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Iron ore mining in Western Australia
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Main article: Mining in Western Australia
This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (January 2018)
Iron ore mining in Western Australia
Position of Western Australia within Australia highlighted
Location
State
Western Australia
Country
Australia
Regulatory authority
Authority
Department of Mines and Petroleum
Website
Official website
Production
Commodity
Iron ore
Production
398.99 million tonnes
Value
A$48.542 billion
Employees
27,537
Year
2010
Iron ore mining in Western Australia, in the financial year 2008-09, accounted for 47 percent of the total value of the state's resources, with a value of A$33.56 billion. The overall value of the mineral and petroleum industry in Western Australia was A$71.3 billion in 2008-09, a 19 percent increase compared to the previous financial year.[1]
Western Australia's iron ore output for 2011 was 474 million tonnes, 97% of Australian production. The bulk of Western Australian ore went to China, which imported 70 percent of 2010 production, followed by Japan with 19% and South Korea with 10%. The state has the world's largest Economic Demonstrated Resources of iron ore with 22% of the world's iron ore followed by Brazil with 17%, Russia with 15% and China with 14%.[2][3]
In the financial year 2015-2016, the Western Australian Government received over A$3.4 billion in royalties from the iron ore mining industry in the state.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Overview
2.1 Exploration
2.2 Production
2.3 Railways
2.3.1 Pilbara region
2.3.2 Westrail region
2.4 Ports
2.5 Projects
2.6 Export
3 Criticism
3.1 General
3.2 Australian Aborigines
4 Safety
5 List of active mines
6 List of inactive and exhausted mines
7 Statistics
8 References
9 External links
History[edit]
While iron ore deposits were known, like the Mount Whaleback deposit discovered in 1957 by Stan Hilditch, it was not until 1960, when the Australian Government lifted the embargo on iron ore exports it had put in place because of concerns the mineral was in short supply, that mining began in earnest.[5] Up until the mid-1960s, iron ore production in Western Australia, and Australia as a whole, was negligible, in the range of less than 10 million tons a year. By the mid-1970s, this figure had reached 100 million tonnes, with the majority coming from Western Australia. Production slightly declined in the 1980s but it improved in the 1990s, reaching 150 million tonnes for the country by 1997 and 200 million tonnes by 2003.[1]
The first mine in the Pilbara, the Goldsworthy mine, was developed by Utah Development Co. in 1965. A private railway line, the Goldsworthy railway, as well as port facilities at Finucane Island, Port Hedland, were also constructed. On 1 June 1966, the first shipment of iron ore from the Pilbara left on board the Harvey S. Mudd.[6][7]
BHP's operations in Newman date back to 1968, when the Mount Whaleback mine was opened, the biggest single-pit Open-pit iron ore mine in the world. A new town, Newman, was constructed, as well as a 426 kilometre railway line, the Mount Newman railway. The first train left Newman on 1 January 1969 and the first shipment of Newman ore left port on 1 April 1969 on board of the Osumi Maru.[7] Newman remained a "closed" company town until 1981.[5]
Rio Tinto's iron ore operations in the Pilbara began in 1966,[8] with the Mount Tom Price mine opened that year, becoming the company's first mine to open in the Pilbara.[9]
Overview[edit]
Exploration[edit]
Quarterly expenditure ($millions) on iron ore exploration in Western Australia since 1988
Early exploration camp at Mount Goldsworthy in 1964.
In 2008-09, expenditure for exploration in iron ore in Western Australia increased by 33 percent compared to the previous financial year, 2007-08. The A$560million spend on iron ore exploration accounted for 45 percent of all mineral exploration expenditure in the state.[1]
Production[edit]
Major commodity mix, 2008-2009.
The bulk of iron ore production in Western Australia comes from the Pilbara region of the state. A number of mines however are also located in the Mid West and Kimberley regions as well as in the Wheatbelt.[1]
The big two producers, Rio Tinto and BHP Billiton accounted for 90 percent of all iron ore production in the state in 2008-09, with the third-biggest producer being the Fortescue Metals Group.[1]
Rio Tinto operates twelve iron ore mines in Western Australia, BHP Billiton seven, Fortescue two, all of those are located in the Pilbara region.[1]
Railways[edit]
Pilbara region[edit]
Iron ore mines in the Pilbara region.
The three largest iron ore producers operate private rail networks to transport ore from their mines to ports on the coast.
BHP Billiton operates the Goldsworthy railway and the Mount Newman railway, both terminating at Port Hedland.
Rio Tinto operates the Hamersley & Robe River railway, formed in a 2001 merger of the Hamersley and Robe River railways. The two lines terminate at Cape Lambert and Dampier.
FMG's Fortescue railway, a relative newcomer, started operation in 2008. The line terminates at Port Hedland.[10] Before deciding to construct its own line, the National Competition Council of Australia received an application from FMG, on 15 June 2004, to use part of the Mount Newman railway and also part of the Goldsworthy railway.[11]
In June 2010, the Australian Competition Tribunal ruled that FMG would be granted access to Rio Tinto's Robe River line and BHP Billiton's Goldsworthy line but not to the busier Hamersley and Mount Newman lines.[12][13] Treasurer Wayne Swan suggested that several advantages would accrue from access to the rail lines by third parties. It would increase competition, reduce duplication of infrastructure, and reduce environmental damage.[14] Atlas Iron, another junior iron ore miner, is hopeful to come to terms with BHP Billiton in regards to using some of the company's rail infrastructure, the Goldsworthy railway, in the future. BHP, in late 2010, had agreed to a joint feasibility study into how an arrangement might work.[15]
Access to the rail networks by third parties is governed by the State Agreements Act.[16]
Westrail region[edit]
Other, generally smaller, mines use or propose to use the state government-owned railways, for example Windarling Range and Koolyanobbing to the port of Esperance.[17]
Ports[edit]
In the Pilbara, iron ore is shipped from Port Hedland, Dampier and Cape Lambert. The latter two ports are exclusively used by Rio Tinto, while Port Hedland is used by BHP, FMG and Atlas Iron.
Port facilities at Port Hedland consist of Nelson Point and Finucane Island, both BHP, and Herb Elliott Port, used by FMG. In Dampier, ore is shipped from Parker Point and East Intercourse Island.
