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Afro-Eurasia
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"World Island" redirects here. For the artificial archipelago, see The World (archipelago).
Coordinates: 21°30′00″N 86°30′00″E / 21.5000°N 86.5000°E / 21.5000; 86.5000
Afro-Eurasia
Area
84,980,532 km2 (32,811,167 sq mi)
Population
6,151,810,000 (2013)
Demonym
Afro-Eurasian,Eurafrasian
Countries
147
Dependencies
17
Afro-Eurasia,[1] Afroeurasia,[2] or Eurafrasia,[3] nicknamed the World Island, is a landmass which can be subdivided into Africa and Eurasia (which can be further subdivided into Asia and Europe). These three continents form the largest contiguous landmass on Earth. The terms are portmanteaus of the names of its constituent parts.[3]
Afro-Eurasia encompasses 84,980,532 square kilometres (32,811,167 sq mi), a little over half the world's land area, and has a population of approximately 6 billion people, roughly 86% of the world population.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Related terms
2 Geology
3 Divisions
3.1 Geographical areas
4 Extreme points
5 See also
6 References
Related terms[edit]
The following terms are used for similar concepts:
The Ecumene: a term from classical antiquity for the world as was known to ancient Greek scholars, which was limited to Europe and parts of Asia and Africa.
The Old World: a term from the Age of Discovery which, for European explorers, contrasted the previously known world from the New World of the Americas.
The World Island: a term coined by H.J. Mackinder and used in geopolitical contexts.[5] Mackinder defines the World Island as the large contiguous landmass, technically excluding islands such as Great Britain.[6] "Afro-Eurasia" generally includes those islands usually considered part of Africa, Europe and Asia.
Geology[edit]
Main articles: Eurasian Plate, African Plate, Indo-Australian Plate, and Arabian Plate
Although Afro-Eurasia is typically considered to comprise two or three separate continents, it is not a proper supercontinent. Instead, it is the largest present part of the supercontinent cycle.
The oldest part of Afro-Eurasia is probably the Kaapvaal Craton, which together with Madagascar and parts of India and western Australia formed part of the first supercontinent Vaalbara or Ur around 3 billion years ago. It has made up parts of every supercontinent since. At the breakup of Pangaea around 200 million years ago, the North American and Eurasian Plates together formed Laurasia while the African Plate remained in Gondwana, from which the Indian Plate split off. This impacted southern Asia around 50 million years ago and began the formation of the Himalayas. (Around the same time, it also fused with the Australian Plate.) The Arabian Plate broke off of Africa around 30 million years ago and impacted the Iranian Plate between 19 and 12 million years ago, ultimately forming the Alborz and Zagros chains of Iranian Plate. After this initial connection of Afro-Eurasia, the Betic corridor along the Gibraltar Arc closed a little less than 6 million years ago, fusing Northwest Africa and Iberia together. This led to the nearly complete desiccation of the Mediterranean Basin, the Messinian salinity crisis. Eurasia and Africa were then again separated: the Zanclean Flood around 5.33 million years ago refilled the Mediterranean Sea through the Strait of Gibraltar and the Red Sea and Gulf of Suez Rifts further divided Africa from the Arabian Plate.
Today, Africa is now joined to Asia only by a narrow land bridge (which has been split by the Suez Canal at the Isthmus of Suez) and remains separated from Europe by the Straits of Gibraltar and Sicily. Paleogeologist Ronald Blakey has described the next 15 to 100 million years of tectonic development as fairly settled and predictable.[7] In that time, Africa is expected to continue drifting northward. It will close the Strait of Gibraltar around 600,000 years from now,[8] closing and quickly evaporating the Mediterranean Sea.[9] No supercontinent will form within the settled time frame, however, and the geologic record is full of unexpected shifts in tectonic activity that make further projections "very, very speculative".[7] Three possibilities are known as Novopangaea, Amasia, and Pangaea Ultima.[10] In the first two, the Pacific closes and Africa remains fused to Eurasia, but Eurasia itself splits as Africa and Europe spin towards the west; in the last, the trio spin eastward together as the Atlantic closes.
Divisions[edit]
Another projection of the Old World
Normally Afro-Eurasia is divided at the Suez Canal into Africa and Eurasia, the latter of which can be subdivided into Europe and Asia. It has also been divided into Eurasia-North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa for cultural and historical reasons.[11]
Geographical areas[edit]
Africa
North Africa
Maghreb
Sahara
Sahel
Sub-Saharan Africa
Central Africa
Congo Basin
East Africa
Horn of Africa
Southern Africa
West Africa
Sudan (region)
Eurasia
Asia
Far East
East Asia
Southeast Asia
Greater Middle East
Central Asia
Middle East
Near East
Western Asia
Fertile Crescent
Hilly Flanks
North Asia
Siberia
South Asia
Indian subcontinent
Europe
Central Europe
Eastern Europe
Northern Europe
Southern Europe
Western Europe
Extreme points[edit]
This is a list of the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location on Afro-Eurasia.
Afro-Eurasia (including islands)
Northernmost Point — Cape Fligeli, Rudolf Island, Franz Josef Land, Russia
Southernmost Point — Cape Agulhas, South Africa
Westernmost Point — Santo Antão, Cape Verde Islands ¹
Easternmost Point — Big Diomede, Russia ²
Afro-Eurasia (mainland)
Northernmost Point — Cape Chelyuskin, Russia
Southernmost Point — Cape Agulhas, South Africa
Westernmost Point — Cap Vert, Senegal
Easternmost Point — Cape Dezhnev, Russia ²
¹ If the Azores are included as part of Afro-Eurasia, Flores is the westernmost part of the continent.
