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Battle of Britain Memorial Flight
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Battle of Britain Memorial Flight
A typical formation: bottom - Hawker Hurricane, middle - Avro Lancaster and top - Supermarine Spitfire
Active
1957 – Present
Country
United Kingdom
Branch
Royal Air Force
Role
Memorial
Part of
No. 1 Group RAF
Garrison/HQ
RAF Coningsby
Nickname(s)
BBMF
Insignia
Battle of Britain Memorial Flight badge
Aircraft flown
Bomber
Avro Lancaster
Interceptor
Spitfire, Hurricane
Transport
Dakota
The Battle of Britain Memorial Flight (BBMF) is a Royal Air Force flight which provides an aerial display group usually comprising an Avro Lancaster, a Supermarine Spitfire and a Hawker Hurricane. The aircraft are regularly seen at events commemorating the Second World War and upon British State occasions, notably Trooping the Colour, celebrating Queen Elizabeth II's 80th birthday in 2006, as well as the wedding of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and Catherine Middleton in 2011 and at air displays throughout the United Kingdom and Europe.
The flight is administratively part of No. 1 Group RAF, flying out of RAF Coningsby in Lincolnshire.
Contents
[hide]
1 Aircraft
1.1 Spitfires
1.2 Hurricanes
1.3 Lancaster
1.4 Dakota
1.5 Chipmunks
1.6 Flypasts
2 History of the flight
2.1 Biggin Hill
2.2 Coltishall
2.3 Coningsby
2.4 Past and current BBMF homes
2.5 Service history of the aircraft
3 Battle of Britain Memorial Flight Visitor Centre
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
6.1 News items
6.2 Video clips
Aircraft[edit]
Spitfire AB910, built in 1941, she is painted in the colours of the Polish 303 Squadron; the Donald Duck symbol is the personal logo of Squadron Leader Jan Zumbach
Although usually seen flying in a formation of three, the Lancaster flanked by a fighter on each wing, the BBMF comprises a total of 12 aircraft:
1 Avro Lancaster
6 Supermarine Spitfires
2 Hawker Hurricanes
1 Douglas Dakota
2 de Havilland Canada DHC-1 Chipmunks
Spitfires[edit]
Individual aircraft have historic heritages; the oldest of the Spitfires, P7350, is a Mk.IIa, which originally flew in the Battle of Britain in 1940, with 266 and 603 Squadrons. In 2011 she was repainted in the 41 Squadron code 'EB-G', which represents the aircraft flown by Pilot Officer Eric Lock on 5 September 1940, when he destroyed three aircraft in a single sortie.[1]
The Mk Vb Spitfire, AB910, escorted convoys in the Battle of the Atlantic. She then flew escort patrols during bombing raids on the German battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau, then (as part of No. 133 squadron), she fought in the Dieppe Raid. Capping this long career, as part of No. 402 Squadron RCAF, she flew cover patrols over the Normandy beaches on D-Day and in the subsequent weeks – as did another of the flight's Spitfires, with No. 443 Squadron RCAF. AB910 now[when?] wears the 133 squadron codes 'MD-E' which she actually wore during the Dieppe Raid.
Battle of Britain Memorial Flight Spitfire IX, MK356, 21-V, 2014
The Mk LFIXe Spitfire, MK356, was built in March 1944 with clipped wings optimised for low level flight, and fitted with a Merlin 66 engine. Allocated to the Royal Canadian Air Force 144 wing, based in various locations around southern England, she took part in the Rodeo fighter sweep over occupied France in the weeks leading up to D-Day. After the war she served as a gate guardian at Hawkinge and Locking, and was recovered and refurbished in 1992 for the BBMF. As of 2008, she is displayed in a silver paint scheme used in late 1944 fighter/bomber missions over the Balkans from bases in Southern Italy.
There are also two PRXIX Spitfires, both built in 1945 with Griffon 66 engines. PM631 was too late to see operational services in World War II and carried out civilian duties with the Temperature and Humidity Monitoring (THUM) Flight at RAF Woodvale until 11 July 1957, when she became part of the Historic Aircraft Flight; she is the longest serving aircraft in the BBMF and is currently painted to represent a 541 squadron Spitfire.
