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Sport utility vehicle
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"SUV" redirects here. For other uses, see SUV (disambiguation).
World's most-sold SUVs 2010–2017[1][2]
2017 Toyota RAV4
2017 Honda CR-V
2016 Hyundai Tucson
Sport-utility (vehicle), SUV or sport-ute is an automotive classification, typically a kind of station wagon / estate car with off-road vehicle features like raised ground clearance and ruggedness, and available four-wheel drive. Many SUVs are built on a light-truck chassis but operated as a family vehicle, and though designed to be used on rougher surfaces, most often used on city streets or highways.[3][4] In recent years, in some countries the term SUV has replaced terms like "Jeep" or "Land-Rover" in the popular lexicon as a generic description for light 4WD vehicles.[5]
Many SUVs have an upright built body and tall interior packaging, a high seating position and center of gravity, and available all-wheel drive for off-road capability. Some SUVs include the towing capacity of a pickup truck with the passenger-carrying space of a minivan or large sedan. The traditional truck-based SUV is more and more being supplanted by unitary body SUVs[6] and crossovers based on regular automobile platforms for lighter weight and better fuel efficiency. In some countries, notably the United States, SUVs are not classified as cars, but as light trucks.[7]
SUVs overtook lower medium segment cars to become the world's largest automotive segment in 2015, accounting for 22.9 percent of global light vehicle sales (for 2015), or 36.8% of the world's passenger car market (Q1–Q3, 2017).[8][1] World-wide sales of SUVs grew from 5 million units in 2000 to 20 million in 2015 and are forecast to hit 42 million units by 2031.[8] Becoming popular in the late-1990s and early & mid-2000s, SUV sales temporarily declined due to high oil prices and a declining economy, but by 2010, SUV sales around the world were growing again, in spite of gasoline prices. The market has overwhelmingly come to prefer 4/5-door models in favor of historically popular 2-door off-roaders.[9][10]
Contents
[hide]
1 Definitions
1.1 English language
1.2 North America
1.3 Other markets
2 History
2.1 Origins and emergence
2.2 Rise to popularity
2.3 Market dominance
3 Designs
3.1 Unitary body structures and crossovers
3.2 SUV market segment classifications
4 Use in remote areas
5 Use in recreation and motorsport
6 Luxury SUV
7 Other names
7.1 Slang and pejoratives
8 See also
9 Notes
10 References
11 Further reading
12 External links
Definitions[edit]
English language[edit]
1995–2001 Ford Explorer built on a light-truck chassis
There is no universally accepted definition of the sport utility vehicle.[11] Dictionaries, automotive experts and journalists use varying wordings and defining characteristics, in addition to which there are regional variations of the use by both the media and the general public. Also the auto industry has not settled on one definition of the SUV.[11]
Both Merriam-Webster and Collins English online dictionaries offer no less than three different wordings – each. Merriam-Webster's general definition of a "sport-utility vehicle", found under "SUV" (abbreviated) reads: "a rugged automotive vehicle similar to a station wagon but built on a light-truck chassis (...)",[nb 1][nb 2] but "for English Language Learners": "a large vehicle that is designed to be used on rough surfaces but that is often used on city roads or highways".[13] According to Collins' online dictionaries, a sport(s) utility vehicle (or SUV) is either a "powerful vehicle with four-wheel drive that can be driven over rough ground",[nb 3] or in American English: "a passenger vehicle similar to a station wagon but with the chassis of a small truck and, usually, four-wheel drive",[nb 4] and in British English: "a high-powered car with four-wheel drive, originally designed for off-road use".[nb 5][4]
The "SUV" acronym "is still used to describe nearly anything with available all-wheel drive and raised ground clearance."[6] In recent years, the term SUV has come into the popular lexicon to replace the use of "Jeep" as a generic description of these type of vehicles, a name that originated during World War II as slang for the light general purpose military truck.[5]
North America[edit]
Most government regulations simply have categories for "off-highway vehicles," which in turn are lumped in with pickup trucks and minivans as "light trucks."[11]
Nevertheless, four-wheel-drive SUVs are considered light trucks in North America (and two-wheel-drive SUVs up to the 2011 model year[14]) where they were regulated less strictly than passenger cars under two laws in the United States, the Energy Policy and Conservation Act for fuel economy, and the Clean Air Act for emissions.[15] Starting in 2004, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) began to hold sport utility vehicles to the same tailpipe emissions standards as cars.[16]
Many people question "how can an SUV be called a truck?"[17] Although the original definition of the "light truck" classification included pickups and delivery vans, usually SUVs and minivans are included in this category because these vehicles are designed to "permit greater cargo-carying capacity than passenger carrying volume."[17] Manufacturing, emissions, and safety regulations in the U.S. classify "an SUV is a truck"; however, for local licensing and traffic enforcement, "an SUV may be a truck or a car" because the classification of these vehicles varies from state to state.[18] For industry production statistics, SUVs are counted in the light truck product segment.[19]
Other markets[edit]
The term is not used in all countries, and outside North America the terms "off-road vehicle", "four-wheel drive" or "four-by-four" (abbreviated to "4WD" or "4×4") or simply use of the brand name to describe the vehicle like "Jeep" or "Land Rover" are more common.[citation needed]
In Europe, the term SUV has a similar meaning, but being newer than in the U.S. it only applies to the newer street oriented one, where-as "Jeep", "Land Rover" or 4x4 are used for the off-roader oriented ones. Not all SUVs have four-wheel drive capabilities, and not all four-wheel-drive passenger vehicles are SUVs. Although some SUVs have off-road capabilities, they often play only a secondary role, and SUVs often do not have the ability to switch among two-wheel and four-wheel-drive high gearing and four-wheel-drive low gearing. While automakers tout an SUV's off-road prowess with advertising and naming, the daily use of SUVs is largely on paved roads.
In India, all SUVs are classified in the "Utility Vehicle" category per the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM) definitions and carry a 27% excise tax.[20] Those that are 4 metres (157 inches) long, have a 1,500 cc (92 cu in) engine or larger, along with 170 mm (6.7 in) of ground clearance, are subject to a 30% excise duty.[21]
History[edit]
Early SUV-type vehicles
Willys Station / Utility Wagon, with Jeep mechanicals, and 4WD as of 1949.
The 1948 Land Rover received a 7 seats, metal hardtop option in 1956 (shown an 86" WB).
1953 International Harvester Travelall — 4WD option as of 1956
The 1963–1991 Jeep Wagoneer offered many luxury features, combined with a 4WD truck frame and drive-train.
Origins and emergence[edit]
The actual term "Sport Utility Vehicle" did not come into wide popular usage until the late 1980s — prior to then, such vehicles were marketed during their era as 4-wheel drives, station wagons or other monikers. Although Merriam-Webster dictionary lists the first-known use as 1969,[12] Ford already marketed a civilian off-roader as a "Sports Utility" in 1966: the two-door pickup version of the 1966 Ford Bronco.[22] In 1974 Jeep used the term "sport(s) utility vehicle" exactly in their brochures for the 1st generation Cherokee.[23][24]
Early SUV-like vehicles were descendants from light commercial and light wheeled military / utility vehicles, most prominently the World War II Jeep.[25] The first civilian-production four-wheel drive cars, for sale in the general marketplace, were direct post-war derivatives of the rugged, utilitarian Jeep — boxy short-wheelbase models that prioritized nimble off-road vehicle prowess: the 1945 civilian Willys Jeep and the 1948 Land Rover,[26] as well as licence-produced jeeps in some other countries. But the Jeep CJ models always remained open-bodied and initially didn't even have doors. Doors and hard-tops didn't become available until 1976, when the Jeep CJ-7 was launched.
Land Rover initially offered a coach-built station wagon body in 1949, but it was very expensive and sold less than 700 units. A more affordable closed metal body wasn't launched until 1956, when a 107 inch long-wheelbase alternative was introduced as well.
The first generations of the later International Harvester Scout 80 (1960) and the 1966 Ford Bronco were also shorter than 4-metre, off-road focused vehicles. Although sporting more sophisticated body designs, a rear seat wasn't available in the Scout until 1965, and for either model the rear seat was initially optional.
The earliest examples of longer-wheelbase wagon-type SUVs[nb 6] were the Chevrolet Carryall Suburban (1935, RWD only), GAZ-61 (1938, 4WD), Willys Jeep Station Wagon (1946; 4WD from 1949), International Harvester Travelall (1953; 4WD from 1956),[27] and Dodge (Power) Town Wagon (1954; 4WD from 1957)[27], the Pobeda M-72 (GAZ-M20/1955) – which Russian references credit as possibly being the first modern SUV (with unitary body rather than body-on-frame) – and the Land Rover Series I 107" (1956), which used very simple metal panels and bolt-together construction, intended to be used both as commercial vehicles and people-carriers.
