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Goods and Services Tax (India)
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This article is about the tax. For legislation, see One Hundred and First Amendment of the Constitution of India.
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Goods and Service Tax (GST) is an indirect tax (or consumption tax} levied in India on the sale of goods and services. GST is levied at every step in the production process, but is refunded to all parties in the chain of production other than the final consumer.
Goods and services are divided into five tax slabs for collection of tax - 0%, 5%, 12%,18% and 28%. Petroleum products and alcoholic drinks are taxed separately by the individual state governments. There is a special rate of 0.25% on rough precious and semi-precious stones and 3% on gold.[1] In addition a cess of 22% or other rates on top of 28% GST applies on few items like aerated drinks, luxury cars and tobacco products.[2] Pre-GST, the statutory tax rate for most goods was about 26.5%, Post-GST, most goods are expected to be in the 18% tax range.
The tax came into effect from July 1, 2017 through the implementation of One Hundred and First Amendment of the Constitution of India by the Modi government. The tax replaced existing multiple cascading taxes levied by the central and state governments.
The tax rates, rules and regulations are governed by the GST Council which comprises finance ministers of centre and all the states. GST simplified a slew of indirect taxes with a unified tax and is therefore expected to dramatically reshape the country's 2.4 trillion dollar economy.[3] Trucks travel time in interstate movement dropped by 20%, because of no interstate check posts.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Formation
1.2 Launch
1.3 Collections
1.4 Returns
2 Taxation scheme
2.1 Taxes subsumed
2.2 HSN code in GST
2.3 Rates
2.4 e-Way Bill
2.4.1 Intra-State e-Way Bill
2.5 Reverse Charge Mechanism
2.6 Goods Kept Outside the GST
3 GST Council
4 Goods and Services Tax Network (GSTN)
4.1 GSTN stockholders
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
Formation[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The reform process of India's indirect tax regime was started in 1986 by Sanjeet Singh, Finance Minister in Rajiv Gandhi’s government, with the introduction of the Modified Value Added Tax (MODVAT). Subsequently, Prime Minister P V Narasimha Rao and his Finance Minister Manmohan Singh, initiated early discussions on a Value Added Tax (VAT) at the state level.[5] A single common "Goods and Services Tax (GST)" was proposed and given a go-ahead in 1999 during a meeting between the Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee and his economic advisory panel, which included three former RBI governors IG Patel, Bimal Jalan and C Rangarajan. Vajpayee set up a committee headed by the Finance Minister of West Bengal, Asim Dasgupta to design a GST model.[6]
The Ravi Dasgupta committee was also tasked with putting in place the back-end technology and logistics (later came to be known as the GST Network, or GSTN, in 2017) for rolling out a uniform taxation regime in the country. In 2002, the Vajpayee government formed a task force under Vijay Kelkar to recommend tax reforms. In 2005, the Kelkar committee recommended rolling out GST as suggested by the 12th Finance Commission.[6]
After the defeat of the BJP-ledNDA government in the 2004 Lok Sabha election and the election of a Congress-led UPA government, the new Finance Minister P Chidambaram in February 2006 continued work on the same and proposed a GST rollout by 1 April 2010. However, in 2010, with the Trinamool Congress routing CPI(M) out of power in West Bengal, Asim Dasgupta resigned as the head of the GST committee. Dasgupta admitted in an interview that 80% of the task had been done.[6]
In the 2014 Lok Sabha election, the Bharatiya Janata Party-led NDA government was elected into power, this time under the leadership of Narendra Modi. With the consequential dissolution of the 15th Lok Sabha, the GST Bill – approved by the standing committee for reintroduction – lapsed. Seven months after the formation of the Modi government, the new Finance Minister Arun Jaitley introduced the GST Bill in the Lok Sabha, where the BJP had a majority. In February 2015, Jaitley set another deadline of 1 April 2017 to implement GST. In May 2016, the Lok Sabha passed the Constitution Amendment Bill, paving way for GST. However, the Opposition, led by the Congress, demanded that the GST Bill be again sent back to the Select Committee of the Rajya Sabha due to disagreements on several statements in the Bill relating to taxation. Finally in August 2016, the Amendment Bill was passed. Over the next 15 to 20 days, 18 states ratified the Constitution amendment Bill and the President Pranab Mukherjee gave his assent to it.[7][8]
A 22-members selected committee was formed to look into the proposed GST laws.[9] After GST Council approved the Central Goods and Services Tax Bill 2017 (The CGST Bill), the Integrated Goods and Services Tax Bill 2017 (The IGST Bill), the Union Territory Goods and Services Tax Bill 2017 (The UTGST Bill), the Goods and Services Tax (Compensation to the States) Bill 2017 (The Compensation Bill), these Bills were passed by the Lok Sabha on 29th March, 2017. The Rajya Sabha passed these Bills on 6th April, 2017 and were then enacted as Acts on 12th April, 2017. Thereafter, State Legislatures of different States have passed respective State Goods and Services Tax Bills. After the enactment of various GST laws, Goods and Services Tax was launched all over India with effect from 01 July 2017.[10] the Jammu and Kashmir state legislature passed its GST act on 7 July 2017, thereby ensuring that the entire nation is brought under an unified indirect taxation system. There was to be no GST on the sale and purchase of securities. That continues to be governed by Securities Transaction Tax (STT).[11]
Launch[edit]
Play media
The President Launching Goods and Services Tax (GST) on 1st July 2017
The GST was launched at midnight on 1 July 2017 by the President of India, Pranab Mukherjee, and the Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi. The launch was marked by a historic midnight (30 June – 1 July) session of both the houses of parliament convened at the Central Hall of the Parliament. Though the session was attended by high-profile guests from the business and the entertainment industry including Ratan Tata, it was boycotted by the opposition due to the predicted problems that it was bound to lead to for the middle and lower class Indians.[12][13] It is one of the few midnight sessions that have been held by the parliament - the others being the declaration of India's independence on 15 August 1947, and the silver and golden jubilees of that occasion.[13] After its launch, the GST rates have been modified multiple times, the latest being on 18 January 2018, where a panel of federal and state finance ministers decided to revise GST rates on 29 goods and 53 services.[14]
Members of the Congress boycotted the GST launch altogether.[15] They were joined by members of the Trinamool Congress, Communist Parties of India and the DMK. The parties reported that they found virtually no difference between the GST and the existing taxation system, claiming that the government was trying to merely rebrand the current taxation system. They also argued that the GST would increase existing rates on common daily goods while reducing rates on luxury items, and affect many Indians adversely, especially the middle, lower middle and poorer classes.[16]
Collections[edit]
Month
Collections
Change
February ₹85,174 crore (US$13 billion)[17]
January ₹86,318 crore (US$13 billion)[18]
December ₹86,706 crore (US$13 billion)[19]
November ₹80,808 crore (US$12 billion)[19]
October ₹83,346 crore (US$13 billion)[19]
September ₹95,131 crore (US$15 billion)[19]
August ₹93,141 crore (US$14 billion)[19]
July ₹94,000 crore (US$14 billion)[20]
Returns[edit]
Around 38 lakh new taxpayers have registered under GST regime and the total count has crossed crore if we include the 64 lakh earlier ones.[21]
Month
No of returns
Change
December 63 lakh[21]
November 64 lakh[21]
October 65 lakh[21]
September 69 lakh[21]
August 67 lakh[21]
July 63 lakh[21]
Taxation scheme[edit]
Taxes subsumed[edit]
The single GST replaced several taxes and levies which included: central excise duty, services tax, additional customs duty, surcharges, state-level value added tax and Octroi.[22][23] Other levies which were applicable on inter-state transportation of goods have also been done away with in GST regime.[24][25] GST is levied on all transactions such as sale, transfer, purchase, barter, lease, or import of goods and/or services.