PS915 "The Last"
PS915 performed various reconnaissance duties at Wunsdorf in Germany. She returned to the UK in 1954, and was retired to gate guarding duties. In 1987 she was modified with a Griffon 58 engine and refurbished to flying condition by British Aerospace. She currently carries the markings of PS888 of 81 Squadron based at Seletar, Singapore, during the Malayan Emergency which conducted the last operational RAF Spitfire sortie on 1 April 1954, photographing communist guerrilla hideouts over an area of jungle in Johore. The ground crew painted the inscription "The Last!" on PS 915's left engine cowling.
One Mark XIX Spitfire, PS853, was sold in 1994 to defray the costs of rebuilding Hurricane LF363 after her crash-landing on the runway at RAF Wittering due to engine failure in 1991. The BBMF pilot escaped with a broken ankle and minor bruises, whilst LF363 was engulfed and devastated by the resulting fire.
Spitfire Mark XVI TE311 was acquired in 2002 and initially allocated for spares, but officially added to the BBMF collection in 2007. TE311 was made airworthy in the later stages of the 2012 display season and will be joining the flight to carry out commemorative sorties in 2013.
Hurricanes[edit]
Hurricane MkIIC LF363 in 2009
There are two Hurricanes. LF363 is a Mk IIc and the last Hurricane to have entered service with the RAF. She appeared in the films Angels One Five, Reach for the Sky, The Battle of Britain,[2] and a TV series The War in the Air. PZ865, is a Mk IIc built six months after LF363; she is the last Hurricane ever to have been built. She once wore the inscription "The last of the Many" on her port and starboard sides - the original fabric with this inscription is now located in the BBMF Headquarters at RAF Coningsby.
Lancaster[edit]
Lancaster PA474 in 2011
The Lancaster bomber - PA474, acquired by the BBMF in 1973, is one of only two surviving airworthy examples of the type; the other is in Canada. She was built in mid-1945 and assigned to reconnaissance duties after appearing too late to take part in the bombing of Japan. After various duties, she was adopted by the Air Historical Branch for display work. She appeared in two films: Operation Crossbow and The Guns of Navarone. Having been flown for much of her service with the BBMF as the "City of Lincoln", PA474 previously wore the markings of the "Phantom of the Ruhr", a Lancaster that flew 121 sorties (a so-called "ton-up" Lancaster). Originally assigned to 100 Squadron in June 1943, the original "Phantom" was transferred to 101 Squadron in November that year and finished the war as part of 550 Squadron at Ludford Magna. The Lancaster currently carries the markings of 'Thumper' for the 2014 display season, an aircraft which served with No 617 Squadron after the Dams Raid. Some of the specially-modified Lancasters, which survived the Dams Raid, remained in service with the squadron afterwards. However, these aircraft were not suitable for all operations and they were replaced with standard Lancasters, one example being B Mk1 DV385. PA474 displays the markings of bombs for operations over Germany, ice-cream cones for operations over Italy and poppies when she releases poppies during exhibition flights. During the 2008 RAF Waddington Air Day, PA474 was flown in formation with the recently restored Avro Vulcan XH558 in a historic display of two Avro "heavy metal" classics.
Dakota[edit]
Dakota ZA947 taking off in 2009
The Dakota, ZA947, built at Long Beach, California in March 1942, was issued to the US Army Air Forces and later transferred to the Royal Canadian Air Force where she served until 1971. The aircraft was purchased by the Royal Aircraft Establishment before being issued to the BBMF in March 1993. She is equipped with authentic period 'para seats' and is used in commemorative parachute drops.
The Dakota did serve solely as a support aircraft for the flight and as a multi-engine tail-wheel trainer for the Lancaster; but recently she has also acted as a display aircraft in her own right. ZA947 is becoming increasingly popular with the public and 2013 saw the aircraft making many appearances.[3]
Chipmunks[edit]
DHC-1 Chipmunk T10 WG486 in 2010
The two Chipmunks (WG486 and WK518), are the last in RAF service, but are not intended for display use; rather, they serve to give pilots experience in flying aircraft with a tailwheel landing gear, a design that has now vanished from the modern RAF fleet. Chipmunk WG486 flew reconnaissance missions over East Germany, as part of the RAF Gatow Station Flight, in co-operation with the British Commander-in-Chief's Mission to the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany, commonly known as BRIXMIS.