These were followed by the more 'modern' Jeep Wagoneer (1963), Toyota Land Cruiser FJ-55 (1968), the Chevrolet Blazer / GMC Jimmy (1969), International Harvester Scout II (1971), and the Land Rover Range Rover (1970).
Automotive writers and journalists have offered various opinions about what was the "first true SUV". A vehicle often considered is the 1946 Willys Jeep Station Wagon designed by Brooks Stevens, which was first offered with 4-wheel drive in 1949. It was produced until 1981. [28][29] The 1956 factory optional 4WD version of the International Harvester Travelall has been called the first full-size SUV.[27] Hemmings Motor News has called the 1963 Jeep Wagoneer "the progenitor of the popular sport utility vehicle", "because it bridges the gap between cars and trucks", "combining car-like appointments and wagon practicality with steadfast off-road capability".[30]
According to Robert Casey, the transportation curator at the Henry Ford Museum, the 1984 Jeep Cherokee (XJ) was the first true sport utility vehicle in the modern understanding of the term,[31] although Jeep already used the term literally in their 1974 brochures, for the original SJ Cherokee.[23][24] Developed under the leadership of AMC's François Castaing and marketed to urban families as a substitute for a traditional car (and especially station wagons, which were still fairly popular at the time), the Cherokee had four-wheel drive in a more manageable size (compared to the full-size Wagoneer), as well as a plush interior resembling a station wagon.[31] With the introduction of more luxurious models and a much more powerful 4-liter engine, sales of the Cherokee increased even higher as the price of gasoline fell, and the term "sport utility vehicle" began to be used in the national press for the first time.[31] "The advent and immediate success of AMC/Jeep's compact four-door Cherokee turned the truck industry upside down."[32]
The corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standard was ratified in the 1970s to regulate the fuel economy of passenger vehicles. Car manufacturers evaded the regulation by selling SUVs as work vehicles.[33] The popularity of SUV increased among urban drivers in the last 25 years, and particularly in the last decade. Consequently, modern SUVs are available with luxury vehicle features, and some crossover models adopt lower ride heights to accommodate on-road driving.
Keith Bradsher explained the rise of the SUV with American Motors' (AMC) lobbying the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for a waiver of the United States Clean Air Act. The EPA subsequently designated AMC's compact Cherokee as a "light truck", and the company marketed the vehicle to everyday drivers.[26] AMC's effort to affect rulemaking changing the official definition of their new model then led to the SUV boom when other auto makers marketed their own models in response to the Cherokee taking sales from their regular cars.[34]
Jeep Cherokee: SUV trendsetter as designed by AMC
Rise to popularity[edit]
SUVs became popular in the United States, Canada, India, and Australia in the 1990s and early-2000s. U.S. automakers could enjoy profit margins of $10,000 per SUV, while losing a few hundred dollars on a compact car.[35] For example, the Ford Excursion could net the company $18,000, while they could not break even with the Ford Focus unless the buyer chose options,[36][37] leading Detroit's big three automakers to focus on SUVs over small cars.
The higher cost of union labor in the U.S. and Canada compared to the lower wages of non-union workers at non-U.S. companies like Toyota, made it unprofitable for American auto makers to build small cars in the U.S.[38] For example, the General Motors factory in Arlington, Texas where rear-wheel-drive cars were built, such as the Chevrolet Caprice, Buick Roadmaster, and Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham was converted to truck and SUV production, putting an end to full-size family station wagon and overall terminating production of rear-wheel drive full-size cars. Due to the shift in the Big Three's strategy, many long-running cars like the Ford Taurus, Buick Century and Pontiac Grand Prix fell behind their Japanese competitors in features and image (relying more on fleet sales instead of retail and/or heavy incentive discounts); some were discontinued.[39] [40] [41]
A crash test by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety shows the damage to a compact Ford Focus struck by a Ford Explorer SUV
Buyers were drawn to SUVs' large cabins, higher ride height, and perceived safety. Full-size SUVs often offered features such as three-row seating, to effectively replace full-size station wagons and minivans. Wagons were seen as old-fashioned. Additionally, full-size SUVs have greater towing capabilities than conventional cars, and can haul trailers, travel trailers (caravans) and boats. Increased ground clearance is useful in climates with heavy snowfall. The very low oil prices of the 1990s helped keep down running costs. The SUV was one of the most popular choices of vehicle for female drivers in the U.S.[42][43]
Social scientists have drawn on popular folklore such as urban legends to illustrate how marketers have been able to capitalize on the feelings of strength and security offered by SUVs.[44] Popular tales include narratives where mothers save the family from armed robbery and other incidents by taking the automobile off road, for example.
In Australia, SUV sales were helped by the fact that SUVs had much lower import duty than passenger cars did, so that they cost less than similarly equipped imported sedans. However, this gap was gradually narrowed, and in January 2010 the import duty on cars was lowered to match the 5 percent duty on SUVs.[45][46]
Sales of SUVs and other light trucks fell in the mid-2000s because of high oil prices and declining economy. In 2008, General Motors announced plans to close four truck and SUV plants, including the Oshawa Truck Assembly.[38] The company cited decreased sales of large vehicles in the wake of rising fuel prices.[47] The business model of focusing on SUVs and light trucks, at the expense of more fuel-efficient compact and midsized cars, is blamed for declining sales and profits among Detroit's Big Three automakers since the mid–late-2000s. The Big Three were slower to adapt than their Japanese rivals in producing small cars to meet growing demand due to inflexible manufacturing facilities, which made it unprofitable to build small cars.[48] However, starting in 2010, SUV and light truck sales have started an upward trend due to lower gasoline prices and a revival of the North American economy.[49] In 2013, General Motors saw its sales for its large SUVs increased by 74%, making them the largest producer of SUVs in the United States.[50] However, the "small and compact SUVs, when compared with other vehicles in the light truck segment, has made this vehicle segment the third highest selling vehicle segment in the automotive market in 2013."[19] With the redesigned GM and Ford large SUVs being introduced in 2014 (for the 2015 model year), it has seen a slight resurgence among consumers due to better fuel economy and new engines, along with updated and newer features.[51]
Market dominance[edit]
Starting in 2015, sales of SUVs started dominating the industry. In 2016 global market researcher Euromonitor International released news that world-wide SUV sales surged 22 percent since 2015. "SUVs overtook lower medium cars to become the largest automotive segment in 2015, accounting for 22.9 percent of light vehicle sales globally." The world's fastest growing SUV markets in 2014-2015 were: China: + 47.9 percent; Italy (+ 48.6%), Spain (+ 42%), Portugal (+ 54.8 %) and Thailand (+ 56.4%). [8] According to automotive market researcher Focus2Move, the SUV segment grew to 27 million units in 2016, or 26% of global passenger car sales, updated to 21.6 million sales for Q1–Q3 of 2017, taking 36.8% of total market. Moreover: the 12% growth of the SUV sector was the only growing segment at global level, and thus solely responsible for overall 2.4% growth of the world's passenger car market.[52][1]
In the US, at the end of 2016, sales of SUVs and light duty trucks had surpassed traditional car sales for the year by over 3 million units.[53] Manufacturers like Hyundai have started reducing their production of traditional cars in favor of SUVs citing reduction in sales and difficulty competing with other manufacturers.[54]
Euromonitor International in 2016 further concluded: [8]
"The popularity of SUVs in the early 2000s has precipitated a rush of companies trying to capitalise, with a growing number of brands and new concept offerings like crossovers to appeal to a wider audience." "However, a combination of key social changes such as urbanisation, smaller households and an ageing population, in conjunction with increasing emissions regulations, have also boosted the fortunes of the small car segment."
"Euromonitor predicts that small cars will see a Global Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 2.9 percent between 2015 and 2031 but this is firmly secondary to the projected CAGR of 4.8 percent for SUVs." "[Global] sales of SUVs grew from 5 million units in 2000 to 20 million in 2015 and are forecast to hit 42 million units by 2031."
"(...) replacement demand [for cars] in developed markets will start to slow and global growth will be increasingly reliant on SUVs and emerging markets.
Designs[edit]
Although designs vary, SUVs have historically been passenger vehicles with a separate body on a chassis taken from some kind of light truck, commercial vehicle, pick-up or off-road vehicle. SUVs are typically of a two-box design, with the engine compartment in front, and a combined reconfigurable passenger and cargo compartment behind it, instead of having a separate trunk.[nb 7] Early SUVs were frequently two-door open-body models with removable tops, like classic Jeeps, or large station wagon-like vehicles, like carryalls / suburbans or travelalls.
SUVs typically have high ground clearance, big wheels, a tall (and historically boxy) body, and upright (high H-point) seating. This can make them more likely to roll over due to their high center of gravity. Bodies of SUVs have recently become more aerodynamic, but the sheer size and weight keeps their fuel economy poor. Most mid-size and full-size SUVs have three rows of seats with a cargo area directly behind the last row of seats. Cargo barriers are often fitted to the cargo area to protect the vehicles occupants from injury from unsecured cargo in the event of sudden deceleration or collision.
