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State of the Union
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"States of the Union" redirects here. For other uses, see State of the Union (disambiguation).
For the most recent State of the Union address, see 2018 State of the Union Address.
The State of the Union Address is an annual message[1] presented by the President of the United States to a joint session of the United States Congress, except in the first year of a new president's term.[2] The message includes a budget message and an economic report of the nation, and also allows the President to outline their legislative agenda (for which the cooperation of Congress is needed) and national priorities.[3]
The address fulfills rules in Article II, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution, requiring the President to periodically "give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient."[1] During most of the country's first century, the President primarily only submitted a written report to Congress. After 1913, Woodrow Wilson, the 28th U.S. President, began the regular practice of delivering the address to Congress in person as a way to rally support for his agenda.[1] With the advent of radio and television, the address is now broadcast live across the country on many networks.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Ceremony
2 History
3 Delivery of the speech
3.1 Invitations
3.2 Protocol of entry into House chamber
3.3 Designated survivor and other logistics
4 Opposition response
5 Significance
6 Local versions
7 Historic speeches
8 TV ratings
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Ceremony[edit]
The practice arises from a duty given to the president in the Constitution of the United States:
He shall from time to time give to Congress information of the State of the Union and recommend to their Consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.
—  Article II, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution
Although the language of this State of the Union Clause[5] of the Constitution is not specific, since the 1930s, the President makes this report annually in late January or early February. Between 1934 and 2013 the date has been as early as January 3,[6] and as late as February 12.[7]
While not required to deliver a speech, every president since Woodrow Wilson, with the notable exception of Herbert Hoover,[8] has made at least one State of the Union report as a speech delivered before a joint session of Congress. Before that time, most presidents delivered the State of the Union as a written report.[6]
Since Franklin Roosevelt, the State of the Union is given typically each January before a joint session of the United States Congress and is held in the House of Representatives chamber of the United States Capitol. Newly inaugurated presidents generally deliver an address to Congress in February of the first year of their term, but this speech is not officially considered to be a "State of the Union".[6]
What began as a communication between president and Congress has become a communication between the president and the people of the United States. Since the advent of radio, and then television, the speech has been broadcast live on most networks, preempting scheduled programming. To reach the largest audience, the speech, once given during the day, is now typically given in the evening, after 9pm ET (UTC-5).
History[edit]
George Washington's handwritten notes for the first State of the Union Address, January 8, 1790. Full 7 pages.
George Washington delivered the first regular annual message before a joint session of Congress on January 8, 1790, in New York City, then the provisional U.S. capital. In 1801, Thomas Jefferson discontinued the practice of delivering the address in person, regarding it as too monarchical (similar to the Speech from the Throne). Instead, the address was written and then sent to Congress to be read by a clerk until 1913 when Woodrow Wilson re-established the practice despite some initial controversy. However, there have been exceptions to this rule. Presidents during the latter half of the 20th century[who?] have sent written State of the Union addresses. The last President to do this was Jimmy Carter in 1981, after his defeat by Ronald Reagan and days before his term ended.[9]
For many years, the speech was referred to as "the President's Annual Message to Congress".[10] The actual term "State of the Union" first emerged in 1934 when Franklin D. Roosevelt used the phrase, becoming its generally accepted name since 1947.[10]
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
State of the Union (Four Freedoms) (January 6, 1941)
Franklin Delano Roosevelt's January 6, 1941 State of the Union Address introducing the theme of the Four Freedoms (starting at 32:02)
Problems playing this file? See media help.
Prior to 1934, the annual message was delivered at the end of the calendar year, in December. The ratification of the 20th Amendment on January 23, 1933, changed the opening of Congress from early March to early January, affecting the delivery of the annual message. Since 1934, the message or address has been delivered to Congress in January or February.
The Twentieth Amendment also established January 20 as the beginning of the presidential term. In years when a new president is inaugurated, the outgoing president may deliver a final State of the Union message, but none has done so since Jimmy Carter sent a written message in 1981. In 1953 and 1961, Congress received both a written State of the Union message from the outgoing president and a separate State of the Union speech by the incoming president. Since 1989, in recognition that the responsibility of reporting the State of the Union formally belongs to the president who held office during the past year, newly inaugurated Presidents have not officially called their first speech before Congress a "State of the Union" message.
In 1936, President Roosevelt set a precedent when he delivered the address at night. Only once before—when Woodrow Wilson asked Congress to order the U.S. into World War I—had a sitting president addressed Congress at night.[11]
The text of the first page of Ronald Reagan's first State of the Union Address, given January 26, 1982
Warren Harding's 1922 speech was the first to be broadcast on radio, albeit to a limited audience,[12] while Calvin Coolidge's 1923 speech was the first to be broadcast across the nation.[2] Harry S. Truman's 1947 address was the first to be broadcast on television. Lyndon B. Johnson's address in 1965 was the first delivered in the evening.[12] Three years later, in 1968, television networks in the United States, for the first time, imposed no time limit for their coverage of a State of the Union address. Delivered by Lyndon B. Johnson, this address was followed by extensive televised commentary by, among others, Daniel Patrick Moynihan and Milton Friedman.[13] Ronald Reagan's 1986 State of the Union Address is the only one to have been postponed. He had planned to deliver it on January 28, 1986 but postponed it for a week after learning of the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster and instead addressed the nation on the day's events.[14][15] Bill Clinton's 1997 address was the first broadcast available live on the World Wide Web.[16]
Delivery of the speech[edit]
A formal invitation is made by the Speaker of the House to the President several weeks before each State of the Union Address.[17][18]
Invitations[edit]
Every member of Congress can bring one guest to the State of the Union address. The President may invite up to 24 guests with the First Lady in her box. The Speaker of the House may invite up to 24 guests in the Speaker’s box. Seating for Congress on the main floor is by a first-in, first-served basis with no reservations. The Cabinet, Supreme Court justices, members of the Diplomatic Corps, and Joint Chiefs have reserved seating.
Protocol of entry into House chamber[edit]
By approximately 8:30 pm on the night of the address, the members of the House have gathered in their seats for the joint session.[19] Then, the Deputy Sergeant at Arms addresses the Speaker and loudly announces the Vice President and members of the Senate, who enter and take the seats assigned for them.[19]
The Speaker, and then the Vice President, specify the members of the House and Senate, respectively, who will escort the President into the House chamber.[19] The Deputy Sergeant at Arms addresses the Speaker again and loudly announces, in order, the Dean of the Diplomatic Corps, the Chief Justice of the United States and the Associate Justices, and the Cabinet, each of whom enters and takes their seats when called.[19] The justices take the seats nearest to the Speaker's rostrum and adjacent to the sections reserved for the Cabinet and the members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.[20]
The Sergeants at Arms of the House (left) and Senate (right) wait at the doorway to the House chamber before President Barack Obama enters to deliver the 2011 State of the Union Address.
Just after 9 pm, as the President reaches the door to the chamber,[21] the House Sergeant at Arms stands just inside the doors, faces the Speaker, and waits until the President is ready to enter the chamber.[20] When the President is ready, the Sergeant at Arms always announces his entrance, loudly stating the phrase: "Mister Speaker, the President of the United States!"[21]
As applause and cheering begins, the President slowly walks toward the Speaker's rostrum, followed by members of his Congressional escort committee.[21] The President's approach is slowed by pausing to shake hands, hug, kiss, and autograph copies of his speech for Members of Congress.[20] After he takes his place at the House Clerk's desk,[21] he hands two manila envelopes, previously placed on the desk and containing copies of the speech, to the Speaker and Vice President.
After continuing applause from the attendees has diminished, the Speaker introduces the President to the Representatives and Senators, stating: "Members of Congress, I have the high privilege and distinct honor of presenting to you the President of the United States."[20][21] This leads to a further round of applause and, eventually, the beginning of the address by the President.[21]
At close of the ceremony, attendees leave on their own accord. The Sergeants at Arms guides the President out of the Chamber. Some politicians stay to shake hands with and congratulate the President on his way out.
