text:
NFL playoffs
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Logo of the National Football League playoffs, 2010–2014, 2016–present
The National Football League (NFL) playoffs are a single-elimination tournament held after the end of the National Football League regular season to determine the NFL champion. Six teams from each of the league's two conferences qualify for the playoffs based on regular season records, and a tie-breaking procedure exists in the case of equal records. The tournament ends with the Super Bowl, the league's championship game, which matches the two conference champions.
NFL postseason history can be traced to the first NFL Championship Game in 1933, though in the early years, qualification for the game was based solely on regular season records. From 1933 to 1966, the NFL postseason generally only consisted of the NFL Championship Game, pitting the league's two division winners (pending any one-game playoff matches that needed to be held to break ties in the division standings). The NFL playoffs then expanded in 1967, when four teams qualified for the tournament. When the league merged with the American Football League (AFL) in 1970, the playoffs expanded to eight teams. The playoffs were expanded to 10 teams in 1978 and 12 teams since 1990.
The NFL is the only one out of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States to use a single-elimination tournament in all four rounds of its playoffs; Major League Baseball (MLB) (not including their wild-card postseason round), the National Basketball Association (NBA), and the National Hockey League (NHL) all use a "best-of" series format instead.
Contents
[hide]
1 Current playoff system
2 Breaking ties
3 Overtime rules
4 Playoff and championship history
4.1 Early years
4.2 1932 playoff game
4.3 Before the Super Bowl
4.3.1 AFL and AAFC playoffs
4.4 Super Bowl and merger
4.5 Expansion
5 Modification proposals
6 NFL playoff appearances
6.1 Appearances by active teams
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
Current playoff system[edit]
The NFL playoffs have a single-elimination tournament format consisting of 12 teams, 6 from the NFC and 6 from the AFC. Seeds 1-4 for each conference are the four division winners, ordered by regular season winning percentage. Seeds 5-6, the wildcards, are the next two teams in the conference with the highest regular season winning percentage. In the case of ties in winning percentages, the NFL has a system for resolving conflicts.
Schedule for the NFL playoffs
Season
2017–18
2018–19
2019–20
2020–21
Wild Card
Jan 6–7 Jan 5–6 Jan 4–5 Jan 9–10
Divisional
Jan 13–14 Jan 12–13 Jan 11–12 Jan 16–17
Conference
Jan 21 Jan 20 Jan 19 Jan 24
Super Bowl
LII
Feb 4 LIII
Feb 3 LIV
Feb 2 LV
Feb 7
The 32-team National Football League is divided into two conferences, American Football Conference (AFC) and National Football Conference (NFC), each with 16 teams. Since 2002, each conference has been further divided into four divisions of four teams each. The tournament brackets are made up of six teams from each of the league's two conferences, following the end of the regular season. Qualification into the playoffs works as follows:[1]
The 4 division champions from each conference (the team in each division with the best overall record), which are seeded 1 through 4 based on their overall won-lost-tied record.
Two wild-card qualifiers from each conference (the two teams with the best overall records of all remaining teams in the conference), which are seeded 5 and 6.
The names of the first two playoff rounds date back to the postseason format that was first used in 1978, when the league added a second wild-card team to each conference. The first round of the playoffs is dubbed the wild-card playoffs (or wild-card weekend). In this round, the third-seeded division winner hosts the sixth seed wild card, and the fourth seed hosts the fifth. There are no restrictions regarding teams from the same division matching up in any round. The 1 and 2 seeds from each conference receive a bye in the first round, which entitles these teams to automatic advancement to the second round, the divisional playoffs, where they face the wild-card weekend survivors. The 1 seed has home-field advantage throughout the playoffs. The NFL does not use a fixed bracket playoff system. The number 1 seed will host the worst surviving seed from the first round (seed 4, 5 or 6), while the number 2 seed will play the other team (seed 3, 4 or 5).[2] The two surviving teams from each conference's divisional playoff games then meet in the respective AFC and NFC Conference Championship games (hosted by the higher seed), with the winners of those contests going on to face one another in the Super Bowl. Only twice since 1990 has neither a number one-seeded team nor a number two-seeded team hosted a conference championship game (in the 2006 AFC Championship the #3 seeded Indianapolis Colts hosted the #4 seeded New England Patriots with the Colts winning 38–34 and the 2008 NFC Championship the #4 seeded Arizona Cardinals hosting the #6 seeded Philadelphia Eagles with the Cardinals winning 32–25).
If teams are tied (having the same regular season won-lost-tied record), the playoff seeding is determined by a set of tie-breaking rules.[1]
One potential disadvantage is that the two teams with the best records in a conference could play each other before the conference championship if they are in the same division. The better team would be seeded #1, while the lesser team would be seeded #5 as the top wild-card team, and as shown in the diagram, it is possible for the #1 division winner to play the top wild-card team in the divisional round. (See also the "Modification proposals" section below.)
The New York Giants and New York Jets have shared the same home stadium since 1984 (first Giants Stadium from 1984 to 2009, and MetLife Stadium since 2010). Thus, if both teams need to host playoff games on the same weekend, they are always required to play on separate days, even during the Conference Championship round. The only time such a scheduling conflict has occurred was during wild-card weekend in 1985, when only 10 teams qualified for the postseason and there were only two wild-card games (See the "History" section below): Instead of playing both wild-card games on the same day, as was the case when the 10-team system was used from 1978 to 1989, the New England Patriots defeated the Jets, 26–14, on Saturday, December 28, before the Giants beat the San Francisco 49ers, 17–3, on the following day.
Breaking ties[edit]
Often, teams will finish a season with identical records. It becomes necessary, therefore, to devise means to break these ties, either to determine which teams will qualify for the playoffs, or to determine seeding in the playoff tournament. The rules below are applied in order until the tie is broken. If three teams are tied for one playoff spot and the third team is eliminated at any step, the tie breaker reverts to step one for the remaining two teams. If multiple playoff spots are at stake, the rules are applied in order until the first team qualifies, then the process is started again for the remaining teams.
The tie-breaking rules have changed over the years, with the most recent changes being made in 2002 to accommodate the league's realignment into eight four-team divisions; record vs. common opponents and most of the other criteria involving wins and losses were moved up higher in the tie-breaking list, while those involving compiled stats such as points for and against were moved to the bottom.[1][3]
The current tiebreakers are as follows, with coin tosses used if all of the criteria fail:[4]
Divisional tiebreakers
Conference tiebreakers
Head-to-head (best won-lost-tied percentage in games between the clubs).
Best won-lost-tied percentage in games played within the division.
Best won-lost-tied percentage in common games (games played against the same opponents).
Best won-lost-tied percentage in games played within the conference.
Strength of victory (the combined won-lost-tied percentage of all the teams that a club has defeated).
Strength of schedule (the combined won-lost-tied percentage of all the teams that a club has played against).
Best combined ranking among conference teams in points scored and points allowed.
Best combined ranking among all teams in points scored and points allowed.
Best net points in common games.
Best net points in all games.
Best net touchdowns in all games.
Apply division tie breaker to eliminate all but the highest ranked club in each division prior to proceeding to step 2.
Head-to-head, if applicable. (For ties among three or more teams, this step is only applied if there is a head-to-head sweep; i.e., if one club has defeated each of the others or if one club has lost to each of the others.)
Best won-lost-tied percentage in games played within the conference.
Best won-lost-tied percentage in common games, minimum of four.
Strength of victory (record of all the teams they defeated that season).
Strength of schedule (record of all the teams they played that season).
Best combined ranking among conference teams in points scored and points allowed.
Best combined ranking among all teams in points scored and points allowed.
Best net points in conference games.
Best net points in all games.
Best net touchdowns in all games.
Overtime rules[edit]
See also: Overtime (sports)
The NFL introduced overtime for any divisional tiebreak games beginning in 1940, and for championship games beginning in 1946. The first postseason game to be played under these rules was the 1958 NFL Championship Game between the Baltimore Colts and New York Giants (the so-called "Greatest Game Ever Played"). Overtime under the original format was sudden death, the first team to score would be declared the winner.
In March 2010, the NFL amended its rules for postseason overtime, with the rule being extended into the regular season in March 2012. If a team scores a touchdown, or if the defense scores a safety on its first possession, it is declared the winner. If it scores a field goal on its first possession, however, it then kicks off to the opposing team, which has an opportunity to score; if the score is tied again after that possession, true sudden death rules apply and whoever scores next will win.