² According to the International Date Line.
See also[edit]
Geography portal
Africa portal
Asia portal
Europe portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Afro-Eurasia.
Old World
Geography of Africa
Geography of Asia
Geography of Europe
Intermediate Region
Extreme points of Earth
Extreme points of Africa
Extreme points of Eurasia
Extreme points of Asia
Extreme points of Europe
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Frank, Andre G. (1998), ReORIENT: Global Economy in the Asian Age, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-21474-3
Jump up ^ Field, Henry. "The University of California African Expedition: I, Egypt", American Anthropologist, New Series Vol. 50, No. 3, Part 1 (Jul. - Sep., 1948), pp. 479-493.
^ Jump up to: a b R. W. McColl, ed. (2005). 'continents' - Encyclopedia of World Geography, Volume 1. Golson Books, Ltd. p. 215. ISBN 9780816072293. Retrieved 2012-06-26. And since Africa and Asia are connected at the Suez Peninsula, Europe, Africa, and Asia are sometimes combined as Afro-Eurasia or Eurafrasia.
Jump up ^ Based upon population estimates for 2007 cited in a UN report, World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision (Highlights).
Jump up ^ Mackinder, Halford John. The Geographical Pivot of History.
Jump up ^ See Francis P. Sempa, Mackinder's World
^ Jump up to: a b Manaugh, Geoff & al. "What Did the Continents Look Like Millions of Years Ago?" in The Atlantic online. 23 Sept 2013. Accessed 22 July 2014.
Jump up ^ Africa will collide with Europe and Asia, 50 Million years from now
Jump up ^ "Only the inflow of Atlantic water maintains the present Mediterranean level. When that was shut off sometime between 6.5 to 6 MYBP, net evaporative loss set in at the rate of around 3,300 cubic kilometers yearly. At that rate, the 3.7 million cubic kilometres of water in the basin would dry up in scarcely more than a thousand years, leaving an extensive layer of salt some tens of meters thick and raising global sea level about 12 meters." Cloud, P. (1988). Oasis in space. Earth history from the beginning, New York: W.W. Norton & Co. Inc., 440. ISBN 0-393-01952-7
Jump up ^ Williams, Caroline; Ted Nield (20 October 2007). "Pangaea, the comeback". NewScientist. Archived from the original on 13 April 2008. Retrieved 28 September 2009.
Jump up ^ Diamond, Jared (1997), Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies, Norton & Company, ISBN 0-393-03891-2
[hide]
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America
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Oceania
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Geography of Africa
Geography of Asia
Geography of Europe
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Extreme points of Earth
Extreme points of Asia
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text:
Brant Daugherty
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Brant Daugherty
Born
(1985-08-20) August 20, 1985 (age 32)
Mason, Ohio, U.S.
Nationality
American
Occupation
Actor
Years active
2008–present
Home town
Mason, Ohio
Height
6 ft 1 in (1.85m)
Brant David Daugherty (born August 20, 1985) is an American actor,[1] known for his recurring role as Noel Kahn on the teen drama television series, Pretty Little Liars.[2] In 2013, he had a recurring role as Brian in the long-running NBC daytime drama Days of Our Lives.[3][4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Career
2 Personal life
3 Filmography
3.1 Film
3.2 Television
3.3 Web
4 References
5 External links
Career[edit]
In 2013, he was a regular of the cast of Lifetime Network's Army Wives for season 7, which began airing in April 2013, in the role of Patrick Clarke.[5][6]
He had a credited role in Jason Friedberg and Aaron Seltzer's motion picture comedy film, The Starving Games released in fall 2013.
In 2014, he had a credited role in the Charlie Sheen FX series Anger Management.
Daugherty was a contestant in season 17 of Dancing with the Stars in which he partnered with professional dancer Peta Murgatroyd.[7] They were eliminated in the eighth week of competition, finishing in seventh place.
In 2018, he played Luke Sawyer in the film Fifty Shades Freed.[8]
Personal life[edit]
Daugherty was born and raised in Mason, Ohio, the son of David Daugherty, an art teacher, and his wife, Mary Beth (née Hirt) Daugherty, head of rehabilitation services for Shriners Hospitals for Children, Cincinnati. He grew up along with his brother, Adam, and sister, Caitey. Brant's father, David, was an art teacher at Mason Middle School when he died of cancer on February 19, 2009 at age 57.[9][10][11]
Daugherty attended William Mason High School, where he played football until his sophomore year and later tried out for the school play. He continued to perform in school plays until his graduation in 2004.[9][12] He moved to Los Angeles in 2008 after earning a film degree from Columbia College Chicago. He now resides in West Hollywood.
