text:
Borders of India
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: Strangely formatted text in sections below. Please help improve this article if you can. (January 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
India land boundaries
This article is about both land and maritime borders. Lakes and rivers boundaries are considered internal waters land borders, not maritime boundaries.
==Land borders of India==there are only seven land borders of india with neighbouring countries.india doesn't make land border with srilanka.
Land Border Country
Length (km) and (mi) [1]
Force
Comments
Afghanistan 106 kilometres (66 mi)[2] Border Security Force PoK border with Wakhan Corridor
Bhutan 699 kilometres (434 mi)[3] Sashastra Seema Bal
Myanmar 1,643 kilometres (1,021 mi) Assam Rifles and Indian Army
Nepal 1,758 kilometres (1,092 mi)[3] Sashastra Seema Bal
Pakistan 3,323 kilometres (2,065 mi) Border Security Force
China 3,380 kilometres (2,100 mi) Indo-Tibetan Border Police and Special Frontier Force
Bangladesh 4,097 kilometres (2,546 mi) Border Security Force India–Bangladesh enclaves exchanged
Sri Lanka 30 kilometres (19 mi) Indian Coast Guard On a Ram Sethu sand dune.
Contents
[hide]
1 Maritime borders of India
2 Designated crossings with ICP & LCS
2.1 Integrated Check Posts (ICP)
2.1.1 India-Bangladesh border
2.1.2 India-Bhutan border
2.1.3 India–Myanmar border
2.1.4 India-Nepal border
2.1.5 India-Pakistan border
2.2 Land Customs Stations (LCS)
2.2.1 India-Bangladesh border
2.2.2 India-Pakistan border
3 Border bazaars and haats
3.1 India–Myanmar border
3.2 India-Bangladesh border
4 References
4.1 See also
4.2 External links
4.3 Citation
Maritime borders of India[edit]
Maritime borders of India are the maritime boundary recognized by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea entails boundaries of territorial waters, contiguous zones, and exclusive economic zones. India, with its claim of 12 nautical mile territorial sea and 200 nautical miles exclusive economic zone, has more than 7000 km maritime border shared with 7 nations.
Land Border Country
Length (km) and (mi) [4]
Force
Comments
Bangladesh Indian Navy
Indonesia Indian Navy Indira Point
Myanmar Indian Navy Coco Islands
Pakistan Indian Navy Sir Creek
Thailand Indian Navy
Sri Lanka >400 kilometres (250 mi)[5] Indian Navy
Maldives Indian Navy
Designated crossings with ICP & LCS[edit]
The map of ICP and LCS.
Integrated Check Posts (ICP)[edit]
India has 7 functional ICPs, and plans are underway to upgrade 13 more LCS to ICP, including 7 at borders taking total of border ICP to 14, at the cost of ₹3,000 crore (US$460 million) (c. Oct 2017).[6][7] Designated Integrated Check Posts (ICP), with both customs and immigration facilities are:[8]
India-Bangladesh border[edit]
Assam
Karimganj-Gopalganj District, Bangladesh via Sutarkandi integrated checkpost crossing on NH37(India) and Sheola post (Sylhet division, Bangladesh), plan announced c. Oct 2017.[6]
Meghalaya
Shillong-Sylhet via Dawki ICP integrated checkpost crossing (Jaintia Hills, India) and Tambil post (Bangladesh). Dawki ICP foundation stone laid in January 2017 and will become operation in 2018.[9]
Mizoram
Kawarpuchiah/Kawripuichhuah, plan announced c. Oct 2017.[6]
Tripura
Agartala-Dhaka via Agartala integrated checkpost (India) and Akhaura checkpost crossing, already functional (c. 2017).[7]
Santirbazar-Feni via Santirbazar integrated border checkpost road and railway crossing in South Tripura district
West Bengal
Kolkata–Dhaka via Petrapole integrated checkpost crossing, already functional (c. 2017).[7]
Malda-Rajshahi via Mahadipur crossing
Changrabandha railway station
Hili, plan announced c. Oct 2017.[6]
Ghojadanga, plan announced c. Oct 2017.[6]
Mahadipur, plan announced c. Oct 2017.[6]
Fulbari, plan announced c. Oct 2017.[6]
India-Bhutan border[edit]
Jaigaon at Alipurduar district of West Bengal, plan approved c. 2016.[10]
India–Myanmar border[edit]
Moreh ICP, already operational.[11]
Zorinpui in Lawngtlai district, already operational in Oct 2017 for Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project.[11]
India-Nepal border[edit]
Jogbani, Bihar[10]
Raxaul, Bihar[10]
Sonauli, Uttar Pradeshref name=nep1/>
Rupaidiha, Uttar Pradesh[10]
Panitanki, Darjeeling district of West Bengal.[10]
India-Pakistan border[edit]
See also: Transport between India and Pakistan
Attari at Wagah in Punjab, already operational (2017) (see Samjhauta Express).
Munabao in Barmer district in Rajasthan (see Thar Express)
Land Customs Stations (LCS)[edit]
India-Bangladesh border[edit]
Designated Land Customs Stations (LCS) are (no immigration facilities):[12]
Assam
Mankachar Land Customs Stations (India) - Rowmari post (Natun Bandar, Rongpur division, Bangladesh)
Karimganj Steamer and Ferry Station (KSFS) (India) - Zakiganj post (Sylhet division, Bangladesh)
Guwahati Steamer Ghat (Dhubri district, India) -
Dhubri Steamer Ghat (Dhubri district, India) - Rowmati (Maymansingh division, Bangladesh)
Assam non-functional LCS are:
Mahisasan railway station (Karimganj district, India) - Shahbazpur (Sylhet division)
Golokganj (Dhubri district) - Sonahaat (Rongpur Division)
Silchar Railway Mail Service (India) - independent of border (no border, inland LCS)
West Bengal
Meghalaya
Baghmara (South Garo Hills, India) - Bijoyour post (Bangladesh)
Bholaganj (East Khasi Hills district) - Chatak (Sunamganj division)
Borsara Land Customs Stations (West Khasi Hills, India) - Borsara post (Bangladesh)
West Garo Hills - Bakshiganj via Mahendraganj crossing on NH12
Tura-Nalitabari via Dalu crossing on NH217 (West Garo Hills, India) and Nakugaon post (Bangladesh)
Shellabazar (West Khasi Hills district) - Sunamganj(Sylhet division)
Gasuapara (South Garo Hills district)- Karoitol (Mymansing division)
Meghalaya non-functional LCS are:
Ryngku (East Khasi Hills district) - Kalibari (Sonamganj division)
Balat (East Khasi Hills district) - Dolura (Sylhet division)
Tripura
Srimantapur (Sipahijala district) - Bibir Bazar (Comilla division), became operational in January 2016.[13]
Dhalaighat (Dhalai district) - Kumarghat (Sunamganj division)
Khowaighat (West Tripura district) - Balla (Habiganj division)
Manu (Dhalai district) - Chatlapur (Sylhet division )
Muhurighat (South Tripura district) - Belonia (Feni division )
Old Ragnabazar (North Tripura district) - Betul (Fultali) (Sylhet division)
Mizoram
Kawarpuchiah integrated checkpost, opened in Oct 2017 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.[14]
Non-functional LCS in Mizoram:
Demagiri (Lunglei district) - Rangamati (Sylhet division)
India-Pakistan border[edit]
Longewala in Jaisalmer district of Rajsthan
Border bazaars and haats[edit]
This proposed list of border bazaars and haats in varying stages of implementation, as suggested by State Governments to Ministry of External Affairs for setting up Border Haats.[15]
India–Myanmar border[edit]
As of April 2012, India and Myanmar have approved two locations – Pangsau Pass, Arunachal Pradesh and Somrai in Ukhrul District. These are likely to be finalised soon during a forthcoming visit of Hon’ble Prime Minister to Myanmar.[15]
Arunachal Pradesh Border Haats
Pangsau Pass (Nampong), Changlang - Pangsau, Kachin Province
Chingsa (Khimiyang Circle), Changlang - Langhong, Kachin Province
Makantong (Khimiyang Circle), Changlang - Ngaimong, Kachin Province
Wakka/Pongchao/Lazu - Tirap, Kachin Province
Manipur Border Haats
Kongkan Thana, Ukhrul - Aungci Suggested by State Government
New Somtal, Chandel - Thenjen, or Khampat
Behiang, Churachandpur - Khenman, or Chikha
Mizoram Border Haats
Hruitezawl, Lawngtlai - Varang
Hnahlan, Champhai - Darkhai
Vaphai, Champhai - Leilet
Chakhang, Saiha - Nviaphia
Nagaland Border Haats
Avakhung, Phek - Layshi are 32 km from each other
Pangsha, Tuensang - Lahe/Hkamti District HQ are 60 km from each other
Chemoho/Longwa, Mon - Lahe are 60 km from each other
Molhe, Phek - Pansat are 10 km from each other
India-Bangladesh border[edit]
Meghalaya
Kalaichar, West Garo Hills
Balat, West Khasi Hills
Mizoram
Marpara, Mamit - Longkor
Sillsury, Lunglei - Mahmuam
Tuipuibari, Mamit - Not provided
Nunsuri, Lunglei - Not provided
Tripura: Decision on Tripura Haats will be subsequent to the completion of agreement w.r.t. Meghalaya Haats.
Kamalasagar, West Tripura
Boxanagar
Bamutia
Srinagar, South Tripura
Ekimpur
Pal Basti (Raghna), North Tripura
Hiracherra (Kailasahar)
Kamalpur, Dhalai
References[edit]
See also[edit]
Look East policy
Look-East connectivity
Northeast India connectivity projects
External links[edit]
MDoNER Northeast India and SAARC Trade Assessment report
List of countries that have ratified Law of the Sea Conventions
Citation[edit]
Jump up ^ eJyoti Discovering facts, Information website
Jump up ^ The Times of India, News website
^ Jump up to: a b SSB to strengthen presence on India-Bhutan border, Times of India, 20 Dec 2017.
Jump up ^ eJyoti Discovering facts, Information website
Jump up ^ India-Sri Lanka fishing rights dispute
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g [1], Indian Express, Oct 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c 7 border ICP and total 13 ICP coming up
Jump up ^ http://www.mdoner.gov.in/node/1483 ICP of India]
Jump up ^ Dawki ICP foundation stone laid.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Indo-Nepal and Indo-Bhutan border to have more ICP, Oct 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b India opens two border crossing points with Myanmar, Bangladesh, Times of India, 1 Oct 2o17.
Jump up ^ ICP and LCS
Jump up ^ Srimantapur LCS opens
Jump up ^ India opens two border crossing points with Myanmar, Bangladesh
^ Jump up to: a b Border haats of India
[show]
v
t
e
Borders of India
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
China
Myanmar
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
[show]
v
t
e
Borders of Asia
Sovereign states
Afghanistan
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Brunei
Cambodia
China
Cyprus
East Timor (Timor-Leste)
Egypt
Georgia
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
North Korea
South Korea
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Lebanon
Malaysia
Maldives
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Oman
Pakistan
Philippines
Qatar
Russia
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Syria
Tajikistan
Thailand
Turkey
Turkmenistan
United Arab Emirates
Uzbekistan
Vietnam
Yemen
States with
limited recognition
Abkhazia
Artsakh
Northern Cyprus
Palestine
South Ossetia
Taiwan
Dependencies and
other territories
British Indian Ocean Territory
Christmas Island
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Hong Kong
Macau
[show]
v
t
e
India topics
[show]
History
Overviews
Timeline
Years
Astronomy
Economics
Linguistics
Maritime
Mathematics
Metallurgy
Military
Postal
Science and technology
Pre-colonial
Stone Age
Indus Valley Civilization
Vedic period
Mahajanapadas
Mauryas
Middle kingdoms
Hoysala
Chola
Pala
Kakatiya
Delhi Sultanate
Vijayanagara
Mughals
Marathas
European trade
Colonial
Princely
East India Company
Plassey
1857 rebellion
British Raj
Railways
Economy
Army
Zamindari
Bengali renaissance
Political reforms
Princely states
Partition of Bengal
Independence movement
1943 famine
World War II
Partition
Republic
Integration
Non-Aligned Movement
Five-Year Plans
Sino-Indian War
Indo-Pakistani wars
Green Revolution
White Revolution
Naxal Insurgency
Smiling Buddha
Space programme
The Emergency
Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF)
Economic liberalisation
Pokhran-II
[show]
Geography
Environment
Biosphere reserves
Climate
Climatic regions
Earthquakes
Ecoregions
Environmental issues
Fauna
Flora
Geology
National parks
Protected areas
Wildlife
sanctuaries
Landforms
Beaches
Desert
Extreme points
Glaciers
Islands
Lakes
Mountains
Plains
Indo-Gangetic
Eastern coastal
Western coastal
Rivers
Valleys
Volcanoes
Waterfalls
Regions
East
North
Northeast
South
West
Subdivisions
Autonomous administrative divisions
Cities
Districts
Municipalities
States and territories
[show]
Politics
Government
Agencies
Energy policy
Foreign relations
Parliament
President
Vice President
Prime Minister
Union Council of Ministers
Civil Services
Cabinet Secretary
State governments
Law
Chief Justice
Constitution
District Courts
Fundamental rights, principles and duties
High Courts
Human rights
Supreme Court
Enforcement
Federal
Border Security Force (BSF)
Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)
Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)
Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP)
National Security Guard (NSG)
Railway Protection Force (RPF)
Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB)
Special Protection Group (SPG)
Intelligence
Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D)
Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)
Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI)
Enforcement Directorate
Intelligence Bureau (IB)
Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC)
Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB)
National Investigation Agency (NIA)
Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW)
Military
Army
Navy
Air Force
Politics
Censorship
Elections
Nationalism
Parliament
Lok Sabha
Rajya Sabha
Political parties
INC
BJP
BSP
CPI
CPM
NCP
Reservations
Scandals
Scheduled groups
Secularism
[show]
Economy
Companies
BSE SENSEX
CNX Nifty
Government-owned companies
List of companies
Governance
Ministry of Finance
Finance ministers
Ministry of Commerce and Industry
Commerce ministers
Finance Commission
Planning Commission
Economic Advisory Council
Central Statistical Office
Securities and Exchange Board of India
Enforcement Directorate
Foreign trade
Remittances
Taxation
Subsidies
Industrial licensing
Voluntary guidelines
NITI Aayog
Make in India
FDI in India
Currency
Indian rupee
History
Historical exchange rates data of the Indian rupee
Coinage
Reserve Bank of India
Governors
India Government Mint
Financial services
Banking
Banks
Insurance
Foreign exchange reserves
Bombay Stock Exchange
National Stock Exchange
Multi Commodity Exchange
Bullion
Black money
History
Economic Development
Economic liberalisation
Licence Raj
Green revolution
Government initiatives
Numbering system
People
Billionaires
Businesspeople
Demography
Income
Poverty
Labour law
Pensions
EPFO
NPS
PPF
States
Andhra Pradesh
Assam
Bihar
Goa
Gujarat
Haryana
Himachal Pradesh
Jammu and Kashmir
Karnataka
Kerala
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Manipur
Mizoram
Nagaland
Odisha
Punjab
Rajasthan
Tamil Nadu
Telangana
Uttarakhand
Uttar Pradesh
West Bengal
Sectors
Agriculture
Livestock
Fishing
Automotive
Defence
Construction
Education
Energy
Nuclear
Solar
Wind
Entertainment
Forestry
Gambling
Healthcare
Information technology
Media
Cinema
Television
Printing
Mining
Pharmaceuticals
Retail
Science and technology
Biotechnology
Telecommunications
Textiles
Tourism
Transport
Aviation
Civil
Ports
Rail
Utilities
Electricity
Water
[show]
Society
Culture
Society
Caste system
Corruption
Demographics
Education
Universities in India
Medical colleges in India
Law colleges in India
Engineering colleges in India
Ethnic relations
Healthcare
Hospitals in India
Languages
Literacy
Poverty
Prisons
Religion
Socio-economic issues
Standard of living
Water supply and sanitation
Crime
Culture
Arts and entertainment
Architecture
Blogging
Cinema
Comics
Webcomics
Cuisine
wine
Dance
Dress
Folklore
Festivals
Literature
Media
television
Martial arts
Music
Public holidays
Sport
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borders_of_India&oldid=838382180"
Categories:
Borders of India
Hidden categories:
Articles needing cleanup from January 2018
All pages needing cleanup
Cleanup tagged articles with a reason field from January 2018
Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from January 2018
Pages using div col with deprecated parameters
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Add links
This page was last edited on 26 April 2018, at 17:09.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

