text:
Dara
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For other uses, and for people named Dara, see Dara (disambiguation)
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Dara
Dara is a name with more than one origin.
Dara is a gotra (clan) of certain Jats and Punjabis found in India.[citation needed] Members of the Dara gotra are found mainly in Rajasthan (majority), Delhi and Haryana in India. Dara mostly belong to the Khatri caste.
Contents
[hide]
1 Religion
2 Languages/Meanings
3 See also
4 References
Religion[edit]
It is found in the Bible's Old Testament Books of Chronicles. Dara was a descendant of Judah (son of Jacob). (The Bible. 1 Chronicles 2:6).
Languages/Meanings[edit]
In old Slavic-Serbian, Dara (Dar) means Gift, or to give a gift.
In the Sudan, it is also known as Gbaya-Dara, a Central Sudan language of South Sudan. It is one of the Kresh Languages. Though it is commonly called Gbaya, it is not one of the Abaya languages, which are in the Ubangian family.
In Urdu, Dara is Darius.
In Kannada, Dara (dAra) means thread.
In Khmer, Thai and Lao, Dara is a masculine or feminine name meaning "star".
In Hebrew Dara means compassion or pearl of wisdom.
In Punjabi, Dara means "leader".
In Persian Dara (Persian: دارا) is a masculine name. It is also the name of a male doll, and Dara and Sara are sold as "Iran's alternative to Ken and Barbie".[1] It is the descendant of the Old Persian name Darayaush (Darius)
In the Swahili version Dara means "the beautiful one".
In Irish Dara means "oak". Dara is also frequently used in Ireland (and the United States), as either a masculine or a feminine given name, and it also occurs as a surname. The spelling varies, with variations including Daire and Darragh. The Irish form is probably derived from doire, the Irish word for "oak tree", though as a surname it may be a version of the Irish name Mac Dubhdara. In Irish and Scottish Gaelic, dara means "second". It is also used in Scotland as an abbreviation for "Dragon Killer."[citation needed]
In Persian Darius (Persian: داریوش) is a masculine name. It stems from the ancient Persian "daar", meaning tree. Darius the Great is the most famous ruler with this name.
In Indonesian, Dara means "girl", "young woman", or "virgin".
In Javanese, Dara (in which the letters A are pronounced /ɔ/ by the majority of the speakers, slightly like the pronunciation of the letter å in Danish and Norwegian) means "dove" or "pigeon".
Dara is a feminine name in Bulgaria and Macedonia. Its meaning directly derives from "dar", which means "gift" both in Bulgarian and Macedonian. This name stems from the more common male name Bojidar (or Bozhidar), and its female version Bojidara (or Bozhidara), both meaning "Gift of God".
Dara is also a short form of Oluwadarasimi or Oluwadara, which in Yoruba means "God is good". The name is given to both boys and girls.[citation needed]
In the United States Dara can be a masculine or a feminine given name and means "Wisdom".[2]
In Meranau Dara is a Blood.[citation needed]
In ancient Sumerian language, Babylonian-Akkadian Cuneiform Tablet writing Dara means "blood" [3]
In Gujarati Dara means "every one" [4]
In Sikh, Dara is a masculine name that means "Lord", "[5]God"
Dara is a Muslim name given to baby boys and its meaning is "Possessor" or "sovereign" and "Halo"(of the moon)[6]
The word "Odara" derives from the Brazilian indigenous Ioruba word dara, meaning "gorgeous."
In African-American culture, the name Dara means - Of Bermudian origin, meaning "beautiful".[7]
In Parsi, Dara means "Bell" or "Pendant"[8]
Dara, Mesopotamia was a Byzantine fortress town in modern Mardin Province, Turkey.
Dara is a variant spelling of Daraa, Syria.
Ain Dara, Lebanon is known for the Battle of Ain Darra.
Sumerian God Enki was also known as "Dara-Mah" [9]
See also[edit]
List of Irish-language given names
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Charlotte Bailey (24 September 2008). "Muslim 'Barbie and Ken' dolls created by Iranian government". Telegraph.co.uk.
Jump up ^ "Dara".
Jump up ^ Secrets of the Sumerian Language 2012
Jump up ^ "dara - Meaning in Gujarati - dara in Gujarati - Shabdkosh - શબ્દકોશ : English Gujarati Dictionary and Translation".
Jump up ^ "Meaning of Sikh Boy Name Dara".
Jump up ^ "Islamic Name Dara Meanings in Urdu - Muslim Boy Names".
Jump up ^ "Names - Meaning of Dara".
Jump up ^ "The Complete Book of Muslim and Parsi Names".
Jump up ^ "Celtic Tree Magic".
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dara&oldid=833999397"
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Super Bowl LII halftime show
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Super Bowl LII halftime show
Date
February 4, 2018
Location
Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.
Venue
U.S. Bank Stadium
Headliner
Justin Timberlake
Special guests
The Tennessee Kids, University of Minnesota Marching Band
Sponsor
Pepsi
Director
Hamish Hamilton
Producer
Ricky Kirshner
Super Bowl halftime show chronology
LI
(2017) LII
(2018) LIII
(2019)
The Super Bowl LII Halftime Show (officially known as the Pepsi Super Bowl LII Halftime Show) took place on February 4, 2018 at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota, as part of Super Bowl LII. Justin Timberlake was the featured performer, as confirmed by the National Football League (NFL) on October 22, 2017.[1] It was televised nationally by NBC.
Contents
[hide]
1 Synopsis
2 Background
3 Development
4 Critical response
5 Commercial reception
6 Setlist
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Synopsis[edit]
Timberlake with dancers during the halftime performance
Timberlake during halftime show
Timberlake performing "Suit & Tie" with the University of Minnesota Marching Band
The show began with Jimmy Fallon introducing Justin Timberlake, followed by a video screen depicting Timberlake performing "Filthy" in a club setting below the field level of the stadium. He then walked up a staircase and appeared on a ramp stage extending outward into the field, descending into a series of stages surrounded by a crowd. Timberlake proceeded to move through the crowd performing "Rock Your Body" with a troupe of female backup dancers, abruptly stopping short of the end of the song and shifting to "Señorita" on a small stage with his backing dancers. Upon reaching the main stage, he performed a number of songs, including "SexyBack", "My Love", and "Cry Me a River", which featured a dance break mid-field. Upon reaching the next stage, Timberlake performed his hit song "Suit & Tie" as the University of Minnesota Marching Band, wearing black tuxedos, played backup instrumentals and marched out to meet him.[2]
The Stadium and the city of Minneapolis were shown to be lit purple during Timberlake's tribute to Prince
Dancers fill the field during Timberlake's performance of "Can't Stop the Feeling!"