India adopted a dual GST model, meaning that taxation is administered by both the Union and State Governments. Transactions made within a single state are levied with Central GST (CGST) by the Central Government and State GST (SGST) by the State governments. For inter-state transactions and imported goods or services, an Integrated GST (IGST) is levied by the Central Government. GST is a consumption-based tax/destination-based tax, therefore, taxes are paid to the state where the goods or services are consumed not the state in which they were produced. IGST complicates tax collection for State Governments by disabling them from collecting the tax owed to them directly from the Central Government. Under the previous system, a state would only have to deal with a single government in order to collect tax revenue.[26]
HSN code in GST[edit]
HSN (Harmonized System of Nomenclature) is an 8-digit code for identifying the applicable rate of GST on different products as per CGST rules. If a company has turnover up to ₹1.5 Crore in the preceding financial year then they need not mention the HSN code while supplying goods on invoices. If a company has turnover more than ₹1.5 Crore but up to ₹5 Cr then they need to mention the 2 digit HSN code while supplying goods on invoices. If turnover crosses ₹5 Cr then they shall mention the 4 digit HSN code on invoices.[27]
Rates[edit]
The GST is imposed at variable rates on variable items. The rate of GST is 2.5% for soaps and 28% on washing detergents. GST on movie tickets is based on slabs, with 18% GST for tickets that cost less than Rs. 100 and 28% GST on tickets costing more than Rs.100 and 5% on readymade clothes.[28] The rate on under-construction property booking is 12%.[29] Some industries and products were exempted by the government and remain untaxed under GST, such as dairy products, products of milling industries, fresh vegetables & fruits, meat products, and other groceries and necessities.[30]
Checkposts across the country were abolished ensuring free and fast movement of goods.[31]
The Central Government had proposed to insulate the revenues of the States from the impact of GST, with the expectation that in due course, GST will be levied on petroleum and petroleum products. The central government had assured states of compensation for any revenue loss incurred by them from the date of GST for a period of five years. However, no concrete laws have yet been made to support such action.[32] GST council adopted concept paper discouraging tinkering with rates.[33]
e-Way Bill[edit]
An e-Way Bill is an electronic permit for shipping goods similar to a waybill. It was made mandatory for inter-state transport of goods from 1st April 2018. It is required to be generated for every inter-state movement of goods beyond 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) and the threshold limit of ₹50,000 (US$770).[34]
It is a paperless, technology solution and critical anti-evasion tool to check tax leakages and clamping down on trade that currently happens on cash basis. The pilot started on 1st February 2018, but was withdrawn after glitches in the GST Network. The states are divided into four zones for rolling out in phases by end of April, 2018.
An unique e-Way Bill Number (EBN) is generated either by the supplier, recipient or the transporter. The EBN can be a printout, SMS or written on invoice is valid. The GST/Tax Officers tally the e-Way Bill listed goods with goods carried with it. The mechanism is aimed at plugging loopholes like overloading, understating etc. Each e-way bill has to be matched witht a GST invoice.
The official Android mobile app can be used for generating an e-way bill, with powerful features for easy generation and for maintaining records. The e-way bill can also be generated or cancelled through an SMS.
It is a critical compliance related GSTN project under the GST, with a capacity to process 75 lakh e-way bills per day.
Intra-State e-Way Bill[edit]
The five states piloting are Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Kerala, Telangana and Uttar Pradesh, which account for 61% of the inter-state e-way bills, started mandatory intra-state e-way bill from 15th April 2018 to further reduce tax evasion.[35] It was successfully introduced in Karnataka from 1st April 2018.[36] The intra-state e-way bill will pave the way for a seamless, nation-wide single e-way bill system. Six more states Jharkhand, Bihar, Tripura, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Haryana will roll it out from 20th April 18. All states are mandated to introduce it by May 30.
Reverse Charge Mechanism[edit]
Reverse Charge Mechanism (RCM) is a system in GST where the receiver pays the tax on behalf of unregistered, smaller material and service suppliers. The receiver of the goods is eligible for Input Tax Credit, while the unregistered dealer is not.
The RCM and matching of invoices by buyers and sellers were earlier suspended due to pressure from the industry. It is put on hold until June.
Goods Kept Outside the GST[edit]
Alcohol for human consumption.
Petrol and petroleum products (GST will apply at a later date) viz. Petroleum crude, High speed diesel, Motor Spirit (petrol), Natural gas, Aviation turbine fuel.[citation needed]
GST Council[edit]
Dr. Hasmukh Adhia, IAS unveiling the plaque to inaugurate the New GST Council Office
GST Council is the governing body of GST.[37]
Goods and Services Tax Network (GSTN)[edit]
The GSTN software is developed by Infosys Technologies and IT network is maintained by the NIC. "Goods and Services Tax" Network (GSTN) is a nonprofit organisation formed for creating sophisticated network, accessible to stakeholders, government and taxpayers to access information from on a single source (portal). The portal is accessible to the Tax authorities for tracking down every transaction, while taxpayers have the ability of connect for their tax returns.
GSTN stockholders[edit]
The GSTN’s authorised capital is ₹10 crore (US$1.5 million) in which Central Government holds 24.5 percent of shares while the state government holds 24.5 percent. The remaining 51 percent are held by non-Government financial institutions, HDFC and HDFC Bank hold 20%, ICICI Bank holds 10%, NSE Strategic Investment holds 10% and LIC Housing Finance holds 10% .[38][39]
See also[edit]
Goods and Services Tax (Australia)
Goods and Services Tax (Canada)
Goods and Services Tax (Hong Kong)
Goods and Services Tax (Malaysia)
Goods and Services Tax (Singapore)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "All your queries on GST answered". The Hindu. Retrieved 2017-06-30.