Flypasts[edit]
Two Hawker Hurricanes and five Supermarine Spitfires at Duxford Airshow in 2007
The flight also regularly takes part in combined flypasts with other recognisable British aircraft, such as the Red Arrows. It appeared on occasion with Concorde before that aircraft's withdrawal from service in October 2003.
For much of the 2014 display season the flight was joined by Canadian built Lancaster B Mk X FM213. This aircraft is owned and operated by the Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum and made the 3,000 mile trip to the UK, via Goose Bay and Keflavik arriving at RAF Coningsby on 9 August. FM213 (C-GVRA) is dedicated to the memory of P/O Andrew Mynarski VC and is referred to as the "Mynarski Memorial Lancaster". It is painted in the colours of his aircraft KB726 – VR-A, which flew with RCAF No. 419 (Moose) Squadron, and is affectionately known as Vera. She displayed with PA474 in the first Lancaster two-aircraft formation for 50 years, with both Lancasters visiting a large number of air shows and events before Vera's departure back to Canada in mid-September.
History of the flight[edit]
Biggin Hill[edit]
In the years following World War II it became traditional for a Spitfire and Hurricane to lead the Victory Day flypast over London. From that event there grew the idea to form a historic collection of flyable aircraft, initially to commemorate the RAF's major battle honour, the Battle of Britain, and latterly with broadened scope, to commemorate the RAF's involvement in all the campaigns of World War II. Thus in 1957 the Historic Aircraft Flight was formed at RAF Biggin Hill with one Hurricane (LF363) and three Mk XIX Spitfires (PM631, PS853 and PS915), in what, even then, had become a predominantly jet-powered air force. There is evidence that at least one of the Spifires sometimes flew with a single Hawker Hunter F5 of 41 Sqn (the last operational squadron to operate from RAF Biggin Hill) which co-resided with the Spitfires and Hurricaine at that time. The two aircraft together were referred to in an official Biggin Hill "At Home" Day Display programme as the 'Battle of Britain Flight'.
Coltishall[edit]
Originally the RAF Historic Aircraft Flight, with a small group of Spitfires and Hurricanes operating from RAF Coltishall from 1963, the group became the "Battle of Britain Memorial Flight" in 1973, with the acquisition of the Lancaster.
Coningsby[edit]
BBMF moved to its present home at RAF Coningsby in 1976, since then it has acquired several more aircraft including, the first Chipmunk acquired in 1983, a Dakota was originally acquired in 1995, as a more reliable multi-engine trainer than the De Havilland Devon, that was nicknamed the 'Devon State Two', due to its tendency to return to the ground on an emergency state two; but has since taken a fuller role in BBMFs line up. The Spitfires and Hurricanes in the flight have varied over the years, as new aircraft are acquired and older ones passed to museums or used for parts.
Past and current BBMF homes[edit]
Over the years the BBMF have called many RAF bases "home". These include: Biggin Hill July 1957–March 1958, North Weald March–May 1958, Martlesham Heath May 1958–November 1961, Horsham St Faith November 1961–April 1963, Coltishall April 1963–March 1976 and RAF Coningsby since March 1976.
Service history of the aircraft[edit]
Aircraft currently in the flight have served with the RAF, the United States Army Air Forces, and the Royal Canadian Air Force, as well as having been privately owned; whilst in the RAF, they were flown by Czechoslovakian, Polish, South African, American and Canadian pilots. Some were sold for scrapping and later saved, whilst at least one has been on operational service with the RAF for almost fifty years.
Battle of Britain Memorial Flight Visitor Centre[edit]
The Battle of Britain Memorial Flight Visitor Centre is located at RAF Coningsby in Coningsby, Lincolnshire. A partnership between the Royal Air Force and Lincolnshire County Council, the centre allows visitors an up-close guided tour of the aircraft when not in use, as well as exhibits about the aircraft and other temporary exhibits.
