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Australia's Got Talent
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Australia's Got Talent
Genre
Reality talent show
Created by
Simon Cowell
Ken Warwick
Cécile Frot-Coutaz
Jason Raff
Presented by
Grant Denyer
Julia Morris
Dave Hughes
Judges
Dannii Minogue
Tom Burlinson
Red Symons
Brian McFadden
Kyle Sandilands
Geri Halliwell
Timomatic
Dawn French
Kelly Osbourne
Ian 'Dicko' Dickson
Sophie Monk
Eddie Perfect
Country of origin
Australia
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
8
No. of episodes
109
Production
Producer(s)
FremantleMedia Australia
SYCOtv
Location(s)
Various (auditions)
Regent Theatre, Melbourne (2007–09)
Docklands Studios Melbourne (2010–12)
Fox Studios, Sydney (2013)
Capitol Theatre, Melbourne (2016)
Running time
90 minutes
(including commercials)
Release
Original network
Seven Network (2007–12)
Nine Network (2013, 2016)
Picture format
576i (SDTV)
1080i (HDTV) (2016-)
Original release
18 February 2007 – 14 March 2016
Chronology
Related shows
Britain's Got Talent
America's Got Talent
External links
Website
web.archive.org/web/20130823042958/http://agt.ninemsn.com.au/
Australia's Got Talent is an Australian reality television talent show which premiered on 18 February 2007 on the Seven Network. The show is based on the Got Talent series format that originated in the United Kingdom with Simon Cowell. The original judges were Tom Burlinson, Red Symons and Dannii Minogue. Burlinson and Symons did not return for season four and were replaced by Brian McFadden and Kyle Sandilands. Dawn French, Timomatic and Geri Halliwell joined the panel in season seven as replacements for McFadden and Minogue. All four judges from season seven will be replaced by Kelly Osbourne, Ian "Dicko" Dickson, Sophie Monk and Eddie Perfect in season eight.
The first season aired at 6:30pm on Sunday nights. After a successful run, the series was given a vote of confidence as Seven moved the show to a more competitive Tuesday night timeslot. The second season aired from 29 April 2008.[1] A third season, which aired on Wednesday nights, began on 4 February 2009. Its sixth season was the final season to be broadcast on Seven. The seventh season moved to the Nine Network and began airing on 11 August 2013. On 4 April 2014, it was announced that Nine had axed Australia's Got Talent due to low ratings.[2] On 8 July 2015, Nine announced that the show would be returning in 2016 for an eighth season.[3][4] On 1 February 2016, Australia's Got Talent aired for an eighth season on the Nine Network.
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
2 Judges and hosts
2.1 Judges
3 Series overview
3.1 Season 1 (2007)
3.2 Season 2 (2008)
3.3 Season 3 (2009)
3.4 Season 4 (2010)
3.5 Season 5 (2011)
3.6 Season 6 (2012)
3.7 Season 7 (2013)
3.8 Season 8 (2016)
4 Viewership
5 Awards and nominations
6 References
7 External links
Overview[edit]
Australia's Got Talent is a talent show that features singers, dancers, magicians, comedians and other performers of all ages competing for a top prize of A$250,000
In the first season there were four heats which saw about 20 to 25 acts competing in each heat. Approximately 60 acts in total got the approval from the judges, but only 40 were selected to compete in the semi-finals. In addition, only a fraction of the acts that progress are actually featured in full on the televised episodes. Also in the first series, during the semi-finals stage, each judge buzzed either a cross, or a tick.
The fourth season in 2010 featured a major revamp in the format, now being in tune with the nationwide audition tour conducted in the UK and US versions of the show, where nearly 500 people auditioned in total. In addition, the two existing judges Red Symons and Tom Burlinson were replaced by Brian McFadden and Kyle Sandilands. The production and filming was moved from Regent Theatre, Melbourne to Docklands Studios Melbourne, with a larger sound stage and set.
The logo used for the first and seventh seasons of Australia's Got Talent is similar to the logo used by America's Got Talent. The logo during the second to sixth seasons and season eight is similar to that used by Britain's Got Talent.
Judges and hosts[edit]
Name
Seasons
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Seven Network Nine Network
Tom Burlinson Judge
Red Symons Judge
Grant Denyer Host
Dannii Minogue Judge
Brian McFadden Judge
Kyle Sandilands Judge
Todd McKenney Guest1
Julia Morris Host
Geri Halliwell Judge
Timomatic Judge
Dawn French Judge
Dave Hughes Host
Kelly Osbourne Judge
Sophie Monk Judge
Eddie Perfect Judge
Ian Dickson Judge
Notes
^ Todd McKenney served as a temporary replacement for Kyle Sandilands at the Melbourne auditions and filled in for Brian McFadden during the second final showdown during the sixth season.
