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List of Olympic medalists in figure skating
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Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir are the most decorated Olympic figure skaters with 3 gold and 2 silver medals.
Figure skating has been part of the Olympic Games since 1908 and has been included in 25 Olympic Games. There have been 271 medals (91 gold, 90 silver, and 90 bronze) awarded to figure skaters representing 29 representing National Olympic Committees. Six events have been contested but one, men's special figures, was discontinued after a single Olympics.
Canadian ice dancers Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir are the only figure skaters to win five Olympic medals (3 gold, 2 silver). Swedish figure skater Gillis Grafström (3 gold, 1 silver) and Russian figure skater Evgeni Plushenko (2 gold, 2 silver) each have four medals. Seventeen figure skaters have won three medals.
The only skaters with three consecutive titles are Grafström in men's singles, Sonja Henie (Norway) in ladies' singles, and Irina Rodnina (Soviet Union) in pairs. Sixteen figure skaters have earned two golds within the same discipline and five skaters have earned gold in two separate Olympic events.
On two occasions, there has been a podium sweep. Russian figure skaters hold the unique record for earning gold medals in all six Olympic figure skating events. Three skaters won Olympic medals in multiple figure skating disciplines.
Contents
[hide]
1 Medalists
1.1 Men's singles
1.2 Men's special figures
1.3 Ladies' singles
1.4 Pairs
1.5 Ice dancing
1.6 Team event
2 Multi-medalists
2.1 Most medals
2.2 Multiple golds
2.3 Multi-medalists by event
2.3.1 Men's singles
2.3.2 Ladies' singles
2.3.3 Pairs
2.3.4 Ice dancing
2.3.5 Team event
2.4 Multiple events
2.4.1 Two disciplines
2.4.2 One discipline plus team event
2.5 Summer and Winter Games
3 Country records
3.1 Winning streak
3.2 Events won
3.3 Podium sweeps
4 Medal totals by country
4.1 Men's singles
4.2 Men's special figures
4.3 Ladies' singles
4.4 Pairs
4.5 Ice dancing
4.6 Team event
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
Medalists[edit]
Men's singles[edit]
Ulrich Salchow of Sweden, creator of the Salchow jump, was the first Olympic champion in men's figure skating.
Russian Evgeni Plushenko won the 2006 singles title with a world record score.[1]
2014 Winter Olympics men's singles medalists, from left to right: Patrick Chan (silver), Yuzuru Hanyu (gold), and Denis Ten (bronze).
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze
1908 London
details Ulrich Salchow
Sweden Richard Johansson
Sweden Per Thorén
Sweden
1912 Stockholm not included in the Olympic program
1920 Antwerp
details Gillis Grafström
Sweden Andreas Krogh
Norway Martin Stixrud
Norway
1924 Chamonix
details Gillis Grafström
Sweden Willy Böckl
Austria Georges Gautschi
Switzerland
1928 St. Moritz
details Gillis Grafström
Sweden Willy Böckl
Austria Robert van Zeebroeck
Belgium
1932 Lake Placid
details Karl Schäfer
Austria Gillis Grafström
Sweden Montgomery Wilson
Canada
1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen
details Karl Schäfer
Austria Ernst Baier
Germany Felix Kaspar
Austria
1948 St. Moritz
details Dick Button
United States Hans Gerschwiler
Switzerland Edi Rada
Austria
1952 Oslo
details Dick Button
United States Helmut Seibt
Austria James Grogan
United States
1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo
details Hayes Alan Jenkins
United States Ronnie Robertson
United States David Jenkins
United States
1960 Squaw Valley
details David Jenkins
United States Karol Divín
Czechoslovakia Donald Jackson
Canada
1964 Innsbruck
details Manfred Schnelldorfer
United Team of Germany Alain Calmat
France Scott Allen
United States
1968 Grenoble
details Wolfgang Schwarz
Austria Timothy Wood
United States Patrick Péra
France
1972 Sapporo
details Ondrej Nepela
Czechoslovakia Sergei Chetverukhin
Soviet Union Patrick Péra
France
1976 Innsbruck
details John Curry
Great Britain Vladimir Kovalev
Soviet Union Toller Cranston
Canada
1980 Lake Placid
details Robin Cousins
Great Britain Jan Hoffmann
East Germany Charles Tickner
United States
1984 Sarajevo
details Scott Hamilton
United States Brian Orser
Canada Jozef Sabovčík
Czechoslovakia
1988 Calgary
details Brian Boitano
United States Brian Orser
Canada Viktor Petrenko
Soviet Union
1992 Albertville
details Viktor Petrenko
Unified Team Paul Wylie
United States Petr Barna
Czechoslovakia
1994 Lillehammer
details Alexei Urmanov
Russia Elvis Stojko
Canada Philippe Candeloro
France
1998 Nagano
details Ilia Kulik
Russia Elvis Stojko
Canada Philippe Candeloro
France
2002 Salt Lake City
details Alexei Yagudin
Russia Evgeni Plushenko
Russia Timothy Goebel
United States
2006 Torino
details Evgeni Plushenko
Russia Stéphane Lambiel
Switzerland Jeffrey Buttle
Canada
2010 Vancouver
details Evan Lysacek
United States Evgeni Plushenko
Russia Daisuke Takahashi
Japan
2014 Sochi
details Yuzuru Hanyu
Japan Patrick Chan
Canada Denis Ten
Kazakhstan
2018 Pyeongchang
details Yuzuru Hanyu
Japan Shoma Uno
Japan Javier Fernández
Spain
Men's special figures[edit]
Nikolai Panin of Russia, the sole winner of the special figures event
Men's special figures was only included in one Olympic Games before being discontinued. The sole winner of the event was Russian Nikolai Panin, who gave his country its first ever Olympic gold medal.[2]
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze
1908 London
details Nikolai Panin
Russian Empire Arthur Cumming
Great Britain Geoffrey Hall-Say
Great Britain
Ladies' singles[edit]
Norwegian Sonja Henie holds the record of three consecutive victories in the ladies' individual event (1928–1936).