He started dating actress Kimberly Hidalgo in 2016. They got engaged in February 2018, during a trip to Amsterdam.[13]
Filmography[edit]
Film[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2008 Suspended Bill Short film
2013 The Starving Games Dale
2013 Something Wicked Aiden Short film
2015 Merry Kissmas Dustin Casey
2016 Oranges Danny Foster
2017 Broken Strings Agent Short film
2018 Fifty Shades Freed Luke Sawyer
Television[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2010 Super Sportlets Ben / Ballistico Main role; 27 episodes
2010–2016 Pretty Little Liars Noel Kahn Recurring role; 27 episodes
2012–2013 Days of Our Lives Brian Recurring role; 14 episodes
2013 Army Wives Lt. Patrick Clarke Recurring role; 9 episodes
2013 Dancing with the Stars Himself Contestant
2014 Anger Management Tiffer Episode: "Charlie Pledges a Sorority Sister"
2014 The Michaels Tom Stanfield Television film
2015 Ungodly Acts Daniel Television film
2015 Merry Kissmas Dustin Casey Television Film
2016 Suicide Note Brady Faris Television film
2016 Accidentally Engaged Chas Hunter Television film
2017 Dear White People Thane Lockwood Recurring role; 2 episodes
2017 Freakish Jake Recurring role
Web[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2009 Private Thomas Pearson 10 episodes
2012 Pretty Dirty Secrets Noel Kahn Episode: "I'm a Free Man"
2016 Relationship Status Church 3 episodes
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Moorhouse, Drusilla (January 10, 2011). "Pretty Little Liars Renewed for Season Two; Plus, Scoop!". E! Online. Archived from the original on September 4, 2012. Retrieved 23 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Wieselman, Jarett (June 21, 2011). "Brant Daugherty: Noel could bring Rosewood to its knees!". NYPost. Archived from the original on 29 January 2012. Retrieved 13 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "DAYS Hires New Actor". Soap Opera Digest. April 25, 2012. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Days of Our Lives History". About.com Entertainment.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (January 28, 2013). "Brant Daugherty Joins 'Army Wives'". Deadline.com. Retrieved April 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ Allen. "Army Wives". TV Fanatic.
Jump up ^ ""Dancing with the Stars": Leah Remini, Valerie Harper, Snooki among new cast". CBS News.
Jump up ^ Evans, Greg (2016-01-28). "Brant Daugherty Signs On For 'Fifty Shades Freed' Role". Deadline. Retrieved 2016-02-21.
^ Jump up to: a b "Television - Cincinnati.com - cincinnati.com". Cincinnati.com.
Jump up ^ "David Daugherty Obituary - Deerfield, Ohio - Hodapp Funeral Homes". tributes.com.
Jump up ^ "David Daugherty Obituary: View David Daugherty's Obituary by Dayton Daily News". Dayton Daily News.
Jump up ^ "Cincinnati.com". masonbuzz.com.
Jump up ^ https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/fifty-shades-freeds-brant-daugherty-engaged-to-kimberly-hidalgo/
External links[edit]
Official website
Brant Daugherty on IMDb
Brant Daugherty on Twitter
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 182171342
LCCN: no2011132561
GND: 1052077056
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brant_Daugherty&oldid=838262092"
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text:
Judicial review
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Not to be confused with Law review.
This article is about court power over non-judicial branches. For court power over lower courts, see Appellate review.
Judicial review is a process under which executive and (in some countries) legislative actions are subject to review by the judiciary. A court with judicial review power may invalidate laws and decisions that are incompatible with a higher authority; an executive decision may be invalidated for being unlawful or a statute may be invalidated for violating the terms of a written constitution. Judicial review is one of the checks and balances in the separation of powers: the power of the judiciary to supervise the legislative and executive branches when the latter exceed their authority. The doctrine varies between jurisdictions, so the procedure and scope of judicial review may differ between and within countries.
Contents
[hide]
1 General principles
1.1 Administrative acts
1.2 Primary legislation
1.2.1 No review by any courts
1.2.2 Review by general courts
1.2.3 Review by a specialized court
2 In specific jurisdictions
3 See also
4 References
5 Further reading
6 External links
General principles[edit]
Judicial review can be understood in the context of two distinct—but parallel—legal systems, civil law and common law, and also by two distinct theories of democracy regarding the manner in which government should be organized with respect to the principles and doctrines of legislative supremacy and the separation of powers.
First, two distinct legal systems, civil law and common law, have different views about judicial review. Common-law judges are seen as sources of law, capable of creating new legal principles, and also capable of rejecting legal principles that are no longer valid. In the civil-law tradition, judges are seen as those who apply the law, with no power to create (or destroy) legal principles.
Secondly, the idea of separation of powers is another theory about how a democratic society's government should be organized. In contrast to legislative supremacy, the idea of separation of powers was first introduced by Montesquieu;[1] it was later institutionalized in the United States by the Supreme Court ruling in Marbury v. Madison under the court of John Marshall. Separation of powers is based on the idea that no branch of government should be able to exert power over any other branch without due process of law; each branch of government should have a check on the powers of the other branches of government, thus creating a regulative balance among all branches of government. The key to this idea is checks and balances. In the United States, judicial review is considered a key check on the powers of the other two branches of government by the judiciary.
Differences in organizing "democratic" societies led to different views regarding judicial review, with societies based on common law and those stressing a separation of powers being the most likely to utilize judicial review. Nevertheless, many countries whose legal systems are based on the idea of legislative supremacy have learned the possible dangers and limitations of entrusting power exclusively to the legislative branch of government. Many countries with civil-law systems have adopted a form of judicial review to stem the tyranny of the majority.
Another reason why judicial review should be understood in the context of both the development of two distinct legal systems (civil law and common law) and two theories of democracy (legislative supremacy and separation of powers) is that some countries with common-law systems do not have judicial review of primary legislation. Though a common-law system is present in the United Kingdom, the country still has a strong attachment to the idea of legislative supremacy; consequently, judges in the United Kingdom do not have the power to strike down primary legislation. However, since the United Kingdom became a member of the European Union there has been tension between its tendency toward legislative supremacy and the EU's legal system, which specifically gives the Court of Justice of the European Union the power of judicial review.