Judges[edit]
The original three judges were Dannii Minogue, Tom Burlinson and Red Symons.[5] For the second series, all judges returned, though Minogue was absent for numerous episodes as she was busy filming The X Factor in the United Kingdom.[1] The judges later returned for series 3.[6]
In January 2010, it was made known that the judging panel would undergo a new line-up to accommodate Minogue's pregnancy.[7] Judge Red Symons was strongly tipped to return to the Nine Network to be part of the revived Hey Hey It's Saturday, while Tom Burlinson was rumoured to be dumped from the judging panel.[7] Rumours then began to circulate that Kyle Sandilands and Brian McFadden would be the new judges.[7] On 4 February 2010, Sandilands confirmed on his 2Day FM breakfast radio show that he would be a judge.[8] A press release from the Seven Network on 17 February, confirmed McFadden would also join the new judging panel.[9] All judges returned for the fifth and sixth series of the programme.[10][11][12]
Due to the programme's move to Nine Network in 2013, Sandilands returned as a judge, whilst Minogue and McFadden were axed.[13] Timomatic, Geri Halliwell and Dawn French were announced as the new judges.[14][15]
After it was announced that Australia's Got Talent would be returning to screens in 2016, it was announced that there would be a complete new judging panel, with Sandilands, Timomatic, Halliwell and French being axed.[3][4] It was later confirmed that Kelly Osbourne, Sophie Monk, Eddie Perfect and Ian Dickson would become the new judges.[16]
Judges gallery
Dannii Minogue (2007–12)
Tom Burlinson (2007–09)
Red Symons (2007–09)
Brian McFadden (2010–12)
Kyle Sandilands (2010–13)
Timomatic (2013)
Geri Halliwell (2013)
Dawn French (2013)
Kelly Osbourne (2016)
Sophie Monk (2016)
Eddie Perfect (2016)
Ian Dickson (2016)
Series overview[edit]
Season
Start
Finish
Winner
Runner-up
Host
Judges
Network
1
18 February 2007 28 April 2007 Bonnie Anderson Herb Patten Grant Denyer Dannii Minogue
Tom Burlinson
Red Symons Seven Network
2
29 April 2008 1 July 2008 "Smokin'" Joe Robinson Jourdain
3
4 February 2009 22 April 2009 Mark Vincent Jal Joshua
4
13 April 2010 15 June 2010 Justice Crew Cameron Henderson Dannii Minogue
Kyle Sandilands
Brian McFadden
5
3 May 2011 2 August 2011 Jack Vidgen Cosentino
6
16 April 2012 25 July 2012 Andrew De Silva The Wolfe Brothers
7
11 August 2013 10 November 2013 Uncle Jed Greg Gould Julia Morris Geri Halliwell
Timomatic
Dawn French
Kyle Sandilands Nine Network
8
1 February 2016 14 March 2016 Fletcher Pilon Chris Tamwoy Dave Hughes Kelly Osbourne
Sophie Monk
Eddie Perfect
Ian Dickson
King Social
Matt McClaren
Sisters Doll
Season 1 (2007)[edit]
The first season of Australia's Got Talent premiered on Seven Network on 18 February 2007, becoming the second incarnation of the Got Talent franchise. The original judges were Dannii Minogue, Tom Burlinson and Red Symons. Singer Bonnie Anderson was crowned the winner of the first season on 28 April 2007, followed by Herb Patten finishing in second place.
Season 2 (2008)[edit]
The second season of Australia's Got Talent began broadcasting on 29 April 2008 and finished airing on 1 July. Minogue, Burlinson and Symons all returned as judges. The winner was announced as guitarist Joe Robinson, with Jourdain as runner-up.
Season 3 (2009)[edit]
Main article: Australia's Got Talent (season 3)
Auditions for the third season started in late 2008 and successful contestants were notified in December 2008. Filming began on 15 January 2009.
The winner was declared on 22 April 2009. This grand finale followed the same format as the 2008 one: acts were eliminated in pairs, as well as each judge picking their favorite act to reappear on the show once more. Mark Vincent won the season, while Jal Joshua became the runner-up. On the grand finale, international opera singer and winner of Britain's Got Talent series one, Paul Potts performed live in the studio.
Season 4 (2010)[edit]
Main article: Australia's Got Talent (season 4)
The fourth season of Australia's Got Talent returned on 13 April 2010.[17] Grant Denyer continued as host, while radio DJ Kyle Sandilands and Irish singer Brian McFadden joined Dannii Minogue on the judging panel as replacements for Red Symons and Tom Burlinson.[17] Auditions for the season took place throughout February 2010 in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and Adelaide.[18]
The show was revamped to look more like Britain's Got Talent, in terms of the stage and the shape of the X's used. The opening was also changed to look similar to Britain's Got Talent's opening, with Australian landmarks instead of British landmarks. Previously, the Australia's Got Talent opening was simply a display of the title. The live shows began on 11 May 2010 and ended on 15 June 2010, where dance troupe Justice Crew were crowned the winners.[19] They were awarded a prize of $250,000,[19] while runner-up Cameron Henderson was awarded a runner-up prize of performing at the 2010 AFL Grand Final.[19]
Season 5 (2011)[edit]
Main article: Australia's Got Talent (season 5)
The fifth season of Australia's Got Talent returned on 3 May 2011.[20] All judges (Dannii Minogue, Kyle Sandilands and Brian McFadden) returned for the season, including host Grant Denyer.[20] The producer auditions took place in 16 cities, throughout New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia and the Northern Territory.[21] The successful acts from the auditions were then invited to a second audition in front of the judges and a live audience. These auditions began in Gold Coast on 19 February 2011, followed by three days in Melbourne from 25 February 2011.[22] They also took place in Sydney on 12–13 March 2011, and ended in Perth on 20 March 2011.[22]
The season was won by 14-year-old singer Jack Vidgen.[23]
Season 6 (2012)[edit]
Main article: Australia's Got Talent (season 6)
Auditions began in October 2011 and concluded in December 2011.[24] The sixth season aired on the Seven Network from 16 April 2012 to 25 July 2012. Once again, Dannii Minogue, Kyle Sandilands and Brian McFadden returned as judges and Grant Denyer returned as host.[25] Sandilands was sick during the Melbourne auditions, so Todd McKenney replaced him.[26] McKenney took the place of McFadden during the finals showdown 2. The winner was singer Andrew de Silva with country rock band, The Wolfe Brothers becoming the runner-up.
