text:
This Is the House That Jack Built
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For other uses, see The House That Jack Built (disambiguation).
"This Is the House That Jack Built"
Randolph Caldecott illustration from The complete collection of pictures & songs, published 1887 (digitally restored)
Nursery rhyme
Published
1755
"This Is the House That Jack Built" is a popular British nursery rhyme and cumulative tale. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 20584. It is Aarne–Thompson type 2035.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Lyrics
2 Narrative technique
3 Origins
4 Syntactic structure
5 References in popular culture
5.1 In literature and journalism
5.2 In politics
5.3 In television and film
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Lyrics[edit]
This is perhaps the most common set of modern lyrics:
This is the house that Jack built.
This is the malt that lay in the house that Jack built.
This is the rat that ate the malt
That lay in the house that Jack built.
This is the cat that killed the rat
That ate the malt that lay in the house that Jack built.
This is the dog that worried the cat
That killed the rat that ate the malt
That lay in the house that Jack built.
This is the cow with the crumpled horn
That tossed the dog that worried the cat
That killed the rat that ate the malt
That lay in the house that Jack built.
This is the maiden all forlorn
That milked the cow with the crumpled horn
That tossed the dog that worried the cat
That killed the rat that ate the malt
That lay in the house that Jack built.
This is the man all tattered and torn
That kissed the maiden all forlorn
That milked the cow with the crumpled horn
That tossed the dog that worried the cat
That killed the rat that ate the malt
That lay in the house that Jack built.
This is the judge all shaven and shorn
That married the man all tattered and torn
That kissed the maiden all forlorn
That milked the cow with the crumpled horn
That tossed the dog that worried the cat
That killed the rat that ate the malt
That lay in the house that Jack built.
This is the rooster that crowed in the morn
That woke the judge all shaven and shorn
That married the man all tattered and torn
That kissed the maiden all forlorn
That milked the cow with the crumpled horn
That tossed the dog that worried the cat
That killed the rat that ate the malt
That lay in the house that Jack built.
This is the farmer sowing his corn
That kept the rooster that crowed in the morn
That woke the judge all shaven and shorn
That married the man all tattered and torn
That kissed the maiden all forlorn
That milked the cow with the crumpled horn
That tossed the dog that worried the cat
That killed the rat that ate the malt
That lay in the house that Jack built.
This is the horse and the hound and the horn
That belonged to the farmer sowing his corn
That kept the rooster that crowed in the morn
That woke the judge all shaven and shorn
That married the man all tattered and torn
That kissed the maiden all forlorn
That milked the cow with the crumpled horn
That tossed the dog that worried the cat
That killed the rat that ate the malt
That lay in the house that Jack built.
Some versions use "cheese" instead of "malt", "priest" instead of "judge", "cock" instead of "rooster", the older past tense form "crew" instead of "crowed", or "chased" in place of "killed". Also in some versions the horse, the hound, and the horn are left out and the rhyme ends with the farmer.
Narrative technique[edit]
This Is the House That Jack Built illustrated by Randolph Caldecott
It is a cumulative tale that does not tell the story of Jack's house, or even of Jack who built the house, but instead shows how the house is indirectly linked to other things and people, and through this method tells the story of "The man all tattered and torn", and the "Maiden all forlorn", as well as other smaller events, showing how these are interlinked.
Origins[edit]
It has been argued that the rhyme is derived from an Aramaic hymn Chad Gadya (lit., "One Young Goat") in Sepher Haggadah, first printed in 1590; but although this is an early cumulative tale that may have inspired the form, the lyrics bear little relationship.[2] It was suggested by James Orchard Halliwell that the reference to the "priest all shaven and shorn" indicates that the English version is probably very old, presumably as far back as the mid-sixteenth century.[3][4] There is a possible reference to the song in The Boston New Letter of 12 April 1739 and the line: "This is the man all forlorn, &c". However, it did not appear in print until it was included in Nurse Truelove's New-Year's-Gift, or the Book of Books for Children, printed in London in 1755.[5] It was printed in numerous collections in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.[2] Randolph Caldecott produced an illustrated version in 1878.
Cherrington Manor, a handsome timber-framed house in North East Shropshire, England, is reputed to be the actual house that Jack built. There is a former malt house in the grounds.[6]
Syntactic structure[edit]
Each sentence in the story is an example of an increasingly deeply nested relative clause. The last version, "This is the horse...", would be quite difficult to untangle if the previous ones were not present. See the Noun Phrase for more details about postmodification of the noun phrase in this manner.