Designated survivor and other logistics[edit]
Customarily, one cabinet member (the designated survivor) does not attend the speech, in order to provide continuity in the line of succession in the event that a catastrophe disables the President, the Vice President, and other succeeding officers gathered in the House chamber. Additionally, since the September 11 attacks in 2001, a few members of Congress have been asked to relocate to undisclosed locations for the duration of the speech to form a rump Congress in the event of a disaster.[22] Since 2003, each chamber of Congress has formally named a separate designated survivor.[23][24]
President George W. Bush with Senate President (U.S. Vice President) Dick Cheney and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi during the 2007 State of the Union address. 2007 marked the first time that a woman had occupied the Speaker of the House chair. (audio only)
Both the Speaker and the Vice President sit at the Speaker's desk, behind the President for the duration of the speech. If either is unavailable, the next highest-ranking member of the respective house substitutes. Once the chamber settles down from the President's arrival, the Speaker officially presents the President to the joint session of Congress. The President then delivers the speech from the podium at the front of the House Chamber.
In the State of the Union the President traditionally outlines the administration's accomplishments over the previous year, as well as the agenda for the coming year, often in upbeat and optimistic terms.[25] Since the 1982 address, it has also become common for the President to honor special guests sitting in the gallery, such as American citizens or visiting heads of state. During that 1982 address, President Ronald Reagan acknowledged Lenny Skutnik for his act of heroism following the crash of Air Florida Flight 90.[26] Since then, the term "Lenny Skutniks" has been used to refer to individuals invited to sit in the gallery, and then cited by the President, during the State of the Union.[27][28]
State of the Union speeches usually last a little over an hour, partly because of the large amounts of applause that occur from the audience throughout. The applause is often political in tone, with many portions of the speech being applauded only by members of the President's own party. As non-political officeholders, members of the Supreme Court or the Joint Chiefs of Staff rarely applaud in order to retain the appearance of political impartiality. In recent years, the presiding officers of the House and the Senate, the Speaker and the Vice President, respectively, have departed from the neutrality expected of presiding officers of deliberative bodies, as they, too, stand and applaud in response to the remarks of the President with which they agree.
For the 2011 address, Senator Mark Udall of Colorado proposed a break in tradition wherein all members of Congress sit together regardless of party, as well as the avoiding of standing;[29] this was in response to the 2011 Tucson Shooting in which Representative Gabrielle Giffords was shot and wounded in an assassination attempt. This practice was also repeated during the 2012 address and every address after.[30]
Opposition response[edit]
Main article: Response to the State of the Union address
Since 1966,[31] the speech has been followed on television by a response or rebuttal by a member of the major political party opposing the President's party. The response is typically broadcast from a studio with no audience. In 1970, the Democratic Party put together a TV program with their speech to reply to President Nixon, as well as a televised response to Nixon's written speech in 1973.[32] The same was done by Democrats for President Reagan's speeches in 1982 and 1985. The response is not always produced in a studio; in 1997, the Republicans for the first time delivered the response in front of high school students.[33] In 2004, the Democratic Party's response was also delivered in Spanish for the first time, by New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson.[34] In 2011, Minnesota Congresswoman Michele Bachmann also gave a televised response for the Tea Party Express, a first for a political movement.[35]
Significance[edit]
Although much of the pomp and ceremony behind the State of the Union address is governed by tradition rather than law, in modern times, the event is seen as one of the most important in the US political calendar. It is one of the few instances when all three branches of the US government are assembled under one roof: members of both houses of Congress constituting the legislature, the President's Cabinet constituting the executive, and the Chief Justice and Associate Justices of the Supreme Court constituting the judiciary. In addition, the military is represented by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, while foreign governments are represented by the Dean of the Diplomatic Corps. The address has also been used as an opportunity to honor the achievements of some ordinary Americans, who are typically invited by the President to sit with the First Lady.[28]
Local versions[edit]
Certain states have a similar annual address given by the governor. For most of them, it is called the State of the State address. In Iowa, it is called the Condition of the State Address; in Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia, the speech is called the State of the Commonwealth address. The mayor of Washington, D.C. gives a State of the District address. American Samoa has a State of the Territory address given by the governor. Puerto Rico has a State Address given by the governor.
Some cities or counties also have an annual State of the City Address given by the mayor, county commissioner or board chair, including Sonoma County, California; Orlando, Florida; Cincinnati, Ohio; New Haven, Connecticut; Parma, Ohio; Detroit, Michigan; Seattle, Washington; Birmingham, Alabama; Boston, Massachusetts; Los Angeles, California; Buffalo, New York; Rochester, New York; San Antonio, Texas; McAllen, Texas; and San Diego, California. The Mayor of the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County in Nashville, Tennessee gives a speech similar called the State of Metro Address. Some university presidents give a State of the University address at the beginning of every academic term.[36][37] Private companies usually have a "State of the Corporation" or "State of the Company" address given by the respective CEO.[38]
The State of the Union model has also been adopted by the European Union,[39] and in France since the presidency of Emmanuel Macron.
Historic speeches[edit]
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Play media
Roosevelt's Second Bill of Rights (excerpt)
President James Monroe first stated the Monroe Doctrine during his seventh annual State of the Union Address to Congress on December 2, 1823. It became a defining moment in the foreign policy of the United States and one of its longest-standing tenets, and would be invoked by many U.S. statesmen and several U.S. presidents, including Theodore Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, and Ronald Reagan.
The Four Freedoms were goals first articulated by Franklin D. Roosevelt on January 6, 1941. In an address known as the Four Freedoms speech, he proposed four fundamental freedoms that people "everywhere in the world" ought to enjoy: freedom of speech and expression, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear.
During his State of the Union Address on January 11, 1944, FDR proposed the Second Bill of Rights. Roosevelt's argument was that the "political rights" guaranteed by the constitution and the Bill of Rights had "proved inadequate to assure us equality in the pursuit of happiness".
During his State of the Union address on January 8, 1964, Lyndon B. Johnson introduced legislation that would come to be known as the "War on Poverty". This legislation was proposed by Johnson in response to a national poverty rate of around nineteen percent. The speech led the United States Congress to pass the Economic Opportunity Act, which established the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) to administer the local application of federal funds targeted against poverty.
During his State of the Union address on January 15, 1975, Gerald R. Ford very bluntly stated that "the state of the Union is not good: Millions of Americans are out of work... We depend on others for essential energy. Some people question their Government's ability to make hard decisions and stick with them; they expect Washington politics as usual." Ford said he didn't "expect much, if any, applause. The American people want action, and it will take both the Congress and the President to give them what they want. Progress and solutions can be achieved, and they will be achieved."
George W. Bush delivers the 2002 State of the Union
In his 2002 State of the Union Address, President George W. Bush identified North Korea, Iran, and Iraq as representing significant threats to the United States. He said, "States like these and their terrorist allies constitute an axis of evil, arming to threaten the peace of the world". In this speech, he would outline the objectives for the War on Terror.