Administrative acts[edit]
Most modern legal systems allow the courts to review administrative acts (individual decisions of a public body, such as a decision to grant a subsidy or to withdraw a residence permit). In most systems, this also includes review of secondary legislation (legally enforceable rules of general applicability adopted by administrative bodies). Some countries (notably France and Germany) have implemented a system of administrative courts which are charged with resolving disputes between members of the public and the administration. In other countries (including the United States and United Kingdom), judicial review is carried out by regular civil courts although it may be delegated to specialized panels within these courts (such as the Administrative Court within the High Court of England and Wales). The United States employs a mixed system in which some administrative decisions are reviewed by the United States district courts (which are the general trial courts), some are reviewed directly by the United States courts of appeals and others are reviewed by specialized tribunals such as the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims (which, despite its name, is not technically part of the federal judicial branch). It is quite common that before a request for judicial review of an administrative act is filed with a court, certain preliminary conditions (such as a complaint to the authority itself) must be fulfilled. In most countries, the courts apply special procedures in administrative cases.
Primary legislation[edit]
There are three broad approaches to judicial review of the constitutionality of primary legislation—that is, laws passed directly by an elected legislature.
No review by any courts[edit]
Some countries do not permit a review of the validity of primary legislation. In the United Kingdom, statutes cannot be set aside under the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty. Another example is the Netherlands, where the constitution expressly forbids the courts to rule on the question of constitutionality of primary legislation.[2]
Review by general courts[edit]
In the United States, federal and state courts (at all levels, both appellate and trial) are able to review and declare the "constitutionality", or agreement with the Constitution (or lack thereof) of legislation by a process of judicial interpretation that is relevant to any case properly within their jurisdiction. In American legal language, "judicial review" refers primarily to the adjudication of constitutionality of statutes, especially by the Supreme Court of the United States. This is commonly held to have been established in the case of Marbury v. Madison, which was argued before the Supreme Court in 1803. A similar system was also adopted in Australia.[3]
Review by a specialized court[edit]
Further information: Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic
In 1920, Czechoslovakia adopted a system of judicial review by a specialized court, the Constitutional Court as written by Hans Kelsen, a leading jurist of the time. This system was later adopted by Austria and became known as the Austrian System, also under the primary authorship of Hans Kelsen, being emulated by a number of other countries. In these systems, other courts are not competent to question the constitutionality of primary legislation; they often may, however, initiate the process of review by the Constitutional Court.[4]
Russia adopts a mixed model since (as in the US) courts at all levels, both federal and state, are empowered to review primary legislation and declare its constitutionality; as in the Czech Republic, there is a constitutional court in charge of reviewing the constitutionality of primary legislation. The difference is that in the first case, the decision about the law′s adequacy to the Russian Constitution only binds the parties to the lawsuit; in the second, the Court's decision must be followed by judges and government officials at all levels.
In specific jurisdictions[edit]
Judicial review in Bangladesh
Judicial review in Canada
Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic
Judicial review in Denmark
Judicial review in Germany
Judicial review in Hong Kong
Judicial review in Ireland
Judicial review in Malaysia
Judicial review in New Zealand
Judicial review in the Philippines
Judicial review in South Africa
Judicial review in Sweden
Judicial review in Switzerland
Judicial Yuan - Taiwan
Judicial review in English law – also similar in Wales
Judicial review in Scotland
Judicial review in the United States
See also[edit]
Judicial Appeal
Judicial activism
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Montesquieu, Baron Charles de, The Spirit of the Laws
Jump up ^ Article 120 of the Netherlands Constitution
Jump up ^ Australian Communist Party v Commonwealth (1951) 83 CLR 1 AustLII
Jump up ^ The strength of the combination Government - Parliament ... far from outperform the reasons of the Constitutional scrutiny, makes the judicial review more necessary than ever: Buonomo, Giampiero (2006). "Peculato d'uso: perché il condannato non può fare il Sindaco. Dalla Consulta "no" ai Dl senza necessità e urgenza". Diritto&Giustizia edizione online. – via Questia (subscription required)
Further reading[edit]
Edward S. Corwin, The Doctrine of Judicial Review: Its Legal and Historical Basis and Other Essays. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2014.
External links[edit]
Judicial Review: A Legal Guide
Corrado, Michael Louis (2005). Comparative Constitutional Law: Cases and Materials. ISBN 0-89089-710-7. (Country by country case studies)
N. Jayapalan (1999). Modern Governments. Atlantic Publishers and Distributors. ISBN 978-81-7156-837-6. (A comparison of modern constitutions)
Beatty, David M (1994). Human rights and judicial review. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7923-2968-8. (A comparison of national judicial review doctrines)
Wolfe, Christopher (1994). The American doctrine of judicial supremacy. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8226-3026-5. (This book traces the doctrine's history in an international/comparative fashion)
Vanberg, Georg (2005). "Constitutional Review in Comparative Perspective". The politics of constitutional review in Germany. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83647-0. (The effects of politics in law in Germany)
Galera, S. (ed.), Judicial Review. A Comparative Analysis inside the European Legal System, Council of Europe, 2010, ISBN 978-92-871-6723-1, [1]
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Jason Gilkison
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Jason Gilkison is an Australian professional ballroom dance champion and choreographer.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Dance career
3 Stage
4 TV and film
4.1 As choreographer
4.1.1 So You Think You Can Dance
4.1.2 So You Think You Can Dance Australia
4.2 As judge
5 References
6 External links
Early life[edit]
Gilkison was born in Perth, Australia.[1] At age 4, he began dancing at the Perth ballroom dance studio, founded by his grandparents Sam and Ronnie Gilkison, the first of its kind in Australia.[2][3] Gilkison has lived in Sydney, London, England and Los Angeles, United States.