See also[edit]
Royal Navy Historic Flight
Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum
Commemorative Air Force, in Midland, Texas
Shuttleworth Collection at Old Warden near Biggleswade in Bedfordshire, England
Fantasy of Flight, in Polk City, Florida
Champlin Fighter Collection at the Seattle Museum of Flight
The Lone Star Flight Museum in Galveston, Texas
The Yankee Air Museum in Ypsilanti, Michigan
The Historic Aircraft Restoration Museum in St Louis, Missouri
References[edit]
Jump up ^ The original EB-G of 5 September 1940, which is represented by the BBMF's Spitfire IIa, P7350, was actually Spitfire Ia, N3162.
Jump up ^ "Battle of Britain - Hurricanes". Daves Warbirds. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Dakota".
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Battle of Britain Memorial Flight.
The Battle Of Britain Memorial Flight homepage
The Battle Of Britain Memorial Flight's official club
News items[edit]
At BBC Lincolnshire in 2009
Meeting Poland's Foreign Minister in June 2008
Lancaster re-fit in April 2007
Flypast in April 2002
Video clips[edit]
Overall history of the Spitfire with an appraisal of the aircraft by Sqn Ldr Paul Day (former BBMF Commanding Officer) at Coningsby
At Biggin Hill in August 2007
At Duxford in May 2007
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Developed country
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 11 January 2018.
Jump to: navigation, search
"Industrial nation" redirects here. For the magazine, see Industrialisation.
For the investing classification, see Developed market.
World map indicating the categories of Human Development Index by country (based on 2015 data, published on 24 March 2017).
Very high
High
Medium
Low
Data unavailable
A developed country, industrialized country, more developed country, or "more economically developed country" (MEDC), is a sovereign state that has a highly developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations. Most commonly, the criteria for evaluating the degree of economic development are gross domestic product (GDP), gross national product (GNP), the per capita income, level of industrialization, amount of widespread infrastructure and general standard of living.[1] Which criteria are to be used and which countries can be classified as being developed are subjects of debate.
Developed countries have post-industrial economies, meaning the service sector provides more wealth than the industrial sector. They are contrasted with developing countries, which are in the process of industrialization, or undeveloped countries, which are pre-industrial and almost entirely agrarian. As of 2015, advanced economies comprise 60.8% of global GDP based on nominal values and 42.9% of global GDP based on purchasing-power parity (PPP) according to the International Monetary Fund.[2] In 2015, the ten largest advanced economies by GDP in both nominal and PPP terms were Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Similar terms
2 Definition and criteria
3 Human Development Index (HDI)
4 Complete list of countries
4.1 Very high human development
5 Other lists of developed countries
5.1 World Bank high-income economies
5.2 IMF advanced economies
5.3 High-income OECD members
5.3.1 Development Assistance Committee members
5.4 Paris Club members
6 Disposable Income per capita (OECD)
7 See also
8 Notes
9 References
10 External links
Similar terms[edit]
See also: North–South divide
Terms similar to developed country include "advanced country", "industrialized country", "'more developed country" (MDC), "more economically developed country" (MEDC), "Global North country", "first world country", and "post-industrial country". The term industrialized country may be somewhat ambiguous, as industrialization is an ongoing process that is hard to define. The first industrialized country was the United Kingdom, followed by Belgium. Later it spread further to Germany, United States, France and other Western European countries. According to some economists such as Jeffrey Sachs, however, the current divide between the developed and developing world is largely a phenomenon of the 20th century.[4]
Definition and criteria[edit]
Economic criteria have tended to dominate discussions. One such criterion is income per capita; countries with high gross domestic product (GDP) per capita would thus be described as developed countries. Another economic criterion is industrialization; countries in which the tertiary and quaternary sectors of industry dominate would thus be described as developed. More recently another measure, the Human Development Index (HDI), which combines an economic measure, national income, with other measures, indices for life expectancy and education has become prominent. This criterion would define developed countries as those with a very high (HDI) rating.