The non-Pilbara mines ship their ore out of other ports, like Windarling Range, which ships from the port of Esperance,[17] or the Koolanooka Mine, which shipped from Geraldton.[18][19]
Projects[edit]
Cockatoo & Koolan Island
Koolyanobbing
Jack Hills
Koolanooka
Tallering Peak
Dampier
Tom Price
Windarling Range
Paraburdoo
Pannawonica
Port Hedland
Newman
Perth
Major iron ore mining locations in Western Australia with Perth as a reference
BHP Billiton is currently spending A$1.85 billion on its Rapid Growth Project 4, aimed at increasing its annual iron ore output to 155 million tonnes. To achieve this, upgrades to both mines and port facilities are necessary. The project is scheduled for completion by 2010. As a follow-up, Rapid Growth Project 5, with a budget of A$4.8 billion, targets a further production increase of 50 million tonnes annually. Additionally to upgrades at the mines and ports, it will also include duplication of existing railway lines and is scheduled for completion in late 2011.[1] The Jimblebar mine is part of another expansion project, launched in 2010 and aimed at increasing production from the Pilbara mines to 240 million tonnes of iron ore annually by 2013. The expansion of Jimlebar, together with an expansion of the inner harbour at Port Hedland and works on the duplication of rail tracks is estimated to cost A$2.15billion.[20] The project is titled Rapid Growth Project 6.[21]
Rio Tinto declared its intent to expand the Hope Downs mine, spending a further A$1.78 billion on its new Hope Downs 4 project, scheduled to produce 15 million tonnes of iron ore annually by 2013.[22][23] Rio has commenced construction on its new Western Turner Syncline project. Rio Tinto allocated a further A$1.24 billion in early December 2010, to expand the Brockman 4 mine to 40 million tonnes per annum, from 22, as well as develop its Western Turner Syncline project, raising planned production there from 6 to 15 million tonnes, with the aim of increasing the Pilbara production to 283 million tonnes per annum by late 2013. The expansion would make Brockman 4 Rio Tinto's second-largest mine in the Pilbara.[24] The company has also begun further construction at the port at Cape Lambert, which is scheduled to undergo a further expansion, to be completed by 2012. The new expansion is scheduled to cost A$276million.[25] The expansion is part of a plan to raise Rio's annual production from the Pilbara from 220 to 330 million tonnes annually by 2016. To achieve this, the Cape Lambert port capacity will be expanded to handle an additional 100 million tonnes annually.[26]
Plans by the Fortescue Metals Group to increase production from 39 million tonnes to 55 million tonnes through a US$220 million upgrade of the Cloud Break mine had to be abandoned in October 2009 because of funding difficulties through its Chinese investors. Instead, Fortescue decided to develop its Christmas Creek mine, at a cost of US$360 million, by building a mine and process plant there and linking it to its existing rail network. Christmas Creek is scheduled to produce 16 million tonnes of iron ore in its first year of operation. Fortescue plans to reach an annual production of 95 million tonnes of iron ore by 2012, downgraded from an earlier target of 120 million.[27]
At Cape Preston, CITIC Pacific Mining is currently, as of 2010, in the process of constructing a 27.6 million tonnes per annum magnetite iron ore mine, named the Sino Iron Project.[28]
Export[edit]
China, in 2008-09, was the main importer of Western Australian ore, having taken 64 percent, or A$21 billion in value. Japan was the second-most important market with 21 percent, followed by South Korea with 10 percent and Taiwan with 3. In comparison, Europe is a small market for ore from the state, having taken only one percent of the overall production in 2008-09.[1]
Criticism[edit]
General[edit]
The iron ore mining boom in Western Australia experienced since the early 2000s has not exclusively been seen as positive. Communities in the Pilbara region have seen a large influx of residential and Fly-in fly-out workers which has seen land prices skyrocket and has negatively affected tourism as accommodation has become sparse.[29][30]
Australian Aborigines[edit]
Aboriginal culture in the region is deeply connected to the land and water and the mining activities threaten the fragile desert environment of the Pilbara. Locals in the Pilbara argue that the wealth generated by the local mining industry is passing them by and they are left behind. A lack of accommodation and the unattractive nature of relocating to the "dusty outback" resulted in a majority work force of fly-in fly-out workers, depriving local towns of the benefits of a high-earning permanent population.[30]
Mining companies in Australia have, since 1992, changed their attitude towards the local Aboriginal population. In 1992, the Australian government began to recognise the land rights of the Indigenous Australians, opening an opportunity for the latter to engage in negotiations with mining companies to press for compensation and for assistance in preserving cultural artifacts. However, some Aboriginals feel short-changed, given the enormous profits made from mining, and also consider the financial benefits and employment opportunities as insufficient compensation for the destruction caused to their habitat.[30]
Aboriginal mining companies have been able to secure contracts with the big international mining companies. In 2007, BHP Billiton awarded a A$300 million contract to Ngarda Civil and Mining, an Aboriginal-owned company, to manage the Yarrie mine, the largest ever mining contract awarded to an Aboriginal company.[31][32] As part of the five-year contract, BHP Billiton planned to increase the number of Aboriginal workers at the mine to 70, out of a total of 90 workers. The managing director of Ngarda, Brian Taylor, saw this contract as a positive step, moving Aboriginal people in the region away from government welfare and into permanent employment. Western Australian Aboriginals, in 2007, suffered from an unemployment rate of 14 percent in the state, compared to 3.3% for the general population.[33] Of the 12,000 people employed by BHP Billiton in its Pilbara operations in 2010, 700 were indigenous. Rio Tinto also, as of 2010, employs 700 indigenous workers in its Pilbara operations, comprising 6 percent of its overall work force. FMG, under the leadership of Andrew Forrest, is driving a national program which aims to find 50,000 jobs for indigenous workers in Australia.[32] Companies like BHP Billiton, FMG and Rio Tinto have programs aimed at increasing the number of Aboriginal employees in their operations.[30] Indigenous Australians in Western Australia in 2001 accounted for 3.1% of the population.