Over time, consumer demand pushed the SUV market mostly towards family-friendly four/five-door models.[9][10] For example, even the only 159 in (4.0 m) long 1991 Chevrolet Tracker mini SUV was a four-door model. 1999 Saw the final production of the two-door full-size truck-based Chevrolet Tahoe SUV; and in late 2013, Toyota dropped its badly selling 2-door Land-Cruiser variants.[57] Some of the last old-school two-door SUVs soldiered on for some time as carry-over models, but their sales were not viable enough to warrant a redesign at the end of their life cycle. The SWB 2-door Mercedes-Benz G-Class was ended after 2011, and the Land Rover Defender was alltogether axed in 2016.
Only a few short-bodied 2-door SUVs remain today, such as the diminutive but capable Suzuki Jimny. The body-on-frame Jeep Wrangler has continued as a compact two-door body style, but from 2007 it was complemented with a 20-inch longer four-door variant: the Wrangler Unlimited.[nb 8][58] A few relatively recent attempts for new two-door SUV models, the 1997-2001 Isuzu VehiCROSS and the 2011-2014 Nissan Murano convertible, were both short-lived and enjoyed only low production numbers.[59][60] A rare exception to the trend is the relatively successful compact to mid-size Range Rover Evoque introduced in 2011. The latter two models are examples of another trend — they are of unitary body construction.
Unitary body structures and crossovers[edit]
Although originally, SUVs were of separate body and chassis construction, virtually without exception, whether they evolved from short, highly off-road focused designs such as original Jeeps / Land Rovers and the like, or from larger heavy-duty people haulers (carryalls, suburbans, travelalls etc.), gradually more and more automakers introduced off-road vehicles and SUVs with an integrated, unitary body or monocoque vehicle frame design.
The 1977 Russian Lada Niva was the world's first purpose-designed unibody 4WD off-road car.
Since so much of the SUV's history can be tied to the original US jeep, it is relevant to begin with mentioning the US military's replacement of the Willys Jeeps by the Ford M151 ¼-ton 4×4 trucks starting in 1959. The Ford M151 jeep had an integrated body and frame construction, was produced from 1959, and remained in use through the 1990s.
In 1977, production of the Russian Lada Niva began — the world's first mass-produced civilian off-road vehicle with a unibody architecture. The Niva combines a closed, boxy, hatchback-like body with full off-road capability, not only featuring high ground-clearance, but full-time four-wheel drive, a transfer case with high and low gearing, and lockable center differential. A longer wheelbase five-door model was added in the early 1990s and the car remains in production for four decades now.
The compact 1983 Cherokee was Jeeps first unibody SUV. Nevertheless, it was a seriously off-road capable design, using front and rear solid axles, transfer-cases with high and low range, and either part-time or full-time 4-wheel drive. Following this, Jeep replaced the venerable SJ Wagoneer with its Grand Cherokee line in 1992, featuring a unibody structure from the start.[61] Derived from the XJ Cherokee, it too came with front and rear live axles, high and low range, and either part-time or full-time 4-wheel drive systems.
Land Rover have fully switched to unibody architecture SUVs, starting with their newer, more compact models — the 1997 Freelander, its 2014 successor Discovery Sport, and the 2011 Range Rover Evoque, which were all unibodies from the start — but also on the large models, starting with the 3rd generation Range Rover in 2002, as well as the 2013 Range Rover Sport and the 2017 Discovery.[nb 9] The last body-on-frame hold-out, the archetypal Land Rover Defender, was retired after 2016.
Japanese manufacturer Mitsubishi redesigned its 2000 Montero/Shogun/Pajero with a unibody, discarding the previous box-ladder frames, achieving both a lower center of gravity, 300% more torsional rigidity, and longer suspension stroke. Suzuki's 3rd gen Vitara equally switched to a unibody in 2005, while still offering off-road capable selectable four-wheel drive with a lockable central differential along with low ratio gears.[62]
SUV market segment classifications[edit]
Main articles: Car classification and Category:Car classifications
Honda Vezel (Mini SUV)
Mini SUV
Main article: Mini sport utility vehicle
A mini SUV (also called subcompact SUV or subcompact crossover) is a class of small sport utility vehicles. The term usually applies to crossovers based on a supermini (B-segment cars in Europe) platform.
Examples: Category:Mini sport utility vehicles ( 57 )
Audi Q3 (Compact SUV)
Compact SUV
Main article: Compact sport utility vehicle
A compact SUV is a class of smaller SUVs that are commonly built with less cargo and passenger space, and often with smaller engines resulting in better fuel economy, the term is often interchangeable with crossover SUV.
Examples: Category:Compact sport utility vehicles ( 124 )
BMW X5 (Mid-Size SUV)
Mid-size SUV
A mid-size SUV is a class of medium-size SUVs whose size typically falls between that of a full-size and a compact SUV. This term is not commonly used outside North America, where fullsize and midsize SUVs are considered similar.
Examples: Category:Mid-size sport utility vehicles ( 77 )
Nissan Patrol (Full Size SUV)
Full-size SUV
Full-size SUVs have greater cargo and passenger space than midsize SUVs. Full Size SUVs are usually given higher safety ratings than their smaller counterparts.
Examples: Category:Full-size sport utility vehicles ( 62 )
Cadillac Escalade ESV (Extended-Length SUV)
Extended-length SUV
An extended length SUV, also sometimes called a long-wheel based SUV, are vehicles that are similar to a full-size SUV, except that these vehicles have a larger cargo area of around 130 in (3.30 m) and passenger space that can seat up to 8 or 9 people (with the available third row seating that when folded or removed adds more cargo space). Although these extended length SUVs are mostly sold in North America because of their size and the roads are made and designed differently, they can also be found in other countries, exported to such places like The Philippines and The Middle East. The vehicles are 221 in (5.61 m) to 223 in (5.66 m) in length and can be distinguished by the rear wheel area not touching the rear doors.
Examples: Category:Expanded length sport utility vehicles ( 10 )
Use in remote areas[edit]
SUVs are sometimes driven off-road on farms and in remote areas of such places as the Australian Outback, Africa, the Middle East, Alaska, Canada, Iceland, South America, Russia and parts of Asia which have limited paved roads and require a vehicle to have all-terrain handling, increased range, and storage capacity. The scarcity of spare parts and the need to carry out repairs quickly resulted in the popularity of vehicles with the bare minimum of electric and hydraulic systems, such as the basic versions of the Land Rover, Jeep Wrangler, Nissan Patrol and Toyota Land Cruiser. SUVs for urban driving have traditionally been developed from their more rugged all-terrain counterparts. For example, the Hummer H1 was developed from the HMMWV, originally developed for the military of the United States.[63]
As many SUV owners never used the off-road capabilities of their vehicle, newer SUVs (including crossovers) now have lower ground clearance and suspension designed primarily for paved roads.[64]
Some buyers choose SUVs because they have more interior space than sedans of similar sizes. In areas with gravel roads in summer and snow and ice in winter, four-wheel drives offer a safety advantage due to their traction advantages under these conditions.[citation needed]
The sport utility vehicles have also gained popularity in some areas of Mexico, especially in desert areas or in cities where drivers frequently encounter potholes, detours, high water and rough roads. Increasing use is also attributed to the high number of dirt roads outside major population centers, resulting in washboard and mud in the rainy seasons.[65]
Use in recreation and motorsport[edit]
Some highly modified SUVs, together with their more rugged off-road counterparts, are also used to explore places otherwise unreachable by other vehicles. In Australia, China, Europe, South Africa, South America and the United States at least, 4WD clubs have been formed for this purpose. Many 4×4 mud racing events and other activities take place throughout the US organized by clubs and associations.
Modified SUVs also take part in off-road racing competitions, including the Dakar Rally, Baja 1000, FIA Cross-Country Rally World Cup, King of the Hammers and Australasian Safari.
The Trophee Andros ice-racing series is another competition where SUVs participate as well.
Luxury SUV[edit]
Numerous luxury vehicles in the form of SUVs and pickup trucks are being produced. Luxury SUV is principally a marketing term to sell fancier vehicles that may have higher performance, comfort, technology, or brand image. The term lacks both measurability and verifiability, and it is applied to a broad range of SUV sizes and types.[citation needed]
Nevertheless, the marketing category was created in 1966 with Kaiser Jeep's luxurious Super Wagoneer.[66][67] It was the first SUV to offer a V8 engine, automatic transmission, and luxury car trim and equipment in a serious off-road model. It came with bucket seating, air conditioning, sun roof, and even a vinyl roof. Land Rover followed suit in 1970 by introducing the Range Rover. The trend continued with other competitors adding comfort features to their rudimentary and truck-based models.