Dance career[edit]
At the age of 7 Gilkison was first paired with Peta Roby.[2] Gilkison formed a professional partnership with Peta Roby in 1980 and were undefeated Australian Latin champions from 1981 to 1997.[2][4] At age 23, Gilkison and Roby were the ranked pair in Ten-Dance Competition.[3]
In 1990, Gilkison and Roby received the "Young Australian of the Year" Award. In 1991, they became the residing teachers at one of London's most prestigious ballroom schools, where they remained for seven years, training many of the world's leading dancers.[4]
Stage[edit]
Gilkison has served as choreographer and director for the ballroom dance stage show Burn the Floor[2] Gilkison's longtime dance partner Roby served as associate producer of the show.[3] Burn the Floor began touring in 1999 and reached Broadway, Manhattan in 2009.[3]
In 2012, Gilkison choreographed Dancing with the Stars: Live in Las Vegas, a live stage show at the Tropicana in Las Vegas featuring celebrities and dancers from ABC's Dancing with the Stars.[5] The production opened in April 2012 and ran for twelve weeks.[5]
TV and film[edit]
In 2008, Gilkison became a contributing choreographer for Australian version of the American reality dance-off series So You Think You Can Dance. Months later he joined the US version.
As of 2014, Gilkison worked as the director of choreography on BBC One's Strictly Come Dancing.[1]
As choreographer[edit]
So You Think You Can Dance[edit]
Season
Week
Dancers
Dance style
Music
4 8 Courtney Galiano
Mark Kanemura Viennese Waltz "The Time of My Life"—David Cook
Katee Shean
Joshua Allen Paso Doble "Filet" from Le Rêve
9 Courtney Galiano
Joshua Allen Jive "The Dirty Boogie"—The Brian Setzer Orchestra
6 0 Karen Hauer
Ashleigh Di Lello
Ryan Di Lello Samba "Everything I Can't Have"—Robin Thicke
1 Channing Cooke
Phillip Attmore Jive "Rockin' Robin"—The Jackson 5
Brandon Dumlao
Pauline Mata Smooth Waltz "You Light Up My Life"—Whitney Houston
7 Kathryn McCormick
Ryan Di Lello Cha-Cha "Put Your Hands on Me"—Joss Stone
Mollee Gray
Jakob Karr Viennese Waltz "Ordinary Day"—Vanessa Carlton
8 Kathryn McCormick
Ryan Di Lello Samba "Magalenha"—Sérgio Mendes
Ellenore Scott
Russell Ferguson Paso Doble "Village Attack" from Blood Diamond
7 0 Anya Garnis
Pasha Kovalev
Cristina Santana Samba "Work" (Freemason remix)—Kelly Rowland
8 0 Iveta Lukosiute
Pasha Kovalev Ballroom Medley "Ven a Bailar (On the Floor)"—Jennifer Lopez feat. Pitbull
1 Miranda Maleski
Robert Taylor, Jr. Jive "Runaway Baby"—Bruno Mars
Iveta Lukosiute
Nick Young Quickstep "The Ballroom Blitz"—Sweet
6 Chelsie Hightower
Marko Germar Samba "Cinema Italiano (The Ron Fair Remix)"—Kate Hudson
Melanie Moore
Pasha Kovalev Viennese Waltz "Everybody Hurts"—Tina Arena
9 0 Lindsay Arnold
Nick Bloxsom-Carter
Witney Carson Ballroom Medley "Dance Again"—Jennifer Lopez feat. Pitbull
1 Amber Jackson
Nick Bloxsom-Carter Viennese Waltz "Nights in White Satin"—Tina Arena
Lindsay Arnold
Cole Horibe Paso Doble "Unstoppable"—E.S. Posthumus
So You Think You Can Dance Australia[edit]
Season
Week
Dancers
Dance style
Music
1 1 Jemma Armstrong
Rhys Bobridge Waltz "A New Day Has Come" from Celine Dion
Stephanie Golman
Marko Panzic Jive "Untouched"—The Veronicas
2 Kate Wormald
Hilton Denis Foxtrot "2 Hearts"—Kylie Minogue
3 Jemma Armstrong
Rhys Bobridge Paso Doble "O Verona" from the film Romeo + Juliet
Top 16 Ballroom "Sing, Sing, Sing (With a Swing)"—Louis Prima
4 Henry Byalikov
Vanessa Sew Hoy African Samba "Lo-Lo Dzama"—Sum Svisti
8 Kate Wormald
Rhys Bobridge Rumba "Message to My Girl"—Split Enz
9 Demi Sorono
Jack Chambers Cha-cha-cha "Mercy"—Duffy
2 1 Talia Fowler
Emmanuel Rodriguez Cha-Cha "Hound Dog"-Smoky Joe's Cafe
2 Top 18 Rock and Roll/Latin Ballroom "Objection (Tango)"-Shakira
3 Amy Campbell
Damien Samuel Rumba "Stepping Stone"-Duffy
4 Penny Higgs
Charlie Bartley Viennese Waltz "I Have Nothing"-Whitney Houston
6 Talia Fowler
Charlie Bartley Quickstep "Valerie"-Mark Ronson feat. Amy Winehouse
Penny Higgs
Ben Veitch Foxtrot "Rock with You (Frankie Knuckles Remix)"-Michael Jackson
7 Top 8 Foxtrot "Ain't That A Kick in the Head"-Robbie Williams
8 Kat Risteska
Charlie Bartley Tango "Gotta Get Thru This (Acoustic)"-Daniel Bedingfield
Amy Campbell
Ben Veitch Paso Doble "Overture"-Australian Cast of Jesus Christ Superstar
9 Ash-Leigh Hunter
Damien Samuel Foxtrot "Hurt"-Christina Aguilera
3 0 Jessica Prince
Kieran McMahon
Matt Geronimi
Will Centurion Viennese Waltz "Never Tear Us Apart"—INXS
4 Robbie Kmetoni
Ivy Heeney Paso Doble "Sweet Disposition"—The Temper Trap
7 Nick Geurts
Jessie Hesketh Cha-cha-cha "Istanbul 1:26 am"—Orient Expressions
As judge[edit]
In 2014, Jason Gilkison joined the judging panel on the 4th season of So You Think You Can Dance Australia alongside Aaron Cash, Shannon Holtzapffel and Paula Abdul.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Symonds, Kristy (15 March 2014). "Feet back on home ground for Burn the Floor's Jason Gilkison". Perth Now. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH... JASON GILKISON". Show Biz Friends. 13 April 2011. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Lee, Felicia r. (28 July 2008). "Sassy Steps, From Salsa to Swing and Australia to Broadway". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Burnthefloor.com