Companies however lack an understanding of Aboriginal culture, which requires young men to be sent to the bush for up to six weeks to hunt and learn about their culture. Companies are often unwilling to award their indigenous employees this time off to be able to perform these important traditions.[32]
Safety[edit]
Main article: Fatality statistics in the Western Australian mining industry
In the past decade, from 2001 to 2010, 42 employees have lost their lives in the state's mining industry. Of those, gold and iron ore have been the most dangerous, with 14 fatalities each. Of the 42 fatalities, 29 have occurred at the surface and 13 in underground mining. Iron ore last had a fatality-free year in 2006.[34]
Since the late 1960s, when the Department of Mines began categorising fatalities by commodity, until 2010, 86 work-related fatalities have occurred in the iron ore mining industry in Western Australia.[34]
List of active mines[edit]
This is a list of currently active iron ore mines in Western Australia:[1]
Mine
Owner 1
Location 2
Region
Capacity 3
Opening year
Abydos mine Atlas Iron Port Hedland Pilbara 4.3 2013
Area C mine BHP Billiton Newman Pilbara 55 2003
Brockman mine Rio Tinto Tom Price Pilbara 8.7 1992
Brockman 4 mine Rio Tinto Tom Price Pilbara 22 2010
Channar mine Rio Tinto Paraburdoo Pilbara 20 1990
Christmas Creek mine FMG Nullagine Pilbara 16 2009
Cloud Break mine FMG Nullagine Pilbara 28 2008
Eastern Range mine Rio Tinto Paraburdoo Pilbara 20 2004
Hope Downs mine Rio Tinto Newman Pilbara 30 2007
Hope Downs 4 mine Rio Tinto Newman Pilbara 15 2014
Jimblebar mine BHP Billiton Newman Pilbara 14 1989
Koolan Island mine Mount Gibson Iron Koolan Island Kimberley 4 2007
Marandoo mine Rio Tinto Tom Price Pilbara 15 1994
Mesa A mine Rio Tinto Pannawonica Pilbara 25 2010
Mesa J mine Rio Tinto Pannawonica Pilbara 7 1994
Mt Webber mine Atlas Iron Port Hedland Pilbara 6 2014
Mount Tom Price mine Rio Tinto Tom Price Pilbara 28 1966
Mount Whaleback mine BHP Billiton Newman Pilbara 38 1968
Nammuldi mine Rio Tinto Tom Price Pilbara 6.6 2006
Orebodies 18, 23 and 25 mine BHP Billiton Newman Pilbara
Pardoo mine Atlas Iron Port Hedland Pilbara 2.4 2008
Paraburdoo mine Rio Tinto Paraburdoo Pilbara 20 1972
Tallering Peak mine Mount Gibson Iron Mullewa Mid West 3 2004
West Angelas mine Rio Tinto Newman Pilbara 29.5 2002
Windarling Range Cliffs Natural Resources Bullfinch Wheatbelt 11.5 2004
Wodgina mine Atlas Iron Port Hedland Pilbara 4 2010
Yandi mine BHP Billiton Newman Pilbara 41 1992
Yandicoogina mine Rio Tinto Newman Pilbara 52 1998
Yarrie mine BHP Billiton Goldsworthy Pilbara 2 1993
1 Majority-owner and operator shown only.
2 Location refers to nearest town, mines are not necessarily located at this town.
3 Capacity is the production capacity of the mine, as of 2010, not actual annual production, and is in million tonnes of iron ore per annum.
List of inactive and exhausted mines[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2010)
This is a list of former iron ore mines in Western Australia:
Mine Owner Location Region Opening year Closing year
Cockatoo Island mine Pluton Resources Cockatoo Island Kimberley 1995 (1951-1986) 2015
Goldsworthy mine Mount Goldsworthy Mining Associates Goldsworthy Pilbara 1966 1982
Jack Hills mine Mitsubishi Corporation Jack Hills Mid West 2006 2012
Koolanooka mine Sinosteel Midwest Morawa Mid West 2010 (1965-1974) 2013
Koolyanobbing mine Cliffs Natural Resources Southern Cross Wheatbelt 1994 (1950-1983) 2013
Nimingarra mine BHP Biliton Goldsworthy Pilbara 1988 2007
Shay Gap mine Mount Goldsworthy Mining Associates Shay Gap Pilbara 1973 1993
Statistics[edit]
Western Australian Iron Ore Production 2000-2014
Annual statistics for the Western Australian iron ore mining industry: [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42] [43] [44]
Subject 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Production (million tonnes/annum) 158.87 162.25 171.77 194.75 215.85 244.64 250.40 264.45 305.72 341.64 390.77 427.03 476.17 558.17 696.83
Production value (A$ billion) 4.365 5.245 5.064 5.061 6.173 11.308 14.751 16.165 31.896 28.085 48.542 62.79 51.02 69.35 65.06
WA Royalty Receipts (A$ million) 232 285 272 290 330 534 774 830 1,518 1,701 2,394 3,785 3,535 4,344 5,226
Employees 8,604 9,103 9,289 11,184 12,585 13,727 16,203 18,387 23,185 26,051 27,537 33,345 43,008 55,323 60,844
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Western Australian Mineral and Petroleum Statistic Digest 2008-09 Department of Mines and Petroleum website, accessed: 26 November 2010
Jump up ^ Virginia Christie; Brad Mitchell; David Orsmond; Marileze van Zyl (March 2011). "The Iron Ore, Coal and Gas Sectors". Bulletin – March Quarter 2011. Reserve Bank of Australia. Retrieved 27 Aug 2013.
Jump up ^ Summerfield, Daisy (31 December 2012). "Iron Ore". Australian Atlas of Minerals Resources, Mines & Processing Centres. Geoscience Australia. Retrieved 27 Aug 2013.
Jump up ^ Western Australian Mineral and Petroleum Statistic Digest 2016 Department of Mines and Petroleum website, accessed: 2 December 2016
^ Jump up to: a b Newman The Sydney Morning Herald, published: 8 February 2004, accessed: 10 November 2010
Jump up ^ "Utah Development profit reflects Japanese price rise". Sydney Morning Herald. 11 December 1973. p. 20. Retrieved 2012-10-01.
