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Politics of New Zealand
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New Zealand
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
New Zealand
Constitution
The Crown[show]
Monarch
Elizabeth II
Governor-General
Patsy Reddy
Realm of New Zealand
Executive[show]
Executive Council
Cabinet (current)
Prime Minister: Jacinda Ardern
Public sector organisations
Legislature[show]
Parliament (current)
Queen-in-Parliament
House of Representatives
Speaker: Trevor Mallard
Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1947
Elections[show]
Political parties
Electorates
Electoral system
Electoral reform
Electoral Commission
Electoral Enrolment Centre
Recent elections
General: 2011
2014
2017
Local: 2010
2013
2016
Referendums
Judiciary[show]
Supreme Court
Chief Justice: Dame Sian Elias
Court of Appeal
President: Stephen Kós
High Court
District Court
Other Courts
Employment
Environment
Courts Martial Appeal
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The politics of New Zealand function within a framework of a unitary parliamentary representative democracy. New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy in which a hereditary monarch—since 6 February 1952, Queen Elizabeth II—is the sovereign and head of state.
Executive power in New Zealand is based on the principle that "The Queen reigns, but the government rules".[1] Although an integral part of the process of government, the Queen and her Governor-General remain politically neutral and are not involved in the everyday aspects of governing. Ministers are selected from among the democratically elected members of the New Zealand Parliament. Most ministers are members of Cabinet, which is the main decision-making body of the Government. The Prime Minister is the most senior minister, chair of the Cabinet, and thus head of government, holding office on commission from the Governor-General. The office of prime minister is, in practice, the most powerful political office in New Zealand. The Government is accountable to Parliament for its actions and policies.
The country has a multi-party system in which many of its legislative practices derive from the unwritten conventions of and precedents set by the United Kingdom's Westminster Parliament. However, New Zealand has evolved variations; minority governments are common and typically dependent on confidence and supply agreements with other parties. The two dominant political parties in New Zealand have historically been the Labour Party and the National Party (or its predecessors).
The Economist Intelligence Unit rated New Zealand as "full democracy" in 2016.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Constitution
2 Legislature
3 Executive
4 Judiciary
5 Local government
6 Elections and party politics
7 History
7.1 Colonial politics
7.2 Women in politics
7.3 Modern political history
8 See also
9 Footnotes
10 Citations
11 References
12 Further reading
13 External links
Constitution[edit]
Main article: Constitution of New Zealand
New Zealand has no formal codified constitution; the constitutional framework consists of a mixture of various documents (including certain acts of the United Kingdom and New Zealand Parliaments), the Treaty of Waitangi and constitutional conventions.[1] The Constitution Act in 1852 established the system of government and these were later consolidated in 1986. Constitutional rights are protected under common law and are strengthened by the Bill of Rights Act 1990 and Human Rights Act 1993, although these are not entrenched and can be overturned by Parliament with a simple majority.[3] The Constitution Act 1986 describes the three branches of government in New Zealand: the Executive (the Sovereign and Cabinet), the legislature (Parliament) and the judiciary (Courts).[4]
Legislature[edit]
Main article: New Zealand Parliament
See also: Elections in New Zealand and Electoral system of New Zealand
Parliament House is the home of the House of Representatives
Main office holders
Office
Name
Party
Since
Queen Elizabeth II 6 February 1952
Governor-General Dame Patsy Reddy 28 September 2016
Speaker of the House Trevor Mallard Labour 7 November 2017
Leader of the House Chris Hipkins Labour 26 October 2017
Parliament is responsible for passing laws (statutes), adopting the state's budgets, and exercising control of the Government.[5] It currently has a single chamber, the House of Representatives. Before 1951 there was a second chamber, the Legislative Council.[6] Suffrage is extended to everyone over the age of 18 years, women having gained the vote in 1893.[7] Members of Parliament are elected for a maximum term of three years, although an election may be called earlier in exceptional circumstances.[8] The House of Representatives meets in Parliament House, Wellington.[9]
Almost all parliamentary general elections between 1853 and 1996 were held under the first past the post (FPP) electoral system.[10] Under FPP the candidate in a given electorate that received the most votes was elected to parliament. The only deviation from the FPP system during this time occurred in the 1908 election when a second ballot system was tried.[10] Under this system the elections since 1935 have been dominated by two political parties, National and Labour.[10]
Criticism of the FPP system began in the 1950s and intensified after Labour lost the 1978 and 1981 elections despite having more overall votes than National.[11] An indicative (non-binding) referendum to change the voting system was held in 1992, which led to a binding referendum during the 1993 election.[11] As a result, New Zealand has used the mixed-member proportional (MMP) system since 1996.[12] Under MMP, each Member of Parliament is either elected by voters in a single-member constituency via FPP or appointed from party lists. Officially, the New Zealand parliament has 120 seats, however this sometimes differs due to overhangs and underhangs.
