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C4 carbon fixation
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Kranz anatomy allows C4 carbon fixation.
A: Mesophyll Cell
B: Chloroplast
C: Vascular Tissue
D: Bundle Sheath Cell
E: Stomate
F: Vascular Tissue: provides continuous source of water
1) Carbon is fixed to produce oxaloacetate by PEP carboxylase.
2) The four carbon molecule then exits the cell and enters the chloroplasts of bundle sheath cells.
3) It is then broken down releasing carbon dioxide and producing pyruvate. Carbon dioxide combines with ribulose bisphosphate and proceeds to the Calvin Cycle.
4) Pyruvate re-enters the mesophyll cell. It then reacts with ATP to produce the beginning compound of the C4 cycle.
C4 carbon fixation or the Hatch-Slack pathway is a photosynthetic process in some plants. It is the first step in extracting carbon from carbon dioxide to be able to use it in sugar and other biomolecules. It is one of three known processes for carbon fixation. The C4 in one of the names refers to the 4-carbon molecule that is the first product of this type of carbon fixation.
C4 fixation is an elaboration of the more common C3 carbon fixation and is believed to have evolved more recently. C4 overcomes the tendency of the enzyme RuBisCO to wastefully fix oxygen rather than carbon dioxide in the process of photorespiration. This is achieved by ensuring that RuBisCO works in an environment where there is a lot of carbon dioxide and very little oxygen. CO2 is shuttled via malate or aspartate from mesophyll cells to bundle-sheath cells. In these bundle-sheath cells CO2 is released by decarboxylation of the malate. C4 plants use PEP carboxylase to capture more CO2 in the mesophyll cells. PEP Carboxylase (3 carbons) binds to CO2 to make oxaloacetic acid (OAA). The OAA then makes malate (4 carbons). Malate enters bundle sheath cells and releases the CO2. These additional steps, however, require more energy in the form of ATP. Using this extra energy, C4 plants are able to more efficiently fix carbon in drought, high temperatures, and limitations of nitrogen or CO2. Since the more common C3 pathway does not require this extra energy, it is more efficient in the other conditions.
The naming Hatch-Slack pathway is in honor of Marshall Davidson Hatch and C. R. Slack, who elucidated it in Australia in 1966.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 C4 pathway
2 C4 Kranz leaf anatomy
3 The evolution and advantages of the C4 pathway
4 Plants that use C4 carbon fixation
4.1 Converting C3 plants to C4
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
C4 pathway[edit]
NADP-ME type C4 pathway
NAD-ME type C4 pathway
PEPCK type C4 pathway
The first experiments indicating that some plants do not use C3 carbon fixation but instead produce malate and aspartate in the first step of carbon fixation were done in the 1950s and early 1960s by Hugo P. Kortschak[2] and Yuri Karpilov.[3] The C4 pathway was elucidated by Marshall Davidson Hatch and C. R. Slack, in Australia, in 1966; it is sometimes called the Hatch-Slack pathway.[4]
In C3 plants, the first step in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis involves the fixation of CO2 by the enzyme RuBisCO into 3-phosphoglycerate. However, due to the dual carboxylase and oxygenase activity of RuBisCo, some part of the substrate is oxidized rather than carboxylated, resulting in loss of substrate and consumption of energy, in what is known as photorespiration. In order to bypass the photorespiration pathway, C4 plants have developed a mechanism to efficiently deliver CO2 to the RuBisCO enzyme. They utilize their specific leaf anatomy where chloroplasts exist not only in the mesophyll cells in the outer part of their leaves but in the bundle sheath cells as well. Instead of direct fixation to RuBisCO in the Calvin cycle, CO2 is incorporated into a 4-carbon organic acid, which has the ability to regenerate CO2 in the chloroplasts of the bundle sheath cells. Bundle sheath cells can then utilize this CO2 to generate carbohydrates by the conventional C3 pathway.
The first step in the pathway is the conversion of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), by the enzyme pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase. This reaction requires inorganic phosphate and ATP plus pyruvate, producing phosphoenolpyruvate, AMP, and inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi). The next step is the fixation of CO2 into oxaloacetate by the enzyme PEP carboxylase. Both of these steps occur in the mesophyll cells:
pyruvate + Pi + ATP → PEP + AMP + PPi
PEP + CO2 → oxaloacetate
PEP carboxylase has a lower Km for HCO−
3 — and, hence, higher affinity — than RuBisCO. Furthermore, O2 is a very poor substrate for this enzyme. Thus, at relatively low concentrations of CO2, most CO2 will be fixed by this pathway.
The product is usually converted to malate, a simple organic compound, which is transported to the bundle-sheath cells surrounding a nearby vein. Here, it is decarboxylated to produce CO2 and pyruvate. The CO2 now enters the Calvin cycle and the pyruvate is transported back to the mesophyll cell.
Since every CO2 molecule has to be fixed twice, first by 4-carbon organic acid and second by RuBisCO, the C4 pathway uses more energy than the C3 pathway. The C3 pathway requires 18 molecules of ATP for the synthesis of one molecule of glucose, whereas the C4 pathway requires 30 molecules of ATP. This energy debt is more than paid for by avoiding losing more than half of photosynthetic carbon in photorespiration as occurs in some tropical plants,[citation needed] making it an adaptive mechanism for minimizing the loss.
There are several variants of this pathway:
The 4-carbon acid transported from mesophyll cells may be malate, as above, or aspartate.
The 3-carbon acid transported back from bundle-sheath cells may be pyruvate, as above, or alanine.
The enzyme that catalyses decarboxylation in bundle-sheath cells differs. In maize and sugarcane, the enzyme is NADP-malic enzyme; in millet, it is NAD-malic enzyme; and, in Panicum maximum, it is PEP carboxykinase.
C4 Kranz leaf anatomy[edit]
Cross section of a maize leaf, a C4 plant. Kranz anatomy (rings of cells) shown. Drawing based on microscopic images courtesy of Cambridge University Plant Sciences Department.
The C4 plants often possess a characteristic leaf anatomy called kranz anatomy, from the German word for wreath. Their vascular bundles are surrounded by two rings of cells; the inner ring, called bundle sheath cells, contains starch-rich chloroplasts lacking grana, which differ from those in mesophyll cells present as the outer ring. Hence, the chloroplasts are called dimorphic. The primary function of kranz anatomy is to provide a site in which CO2 can be concentrated around RuBisCO, thereby avoiding photorespiration. In order to maintain a significantly higher CO2 concentration in the bundle sheath compared to the mesophyll, the boundary layer of the kranz has a low conductance to CO2, a property that may be enhanced by the presence of suberin.[5]
Although most C4 plants exhibit kranz anatomy, there are, however, a few species that operate a limited C4 cycle without any distinct bundle sheath tissue. Suaeda aralocaspica, Bienertia cycloptera, Bienertia sinuspersici and Bienertia kavirense (all chenopods) are terrestrial plants that inhabit dry, salty depressions in the deserts of the Middle East. These plants have been shown to operate single-cell C4 CO2-concentrating mechanisms, which are unique among the known C4 mechanisms.[6][7][8][9] Although the cytology of both genera differs slightly, the basic principle is that fluid-filled vacuoles are employed to divide the cell into two separate areas. Carboxylation enzymes in the cytosol can, therefore, be kept separate from decarboxylase enzymes and RuBisCO in the chloroplasts, and a diffusive barrier can be established between the chloroplasts (which contain RuBisCO) and the cytosol. This enables a bundle-sheath-type area and a mesophyll-type area to be established within a single cell. Although this does allow a limited C4 cycle to operate, it is relatively inefficient, with the occurrence of much leakage of CO2 from around RuBisCO. There is also evidence for the exhibiting of inducible C4 photosynthesis by non-kranz aquatic macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata under warm conditions, although the mechanism by which CO2 leakage from around RuBisCO is minimised is currently uncertain.[10]
The evolution and advantages of the C4 pathway[edit]
Further information: Evolutionary history of plants § Evolution of photosynthetic pathways
C4 plants have a competitive advantage over plants possessing the more common C3 carbon fixation pathway under conditions of drought, high temperatures, and nitrogen or CO2 limitation. When grown in the same environment, at 30 °C, C3 grasses lose approximately 833 molecules of water per CO2 molecule that is fixed, whereas C4 grasses lose only 277. This increased water use efficiency of C4 grasses means that soil moisture is conserved, allowing them to grow for longer in arid environments.[11]
C4 carbon fixation has evolved on up to 61 independent occasions in 19 different families of plants, making it a prime example of convergent evolution.[12] This convergence may have been facilitated by the fact that many potential evolutionary pathways to a C4 phenotype exist, many of which involve initial evolutionary steps not directly related to photosynthesis.[13] C4 plants arose around 35 million years ago[12] during the Oligocene (precisely when is difficult to determine) and did not become ecologically significant until around 6 to 7 million years ago, in the Miocene Period.[14] C4 metabolism originated when grasses migrated from the shady forest undercanopy to more open environments,[15] where the high sunlight gave it an advantage over the C3 pathway.[16] Drought was not necessary for its innovation; rather, the increased resistance to water stress was a by-product of the pathway and allowed C4 plants to more readily colonise arid environments.[16]
Today, C4 plants represent about 5% of Earth's plant biomass and 3% of its known plant species.[11][17] Despite this scarcity, they account for about 23% of terrestrial carbon fixation.[14][18] Increasing the proportion of C4 plants on earth could assist biosequestration of CO2 and represent an important climate change avoidance strategy. Present-day C4 plants are concentrated in the tropics and subtropics (below latitudes of 45°) where the high air temperature contributes to higher possible levels of oxygenase activity by RuBisCO, which increases rates of photorespiration in C3 plants.