^ Jump up to: a b History of the Iron Ore Industry and the Pilbara BHP Billiton website, accessed: 10 November 2010
Jump up ^ Pilbara Archived 21 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Rio Tinto Iron Ore website, accessed: 6 November 2010
Jump up ^ The Australian Mines Handbook - 2003-04 edition, editor: Ross Louthean, publisher: Louthean Media Pty Ltd, page: 242
Jump up ^ Infrastructure: Rail Archived 23 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Fortescue website, accessed: 6 November 2010
Jump up ^ Mt Newman Railway National Competition Council of Australia website, accessed: 6 November 2010
Jump up ^ Junior miners win limited access to Pilbara rail network lloydslistdcn.com.au, published: 1 July 2010, accessed: 4 November 2010
Jump up ^ Watchdog 'can demand Pilbara rail expansion' The Australian, published: 13 May 2010, accessed: 4 November 2010
Jump up ^ BHP Billiton, Rio Tinto angry on open Pilbara rail line news.com.au, published: 28 October 2008, accessed: 4 November 2010
Jump up ^ Atlas Iron optimistic about using BHP rail line to Port Hedland ABC Rural, published: 23 November 2010, accessed: 24 November 2010
Jump up ^ Report on Current Transport and Communications Infrastructure in the Pilbara Murdoch University, accessed: 4 November 2010
^ Jump up to: a b "Yilgarn Operations - 2013 Triennial Performance Review" (pdf). Cliffs Natural Resources. Cleveland, OH. 2013. p. 3. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
Jump up ^ Koolanooka/Blue Hills (Haematite) Sinosteel Midwest website, accessed: 28 November 2010
Jump up ^ Jack Hills Iron Ore Mine Crosslands resources website, accessed: 28 November 2010
Jump up ^ BHP approves a $2bn expansion of WA iron ore operations The Australian, published: 29 January 2010, accessed: 14 November 2010
Jump up ^ BHP boosts Pilbara despite EU threat to Rio joint venture The Australian, published: 30 January 2010, accessed: 14 November 2010
Jump up ^ Rio Tinto to invest $1.78b in Hope Downs The Sydney Morning Herald, published: 30 August 2010, accessed: 7 November 2010
Jump up ^ Rio Tinto proceeds with Hope Downs iron project ABC Rural, published: 31 August 2010, accessed: 7 November 2010
Jump up ^ Rio Tinto signals $1.24bn ore expansion The Australian, published: 2 December 2010, accessed: 4 December 2010
Jump up ^ John Holland lands Cape Lambert port expansion for Rio The Herald Sun, published: 3 September 2010, accessed: 8 November 2010
Jump up ^ Rio announces $226m expansion at Cape Lambert The West Australian, published: 14 July 2010, accessed: 8 November 2010
Jump up ^ Fortescue Metals Group's China funding flops The Australian, published: 13 October 2010, accessed: 9 November 2010
Jump up ^ Sino Iron Project CITIC Pacific Mining, accessed: 28 November 2010
Jump up ^ New Australia Mining Boom Taking Toll on Outback Life - Page 1 National Geographic, published: 26 September 2007, accessed: 6 December 2010
^ Jump up to: a b c d New Australia Mining Boom Taking Toll on Outback Life - Page 2 National Geographic, published: 26 September 2007, accessed: 6 December 2010
Jump up ^ Fact Sheet: Yarrie Mine Operations Ngarda Civil and Mining website, accessed: 6 December 2010
^ Jump up to: a b c Looking for opportunities ABC North West WA, published: 16 February 2010, accessed: 6 December 2010
Jump up ^ Indigenous firm wins $300m BHP deal The Australian, published: 5 September 2007, accessed: 6 December 2010
^ Jump up to: a b Western Australian mining fatalities database Archived 25 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine. accessed: 19 February 2011
Jump up ^ Western Australian Mineral and Petroleum Statistics Digest 2014 Department of Mines and Petroleum, accessed: 2 December 2016
Jump up ^ Western Australian Mineral and Petroleum Statistics Digest 2013 Department of Mines and Petroleum, accessed: 2 December 2016
Jump up ^ Western Australian Mineral and Petroleum Statistics Digest 2012 Department of Mines and Petroleum, accessed: 2 December 2016
Jump up ^ Western Australian Mineral and Petroleum Statistics Digest 2011 Department of Mines and Petroleum, accessed: 2 December 2016
Jump up ^ Western Australian Mineral and Petroleum Statistics Digest 2010 Department of Mines and Petroleum, accessed: 20 August 2012
Jump up ^ Western Australian Mineral and Petroleum Statistics Digest 2008 Department of Mines and Petroleum, accessed: 9 December 2010
Jump up ^ Western Australian Mineral and Petroleum Statistics Digest 2006 Department of Mines and Petroleum, accessed: 9 December 2010
Jump up ^ Western Australian Mineral and Petroleum Statistics Digest 2004 Department of Mines and Petroleum, accessed: 9 December 2010
Jump up ^ Western Australian Mineral and Petroleum Statistics Digest 2002 Department of Mines and Petroleum, accessed: 10 December 2010
Jump up ^ Western Australian Mineral and Petroleum Statistics Digest 2001 Department of Mines and Petroleum, accessed: 10 December 2010
External links[edit]
Department of Mines and Petroleum website
MINEDEX website Database of the Department of Mines and Petroleum
[show]
v
t
e
Iron ore mining in Western Australia
BHP Billiton
Ports
Port Hedland (Nelson Point & Finucane Island)
Railways
Goldsworthy railway
Mount Newman railway
Mines
Area C
Jimblebar
Mount Whaleback
Orebodies 18, 23 and 25
Yandi
Yarrie
Fortescue Metals
Ports
Port Hedland (Herb Elliott Port)
Railways
Fortescue railway
Mines
Christmas Creek
Cloudbreak
Firetail
Kings Valley
Rio Tinto
Ports
Cape Lambert
Dampier (Parker Point & East Intercourse Island)
Railways
Hamersley & Robe River railway
Mines
Brockman 2
Brockman 4
Channar
Eastern Range
Hope Downs
Hope Downs 4
Marandoo
Mesa A
Mesa J
Mount Tom Price
Nammuldi
Nammuldi 2
Paraburdoo
West Angelas
Yandicoogina
Atlas Iron
Mines
Pardoo mine
Wodgina mine
Abydos mine
Mt Dove mine
Mt Webber mine
Other operations
Mines
Cockatoo Island
Jack Hills
Koolan Island
Koolanooka
Koolyanobbing
Tallering Peak
Roy Hill
Ports
Railways
Mines
[show]
v
t
e
Mining in Western Australia
Major commodities
Asbestos
Bauxite
Coal
Cobalt
Copper
Diamonds
Gold
Iron ore
Lead
Mineral Sands
Nickel
Salt
Uranium
Zinc
Related articles: Department of Mines and Petroleum
Mineral fields
Fatalities
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Ex on the Beach
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the most recent series, see Ex on the Beach (series 7).