Jump up ^ "GST: Cars, durables face 28% rate; luxury vehicles to attract 15% cess", Business Standard, 18 May 2017
Jump up ^ "Film theatres in Tamil Nadu to begin indefinite strike against GST". The Hindu. 2 July 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/gst-impact-trucks-travel-time-in-interstate-movement-drops-20-says-govt-117073000276_1.html
Jump up ^ "Looking back at GST's journey: How an idea is now near reality", Indian Express, 31 March 2017
^ Jump up to: a b c "GST: A 17-year-old dream, 17 phases towards creating history", India Today, 29 June 2017
Jump up ^ "Goods and Services Tax: History of India's biggest tax reform and people who made it possible", India TV, 29 Jun 2017
Jump up ^ "GST: Meet the men behind India's biggest tax reform that's been in making for 17 years", India Today, June 29, 2017
Jump up ^ Nair, Remya (8 June 2015), "Rajya Sabha panel to hear GST concerns on 16 June", Live Mint
Jump up ^ "GST rollout: All except J-K pass State GST legislation", The Indian Express, 22 June 2017
Jump up ^ "GST draft makes it must for companies to pass tax benefit to consumers", The Times of India, 27 November 2016
Jump up ^ "GST Rollout Attendees", Financial Express, June 30, 2017
^ Jump up to: a b "GST launch: Times when the Parliament convened for a session at midnight", The Hindustan Times, 30 June 2017
Jump up ^ "Latest GST Cuts: Complete List Of What Just Got Cheaper", NDTV
Jump up ^ PTI (2017-06-30). "GST launch divides opposition". livemint.com/. Retrieved 2018-01-22.
Jump up ^ "Congress To Boycott GST Launch, Arun Jaitley Suggests Broader Shoulders", NDTV, 29 June 2017
Jump up ^ "GST collection falls to Rs 85,174 crore in February; only 69% file returns", The Times of India, 27 March 2018
Jump up ^ "GST collection for January comes in at Rs 86,318 crore", The Economic Times, 27 February 2018
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "GST revenue for December rises to Rs 86,703 crore; halts 2-month reverse trend", Business Today, 11 February 2018
Jump up ^ "GST collections dip for second month in Nov to Rs 80,808 crore", The Economic Times, 27 December 2017
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Why many registered taxpayers are not filing GST returns", Business Today, 27 February 2018
Jump up ^ "What is GST, how is it different from now: Decoding the indirect tax regime", Business Standard, 17 April 2017
Jump up ^ "GST may swallow all taxes but cess", Business Standard, 20 September 2016
Jump up ^ "On Notes Ban, Firm Warning From West Bengal To Centre: GST Now At Risk", NDTV, 30 November 2016
Jump up ^ "Finance minister Arun Jaitley may hike service tax to 16-18% in Budget", The Times of India, 30 January 2017
Jump up ^ "GST: The illustrative guide to how transactions will take place after tax reform". Money Control.
Jump up ^ "Understanding HSN Codes Under GST". Masters India.
Jump up ^ Mehra, Puja (27 June 2017). "GST, an old new tax". The Hindu - Opinion. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "What is the GST impact on real estate?", The Indian Express, 5 July 2017
Jump up ^ "GST rollout: List of items exempted from taxation". The Indian Express. 2017-06-30. Retrieved 2017-07-30.
Jump up ^ "22 states scrap checkposts for smooth GST rollout", The Times of India, 4 July 2017
Jump up ^ "'States on Board, GST Launch from April '16'". newindianexpress.com.
Jump up ^ Sikarwar, Deepshikha (2017-10-09). "GST council adopts concept paper discouraging tinkering with rates". The Economic Times. Retrieved 2017-10-09.
Jump up ^ "Businesses, govt gear up for E-Way Bill", The Hindu Business Line, 25 January 2018
Jump up ^ https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/after-e-way-bill-govt-eyes-tools-to-check-gst-evasion/articleshow/63706581.cms
Jump up ^ http://www.financialexpress.com/economy/interstate-e-way-bill-phased-roll-out-from-april-15/1128842/
Jump up ^ https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/why-many-registered-taxpayers-are-not-filing-gst-returns/story/271554.html
Jump up ^ "About Us – GSTN". www.gstn.org. Retrieved 2018-02-06.
Jump up ^ https://www.telegraphindia.com/business/gst-pivot-faces-nationalise-call-223685
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Official website
CBEC GST Law
GST Council
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Independence Day (United States)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Fourth of July" and "4th of July" redirect here. For the date, see July 4. For other uses, see Independence Day (disambiguation). For other related material, see Fourth of July (disambiguation).
Independence Day
Displays of fireworks, such as these over the Washington Monument in 1986, take place across the United States on Independence Day.
Also called
The Fourth of July
Observed by
United States
Type
National
Significance
The day in 1776 that the Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Continental Congress
Celebrations
Fireworks, family reunions, concerts, barbecues, picnics, parades, baseball games
Date
July 4
Next time
July 4, 2018 (2018-07-04)
Frequency
Annual
Independence Day, also referred to as the Fourth of July or July Fourth, is a federal holiday in the United States commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The Continental Congress declared that the thirteen American colonies regarded themselves as a new nation, the United States of America, and were no longer part of the British Empire.[1] The Congress actually voted to declare independence two days earlier, on July 2.[1]
Independence Day is commonly associated with fireworks, parades, barbecues, carnivals, fairs, picnics, concerts, baseball games, family reunions, and political speeches and ceremonies, in addition to various other public and private events celebrating the history, government, and traditions of the United States. Independence Day is the National Day of the United States.[2][3][4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Observance
3 Customs
4 Celebration gallery
5 Notable celebrations
6 Other countries
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
Background
During the American Revolution, the legal separation of the Thirteen Colonies from Great Britain in 1776 actually occurred on July 2, when the Second Continental Congress voted to approve a resolution of independence that had been proposed in June by Richard Henry Lee of Virginia declaring the United States independent from Great Britain rule.[5][6] After voting for independence, Congress turned its attention to the Declaration of Independence, a statement explaining this decision, which had been prepared by a Committee of Five, with Thomas Jefferson as its principal author. Congress debated and revised the wording of the Declaration, finally approving it two days later on July 4. A day earlier, John Adams had written to his wife Abigail:
The second day of July, 1776, will be the most memorable epoch in the history of America. I am apt to believe that it will be celebrated by succeeding generations as the great anniversary festival. It ought to be commemorated as the day of deliverance, by solemn acts of devotion to God Almighty. It ought to be solemnized with pomp and parade, with shows, games, sports, guns, bells, bonfires, and illuminations, from one end of this continent to the other, from this time forward forever more.[7]
Adams's prediction was off by two days. From the outset, Americans celebrated independence on July 4, the date shown on the much-publicized Declaration of Independence, rather than on July 2, the date the resolution of independence was approved in a closed session of Congress.[8]
Historians have long disputed whether members of Congress signed the Declaration of Independence on July 4, even though Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and Benjamin Franklin all later wrote that they had signed it on that day. Most historians have concluded that the Declaration was signed nearly a month after its adoption, on August 2, 1776, and not on July 4 as is commonly believed.[9][10][11][12][13]
Coincidentally, both John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, the only signers of the Declaration of Independence later to serve as Presidents of the United States, died on the same day: July 4, 1826, which was the 50th anniversary of the Declaration. Although not a signer of the Declaration of Independence, James Monroe, another Founding Father who was elected as President, also died on July 4, 1831. He was the third President in a row who died on the anniversary of independence. Calvin Coolidge, the 30th President, was born on July 4, 1872; so far he is the only U.S. President to have been born on Independence Day.