References in popular culture[edit]
Illustration by Walter Crane
This section indiscriminately collects miscellaneous information. Please compress this material to remove any irrelevant or unimportant information. (March 2017)
The rhyme continues to be a popular choice for illustrated children's books, with recent examples by Simms Taback[7] and Quentin Blake[8] showing how illustrators can introduce a fresh angle and humour into a familiar tale. The popularity of the rhyme can be seen in its use in a variety of other cultural contexts, including:
In literature and journalism[edit]
Samuel Taylor Coleridge used it as the basis of a self-parody published in 1797 under the name Nehemiah Higginbotham. This was one of three sonnets, the other two parodying Charles Lamb and Charles Lloyd. Beginning "And this reft house is that the which he built / Lamented Jack! And here his malt he piled / Cautious in vain!" it piled together phrases from Coleridge's serious work put to ludicrous use.
The poem "Château Jackson" by Irish poet Louis MacNeice, in The Burning Perch collection, is a reinterpretation based on the same cumulative process. It starts with "Where is the Jack that built the house".
The news stories in 2006 about the shady dealings of lobbyist Jack Abramoff led to editorials about "the house that Jack built".[9]
In the graphic novel From Hell by Alan Moore, Inspector Frederick Abberline refers to his house as "the house Jack built" noting the role of Jack the Ripper in financing his home.
Mystery author Ed McBain published one of his "Matthew Hope" novels with the name The House that Jack Built in 1988. Practically every character had a corresponding counterpart to one in the original poem — an unpleasant heavyset older woman with a faulty hearing aid represented "the cow with the crumpled horn," for example.
One of the rhymes remembered by Mr Charrington in George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four.
Mentioned in A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens ("A Hand at Cards", Book the Third, Ch. VIII)
An unflattering 1819 caricature of the Prince Regent by George Cruikshank, illustrating "The Political House that Jack Built".
In politics[edit]
One of the "Political Miscellanies" associated with the Rolliad, an eighteenth-century British satire, was "This Is the House That George Built", referring to George Nugent Grenville, Marquess of Buckingham, who had briefly supported William Pitt the Younger into government before resigning from office. The parody is attributed to Joseph Richardson.[10]
Thomas Jefferson, prior to serving as President, first used it to criticize the broad construction approach of the Necessary and Proper Clause of the U.S. Constitution with respect to a bill to grant a federal charter to a mining company. The term was used to suggest that the expansion of federal powers under these arguments would give the federal government infinite powers. "Congress are authorized to defend the nation. Ships are necessary for defense; copper is necessary for ships; mines, necessary for copper; a company necessary to work the mines; and who can doubt this reasoning who has ever played at 'This is the House that Jack Built'? Under such a process of filiation of necessities the sweeping clause makes clean work."
A British Radical satire, published in 1819 in response to public outrage over the Peterloo Massacre, was "The Political House That Jack Built," written by William Hone and illustrated by George Cruikshank.[11]
In 1863, David Claypoole Johnston published a cartoon "The House that Jeff Built", a satirical denunciation of Jefferson Davis, slavery, and the Confederacy.[12]
During The Great War, British Propaganda promoted the following version of the rhyme:
This is the house that Jack built.
This is the bomb that fell on the house that Jack built.
This is the Hun who dropped the bomb that fell on the house that Jack built.
This is the gun that killed the Hun who dropped the bomb that fell on the house that Jack built.
In television and film[edit]
A 1967 animated short The House That Jack Built was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film.[13]
The climax of the first adventure of the British fantasy series Sapphire & Steel hinged on the recitation of the rhyme.[14]
In Lars von Trier's The Element of Crime the prostitute Kim tells the poem to a child. Both are being kept in a cage at Frau Gerdas Whorehouse in Halbestadt.
In “The Avengers”, the title of an episode (series 4 - episode 23) : Mrs. Peel inherited an old house from an uncle Jack, Who did not exist. The house is a former asylum and a ruse by a ex-employee to submit her to mind games which will drive her insane.
The rhyme was referenced in the classic Doctor Who serial The Seeds of Doom by the Fourth Doctor and companion Sarah Jane Smith to mock the villains who were trying to force information out of them.