According to the United Nations Statistics Division:
There is no established convention for the designation of "developed" and "developing" countries or areas in the United Nations system.[5]
And it notes that:
The designations "developed" and "developing" are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process.[6]
Human Development Index (HDI)[edit]
Main articles: Human Development Index and List of countries by Human Development Index
The UN HDI is a statistical measure that gauges a country's level of human development. While there is a strong correlation between having a high HDI score and a prosperous economy, the UN points out that the HDI accounts for more than income or productivity. Unlike GDP per capita or per capita income, the HDI takes into account how income is turned "into education and health opportunities and therefore into higher levels of human development."
Since 1990, Norway (2001–2006, 2009–2013), Japan (1990–1991 and 1993), Canada (1992 and 1994–2000) and Iceland (2007–2008) have had the highest HDI score. The top 47 countries have scores ranging from 0.793 in Barbados to 0.955 in Norway.
Many countries listed by IMF or[Note 1] CIA as "advanced" (as of 2009), possess an HDI over 0.788 (as of 2010). Many countries[Note 2] possessing an HDI of 0.788 and over (as of 2010) are also listed by IMF or CIA as "advanced" (as of 2009). Thus, many "advanced economies" (as of 2009) are characterized by an HDI score of 0.9 or higher (as of 2007). Since April 2016, the IMF classifies Macau as an advanced economy.[7]
The latest report was launched on 21 March 2017.[8]
Complete list of countries[edit]
= increase.
= steady.
= decrease.
Very high human development[edit]
Rank
Country
HDI
2016 estimates for 2015
[8]
Change in rank from previous year[8]
2016 estimates for 2015
[8]
Change from previous year
[8]
1 Norway 0.949 0.001
2 (1) Australia 0.939 0.002
2 Switzerland 0.939 0.001
4 Germany 0.926 0.002
5 (1) Denmark 0.925 0.002
5 (1) Singapore 0.925 0.001
7 (1) Netherlands 0.924 0.001
8 Ireland 0.923 0.003
9 Iceland 0.921 0.002
10 (1) Canada 0.920 0.001
10 (1) United States 0.920 0.002
12 Hong Kong 0.917 0.001
13 New Zealand 0.915 0.002
14 (1) Sweden 0.913 0.004
15 (1) Liechtenstein 0.912 0.001
16 United Kingdom 0.909 0.001
17 Japan 0.903 0.001
18 South Korea 0.901 0.002
19 Israel 0.899 0.001
20 Luxembourg 0.898 0.002
21 (1) France 0.897 0.003
22 (1) Belgium 0.896 0.001
23 Finland 0.895 0.002
24 Austria 0.893 0.001
25 Slovenia 0.890 0.002
Rank
Country
HDI
2016 estimates for 2015
[8]
Change in rank from previous year[8]
2016 estimates for 2015
[8]
Change from previous year
[8]
26 (1) Italy 0.887 0.006
27 (1) Spain 0.884 0.002
28 Czech Republic 0.878 0.003
29 Greece 0.866 0.001
30 Brunei 0.865 0.001
30 (1) Estonia 0.865 0.002
32 Andorra 0.858 0.001
33 (1) Cyprus 0.856 0.002
33 (2) Malta 0.856 0.003
33 Qatar 0.856 0.001
36 Poland 0.855 0.003
37 Lithuania 0.848 0.002
38 Chile 0.847 0.002
38 Saudi Arabia 0.847 0.002
40 Slovakia 0.845 0.003
41 Portugal 0.843 0.002
42 United Arab Emirates 0.840 0.004
43 Hungary 0.836 0.002
44 Latvia 0.830 0.002
45 Argentina 0.827 0.001
45 (1) Croatia 0.827 0.004
47 (1) Bahrain 0.824 0.001
48 (1) Montenegro 0.807 0.003
49 (1) Russia 0.804 0.001
50 (1) Romania 0.802 0.004
51 (1) Kuwait 0.800 0.001
As a non-UN member, the government of Taiwan calculates its own HDI, which had a value of 0.882 in 2011.[9] Additionally, while the HDI for the Chinese special administrative region of Hong Kong is calculated by the UN, it is not for Macau. The Macanese government calculated the territory's HDI to be 0.868 in 2011. These values place both Taiwan and Macau well within the list of countries with "Very high human development".[10] Furthermore, in 2009 a United Nations project calculated the HDI for all of its members, as well as Taiwan, Macau, and many dependent territories. The HDI values for the countries of San Marino and Monaco, which have not been included in official annual HDI reports, were found to be at 0.961 and 0.956 respectively. This places both countries firmly within the category of countries with "Very high human development" as well. The dependent territories with HDI values equivalent to "Very high human development" were: Jersey, Cayman Islands, Bermuda, Guernsey, Gibraltar, Norfolk Island, Faroe Islands, Isle of Man, British Virgin Islands, Falkland Islands, Aruba, Puerto Rico, Martinique, Greenland, and Guam.[11] Of note, the HDI values in the 2009 report were calculated using the old HDI formula, while HDI values after the year 2010 are calculated with a different formula.