East Germany's Katarina Witt won the 1988 ladies' singles gold medal, becoming the second female figure skater to win back-to-back Olympic titles.
Yuna Kim won the ladies' title in 2010 with world record scores for the short program, free skating and overall total.
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze
1908 London
details Madge Syers
Great Britain Elsa Rendschmidt
Germany Dorothy Greenhough-Smith
Great Britain
1920 Antwerp
details Magda Julin
Sweden Svea Norén
Sweden Theresa Weld
United States
1924 Chamonix
details Herma Szabo
Austria Beatrix Loughran
United States Ethel Muckelt
Great Britain
1928 St. Moritz
details Sonja Henie
Norway Fritzi Burger
Austria Beatrix Loughran
United States
1932 Lake Placid
details Sonja Henie
Norway Fritzi Burger
Austria Maribel Vinson
United States
1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen
details Sonja Henie
Norway Cecilia Colledge
Great Britain Vivi-Anne Hultén
Sweden
1948 St. Moritz
details Barbara Ann Scott
Canada Eva Pawlik
Austria Jeannette Altwegg
Great Britain
1952 Oslo
details Jeannette Altwegg
Great Britain Tenley Albright
United States Jacqueline du Bief
France
1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo
details Tenley Albright
United States Carol Heiss
United States Ingrid Wendl
Austria
1960 Squaw Valley
details Carol Heiss
United States Sjoukje Dijkstra
Netherlands Barbara Roles
United States
1964 Innsbruck
details Sjoukje Dijkstra
Netherlands Regine Heitzer
Austria Petra Burka
Canada
1968 Grenoble
details Peggy Fleming
United States Gabriele Seyfert
East Germany Hana Mašková
Czechoslovakia
1972 Sapporo
details Beatrix Schuba
Austria Karen Magnussen
Canada Janet Lynn
United States
1976 Innsbruck
details Dorothy Hamill
United States Dianne de Leeuw
Netherlands Christine Errath
East Germany
1980 Lake Placid
details Anett Pötzsch
East Germany Linda Fratianne
United States Dagmar Lurz
West Germany
1984 Sarajevo
details Katarina Witt
East Germany Rosalynn Sumners
United States Kira Ivanova
Soviet Union
1988 Calgary
details Katarina Witt
East Germany Elizabeth Manley
Canada Debi Thomas
United States
1992 Albertville
details Kristi Yamaguchi
United States Midori Ito
Japan Nancy Kerrigan
United States
1994 Lillehammer
details Oksana Baiul
Ukraine Nancy Kerrigan
United States Chen Lu
China
1998 Nagano
details Tara Lipinski
United States Michelle Kwan
United States Chen Lu
China
2002 Salt Lake City
details Sarah Hughes
United States Irina Slutskaya
Russia Michelle Kwan
United States
2006 Torino
details Shizuka Arakawa
Japan Sasha Cohen
United States Irina Slutskaya
Russia
2010 Vancouver
details Yuna Kim
South Korea Mao Asada
Japan Joannie Rochette
Canada
2014 Sochi
details Adelina Sotnikova
Russia Yuna Kim
South Korea Carolina Kostner
Italy
2018 Pyeongchang
details Alina Zagitova
Olympic Athletes from Russia Evgenia Medvedeva
Olympic Athletes from Russia Kaetlyn Osmond
Canada
Pairs[edit]
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze
1908 London
details Anna Hübler
and Heinrich Burger (GER) Phyllis Johnson
and James H. Johnson (GBR) Madge Syers
and Edgar Syers (GBR)
1912 Stockholm not included in the Olympic program
1920 Antwerp
details Ludowika Jakobsson
/ Walter Jakobsson (FIN) Alexia Bryn
and Yngvar Bryn (NOR) Phyllis Johnson
and Basil Williams (GBR)
1924 Chamonix
details Helene Engelmann
and Alfred Berger (AUT) Ludowika Jakobsson
and Walter Jakobsson (FIN) Andrée Joly
and Pierre Brunet (FRA)
1928 St. Moritz
details Andrée Joly
and Pierre Brunet (FRA) Lilly Scholz
and Otto Kaiser (AUT) Melitta Brunner
and Ludwig Wrede (AUT)
1932 Lake Placid