TV ratings[edit]
Television ratings for recent State of the Union Addresses were:[40][41][42]
Date
President
Viewers,
millions
Households,
millions
Rating
Networks
1/30/2018 Donald Trump 45.551 32.168 26.9 ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, ESTRELLA, TELEMUNDO, UNIVISION, CNN, FOX BUSINESS, FOXNC, MSNBC, PBS
2/28/2017 Donald Trump 47.741 33.857 28.7 ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, UNIVISION, PBS, CNN, FOX BUSINESS, FOXNC, MSNBC, NBC UNIVERSO
1/12/2016 Barack Obama 31.334 23.040 19.6 ABC, AL JAZEERA AMERICA, AZTECA, CBS, CNN, FOX, FOX BUSINESS, FOXNC, GALAVISION, MSNBC, NBC, NBC UNIVERSO, UNIVISION**
1/20/2015 Barack Obama 31.710 23.137 19.9 ABC, AL JAZEERA AMERICA, AZTECA, CBS, CNN, FOX, FOX BUSINESS, FOXNC, GALAVISION, MSNBC, MUNDOFOX, NBC, UNIVISION**
1/28/2014 Barack Obama 33.299 23.949 20.7 CBS, ABC, NBC, FOX, AZTECA, FOX BUSINESS, FOXNC, CNN, MSNBC, CNBC, AL JAZEERA AMERICA, GALAVISION, MUN2, UNIVISION**
2/12/2013 Barack Obama 33.497 24.767 21.8 FOX, ABC, CBS, NBC, PBS, AZTECA, UNIVISION, MFX, CNBC, CNN, FOX BUSINESS, FOXNC, MSNBC, CURRENT, CENTRIC, GALAVISION
1/24/2012 Barack Obama 37.752 27.569 24.0 ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, TELEMUNDO, TF, UNIVISION, CNBC, CNN, FOX BUSINESS, FOXNC, GALAVISION, MSNBC, MUN2
1/25/2011 Barack Obama 42.789 30.871 26.6 ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, TELEMUNDO, UNIVISION, CNN, CENTRIC, CNBC, FOXNC, MSNBC
1/27/2010 Barack Obama 48.009 34.182 29.8 ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, TELEMUNDO, UNIVISION, CNN, BET, CNBC, FOXNC, MSNBC
2/24/2009 Barack Obama 52.373 37.185 32.5 ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, CNBC, CNN, FOXNC, MSNBC, TELEMUNDO, UNIVISION
1/28/2008 George W. Bush 37.515 27.702 24.7 ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, CNN, FOXNC, MSNBC, TELEMUNDO**, UNIVISION
1/24/2007 George W. Bush 45.486 32.968 29.6 ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, CNN, FOXNC, MSNBC, TELEMUNDO, UNIVISION
2/01/2006 George W. Bush 43.179 30.528 31.2 ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, CNN, FOXNC, MSNBC, TELEMUNDO, AZTECA AMERICA, TELFUTURA
2/02/2005 George W. Bush 39.432 28.359 35.3 ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, CNN, FOXNC, MSNBC, TELEMUNDO, TELEFUTURA
1/20/2004 George W. Bush 43.411 30.286 28.0 ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, CNN, CNBC, FOXNC, MSNBC
1/28/2003 George W. Bush 62.061 41.447 38.8 ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, CNN, CNBC, FOXNC, MSNBC
1/29/2002 George W. Bush 51.773 35.547 33.6 ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, CNN, CNBC, FOXNC, MSNBC
2/27/2001 George W. Bush 39.793 28.201 27.6 ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, CNN, FOXNC, MSNBC
1/27/2000 Bill Clinton 31.478 22.536 22.4 ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, CNN, FOXNC, MSNBC
1/19/1999 Bill Clinton 43.500 30.700 31.0 ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, CNN, FOXNC, MSNBC
1/27/1998 Bill Clinton 53.077 36.513 37.2 ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, CNN, FOXNC, MSNBC, CNBC
2/04/1997 Bill Clinton 41.100 27.600 28.4 ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, CNN
1/23/1996 Bill Clinton 40.900 28.400 29.6 ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC, CNN
1/24/1995 Bill Clinton 42.200 28.100 29.5 ABC, CBS, NBC, CNN
1/25/1994 Bill Clinton 45.800 31.000 32.9 ABC, CBS, NBC, CNN
2/17/1993 Bill Clinton 66.900 41.200 44.3 ABC, CBS, NBC, CNN
Notes
The 1993, 2001, 2009 and 2017 addresses were not, officially, State of the Union addresses, but rather addresses to a joint session Congress because in those years the presidents were in office for only a few weeks at the time the speech was given.[2][42]
**Tape delayed[42]
See also[edit]
List of joint sessions of the United States Congress
State Opening of Parliament
United States presidential address
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "State of the Union Address | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives". history.house.gov. Retrieved January 28, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Diaz, Daniella (February 28, 2017). "Why Trump's Tuesday speech isn't a State of the Union address". CNN. Retrieved February 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ben's Guide to U.S. Government". United States Government Printing Office. Archived from the original on February 25, 2009.
Jump up ^ "31.7 Million Viewers Tune In To Watch Pres. Obama's State of the Union Address". The Nielsen Company (Press release). January 21, 2015. On Tuesday, Jan. 20, 2015, President Barack Obama delivered his annual State of the Union address. The address was carried live from 9:00 p.m. to 10:15 p.m. on 13 networks and tape-delayed on Univision.
Jump up ^ Vasan Kesavan and J. Gregory Sidak (2002). "The Legislator-In-Chief". William and Mary Law Review. 44 (1). Retrieved June 28, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c The President's State of the Union Address: Tradition, Function, and Policy Implications (PDF). Congressional Research Service. January 24, 2014. p. 2.
Jump up ^ Jackson, David (January 11, 2013). "Obama State of the Union set for Feb. 12". USA Today.
Jump up ^ "State of the Union Addresses and Messages: research notes by Gerhard Peters". The American Presidency Project (APP). Retrieved 24 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Peters, Gerhard. "State of the Union Messages". The American Presidency Project. Retrieved September 25, 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b Kolakowski, Michael & Neale, Thomas H. (March 7, 2006). "The President's State of the Union Message: Frequently Asked Questions" (PDF). Congressional Research Service Report for Congress. Retrieved January 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ "President to Appear Before Congress: Message to be Delivered Friday night". Fairbanks Daily News-Miner. Associated Press. January 2, 1936. p. A1.
^ Jump up to: a b Robert Yoon, CNN Political Research Director (February 12, 2013). "State of the Union firsts". CNN. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kurlansky, Mark (2004). 1968: The Year That Rocked the World. New York: Ballantine. p. 44. ISBN 0-9659111-4-4.
Jump up ^ "Address to the nation on the Challenger disaster". Ronald Reagan Presidential Library. Retrieved July 4, 2006.
Jump up ^ Weinraub, Bernard (January 29, 1986). "The Shuttle Explosion: Reagan Postpones State of the Union Speech". The New York Times. p. A9.
Jump up ^ Office of the Clerk. Joint Meetings, Joint Sessions, and Inaugurations. House History. United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on January 18, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Speaker Boehner Extends President Obama Formal Invitation to Deliver State of the Union Address". Speaker Boehner's Press Office (Press release). January 11, 2011.
Jump up ^ "State of the Union 2015". Speaker Boehner's Press Office (Press release). December 19, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Joint Session of Congress Pursuant to House Concurrent Resolution 228 to Receive a Message from the President" (PDF). Congressional Record: H414. January 27, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "President Delivers State of the Union Address" (Transcript). CNN. January 28, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Joint Session of Congress Pursuant to House Concurrent Resolution 228 to Receive a Message from the President" (PDF). Congressional Record: H415. January 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ Roberts, Roxanne (September 20, 2016). "The truth behind the 'designated survivor,' the president of the post-apocalypse". Washington Post. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
Jump up ^ Schultheis, Emily (February 28, 2017). "Joint session 2017: The history of the "designated survivor"". CBS News. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
Jump up ^ Oritz, Erik (January 30, 2018). "Designated survivors recount nights as doomsday presidents". NBC News. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
Jump up ^ Widmer, Ted (January 31, 2006). "The State of the Union Is Unreal". The New York Times. Retrieved January 22, 2007.
Jump up ^ O'Keefe, Ed (January 24, 2012). "Three decades of 'Skutniks' began with a federal employee". Washington Post. Retrieved January 26, 2012.
Jump up ^ Wiggin, Addison (January 25, 2011). "Small Business Owners Should Be Obama's Lenny Skutnik". Forbes. Retrieved January 24, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Clines, Francis X. (August 24, 1996). "Bonding as New Political Theater: Bring On the Babies and Cue the Yellow Dog". The New York Times. Retrieved January 24, 2012.
Jump up ^ Epstein, Jennifer (January 13, 2011). "Mark Udall wants parties together at State of the Union". Politico.
Jump up ^ Hennessey, Kathleen (January 21, 2012). "Rival parties to mix it up – nicely – at State of the Union". Los Angeles Times.