value: mw-page-base noprint

value: mw-head-base noprint

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

tag: td

attr: class href

tag: span

tag: small

tag: tr

tag: tbody

value: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Cleanup

value:
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

attr: data-sort-type class tabindex role title

value:
number
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

value:
/wiki/Pakistan-occupied_Kashmir
mw-redirect
Pakistan-occupied Kashmir

value: United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

value:
/wiki/Contiguous_zone
mw-redirect
Contiguous zone

value:
/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zones
mw-redirect
Exclusive economic zones

value: Edit section: Designated crossings with ICP & LCS

value: Edit section: Integrated Check Posts (ICP)

value: Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project

value: Edit section: Land Customs Stations (LCS)

value: -moz-column-width: 15em; -webkit-column-width: 15em; column-width: 15em;

value: Ministry for Development of North Eastern Region

value:
nofollow
external free
http://www.mdoner.gov.in/node/1483

value:
/wiki/Times_of_India
mw-redirect
Times of India

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.mdoner.gov.in/node/1485

value: Afghanistan–India border (page does not exist)

value:
/wiki/China%E2%80%93India_border
mw-redirect
China–India border

value: India–Myanmar border (page does not exist)

value: India–Nepal border (page does not exist)

value: India–Sri Lanka border (page does not exist)

value: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

value: Borders of Afghanistan (page does not exist)

value: Borders of Armenia (page does not exist)

value: Borders of Bahrain (page does not exist)

value: Borders of Bangladesh (page does not exist)

value: Borders of Cambodia (page does not exist)

value: Borders of East Timor (page does not exist)

value: Borders of Georgia (country) (page does not exist)

value: Borders of Indonesia (page does not exist)

value:
/wiki/Borders_of_Iran
mw-redirect
Borders of Iran

value: Borders of Kazakhstan (page does not exist)

value: Borders of North Korea (page does not exist)

value: Borders of South Korea (page does not exist)

value: Borders of Kyrgyzstan (page does not exist)

value: Borders of Lebanon (page does not exist)

value: Borders of the Maldives (page does not exist)

value: Borders of Mongolia (page does not exist)

value: Borders of Myanmar (page does not exist)

value:
/wiki/Borders_of_Pakistan
mw-redirect
Borders of Pakistan

value: Borders of Saudi Arabia (page does not exist)

value: Borders of Singapore (page does not exist)

value: Borders of Sri Lanka (page does not exist)

value: Borders of Tajikistan (page does not exist)

value: Borders of Thailand (page does not exist)

value: Borders of Turkmenistan (page does not exist)

value: Borders of the United Arab Emirates (page does not exist)

value: Borders of Uzbekistan (page does not exist)

value: Borders of Vietnam (page does not exist)

value: Borders of Abkhazia (page does not exist)

value: Borders of the Republic of Artsakh (page does not exist)

value: Borders of Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)

value: Borders of South Ossetia (page does not exist)

value: Borders of the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)

value: Borders of Christmas Island (page does not exist)

value: Borders of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)

value: Borders of Hong Kong (page does not exist)

value: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value: Linguistic history of the Indian subcontinent

value: History of metallurgy in the Indian subcontinent

value: Postage stamps and postal history of India

value: History of science and technology in the Indian subcontinent

value:
/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilization
mw-redirect
Indus Valley Civilization

