Instructions and Use of the National Symbols] [PDF]; 2009-11 [archived 2011-07-20; Retrieved 2010-07-22]. es.
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