Timberlake proceeded to walk up to a white grand piano while performing "Until the End of Time", then segued into "I Would Die 4 U" as a tribute to Minneapolis-native Prince. A video of Prince performing the song played in the background, projected onto on a large multi-story sheet. An aerial shot showed downtown Minneapolis covered in purple lighting that morphed into Prince's trademark Love Symbol, with the stadium at the center. He then returned to the main stage to perform "Mirrors", as hundreds of dancers and members of the marching band performed choreography with large mirrors, creating bright reflections in the broadcast and across the roof of the stadium. Timberlake closed the show with "Can't Stop the Feeling!", entering the stands at the conclusion of the song.[3][4]
For the first time since the Super Bowl XLVI halftime show in Indianapolis in 2012, no pyrotechnics were used throughout the performance. The show relied mostly on lasers and video screens for visual effects.[5]
Background[edit]
Field being set up for Timberlake's performance
In July 2017, multiple media outlets reported that Britney Spears was in talks to perform at Halftime, but Pepsi quickly denied it a few days later. During August and September 2017, several publications informed that Timberlake was the frontrunner to performer at the Super Bowl LII halftime, first along with his frequent-collaborator Jay-Z as co-headliner, and then as the solo performer.[6] A spokesperson from the NFL stated at the time, "along with Pepsi, we know that we will put on a spectacular show. When it is time to announce her name we will do it. Or his name. Or their names."[7] The NFL confirmed the announcement on October 22 with a video starring Timberlake and Jimmy Fallon.[8]
This was Timberlake's third appearance in a Super Bowl halftime show. As a member of NSYNC, Timberlake appeared in the Super Bowl XXXV (2001) halftime show, and as a guest artist in the Super Bowl XXXVIII (2004), which performance featured a controversial incident where Timberlake accidentally exposed one of Janet Jackson's breasts on national television, described as a wardrobe malfunction. The Parents Television Council penned an open letter to Timberlake asking to keep the performance "family-friendly." While the organization acknowledged that Timberlake apologized for the 2004 incident, they asked him to stay true to his word, saying "we are heartened by your response that the events of 2004 are not going to happen in 2018," as the singer stated in a prior interview that "we are not going to do that again."[9]
In an interview with Billboard, Pepsi executives expressed:
We are all big fans of Justin Timberlake. We’ve kind of felt that Justin deserves, and has for a number of years, to be the main artist for the halftime show because previously he wasn’t the main artist. It was just about the timing. To be honest, we have discussed Justin for the last number of years for coming and doing halftime, and this year just felt really right to us. He is hands down one of the greatest entertainers currently alive, it was a no-brainer. We know he’s gonna bring it.[10]
The Halftime Show included a remembrance for Indianapolis Colts linebacker Edwin Jackson, who died just hours before Super Bowl LII after being struck by a vehicle.
Development[edit]
The U.S. Bank Stadium, where Super Bowl and the halftime show was held.
During the performance, Timberlake wore an outfit designed by Stella McCartney, which consists of "alter nappa fringed jacket with a shirt, featuring a landscape artwork by British artist Martin Ridley," according to a press release. Also part of the look is a Prince of Wales-check and camouflage splatter-print suit and matching jacket. As usual for McCartney, these pieces were made from animal-free leather and organic cotton.[11][12]
Timberlake stated in a press conference that there would be no guest musicians in the halftime show and that the event would focus solely on himself and his backing band, the Tennessee Kids.[13] Regarding the Prince tribute, the performance's creative visual lead, Fireplay's Nick Whitehouse, told Rolling Stone:
Paying tribute to Prince was something JT highlighted as an important moment for this show, and we spent quite a bit of time ensuring this moment would be true to his legacy. Ultimately, Justin decided that the only person who could do Prince justice is Prince. The band held 50-hours worth of rehearsals in preparation for the show.[14]
Prince had previously stated he did not want to be included in new music after death in a 1998 interview, citing The Beatles' "Free as a Bird" as an example of a practice he considered to be "demonic." His family granted permission to use Prince's likeness on the condition that it not be used in a hologram, and they approved of the final result.[15][2] Sheila E, a former bandmate of Prince's who was involved in negotiations over the use of his likeness, stated that "a bigger company" (she declined to specify whether it was Pepsi or the NFL) had insisted on including the Prince apparition and that the notion was not originally Timberlake's idea.[16]
Despite the lack of an individual guest artist, the more than 300-member University of Minnesota Marching Band was featured in the show. The band's drumline, brass, and saxophone sections pre-recorded and performed with Timberlake during his performance of "Suit & Tie." The upper woodwind and auxiliary sections led drill formations and held large mirrors during Timberlake’s performance of his song "Mirrors", and acted as fans and dancers throughout other portions of the show, including the club scene at the show's opening. All members of the band were featured on the field in the show's finale, "Can't Stop the Feeling!". The band had previously performed in the halftime show of Super Bowl XXVI.[4]
Critical response[edit]
Timberlake’s performance received mixed reviews.[17] In a positive review, Bruce R. Miller of Sioux City Journal wrote "Timberlake is a masterful live performer – which made Sunday's Super Bowl performance about the only sure bet," he continued commenting the performer "did a lot of infectious dancing and managed to play with the crowd like no other." Although it did not have a moment that "stuck," he considered the Prince tribute the best moment of the show.[18] In a similarly positive review, Taylor Weatherby of Billboard said "there is no denying that Timberlake absolutely rocked his first headlining [halftime]", further adding "Timberlake's halftime show was undeniably mesmerizing. From starting in the concourse to making his way into the crowd (and making #SelfieKid an instant superstar) for the ending." She also considered it "is made for a TV experience" rather than for the public in the stadium, mainly for the sound quality difficulties, but also criticized him for including Rock Your Body in the set list.[19] From the same magazine, Nina Braca wrote "his moves were on point,"[17] and Andrew Ubterberger said two things were "relatively certain" about the performance. "most of America would love it, and most of the Internet would hate it," and added Timberlake was "in a situation that was both a can't-lose and a can't-win. It would've been virtually impossible for him to please the critics he'd alienated over the last couple years."[20] Also from Billboard, Andrew Unterberge wrote, "Timberlake's audio was somewhat lacking throughout...but the choreography, live-band energy and song selection were all pretty impeccable".[21]
Chris Willman of Variety stated that, "Timberlake turned in a more enjoyably physical performance than just about anybody else who's done the Bowl show… and if it was more a feat of athleticism than aestheticism, you can’t say that’s entirely inappropriate for the occasion."[22] Willman also wrote that the show, "wasn't one for the ages, but was impressive as a show of athleticism"[22]
Jon Caramanica of The New York Times wrote that Timberlake's performance was, "heavy on dance spectacle, light on vocal authority".[23] Daniel Fienberg of The Hollywood Reporter called the show, "energetic, but also entirely lacking in live excitement." Feinberg criticized the show for largely lacking spontaneity and live vocals. Feinberg wrote that Timberlake delivered, "one of the most over-planned, least surprising performances imaginable."[24] Darren Franich of Entertainment Weekly graded Timberlake's performance a "C", calling it, "dutiful, and empty". Franich faulted Timberlake for playing too safe with his performance.[25] Similarly, Fran Guan of Vulture.com wrote, "Technically speaking, Timberlake’s set was a testament to precision". Guan, however, criticized Timberlake's performance from lacking in personality, and regarded his performance as unmemorable.[26]