Since postseason games cannot end in a tie, unlike the preseason or regular season, additional overtime periods are played as necessary until a winner is determined. Furthermore, all clock rules apply as if a game had started over. Therefore, if the first overtime period ends with the score still tied, the teams switch ends of the field prior to double overtime. If a game was still tied with two minutes to go in double overtime, there would be a two-minute warning (but not during the first overtime period as in the regular season). And if it were still tied at the end of double overtime, there would be a kickoff to start triple overtime.[5] Although a contest could theoretically last indefinitely, or last multiple overtime periods like several National Hockey League postseason games, no NFL playoff game has ever gone into triple-overtime. The longest NFL game played to date is 82 minutes, 40 seconds: Miami Dolphins kicker Garo Yepremian made the winning 37-yard field goal after 7:40 of double-overtime to defeat the Kansas City Chiefs, 27–24, in the 1971–72 NFL playoffs on December 25, 1971.[6]
Playoff games that went at least into double overtime[7]
Length of game
Date
Away team
Score
Home team
Winning score
82:40 December 25, 1971 Miami Dolphins 27–24 Kansas City Chiefs Garo Yepremian 37-yard field goal
77:54† December 23, 1962 Dallas Texans 20–17 Houston Oilers Tommy Brooker 25-yard field goal
77:02 January 3, 1987 New York Jets 20–23 Cleveland Browns Mark Moseley 27-yard field goal
76:42 January 12, 2013 Baltimore Ravens 38–35 Denver Broncos Justin Tucker 47-yard field goal
75:43 December 24, 1977 Oakland Raiders 37–31 Baltimore Colts Dave Casper 10-yard touchdown pass from Ken Stabler
75:10 January 10, 2004 Carolina Panthers 29–23 St. Louis Rams Steve Smith 69-yard touchdown pass from Jake Delhomme
† AFL game prior to the AFL–NFL merger.
Playoff and championship history[edit]
Further information: National Football League championships
For playoff games of the American Football League prior to the AFL–NFL merger, see AFL playoffs.
The NFL's method for determining its champions has changed over the years.
Early years[edit]
From the league's founding in 1920 until 1932, there was no scheduled championship game. From 1920–1923, the championship was awarded to a team by a vote of team owners at the annual owners' meeting. From 1924–1932, the team having the best winning percentage was awarded the championship (the de facto standard owners had been using anyway). As each team played a different number of games, simply counting wins and losses would have been insufficient. Additionally, tie games were not counted in the standings in figuring winning percentage (under modern rules, ties count as ½ win and ½ loss). There was a head-to-head tiebreaker, which also was weighted toward the end of the season: for two teams that played each other twice, each winning once, the team winning the second game was determined to be the champion (the criteria used to decide the 1921 title).[8][9]
1932 playoff game[edit]
Further information: NFL playoff game, 1932
In 1932, the Chicago Bears (6–1–6) and the Portsmouth Spartans (6–1–4) were tied at the end of the season with the identical winning percentage of .857 (the Green Bay Packers (10–3–1) had more wins, but a lower winning percentage (.769) as calculated under the rules of the day, which omitted ties). An additional game was therefore needed to determine a champion. It was agreed that the game would be played in Chicago at Wrigley Field, but severe winter weather and fear of a low turnout forced the game to be moved indoors to Chicago Stadium. The game was played under modified rules on a shortened 80-yard dirt field, and the Bears won with a final score of 9–0.[8][10] As a result of the game, the Bears had the better winning percentage (.875) and won the league title. The loss gave the Spartans a final winning percentage of .750, and moved them to third place behind the Packers. While there is no consensus that this game was a real "championship" game (or even a playoff game), it generated considerable interest and led to the creation of the official NFL Championship Game in 1933.[10]
Before the Super Bowl[edit]
Further information: List of NFL champions
Given the interest of the impromptu "championship game", and the desire of the league to create a more equitable means of determining a champion, the league divided into two conferences beginning in 1933. The winners of each conference (the first place teams in the conferences) met in the NFL Championship Game after the season. There was no tie-breaker system in place; any ties in the final standings of either conference resulted in a playoff game being played in 1941, 1943, 1947, two games in 1950, and one each in 1952, 1957, 1958, and 1965. Since the venue and date of the championship game were often not known until the last game of the season had been played, these playoff games sometimes resulted in delaying the end of the season by one week.
The playoff structure used from 1933 to 1966 was considered inequitable by some because of the number of times it failed to match the teams with the two best records in the championship game, as only the conference winners would qualify for playoff contention. Four times between 1950 and 1966 (in 1951, 1956, 1960, and 1963) the team with the second-best win-loss record did not qualify for the playoffs while the team with the best record in the other conference, but only the third-best in the league, would advance to the championship game.
For the 1967 NFL season, the NFL expanded to 16 teams, and split its two conferences into two divisions each, with four teams in each division. The four division champions would advance to the NFL playoffs, and to remain on schedule, a tie-breaker system was introduced. The first round of playoffs determined the conference's champion and its representative in the NFL Championship Game, played the following week. Thus, 1967 was the first season there was a scheduled playoff tournament to determine the teams to play for the NFL Championship.[11]
During the three years (1967–69) that this playoff structure was in effect, there was one use of the tie-breaker system. In 1967, the Los Angeles Rams and Baltimore Colts ended the season tied at 11–1–2 for the lead in the Coastal Division. The Colts came into the last game of the season undefeated, but were beaten by the Rams. Though the Colts shared the best win/loss record in the NFL that year, they failed to advance to the playoffs while three other teams with worse records won their divisions. This event figured into the decision in 1970 to include a wild-card team in the playoff tournament after the AFL–NFL merger.
During the 1960s, a third-place playoff game was played in Miami, called the Playoff Bowl. It was contested in early January following the 1960–69 seasons. Though official playoff games at the time they were played, the NFL now officially classifies these ten games (and statistics) as exhibitions, not as playoff games.[12]
AFL and AAFC playoffs[edit]
Since it would eventually merge with the NFL, the history of the AFL's playoff system merits some explanation. For the 1960–68 seasons, the AFL used the two-divisional format identical to the NFL to determine its champion. There was no tie-breaker system in place, so ties atop the Eastern Division final standings in 1963 and Western Division in 1968 necessitated playoff games to determine each division's representative in the championship.
For the 1969 season, a first round was added whereby each division winner played the second-place team from the other division. The winners of these games met in the AFL Championship Game.[11] In the only year of this format, the AFL Champion Kansas City Chiefs were the second-place team in the Western division. The Chiefs went on to win Super Bowl IV that season, thus becoming the first non-division winner to win a Super Bowl.[13]
During its brief history, the AAFC, which would merge into the NFL for the 1950 season, used an identical playoff format to the NFL from 1946 to 1948. In 1949 (its last year), the AAFC would merge its two conferences when one of its teams folded, and use a four-team playoff system. In 1948, the aforementioned issue of playoff inequity came into play when the San Francisco 49ers would miss the playoffs with a 12–2 record; they were in the same conference as the 14–0 Cleveland Browns, who would go on to win the Western Conference and then the AAFC's championship game against the 7–7 Buffalo Bills (AAFC).
Super Bowl and merger[edit]
The Super Bowl began as an inter-league championship game between the AFL and NFL, an idea first proposed by Kansas City Chiefs owner Lamar Hunt. This compromise was the result of pressures the upstart AFL was placing on the older NFL. The success of the rival league would eventually lead to a full merger of the two leagues.[8]
From the 1966 season to the 1969 season (Super Bowls I–IV) the game featured the champions of the AFL and NFL. Since the 1970 season, the game has featured the champions of the National Football Conference (NFC) and the American Football Conference (AFC).
When the leagues merged in 1970, the new NFL (with 26 teams) reorganized into two conferences of three divisions each. From the 1970 season to the 1977 season, four teams from each conference (for a total of eight teams) qualified for the playoffs each year. These four teams included the three division champions, and a fourth wild-card team.[14]
Originally, the home teams in the playoffs were decided based on a yearly rotation.[15] From 1970 to 1974, the divisional playoff round rotated which of the three division champions would have home field advantage, with the wild-card teams and the teams they would face in the divisional playoff game would never have home field advantage throughout the playoffs. Starting in 1970, the divisional playoff games consisted of the AFC Central champions and the NFC West champions playing their games on the road. Then in 1971 it rotated to the AFC East champions and the NFC East champions playing their games on the road. In the 1972 divisional playoff games, the AFC West champions and the NFC Central champions were the visiting teams. And 1973 it would start all over with the AFC Central and NFC West again, and so on.
The rotation system led to several playoff inequities, such as:
In 1971, the teams with the two best records in each conference met in the divisional round.
In 1972, the Dolphins had to take their perfect record to Three Rivers Stadium to face the Pittsburgh Steelers, who went 11-3, in the AFC championship game.
In 1973, the Cowboys finished 10-4 but hosted two 12-2 teams, the Los Angeles Rams and Minnesota.
The league did not institute a seeding system for the playoffs until 1975, where the surviving clubs with the higher seeds were made the home teams for each playoff round.[8] Thus, the top seeded division winner played the wild-card team, and the remaining two division winners played at the home stadium of the better seed (which meant that the lowest-seeded division winner had to open the postseason on the road). However, two teams from the same division could not meet prior to the conference championship game.[16] Thus, there would be times when the pairing in the divisional playoff round would be the 1 seed vs. the 3 seed and 2 vs. 4.