details Andrée Brunet
and Pierre Brunet (FRA) Beatrix Loughran
and Sherwin Badger (USA) Emília Rotter
and László Szollás (HUN)
1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen
details Maxi Herber
and Ernst Baier (GER) Ilse Pausin
and Erik Pausin (AUT) Emília Rotter
and László Szollás (HUN)
1948 St. Moritz
details Micheline Lannoy
and Pierre Baugniet (BEL) Andrea Kékesy
and Ede Király (HUN) Suzanne Morrow
and Wallace Diestelmeyer (CAN)
1952 Oslo
details Ria Falk
and Paul Falk (GER) Karol Kennedy
and Peter Kennedy (USA) Marianna Nagy
and László Nagy (HUN)
1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo
details Sissy Schwarz
and Kurt Oppelt (AUT) Frances Dafoe
and Norris Bowden (CAN) Marianna Nagy
and László Nagy (HUN)
1960 Squaw Valley
details Barbara Wagner
and Robert Paul (CAN) Marika Kilius
and Hans-Jürgen Bäumler (EUA) Nancy Ludington
and Ronald Ludington (USA)
1964 Innsbruck
details Ludmila Belousova
and Oleg Protopopov (URS) Marika Kilius
and Hans-Jürgen Bäumler (EUA)
Debbi Wilkes
and Guy Revell (CAN)[a] Vivian Joseph
and Ronald Joseph (USA)
1968 Grenoble
details Ludmila Belousova
and Oleg Protopopov (URS) Tatyana Zhuk
and Aleksandr Gorelik (URS) Margot Glockshuber
and Wolfgang Danne (FRG)
1972 Sapporo
details Irina Rodnina
and Alexei Ulanov (URS) Lyudmila Smirnova
and Andrei Suraikin (URS) Manuela Groß
and Uwe Kagelmann (GDR)
1976 Innsbruck
details Irina Rodnina
and Alexander Zaitsev (URS) Romy Kermer
and Rolf Österreich (GDR) Manuela Groß
and Uwe Kagelmann (GDR)
1980 Lake Placid
details Irina Rodnina
and Alexander Zaitsev (URS) Marina Cherkasova
and Sergei Shakhrai (URS) Manuela Mager
and Uwe Bewersdorf (GDR)
1984 Sarajevo
details Elena Valova
and Oleg Vasiliev (URS) Kitty Carruthers
and Peter Carruthers (USA) Larisa Selezneva
and Oleg Makarov (URS)
1988 Calgary
details Ekaterina Gordeeva
and Sergei Grinkov (URS) Elena Valova
and Oleg Vasiliev (URS) Jill Watson
and Peter Oppegard (USA)
1992 Albertville
details Natalia Mishkutenok
and Artur Dmitriev (EUN) Elena Bechke
and Denis Petrov (EUN) Isabelle Brasseur
and Lloyd Eisler (CAN)
1994 Lillehammer
details Ekaterina Gordeeva
and Sergei Grinkov (RUS) Natalia Mishkutenok
and Artur Dmitriev (RUS) Isabelle Brasseur
and Lloyd Eisler (CAN)
1998 Nagano
details Oksana Kazakova
and Artur Dmitriev (RUS) Elena Berezhnaya
and Anton Sikharulidze (RUS) Mandy Wötzel
and Ingo Steuer (GER)
2002 Salt Lake City
details Elena Berezhnaya
and Anton Sikharulidze (RUS)
Jamie Salé
and David Pelletier (CAN) None awarded[b] Shen Xue
and Zhao Hongbo (CHN)
2006 Torino
details Tatiana Totmianina
and Maxim Marinin (RUS) Zhang Dan
and Zhang Hao (CHN) Shen Xue
and Zhao Hongbo (CHN)
2010 Vancouver
details Shen Xue
and Zhao Hongbo (CHN) Pang Qing
and Tong Jian (CHN) Aliona Savchenko
and Robin Szolkowy (GER)
2014 Sochi
details Tatiana Volosozhar
and Maxim Trankov (RUS) Ksenia Stolbova
and Fedor Klimov (RUS) Aliona Savchenko
and Robin Szolkowy (GER)
2018 Pyeongchang
details Aliona Savchenko
and Bruno Massot (GER) Sui Wenjing
and Han Cong (CHN) Meagan Duhamel
and Eric Radford (CAN)
Ice dancing[edit]
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze
1976 Innsbruck
details Lyudmila Pakhomova
and Aleksandr Gorshkov (URS) Irina Moiseyeva
and Andrei Minenkov (URS) Colleen O'Connor
and James Millns (USA)
1980 Lake Placid
details Natalia Linichuk
and Gennadi Karponossov (URS) Krisztina Regőczy
and András Sallay (HUN) Irina Moiseyeva
and Andrei Minenkov (URS)
1984 Sarajevo
details Jayne Torvill
and Christopher Dean (GBR) Natalia Bestemianova
and Andrei Bukin (URS) Marina Klimova