The Guardian gave Timberlake 3 out of 5 stars, calling his performance forgettable but flashy.[27] In an interview with NPR, Ann Powers said that "the entire performance was shrouded in the sense of Timberlake not being right for this moment — and the Janet Jackson controversy haunted it."[28] Daniel D’Addarrio of Time.com gave the performance a negative review, criticizing Timberlake for singing Cry Me A River in addition to Rock Your Body, calling the song’s lyrics about an evil promiscuous woman out of step with the national mood, and said that the only message from Timberlake’s performance was that he loves his back catalog[29] Deadline felt "but you could see the motions more than you felt the music."[30] Chris Richards of The Washington Post regarded Timberlake’s performance as, “unambiguously underwhelming”.[31]
USA Today and Vulture compared Timberlake's performance unfavorably to Prince's own 2007 halftime show.[32][26] Amanda Petrusich of The New Yorker wrote that Timberlake’s decision to omit the end of "Rock Your Body" (which was performed during the controversial 2004 halftime) felt, “less like an apology than yet more spineless deflection”.[33] However, Andrew Unterberge of Billboard considered Timberlake's decision to cut the song short to be wise.[21] Timberlake's Stella McCartney-designed outfit received negative reviews, with some critics regarding it as "tacky".[17][24][19][21] The LA Times also gave a very critical review, one which also stated that Timberlake had nothing to say in his performance, and said that it lacked soul and meaning.[34] The Digital Journal gave him 2/5 stars and called it lackluster.[35]
Commercial reception[edit]
The Super Bowl LII halftime show was seen by 106.6 million television viewers in the United States, 9% less than Lady Gaga's in 2017. It had higher average viewership than the game itself, and the decline for the halftime show was roughly in line with that of the game as a whole, which had lost 7% compared to the previous year.[36]
According to initial sales reports from Nielsen Music, sales of the songs Timberlake performed during the halftime show gained 534% in the United States on February 4, the day of the Super Bowl, compared to Feb. 3, while his streams on Spotify gained 214%.[37][38] Janet Jackson likewise gained 150% on Spotify.[39]
Setlist[edit]
Timberlake performing alongside a video projection of Prince
"Filthy"
"Rock Your Body"
"Señorita"
"SexyBack" (with elements of "Supplies")
"My Love"
"Cry Me a River" (with elements of "Kashmir")
"Suit & Tie" (with elements of "Pusher Love Girl") (featuring the University of Minnesota Marching Band)
"Until the End of Time"
"I Would Die 4 U" (along with a pre-recorded video of Prince, displayed on a projection screen)
"Mirrors"
"Can't Stop the Feeling!"
See also[edit]
2018 in American television
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Schad, Tom (October 22, 2017). "Justin Timberlake Headline Super Bowl LII Halftime Show". USA Today. Retrieved October 22, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "No hologram, but still a Prince tribute in Justin Timberlake's halftime show". Star Tribune. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ NFL (February 4, 2018), Justin Timberlake’s FULL Pepsi Super Bowl LII Halftime Show! | NFL Highlights, retrieved February 5, 2018
^ Jump up to: a b "U of M Marching Band steals the halftime show". KARE. Retrieved 2018-02-06.
Jump up ^ "Justin Timberlake and everything but the football – Super Bowl half-time show as it happened". Guardian. 5 February 2018. Retrieved 6 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Super Bowl halftime show: Here's who Justin Timberlake's guest performers might be". CBS Sports. February 4, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
Jump up ^ Boren, Cindy (September 27, 2017). "Justin Timberlake reportedly 'finalizing' deal to headline Super Bowl LII halftime show". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Justin Timberlake Headlines Pepsi Super Bowl LII Halfitme Show". National Football League. October 22, 2017. Retrieved October 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Aniftos, Rania (January 30, 2018). "The Parents Television Council Pens Open Letter to Justin Timberlake Asking to Keep Super Bowl Performance Appropriate'". Billboard. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
Jump up ^ Weatherby, Taylor (February 3, 2018). "Justin Timberlake Set to Deliver 'Mesmerizing' Super Bowl Halftime Show: Pepsi Execs Reveal It's 'Justin at His Best'". Billboard. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ Sebra, Matt (February 2, 2018). "Justin Timberlake Finally Gets the Super Bowl Halftime Show Outfit He Deserves". GQ. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ Karmali, Sarah (February 2, 2018). "Justin Timberlake to wear Stella McCartney at the Super Bowl". Harper's Bazaar. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Super Bowl 2018 Justin Timberlake press conference highlights". People. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ Legaspi, Althea (February 5, 2018). "Super Bowl LII: Watch Justin Timberlake Honor Prince in Halftime Spectacle". Rolling Stone. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ Wilstein, Matt (February 5, 2018). "Prince's Family Approves of Justin Timberlake Super Bowl Halftime Tribute". The Daily Beast. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Sheila E. says Justin Timberlake wasn't behind Prince hologram idea". TMZ. February 10, 2018. Retrieved February 10, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Braca, Nina (February 5, 2018). "From 'Cry Me a River' to 'Can't Stop the Feeling!,' Justin Timberlake's 10 Best Live Performances: Critic's Picks". www.billboard.com. Billboard. Retrieved February 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ Miller, Bruce R. (February 4, 2018). "REVIEW: Justin Timberlake does a great Super Bowl job, even without NSYNC". Sioux City Journal. Retrieved February 6, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Weatherby, Taylor (February 4, 2018). "Justin Timberlake's Super Bowl Halftime Show: 5 Takeaways From Seeing It In Person". Billboard. Retrieved February 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ Unterberger, Andrew (February 5, 2018). "Justin Timberlake Plays the Hits, Largely Avoids Controversy With Sigh-of-Relief Super Bowl LII Halftime Performance". Billboard. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Unterberge, Andrew (February 4, 2018). "Justin Timberlake Plays the Hits, Largely Avoids Controversy With Sigh-of-Relief Super Bowl LII Halftime Performance". www.billboard.com. Billboard. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Willman, Chris (February 4, 2018). "Halftime Review: Justin Timberlake Emerges Fumble-Free After Bad Pre-Game PR". Variety. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
Jump up ^ Caramanica, Jon (February 4, 2018). "Justin Timberlake Plays It Safe, Seeking Super Bowl Redemption". www.nytimes.com. New York Times. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Feinberg, Daniel (February 4, 2018). "Critic's Notebook: Justin Timberlake's Super Bowl Halftime Performance Is Light on Singing, Spontaneity". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 8, 2018. More than one of |website= and |work= specified (help)
Jump up ^ Franich, Darren (February 4, 2018). "Justin Timberlake's Super Bowl halftime show was dutiful, and empty: EW review". www.ew.com. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Guan, Fran (February 5, 2018). "It Was His Halftime Show, But Justin Timberlake Was the Least Memorable Musician at the Super Bowl". www.vulture.com. New York Magazine. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ Nevins, Jake (February 5, 2018). "Justin Timberlake's Super Bowl performance: a forgettable but flashy medley of hits". the Guardian.