Expansion[edit]
Following an expansion of the regular season from 14 to 16 games in the 1978 season, the league added one more wild-card team for each conference. The two wild-card teams played the week before the division winners. The winner of this game played the top seeded division winner as was done from 1970–1977. The league continued to prohibit intra-divisional games in the divisional playoffs, but allowed such contests in the wild-card round.[17] This ten-team playoff format was used through the 1989 season.[14] Under this system, the Oakland Raiders became the first wild-card team to win a Super Bowl following the 1980 season.[18]
During the strike-shortened 1982 season, only nine regular season games were played, and a modified playoff format was instituted. Divisional play was ignored (there were some cases where division rivals had both games wiped out by the strike, although each division ultimately sent at least one team to the playoffs), and the top eight teams from each conference (based on W-L-T record) were advanced to the playoffs. As a result, this became the first time that teams with losing records qualified for the playoffs: the 4–5 Cleveland Browns and the 4–5 Detroit Lions.[19]
Several times between 1978–89, the two wild-card games had to be played on different days. Normally they both would be held on Sunday. In 1983 and 1988, the games were split between Saturday and Monday because Sunday was Christmas, and the NFL had avoided playing on that day at the time. In 1984, both games were played in the Pacific Time Zone, so they had to be played on Saturday and Sunday to accommodate for time differences. In 1985, both the New York Giants and Jets hosted wild-card games. As they have shared a home stadium since 1984, the games had to be played on different days.
For the 1990 season, a third wild-card team for each conference was added, expanding the playoffs to the current twelve teams. The lowest-seeded division winner was then "demoted" to the wild-card weekend. Also, the restrictions on intra-divisional games during the divisional playoffs were removed.[20]
The 2001 season became the first time that playoff games were played in prime time.[21] Thus, the league no longer had the same restrictions like in 1984 as to when to schedule games in the Pacific Time Zone.
The 1990 format continued until the 2002 expansion and reorganization into eight divisions. In this current format, as explained above, the 4 division winners and 2 wild cards are seeded 1–6, with the top 2 seeds receiving byes, and the highest seed in each round guaranteed to play the lowest seed. Also, seeds determine the home-field advantage.[14]
Modification proposals[edit]
There are some limitations that exist in the current 12-team playoff system. Since being a division winner is a guaranteed playoff berth, there have been many cases in which a team that wins a "weak" division either barely has a winning record or has a .500 or losing record altogether (such as the 2010 Seattle Seahawks). At the same time, since a division winner is seeded higher than the wild cards, non-division winners may end up playing a road game during Wild Card Weekend against a team with an inferior record, or may end up outright missing the playoffs. And going on the road during the first postseason round does not guarantee success: the first time that all four road teams won during Wild Card Weekend occurred during the 2015–16 season.[22]
This issue has become more prevalent since the aforementioned 2002 realignment. There are three notable examples in which a division winner with a .500 or sub-.500 record ended up winning a playoff game against a team with a superior record:
In the 2008–09 season, the San Diego Chargers clinched the AFC West with only an 8–8 record, and hosted the 12–4 Indianapolis Colts in the wild-card round, while the New England Patriots failed to even secure a wild-card spot at 11–5. The Chargers then went on to defeat the Colts in that playoff game.
In the 2010–11 season, the aforementioned 2010 Seahawks won the NFC West with a 7–9 record, hosting and defeating the 11–5 New Orleans Saints. Failing to make the playoffs were the New York Giants and Tampa Bay Buccaneers, both with 10–6 records, due to losing tiebreakers for the sixth seed to the Green Bay Packers, who went on to become the first sixth-seeded team from the NFC to win the Super Bowl. The 2010 Seahawks were the first team in NFL history to win both a division championship and a playoff game with a losing regular season record. They currently have the lowest win percentage of any team to ever make the playoffs.
In the 2014–15 season, the Carolina Panthers won the NFC South with a 7–8–1 record. By week 16, no team in that division could finish with more than seven wins. The Panthers then defeated the Atlanta Falcons, who were 6–9 and undefeated within the division entering the game, for the division title. They hosted and defeated the 11–5 Arizona Cardinals in the wild card round. The best team to miss the playoffs that year was the Philadelphia Eagles, who finished 10–6. To date, the 2014 Panthers and 2010 Seahawks are the only two teams to win a division, and a playoff game, with a losing record.
As a result of this seeding issue, frequent calls have been made to modify the playoff format even further. One proposal has been to expand the playoffs to 14 teams. Proponents of expansion note the increased revenue that could be gained from an additional two playoff games. They also note that the 12-team playoff system was implemented when the league only had 28 teams and six divisions (of 4 to 5 teams each). The opposition to such a move notes that an expansion of the playoffs would "water down" the field by giving access to lower-caliber teams. Opponents to expansion further point to the NBA playoffs and the NHL playoffs where more than half of the teams qualify for the postseason, and there is often a decreased emphasis on regular season performance as a result.[23][24]
After the 2007 playoffs saw two wild-card teams with better records (Jacksonville Jaguars and eventual Super Bowl XLII champions New York Giants) go on the road to defeat division winners (Pittsburgh Steelers and Tampa Bay Buccaneers, respectively) during wild-card weekend, the NFL explored another proposal to change the playoffs so that the team with the better record would host the game, even if that meant a division winner went on the road. The NFL's Competition Committee withdrew the request later that offseason,[25] with Atlanta Falcons president Rich McKay mentioning that they wanted the idea to simply get a discussion going. New England Patriots owner Robert Kraft was a strong opponent of the rule change, believing that "if you win a division, it's good for your fans to know you will have a home game."[25]
Just before the 2010–11 Seahawks-Saints playoff game, McKay wanted to revisit the previous proposal to reseed teams during wild-card weekend.[26] However, sportswriter Peter King wrote that he believed league owners were still hesitant on implementing any such changes at this time due to the then-pending 2011 work stoppage, the proposals to extend the regular season from 16 to 18 games and how it will impact the postseason, and the simple fact that not enough teams have been seriously disadvantaged by the current format.[27]
In October 2013, NFL commissioner Roger Goodell announced plans to revisit the idea to expand the playoffs to 14 teams, with the increased revenue gained from the two additional postseason games being used to offset plans to shorten the preseason.[28] The two extra Wild Card games could also be scheduled on the weekend, creating triple-headers on both Saturday and Sunday. Goodell then suggested that they might instead be played on Friday and/or Monday, which may eventually cause scheduling conflicts with games of the new College Football Playoff.[29]
The 14-team playoff proposal remained tabled until December 2014, when no team in the NFC South could finish better than .500; Goodell stated that the league would vote on it at the March 2015 Owners' Meetings. One proposed 14-club system includes giving first-round byes for the teams with the best record in each conference, two division champions in each conference receiving home games, and the remaining eight teams would be seeded by win-loss record.[30] However, by the following February 2015, the Washington Post reported that support among team owners has eroded, and league leaders expressed reluctance to make a change until the one-year extension with CBS to televise Thursday Night Football expired at the end of the 2015 season.[31] The proposal lost all interest; today, it has never been raised. It is likely that movement won't be made on expanding either the playoffs or the regular season until at least 2020, when the current collective bargaining agreement expires.[32]
Wild-card playoff games in which a division winner defeated a wild-card team with a better regular season record (2002–present)
Season
Wild-card team
Regular season record
Division winner
Regular season record
Score
Final postseason result of division winner
2002–03 Indianapolis Colts 10–6 New York Jets 9–7 Jets, 41–0 Lost divisional playoffs vs. Oakland Raiders 30–10
2003–04 none
2004–05 none
2005–06 Jacksonville Jaguars 12–4 New England Patriots 10–6 Patriots, 28–3 Lost divisional playoffs vs. Denver Broncos 27–13
2006–07 none
2007–08 none
2008–09 Indianapolis Colts 12–4 San Diego Chargers 8–8* Chargers, 23–17 (OT) Lost divisional playoffs vs. Pittsburgh Steelers 24–35
Atlanta Falcons 11–5 Arizona Cardinals 9–7 Cardinals, 30–24 Won divisional playoffs vs. Carolina Panthers 33–13
Won conference championship vs. Philadelphia Eagles 32–25
Lost Super Bowl XLIII vs. Pittsburgh Steelers 27–23
2009–10 Green Bay Packers 11–5 Arizona Cardinals 10–6 Cardinals, 51–45 (OT) Lost divisional playoffs vs. New Orleans Saints 45–14
2010–11 New Orleans Saints 11–5 Seattle Seahawks 7–9* Seahawks, 41–36 Lost divisional playoffs vs. Chicago Bears 35–24
2011–12 Pittsburgh Steelers 12–4 Denver Broncos 8–8* Broncos, 29–23 (OT) Lost divisional playoffs vs. New England Patriots 45–10
Atlanta Falcons 10–6 New York Giants 9–7 Giants, 24–2 Won divisional playoffs vs. Green Bay Packers 37–20
Won conference championship vs. San Francisco 49ers 20–17
Won Super Bowl XLVI vs. New England Patriots 21–17