The rhyme was referenced in “Roots (2017)”by the character Tom Lea, during a scene in which Kizzy Kinte, son of main character Kunta Kinte, is molested. Lea refers to Kizzy several times as “maiden, all forlorn.”
See also[edit]
Children's literature portal
Cumulative song
Chad Gadya
The Twelve Days of Christmas (song)
There Was an Old Lady Who Swallowed a Fly
References[edit]
Jump up ^ D. L. Ashliman, The House That Jack Built: an English nursery rhyme of folktale type 2035
^ Jump up to: a b I. Opie and P. Opie, The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes (Oxford University Press, 1951, 2nd edn., 1997), pp. 229-32.
Jump up ^ James Orchard Halliwell-Phillipps, Popular Rhymes and Nursery Tales: A Sequel to the Nursery Rhymes of England, p. 6. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
Jump up ^ English Translation of Hebrew source. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
Jump up ^ William S. Baring-Gould and Ceil Baring-Gould, The Annotated Mother Goose (New York, 1962), p. 25.
Jump up ^ Twinkletrax Children's Songs.
Jump up ^ Taback, Simms (2004). This is the house that Jack built (null ed.). New York: Puffin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-240200-9.
Jump up ^ Blake, John Yeoman; illustrated by Quentin (1996). The do-it-yourself house that Jack built (null ed.). London: Puffin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-055323-9.
Jump up ^ Reynolds, Paul (4 January 2006). "The hum you hear is from lobbyists". BBC News. Retrieved 2006-06-05.
Jump up ^ "Project Gutenberg".
Jump up ^ Marcus Wood, Radical Satire and Print Culture 1790 - 1822, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994, ISBN 0-19-811278-5
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ Tunis, Ron (1967). "The House That Jack Built". National Film Board of Canada. Retrieved 2009-06-09.
Jump up ^ "Sapphire and Steel - The TV Series". h2g2 The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy: Earth Edition. Retrieved 2016-08-26.
External links[edit]
The House That Jack Built ~ Photographs of Advertising from 1897 for Dr. J. C. Ayer & Co
The House That Jack Built Resources on the Web
"Lyrics, Origins and History of 'The House That Jack Built'". Anthology of Kid's Songs, Lullabies and Nursery Rhymes. TwinkleTrax Children's Songs. 2011. Retrieved 30 April 2011.
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text:
Sports in St. Louis
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The city of St. Louis, Missouri, in the United States is home to a number of professional and collegiate sports teams. The Sporting News rated St. Louis the nation's "Best Sports City" in 2000.[1] and The Wall Street Journal named it the best sports city in 2015.[2]
St. Louis has two major league sports teams. The St. Louis Cardinals, one of the oldest franchises in Major League Baseball (MLB), have won 11 World Series; one played against the old cross-city rival St. Louis Browns in 1944. The Cardinals' 11 titles are second only to the New York Yankees' 27.[3] The St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League (NHL) appeared in three Stanley Cup finals from 1968 to 1970, and made 25 consecutive playoff appearances from 1979–80 to 2003–04.[4]
A view of Busch Stadium from the top of the Gateway Arch
St. Louis also has an extensive history in soccer, contributing at least one participant to each FIFA World Cup contested by the United States men's team. The city is also the birthplace of corkball.
Contents
[hide]
1 Major league teams
2 Baseball
3 Football
4 Ice hockey
5 Basketball
6 Soccer
7 Corkball
8 Individual sports
9 College sports
10 Minor league teams
11 Former teams
12 References
Major league teams[edit]
Team
Sport
League
Established
Venue
Championships
St. Louis Cardinals Baseball Major League Baseball 1882 Busch Stadium 11
St. Louis Blues Hockey National Hockey League 1967 Scottrade Center 0
Baseball[edit]
The St. Louis Cardinals' Busch Stadium during its first season in 2006.
See footnote[5]
St. Louis is represented in Major League Baseball by the Cardinals, founded in 1882 and playing in the league since 1892. The team won its first World Series in 1926, winning its 11th and most recent in 2011. The team plays at the 43,795-seat Busch Stadium (the third ground to bear that name), and has a view of the city's Gateway Arch.
The 2009 Major League Baseball All-Star Game between the American League (AL) and the National League (NL)[6] was held on July 14, 2009, at Busch Stadium.[7][8] The game was the first All-Star Game held in St. Louis since 1966.[9]
The St. Louis Browns played in the AL from 1902 to 1953.