Other lists of developed countries[edit]
Some institutions have produced lists of developed countries: the UN (list shown above), the CIA,[12] and some providers of stock market indices (the FTSE Group, MSCI, S&P, Dow Jones, STOXX, etc.). The latter is not included here because its association of developed countries with countries with both high incomes and developed markets is not deemed as directly relevant.[why?][Note 3]
However many other institutions have created more general lists referred to when discussing developed countries. For example, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) identifies 39 "advanced economies".[7][13] The OECD's 35 members are known as the "developed countries club"[14][15][16] The World Bank identifies 78 "high income countries".[17]
World Bank high-income economies[edit]
Main article: World Bank high-income economy
World Bank high-income economies in 2016
According to the World Bank the following 78 countries (including territories) are classified as "high-income economies".[17] In parentheses are the year(s) during which they held such classification since classification began in 1987.[18]
Andorra (1990–)
Antigua and Barbuda (2002, 2005–2008, 2012–)
Aruba (1987–1990, 1994–)
Australia (1987–)
Austria (1987–)
The Bahamas (1987–)
Bahrain (1987–1989, 2001–)
Barbados (1989, 2000, 2002, 2006–)
Belgium (1987–)
Bermuda (1987–)
British Virgin Islands (2015–)
Brunei (1987, 1990–)
Canada (1987–)
Cayman Islands (1993–)
Channel Islands (1987–)
Chile (2012–)
Curaçao (1994–)b
Cyprus (1988–)
Czech Republic (2006–)
Denmark (1987–)
Estonia (2006–)
Faroe Islands (1987–)
Finland (1987–)
France (1987–)
French Polynesia (1990–)
Germany (1987–)
Gibraltar (2009–2010, 2015–)
Greece (1996–)
Greenland (1987–)
Guam (1987–1989, 1995–)
Hong Kong (1987–)
Hungary (2007–11, 2014–)
Iceland (1987–)
Ireland (1987–)
Isle of Man (1987–1989, 2002–)
Israel (1987–)
Italy (1987–)
Japan (1987–)
South Korea (1995–1997, 2001–)
Kuwait (1987–)
Latvia (2009, 2012–)
Liechtenstein (1994–)
Lithuania (2012–)
Luxembourg (1987–)
Macau (1994–)
Malta (1989, 1998, 2000, 2002–)
Monaco (1994–)
Netherlands (1987–)
New Caledonia (1995–)
New Zealand (1987–)
Northern Mariana Islands (1995–2001, 2007–)
Norway (1987–)
Oman (2007–)
Palau (2016–)
Poland (2009–)
Portugal (1994–)
Puerto Rico (1989, 2002–)
Qatar (1987–)
Saint Kitts and Nevis (2012–)
Saint Martin (2010–)
San Marino (1991–1993, 2000–)
Saudi Arabia (1987–1989, 2004–)
Seychelles (2014–)
Singapore (1987–)
Sint Maarten (1994–)b
Slovakia (2007–)
Slovenia (1997–)
Spain (1987–)
Sweden (1987–)
Switzerland (1987–)
Taiwan (1987–)
Trinidad and Tobago (2006–)
Turks and Caicos Islands (2009–)
United Arab Emirates (1987–)
United Kingdom (1987–)
United States (1987–)
Uruguay (2012–)
U.S. Virgin Islands (1987–)
IMF advanced economies[edit]
Countries described as Advanced Economies by the IMF
According to the International Monetary Fund, the following 39 economies are classified as "advanced economies":[7]
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hong Kong
Iceland
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macau
Malta
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Portugal
Puerto Rico
San Marino
Singapore
Slovakia
Slovenia
South Korea
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Taiwan
United Kingdom
United States
The CIA has modified an older version of the IMF's list of Advanced Economies, noting that the IMF's Advanced Economies list "would presumably also cover"[12] some smaller countries. These include:
See also: The World Factbook list of developed countries
Andorra
Bermuda
Faroe Islands
Guernsey
Holy See
Jersey
Liechtenstein
Monaco
High-income OECD members[edit]
There are 33 members in the High-income OECD category, as determined by the World Bank.[19][20] The High-income OECD membership is as follows:
25 countries in Europe:
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