Plants that use C4 carbon fixation[edit]
Maize (or corn) is a common C4 plant.
About 8,100 plant species use C4 carbon fixation, which represents about 3% of all terrestrial species of plants.[18][19] All these 8,100 species are angiosperms. C4 carbon fixation is less common in dicots than in monocots, with only 4.5% of dicots using the C4 pathway, compared to 40% of monocots. Despite this, only three families of monocots utilise C4 carbon fixation compared to 15 dicot families. Of the monocot clades containing C4 plants, the grass (Poaceae) species use the C4 photosynthetic pathway most. Forty-six percent of grasses are C4 and together account for 61% of C4 species. These include the food crops maize, sugar cane, millet, and sorghum.[20][21] Of the dicot clades containing C4 species, the order Caryophyllales contains the most species. Of the families in the Caryophyllales, the Chenopodiaceae use C4 carbon fixation the most, with 550 out of 1,400 species using it. About 250 of the 1000 species of the related Amaranthaceae also use C4.[11][22]
Members of the sedge family Cyperaceae, and members of numerous families of Eudicots -including Asteraceae (the daisy family), Brassicaceae (the cabbage family), and Euphorbiaceae (the spurge family)- also use C4.
Trees which use C4 include Paulownia.
Converting C3 plants to C4[edit]
Given the advantages of C4, a group of scientists from institutions around the world are working on the C4 Rice Project to turn rice, a C3 plant, into a C4 plant by studying the C4 plants maize and Brachypodium.[23] As rice is the world's most important human food—it is the staple food for more than half the planet—having rice that is more efficient at converting sunlight into grain could have significant global benefits towards improving food security. The team claim C4 rice could produce up to 50% more grain—and be able to do it with less water and nutrients.[24][25][26]
The researchers have already identified genes needed for C4 photosynthesis in rice and are now looking towards developing a prototype C4 rice plant. In 2012, the Government of the United Kingdom along with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided $14 million over 3 years towards the C4 Rice Project at the International Rice Research Institute.[27]
See also[edit]
C2 photosynthesis
CAM photosynthesis
C3 photosynthesis
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Slack, CR; Hatch, MD (1967). "Comparative studies on the activity of carboxylases and other enzymes in relation to the new pathway of photosynthetic carbon dioxide fixation in tropical grasses" (PDF). The Biochemical Journal. 103 (3): 660–5. doi:10.1042/bj1030660. PMC 1270465  . PMID 4292834. Retrieved 2010-04-08.
Jump up ^ Nickell, Louis G. (1993). "A tribute to Hugo P. Kortschak: The man, the scientist and the discoverer of C4 photosynthesis". Photosynthesis Research. 35 (2): 201–204. doi:10.1007/BF00014751.
Jump up ^ Hatch, Marshall D. (2002). "C(4) photosynthesis: Discovery and resolution". Photosynthesis Research. 73 (1–3): 251–6. doi:10.1023/A:1020471718805. PMID 16245128.
Jump up ^ Slack, CR; Hatch, MD (1967). "Comparative studies on the activity of carboxylases and other enzymes in relation to the new pathway of photosynthetic carbon dioxide fixation in tropical grasses" (PDF). The Biochemical Journal. 103 (3): 660–5. doi:10.1042/bj1030660. PMC 1270465  . PMID 4292834. Retrieved 2010-04-08.
Jump up ^ Laetsch (1971) Photosynthesis and Photorespiration, eds Hatch, Osmond and Slatyer
Jump up ^ Freitag, H; Stichler, W (2000). "A remarkable new leaf type with unusual photosynthetic tissue in a central Asiatic genus of Chenopodiaceae". Plant Biol. 2: 154–160. doi:10.1055/s-2000-9462.
Jump up ^ Voznesenskaya, Elena; Vincent R. Franceschi; Olavi Kiirats; Elena G. Artyusheva; Helmut Freitag; Gerald E. Edwards (2002). "Proof of C4 photosynthesis without Kranz anatomy in Bienertia cycloptera (Chenopodiaceae)". The Plant Journal. 31 (5): 649–662. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313X.2002.01385.x. PMID 12207654.
Jump up ^ Akhani, Hossein; Barroca, João; Koteeva, Nuria; Voznesenskaya, Elena; Franceschi, Vincent; Edwards, Gerald; Ghaffari, Seyed Mahmood; Ziegler, Hubert (2005). "Bienertia sinuspersici (Chenopodiaceae): A New Species from Southwest Asia and Discovery of a Third Terrestrial C4 Plant Without Kranz Anatomy". Systematic Botany. 30 (2): 290–301. doi:10.1600/0363644054223684.
Jump up ^ Akhani, H; Chatrenoor, T; Dehghani, M; Khoshravesh, R; Mahdavi, P.; Matinzadeh, Z. (2012). "A new species of Bienertia (Chenopodiaceae) from Iranian salt deserts: a third species of the genus and discovery of a fourth terrestrial C4 plant without Kranz anatomy". Plant Biosystems. 146: 550–559. doi:10.1080/11263504.2012.662921.
Jump up ^ Holaday, A. S.; Bowes, G. (1980). "C4 Acid Metabolism and Dark CO2 Fixation in a Submersed Aquatic Macrophyte (Hydrilla verticillata)". Plant Physiology. 65 (2): 331–5. doi:10.1104/pp.65.2.331. PMC 440321  . PMID 16661184.
^ Jump up to: a b c Sage, Rowan; Russell Monson (1999). "7". C4 Plant Biology. pp. 228–229. ISBN 0-12-614440-0.
^ Jump up to: a b Sage, Rowan F. (2004-02-01). "The evolution of C4 photosynthesis". New Phytologist. 161 (2): 341–370. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.00974.x. ISSN 1469-8137.
Jump up ^ Williams BP, Johnston IG, Covshoff S, Hibberd JM (September 2013). "Phenotypic landscape inference reveals multiple evolutionary paths to C₄ photosynthesis". eLife. 2: e00961. doi:10.7554/eLife.00961. PMC 3786385  . PMID 24082995.
^ Jump up to: a b Osborne, C. P.; Beerling, D. J. (2006). "Nature's green revolution: the remarkable evolutionary rise of C4 plants". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 361 (1465): 173–194. doi:10.1098/rstb.2005.1737. PMC 1626541  . PMID 16553316.
Jump up ^ Edwards, E. J.; Smith, S. A. (2010). "Phylogenetic analyses reveal the shady history of C4 grasses". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (6): 2532–7. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.2532E. doi:10.1073/pnas.0909672107. PMC 2823882  . PMID 20142480.