Jump up ^ Office of the Clerk. "Opposition Responses to State of the Union Messages (1966–Present)". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 23, 2007.
Jump up ^ Frum, David (2000). How We Got Here: The '70s. New York: Basic Books. p. 47. ISBN 0-465-04195-7.
Jump up ^ Sincere, Richard E., Jr. (February 1997). "O.J., J.C., and Bill: Reflections on the State of the Union". Metro Herald. Archived from the original on July 31, 2002. Retrieved January 23, 2007. Watts told his audience—about 100 high school students from the CloseUp Foundation watched in person, while a smaller number watched on television at home—that he is 'old enough to remember the Jim Crow' laws that affected him and his family while he grew up in a black neighborhood in small-town Oklahoma.
Jump up ^ York, Byron (January 21, 2004). "The Democratic Response You Didn't See". National Review. Retrieved January 23, 2007. And then there was the Spanish-language response—the first ever—delivered by New Mexico governor, and former Clinton energy secretary, Bill Richardson.
Jump up ^ "Michele Bachmann offers Tea Party response to President Obama's State of the Union Address". The Washington Post. January 26, 2011. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "UNH State of the University 2015". The University of New Hampshire (Press release). February 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "State of the University 2015". Santa Clara University (Press release). February 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ Goldman, Jeremy (January 20, 2015). "Why Your Company Deserves a 'State of the Union' Address". Inc.
Jump up ^ "EU has survived economic crisis, Barroso says in first State of Union address". EUobserver.com. September 7, 2010.
Jump up ^ "2018 State of The Union Address TV Ratings". Nielsen. 2018-01-31. Retrieved 2018-01-31.
Jump up ^ "2017 State of The Union Address TV Ratings". Nielsen. 2017-02-28. Retrieved 2018-01-11.
^ Jump up to: a b c "2016 State of The Union Address TV Ratings". Nielsen. 2016-01-13. Retrieved 2018-01-11.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to State of the Union.
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Portal:State of the Union Speeches by United States Presidents
The American Presidency Project: State of the Union Messages "Established in 1999 as a collaboration between John Woolley and Gerhard Peters at the University of California, Santa Barbara," currently (January 2010), the APP "archives contain 87,448 documents related to the study of the Presidency".
State of the Union videos and transcripts at C-SPAN (since 1945)
State of the Union (Visualizations, Statistical Analysis, and Searchable texts)
State of the Union Addresses of American Presidents (1790–2002) (in downloadable electronic file formats)
State of the Union Addresses of American Presidents (1790–2006) (HTML format)
Searchable visualizations of all State of the Union Addresses of American Presidents (1790–2009)
The State of the Union Text and PDF at U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO) from January 28, 1992 to current date
Top 10 State of the Union Addresses, RealClearPolitics.com
The 2013 State of the Union Address on YouTube (1:01:02)
State of the Union Speeches by United States Presidents
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List of Grand Slam men's singles champions
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This article details the list of men's singles Grand Slam tournaments tennis champions. Some major changes have taken place in history and have affected the number of titles that have been won by various players. These have included the opening of the French national championships to international players in 1925, the elimination of the challenge round in 1922, and the admission of professional players in 1968 (the start of the 'Open' era).[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
Note: All of these tournaments have been listed since they began, rather than when they officially became majors. The Australian and US tournaments have only been officially regarded as majors by the ILTF (now the ITF) since 1924 (though many regarded the US Championships as a major before then). The French Championships have only been a major since 1925 (when it became open to all amateurs internationally). Before 1924 (since 1912/1913 to 1923) there were 3 official majors: Wimbledon, the World Hard Court Championships (played on clay) and the World Covered Court Championships (played on an indoor wood surface).
Roger Federer has won 19 Major singles titles, 8 of them at Wimbledon - the most by any man in history.
Rod Laver is the only man in history to win all four Majors in the same calendar year "The Grand Slam" twice (1962 and 1969)
Don Budge is the only male player in tennis history to have won six consecutive Grand Slam singles titles, from Wimbledon 1937 to U.S. Championships 1938.
Rafael Nadal has won 16 Major titles, including 10 French Open titles at Roland Garros, making him the only male player with ten titles at one particular Grand Slam event.
Pete Sampras won 14 Major titles, 7 of them at Wimbledon. 14 Major titles was the world record at the time of his retirement in 2002.
Bill Tilden won 10 Major titles in the 1920s, becoming the first male player to achieve this feat.
Ken Rosewall holds a record 15 Pro Slam titles, and a record 23 overall Major titles, counting both Amateur and Pro circuits.
Roy Emerson was the first male player in history to win each Major title twice, and the only player to have won a career Grand Slam in both singles and doubles.
Novak Djokovic is the first player to hold all four major titles on three different surfaces simultaneously. He is tied with Roy Emerson for 12 major titles and for the all-time record of 6 Australian titles.
Andre Agassi was the first male player to complete the Career Grand Slam on three different surfaces, and the first male player in history to win the Career Golden Slam (winning the four Grand Slams and the Olympic Gold Medal in singles).
Contents
[hide]
1 Champions by year
2 Statistics
2.1 Grand Slam singles titles by decade
2.1.1 1920s
2.1.2 1930s
2.1.3 1940s
2.1.4 1950s
2.1.5 1960s
2.1.6 1970s
2.1.7 1980s
2.1.8 1990s
2.1.9 2000s
2.1.10 2010s
2.2 Most Grand Slam singles titles (5 or more)
2.3 Most singles titles by Grand Slam tournament
2.4 Grand Slam singles titles by country (open era)
2.5 Most consecutive years with at least one Grand Slam title
2.6 Achieved a Career Grand Slam
2.7 Completed the Grand Slam
