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The Originals (season 2)
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The Originals (season 2)
Starring
Joseph Morgan
Daniel Gillies
Phoebe Tonkin
Charles Michael Davis
Leah Pipes
Danielle Campbell
Yusuf Gatewood
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
22
Release
Original network
The CW
Original release
October 6, 2014 (2014-10-06) – May 11, 2015 (2015-05-11)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 1
Next →
Season 3
List of The Originals episodes
The Originals, a 42 minute American supernatural drama, was renewed for a second season by The CW on February 13, 2014[1] and it premiered on October 6, 2014.
Contents
[hide]
1 Cast
1.1 Main
1.2 Recurring
1.3 Special guest
1.4 Guest
1.5 Notes
2 Episodes
3 Production
4 Reception
5 References
Cast[edit]
See also: List of The Originals characters
Main[edit]
Joseph Morgan as Niklaus "Klaus" Mikaelson
Daniel Gillies as Elijah Mikaelson
Phoebe Tonkin as Hayley Marshall-Kenner
Charles Michael Davis as Marcellus "Marcel" Gerard
Leah Pipes as Camille "Cami" O'Connell
Danielle Campbell as Davina Claire
Yusuf Gatewood as Vincent Griffith (possessed by Finn Mikaelson; himself)[a]
Recurring[edit]
Daniel Sharman as Kaleb Westphall (possessed by Kol Mikaelson)
Steven Krueger as Joshua Rosza
Sebastian Roché as Mikael
Natalie Dreyfuss as Cassie (possessed by Esther; herself)
Chase Coleman as Oliver
Nishi Munshi as Gia
Yohance Myles as Joe Dalton
Nathaniel Buzolic as Kol Mikaelson
Alice Evans as Esther
Sonja Sohn as Lenore Shaw (herself; possessed by Esther)
Aiden Flowers as Klaus Mikaelson (young)
Perry Cox as Elijah Mikaelson (young)
Callie McClincy as Rebekah Mikaelson (young)
Colin Woodell as Aiden L.
Tanner Fontana as Nick
Lloyd Owen as Ansel
Nathan Parsons as Jackson Kenner
Hayley McCarthy as Esther (young)
Kristin Erickson as Dahlia (young)
Elle Graham as Freya Mikaelson (young)
Riley Voelkel as Freya Mikaelson
Maisie Richardson-Sellers as Eva Sinclair (possessed by Rebekah Mikaelson; herself)
Debra Mooney as Mary Dumas
Meg Foster as Josephine LaRue
Claudia Black as Dahlia
Javier Carrasquillo as Kurt
Special guest[edit]
Claire Holt as Rebekah Mikaelson
Nina Dobrev as Tatia
Guest[edit]
Peta Sergeant as Francesca Correa
McCarrie McCausland as Marcel Gerard (young)
Voltaire Council as Finn Mikaelson (teen)
Isaiah Stratton as Mikael (young)
Cade Weeks as Finn Mikaelson (child)
Keri Lynn Pratt as Mary-Alice Claire
Aleeah Rogers as Astrid Malchance
Adam Fristoe as Ruben Morris
Nate Lycan as Mathias
Kinsey Kunkel as Dahlia (child)
Morgan Hinkleman as Esther (child)
Nina Repeta as Melinda
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Yusuf Gatewood is credited as a series regular from episode 14 onwards. From episode 1 through 13, he is credited as a guest star.
Episodes[edit]
See also: List of The Originals episodes
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)
23
1 "Rebirth" Lance Anderson Marguerite MacIntyre & Julie Plec October 6, 2014 (2014-10-06) 3J5201 1.37[2]
It is revealed that Esther, the Mikaelson family matriarch who created the Originals, is the witch who has returned, possessing Cassie's body. She is joined by her previously-deceased sons Finn (in Vincent's body) and Kol (in Kaleb's body). Klaus, in search of the White Oak Stake, prepares for a battle with the werewolves in order to get the moonlight rings from them. Not knowing that the Stake is in his father Mikael's possession, he is able to obtain the moonlight rings when Elijah and Marcel kill the werewolves as Hayley brutally kills Francesca. Both Finn and Kol use Davina and Cami to learn what their brothers are up to, while Esther plans ahead.
24
2 "Alive and Kicking" Jeffrey Hunt Michelle Paradise & Michael Narducci October 13, 2014 (2014-10-13) 3J5202 1.29[3]
Ever since she killed Francesca, Hayley has changed, and Elijah suggests to Klaus to help her out. Esther moves on with her plan, as she has started making more moonlight rings to lost werewolves. Per order by Esther, Davina is attacked by a group of werewolves, and has to call for Mikael's help. Just when Elijah and Marcel arrive, they find the secret that Davina has been hiding. Hayley has her wolf pack in Klaus and Elijah's house, while Klaus has a meeting with Esther. In the end, when Esther asks Kol how Davina managed to kill all of the werewolves, Kol doesn't mention Mikael's return.
25
3 "Every Mother's Son" Dermott Downs Christopher Hollier October 20, 2014 (2014-10-20) 3J5203 1.27[4]
Klaus and Elijah receive a dinner invitation from their mother. Elijah visits Marcel to find a witch named Lenora who can help them identify into whose body Esther jumps next, unfortunately, Vincent/Finn has her abducted. Vincent/Finn arrives the dinner and tries to know why his younger siblings had him daggered in a coffin for 900 years. It is revealed in the course of their meal that the necklace which Esther gifted Klaus wasn't meant to protect him but to weaken him in order not break his werewolf curse. After this revelation, Esther jumps out of teenaged Cassie and the spell Lenora casts falls on her and she is Identified as Esther through a mark. She tells her sons she wants to heal and not to harm, and give them a new life and she vanishes in a mysterious way. Haley admits later on that she is tempted by the offer and accuses Elijah of not being caring. Elijah agrees to help Gia which is a big advantage to the other vampires including Marcel. Esther and Finn discuss plans to make their family whole again.
26
4 "Live and Let Die" Jeffrey Hunt Ashley Lyle & Bart Nickerson October 27, 2014 (2014-10-27) 3J5204 1.31[5]
Knowing that it's only a matter of time before Klaus comes after them, Davina hides with Mikael in her family cabin in the woods. When Hayley gets a tip that Vincent/Finn is recruiting young, unsuspecting teenagers in order to build a werewolf army, she enlists the help of Elijah, Marcel and Gia to rescue the group. After Cami inadvertently lets Klaus in on Davina's whereabouts, she tags along in an attempt to truly understand the deeply rooted hatred he has for his parents. At his mother's urging, Kaleb/Kol seeks out Davina in order to locate the missing White Oak Stake and is caught off guard when he has a dangerous encounter at the cabin.Josh, who continues to struggle with his vampire identity, opens up to an unexpected ally. Lastly, Elijah is caught and kidnapped by Esther.