value: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup

value:
/wiki/Eastern_coastal_plains
mw-redirect
Eastern coastal plains

value:
/wiki/List_of_regions_of_India
mw-redirect
List of regions of India

value: Autonomous administrative divisions of India

value:
/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_India
mw-redirect
List of cities and towns in India

value:
/wiki/List_of_Indian_agencies
mw-redirect
List of Indian agencies

value: Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India

value:
/wiki/List_of_High_Courts_of_India
mw-redirect
List of High Courts of India

value: Bureau of Police Research and Development

value: Category:Government-owned companies of India

value: Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)

value: Minister of Commerce and Industry (India)

value:
/wiki/Finance_Commission_of_India
mw-redirect
Finance Commission of India

value: National Voluntary Guidelines on Social, Environmental and Economic Responsibilities of Business

value: Tables of historical exchange rates to the india rupee

value: List of Governors of Reserve Bank of India

value: List of Indian government initiatives focusing on economic development

value: Employees' Provident Fund Organisation of India

value:
/wiki/National_Pension_Scheme
mw-redirect
National Pension Scheme

value: Category:Economy of India by state or union territory

value:
/wiki/Economy_of_Goa
mw-redirect
Economy of Goa

value:
/wiki/Economy_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir
mw-redirect
Economy of Jammu and Kashmir

value:
/wiki/Economy_of_Manipur
mw-redirect
Economy of Manipur

value:
/wiki/Economy_of_Nagaland
mw-redirect
Economy of Nagaland

value:
/wiki/Civil_Aviation_in_India
mw-redirect
Civil Aviation in India

value:
SocietyCulture
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em
hlist hlist-separated

value:
/wiki/Socio-economic_issues_in_India
mw-redirect
Socio-economic issues in India

value: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value: Category:Articles needing cleanup from January 2018

value: Category:Cleanup tagged articles with a reason field from January 2018

value: Category:Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from January 2018

value: Category:Pages using div col with deprecated parameters

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value:
/wiki/Borders_of_India
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

value: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

value: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

value: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

value: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

value: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

value: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

value: Permanent link to this revision of the page

value: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

value: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Borders_of_India rootpage-Borders_of_India skin-vector action-view


text:
The One with Monica and Chandler's Wedding
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"The One with Monica and Chandler's Wedding"
Friends episode
Joey marries Monica and Chandler in Part Two
Episode no.
Season 7
Episode 23/24
Directed by
Kevin S. Bright
Written by
Gregory S. Malins (part 1)
Marta Kauffman & David Crane (part 2)
Featured music
Violin Renditions of:
"My Love" by Paul McCartney and Wings"[1]
"A Groovy Kind of Love" by Phil Collins
Production code
226422 (part 1)
226423 (part 2)
Original air date
May 17, 2001
Guest appearance(s)
Gary Oldman as Richard Crosby
Kathleen Turner as Helena/Charles Bing
Elliott Gould as Jack Geller
Morgan Fairchild as Nora Tyler Bing
James Michael Tyler as Gunther
Mark Roberts as the director
Christina Pickles as Judy Geller
Episode chronology
← Previous
"The One with Chandler's Dad" Next →
"The One After "I Do""
Friends (season 7)
List of Friends episodes
"The One with Monica and Chandler's Wedding" is a double length episode of the television sitcom Friends. It first aired on May 17, 2001 as the finale of season seven. It is usually broadcast in a one-hour slot and presented on DVD as one complete episode, but when the episodes are split the two parts are differentiated by the suffixes Part 1 and Part 2. For his guest appearance, Gary Oldman was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
1.1 Part One
1.2 Part Two
2 Production
3 Reception
4 References
5 External links
Plot[edit]
Part One[edit]
Monica is making a list of things which are most likely to go wrong which seems to be all Rachel's chores when suddenly Joey appears telling them that he got a part in the movie which he wanted, which is related to World War I.
At the studios, Joey has started shooting with Richard Crosby (Gary Oldman) who keeps spitting while saying his lines which annoys Joey. When he can't stand it anymore, he talks to Richard about it, when Richard tells him that all good actors spit while saying their lines. Therefore, when they shoot the next scene, Joey and Richard both constantly spit at each other while saying their lines. When their scenes are over for the day, Joey is given lines for scenes for the next day. However, Joey can't come the next day since he is performing Monica and Chandler's wedding. Because he's still in the mood of saying the lines, he accidentally spits on the man who gave him the lines, while telling him that he has important plans due to which he can't come.
Back at Monica's apartment, Chandler and Monica are going to their wedding rehearsal. Chandler listens to the answering machine after Monica leaves, when he realizes they're becoming "The Bings". At the rehearsal things are going smoothly until Chandler's parents come and things go crazy. When Chandler's mom, Nora Tyler-Bing (played by Morgan Fairchild), is introduced to Monica's parents Jack and Judy Geller, Jack embarrasses himself by asking her "so...are you Chandler's mom or dad?" Chandler's mom and Chandler's dad, Charles Bing (played by Kathleen Turner), keep having arguments. As a consequence, Rachel is told by Monica to keep them away from each other. Since Rachel doesn't know what Chandler's dad looks like, Monica describes him, saying "a man in the black dress". When Rachel looks around, she spots a woman in a black dress having a drink nearby, and assumes that she is Chandler's dad. When both of them introduce themselves, the woman says her name is Amanda and Rachel replies "Oh, I get it - a-man-duh!", embarrassing herself.
When they return to their apartments, Rachel, Phoebe and Monica are sitting down at the table in Monica's apartment. Monica gets up, walks to her wedding dress and asks Rachel and Phoebe if anyone wanted to be in charge of looking after the dress. Rachel volunteers, but Monica ignores her since she obviously thinks Rachel is irresponsible from results in the past. Rachel is hurt when she volunteers twice and Monica doesn't give her the responsibility. She states that she can be responsible, leading Monica to feel as if she's misjudging her. She apologizes to Rachel and hands over the responsibility to her.
Ross continues with his search for Chandler and goes to Rachel's room. As he isn't there, Ross heads towards the door. However, a yellow piece of paper next to the phone catches his eye. When he unfolds it, he finds a note from Chandler saying "tell Monica I'm sorry". Ross immediately goes across the hall to Monica's apartment - Rachel opens the door when Monica is in her bedroom, and Ross explains the situation to her. A little while later, Phoebe arrives at the door to find out what's going on and when Rachel just hands over the note without explaining the situation, Phoebe assumes Ross wrote it and tells him to tell Monica himself that he's sorry. Ross goes out to search for Chandler but unfortunately fails.
The next morning, Ross arrives at Monica's apartment and informs Rachel and Phoebe that he still hasn't found Chandler. When he leaves, Monica comes out of her room in excitement and starts getting ready. Seeing that Chandler still isn't found and Monica's so excited and thrilled about her wedding day, Rachel starts to panic and eventually cries. Therefore, Phoebe takes her to the bathroom because Monica can't see her in this state or she will know something's wrong. When they're in there, Phoebe finds a positive pregnancy test in the garbage and deduces that Monica is pregnant.
Part Two[edit]
Ross tells Rachel to stall Monica so he can have more time to search for Chandler and Phoebe helps him search. When Monica comes back out of her room to begin getting ready for the wedding, Rachel distracts her by saying "I'm never gonna get married" and started to cry.
Meanwhile, Ross and Phoebe find a confused Chandler in his office. Ross convinces Chandler to go back to the apartment and begin getting ready, doing one thing at a time, not thinking about the goal. In Monica's apartment, Rachel tries other less believable tactics to distract Monica and she realizes that something is going on. Rachel decides to tell Monica, and starts saying "We can't find Chandler...". At this point, Phoebe opens the door and gives a thumbs-up sign to Rachel, who suddenly changes the subject "Chandler...'s vest", controlling the situation.
At the studios, Joey is stuck shooting an easy scene over and over since Richard is drunk and can barely stay focused. The director made it very clear to Joey that he can't leave until the scenes are finished or as long as Richard is on set and conscious, so Joey convinces a confused Richard that they've completed all of their scenes and sends him home.
At the hotel, everything is ready for the wedding when Joey calls Rachel to warn her that he'll be late. Meanwhile, Ross is keeping an eye on Chandler since he still has cold feet. Chandler steps out to sneak a cigarette when he suddenly hears Phoebe and Rachel coming, so he ducks into a storeroom to hide. He overhears that Monica's pregnant and takes off again. Rachel finds another wedding finishing up in the same hotel and convinces the minister to officiate the wedding in case Joey doesn't arrive in time. Meanwhile, Ross and Phoebe find Chandler again, who admits that he was indeed running away until he found a small baby outfit in the hotel's gift store and realized that someone that small can't be scary. He then goes with Phoebe and Ross to the wedding.
As the ceremony begins, Joey finally arrives and takes his place between Monica and Chandler, accidentally letting slip that Chandler had second thoughts about the wedding. Monica delivers her self-written vow, while Chandler delivers one from the heart - both speeches are very moving. When the ceremony is over Chandler tells Monica that he knows about her being pregnant and how Phoebe told him she found a pregnancy test in the trash, but she reveals she didn't take a pregnancy test. Phoebe then turns to Rachel and says "And they're going to have a baby!" Rachel replies in tears, "Uh huh..." The camera then zooms in on Rachel showing her looking worried and very emotional, leaving the audience with the knowledge that it is in fact she who's pregnant.
Production[edit]
The show was filmed over two weeks, with all of the scenes featuring Gary Oldman being filmed in the first week. The wedding was filmed in the second week, with the final shot of Rachel filmed after the studio audience had left.[2]
Reception[edit]
The first part has a 9.1 rating at TV.com[3] with the second having a slightly higher 9.3.[4] Gary Oldman received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series for his portrayal of Richard Crosby. [1]
References[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: The One With Chandler and Rachel's Wedding
Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eKuFyHwG188
Jump up ^ DVD audio commentary
Jump up ^ "Friends: The One with Chandler and Monica's Wedding (1)". TV.com.
Jump up ^ "Friends: The One with Chandler and Monica's Wedding (2)". TV.com.
External links[edit]
"The One with Monica and Chandler's Wedding: Part 1" on IMDb
"The One with Monica and Chandler's Wedding: Part 1" at TV.com
"The One with Monica and Chandler's Wedding: Part 2" on IMDb
"The One with Monica and Chandler's Wedding: Part 2" at TV.com
[hide]
v
t
e
Friends
Characters
Chandler Bing
Phoebe Buffay
Monica Geller
Ross Geller
Rachel Green
Joey Tribbiani
Episodes
Season 1
"The Pilot" (1.01)
"The One with the Sonogram at the End" (1.02)
"The One with George Stephanopoulos" (1.04)
Season 2
"The One with the Lesbian Wedding" (2.11)
"The One After the Superbowl" (2.12–2.13)
"The One with the Prom Video" (2.14)
"The One Where Dr. Ramoray Dies" (2.18)
Season 3
"The One Where No One's Ready" (3.02)
Season 4
"The One with the Embryos" (4.12)
"The One with Ross's Wedding" (4.23–4.24)
Season 5
"The One After Ross Says Rachel" (5.01)
"The One Hundredth" (5.03)
"The One with All the Thanksgivings" (5.08)
"The One with the Girl Who Hits Joey" (5.15)
"The One Where Rachel Smokes" (5.18)
"The One Where Ross Can't Flirt" (5.19)
"The One with the Ride-Along" (5.20)
Season 6
"The One After Vegas" (6.01)
"The One with the Apothecary Table" (6.11)
"The One with the Proposal" (6.24–6.25)
Season 7
"The One with Monica and Chandler's Wedding" (7.23–7.24)
Season 8
"The One with Rachel's Date" (8.05)
"The One with the Rumor" (8.09)
Season 9
–
Season 10
"The Last One" (10.17–10.18)
Related articles
Music
"I'll Be There for You"
Joey
Mad About You
Awards and nominations
Friends ... 'Til the End
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_One_with_Monica_and_Chandler%27s_Wedding&oldid=804202552"
Categories:
2001 American television episodes
Friends (season 7) episodes
Television episodes in multiple parts
Television episodes about weddings
Hidden categories:
Pages using deprecated image syntax
Tv.com template using numeric id
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Español
Edit links
This page was last edited on 7 October 2017, at 13:06.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