2.8 Winners of three Grand Slam singles tournaments in the same calendar year
2.9 Winners of two Grand Slam singles tournaments in the same calendar year
2.10 Winners of three or more consecutive Grand Slam singles titles
2.11 Winners of five or more singles titles at one Grand Slam tournament
2.12 Winners of four or more consecutive singles titles at one Grand Slam tournament
2.13 Winning a Grand Slam singles tournament without losing a set
2.13.1 Chronological timeline (by player)
2.13.2 Occurrences by Grand Slam tournament
3 See also
4 Notes
Champions by year
Year
Australian Open
French Open
Wimbledon
US Open
1877 started in 1905 started in 1891 GBR: Spencer Gore started in 1881
1878 tournament not created tournament not created Frank Hadow tournament not created
1879 tournament not created tournament not created John Hartley (1/2) tournament not created
1880 tournament not created tournament not created John Hartley (2/2) tournament not created
1881 tournament not created tournament not created William Renshaw (1/7) USA: Richard Sears (1/7)
1882 tournament not created tournament not created William Renshaw (2/7) Richard Sears (2/7)
1883 tournament not created tournament not created William Renshaw (3/7) Richard Sears (3/7)
1884 tournament not created tournament not created William Renshaw (4/7) Richard Sears (4/7)
1885 tournament not created tournament not created William Renshaw (5/7) Richard Sears (5/7)
1886 tournament not created tournament not created William Renshaw (6/7) Richard Sears (6/7)
1887 tournament not created tournament not created Herbert Lawford Richard Sears (7/7)
1888 tournament not created tournament not created Ernest Renshaw Henry Slocum (1/2)
1889 tournament not created tournament not created William Renshaw (7/7) Henry Slocum (2/2)
1890 tournament not created tournament not created Willoughby Hamilton Oliver Campbell (1/3)
1891 tournament not created Briggs, H.H. Briggs * Wilfred Baddeley (1/3) Oliver Campbell (2/3)
1892 tournament not created FRA: Schopfer, JeanJean Schopfer * Wilfred Baddeley (2/3) Oliver Campbell (3/3)
1893 tournament not created Riboulet, LaurentLaurent Riboulet * Joshua Pim (1/2) Robert Wrenn (1/4)
1894 tournament not created Vacherot, AndréAndré Vacherot * Joshua Pim (2/2) Robert Wrenn (2/4)
1895 tournament not created Vacherot, AndréAndré Vacherot * Wilfred Baddeley (3/3) Fred Hovey
1896 tournament not created Vacherot, AndréAndré Vacherot * Harold Mahony Robert Wrenn (3/4)
1897 tournament not created Aymé, PaulPaul Aymé * Reginald Doherty (1/4) Robert Wrenn (4/4)
1898 tournament not created Aymé, PaulPaul Aymé * Reginald Doherty (2/4) Malcolm Whitman (1/3)
1899 tournament not created Aymé, PaulPaul Aymé * Reginald Doherty (3/4) Malcolm Whitman (2/3)
1900 tournament not created Aymé, PaulPaul Aymé * Reginald Doherty (4/4) Malcolm Whitman (3/3)
1901 tournament not created Vacherot, AndréAndré Vacherot * Arthur Gore (1/3) William Larned (1/7)
1902 tournament not created Vacherot, MichelMichel Vacherot * Laurence Doherty (1/6) William Larned (2/7)
1903 tournament not created Decugis, MaxMax Decugis * Laurence Doherty (2/6) Laurence Doherty (3/6)
1904 tournament not created Decugis, MaxMax Decugis * Laurence Doherty (4/6) Holcombe Ward
1905 AUS: Rodney Heath (1/2) Germot, MauriceMaurice Germot * Laurence Doherty (5/6) Beals Wright
1906 NZL: Anthony Wilding (1/6) Germot, MauriceMaurice Germot * Laurence Doherty (6/6) William Clothier
1907 Horace Rice Decugis, MaxMax Decugis * Norman Brookes (1/3) William Larned (3/7)
1908 Fred Alexander Decugis, MaxMax Decugis * Arthur Gore (2/3) William Larned (4/7)
1909 Anthony Wilding (2/6) Decugis, MaxMax Decugis * Arthur Gore (3/3) William Larned (5/7)
1910 Rodney Heath (2/2) Germot, MauriceMaurice Germot * Anthony Wilding (3/6) William Larned (6/7)
1911 Norman Brookes (2/3) Gobert, AndréAndré Gobert * Anthony Wilding (4/6) William Larned (7/7)
1912 James Cecil Parke Decugis, MaxMax Decugis * Anthony Wilding (5/6) Maurice McLoughlin (1/2)
1913 Ernie Parker Decugis, MaxMax Decugis * Anthony Wilding (6/6) Maurice McLoughlin (2/2)
1914 Arthur O'Hara Wood Decugis, MaxMax Decugis * Norman Brookes (3/3) Richard Williams (1/2)
1915 Francis Lowe no competition no competition William Johnston (1/3)
1916 no competition no competition no competition Richard Williams (2/2)
1917 no competition no competition no competition Robert Lindley Murray (1/2)
1918 no competition no competition no competition Robert Lindley Murray (2/2)
1919 Algernon Kingscote † no competition Gerald Patterson (1/3) William Johnston (2/3)
1920 Pat O'Hara Wood (1/2) Gobert, AndréAndré Gobert * Bill Tilden (1/10) Bill Tilden (2/10)
1921 Rhys Gemmell Samazeuilh, JeanJean Samazeuilh * Bill Tilden (3/10) Bill Tilden (4/10)
1922 James Anderson (1/3) Cochet, HenriHenri Cochet * Gerald Patterson (2/3) Bill Tilden (5/10)
1923 Pat O'Hara Wood (2/2) †† Blanchy, FrançoisFrançois Blanchy * William Johnston (3/3) Bill Tilden (6/10)
1924 James Anderson (2/3) Borotra, JeanJean Borotra * Jean Borotra (1/4) Bill Tilden (7/10)
1925 James Anderson (3/3) René Lacoste (1/7) ** René Lacoste (2/7) Bill Tilden (8/10)
1926 John Hawkes Henri Cochet (1/7) Jean Borotra (2/4) René Lacoste (3/7)
1927 Gerald Patterson (3/3)††† René Lacoste (4/7) Henri Cochet (2/7) René Lacoste (5/7)
1928 Jean Borotra (3/4) Henri Cochet (3/7) René Lacoste (6/7) Henri Cochet (4/7)
1929 John Gregory René Lacoste (7/7) Henri Cochet (5/7) Bill Tilden (9/10)
1930 Edgar Moon Henri Cochet (6/7) Bill Tilden (10/10) John Doeg
1931 Jack Crawford (1/6) Jean Borotra (4/4) Sidney Wood Ellsworth Vines (1/3)
1932 Jack Crawford (2/6) Henri Cochet (7/7) Ellsworth Vines (2/3) Ellsworth Vines (3/3)
1933 Jack Crawford (3/6) Jack Crawford (4/6) Jack Crawford (5/6) Fred Perry (1/8)
1934 Fred Perry (2/8) GER: Gottfried von Cramm (1/2) Fred Perry (3/8) Fred Perry (4/8)
1935 Jack Crawford (6/6) Fred Perry (5/8) Fred Perry (6/8) Wilmer Allison
1936 Adrian Quist (1/3) GER: Gottfried von Cramm (2/2) Fred Perry (7/8) Fred Perry (8/8)
1937 Vivian McGrath Henner Henkel Don Budge (1/6) Don Budge (2/6)
1938 Don Budge (3/6) Don Budge (4/6) Don Budge (5/6) Don Budge (6/6)
1939 John Bromwich (1/2) Don McNeill (1/2) Bobby Riggs (1/3) Bobby Riggs (2/3)
1940 Adrian Quist (2/3) no competition no competition Don McNeill (2/2)
1941 no competition held under German occupation *** no competition Bobby Riggs (3/3)
1942 no competition held under German occupation *** no competition Ted Schroeder (1/2)
1943 no competition held under German occupation *** no competition Joseph Hunt
1944 no competition held under German occupation *** no competition Frank Parker (1/4)