27
5 "Red Door" Michael Robison Declan de Barra & Diane Ademu-John November 3, 2014 (2014-11-03) 3J5205 1.09[6]
In order to show Elijah that her plan is what's best for him, Esther forces him to relive a time long ago when he loved a young woman named Tatia, Amara's doppelganger. With the help of Marcel and Gia, Hayley is determined to find Elijah, who has gone missing but is torn when she discovers that Klaus is also in trouble. Elsewhere, Cami finds herself in a dangerous situation when Mikael takes her hostage as a way to lure Klaus to him, and Davina finds out who Kaleb really is. Lastly, a violent confrontation ensues when Klaus comes face-to-face with his father.
28
6 "Wheel Inside the Wheel" Matt Hastings Michael Russo & Michael Narducci November 10, 2014 (2014-11-10) 3J5206 1.46[7]
Fed up with her antics, Klaus becomes agitated and demands that Esther release Elijah, whom she has captured. However, Esther reveals a few dark secrets from Klaus' past in an attempt to make him an offer he can't refuse. Meanwhile, Oliver ends up in a dangerous situation, prompting Hayley to reconnect with Jackson, who has been living a new life out in the bayou. Elsewhere, Cami, who still believes baby Hope's death was her fault, teams up with Marcel and Gia after she becomes suspicious of her faculty advisor Vincent/Finn. Lastly, in a surprising turn of events, Klaus comes face-to-face with his true father who came back from the dead. In flashbacks to Esther's past we see why she wanted to kill Klaus' daughter Hope.
29
7 "Chasing the Devil's Tail" Jesse Warn Carina Adly Mackenzie & Christopher Hollier November 17, 2014 (2014-11-17) 3J5207 1.44[8]
When Klaus discovers that Elijah has been afflicted by Esther's magic, he heads to the bayou in search of an antidote, but quickly realizes he's not alone. His father helps him with finding cure for his brother and also tells his son he knows that Hope is still alive so Klaus kills him to protect her. Armed with intel gathered by Aiden, Hayley teams up with him Marcel, Cami and Josh and launches a plan to take down Vincent/Finn by exploating his weakness, in a surprising turns of events Jackson helps them. Meanwhile, with Esther determined to carry out her plan vincent/Finn and Kaleb/Kol are forced to reconsider their own strategies. Intrigued by Davina's unwavering attempts to create an unlinking spell, Kaleb/Kol lets her in on some secrets from his past and brings her to a place he frequented in 1914. Lastly, Vincent/Finn and Kaleb/Kol are being kidnapped by Hayley and Marcel. Elijah wakes up.
30
8 "The Brothers That Care Forgot" Michael Allowitz Charlie Charbonneau & Michelle Paradise November 24, 2014 (2014-11-24) 3J5208 1.26[9]
Rebekah, who was spent months away living a normal life with baby Hope, finds herself on the run when she realizes that Esther found them. Convinced that Vincent/Finn and Kaleb/Kol would be powerful allies in his fight to take down Esther, Klaus sets a plan in motion to turn his brothers against their mother. Meanwhile, Hayley is conflicted when she and Jackson stumble upon an ancient ritual that would get their werewolf packs out from under Esther's control, but would require her to make a tremendous sacrifice. The ritual is about Hayley and Jackson getting married so that their packs can have Hayley's hybrid powers. Elsewhere, Rebekah is meeting with Elijah and is concerned when she notices something is off with him. Finally, Davina takes matters into her own hands by turning to dark magic so she can poison Klaus, and Cami finds out that Esther prepared her body for Rebekah to jump into it. Lastly, we see Klaus talking with Rebekah about Elijah and then he and Hayley are going to see their daughter.
31
9 "The Map of Moments" Leslie Libman Marguerite MacIntyre & Julie Plec December 8, 2014 (2014-12-08) 3J5209 1.41[10]
In 1914, Kol was dating a witch called Mary Alice Claire, and taught her and her friend Astrid dark magic to use against his family using a magical object. When his family found out he was betraying them, they stole the object, put Kol in a coffin when Rebekah found him trying to get it back and locked Mary and Astrid in a house used by the coven to place insane witches. In present day, Kol wants Davina's help to get the object back. Hayley and Klaus find their daughter and spend time with her. Hayley and Elijah make love. Kol kisses Davina. They make a plan to stop Esther with Kol which involves making her think Rebekah wants to switch bodies. Davina tries to stop Esther using Cami's body (chosen by Finn) and place her in the body of another (chosen by Kol). Rebekah makes Esther a vampire, but finds Kol hasn't forgiven her in helping to stop him steal the object and betrays her by placing her soul in the body of a witch.
32
10 "Gonna Set Your Flag on Fire" Rob Hardy Ashley Lyle & Bart Nickerson January 19, 2015 (2015-01-19) 3J5210 1.52[11]
Finn puts a spell on the compound, trapping wolves and vampires. Klaus takes Cami to the safe house, then confronts Kol about Rebekah's whereabouts. At the end of the episode, it is revealed that the ghost who talked to Rebekah is Freya.
33
11 "Brotherhood of the Damned" Sylvain White Kyle Arrington & Diane Ademu-John January 26, 2015 (2015-01-26) 3J5212 1.74[12]
Finn captures his brother's spirits, while the vampires remain trapped and their hunger grows.
34
12 "Sanctuary" Matt Hastings Declan de Barra & Michael Narducci February 2, 2015 (2015-02-02) 3J5211 1.47[13]
35
13 "The Devil is Damned" Lance Anderson Christopher Hollier & Julie Plec February 9, 2015 (2015-02-09) 3J5213 1.22[14]
Alpha werewolves have come to join Jackson's pack, so that the power from the marriage to Hayley will also spread to them and their packs. Freya finds Finn, who has sent Marcel and Kol to collect the blood of Hayley and Klaus which will help him locate the "miracle baby" which he believes is still alive and is the big secret Klaus is keeping. However, Marcel is busy trying to keep his vampires from feeding on the Alphas and once again, Kol changes sides and helps Klaus in hope that he and his other siblings will trust him. Meanwhile Finn has arrived at the house where Elijah, Cami and Hope have been staying. He stumbles upon Elijah and stakes him before searching for the baby. Kol and Rebekah channel Klaus, to overload Finn with magic. Elijah wakes up moments later and goes after Finn, determined to save Hope. Finn is overloaded with magic and loses his extra power before Elijah makes the house (which is filled with gas) explode. The episode ends with a glimpse at baby Hope, alluding to her possible powers.