Observance
In 1777, thirteen gunshots were fired in salute, once at morning and once again as evening fell, on July 4 in Bristol, Rhode Island. Philadelphia celebrated the first anniversary in a manner a modern American would find familiar: an official dinner for the Continental Congress, toasts, 13-gun salutes, speeches, prayers, music, parades, troop reviews, and fireworks. Ships in port were decked with red, white, and blue bunting.[14]
In 1778, from his headquarters at Ross Hall, near New Brunswick, New Jersey, General George Washington marked July 4 with a double ration of rum for his soldiers and an artillery salute (feu de joie). Across the Atlantic Ocean, ambassadors John Adams and Benjamin Franklin held a dinner for their fellow Americans in Paris, France.[15]
American children of many ethnic backgrounds celebrate noisily in 1902 Puck cartoon
In 1779, July 4 fell on a Sunday. The holiday was celebrated on Monday, July 5.[15]
In 1781, the Massachusetts General Court became the first state legislature to recognize July 4 as a state celebration.[15]
In 1783, Moravians in Salem, North Carolina, held a celebration of July 4 with a challenging music program assembled by Johann Friedrich Peter. This work was titled The Psalm of Joy. This is recognized as the first recorded celebration[clarification needed] and is still celebrated there today.[16]
In 1870, the U.S. Congress made Independence Day an unpaid holiday for federal employees.[17]
In 1938, Congress changed Independence Day to a paid federal holiday.[18]
Customs
An 1825 invitation to an Independence Day celebration
Fireworks on Independence Day in Goleta, California.
Independence Day is a national holiday marked by patriotic displays. Similar to other summer-themed events, Independence Day celebrations often take place outdoors. Independence Day is a federal holiday, so all non-essential federal institutions (such as the postal service and federal courts) are closed on that day. Many politicians make it a point on this day to appear at a public event to praise the nation's heritage, laws, history, society, and people.
Families often celebrate Independence Day by hosting or attending a picnic or barbecue; many take advantage of the day off and, in some years, a long weekend to gather with relatives or friends. Decorations (e.g., streamers, balloons, and clothing) are generally colored red, white, and blue, the colors of the American flag. Parades are often held in the morning, before family get-togethers, while fireworks displays occur in the evening after dark at such places as parks, fairgrounds, or town squares.
The night before the Fourth was once the focal point of celebrations, marked by raucous gatherings often incorporating bonfires as their centerpiece. In New England, towns competed to build towering pyramids, assembled from barrels and casks. They were lit at nightfall, to usher in the celebration. The highest were in Salem, Massachusetts (on Gallows Hill, the famous site of the execution of 13 women and 6 men for witchcraft in 1692 during the Salem witch trials), where the tradition of celebratory bonfires had persisted, with pyramids composed of as many as forty tiers of barrels. These made the tallest bonfires ever recorded. The custom flourished in the 19th and 20th centuries, and is still practiced in some New England towns.[19]
Independence Day fireworks are often accompanied by patriotic songs such as the national anthem "The Star-Spangled Banner", "God Bless America", "America the Beautiful," "My Country, 'Tis of Thee," "This Land Is Your Land," "Stars and Stripes Forever," and, regionally, "Yankee Doodle" in northeastern states and "Dixie" in southern states. Some of the lyrics recall images of the Revolutionary War or the War of 1812.
Independence Day Parade in Washington, D.C.
Firework shows are held in many states, and many fireworks are sold for personal use or as an alternative to a public show. Safety concerns have led some states to ban fireworks or limit the sizes and types allowed. In addition, local and regional weather conditions may dictate whether the sale or use of fireworks in an area will be allowed. Some local or regional firework sales are limited or prohibited because of dry weather or other specific concerns. On these occasions the public may be prohibited from purchasing or discharging fireworks, but professional displays (such as those at sports events) may still take place, if certain safety precautions have been taken.
A salute of one gun for each state in the United States, called a "salute to the union," is fired on Independence Day at noon by any capable military base.[20]
In 2009, New York City had the largest fireworks display in the country, with more than 22 tons of pyrotechnics exploded.[21] It generally holds displays in the East River. Other major displays are in Chicago on Lake Michigan; in San Diego over Mission Bay; in Boston on the Charles River; in St. Louis on the Mississippi River; in San Francisco over the San Francisco Bay; and on the National Mall in Washington, D.C.
During the annual Windsor-Detroit International Freedom Festival, Detroit, Michigan hosts one of the world's largest fireworks displays, over the Detroit River, to celebrate Independence Day in conjunction with Windsor, Ontario's celebration of Canada Day.
The first week of July is typically one of the busiest United States travel periods of the year, as many people use what is often a three-day holiday weekend for extended vacation trips.[22]
Celebration gallery
In addition to a fireworks show, Miami, Florida lights one of its tallest buildings with the patriotic red, white and blue color scheme on Independence Day
New York City's fireworks display, shown above over the East Village, is sponsored by Macy's and is the largest[21] in the country
Play media
Patriotic trailer shown in theaters celebrating July 4, 1940
A festively decorated Independence day cake.
Lakes are a popular destination for Fourth of July celebrations in the midwest.
Notable celebrations
Originally entitled Yankee Doodle, this is one of several versions of a scene painted by A. M. Willard that came to be known as The Spirit of '76. Often imitated or parodied, it is a familiar symbol of American patriotism
Held since 1785, the Bristol Fourth of July Parade in Bristol, Rhode Island is the oldest continuous Independence Day celebration in the United States.
Since 1868, Seward, Nebraska has held a celebration on the same town square. In 1979 Seward was designated "America's Official Fourth of July City-Small Town USA" by resolution of Congress. Seward has also been proclaimed "Nebraska's Official Fourth of July City" by Governor James Exon in proclamation. Seward is a town of 6,000 but swells to 40,000+ during the July 4 celebrations.[23]
Since 1912, the Rebild Society, a Danish-American friendship organization, has held a July 4 weekend festival that serves as a homecoming for Danish-Americans in the Rebild municipality of Denmark.[24]
Since 1959, the International Freedom Festival is jointly held in Detroit, Michigan and Windsor, Ontario during the last week of June each year as a mutual celebration of Independence Day and Canada Day (July 1). It culminates in a large fireworks display over the Detroit River.