Ex on the Beach
Genre
Reality
Created by
MTV International
Country of origin
United Kingdom
Original language(s)
English
No. of series
7
No. of episodes
64
Release
Original network
MTV International
Picture format
16:9 1080i HDTV
Original release
22 April 2014 (2014-04-22) – present
Chronology
Related shows
Geordie Shore
External links
Official website
www.mtv.co.uk/ex-on-the-beach
Ex on the Beach is a reality television series that is broadcast on MTV. The series was first announced in February 2014[1] and premiered on 22 April 2014.[2] It features eight single men and women enjoying a summer holiday in paradise whilst looking for love. However, they were joined by their exes to shake things up. Each ex was there either for painful revenge or to rekindle their love. The show is narrated by Irish comedian Andrew Maxwell.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Series
1.1 Series 1 (2014)
1.2 Series 2 (2015)
1.3 Series 3 (2015)
1.4 Series 4 (2016)
1.5 Series 5 (2016)
1.6 Series 6 (2017)
1.7 Series 7 (2017)
1.8 Series 8 (2018)
2 Cast
2.1 Other appearances
3 International versions
4 References
5 External links
Series[edit]
See also: List of Ex on the Beach episodes
Year
Series
Predominant Location
Number of Episodes
Average MTV viewers 1
2014 Series 1 Marbella, Spain 8 764,000
2015 Series 2 Marbella, Spain 8 712,000
Series 3 Cancun, Mexico 10 777,000
2016 Series 4 Algarve, Portugal 8 896,000
Series 5 Koh Samui, Thailand 10 800,000
2017 Series 6 Crete, Greece 10 805,000
Series 7 Bali, Indonesia 10 525,000
2018 Series 8 TBA 10
Series 1 (2014)[edit]
Main article: Ex on the Beach (series 1)
The first series of the show was announced in February 2014[1] and premiered on MTV on 22 April 2014.[2] The series ran for eight episodes and concluded on 10 June 2014. The official list of cast members was released on 13 March 2014 and includes four single boys: Ashley Cain, Jack Lomax, Liam Lewis and Marco Alexandre; as well as four single girls: Chloe Goodman, Emily Gillard, Farah Sattaur and Vicky Pattison.[4] It was announced that Geordie Shore star Vicky Pattison would be taking part in the series; she was joined by ex-fiancé and former Geordie Shore co-star Ricci Guarnaccio as well as Australian fling Daniel Conn who featured briefly in series 6 of Geordie Shore.[5] On 7 January 2015, cast member Chloe Goodman entered the Celebrity Big Brother house to compete in the fifteenth series. However she became the first Housemate to be evicted. Ashley later returned for Series 2 as an ex, whilst Vicky returned in the third series. Liam and Chloe both returned again for Series 5, whilst Ashley and Joss made appearances as exes. Ross was another cast member from this series to make a return, this time during Series 6.
Series 2 (2015)[edit]
Main article: Ex on the Beach (series 2)
The second series of the show began airing on 27 January 2015[6] and ran for eight episodes, concluding on 17 March 2015. This was confirmed on 23 July 2014 when it was announced that filming would begin soon, with the series airing in 2015.[7] The official list of cast members was released on 6 January 2015.[8] It included four single boys: Connor Hunter, Luke Goodfellow, Morgan Evans and Rogan O'Connor, as well as four single girls: Anita Kaushik, Kayleigh Morris, Loren Green and Melissa Reeves. It was also announced that Geordie Shore stars Charlotte Crosby and Gary Beadle would be taking part in the series.[9] Ahead of the launch of the new series, it was confirmed that Series 1 cast member Ashley Cain would be returning for the second series as an ex.[10] Rogan later returned for the third series, whilst Jess and Gary both returned for the fifth series as main cast, with Kayleigh and Melissa appearing as exes. Kayleigh also went on to appear in the eighteenth series of Big Brother in 2017,[11] but was removed from the house on Day 13 due to threatening behaviour.[12]
Series 3 (2015)[edit]
Main article: Ex on the Beach (series 3)
The third series of the show began on 11 August 2015.[13] The official list of cast members was released on 14 July 2015. This series was filmed in Cancun, Mexico, making this the first series to be filmed outside of Europe. They include four boys: Graham Griffiths, Jayden Robins, Kirk Norcross and Stephen Bear, and four girls: Amy Paige Cooke, Laura Alicia Summers, Megan McKenna and Megan Rees.[14] With the announcement of the line-up it was confirmed that former Geordie Shore cast member and star of the first series, Vicky Pattison, would be making her return as an ex alongside Series 2 star Rogan O'Connor. The Only Way Is Essex cast member Kirk Norcross was also confirmed to be taking part in the series, with his ex-fiancée and Celebrity Big Brother star Cami-Li featuring as his ex. Star of Magaluf Weekender Jordan Davies was also revealed to be taking part in the series, also featuring as an ex.[15] Megan McKenna and Jordan later returned for the fourth series. On 5 January 2016, cast member Megan McKenna entered the Celebrity Big Brother house to compete in the seveneeth series, and on 28 July 2016, Stephen Bear entered the house to compete in the eighteenth series where he left as the winner. Jordan Davies made another return to the show, this time during the fifth series with Jemma and Bear, and Holly also returning as an ex again.