Several seats are reserved for members elected on a separate Māori roll. However, Māori may choose to vote in and to run for the non-reserved seats and for the party list (since 1996), and as a result many have now entered Parliament outside of the reserved seats.[13]
Executive[edit]
Main article: Government of New Zealand
The "Beehive" is the seat of the New Zealand Government
Main office holders
Office
Name
Party
Since
Queen Elizabeth II 6 February 1952
Governor-General Dame Patsy Reddy 28 September 2016
Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern Labour 26 October 2017
Jacinda Ardern, Prime Minister since October 2017
Queen Elizabeth II is New Zealand's sovereign and head of state.[14][4] The New Zealand monarchy has been distinct from the British monarchy since the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1947, and all Elizabeth II's official business in New Zealand is conducted in the name of the "Queen of New Zealand".[15][16] The Queen's role is largely ceremonial, and her residual powers—the "royal prerogative"—are mostly exercised through the government of the day. These include the power to enact legislation, to sign treaties and to declare war.[17]
Since the Queen is not usually resident in New Zealand, the functions of the monarchy are conducted by a representative, the Governor-General.[18] As of 2017[update], the Governor-General is Dame Patsy Reddy.[19] The Governor-General formally has the power to appoint and dismiss ministers and to dissolve Parliament; and the power to reject or sign bills into law by Royal Assent after passage by Parliament. The Governor-General chairs the Executive Council, which is a formal committee consisting of all ministers. Members of the Executive Council are required to be members of Parliament (MPs), and most are also in the Cabinet.[20]
Cabinet is the most senior policy-making body and is led by the Prime Minister, who is also, by convention, the parliamentary leader of the governing party or coalition. The Prime Minister, being the de facto leader of New Zealand, exercises executive functions that are formally vested in the monarch (by way of the royal prerogative powers).[21] Cabinet is directly responsible to the New Zealand Parliament, from which its members are derived; ministers are collectively responsible for all decisions made.[22]
The most recent general election, held in September 2017, saw Labour finish in second place but able to govern through a coalition with New Zealand First, and a confidence and supply agreement with the Green Party.[23] The Sixth Labour Government, led by Jacinda Ardern, was sworn in on 26 October 2017.[24]
The National Party forms the Official Opposition to the government.[23] The Leader of the Opposition is viewed as the leader of the "government-in-waiting".[25]
Judiciary[edit]
Main article: Judiciary of New Zealand
The Supreme Court building, Wellington
New Zealand has four levels of courts:
The Supreme Court of New Zealand,
The Court of Appeal,
The High Court, and
The District Court (including the Youth Court).[26]
The Supreme Court was established in 2004, under the Supreme Court Act 2003,[27] and replaced the Privy Council in London as New Zealand's court of last resort.[28] The High Court deals with serious criminal offences and civil matters, and hears appeals from subordinate courts. The Court of Appeal hears appeals from the High Court on points of law.[26]
The Chief Justice of New Zealand (the head of the New Zealand Judiciary) presides over the Supreme Court, and is appointed by the Governor-General on the advice of the Prime Minister. The incumbent is Dame Sian Elias.[29] All other superior court judges are appointed on the advice of the Chief Justice, the Attorney-General, and the Solicitor-General.[30] Judges and judicial officers are appointed non-politically and under strict rules regarding tenure to help maintain independence from the executive government.[31] Judges are appointed according to their qualifications, personal qualities, and relevant experience.[32] A judge may not be removed from office except by the Attorney-General upon an address of the House of Representatives (Parliament) for proved misbehaviour.[31]
New Zealand law has three principal sources: English common law, certain statutes of the United Kingdom Parliament enacted before 1947 (notably the Bill of Rights 1689), and statutes of the New Zealand Parliament.[33] In interpreting common law, the courts have endeavoured to preserve uniformity with common law as interpreted in the United Kingdom and related jurisdictions.[34]
Local government[edit]
Main article: Local government in New Zealand
New Zealand is a unitary state rather than a federation—regions are created by the authority of the central government, rather than the central government being created by the authority of the regions. Local government in New Zealand has only the powers conferred upon it by Parliament.[35] These powers have traditionally been distinctly fewer than in some other countries; for example, police and education are run by central government.[36]
Local elections are held every three years to elect the mayors, city and district councillors, community board members, and district health board members.[37]
Elections and party politics[edit]
Main articles: Elections in New Zealand and List of political parties in New Zealand
The first political party in New Zealand was founded in 1891, and its main rival was founded in 1909—New Zealand had a de facto two-party system from that point until a change of electoral system in 1996. Since then New Zealand has been a multi-party system, with at least five parties elected in every election since. No party has been able to govern without support from other groups since 1996, making coalition government standard.[38]
Historically the two largest, and oldest, parties are the Labour Party (centre-left, formed in 1916) and the National Party (centre-right, formed in 1936). Other parties represented in Parliament as of 2017[update] are ACT (right-wing, free-market), the Greens (left-wing, environmentalist) and New Zealand First (populist).
e • d Summary of the 23 September 2017 election result for the New Zealand House of Representatives[39]
Party
Votes
% of votes
Seats
%
Change
Electorate
List
Total
Change[a]
National 1,152,075 44.45 −2.59 41 15 56 −4
Labour 956,184 36.89 +11.76 29 17 46 +14
NZ First 186,706 7.20 −1.46 0 9 9 −2
Green 162,443 6.27 −4.43 0 8 8 −6
ACT 13,075 0.50 −0.19 1 0 1 0
Opportunities 63,260 2.44 +2.44[b] 0 0 0 0
Māori 30,580 1.18 −0.14 0 0 0 −2
Legalise Cannabis 8,075 0.31 −0.14 0 0 0 0
Conservative 6,253 0.24 −3.75 0 0 0 0
Mana 3,642 0.14 −1.28[c] 0 0 0 0
Ban 1080 3,005 0.12 −0.10 0 0 0 0
People's Party 1,890 0.07 +0.07[b] 0 0 0 0
United Future 1,782 0.07 −0.15 0 0 0 −1
Outdoors 1,620 0.06 +0.06[b] 0 0 0 0
Democrats 806 0.03 −0.04 0 0 0 0
Internet 499 0.02 −1.40[c] 0 0 0 0
total 2,591,896 100.00 71 49 120 −1[d]
Labour minority government[e] 1,305,333 50.36 +5.88 29 34 63 +6
Opposition parties 1,165,150 44.95 –2.27 42 15 57 −4
Party informal votes 10,793
Disallowed votes 27,484
Total votes cast 2,630,173
Turnout 79.8%
Total electorate 3,298,009
History[edit]
See also: History of voting in New Zealand
Prior to New Zealand becoming a British colony in 1840, politics in New Zealand was dominated by Māori chiefs as leaders of hapu and iwi, utilising Māori customs as a political system.[40]
Colonial politics[edit]
Manuscript copy of the Treaty of Waitangi (in Māori)
After the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi, a colonial Governor and his small staff acted on behalf of the British government based on the British political system.[41] Whereas Māori systems had dominated prior to 1840 governors attempting to introduce British systems met with mixed success in Māori communities. More isolated Māori were little influenced by the Government. Most influences were felt in and around Russell, the first capital, and Auckland, the second capital.
The first voting rights in New Zealand were legislated in 1852 as the New Zealand Constitution Act for the 1853 elections and reflected British practice.[41] Initially only property owners could vote, but by the late 1850s 75% of British males over 21 were eligible to vote compared to 20% in England and 12% in Scotland. Around 100 Māori chiefs voted in the 1853 election.[42]
During the 1850s provincial-based government was the norm. It was abolished in 1876.[41] Politics was initially dominated by conservative and wealthy "wool lords" who owned multiple sheep farms, mainly in Canterbury. During the gold rush era starting 1858 suffrage was extended to all British gold miners who owned a 1-pound mining license. The conservatives had been influenced by the militant action of gold miners in Victoria at Eureka. Many gold miners had moved to the New Zealand fields bringing their radical ideas. The extended franchise was modelled on the Victorian system. In 1863 the mining franchise was extended to goldfield business owners. By 1873 of the 41,500 registered voters 47% were gold field miners or owners.[citation needed]
After the brief Land War period ending in 1864, Parliament moved to extend the franchise to more Māori. Donald McLean introduced a bill for four temporary Māori electorates and extended the franchise to all Māori men over 21 in 1867. As such, Māori were universally franchised 12 years prior to European men.[43]
In 1879 an economic depression hit, resulting in poverty and many people, especially miners, returning to Australia. Between 1879 and 1881 Government was concerned at the activities of Māori activists based on confiscated land at Parihaka. Activists destroyed settlers farm fences and ploughed up roads and land[44] which incensed local farmers. Arrests followed but the activities persisted. Fears grew among settlers that the resistance campaign was a prelude to armed conflict.[45] The government itself was puzzled as to why the land had been confiscated and offered a huge 25,000 acre reserve to the activists, provided they stopped the destruction.[46] Commissioners set up to investigate the issue said that the activities "could fairly be called hostile".[46] A power struggle ensued resulting in the arrest of all the prominent leaders by a large government force in 1881. Historian Hazel Riseborough describes the event as a conflict over who had authority or mana-the Government or the Parihaka protestors.[47]
Richard Seddon's statue stands outside Parliament buildings in Wellington.