^ Jump up to: a b Osborne, C. P.; Freckleton, R. P. (2009). "Ecological selection pressures for C4 photosynthesis in the grasses". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 276 (1663): 1753–60. doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.1762. PMC 2674487  . PMID 19324795.
Jump up ^ Bond, W. J.; Woodward, F. I.; Midgley, G. F. (2005). "The global distribution of ecosystems in a world without fire". New Phytologist. 165 (2): 525–538. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01252.x. PMID 15720663.
^ Jump up to: a b Kellogg, Elizabeth A. "C4 photosynthesis". Current Biology. 23 (14): R594–R599. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.04.066.
Jump up ^ Sage, Rowan F. (2016-07-01). "A portrait of the C4 photosynthetic family on the 50th anniversary of its discovery: species number, evolutionary lineages, and Hall of Fame". Journal of Experimental Botany. 67 (14): 4039–4056. doi:10.1093/jxb/erw156. ISSN 0022-0957. PMID 27053721.
Jump up ^ Sage, Rowan; Russell Monson (1999). "16". C4 Plant Biology. pp. 551–580. ISBN 0-12-614440-0.
Jump up ^ Zhu XG, Long SP, Ort DR (2008). "What is the maximum efficiency with which photosynthesis can convert solar energy into biomass?". Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 19 (2): 153–159. doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2008.02.004. PMID 18374559.
Jump up ^ Kadereit, G; Borsch, T; Weising, K; Freitag, H (2003). "Phylogeny of Amaranthaceae and Chenopodiaceae and the Evolution of C4 Photosynthesis". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 164 (6): 959–86. doi:10.1086/378649.
Jump up ^ Slewinski. "Scarecrow Plays a Role in Establishing Kranz Anatomy in Maize Leaves".
Jump up ^ Gilles van Kote (2012-01-24). "Researchers aim to flick the high-carbon switch on rice". The Guardian. Retrieved 2012-11-10.
Jump up ^ Von Caemmerer, S.; Quick, W. P.; Furbank, R. T. (2012). "The Development of C4 Rice: Current Progress and Future Challenges". Science. 336 (6089): 1671–1672. Bibcode:2012Sci...336.1671V. doi:10.1126/science.1220177. PMID 22745421.
Jump up ^ Hibberd, J. M.; Sheehy, J. E.; Langdale, J. A. (2008). "Using C4 photosynthesis to increase the yield of rice—rationale and feasibility". Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 11 (2): 228–231. doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2007.11.002. PMID 18203653.
Jump up ^ Munawan Hasan (2012-11-06). "C4 rice project gets financial boost". The News. Retrieved 2012-11-10.
External links[edit]
Khan Academy, video lecture
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F Is for Family
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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F Is for Family
F Is for Family promotional poster
Genre
Animated sitcom
Comedy-drama
Black Comedy
Satire
Created by
Bill Burr
Michael Price
Starring
Bill Burr
Laura Dern
Justin Long
Haley Reinhart
Debi Derryberry
Sam Rockwell
Opening theme
"Come and Get Your Love" by Redbone
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
2
No. of episodes
16 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Vince Vaughn
Peter Billingsley
Bill Burr
Michael Price
Katie O'Connell
Elisa Todd Ellis
Sidonie Dumas
Christophe Riandee
Producer(s)
Heath Kenny
Brian J. Cowan
Running time
25–28 minutes
Production company(s)
Wild West Television
Loner Productions
King of France Productions
Gaumont International Television
Gaumont Animation
Telegael Teoranta
Paramount Television
Distributor
Netflix
Release
Original network
Netflix
Original release
December 18, 2015 – present
External links
Website
F Is for Family is an American web animated sitcom[1] created by Bill Burr and Michael Price [2] and produced by Gaumont International Television and Vince Vaughn's Wild West Television.[2]
The show premiered on December 18, 2015 to generally favorable reviews.[3] Season 2 premiered May 30, 2017.[4] On June 28, 2017, the show was renewed for a third season.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Cast
1.1 Main
1.2 Co-starring
1.3 Recurring
2 Episodes
2.1 Season 1 (2015)
2.2 Season 2 (2017)
3 Production
4 Reception
5 Awards and nominations
6 References
7 External links
Cast[edit]
Main[edit]
Bill Burr as Francis X. "Frank" Murphy – Frank is a disillusioned, short-tempered, foul-mouthed, Irish-American, Korean War veteran and father of three who lives in the Great Lakes region of town during the mid-1970s. He is prone to angry, profane rants. As a parent, Frank often responds to his children with profanity and emotional abuse. The Murphy children often go out of their way to avoid upsetting their father. Frank works as a baggage handler at the local Mohican Airlines, and is promoted to management after his boss dies in a violent workplace accident. Frank is usually seen spending many hours in front of his television set while at home. Frank's favorite show is an action series called Colt Luger. Luger, an overweight middle-aged character who is portrayed as an unerringly victorious hero. When facing dire situations, Luger utters the phrase "Sometimes, a man's got to do...what a man does", much to Frank's excitement.
Laura Dern as Sue Murphy[2] – Frank's wife who is a housewife, and also sells Plast-a-Ware (a play on words of Tupperware.)
Justin Long as Kevin Murphy[1][2] – Frank's teenage son who is a juvenile delinquent and a struggling rock musician. Despite his rebellious personality, Kevin often shows signs of love and respect for his parents and a desire to better himself (although he rarely, if ever, follows through on the latter).
Haley Reinhart as Bill Murphy, Frank's younger son.[6][7] Bill tends to be shy and is skinny. He gets bullied frequently. Despite his seemingly weak persona, Bill can often let his anger get the best of him. He is 11 years old in the first season.[8]
Debi Derryberry as Maureen Murphy [2][9] – Frank's young daughter who he often refers to as "Princess". However, even though Frank sees Maureen as a princess, Maureen is an intelligent child and can be destructive like the rest of her family members. However, Maureen is smart enough to hide it. Despite her generally girly appearance, Maureen can act somewhat tomboyish at times, much to Frank's chagrin.
Sam Rockwell as Vic – Frank's wealthy, womanizing neighbor, who brags a lot. Frank loathes him for his playboy lifestyle, laid-back attitude and successful career.
Co-starring[edit]
Mo Collins as Jimmy, Vivian, Ben, Brandy, Ginny[10]
Trevor Devall as Red, Bolo, Mr. Goomer, Mr. Holtenwasser, others[11][12]
Phil Hendrie as Jim Jeffords, Colt Luger, others[13][14]
Recurring[edit]
Kevin Michael Richardson as Rosie, others
David Koechner as Robert "Bob Pogo" Pogrohvich, Frank's obese, chainsmoking boss.[15][16]
Kevin Farley as Babe, Carl, others[17]
Gary Cole as Rodger Dunbarton, the owner and founder of the airlines where Frank and his co-workers work.
Joe Buck as Lou Gagliardi, others[18]
John DiMaggio as Scoop Dunbarton, Roger Dunbarton's racist and moronic nephew.
Allison Janney as Henrietta Van Horne[19]
T.J. Miller as Randy
Michael K. Williams as Smoky
Episodes[edit]
Season
Episodes
Originally released
1 6 December 18, 2015 (2015-12-18)
2 10 May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
Season 1 (2015)[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date
Prod.
code
1
1 "The Bleedin' in Sweden" Benjamin Marsaud Story by : Bill Burr and Michael Price
Teleplay by : Michael Price December 18, 2015 (2015-12-18) 101
Frank is excited at the prospect of having the entire neighborhood over to watch an upcoming boxing match, but when Vic threatens to ruin his chances with his much more expensive and exciting television set, Frank overpromises that he has a color TV to convince the neighbors to come to his house instead. After he purchases one, Bill accidentally ruins it when he sticks a magnet on it as part of a school project. Frank initially believes that the store sold him a lemon and has an outburst in front of all the employees and customers when they refuse to give him a refund, embarrassing Sue. Bill eventually confesses, but after being gloated over by one of the store's employees when Frank and Sue take him to apologize, Bill uses his magnet to ruin every single television set in the store, and Frank gets refunded. At the end of the episode, the neighbors watch the match at Frank's house, while Vic watches it at his house "alone".