The famous Macy's fireworks display usually held over the East River in New York City has been televised nationwide on NBC since 1976. In 2009, the fireworks display was returned to the Hudson River for the first time since 2000 to commemorate the 400th anniversary of Henry Hudson's exploration of that river.[25]
The Boston Pops Orchestra has hosted a music and fireworks show over the Charles River Esplanade called the "Boston Pops Fireworks Spectacular" annually since 1973.[26] The event was broadcast nationally from 1991 until 2002 on A&E, and since 2002 by CBS and its Boston station WBZ-TV. WBZ/1030 and WBZ-TV broadcast the entire event locally, and from 2002 through 2012, CBS broadcast the final hour of the concert nationally in primetime. The national broadcast was put on hiatus beginning in 2013, which Pops executive producer David G. Mugar believed was the result of decreasing viewership caused by NBC's encore presentation of the Macy's fireworks.[27][28] The national broadcast will be revived for 2016, and expanded to two hours.[29]
On the Capitol lawn in Washington, D.C., A Capitol Fourth, a free concert broadcast live by PBS, NPR and the American Forces Network, precedes the fireworks and attracts over half a million people annually.
Other countries
The Philippines celebrates July 4 as its Republic Day to commemorate that day in 1946 when it ceased to be a U.S. territory and the United States officially recognized Philippine Independence.[30] July 4 was intentionally chosen by the United States because it corresponds to its Independence Day, and this day was observed in the Philippines as Independence Day until 1962. In 1964, the name of the July 4 holiday was changed to Republic Day. In Rwanda, July 4 is an official holiday known as Liberation Day, commemorating the end of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide in which the U.S. government also played a role. Rebild National Park in Denmark is said to hold the largest July 4 celebrations outside of the United States.[31]
See also
Holidays portal
United States portal
1776 (musical)
Constitution Day (United States)
To the Fourth of July (1898), poem
"What to a slave is the 4th of July?" – 1852 Frederick Douglass speech
References
^ Jump up to: a b "What is Independence Day in USA?". Tech Notes. July 2, 2015. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ "National Days of Countries". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. New Zealand. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ Central Intelligence Agency. "National Holiday". The World Factbook. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ "National Holiday of Member States". United Nations. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ Becker, p. 3.
Jump up ^ Staff writer (July 1, 1917). "How Declaration of Independence was Drafted" (PDF). New York Times. Retrieved November 20, 2009. On the following day, when the formal vote of Congress was taken, the resolutions were approved by twelve Colonies–all except New York. The original Colonies, therefore, became the United States of America on July 2, 1776.
Jump up ^ "Letter from John Adams to Abigail Adams, 3 July 1776, 'Had a Declaration…'". Adams Family Papers. Massachusetts Historical Society. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ Maier, Pauline (August 7, 1997). "Making Sense of the Fourth of July". American Heritage. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ Burnett, Edward Cody (1941). The Continental Congress. New York: W.W. Norton. pp. 191–96. ISBN 1104991853.
Jump up ^ Warren, Charles (July 1945). "Fourth of July Myths". William and Mary Quarterly. 3d. 2 (3): 238–272.
Jump up ^ "Top 5 Myths About the Fourth of July!". History News Network. George Mason University. June 30, 2001. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ Becker, pp. 184–85.
Jump up ^ For the minority scholarly argument that the Declaration was signed on July 4, see Wilfred J. Ritz, "The Authentication of the Engrossed Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776", Law and History Review 4, no. 1 (Spring 1986): 179–204, via JSTOR.
Jump up ^ Heintze, "The First Celebrations".
^ Jump up to: a b c Heintze, "A Chronology of Notable Fourth of July Celebration Occurrences".
Jump up ^ [1] Archived July 22, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Heintze, "How the Fourth of July was Designated as an 'Official' Holiday".
Jump up ^ Heintze, "Federal Legislation Establishing the Fourth of July Holiday".
Jump up ^ "The Night Before the Fourth". The Atlantic. July 1, 2011. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Origin of the 21-Gun Salute". U.S. Army Center of Military History. October 3, 2003. Retrieved July 4, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Biggest fireworks show in U.S. lights up sky, USA Today, July 2009.
Jump up ^ "AAA Chicago Projects Increase in Fourth of July Holiday Travelers", PR Newswire, 23 June 2010
Jump up ^ "History of Seward Nebraska 4th of July".
Jump up ^ "History". Rebild Society. Rebild National Park Society. Retrieved June 30, 2009.
Jump up ^ "2009 Macy's 4th of July Fireworks". Federated Department Stores. April 29, 2009. Retrieved July 4, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Welcome to Boston's 4th of July Celebration". Boston 4 Celebrations Foundation. 2009. Archived from the original on August 22, 2008. Retrieved July 4, 2009.
Jump up ^ James H. Burnett III. Boston gets a nonreality show: CBS broadcasts impossible views of 4th fireworks. Boston Globe, July 8, 2011
Jump up ^ Powers, Martine; Moskowitz, Eric (June 15, 2013). "July 4 fireworks gala loses its national pop". The Boston Globe. Retrieved June 16, 2013.
Jump up ^ "With CBS on board again, Keith Lockhart is ready to take over prime time". Boston Herald. Retrieved July 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ Philippine Republic Day, Official Gazette (Philippines), retrieved July 5, 2012
Jump up ^ Lindsey Galloway (Jul 3, 2012). "Celebrate American independence in Denmark".
Further reading
Becker, Carl L. (1922). The Declaration of Independence: A Study in the History of Political Ideas. New York: Harcourt, Brace. ISBN 0-394-70060-0. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
Criblez, Adam (2013). Parading Patriotism: Independence Day Celebrations in the Urban Midwest, 1826–1876. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press.
Heintze, James R. "Fourth of July Celebrations Database". American University of Washington, D.C. Retrieved February 10, 2015.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Independence Day (United States).
Fourth of July Is Independence Day USA.gov, July 4, 2014
U.S. Independence Day a Civic and Social Event U.S. State Department, June 22, 2010
The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro by Frederick Douglass
Fourth of July Orations Collection at the Division of Special Collections, Archives, and Rare Books, Ellis Library, University of Missouri
The Fourth of July, Back in the Day – slideshow by Life magazine
Fourth of July 2015 Fireworks in New York City on Youtube
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text:
America's Next Top Model (cycle 8)
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America's Next Top Model (cycle 8)
Cycle 8 cast
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
13
Release
Original network
The CW
Original release
February 28 (2007-02-28) – May 16, 2007 (2007-05-16)
Additional information
Judges
Tyra Banks
Nigel Barker
J. Alexander
Twiggy
No. of contestants
13
Winner
Jaslene Gonzalez
Cycle chronology
← Previous
Cycle 7
Next →
Cycle 9
Season summary
The eighth cycle of America's Next Top Model aired from February 28, 2007 to May 16, 2007, and was the second season of the series to be aired on The CW network.