36
14 "I Love You, Goodbye" Matt Hastings Carina Adly MacKenzie & Michael Narducci February 16, 2015 (2015-02-16) 3J5214 1.44[15]
Cami rushes away from the house and stops at a payphone where Elijah meets her and Hope. Klaus offers his house for the location of Jackson and Hayley's wedding. Just before the wedding Elijah and Cami arrive at the house and Hope is reunited with her parents. Hayley doesn't want Elijah to change her mind about the wedding and she goes on to marry Jackson. During the reception, Klaus makes a toast inviting the newly weds to live in the house. Elijah thinks that Klaus dislikes Jackson as he will end up being a better father figure than he is, and Klaus thinks Elijah wants Jackson dead because he is in love with Hayley. Elijah tells Hayley he may move out. Meanwhile, Aiden and Josh are comfortable together and Kol and Devina complete the dagger they have been working on and Freya raises Finn back from the dead. The episode ends with Elijah, Rebekah, Klaus and Davina surrounding Kol as he dies, and Rebekah promising to resurrect him.
37
15 "They All Asked for You" Chris Grismer Michelle Paradise March 9, 2015 (2015-03-09) 3J5215 1.40[16]
Rebekah aligns with Marcel when she encounters a coven of vengeful witches and discovers the body she is currently inhabiting has a checkered past. Elijah contacts a respected elder witch to help Rebekah. Meanwhile, Klaus clashes with Hayley and Jackson over how to protect baby Hope from Finn; and Freya convinces Finn to bring her to Mikael, the father she hasn't seen in over a thousand years.
38
16 "Save My Soul" Kellie Cyrus Michael Russo March 16, 2015 (2015-03-16) 3J5216 1.25[17]
Klaus invites Freya to the compound to gain more insight into her past with Dahlia; Rebekah begins to realize the body she is inhabiting is trying to regain control; Jackson becomes frustrated when Aiden questions his leadership skills; Marcel turns to Vincent for help to save Rebekah.
39
17 "Exquisite Corpse" Dermott Downs Declan de Barra & Diane Ademu-John April 6, 2015 (2015-04-06) 3J5217 1.12[18]
Eva Sinclair's reemergence leaves Rebekah trapped, so Klaus puts aside his mistrust for Freya to save Rebekah's life. Meanwhile, Hayley and Elijah learn more about Eva's violent past; and Marcel turns to Vincent for help to take down Eva, but his plan takes an unexpected turn.
40
18 "Night Has A Thousand Eyes" Jesse Warn Ashley Lyle & Bart Nickerson April 13, 2015 (2015-04-13) 3J5218 1.01[19]
Klaus comes face-to-face with a deadly threat when he tries to vanquish Dahlia. Meanwhile, Elijah and Marcel prepare a safe house in Algiers with help from Josephine; Jackson approaches Hayley with a risky idea; and Aiden becomes torn between his loyalty to Jackson and his secret alliance with Klaus.
41
19 "When The Levee Breaks" Bethany Rooney Marguerite MacIntyre April 20, 2015 (2015-04-20) 3J5219 1.30[20]
Dahlia gives Klaus and Hayley a deadline for turning over baby Hope, and they each devise dangerous plans in their fight against her. Meanwhile, Freya gives Rebekah and Elijah an ultimatum; and Marcel considers how to best deal with Klaus' erratic behavior.
42
20 "City Beneath the Sea" Leslie Libman Carina Adly MacKenzie & Charlie Charbonneau April 27, 2015 (2015-04-27) 3J5220 1.20[21]
Dahlia reveals to Klaus some startling details about baby Hope and makes him an enticing proposition. Meanwhile, Elijah and Freya come up with opposing ideas on how to handle Dahlia's looming deadline; Vincent approaches Davina with an intriguing offer; and Hayley makes a difficult decision about her and Hope's future.
43
21 "Fire with Fire" David Straiton Michael Narducci May 4, 2015 (2015-05-04) 3J5221 1.14[22]
Klaus vows revenge when he learns he's been betrayed by his own siblings; Elijah, Rebekah and Freya try to take down Dahlia; Hayley tries to escape through the flooded bayou; Davina considers an offer that would bring back Kol; Marcel faces a new threat.
44
22 "Ashes to Ashes" Matt Hastings Christopher Hollier & Diane Ademu-John May 11, 2015 (2015-05-11) 3J5222 1.19[23]
Season 2 ends with tensions between the Mikaelson siblings coming to a head. Meanwhile, Elijah and Rebekah reconsider their plan of attack against Dahlia; Davina gets a step closer to fulfilling her promise to Kol; and Vincent is torn between prospects of a magic-free life away from New Orleans and a personal obligation to protect Davina.
Production[edit]
This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (May 2015)
Reception[edit]
This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (May 2015)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (February 13, 2014). "'Reign', 'Arrow', 'Supernatural', 'The Originals' & 'The Vampire Diaries' Renewed by The CW". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (October 16, 2014). "Revised Monday, October 6 Final Ratings: 'The Big Bang Theory', 'The Voice', 'Scorpion', 'NCIS: Los Angeles' Adjusted Up; 'Dancing With The Stars' & 'Castle' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (October 14, 2014). "Monday Final Ratings: 'The Voice' & 'Dancing With the Stars' Adjusted Up; 'The Big Bang Theory' & 'Castle' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (October 21, 2014). "Monday Final Ratings: 'The Big Bang Theory', 'The Voice' & 'Gotham' Adjusted Up; 'Jane the Virgin', 'The Originals', 'The Millers' & 'Castle' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (October 28, 2014). "Monday Final Ratings: 'The Voice' & 'Scorpion' Adjusted Up; 'Dancing With the Stars', 'Castle', 'The Millers' & 'The Blacklist' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (November 4, 2014). "Monday Final Ratings: 'The Voice' Adjusted Up; 'Jane the Virgin', 'Dancing With the Stars', 'The Originals', 'Countdown to the CMAs' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (November 11, 2014). "Monday Final Ratings: 'Dancing With The Stars' & 'Castle' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (November 18, 2014). "Monday Final Ratings: 'The Voice' & 'Sleepy Hollow' Adjusted Up; 'Dancing With the Stars' & 'Castle' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (November 25, 2014). "Monday Final Ratings: 'Dancing With The Stars' Adjusted Up; 'The Voice', 'Castle', '2 Broke Girls', 'Scorpion' & 'State of Affairs' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (December 9, 2014). "Monday Final Ratings: 'Mike & Molly' Adjusted Up; 'The Great Christmas Light Fight' & 'Castle' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (January 21, 2015). "Monday Final Ratings: 'Scorpion', 'Castle' & 'The Celebrity Apprentice' Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (January 27, 2015). "Monday Final Ratings: 'The Bachelor' and 'Sleepy Hollow' Adjusted Up; No Adjustment for 'Jane the Virgin'". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (February 3, 2015). "Monday Final Ratings: No Adjustments to 'Gotham', 'Sleepy Hollow', 'The Originals' or 'Jane The Virgin'". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (February 10, 2015). "Monday Final Ratings: 'NCIS: LA' & 'Scorpion' Adjusted Up, No Adjustment for 'Jane the Virgin' or 'Gotham'". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (February 18, 2015). "Monday Final Ratings: 'The Bachelor' & 'The Celebrity Apprentice' Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (March 10, 2015). "Monday Final Ratings: 'The Voice', 'The Bachelor', '2 Broke Girls', 'Mike & Molly' & 'NCIS: LA' Adjusted Up; 'The Night Shift' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (March 17, 2015). "Monday Final Ratings: 'The Voice', 'Dancing With The Stars', 'Mike & Molly' & 'Jane The Virgin' Adjusted Up; 'The Night Shift' & 'The Originals' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (April 7, 2015). "Monday Final Ratings: No Adjustment for 'Jane the Virgin' or 'The Night Shift' + Final NCAA Basketball Ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (April 14, 2015). "Monday Final Ratings: 'The Voice' & 'Dancing With The Stars' Adjusted Up; 'The Originals', 'Jane The Virgin' & 'The Night Shift' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (April 21, 2015). "Monday Final Ratings: 'Scorpion', '2 Broke Girls', 'Mike & Molly', Gotham', 'The Voice' & 'Dancing With the Stars' Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (April 28, 2015). "Monday Final Ratings: '2 Broke Girls', 'Mike & Molly', 'Stalker' & 'The Night Shift' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (May 5, 2015). "Monday Final Ratings: '2 Broke Girls' & 'Mike and Molly' Adjusted Up; No Adjustment for 'Jane the Virgin'". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (May 12, 2015). "Monday Final Ratings: 'Dancing With the Stars' & 'The Following' Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
[hide]
v
t
e
The Vampire Diaries
Episodes
Season 1
"Pilot"
"The Night of the Comet"
"Friday Night Bites"
"Family Ties"
"You're Undead to Me"
"Lost Girls"
"Haunted"
"162 Candles"
"History Repeating"
"The Turning Point"
"Bloodlines"
"Unpleasantville"
"Children of the Damned"
"Fool Me Once"
"A Few Good Men"
"There Goes the Neighborhood"
"Let the Right One In"
"Under Control"
"Miss Mystic Falls"
"Blood Brothers"
"Isobel"
"Founder's Day"
Season 2
"The Return"
"Brave New World"
"Bad Moon Rising"
"Memory Lane"
"Kill or Be Killed"
"Plan B"
"Masquerade"
"Rose"
"Katerina"
"The Sacrifice"
"By the Light of the Moon"
"The Descent"
"Daddy Issues"
"Crying Wolf"
"The Dinner Party"
"The House Guest"
"Know Thy Enemy"
"The Last Dance"
"Klaus"
"The Last Day"
"The Sun Also Rises"
"As I Lay Dying"
Season 3
"The Birthday"
"The Hybrid"
"The End of the Affair"
"Disturbing Behavior"
"The Reckoning"
"Smells Like Teen Spirit"
"Ghost World"
"Ordinary People"
"Homecoming"
"The New Deal"
"Our Town"
"The Ties That Bind"
"Bringing Out the Dead"
"Dangerous Liaisons"
"All My Children"
"The Departed"
Season 4
"Growing Pains"
"Memorial"
"The Rager"
"The Five"
"The Killer"
"We All Go a Little Mad Sometimes"
"My Brother's Keeper"
"We'll Always Have Bourbon Street"
"O Come, All Ye Faithful"
"After School Special"
"Catch Me If You Can"
"A View to a Kill"
Season 5
"I Know What You Did Last Summer"
"True Lies"
"Original Sin"
"For Whom the Bell Tolls"
"Monster's Ball"
"Handle with Care"
"Death and the Maiden"
"Dead Man on Campus"
"The Cell"
"Fifty Shades of Grayson"
"500 Years of Solitude"
"The Devil Inside"
"Total Eclipse of the Heart"
"No Exit"
"Gone Girl"
"While You Were Sleeping"
"Rescue Me"
"Resident Evil"
"Man on Fire"
"What Lies Beneath"
"Promised Land"
"Home"
Season 6
"I'll Remember"
"Yellow Ledbetter"
"Welcome to Paradise"
"Black Hole Sun"
"The World Has Turned and Left Me Here"
"The More You Ignore Me, the Closer I Get"
"Do You Remember the First Time?"
"Fade Into You"
"I Alone"
Season 7
"Gods and Monsters"
Season 8
"I Was Feeling Epic"
Characters
Elena Gilbert
Katherine Pierce
Stefan Salvatore
Damon Salvatore
Related
Awards and nominations
Novel series
L. J. Smith
Original Vampires
The Originals
episodes
season 1
2
3
4
5
characters
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Originals_(season_2)&oldid=811179368"
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Nix v. Hedden
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Nix v. Hedden
Supreme Court of the United States
Submitted April 24, 1892
Decided May 10, 1893
Full case name
John Nix, John W. Nix, George W. Nix, and Frank W. Nix v. Edward L. Hedden, Collector of the Port of New York
Citations
149 U.S. 304 (more)
149 U.S. 304; 13 S. Ct. 981; 37 L. Ed. 745; 1893 U.S. LEXIS 2303
Prior history
Judgment for defendant, 39 F. 109 (C.C. S.D.N.Y. 1889)
Subsequent history
None
Holding
Tomatoes are "vegetables" and not "fruit" within the meaning of the Tariff Act of 1883 based on the common meaning of those words.
Court membership
Chief Justice
Melville Fuller
Associate Justices
Stephen J. Field · John M. Harlan
Horace Gray · Samuel Blatchford
David J. Brewer · Henry B. Brown
George Shiras, Jr. · Howell E. Jackson
Case opinions
Majority
Gray, joined by unanimous
Laws applied
Tariff Act of 1883 (Mongrel Tariff)
Nix v. Hedden, 149 U.S. 304 (1893),[1] was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States that, under U.S. customs regulations, the tomato should be classified as a vegetable rather than a fruit. The Court's unanimous opinion held that the Tariff Act of 1883 used the ordinary meaning of the words "fruit" and "vegetable," instead of the technical botanical meaning.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background of the case
2 The Court's decision
3 Subsequent jurisprudence
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References
7 External links
Background of the case[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
John Nix founded the John Nix & Co. fruit commission in New York City in 1839. The company became one of the largest sellers of produce in New York City at the time, and was one one of the first companies to ship produce from Virginia, Florida, and Bermuda to New York.[2]
In 1883, President Chester A. Arthur signed the Tariff Act of March 3, 1883, requiring a tax to be paid on imported vegetables, but not fruit. The John Nix & Co. company filed a suit by against Edward L. Hedden, Collector of the Port of New York, to recover back duties paid under protest. They argued against the tariff by pointing out that, botanically, a tomato is a fruit due to its seed-bearing structure growing from the flowering part of a plant.[3]
At the trial, the plaintiffs' counsel entered into evidence definitions of the words "fruit" and "vegetables" from Webster's Dictionary, Worcester's Dictionary, and the Imperial Dictionary. They called two witnesses, who had been in the business of selling fruit and vegetables for 30 years, and asked them, after hearing these definitions, to say whether these words had "any special meaning in trade or commerce, different from those read."