2012–13 Indianapolis Colts 11–5 Baltimore Ravens 10–6 Ravens, 24–9 Won divisional playoffs vs. Denver Broncos 38–35 (2 OT)
Won conference vs. New England Patriots 28–13
Won Super Bowl XLVII vs. San Francisco 49ers 34–31
2013–14 none
2014–15 Arizona Cardinals 11–5 Carolina Panthers 7–8–1* Panthers, 27–16 Lost divisional playoffs vs. Seattle Seahawks 31–17
2015–16 none
2016–17 Oakland Raiders 12–4 Houston Texans 9–7 Texans, 27–14 Lost divisional playoffs vs. New England Patriots 34–16
New York Giants 11–5 Green Bay Packers 10–6 Packers, 38–13 Won divisional playoffs vs. Dallas Cowboys 34–31
Lost conference championship vs. Atlanta Falcons 44–21
2017–18 none
* – .500 or losing record
Source: https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/
NFL playoff appearances[edit]
Correct as of 2017–18 NFL playoffs
*Tiebreaker playoff appearances based on the team with the more recent playoff appearance.
Appearances by active teams[edit]
Team
Appearances[33]
Green Bay Packers 32
Dallas Cowboys 32
New York Giants 32
Pittsburgh Steelers 31
Minnesota Vikings 29
Cleveland/St. Louis/Los Angeles Rams 28
Baltimore/Indianapolis Colts 27
San Francisco 49ers 25
Chicago Bears 25[A]
Philadelphia Eagles 25
Boston/New England Patriots 25[B]
Washington Redskins 24
Cleveland Browns 24[C][D]
Miami Dolphins 23
Denver Broncos 22
Los Angeles/Oakland Raiders 22[B]
Houston Oilers/Tennessee Titans 22[B]
Dallas Texans/Kansas City Chiefs 20[B]
San Diego/Los Angeles Chargers 18[B]
Buffalo Bills 18[B]
Portsmouth Spartans/Detroit Lions 17[A]
Seattle Seahawks 16
Cincinnati Bengals 14
New York Jets 14[B]
Atlanta Falcons 14
New Orleans Saints 11
Chicago/St.Louis/Phoenix/Arizona Cardinals 10
Baltimore Ravens 10[D]
Tampa Bay Buccaneers 10
Carolina Panthers 8
Jacksonville Jaguars 7
Houston Texans 4
^ Jump up to: a b Does not include the appearance in the 1932 NFL Playoff Game. The NFL officially records it as an additional regular season game[34]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Includes American Football League postseason appearances. Per the conditions of the AFL–NFL merger, all history, playoffs and records of the AFL were incorporated into the NFL.
Jump up ^ The NFL does not officially recognize the Cleveland's Browns' playoff appearances and records from 1946 to 1949 when they were part of the All-America Football Conference.
^ Jump up to: a b The Baltimore Ravens were originally the Cleveland Browns, and moved to Baltimore in 1996. Due to an agreement with the city of Cleveland that allowed the club to move, the Browns name, colors, and team history/records were left for a new Cleveland Browns team while the team, personnel, and staff of the old Browns team were allowed to move to Baltimore. As such, the Ravens are considered to have begun play in 1996 while the current Cleveland Browns are considered to have been founded in 1950, were inactive from 1996–98, and resumed play as a new team in 1999.
See also[edit]
Active NFL playoff appearance streaks
List of NFL playoff games
National Football League championships
NFL lore
NFL playoff results
NFL starting quarterback playoff records
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "NFL Playoff Procedures and Tiebreakers". Yahoo! Sports. 2006-12-31. Archived from the original on 2010-01-01. Retrieved 2007-02-21.
Jump up ^ "NFL Football Playoff Bracket". CBS Sportsline. Archived from the original on 2007-05-23. Retrieved 2007-02-21.
Jump up ^ "FoxSports.com – NFL Tiebreaking Procedures". 2006-12-09. Archived from the original on 2008-12-30. Retrieved 2008-12-25.
Jump up ^ NFL Tiebreaking Procedures
Jump up ^ "2011 Official Rules and Case Book of the National Football League" (PDF). Rule 16, Section 1, Article 4, Paragraph d
Jump up ^ Banks, Don (2011-12-22). "Remembering the Christmas gift that was The Longest Game Ever". SI.com. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
Jump up ^ "NFL Record and Fact Book – Overtime Games" (PDF). NFL. Retrieved 2012-02-02.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "NFL History". NFL.com. Retrieved 2007-02-21.
Jump up ^ 2006 NFL Record and Fact Book. p. 410. ISBN 1-933405-32-5.
^ Jump up to: a b Hickock, Ralph (2004-11-19). "The 1932 NFL Championship Game". HickokSports.com. Archived from the original on 2002-10-30. Retrieved 2007-02-21.
^ Jump up to: a b Hickock, Ralph. "NFL Playoff and Championship History". HickokSports.com. Archived from the original on 2013-01-25. Retrieved 2007-02-21.
Jump up ^ "The Playoff Bowl (Bert Bell Benefit Bowl)". Archived from the original on 2007-04-15. Retrieved 2007-04-18.
Jump up ^ "1969 Standings". Pro Football Reference. Retrieved 2007-02-21.
^ Jump up to: a b c "History of the Wild Card". Pro Football Hall of Fame. Retrieved 2007-01-13.
Jump up ^ "Chasing perfection: 2005 Colts vs. '72 Dolphins". NFL.com. 2005-11-22. Archived from the original on July 19, 2006. Retrieved 2007-02-21.
Jump up ^ "1975 Standings". NFL.com. Retrieved 2007-02-21.
Jump up ^ "1983 Standings". NFL.com. Retrieved 2007-02-21.
Jump up ^ "1980 Standings". Pro Football Reference. Retrieved 2007-02-21.
Jump up ^ "1982 Standings". Pro Football Reference. Retrieved 2007-02-21.
Jump up ^ Platania, Joe "1990 Rule Change Makes Ravens-Steelers Possible" PressBox (Baltimore), January 2011
Jump up ^ "NFL playoff games going prime time". Chicago Tribune. June 13, 2001. Retrieved January 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Wild Card weekend makes history as all four road teams win". Fox Sports. January 10, 2016. Retrieved January 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ Weisman, Larry (2006-03-22). "Expanding playoffs, instant replay on NFL owners' agenda". USATODAY.com. Retrieved 2007-02-21.
Jump up ^ Clayton, John (2005-12-30). "Playoff format is matter of integrity". ESPN.com. Retrieved 2007-02-21.
^ Jump up to: a b "Proposal to reseed playoff teams withdrawn by owners". Retrieved 2011-01-03.
Jump up ^ "McKay: League should revisit playoff seeding system". 2010-12-15. Retrieved 2011-01-03.
Jump up ^ King, Peter (2010-12-30). "A logical guess at wild-card slate, plus 10 things to watch for Sunday". SI.com. Retrieved 2011-01-03.
Jump up ^ "Expanded NFL playoffs eyed for 2015". ESPN. 2013-10-09. Retrieved 2013-10-09.
Jump up ^ Young, Bob (2014-01-09). "NFL's push for more playoffs could create football logjam". AZCentral.com. Retrieved 2014-01-12.
Jump up ^ "NFL playoff changes likely". ESPN. 2014-12-14. Retrieved 2015-01-03.
Jump up ^ Maske, Mark (February 18, 2015). "Expanded NFL playoffs no longer seen as likely for next season". Washington Post. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ Maske, Mark (5 June 2017). "Whatever happened to the expanded NFL playoffs? They were going to happen, and then … nothing". Washington Post. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Inside the Numbers". NFL Record & Fact Book 2014. NFL. p. 315. ISBN 978-1618933942.
Jump up ^ "NFL History: 1931–1940". NFL.com. Retrieved November 13, 2013. After the season finale, the league office arranged for an additional regular-season game to determine the league champion
Further reading[edit]
2006 NFL Record and Fact Book. Time Inc. Home Entertainment. ISBN 1-933405-32-5.
Total Football II: The Official Encyclopedia of the National Football League. Harper Collins. ISBN 1-933405-32-5.
The Sporting News Complete Super Bowl Book 1995. ISBN 0-89204-523-X.
External links[edit]
Super Bowl History
Pro-Football-Reference.com – Large online database of NFL data and statistics. Many of the game scores and records in this article can be found there.
[show]
v
t
e
NFL playoffs
Conference tiebreakers
1941
1943
1947
1950
1952
1957
1958
1965
NFL playoff system
1967
1968
1969
1970–71
1971–72
1972–73
1973–74
1974–75
1975–76
1976–77
1977–78
1978–79
1979–80
1980–81
1981–82
1982–83
1983–84
1984–85
1985–86
1986–87
1987–88
1988–89
1989–90
1990–91
1991–92
1992–93
1993–94
1994–95
1995–96
1996–97
1997–98
1998–99
1999–00
2000–01
2001–02
2002–03
2003–04
2004–05
2005–06
2006–07
2007–08
2008–09
2009–10
2010–11
2011–12
2012–13
2013–14
2014–15
2015–16
2016–17
2017–18
2018–19
American Football League playoffs
Post-season streaks
Post-season droughts
AFC Championship Game broadcasters
AFL Championship Game broadcasters
NFC Championship Game broadcasters
NFL Championship Game broadcasters
Playoff Bowl broadcasters
Super Bowl broadcasters
NFL playoff results
NFL playoff games
NFL starting quarterback playoff records
Head coaches by playoff record
[show]
v
t
e
National Football League (2018)
AFC
East North South West
Buffalo Bills
Miami Dolphins
New England Patriots
New York Jets
Baltimore Ravens
Cincinnati Bengals
Cleveland Browns
Pittsburgh Steelers
Houston Texans
Indianapolis Colts
Jacksonville Jaguars
Tennessee Titans
Denver Broncos
Kansas City Chiefs
Los Angeles Chargers
Oakland Raiders
NFC
East North South West
Dallas Cowboys
New York Giants
Philadelphia Eagles
Washington Redskins
Chicago Bears
Detroit Lions
Green Bay Packers
Minnesota Vikings
Atlanta Falcons
Carolina Panthers
New Orleans Saints
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Arizona Cardinals
Los Angeles Rams
San Francisco 49ers
Seattle Seahawks
Seasons
Seasons (by team)
Preseason
Hall of Fame Game
American Bowl
Regular season
Kickoff game
Monday Night Football
International Series
London
Toronto
Bills Series
List of games played outside the U.S.
Thanksgiving games
Christmas games
Playoffs
Streaks
Droughts
AFC Championship
NFC Championship
Super Bowl
champions
quarterbacks
Pro Bowl
History
League history
Executive history
Championship history
Timeline
Defunct franchises
Franchise moves and mergers
Los Angeles team history
Proposed stadiums 1995–2016
American Football League (1960–1969)
Playoffs
Merger
NFL Championship (1920–1969)
Playoff Bowl
Records
individual
team
Super Bowl
All time win–loss
Last undefeated
Tied games
Canceled games
Controversies
Business
Owners
Properties
Management Council
Competition Committee
Collective Bargaining Agreement
National Football League Players Association
Lockouts
Media
TV
NFL Network
NFL RedZone
Radio
NFL Films
Other
Officials
Stadiums
Chronology
Awards
All-Pro
Hall of Fame
Foreign players
Player conduct
Suspensions
Player misconduct
Combine
Draft
Training camp
Rivalries
NFL Foundation
Culture
Cheerleading
Color Rush
Mascots
Lore
Nicknames
Numbers
Retired
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NFL_playoffs&oldid=832860310"
Categories:
National Football League playoffs
Hidden categories:
Good articles
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Deutsch
Magyar
Nederlands
Русский
Simple English
Suomi
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 28 March 2018, at 11:28.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