^ Jump up to: a b Garza, Xazmin (12 April 2012). "Kyle Massey, fellow 'Dancing with the Stars' alums unite for Tropicana show". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
External links[edit]
"Jason Gilkison". Official website.
Jason Gilkison on IMDb
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Green Room (White House)
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The Green Room looking northeast during the administration of Bill Clinton. On top of the mantelpiece a French Empire mantel clock depicting Hannibal.
White House State Floor showing the location of the Green Room.
McKim, Mead, and White renovation of the Green Room in 1904 during the administration of Theodore Roosevelt.
The Green Room in 1964, looking northeast, showing decor adopted during the administration of John F. Kennedy, and with a chandelier substitution made at the request of new first lady Lady Bird Johnson.
The Green Room is one of three state parlors on the first floor of the White House, the home of the President of the United States. It is used for small receptions and teas. During a state dinner, guests are served cocktails in the three state parlors before the president, first lady, and a visiting head of state descend the Grand Staircase for dinner. The room is traditionally decorated in shades of green.
The room is approximately 28 by 22.5 feet (8.5 by 6.9 m). It has six doors, which open into the Cross Hall, East Room, South Portico, and Blue Room.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Early decor
2 1902 Roosevelt renovation
2.1 Coolidge refurbishment
2.2 Kennedy refurbishment
2.3 Nixon refurbishment
2.4 Laura Bush refurbishment
3 Usage
4 References
5 Bibliography
6 Further reading
7 External links
History[edit]
Early decor[edit]
Descriptions of the Green Room's furnishings before the 1814 fire are limited.[citation needed] Following the 1816 rebuilding, inventories suggest the room initially contained French Empire items bought by President James Madison.[citation needed] Throughout most of the 19th century, the room was decorated in a series of revival styles.[citation needed]
1902 Roosevelt renovation[edit]
In 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt selected the architectural firm of McKim, Mead & White to make extensive structural changes to the White House and redecorate most of its rooms.[1] For the Green Room, the firm decided to mimic an 1820s-style parlor or drawing room in the French Empire style. An 1817 fireplace mantel was removed from the State Dining Room and used in the Green Room,[2] displacing its original mantel.[citation needed] The door moldings, which dated from the James Monroe administration, were retained.[2]
Coolidge refurbishment[edit]
In 1924, First Lady Grace Coolidge undertook a refurbishment of the White House. Coolidge appointed a group of wealthy patrons of the arts, many of whom were knowledgeable in Colonial and Early American furniture and art, to locate historic furnishings and raise money for the renovation. A split emerged in the committee between those who wished to implement a Colonial Revival style room and those who wished to preserve the 1902 Beaux-Arts decor. The dispute became public, and President Calvin Coolidge ordered the renovation stopped. Work resumed with a different committee in 1926, and the room redecorated in Colonial Revival and Federal furniture.[3]
Coolidge replaced the heavily patterned floral wall covering with a simple green silk velvet.[citation needed] The Renaissance Revival-style mantel (likely installed in 1852) was replaced by a French Empire mantel purchased by President Monroe in 1819.[citation needed] Although the some period antiques were found and placed in the room, most of the furniture were reproductions.[4] A suite of reproduction French Directoire upholstered chairs and white-painted caned reproduction English Regency furniture replaced a suite of overstuffed Turkish style sofas and chairs.[citation needed]
Over the next 37 years, subsequent presidents mostly maintained the Green Room as Coolidge left it, with only minor alterations.[4] One significant change was made after the White House was gutted and renovated under President Harry S. Truman in 1952. When the Green Room was decorated after the renovation, the walls were covered in a green silk damask in the style of Robert Adam (manufactured by American fabrics firm Scalamandré). The window treatments and drapes used the same fabric, with the window treatments covering the window moldings.[5]
Kennedy refurbishment[edit]
In 1961, First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy began a major refurbishment of the White House that included the Green Room. Her renovation was technically overseen by an advisory Committee on Fine Arts made up of museum professionals as well as wealthy individuals interested in antiques.[6] American antiques autodidact Henry Francis du Pont (an expert in Federal furniture) led this committee.[7] Mrs. Kennedy also brought in French interior designer Stéphane Boudin (an advocate of French interior design) and his company, Maison Jansen, to oversee the refurbishment.[8] Although du Pont and Boudin often competed with one another for control of redecoration of a space in the White House, the Green Room represents an area where they cooperated more closely.[2] This was because the Green Room had a long history as a Federal-style room, an area in which du Pont and his committee were experts.[4] The Green Room was the first room in the White House to be redesigned almost completely with the input of the committee.[2][a]