During testimony, one witness testified that in regard to the dictionary definition:
[the dictionary] does not classify all things there, but they are correct as far as they go. It does not take all kinds of fruit or vegetables; it takes a portion of them. I think the words 'fruit' and 'vegetable' have the same meaning in trade today that they had on March 1, 1883. I understand that the term 'fruit' is applied in trade only to such plants or parts of plants as contain the seeds. There are more vegetables than those in the enumeration given in Webster's Dictionary under the term 'vegetable,' as 'cabbage, cauliflower, turnips, potatoes, peas, beans, and the like,' probably covered by the words 'and the like'
Another witness testified that "I don't think the term 'fruit' or the term 'vegetables' had, in March 1883, and prior thereto, any special meaning in trade and commerce in this country different from that which I have read here from the dictionaries."[4]
Both the plaintiffs' counsel and the defendant's counsel made use of the dictionaries. The plaintiffs' counsel read in evidence from the same dictionaries the definitions of the word tomato, while the defendant's counsel then read in evidence from Webster's Dictionary the definitions of the words pea, eggplant, cucumber, squash, and pepper.[5] Countering this, the plaintiff then read in evidence from Webster's and Worcester's dictionaries the definitions of potato, turnip, parsnip, cauliflower, cabbage, carrot and bean.
The Court's decision[edit]
Botanically, a tomato is a fruit. However, in common parlance it is seen as a vegetable; hence the United States Supreme Court ruled that a tomato is a vegetable for the purposes of the customs regulations.
The court unanimously decided in favor of the respondent and found that the tomato should be classified under the customs regulations as a vegetable, based on the ways in which it is used, and the popular perception to this end. Justice Horace Gray, writing the opinion for the Court, stated that:
The passages cited from the dictionaries define the word 'fruit' as the seed of plants, or that part of plants which contains the seed, and especially the juicy, pulpy products of certain plants, covering and containing the seed. These definitions have no tendency to show that tomatoes are 'fruit,' as distinguished from 'vegetables,' in common speech, or within the meaning of the tariff act.
Justice Gray, citing several Supreme Court cases (Brown v. Piper, 91 U.S. 37, 42, and Jones v. U.S., 137 U.S. 202, 216) stated that when words have acquired no special meaning in trade or commerce, the ordinary meaning must be used by the court. In this case dictionaries cannot be admitted as evidence, but only as aids to the memory and understanding of the court. Gray acknowledged that botanically, tomatoes are classified as a "fruit of the vine"; nevertheless, they are seen as vegetables because they were usually eaten as a main course instead of being eaten as a dessert. In making his decision, Justice Gray mentioned another case where it had been claimed that beans were seeds — Justice Bradley, in Robertson v. Salomon, 130 U.S. 412, 414, similarly found that though a bean is botanically a seed, in common parlance a bean is seen as a vegetable. While on the subject, Gray clarified the status of the cucumber, squash, pea, and bean.
Subsequent jurisprudence[edit]
Nix has been cited in three Supreme Court decisions as a precedent for court interpretation of common meanings, especially dictionary definitions. (Sonn v. Maggone, 159 U.S. 417 (1895); Saltonstall v. Wiebusch & Hilger, 156 U.S. 601 (1895); and Cadwalder v. Zeh, 151 U.S. 171 (1894)). Additionally, in JSG Trading Corp. v. Tray-Wrap, Inc., 917 F.2d 75 (2d Cir. 1990), a case unrelated to Nix aside from the shared focus on tomatoes, a judge wrote the following paragraph citing the case:
In common parlance tomatoes are vegetables, as the Supreme Court observed long ago [see Nix v. Hedden 149 U.S. 304, 307, 13 S.Ct. 881, 882, 37 L.Ed. 745 (1893)], although botanically speaking they are actually a fruit. [26 Encyclopedia Americana 832 (Int'l. ed. 1981)]. Regardless of classification, people have been enjoying tomatoes for centuries; even Mr. Pickwick, as Dickens relates, ate his chops in "tomata" sauce.
In 2005, supporters in the New Jersey legislature cited Nix as a basis for a bill designating the tomato as the official state vegetable.[6]
See also[edit]
Carrot – defined to be a fruit in European Union law, for the purpose of jam classification; Annex III(A)(1), Council Directive 2001/113/EC of 20 December 2001 relating to fruit jams, jellies and marmalades and sweetened chestnut purée intended for human consumption
Ketchup as a vegetable
Jaffa Cakes, the subject of a 1991 UK tribunal which decided that they were cakes, rather than biscuits (cookies), which would attract value-added tax.
Toy Biz v. United States – decided that action figures of certain superheroes are legally toys, not dolls
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 149
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Full text of the opinion in Nix v. Hedden courtesy of Findlaw.com.
Jump up ^ "Virginia Truck Farms: How They Supply Food For The Great Cities.". Fruit Trade Journal and Produce Record. 56: 14. January 20, 1917. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Garden Tomato - Solanum lycopersicum - Overview - Encyclopedia of Life". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 2017-07-30.
Jump up ^ 149 U.S. at 305.
Jump up ^ "Are Tomatoes Fruits or Vegetables?". 2010-06-09. Retrieved 2017-07-30.
Jump up ^ State of New Jersey, 212th Legislature, No. A1210
References[edit]
Works related to Nix v. Hedden at Wikisource
External links[edit]
Rocknel Fastener, Inc. v. United States – 34 page PDF covering a similar case hinging on the difference between screws and bolts. The difference is outlined in a 21-page PDF Distinguishing Bolts From Screws.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nix_v._Hedden&oldid=797854611"
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text:
Beryl Markham
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Beryl Markham
Beryl Markham in 1936
Born
Beryl Clutterbuck
26 October 1902
Ashwell, Rutland,
United Kingdom
Died
3 August 1986(1986-08-03) (aged 83)
Nairobi, Kenya, Africa
Occupation
Writer, pilot, horse trainer
Notable works
West with the Night
Beryl Markham (née Clutterbuck, 26 October 1902 – 3 August 1986) was a British-born Kenyan aviator (one of the first bush pilots), adventurer, racehorse trainer and author. She was the first woman to fly solo, non-stop across the Atlantic from east to west. She wrote about her adventures in her memoir, West with the Night.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early years
2 Record flight
3 Rediscovery
4 Authorship controversy
5 In popular culture
6 Legacy and honors
7 Notes
8 References
9 External links
Early years[edit]
Markham was born in the village of Ashwell, in the county of Rutland, England, the daughter of Charles Baldwin Clutterbuck, an accomplished horse trainer, and Clara Agnes (née Alexander) Clutterbuck (1878–1952).[1] She had an older brother, Richard Alexander "Dickie" Clutterbuck (1900–1927). When she was four years old, her father moved the family to Kenya, which was then colonial British East Africa. He purchased a farm in Njoro near the Great Rift Valley, and worked for Hugh Cholmondeley. Although her mother disliked the isolation there and promptly returned to England, Markham stayed in Kenya with her father, where she spent an adventurous childhood learning, playing, and hunting with the local children. Later, after both women had spent time back in England, Markham and her mother, now Kirkpatrick, had returned to Kenya, living near each other in the small expatriate community. Markham would greet her two new half-brothers, but never quite forgave her mother.[citation needed]
On her family's farm, she developed her knowledge of and love for horses. At 18 years old, she became the first licensed female racehorse trainer in Africa and rapidly became a successful and renowned figure among the racing community of Kenya. She trained six winners of the Kenya Derby.