3 countries in Asia:
Israel
Japan
South Korea
2 countries in North America:
Canada
United States
2 countries in Oceania:
Australia
New Zealand
1 country in South America:
Chile
Development Assistance Committee members[edit]
Member nations of the Development Assistance Committee
There are 29 OECD member countries and the European Union—in the Development Assistance Committee (DAC),[21] a group of the world's major donor countries that discuss issues surrounding development aid and poverty reduction in developing countries.[22] The following OECD member countries are DAC members:
23 countries wholly or partly in Europe:
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
2 countries in Asia:
Japan
South Korea
2 countries in North America:
Canada
United States
2 countries in Oceania:
Australia
New Zealand
Paris Club members[edit]
Permanent members of the Paris Club
There are 22 permanent members in the Paris Club (French: Club de Paris), a group of officials from major creditor countries whose role is to find coordinated and sustainable solutions to the payment difficulties experienced by debtor countries.
15 countries wholly or partly in Europe:
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Russia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
3 countries in Asia:
Israel
Japan
South Korea
2 countries in North America:
Canada
United States
1 country in Oceania:
Australia
1 country in South America:
Brazil
Disposable Income per capita (OECD)[edit]
The list below represents a national accounts derived indicator based on adjusted gross income, which is defined as "the balance of primary incomes of an institutional unit or sector by adding all current transfers, except social transfers in kind, receivable by that unit or sector and subtracting all current transfers, except social transfers in kind, payable by that unit or sector; it is the balancing item in the Secondary Distribution of Income Account" [23] "plus transfers in kind" received mainly from government, such as healthcare and education.[24] It is based on the national accounts, which follows a standardized accounting (System of National Accounts) so to allow for comparability. It is also not survey based, which avoids survey errors and underreporting. The following is published by the OECD and is presented in PPPs so to adjust for costs of living.
Rank
Country/Territory
2015 Per Capita (PPP$)[25]
1 United States 46,509
2 Switzerland 38,372
3 Norway 37,566
4 Australia 36,473
5 Germany 36,175
6 Austria 34,278
7 France 32,694
8 Belgium 31,968
9 Sweden 31,266
10 Finland 31,168
11 Canada 31,086
12 Denmark 30,475
13 Netherlands 30,442
14 Japan 30,376
15 United Kingdom 30,072
16 Italy 27,900
17 Ireland 26,593
18 Spain 24,381
19 Czech Republic 22,144
20 Portugal 22,092
21 Slovenia 22,091
22 South Korea 21,723
23 Slovakia 21,339
24 Estonia 19,442
25 Poland 19,363
26 Greece 18,644
27 Hungary 17,647
28 Turkey 16,870
29 Latvia 16,644
30 Mexico 14,502
See also[edit]
Developing country
Digital divide
First World
First World privilege
First World problem
Fourth World
Globalization
Least developed country
Multinational corporation
North-South divide
Second World
Third World
List of countries by wealth per adult
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ The official classification of "advanced economies" is originally made by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The IMF list doesn't deal with non-IMF members. The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) intends to follow IMF list but adds few economies which aren't dealt with by IMF due to their not being IMF members. By May 2001, the advanced country list of the CIA Archived 2008-04-09 at the Wayback Machine. was more comprehensive than the original IMF list. However, since May 2001, three additional countries (Cyprus, Malta and Slovenia) have been added to the original IMF list, thus leaving the CIA list not updated.