and Sergei Ponomarenko (URS)
1988 Calgary
details Natalia Bestemianova
and Andrei Bukin (URS) Marina Klimova
and Sergei Ponomarenko (URS) Tracy Wilson
and Robert McCall (CAN)
1992 Albertville
details Marina Klimova
and Sergei Ponomarenko (EUN) Isabelle Duchesnay
and Paul Duchesnay (FRA) Maya Usova
and Alexander Zhulin (EUN)
1994 Lillehammer
details Oksana Grishuk
and Evgeny Platov (RUS) Maya Usova
and Alexander Zhulin (RUS) Jayne Torvill
and Christopher Dean (GBR)
1998 Nagano
details Oksana Grishuk
and Evgeny Platov (RUS) Anjelika Krylova
and Oleg Ovsyannikov (RUS) Marina Anissina
and Gwendal Peizerat (FRA)
2002 Salt Lake City
details Marina Anissina
and Gwendal Peizerat (FRA) Irina Lobacheva
and Ilia Averbukh (RUS) Barbara Fusar-Poli
and Maurizio Margaglio (ITA)
2006 Torino
details Tatiana Navka
and Roman Kostomarov (RUS) Tanith Belbin
and Benjamin Agosto (USA) Elena Grushina
and Ruslan Goncharov (UKR)
2010 Vancouver
details Tessa Virtue
and Scott Moir (CAN) Meryl Davis
and Charlie White (USA) Oksana Domnina
and Maxim Shabalin (RUS)
2014 Sochi
details Meryl Davis
and Charlie White (USA) Tessa Virtue
and Scott Moir (CAN) Elena Ilinykh
and Nikita Katsalapov (RUS)
2018 Pyeongchang
details Tessa Virtue
and Scott Moir (CAN) Gabriella Papadakis
and Guillaume Cizeron (FRA) Maia Shibutani
and Alex Shibutani (USA)
Team event[edit]
The team event is the newest Olympic figure skating event, first contested in the 2014 Games. It combines the four Olympic figure skating disciplines (men's singles, ladies' singles, pairs, and ice dancing) into a single event with the team earning the most placement points winning gold.
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze
2014 Sochi
details Russia (RUS)
Evgeni Plushenko
Yulia Lipnitskaya
Ksenia Stolbova
Fedor Klimov
Elena Ilinykh
Nikita Katsalapov
Tatiana Volosozhar
Maxim Trankov
Ekaterina Bobrova
Dmitri Soloviev Canada (CAN)
Patrick Chan
Kevin Reynolds
Kaetlyn Osmond
Meagan Duhamel
Eric Radford
Kirsten Moore-Towers
Dylan Moscovitch
Tessa Virtue
Scott Moir
United States (USA)
Jeremy Abbott
Jason Brown
Ashley Wagner
Gracie Gold
Marissa Castelli
Simon Shnapir
Meryl Davis
Charlie White
2018 Pyeongchang
details Canada (CAN)
Patrick Chan
Kaetlyn Osmond
Gabrielle Daleman
Meagan Duhamel
Eric Radford
Tessa Virtue
Scott Moir
Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR)
Mikhail Kolyada
Evgenia Medvedeva
Alina Zagitova
Evgenia Tarasova
Vladimir Morozov
Natalia Zabiiako
Alexander Enbert
Ekaterina Bobrova
Dmitri Soloviev
United States (USA)
Nathan Chen
Adam Rippon
Bradie Tennell
Mirai Nagasu
Alexa Scimeca Knierim
Chris Knierim
Maia Shibutani
Alex Shibutani
Multi-medalists[edit]
Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir are the most decorated Olympic figure skaters with 5 medals.
Ice dancers Marina Klimova and Sergei Ponomarenko won a bronze medal in 1984, improved to a silver in 1988, and capped their Olympic appearances with a gold in 1992.
Russian ice dancing pair Oksana Grishuk and Evgeny Platov won the 1994 and 1998 Olympic titles.
Most medals[edit]
Gillis Grafström earned the most medals in a single event: four medals, three of which gold, in men's singles. The only other skaters to have earned three golds in a single discipline are Sonja Henie in ladies' singles and Irina Rodnina in pairs.
Counting multiple events, Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir hold the record for the most medals, with a total of five medals including two golds in ice dancing and a team event gold. Evgeni Plushenko earned four medals, including a gold in men's singles and a team event gold.