Season 7 (2013)[edit]
Main article: Australia's Got Talent (season 7)
Auditions began in March 2013 and concluded in June 2013.[27] The seventh season aired on the Nine Network in 2013.[28] Kyle Sandilands returned to the judging panel, while Dannii Minogue and Brian McFadden were replaced by three new judges Dawn French, Timomatic and Geri Halliwell.[29] Julia Morris replaced Grant Denyer as the host.[29] Mel B was originally due to join the judging panel, however an injunction sought by the Seven Network in the Supreme Court of New South Wales in March 2013 blocked her from appearing.[30] The winner was "Funk/Soul/Jazz/Reggae" band Uncle Jed,[31] with band Greg Gould and The Chase becoming the runner-up.
Season 8 (2016)[edit]
Main article: Australia's Got Talent (season 8)
On 8 July 2015, Nine announced that the show would be returning in 2016 for an eighth season. On Monday 4 January, it was announced that Season eight will be on Monday 1 February.[3][4] It is the second season to air on Nine after it was axed in 2013.[32][33] Auditions are open for September and October 2015.[34] On 28 October 2015, it was announced that Halliwell, French, Timomatic and Sandilands have been replaced with a new panel of judges, they are Kelly Osbourne, Ian "Dicko" Dickson, Sophie Monk and Eddie Perfect.[16] Morris will not return as host as she is committed to another show and will be replaced by Dave Hughes as the host. For the first time, it will now include the Golden Buzzer.[35][36] It premiered on 1 February 2016, and ended on 14 March 2016.[37] The winner was Fletcher Pilon. It has been confirmed the series has yet again been cancelled.[38]
Viewership[edit]
Season
Network
Premiere date
Finale date
Episodes
Premiere
ratings
Rank
Finale ratings
(Grand final)
Rank
Finale ratings
(Winner announced)
Rank
Average
series rating
Average
rank
One
Seven Network 18 February 2007 28 April 2007 11 N/A
Two
29 April 2008 1 July 2008 10 1.358 #4 1.733[a] #1[a] 1.587[a] #1[a] 1.306 #2
Three
4 February 2009 22 April 2009 12 1.314 #3 1.510[a] #1[a] 1.610[a] #1[a] 1.342 #3
Four
13 April 2010 15 June 2010 10 1.493 #2 1.831[a] #1[a] 1.939[a] #1[a] 1.561 #3
Five
3 May 2011 2 August 2011 18 1.563 #2 2.316[b] #2[b] 2.855[b] #1[b] 1.702 #1
Six
16 April 2012 25 July 2012 21 1.196 #6 1.109[a] #4[a] 0.998[a] #7[a] 1.031 #8
Seven
Nine Network 11 August 2013 10 November 2013 14 1.044 #6 1.116[b] #4[b] 1.391[b] #1[b] 1.026 #5
Eight
1 February 2016 14 March 2016 13 0.865 #10 0.761[b] #12[b] 0.908[b] #6[b] 0.740 #10
Overall Average
109
1.250
#5
1.482
#4
1.611
#3
1.244
#5
a The Grand Final & Winner Announced are separated into 2 episodes
b The Grand Final & Winner Announced are in one episode
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Nominee
Result
2009
Logie Awards[39] Most Popular Light Entertainment Program Australia's Got Talent Nominated
Most Popular Presenter Grant Denyer Nominated
2012
Logie Awards[40] Most Popular Light Entertainment Program Australia's Got Talent Nominated
Most Outstanding Light Entertainment Program Nominated
2014
Logie Awards[41] Most Popular New Talent Timomatic Nominated
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Airdate: Australia’s Got Talent". 14 April 2008.
Jump up ^ "Seven says axing Australia’s Got Talent was the right decision". 13 August 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Australia's Got Talent – 2015". Fmashows.com. Archived from the original on 9 July 2015. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The Voice and Australia's Got Talent back on Nine in 2016". If Magazine. 8 July 2015. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "Grant Denyer to host Australia's Got Talent" (PDF) (Press release). Seven Network. 2006-12-18. Retrieved 2007-02-03.