Football[edit]
The Edward Jones Dome (now known as The Dome at America's Center), former home of the St. Louis Rams from 1995 until 2015.
St. Louis has been the home of four National Football League (NFL) franchises:
The NFL was founded in 1920, and three years later, the league had accepted the St. Louis All-Stars as a franchise for the 1923 NFL season. The team finished 1–4–2 in league play, and a 2–5–2 overall record while finishing fourteenth in the standings. The team's first NFL game was on October 7, 1923 and it ended in a 0-0 tie as they played on the road against the Green Bay Packers. A week later they would finish in another 0-0 tie as the All-Stars hosted their first home game against the Hammond Pros, a traveling team from Hammond, Indiana. St. Louis played their games at Sportsman's Park, a facility that was also for both of the professional baseball teams in the city – the Cardinals and the Browns. The only win would come November 11, 1923 when they defeated the Oorang Indians (from LaRue, Ohio) by a 14–7 final.
The second franchise was the St. Louis Gunners. The Gunners were an independent professional football team based that played the last three games of the 1934 National Football League season, replacing the Cincinnati Reds on the league schedule after the Reds' league membership was suspended. They won their first game against the Pittsburgh Pirates (now Steelers) 6–0, but lost the last two to the Detroit Lions (40–7) and the Green Bay Packers (21–14). Six of the Reds players joined the team for the last two games. The team was headquartered at the St. Louis National Guard Armory, which accounts for its nickname the 'Gunners'.
The third franchise was the St. Louis Cardinals and they played in St. Louis 1960 to 1987. They advanced to the playoffs just three times (1974, 1975 & 1982), never hosting or winning in any appearance. In 1987, the team moved to Phoenix, Arizona and became the Phoenix Cardinals; the team changed its geographic location name to Arizona in 1994. Before moving to St. Louis, the Cardinals were based in Chicago. The Chicago Cardinals played there from their founding in 1920 until their move to Missouri in 1959.
The St. Louis Rams, founded in 1936 in Cleveland, Ohio, won the pre-merger NFL Championship twice, in 1945 and 1951. After playing in Los Angeles from 1946 to 1994, the Rams moved to St. Louis in 1995. The Rams defeated the Tennessee Titans 23–16 to win Super Bowl XXXIV in 1999. The team also appeared in Super Bowl XXXVI in 2001, which they lost 20–17 to the New England Patriots. The team's former home in St. Louis (the Edward Jones Dome) hosted 66,965 spectators. On January 13, 2016, it was announced that NFL owners voted 30–2 to allow Rams ownership to move the team back to Los Angeles for the 2016 season.[10][11]
Saint Louis University football coach Eddie Cochems developed the first modern passing offense in American football history in 1906. Cochems' star halfback, Bradbury Robinson, threw the first legal forward pass on September 5, 1906, in a 22-0 victory over Carroll College at Waukesha, Wisconsin.
Ice hockey[edit]
Scottrade Center
The St. Louis Blues are a professional ice hockey team in St. Louis. They are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The team is named after the famous W. C. Handy song "Saint Louis Blues", and plays in the 19,150-seat Scottrade Center in downtown St. Louis. The franchise was founded in 1967 as one of the expansion teams during the league's original expansion from six to twelve teams. The Blues are the only surviving Expansion Six NHL team that has not won the Stanley Cup.
The first NHL team to call St. Louis its home was the St. Louis Eagles. The franchise moved, from Ottawa, in time for the 1934–35 NHL season. The Ottawa Senators had played in the NHL from 1917–1934. During that time the team had won the Stanley Cup in 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1920, 1921, 1923, and 1927. Following the Cup win in 1927 the team went on a sharp decline and in December 1933 rumors surfaced that the Senators would merge with the equally strapped New York Americans. This information was denied by Ottawa club president Frank Ahearn, who had sought financial help from the league. The team played the full 1933–34 season, transferring one home game to Detroit. Near the end of the season, reports surfaced that the club had entered into a deal with St. Louis "interests" to move the club. The team lost its last home game by a score of 3–2 to the Americans on March 15, 1934, before a crowd of 6,500. The final game of the season was a 2–2 tie with the Maroons at the Montreal Forum on March 18, 1934.
The Eagles would survive only one season, as the team continued to lose money due to high travel costs. At that time, the league only had nine teams, with St. Louis playing in the Canadian Division. The division consisted of two teams in Montreal (the Canadiens and Maroons), one team in Toronto (Toronto) and the New York Americans. The American Division hosted the Boston Bruins, Detroit Red Wings, Chicago Black Hawks and the New York Rangers. The Eagles would finish with a league-worse record of 11-31-6.