tag: div

attr: id class

value: mw-page-base noprint

key: html

type: local

value: mw-head-base noprint

tag: a

attr: id class lang

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

tag: b

tag: th

attr: colspan class style

value: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-weight: normal; background: #CCCCFF; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;

attr: href title

tag: i

attr: colspan style

value: text-align:center;font-weight: bold; font-size: 110%

tag: img

attr: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attr: href class

tag: abbr

attr: scope style

value:
row
white-space: nowrap

tag: br

value:
/wiki/My_Love_(Paul_McCartney_song)
mw-redirect
My Love (Paul McCartney song)

value: text-align:center;background: #CCCCFF; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;

value: text-align: left; padding: 5; margin: 0; padding-left: 1em

value:
/wiki/The_One_with_Chandler%27s_Dad
mw-redirect
The One with Chandler's Dad

value: width: 50%; padding: 0.2em 0.1em 0.2em 0; text-align: center;

value:
/wiki/The_One_After_%22I_Do%22
mw-redirect
The One After "I Do"

value: width: 50%; padding: 0.2em 0 0.2em 0.1em; text-align: center;

value:
/wiki/Situation_comedy
mw-redirect
Situation comedy

attr: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

value:
nofollow
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0583531/
external text

value:
nofollow
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0583532/
external text

value: I'll Be There for You (The Rembrandts song)

value: List of awards and nominations received by Friends

value: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value: Category:2001 American television episodes

value: Category:Television episodes in multiple parts

value: Category:Television episodes about weddings

value: Category:Pages using deprecated image syntax

value: Category:Tv.com template using numeric id

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

value: The One With Chandler and Monica's Wedding – Spanish

value: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

value: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

value:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-The_One_with_Monica_and_Chandler_s_Wedding rootpage-The_One_with_Monica_and_Chandler_s_Wedding skin-vector action-view