Jump up ^ "Week 6". TV Tonight.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Vile Kyle Sandilands could judge again on Australia's Got Talent". News.com.au. 29 January 2010. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "Kyle Sandilands returns to TV as Australia's Got Talent judge". The Australian. Sydney: News Limited. 4 February 2010. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
Jump up ^ Cameron (17 February 2010). "Brian McFadden joins the judging panel on 'Australia's Got Talent'". TVcentral.com.au. Archived from the original on 3 November 2011. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
Jump up ^ Joe (20 April 2011). "Australia's Got Talent 2011 premieres Tuesday May 3". TVcentral.com.au. Retrieved 6 June 2011. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Kate McMahon and Colin Vickery (2 August 2011). "Australia's Got Talent winner Jack Vigden has the world at his feet". Herald Sun. Australia. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Yahoo! 7 (30 September 2011). "Australia's Got Talent". Yahoo!. Australia: Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 5 October 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "Australia's Got Talent set to audition on the Coffs Coast".
Jump up ^ "Dawn Heads Down Under For Talent Show".
Jump up ^ "Timomatic announced as next Australia's Got Talent judge". The Sydney Morning Herald.
^ Jump up to: a b "Nine Upfronts 2016: Nine goes HD, new lifestyle channel -and Daryl Somers returns". 28 October 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Knox, David (1 April 2010). "Returning: Australia's Got Talent". TV Tonight. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
Jump up ^ Cameron (19 January 2010). "'Australia's Got Talent' audition dates". TVcentral.com.au. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c Washbrook, Cyril (15 June 2010). "Justice Crew wins Australia's Got Talent". The Spy Report. Media Spy. Archived from the original on 13 August 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Joe (20 April 2011). "Australia's Got Talent 2011 premieres Tuesday May 3". TVcentral.com.au. Retrieved 6 June 2011. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Knox, David (24 September 2010). "Auditions: Australia's Got Talent". TV Tonight. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Lowie (27 January 2011). "Dannii, Kyle and Brian return to judge Australia's Talent". The Spy Report. Media Spy. Archived from the original on 11 April 2011. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "Jack Vidgen wins Australia's Got Talent". The Spy Report. Media Spy. 3 August 2011. Archived from the original on 15 April 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "Australia's Got Auditions!". Yahoo! 7. Yahoo!. 30 September 2011. Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "Australia's Got Talent - Official Website". Yahoo! 7. Yahoo!. 30 September 2011. Archived from the original on 5 October 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "Todd, isn't that Kyle's spot?".
Jump up ^ "Non-Existent Domain".
Jump up ^ "Nine's got Australia's Got Talent".
^ Jump up to: a b http://www.perthnow.com.au/entertainment/television/julia-morris-to-host-channel-9s-australias-got-talent/story-fnhofr4t-1226619692340
Jump up ^ Gardiner, Stephanie. "Mel B blocked from Australia's Got Talent role".
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
Jump up ^ "Nine reviving Australia’s Got Talent. Renewed: The Voice.". 8 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "Nine to revive Australia's Got Talent in 2016 - Mumbrella". 8 July 2015.
Jump up ^ Galvin, Nick. "Nine bringing back Australia's Got Talent, The Voice".
Jump up ^ "Back from the Dead! Australia's Got Talent returns to Nine in 2016".
Jump up ^ "Subscribe to the Herald Sun".
Jump up ^ Knox, David (5 January 2016). "Airdate: Australia’s Got Talent". TV Tonight. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (28 December 2016). "Axed in 2016". news.com.au. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (4 May 2009). "2009 Logie Awards: Winners". TV Tonight. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (15 April 2012). "2012 Logie Awards: Winners". TV Tonight. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (27 April 2014). "Logie Awards 2014: Winners". TV Tonight. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
External links[edit]
Official Auditions site
Australia's Got Talent on IMDb
Australia's Got Talent at TV.com
[show]
v
t
e
Australia's Got Talent
Seasons
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Winners
Bonnie Anderson
"Smokin'" Joe Robinson
Mark Vincent
Justice Crew
Jack Vidgen
Andrew De Silva
Uncle Jed
Runners-up
Cosentino
Other entrants
Taylor Henderson
Bobby Andonov
Timomatic
Joe Moore
[show]
v
t
e
Got Talent franchises
National franchises
Albania
Australia
Argentina
Azerbaijan
Belgium
VIER
vtm
RTL-TVI
Bulgaria
Cambodia
Canada
China
Croatia
Czech Republic & Slovakia
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Estonia
Finland
France
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Hungary
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RTP
SIC
Romania
Russia
Serbia
South Africa
South Korea
Spain
Sweden
Thailand
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Ukraine
United Kingdom
United States
Vietnam
Regional franchises
Arab World
Asia
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e
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Randle McMurphy
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Randle McMurphy
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest character
Jack Nicholson as Randle Patrick "Mac" McMurphy in the Academy Award winning film One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (Miloš Forman 1975)
First appearance
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (novel) (1962)
Last appearance
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film) (1975)
Created by
Ken Kesey
Portrayed by
Jack Nicholson
Information
Full name
Randle Patrick McMurphy
Nickname(s)
Mac
Aliases
R.P. McMurphy
Species
Human
Gender
Male
Occupation
Veteran
Criminal
Nationality
Irish-American
Birthplace
Salem, Oregon, United States
Randle Patrick "Mac" McMurphy (also known as R.P. McMurphy) is the protagonist of Ken Kesey's novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1962). He appears in the stage and film adaptations of the novel as well. Jack Nicholson portrayed Randle Patrick McMurphy in the film adaption, earning him an Academy Award for Best Actor. He was nominated on the "Heroes" list of AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains, but did not make the final list. He was ranked by film magazine Empire as the 61st Greatest Movie Character of All Time.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Fictional character biography
2 Critical response
3 In other media
3.1 Theatre
4 References
5 Notes
Fictional character biography[edit]
Randle Patrick McMurphy (April 22, 1925-December 11, 1963) is an Irish-American brawler found guilty of battery, gambling and statutory rape. He is a Korean War veteran who was a POW during the war and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for leading a breakout from a Chinese camp, but was dishonorably discharged for insubordination. He is sentenced to a fairly short prison term and decides to have himself declared insane in order to be transferred to a mental institution, where he expects to serve the rest of his time in comparative comfort and luxury.