Basketball[edit]
St. Louis was home to two National Basketball Association (NBA) teams, the St. Louis Bombers (1949–50) and the St. Louis Hawks (1955–1968), and also to the American Basketball Association (ABA)'s Spirits of St. Louis (1974–76), before the ABA–NBA merger.
Soccer[edit]
Taylor Twellman was the Major League Soccer Golden Boot and MVP in 2005.
Main article: Soccer in St. Louis
St. Louis has long had a reputation as being one of America's soccer hotbeds, and is home to arguably the richest soccer history in the nation, although it does not host a Major League Soccer franchise. The city has a strong tradition of prep and select soccer, which is followed very closely by many area residents. The Saint Louis University men's soccer team has won 10 national championships, appeared in 16 NCAA Final Fours, and consistently ranks among the top-10 Division I soccer teams by attendance.
In 2013, Chelsea and Manchester City played to a sellout crowd of 48,000 at Busch Stadium.[12] Later that year, on August 10, the Edward Jones Dome hosted a friendly between Real Madrid and Internazionale before 54,184 fans, who set a St. Louis record for attendance for a soccer match.[12]
Every U.S. team in World Cup history has included at least one St. Louisan on its roster, and 29 St. Louisans have been inducted into the National Soccer Hall of Fame.[13] Five St. Louisans, including many from the historically Italian neighborhood of The Hill, played on the U.S. team for the 1950 World Cup, which defeated England 1-0 in one of the most noted upsets in World Cup history. This event was chronicled in the 2005 film The Game of Their Lives (released on DVD as The Miracle Match). Several recent American soccer players are from St. Louis, including Brad Davis, Chris Klein, Pat Noonan, Matt Pickens, Steve Ralston, Mike Sorber, Tim Ream, and Taylor Twellman. Additionally, current Bosnia and Herzegovina player Vedad Ibišević attended high school in the city and played a season for SLU.
St. Louis is the former home of several professional teams, including the St. Louis Stars, which played in St. Louis from 1967–1977 in the North American Soccer League. St. Louis also was the home of the St. Louis Steamers, an indoor soccer team that played in St. Louis from 1979–1988. The Steamers averaged over 17,000 fans during their peak, outdrawing the St. Louis Blues NHL team.[14] The St. Louis Ambush stole the scene from 1992–2000. Featuring mainly local talent, the team won the 1995 NPSL championship, which was and still is the only professional soccer championship in the history of St. Louis.
Officials attempted to pave the way for a St. Louis-area expansion team based in Collinsville, Illinois, to enter Major League Soccer in 2009; however, MLS awarded the 16th franchise to Philadelphia instead. The Saint Louis Athletica competed in Women's Professional Soccer from 2009 to 2010. Athletica played its home matches on the campus of Southern Illinois University Edwardsville and later moved to Scott Gallagher Soccer Park in west county. The team folded in May 2010 when donors did not continue to fund the team.
The St. Louis Soccer Hall of Fame, established in 1971, is located at the Midwest Soccer Academy and includes a museum with various exhibits.[15] The first annual dinner was held in 1971.[15]
St. Louis is represented in the IPL by the St. Louis Ambush in the USL by Saint Louis FC.
Corkball[edit]
St. Louis has several recreational corkball leagues. A variant of baseball, corkball is played with a 1.6-oz. ball and a bat whose barrel is 1.5" wide. It has many of the features of baseball, yet can be played in a very small area because there is no base-running. Invented on the streets and alleys of St. Louis in the early 1900s, the game has leagues around the country, thanks to servicemen who introduced the game to their buddies during World War II and the Korean War.[16]
Individual sports[edit]
St. Louis was home to four prominent twentieth-century boxers: Sonny Liston, Henry Armstrong, and brothers Leon and Michael Spinks. The Spinkses are the only brothers to have captured the heavyweight boxing title. Leon's son Cory Spinks has also held a world title.
The Gateway Cross Cup is an international professional competition in cyclo-cross, a combination of mountain bike racing and road bicycle racing.
Gateway International Raceway hosts NHRA Drag Racing and NASCAR racing events 5 miles (8 km) east of the city in Madison, Illinois.