1945 no competition Yvon Petra—unrecognized winner *** no competition Frank Parker (2/4)
1946 John Bromwich (2/2) Marcel Bernard Yvon Petra Jack Kramer (1/3)
1947 Dinny Pails HUN: József Asbóth Jack Kramer (2/3) Jack Kramer (3/3)
1948 Adrian Quist (3/3) Frank Parker (3/4) Bob Falkenburg Pancho Gonzales (1/2)
1949 Frank Sedgman (1/5) Frank Parker (4/4) Ted Schroeder (2/2) Pancho Gonzales (2/2)
1950 Frank Sedgman (2/5) Budge Patty (1/2) Budge Patty (2/2) Arthur Larsen
1951 Richard Savitt (1/2) EGY: Jaroslav Drobný (1/3) Richard Savitt (2/2) Frank Sedgman (3/5)
1952 Ken McGregor Jaroslav Drobný (2/3) Frank Sedgman (4/5) Frank Sedgman (5/5)
1953 Ken Rosewall (1/8) Ken Rosewall (2/8) Vic Seixas (1/2) Tony Trabert (1/5)
1954 Mervyn Rose (1/2) Tony Trabert (2/5) EGY: Jaroslav Drobný (3/3) Vic Seixas (2/2)
1955 Ken Rosewall (3/8) Tony Trabert (3/5) Tony Trabert (4/5) Tony Trabert (5/5)
1956 Lew Hoad (1/4) Lew Hoad (2/4) Lew Hoad (3/4) Ken Rosewall (4/8)
1957 Ashley Cooper (1/4) SWE: Sven Davidson Lew Hoad (4/4) Malcolm Anderson
1958 Ashley Cooper (2/4) Mervyn Rose (2/2) Ashley Cooper (3/4) Ashley Cooper (4/4)
1959 Alex Olmedo (1/2) ITA: Nicola Pietrangeli (1/2) Alex Olmedo (2/2) Neale Fraser (1/3)
1960 Rod Laver (1/11) Nicola Pietrangeli (2/2) Neale Fraser (2/3) Neale Fraser (3/3)
1961 Roy Emerson (1/12) ESP: Manuel Santana (1/4) Rod Laver (2/11) Roy Emerson (2/12)
1962 Rod Laver (3/11) Rod Laver (4/11) Rod Laver (5/11) Rod Laver (6/11)
1963 Roy Emerson (3/12) Roy Emerson (4/12) Chuck McKinley MEX: Rafael Osuna
1964 Roy Emerson (5/12) Manuel Santana (2/4) Roy Emerson (6/12) Roy Emerson (7/12)
1965 Roy Emerson (8/12) Fred Stolle (1/2) Roy Emerson (9/12) Manuel Santana (3/4)
1966 Roy Emerson (10/12) Tony Roche Manuel Santana (4/4) Fred Stolle (2/2)
1967 Roy Emerson (11/12) Roy Emerson (12/12) John Newcombe (1/7) John Newcombe (2/7)
1968 William Bowrey Amateur era tennis ends Open era tennis begins Ken Rosewall (5/8) Rod Laver (7/11) Arthur Ashe (1/3)
1969 Rod Laver (8/11) Rod Laver (9/11) Rod Laver (10/11) Rod Laver (11/11)
1970 Arthur Ashe (2/3) TCH: Jan Kodeš (1/3) John Newcombe (3/7) Ken Rosewall (6/8)
1971 Ken Rosewall (7/8) Jan Kodeš (2/3) John Newcombe (4/7) Stan Smith (1/2)
1972 Ken Rosewall (8/8) Andrés Gimeno Stan Smith (2/2) ROU: Ilie Năstase (1/2)
1973 John Newcombe (5/7) Ilie Năstase (2/2) Jan Kodeš (3/3) John Newcombe (6/7)
1974 Jimmy Connors (1/8) Björn Borg (1/11) Jimmy Connors (2/8) Jimmy Connors (3/8)
1975 John Newcombe (7/7) Björn Borg (2/11) Arthur Ashe (3/3) Manuel Orantes
1976 Mark Edmondson Adriano Panatta Björn Borg (3/11) Jimmy Connors (4/8)
1977 Roscoe Tanner (Jan) ARG: Guillermo Vilas (1/4) Björn Borg (4/11) Guillermo Vilas (2/4)
Vitas Gerulaitis (Dec)
1978 Guillermo Vilas (3/4) †††† Björn Borg (5/11) Björn Borg (6/11) Jimmy Connors (5/8)
1979 Guillermo Vilas (4/4) †††† Björn Borg (7/11) Björn Borg (8/11) John McEnroe (1/7)
1980 Brian Teacher †††† Björn Borg (9/11) Björn Borg (10/11) John McEnroe (2/7)
1981 RSA: Johan Kriek (1/2) †††† Björn Borg (11/11) John McEnroe (3/7) John McEnroe (4/7)
1982 Johan Kriek (2/2) †††† Mats Wilander (1/7) Jimmy Connors (6/8) Jimmy Connors (7/8)
1983 Mats Wilander (2/7) †††† Yannick Noah John McEnroe (5/7) Jimmy Connors (8/8)
1984 Mats Wilander (3/7) †††† Ivan Lendl (1/8) John McEnroe (6/7) John McEnroe (7/7)
1985 Stefan Edberg (1/6) †††† Mats Wilander (4/7) FRG: Boris Becker (1/6) Ivan Lendl (2/8)
1986 no competition Ivan Lendl (3/8) Boris Becker (2/6) Ivan Lendl (4/8)
1987 Stefan Edberg (2/6) Ivan Lendl (5/8) Pat Cash Ivan Lendl (6/8)
1988 Mats Wilander (5/7) Mats Wilander (6/7) Stefan Edberg (3/6) Mats Wilander (7/7)
1989 Ivan Lendl (7/8) Michael Chang Boris Becker (3/6) Boris Becker (4/6)
1990 Ivan Lendl (8/8) ECU: Andrés Gómez Stefan Edberg (4/6) Pete Sampras (1/14)
1991 GER: Boris Becker (5/6) Jim Courier (1/4) Michael Stich Stefan Edberg (5/6)
1992 Jim Courier (2/4) Jim Courier (3/4) Andre Agassi (1/8) Stefan Edberg (6/6)
1993 Jim Courier (4/4) Sergi Bruguera (1/2) Pete Sampras (2/14) Pete Sampras (3/14)
1994 Pete Sampras (4/14) Sergi Bruguera (2/2) Pete Sampras (5/14) Andre Agassi (2/8)
1995 Andre Agassi (3/8) AUT: Thomas Muster Pete Sampras (6/14) Pete Sampras (7/14)
1996 Boris Becker (6/6) RUS: Yevgeny Kafelnikov (1/2) NED: Richard Krajicek Pete Sampras (8/14)
1997 Pete Sampras (9/14) BRA: Gustavo Kuerten (1/3) Pete Sampras (10/14) Patrick Rafter (1/2)
1998 CZE: Petr Korda Carlos Moyá Pete Sampras (11/14) Patrick Rafter (2/2)
1999 Yevgeny Kafelnikov (2/2) Andre Agassi (4/8) Pete Sampras (12/14) Andre Agassi (5/8)
2000 Andre Agassi (6/8) Gustavo Kuerten (2/3) Pete Sampras (13/14) Marat Safin (1/2)
2001 Andre Agassi (7/8) Gustavo Kuerten (3/3) CRO: Goran Ivanišević Lleyton Hewitt (1/2)
2002 Thomas Johansson Albert Costa Lleyton Hewitt (2/2) Pete Sampras (14/14)
2003 Andre Agassi (8/8) Juan Carlos Ferrero SUI: Roger Federer (1/19) Andy Roddick
2004 Roger Federer (2/19) Gastón Gaudio Roger Federer (3/19) Roger Federer (4/19)
2005 Marat Safin (2/2) Rafael Nadal (1/16) Roger Federer (5/19) Roger Federer (6/19)
2006 Roger Federer (7/19) Rafael Nadal (2/16) Roger Federer (8/19) Roger Federer (9/19)
2007 Roger Federer (10/19) Rafael Nadal (3/16) Roger Federer (11/19) Roger Federer (12/19)
2008 SRB: Novak Djokovic (1/12) Rafael Nadal (4/16) Rafael Nadal (5/16) Roger Federer (13/19)
2009 Rafael Nadal (6/16) Roger Federer (14/19) Roger Federer (15/19) Juan Martín del Potro
2010 Roger Federer (16/19) Rafael Nadal (7/16) Rafael Nadal (8/16) Rafael Nadal (9/16)
2011 Novak Djokovic (2/12) Rafael Nadal (10/16) Novak Djokovic (3/12) Novak Djokovic (4/12)
2012 Novak Djokovic (5/12) Rafael Nadal (11/16) Roger Federer (17/19) Andy Murray (1/3)
2013 Novak Djokovic (6/12) Rafael Nadal (12/16) Andy Murray (2/3) Rafael Nadal (13/16)
2014 Stan Wawrinka (1/3) Rafael Nadal (14/16) Novak Djokovic (7/12) Marin Čilić
2015 Novak Djokovic (8/12) Stan Wawrinka (2/3) Novak Djokovic (9/12) Novak Djokovic (10/12)
2016 Novak Djokovic (11/12) Novak Djokovic (12/12) Andy Murray (3/3) Stan Wawrinka (3/3)
2017 Roger Federer (18/19) Rafael Nadal (15/16) Roger Federer (19/19) Rafael Nadal (16/16)
Legend
Player won all 4 Grand Slam tournaments in the same year
Player won 3 Grand Slam tournaments in the same year
Player won 2 Grand Slam tournaments in the same year
Italics – open only to specific club members of the host country
* authorities differ on whether these events should count toward grand slam totals
** The French Championships opened itself to international competitors and renamed as Championnats Internationaux de France (de tennis).