In 1882 the export of meat in the first refrigerated ship started a period of sustained economic export led growth. This period is notable for the influence of new social ideas and movements such as the Fabians and the creation in 1890 of the first political party, the Liberals. Their leader, former gold miner Richard Seddon from Lancashire, was Premier from 1893 to 1906. The Liberals introduced new taxes to break the influence of the wealthy conservative sheep farm owners. They also purchased more land from Māori.[48] In 1896 Maori made up 2.9% of the population but owned 15% of the land.[citation needed] Far more small farms and a new land owning class were created during this period.
Women in politics[edit]
Further information: Women's suffrage in New Zealand
Women's suffrage was granted after about two decades of campaigning by women such as Kate Sheppard and Mary Ann Müller and organisations such as the New Zealand branch of the Women's Christian Temperance Union. On 19 September 1893 the governor, Lord Glasgow, signed a new Electoral Act into law.[49] As a result, New Zealand became the first self-governing nation in the world in which all women had the right to vote in parliamentary elections.[7] Women first voted in the 1893 election, with a high 85% turnout (compared to 70% of men).[50]
Women were not eligible to be elected to the House of Representatives until 1919 though, when three women, including Ellen Melville stood. The first woman to win an election (to the seat held by her late husband) was Elizabeth McCombs in 1933.[49] Mabel Howard became the first female cabinet minister in 1947, being appointed to the First Labour Government.[51]
New Zealand was the first country in the world in which all the highest offices were occupied by women, between March 2005 and August 2006: the Sovereign Queen Elizabeth II of New Zealand, Governor-General Dame Silvia Cartwright, Prime Minister Helen Clark, Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives Margaret Wilson and Chief Justice Dame Sian Elias.[52]
Modern political history[edit]
See also: Governments of New Zealand
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The right-leaning National Party and the left-leaning Labour Party have dominated New Zealand political life since a Labour government came to power in 1935. During fourteen years in office (1935–1949), the Labour Party implemented a broad array of social and economic legislation, including comprehensive social security, a large scale public works programme, a forty-hour working week, a minimum basic wage, and compulsory unionism. The National Party won control of the government in 1949 and adopted many welfare measures instituted by the Labour Party. Except for two brief periods of Labour governments in 1957-1960 and 1972–1975, National held power until 1984.
After regaining control in 1984, the Labour government instituted a series of radical market-oriented reforms in response to New Zealand's mounting external debt. It also enacted anti-nuclear legislation that effectively brought about New Zealand's suspension from the ANZUS security alliance with the United States and Australia, and instituted a number of other more left-wing reforms, such as allowing the Waitangi Tribunal to hear claims of breaches of the Treaty of Waitangi to be made back to 1840, reinstituting compulsory unionism and creating new government agencies to implement a social and environmental reform agenda (women's affairs, youth affairs, Pacific Island affairs, consumer affairs, Minister for the Environment).
In October 1990, the National Party again formed a government, for the first of three three-year terms. In 1996, New Zealand inaugurated the new electoral system (mixed-member proportional representation) to elect its Parliament. The system was expected (among numerous other goals) to increase representation of smaller parties in Parliament and appears to have done so in the MMP elections to date. Since 1996, neither National nor Labour has had an absolute majority in Parliament, and for all but two of those years a minority government has ruled. In 1995 Georgina Beyer became the world's first openly transsexual mayor, and in 1999 she became the world's first openly transsexual Member of Parliament.
After nine years in office, the National Party lost the November 1999 election. Labour under Helen Clark out-polled National by 39% to 30% and formed a coalition, minority government with the left-wing Alliance. The government often relied on support from the Green Party to pass legislation.
The Labour Party retained power in the 27 July 2002 election, forming a coalition with Jim Anderton's new party, the Progressive Coalition, and reaching an agreement for support with the United Future party. Helen Clark remained Prime Minister.
Following the 2005 general election on 17 September 2005, negotiations between parties culminated in Helen Clark announcing a third consecutive term of Labour-led government. The Labour Party again formed a coalition with Jim Anderton's Progressive Party, with confidence and supply from Winston Peters' New Zealand First and Peter Dunne's United Future. Jim Anderton retained his Cabinet position; Winston Peters became Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of Racing and Associate Minister for Senior Citizens; Peter Dunne became Minister of Revenue and Associate Minister of Health. Neither Peters nor Dunne were in Cabinet.
After the general election in November 2008, the National Party moved quickly to form a minority government with the ACT Party, the Maori Party and United Future. This arrangement allowed National to decrease its reliance on the right-leaning ACT party, whose policies are sometimes controversial with the greater New Zealand public. In 2008, John Key became Prime Minister, with Bill English his deputy. This arrangement conformed to a tradition of having a north-south split in the major parties' leadership, as Key's residence is in Auckland and English's electorate is in the South Island. On 12 December 2016, English was elected Prime Minister by the National Party caucus after Key's unexpected resignation a week earlier. Paula Bennett (member for Upper Harbour) was elected Deputy Prime Minister, thus continuing the tradition.[53]
Following the 2017 general election National retained its plurality in the House of Representatives, while Labour greatly increased its proportion of the vote and number of seats. In a first under the MMP system, Labour formed a minority government after securing a coalition arrangement with New Zealand First. Jacinda Ardern, Labour leader, became Prime Minister, with Winston Peters becoming Deputy Prime Minister. The Labour government also has a confidence and supply agreement with the Green Party.[23]
See also[edit]
New Zealand portal
Politics portal
Contents of the United States diplomatic cables leak (New Zealand)
Christian politics in New Zealand
Foreign relations of New Zealand
List of New Zealand politicians
Māori politics
Footnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ Changes are relative to the 2014 election results; in 2015 National lost one seat and New Zealand First gained one due to the effects of the Northland by-election.