Adventurous, independent thinking, and beautiful, Markham was admired and described as a noted non-conformist, even in a colony known for its colourful eccentrics. She was married three times, taking the name Markham from her second husband, the wealthy Mansfield Markham, with whom she had a son, Gervase. She had a public affair in 1929 with Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, the son of George V, but the Windsors allegedly cut the romance short. She also had an affair with Hubert Broad, who was later named by Mansfield Markham as a co-respondent in his 1937 divorce from Beryl.[2] After her Atlantic crossing, she returned to be with Broad, who was also a great influence in her flying career.
She befriended the Danish writer Karen Blixen during the years that Baroness Blixen was managing her family's coffee farm in the Ngong hills outside Nairobi. When Blixen's romantic connection with the hunter and pilot Denys Finch Hatton was winding down, Markham started her own affair with him. He invited her to tour game lands on what turned out to be his fatal flight, but Markham supposedly declined because of a premonition of her flight instructor, British pilot Tom Campbell Black.[3]
Inspired and coached by Tom Campbell Black, with whom she had a long-term affair, Markham took up flying. She worked for some time as a bush pilot, spotting game animals from the air and signaling their locations to safaris on the ground. She also mingled with the notorious Happy Valley set.
Record flight[edit]
Beryl Markham, circa 1930.
Markham was the first woman to successfully fly across the Atlantic from east to west non-stop. Strong headwinds made the westward trip more difficult than the east-bound flights by Charles Lindbergh and Amelia Earhart. (The first east-west non-stop transatlantic crossing by an aeroplane was made in 1928 by the Bremen, a German Junkers W33 type aircraft, from Baldonnel Airfield in County Dublin, Ireland.[14] On 18 August 1932 Jim Mollison made the first east-to-west solo trans-Atlantic flight; flying from Portmarnock in Ireland to Pennfield, New Brunswick, Canada in a de Havilland Puss Moth.[15])
When Markham decided to take on the Atlantic crossing, no female pilot had yet flown non-stop from Europe to New York, and no woman had made the westward flight solo, though several had died trying. Markham hoped to claim both records. On 4 September 1936, she took off from Abingdon, England. After a 20-hour flight, her Vega Gull, The Messenger, suffered fuel starvation due to icing of the fuel tank vents, and she crash-landed at Baleine Cove on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada. She became the first person to make it from England to North America non-stop from east to west. She was celebrated as an aviation pioneer.[4]
Markham chronicled her many adventures in her memoir, West with the Night, published in 1942. Despite strong reviews in the press, the book sold modestly, and then quickly went out of print.[5] After living for many years in the United States, Markham moved back to Kenya in 1952, becoming for a time the most successful horse trainer in the country.
Rediscovery[edit]
Markham's memoir lingered in obscurity until 1982, when California restaurateur George Gutekunst read a collection of Ernest Hemingway's letters, including one in which Hemingway lavishly praised Markham's writing (if not Markham herself):
“ "Did you read Beryl Markham's book, West with the Night? ...She has written so well, and marvelously well, that I was completely ashamed of myself as a writer. I felt that I was simply a carpenter with words, picking up whatever was furnished on the job and nailing them together and sometimes making an okay pig pen. But this girl, who is to my knowledge very unpleasant and we might even say a high-grade bitch, can write rings around all of us who consider ourselves as writers ... it really is a bloody wonderful book." ”
Intrigued, Gutekunst read West with the Night and became so enamored of Markham's prose that he helped persuade a California publisher, North Point Press, to re-issue the book in 1983. The re-release of the book launched a remarkable final chapter in the life of the eighty-year-old Markham, who was lauded for her three final years as a great author as well as flyer.
When found in Kenya by AP East Africa correspondent Barry Shlachter, Markham was living in poverty. She had recently been badly beaten during a burglary at her house near the Nairobi racetrack, where she still trained thoroughbreds.[6] The success of the re-issue of West with the Night provided enough income for Markham to finish her life in relative comfort. Earlier, she had been supported by a circle of friends and owners of race horses she trained into her 80s. The book became a surprising best-seller, spurred by the 1986 broadcast of a public television documentary about Markham's life, World Without Walls: Beryl Markham's African Memoir, produced by Gutekunst, Shlachter, Joan Saffa, Stephen Talbot and Judy Flannery in collaboration with KQED-TV in San Francisco. Gutekunst and Shlachter had approached the station to co-operate on the documentary, directed by Andrew Maxwell-Hyslop. British actress Diana Quick was the voice of Markham in readings from her memoir and Shlachter conducted the interviews. CNN Africa correspondent Gary Streiker did the filming for the well-reviewed, award-winning PBS program.[7]
Markham died in Nairobi in 1986. Her short stories were posthumously collected in The Splendid Outcast, with an introduction by Mary S. Lovell. A tale from West with the Night was excerpted and illustrated by Don Brown as a children's book, The Good Lion. In 1988, CBS aired the biographical miniseries, Beryl Markham: A Shadow on the Sun, with Stefanie Powers in the title role.
Authorship controversy[edit]
Critics raised questions as to whether Markham was the true, or sole author of West with the Night, when her ex-husband made claims to the book. Evidence abounds that she was indeed the sole author; copies of the manuscripts sent to her editor prior to Beryl meeting her ex-husband quickly silenced the critics and his claims. Criticism of this sort was often made of women writers during a time of little respect for a woman's success.
Author Mary S. Lovell visited Markham in Nairobi and interviewed her extensively shortly before Markham's death, in preparation for her biography, Straight On Till Morning (1987). From her research, Lovell concluded that Markham was the sole author, although Schumacher made some basic edits to the manuscript. Instead, Lovell suggests Antoine de Saint Exupéry, another of Markham's lovers, may have served as inspiration for Markham's clear, elegant language and storytelling style.[8]
In popular culture[edit]
In the film adaptation of Blixen's memoir, Out of Africa (1985), Markham is represented as an outspoken, horse-riding tomboy named Felicity.