text:
Second Great Awakening
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Great Awakening
First (c. 1730–1755)
Second (c. 1790–1840)
Third (c. 1855–1900)
Fourth (c. 1960–1980)
v
t
e
Part of a series on
Baptists
Background[show]
Christianity
Protestantism
Puritanism
Anabaptism
Doctrine[show]
Priesthood of all believers
Individual soul liberty
Separation of church and state
Sola scriptura
Congregationalism
Ordinances
Offices
Confessions
Key figures[show]
John Smyth
Thomas Helwys
Roger Williams
John Clarke
John Bunyan
Shubal Stearns
Andrew Fuller
Charles Spurgeon
D. N. Jackson
James Robinson Graves
William Bullein Johnson
William Carey
Luther Rice
Martin Luther King Jr.
Billy Graham
Organizations[show]
Baptist denominations
Baptist colleges and universities
Baptist World Alliance
Baptist portal
v
t
e
Part of a series on
Methodism
John Wesley
Background[show]
History
(in the United States)
Anglicanism
Arminianism
First Great Awakening
Nonconformism
Pietism
Wesleyanism
Theology[show]
Articles of Religion
Assurance of salvation
Conditional preservation
of the saints
Four sources of
theological authority
Covenant theology
Substitutionary atonement
Imparted righteousness
New birth
Prevenient grace
Plain dress
Real presence
Sanctification
Sunday Sabbatarianism
Temperance
Christian perfection
Works of Piety
Works of Mercy
People[show]
John Wesley
Charles Wesley
George Whitefield
Richard Allen
Francis Asbury
Thomas Coke
William Law
William Williams Pantycelyn
Howell Harris
Albert Outler
James Varick
Countess of Huntingdon
Bishops
Theologians
Groups
Churches
[show]
Methodist Church of Great Britain
Free Methodist Church
United Methodist Church
World Methodist Council
Other Methodist denominations
Organization[show]
Connexionalism
Methodist Circuit
Related groups[show]
Holiness movement
Conservative holiness movement
Pentecostalism
Evangelicalism
Other topics[show]
Circuit rider
Saints in Methodism
Christian views on alcohol
Methodist local preacher
Homosexuality and Methodism
Ordination of women in Methodism
Methodism portal
v
t
e
The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival during the early 19th century in the United States. The movement began around 1790, gained momentum by 1800 and, after 1820, membership rose rapidly among Baptist and Methodist congregations whose preachers led the movement. It was past its peak by the late 1850s. The Second Great Awakening reflected Romanticism characterized by enthusiasm, emotion, and an appeal to the super-natural. It rejected the skeptical rationalism and deism of the Enlightenment.
The revivals enrolled millions of new members in existing evangelical denominations and led to the formation of new denominations. Many converts believed that the Awakening heralded a new millennial age. The Second Great Awakening stimulated the establishment of many reform movements designed to remedy the evils of society before the anticipated Second Coming of Jesus Christ.[1]
Historians named the Second Great Awakening in the context of the First Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s and of the Third Great Awakening of the late 1850s to early 1900s. These revivals were part of a much larger Romantic religious movement that was sweeping across Europe at the time, mainly throughout England, Scotland, and Germany.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Spread of revivals
1.1 Background
1.2 Theology
1.3 Burned-over district
1.4 West and Tidewater South
1.5 West
1.6 Church membership soars
2 Subgroups
2.1 Adventism
2.2 Holiness movement
2.3 Restoration Movement
3 Culture and society
4 Slaves and free Africans
5 Women
6 Prominent figures
7 Political implications
8 See also
9 References
10 Further reading
10.1 Historiography
Spread of revivals[edit]
Background[edit]
Like the First Great Awakening a half century earlier, the Second reflected Romanticism characterized by enthusiasm, emotion, and an appeal to the super-natural.[3] It rejected the skepticism, deism, and rationalism left over from the Enlightenment.[4] At about the same time, similar movements flourished in Europe. Pietism was sweeping German countries.[5] Evangelicalism was waxing strong in England.[6]
The Second Great Awakening occurred in several episodes and over different denominations; however, the revivals were very similar.[4] As the most effective form of evangelizing during this period, revival meetings cut across geographical boundaries,[7] and the movement quickly spread throughout Kentucky, Tennessee and southern Ohio. Each denomination had assets that allowed it to thrive on the frontier. The Methodists had an efficient organization that depended on itinerant ministers, known as circuit riders, who sought out people in remote frontier locations. The circuit riders came from among the common people, which helped them establish rapport with the frontier families they hoped to convert.
Theology[edit]
Main article: Postmillennialism
Postmillennialism theology dominated American Protestantism in the first half of the 19th century. Postmillennialists believed that Christ will return to earth after the "millennium", which could entail either a literal 1,000 years or a figurative "long period" of peace and happiness. Christians thus had a duty to purify society in preparation for that return. This duty extended beyond American borders to include Christian Restorationism. George Fredrickson argues that Postmillennial theology "was an impetus to the promotion of Progressive reforms, as historians have frequently pointed out."[8] During the Second Great Awakening of the 1830s, some diviners expected the millennium to arrive in a few years. By the 1840s, however, the great day had receded to the distant future, and postmillennialism became a more passive religious dimension of the wider middle-class pursuit of reform and progress.[8]
Burned-over district[edit]
Main article: Burned-over district
In the early nineteenth century, western New York State was called the "burned-over district" because of the highly publicized revivals that crisscrossed the region.[9][10] Charles Finney, a leading revivalist active in the area, coined the term.[11] Linda K. Pritchard uses statistical data to show that compared to the rest of New York State, the Ohio River Valley in the lower Midwest, and the country as a whole, the religiosity of the Burned-over District was typical rather than exceptional.[12]
West and Tidewater South[edit]
On the American Frontier, evangelical denominations sent missionary preachers and exhorters out to the people in the backcountry, which supported the growth of membership among Methodists and Baptists. Revivalists' techniques were based on the camp meeting, with its Scottish Presbyterian roots. Most of the Scots-Irish immigrants before the American Revolutionary War settled in the backcountry of Pennsylvania and down the spine of the Appalachian Mountains.[13]
These denominations were based on an interpretation of man's spiritual equality before God, which led them to recruit members and preachers from a wide range of classes and all races. Baptists and Methodist revivals were successful in some parts of the Tidewater in the South, where an increasing number of common planters, plain folk, and slaves were converted.
West[edit]
Main article: Revival of 1800
In the newly settled frontier regions, the revival was implemented through camp meetings. These often provided the first encounter for some settlers with organized religion, and they were important as social venues. The camp meeting was a religious service of several days' length with preachers. Settlers in thinly populated areas gathered at the camp meeting for fellowship as well as worship. The sheer exhilaration of participating in a religious revival with crowds of hundreds and perhaps thousands of people inspired the dancing, shouting, and singing associated with these events. The revivals followed an arc of great emotional power, with an emphasis of the individual's sins and need to turn to Christ, restored by a sense of personal salvation. Upon their return home, most converts joined or created small local churches, which grew rapidly.[14] The Second Great Awakening marked a religious transition in society in America. Many Americans from the Calvinist sect emphasized man's inability to save themselves and that their only way to be saved was from grace from God.[15]
The Revival of 1800 in Logan County, Kentucky, began as a traditional Presbyterian sacramental occasion. The first informal camp meeting began there in June, when people began camping on the grounds of the Red River Meeting House. Subsequent meetings followed at the nearby Gasper River and Muddy River congregations, all three under the ministry of James McGready. One year later, an even larger sacrament occasion was held at Cane Ridge, Kentucky under Barton Stone, attracting perhaps as many as 20,000 people. Numerous Presbyterian, Baptist and Methodist ministers participated in the services. Thanks to such leaders as Barton W. Stone (1772–1844) and Alexander Campbell (1788–1866), the camp meeting revival became a major mode of church expansion for the Methodists and Baptists.[16]
The Cumberland Presbyterian Church emerged in Kentucky. Cane Ridge was also instrumental in fostering what became known as the Restoration Movement. This was made up of non-denominational churches committed to what they saw as the original, fundamental Christianity of the New Testament. They were committed to individuals' achieving a personal relationship with Christ. Churches with roots in this movement include the Churches of Christ, Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), and the Evangelical Christian Church in Canada[17]
Church membership soars[edit]
1839 Methodist camp meeting
The Methodist circuit riders and local Baptist preachers made enormous gains; to a lesser extent the Presbyterians gained members, particularly with the Cumberland Presbyterian Church in sparsely settled areas. As a result, the numerical strength of the Baptists and Methodists rose relative to that of the denominations dominant in the colonial period—the Anglicans, Presbyterians, Congregationalists. Among the new denominations that grew from the religious ferment of the Second Great Awakening are the Churches of Christ, Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), the Seventh-day Adventist Church, and the Evangelical Christian Church in Canada.[17][18] The converts during the Second Great Awakening were predominantly female. A 1932 source estimated at least three female converts to every two male converts between 1798 and 1826. Young people (those under 25) also converted in greater numbers, and were the first to convert.[19]
Subgroups[edit]
Adventism[edit]
The Advent Movement emerged in the 1830s and 1840s in North America, and was preached by ministers such as William Miller, whose followers became known as Millerites. The name refers to belief in the soon Second Advent of Jesus (popularly known as the Second coming) and resulted in several major religious denominations, including Seventh-day Adventists and Advent Christians.[20]
Holiness movement[edit]
Main article: Holiness movement
Though its roots are in the First Great Awakening and earlier, a re-emphasis on Wesleyan teachings on sanctification emerged during the Second Great Awakening, leading to a distinction between Mainline Methodism and Holiness churches.
Restoration Movement[edit]
Main article: Restoration Movement
See also: Restorationism
The idea of restoring a "primitive" form of Christianity grew in popularity in the U.S. after the American Revolution.[21]:89–94 This desire to restore a purer form of Christianity without an elaborate hierarchy contributed to the development of many groups during the Second Great Awakening, including the Mormons, Baptists and Shakers.[21]:89 Several factors made the restoration sentiment particularly appealing during this time period:[21]:90–94
To immigrants in the early 19th century, the land in the United States seemed pristine, edenic and undefiled – "the perfect place to recover pure, uncorrupted and original Christianity" – and the tradition-bound European churches seemed out of place in this new setting.[21]:90
A primitive faith based on the Bible alone promised a way to sidestep the competing claims of the many denominations available and for congregations to find assurance of being right without the security of an established national church.[21]:93
The Restoration Movement began during, and was greatly influenced by, the Second Great Awakening.[22]:368 While the leaders of one of the two primary groups making up this movement, Thomas Campbell and Alexander Campbell, resisted what they saw as the spiritual manipulation of the camp meetings, the revivals contributed to the development of the other major branch, led by Barton W. Stone.[22]:368 The Southern phase of the Awakening "was an important matrix of Barton Stone's reform movement" and shaped the evangelistic techniques used by both Stone and the Campbells.[22]:368
Culture and society[edit]
Efforts to apply Christian teaching to the resolution of social problems presaged the Social Gospel of the late 19th century. Converts were taught that to achieve salvation they needed not just to repent personal sin but also work for the moral perfection of society, which meant eradicating sin in all its forms. Thus, evangelical converts were leading figures in a variety of 19th century reform movements.[23]