^ Jump up to: a b c New party
^ Jump up to: a b Contested the 2014 election as part of Internet Mana, which won 1.42% of the vote.
Jump up ^ Total reduced to 120 as an overhang occurred in the 2014 election but did not occur this time.
Jump up ^ Labour and NZ First coalition government, supported by the Green Party.
Citations[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "On the Constitution of New Zealand". The Governor-General of New Zealand Te Kawana Tianara o Aotearoa. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
Jump up ^ solutions, EIU digital. "Democracy Index 2016 - The Economist Intelligence Unit". www.eiu.com. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Wilson, John (March 2009). "Government and nation - The constitution". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 28 February 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Elizabeth II (13 December 1986), Constitution Act, 1986, 2.1, Wellington: Queen's Printer for New Zealand, retrieved 30 December 2009
Jump up ^ "The business of Parliament in history". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Legislative Council abolished". Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 1 December 2016. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Votes for Women". www.elections.org.nz. Electoral Commission New Zealand. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "The electoral cycle". Cabinet Manual. 2008. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Chamber". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "First past the post - the road to MMP". New Zealand History Online. September 2009. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "From FPP to MMP". Elections New Zealand. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
Jump up ^ Roberts, Nigel S. (February 2015). "Electoral systems". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Māori Representation". New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "New Zealand". The Royal Household. 22 December 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Boyce 2008, p. 172.
Jump up ^ Peaslee, Amos J. (1985). Constitutions of Nations (Rev. 4th ed.). Dordrecht: Nijhoff. p. 882. ISBN 9789024729050. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Cox, Noel (1 December 2007). "The Royal Prerogative in the Realms". Commonwealth Law Bulletin. pp. 611–638. doi:10.1080/03050710701814839. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Governor-General". Cabinet Manual. 2008. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "New Governor-General: Who is Dame Patsy Reddy?". New Zealand Herald. 22 March 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Executive Council". Cabinet Manual. Cabinet Office. 2008. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
Jump up ^ Cox, Noel (16 August 2010). "'The Royal Prerogative in the Realms' [2007] ALRS 7; (2007) 33(4) Commonwealth Law Bulletin 611-638". ALTA Law Research Series. Retrieved 30 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Eichbaum, Chris (20 June 2012). "Cabinet government - Collective responsibility". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Phipps, Claire (19 October 2017). "Jacinda Ardern is next prime minister of New Zealand, Winston Peters confirms – as it happened". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Walters, Laura (26 October 2017). "Jacinda Ardern's new government sworn in". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "People in Parliament". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Structure of the Court System: Overview". Courts of New Zealand. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Supreme Court Act 2003 No 53 (as at 01 March 2017), Public Act Contents". Parliamentary Counsel Office. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "History of court system". Courts of New Zealand. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Current Chief Justice". Courts of New Zealand. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Appointments". Courts of New Zealand. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Joseph, Philip A.; Joseph, Thomas (20 June 2012). "Judicial system - Judges". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Appointments". Courts of New Zealand. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "An Introduction to New Zealand Law & Sources of Legal Information - GlobaLex". New York University School of Law. April 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
Jump up ^ A. H. McLintock, ed. (18 September 2007) [1966]. "Law, History of". An Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Local government in New Zealand". Department of Internal Affairs. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "A guide to New Zealand's central government agencies" (PDF). New Zealand Government. 1 February 2015. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Local Electoral Act 2001 No 35 (as at 21 March 2017), Public Act 10 Triennial general election". Parliamentary Counsel Office. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Coalition and minority governments". Parliamentary Counsel Office. 23 November 1999. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Official Count Results -- Overall Status". Electoral Commission. 23 September 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Ballara, Angela (1998). Iwi: The Dynamics of Māori Tribal Organisation from C.1769 to C.1945 (1st ed.). Wellington: Victoria University Press. ISBN 9780864733283.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Political and constitutional timeline". Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 4 November 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Setting up the Māori seats". Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 28 November 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Atkinson, Neill (17 February 2015). "Voting rights". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Cowan J.NZ Wars.Vol 2. p 478.
Jump up ^ King,Michael. The Penguin History of New Zealand. Ch 15. Penguin. 2003.
^ Jump up to: a b Riseborogh 2002, pp. 95,98,111.
Jump up ^ Riseborogh 2002, p. 212.
Jump up ^ Hamer, David. "Seddon, Richard John". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Women and the vote - Brief history". Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 13 January 2016. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Women, the vote and the 1893 election". www.parliament.nz. New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Mabel Howard becomes first female Cabinet minister". Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 21 December 2016. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Collins, Simon (May 2005). "Women run the country but it doesn't show in pay packets". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Bill English is NZ's new Prime Minister, Paula Bennett new Deputy". The Sydney Morning Herald. 12 December 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
References[edit]
Boyce, Peter John (2008). The Queen's Other Realms: The Crown and Its Legacy in Australia, Canada and New Zealand. Federation Press. ISBN 9781862877009.
Riseborough, Hazel (2002). Days of Darkness (2nd ed.). Auckland: Penguin Books.
Miller, Raymond (2009). New Zealand government and politics (5th ed.). South Melbourne, Vic.: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-195-58509-4.
Mulgan, Richard (2004). Politics in New Zealand (3rd ed.). Auckland: Auckland University Press. ISBN 978-1-869-40318-8.
Further reading[edit]
Palmer, Geoffrey; Palmer, Matthew (2004). Bridled Power: New Zealand's Constitution and Government (4th ed.). South Melbourne, Vic. [u.a.]: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-195-58463-9.
External links[edit]
Politics and Government at New Zealand history Online
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Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee
Genre
Talk show
Comedy
Created by
Jerry Seinfeld
Directed by
Jerry Seinfeld
Starring
Jerry Seinfeld
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
9
No. of episodes
60 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Jerry Seinfeld
Running time
6–23 minutes
Distributor
Sony Pictures Television
Release
Original network
Crackle (2012–17)
Netflix (2018)[1]
Picture format
16:9 HDTV
Original release
July 19, 2012 (2012-07-19) – present
Chronology
Related shows
Seinfeld
External links
Website
Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee is an American web series talk show directed and hosted by comedian Jerry Seinfeld, distributed for the first nine seasons by digital network Crackle, then moving to Netflix for season ten (2018). The series premiered on July 19, 2012.