value: mw-page-base noprint

value: mw-head-base noprint

tag: img

value: This is a good article. Follow the link for more information.

attr: href title

attr: class id

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attr: class style

value: History of the National Football League championship

value: Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada

value:
/wiki/NFL_Playoffs#Breaking_ties
mw-redirect
NFL Playoffs

attr: align border cellpadding cellspacing class style

value: margin: 0 1em 1em 1em; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;

value:
/wiki/Home-field_advantage
mw-redirect
Home-field advantage

attr: data-sort-type class tabindex role title

value:
date
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

value:
/wiki/Dallas_Texans_(AFL)
mw-redirect
Dallas Texans (AFL)

value:
/wiki/Houston_Oilers
mw-redirect
Houston Oilers

value:
/wiki/Baltimore_Colts
mw-redirect
Baltimore Colts

value:
/wiki/St._Louis_Rams
mw-redirect
St. Louis Rams

value: Edit section: Playoff and championship history

value:
/wiki/AFL_playoffs
mw-redirect
AFL playoffs

value:
/wiki/NFL_playoff_game,_1932
mw-redirect
NFL playoff game, 1932

value:
/wiki/Portsmouth_Spartans
mw-redirect
Portsmouth Spartans

value:
/wiki/NFL_Championship_Game
mw-redirect
NFL Championship Game

value:
/wiki/List_of_NFL_champions
mw-redirect
List of NFL champions

value:
/wiki/Miami,_Florida
mw-redirect
Miami, Florida

value:
/wiki/Washington_Post
mw-redirect
Washington Post

value: Edit section: Appearances by active teams

value:
wikitable sortable jquery-tablesorter
text-align:center

value:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: upper-alpha;

value: NFL starting quarterback playoff records

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.nfl.com/history

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.nfl.com/news/story/9057708

value: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

value:
/wiki/Harper_Collins
mw-redirect
Harper Collins

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.superbowl.com/history

value:
nofollow
external text
https://www.pro-football-reference.com

value:
/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_NFL_playoffs
mw-redirect
2018–19 NFL playoffs

value: List of NFL franchise post-season streaks

value: List of NFL franchise post-season droughts

value: List of AFC Championship Game broadcasters

value: List of AFL Championship Game broadcasters

value: List of NFC Championship Game broadcasters

value: List of NFL Championship Game broadcasters

value: List of National Football League head coaches by playoff record

value: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value: border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;background-color:#FFCCCC; text-align:center;;;;width:25%;

value: border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;background-color:#D0E7FF; text-align:center;;;;width:25%;

value: List of National Football League seasons

value: Lists of National Football League team seasons

value: List of National Football League games played outside the United States

value: National Football League Christmas games

value: List of quarterbacks with multiple Super Bowl starts

value: Timeline of the National Football League

value: List of defunct National Football League franchises

value: National Football League franchise moves and mergers

value: History of the National Football League in Los Angeles

value: List of National Football League records (individual)

value: List of National Football League records (team)

value:
/wiki/NFL_win%E2%80%93loss_records
mw-redirect
NFL win–loss records

value: List of last undefeated NFL teams by season

value: National Football League Management Council

value: National Football League Players Association

value: Category:National Football League on the radio

value: List of National Football League officials

value: List of current National Football League stadiums

value: Chronology of home stadiums for current National Football League teams

value: Foreign players in the National Football League

value: List of suspensions in the National Football League

value: National Football League player conduct policy

value: Training camp (National Football League)

value: List of National Football League mascots

value: National Football League uniform numbers

value: List of National Football League retired numbers

value: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

value: Category:National Football League playoffs

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value:
/wiki/NFL_playoffs
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Плей-офф Национальной Футбольной Лиги – Russian

value: National Football League playoffs – Simple English

value: 国家橄榄球联盟季后赛 – Chinese

value: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

value: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

value:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-NFL_playoffs rootpage-NFL_playoffs skin-vector action-view