1986, a United States public television documentary about Markham's life, World Without Walls: Beryl Markham's African Memoir, was produced by Gutekunst, Shlachter, Joan Saffa, Stephen Talbot and Judy Flannery in collaboration with KQED-TV.
Stefanie Powers portrayed her in a made-for-TV film called Beryl Markham: In The Shadow of the Sun in 1988.
In the BBC-TV series, Heat of the Sun (1998), set in 1930s Kenya, the character of Emma Fitzgerald, an independent aviator played by Susannah Harker, appears to be modelled after Markham.
A novel written by Paula McLain about Markham's life, Circling the Sun, was released in 2015.
Legacy and honors[edit]
The International Astronomical Union has named the impact crater Markham, on the planet Venus, after her.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Lovell, Mary S., Straight on Till Morning, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987, p. 3
Jump up ^ "Divorce Court File: 7428. Appellant: Mansfield Markham. Respondent: Beryl Markham..." nationalarchives.gov.uk. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
Jump up ^ Markham, Beryl, West with the Night, North Point Press, 1983, p. 194
Jump up ^ Lovell, Mary S., Straight on Till Morning, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987, p. 175
Jump up ^ Lovell, Mary S., Straight On Till Morning, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987, p. 236
Jump up ^ Shlachter, Barry, "A Life of Adventure Rediscovered: Beryl Markham's 1942 Book, Lauded by Hemingway, Reprinted," The Associated Press, "International Herald Tribune," 16 June 1983, Paris.
Jump up ^ Mitgang, Herbert [1]"The New York Times", 8 October 1986, and 5 November 1986 CORRECTION."'World Without Walls,' About Beryl Markham".
Jump up ^ Lovell, Mary S., Straight on Till Morning, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987, pp. 218–220
References[edit]
Markham, Beryl. West with the Night. San Francisco: North Point Press, 1983 [1942]. ISBN 0-86547-118-5.
Lovell, Mary S. Straight on Till Morning: The Biography of Beryl Markham New York: St Martins Press, 1987. ISBN 0-312-01096-6
Shlachter, Barry, "A Life of Adventure Rediscovered: Beryl Markham's 1942 Book, Lauded by Hemingway, Reprinted," The Associated Press, carried by "International Herald Tribune," Paris, 16 June 1983.
Trzebinski, Errol. The Lives of Beryl Markham. New York: W.W. Norton. 1993. ISBN 0-393-03556-5.
Wheeler, Sara. Too Close to the Sun: The Audacious Life and Times of Denys Finch Hatton. New York: Random House. 2006. ISBN 978-1-4000-6069-6.
External links[edit]
"Beryl Markham" page at www.karenblixen.com.
New York Times review of World Without Walls: Beryl Markham's African Memoir (1986)
New York Times review of Beryl Markham: A Shadow on the Sun
Beryl Markham: A Shadow on the Sun on IMDb
Biographer Mary S. Lovell's page for The Splendid Outcast
Kirkpatrick Family archives group sheet for Butterwick line at http://genealogy.kirkpatrickaustralian.com/archives/familygroup.php?familyID=F7266&tree=TKA
Authority control
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SELIBR: 278660
SUDOC: 112229069
BNF: cb120954238 (data)
NLA: 35199665
NDL: 00621072
NKC: ola2010586712
BNE: XX908241
SNAC: w6jm659c
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beryl_Markham&oldid=837020810"
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Tropic of Cancer
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the circle of latitude. For other uses, see Tropic of Cancer (disambiguation).
Coordinates: 23°26′14″N 0°0′0″W / 23.43722°N -0.00000°E / 23.43722; -0.00000 (Prime Meridian)
World map showing the Tropic of Cancer
Carretera 83 (Vía Corta) Zaragoza-Victoria, km 27+800. Of all crossings of the Tropic of Cancer with Mexican federal highways, this is the only place where the latitude is marked with precision and where the annual drift between the years 2005 and 2010 can be appreciated.
The Tropic of Cancer, also referred to as the Northern Tropic, is currently 23°26′13.0″ (or 23.43694°) north of the Equator. It is the most northerly circle of latitude on Earth at which the Sun can be directly overhead. This occurs on the June solstice, when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun to its maximum extent.[1]
Its Southern Hemisphere counterpart, marking the most southerly position at which the Sun can be directly overhead, is the Tropic of Capricorn. These tropics are two of the five major circles of latitude that mark maps of Earth; which also includes the Arctic and Antarctic Circles and the Equator. The positions of these two circles of latitude (relative to the Equator) are dictated by the tilt of Earth's axis of rotation relative to the plane of its orbit.
Contents
[hide]
1 Name
2 Geography
3 Climate
4 Circumnavigation
5 Gallery
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Name[edit]
When this line of latitude was named some 2,000 years ago, the Sun was in the constellation Cancer (Latin for crab) at the June solstice, the time each year that the Sun reaches its zenith at this latitude. Due to the precession of the equinoxes, this is no longer the case; today the Sun is in Taurus at the June solstice. The word "tropic" itself comes from the Greek "trope (τροπή)", meaning turn (change of direction, or circumstances), inclination, referring to the fact that the Sun appears to "turn back" at the solstices.
Geography[edit]
[show]Map all coordinates using OSM
Map all coordinates using Google
Export all coordinates as KML
Export all coordinates as GPX
Map all microformatted coordinates
Place data as RDF
The Tropic of Cancer's position is not fixed, but varies in a complicated manner over time. Currently, it gradually drifts south almost half an arcsecond (0.468″) of latitude, or 15 metres, per year (it was at exactly 23° 27′ in 1917 and will be at 23° 26' in 2045).[2] See axial tilt and circles of latitude for further information.
North of the tropic are the subtropics and the North Temperate Zone. The equivalent line of latitude south of the Equator is called the Tropic of Capricorn, and the region between the two, centered on the Equator, is the tropics.