The production of luxury models increased in the late-1990s with vehicles such as the Lincoln Navigator and Cadillac Escalade. These luxury SUVs generated higher profit margins than non-luxury SUVs did.[68][69] For some auto makers, luxury SUVs were the first SUV models they produced. Some of these models are not traditional SUVs based on light truck as they are classified as crossovers.
The luxury SUV class encompasses both smaller 5-passenger SUVs and larger 7-passenger SUVs, with luxury features both inside of the cabin but also in the outside. Buyers looking for a luxury vehicle that offers more cargo capacity than a sedan may prefer a luxury SUV. This is also a vehicle aimed for those who prefer an SUV with a little more style.[70]
Luxury SUVs typically offer the most expected safety features including side airbags, ABS and traction control, and many of them also come with electronic stability control, crash resistant door pillars, dynamic head restraints and back-up sensing systems.[70]
The U.S. News & World Report Rankings and Reviews ranks premium midsize SUVs and crossovers based on an in-depth analysis by its editors of published auto ratings, reviews and test drives.[71] Ranking is based on the score on performance, exterior, interior, safety, and reliability obtained by the vehicles.
Other names[edit]
SUVs such as the Range Rover are sometimes referred to as "Toorak tractors" in Australia, referencing the affluent Melbourne suburb of Toorak
In Australia and New Zealand, the term SUV is not widely used, except by motoring organizations,[72] the press,[73] and industry bodies.[74] Passenger class vehicles designed for off-road use are known as "four-wheel drives", "4WDs", or "4×4s". Some manufacturers do refer to their products as SUVs, but others invented names such as XUV,[75] (HSV Avalanche XUV or GMC Envoy XUV) or action utility vehicles (AUVs).[76] The term "AWD", or all-wheel drive, is used for any vehicle which drives on all four wheels, but may not be designed for off-road use. "Crossover" is a marketing term for a vehicle that is both four-wheel-drive and primarily a road car.
In the United Kingdom the term "4×4" (four-by-four) is also common, even for vehicles not used in urban areas. "AWD" is not commonly used there. The less capable SUVs also pick up the name "soft-roader" because while they appear designed to go off road, in many cases they're not actually capable of it.
In Finland the term "katumaasturi" is commonly used to designate SUVs.[77] It roughly translates to street-off-roader, or street-4×4. This marks the difference with what is called "maasturi" which is a vehicle with off-road capability.
Slang and pejoratives[edit]
in Australia the pejorative terms "Toorak Tractor" and "Mosman taxi" are used to describe vehicles like Range Rovers used in wealthy urban areas with fine roads, fine dining, and exclusive designer shopping precincts, where off-road ability is not required. The terms allude to the affluent Melbourne suburb of Toorak and the Sydney suburb of Mosman. These terms were in use at least as early as the late 1980s.
The equivalent term "Chelsea Tractor" became prominent in the United Kingdom around 2004 to describe vehicles such luxury SUVs used in urban areas such as Chelsea, London, where their four-wheel-drive capabilities are not required and the car is believed to be a status symbol rather than a necessity.[78]
In the United States, "mall-rated" is an equivalent.
In Norway the term "Børstraktor" (Stock Exchange Tractor) serves a similar purpose.[79]
In Sweden they are often called "stadsjeep" (city jeep).
In the Netherlands they are known as "P.C. Hoofttractors" after the exclusive P.C. Hooftstraat Amsterdam shopping street.
See also[edit]
Car classification
Criticism of sport utility vehicles
Esuvee
Four-wheel drive
High and Mighty (book)
List of sport utility vehicles
Off-road vehicle
Recreational vehicle
Utility vehicle
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ (...) — called also sport-utility vehicle
Jump up ^ Merriam-Webster's definition under "sport-utility vehicle" — fully spelled out; and defined for students — is almost identical: "an automobile similar to a station wagon but built on a light truck frame", only omitting the "rugged" qualification.[12]
Jump up ^ Collins Cobuild Advanced English Dictionary
Jump up ^ Webster’s New World College Dictionary, 4th Edition (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt)
Jump up ^ Collins English Dictionary (HarperCollins Publishers)
Jump up ^ (using the term retrospectively)
Jump up ^ A rare exception was the 1995–1998 body-on-frame Suzuki X-90 T-top two-seater.[55][56]
Jump up ^ And in mid 2017 three quarters of all new Wranglers listed for sale were four-door models.[10]
Jump up ^ The 2004 Discovery and Range Rover Sport models still used an integrated bodyframe, semi-monocoque.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "World Best Selling SUV 2017". Focus2Move. 29 November 2017. Archived from the original on 2018-01-06. Retrieved 2018-01-06.
Jump up ^ Best Selling SUVs In The World In 2016 – DriveSpark
Jump up ^ "Definition of SUV". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. 15 November 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2017. an automobile similar to a station wagon but built on a light truck frame
^ Jump up to: a b "Sport utility vehicle definition and meaning". Collins English Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2018-01-05. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Glucksberg, Sam (2001). Understanding Figurative Language: From Metaphor to Idioms. Oxford University Press. p. 112. ISBN 9780198027126. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b DeMuro, Doug (October 2013). "SUV vs. Crossover: What's the Difference?". Autotrader. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Transportation Energy Data Book, 35th Edition (2016), pages 3–4 and 3–5
^ Jump up to: a b c d "SUVs Become the Largest and Fastest-Growing Automotive Segment in 2015 – Euromonitor International". Euromonitor International. 8 September 2016. Archived from the original on 2017-08-06. Retrieved 2018-01-05.
^ Jump up to: a b DeMuro, Doug (1 April 2013). "Attention Automakers: Please Stop Selling Two-Door SUVs". The Truth About Cars. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c DeMuro, Doug (June 2017). "Every Single Two-Door SUV Has Failed". Autotrader. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Bradsher, Keith (2004). High and Mighty: SUVs—The World's Most Dangerous Vehicles and How They Got That Way. PublicAffairs. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-58648-203-9. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Definition of Sport-utility Vehicle". Merriam-Webster. 3 January 2018. Archived from the original on 2017-12-08. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Definition of SUV". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 2018-01-05. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Fact #726: SUVs: Are They Cars or Trucks?". Vehicle Technologies Office (EERE). 7 May 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Yacobucci, Brent D. (2003-04-17). "Sport Utility Vehicles, Mini-Vans, and LightTrucks: An Overview of Fuel Economy and Emissions Standards" (PDF). CRS Report for Congress. Retrieved 2011-12-23.
Jump up ^ "The Plain English Guide to the CleanAirAct" (PDF). United States Environmental Protection Agency. April 2007. p. 8. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Fuhs, Allen (2008). Hybrid Vehicles: and the Future of Personal Transportation. CRC Press. p. 263. ISBN 9781420075342. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Fuhs, Allen (2008). Hybrid Vehicles: and the Future of Personal Transportation. CRC Press. p. 7. ISBN 9781420075342. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Production of Small and Compact SUVs Shifts to Top Gear in North America, Finds Frost & Sullivan". prnewswire.com. 14 January 2014. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Bhattacharya, Sindhu (20 December 2013). "Budget 2013: Why SUV found special mention this budget day". Firstpost. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Press Trust of India (2 May 2013). "SUV tax creating uneven playing field: Mahindra". NDTV. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "1966 Ford Bronco U-100 4-Wheel Drive models & features brochure". US: Ford. 1965. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "1974 model year Jeep brochure picture – Cherokee page". US: Jeep. 1973. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "1974 model year Jeep Cherokee brochure – front". US: Jeep. 973. Retrieved 4 January 2018. ]
Jump up ^ "sport utility vehicle | automobile". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2009-02-23.
^ Jump up to: a b Bradsher, Keith (2004). High and Mighty: SUVs—The World's Most Dangerous Vehicles and How They Got That Way. PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-58648-203-9.
^ Jump up to: a b c Allen, Jim (1 November 2012). "1959 International Harvester B-120 Travelall – Four Wheeler Magazine". Four Wheeler Network. Archived from the original on 2018-01-07. Retrieved 2018-01-07.
Jump up ^ "1960 Willys Four-Wheel-Drive Station Wagon: Your (Great-) Grandfather's SUV". autoweek. Crain Communications Inc. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Greg. "The Very First Sport Utility Vehicle: The Jeep Station Wagon". autoroundup. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Utility in Style: 1972 Jeep Wagoneer – Hemmings Motor News
^ Jump up to: a b c Bradsher, p. 40.
Jump up ^ Ludel, Moses (1995). Toyota truck & Land Cruiser owner's bible. Robert Bentley. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-8376-0159-5. Retrieved 24 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "From the Battlefield to the Soccer Field". Traffic Safety Center Online Newsletter. Summer 2005. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
Jump up ^ Bradsher, p. 41.