College sports[edit]
See also: Saint Louis Billikens
Saint Louis University (SLU) plays NCAA Division I sports as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. SLU dropped football as an intercollegiate sport in 1949, but SLU is best known for its men's basketball and men's soccer programs. SLU men's soccer led the NCAA in average attendance in 1999, 2001, and 2003, drawing over 2,700 fans per match each season.[17] In 2006, the College Cup was played at Hermann Stadium on the SLU campus.
The Metro East region, across the Mississippi River in Illinois, is home to Southern Illinois University Edwardsville (SIUE), whose teams play as the SIU Edwardsville Cougars in the Division I Ohio Valley Conference. Like SLU, SIUE does not sponsor football, but unlike SLU has never had a football program. SIUE is also known for its men's soccer program, and has an active rivalry with the Billikens.
The main campus of Lindenwood University, located in the suburb of St. Charles, also fields a number of sports teams, most of them in the NCAA Division II Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association. Three Lindenwood programs compete as effective Division I members in sports that have no Division II national championship. The women's ice hockey team competes in College Hockey America, the women's gymnastics team competes in the Midwest Independent Conference, and the men's volleyball team plays in the Midwestern Intercollegiate Volleyball Association. Lindenwood's rugby program, despite having started only in 2011, is one of the top ranked rugby programs in the country.[18]
Lindenwood also has a sister campus on the Illinois side of the river in Belleville; that school is currently a dual member of the NAIA and USCAA.
The University of Missouri–St. Louis, located just outside the city limits in St. Louis County, also has an NCAA Division II athletic program in the UMSL Tritons. All of the school's sports compete in the Great Lakes Valley Conference.
In NCAA Division III, the Washington University Bears, representing Washington University in St. Louis, have won 18 national titles in four different sports.
In March 2005, The Dome at America's Center, then known as Edward Jones Dome, in St. Louis hosted the final two rounds of the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship, also known as the Final Four. In April 2009, the Edward Jones Dome hosted the NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship Final Four. The Scottrade Center also hosts the annual "Braggin' Rights" game, a men's college basketball rivalry game between the universities of Illinois and Missouri. St. Louis is roughly equidistant from the two campuses.
The Scottrade Center hosted the 2007 Frozen Four college ice hockey tournament on April 5 and April 7, 2007.
Minor league teams[edit]
Team
Sport
League
Established
Location
Venue
Champs
River City Rascals Baseball Frontier League 1999 O'Fallon, Missouri T.R. Hughes Ballpark 2*
St. Louis Slam Women's football Women's Football Alliance 2003 St. Louis, Missouri St. Mary's High School 1
Gateway Grizzlies Baseball Frontier League 2001 Sauget, Illinois GCS Ballpark 1
St. Louis Bombers Rugby Super League 1962 St. Louis, Missouri Lucier Park 0
St. Louis Ambush Soccer Major Arena Soccer League 2013 St. Charles, Missouri Family Arena 0
St. Louis FC Soccer United Soccer League 2014 Fenton, Missouri World Wide Technology Soccer Park 0
Notes:
River City Rascals have two championships: one as the Zanesville Greys and one as River City Rascals.