2
2 "Saturday Bloody Saturday" Laurent Nicolas David Richardson December 18, 2015 (2015-12-18) 102
After finding out that Kevin is failing nearly every single one of his classes, Frank takes him to his job at the airport, where he's recently been promoted after his former boss was decapitated in a violent work accident, to demonstrate to him the responsibilities of caring for a family. Frank is torn between his underpaid, hard-working co-workers who are contemplating a strike, and his employer, who worries a strike will shut down Mohican Airways for good. Although Kevin is initially unimpressed and spends most of the day hanging around with some pill-popping, underachieving airport staff, he realizes the difficulties of his father's job after he witnesses Frank being yelled at and insulted by an old woman, who accuses the airport of stealing her medication, and comes to appreciate how hard Frank works to put food on the table. Meanwhile, after his father puts him in charge of Maureen for the day, Bill struggles to keep her rebellious nature under wraps, while Sue begins to doubt her solitary role as a mother and wife.
3
3 "The Trough" Benjamin Marsaud Michael Price December 18, 2015 (2015-12-18) 103
Despite Kevin's promises to get back on track to improve his grades, Frank is outraged when he finds out that Kevin is still falling behind, and as a punishment, takes Bill to a football game where he was given corporate seats by the management at Mohican Airways, which Frank had initially promised Kevin to go to. While there, they meet Rodger Dunbarton, CEO at Mohican Airways, who speaks to Frank about talks of a strike and how he must no longer sympathize with his co-workers. On the drive home, their car breaks down, and they are rescued by Rosie, one of Frank's colleagues, but when Bill innocently reveals they had been given tickets to a football game and his father's conversation with Dunbarton, Frank faces a hostile situation at work. Meanwhile, Sue goes to the mall with Maureen, where she is accosted by a talkative friend, and Maureen learns of her mother's underwhelming home life during a surprise outburst. Kevin hangs out with friends and gets high, reminiscing of the loving relationship he and his father had when he was young.
4
4 "'F' is for Halloween" Laurent Nicolas Tom Gianas December 18, 2015 (2015-12-18) 104
On Halloween, Frank attempts to dissuade Sue from a promotion, leading to tensions between them; Bill is reluctant to trick-or-treat due to his fear of being bullied by school greaser Jimmy Fitzsimmons.
5
5 "Bill Murphy's Day Off" Benjamin Marsaud Emily Towers December 18, 2015 (2015-12-18) 105
Bill tries to hide his recent suspension while Frank earns the ire of his co-workers for befriending the aloof CEO of the airline. In addition, Frank struggles to make good on a promise to Kevin.
6
6 "O Holy Moly Night" Laurent Nicolas David Richardson December 18, 2015 (2015-12-18) 106
When Christmas comes near, Frank is desperate to remedy the hostility of his co-workers and his supervisors at the airport while the family dog is missing. Kevin starts his part-time job. Bill becomes an altar boy at the church and gets into trouble.
Season 2 (2017)[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date
Prod.
code
7
1 "Heavy Sledding" Romain Bounoure & Olivier Schramm Michael Price May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30) TBA
Three weeks after he got fired, Frank is still unemployed. On a snow day, Sue decides to take the family sledding to get them out of their slump.
8
2 "A Girl Named Sue" Romain Bounoure & Olivier Schramm David Richardson May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30) TBA
Frank's old boss, Bob Pogo, calls him to offer him a job, only for things to turn out bad for Frank. Meanwhile, Sue ponders a change in her life.
9
3 "The Liar's Club" Romain Bounoure & Olivier Schramm Bill Burr May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30) TBA
After bailing out of the unemployment office, Frank turns to Rosie's friend, Smokey, for a job, but not before helping Kevin move into the basement after he ditches school. Meanwhile, Sue gets a new job as a secretary, but is mistreated by the sexist heads of her company.
10
4 "Night Shift" Romain Bounoure & Olivier Schramm Emily Towers May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30) TBA
Frank gets a job as a stocking man courtesy of Smokey, consequently sleeping through the day and ignoring Sue and his family. All the while, Kevin and his band try to get a gig and Sue has an idea for a new Plast-a-Ware product.
11
5 "Breaking Bill" Romain Bounoure & Olivier Schramm Joe Heslinga May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30) TBA
After Frank learns that Kevin and his band are performing on a school night, his attempts at halting it cause intense tension between him and Kevin. Meanwhile, Bill, having received money from his job as a paperboy, tries to buy a hockey-stick for hockey tryouts, but a run-in with the local bully, Jimmy, pushes him over the edge. Also, when Sue pitches her idea, she still receives a lack of respect.
12
6 "This is Not Good" Romain Bounoure, Olivier Schramm & Mike Roberts Henry Gammill May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30) TBA
When Frank's new job includes a stop at the airport, he ends up in a predicament with Bob. Kevin tries to get a date with a 'haircut' girl, but due to erection problems, he bails and this attracts the attention of Vic's new girlfriend. Also, Bill begins to enjoy lifting his legs on the law, much to the concern of his friend Phillip.
13
7 "Fight Night" Romain Bounoure, Olivier Schramm & Mike Roberts Eric Goldberg & Peter Tibbals May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30) TBA
Frank and Sue's individual underhanded actions causes them to have a major fight on their anniversary when they're called into a meeting with Maureen's school teacher.
14
8 "F is for Fixing It" Romain Bounoure, Olivier Schramm & Mike Roberts Valeri Vaughn May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30) TBA
Frank and Sue try to deal with their marital problems; Kevin feels guilty for having sex with Vic's new girlfriend; and when Jimmy tried to make amends after he has been released from Catholic Military School, a fearful revelation from Phillip reveals Bill's part in sending him away, causing Jimmy to go back to his bullying ways.
15
9 "Pray Away" Romain Bounoure, Olivier Schramm & Mike Roberts Marc Wilmore May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30) TBA
Frank and Sue go to a couple's retreat to get help from a religious psychiatrist when their marriage begins to hit a snag, which only leads to a moment of truth between them. Meanwhile, Bill and his friends try to deal with a vengeful Jimmy, while Kevin is forced to deal with Vic when the latter finds out about his girlfriend's affair with Kevin.
16
10 "Landing the Plane" Romain Bounoure & Olivier Schramm Michael Price May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30) TBA
The day takes a traumatic turn for the Murphys when the founder of Plast-a-Wares takes credit for Sue's idea and Frank and his friends attempt to get rid of "Scoop," the mentally unstable new manager (Roger Dunbarton's nephew), which inadvertently causes them to be caught in the middle of a terrorist attack caused by a Black Panthers-esque band of domestic terrorists.
Production[edit]
The series was announced in October 2014 as part of a partnership between Netflix, Gaumont International Television, and Wild West Television.[20] The show is a "family comedy" based on the standup of Bill Burr.[21] Moreover, the show takes place in the 1970s, "a time when you could smack your kid, smoke inside, and bring a gun to the airport".[21] Burr voices the Murphy family patriarch, with Laura Dern as his wife, Justin Long as his eldest son, Debi Derryberry as his daughter Maureen, and Haley Reinhart as his young son.[6][7][21] The first season consists of six episodes, shown in a serial manner, written by Bill Burr and Michael Price.[22] Price is best known for his Emmy and Writers Guild award-winning work on The Simpsons.[22] The series is co-directed by Ben Marsaud (director of Counterfeit Cat & former storyboard artist on The Amazing World of Gumball).
Reception[edit]
The series has received generally positive reviews.[23] On Rotten Tomatoes the series holds a rating of 81% based on 15 reviews, with an average score of 7.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "While the humor relies on vulgarity, the strength of F Is for Family is its substantial heart."[24] On Metacritic, the series holds a score of 75 out of 100, based on 14 reviews, indicating "Generally favorable reviews".[25]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Nominee
Result
2017 69th Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance Mo Collins as Ginny, Jimmy Fitzsimmons, Lex, Ben, and Cutie Pie (Episode: Pray Away) Nominated
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "F is for Family: Original, Animated Series From Bill Burr Coming Exclusively to Netflix". PR Newswire. October 23, 2014. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Netflix Orders 'F Is for Family' Animated Comedy Series from Bill Burr". Variety. October 23, 2014. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "'F Is For Family' Gets December Premiere On Netflix". Deadline.com. November 6, 2015. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ "F Is for Family - Season 2 Date Announcement Teaser - Netflix". April 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Otterson, Joe (2017-06-28). "'F Is for Family' Renewed for Season 3 at Netflix". Variety. Retrieved 2017-06-28.