text:
Lane
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about that part of a carriageway used by a single line of traffic. For a narrow road in the countryside, see country lane. For other uses, see Lane (disambiguation).
Thru lanes indicated by arrows on California CR G4 (Montague Expressway) in Silicon Valley.
In the context of traffic control, a lane is part of a roadway (carriageway) that is designated for use by a single line of vehicles, to control and guide drivers and reduce traffic conflicts.[1] Most public roads (highways) have at least two lanes, one for traffic in each direction, separated by lane markings. On multilane roadways and busier two-lane roads, lanes are designated with road surface markings. Major highways often have two multi-lane roadways separated by a median.
Some roads and bridges that carry very low volumes of traffic are less than 15 feet (4.6 m) wide, and are only a single lane wide. Vehicles travelling in opposite directions must slow or stop to pass each other. In rural areas, these are often called country lanes. In urban areas, alleys are often only one lane wide. Urban and suburban one lane roads are often designated for one-way traffic.
Contents
[hide]
1 Capacity
2 Types
3 Lane width
4 Lane markings
4.1 Numbering of freeway lanes in California
5 History
5.1 Right- and left-hand traffic
6 See also
7 References
Capacity[edit]
Lane capacity varies widely due to conditions such as neighboring lanes, lane width, elements next to the road, number of driveways, presence of parking, speed limits, number of heavy vehicles and so on – the range can be as low as 1000 passenger cars / hour to as high as 4800 passenger cars /hour but mostly falls between 1500 and 2400 passenger cars / hour.[2]
Types[edit]
The Ontario Highway 401 in the Greater Toronto area, with 17 travel lanes in 6 separate carriageways visible in the midground.
Turning lane on the Rodovia BR-101 (Brazil)
Play media
Changing lanes, Gothenburg, Sweden
Transfer lanes, connecting surface collector lanes with through lanes between two tunnels
A left-turn merging lane in Germany, needing explanation by a crafted sign
A traffic lane or travel lane is a lane for the movement of vehicles traveling from one destination to another, not including shoulders.
A through lane or thru lane is a traffic lane for through traffic. At intersections, these may be indicated by arrows on the pavement pointing straight ahead.
An express lane of a road is used for faster moving traffic and has less access to exits/off ramps. In other areas, an express lane may refer to a HOV lane (see below).
A reversible lane (contraflow lane) is a lane where the direction of traffic can be changed to match the peak flow. They are used to accommodate periods of high traffic flow, especially rush hour where the flow is predominantly in one direction, on roads that cannot be easily widened such as over bridges. One or more lanes are removed from the opposing flow and added to the peak flow.
An auxiliary lane is a lane other than a through lane, used to separate entering, exiting or turning traffic from the through traffic.
An acceleration lane or merge lane allows traffic entering a highway to accelerate to the speed of through traffic before merging with it.
A deceleration lane is a lane adjacent to the primary road or street used to improve traffic safety by allowing drivers to pull out of the through lane and decelerate safely before turning off a surface street or exiting a freeway.
A turn lane is set aside for slowing down and making a turn, so as not to disrupt traffic. By removing turning traffic from the through lanes, motorist safety is improved and delay is removed, but crossing distances for pedestrians are lengthened, increasing their exposure to collisions.
A two-way center turn lane is a lane in the center of a roadway to allow drivers traveling in either direction to pause before turning across oncoming traffic (a left turn in right-driving countries, or a right turn in left-driving countries) while waiting for a gap in traffic.
A passing lane is sometimes provided on busy two-lane roads to allow drivers to pass slower vehicles without having to cross the center line and risking a head-on collision.
A climbing lane, truck lane, or crawler lane is often provided on steep mountain grades, in order to allow smaller vehicles to pass larger, slower ones. The lane is marked only on the uphill stretch and usually a short distance afterward (for regaining speed).
An operational lane or auxiliary lane is an extra lane on the entire length of highway between interchanges, giving drivers more time to merge in or out. The lane is created when an entrance ramp meets the highway, and drops out (with an "exit only" sign) to become the ramp at the next exit.[3]
A transfer lane of a road is used to move from express lanes to collector lanes, or vice versa; it is somewhat similar to an auxiliary lane.
A collector lane of a road is used for slower moving traffic and has more access to exits/off ramps.
Dedicated lanes are traffic lanes set aside for particular types of vehicles.
A high occupancy vehicle or carpool lane is reserved for carpooling. In the US, they may be marked with a diamond icon every few hundred feet (hence the nickname "diamond lane"), or separated from other lanes by double broken white lines, a continuous pair of double yellow lines, or just a single broken white line.
A high-occupancy toll lane is a combination of an HOV lane and toll collection technology that allows drivers without passengers to use the HOV lane by paying a premium price for the privilege
A designated bicycle lane is a portion of the roadway or shoulder designated for the exclusive or preferential use of bicyclists. This designation is indicated by special word and/or symbol markings on the pavement and "BIKE LANE" signs.
A motorcycle lane is provided at certain roads and highways such as the Federal Highway in Malaysia to segregate the motorcycle traffic from the main roadways to reduce motorcycle-related accidents. The motorcycle lane may form a part of the hard shoulder, or may be one or more completely separated lanes.
A bus lane is reserved for buses providing public transportation on a fixed route, sometimes with overhead catenary for trolleybuses. In some countries, bus lanes may also be used by some other traffic, such as taxis, bicycles and motorbikes.
A tram lane is a lane reserved for the use of buses, trams and taxicabs. It is usually encountered in cities with curbside tram network, such as Zagreb.
A truckway is a dedicated lane for longer length trucks; for instance, the Florida Turnpike allows 96-foot long double trailer combinations,[4] in contrast to normal Florida highways' 53-foot limit.[5] Since the major cost of trucking is the fixed cost of the same trailer with its driver the cost per ton of operating with truckway size and weight allowances is 35 to 40 percent below the cost of operations on the non-truckways.[6]
In some areas, the lane adjacent to the curb is reserved for non-moving vehicles.
A parking lane is reserved for parallel parking of vehicles.
A fire lane is the area next to a curb, which is reserved for firefighting equipment, ambulances, or other emergency vehicles. Parking in these areas, often marked by red lines, usually warrants a parking ticket.
A loading lane (loading zone in the United States) is an area next to a curb, which is reserved for loading and unloading passengers and/or freight. It may be marked by a sign ("LOADING ONLY" or "LOADING ZONE") or by a yellow or white-painted curb.
A hard shoulder is sometimes called an emergency lane or a breakdown lane, when it is reserved for vehicle breakdowns, and for emergency vehicles. On some congested roads, the shoulder is used as a vehicle lane during peak travel hours.
By law or custom, inside lanes are often reserved for faster traffic, and outside lanes are used by slower traffic.
An overtaking lane is the lane furthest from the shoulder of a multi-lane carriageway/roadway (sometimes called the fast lane, although this is deprecated by the authorities).
The slow lane is the lane nearest to the shoulder of a multi-lane carriageway/roadway.
These usages lead to the phrases life in the slow lane and life in the fast lane, used to describe relaxed or busy lifestyles, respectively and used as the titles of various books and songs.
Lane width[edit]
While in general, wider lanes are associated with a reduction in crashes,[7] in urban settings both narrow (less than 2.8 m) and wide (over 3.1~3.2 m) lanes increase crash risks.[8] Wider lanes (over 3.3~3.4m) are associated with 33% higher impact speeds, as well as higher crash rates. Carrying capacity is also maximal at a width of 3 to 3.1 metres (9.8 to 10.2 ft), both for motor traffic and for bicycles. Pedestrian volume declines as lanes widen, and intersections with narrower lanes provide the highest capacity for bicycles.[9] As lane width decreases, traffic speed diminishes.[10]
Advocates for safety of people walking and people on bikes, and many new urbanists disagree with traditional thinking in traffic engineering, saying that safety and capacity are not adversely impacted by reducing lanes widths to as little as 10 feet (3.0 m).[11] Moreover, wider travel lanes also increase exposure and crossing distance for pedestrians at intersections and midblock crossings.
assumed widths and heights in road design for Europe (in meters)
The widths of vehicle lanes typically vary from 9 to 15 feet (2.7 to 4.6 m). Lane widths are commonly narrower on low volume roads and wider on higher volume roads. The lane width depends on the assumed maximum vehicle width with an additional space to allow for lateral motion of the vehicle.
The maximum truck width had been 96 inches (2.438 m) in the Code of Federal Regulations of 1956 which matches with the width of eight-foot for shipping containers. This had been increased to 102 inches (2.591 m) in 1976 which explicitly states to be read as the slightly larger metric 2.6 metres (102.36 in) width respecting international harmonization.[12] The same applies to standards in Europe which had increased the allowable size of road vehicles with a current maximum of 2.55 metres (100.39 in) for most trucks and allowing 2.6 metres (102.36 in) for refrigerator trucks. The minimum extra space had been 0.20 metres (7.87 in) and it is currently assumed to be at least 0.25 metres (9.84 in) on each side. For roads with a lower amount of traffic it is allowed to build the second or third lane in the same direction to an assumed lower width for cars like 1.75 metres (68.90 in), however this is not recommended as a design principle for new roads as changes in the amount of traffic could make for unnecessarily increased risks in the future.