Jump up ^ "As The Pop World Seeks Accountability, Justin Timberlake Seems Lost In The Woods".
Jump up ^ "Justin Timberlake Was a Man in the Weeds at His Super Bowl Halftime Show". Time.
Jump up ^ Patten, Dominic (February 5, 2018). "Justin Timberlake's Botched Super Bowl Halftime Show Return Not Princely – Review".
Jump up ^ Richards, Chris (February 4, 2018). "This is how Justin Timberlake lost the Super Bowl". www.washingtonpost.com. Washington Post. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ McDermott, Maeve (February 5, 2018). "Compared with Prince's, Justin Timberlake's halftime show was a wimpy joke". www.usatoday. USA Today. Retrieved February 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ Petrusich, Amanda (February 4, 2018). "Justin Timberlake's Super Bowl Halftime Show, Reviewed". www.newyorker.com. The New Yorker. Retrieved February 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ Wood, Mikael. "Justin Timberlake had nothing to say at the Super Bowl and wouldn't stop saying it". latimes.com.
Jump up ^ "Review: Justin Timberlake lackluster at Super Bowl halftime performance (Includes first-hand account)". February 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ Patten, Dominic. "Eagles' 1st Super Bowl Win Draws 103.4M Viewers, Smallest Audience In Nine Years – Update". Deadline. Penske Business Media. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Caufield, Keith (February 5, 2018). "Justin Timberlake's Super Bowl Halftime Show Spurs 534% Sales Gain". Billboard. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ Krzaczek, Katie (February 5, 2018). "Super Bowl Bump: Justin Timberlake Streams Jump 214 Percent on Spotify". Billboard. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Janet Jackson's Spotify Streams Surge After Super Bowl LII". February 5, 2018.
External links[edit]
Media related to Super Bowl LII halftime show at Wikimedia Commons
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Justin Timberlake
Awards
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Document
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Document (disambiguation).
This article has an unclear citation style. The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of citation, footnoting, or external linking. (June 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Several common types of documents: a birth certificate, a legal document (a restraining order), and a bank statement
A document is a written, drawn, presented, or memorialized representation of thought. The word originates from the Latin documentum, which denotes a "teaching" or "lesson": the verb doceō denotes "to teach". In the past, the word was usually used to denote a written proof useful as evidence of a truth or fact. In the computer age, "document" usually denotes a primarily textual computer file, including its structure and format, e.g. fonts, colors, and images. Contemporarily, "document" is not defined by its transmission medium, e.g., paper, given the existence of electronic documents. "Documentation" is distinct because it has more denotations than "document". Documents are also distinguished from "realia", which are three-dimensional objects that would otherwise satisfy the definition of "document" because they memorialize or represent thought; documents are considered more as 2 dimensional representations.
Contents
[hide]
1 Abstract definitions
2 Kinds
3 Drafting
4 History
5 In law
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
Abstract definitions[edit]
The concept of "document" has been defined[by whom?] as "any concrete or symbolic indication, preserved or recorded, for reconstructing or for proving a phenomenon, whether physical or mental."[1]
An often cited article concludes that "the evolving notion of document" among Jonathan Priest, Otlet, Briet, Schürmeyer, and the other documentalists increasingly emphasized whatever functioned as a document rather than traditional physical forms of documents. The shift to digital technology would seem to make this distinction even more important. Levy's thoughtful analyses have shown that an emphasis on the technology of digital documents has impeded our understanding of digital documents as documents (e.g., Levy, 1994[2]). A conventional document, such as a mail message or a technical report, exists physically in digital technology as a string of bits, as does everything else in a digital environment. As an object of study, it has been made into a document. It has become physical evidence by those who study it.
"Document" is defined in library and information science and documentation science as a fundamental, abstract idea: the word denotes everything that may be represented or memorialized in order to serve as evidence. The classic example provided by Suzanne Briet is an antelope: "An antelope running wild on the plains of Africa should not be considered a document[;] she rules. But if it were to be captured, taken to a zoo and made an object of study, it has been made into a document. It has become physical evidence being used by those who study it. Indeed, scholarly articles written about the antelope are secondary documents, since the antelope itself is the primary document."[3] This opinion has been interpreted as an early expression of actor–network theory.
Kinds[edit]
Documents are sometimes classified as secret, private, or public. They may also be described as drafts or proofs. When a document is copied, the source is denominated the "original".
Standards are accepted for specific applications in various fields, e.g.:
Academia: manuscript, thesis, paper, and journal
Business: invoice, quote, RFP, proposal, contract, packing slip, manifest, report (detailed and summary), spread sheet, MSDS, waybill, bill of lading (BOL), financial statement, nondisclosure agreement (NDA), mutual nondisclosure agreement (MNDA), and user guide
Government, law, and politics: application, brief, certificate, commission, constitutional document, form, gazette, identity document, license, summons, and white paper
Media: mock-up and script
Such standard documents can be drafted based on a template.
Drafting[edit]
The page layout of a document is the manner in which information is graphically arranged in the space of the document, e.g., on a page. If the appearance of the document is of concern, page layout is generally the responsibility of a graphic designer. Typography concerns the design of letter and symbol forms and their physical arrangement in the document (see typesetting). Information design concerns the effective communication of information, especially in industrial documents and public signs. Simple textual documents may not require visual design and may be drafted only by an author, clerk, or transcriber. Forms may require a visual design for their initial fields, but not to complete the forms.
History[edit]
A birth certificate from 1859
Traditionally, the medium of a document was paper and the information was applied to it in ink, either by hand writing (to make a manuscript) or by mechanical process (e.g., a printing press or laser printer). Today, some short documents also may consist of sheets of paper stapled together.
Historically, documents were inscribed with ink on papyrus (starting in ancient Egypt) or parchment; scratched as runes or carved on stone using a sharp tool, e.g., the Tablets of Stone described in the Bible; stamped or incised in clay and then baked to make clay tablets, e.g., in the Sumerian and other Mesopotamian civilizations. The papyrus or parchment was often rolled into a scroll or cut into sheets and bound into a codex (book).
Contemporary electronic means of memorializing and displaying documents include:
Monitor of a desktop computer, laptop, tablet PC, et cetera; optionally with a printer to produce a hard copy;
Personal digital assistant (PDA);
Dedicated e-book device;
Electronic paper, typically, using the Portable Document Format (PDF);
Information appliance;
Digital audio player; and
Radio and television service provider.