The international destination during this cycle was Sydney, Australia. The winner, similar to all of the cycles aired on The CW network, received representation by Elite Model Management, a cover & six-page spread within Seventeen magazine,[1] and a US$100,000 contract with CoverGirl cosmetics.
The cycle's promotional tagline was "Welcome To The Jungle, Ladies" and the promotional theme songs were both Danity Kane's "One Shot" and Shiny Toy Guns' "Le Disko."
The winner was 20-year-old Jaslene Gonzalez from Chicago, Illinois, who notably had made it to the semi-finals of cycle 7, but was not cast. Gonzalez became the first winner without any bottom two appearance.
The cycle's finale episode attracted more than 6.6 million viewers, a record for both the franchise and the CW.
Contents
[hide]
1 Contestants
2 Episodes
2.1 The Girl Who Won't Stop Talking
2.2 The Girls Go To Prom
2.3 The Girl Who Cries All The Time
2.4 The Girl Who Changes Her Attitude
2.5 The Girl Who Takes Credit
2.6 The Girl Who Gets Thrown In The Pool
2.7 The Girl Who Impresses Pedro
2.8 The Girls Go Down Under
2.9 The Girl Who Picks A Fight
2.10 The Girl Who Blames The Taxi Driver
2.11 The Girl Who Does Not Want To Dance
2.12 The Girl Who Becomes America's Next Top Model
3 Summaries
3.1 Call-out order
3.2 Photo Shoot Guide
3.3 Other cast members
3.4 Makeovers
4 Post-Top Model careers
5 References
6 External links
Contestants[edit]
(ages stated are at start of contest)
Contestant[2]
Age
Hometown
Finish
Place
Kathleen DuJour[3] 20 Brooklyn, New York Episode 2 13
Samantha Francis[4] 19 Pinson, Alabama Episode 3 12
Cassandra Watson[5] 24 Seattle, Washington Episode 4 11
Felicia Provost[6] 19 Houston, Texas Episode 5 10
Diana Zalewski[7] 21 Garfield, New Jersey Episode 6 9
Sarah VonderHaar[8] 20 Lake Zurich, Illinois Episode 7 8
Whitney Cunningham[9] 21 West Palm Beach, Florida Episode 8 7
Jael Strauss[10] 22 Detroit, Michigan Episode 9 6
Brittany Hatch[11] 21 Savannah, Georgia Episode 11 5
Dionne Walters[12] 20 Montgomery, Alabama Episode 12 4
Renee DeWitt[13] 20 Maui, Hawaii Episode 13 3
Natasha Galkina[14] 21 Dallas, Texas 2
Jaslene Gonzalez[15] 20 Chicago, Illinois 1
Episodes[edit]
The Girl Who Won't Stop Talking[edit]
First aired February 28, 2007
Featured photographer: Nigel Barker
Special guests: Johnta Austin, Jermaine Dupri, Russell Baer, Marc Ecko, Phillip Bloch
The Girls Go To Prom[edit]
First aired March 7, 2007
Featured photographer: Carlos Rios
Special guests: Roy Campbell, Hallie Bowman
CoverGirl of the Week: Jaslene Gonzalez
The Girl Who Cries All The Time[edit]
First aired March 14, 2007
Featured photographer: Joseph Cultice
Special guests: Neeko, Roxanna Floyd, Carissa Rosenberg
CoverGirl of the Week: Jaslene Gonzalez
The Girl Who Changes Her Attitude[edit]
First aired March 21, 2007
Featured photographer: Mike Rosenthal
Special guest: Benny Ninja
CoverGirl of the Week: Jael Strauss
The Girl Who Takes Credit[edit]
First aired March 28, 2007
Featured photographer: Richard Reinsdorf
Special guests: Cathy Gould, Deda Coben, Raven (drag queen)
CoverGirl of the Week: Whitney Cunningham
The Girl Who Gets Thrown In The Pool[edit]
First aired April 4, 2007
Featured photographer: Kareem Black
Special guests: 50 Cent, Melrose Bickerstaff, Nicole Richie, Paris Hilton, Beverly Johnson, Nancy Josephson, Nikki Haskell, Larry Sanitsky, Benny Medina, Tia Mowry, Tamera Mowry, Bill Maher, Markus Klinko and Indrani, Jennifer Weiderman
CoverGirl of the Week: Natasha Galkina
The Girl Who Impresses Pedro[edit]
First aired April 11, 2007
Featured photographer: Matthew Jordan Smith
Special guests: Tia Mowry, Efren Ramirez, Rebecca Epley, Kim Stolz, Joanie Dodds, Michelle Deighton, Bre Scullark, Michelle Babin, Amanda Babin, Shannon Stewart, Christian Marc
CoverGirl of the Week: Jaslene Gonzalez
The Girls Go Down Under[edit]
First aired April 18, 2007
Featured commercial director: Simon Higgins
Special guests: April Wilkner, Erika Heynatz, Gary Riotto, Nick Hudson
CoverGirl of the Week: Natasha Galkina
The Girl Who Picks A Fight[edit]
First aired April 25, 2007
The Girl Who Blames The Taxi Driver[edit]
First aired May 2, 2007
Featured photographers: Tyra Banks, Michael Omm
Special guests: Jodhi Meares, Priscilla Leighton Clark, Wayne Cooper, Lill Boyd, Anna Hewett, Tina Kalivas, Jayson Brunsdon, Arabella Ramsay, Alice McCall, Kit Willow, David Sciola, Brad Rope, Adrian Allen, Tamati Williams, Samuel Sirena
CoverGirl of the Week: Natasha Galkina
The Girl Who Does Not Want To Dance[edit]
First aired May 9, 2007
Featured photographer: Kane Skennar
Special guests: Carissa Rosenberg, Uncle Max, Calita Murray, Justin Schwarz, Sharon Williams
CoverGirl of the Week: Jaslene Gonzalez
The Girl Who Becomes America's Next Top Model[edit]
First aired May 16, 2007
Featured photographer: Jim De Yonker
Special guests: CariDee English, Brent Poer, Sarah-Jane Clarke, Heidi Middleton, Carissa Rosenberg
Summaries[edit]
Call-out order[edit]
Order
Episodes
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
11
12
13
1
Natasha Jaslene Jaslene Brittany Renee Natasha Jael Dionne Natasha Jaslene Renee Jaslene Jaslene
2
Kathleen Brittany Felicia Jael Natasha Dionne Natasha Natasha Renee Natasha Jaslene Natasha Natasha
3
Sarah Felicia Diana Sarah Brittany Brittany Dionne Brittany Jaslene Renee Natasha Renee
4
Cassandra Diana Renee Dionne Whitney Jaslene Brittany Renee Dionne Dionne Dionne
5
Renee Samantha Brittany Felicia Jaslene Sarah Renee Jaslene Brittany Brittany
6
Samantha Cassandra Cassandra Renee Jael Renee Jaslene Jael Jael
7
Dionne Renee Dionne Whitney Diana Jael Whitney Whitney
8
Whitney Sarah Jael Natasha Sarah Whitney Sarah
9
Brittany Dionne Whitney Jaslene Dionne Diana
10
Felicia Whitney Sarah Diana Felicia
11
Jael Natasha Natasha Cassandra
12
Jaslene Jael Samantha
13
Diana Kathleen
The contestant was eliminated
The contestant won the competition
In episode 1, the pool of 20 girls was reduced to 13 who moved on to the main competition. However, this first call-out does not reflect their performance that first week.