^ Jump up to: a b "'American Idol' Alum Haley Reinhart to Star in New Netflix Animated Series". Hollywood Reporter. December 12, 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "I will be making my VoiceOver debut..." Instagram.com. December 11, 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2015.
Jump up ^ "'F' is for Halloween". F is for Family. Season 1. Episode 4. 26 June 2017. Netflix.
Jump up ^ "That's the amazing @DebiDerryberry". Twitter.com. December 24, 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Mo voices Jimmy". Twitter.com. December 19, 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ "#FIsForFamily cast rollcall Part 5". Twitter.com. December 14, 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ "I love Mr. Goomer". Twitter.com. December 26, 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ "#FIsForFamily cast roll call". Twitter.com. December 12, 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ "In Bill Burr's New Netflix Series". Decider.com. December 24, 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ "I play this guy". Twitter.com. December 19, 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ "He's so so great as Bob Pogo". Twitter.com. December 23, 2015. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ "#FIsForFamily cast rollcall part 6". Twitter.com. December 15, 2015. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Who does Joe Buck voice". Twitter.com. December 22, 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ Perkins, Dennis (June 11, 2017). "F Is For Family knows that all family debts come due sometime". The A.V. Club. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Netflix Orders Bill Burr Cartoon 'F Is for Family'". Hollywood Reporter. October 23, 2014. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Netflix orders Bill Burr animated series F Is For Family". AV Club. October 23, 2014. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "'F is for Family' is the newest addition to Netflix's original shows". Digital Trends. October 23, 2014. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "F is for Family || Critica animada". CoolPop: criticas animadas, noticias y rumores sobre animacion. Retrieved 2017-03-03.
Jump up ^ "F is for Family: Season 1". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ "F is for Family – Season 1". Metacritic. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
External links[edit]
F Is for Family on Netflix
F Is for Family on IMDb
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You Are the Apple of My Eye
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For the song, see You're the Apple of My Eye.
You Are the Apple of My Eye
Hong Kong theatrical poster
Directed by
Giddens Ko
Produced by
Angie Chai
Adam Tsuei
Written by
Giddens Ko
Based on
The Girl We Chased Together in Those Years
by Giddens Ko
Starring
Kai Ko
Michelle Chen
Cinematography
Chou Yi-hsien
Production
company
Star Ritz Productions
Distributed by
20th Century Fox
Release date
25 June 2011 (2011-06-25) (Taipei Film Festival)
19 August 2011 (2011-08-19) (Taiwan)
Running time
110 minutes
Country
Taiwan
Language
Mandarin
Budget
NT$50 million (approx. US$1.7 million)[1]
Box office
US$24.5 million[2]
You Are the Apple of My Eye (Chinese: 那些年，我們一起追的女孩, literally "Those Years, The Girl We Went After Together") is a 2011 Taiwanese romance film. It is based on the semi-autobiographical novel of the same name by Taiwanese author Giddens Ko,[3] who also made his directorial debut with the film.[4] The film stars Ko Chen-tung as Ko Ching-teng, a prankster and a mischievous student who eventually becomes a writer.[5] Michelle Chen stars as Shen Chia-yi, an honor student who is very popular amongst the boys in her class.[5]
You Are the Apple of My Eye was filmed almost entirely on location in Changhua County, including at the high school which Giddens attended.[6] The lyrics of "Those Years", the film's main theme, were written by Giddens.[7] The song, which was well received by the public, was nominated for Best Original Film Song at the 48th Golden Horse Awards.[8]
The film's world premiere was at the 13th Taipei Film Festival on 25 June 2011,[9] and it was subsequently released in Taiwanese cinemas on 19 August.[10] Well received by film critics, the movie set box-office records in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore.[1][11] Ko Chen-tung won the Best New Performer award at the Golden Horse Awards for his role in the film.[12]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Casting
3.3 Filming
3.4 Theme song
3.5 Editing
4 Soundtrack
5 Release
6 Reception
6.1 Box office
6.2 Critical response
7 Accolades
8 Notes
9 References
10 External links
Plot[edit]
The story begins in 1994. An outstanding student, Shen Chia-yi, is popular among her teachers and classmates. Ko Ching-teng, a mischievous and poor student, claims that he has no interest in her, despite being her classmate since junior high school. One day, Ching-teng is caught masturbating during class, and the principal reseats him, placing him in front of Chia-yi.
One day, Chia-yi forgets her English textbook. Ching-teng slips her his own book and tells their teacher he forgot his own textbook; he then endures a long lecture and is punished. Chia-yi, touched by Ching-teng's generosity, prepares a practice exam for him in return, to encourage him to study. She also convinces him to stay after school to study with her. Their relationship grows, and Ching-teng's grades gradually improve.
On graduation, Ching-teng enrolls at the National Chiao Tung University. Chia-Yi, who did not do well on the admission exam because she was ill on that day, only manages to enter the National Taipei University of Education with her mediocre test results. Depressed and upset, she is consoled by Ching-teng, who calls her long-distance almost every night from the university. During the winter holiday season that year, the two go on their first "date", during which Ching-teng asks Chia-yi if she loves him. However, fearing she would say no, he decides that he would rather not hear her answer (it is revealed later that her reply would have been "yes"). Ching-teng later organizes a fight night and invites Chia-yi to watch, hoping to impress her with his "strength". On the contrary, Chia-yi finds it childish for Ching-teng to injure himself for no reason. This upsets Ching-teng, sparking a quarrel that causes the two to break up.
During the two years after their breakup, Ching-teng has no contact with Chia-yi. He qualifies for a graduate research course at Tunghai University, where he begins writing stories online. Ching-teng only regains contact with Chia-yi after the 921 earthquake, when he calls to see if she is okay. During their long conversation with each other, they both lament the fact that they were not fated to become a couple.
Years later, in 2005, Chia-yi suddenly calls Ching-teng to tell him that she is getting married. All of her old friends gather at the wedding, making jokes and trying to embarrass her somewhat-older husband. They are surprised that their past emotions have transformed into deep friendship and serenity. Ching-teng begins to work on a web novel about his experiences with Chia-yi.
Later, when they gather to congratulate the bride and groom, the friends joke that they should be able to kiss the bride. The husband says that anybody who wants to kiss the bride has to kiss him like that first. Ching-teng grabs the groom and pushes him onto the table, kissing him like he would kiss Chia-yi. During their kiss, he remembers how he regrets their fight from years ago, and what could have happened had he apologized for being childish.
Cast[edit]
Kai Ko as Ko Ching-teng[13] (nicknamed "Ko-teng"), a mischievous schoolboy who later becomes a writer (Ko Ching-teng is the real name of the director, Giddens).
Michelle Chen as Shen Chia-yi,[13] an outgoing student who consistently scores well in tests. Although she disdains boys less intelligent than herself, she decides to help Ching-teng improve his grades. In the process, she falls in love with him.
Owodog as Tsao Kuo-sheng[13] (nicknamed "Lao Tsao"), one of Ching-teng's friends. He had a crush on Chia-yi, and once asked Ching-teng to deliver a love letter he had written for her.
Steven Hao as Hsieh Ming-ho[13] (nicknamed "A-he"), one of Ching-teng's friends. He loves to eat, and is the butt of his friends' jokes due to this. He is the only person in the group who has dated Chia-yi.
Emerson Tsai as Liao Ying-hung,[13] one of Ching-teng's best friends. He likes to crack jokes and perform magic tricks, and later becomes a librarian.
Yen Sheng-yu as Hsu Bo-chun[13] (nicknamed "Boner"), one of Ching-teng's friends
Wan Wan as Hu Chia-wei,[13] Chia-yi's best friend. She likes to draw pictures, and after graduating from school becomes a manga artist known as "The Queen of Blogs".