Digital documents usually require a specific file format in order to be presentable in a specific medium.
In law[edit]
Documents in all forms frequently serve as material evidence in criminal and civil proceedings. The forensic analysis of such a document is within the scope of questioned document examination. For the purpose of cataloging and managing the large number of documents that may be produced during litigation, Bates numbering is often applied to all documents in the lawsuit so that each document has a unique, arbitrary, identification number.
See also[edit]
Archive
Book
Documentation
History of the book
Realia (library science)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Briet. 1951. 7. Quoted in Buckland, 1991.
Jump up ^ Levy, D. M. "Fixed or Fluid? Document Stability and New Media." 1994. In European Conference on Hypertext Technology 1994 Proceedings, pp. 24–31. New York: Association for Computing Machinery. Retrieved 18 October 2011 from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.119.8813&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Jump up ^ Buckland, M. "What Is a Digital Document?" 1998. In Document Numérique Paris. 2(2). [1].
Further reading[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Documents.
Briet, S. (1951). Qu'est-ce que la documentation? Paris: Documentaires Industrielles et Techniques.
Buckland, M. (1991). Information and information systems. New York: Greenwood Press.
Frohmann, Bernd (2009). Revisiting "what is a document?", Journal of Documentation, 65(2), 291-303.
Hjerppe, R. (1994). A framework for the description of generalized documents. Advances in Knowledge Organization, 4, 173-180.
Houser, L. (1986). Documents: The domain of library and information science. Library and Information Science Research, 8, 163-188.
Larsen, P.S. (1999). Books and bytes: Preserving documents for posterity. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 50(11), 1020-1027.
Lund, N. W. (2008). Document theory. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 43, 399-432.
Riles, A. (Ed.) (2006). Documents: Artifacts of Modern Knowledge. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI.
Schamber, L. (1996). What is a document? Rethinking the concept in uneasy times. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 47, 669-671.
Signer, Beat: What is Wrong with Digital Documents? A Conceptual Model for Structural Cross-Media Content Composition and Reuse, In Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER 2010), Vancouver, Canada, November 2010.
Smith, Barry. “How to Do Things with Documents”, Rivista di Estetica, 50 (2012), 179-198.
Smith, Barry. “Document Acts”,in Anita Konzelmann-Ziv, Hans Bernhard Schmid (eds.), 2013. Institutions, Emotions, and Group Agents.Contributions to Social Ontology (Philosophical Studies Series), Dordrecht: Springer
Ørom, A. (2007). The concept of information versus the concept of document. I: Document (re)turn. Contributions from a research field in transition. Ed. By Roswitha Skare, Niels Windfeld Lund & Andreas Vårheim. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. (pp. 53–72).
Authority control
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2009 National Artist of the Philippines controversy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Insignia of the Order of National Artists
The 2009 National Artist of the Philippines controversy refers to the controversial proclamation as National Artists of the Philippines of four individuals via the Presidential prerogative of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, when the four had not been nominated by the selection committee, composed of representatives from National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP).[1][2]
The title National Artist of the Philippines is given to a Filipino who has been given the highest recognition for having made significant contributions to the development of Philippine arts, namely, Music, Dance, Theater, Visual Arts, Literature, Film, Broadcast Arts, Fashion Design and Architecture, and Allied Arts. Such Filipinos are announced, by virtue of a Presidential Proclamation, as National Artist, having been conferred membership in the Order of National Artists. Benefits they enjoy from then on include a monthly pension, medical and life insurance, arrangements for a state funeral, a place of honor at national state functions, and recognition at cultural events.[2]
On July 16, 2013, the controversy finally ended after the Supreme Court of the Philippines voted 12-1-2 that voided the four proclamations created by former President Gloria Arroyo that made these people National Artists.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Controversy
1.1 President’s prerogative
1.1.1 Alvarez
1.1.2 Caparas
1.2 Committee-shortlisted nominees
1.3 Non-inclusion of Ramon Santos
1.4 Malacañang Honors Committee
2 Prominent protestors
3 Defense
3.1 Arroyo Administration
3.2 Carlo J. Caparas
3.3 Cecilla Guidote-Alvarez
4 Significant events
4.1 Reactions
4.2 Petition with the Supreme Court
4.3 Aftermath
5 References
Controversy[edit]
President’s prerogative[edit]
The controversy began when conferred the Order of National Artists to seven individuals in July, 2009.[4] Controversy arose from the revelation that musician Ramon Santos had been dropped from the list of nominees short-listed in May that year by the selection committee, and four other individuals had been nominated to the title via "President’s prerogative":[1][2]
Cecille Guidote-Alvarez (Theater),
Magno Jose "Carlo” Caparas (Visual Arts and Film),
Francisco Mañosa (Architecture), and
Jose “Pitoy” Moreno (Fashion Design)
Members of the Philippine art community, including a number of living National Artists of the Philippines, protested that the proclamation politicized the title of National artist, and made it "a way for President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo to accommodate her allies."[1]
Film director Eddie Romero, himself a National Artist for Film and the Broadcast Arts, explained in an interview that the rules allow the President to pick a National Artist. He noted, however, that:[1]
“It seems it’s the first time the presidential prerogative was used to declare four artists. It’s like a wholesale declaration.”
National Artist for literature chairman of the Concerned Artists of the Philippines Bienvenido Lumbera, said[1] that in the 2009 nominations, there was
“heavy campaigning because the government wanted to ensure the selection of four people.”
In addition, specific protests were raised regarding the nomination of NCCA executive director Guidote-Alvarez, because it was purportedly a breach of protocol and propriety, and of Carlo Caparas, because protestors assert that he is not qualified to be nominated under either the "Visual Arts" or "Film" categories in which he was proclaimed to the order.[1]
Alvarez[edit]
Lumbera, who happened to be a member of the combined “final selection committee" of the NCAA and CCP, noted that:[1]
“It was Cecile Guidote-Alvarez, as executive director of the NCCA, who had insisted on the President’s right to add names that were not discussed in the committee.”
Calling the situation "outrageous",[1] he said that:[1][2]
“She should have not allowed herself to be named as national artist. She’s close to the President. Nobody in the committee thought that she deserved to be named."
Alvarez heads the NCAA secretariat that receives nominations for national artists.
Caparas[edit]
Complaints regarding Caparas' proclamation centered on the complaints that he did not illustrate the comic books he wrote and therefore did not meet the qualifications for being honored under the visual arts category,[1][5] and the assertion of protesting artists that his work in the category of Film is supposedly "sub-par", being largely exploitation films: "pito-pito" ("seven-seven") films rush-finished in seven days, and "massacre films" whose focus was sensational crimes.[6][1][7][8]
Bienvenido Lumbera remarked that Caparas’ nomination was twice rejected by two NCAA panels:[2]
“[Caparas] was first proposed as a nominee for literature, but the committee rejected him. He was again proposed as nominee for visual artist but the panel again turned him down."