Episodes feature Seinfeld introducing a vintage car selected for a guest comedian, followed by a drive to a pre-selected café or restaurant for coffee. Episodes diverge from the format spontaneously, as when Michael Richards implores Seinfeld to take a side street, when Seinfeld returns after coffee with Carl Reiner to join him for dinner with Mel Brooks—or when car trouble arises. As of May 2015, the series had been streamed nearly 100 million times.[2]
The show's ninth season premiered on January 5, 2017. That same month it was announced that the series would migrate from Crackle to Netflix, with the ninth season being the final one to premiere on Crackle.[3] Twenty-four new episodes will stream on Netflix in 2018, with most of the previous episodes becoming available on the streaming service starting on January 5, 2018—the episode with Louis C.K. was not included in the collection until January 10th, and the episode with Jason Alexander in character as George Costanza was not included.[1] The previous episodes were repackaged into four "collections" for Netflix, reordering the episodes and removing the product placement spots.
Contents
[hide]
1 Production
1.1 Development
1.2 Format
2 Episodes
2.1 Season 1 (2012)
2.2 Season 2 (2013)
2.3 Season 3 (2014)
2.4 Season 4 (2014)
2.5 Season 5 (2014)
2.6 Season 6 (2015)
2.7 Season 7 (2015–16)
2.8 Season 8 (2016)
2.9 Season 9 (2017)
2.10 Season 10 (2018)
2.11 Unaired episodes
3 Reception
4 Awards and nominations
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
Seinfeld has stated that the roots of the concept traced to a DVD extra he made for his 2002 documentary Comedian along with a later trip he made after purchasing an old VW Beetle in New Mexico, subsequently filming the return trip to the east coast with a friend.[4] Later describing the birth of the series Seinfeld said the series birth was "an experiment"[5]—as "kind of a guess."[6]
Prior to development of the series, Seinfeld was told by leading social network advisers, including those at Facebook and Yahoo, that a show length exceeding five minutes had little chance of success on the web.[7] Howard Schultz, coffee magnate and Chairman of Starbucks, turned down the opportunity to sponsor the show.[7] Acura eventually sponsored the show, giving Seinfeld creative license with creating the commercials and product placements.[7]
Format[edit]
Episodes are estimated to cost roughly $100,000,[5] with guests being paid in cash and the initial raw shoot lasting on average three-and-a-half hours,[5] which is then edited over a two-week period down to a 12–20 minute episode.[5] The process uses a lean production staff,[5] involves a minimum of network interaction,[5] and is designed as an edited and unscripted talk show without an audience that can be comfortably watched on a smart phone.[5]
The show's format around the car drive and "movement," specifically because "when attempting to show the meandering, silly and sometimes deep conversations that comedians share, you have to remove the audience to keep the participants from dropping into their acts,"[5] adding that "part of what makes the show watchable is that it's always moving. There's no narrative [to] drive the story. We know what happens. We know they're going to get coffee. You need a kinetic energy to move it along, moving people around keeps them awake."[5]
Bob Einstein became the first repeat guest on the show, appearing in the first season and again in the ninth season. Jimmy Fallon's appearance in the fifth season was split into two episodes. Several episodes have featured multiple guests appearing together including: Carl Reiner and Mel Brooks, Colin Quinn and Mario Joyner, and Kathleen Madigan and Chuck Martin. Colleen Ballinger appeared in-character as Miranda Sings as a guest on an episode, and Jason Alexander reprised the role of George Costanza from Seinfeld for an episode.
Episodes[edit]
Season
Episodes
Originally released
First released
Last released
Network
1 10 July 19, 2012 (2012-07-19) September 27, 2012 (2012-09-27) Crackle
2 6 June 13, 2013 (2013-06-13) July 18, 2013 (2013-07-18)
3 7 January 2, 2014 (2014-01-02) February 6, 2014 (2014-02-06)
4 5 June 19, 2014 (2014-06-19) July 17, 2014 (2014-07-17)
5 8 November 6, 2014 (2014-11-06) December 18, 2014 (2014-12-18)
6 6 June 3, 2015 (2015-06-03) July 8, 2015 (2015-07-08)
7 6 December 30, 2015 (2015-12-30) February 3, 2016 (2016-02-03)
8 6 June 16, 2016 (2016-06-16) July 21, 2016 (2016-07-21)
9 6 January 5, 2017 (2017-01-05) February 9, 2017 (2017-02-09)
Season 1 (2012)[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Guests
Car models
Restaurants
Release date
No. Netflix
1
1 "Larry Eats a Pancake" Larry David 1952 Volkswagen Beetle John O'Groats, Los Angeles, CA July 19, 2012 (2012-07-19) C4.6
2
2 "Mad Man in a Death Machine" Ricky Gervais 1967 Austin-Healey 3000 City Island Diner, City Island, NY August 2, 2012 (2012-08-02) C1.14
3
3 "A Monkey and a Lava Lamp" Brian Regan 1970 Dodge Challenger T/A Rae's Diner, Santa Monica, CA August 9, 2012 (2012-08-09) C3.13
4
4 "Just a Lazy Shiftless Bastard" Alec Baldwin 1970 Mercedes-Benz 280 SL Fairway Market Café, New York City, NY August 16, 2012 (2012-08-16) C1.4
5
5 "A Taste of Hell From on High" Joel Hodgson 1963 Volkswagen Karmann Ghia Skylark Diner, Edison, NJ August 23, 2012 (2012-08-23) C1.19
6
6 "Unusable on the Internet" Bob Einstein 1970 Mercedes-Benz 300SEL 6.3 Jerry's Deli, Studio City, CA
Nate 'n Al's, Beverly Hills, CA August 30, 2012 (2012-08-30) C4.10
7
7 "You Don't Want to Offend a Cannibal" Barry Marder 1966 Porsche 356 SC Cabriolet Bendix Diner, Hasbrouck Heights, NJ September 6, 2012 (2012-09-06) C3.16
8
8 "I Hear Downtown Abbey Is Pretty Good..." Colin Quinn & Mario Joyner 1976 Triumph TR6 Fort Defiance Café, Brooklyn, NY September 13, 2012 (2012-09-13) C4.9
9
9 "I Want Sandwiches, I Want Chicken" Carl Reiner & Mel Brooks 1960 Rolls-Royce Silver Cloud II
1970 Porsche 911 S Norm's Diner, Los Angeles, CA
Nate 'n Al's, Beverly Hills, CA September 20, 2012 (2012-09-20) C2.5
10
10 "It's Bubbly Time, Jerry" Michael Richards 1962 Volkswagen Double Cab Pickup The Malibu Kitchen, Malibu, CA September 27, 2012 (2012-09-27) C1.17
Season 2 (2013)[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Guests
Car models
Restaurants
Release date
No. Netflix
11
1 "I'm Going to Change Your Life Forever" Sarah Silverman 1969 Jaguar E-Type Series 2 Millie's, Silver Lake, Los Angeles, CA June 13, 2013 (2013-06-13) C4.2
12
2 "I Like Kettlecorn" David Letterman 1995 Volvo 960 station wagon Green Granary, New Milford, CT June 20, 2013 (2013-06-20) C2.9
13
3 "No Lipsticks for Nuns" Gad Elmaleh 1950 Citroën 2CV Pommes Frites, French Roast, New York City, NY June 27, 2013 (2013-06-27) C4.4
14
4 "You'll Never Play the Copa" Don Rickles 1958 Cadillac Eldorado Factor's Famous Deli, Los Angeles, CA July 4, 2013 (2013-07-04) C2.7
15
5 "Really?!" Seth Meyers 1973 Porsche 911 Carrera RS Roebling Tea Room, Brooklyn, NY July 11, 2013 (2013-07-11) C1.15
16
6 "Kids Need Bullying" Chris Rock 1969 Lamborghini Miura P400S Allendale Eats!, Allendale, NJ July 18, 2013 (2013-07-18) C1.10
Season 3 (2014)[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Guests
Car models
Restaurants
Release date
No. Netflix
17
1 "Comedy, Sex and the Blue Numbers" Louis C.K. 1959 Fiat 600 Jolly Louis C.K.'s personal boat, New York City, NY January 2, 2014 (2014-01-02) C4.11
The episode was not initially included when the series debuted on Netflix on January 5, 2018. It was re-added as part of the collection on January 10, 2018.