McMurphy's ward in the mental institution is run by the tyrannical Nurse Ratched, who has cowed the patients into submission. McMurphy makes it his mission to flout Ratched's regime of rules and punishment and to liberate the other patients from her grip.
During his short stay at the hospital, McMurphy forms deep friendships with two of his fellow patients: Billy Bibbit, a stuttering manchild whom Ratched has dominated into a suicidal mess; and Chief Bromden, a selectively mute Native American. In the former, McMurphy sees a younger brother figure whom he wants to teach to have fun, while the latter is his only real confidant.
McMurphy becomes ensnared in a number of power-games with Nurse Ratched. He ends up as the clear winner, reminding the other patients how to enjoy life and stand up for themselves, and persuading them to act out against Ratched's bullying. Ratched unsuccessfully tries to break his spirit through repeated shock therapy treatments.
In the novel's climax, McMurphy sneaks two prostitutes into the ward to take Billy's virginity, while he and the others throw a party. Ratched catches them and threatens to tell Billy's mother—the only woman he fears more than her—which terrifies him so much that he commits suicide by slitting his throat. Enraged, McMurphy attacks Ratched and nearly strangles her, but is knocked unconscious by one of her associates. For this, Ratched has McMurphy lobotomized, which is to be seen as a kind of castration: "If she [Ratched] can’t cut below the belt she’ll do it above the eyes".[2] Chief Bromden smothers McMurphy in an act of euthanasia, and then breaks a window to flee from the asylum, fulfilling McMurphy's wish for him to be free.
Critical response[edit]
Richard Gray, author of A History of American Literature, said that McMurphy is an "authentic American rebel", an urban cowboy, plain-speaking, hard-living, a gambler and a risk-taker," and "the hero" of the story.[3] Glen O. Gabbard and Krin Gabbard, authors of Psychiatry and the Cinema, write that McMurphy "becomes a Christ figure for whom shock therapy is the crown of thorns and lobotomy the cross".[4]
McMurphy’s domination of Ratched is described as a heroic sacrifice, for the redemption and freedom of the men of the ward.[5] When Ratched returns to the ward following the attack, she is bruised and fearful, and no longer has the same measure of control over her patients due to McMurphy exposing her vulnerabilities.[6]
In other media[edit]
Theatre[edit]
McMurphy has been played on stage by Jérôme Pradon, Kirk Douglas, Leonard Nimoy, Aleksandr Abdulov, Gary Sinise, Christian Slater, Shane Ritchie, Roman Wilhelmi, (Polish adaptation), Bernard Tapie (French adaptation), Ibrahim Amr, (Egyptian adaptation), Jiří Hrdina, (Czech adaptation), and most recently by Uri Meir.
References[edit]
Fictional characters portal
United States portal
Gabbard, Glen O. and Krin Gabbard. Psychiatry and the Cinema. American Psychiatric Pub, 1999. ISBN 0880489642, 9780880489645.
Géfin, Laszlo K. "The Breasts of Big Nurse: Satire versus Narrative in Kesey's "One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest"" Modern Language Studies Vol. 22.No. 1 (Winter 1992): 96-101.Modern Language Studies Web. Nov. 2014.
Gray, Richard. A History of American Literature. John Wiley & Sons, September 23, 2011. ISBN 1444345680, 9781444345681.
Inchausti, Robert (1990). "One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest": Rising to Heroism by M. Gilbert Porter". South Central Review. 7 (1): 102–04. doi:10.2307/3189228.
Ken Kesey, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, Viking Press, 1962
Meloy, Michael. "Fixing Men: Castration, Impotence, and Masculinity in Ken Kesey's One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest". Journal of Men's Studies. 2009: 3–14.