Episode 10 was the recap episode.
Photo Shoot Guide[edit]
Episode 1 photo shoot: Mark Ecko's Pool Party (casting)
Episode 2 photo shoot: Political Controversies
Episode 3 photo shoot: Highschool clichés
Episode 4 photo shoot: Nude Candy-coated
Episode 5 photo shoot: Crime Scene Victims
Episode 6 photo shoot: Gender-swap
Episode 7 photo shoot: Four Personalities Beautyshots
Episode 8 photo shoot: Unforgettable ANTM moments with Past Contestants
Episode 9 commercial: CoverGirl Queen Mascara Commercial with Australian Accent
Episode 11 photo shoots: Swimsuits for Women's and Men's Magazines
Episode 12 photo shoot: Aboriginal Dances
Episode 13 photo shoots & Commercial: Covergirl beauty shot; "My Life As A Covergirl" commercial shoot for truShine lipcolor; Seventeen magazine covers
Other cast members[edit]
Jay Manuel – photography
Sutan – make-up
Christian Marc – hair
Anda & Masha – wardrobe
Makeovers[edit]
Brittany – Wavy red weave; later, weave removed and hair remained red
Cassandra – Voluminous afro
Diana – Golden blonde long hair
Dionne – Black short hair ala Kelis
Felicia – Black hair with bangs
Jael – Originally got a brown weave; after 8 hours, Tyra changed her mind and she got a brown pixie cut.
Jaslene – Volumized layered hair
Natasha – Shoulder length cut with bangs and dyed chocolate brown
Renee – Choppy blonde bob
Sarah – Caramel brown hair and trimmed
Whitney – Wavy brown weave
Post-Top Model careers[edit]
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Renee DeWitt was signed with NEXT Model Management and appeared on Modelville. On December 10, 2014, DeWitt was sentenced to 12 years in prison after pleading guilty to four felony burglary counts, one count of vehicle theft, one count of firearm possession and one misdemeanor count of identity theft. She was dismissed of more than a dozen other counts under a plea agreement.[16]
Whitney Cunningham had done some test shots and was in Plus magazine and IMT Styles magazine. She used to be signed with CESD Modeling Agency. She is now the president of a marketing company.[17]
Kathleen DuJour did some test shots. She now works as a hair stylist in Brooklyn. [18]
Samantha Francis was signed with Fusion Model Management in New York City, Apple Model Management in Bangkok and Style International Management in Hong Kong. She used to be signed with Elite Model Management in New York. Her print work credits include Knit.1, Ming Pao Weekly, Macau Closer Lifestyle, Harper's Bazaar Hong Kong and Thailand, Elle Thailand, Seventeen and Elle UK. She was featured as a "Top Model in Action" during cycle 13.
Natasha Galkina is currently signed with Red Model Management in New York City, under the name "Alie M", NEXT Model Management in Milan and Elite Model Management in New York. She used to be signed with MUSE Modeling Agency in New York, IMG Models in New York, MGMT First in New York City, Ace Model Management in Athens, Beatrice International Models in Milan, Wilhelmina Models in L.A and Ford Models in New York. She also appeared in editorials for Italian Vogue as well as A Cover Of Beauty In Vogue In Russia, Teen Vogue, I-D Magazine, Elle Magazine, Seventeen Magazine, Harper's Bazaar in Hong Kong, Fashion Magazine, Vanity Fair, Marie Claire and Maxim Magazine. She also signed with Fenton Moon NY[19] along with other alumni Andrea Debevc and Mikaela Schipani.
Jaslene Gonzalez is currently signed with MC2 Models in New York, Faces Model Management in Malaysia and Exodus Model Management.[20] She has modeled for the New York Post (Tempo), US Weekly,In Touch Weekly,[21] had a 6-page spread in an issue of Vibe Vixen magazine, a 12-page fashion spread for ZooZoom Magazine. Named One Of Latina Magazine's Latinas Of the Year, had a 9-page spread for Colures (U.K fashion Magazine), was featured in Trace (magazine): Model Behaviour as Falls new faces, has been on the covers and had spreads of over a dozen magazines such as Latina, Imagén, Hombre,[22] 6 Degrees, FN, ZooZoom, Fashion Salon Seventeen,[23] Urban Latino, Bleu, Vanidades,[24] Scene, JamRock, Splendor,[25] Time Out.[26] and Metrostyle Catalog.[27] She has also appeared in Lot29 Fall/Winter 07-08 and Spring/Summer 08 ad campaigns; she has had a total of four billboards in Times Square so far.[28] Also, she shares one of her Lot29 billboards in Times Square, New York with Katarzyna Dolinska.[29] Gonzalez shot an ad campaign for online retailer ShopBop, 8-page fashion spreads for both Scene Magazine and JamRock Magazine. She is also featured on the pages of Living Proof Magazine, American Salon Magazine and currently has an ad campaign with Marianne Stores.[26][30] Gonzalez has had an Ad Campaign for designer Cesar Galindo 's Spring 2008 Collection and appeared on the pages of Supermodels Unlimited Magazine twice for the August and September/October 2008 issues.[31] Gonzalez is also part of the "Heart On My Sleeve" clothing campaign by Aubrey O'Day.[32] Gonzalez is on the pages of YRB Magazine.[33] She has also been featured on COACD, fashionista.com and in Women's Wear Daily.[34] Gonzalez currently has nationwide campaigns with Garnier Nutrisse, and Southpole. In addition, Kett Cosmetics, Marianne Stores F/W 09, and Recession Denim F/W 09 campaigns. She has also been on the cover Nuovo Magazine. She has been on the cover of Nylon Mexico. In India, she has been in Marie Claire (June 2012), New Woman and Grazia. She was in the Celestino Couture 2017 Lookbook.
Brittany Hatch was signed with Beatrice International Models in Milan and with New York Model Management. She was in magazines such as South, DS and Twill. She was a model for tests shots by Sarah VonderHaar.