18
2 "How Would You Kill Superman?" Patton Oswalt 1981 DeLorean DMC-12 Handsome Coffee Roasters, Los Angeles, CA January 9, 2014 (2014-01-09) C3.5
19
3 "Comedy Is a Concealed Weapon" Jay Leno 1949 Porsche 356/2 Jones Coffee, Pasadena, CA January 16, 2014 (2014-01-16) C3.6
20
4 "So You're Mellow and Tense?" Todd Barry 1966 MGB Nathan's Famous, New York City, NY January 23, 2014 (2014-01-23) C3.15
21
5 "Feces Are My Purview" Tina Fey 1967 Volvo 1800S Floridita, Harlem, New York City, NY
Dominique Ansel Bakery, SoHo, New York City, NY January 30, 2014 (2014-01-30) C1.12
22
6 "The Over-Cheer" George Costanza
Newman 1976 AMC Pacer Tom's Restaurant, New York City, NY February 2, 2014 (2014-02-02) TBA
Jerry and George Costanza (Jason Alexander, reprising his role from Seinfeld) have coffee and chat about proper etiquette for attending a Super Bowl party before running into Newman (Wayne Knight). The episode was written by Seinfeld and Larry David and directed by David.[8] A 90-second version of the episode aired on Fox before its Super Bowl XLVIII halftime coverage.[8] This episode was excluded from the Netflix collections in 2018.
23
7 "The Last Days of Howard Stern" Howard Stern 1969 Pontiac GTO Bel Aire Diner, Astoria, NY February 6, 2014 (2014-02-06) C2.4
Season 4 (2014)[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Guests
Car models
Restaurants
Release date
No. Netflix
24
1 "A Little Hyper-Aware" Sarah Jessica Parker 1976 Ford LTD Country Squire Colony Diner, East Meadow, NY
Francesco's Bakery, Hicksville, NY June 19, 2014 (2014-06-19) C1.6
25
2 "Two Polish Airline Pilots" George Wallace 1965 Buick Riviera Flamingo & Peppermill Fireside Lounge, Las Vegas, NV June 26, 2014 (2014-06-26) C4.13
26
3 "Opera Pimp" Robert Klein 1967 Jaguar Mark 2 Klein's home and Landmark Diner, Ossining, New York July 3, 2014 (2014-07-03) C3.14
27
4 "It's Like Pushing a Building Off a Cliff" Aziz Ansari 2012 Prevost Car X3-45 VIP Brody's Diner, Shrewsbury, MA July 10, 2014 (2014-07-10) C1.13
28
5 "The Sound of Virginity" Jon Stewart 1978 AMC Gremlin
1968 AMC AMX Tick Tock Diner, Clifton, NJ July 17, 2014 (2014-07-17) C3.4
Season 5 (2014)[edit]
A serialized yet separated storyline started in this season, featuring Michael Richards as Crackle President Dick Corcoran. Joan Rivers had been asked by Seinfeld to be the fifth season's first guest, however she postponed the appearance due to a scheduled medical procedure.[9] Rivers died as a result of that procedure.
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Guests
Car models
Restaurants
Release date
No. Netflix
29
1 "You Look Amazing in the Wind" Kevin Hart 1959 Porsche RSK Spyder 212 Pier, Santa Monica, CA November 6, 2014 (2014-11-06) C2.2
30
2 "I'm Wondering What It's Like to Date Me" Amy Schumer 1971 Ferrari Daytona 365 GTB/4 Short Stop Diner, Bronx, NY November 13, 2014 (2014-11-13) C3.1
31
3 "Smoking Past the Band" Bill Burr 1970 Ford Mustang Boss 302 Novel Cafe, Santa Monica, CA November 20, 2014 (2014-11-20) C4.3
32
4 "Happy Thanksgiving Miranda" Miranda Sings 1960 Austin-Healey Sprite Art's Delicatessen Restaurant[10] Studio City, California November 27, 2014 (2014-11-27) C4.5
33
5 "I Wasn't Told About This... with Special Feature: I’m Dying, Jerry" Fred Armisen 1965 Saab 96 Monte Carlo 850 Coava Coffee Roasters, Portland, Oregon December 4, 2014 (2014-12-04) C3.8
34
6 "I'm Going to Take a Percocet and Let That One Go" Ali Wentworth 1970 Mercedes-Benz 280 SE Convertible Fiddler's Elbow Country Club, Bedminster, New Jersey December 11, 2014 (2014-12-11) C1.20
35/36
7/8 "The Unsinkable Legend — Part 1 & Part 2" Jimmy Fallon 1956 Chevrolet Corvette
1994 Land Rover Defender 90 John's Pancake House, Montauk, NY December 18, 2014 (2014-12-18) C1.2/C1.3
Released in two parts on both Crackle[11] and Netflix.