*** French Championships held between 1941 and 1945 are not recognized by the tournament organizer. See Tournoi de France
† Held in January 1920, before the 1920 Australasian Championships
†† Held in August 1923, after Wimbledon and before the US National Championships
††† Renamed from Australasian Championships to Australian Championships
†††† Australian Open held in December of the year it is listed under, after the US Open
Statistics
Grand Slam singles titles by decade
1920s
9
Tilden
7
Lacoste
5
Cochet
3
Anderson, Borotra
2
Patterson, Wood
1
Gemmel, Gregory, Hawkes, Johnston
1930s
8
Perry
6
Budge, Crawford
3
Vines
2
Cochet, von Cramm, Riggs
1
Allison, Borotra, Bromwich, Doeg, Henkel, McGrath, McNeill, Moon, Quist, Tilden, Wood
1940s
4
Parker
3
Kramer
2
Gonzales, Quist, Schroeder
1
Asboth, Bernard, Bromwich, Falkenburg, Hunt, McNeill, Pails, Petra, Riggs, Sedgman
1950s
5
Trabert
4
Cooper, Hoad, Rosewall, Sedgman
3
Drobny
2
Olmedo, Patty, Rose, Savitt, Seixas
1
Anderson, Davidson, Fraser, Larsen, McGregor, Pietrangeli
1960s
12
Emerson
11
Laver
4
Santana
2
Fraser, Newcombe, Stolle
1
Ashe, Bowrey, McKinley, Osuna, Pietrangeli, Roche, Rosewall
1970s
8
Borg
5
Newcombe, Connors
4
Vilas
3
Rosewall, Kodes
2
Smith, Năstase, Ashe
1
Edmondson, Gerulaitis, Gimeno, McEnroe, Orantes, Panatta, Tanner
1980s
7
Lendl, Wilander
6
McEnroe
4
Becker
3
Borg, Connors, Edberg
2
Kriek
1
Cash, Chang, Noah, Teacher
1990s
12
Sampras
5
Agassi
4
Courier
3
Edberg
2
Becker, Bruguera, Kafelnikov, Rafter
1
Gómez, Korda, Krajicek, Kuerten, Lendl, Moyá, Muster, Stich
2000s
15
Federer
6
Nadal
3
Agassi
2
Hewitt, Safin, Sampras, Kuerten
1
Costa, Djokovic, Ferrero, Gaudio, Ivanišević, Johansson, del Potro, Roddick
2010s
11
Djokovic
10
Nadal
4
Federer
3
Murray, Wawrinka
1
Čilić
Most Grand Slam singles titles (5 or more)
All time
Rank
Player
Total
Winning Span
Australian Open
French Open
Wimbledon
US Open
1 Roger Federer 19 15 5 1 8 5
2 Rafael Nadal 16 13 1 10 2 3
3 Pete Sampras 14 13 2 0 7 5
4 Roy Emerson 12 7 6 2 2 2
Novak Djokovic 12 9 6 1 3 2
6 Rod Laver 11 10 3 2 4 2
Björn Borg 11 8 0 6 5 0
8 Bill Tilden 10 11 0 0 3 7
9 Fred Perry 8 4 1 1 3 3
Ken Rosewall 8 20 4 2 0 2
Jimmy Connors 8 10 1 0 2 5
Ivan Lendl 8 7 2 3 0 3
Andre Agassi 8 12 4 1 1 2
14 Richard Sears 7 7 0 0 0 7
William Renshaw 7 9 0 0 7 0
William Larned 7 11 0 0 0 7
René Lacoste 7 5 0 3 2 2
Henri Cochet 7 7 0 4 2 1
John Newcombe 7 9 2 0 3 2
John McEnroe 7 6 0 0 3 4
Mats Wilander 7 7 3 3 0 1
22 Laurence Doherty 6 5 0 0 5 1
Tony Wilding 6 8 2 0 4 0
Jack Crawford 6 5 4 1 1 0
Don Budge 6 2 1 1 2 2
Stefan Edberg 6 8 2 0 2 2
Boris Becker 6 12 2 0 3 1
28 Frank Sedgman 5 4 2 0 1 2
Tony Trabert 5 3 0 2 1 2
Open Era
Rank
Player
Total
Winning Span
Australian Open
French Open
Wimbledon
US Open
1 Roger Federer 19 15 5 1 8 5
2 Rafael Nadal 16 13 1 10 2 3
3 Pete Sampras 14 13 2 0 7 5
4 Novak Djokovic 12 9 6 1 3 2
5 Björn Borg 11 8 0 6 5 0
6 Jimmy Connors 8 10 1 0 2 5
Ivan Lendl 8 7 2 3 0 3
Andre Agassi 8 12 4 1 1 2
9 John McEnroe 7 6 0 0 3 4
Mats Wilander 7 7 3 3 0 1
11 Stefan Edberg 6 8 2 0 2 2
Boris Becker 6 12 2 0 3 1
13 Rod Laver 5 10 1 1 2 1
John Newcombe 5 9 2 0 2 1
Most singles titles by Grand Slam tournament
All Time
Grand Slam
Wins #
Player(s)
Australian Open 6 Roy Emerson
Novak Djokovic
French Open 10 Rafael Nadal
Wimbledon 8 Roger Federer
US Open 7 Richard Sears
William Larned
Bill Tilden
Open Era
Grand Slam
Wins #
Player(s)
Australian Open 6 Novak Djokovic
French Open 10 Rafael Nadal
Wimbledon 8 Roger Federer
US Open 5 Jimmy Connors
Pete Sampras
Roger Federer
Note: Bold indicates player still active.
Grand Slam singles titles by country (open era)
51
United States
25
Sweden
23
Spain
22
Switzerland
20
Australia
12
Czechoslovakia (one as Czech Republic)
12
Serbia
7
Germany (also West Germany)
6
Argentina
4
Russia
3
Brazil, United Kingdom
2
Croatia, Romania, South Africa
1
Austria, Ecuador, France, Italy, Netherlands
Most consecutive years with at least one Grand Slam title
Year #
Span
Player(s)
10 2005–2014 Rafael Nadal
8 1974–1981 Björn Borg
8 1993–2000 Pete Sampras
8 2003–2010 Roger Federer
7 1881–1887 Richard Sears
Note: * indicates ongoing streak, bold indicates player still active.
Achieved a Career Grand Slam
These players won all four majors. The year listed is the year the player first won each tournament; the last one is marked in bold. The age listed is the age at the end of that last tournament, i.e., the age at which the player completed his Career Grand Slam.
Player
Australian Open
French Open
Wimbledon
US Open
Age
Fred Perry 1934 1935 1934 1933 26 years, 15 days
Don Budge 1938 1938 1937 1937 22 years, 357 days
Rod Laver 1960 1962 1961 1962 24 years, 32 days
Roy Emerson 1961 1963 1964 1961 27 years, 244 days
Andre Agassi 1995 1999 1992 1994 29 years, 38 days
Roger Federer 2004 2009 2003 2004 27 years, 203 days
Rafael Nadal 2009 2005 2008 2010 24 years, 101 days
Novak Djokovic 2008 2016 2011 2011 29 years, 14 days
Completed the Grand Slam
(Winners of all four Grand Slam singles tournaments in the same calendar year[9][10][11][12][13])
Australian—French—Wimbledon—U.S.:
1938 Don Budge
1962 Rod Laver
1969 Rod Laver (2)
Winners of three Grand Slam singles tournaments in the same calendar year
Note: players with four titles are not included here.
Australian—French—Wimbledon:
1933 J Crawford
1956 L Hoad
Australian—French—U.S.:
1988 M Wilander
Australian—Wimbledon—U.S.:
1934 F Perry
1958 A Cooper
1964 R Emerson
1974 J Connors
2004 R Federer
2006 R Federer (2)
2007 R Federer (3)
2011 N Djokovic
2015 N Djokovic (2)
French—Wimbledon—U.S.:
1955 T Trabert
2010 R Nadal
Winners of two Grand Slam singles tournaments in the same calendar year
Note: players with more than two titles are not included here.