Series 4 (2016)[edit]
Main article: Ex on the Beach (series 4)
The fourth series of the show began on 19 January 2016.[16] This series was filmed in Portugal.[17] The official cast list was revealed on 15 December 2015 and includes four girls: Helen Briggs, Nancy-May Turner, Naomi Hedman and Olivia Walsh, as well as four boys: Joe Delaney, Lewis Good, Youssef Hassane and Geordie Shore star Scotty T. Megan McKenna and Magaluf Weekender cast member Jordan Davies would be returning to the series as exes, having previously appeared during the previous series.[18] Olivia later returned to the beach for the fifth series, whilst Kieran Lee went onto appear in the eighteenth series of Big Brother, but was evicted during the final week.
Series 5 (2016)[edit]
Main article: Ex on the Beach (series 5)
The fifth series of the show began on 16 August 2016. This series took place in Koh Samui, Thailand. The series was confirmed on 8 March 2016 after the finale of the fourth series. It was also announced that faces from the past would return for this series with "unfinished business".[19] The official list of cast members were released on 5 July 2016.[20] It features four boys and four girls from previous series. From the first series it includes Chloe Goodman and Liam Lewis. Geordie Shore star Gary Beadle and Jess Impiazzi return having previously appeared in the second series, whilst Jemma Lucy, Jordan Davies and Stephen Bear from the third series all return. Finally Olivia Walsh returns having previously appeared in series 4. Over the course of the series they will be joined by their exes, which also include familiar faces. Series 1's Ashley Cain will be making his third appearance on the show, whilst Joss Mooney also returns. Kayleigh Morris and Melissa Reeves will be back having already appeared in the second series. Holly Rickwood from Series 3 will also be back on the beach. New cast members include Lillie Lexie Gregg, Charlotte Dawson, David Hawley, Aimee Kimber, Conor Scurlock and Alex Stewart.[21] Kayleigh also went on to appear in the eighteenth series of Big Brother in 2017,[22] but was removed from the house on Day 13 due to threatening behaviour.[23]
Series 6 (2017)[edit]
Main article: Ex on the Beach (series 6)
The sixth series of the show began on 17 January 2017. This series was filmed on location in Crete, Greece. The series was confirmed on 2 November 2016.[24] The official list of cast members were released on 13 December 2016.[25] They include four boys; Alex Leslie, Josh Ritchie, Ross Worsick and Sean Pratt, and four girls; Harriette Harper, Maisie Gillespie, Zahida Allen and ZaraLena Jackson. Ross has previously appeared in the first series of the show whereas Josh featured in the first series of Love Island. With the announcement of the line-up it was also confirmed that Geordie Shore star Aaron Chalmers would be arriving on the beach as an ex as well as former The Only Way Is Essex cast member Nicole Bass. Chanelle McCleary, an ex from this series, later went onto appear in the eighteenth series of Big Brother but was evicted a week before the final.
Series 7 (2017)[edit]
Main article: Ex on the Beach (series 7)
The seventh series of the show began on 20 June 2017.[26] This series was filmed on location on the island of Bali in Indonesia. The series was confirmed on 26 February 2017.[27] The cast members for the series were confirmed on 23 May 2017[28] which include Geordie Shore stars Chloe Ferry and Marty McKenna, Love Island contestants Max Morley and Josh Ritchie, as well as Beauty School Cop Outs cast member Savannah Kemplay. Marty and Josh had previously appeared in the third and sixth series of the show respectively.
Series 8 (2018)[edit]
Main article: Ex on the Beach (series 8)
The eighth series of the show is expected to begin in 2018. The series was confirmed when it was rumoured that Geordie Shore cast member Marnie Simpson had signed up for the show.[29]
Cast[edit]
Main article: List of Ex on the Beach cast members
Other appearances[edit]
As well as appearing in Ex on the Beach, some of the cast members went on to compete in other reality TV shows including Celebrity Big Brother and Big Brother.
Celebrity Big Brother
Chloe Goodman – Series 15 (2015) – Thirteenth
Megan McKenna – Series 17 (2016) – Tenth
Stephen Bear – Series 18 (2016) – Winner
Jemma Lucy – Series 20 (2017) – Sixth
Jordan Davies – Series 20 (2017) – Twelfth
Big Brother
Chanelle McCleary - Series 18 (2017) – Tenth
Kayleigh Morris – Series 18 (2017) – Eighteenth (Ejected)
Kieran Lee – Series 18 (2017) – Sixth
International versions[edit]
Country
Channel
Title
Year
Reference
Sweden
Kanal 11 Ex on the Beach 2015– [30]
France
NRJ 12 La Revanche des Ex 2016– [31]
Netherlands Belgium
MTV Netherlands MTV Flanders Ex on the Beach: Double Dutch 2016– [32]
Russia
Pyatnica! Ex on the Beach 2016– [33]
Brazil
MTV De Férias com o Ex 2016– [34]
Poland
MTV Ex on the Beach 2016– [35]
Hungary
Viasat 3 Exek az Édenben 2017– [36]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Coming soon! Brand New MTV Series Ex On The Beach". mtv.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-03-12.
^ Jump up to: a b "Ex On The Beach | MTV UK". MTV UK. Retrieved 2014-03-30.
Jump up ^ "MIND BLOWN: This Is What The Ex On The Beach Narrator Looks Like". MTV Australia.
Jump up ^ "MTV's Ex On The Beach: What we've learned about the "sexy singles" - TV News - Digital Spy". digitalspy.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-03-30.
Jump up ^ "Geordie Shore's Vicky Pattison Swaps Newcastle for Paradise In 'Ex On The Beach". MTV UK. Retrieved 2014-03-12.
Jump up ^ "MTV's Ex On The Beach is BACK!". beamly.com.
Jump up ^ "MTV Orders New Seasons of U.K. Hits 'Ex on the Beach,' 'Geordie Shore'". Hollywoodreporter.com. 2014-07-23. Retrieved 2014-08-20.
Jump up ^ "Ex on the Beach: Geordie Shore's Gaz, Charlotte sign up! Meet the cast". Digital Spy.
Jump up ^ "Charlotte Crosby and Gaz Beadle set to join MTV's Ex On The Beach - Daily Mail Online". Mail Online.
Jump up ^ "Ex On The Beach season 2: Super sexy Ashley Cain is back for a second helping! - Metro News". Metro.
Jump up ^ "Meet some of the new Big Brother housemates". 2 June 2017.