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
You Are the Apple of My Eye is based on Giddens' semi-autobiographical novel of the same name.[14] He changed some details of the story to make the film more dramatic;[15] for example, Ching-teng and Chia-yi's fight actually took place over the phone, not in the rain as depicted.[16] Giddens said, "although some of the reasons for the events in the film were changed, the main storyline remained unchanged".[16] Asked if he was pressured by the recent success of Taiwanese films at the box office, he replied "No, I am more pressured by whether the film is nice to watch, whether it will succeed in the box office, and whether it will become an embarrassment for me. Also, if the film is not nice, it will be a letdown to Chen-tung and Michelle, who have been working so hard".[17]
At first, the film was on a tight budget;[18] Giddens used his entire savings and mortgaged his house to raise money,[18] saying that he did it to impress ex-girlfriend, who provided the inspiration for this film's female protagonist, Shen Chia-yi.[18] Executive producer Angie Chai also played a key role in raising money for the film.[18]
Casting[edit]
Michelle Chen was the first cast member confirmed by the director.[19] Mypaper reported that Giddens was attracted to her during their first meeting, saying that she resembled the real Shen Chia-yi.[16] Chen had previously starred in Taiwanese television drama series such as Why Why Love and Miss No Good, although she was better known for her 2009 film Hear Me.[16] Chen went on a diet to lose weight for the role,[16] saying she wished to "not disappoint the director".[16] Giddens later used her as a basis to select the other cast members.[19] The selection process for the male lead was the longest, and a series of auditions attracted several celebrities. Giddens chose first-time actor Ko Chen-tung because he felt he showed great improvement in his acting skills in each successive audition. Giddens liked his attitude, having seen Ko Chen-tung hiding in a corner, frantically studying the script just before his audition.[19]
The director chose Ao-chuan, Yen Sheng-yu, Hao Shao-wen, and Tsai Chang-hsien to play the roles of his high school friends.[13] He described Hao Shao-wen as being a persuasive speaker, Tsai Chang-hsien as being a very good prankster, and Ao-chuan as self-confident. Hu Chia-wei played herself as a teenager.[19][20] Giddens describes the two of them as "the Jay Chou and Jolin Tsai of the [Chinese] publishing world".[19]
Giddens' mother told him that she would like either Lotus Wang or Phoebe Huang to play her in the film. In the end, Giddens settled on Lotus Wang, because she did not have any other work commitments at that time. Ko Chen-tung's real father plays the father in the film.[19]
Filming[edit]
You Are the Apple of My Eye was primarily filmed at Ching Cheng High School (精誠中學), the school Giddens and Shen Chia-yi attended.[21] The director said he chose the school because "he wanted so badly to see Ko Chen-tung and Michelle Chen in the school uniform that he remembered vividly".[21] The filming of the school scenes could only be done during the Taiwanese school holidays.[21] Because the main location was at the school, it was decided to film the remainder of the film on location throughout Changhua County.[21] The filming had a reported budget of NT$50 million (approx. US$1.67M in January 2012).[1]
Theme song[edit]
"Childish" (孩子氣), a song from the film, was written and sung by Michelle Chen. Giddens was so touched by the song that he shed tears "on the spot" after first hearing it; in particular, he liked the song's lyrics. He also praised Michelle's dedication to her role, saying "I believe that the reason that she managed to get inspiration to write this song is because she likes her role [in this film]".[16]
Giddens was also involved in some of this film's theme songs, including "Those Years" (那些年).[7] At first Giddens could not decide on the closing theme for this film; however, after hearing one of Japanese composer Mitsutoshi Kimura's new compositions he chose it and added lyrics.[7] "The Lonely Caffeine" (寂寞的咖啡因) had been composed by Giddens for Shen Chia-Yi when the two were in a relationship.[22] He asked the male lead actor to sing the song in the film, because he felt this would convey the song's original meaning.[22]
"Those Years" was an instant hit.[7] The music video on YouTube logged its ten millionth viewer on 11 November 2011, leading Giddens to note that the song "broke every notable viewership record set by a Chinese-language video on Youtube".[7] In the Taiwanese KKBOX singles daily charts, "Those Years" remained at the top for 64 consecutive days, from 22 August to 22 October 2011,[7] breaking the previous record of 45 consecutive days.[7] The song was nominated for the Best Original Film Soundtrack award at the 48th Golden Horse Awards.[23]
Editing[edit]
You Are the Apple of My Eye was edited over for its various releases due to its controversial content. In Taiwan, the film was initially given a "Restricted" film classification.[24] Giddens was extremely upset by this, and even personally went to Government Information Office to appeal.[24] The film had to be edited 4 times in order to lower its classification.[24] In the end, the film received a "Guidance" classification, meaning that children above 12 are able to watch it.[24] In Malaysia, the scene where the students masturbated in the classroom was deleted.[25] In Singapore, the film remained unedited, but it received a NC-16 rating, thus restricting the film to viewers above 16.[25]
The film was heavily edited for its Mainland China release.[25] The scene where a flag-raising ceremony was taking place was edited away, as were the scenes involving masturbation.[25] In total, six scenes involving "negative sexual and pro-Taiwan content" were either edited away or changed.[25][26] The director also had to add new scenes in order to make the story flow more smoothly after editing.[25]
Soundtrack[edit]
You Are the Apple of My Eye Original Soundtrack
Soundtrack album by various artists
Released
5 August 2011
Label
Sony Music Entertainment Taiwan
The original soundtrack album for You Are the Apple of My Eye was released by Sony Music Entertainment Taiwan on 5 August 2011. It contains six songs with vocals and nine instrumental pieces that were used in this film.[citation needed]
CD
No.
Title
Lyrics
Music
Length
1. "Blue Dot on the Uniform" (制服上的藍點) 0:40
2. "Never Turning Back" (永遠不回頭) 4:15
3. "Jerking off" (打手槍) 1:04
4. "Love Syndrome" (戀愛症候群) Huang Su-jun 7:23
5. "That Girl's Ponytail" (女孩的馬尾) 1:13
6. "The Final Spray" (最後的浪花) 1:41
7. "Everybody's Own Wings" (各自的翅膀) 1:43
8. "Childish" (孩子氣) Michelle Chen Michelle Chen 4:15
9. "The Free-Fighting Match that is Dedicated to You" (獻給妳的格鬥賽) 2:17
10. "Stupid" (笨蛋) 1:36
11. "The Lonely Caffeine" (寂寞的咖啡因) Giddens Ko Ko Chen-tung 4:41
12. "My Youth Without You" (沒有你的青春) 1:26
13. "Seeing You in the Crowd" (人海中遇見你) Yin Cheng-yang (rewrite) Lin Yu-chun 3:54
14. "Those Years" (那些年) Giddens Ko Hu Xia 6:13
15. "Memories" (迴憶) 1:32
DVD
No.