Du Pont and Boudin did disagree over the wall covering. Du Pont proposed a green-on-green stripe, while Boudin desired a more subdued, moss-colored silk with a moiré pattern. Jacqueline Kennedy chose Boudin's fabric in spring 1962.[9] After the Scalamandré fabric company proved unable to reproduce the moiré silk with the quality desired by Kennedy, the French firm of Tassinari et Châtel was chosen to manufacture the fabric.[10][b]
The window treatments were another area of disagreement between du Pont and Boudin. Du Pont wanted the window treatments inside the window frame, to expose the moldings. Boudin felt this made the room appear too tall. After the two discussed the issue in early 1961, du Pont's view won out.[5] But in late 1962, Boudin removed these window treatments and implemented one he had used many times before in many different homes: Straight panels to hide the side moldings, with a Baroque Revival flat panel to cover the top molding and rods. The fabric used was the same Boudin had selected for the wall covering, but trimmed with a French-made decorative silver tape.[11][c]
Several significant pieces of antique furniture were acquired and placed in the room by du Pont. Among these were card tables, "Martha Washington" chairs,[d] a secretary (by Baltimore furniture maker Joseph Burgess), side chairs, a sofa (formerly owned by Daniel Webster), settees (from Massachusetts), urn stands, and work tables.[13][e] Many items of furniture were reupholstered in white. Du Pont chose a white cotton with delicate embroidered vines in green and gold for the Massachusetts settees, and an ivory silk with multicolored flowers for the Webster sofa. The various chairs were covered in either a white damask with a medallion pattern, a green-on-white silk brocade (inspired by Robert Adam), or a buff, green, or gold silk of contemporary design and weave.[15] With the new window and wall upholstery in place by early 1963, Boudin suggested upholstering all the furniture in the room in green. But for reasons which are unclear, he only changed one item, a Louis XVI-style armchair acquired in 1963. It was covered in a leather the same shade of green as the walls.[16]
Artwork in the room was generally selected by Boudin, primarily because the frames used reflected the Federal style of the Green Room. These paintings included John Frederick Kensett's 1853 Niagara Falls, Théobald Chartran's 1902 portrait of Edith Roosevelt, and Alvin Fisher's 1849 Indian Guides. Smaller still lifes were used to frame the larger pictures.[17]
A late 18th-century English Axminster carpet in a Neoclassical pattern was donated by an anonymous individual and placed on the floor. This carpet incorporated as its central motif an architectural medallion surrounded by rosettes. The borders featured anthemion in shades of taupe, sage, and pink.[citation needed]
The Green Room became President John F. Kennedy's favorite.[2] After Kennedy's assassination, the Kennedy family donated Claude Monet's 1897 Morning on the Seine, Good Weather, to the White House. It was hung in the Green Room. When Aaron Shikler finished President Kennedy's official portrait in 1970, it, too, was hung in the Green Room.[18]
Nixon refurbishment[edit]
First Lady Pat Nixon unveils her changes to the White House Green Room, 1971
Many changes occurred during the Nixon administration under the direction of First Lady Pat Nixon. Clement Conger, the new White House curator appointed during the Nixon administration, had completed substantial Chippendale and Neoclassical interiors at the United States Department of State. In the Green Room, as well as in the Blue and Red rooms, Conger addressed correcting the generic traditional plaster moldings put in place during the Truman reconstruction, installing historically accurate crown moldings and ceiling medallions. Conger commissioned Edward Vason Jones and David Byers to design new drapes of striped cream, green, and coral silk satin. Conger and Jones cited illustrations shown in an early 19th-century pattern book belonging to the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities (now called Historic New England). Coral and gilt ornamental cornices were constructed and installed above the windows. They were topped by hand-carved, gilded American eagles with outspread wings, a favorite decorative motif of the Federal period. The cornices are similar to those in the library of the Miles Brewton House in Charleston, South Carolina, and the South Drawing Room of the Sir John Soane House in London in the United Kingdom. Scalamandré produced a copy of the Kennedy-era moss green silk to be rehung on the walls.
Conger also added several major pieces by Scottish-born New York cabinetmaker Duncan Phyfe. They include a pair of work tables, side chairs with scroll arms, two card tables, and a pair of window benches. These replaced the more delicate Federal-era furniture approved by du Pont and Mrs. Kennedy. On the west wall above a Duncan Phyfe sofa, Conger hung a pair of gilded girandole "bullseye" wall sconces.