Jump up ^ Schoenberger, Robert (2008-06-06). "As buyers shun SUVs, expect to pay more for that small car". Cleveland Business News. Retrieved 2010-11-16.
Jump up ^ "Ford idle, for now". USA Today. 2008-10-16. Retrieved 2010-05-23.
Jump up ^ White, Jerry (2000-05-27). "GM, Ford idle 1,365 workers-auto industry layoffs signal coming downturn in US economy". Wsws.org. Retrieved 2010-11-16.
^ Jump up to: a b Caw Girds For War
Jump up ^ "Storied Ford Taurus reaches end of line". Detroit News. 2006-10-23. Retrieved 2007-08-14. [dead link]
Jump up ^ Final Ford Taurus interview. ABC News. 2007-07-26.
Jump up ^ "So long, friend. Ford producing last Taurus next week". Autoblog. Retrieved 2007-07-26.
Jump up ^ Bradsher, 2001
Jump up ^ "The 50 Worst Cars Of All Time". Time. 2007-09-07. Retrieved 2010-05-23.
Jump up ^ Croft, Robin (2006). "Folklore, families and fear: understanding consumption decisions through the oral tradition". Journal of Marketing Management. 22 (9/10): 1053–1076. doi:10.1362/026725706778935574. ISSN 0267-257X.
Jump up ^ "Tariff reduction will soften price rises". Blog.autopeople.com.au. 2008-11-18. Archived from the original on 2009-01-06. Retrieved 2010-11-16.
Jump up ^ "Matters of great import". Carpoint.com.au. 2010-01-06. Retrieved 2010-11-16.
Jump up ^ "GM: Trucks out, cars in", CNN Money, retrieved on 2008–06–06.
Jump up ^ Krisher, Tom (2008-07-03). "Why Honda is growing as Detroit falls behind / No. 2 Japanese automaker opted to focus on small, popular cars - not gas guzzlers". The San Francisco Chronicle.
Jump up ^ Healey, James (2010-07-30). "Surprise: Sales of big SUVs surging faster than small cars". USA Today. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
Jump up ^ "2015 GMC Yukon and Chevy Suburban, Tahoe: GM expects new SUVs to continue industry dominance" from MLive (September 12, 2013)
Jump up ^ "Full-size SUVs barge back into 2015 market" from Chicago Tribune (March 26, 2014)
Jump up ^ "World Best Selling SUV 2016". Focus2Move. 25 January 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-01-29. Retrieved 2018-01-06.
Jump up ^ "Auto Sales December 2016 compared to 2015". Wall Street Journal. 4 January 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-01-05.
Jump up ^ "Hyundai Trims Fat, Looks to Add More SUVs to Lineup" from Suvs.com (January 17, 2017)
Jump up ^ Suzuki X-90 (1996 - 1998) used car review — RAC Drive
Jump up ^ Leon, Brian (10 July 2015). "Bizarre Car of the Week: 1996 Suzuki X-90". New York Daily News. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Toyota Sharpens Best-Selling Prado Range" (Press release). Australia: Toyota. 2013-10-14. Archived from the original on 2016-03-06. Retrieved 2014-03-17.
Jump up ^ Lee, Christian (2007). High-Performance Jeep Wrangler TJ Builder's Guide. CarTech. p. 14. ISBN 9781932494266. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Moore, Shane (25 March 2013). "What Happened To: Isuzu VehiCROSS". Opposite Lock. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Stoklosa, Alexander (13 June 2014). "Nissan Murano CrossCabriolet, 2011–2014: A Look Back at Doors Lost and Customers Perplexed". Car and Driver. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Jeep Grand Cherokee Review". Retrieved 10 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "2010 Suzuki Grand Vitara". Eric Peters Autos. 5 October 2010. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
Jump up ^ Padgett, Marty (2004). Hummer: How a Little Truck Company Hit the Big Time, Thanks to Saddam, Schwarzenegger, and GM. Motorbooks International. ISBN 978-0-76031-863-8.
Jump up ^ Naughton, Keith (July 2, 2001). "The Unstoppable SUV". Newsweek.
Jump up ^ "Sport Utility Vehicles - The Car for Desert Roads in Baja California". Archived from the original on 2005-06-26. Retrieved 2010-08-06.
Jump up ^ Gunnell, John (2005). American Cars of the 1960s: A Decade of Diversity. Krause Publications. p. 213. ISBN 978-0-89689-131-9.
Jump up ^ Foster, Patrick (January 2008). "1963 Jeep Wagoneer - Landmark Vehicle". 4 Wheel Drive & Sport Utility Magazine. Retrieved 2010-11-16.
Jump up ^ Frankel, Ernst G. (2006). Challenging American Leadership: Impact of National Quality on Risk of Losing Leadership. Springer-Verlag. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-4020-4892-0.
Jump up ^ Fonda, Daren (2004-08-30). "The Shrinking SUV". Time. Retrieved 2010-11-16.
^ Jump up to: a b "Buying Guide to New Luxury SUVs". Archived from the original on 2010-07-27. Retrieved 2010-08-06.
Jump up ^ "SUV Rankings: Luxury Midsize SUVs". Retrieved 2010-08-06.
Jump up ^ "rising costs hit motorists_ hip pockets - RACV". Motoring.racv.com.au. 2007-05-29. Retrieved 2009-10-05. [dead link]
Jump up ^ Betts, Alyssa (2009-09-30). "Fire heroes pull boy from burning car". Herald Sun. News.com.au. Archived from the original on 2009-07-25. Retrieved 2009-10-05.
Jump up ^ "VFACTS Sales Reports". FCAI. Retrieved 2009-10-05.
Jump up ^ "HSV's Mr Versatility". Hsv.com.au. 2004-02-19. Retrieved 2010-11-16.
Jump up ^ "Toyota Hilux AUV". Toyota.com.au. Retrieved 2010-11-16.
Jump up ^ "Skoda Yeti: Katumaasturi vai mikä?" (in Finnish). Netti Auto. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
Jump up ^ Campbell, Denis (2004-09-26). "Terminator guns for the Chelsea Tractor". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2009-07-19.
Jump up ^ Sæter, Embret (2009-11-26). "Bloddopet børstraktor" (in Norwegian). DN.no. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
Further reading[edit]
Bradsher, Keith (2004). High and Mighty: SUVs—The World's Most Dangerous Vehicles and How They Got That Way. PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1-58648-203-9.
Josh Lauer. "Driven to Extremes: Fear of Crime and the Rise of the Sport Utility Vehicle in the United States", Crime, Media, Culture, vol. 1, no. 2 (2005), OCLC 201726443 pp. 149–168.
Penenberg, Adam (2003). Tragic Indifference: One Man's Battle with the Auto Industry over the Dangers of SUVs. HarperBusiness. ISBN 0-06-009058-8.
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. "Vehicle Size and Weight: Bigger, Heavier Vehicles Protect their Occupants Better." (2013, March). Retrieved on 2003–11–13.
External links[edit]
Look up sport utility vehicle in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Media related to Sport Utility Vehicles (category) at Wikimedia Commons
wikibooks:Life Cycle of U.S. Sport Utility Vehicle Sales
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text:
When Calls the Heart
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Not to be confused with When the Heart Calls.
When Calls the Heart
Genre
Family Drama
Western
Based on
When Calls the Heart
by Janette Oke
Developed by
Michael Landon Jr.
Starring
Erin Krakow
Daniel Lissing
Lori Loughlin
Martin Cummins
Jack Wagner
Pascale Hutton
Kavan Smith
Country of origin
Canada
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
4
No. of episodes
40 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Michael Landon Jr.
Jimmy Townsend
Roman Viaris
Francisco Gonzalez
Brian Bird
Brad Krevoy
Producer(s)
Vicki Sotheran
Greg Malcolm
Location(s)
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Running time
42–84 minutes
Production company(s)
Believe Pictures
Brad Krevoy Television
Jordan Films
Release
Original network
Hallmark Channel (U.S.)