Title
Length
1. "You Are the Apple of My Eye Behind the Scenes Footage" 60:00
2. "You Are the Apple of My Eye Trailer"
3. "You Are the Apple of My Eye Trailer (Romantic Version)"
Release[edit]
You Are the Apple of My Eye made its debut in competition at the 13th Taipei Film Festival on 25 June 2011.[9] The film made its international debut as the opening film for the sixth Summer International Film Festival in Hong Kong.[27] It then had its general release in Taiwan on 19 August 2011.[10]
The film was screened at the 24th Tokyo International Film Festival on 24 October 2011, where the director and cast were present. It was well-received, with audiences reportedly squeezing into the cinema to the extent that people had to sit in the aisles.[28] Internationally, the film was released in Hong Kong and Macau on 20 October[29][30] and in Singapore and Malaysia on 10 November 2011.[5][31]
On 21 December, Giddens announced on his blog that the film passed the censorship board in China and would debut in that country on 6 January 2012.[32] Giddens had previously expressed a wish for the film to be screened in China so Shen Chia-Yi, for whom he had made the film, could see it and comment.[32] Giddens was unhappy when Chinese censors cut much of the film's "negative sexual and pro-Taiwan content".[26] He apologized to viewers in China for being unable to deliver on his promise to show the full story, saying that he "blamed only himself".[26][33] He added that he "did not think that the China's version was better [than the other overseas versions]."[26]
Giddens revealed that negotiations were ongoing for the film's release in Europe and the United States.[34] The film subsequently made its North American debut at the New York Asian Film Festival on 2 July 2012.[35] It was later screened at the 2012 Fantasia Film Festival in Montreal.[36] Giddens also announced that a sequel will be produced;[37] it will begin production in 2013, and is expected to be released in cinemas in 2014.[37]
You Are the Apple of My Eye was first aired on television on 24 March 2012 on the STAR Chinese Movies network.[38] It became the most-watched film on television in Taiwan, having attracted an audience of almost 3 million people.[38] In the 15 to 44 years old audience, it had an average rating of 7.14, with the rating peaking at 9.27 during the screening.[38] It was also the most-watched television program on both cable and free-to-air networks in Taiwan.[38] STAR Chinese Movies reportedly purchased the rights to this film at a hefty price of NT$2 million (approx. US$69,000).[38]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
You Are the Apple of My Eye grossed more than NT$$20 million at the Taiwanese box office during its soft launch.[3] This makes it the first Taiwanese film to gross over NT$$20 million before its official release date.[3] The film crossed the NT$200 million mark ten days after its official opening.[39] In total, the film earned over NT$420 million at the Taiwanese box office,[40] making it the third-highest-grossing film of 2011 in Taiwan.[41]
In Hong Kong, You Are the Apple of My Eye grossed a total of HK$1,397,571 during its premiere (representing 50.6 percent of Hong Kong box-office earnings) on 20 October 2011.[39] Four days after its release the film had earned a total of HK$11,525,621, breaking the record for the highest-grossing film debuting in the month of October.[30][39][a] It also set a record for the highest-grossing opening weekend for a Taiwanese film at the Hong Kong box office, previously held by Lust, Caution in 2007 with a gross of $11,441,946.[30] The film recorded the highest Hong Kong opening-four-day attendance in 2011 with 211,163 attending, breaking 3D Sex and Zen: Extreme Ecstasy's previous record of 143,222.[30] The film also has the highest four-day gross of a 2D film in 2011,[30] and remained the highest-grossing film in Hong Kong cinemas for four consecutive weekends.[42] During the final hours of 2011, it was announced that You Are the Apple of My Eye had grossed over HK$61.28 million, making it the all-time highest-grossing Taiwanese film at the Hong Kong box office.[41] [b] At the Macau box office, You Are the Apple of My Eye earned more than HK$100,000 in its opening weekend, with nearly 100-percent attendance.[30]
In Singapore You Are the Apple of My Eye earned a total of SGD$675,000, making it the second-highest-grossing film in Singapore that weekend[11] despite the film's NC-16 rating (which meant that only viewers over age 16 were admitted); this surprised the film's distributor, 20th Century Fox.[11] The film broke the record for highest opening weekend for a Taiwanese film in Singapore, previously held by the 2007 film Secret.[11] It surpassed the performance of other Taiwanese films such as Monga, Cape No. 7 and Lust, Caution.[11] You Are the Apple of My Eye was the highest-grossing Asian film of 2011 at the Singapore box office, with earnings of SGD$2.93 million.[43]
At China box office, You Are the Apple of My Eye became the most popular Taiwanese film, surpassing the previous record set by Cape No. 7 in 2008.[44] It was the third-highest-earning film on its debut weekend, grossing about 27 million yuan.[44] The film subsequently crossed the 50-million-yuan-gross mark on 13 January 2012.[45]
Critical response[edit]
Maggie Lee of The Hollywood Reporter described the film as a "larky retro coming-of-age confection".[14] She praised the film, saying that it "injects a fresh, tart edge to the genre with a constantly self-mocking boys' angle", which she described as an "alternative to Asian teen movies that tend to be syrupy".[14] She said that "the youthful cast has a limited register but offer enough self-conscious blasé posing."[14] She described the film's texture as "slightly over-bright".[14] Russell Edwards, reviewing for Variety, criticized the second part of this film, which he says is "unable to maintain the outlandish phallocentric humor of its first hour".[46] He further criticized the last quarter of the film, which Edwards says "sees Giddens overestimating the charm of his own story".[46] Edwards praised the film's cast which, he said, were the film's "greatest asset".[46] He also praised the film as "a much more robust production than many similar youth-skewing Taiwanese romancers over the past decade".[46]
Serene Lim, a reviewer for Today, labelled the film a "gentle tale of a teenage romance".[47] She said that "Ko's talents as a novelist are evident", although his "attention to detail can get indulgently long-winded at times".[47] Lim singled out Ko Chen-tung for praise, saying that "[he] thoroughly deserves his Golden Horse nomination for Best Newcomer, given his turn as the impetuous rebel made good"; overall, she gave the film a rating of 3.5 out of 5.[47] Yong Shu Hoong, writing for Singapore-based Mypaper, said that the "flashback sequences can reek of oversentimentality", although the reviewer added that "the thrills, rivalries and heartbreak associated with high school romance are well depicted with nostalgia and humour" and gave it a rating of 3 out of 5.[48] The film was rated by Mtimes Movies as the "2nd Best Chinese Film of 2011".[49]
Film Business Asia gave the film a rating of 7/10, with Derek Elley describing it as "a confident feature" and "slickly packaged in every department", the latter making it "easy to miss the fact there's nothing at all original here".[20] He praised the cast as "well-chosen individually and relaxed as an ensemble".[20] He added, "apart from a slightly draggy second half, the material sustains itself at almost two hours, with generally trim editing by co-executive director Liao."[20] He concluded by summarizing the film's plot as a "simple teenage rom-com, a will-they/won't-they between two opposites, but capped by a neat finale that does deliver some real emotion".[20]
Accolades[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Result
Recipient
2011 13th Taipei Film Awards Audience Award Won You Are the Apple of My Eye[23]
48th Golden Horse Awards Best Actress Nominated Michelle Chen[8]
Also for the film Tempest of First Love
Best New Performer Won Ko Chen-tung[12]
Best New Director Nominated Giddens Ko[8]
Best Original Film Song Nominated Those Years (那些年)[8]
2012 6th Asian Film Awards Best Actress Nominated Michelle Chen[8]
Best Newcomer Nominated Ko Chen-tung[8]
People's Choice Award for Favorite Actress Nominated Michelle Chen[8]
31st Hong Kong Film Awards Best Film from China and Taiwan Won You are the Apple of My Eye[50]
12th Chinese Film Media Awards Best New Director Won Giddens Ko[51]
Best New Actor Won Ko Chen-tung[51]
Most Anticipated Film Won You Are the Apple of My Eye[51]
Most-watched Actress Nominated Michelle Chen[52]
Most Anticipated Performance Won Michelle Chen[51]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ The previous record was set in 2003 by Infernal Affairs II, which earned HK$8,941,266.[39]
Jump up ^ The record was previously held by the 2004 film Kung Fu Hustle.[41]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "You Are The Apple Of My Eye a breakout hit". The Straits Times. Singapore. 2011-11-09. p. C4. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "You Are the Apple of My Eye Box Office Gross". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2011-11-13.
^ Jump up to: a b c Ho Yi (2011-08-19). "Movie review: You are the Apple of My Eye 那些年，我們一起追的女孩". The Taipei Times. Archived from the original on 9 August 2012. Retrieved 2011-10-25.
Jump up ^ Marsh, James (2011-10-21). "CHINA BEAT: How d'you like them apples?". Twitch Film. Retrieved 2011-10-22.
^ Jump up to: a b c "You Are The Apple Of My Eye". SingTel Digital Media Pte Ltd. Retrieved 2011-10-25.
Jump up ^ "Part 6: Changhua, The Apple of My Eye". Gwendolyn Ng, Mypaper. Archived from the original on 10 August 2012. Retrieved 2012-08-10.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g 《那些年》主題曲爆紅 主唱胡夏解讀創作稱奇妙. SINA Corporation (in Chinese). 2011-11-15. Archived from the original on 9 August 2012. Retrieved 2012-07-17.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g 第48届金马奖报名截止 古天乐舒淇力争影帝后. mtime Movies (in Chinese). 2011-08-13. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
^ Jump up to: a b "Film Intro: You Are the Apple of My Eye". Taipei Film Festival Committee. Retrieved 2011-10-26.