Congregationalists set up missionary societies to evangelize the western territory of the northern tier. Members of these groups acted as apostles for the faith, and also as educators and exponents of northeastern urban culture. The Second Great Awakening served as an "organizing process" that created "a religious and educational infrastructure" across the western frontier that encompassed social networks, a religious journalism that provided mass communication, and church-related colleges.[22]:368 Publication and education societies promoted Christian education; most notable among them was the American Bible Society, founded in 1816. Women made up a large part of these voluntary societies.[24] The Female Missionary Society and the Maternal Association, both active in Utica, NY, were highly organized and financially sophisticated women's organizations responsible for many of the evangelical converts of the New York frontier.[25]
There were also societies that broadened their focus from traditional religious concerns to larger societal ones. These organizations were primarily sponsored by affluent women. They did not stem entirely from the Second Great Awakening, but the revivalist doctrine and the expectation that one's conversion would lead to personal action accelerated the role of women's social benevolence work.[26] Social activism influenced abolition groups and supporters of the Temperance movement. They began efforts to reform prisons and care for the handicapped and mentally ill. They believed in the perfectibility of people and were highly moralistic in their endeavors.
Slaves and free Africans[edit]
Part of a series on
Slavery
Contemporary[show]
Child labour
Conscription
Debt
Forced marriage
Bride buying
Wife selling
Forced prostitution
Human trafficking
Peonage
Penal labour
Sexual slavery
Wage slavery
Historical[show]
Antiquity
Ancient Rome
Babylonia
Ancient Greece
Topics and practices
Atlantic slave trade
Middle Passage
Arab slave trade
Ghilman
Mamluk
Saqaliba
Aztec
Blackbirding
Byzantine Empire
Coolie
Corvée labor
Field slaves in the United States
House slaves
Kholop
Medieval Europe
Panyarring
Thrall
Serfs
History
Russia
Slave market
Slave raiding
Naval
Galley slave
Impressment
Pirates
Shanghaiing
Slave ship
By country or region[show]
Sub-Saharan Africa
Contemporary Africa
Slavery on the Barbary Coast
Barbary slave trade
Slave Coast
Angola
Chad
Ethiopia
Mali
Mauritania
Niger
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Seychelles
North and South America
Americas indigenous
U.S. Natives
Brazil
Lei Áurea
Canada
Caribbean
Barbados
Code Noir
Cuba
Haiti
revolt
Restavek
Latin America
Puerto Rico
Trinidad
United States
colonial
maps
female
partus
penal labor
Slave codes
interregional
Human trafficking
Virgin Islands
Central, East, and South Asia
Human trafficking in Southeast Asia
Bhutan
China
Booi Aha
Laogai
India
Debt bondage
Chukri System
Japan
comfort women
South Korea
Yankee princess
North Korea
Vietnam
Australia and Oceania
Blackbirding in Australia
Human trafficking in Australia
Slave raiding in Easter Island
Human trafficking in Papua New Guinea
Blackbirding in Polynesia
Europe and North Asia
Sex trafficking in Europe
Britain
Denmark
Dutch Republic
Germany in World War II
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Spain
colonies
Sweden
North Africa and West Asia
Iran
Libya
Human trafficking in the Middle East
Ottoman Empire
Yemen
Religion[show]
Bible
Christianity
Catholicism
Mormonism
Islam
21st century
Judaism
Bahá'í Faith
Opposition and resistance[show]
Timeline
Abolitionism
U.K.
U.S.
Anti-Slavery International
Blockade of Africa
U.K.
U.S.
Compensated emancipation
Freedman
manumission
Freedom suit
Abolitionists
Slave Power
Underground Railroad
songs
Slave rebellion
Slave Trade Acts
International law
13th Amendment to the United States Constitution
Related[show]
Common law
Indentured servitude
Unfree labour
Fugitive slaves
laws
Great Dismal Swamp maroons
List of slaves
owners
Slave narrative
films
songs
Slave name
Slave catcher
Slave patrol
Slave Route Project
Treatment in U.S.
breeding
court cases
Washington
Jefferson
Adams
Lincoln
40 acres
Freedmen's Bureau
bit
Emancipation Day
v
t
e
Baptists and Methodists in the South preached to slaveholders and slaves alike. Conversions and congregations started with the First Great Awakening, resulting in Baptist and Methodist preachers being authorized among slaves and free African Americans more than a decade before 1800. "Black Harry" Hosier, an illiterate freedman who drove Francis Asbury on his circuits, proved to be able to memorize large passages of the Bible verbatim and became a cross-over success, as popular among white audiences as the black ones Asbury had originally intended for him to minister.[27] His sermon at Thomas Chapel in Chapeltown, Delaware, in 1784 was the first to be delivered by a black preacher directly to a white congregation.[28]
Despite being called the "greatest orator in America" by Benjamin Rush[29] and one of the best in the world by Bishop Thomas Coke,[28] Hosier was repeatedly passed over for ordination and permitted no vote during his attendance at the Christmas Conference that formally established American Methodism. Richard Allen, the other black attendee, was ordained by the Methodists in 1799, but his congregation of free African Americans in Philadelphia left the church there because of its discrimination. They founded the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME) in Philadelphia. After first submitting to oversight by the established Methodist bishops, several AME congregations finally left to form the first independent African-American denomination in the United States in 1816. Soon after, the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church (AME Zion) was founded as another denomination in New York City.
Early Baptist congregations were formed by slaves and free African Americans in South Carolina and Virginia. Especially in the Baptist Church, African Americans were welcomed as members and as preachers. By the early 19th century, independent African American congregations numbered in the several hundred in some cities of the South, such as Charleston, South Carolina, and Richmond and Petersburg, Virginia.[30] With the growth in congregations and churches, Baptist associations formed in Virginia, for instance, as well as Kentucky and other states.
The revival also inspired slaves to demand freedom. In 1800, out of African American revival meetings in Virginia, a plan for slave rebellion was devised by Gabriel Prosser, although the rebellion was discovered and crushed before it started.[31] Despite white attempts to control independent African American congregations, especially after the Nat Turner Uprising of 1831, a number of African American congregations managed to maintain their separation as independent congregations in Baptist associations. State legislatures passed laws requiring them always to have a white man present at their worship meetings.[30]
Women[edit]
Women, who made up the majority of converts during the Awakening, played a crucial role in its development and focus. It is not clear why women converted in larger numbers than men. Various scholarly theories attribute the discrepancy to a reaction to the perceived sinfulness of youthful frivolity, an inherent greater sense of religiosity in women, a communal reaction to economic insecurity, or an assertion of the self in the face of patriarchal rule. Husbands, especially in the South, sometimes disapproved of their wives' conversion, forcing women to choose between submission to God or their spouses. Church membership and religious activity gave women peer support and place for meaningful activity outside the home, providing many women with communal identity and shared experiences.[32]
Despite the predominance of women in the movement, they were not formally indoctrinated or given leading ministerial positions. However, women took other public roles; for example, relaying testimonials about their conversion experience, or assisting sinners (both male and female) through the conversion process. Leaders such as Charles Finney saw women's public prayer as a crucial aspect in preparing a community for revival and improving their efficacy in conversion.[33] Women also took crucial roles in the conversion and religious upbringing of children. During the period of revival, mothers were seen as the moral and spiritual foundation of the family, and were thus tasked with instructing children in matters of religion and ethics.[34]
The greatest change in women's roles stemmed from participation in newly formalized missionary and reform societies. Women's prayer groups were an early and socially acceptable form of women's organization. Through their positions in these organizations, women gained influence outside of the private sphere.[35][36]
Changing demographics of gender also affected religious doctrine. In an effort to give sermons that would resonate with the congregation, ministers stressed Christ's humility and forgiveness, in what the historian Barbara Welter calls a "feminization" of Christianity.[37]
Prominent figures[edit]
Richard Allen, founder, African Methodist Episcopal Church
Francis Asbury, Methodist, circuit rider and founder of American Methodism
Henry Ward Beecher, Presbyterian
Lyman Beecher, Presbyterian, his father
Antoinette Brown Blackwell, Congregationalist & later Unitarian, the first ordained female minister in the United States
Alexander Campbell, Presbyterian, and early leader of the Restoration Movement
Thomas Campbell Presbyterian, then early leader of the Restoration Movement
Peter Cartwright, Methodist
Lorenzo Dow, Methodist
Timothy Dwight IV, Congregationalist
Charles Finney, Presbyterian & anti-Calvinist
"Black Harry" Hosier, Methodist, the first African American to preach to a white congregation
Ann Lee, Shakers
Jarena Lee, Methodist, a female AME circuit rider
Robert Matthews, cult following as Matthias the Prophet
William Miller, Millerism, forerunner of Adventism
Asahel Nettleton, Reformed
Benjamin Randall, Free Will Baptist
Joseph Smith, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Barton Stone, Presbyterian non-Calvinist, then early leader of the Restoration Movement
Nathaniel William Taylor, heterodox Calvinist
Ellen G. White, Seventh-day Adventist Church
Political implications[edit]
Revivals and perfectionist hopes of improving individuals and society continued to increase from 1840 to 1865 across all major denominations, especially in urban areas. Evangelists often directly addressed issues such as slavery, greed, and poverty, laying the groundwork for later reform movements.[1] The influence of the Awakening continued in the form of more secular movements.[38] In the midst of shifts in theology and church polity, American Christians began progressive movements to reform society during this period. Known commonly as antebellum reform, this phenomenon included reforms in against the consumption of alcohol, for women's rights and abolition of slavery, and a multitude of other issues faced by society.[39]
The religious enthusiasm of the Second Great Awakening was echoed by the new political enthusiasm of the Second Party System.[40] More active participation in politics by more segments of the population brought religious and moral issues into the political sphere. The spirit of evangelical humanitarian reforms was carried on in the antebellum Whig party.[41]
Historians stress the understanding common among participants of reform as being a part of God's plan. As a result, local churches saw their roles in society in purifying the world through the individuals to whom they could bring salvation, and through changes in the law and the creation of institutions. Interest in transforming the world was applied to mainstream political action, as temperance activists, antislavery advocates, and proponents of other variations of reform sought to implement their beliefs into national politics. While Protestant religion had previously played an important role on the American political scene, the Second Great Awakening strengthened the role it would play.[1]
See also[edit]
Seventh-day Adventist Church portal
Latter Day Saints portal
LDS Church portal
Advent Christian Church
Christian revival
Christianity in the 19th century
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Cumberland Presbyterian Church
Ethnocultural politics in the United States
Holiness movement
Restoration Movement
Seventh-day Adventist Church
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Timothy L. Smith, Revivalism and Social Reform: American Protestantism on the Eve of the Civil War (1957).
Jump up ^ Heyrman, Christine Leigh. "The First Great Awakening". Divining America, TeacherServe. National Humanities Center.
Jump up ^ Henry B. Clark (1982). Freedom of Religion in America: Historical Roots, Philosophical Concepts, Contemporary Problems. Transaction Publishers. p. 16.
^ Jump up to: a b Nancy Cott, "Young Women in the Second Great Awakening in New England," Feminist Studies, (1975), 3#1 p. 15. JSTOR 3518952. doi:10.2307/3518952.
Jump up ^ Hans Schwarz (2005). Theology in a Global Context: The Last Two Hundred Years. Wm. B. Eerdmans. p. 91.
Jump up ^ Frederick Cyril Gill, The romantic movement and Methodism: a study of English romanticism and the evangelical revival (1937).
Jump up ^ Susan Hill Lindley, You Have Stept Out of Your Place: a History of Women and Religion in America (Westminster John Knox Press, 1996): 59
^ Jump up to: a b Fredrickson, George M. (1998). "The Coming of the Lord: The Northern Protestant Clergy and the Civil War Crisis". In Miller, Randall M.; Stout, Harry S.; Wilson, Charles Reagan. Religion and the American Civil War. Oxford University Press. pp. 110–30. ISBN 9780198028345.
Jump up ^ Whitney R. Cross, The Burned-over District: The Social and Intellectual History of Enthusiastic Religion in Western New, 1800–1850 (1951)
Jump up ^ Judith Wellman, Grassroots Reform in the Burned-over District of Upstate New York: Religion, Abolitionism, and Democracy (2000) excerpt and text search
Jump up ^ Geordan Hammond; William Gibson (March 1, 2012). Wesley and Methodist Studies. Clements. p. 32.
Jump up ^ Linda K. Pritchard, "The burned-over district reconsidered: A portent of evolving religious pluralism in the United States." Social Science History (1984): 243–265. JSTOR 1170853. doi:10.2307/1170853.