Super Channel (Canada)
Picture format
480i (SDTV)
1080i (HDTV)
Original release
January 11, 2014 (2014-01-11) – present (present)
External links
Website
When Calls the Heart is a Canadian-American television drama series, inspired by Janette Oke's book of the same name from her Canadian West series, and developed by Michael Landon Jr. The series began airing on the Hallmark Channel in the United States on January 11, 2014,[1] and on April 16, 2014 on Super Channel in Canada.[2]
The series originally debuted as a two-hour television movie pilot in October 2013, starring Maggie Grace as young teacher Elizabeth Thatcher and Stephen Amell as North West Mounted Police officer Wynn Delaney.[3] In the television series Erin Krakow is cast as her niece, whose name is also Elizabeth Thatcher (played by Poppy Drayton in the movie[4]), and Daniel Lissing plays a Mountie named Jack Thornton, with Lori Loughlin reprising her role as coal mine widow Abigail Stanton.[1][5]
On April 24, 2017, Krakow announced via the Hallmark Channel website that the show would return for a fifth season in February 2018.[6] The season premiered with a two-hour Christmas special that was broadcast as part of Hallmark's Countdown to Christmas event, and will continue for a 10-episode run in February.[7]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Episodes
3 Production
4 Cast
4.1 Main cast
4.2 Recurring cast
5 Characters
6 Broadcast
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
When Calls the Heart tells the story of Elizabeth Thatcher (Erin Krakow), a young teacher accustomed to her high-society life. She receives her first classroom assignment in Coal Valley, a small coal-mining town in Western Canada which is located just south of Robb, Alberta. There, life is simple—but often fraught with challenges. Elizabeth charms most everyone in Coal Valley, except Royal North West Mounted Police Constable Jack Thornton (Daniel Lissing). He believes Thatcher’s wealthy father has doomed the lawman's career by insisting he be assigned in town to protect the shipping magnate’s daughter. The town of Coal Valley was renamed Hope Valley in Episode 2, Season 2 after the coal mine was closed.
Living in this 1910 coal town, Elizabeth must learn the ways of the Canadian frontier movement if she wishes to thrive in the rural west on her own. Lori Loughlin portrays Abigail Stanton, whose husband, the foreman of the mine, and her only son—along with 44 other miners—have recently been killed in an explosion, which turns out to have been a tragic accident waiting to happen—a result of the mining-company site manager's irresponsible management and lack of due care in his management of the mine. The newly widowed women find their faith tested when they must go to work in the mine to keep a roof over their heads, food on the table, and compile a wage for the town's teacher.[8]
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of When Calls the Heart episodes
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
1 12 January 11, 2014 (2014-01-11) March 29, 2014 (2014-03-29)
2 7 April 25, 2015 (2015-04-25) June 13, 2015 (2015-06-13)
New Year's Wish December 26, 2015 (2015-12-26)
3 8 February 21, 2016 (2016-02-21) April 10, 2016 (2016-04-10)
Christmas December 25, 2016 (2016-12-25)
4 10 February 19, 2017 (2017-02-19) April 23, 2017 (2017-04-23)
The Christmas Wishing Tree December 25, 2017 (2017-12-25)
As of December 25, 2017, 40 episodes of When Calls the Heart have aired, including the third Christmas movie.
Production[edit]
The series, originally planned to be filmed in Colorado, is filmed south of Vancouver, British Columbia, on a farm surrounded by vineyards. The fictional frontier town of Coal Valley was erected in late 2013. Some of the set trimmings and a stage coach came from the Hell on Wheels set.[9] The Thatcher home is the University Women's Club of Vancouver.[10]
The series was renewed for a second season,[11] which aired from April 25 to June 13, 2015. Hallmark Channel announced in July 2015 that the series had been renewed for a third season, which aired from February 21 to April 10, 2016,[12] with a sneak peek airing during the 2015 Christmas season.[13]
In mid-2016, it was announced that Season 4 would premier on the Hallmark Channel Christmas Day with a two-hour special. On April 11, 2016, Lissing and Krakow announced via the series' Facebook page that Hallmark Channel had renewed the series for a fourth season, which aired from February 19 to April 23, 2017.[14][15]
Filming for season five began in Vancouver on August 22, 2017, and ended on December 21, 2017.[16][17]
Cast[edit]
Main cast[edit]
Erin Krakow as Elizabeth Thatcher
Daniel Lissing as Jack Thornton
Lori Loughlin as Abigail Stanton
Jack Wagner as Bill Avery
Martin Cummins as Henry Gowen
Pascale Hutton as Rosemary LeVeaux-Coulter
Kavan Smith as Leland Coulter
Recurring cast[edit]
Gracyn Shinyei as Emily Montgomery
Loretta Walsh as Florence Blakeley
Erica Carroll as Dottie Ramsey
Mark Humphrey as Frank Hogan
Johannah Newmarch as Molly Sullivan
Mitchell Kummen as Gabe Montgomery
Logan Williams as Miles Montgomery
Ben Rosenbaum as Hickam
Carter Ryan Evancic as Cody Hastings
Chelah Horsdal as Cat Montgomery
Steve Bacic as Charles Spurlock
Kristina Wagner as Nora Avery
Aren Buchholz as Jesse
Charlotte Hegele as Julie Thatcher
Andrea Brooks as Faith Carter
Eva Bourne as Clara Stanton
Ava Grace Cooper as Opal
Max Lloyd-Jones as Tom Thornton
Brooke Shields as Charlotte Thornton
Devon Weigel as Viola Thatcher
Marcus Rosner as Charles Kensington
Mamie Laverock as Rosaleen Sullivan
Adrian Hough as Reverend Anderson
Lynda Boyd as Grace Thatcher
Will Verchere-Gopaulsingh as Caleb Dunbar
Ali Skovbye as Becky Hastings
Garwin Sanford as William Thatcher
Laura Bertram as Mary Dunbar
Derek Hamilton as Dewitt Graves
Niall Matter as Shane Cantrell (season 4)
Spencer Drever as Cyrus Rivera (season 4)
Characters[edit]
Elizabeth Thatcher is an independent, strong-minded, passionate and dedicated young teacher from the city. The middle daughter of William and Grace Thatcher, Elizabeth has two sisters, older sister Viola and younger sister Julie. Elizabeth finds herself in Coal Valley, a small community on the Canadian frontier in need of a teacher, and quickly discovers it is not an easy place to live, lacking the creature comforts and luxuries of her privileged life with her family. She soon meets the newly appointed and charismatic Mountie Jack Thornton and develops an immediate dislike for him. However, over time they become good friends, and develop an obvious attraction to one another. In the final episode of season 1, "Prelude to a Kiss," (also titled as "Final Adieu"), after overcoming many obstacles throughout the season, Jack tells Elizabeth, "You're the one, you're the only one" and they share a kiss. Throughout season 2, Elizabeth's feelings for Jack are high at times as well as low. Finally, in the season 2 finale, she admits that his job as a Mountie scares her. After being comforted both admitting that they love each other, Jack and Elizabeth kiss.
Jack Thornton is a laid back country boy. Jack is the son of Mountie Thomas Thornton and his wife Charlotte Thornton. Jack has a younger brother, Tom (named after his father). As a Mountie and a man of stout character and integrity, he often finds himself protecting and saving people. In season 1's "A Telling Silence," Jack finds a basset hound whom he names Rip (after Rip Van Winkle) and takes home with him. A source of comfort and companion in the small town, Jack often goes to Rip when times in his life are difficult. In season 2's "With All My Heart," Rip, who's afraid of thunder, hides in the mine shafts during a storm. Jack and Elizabeth search for him; in their search, their relationship grows stronger. Upon his first meeting of Elizabeth, he developed an instant dislike and it appeared she irritated him. However, he grew to like and then fall madly and completely in love with her over time. In "Rules of Engagement" (S.1), it is revealed that Jack was briefly engaged to Rosemary LeVeaux when she comes looking for him. However, they have both changed and realize that they cannot have a relationship as they once did ever again. In "Prelude to a Kiss" (S.1), Jack found out that Elizabeth may be leaving Coal Valley. Taking her on a walk and giving her a framed picture of them that he had sketched, he asks her not to leave Coal Valley and tells her, "You're the one, you're the only one." She replied that she was "not going anywhere", Coal Valley was where she belonged before they share a kiss. In season 2, Elizabeth and Jack share a hot-and-cold relationship until the finale, "With All My Heart." They both admit that they love each other and share another kiss. Jack's brother, Tom, is introduced season 2's "Trials of the Heart," and their rocky relationship continues until "Coming Together, Coming Apart." Jack gently reminds his younger brother how their father was so proud of him, but he wouldn't be proud of the way he was currently living. Both in tears, Jack tells his younger brother that he believes in him and that he can turn his life around. More recently, Jack has become good friends with the sawmill operator, Lee Coulter. In season 3, Jack begins the new year knowing that Elizabeth only has eyes for him and that her relationship with Charles is over for good. In "Hearts In Question," Jack's mother Charlotte shows up unexpectedly. She meets Elizabeth and is suspicious of her, but through staying her sees Elizabeth for who she really is: a trustworthy, dedicated teacher. In the season finale, "Prayers From The Heart," Jack is injured in a flood. But he miraculously recovers in time to serve as Lee's best man at his wedding.