Film Academy of the Philippines director general Leo Martinez[2][9] noted that "He was obviously added by Malacañang." Caparas is known as a vocal supporter of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.[7]
Committee-shortlisted nominees[edit]
Protestors, however, were careful to note that three of the individuals proclaimed as National Artist in 2009[4] were in fact recommended by the selection committee:[1]
Manuel Urbano a.k.a. Manuel Conde (Film and Broadcast),
Lazaro Francisco (Literature), and
Federico Aguilar Alcuaz (Visual Arts, Painting, Sculpture and Mixed Media).
Non-inclusion of Ramon Santos[edit]
Protesters also lamented the dropping of musician Ramon Santos from the list of new National Artists. Philippine entertainment news website PEP says that a CCP official, who had asked not to be named, revealed that Santos actually won the most number of votes during the selection process. Lumbera verbalized dismay about the snubbing of Santos, saying:[10]
"What makes this even more outrageous is that Ramon Santos, who received a good number of votes in the panel selection, was dropped from the list. The basis for him being scrapped, one doesn't know"
The same report that quoted Lumbera also noted that "Santos still has not spoken about the whole brouhaha up to this day.[August 4, 2009]"[10]
Malacañang Honors Committee[edit]
Another aspect of the controversy regards the existence and of the Palace Honors committee which allegedly prepared the final list of nominees, which was eventually enacted by Arroyo.
Protesters claim that they were not aware of the existence of such a committee, and that at first, they had no idea who precisely were supposed to be on the committee.[11] According to them, nominating committees were made by the CCP and NCCA, and a final list of nominees was prepared by a joint committee. NCCA sub-commission on the arts head Ricardo de Ungria, one of the panelists involved in the selection process, insisted before a congressional committee meeting on the matter that the arts community “were never apprised of the existence of this animal since the start of the selection process this year or eight years ago.”[12]
According to Malacañang and to Cecille Guidote-Alvarez,however, the selection process had always involved the participation of three committees - those of the CCP, the NCCA and the Malacañang honors committee, whose head was Executive Secretary Eduardo Ermita.[12]
Prominent protestors[edit]
Living National Artists of the Philippines who have protested the proclamation of the four new National Artists include:
Eddie Romero[1]
F. Sionil Jose[6]
Arturo Luz[6]
Bienvenido Lumbera[1]
Virgilio Almario[6]
BenCab[6][13]
Salvador Bernal[6]
Other prominent critics include prominent Filipino Comic Book artist Gerry Alanguilan,[1][5] multiple Palanca Award laureate Lourd de Veyra,[1][8] Film Academy of the Philippines Director General Leo Martinez[9] (who had played a part in the original nomination process),[1] and blogging social critic Vicente Soria de Veyra who wrote a series of blog essays against "the myth of the national artist".[user-generated source?][self-published source?][14]
Defense[edit]
Arroyo Administration[edit]
The Arroyo administration was quick to defend its choices of individuals to be named to the Order of National Artists. Acting Executive Secretary and Presidential political adviser Gabriel Claudio told reporters that:[7]
"I think we can defend [their] track record and qualifications and reasons [for their selection].”
He also said the administration would “stand by the qualifications, qualities, track record and reputation of those named as National Artists.[7]”
Carlo J. Caparas[edit]
Caparas defended his proclamation, saying that other aspirants to the honor ought to wait their turn.[15]
“Ganyan talaga kung may something for grabs. E, iisa lang ang pipiliin. Sana, maghintay na lang sila ng tamang panahon sa gusto nilang manalo. Hindi naman ito palakasan.”(That's the way it is whenever something is for grabs. Only one person can be selected. They ought to wait for the right time for them if they want to win. It's not as if this were a case of sucking up.)
Kaya wag mag-alala ang mga critics ko, may pagkakataon pa sila o ang mga manok nila na manalo in the future. (So my critics shouldn't worry, they or their fighting cocks still have opportunities to win in the future.) They cannot take the award from me anymore."
“Baka ang nasa isip nila ay bata pa ako. Pero hindi naman ‘yon ang basehan. Sino naman ang ko-contest sa decision ng Cultural Center, ng NCCA at ng Malacañang tungkol sa award na ito? Mabuti na nga at ngayon pa lang ay ibinibigay na ang ganitong award sa mga taong nandito. Ang akala kasi nila ay sa matatanda o sa beterano o sa mga patay na ibinibigay ang ganitong award.” (Maybe they think I'm too young. But that's not a valid basis [for a choice]. Who would contest the decision of the Cultural Center, the NCCA, and Malacañang regarding this award? It's a good thing they're giving this award to someone who's still here. They think awards like this should only be given to the old, to veterans, or to the dead.)
Caparas said that instead of criticizing his award, entertainment people “should unite and work together to revive the ailing movie and komiks industry.”[15] He attributed his win to the fact that he managed to cross over from comic books to film and television, and saying that his triumph was significant because he was a National Artist who came from the working class. “I am a National Artist who came from the masses," the Philippine Daily Inquirer quoted him as saying. "I work and struggle with them.” He said it was time for a National Artist “who the masses can identify with—someone who walks beside them, someone who can inspire them.” Noting that some Filipinos did not even know the National Artists he said “Hopefully, since I am still active in TV and in the movies, this will encourage our countrymen to learn more about our National Artists.”[1]
Others who have come to his defense include Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office (PCSO) director and former Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (MTRCB) chief Manoling Morato, Volunteers Against Crime and Corruption (VACC) head Dante Jimenez, boxer Manny Pacquiao, Senators Ramon Revilla Jr. and Jinggoy Estrada, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino chair Joe Lad Santos, and Polytechnic University of the Philippines president Dante Guevarra.[16]
Cecilla Guidote-Alvarez[edit]
Guidote-Alvarez also defended her qualifications for receiving the award. “Before you make a judgment," she said, "read my achievements first as an artist. Was I an idiot before I became a national artist?"[2] As proof of her achievements, she cited previous awards, including the Ramon Magsaysay public service award for the arts, the CCP Gawad Sining Award for Literature, and the Outstanding Women in the Nation's Services award.[2][17] She also cited her important role in the development of Philippine theater, having founded the Philippine Educational Theatre Association (PETA) in 1967.[17] She asserted that the President had the prerogative to name national artists who were not named in the selection committee's shortlist, and denied lobbying for the award, saying that President Arroyo had “never talked to [her] about it."[2]
Significant events[edit]
On July 27, 2009, it was announced to the public that President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo had named seven National Artists for 2009: National Commission on Culture and the Arts executive director Cecille Guidote Alvarez (theater); Manuel Conde (film and broadcast arts, posthumous); Lazaro Francisco (literature, posthumous); Federico Aguilar Alcuaz (visual arts in painting, sculpture and mixed media); Magno Jose Carlo Caparas (visual arts and film); Francisco Mañoza (architecture); and Jose "Pitoy" Moreno (fashion design).[4]
By August 1, 2009, it had been revealed by members of the final selection committee, comprising members from the NCCA and CCP, that only Conde, Alcuaz and Francisco had been short-listed by the selection committee in May. Alvarez, Caparas,Mañosa, and Moreno had been included via what was referred to as the "President’s prerogative". They also revealed that a fourth nominee, Ramon Santos (shortlisted for music), had not been conferred the order as recommended by committee – also supposedly part of the president's prerogative. Various artists' groups in the Philippines began to protest, notably the Concerned Artists of the Philippines. Over the next few days, previously conferred members of the Order of National Artists, notably Eddie Romero, F. Sionil Jose, Bienvenido Lumbera, Virgilio Almario, and BenCab[1][2] A number of members of the Comic Book industry, notably Gerry Alanguilan, also protested.[5]
Reactions[edit]
On August 6, Representatives Ana Theresia Hontiveros and Walden Bello of the Akbayan Party-list filed House Resolution 1305 at the Philippine House of Representatives, calling for a congressional inquiry into the controversy to make sure that the choice of national artists would not be subject to the “whims" of ranking government officials. Hontiveros noted:[18]
"Choosing national artists should fundamentally be about contribution in the arts and culture, not patronage or closeness to Malacañang. Choosing eminent symbols of Filipino arts and culture should be left in the hands of the arts community."