Figure skaters who won three or more medal at the Olympics are listed below:[6]
Athlete
Nation
Events
Olympics
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
Virtue, TessaTessa Virtue / Moir, ScottScott Moir Canada (CAN) ice dancing & team 2010–2018 3 2 0 5
Grafström, GillisGillis Grafström Sweden (SWE) men's singles 1920–1932 3 1 0 4
Henie, SonjaSonja Henie Norway (NOR) ladies' singles 1928–1936 3 0 0 3
Rodnina, IrinaIrina Rodnina[c] Soviet Union (URS) pairs 1972–1980 3 0 0 3
Plushenko, EvgeniEvgeni Plushenko Russia (RUS) men's singles & team 2002–2014 2 2 0 4
Dmitriev, ArturArtur Dmitriev[d] Unified Team (EUN)
Russia (RUS) pairs 1992–1998 2 1 0 3
Brunet, AndréeAndrée Brunet / Brunet, PierrePierre Brunet France (FRA) pairs 1924–1932 2 0 1 3
Chan, PatrickPatrick Chan Canada (CAN) men's singles & team 2014–2018 1 2 0 3
Klimova, MarinaMarina Klimova / Ponomarenko, SergeiSergei Ponomarenko Soviet Union (URS)
Unified Team (EUN) ice dancing 1984–1992 1 1 1 3
Davis, MerylMeryl Davis / White, CharlieCharlie White United States (USA) ice dancing & team 2010–2014 1 1 1 3
Meagan Duhamel !Meagan Duhamel / Eric Radford !Eric Radford Canada (CAN) pairs & team 2014–2018 1 1 1 3
Kaetlyn Osmond !Kaetlyn Osmond Canada (CAN) ladies' singles & team 2014–2018 1 1 1 3
Shen Xue !Shen Xue / Zhao Hongbo !Zhao Hongbo China (CHN) pairs 2002–2010 1 0 2 3
Savchenko, AlionaAliona Savchenko[e] Germany (GER) pairs 2010–2018 1 0 2 3
Loughran, BeatrixBeatrix Loughran United States (USA) ladies' singles & pairs 1924–1932 0 2 1 3
Multiple golds[edit]
Swedish Gillis Grafström, is a three-time Olympic figure skating gold medalist in the men's singles.
The only skaters with three consecutive titles are Gillis Grafström in men's singles, Sonja Henie in ladies' singles, and Irina Rodnina in pairs. The most consecutive titles in ice dance is two, which has only been achieved by Oksana Grishuk and Evgeny Platov. In addition, one ladies' singles skater, three men's singles skaters, and five pairs skaters have earned consecutive titles. Two ice dancers and three pair skaters have earned non-consecutive titles.
Five skaters have won Olympic gold medals in multiple events. Evgeni Plushenko won gold in men's singles in 2006 and team event gold in 2014. Tatiana Volosozhar and Maxim Trankov were the first skaters to win multiple events at a single Olympics, winning both pairs and team event. Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir matched this feat four years later, earning golds in ice dancing and team event.
Athlete
Nation
Olympics
Golds
Event(s)
Grafström, GillisGillis Grafström Sweden (SWE) 1920–1928 3 men's singles
Henie, SonjaSonja Henie Norway (NOR) 1928–1936 3 ladies' singles
Rodnina, IrinaIrina Rodnina[c] Soviet Union (URS) 1972–1980 3 pairs
Virtue, TessaTessa Virtue / Moir, ScottScott Moir Canada (CAN) 2010, 2018 3 2 in ice dancing (2010, 2018)
1 in team event (2018)
Schäfer, KarlKarl Schäfer Austria (AUT) 1932–1936 2 men's singles
Button, DickDick Button United States (USA) 1948–1952 2 men's singles
Hanyu, YuzuruYuzuru Hanyu Japan (JPN) 2014–2018 2 men's singles
Plushenko, EvgeniEvgeni Plushenko Russia (RUS) 2006, 2014 2 1 in men's singles (2006)
1 in team event (2014)
Witt, KatarinaKatarina Witt East Germany (GDR) 1984–1988 2 ladies' singles
Brunet, AndréeAndrée Brunet / Brunet, PierrePierre Brunet France (FRA) 1928–1932 2 pairs
Belousova, LudmilaLudmila Belousova / Protopopov, OlegOleg Protopopov Soviet Union (URS) 1964–1968 2 pairs
Zaitsev, AlexanderAlexander Zaitsev[c] Soviet Union (URS) 1976–1980 2 pairs
Gordeeva, EkaterinaEkaterina Gordeeva / Grinkov, SergeiSergei Grinkov Soviet Union (URS)
Russia (RUS) 1988, 1994 2 pairs
Dmitriev, ArturArtur Dmitriev[d] Unified Team (EUN)
Russia (RUS) 1992, 1998 2 pairs
Volosozhar, TatianaTatiana Volosozhar / Trankov, MaximMaxim Trankov Russia (RUS) 2014 2 1 in pairs
1 in team event
Grishuk, OksanaOksana Grishuk / Platov, EvgenyEvgeny Platov Russia (RUS) 1994–1998 2 ice dancing
Multi-medalists by event[edit]
Sonja Henie and Karl Schäfer won a combined five Olympic titles.