Vitkus, Daniel J., and ﭬﻴﺘﻜﺲ ﺩﺍﻧﻴﺎﻝ. "Madness and Misogyny in Ken Kesey's One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest / ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻮﻥ ﻭﻧﺒﺬ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻛﻦ ﻛﻴﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻋﺶ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺍﻕ." Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics No. 14.Madness and Civilization / الجنون والحضارة (1994): 64-90. Department of English and Comparative Literature, American University in Cairo and American University in Cairo Press Web. 15 Nov. 2014.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "The 100 Greatest Movie Characters/ 61. R.P. McMurphy / Empire / www.empireonline.com". Empire. Bauer Consumer Media. Retrieved 2013-08-22.
Jump up ^ Kesey 108
Jump up ^ Gray 574
Jump up ^ Gabbard and Gabbard, 18.
Jump up ^ Inchausti, Robert (1990). "'One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest: Rising to Heroism by M. Gilbert Porter". South Central Review. 7 (1): 102–04. doi:10.2307/3189228. JSTOR 3189228.
Jump up ^ Kesey, Ken (1962). One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest, a Novel. New York: Viking.
[hide]
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Ken Kesey's One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
Novel
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
Adaptations
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1963 play)
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975 film)
Thalavattam (1986 film)
Manasukkul Mathappu (1988 film)
Kyon Ki (2005 film)
Characters
Randle McMurphy
Nurse Ratched
See also
Institutionalisation
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Randle_McMurphy&oldid=838472136"
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British Gas
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
British Gas Trading Limited
Type
Limited company (subsidiary of Centrica)
Industry
Utilities
Predecessor
1812 (as the Gas Light and Coke Company)
1948 (as the area gas boards)
1973 (as the British Gas Corporation)
1986 (as British Gas plc)
Founded
February 1997 (as a subsidiary of Centrica)
Headquarters
Staines-upon-Thames, United Kingdom[1]
Area served
United Kingdom
Key people
Mark Hodges (Managing Director)
Products
Gas
Electricity
Boilers and central heating
Plumbing and drains
Renewable Energy
Home appliance services
Parent
Centrica
Website
www.britishgas.co.uk
British Gas is an energy and home services provider in the United Kingdom. It is the trading name of British Gas Services Limited and British Gas New Heating Limited, both subsidiaries of Centrica.[2] Serving around twelve million homes in the United Kingdom, British Gas is the biggest energy supplier in the country and is considered one of the Big Six[3] dominating the gas and electricity market in the United Kingdom.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 1812-1948
1.2 1948–1973
1.3 1973–1986
1.4 1986–1997
1.5 1997–present
2 Advertising, sponsorship and marketing
3 Distribution network operators
4 References
5 Further reading
6 External links
History[edit]
1812-1948[edit]
Further information: Gas Light and Coke Company
The Gas Light and Coke Company was the first public utility company in the world. It was founded by Frederick Albert Winsor and incorporated by Royal Charter on 30 April 1812 under the seal of King George III.[4]
It continued to thrive for the next 136 years, expanding into domestic services whilst absorbing many smaller companies including the Aldgate Gas Light and Coke Company (1819), the City of London Gas Light and Coke Company (1870), the Equitable Gas Light Company (1871), the Great Central Gas Consumer's Company (1870), Victoria Docks Gas Company (1871), Western Gas Light Company (1873), Imperial Gas Light and Coke Company (1876), Independent Gas Light and Coke Company (1876), the London Gas Light Company (1883), Richmond Gas Company (1925), Brentford Gas Company (1926), Pinner Gas Company (1930) and Southend-on-Sea and District Gas Company (1932).[5]
On 1 May 1949, the GLCC became the major part of the new North Thames Gas Board, one of Britain's twelve regional Gas Boards[4] after the passing of the Gas Act 1948 by Clement Attlee's post-war Labour government.
1948–1973[edit]
Further information: Area gas boards
In the early 1900s, the gas market in the United Kingdom was mainly run by county councils and small private firms. At this time the use of an flammable gas (often known as "Town Gas") piped to houses as a fuel was still being marketed to consumers, by such means as the National Gas Congress and Exhibition in 1913. The gas used in the 19th and early 20th centuries was coal gas, but in the period of 1967–77, British domestic coal gas supplies were replaced by natural gas.
Commemorative plaque in Great Peter Street
In 1948 Clement Attlee's Labour government reshaped the gas industry, bringing in the Gas Act 1948. The act (vesting date 1 April 1949) nationalised the gas industry in the United Kingdom and 1,062 privately owned and municipal gas companies were merged into twelve area gas boards each a separate body with its own management structure. The twelve gas boards were: Eastern, East Midlands, Northern, North Eastern, North Thames, North West, Scottish, Southern, South Eastern, South West, Wales, and West Midlands.