The Interstate Highway standards for the U.S. Interstate Highway System uses a 12-foot (3.7 m) standard for lane width, while narrower lanes are used on lower classification roads. In Europe, as laws and road width vary by country, the minimum widths of lanes is generally between 2.5 to 3.25 metres (8.2 to 10.7 ft).[13] The federal Bundesstraße interurban network in Germany defines a minimum of 3.5 metres (11 ft 6 in) for each lane for the smallest two lane roads with an additional 0.25 metres (9.84 in) on the outer sides and shoulders being at least 1.5 metres (59.06 in) on each side. A modern Autobahn divided highway will have two lanes per direction which are 3.75 metres (12 ft 4 in) wide with an additional clearance of 0.50 metres (19.69 in) on each side, while three lanes per direction are set at 3.75 metres (12 ft 4 in) for the rightmost lane and 3.5 metres (11 ft 6 in) for the other lanes. Urban access roads and roads in low-density areas may have lanes as small as 2.75 metres (9 ft 0 in) in width per lane with shoulders being at least 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) wide.[14]
Lane markings[edit]
Main article: Road surface marking
A typical rural American freeway (Interstate 5 in the Central Valley of California). Notice the yellow line on the left, the dashed white line in the middle, and the solid white line on the right. Also note the rumble strip to the left of the yellow line.
Painted lane markings vary widely from country to country. In the United States, Canada, Mexico, Honduras, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands and Norway, yellow lines separate traffic going opposite directions and white separates lanes of traffic traveling the same direction, but such is not the case in many European countries.
Lane markings are mostly lines painted on the road by a road marking machine, which can adjust the marking widths according to the lane type.[15]
Numbering of freeway lanes in California[edit]
Traffic reports in California often refer to accidents being "in the number X lane." The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) assigns the numbers from left to right.[16] The far left passing lane is the number 1 lane. The number of the slow lane (closest to freeway onramps/offramps) depends on the total number of lanes, and could be anywhere from 2 to 8.
History[edit]
For much of human history, roads did not need lane markings because most people walked or rode horses at relatively slow speeds. Another reason for not using lane markings is that they are expensive to maintain.
When automobiles, trucks, and buses came into widespread use during the first two decades of the 20th century, head-on collisions became more common.
Without the guidance provided by lane markings, drivers in the early days often erred in favor of keeping closer to the middle of the road, rather than risk going off-road into ditches or trees[citation needed]. This practice often left inadequate room for opposing traffic.
The history of lane markings is connected to the mass automobile construction in Detroit. It resulted in the formation of the first Road Commission of Wayne County, Michigan in 1906 which was trying to make roads safer (Henry Ford served on the board in the first year).[17] The commission would order the construction of the first concrete road in 1909 (the Woodard Avenue in Detroit) and it conceived the centerline for highways in 1911. Hence the chairmen of the Road Commission, Edward N. Hines is widely credited as the inventor of line markings.[18]
The introduction as a common standard is connected to June McCarroll, a physician in Indio, California who started experimenting with painting lines on roads in 1917 after she was run off a highway by a truck driver. In November 1924, after years of lobbying by Dr. McCarroll and her allies, California officially adopted a policy of painting lines on its highways. A portion of Interstate 10 near Indio has been named the Dr. June McCarroll Memorial Freeway in her honor.
black center line on an Autobahn in Germany (late 1930s)
The first lane markings in Europe were painted at an accident hotspot in the small town of Sutton Coldfield near Birmingham, England in 1921. The success of this experiment made its way to other hotspots and later standardization of white paint for line markings in Great Britain.[19]
The first lane markings in Germany were used in Berlin in 1925 using white paint for line markings and road edge markings. When the standard for the new autobahn network was conceived in the 1930s it mandated the usage of black paint for the center line for each carriageway as black was better visible on the bright surface of the concrete roads.
By 1939, lane markings had become so popular that they were officially standardized throughout the United States. The concept of line markings spread throughout the world becoming standard for most roads. Originally the lines were drawn manually with normal paint which would bleach out quickly. After the war, the first machines for line markings were invented[20] and a plastic strip was becoming standard in the 1950s which led to gradually find line markings on all roads.
Right- and left-hand traffic[edit]
Main article: Right- and left-hand traffic
See also[edit]
Country lane
Green lane (road)
Lane departure warning system
Lane splitting
Road surface
Road surface marking
Road marking machine
Shoulder (road)
Traffic directionality
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Lane – Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary". merriam-webster.com.
Jump up ^ Guide to Traffic Management Part 3: Traffic Studies and Analysis. Austroads. 2013. pp. Section 4.
Jump up ^ "Glossary". Kurumi.com. Retrieved June 3, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Rule 14–61 Tandem Trailers on Florida's Turnpike". www.floridasturnpike.com. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The 2015 Florida Statutes, 316.515(3)(b)2". www.leg.state.fl.us. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ Samuel, Peter. "The Way Forward to the Private Provision of Public Roads". Street Smart: Competition, Entrepreneurship and the Future of Roads. pp. 516–517.
Jump up ^ "Evaluating the Need for Surface Treatments to Reduce Crash Frequency on Horizontal Curves". Texas A&M Transportation Institute. Retrieved 2017-03-07.
Jump up ^ Dewan Masud Karim. Narrower Lanes, Safer Streets (Accepted Paper for CITE Conference Regina, June 2015) https://www.academia.edu/12488747/Narrower_Lanes_Safer_Streets_Accepted_Paper_for_CITE_Conference_Regina_June_2015_ accessed January 1, 2015
Jump up ^ Dewan Masud Karim. Narrower Lanes, Safer Streets (Accepted Paper for CITE Conference Regina, June 2015) https://www.academia.edu/12488747/Narrower_Lanes_Safer_Streets_Accepted_Paper_for_CITE_Conference_Regina_June_2015_ accessed January 1, 2015
Jump up ^ "Lane Width". Chapter 3: The 13 Controlling Criteria. US Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved June 3, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Theo Petrisch, "The Truth about Lane Widths," The Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center, accessed April 12, 2013".
Jump up ^ "Federal Size Regulations for Commercial Motor Vehicles". Retrieved 2015-09-14.
Jump up ^ "EuroTest". Eurotestmobility.net. Retrieved 2012-08-08.
Jump up ^ de:Richtlinien für die Anlage von Straßen – Querschnitt
Jump up ^ "how to paint road marking lines of different widths".
Jump up ^ "Highway Design Manual: Chapter 60: Nomenclature" (PDF). California Department of Transportation. State of California. Retrieved June 3, 2013.
Jump up ^ http://www.waynecounty.com/dps/1995.htm
Jump up ^ http://www.michigan.gov/mdot/0,1607,7-151-9620_11154_41535-126420--,00.html
Jump up ^ Douglas V. Jones: The Royal Town of Sutton Coldfield – A Commemorative History, Westwood Press 1994, ISBN 0-9502636-7-2.
Jump up ^ Zeitreise der Markierungstechnik
[show]
v
t
e
Streets and roadways
Types of road
Limited-access
Freeway / Motorway
Dual carriageway / Divided highway / Expressway
Elevated highway
By country
Brazil
China
Croatia
Czech Republic
Germany
Greece
Hong Kong
India
Ireland
Italy
Pakistan
Portugal
Spain
United Kingdom
United States
Main roads
Arterial road
Collector road
County highway
Express-collector setup
Farm-to-market road
Highway
Link road
Two-lane expressway
2+1 road
2+2 road
Parkway
Super two
Trunk road
Highway systems by country
Local roads
Alley
Backroad
Bicycle boulevard
Boulevard
Country lane
Dead end
Driveway
Frontage road
Green lane
Main street
Primitive road
Road
Side road
Single carriageway
Single-track road
Street
Sunken lane
Other terms
Channelization
Concurrency
Detour
Hierarchy of roads
Private highway
Route number
Special route
Business route
Street hierarchy
Toll road
Road junctions
Interchanges
(grade-separated)
Cloverleaf
Diamond
Free-flow
Directional T
Diverging diamond
Parclo
Raindrop
Roundabout
Single-point urban (SPUI)
Stack
Three-level diamond
Trumpet
Intersections
(at-grade)
3-way junction
Bowtie
Box junction
Continuous flow
Hook turn
Jughandle
Michigan left
Offset T-intersection
Protected intersection
Quadrant roadway
Right-in/right-out (RIRO)
Roundabout
Seagull intersection
Split intersection
Superstreet
Texas U-turn
Traffic circle
Turnaround
Surfaces
Asphalt concrete
Bioasphalt
Brick
Chipseal
Cobblestone
Concrete
Reinforced concrete
Corduroy
Crocodile cracking
Crushed stone
Diamond grinding of pavement
Dirt
Full depth recycling
Glassphalt
Gravel
Ice
Macadam
Pavement milling
Permeable
Plank
Rubberized asphalt
Sealcoat
Sett
Stamped asphalt
Tarmac
Texture
Road hazards
Aquaplaning
Black ice
Bleeding
Crosswind
Dead Man's Curve
Expansion joint
Fog
Ford
Hairpin turn
Level crossing
Manhole cover
Oil spill
Oversize load
Pothole
Road debris
Road slipperiness
Road train
Roadkill
Rockfall
Rut
Speed bump
Storm drain
Washboarding
Washout
Whiteout
Space and time allocation
Barrier transfer machine
Bicycle lane
Climbing lane
Complete streets
Contraflow lane
Contraflow lane reversal
High-occupancy toll lane
High-occupancy vehicle lane
Lane
Living street
Managed lane
Median / Central reservation
Motorcycle lane
Passing lane
Pedestrian crossing
Pedestrian zone
Refuge island
Reversible lane
Road diet
Road verge
Runaway truck ramp
Shared space
Sidewalk / Pavement
Shoulder
Street running railway
Traffic calming
Traffic directionality
Traffic island
Traffic lanes
Traffic signal preemption
Unused highway
Wide outside lane
Woonerf
Demarcation
Bollard
Botts' dots
Cable barrier
Cat's eye (road)
Concrete step barrier
Constant-slope barrier
Curb
F-Shape barrier
Guard rail
Jersey barrier
Kassel kerb
Noise barrier
Raised pavement marker
Road surface marking
Rumble strip
Traffic barrier
Traffic cone
Structures
Bridge
Causeway
Overpass / Flyover
Underpass / Tunnel
Glossary of road transport terms
Road types by features
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lane&oldid=811684857"
Categories:
Road infrastructure
Hidden categories:
Use mdy dates from September 2016
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from February 2007
Articles containing video clips
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Bosanski
Català
Dansk
Deutsch
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Galego
Bahasa Indonesia
Íslenska
Italiano
Latina
मराठी
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Polski
Русский
Simple English
Svenska
ไทย
Українська
اردو
粵語
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 23 November 2017, at 06:42.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