Laura Bush refurbishment[edit]
The Green Room was refurbished during the summer of 2007 by First Lady Laura Bush with advisement from the Committee for the Preservation of the White House, Bush family interior designer Ken Blasingame, and White House curator William Allman. The refurbishment retained most of the Nixon-era Conger and Jones design. Walls were again hung in silk, but this time in a more vertical and largely scaled moiré pattern and a darker shade. The coral color in the upholstered chairs and in the striped drapery fabric was intensified to a more vibrant shade bordering on vermilion. The drapery recreates Edward Vason Jones' 1971 design but with the more intense vermilion in the silk and the painted cornice. The drapery design was simplified by removing four large tassels but retained the large bobble-fringe of the Nixon-era design. The green Turkish Kilim carpet installed in the Nixon administration was replaced by a new rug woven in the Savonnerie style of France. It is somewhat similar in design to an antique Savonnerie acquired for the Red Room by Stéphane Boudin. As a part of the refurbishment the painting The Builders by Jacob Lawrence was acquired by the White House Acquisition Trust.[19] The Builders and Sand Dunes at Sunset, Atlantic City by Henry Ossawa Tanner were at that time the only two paintings by African-American artists in the White House permanent collection.[20]
Usage[edit]
The room was intended by architect James Hoban to be the "Common Dining Room." Thomas Jefferson used it as a dining room and covered the floor with a green-colored canvas for protection. It was in the Green Room that William Wallace Lincoln, the third son of President Abraham Lincoln, was embalmed following his death (most likely from typhoid). Grace Coolidge displayed what some considered risqué Art Deco sculpture in the room and used the room for small parties with friends. Eleanor Roosevelt entertained Amelia Earhart in the Green Room.
References[edit]
Notes
Jump up ^ Historians James Abbott and Elaine Rice note that du Pont and Boudin worked in almost total isolation. It was common for Boudin to revise du Pont's alterations without telling anyone except for Jacqueline Kennedy.[9]
Jump up ^ The Kennedy administration was very sensitive to the political uproar which would have occurred had the public known that a French interior decorator and the French firms he was associated with were refurbishing the White House. Tassinari et Châtel's role as the manufacturer of the silk was hidden, and many historians continued for several decades to mistakenly assume that Scalamandré produced it.[11]
Jump up ^ Boudin had used the same window treatment a few years before in the Green Room at Leeds Castle in Kent, England. He would replicate the Baroque Revival panel for use on a bench in the White House's Queens' Bedroom.[11]
Jump up ^ The chair was a high-backed, upholstered Sheraton style chair first manufactured in 1790 and named for the former First Lady as a marketing technique.[12]
Jump up ^ Du Pont wanted a much more delicate lady's writing desk used in the room, but Boudin insisted on the Burgess secretary. It was later discovered that the lady's desk was a late-1800s reproduction and unsuitable for the White House.[14]
Citations
Jump up ^ Abbott & Rice 1998, p. 16.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Abbott & Rice 1998, p. 89.
Jump up ^ Abbott & Rice 1998, pp. 16, 90.
^ Jump up to: a b c Abbott & Rice 1998, p. 90.
^ Jump up to: a b Abbott & Rice 1998, p. 93.
Jump up ^ Abbott & Rice 1998, pp. 21-24.
Jump up ^ Abbott & Rice 1998, p. 22.
Jump up ^ Abbott & Rice 1998, pp. 5-6.
^ Jump up to: a b Abbott & Rice 1998, p. 95.
Jump up ^ Abbott & Rice 1998, pp. 95-96.
^ Jump up to: a b c Abbott & Rice 1998, p. 96.
Jump up ^ Dreppard 1948, pp. 142-143.
Jump up ^ Abbott & Rice 1998, pp. 91-92.
Jump up ^ Abbott & Rice 1998, pp. 91-93.
Jump up ^ Abbott & Rice 1998, p. 94.
Jump up ^ Abbott & Rice 1998, pp. 97-98.
Jump up ^ Abbott & Rice 1998, pp. 98-99.
Jump up ^ Abbott & Rice 1998, p. 99.
Jump up ^ Trescott, Jacqueline (September 20, 2007). "Green Room Makeover Incorporates A Colorful Past". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ White House Acquires Tanner painting http://clinton2.nara.gov/WH/EOP/First_Lady/html/102296.html
Bibliography[edit]
Abbott, James A.; Rice, Elaine M. (1998). Designing Camelot: The Kennedy White House Restoration. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. ISBN 0442025327.
Dreppard, Carl William (1948). Handbook of Antique Chairs. New York: Doubleday & Company.
Further reading[edit]
Abbott, James A. A Frenchman in Camelot: The Decoration of the Kennedy White House by Stéphane Boudin. Boscobel Restoration Inc.: 1995. ISBN 0-9646659-0-5.
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. An Invitation to the White House: At Home with History. Simon & Schuster: 2000. ISBN 0-684-85799-5.
Monkman, Betty C. The White House: The Historic Furnishing & First Families. Abbeville Press: 2000. ISBN 0-7892-0624-2.
Seale, William. The President's House. White House Historical Association and the National Geographic Society: 1986. ISBN 0-912308-28-1.
Seale, William, The White House: The History of an American Idea. White House Historical Association: 1992, 2001. ISBN 0-912308-85-0.
West, J.B. with Mary Lynn Kotz. Upstairs at the White House: My Life with the First Ladies. Coward, McCann & Geoghegan: 1973. SBN 698-10546-X.
The White House: An Historic Guide. White House Historical Association and the National Geographic Society: 2001. ISBN 0-912308-79-6.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Green Room.
White House Web site
White House Museum's Green Room page, with many historical pictures
Death Of Willie Lincoln
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Turkish carpet

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value: Executive Office of the President of the United States

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White House Situation Room

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H Street (Washington, D.C.)

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value: اتاق سبز (کاخ سفید) – Persian

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