Season 6 (2015)[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Guests
Car models
Restaurants
Release date
No. Netflix
37
1 "I'll Go If I Don't Have to Talk" Julia Louis-Dreyfus 1964 Aston Martin DB5 Caffe Luxxe & Art's Table, Santa Monica, CA June 3, 2015 (2015-06-03) C2.6
38
2 "Always Do the Banana Joke First" Steve Harvey 1957 Chevrolet Bel Air Manny's Cafeteria & Biggs Mansion, Chicago, IL June 10, 2015 (2015-06-10) C3.2
39
3 "We Love Breathing What You're Burning, Baby" Jim Carrey 1976 Lamborghini Countach Killer Cafe, Marina Del Rey, CA June 17, 2015 (2015-06-17) C1.1
40
4 "The Comedy Team of Smug and Arrogant" Bill Maher 1979 Volkswagen Beetle Brite Spot, Echo Park, Los Angeles, CA June 24, 2015 (2015-06-24) C4.1
41
5 "That's the Whole Point of Apartheid, Jerry" Trevor Noah 1985 Ferrari 308 GTBi One Girl Cookies, Brooklyn, NY July 1, 2015 (2015-07-01) C1.7
42
6 "Cut Up and Bloody but Looking Good" Stephen Colbert 1964 Morgan +4 Bluestone Coffee Co., Montclair, NJ July 8, 2015 (2015-07-08) C1.5
Season 7 (2015–16)[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Guests
Car models
Restaurants
Release date
No. Netflix
43
1 "Just Tell Him You're the President" Barack Obama 1963 Corvette Sting Ray Staff dining room of the White House, Washington, D.C. December 30, 2015 (2015-12-30) C2.1
44
2 "If You See This on a Toilet Seat, Don't Sit Down" Steve Martin 1954 Siata 8V
1966 Ford Mustang Pleasantville Diner, Pleasantville, NY January 6, 2016 (2016-01-06) C3.3
45
3 "Stroked Out on a Hot Machine" Kathleen Madigan & Chuck Martin 1972 BMW 2002 Alfred Coffee, Los Angeles, CA January 13, 2016 (2016-01-13) C4.12
46
4 "It's Great That Garry Shandling Is Still Alive" Garry Shandling 1979 Porsche 930 Turbo Du-Par's Restaurant & Bakery, Studio City, CA January 20, 2016 (2016-01-20) C3.9
47
5 "I Don't Think That's Bestiality" Sebastian Maniscalco 1969 Chevrolet Camaro Z28 Intelligentsia Coffee & The Tasting Kitchen, Venice, CA January 27, 2016 (2016-01-27) C4.7
48
6 "Mr. Ferrell, For the Last Time, We're Going to Ask You to Put the Cigar Out" Will Ferrell 1970 Plymouth Superbird Med Cafe, Marina del Rey, CA February 3, 2016 (2016-02-03) C2.3
Season 8 (2016)[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Guests
Car models
Restaurants
Release date
No. Netflix
49
1 "Stick Around for the Pope" Jim Gaffigan 1977 Volkswagen Westfalia Camper Second Avenue Deli, Manhattan, NY June 16, 2016 (2016-06-16) C3.7
50
2 "You Can Go Cho Again" Margaret Cho 1967 Mazda Cosmo Highland Cafe, Los Angeles, CA June 23, 2016 (2016-06-23) C3.11
51
3 "Escape from Syosset" Judd Apatow 1968 Pontiac Firebird 400 101 Coffee Shop, Los Angeles, CA June 30, 2016 (2016-06-30) C2.8
52
4 "Everybody Respects a Bloody Nose" J. B. Smoove 1964 Studebaker Avanti 10 Speed Coffee, Los Angeles, CA July 7, 2016 (2016-07-07) C1.18
53
5 "Everybody Likes to See the Monkeys" Lorne Michaels 1955 Mercedes-Benz 300 SL Gullwing The Monkey Bar, New York City, NY July 14, 2016 (2016-07-14) C3.12
54
6 "What Kind of Human Animal Would Do This?" John Oliver 1959 Triumph TR3 Allswell, Brooklyn, NY July 21, 2016 (2016-07-21) C1.9
Season 9 (2017)[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Guests
Car models
Restaurants
Release date
No. Netflix
55
1 "The Volvo-ness" Kristen Wiig 1964 Volvo 122S Amazon House of Pies, Los Angeles, CA January 5, 2017 (2017-01-05) C1.8
56
2 "A Rusty Car in the Rain" Norm Macdonald 1958 Porsche 356A Jackson Hole Diner, East Elmhurst, NY January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12) C1.16
57
3 "Dictators, Comics, and Preachers" Cedric the Entertainer 1958 Bentley S1 The Butcher's Daughter, New York City, NY January 19, 2017 (2017-01-19) C3.10
58
4 "At What Point Am I Out from Under?" Lewis Black 1967 Cadillac Eldorado Junior's, Downtown Brooklyn, NY January 26, 2017 (2017-01-26) C4.8
59
5 "Champagne, Cigars, and Pancake Batter" Christoph Waltz 1957 BMW 507 Series II IHOP, Torrance, CA February 2, 2017 (2017-02-02) C1.11
60
6 "It's Not So Funny When It's Your Mother" Bob Einstein 2017 Acura NSX Urth Caffé, Los Angeles, CA February 9, 2017 (2017-02-09) C4.14
Season 10 (2018)[edit]
Guests appearing in season 10 include Dave Chappelle,[12] Kate McKinnon,[13] Tracy Morgan,[14] Hasan Minhaj,[15] Dana Carvey,[16] and Ellen DeGeneres.[17]
Unaired episodes[edit]
Seinfeld revealed on August 21, 2017 on Facebook and Instagram that he recorded an episode with Jerry Lewis in Las Vegas, "As I've said many times, if you don't get Jerry Lewis, you don’t understand comedy. Spending an afternoon with him a couple of months ago in Vegas for Comedians in Cars was a comedy life moment for me."[18][19][20][21][22][23]
Reception[edit]
Brian Lowry of Variety said the series is the kind of short-form concept that feels stretched even at 18 minutes.[24] David Hinckley of The New York Daily News gave the series 3 out of 5 stars.[25] Mike Hale of The New York Times said: "The [series' segments]... are presented in a clean, elegant template with a studiously casual pencil-drawn logo. And the filming and editing are, if you break them down, impressively complex and artful for a Web series."[26]
The New York Times's Anand Giridharadas critiqued the show as being out of touch with the everyman, and more of a showcase of Seinfeld's wealth. Giridharadas wrote: "The democracy of observational humor has become, in Mr. Seinfeld's reincarnation, an oligarchy of mutual admiration".[27] Other publications have been more positive in their opinion. The New York Daily News wrote of the show's format and first three seasons that, "It all sounds random, which it is, and trivial, which it is and isn’t. In the end, the fun is contagious."[28] Newsday then graded season four of the series with an "A".[29]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Recipients
Result
2013 Primetime Emmy Award[30] Outstanding Special Class – Short-Format Nonfiction Program Jerry Seinfeld Nominated
2014 Primetime Emmy Award[30] Outstanding Short-Format Nonfiction Program Jerry Seinfeld Nominated
2015 Producers Guild of America Award[31] Outstanding Digital Series Won
2016 Producers Guild of America Award[32] Outstanding Digital Series Won
2016 Primetime Emmy Award[30] Outstanding Variety Talk Series Jerry Seinfeld, Melissa Miller, Tammy Johnston, Denis Jensen, George Shapiro, Howard West Nominated
See also[edit]
Carpool – similar web series hosted by English actor and comedian Robert Llewellyn
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Andreeva, Nellie (January 17, 2017). "Comedians In Cars Getting Coffee' Moves To Netflix As Part Of Big Jerry Seinfeld Deal That Includes Specials & Series". Deadline.com. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Itzkoff, Dave (May 27, 2015). "Jerry Seinfeld, Online Force". The New York Times. Retrieved June 1, 2015.