tag: div

attr: id class

value: mw-page-base noprint

key: html

type: local

value: mw-head-base noprint

tag: a

attr: id class lang

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attr: href class title

value:
/wiki/Lane_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Lane (disambiguation)

attr: role class

value:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

attr: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attr: href class

value:
/wiki/Montague_Expressway
mw-redirect
Montague Expressway

tag: b

tag: sup

value:
/wiki/Lane_markings
mw-redirect
Lane markings

value:
/wiki/Central_reservation
mw-redirect
Central reservation

attr: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value:
/wiki/Greater_Toronto
mw-redirect
Greater Toronto

value: margin-left: auto; margin-right:auto; overflow:hidden; width:auto; max-width:1008px;

value: File:Changing lanes in Gothenburg ubt.ogv

value: <video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Changing_lanes_in_Gothenburg_ubt.ogv/640px--Changing_lanes_in_Gothenburg_ubt.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" autoplay="" style="width:640px;height:480px" class="kskin" data-durationhint="34.599654" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="Changing_lanes_in_Gothenburg_ubt.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/Changing_lanes_in_Gothenburg_ubt.ogv/Changing_lanes_in_Gothenburg_ubt.ogv.480p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="SD WebM (480P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 480P" data-transcodekey="480p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" data-bandwidth="1004176" data-framerate="30.000300003"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Changing_lanes_in_Gothenburg_ubt.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-title="Original Ogg file, 640 × 480 (2.26 Mbps)" data-shorttitle="Ogg source" data-width="640" data-height="480" data-bandwidth="2262522" data-framerate="30.000300003"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/Changing_lanes_in_Gothenburg_ubt.ogv/Changing_lanes_in_Gothenburg_ubt.ogv.160p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="Low bandwidth WebM (160P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 160P" data-transcodekey="160p.webm" data-width="214" data-height="160" data-bandwidth="127816" data-framerate="30.000300003"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/Changing_lanes_in_Gothenburg_ubt.ogv/Changing_lanes_in_Gothenburg_ubt.ogv.240p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="Small WebM (240P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 240P" data-transcodekey="240p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" data-bandwidth="253312" data-framerate="30.000300003"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/Changing_lanes_in_Gothenburg_ubt.ogv/Changing_lanes_in_Gothenburg_ubt.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="WebM (360P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 360P" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" data-bandwidth="502800" data-framerate="30.000300003"/></video>

value: Segregated cycle facilities: Official definitions and legislation

value:
/wiki/Overhead_lines
mw-redirect
Overhead lines

value:
/wiki/Florida_Turnpike
mw-redirect
Florida Turnpike

value:
/wiki/Curb_(road)
mw-redirect
Curb (road)

value:
/wiki/Hard_shoulder
mw-redirect
Hard shoulder

value:
/wiki/Road_marking_machine
mw-redirect
Road marking machine

value: Edit section: Numbering of freeway lanes in California

value: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2007)

value:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

value: Edit section: Right- and left-hand traffic

value:
/wiki/Right-_and_left-hand_traffic
mw-redirect
Right- and left-hand traffic

value:
/wiki/Traffic_directionality
mw-redirect
Traffic directionality

value:
nofollow
external free
http://www.waynecounty.com/dps/1995.htm

value: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

value: Category:Limited-access roads by country

value:
/wiki/Raindrop_interchange
mw-redirect
Raindrop interchange

value:
/wiki/Bicycle_lane
mw-redirect
Bicycle lane

value:
/wiki/Traffic_lanes
mw-redirect
Traffic lanes

value: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

value: Category:Use mdy dates from September 2016

value: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

value: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2007

value: Category:Articles containing video clips

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value:
/wiki/Lane
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value:
/w/index.php?title=Lane&action=edit
Edit this page [ctrl-alt-e]
e

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

value: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

value: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

value: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

value: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

value: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

value: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

value: Permanent link to this revision of the page

value: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

value: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

value:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

value:
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carril
Carril – Catalan
ca
ca
interlanguage-link-target

value:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carril
Carril – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

value: خط (ترابری) – Persian

value:
https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carril
Carril – Galician
gl
gl
interlanguage-link-target

value:
https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akrein
Akrein – Icelandic
is
is
interlanguage-link-target

value: मार्गिका – Marathi

value:
https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorong
Lorong – Malay
ms
ms
interlanguage-link-target

value:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rijstrook
Rijstrook – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

value:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pas_ruchu
Pas ruchu – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

value: Полоса движения – Russian

value:
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lane
Lane – Simple English
simple
simple
interlanguage-link-target

value: ช่องจราจร – Thai

value: Смуга руху – Ukrainian

value: رویہ (سڑک) – Urdu

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Lane rootpage-Lane skin-vector action-view


text:
Lists of The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This is a list of lists by year of The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers.
The New York Times Best Seller list was first published without fanfare on 12 October 1931.[1][2] It consisted of five fiction and four non-fiction for the New York City region only.[2] The following month the list was expanded to eight cities, with a separate list for each city.[2]
By the early 1940s, fourteen cities were included. A national list was created 9 April 1942, in The New York Times Book Review (Sundays) as a supplement to the regular paper's city lists (Monday edition).[2] The national list ranked by weighting how many times the book appeared in each city list.[2]
A few years later, the city lists were eliminated leaving only the national rankings, which was compiled according to "reports from leading booksellers in 22 cities," a system which remains, although the specifics have changed.[2]
The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers by year[edit]
(links are to lists of The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of YYYY)
[hide]
v
t
e
Lists of The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers
1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 • 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 • 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 • 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 • 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 • 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
See also[edit]
Books portal
Lists portal
List of The New York Times Non-Fiction Best Sellers
Books in the United States
References[edit]
Jump up ^ The New York Times. 12 October 1931. p. 19.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Miller, Laura J. (2000). "The Best-Seller List as Marketing Tool and Historical Fiction". In Ezra Greenspan (editor). Book History. Volume Three. Penn State University Press. pp. 286–304. CS1 maint: Extra text: editors list (link)
[show]
v
t
e
Books
Production
Authors
Binding
By date
Decade
Year
Covers
Jackets
Design
Editing
Illustration
Literature
Printing
History
Incunabula
Publishing
By country
Typesetting
Consumption
Awards
Bestsellers
Bibliography
Bibliophilia
Bibliotherapy
Bookmarks
Bookselling
Blurbs
Book towns
Shops
Censorship
Clubs
Collecting
Digitizing
Fairs
Furniture
Bookcases
Bookends
Libraries
Legislation
Lists
Print culture
Reading
Literacy
Reviews
Other
By country
Brazil
France
Germany
Italy
Pakistan
UK
US
Formats
Audiobooks
E-books
Genres
Children's
Fictional
History of books
Historians
Intellectual property
ISBN
Outline
Terminology
Types
Category
Commons
Portal
WikiProject
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lists_of_The_New_York_Times_Fiction_Best_Sellers&oldid=812539123"
Categories:
Fiction books
Lists of lists
The New York Times Best Seller list
Hidden categories:
CS1 maint: Extra text: editors list
Use mdy dates from May 2014
Use American English from May 2014
All Wikipedia articles written in American English
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Edit links
This page was last edited on 28 November 2017, at 11:58.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

value: mw-page-base noprint

value: mw-head-base noprint

tag: i

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

tag: p

value: Edit section: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers by year

value: Template talk:NYT fiction number 1s (page does not exist)

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1931

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1932 (page does not exist)

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1933 (page does not exist)

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1934 (page does not exist)

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1935 (page does not exist)

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1936 (page does not exist)

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1937 (page does not exist)

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1938 (page does not exist)

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1939 (page does not exist)

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1940 (page does not exist)

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1941 (page does not exist)

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1942

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1943

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1944

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1945

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1946

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1947

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1948

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1949

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1950

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1951

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1952

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1953

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1954

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1955

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1956

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1957

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1958

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1959

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1960

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1961

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1962

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1963

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1964

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1965

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1966

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1967

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1968

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1969

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1970

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1971

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1972

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1973

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1974

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1975

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1976

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1977

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1978

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1979

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1980

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1981

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1982

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1983

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1984

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1985

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1986

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1987

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1988

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1989

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1990

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1991

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1992

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1993

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1994

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1995

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1996

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1997

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1998

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 1999

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2000

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2001

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2002

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2003

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2004

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2005

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2006

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2007

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2008

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2009

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2010

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2011

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2012

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2013

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2014

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2015

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2016

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2017

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2018

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2019 (page does not exist)

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2020 (page does not exist)

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2021 (page does not exist)

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2022 (page does not exist)

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2023 (page does not exist)

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2024 (page does not exist)

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2025 (page does not exist)

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2026 (page does not exist)

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2027 (page does not exist)

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2028 (page does not exist)

value: The New York Times Fiction Best Sellers of 2029 (page does not exist)

value: nowraplinks collapsible expanded navbox-inner

value: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

value: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

value: Lists of The New York Times Non-Fiction Best Sellers

value: Category:CS1 maint: Extra text: editors list

value:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

attr: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value: Category:The New York Times Best Seller list

value: Category:Use American English from May 2014

value: Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

value: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

value: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

value: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

value: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

value: قائمة نيويورك تايمز للروايات الأكثر مبيعا – Arabic

value: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

value: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

value:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Lists_of_The_New_York_Times_Fiction_Best_Sellers rootpage-Lists_of_The_New_York_Times_Fiction_Best_Sellers skin-vector action-view