Men's singles[edit]
Athlete
Nation
Olympics
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
Grafström, GillisGillis Grafström Sweden (SWE) 1920–1932 3 1 0 4
Schäfer, KarlKarl Schäfer Austria (AUT) 1932–1936 2 0 0 2
Button, DickDick Button United States (USA) 1948–1952 2 0 0 2
Hanyu, YuzuruYuzuru Hanyu Japan (JPN) 2014–2018 2 0 0 2
Plushenko, EvgeniEvgeni Plushenko Russia (RUS) 2002–2014 1 2 0 3
Jenkins, DavidDavid Jenkins United States (USA) 1956–1960 1 0 1 2
Petrenko, ViktorViktor Petrenko Soviet Union (URS)
Unified Team (EUN) 1988–1992 1 0 1 2
Böckl, WillyWilly Böckl Austria (AUT) 1924–1928 0 2 0 2
Orser, BrianBrian Orser Canada (CAN) 1984–1988 0 2 0 2
Stojko, ElvisElvis Stojko Canada (CAN) 1994–1998 0 2 0 2
Péra, PatrickPatrick Péra France (FRA) 1968–1972 0 0 2 2
Candeloro, PhilippePhilippe Candeloro France (FRA) 1994–1998 0 0 2 2
Ladies' singles[edit]
Athlete
Nation
Olympics
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
Henie, SonjaSonja Henie Norway (NOR) 1928–1936 3 0 0 3
Witt, KatarinaKatarina Witt East Germany (GDR) 1984–1988 2 0 0 2
Albright, TenleyTenley Albright United States (USA) 1952–1956 1 1 0 2
Heiss, CarolCarol Heiss United States (USA) 1956–1960 1 1 0 2
Dijkstra, SjoukjeSjoukje Dijkstra Netherlands (NED) 1960–1964 1 1 0 2
Kim, YunaYuna Kim South Korea (KOR) 2010–2014 1 1 0 2
Altwegg, JeannetteJeannette Altwegg Great Britain (GBR) 1948–1952 1 0 1 2
Burger, FritziFritzi Burger Austria (AUT) 1928–1932 0 2 0 2
Loughran, BeatrixBeatrix Loughran United States (USA) 1924–1928 0 1 1 2
Kerrigan, NancyNancy Kerrigan United States (USA) 1992–1994 0 1 1 2
Kwan, MichelleMichelle Kwan United States (USA) 1998–2002 0 1 1 2
Slutskaya, IrinaIrina Slutskaya Russia (RUS) 2002–2006 0 1 1 2
Chen, Lu !Chen Lu China (CHN) 1994–1998 0 0 2 2
Pairs[edit]
Athlete
Nation
Olympics
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
Rodnina, IrinaIrina Rodnina[c] Soviet Union (URS) 1972–1980 3 0 0 3
Dmitriev, ArturArtur Dmitriev[d] Unified Team (EUN)
Russia (RUS) 1992–1998 2 1 0 3
Brunet, AndréeAndrée Brunet / Brunet, PierrePierre Brunet France (FRA) 1924–1932 2 0 1 3
Belousova, LudmilaLudmila Belousova / Protopopov, OlegOleg Protopopov Soviet Union (URS) 1964–1968 2 0 0 2
Zaitsev, AlexanderAlexander Zaitsev[c] Soviet Union (URS) 1976–1980 2 0 0 2
Gordeeva, EkaterinaEkaterina Gordeeva / Grinkov, SergeiSergei Grinkov Soviet Union (URS)
Russia (RUS) 1988, 1994 2 0 0 2
Jakobsson, LudowikaLudowika Jakobsson / Jakobsson, WalterWalter Jakobsson Finland (FIN) 1920–1924 1 1 0 2
Mishkutenok, NataliaNatalia Mishkutenok[d] Unified Team (EUN)
Russia (RUS) 1992–1994 1 1 0 2
Berezhnaya, ElenaElena Berezhnaya / Sikharulidze, AntonAnton Sikharulidze Russia (RUS) 1998–2002 1 1 0 2
Shen, Xue !Shen Xue / Zhao, Hongbo !Zhao Hongbo China (CHN) 2002–2010 1 0 2 3
Savchenko, AlionaAliona Savchenko[e] Germany (GER) 2010–2018 1 0 2 3
Kilius, MarikaMarika Kilius / Bäumler, Hans-JürgenHans-Jürgen Bäumler United Team of Germany (EUA) 1960–1964 0 2 0 2
Johnson, PhyllisPhyllis Johnson[f] Great Britain (GBR) 1908–1920 0 1 1 2
Rotter, EmíliaEmília Rotter / Szollás, LászlóLászló Szollás Hungary (HUN) 1932–1936 0 0 2 2
Nagy, MariannaMarianna Nagy / Nagy, LászlóLászló Nagy Hungary (HUN) 1952–1956 0 0 2 2
Groß, ManuelaManuela Groß / Kagelmann, UweUwe Kagelmann East Germany (GDR) 1972–1976 0 0 2 2
Brasseur, IsabelleIsabelle Brasseur / Eisler, LloydLloyd Eisler Canada (CAN) 1992–1994 0 0 2 2
Szolkowy, RobinRobin Szolkowy[e] Germany (GER) 2010–2014 0 0 2 2
Ice dancing[edit]
Athlete
Nation
Olympics
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
Virtue, TessaTessa Virtue / Moir, ScottScott Moir Canada (CAN) 2010–2018 2 1 0 3
Grishuk, OksanaOksana Grishuk / Platov, EvgenyEvgeny Platov Russia (RUS) 1994–1998 2 0 0 2
Klimova, MarinaMarina Klimova / Ponomarenko, SergeiSergei Ponomarenko Soviet Union (URS)
Unified Team (EUN) 1984–1992 1 1 1 3
Bestemianova, NataliaNatalia Bestemianova / Bukin, AndreiAndrei Bukin Soviet Union (URS) 1984–1988 1 1 0 2
Davis, MerylMeryl Davis / White, CharlieCharlie White United States (USA) 2010–2014 1 1 0 2
Torvill, JayneJayne Torvill / Dean, ChristopherChristopher Dean Great Britain (GBR) 1984, 1994 1 0 1 2
Anissina, MarinaMarina Anissina / Peizerat, GwendalGwendal Peizerat France (FRA) 1998–2002 1 0 1 2
Usova, MayaMaya Usova / Zhulin, AlexanderAlexander Zhulin Unified Team (EUN)
Russia (RUS) 1992–1994 0 1 1 2
Team event[edit]
Athlete
Nation
Olympics
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
Bobrova, EkaterinaEkaterina Bobrova / Soloviev, DmitriDmitri Soloviev Russia (RUS)
Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR) 2014–2018 1 1 0 2
Chan, PatrickPatrick Chan
Osmond, KaetlynKaetlyn Osmond
Duhamel, MeaganMeagan Duhamel / Radford, EricEric Radford
Virtue, TessaTessa Virtue / Moir, ScottScott Moir Canada (CAN) 2014–2018 1 1 0 2
Multiple events[edit]
Only three skaters have won Olympic medals in multiple figure skating disciplines. All other multi-event medalists won medals in their discipline plus the team event (which, while being a separate event, is not considered its own skating discipline).