Jump up ^ Maglio, Tony (January 17, 2017). "Netflix Nabs 'Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee,' 2 New Jerry Seinfeld Stand-Up Specials". The Wrap. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Jerry Seinfeld Opens Up About 'Comedians In Cars Getting Coffee': 'This Is Just What We Like To Do'". Huffington Post, Katla Mcglynn, 10/07/2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "Seinfeld Schools Letterman On 'Comedians In Cars,' A.K.A. The 'Anti-Show About A Nonevent'". Huffington Post, Kate McGlyn, 06/12/2014.
Jump up ^ "How Jerry Seinfeld Defied the Odds and Won the Internet". Huffington Post, Danny Groner, 08/10/2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c "3 Content Tips From "Comedians In Cars Getting Coffee"". Huffington Post, Blake Landau, 11/18/2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Carter, Bill (February 2, 2014). "Halftime Brings a Much-Anticipated 'Seinfeld' Reunion". The New York Times. Retrieved February 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ Hutchinson, Bill (September 15, 2014). "Jerry Seinfeld reveals he wanted to start new season of 'Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee' with Joan Rivers". Daily News. Retrieved September 26, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Art's Delicatessen & Restaurant". Studio City, CA: Yelp. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
Jump up ^ ComediansInCarsGettingCoffee.com - Archive of website from December 19, 2014
Jump up ^ RAL2274 on Twitter
Jump up ^ UpdateMcKinnon on Twitter
Jump up ^ MikeGarafolo on Twitter
Jump up ^ "Jerry Seinfeld films at Hastings Center Restaurant". lohud.com. Retrieved 2018-01-18.
Jump up ^ TheEllenShow (2018-03-12), Dana Carvey Shows Off His 'Micro Impressions', retrieved 2018-04-16
Jump up ^ https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jerry-seinfeld-debuts-first-look-at-ellen-degeneres-comedians-cars-episode-1084242
Jump up ^ https://www.gq.com/story/jerry-seinfeld-does-not-regret-naming-his-character-jerry-seinfeld
Jump up ^ http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/jerry-seinfeld-filmed-comedians-cars-jerry-lewis-article-1.3430491
Jump up ^ https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/jerry-seinfeld-reveals-jerry-lewis-225742019.html
Jump up ^ http://www.etonline.com/jerry-seinfeld-reveals-jerry-lewis-joined-him-comedians-cars-he-died-cause-death-revealed-85784
Jump up ^ https://variety.com/2017/tv/news/seinfeld-ditches-crackle-for-netflix-1201961933/
Jump up ^ http://www.sonypictures.com/tv/comediansincarsgettingcoffee/
Jump up ^ "Review: 'Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee'". Variety. June 12, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
Jump up ^ "'Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee,' TV review". The New York Daily News. June 13, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
Jump up ^ "So These Comics Drive to a Diner and Drink Coffee". The New York Times. August 3, 2012. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
Jump up ^ Giridharadas, Anand (2014-04-15). "Seinfeld, His Show, and Inequality". The New York Times. Retrieved 2015-04-04.
Jump up ^ "'Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee': Television review". New York Daily News. June 19, 2014. Retrieved May 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ VERNE GAY. "'Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee' Season 4 review — Newsday". Newsday.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee". Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Documentary Motion Picture, TV Series/Specials and Digital Series Nominees Announced for 2015 Awards". Producers Guild of America. December 1, 2014. Retrieved December 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (January 23, 2016). "PGA Awards: 'The Big Short' Wins Top Film Prize; 'Game Of Thrones' Takes Drama; 'Transparent' Nabs Comedy". Deadline.com. Retrieved January 26, 2016.
External links[edit]
Official website
Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee on IMDb
Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee on TV.com
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Dog and pony show
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other uses, see Dog and pony show (disambiguation).
Advertisement for Prof. Gentry's Dog and Pony Show, 1900
"Dog and pony show" is a colloquial term which has come to mean a highly promoted, often over-staged performance, presentation, or event designed to sway or convince opinion for political, or less often, commercial ends. Typically, the term is used in a pejorative sense to connote disdain, jocular lack of appreciation, or distrust of the message being presented or the efforts undertaken to present it.[1]
Origins[edit]
The term was originally used in the United States in the late-19th and early-20th centuries to refer to small traveling circuses that toured through small towns and rural areas. The name derives from the common use of performing dogs and ponies as the main attractions of the events.[2] Performances were generally held in open-air arenas, such as race tracks or public spaces in localities that were too small or remote to attract larger, more elaborate performers or performances. The most notorious was “Prof. Gentry's Famous Dog & Pony Show,” started when teenager Henry Gentry and his brothers started touring in 1886 with their act, originally entitled “Gentry’s Equine and Canine Paradox.” It started small, but evolved into a full circus show.[3] Other early dog and pony shows included Morris’ Equine and Canine Paradoxes (1883) and Hurlburt’s Dog and Pony Show (late 1880s).[citation needed]
By the latter part of the 20th century, the original meaning of the term had been largely lost.[citation needed]
See also[edit]
Medicine show
Footnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ Cabana, Paul (January 31, 2001). "The Dog and Pony Show Must Go On!". Fast Company. Archived from the original on May 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Dog and Pony Show". Simply Circus / CircusNews.com. Archived from the original on 2015-02-18.
Jump up ^ "Circus: Gentry Bros. Shows, 1887-1922". The Circus In America 1793-1940. Archived from the original on 2010-12-25.
This United States–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dog_and_pony_show&oldid=818065541"
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