Abigail Stanton is a Coal Valley woman who tragically lost her husband and son in the mining accident. Abigail is a very kind woman, and she stands strongly for the things she believes in. She is one of the first women to welcome Elizabeth and the two women quickly become friends. When Elizabeth accidentally burns down the little teacherage, Abigail gladly welcomes her into her home to live. After being complimented on her cooking, Abigail decides to open a cafe in Coal Valley. Together, Abigail and Elizabeth move into the rooms above the cafe. At the end of season 1, Abigail enjoys the company of Bill Avery, a Mountie, serving as a Forensic Investigator and friend of Jack Thornton's. In season 2, Abigail takes in her daughter-in-law, Clara, the wife of her late son Peter whom Abigail sees as the daughter she never had. With Bill's past being revealed, Abigail ends their friendship and spends more time with the new pastor, Frank Hogan. Also, she is a strong independent woman that is set on doing the things that are right and tries to help Elizabeth.
Bill Avery is a mysterious, quiet man. He first appears in season 1's "Rules of Engagement," in order to help Jack expose Mr. Gowen's wrongdoings. Bill is immediately attracted to widow Abigail Stanton. Things are going well until Abigail discovers a picture of Bill's family and his wedding ring. He later tells her that his son died, as well as his wife. However, his wife, Nora, comes to confront him in season 2's "Heart's Desire."
Henry Gowen is a cold, cynical man who formerly owned the coal mine. After the mine was shut down, Henry became the mayor of Hope Valley and still creates a cold, cynical presence whenever people are around him. Henry is highly disliked and feared in the town. He frequently uses bribery to get what he wants, which is never for the good of the town.
Rosemary "Rosie" LeVeaux is a flamboyant, enthusiastic actress from New York. She was briefly engaged to Jack Thornton, but they both realized that it wouldn't work out. Rosie immediately disliked Elizabeth and viewed her as "the competition," but eventually came to really care about Elizabeth, even if she has a hard time showing it. At the beginning of season 2, Rosemary began working at the cafe with Abigail and the two quickly became friends. Spending time with Abigail helped tone down some of Rosemary's enthusiasm and made her a more likable person. Rosemary even came to like Elizabeth, even if only on an acquaintance level. Truthfully, she cares about everyone in Hope Valley, especially Lee, with whom she shares an mutual attraction. When Rosie is not spending time with Lee, talking to Abigail, or dreaming about the glamorous life of an actress, she can often be found somewhere writing her weekly advice column for Hope Valley's newspaper! In season 3, Rosemary's friendship with Elizabeth deepened. Instead of viewing her as an adversary, she finds a friend in Elizabeth. Throughout season 3, Rosemary's relationship with Lee becomes more romantic. In "Heart Of A Hero," seeing that Lee needs to spend more time at the sawmill to help the new settlers find jobs, Rosemary tells Lee that the theatre doesn't have to be built. He insists, but she says how important his job is. He smiles and tells her he will one day build her theatre, telling her that she is "the best part of his life." The couple shares in their first kiss. In "A Gentle Heart," Lee is injured. Thinking he is asleep, Rosemary pours out her heart to him, telling how much she loves him. In "Heartbreak," Rosemary is offered a job in Hollywood filming. This has always been Rosemary's dream, to be an actress. Lee unselfishly tells her to do whatever she feels best, but it is obvious that the thought of her leaving Hope Valley hurts him. Rosemary considers her options and realizes that her place is in Hope Valley, with Lee. Lee then tells her that he has another "role" that he thinks would be perfect for her and proposes marriage. She happily accepts. In "Hearts In Question," Rosemary enthusiastically plans for their wedding. The couple weds in the season 3 finale "Prayers From The Heart," with Elizabeth and Abigail as her maids of honor.
Leland "Lee" Coulter is a kind, laidback, patient man who opens a sawmill in Hope Valley. When timber becomes Coal Valley's major source of natural resources, the town is renamed Hope Valley. He shares a mutual attraction to Rosemary and proves to be one of the few people who can outwit her. When she declines his romantic intentions, Lee recruits his friend, Molly Sullivan, to make Rosemary jealous; the ploy succeeds and Rosemary accepts his suit, appreciating Lee's good qualities. Despite her dramatic and occasionally prickly personality, Lee's compassion and patience never fails with her. With Rosemary's help, Lee beat Mr. Gowen at his own game in "Heart and Home." When not at work, Lee enjoys being with friends, including Jack Thornton, who shares Lee's simple and laidback outlook, allowing the men to discuss their lives and exchange romantic advice. In season 3, Lee's mill is unfortunately sabotaged by a man inside. Through Bill and Jack's investigation, they find the culprit. In season 3's "Heart Of A Hero," Rosemary unselfishly gives up the theatre that Lee promised to build her. Lee promises that one day, he will build her the theatre at a time when he isn't so involved with the sawmill and finding people jobs. In "A Gentle Heart," Lee is injured. Thinking Lee is asleep, Rosemary pours out her heart to Lee, telling him how afraid she was when she heard he had been injured. He however hears each and every word. She told him how much she loves him and to never leave her. In the episode "Heartbreak," Lee thinks Rosemary may leave Hope Valley when she is offered a movie job in Hollywood. When she gives up the movie, seeing her future in Hope Valley with him, he asks her to marry him. The couple weds in the season 3 finale, "Prayers From The Heart." Jack serves the role of Lee's best man.
Julie Thatcher is Elizabeth's hopeless romantic younger sister. She often gets herself into sticky situations by falling head over heels for men who aren't quite what they seem. In season 2 she gets involved with Jack's brother Tom, which causes trouble with her family and for Jack and Elizabeth's relationship.
Cat Montgomery is a kind, encouraging woman in Coal Valley. She is a widow and mother of three: Gabe, Miles, and Emily. Cat was one of the first mothers to show kindness to Elizabeth when she first came. She desperately wants her children to remember the good memories of their father as seen by her self-sacrificing acts in "Secrets and Lies." Possessing a great sense of teamwork and encouragement, Cat supports the women of Coal Valley while working in the mines in "Cease and Desist." She is good friends with Elizabeth and Abigail. In "These Games," she also helps Jack catch a thief.
Florence Blakeley is a feisty gossip in Hope Valley. She often has a pessimistic perspective and always seems to find the negative, even in a very positive situation. In "Heart and Home," Abigail told Florence what she really thought about her, which causes Florence to rein in her negativity somewhat, though she remains fairly outspoken. While not always likable, Florence adds spice to life in Hope Valley.
Molly Sullivan is a friend of Lee Coulter and Elizabeth Thatcher. Molly's husband was killed in the mine disaster. She has a daughter Rosaleen. In season 1's "A Telling Silence," Rosaleen has trouble in school because she misses her father so much. When she runs away, Elizabeth finds her in the mine, feeling guilty that she didn't bring her father his lunch the day of the disaster because she wanted to play with a friend instead. She fears her mother will blame her, but Elizabeth convinces her that Molly will "say that she loves her more than life itself." Molly is reunited with her daughter, to the joy of the town's people. In season 2's "With All My Heart," Lee feels it's time to "play hard to get" with Rosemary, so he enlists help from Molly. She pretends to be interested in him romantically. This ploy works and Rosemary admits that she does in fact like him. Molly is a kind woman and was among the first to welcome Elizabeth to town.
Clara Stanton is the wife of Abigail's late son Peter, and is a sweet, quiet, and sensitive young woman. Abigail never knew she had a daughter-in-law until season 2's "Trials of the Heart;" with Peter having married Clara only three days before he was killed. In "Heart's Desire," Abigail invites Clara to come live with her in Hope Valley, an offer that Clara accepts.
Charles Kensington III is an old friend of Elizabeth with whom she reconnects while in Hamilton. He is interested in her, though her feelings for Jack get in the way of their relationship.
Broadcast[edit]
The first season of the series was subsequently picked up by CBC Television for rebroadcast as a summer series in 2015.[18] The network has since aired the second and third seasons.[19][20] The series became available internationally on Netflix in August 2017.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Reiher, Andrea (January 11, 2014). "'When Calls the Heart' premiere: Will you return to the frontier?". Zap2It. From Inside the Box (blog). Retrieved January 13, 2014.
Jump up ^ "'When Calls the Heart' features Aussie Mountie". Canadian Press, April 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Hallmark Channel - The Movie Cast". Hallmarkchannel.com. Retrieved 2014-02-28.
Jump up ^ ""When Calls the Heart," Hallmark Channel's Newest Original Primetime Series Kicks Off with a 2-Hour Special Extended Pilot on October 5" (Press release). Hallmark Channel. 24 July 2013. Retrieved 2016-01-11 – via The Futon Critic.
Jump up ^ The Deadline Team (June 12, 2013). "Hallmark Channel's 'When Calls The Heart' Adds Cast; 'Cedar Cove' July Premiere Set". Deadline.com. Retrieved 2014-01-13.
Jump up ^ "Special Announcement - When Calls the Heart". April 24, 2017. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (July 31, 2017). "'When Calls The Heart' Gets Season 5 Premiere Date On Hallmark Channel". Deadline.com. Retrieved August 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Hallmark Channel - About the Series". Hallmarkchannel.com. Retrieved 2014-02-28.