Two disciplines[edit]
In 1908, Madge Syers became the first skater to medal in multiple figure skating disciplines at a single Olympics. The only skater to match this feat was Ernst Baier in 1936. The only other skater to medal in multiple disciplines was Beatrix Loughran who did so at separate Olympics.
No skater has won gold medals in multiple disciplines.
Athlete
Nation
Disciplines
Olympics
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
Baier, ErnstErnst Baier Germany (GER) men's singles
pairs 1936 0
1 1
0 0
0 2
Syers, MadgeMadge Syers Great Britain (GBR) ladies' singles
pairs 1908 1
0 0
0 0
1 2
Loughran, BeatrixBeatrix Loughran United States (USA) ladies' singles
pairs 1924–1928
1932 0
0 1
1 1
0 3
One discipline plus team event[edit]
The team event was introduced at the 2014 Winter Olympics. It allowed skaters to medal twice while skating one discipline.
On 9 February 2014, Evgeni Plushenko became the first skater to win multiple figure skating events. On 12 February 2014, Tatiana Volosozhar and Maxim Trankov became the first skaters to win multiple events at a single Olympics. Four years later, Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir matched this feat.
The below table lists all skaters who have medaled in their own discipline and in the team event. (Team event medals are indicated by "T" in the gold, silver, and bronze columns.)
Athlete
Nation
Discipline
Olympics
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
Virtue, TessaTessa Virtue / Moir, ScottScott Moir Canada (CAN) ice dancing 2010–2018 2 + 1T 1 + 1T 0 5
Plushenko, EvgeniEvgeni Plushenko Russia (RUS) men's singles 2002–2014 1 + 1T 2 0 4
Volosozhar, TatianaTatiana Volosozhar / Trankov, MaximMaxim Trankov Russia (RUS) pairs 2014 1 + 1T 0 0 2
Chan, PatrickPatrick Chan Canada (CAN) men's singles 2014–2018 0 + 1T 1 + 1T 0 3
Davis, MerylMeryl Davis / White, CharlieCharlie White United States (USA) ice dancing 2010–2014 1 1 0 + 1T 3
Duhamel, MeaganMeagan Duhamel / Radford, EricEric Radford Canada (CAN) pairs 2014–2018 0 + 1T 0 + 1T 1 3
Osmond, KaetlynKaetlyn Osmond Canada (CAN) ladies' singles 2014–2018 0 + 1T 0 + 1T 1 3
Stolbova, KseniaKsenia Stolbova / Klimov, FedorFedor Klimov Russia (RUS) pairs 2014 0 + 1T 1 0 2
Zagitova, AlinaAlina Zagitova Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR) ladies' singles 2018 1 0 + 1T 0 2
Ilinykh, ElenaElena Ilinykh / Katsalapov, NikitaNikita Katsalapov Russia (RUS) ice dancing 2014 0 + 1T 0 1 2
Medvedeva, EvgeniaEvgenia Medvedeva Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR) ladies' singles 2018 0 1 + 1T 0 2
Shibutani, MaiaMaia Shibutani / Shibutani, AlexAlex Shibutani United States (USA) ice dancing 2018 0 0 1 + 1T 2
Summer and Winter Games[edit]
Since figure skating was held during the Summer Olympic Games in 1908 and 1920 before being moved to the Winter Olympics Games, three skaters medeled in figure skating in both the Summer and Winter Games.
Men's singles skater Gillis Grafström's first gold medal was earned at the 1920 Summer Olympics. His other three medals were won at the 1924–1932 Winter Games. Pair skaters Ludowika Jakobsson and Walter Jakobsson also earned gold during the 1920 Summer Olympics. They later medaled at the 1924 Winter Games.