Also on August 15, the ABS CBN News Channel (ANC) hosted an episode of Cheche Lazaro's Media in Focus, in which the controversial awardees in the person of Caparas and Alavarez were supposed to face off with protesting artists in the person of National Artist Eddie Romero, CCP Chair Emily Abrera, Palanca Award Hall of Fame Awardee Butch Dalisay, and film critic Alexis Tioseco. The first segment of the show allowed Caparas and Dalisay to air their side, while Alvarez was unable to arrive in time to join the second part of a show, which would have had her on a panel with Romero and Abrera, who were protesting the circumstances of her proclamation to the order.[19]
On August 7, protesters gathered at the front ramp of the Cultural Center of the Philippines for a major protest action in the form of a mock “necrological service”. National Artists who joined the protesters were Napoleon Abueva (visual arts), Arturo Luz (visual arts), Ben Cabrera (visual arts), F. Sionil Jose (literature), Bienvenido Lumbera (literature), Virgilio Almario (literature) and Salvador Bernal (theater design). Relatives of deceased National Artists also participated in the event, with singer Celeste Legaspi representing her late father Cesar Legaspi (National Artist for visual arts), and Raul Locsin representing his late brother Leandro Locsin (National Artist for architecture). Protesters offered black roses "to symbolize the death of the National Artist Awards."[20]
During the protests, the Concerned Artists of the Philippines group, through its chair Lumbera informed the media that they “might seek court injunction" at the Supreme Court "against the proclamation of the new national artists."[21]
After the mock ceremony, participants continued the protest with a motorcade which ended at the offices of the NCCA, where Alvarez serves as head. This led to loud verbal confrontations between protesters and supporters of Alvarez.[22]
Petition with the Supreme Court[edit]
On August 19 a group of National Artists and supporters, led by National Artists for Literature Bienvenido Lumbera and Virgilio Almario, asked filed a 38-page petition at the Supreme Court "for prohibition, certiorari and injunction with prayer for restraining order to prevent the Palace from conferring the title to respondents," to stop "the release of the monetary benefits, entitlements and emoluments… to private respondents arising from such conferment," and the "holding of the acknowledgement ceremonies for their recognition."[23] The petition asserted that:
"For the President to cavalierly disregard the collective judgment of the CCP and NCCA boards, and substitute her own judgment without a clear indication of the reasons and bases, therefore, is an unacceptable and manifestly grave abuse of discretion."
On August 25 the Supreme Court issued a status quo order, stopping Malacañang from conferring the honor pending deliberation of the petition to disqualify Alvarez, Caparas, Mañosa, and Moreno. Supreme Court spokesman Jose Midas Marquez noted that: "The court saw the urgency to issue the status quo order and stop the conferment of the awards. It has the same affect [sic] as a temporary restraining order."[24]
The incident involving Caparas has also been the subject of vandalism in Wikipedia, where anonymous editors and newly registered accounts maliciously edited the article, substituting the titles with nonsensical ones containing Tagalog pejoratives.[25]
On August 31, 2009, Dalisay claimed in his column in The Philippine Star that the NCCA web page regarding the selection process for national artists had been changed:[26]
When I looked up the National Artists page on the NCCA website, the rules had suddenly changed — now there was a mention of Executive Order 236 empowering an Honors Committee to make up its own list of NA nominees to the President. That wasn’t there before the recent [National Artist] scandal blew up — neither the rule nor the role of the committee in the NAA process.
On September 14, 2009, the Philippines' House of Representatives began its committee inquiry into the National Artist controversy. In her testimony before the committee, CCP director and lawyer Lorna Kapunan alleged that the Malacañang honors committee had not actually held a meeting to deliberate on the nominees, and that minutes of the said meeting were therefore forged. Alvarez denied the allegations, and insisted that the selection process for National Artists of the Philippines had always involved the participation of three committees – those of the CCP, the NCCA and the Malacañang honors committee.[11][12]
On the same day, the CCP submitted to the Supreme Court its 31-page comment regarding the petition to disqualify the National Artists added by Malacañang to the list of nominees. The CCP reiterated its position that the four had not been in the original list of nominees. It also requested the Supreme Court to order the proclamation of its four original choices as 2009's National Artists.[27]
Aftermath[edit]
On July 16, 2013, the Supreme Court voided former President Arroyo's proclamations awarding National Artists to Alvarez, Caparas, Mañosa and Moreno, four years after the said proclamations. Arroyo inserted these names although they were not part of the recommendations created by the Cultural Center of the Philippines and the National Commission on Culture and Arts. The original nominees were Lazaro Francisco (literature), Dr. Ramon Santos (music), Manuel Conde (film and broadcast) and Federico Aguilar Alcuaz (visual arts, painting, sculpture and mixed media). The justices voted 12-1-2 that struck down the 4 proclamations.[3]
On June 20, 2014, Dr. Ramon Santos was named as one of six new National Artists.[28]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Kristine L. Alave, Bayani San Diego Jr (August 1, 2009). "Palace choices of 4 nat'l artists protested". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on August 6, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Annie Ruth C. Sabangan (2009-08-01). "Fury over Arroyo's choice of national artists". GMANews.tv: The Official Website of GMA News and Public Affairs.
^ Jump up to: a b Mark Merueñas (2013-07-16). "SC voids National Artist Award on Carlo Caparas, 3 others". GMA News and Public Affairs.