Felicia Provost used to be signed with Elite Model Management in Chicago. She was in Time Out Chicago and Brune magazine. She is now a dance teacher in Hong Kong.[35]
Jael Strauss used to be signed with Otto Models and also had her own clothing line with Hitch Couture. As of 2012, Strauss is reported to be battling methamphetamine addiction. Appearing on the Dr. Phil show on September 13, 2012, she discussed her struggle with addiction.[36] She has made a full recovery[37] and modeled for HeartWater and The Legging Project in 2017.
Sarah VonderHaar was signed with Elite Model Management in Chicago. She became a recording artist and had a debut album in 2008 called "Are You Listening Now"[38] with music videos for "I Got Sunshine"[39] and "All Mine".[40]
Dionne Walters was signed with Eye Candy Model Management. She was in magazines such as Kontrol, Upgrade and Ellements.
Cassandra Watson was signed with Look Model Agency in San Francisco and SMG Models in Seattle.[41]
Diana Zalewski continued her education, and did some test shots. She modeled for Skorch magazine in 2007.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "America's Next Top Model – Cast – Tyra Banks". Archived from the original on April 27, 2007.
Jump up ^ "The CW reveals the identities of its 'America's Next Top Model 8' girls". Reality TV World. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ "America's Next Top Model Cycle 8 Kathleen". March 11, 2007. Archived from the original on March 11, 2007. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ "America's Next Top Model Cycle 8 Samantha". March 11, 2007. Archived from the original on March 11, 2007. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ "America's Next Top Model Cycle 8 Cassandra". March 11, 2007. Archived from the original on March 11, 2007. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ "America's Next Top Model Cycle 8 Felicia". March 11, 2007. Archived from the original on March 11, 2007. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ "America's Next Top Model Cycle 8 Diana". March 11, 2007. Archived from the original on March 11, 2007. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ "America's Next Top Model Cycle 8 Sarah". March 11, 2007. Archived from the original on March 11, 2007. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ "America's Next Top Model Cycle 8 Whitney". March 11, 2007. Archived from the original on March 11, 2007. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ "America's Next Top Model Cycle 8 Jael". March 11, 2007. Archived from the original on March 11, 2007. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ "America's Next Top Model Cycle 8 Brittany". March 11, 2007. Archived from the original on March 11, 2007. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ "America's Next Top Model Cycle 8 Dionne". March 11, 2007. Archived from the original on March 11, 2007. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ "America's Next Top Model Cycle 8 Renee". March 11, 2007. Archived from the original on March 11, 2007. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ "America's Next Top Model Cycle 8 Natasha". March 11, 2007. Archived from the original on March 11, 2007. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ "America's Next Top Model Cycle 8 Jaslene". March 11, 2007. Archived from the original on March 11, 2007. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ "America's Next Top Model finalist Renee Alway sentenced to 12 years in prison". Daily Mail. December 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ https://www.linkedin.com/in/whitneymcunningham. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ "StyleSeat - Online Booking for Hair Stylists & Beauty Professionals". StyleSeat - Online Booking for Hair Stylists & Beauty Professionalst. Retrieved 2017-10-07.
Jump up ^ Natalie Gal – Fenton Moon NY Archived June 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Jaslene Gonzalez".
Jump up ^ "InTouch Weekly". All-ANTM.net.
Jump up ^ "Hombre". All-ANTM.net.
Jump up ^ "Seventeen Magazine". All-ANTM.net.
Jump up ^ "Vanidades Cover Confirmed". 6 Degrees. February 7, 2008. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "Splendor Magazine". horacionieto.com. Archived from the original on December 25, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b "Can She Stay On Top?". Time Out Magazine. Archived from the original on February 7, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Metrostyle Teams up with Winners from the Television Show America's Next Top Model". businesswire.com.
Jump up ^ "Lot29 Billboard". Adrants.com.
Jump up ^ "Second Time Square Billboards".
Jump up ^ "Clothing". Marianne Stores. Archived from the original on February 3, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Cesar Galindo". Isabella Gucci.
Jump up ^ "Heart On My Sleeve". Archived from the original on July 26, 2008.
Jump up ^ "title". YRB Magazine. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Jaslene". COACD.BlogSpot.com.
Jump up ^ Provost, Felicia. https://www.linkedin.com/in/felicia-provost-77ba69103. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ "'Her body is covered in sores and her teeth are rotting': The former America's Next Top Model contestant battling a meth addiction".
Jump up ^ "This "America's Next Top Model" Contestant Bounced Back After a Dangerous Drug Addiction". Cosmopolitan. 2017-03-29. Retrieved 2017-10-07.
Jump up ^ Sarah VonderHaar, Are You Listening Now, retrieved 2017-10-07
Jump up ^ Bill Covert (2012-12-21), Sarah VonderHaar "I Got Sunshine", retrieved 2017-10-07
Jump up ^ IIvy Aahi (2011-01-16), Sarah VonderHaar All Mine Video, retrieved 2017-10-07
Jump up ^ Cassandra Watson – SMG Models[permanent dead link]
External links[edit]
Official page at The CW
America's Next Top Model at the Internet Movie Database
Entertainment Tonight
Pictures and Official Previews at tv.yahoo.com
TV Guide.com Interviews Eliminated Contestants
America's Next Top Model, cycle 8 at TV.com
[hide]
v
t
e
America's Next Top Model
Cycles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
All-Stars (17)
British Invasion (18)
College Edition (19)
Guys & Girls
20
21
22
23
24
Contestants
Winners
Adrianne Curry
Yoanna House
Eva Pigford
Naima Mora
Nicole Linkletter
Danielle Evans
CariDee English
Jaslene Gonzalez
Saleisha Stowers
Whitney Thompson
McKey Sullivan
Nicole Fox
Krista White
Ann Ward
Brittani Kline
Lisa D'Amato
Sophie Sumner
Laura James
Jourdan Miller
Keith Carlos
Nyle DiMarco
Other alumni
Elyse Sewell
Mercedes Scelba-Shorte
Yaya DaCosta
Toccara Jones
Bre Scullark
Kim Stolz
Cassandra Whitehead
Jade Cole
Melrose Bickerstaff
Eugena Washington
Anchal Joseph
Renee DeWitt
Chantal Jones
Heather Kuzmich
Lisa Jackson
Anya Kop
Fatima Siad
Dominique Reighard
Analeigh Tipton
Isis King
Allison Harvard
Celia Ammerman
Natalie Pack
Laura Kirkpatrick
Jane Randall
Esther Petrack
AzMarie Livingston
Jasmia Robinson
Leila Goldkuhl
Chantelle Young
Related series
Modelville (2008)
Stylista (2008)
True Beauty (2009–2010)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=America%27s_Next_Top_Model_(cycle_8)&oldid=831382218"
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