Each area board was divided into geographical groups or divisions which were often further divided into smaller districts. These boards simply became known as the "Gas Board", a term still sometimes used when referring to British Gas.[citation needed]
In addition, the Gas Act established the Gas Council, its constitution was such that control lay effectively with the Area Boards. The Council consisted of a chair and deputy chair, both appointed by the Minister, and the chairs of each of the twelve area boards. The Council served as a channel of communication with the Minister; undertook labour negotiations; undertook research; and acted as spokesperson for the gas industry generally.[6]
The Gas Act 1965 shifted the balance of power to the centre: it put the Gas Council on the same footing as the Area Boards, with the powers to borrow up to £900 million, to manufacture or acquire gas and to supply gas in bulk to any Area Board.[7] In May 1968 the Gas Council moved to large new offices at 59 Bryanston Street, Marble Arch, London.
1973–1986[edit]
In the early 1970s, the gas industry was again restructured after the Gas Act 1972 was passed. The act merged all the area boards and created the British Gas Corporation.[8]
From its inception, the corporation was responsible for development and maintenance of the supply of gas to Great Britain, in addition to satisfying reasonable demand for gas throughout the country. Its leadership, like that of the area boards, was appointed and supervised by the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry until 1974, when those powers were vested in the newly created position of Secretary of State for Energy.
1986–1997[edit]
Further information: British Gas plc
The Conservative Government led by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher introduced the Gas Act 1986, in which led to the privatisation of the company, and on 8 December 1986, its shares floated on the London stock market as British Gas plc. In the hope of encouraging individuals to become shareholders, the offer was advertised with the "If you see Sid...Tell him!" campaign.
The initial public offering of 135p per share valued the company at £9 billion, the highest equity offering ever at the time.[9]
1997–present[edit]
Further information: Centrica
In 1997, eleven years after it had been privatised, British Gas demerged to become the entirely separate BG Group and the Gas Sales and Gas Trading, Services and Retail businesses. The Gas Sales and Gas Trading and Services and Retail businesses, together with the gas production business of the North and South Morecambe gas fields, were transferred to Centrica, which continues to own and operate the British Gas retail brand.[10] British Gas acquired Dyno-Rod in October 2004.[11]
British Gas is led by its Managing Director, Mark Hodges,[12] who oversees a business that provides energy and services to eleven million homes, and employs over 28,000 staff based across the United Kingdom. In May 2007, British Gas signed a landmark deal which saw 1,000 Volkswagen Caddy vans being supplied to the firm, which were fitted with a bespoke racking system and a speed limiter, designed by Siemens.[13] The deal was renewed in September 2015.[14]
In April 2016, it was announced that 224,000 residential customers had left the company,[15] citing customers coming to the end of their fixed deals and then moving on to other suppliers as the main reason for this loss.
A newly designed British Gas van
In the same month (April 2016) British Gas also announced they would be closing a call centre and office in Oldbury (West Midlands), with a loss of approximately 680 jobs [16]
Advertising, sponsorship and marketing[edit]
British Gas has actively been involved in sports sponsorship, including a six year deal with the British swimming team which commenced in March 2009, and is expected to net the team £15 million[17] and from 2006 to 2009, it sponsored the Southern Football League of England.[18]
Its extensive television advertising has featured many high profile individuals, and in the early 1990s one advertisement included Cheryl Tweedy as a small child, more than ten years before the beginning of her pop music career.[19]
In November 2012, the Information Commissioner's Office publicly listed British Gas as one of a number of companies that it had concerns about due to unsolicited telephone calls for marketing. The concerns were based on complaints. In response, British Gas said that "We uphold the highest standards when contacting people in their homes, and only use contact information if we have express permission to do so."[20]
In July 2014, regulator Ofgem reached an agreement with British Gas for the company to pay £1 million in compensation to hundreds of people, who had been advised to switch from other suppliers to British Gas by British Gas advisers using exaggerated claims.[21]
Distribution network operators[edit]
British Gas is an energy supplier for homes across the country. The infrastructure (pipes) which delivers the gas to consumers is owned and maintained by other companies. They do not however manage the network of towers and cables that distributes electricity - these are maintained by distribution network operators (DNOs) which vary from region to region. If, for instance, there is a power outage it is necessary to contact the appropriate DNO rather than the energy supplier. See entry on distribution network operator for a full list.[22]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "See all our locations in the UK and Republic of Ireland" (PDF). Centrica. 2015-06-29. Retrieved 2016-02-18. 3. British Gas Head office, The Causeway, Staines
Jump up ^ "British Gas Legal Information", http://www.britishgas.co.uk/legal-information.html, retrieved 2 March 2012 Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ "Millions face rise in energy bills", 11 October 2012 http://money.uk.msn.com/millions-face-rise-in-energy-bills-1, retrieved 11 October 2012 Missing or empty |title= (help)
^ Jump up to: a b "Gas, Light and Coke Company". Archives in the M25 area. AIM25.
Jump up ^ "NORTH THAMES GAS PREDECESSOR". AIM25 Archives in London and the M25 area. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Williams, Trevor I. (1981). A History of the British Gas Industry. Oxford University press. pp. 116–7.
Jump up ^ Williams, Trevor I. (1981). A History of the British Gas Industry. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 232.