Jump up ^ Brioux, Bill (December 6, 2013). "'When Calls The Heart' TV Series Set In Fictional Town Built In B.C". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on December 7, 2013. Retrieved February 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ Owen, Rob (May 1, 2015). "TV Q&A: 'Grey's Anatomy,' 'Younger,' 'Bones' and a former Pittsburgh news anchor". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved May 1, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (May 5, 2014). "When Calls the Heart' Renewed for Second Season by Hallmark Channel". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 5, 2014.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (July 28, 2015). "'When Calls The Heart' Renewed For Season 3 On Hallmark Channel". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ "When Calls the Heart videos". Hallmark Channel.
Jump up ^ McLennan, Cindy (April 11, 2016). "When Calls the Heart: Season Four Renewal for Hallmark Channel Series". TV Series Finale. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (April 15, 2016). "'When Calls The Heart' Renewed For Season 4 By Hallmark Channel". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ Takeuchi, Craig (August 21, 2017). "Filming in Vancouver: Johnny Depp, When Calls the Heart, and Eggplant Emoji". Inside Vancouver. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Krakow, Erin [@erinkrakow] (December 21, 2017). "That's a Season 5 WRAP for Elizabeth! It flew! Missing my Hope Valley friends already!" (Tweet). Retrieved December 25, 2017 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ "CBC-TV stacks fall and winter lineups with British, Aussie fare". 680 News, May 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ "CBC Television reveals its 2016 summer schedule with five new primetime series, returning hits and the Rio 2016 Olympic Games". CBC Television. May 18, 2016. Retrieved August 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "CBC Announces 2017-18 Programming Slate". CBC Television. May 24, 2017. Retrieved August 3, 2017.
External links[edit]
Official website
When Calls the Heart on IMDb
[hide]
v
t
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Hallmark Channel original programming
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Signed, Sealed, Delivered (2014)
Current
Home and Family (since 2012)
When Calls the Heart (since 2014)
Good Witch (since 2015)
Chesapeake Shores (since 2016)
Related
List of Hallmark Channel Original Movies
Hallmark Hall of Fame
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text:
The Whiskey Ain't Workin'
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"The Whiskey Ain't Workin'"
Single by Travis Tritt and Marty Stuart
from the album It's All About To Change
B-side
"Bible Belt"
Released
November 11, 1991
Recorded
1991
Genre
Country
Length
2:40
Label
Warner Bros.
Songwriter(s)
Ronny Scaife
Marty Stuart
Producer(s)
Gregg Brown
Travis Tritt singles chronology
"Anymore"
(1991) "The Whiskey Ain't Workin'"
(1991) "Nothing Short of Dying"
(1992)
"Anymore"
(1991) "The Whiskey Ain't Workin'"
(1991) "Nothing Short of Dying"
(1992)
Marty Stuart singles chronology
"Tempted"
(1991) Tempted1991 "The Whiskey Ain't Workin'"
(1991) The Whiskey Ain't Workin'1991 "Burn Me Down"
(1992) Burn Me Down1992
"The Whiskey Ain't Workin'" is a song recorded by American country music artists Travis Tritt and Marty Stuart. It was released in November 1991 as the third single from Tritt's album It's All About to Change. It peaked at number 2 on the Billboard country music chart in the United States,[1] and at number 4 on the country singles chart in Canada. The song was written by Stuart and Ronny Scaife.
Contents
[hide]
1 Music video
2 Personnel
3 Chart positions
3.1 Year-end charts
4 References
Music video[edit]
The music video is directed by Gerry Wenner. In it, Tritt and Stuart are at a bar and they wind up going to jail but are bailed out by a woman who was also at the bar.
Personnel[edit]
Compiled from liner notes.[2]
Richard Bennett — electric guitar
Mike Brignardello — bass guitar
Larry Byrom — acoustic guitar
Terry Crisp — steel guitar
Stuart Duncan — fiddle
Dennis Locorriere — background vocals
Tim Passmore — background vocals
Matt Rollings — piano
Jim Ruggiere — harmonica
Marty Stuart — electric guitar solo, lead and background vocals
Travis Tritt — lead vocals
Steve Turner — drums
Billy Joe Walker, Jr. — electric guitar
Chart positions[edit]
Chart (1991–1992)
Peak
position
Canada Country Tracks (RPM)[3] 4
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[4] 2
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1992)
Position
Canada Country Tracks (RPM)[5] 48
US Country Songs (Billboard)[6] 55
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). The Billboard Book Of Top 40 Country Hits: 1944-2006, Second edition. Record Research. p. 353.
Jump up ^ It's All About to Change (CD booklet). Travis Tritt. Warner Bros. Records. 1991. 26589.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Country Tracks: Issue 2058." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. February 22, 1992. Retrieved August 15, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Travis Tritt Chart History (Hot Country Songs)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "RPM Top 100 Country Tracks of 1992". RPM. December 19, 1992. Retrieved August 15, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Best of 1992: Country Songs". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. 1992. Retrieved August 15, 2013.
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Travis Tritt singles
Country Club
"Country Club"
"Help Me Hold On"
"I'm Gonna Be Somebody"
"Put Some Drive in Your Country"
"Drift Off to Dream"
It's All About to Change
"Here's a Quarter (Call Someone Who Cares)"
"Anymore"
"The Whiskey Ain't Workin'" (With Marty Stuart)
"Nothing Short of Dying"
T-R-O-U-B-L-E
"Lord Have Mercy on the Working Man"
"Can I Trust You with My Heart"
"T-R-O-U-B-L-E"
"Looking Out for Number One"
"Worth Every Mile"
Ten Feet Tall and Bulletproof
"Foolish Pride"
"Ten Feet Tall and Bulletproof"
"Between an Old Memory and Me"
"Tell Me I Was Dreaming"
Greatest Hits: From the Beginning
"Sometimes She Forgets"
"Only You (And You Alone)"
The Restless Kind
"More Than You'll Ever Know"
"Where Corn Don't Grow"
"She's Going Home with Me"
"Helping Me Get Over You" (With Lari White)
"Still in Love with You"
No More Looking over My Shoulder
"If I Lost You"
"No More Looking Over My Shoulder"
"Start the Car"
Down the Road I Go
"Best of Intentions"
"It's a Great Day to Be Alive"
"Love of a Woman"
"Modern Day Bonnie and Clyde"
Strong Enough
"Strong Enough to Be Your Man"
"Country Ain't Country"
My Honky Tonk History
"The Girl's Gone Wild"
"What Say You" (with John Mellencamp)
"I See Me"
The Storm
"You Never Take Me Dancing"
"Something Stronger Than Me"
The Calm After...
"Sometimes Love Just Ain't Enough" (With Tyler Reese)
Other songs
"This One's Gonna Hurt You (For a Long, Long Time)" (with Marty Stuart)
"Take It Easy"
"The Devil Comes Back to Georgia" (With Mark O'Connor, Charlie Daniels, Johnny Cash, and Marty Stuart)
"Honky Tonkin's What I Do Best" (With Marty Stuart)
"Hope"
"Here's Your Sign (Get the Picture)" (With Bill Engvall)
"Same Old Train"
"Out of Control Raging Fire" (with Patty Loveless)
"Southern Boy" (with Charlie Daniels)
"Bible Belt" (with Little Feat)
"Move It On Over"
"Lonesome, On'ry and Mean"
[show]
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Marty Stuart
Studio albums
Busy Bee Cafe
Marty Stuart
Let There Be Country
Hillbilly Rock
Tempted
This One's Gonna Hurt You
Once Upon a Time
Love and Luck
Honky Tonkin's What I Do Best
The Pilgrim
Country Music
Souls' Chapel
Badlands: Ballads of the Lakota
Live at the Ryman
Cool Country Favorites
Ghost Train: The Studio B Sessions
Nashville, Volume 1: Tear the Woodpile Down
Saturday Night / Sunday Morning
Way Out West
Compilation albums
The Marty Party Hit Pack
Compadres: An Anthology of Duets
Notable singles
"Arlene"
"Cry! Cry! Cry!"
"Hillbilly Rock"
"Western Girls"
"Little Things"
"Till I Found You"
"Tempted"
"Burn Me Down"
"This One's Gonna Hurt You (For a Long, Long Time)" (with Travis Tritt)
"Now That's Country"
"Hey Baby"
"Kiss Me, I'm Gone"
"Honky Tonkin's What I Do Best" (with Travis Tritt)
"You Can't Stop Love"
Guest singles
"The Whiskey Ain't Workin'" (with Travis Tritt)
Related articles
Discography
Connie Smith
"Honky Tonk Crowd"
"I'll Love You Forever (If I Want To)"
This 1990s country song-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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Categories:
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