Starting at the prime meridian and heading eastward, the Tropic of Cancer passes through 16 countries:
Co-ordinates
Country, territory or sea
Notes
23°26′N 0°0′E / 23.433°N 0.000°E / 23.433; 0.000 (Prime Meridian)
Algeria
23°26′N 11°51′E / 23.433°N 11.850°E / 23.433; 11.850 (Niger)
Niger
23°26′N 12°17′E / 23.433°N 12.283°E / 23.433; 12.283 (Libya)
Libya
The Tropic touches on the northernmost point of Chad at 23°26′N 15°59′E / 23.433°N 15.983°E / 23.433; 15.983 (Northernmost point of Chad)
23°26′N 25°0′E / 23.433°N 25.000°E / 23.433; 25.000 (Egypt)
Egypt
The Tropic passes through Lake Nasser
23°26′N 35°30′E / 23.433°N 35.500°E / 23.433; 35.500 (Red Sea)
Red Sea
23°26′N 38°38′E / 23.433°N 38.633°E / 23.433; 38.633 (Saudi Arabia)
Saudi Arabia
23°26′N 52°10′E / 23.433°N 52.167°E / 23.433; 52.167 (United Arab Emirates)
United Arab Emirates
Abu Dhabi emirate only
23°26′N 55°24′E / 23.433°N 55.400°E / 23.433; 55.400 (Oman)
Oman
23°26′N 58°46′E / 23.433°N 58.767°E / 23.433; 58.767 (Indian Ocean)
Indian Ocean
Arabian Sea
23°26′N 68°23′E / 23.433°N 68.383°E / 23.433; 68.383 (India)
India
States of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and West Bengal
23°26′N 88°47′E / 23.433°N 88.783°E / 23.433; 88.783 (Bangladesh)
Bangladesh
Khulna, Dhaka, and Chittagong Divisions
23°26′N 91°14′E / 23.433°N 91.233°E / 23.433; 91.233 (India)
India
State of Tripura
23°26′N 91°56′E / 23.433°N 91.933°E / 23.433; 91.933 (Bangladesh)
Bangladesh
Chittagong Division
23°26′N 92°19′E / 23.433°N 92.317°E / 23.433; 92.317 (India)
India
State of Mizoram
23°26′N 93°23′E / 23.433°N 93.383°E / 23.433; 93.383 (Myanmar)
Myanmar
Chin State, Sagaing Division, Mandalay Division, Shan State
23°26′N 98°54′E / 23.433°N 98.900°E / 23.433; 98.900 (China)
China
Provinces of Yunnan (passing about 7 km north of the border with Vietnam), Guangxi, and Guangdong
23°26′N 117°8′E / 23.433°N 117.133°E / 23.433; 117.133 (Taiwan Strait)
Taiwan Strait
23°26′N 120°8′E / 23.433°N 120.133°E / 23.433; 120.133 (Taiwan)
Taiwan
Chiayi County, Hualien County
23°26′N 121°29′E / 23.433°N 121.483°E / 23.433; 121.483 (Philippine Sea)
Philippine Sea
23°26′N 142°00′E / 23.433°N 142.000°E / 23.433; 142.000 (Pacific Ocean)
Pacific Ocean
Passing just south of Necker Island, Hawaii, United States
23°26′N 110°15′W / 23.433°N 110.250°W / 23.433; -110.250 (Mexico)
Mexico
State of Baja California Sur
23°26′N 109°24′W / 23.433°N 109.400°W / 23.433; -109.400 (Gulf of California)
Gulf of California
23°26′N 106°35′W / 23.433°N 106.583°W / 23.433; -106.583 (Mexico)
Mexico
States of Sinaloa, Durango, Zacatecas, San Luis Potosí, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas
23°26′N 97°45′W / 23.433°N 97.750°W / 23.433; -97.750 (Gulf of Mexico)
Gulf of Mexico
23°26′N 83°0′W / 23.433°N 83.000°W / 23.433; -83.000 (Atlantic Ocean)
Atlantic Ocean
Passing through the Straits of Florida and the Nicholas Channel
Passing just south of the Anguilla Cays ( Bahamas)
Passing through the Santaren Channel and into the open ocean
23°26′N 76°0′W / 23.433°N 76.000°W / 23.433; -76.000 (Bahamas)
Bahamas
Exuma Islands and Long Island
23°26′N 75°10′W / 23.433°N 75.167°W / 23.433; -75.167 (Atlantic Ocean)
Atlantic Ocean
23°26′N 15°57′W / 23.433°N 15.950°W / 23.433; -15.950 (Western Sahara)
Western Sahara
Claimed by Morocco and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
23°26′N 12°0′W / 23.433°N 12.000°W / 23.433; -12.000 (Mauritania)
Mauritania
23°26′N 6°23′W / 23.433°N 6.383°W / 23.433; -6.383 (Mali)
Mali
23°26′N 2°23′W / 23.433°N 2.383°W / 23.433; -2.383 (Algeria)
Algeria
Climate[edit]
Relationship between Earth's axial tilt (ε) to the tropical and polar circles
Excluding cooler highland regions in China, the climate at the Tropic of Cancer is generally hot and dry except for easterly coastal areas where orographic rainfall can be very heavy, in some places reaching 4 metres (160 in). Most regions on the Tropic of Cancer experience two distinct seasons: an extremely hot summer with temperatures often reaching 45 °C (113 °F) and a warm winter with maxima around 22 °C (72 °F). Much land on or near the Tropic of Cancer is part of the Sahara Desert, whilst to the east the climate is torrid monsoonal with a short wet season from June to September and very little rainfall for the rest of the year.
The highest mountain on or adjacent to the Tropic of Cancer is Yushan in Taiwan; though it had glaciers descending as low as 2,800 metres (9,190 ft) during the Last Glacial Maximum, none survive and at present no glaciers exist within 470 kilometres (290 mi) of the Tropic of Cancer; the nearest currently surviving are the Minyong and Baishui in the Himalayas to the north and on Iztaccíhuatl to the south.
Circumnavigation[edit]
According to the rules of the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, for a flight to compete for a round-the-world speed record, it must cover a distance no less than the length of the Tropic of Cancer, cross all meridians, and end on the same airfield where it started.
Length of the Tropic on 11 December 2015, at 23°26′14″N is 36,788 kilometres (22,859 mi).[3]
For an ordinary circumnavigation the rules are somewhat relaxed and the distance is set to a rounded value of at least 36,770 kilometres (22,850 mi).
Gallery[edit]
Road sign south of Dakhla, Western Sahara marking the Tropic of Cancer. The sign was placed by Budapest-Bamako rally participants; thus, the inscription is in English and Hungarian.
Sign marking the Tropic of Cancer a few miles from Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India
Sign marking the Tropic of Cancer in Madhya Pradesh, India
Sign marking the Tropic of Cancer on National Highway 34 in Nadia District, West Bengal, India
Tropic of Cancer mark in Ruisui Township, Hualien County, Taiwan
See also[edit]
23rd parallel north
24th parallel north
Tropic of Capricorn
Antarctic Circle
Arctic Circle
Axial tilt
Equator
Milankovitch cycles
Ducking and shaving
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "PHP Science Labs". Retrieved 2014-01-01.
Jump up ^ Montana State University: Milankovitch Cycles & Glaciation Archived August 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ RhumbSolve online rhumb line calculator.
External links[edit]
Look up tropic of cancer in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Article on the Tropic of Cancer in Oman
Temporal Epoch Calculations
Useful constants See: Obliquity of the ecliptic
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Antarctic Circle
Equator
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Arctic Circle
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Tropic of Cancer
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