Jump up ^ On Scottish influences see Long (2002) and Elizabeth Semancik, "Backcountry Religious Ways" at [1]
Jump up ^ Dickson D. Bruce, Jr., And They All Sang Hallelujah: Plain Folk Camp-Meeting Religion, 1800–1845, (1974)
Jump up ^ ushistory.org, Religious Transformation and the Second Great Awakening, U.S. History Online Textbook, http://www.ushistory.org/us/22c.asp Monday, October 27, 2014 (2014)
Jump up ^ Douglas Foster, et al., The Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement (2005)
^ Jump up to: a b Sydney E. Ahlstrom, A Religious History of the American People (2004)
Jump up ^ Melton, Encyclopedia of American Religions (2009)
Jump up ^ Nancy Cott, "Young Women in the Second Great Awakening in New England," Feminist Studies, (1975), 3#1 pp. 15–16. JSTOR 3518952. doi:10.2307/3518952.
Jump up ^ Gary Land, Adventism in America: A History (1998)
^ Jump up to: a b c d e C. Leonard Allen and Richard T. Hughes, Discovering Our Roots: The Ancestry of the Churches of Christ, Abilene Christian University Press, 1988, ISBN 0-89112-006-8
^ Jump up to: a b c d Douglas Allen Foster and Anthony L. Dunnavant, The Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement: Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), Christian Churches/Churches of Christ, Churches of Christ, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2004, ISBN 0-8028-3898-7, ISBN 978-0-8028-3898-8, 854 pages, entry on Great Awakenings
Jump up ^ Elizabeth J.Clapp, and Julie Roy Jeffrey, ed., Women, Dissent and Anti-slavery in Britain and America, 1790–1865, (Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press, 2011): 13–14
Jump up ^ Barbara Welter, "The Feminization of American Religion: 1800–1860," in Clio's Consciousness Raised, edited by Mary S. Hartman and Lois Banner. New York: Octagon Books, 1976, 139
Jump up ^ Mary Ryan, "A Woman's Awakening: Evangelical Religion and the Families of Utica, New York, 1800 to 1840," American Quarterly 30, no. 5 (Winter 1978): 616–19
Jump up ^ Susan Hill Lindley, You Have Stept Out of Your Place: a History of Women and Religion in America, 1st paperback ed, (Louisville, Ky: Westminster John Knox Press, 1996): 65
Jump up ^ Morgan, Philip. Slave Counterpoint: Black Culture in the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake and Lowcountry, p. 655. UNC Press (Chapel Hill), 1998. Accessed 17 October 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Smith, Jessie C. Black Firsts: 4,000 Ground-Breaking and Pioneering Historical Events (3rd ed.), pp. 1820–1821. "Methodists: 1781". Visible Ink Press (Canton), 2013. Accessed 17 October 2013.
Jump up ^ Webb, Stephen H. "Introducing Black Harry Hoosier: The History Behind Indiana's Namesake". Indiana Magazine of History, Vol. XCVIII (March 2002). Trustees of Indiana University. Accessed 17 October 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Albert J. Raboteau, Slave Religion: The 'Invisible Institution' in the Antebellum South, New York: Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 137, accessed 27 Dec 2008
Jump up ^ Alan Brinkley, The Unfinished Nation, p 168
Jump up ^ Susan Hill Lindley, You Have Stept Out of Your Place: a History of Women and Religion in America, 1st paperback ed, (Louisville, Ky: Westminster John Knox Press, 1996): 59–61.
Jump up ^ Susan Hill Lindley, You Have Stept Out of Your Place: a History of Women and Religion in America, 1st paperback ed, (Louisville, Ky: Westminster John Knox Press, 1996): 61–62.
Jump up ^ Mary Ryan, "A Woman's Awakening: Evangelical Religion and the Families of Utica, New York, 1800 to 1840," American Quarterly 30, no. 5 (Winter 1978): 614
Jump up ^ Mary Ryan, "A Woman's Awakening: Evangelical Religion and the Families of Utica, New York, 1800 to 1840," American Quarterly 30, no. 5 (Winter 1978): 619.
Jump up ^ Susan Hill Lindley, You Have Stept Out of Your Place: a History of Women and Religion in America, 1st paperback ed, (Louisville, Ky: Westminster John Knox Press, 1996): 62–63.
Jump up ^ Barbara Welter, "The Feminization of American Religion: 1800–1860," in Clio's Consciousness Raised, edited by Mary S. Hartman and Lois Banner. New York: Octagon Books, 1976, 141
Jump up ^ Barbara Leslie Epstein, The Politics of Domesticity. Middletown: Wesleyan University Press, 1981.
Jump up ^ Alice Felt Tyler, Freedom's Ferment: Phases of American Social History from the Colonial Period to the Outbreak of the Civil War (1944).
Jump up ^ Stephen Meardon, "From Religious Revivals to Tariff Rancor: Preaching Free Trade and Protection during the Second American Party System," History of Political Economy, Winter 2008 Supplement, Vol. 40, p. 265-298
Jump up ^ Daniel Walker Howe, "The Evangelical Movement and Political Culture in the North During the Second Party System", The Journal of American History 77, no. 4 (March 1991), p. 1218 and 1237.
Further reading[edit]
Abzug, Robert H. Cosmos Crumbling: American Reform and the Religious Imagination (1994) (ISBN 0-195-04568-8)
Ahlstrom, Sydney. A Religious History of the American People (1972) (ISBN 0-385-11164-9)
Billington, Ray A. The Protestant Crusade. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1938.
Birdsall, Richard D. "The Second Great Awakening and the New England Social Order", Church History 39 (1970): 345–364. JSTOR 3163469.
Bratt, James D. "Religious Anti-revivalism in Antebellum America", Journal of the Early Republic (2004) 24(1): 65–106. ISSN 0275-1275. JSTOR 4141423.
Brown, Kenneth O. Holy Ground; a Study on the American Camp Meeting. Garland Publishing, Inc., (1992).
Brown, Kenneth O. Holy Ground, Too, the Camp Meeting Family Tree. Hazleton: Holiness Archives, (1997).
Bruce, Dickson D., Jr. And They All Sang Hallelujah: Plain Folk Camp-Meeting Religion, 1800–1845 (1974)
Butler, Jon. Awash in a Sea of Faith: Christianizing the American People. 1990.
Carwardine, Richard J. Evangelicals and Politics in Antebellum America. Yale University Press, 1993.
Carwardine, Richard J. "The Second Great Awakening in the Urban Centers: An Examination of Methodism and the 'New Measures'", Journal of American History 59 (1972): 327–340. JSTOR 1890193. doi:10.2307/1890193.
Cott, Nancy F. "Young Women in the Second Great Awakening in New England," Feminist Studies, (1975), 3#1 pp. 15–29. JSTOR 3518952. doi:10.2307/3518952
Cross, Whitney, R. The Burned-Over District: The Social and Intellectual History of Enthusiastic Religion in Western New York, 1800–1850, (1950).
Foster, Charles I. An Errand of Mercy: The Evangelical United Front, 1790–1837, (University of North Carolina Press, 1960)
Hambrick-Stowe, Charles. Charles G. Finney and the Spirit of American Evangelicalism. (1996).
Hankins, Barry. The Second Great Awakening and the Transcendentalists. Greenwood, 2004.
Hatch, Nathan O. The Democratization of American Christianity (1989).
Heyrman, Christine Leigh. Southern Cross: The Beginnings of the Bible Belt (1997).
Johnson, Charles A. "The Frontier Camp Meeting: Contemporary and Historical Appraisals, 1805–1840", The Mississippi Valley Historical Review (1950) 37#1 pp. 91–110. JSTOR 1888756. doi:10.2307/1888756.
Kyle, I. Francis, III. An Uncommon Christian: James Brainerd Taylor, Forgotten Evangelist in America's Second Great Awakening (2008). See Uncommon Christian Ministries
Long, Kimberly Bracken. "The Communion Sermons of James Mcgready: Sacramental Theology and Scots-Irish Piety on the Kentucky Frontier", Journal of Presbyterian History, 2002 80(1): 3–16. ISSN 0022-3883. JSTOR 23336302.
Loveland Anne C. Southern Evangelicals and the Social Order, 1800–1860, (1980)
McLoughlin William G. Modern Revivalism, 1959.
McLoughlin William G. Revivals, Awakenings, and Reform: An Essay on Religion and Social Change in America, 1607–1977, 1978.
Marsden, George M. The Evangelical Mind and the New School Presbyterian Experience: A Case Study of Thought and Theology in Nineteenth-Century America (1970).
Meyer, Neil. "Falling for the Lord: Shame, Revivalism, and the Origins of the Second Great Awakening." Early American Studies 9.1 (2011): 142–166. JSTOR 23546634.
Posey, Walter Brownlow. The Baptist Church in the Lower Mississippi Valley, 1776–1845 (1957)
Posey, Walter Brownlow. Frontier Mission: A History of Religion West of the Southern Appalachians to 1861 (1966)
Raboteau, Albert. Slave Religion: The "invisible Institution' in the Antebellum South, (1979)
Roth, Randolph A. The Democratic Dilemma: Religion, Reform, and the Social Order in the Connecticut River Valley of Vermont, 1791–1850, (1987)
Smith, Timothy L. Revivalism and Social Reform: American Protestantism on the Eve of the Civil War (1957)
Historiography[edit]
Conforti, Joseph. "The Invention of the Great Awakening, 1795–1842". Early American Literature (1991): 99–118. JSTOR 25056853.
Griffin, Clifford S. "Religious Benevolence as Social Control, 1815–1860", The Mississippi Valley Historical Review, (1957) 44#3 pp. 423–444. JSTOR 1887019. doi:10.2307/1887019.
Mathews, Donald G. "The Second Great Awakening as an organizing process, 1780–1830: An hypothesis". American Quarterly (1969): 23–43. JSTOR 2710771. doi:10.2307/2710771.
Shiels, Richard D. "The Second Great Awakening in Connecticut: Critique of the Traditional Interpretation", Church History 49 (1980): 401–415. JSTOR 3164815.
Varel, David A. "The Historiography of the Second Great Awakening and the Problem of Historical Causation, 1945–2005". Madison Historical Review (2014) 8#4 online
[show]
v
t
e
Restoration Movement
History
Background revivalism
Second Great Awakening
Cane Ridge Revival
Predecessor movements
Christians (Stone Movement)
Disciples of Christ (Campbell Movement)
Formative documents
Last Will and Testament of The Springfield Presbytery
Declaration and Address of the Christian Association of Washington
Early related groups
Brush Run Church
Christian Association of Washington
Christian Connection
Mahoning Baptist Association
Redstone Baptist Association
Springfield Presbytery
Early leaders
Alexander Campbell
Thomas Campbell
Isaac Errett
Tolbert Fanning
Benjamin Franklin
Marshall Keeble
David Lipscomb
William Lipscomb
Charles J. Lister
Elijah Martindale
John William McGarvey
James O'Kelly
David Purviance
Walter Scott
"Raccoon" John Smith
Daniel Sommer
Barton W. Stone
Pre-1900 journals
The British Millennial Harbinger
Christian Baptist
Christian Messenger
Christian Standard
Firm Foundation
Gospel Advocate
Millennial Harbinger
U.S.
branches
Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)
Christian churches and churches of Christ
North American Christian Convention
Churches of Christ
The churches of Christ (non-institutional)
Sponsoring church
International Churches of Christ
International Christian Church
Non-U.S.
branches
Churches of Christ in Australia
Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) in Canada
Churches of Christ in Europe
Evangelical Christian Church in Canada
Restorationism
[show]
v
t
e
History of Christianity
Centuries:1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st
Ministry of Jesus
and Apostolic Age
Jesus
Ministry
Crucifixion
Resurrection
Holy Spirit
Leadership
Apostles
Seventy disciples
Paul the Apostle
Council of Jerusalem
Great Commission
New Testament
Background
Gospels
Acts
Pauline epistles
General epistles
Revelation
Ante-Nicene Period
Judaism split
Justin Martyr
Ignatius
Persecution
Fathers
Irenaeus
Marcionism
Canon
Tertullian
Montanism
Origen
Late ancient
Constantine
Monasticism
Councils: Nicaea I
Creed
Athanasius
Arianism
Jerome
Augustine
Constantinople I
Ephesus I
Chalcedon
Eastern Christianity
Eastern Orthodoxy
Church of the East
Oriental Orthodoxy
Chrysostom
Nestorianism
Iconoclasm
Great Schism
Fall of Constantinople
Armenia
Georgia
Greece
Egypt
Syria
Ethiopia
Bulgaria
Ottoman Empire
Russia
America
Middle Ages
Pelagianism
Gregory I
Celtic
Germanic
Scandinavian
Kievan Rus'
Investiture
Anselm
Abelard
Bernard of Clairvaux
Bogomils
Cathars
Crusades
Waldensians
Inquisition
Scholasticism
Dominic
Francis
Bonaventure
Aquinas
Wycliffe
Avignon
Papal Schism
Bohemian Reformation
Hus
Conciliarism
Catholicism
Primacy development
Papacy
Timeline
Lateran IV
Trent
Counter-Reformation
Thomas More
Leo X
Guadalupe
Jesuits
Jansenists
Xavier
Monastery dissolution
Wars
Teresa
Vatican I and II
Modernism
Reformation
Protestantism
Erasmus
Five solae
Eucharist
Calvinist–Arminian debate
Arminianism
Dort
Wars
Lutheranism
Martin Luther
95 Theses
Diet of Worms
Melanchthon
Orthodoxy
Eucharist
Book of Concord
Calvinism
Zwingli
Calvin
Presbyterianism
Scotland
Knox
TULIP
Dort
Three Forms of Unity
Westminster
Anglicanism
Timeline
Henry VIII
Cranmer
Settlement
39 Articles
Common Prayer
Puritans
Civil War
Anabaptism
Radical Reformation
Grebel
Swiss Brethren
Müntzer
Martyrs' Synod
Menno Simons
Smyth
1640–1789
Revivalism
English denominations
Baptists
Congregationalism
First Great Awakening
Methodism
Millerism
Pietism
Neo- and Old Lutherans
1789–present
Camp meeting
Holiness movement
Independent Catholic denominations
Second Great Awakening
Restoration Movement
Jehovah's Witnesses
Mormonism
Seventh-day Adventist
Adventism
Third Great Awakening
Azusa Revival
Fundamentalism
Ecumenism
Evangelicalism
Jesus movement
Mainline Protestant
Pentecostalism
Charismatics
Liberation theology
Christian right
Christian left
Genocide by ISIL
Timeline
Missions Timeline
Martyrs
Theology
Eastern Orthodoxy
Oriental Orthodoxy
Protestantism
Catholicism
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second_Great_Awakening&oldid=808051121"
Categories:
Restoration Movement
History of Christianity in the United States
Christian revivals
Christian terminology
19th-century Protestantism
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Català
Čeština
Español
Esperanto
Français
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
Magyar
Nederlands
日本語
Português
Simple English
Svenska
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 31 October 2017, at 15:56.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