Jump up ^ bbspy. "Big Brother 2017 removes Kayleigh over ‘threats of violence’".
Jump up ^ "Ex On The Beach is back for its third series in August and it has celebrity exes galore". Digital Spy.
Jump up ^ "Ex On The Beach, Series 3: Kirk Norcross, Vicky Pattison plus all the other sexy singles!". heatworld.
Jump up ^ "Ex On The Beach: Vicky returns alongside Kirk, Cami & Jordan Davies". Reveal.
Jump up ^ Justin Harp (8 December 2015). "Here's a cheeky first look at the contestants on Ex on the Beach series 4". Digital Spy.
Jump up ^ Danny Walker (8 December 2015). "Ex on the Beach series 4 CONFIRMED: MTV tease massive twist for raunchy reality show". mirror.
Jump up ^ Ian Sandwell (15 December 2015). "Meet the Ex on the Beach series four singles". Digital Spy.
Jump up ^ "MTV tease Ex On The Beach series 5: "Stars of the past have got unfinished business"". Reveal.
Jump up ^ "Ex on the Beach cast tease the All-Star series". 4 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Ex On The Beach 5 Cast Announced: Gary Beadle Will Cry After Emotional Reunion With Lillie Lexie Gregg, Jemma Lucy Has 'Unfinished Business' - MTV UK".
Jump up ^ "Meet some of the new Big Brother housemates". 2 June 2017.
Jump up ^ bbspy. "Big Brother 2017 removes Kayleigh over ‘threats of violence’".
Jump up ^ "Ex on the Beach has been confirmed for a sixth series". 2 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "The FULL line-up for Ex On The Beach is revealed... and it features familiar faces from Towie, Love Island and Geordie Shore". 13 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "MTV Ex On The Beach". www.facebook.com.
Jump up ^ "Jeremy McConnell to star Ex On The Beach... 'with Stephanie Davis' ex Sam Reece'". 26 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ex On The Beach Series 7 Cast Tease Major Shock As Start Date And Line-Up Confirmed - EXCLUSIVE - MTV UK".
Jump up ^ http://www.ok.co.uk/tv/ex-on-the-beach/1153632/marnie-sipmson-ex-on-the-beach-series-8-exes-geordie-shore-casey-johnson-lewis-bloor-aaron-chalmers
Jump up ^ "Här är alla deltagare i "Ex on the beach"". Expressen. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "LA REVANCHE DES EX - NRJ12 sur NRJ Play".
Jump up ^ "Ex On The Beach Double Dutch - Shows - MTV". www.mtv.nl.
Jump up ^ "Экс на пляже". Friday.ru.
Jump up ^ "De Férias com o Ex Brasil - Programa de TV - MTV Brasil". MTV Brasil.
Jump up ^ "EX NA PLAŻY POLSKA - Shows - MTV". m.mtv.pl.
Jump up ^ "Exek az édenben". VIASAT3.
External links[edit]
Ex on the Beach on IMDb
Official website
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ex_on_the_Beach&oldid=806717560"
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Muharram
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For use as a family name, see Moharam (family).
Islamic calendar
Months
Muharram
Safar
Rabi' al-awwal
Rabi' al-Thani
Jumada al-awwal
Jumada al-Thani
Rajab
Sha'ban
Ramadan
Shawwal
Dhu al-Qidah
Dhu al-Hijjah
v
t
e
Muharram in Ardabil.
Muḥarram (Arabic: مُحَرَّم muḥarram) is the first month of the Islamic calendar. It is one of the four sacred months of the year.[1] It is held to be the holiest month, Ramadan coming after. The word "Muharram" means "forbidden". Since the Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar, Muharram moves from year to year when compared with the Gregorian calendar.
The tenth day of Muharram is the Day of Ashura, which to Shia Muslims is part of the Mourning of Muharram. Sunni Muslims fast during this day, because it is recorded in the hadith[2] that Musa (Moses) and his people obtained a victory over the Egyptian Pharaoh on the 10th day of Muharram; accordingly Muhammad asked Muslims to fast on this day that is Ashura and on a day before that is 9th (called Tasu'a). Shia Muslims mourn the death of Imam Hussein (as )and his family, respecting the sacrifice of the martyrs by praying in abundance and refraining from all joyous events.
Shia Muslims During Muharram, Shia Muslims do different things and with different intentions. Shia Muslims observe and respect Muharram as the month that martyred Hussein ibn Ali, the grandson of Muhammad and son of Ali, in the Battle of Karbala. They mourn for Hussein ibn Ali and refrain from all joyous events. Unlike Sunni Muslims, Shias do not fast on the 10th day of Muharram.[3] In addition there is an important Ziyarat book, the Ziyarat Ashura about Hussein ibn Ali. In the Shia sect it is popular to read this ziyarat on the "Day of Ashura", although most of the Shias try to read Ziyarat Ashura every day and they send salutations to Hussein ibn Ali.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Muharram and Ashura
1.1 Muharram and Ashura to the Shia
2 Timing for Muharram
3 Incidents occurred during this month
4 Hadith
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
Muharram and Ashura[edit]
With the sighting of the new moon, the Islamic New Year is ushered in. The first month, Muharram, is one of the four sacred months that Allah has mentioned in the Quran: Muharram, Rajab, Dhu al-Qi'dah, and Dhu al-Hijjah. Even before Islam came, Quraish and Arabs as a whole knew the sanctity of the months and were forbidden to wage war on those months.
Muharram and Ashura to the Shia[edit]
Main article: Mourning of Muharram
Shia Muslims in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania in a Hussainia as part of the commemoration of Muharram
Shia Muslim children in Amroha, India on camels in front of Azakhana as part of the procession commemorating events on and after Day of Ashura
Muharram is a month of remembrance and modern Shia meditation that is often considered synonymous with Ashura. Ashura, which literally means the "Tenth" in Arabic, refers to the tenth day of Muharram. It is well-known because of historical significance and mourning for the murder of Hussein ibn Ali, the grandson of Muhammad.[5]
Shiite begin mourning from the first night of Muharram and continue for ten nights, climaxing on the 10th of Muharram, known as the Day of Ashura. The last few days up until and including the Day of Ashura are the most important because these were the days in which Imam Hussein and his family and followers (including women, children and elderly people) were deprived of water from the 7th onward and on the 10th, Imam Hussain and 72 of his followers were killed by the army of Yazid I at the Battle of Karbala on Yazid's orders. The surviving members of Imam Hussein's family and those of his followers were taken captive, marched to Damascus, and imprisoned there.