Jump up ^ Namely sovereign states, i.e., excluding Macau: In 2003, the government of Macau calculated its HDI as being 0.909 (the UN does not calculate Macau's HDI); In January 2007, the People's Daily Archived 2008-12-07 at the Wayback Machine. reported (from China Modernization Report 2007): "In 2004... Macau... had reached the level of developed countries". The UNCTAD Archived 2007-07-10 at the Wayback Machine. organisation (of the UN), as well as the CIA Archived 2008-04-09 at the Wayback Machine., classify Macau as a "developing" territory. The World Bank classifies Macau as a high income economy (along with developed economies as well as with few developing economies).
Jump up ^ The Developed Countries Glossary Archived 2014-12-20 at the Wayback Machine. entry reads: "The following countries are classified by FTSE as developed countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium/Luxembourg, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong (People's Republic of China), Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the United States."
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Developed Economy Definition Archived 2016-03-22 at the Wayback Machine.. Investopedia (2010-04-16). Retrieved 2013-07-12.
Jump up ^ IMF GDP data (October 2015) Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Gross domestic product, current prices & Gross domestic product based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) valuation of country GDP". World Economic Outlook Database, October 2015. International Monetary Fund. October 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-10-11. Retrieved 2015-10-15.
Jump up ^ Sachs, Jeffrey (2005). The End of Poverty. New York, New York: The Penguin Press. ISBN 1-59420-045-9.
Jump up ^ "Millennium Development Indicators: World and regional groupings". United Nations Statistics Division. 2003. Note b. Archived from the original on 10 February 2005. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49): Developed Regions". United Nations Statistics Division. Archived from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c IMF Advanced Economies List. World Economic Outlook, April 2016, p. 148 Archived 2016-04-21 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "Human Development Report 2016 – 'Human Development for Everyone'" (PDF). HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "2011中華民國人類發展指數 (HDI)" (PDF) (in Chinese). Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan, R.O.C. 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-12-26. Retrieved 2011-11-21.
Jump up ^ Macau in Figures, 2013 Archived 2013-10-24 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Filling Gaps in the Human Development Index Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine., United Nations ESCAP, February 2009
^ Jump up to: a b CIA (2008). "Appendix B. International Organizations and Groups". World Factbook. Archived from the original on 2008-04-09. Retrieved 2008-04-10.
Jump up ^ World Economic Outlook Archived 2016-04-21 at the Wayback Machine., International Monetary Fund, September 2011, p. 165.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-02-21. Retrieved 2009-01-25.
Jump up ^ Indiana Express Archived 2010-01-27 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Minutes of Forum #26:Global Strategy Series 2 - Japan as It Should Be (Outline) | Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan Archived 2007-10-30 at the Wayback Machine.. Esri.go.jp. Retrieved 2013-07-12.
^ Jump up to: a b Country and Lending Groups. Archived 2014-07-02 at the Wayback Machine. World Bank. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ "How does the World Bank classify countries?". World Bank. Archived from the original on 2016-07-02. Retrieved 2016-08-01.
Jump up ^ Country and Lending Groups | Data Archived 2011-03-18 at the Wayback Machine.. Data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2016-08-01.
Jump up ^ "Members and partners". OECD. Archived from the original on 29 July 2016. Retrieved 1 August 2016.
Jump up ^ Peer reviews of DAC members - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Archived 2013-05-27 at the Wayback Machine.. Oecd.org. Retrieved 2013-10-22.
Jump up ^ DAC website >> "The DAC in Dates" Archived 2010-02-15 at the Wayback Machine., On the DAC's self-description, see the introductory letter. On other events, refer to the relevant section by date.
Jump up ^ OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms - Disposable income Definition
Jump up ^ OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms - Adjusted disposable income Definition
Jump up ^ [1]
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