Jump up ^ "Gas Act 1972", 17 July 2012 http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/60/part/I/enacted, retrieved 17 July 2012 Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ "30 SECOND GUIDE: Tell Sid". 17 July 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
Jump up ^ "Demerger". 17 July 2012. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "Centrica acquires Dyno-Rod". Archived from the original on 19 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "British Gas | Biographies". www.britishgas.co.uk. Retrieved 2016-04-01.
Jump up ^ Young, Tristan (21 August 2007). "VW's British Gas deal kicks off". businesscar.co.uk. Retrieved 21 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Collins, Martyn (18 September 2015). "British Gas goes for another 8,000 Caddy vans". businessvans.co.uk. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "British Gas loses 224,000 customers, owner Centrica says". BBC News. Retrieved 2016-04-18.
Jump up ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-birmingham-36093136
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 24 March 2009. Retrieved 2012-04-01.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 20 July 2013. Retrieved 2012-04-01.
Jump up ^ "Before They Were Famous: Celebs In Ads (VIDEO)". Huffington Post.
Jump up ^ Core, Kevin (16 November 2012), "Commissioner names firms over 'nuisance' marketing calls", BBC News http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-20348373, retrieved 8 February 2013 Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ "BG pays compensation for mis-sold contracts". Britain News.Net. Retrieved 5 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "The GB electricity distribution network". Retrieved 14 July 2014.
Further reading[edit]
Brady, Robert A. (1950). Crisis in Britain. Plans and Achievements of the Labour Government. University of California Press. , on nationalization 1945-50, pp 132–82
External links[edit]
Official website
Contact number
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_Gas&oldid=801800324"
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General election
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A general election is an election in which all or most members of a given political body are chosen. These are usually held for a nation's primary legislative body, as distinguished from by-elections and local elections.
In presidential systems, a general election is a regularly scheduled election where both the president, and either "a class" of or all members of the national legislature are elected at the same time but can also involve special elections held to fill prematurely vacated positions. A general election day may also include elections for local officials.
The term originates in the elections in the United Kingdom for the House of Commons.
Contents
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1 India
2 United Kingdom
3 United States
4 Footnotes
5 External links
India[edit]
Main article: Elections in India
The elections held to elect the members of the Lok Sabha after expiry of the normal term of five years are called the General Elections. Elections to some State Legislative Assemblies may be held along with the Parliamentary Elections. Earlier up to 1957 simultaneous elections were held for both the Lok Sabha and the State Assemblies. However, on account of early dismissal and mid-term elections the two got separated.The Indian National Congress won the most elections.
United Kingdom[edit]
See also: Elections in the United Kingdom and United Kingdom general elections overview
The term general election in the United Kingdom often refers to the elections held on the same day in all constituencies of their Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons. Under the terms of the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011, the period between one general election and the next is fixed at 5 years, unless the Commons passes a motion of no confidence in the Government sooner than that, or if the House of Commons, with the support of at least two thirds of its members, resolves that a general election should take place sooner.
The term may also be used to refer to elections to any democratically elected body in which all of the members are up for election. Section 2 of the Scotland Act 1998, for example, specifically refers to ordinary elections to the Scottish Parliament as general elections.[1]
Originally, British elections took place over a period of several weeks, with individual constituencies holding polling on separate days. The Parliament Act 1911 introduced the requirement that elections in all parliamentary constituencies be held on the same day. There has been a convention since the 1930s that general elections in Britain should take place on a Thursday; the last general election to take place on any other weekday was that of 1931.
The five-year limit on the time of a Parliament can be varied by an Act of Parliament implemented by several bodies. This was done during both World Wars; the Parliament elected in December 1910 was prolonged to November 1918, and that elected in November 1935 lasted until June 1945. The House of Lords has an absolute veto on any Bill to extend the life of Parliament.
United States[edit]
Main article: Elections in the United States
In U.S. politics, general elections are elections held at any level (e.g. city, county, congressional district, state) that involve competition between at least two parties. General elections occur every two to six years (depending on the positions being filled with most positions good for four years) and include the presidential election, but unlike parliamentary systems the term can also refer to special elections that fill out positions prematurely vacated by the previous office holder (e.g. through death, resignation, etc.). Some parallels can be drawn between the general election in parliamentary systems and the biennial elections determining all House seats, although there is no analogue to "calling early elections" in the U.S., and the members of the elected U.S. Senate face elections of only one-third at a time at two-year intervals including during a general election.
Unlike parliamentary systems where the term is distinguished from by-elections, a general election in the US is used in reference to and distinguished from primaries or caucuses, which are intra-party elections meant to select a party's official candidate for a particular race.
In the State of Louisiana the expression general election means the runoff election which occurs between the two highest candidates as determined by the jungle primary.[2]
Footnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ "Scotland Act 1998".
Jump up ^ Chapter 5 of the Louisiana Election Code, incorporating Section 18:401 of the Louisiana Revised Statutes.
External links[edit]
International IDEA's Electoral Processes Program
A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825
General Election 2010
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_election&oldid=815171287"
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