Timing for Muharram[edit]
The Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar, and months begin when the first crescent of a new moon is sighted. Since the Islamic lunar calendar year is 10 to 11 days shorter than the solar year, Muharram migrates throughout the solar years. The estimated start and end dates for Muharram are as follows (based on the Umm al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia:[6])
AH
First day (CE / AD)
Last day (CE / AD)
1437 14 October 2015 12 November 2015
1438 02 October 2016 31 October 2016
1439 21 September 2017 20 October 2017
1440 11 September 2018 09 October 2018
1441 31 August 2019 29 September 2019
1442 20 August 2020 17 September 2020
Muharram dates between 2015 and 2020
The approximate dates for the next Muharram is from 21 September 2017 to 20 October 2017.[7][8]
Incidents occurred during this month[edit]
Scenes in the procession at the Mohurrum festival
01 Muharram: anniversary of the death of Hazrat Ammasaheb Bibi Habiba Qadri in India; Birth of the Báb (forerunner of the Bahá'í Faith) in 1235 AH. Seizure of the Grand Mosque in AH 1400.and also Hazrat Umar 2nd caliph of Islam was martyred on 1st Muharram
02 Muharram: Hussein ibn Ali enters Karbala and establishes camp. Yazid's forces are present. Birth of Bahá'u'lláh (founder of the Bahá'í Faith) in 1233 AH.
7thMuharram: Access to water was banned to Husayn ibn Ali by Yazid's orders.
10th Muharram: Referred to as the Day of Ashurah (lit. "the tenth") was the day on which Hussein ibn Ali was martyred in the Battle of Karbala. Shia Muslims spend the day in mourning, whilst the Sunni Muslims fast on this day commemorating the rescue of the people of Israel by Musa (Moses) from Pharaoh[9]
Many Sufi Muslims fast for the same reason as the Sunnis mentioned above, but also for the martyred people in Karbala, they pray for them and send upon them peace and blessings.
15 Muharram: Birth of Muhammad Sirajuddin Naqshbandi in 1297 AH (1879-1880 AD)
25 Muharram: Zayn al-‘Ābidīn, fourth Shia Imam was martyred by Marvanian in 95 AH (714 AD).[10]
27 Muharram, Maytham al-Tammar was martyred.
28 Muharram: Death anniversary Urs of Ashraf Jahangir Semnani in 808 AH (1405 AD) a great Sufi saint in India.
Death anniversary Urs of Baba Farid, a great Sufi saint in Pakistan for six days in Muharram.
Hadith[edit]
In Islamic eschatology:
Abu Hurairah said that the Prophet said:
There will be an Ayah (sign) in (the month of) Ramadan. Then, there will 'isabah (splitting into groups) in Shawwal. Then, there will be fighting in (the month of) Dhu al-Qi'dah. Then, the pilgrim will be robbed in (the month of) Dhu al-Hijjah. Then, the prohibitions will be violated in (the month of) al-Muharram. Then, there will be sound in (the month of) Safar, then the tribes will conflict with each other in the two months of Rabi' al-awwal & Rabi' al-thani. Then, the most amazing thing will happen between (the months of) Jumada and Rajab. Then, a well-fed she-camel will be better than a fortress (castle) sheltering a thousand (people).[11]
See also[edit]
Islamic Calendar
Day of Ashura
Day of Tasu'a
Hosay
Rawda Khwani
References[edit]
Jump up ^ The others are Dhu al-Qi'dah, Dhu al-Hijjah and Rajab, The Islamic Calendar
Jump up ^ Volume 3, Book 31, Number 223: Narrated Abu Musa: The day of 'Ashura' was considered as 'Id day by the Jews. So the Prophet ordered, "I recommend you (Muslims) to fast on this day." [1]
Jump up ^ "Ashura of Muharram – A Shia and Sunni Muslim Observance". iqrasense.com. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
Jump up ^ Ziyarat Ashoora - Importance, Rewards, and Effects
Jump up ^ "Muharram". 2010-12-08. Retrieved 2010-12-08.
Jump up ^ Umm al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia
Jump up ^ Gent, R.H. van. "The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia".
Jump up ^ http://www.ummulqura.org.sa/Index.aspx
Jump up ^ Sahih Bukhari 003.031.222-225 Archived November 26, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Allama Majlisi. Bihar al-Anwar. 46. pp. 152–154.
Jump up ^ Al-Haakim, Naim ibn Hammad, Kitab Al-Fitan
Further reading[edit]
Chelkowski, Peter J. ed. 1979. Ta’ziyeh: Ritual and Drama in Iran. New York: New York University Press.
Cole, Juan. 1988. Roots of North Indian Shiism in Iran and Iraq: Religion and State in Avadh, 1722-1859. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Kartomi, Margaret. 1986. ‘Tabut - a Shia Ritual Transplanted from India to Sumatra’, in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Indonesia: Essays in Honour of Professor J.D. Legge, edited by David P. Chandler and M.C. Ricklefs, Australia: Monash University, Centre for Southeast Asian Studies, 141-162.
Mason, P.H. (2016) Fight-dancing and the Festival: Tabuik in Pariaman, Indonesia, and Iemanjá in Salvador da Bahia, Brazil. Martial Arts Studies Journal, 2, 71-90. DOI: 10.18573/j.2016.10065
Pinault, David. 1992. The Shiites: Ritual and Popular Piety in a Muslim Community. London: I.B. Tauris.
External links[edit]
Commemoration of Muharram is permissible
Optional prayers for Muharram, especially Qalbi Zikr
Muharram Quotes and Wishes
Matam (beating the chest) in Muharram
"Muharram". New International Encyclopedia. 1997.
[2] Allahabad Azadari.Com
A day of mourning for Shiites
Muharram in West Sumatra
What is Muharram ?
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Months of the Islamic calendar (AH)
Muharram
Safar
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Sha`ban
Ramadan
Shawwal
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