^ Jump up to: a b "那些年，我們一起追的女孩 on Yahoo! Taiwan movies". Yahoo! Taiwan (in Chinese). Retrieved 2011-10-26.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e 王英敏 (2011-11-16). 《那些年》本地票房冲向百万. My Paper (in Chinese). Singapore. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
^ Jump up to: a b 第48届金马奖完全获奖名单. mtime Movies (in Chinese). 2011-11-26. Archived from the original on 9 August 2012. Retrieved 2011-11-28.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h 那些年，我們一起追的女孩: 演員介紹. @movies (in Chinese). Retrieved 2011-10-29.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Lee, Maggie (2011-09-21). "You Are the Apple of My Eye: Film Review". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2011-10-22.
Jump up ^ 郑净友 (2011-11-02). 为戏剧效果戏剧效果虚构情节. My Paper (in Chinese). Singapore. p. 9. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g 郑净友 (2011-11-02). 陈妍希追求完美 [Michelle Chen aims for Perfection]. My Paper (in Chinese). Singapore. p. 9. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ 郑净友 (2011-11-02). 九把刀为青春"加油"加油加醋". My Paper (in Chinese). Singapore. p. 9. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
^ Jump up to: a b c d 专访《那些年》导演九把刀：人生就是不停地战斗. mtime movies (in Chinese). 2011-11-10. Retrieved 2011-01-13.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f 那些年，我們一起追的女孩:　關於選角. @movies (in Chinese). Retrieved 2011-12-02.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "You Are the Apple of My Eye". Film Business Asia. 2011-10-05. Retrieved 2011-11-29.
^ Jump up to: a b c d 那些年，我們一起追的女孩: 關於場景. @movie (in Chinese). Retrieved 2011-01-03.
^ Jump up to: a b 那些年，我們一起追的女孩: 關於電影歌曲. @movie (in Chinese). Retrieved 2011-12-02.
^ Jump up to: a b 台北电影节青年导演竞赛 九把刀获观众票选奖. mtime Movies (in Chinese). 2011-07-01. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
^ Jump up to: a b c d 《那些年，我們一起追的女孩》以輔導級過關. Kingnet (in Chinese). 2011-07-11. Archived from the original on 12 November 2012. Retrieved 2012-11-12.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f 去影院看《那些年》吧，虽然可能———大陆版107分钟=删减6处+添加素材. Southern Metropolis Daily (in Chinese). 2011-12-27. Archived from the original on 12 November 2012. Retrieved 2012-11-12.
^ Jump up to: a b c d 九把刀：负面能量被剪掉了. Lianhe Zaobao (in Chinese). Singapore. 2012-01-11. p. 10. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Chu, Karen (2011-07-25). "Taiwan Director Becomes the 'Apple' of Hong Kong Summer Fest's Eye". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2011-11-28.
Jump up ^ "Taiwanese blockbuster hits Tokyo International Film Festival". The China Post. 2011-10-25. Retrieved 2011-11-28.
Jump up ^ 《那些年，我们一起追的女孩》的上映/发行日期. mtime movies (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 3 September 2012. Retrieved 2012-08-08.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f 《那些年，我們一起追的女孩》香港4日狂收$1150萬破《無間道2》8年紀錄. Ming Pao Daily News (in Chinese). 2011-10-25. Archived from the original on 9 August 2012. Retrieved 2011-10-27.
Jump up ^ "Movie: You Are The Apple Of My Eye". Cinema Online. Retrieved 2011-10-27.
^ Jump up to: a b "那些年"1月6日大陆上映 纯爱镜头删减留悬念. 东方早报 (in Chinese). mtime movies. 2011-12-21. Retrieved 2011-12-26.
Jump up ^ 《那些年》小说发内地版 九把刀借电影说抱歉. 京华时报 (in Chinese). mtime movies. 2012-01-12. Retrieved 2012-02-13.
Jump up ^ "Taiwan films reach out to Asia and beyond". AsiaOne Showbiz. 2011-11-27. Retrieved 2012-07-14.
Jump up ^ Marsh, James (2012-07-02). "NYAFF 2012 Review: YOU ARE THE APPLE OF MY EYE, A Crisp Coming-of-age Comedy". Twitch Film. Retrieved 2012-08-10.
Jump up ^ Ferguson, Liz (2012-08-04). "Fantasia 2012: You Are the Apple of My Eye – film from Taiwan is rude yet sweet, totally hilarious". Montreal Gazette. Retrieved 2012-08-10.
^ Jump up to: a b "《那些年》将拍续集 九把刀计划今年编写剧本". mtime movies. 2011-02-02. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e ""那些年"荧屏继续神勇 首播创台片收视纪录". mtime movies. 2012-03-27. Retrieved 2012-11-12.
^ Jump up to: a b c d 香港開畫收139萬稱冠 《那些年，我們一起追的女孩》. Ming Pao (in Chinese). Ming Pao. 2011-10-22. Archived from the original on 9 August 2012. Retrieved 2011-10-27.
Jump up ^ 王英敏 (2011-11-16). 登港最卖座台片. My Paper (in Chinese). Singapore. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
^ Jump up to: a b c 《那些年》香港票房超《功夫》 成华语片最高. mtime Movies (in Chinese). 2012-01-01. Retrieved 2011-01-03.
Jump up ^ "Breakdown of You Are the Apple of My Eye Hong Kong gross". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2011-11-29.
Jump up ^ Chan, Boon (2011-01-11). "Movie sequels rules the box office here". The Straits Times. Singapore. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
^ Jump up to: a b 《金陵十三钗》内地四连冠 《那些年》获季军. mtime Movies (in Chinese). 2012-01-10. Retrieved 2011-01-16.
Jump up ^ "那些年"票房破5000万 九把刀携主演答谢媒体. mtime Movies (in Chinese). 2012-01-15. Retrieved 2011-01-16.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Edwards, Russell (2011-10-26). "Review: You Are the Apple of My Eye". Variety. Retrieved 2011-01-03.
^ Jump up to: a b c Lim, Serene (2011-11-09). "Movie Review: You Are The Apple Of My Eye / NC16, 110min". Today. Retrieved 2011-11-28. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Yong Shu Hoong (2011-11-10). "Movie Review: You Are The Apple Of My Eye". Mypaper. Retrieved 2011-11-28.
Jump up ^ 2011时光网年度大赏 之 十大华语佳片. mtime Movies (in Chinese). 2012-01-13. Retrieved 2012-02-13.
Jump up ^ "Taiwanese teen romance wins at HK Film Award". The China Post. 2012-04-17. Retrieved 2012-04-17.
^ Jump up to: a b c d 华语传媒大奖揭晓 "夺命金""那些年"分获四奖. mtime Movies (in Chinese). 2012-05-31. Retrieved 2012-11-12.
Jump up ^ 华语电影传媒大奖提名出炉 《夺命金》八项领跑. mtime Movies (in Chinese). 2012-04-11. Retrieved 2012-11-12.
External links[edit]
You Are the Apple of My Eye on IMDb
You Are the Apple of My Eye at Rotten Tomatoes
You Are the Apple of My Eye's channel on YouTube (in Taiwanese Mandarin)
[show]
v
t
e
Giddens Ko
Films directed
You Are the Apple of My Eye (2011)
Mon Mon Mon Monsters (2017)
Films written
You Are the Apple of My Eye (2011)
Café. Waiting. Love (2014)
The Tenants Downstairs (2016)
Mon Mon Mon Monsters (2017)
Films produced
Café. Waiting. Love (2014)
Mon Mon Mon Monsters (2017)
[show]
v
t
e
Hong Kong Film Award for Best Film from Mainland and Taiwan
You Are the Apple of My Eye (2012)
Back to 1942 (2013)
So Young (2014)
Coming Home (2015)
The Assassin (2016)
Godspeed (2017)
The Great Buddha + (2018)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=You_Are_the_Apple_of_My_Eye&oldid=836202258"
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