^ Jump up to: a b c TJ Burgonio (July 29, 2009). "Arroyo names 7 National Artists for '09". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on August 6, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
^ Jump up to: a b c Gerry Alanguilan (2009). "Bottom Line: Carlo J. Caparas is NOT Qualified". Komikero Comics Journal. Komikero Comics Journal. Archived from the original on 2009-08-06. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Bong Godinez (2009). "Artists to stage protest against PGMA's appointed National Artist awardees". pep.com. Philippine Entertainment Portal. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
^ Jump up to: a b c d GMA News TV (2009). "Palace defends Carlo J's inclusion in National Artist award". GMA News and Public Affairs. Retrieved 2009-08-05.
^ Jump up to: a b Lourd Ernest de Veyra (2009). "Carlo J. All the Way". www.spot.ph. Archived from the original on 2009-08-06. Retrieved 2009-08-03.
^ Jump up to: a b Leo Martinez (2009). ""National Artist Award a Joke," says Leo Martinez, Film Academy Head". SPOT.PH: The Feed. SPOT.PH. Archived from the original on 2009-08-06. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
^ Jump up to: a b Mark Angelo Ching (2009-08-04). "CCP: Malacañang bypassed rules of the selection process for National Artists". PEP.ph. Philippine Entertainment Portal. Archived from the original on 2009-08-14. Retrieved 2009-08-13.
^ Jump up to: a b Gil C. Cabacungan Jr. (2009-09-14). "NATIONAL ARTISTS ROW:Existence of Palace honors body questioned". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on 2009-09-17. Retrieved 2009-09-15.
^ Jump up to: a b c Gil C. Cabacungan Jr., Norman Bordadora (2009-09-15). "Forgery alleged in picking Nat'l Artists: CCP exec says Palace honors panel never met". Philippine Daily Inquirer: 2. Archived from the original on 2009-09-17. Retrieved 2009-09-15.
Jump up ^ Benedicto Cabrera. "Statement from BenCab on the National Artist Brouhaha". SPOT.PH: The Feed. SPOT.PH. Archived from the original on 2009-08-06. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
Jump up ^ V.I.S. de Veyra's series of blog essays against the National Artist Award and other forms of state sponsorship in the arts, written in 2009, are here and here
^ Jump up to: a b Boy Villasanta (2009). "Caparas airs side on Nat'l Artist Award". ABS-CBN News Online. Archived from the original on 2009-08-06. Retrieved 2009-08-05.
Jump up ^ Jerry E. Esplanada (2009-08-16). "MORATO: Give me a Caparas to hang beside my Picasso". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on 2009-08-22. Retrieved 2009-08-16.
^ Jump up to: a b TJ Burgonio (2009-08-05). "Palace firm on choices of National Artists". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
Jump up ^ Johanna Camille L. Sisante (2009-08-06). "House probe looms over National Artist awards mess". GMANews.TV. GMA News and Public Affairs. Retrieved 2009-08-06.
Jump up ^ "Corruption of Culture?". Media in Focus. 2008-08-06.
Jump up ^ Rhodina Villanueva (2009-08-08). "National artists unite vs selection irregularities". The Philippine Star: 1.
Jump up ^ "Nat'l artist controversy may end up in SC". GMANews.TV. 2009-08-08. Retrieved 2009-08-13.
Jump up ^ Torres, Tetch (2009-08-07). "Shouting match erupts in artists protest". INQUIRER.net. Archived from the original on 2009-08-14. Retrieved 2009-08-13.
Jump up ^ Trina Lagura (2009-08-19). "SC asked to stop awards for Caparas et al". abs-cbn NEWS. abs-cbnNEWS.com. Archived from the original on 2009-09-07. Retrieved 2009-08-19.
Jump up ^ "SC stops conferment of Nat'l Artist awards". ABS CBN News Online Beta. ABS-CBNnews.com. 2009-08-25. Archived from the original on 2009-09-07. Retrieved 2009-08-25.
Jump up ^ Blog entry detailing the Caparas vandalism incident
Jump up ^ Butch Dalisay (2009-08-31). "PENMAN: Tampering with the evidence". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on 2009-09-12. Retrieved 2009-09-10.
Jump up ^ Norman Bordadora (2009-09-14). "Allow 4 nat'l artists' proclamation, SC asked". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
Jump up ^ Palace declares new National Artists, Nora Aunor didn't make it. Philippine Daily Inquirer (21 June 2014)
[show]
v
t
e
National Artists of the Philippines
Pambansang Alagad ng Sining ng Pilipinas
Architecture
1973 Juan Nakpil
1976 Pablo Antonio
1990 Leandro Locsin
2003 Ildefonso P. Santos Jr.
2014 Jose Maria Zaragosa
Cinema
1982 Gerardo de León
1991 Ishmael Bernal
1997 Lino Brocka
2003 Eddie Romero
2006 Fernando Poe Jr.
2009 Manuel Conde
Dance
1973 Francisca R. Aquino
1976 Leonor Orosa
1988 Lucrecia Reyes
2006 Ramon Obusan
2014 Alice Reyes
Fashion
2006 Ramon Valera
Historical literature
1997 Carlos Quirino
Literature
1973 Jose Garcia Villa
1973 Amado V. Hernandez
1976 Nick Joaquin
1982 Carlos P. Romulo
1990 Francisco Arcellana
1990 N. V. M. Gonzalez
1992 Rolando Tinio
1999 Edith Tiempo
2001 F. Sionil José
2003 Virgilio S. Almario
2003 Alejandro Roces
2006 Bienvenido Lumbera
2009 Lazaro Francisco
2014 Cirilo F. Bautista
Music
1973 Antonio Molina
1976 Jovita Fuentes
1987 Atang de la Rama
1988 Antonio Buenaventura
1988 Lucrecia Kasilag
1991 Lucio D. San Pedro
1997 Levi Celerio
1997 Felipe de Leon
1997 José Maceda
1999 Ernani Cuenco
1999 Andrea Veneracion
2014 Ramon Santos
2014 Francisco Feliciano
Theater and films
1976 Lamberto V. Avellana
1997 Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero
1997 Rolando Tinio
1999 Daisy Avellana
2001 Severino Montano
2003 Salvador Bernal
Visual arts
1972 Fernando Amorsolo
1973 Botong Francisco
1973 Guillermo Tolentino
1976 Napoleon Abueva
1976 Victorio C. Edades
1981 Vicente Manansala
1990 Cesar Legaspi
1991 Hernando R. Ocampo
1997 Arturo R. Luz
1999 J. Elizalde Navarro
2001 Ang Kiukok
2003 José T. Joya
2006 BenCab Cabrera
2006 Abdulmari Asia Imao
2009 Federico Aguilar Alcuaz
2014 Francisco Coching
National Commission for Culture and the Arts
Cultural Center of the Philippines
National Arts Center
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