Former teams[edit]
Team
Sport
League
Established
Began in
St. Louis
Venue
Titles
in St. Louis
Left
St. Louis
St. Louis Vipers Roller Hockey Roller Hockey International 1993 1993 St. Louis Arena/Kiel Center 1 1999
St. Louis Stampede Arena Football Arena Football League 1987 1995 Scottrade Center 0 1996
St. Louis Browns Baseball American League 1894 1902 Sportsman's Park 0 1954
St. Louis Stars Baseball Negro American League 1937 1939 Stars Park 0 1939
St. Louis Terriers Baseball Federal League 1914 1914 Handlan's Park 0 1915
St. Louis Maroons Baseball National League 1884 1884 Union Base Ball Park 0 1886
St. Louis Stars Baseball Negro National League 1922 1931 Stars Park 3 1931
Spirits of St. Louis Basketball American Basketball Association 1967 1974 St. Louis Arena 0 1976
St. Louis Hawks Basketball National Basketball Association 1946 1955 Kiel Auditorium 1 1968
St. Louis Bombers Basketball Basketball Association of America
National Basketball Association 1946
1949 1949
1950 St. Louis Arena 0 1950
St. Louis Cardinals Football National Football League 1898 1960 Busch Stadium I (1960–1965)
Busch Stadium II (1966–1987) 0 1988
St. Louis All Stars Football National Football League 1923 1923 Sportsman's Park 0 1923
St. Louis Gunners Football National Football League 1931 1931 St. Louis National Guard Armory 0 1934
St. Louis Rams Football National Football League 1936 1995 Edward Jones Dome 1 2016
St. Louis Saints Women's football Lingerie Football League 2008 2012 Family Arena 0 2012
Missouri River Otters Hockey United Hockey League 1991 1999 Family Arena 0 2006
St. Louis Flyers Hockey American Hockey Association
American Hockey League 1928
1944 1942
1953 St. Louis Arena 5 1953
St. Louis Eagles Hockey National Hockey League 1917 1934 St. Louis Arena 0 1936
St. Louis Ambush Indoor Soccer National Professional Soccer League 1984 1992 St. Louis Arena/Scottrade Center 1 2000
St. Louis Steamers/
St. Louis Storm Indoor Soccer Major Indoor Soccer League 1977 1979 St. Louis Arena 0 1992
St. Louis Steamers Indoor Soccer World Indoor Soccer League
Major Indoor Soccer League 1997 2000 Family Arena/Scottrade Center 0 2006
St. Louis Stars Soccer National Professional Soccer League
North American Soccer League 1967 1967 Busch Memorial Stadium/Francis Field 0 1978
Saint Louis Athletica Soccer Women's Professional Soccer 2007 2009 Soccer Park 0 2010
AC St. Louis Soccer USSF Division 2 Professional League 2008 2009 Anheuser-Busch Center 0 2011
Saint Louis Hummers Softball International Women's Professional Softball Association 1976 1977 Harrawood Sports Complex 0 1979
St. Louis Surge Basketball Women's Blue Chip Basketball League 2004 2015 University of Missouri St. Louis Mark Twain Building 0 2015
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Rawlings, John. "Best Sports Cities 2000". Sporting News. Archived from the original on August 16, 2000. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ https://www.stlmag.com/news/sports/wall-street-journal-st-louis-is-the-top-sports-city-in-2015/
Jump up ^ ESPN – MLB World Series Winners – Major League Baseball
Jump up ^ "St. Louis Blues — History: Year-By-Year Records". St. Louis Blues. Retrieved 2008-07-26.
Jump up ^ Taylor, Phil (October 31, 2011). "Where's The Boo In Booster?". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 2011-10-28. Redbird Nation's reputation as the most knowledgeable, loyal and, above all, friendly fans in the majors .... 'Our fans are the best because they're just as passionate as anywhere else...but they're probably a little more fair-minded,' says St. Louis manager Tony La Russa.
Jump up ^ Leach, Matthew (2008-07-16). "Countdown begins for '09 All-Star Game". News. MLB.com. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
Jump up ^ "St. Louis gets 2009 All-Star game". USA Today. Associated Press. 2007-01-16. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
Jump up ^ ESPN news services (2007-01-16). "Selig signs off on 2009 All-Star Game for St. Louis". ESPN.com. Retrieved 2008-07-16.
Jump up ^ Matthew, Leach (2007-01-16). "St. Louis awarded 2009 All-Star Game". News. MLB.com. Retrieved 2008-07-16.
Jump up ^ Hanzus, Dan (January 12, 2016). "Rams to relocate to L.A.; Chargers first option to join". NFL.com. National Football League. Retrieved January 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Rams to Return to Los Angeles". St. Louis Rams. January 12, 2016. Retrieved January 13, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Sports Illustrated, Real Madrid dominates Inter to close American tour, August 10, 2013, http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/soccer/news/20130810/real-madrid-inter.ap/?sct=sc_t2_a4
Jump up ^ Homepage. St. Louis Soccer Hall of Fame website. Retrieved 2011-06-05.
Jump up ^ "Ambush return to St. Louis", St. Louis Post-Dispatch, June 22, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b [1] webpage. St. Louis Soccer Hall of Fame website. Retrieved 2011-06-05.
Jump up ^ Pierce, Charles P. (June 1, 2000). "The Sport That Time Forgot". Esquire Magazine. Retrieved 2009-08-13.
Jump up ^ NCAA Soccer, Men's Attendance Records, Annual Home Attendance Champions, http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/m_soccer_RB/2011/attend.pdf
Jump up ^ Rugby Mag, 2012–2013 Preseason All-Division Men College Top 25, August 28, 2012
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