value: mw-page-base noprint

value: mw-head-base noprint

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attr: class style

tag: li

tag: ul

value:
plainlist
padding:0 0.1em 0.4em

value: float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;width:17em

value: From "Baptizing in the Jordan" by Silas X. Floyd (1869-1923)

value: font-size: 105%; padding: 0.2em 0px 0.4em; text-align: center; display: none;

value: Baptists in the history of separation of church and state

value:
/wiki/Baptist_ordinance
mw-redirect
Baptist ordinance

value:
/wiki/Baptist_offices
mw-redirect
Baptist offices

value:
/wiki/Roger_Williams_(theologian)
mw-redirect
Roger Williams (theologian)

value: List of Baptist colleges and universities

value:
/wiki/File:John_Wesley_clipped.png
image
John Wesley

value: History of Methodism in the United States

value:
/wiki/Methodist_doctrine
mw-redirect
Methodist doctrine

value:
/wiki/Born_again_(Christianity)
mw-redirect
Born again (Christianity)

value: Real presence of Christ in the Eucharist

value:
/wiki/Sunday_Sabbatarianism
mw-redirect
Sunday Sabbatarianism

value:
/wiki/Works_of_Mercy
mw-redirect
Works of Mercy

value:
/wiki/Methodist_Circuit
mw-redirect
Methodist Circuit

value: padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.3em;font-weight:bold;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.15em;

value: float:right;clear:right;width:19.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;line-height:1.4em;

value:
/wiki/Christian_Restorationism
mw-redirect
Christian Restorationism

value:
/wiki/New_York_State
mw-redirect
New York State

value:
/wiki/Charles_Finney
mw-redirect
Charles Finney

value:
/wiki/American_Frontier
mw-redirect
American Frontier

value:
/wiki/Second_Advent_of_Jesus
mw-redirect
Second Advent of Jesus

value:
/wiki/Second_coming
mw-redirect
Second coming

value: History of the Latter Day Saint movement

value:
/wiki/Thomas_Campbell_(clergyman)
mw-redirect
Thomas Campbell (clergyman)

value: Temperance movement in the United States

value: IJzeren voetring voor gevangenen transparent background.png

value:
/wiki/Slavery_in_Chad
mw-redirect
Slavery in Chad

value:
/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Americas
mw-redirect
Slavery in the Americas

value: Slavery among the indigenous peoples of the Americas

value: Slavery among Native Americans in the United States

value: Slavery in the British and French Caribbean

value:
/wiki/Slavery_in_Trinidad
mw-redirect
Slavery in Trinidad

value: Prostitutes in South Korea for the U.S. military

value:
/wiki/Slavery_in_Oceania
mw-redirect
Slavery in Oceania

value:
/wiki/Blackbirding_in_Australia
mw-redirect
Blackbirding in Australia

value:
/wiki/Slave_raiding_in_Easter_Island
mw-redirect
Slave raiding in Easter Island

value:
/wiki/Blackbirding_in_Polynesia
mw-redirect
Blackbirding in Polynesia

value: Forced labour under German rule during World War II

value:
/wiki/Slavery_in_Norway
mw-redirect
Slavery in Norway

value: Slavery in the Spanish New World colonies

value: Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom

value: Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

value: Treatment of slaves in the United States

value:
/wiki/American_South
mw-redirect
American South

value:
/wiki/Black_Harry
mw-redirect
Black Harry

value:
/wiki/Thomas_Chapel
mw-redirect
Thomas Chapel

value:
/wiki/Bishop_Thomas_Coke
mw-redirect
Bishop Thomas Coke

value:
/wiki/African_Methodist_Episcopal
mw-redirect
African Methodist Episcopal

value:
/wiki/American_Methodism
mw-redirect
American Methodism

value:
/wiki/Peter_Cartwright_(exhorter)
mw-redirect
Peter Cartwright (exhorter)

value:
/wiki/Reformed_churches
mw-redirect
Reformed churches

value: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

value:
/wiki/Barton_Stone
mw-redirect
Barton Stone

value:
/wiki/Church_polity
mw-redirect
Church polity

value: Religious Reform in Antebellum America (page does not exist)

value: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

value: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

value: Ethnocultural politics in the United States

value:
nofollow
external text
https://www.jstor.org/stable/3518952

value:
nofollow
external text
https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3518952

value:
nofollow
external text
https://www.jstor.org/stable/1170853

value:
nofollow
external text
https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1170853

value:
nofollow
external free
http://www.ushistory.org/us/22c.asp

value: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

value:
nofollow
external text
https://www.jstor.org/stable/3163469

value: International Standard Serial Number (identifier)

value:
nofollow
external text
https://www.jstor.org/stable/4141423

value:
nofollow
external text
https://www.jstor.org/stable/1890193

value:
nofollow
external text
https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1890193

value:
nofollow
external text
https://www.jstor.org/stable/1888756

value:
nofollow
external text
https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1888756

value:
nofollow
http://www.uncommonchristian.com/
external text

value:
nofollow
external text
https://www.jstor.org/stable/23336302

value:
nofollow
external text
https://www.jstor.org/stable/23546634

value:
nofollow
external text
https://www.jstor.org/stable/25056853

value:
nofollow
external text
https://www.jstor.org/stable/1887019

value:
nofollow
external text
https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1887019

value:
nofollow
external text
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2710771

value:
nofollow
external text
https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2710771

value:
nofollow
external text
https://www.jstor.org/stable/3164815

value: wikisource:Last Will and Testament of The Springfield Presbytery

value: Christian churches and churches of Christ

value: The churches of Christ (non-institutional)

value: Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) in Canada

value: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value: Historical background of the New Testament

value: The Nicene Creed at the First Council of Nicaea

value:
navbox-image
9
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

value: Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire

value: History of the Eastern Orthodox Church under the Ottoman Empire

value: Timeline of Eastern Orthodoxy in America

value: History of Christianity during the Middle Ages

value: Historical development of the doctrine of papal primacy

value: History of the Calvinist–Arminian debate

value: History of the Seventh-day Adventist Church

value:
/wiki/Genocide_of_Christians_by_ISIL
mw-redirect
Genocide of Christians by ISIL

value:
navbox-abovebelow
3
background:#F5DEB3;;font-size: smaller;

value: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value: Category:History of Christianity in the United States

value:
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
interface

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value:
/wiki/Second_Great_Awakening
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

value: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

value: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

value: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

value: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

value: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

value: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

value: Permanent link to this revision of the page

value: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

value: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

value: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

value: Gerakan Kebangunan Rohani Kedua – Indonesian

value: 第二次大覺醒 – Chinese

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Second_Great_Awakening rootpage-Second_Great_Awakening skin-vector action-view