Australian—French:
1953 Ken Rosewall
1963 Roy Emerson
1967 Roy Emerson (2)
1992 Jim Courier
2016 Novak Djokovic
Australian—Wimbledon:
1951 Dick Savitt
1959 Alex Olmedo
1965 Roy Emerson
1994 Pete Sampras
1997 Pete Sampras (2)
2017 Roger Federer
Australian—U.S.:
1961 Roy Emerson
1973 John Newcombe
French—Wimbledon:
1925 René Lacoste
1935 Fred Perry
1950 Budge Patty
1978 Björn Borg
1979 Björn Borg (2)
1980 Björn Borg (3)
2008 Rafael Nadal
2009 Roger Federer
French—U.S.:
1927 René Lacoste
1928 Henri Cochet
1977 Guillermo Vilas
1986 Ivan Lendl
1987 Ivan Lendl (2)
1999 Andre Agassi
2013 Rafael Nadal
2017 Rafael Nadal (2)
Wimbledon—U.S.:
1903 Laurence Doherty
1920 Bill Tilden
1921 Bill Tilden (2)
1932 Ellsworth Vines
1936 Fred Perry
1937 Don Budge
1939 Bobby Riggs
1947 Jack Kramer
1952 Frank Sedgman
1960 Neale Fraser
1967 John Newcombe
1981 John McEnroe
1982 Jimmy Connors
1984 John McEnroe (2)
1989 Boris Becker
1993 Pete Sampras
1995 Pete Sampras (2)
2005 Roger Federer
Winners of three or more consecutive Grand Slam singles titles
Titles
Players
Years
6 Don Budge 1937–38
4 Rod Laver 1962
Rod Laver 1969
Novak Djokovic 2015–16
3 Jack Crawford 1933
Tony Trabert 1955
Lew Hoad 1956
Roy Emerson 1964–65
Pete Sampras 1993–94
Roger Federer 2005–06
Roger Federer 2006–07
Rafael Nadal 2010
Novak Djokovic 2011–12
Winners of five or more singles titles at one Grand Slam tournament
All-time
Titles
Player
Grand Slam
10 Rafael Nadal French Open
8 Roger Federer Wimbledon
7 Richard Sears U.S. Championships
William Renshaw Wimbledon Championships
William Larned U.S. Championships
Bill Tilden U.S. Championships
Pete Sampras Wimbledon
6 Roy Emerson Australian Championships
Björn Borg French Open
Novak Djokovic Australian Open
5 Laurence Doherty Wimbledon
Björn Borg Wimbledon
Jimmy Connors US Open
Pete Sampras US Open
Roger Federer US Open
Roger Federer Australian Open
Open Era
Titles
Player
Grand Slam
10 Rafael Nadal French Open
8 Roger Federer Wimbledon
7 Pete Sampras Wimbledon
6 Björn Borg French Open
Novak Djokovic Australian Open
5 Björn Borg Wimbledon
Jimmy Connors US Open
Pete Sampras US Open
Roger Federer US Open
Roger Federer Australian Open
Winners of four or more consecutive singles titles at one Grand Slam tournament
All-time
Titles
Player
Grand Slam
Years
7 Richard Sears U.S. Championships 1881–87
6 William Renshaw Wimbledon 1881–86
Bill Tilden U.S. Championships 1920–25
5 Laurence Doherty Wimbledon 1902–06
William Larned U.S. Championships 1907–11
Roy Emerson Australian Championships 1963–67
Björn Borg Wimbledon 1976–80
Roger Federer Wimbledon 2003–07
Roger Federer US Open 2004–08
Rafael Nadal French Open 2010–14
4 Reginald Doherty Wimbledon 1897–1900
Tony Wilding Wimbledon 1910–13
Björn Borg French Open 1978–81
Pete Sampras Wimbledon 1997–2000
Rafael Nadal French Open 2005–08
Open Era
Titles
Player
Grand Slam
Years
5 Björn Borg Wimbledon 1976–80
Roger Federer Wimbledon 2003–07
Roger Federer US Open 2004–08
Rafael Nadal French Open 2010–14
4 Björn Borg French Open 1978–81
Pete Sampras Wimbledon 1997–2000
Rafael Nadal French Open 2005–08
Bold = Active Streaks
Winning a Grand Slam singles tournament without losing a set
Chronological timeline (by player)
Most in category *
Player
Times
Grand Slam Tournaments
Australian Open
French Open
Wimbledon
US Open
Richard Sears 3 * — — — 1881, 1882, 1883 *
Laurence Doherty 1 — — — 1903
Holcombe Ward 1 — — — 1904
William Larned 1 — — — 1907
Tony Wilding 1 1909 * — — —
Rodney Heath 1 1910 * — — —
Pat O'Hara Wood 1 1923 * — — —
Don Budge 2 1938 * — 1938 * —
John Bromwich 1 1939 * — — —
Frank Parker 1 — — — 1945
Frank Sedgman 1 — — — 1952
Tony Trabert 3 * — — 1955 * 1953, 1955
Neale Fraser 1 — — — 1960[14]
Chuck McKinley 1 — — 1963 * —
Roy Emerson 1 1964 * — — —
Ken Rosewall 1 1971 * — — —
Ilie Năstase 1 — 1973 — —
Björn Borg 3 * — 1978, 1980 1976 * —
Roger Federer 2 2007 * — 2017 * —
Rafael Nadal 3 * — 2008, 2010, 2017 * — —
Occurrences by Grand Slam tournament
Grand Slam Tournament
Times
Number of Players
Player(s)
Australian Open 8 8 Tony Wilding
Rodney Heath
Pat O'Hara Wood
Don Budge
John Bromwich
Roy Emerson
Ken Rosewall
Roger Federer
French Open 6 3 Ilie Năstase
Björn Borg (twice)
Rafael Nadal (3 times)
Wimbledon 5 5 Don Budge
Tony Trabert
Chuck McKinley
Björn Borg
Roger Federer
US Open 11 8 Richard Sears (3 times)
Laurence Doherty
Holcombe Ward
William Larned
Frank Parker
Frank Sedgman
Tony Trabert (twice)
Neale Fraser
See also
Tennis statistics
Chronological list of men's major tennis champions
List of Grand Slam women's singles champions
List of Grand Slam men's doubles champions
List of Grand Slam women's doubles champions
List of Grand Slam mixed doubles champions
List of Grand Slam boys' singles champions
List of Grand Slam girls' singles champions
List of men's Grand Slam, Olympic and ATP Tour Finals and Masters Series singles champions
Notes
Jump up ^ ESPN Sports Almanac 2006, page 814
Jump up ^ World Book Encyclopedia 2008 T p166a
Jump up ^ Compton Encyclopedia 1975 ST p301
Jump up ^ Concord Encyclopedia
Jump up ^ CBS Sports "[1]"
Jump up ^ Top End Sports "[2]"
Jump up ^ USA Today Tennis "[3]"
Jump up ^ Tennis 28 Slams "[4]"
Jump up ^ USOpen.org Archived 1 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "WTA Tour". wtatour.com. Archived from the original on 25 November 2010. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "ROGER FEDERER "CERTAINLY HAS THE CHANCE" AT THE GRAND SLAM, SAYS LAVER". worldtennismagazine.com. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Stats - All Grand Slam Winners - Grand Slam History". www.grandslamhistory.com. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
Jump up ^ CROWE, JERRY (22 May 1994). "Return to Grand Slam Glory : Rod Laver Was the Last Man to Sweep Four Major Titles and Thinks It Can Be Done Again". Retrieved 5 September 2017 – via LA Times.
Jump up ^ "Neale Fraser wins 1960 US Open without dropping set". ATP World Tour. Archived from the original on 22 January 2015. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
[show]
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Grand Slam tournament champions
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All tournaments
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[show]
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value: Campions d'individual masculí dels torneigs del Grand Slam – Catalan

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value: Pobjednici Grand Slam turnira (pojedinačno muškarci) – Croatian

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value: グランドスラム男子シングルス優勝者一覧 – Japanese

value: Lista de campeões em simples de torneios do Grand Slam – Portuguese

value: Список победителей турниров Большого шлема в мужском одиночном разряде – Russian

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