Country records[edit]
Winning streak[edit]
From 1964 to 2006, Russian figure skaters—representing the Soviet Union, the Unified Team, or Russia—won the gold medal in the pairs event, in what is the longest series of victories for one country in one winter event.[7]
Events won[edit]
Russian figure skaters, counting both Russian Federation (IOC code RUS) and Russian Empire (IOC code RU1), hold the unique record for earning gold medals in all six Olympic figure skating events. Since men's special figures was discontinued, this record can not be matched.
Russia (IOC code RUS) is the only NOC to have earning gold medals in all five current Olympic figure skating events. Canada has earned gold medals in four of the events (all except men's singles). Great Britain, Unified Team, and United States have earned gold medals in three of the events.
Russia and the Unified Team are the only NOCs to have won three events at the same Olympics, at the 2014 Winter Olympics and the 1992 Winter Olympics respectively. No NOC has won more than three figure skating events at a single Olympics.
Podium sweeps[edit]
There has been two podium sweeps in Olympic figure skating history. This is when athletes from one NOC win all three medals in a single event.
Games
Event
NOC
Gold
Silver
Bronze
1908 London Men's singles Sweden (SWE) Ulrich Salchow Richard Johansson Per Thorén
1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo Men's singles United States (USA) Hayes Alan Jenkins Ronnie Robertson David Jenkins
Medal totals by country[edit]
See also: Figure skating at the Olympic Games § Medal table
Men's singles[edit]
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
1 United States (USA) 7 3 5 15
2 Sweden (SWE) 4 2 1 7
3 Russia (RUS) 4 2 6
4 Austria (AUT) 3 3 2 8
5 Japan (JPN) 2 1 1 4
6 Great Britain (GBR) 2 2
7 Czechoslovakia (TCH) 1 1 2 4
8 Unified Team (EUN) 1 1
United Team of Germany (EUA) 1 1
10 Canada (CAN) 5 4 9
11 Soviet Union (URS) 2 1 3
Switzerland (SUI) 2 1 3
13 France (FRA) 1 4 5
14 Norway (NOR) 1 1 2
15 East Germany (GDR) 1 1
/ Germany (GER) 1 1
17 Belgium (BEL) 1 1
Kazakhstan (KAZ) 1 1
Spain (ESP) 1 1
Men's special figures[edit]
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
1 Russian Empire (RU1) 1 1
2 Great Britain (GBR) 1 1 2
Ladies' singles[edit]
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
1 United States (USA) 7 8 8 23
2 East Germany (GDR) 3 1 1 5
3 Norway (NOR) 3 3
4 Austria (AUT) 2 4 1 7
5 Great Britain (GBR) 2 1 3 6
6 Canada (CAN) 1 2 3 6
7 Japan (JPN) 1 2 3
Netherlands (NED) 1 2 3
9 Russia (RUS) 1 1 1 3
Sweden (SWE) 1 1 1 3
11 Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR) 1 1 2
South Korea (KOR) 1 1 2
13 Ukraine (UKR) 1 1
14 / Germany (GER) 1 1
15 China (CHN) 2 2
16 Czechoslovakia (TCH) 1 1
France (FRA) 1 1
Italy (ITA) 1 1
Soviet Union (URS) 1 1
West Germany (FRG) 1 1
Pairs[edit]
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
1 Soviet Union (URS) 7 4 1 12
2 Russia (RUS) 5 3 8
3 / / Germany (GER) 4 3 7
4 Canada (CAN) 2 2 4 8
5 Austria (AUT) 2 2 1 5
6 France (FRA) 2 1 3
7 China (CHN) 1 3 2 6
8 Finland (FIN) 1 1 2
Unified Team (EUN) 1 1 2
10 Belgium (BEL) 1 1
11 United States (USA) 3 3 6
12 United Team of Germany (EUA) 2 2
13 Hungary (HUN) 1 4 5
14 East Germany (GDR) 1 3 4
15 Great Britain (GBR) 1 2 3
16 Norway (NOR) 1 1
17 West Germany (FRG) 1 1
Ice dancing[edit]
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
1 Russia (RUS) 3 3 2 8
Soviet Union (URS) 3 3 2 8
3 Canada (CAN) 2 1 1 4
4 United States (USA) 1 2 2 5
5 France (FRA) 1 2 1 4
6 Unified Team (EUN) 1 1 2
Great Britain (GBR) 1 1 2
8 Hungary (HUN) 1 1
9 Italy (ITA) 1 1
Ukraine (UKR) 1 1
Team event[edit]
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
1 Canada (CAN) 1 1 2
2 Russia (RUS) 1 1
3 Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR) 1 1
4 United States (USA) 2 2
See also[edit]
Figure skating at the Olympic Games
List of Olympic medalists in figure skating by age
World Figure Skating Championships
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ At the 1964 Olympics, Marika Kilius / Hans-Jürgen Bäumler, Debbi Wilkes / Guy Revell, and Vivian Joseph / Ronald Joseph pairs placed 2nd, 3rd, and 4th respectively. Two years later, Kilius / Bäumler's results were invalidated because the pair had signed a professional contract before the Olympics. The silver medals went to Wilkes / Revell and the bronze medals to Joseph / Joseph. However, in 1987, the Germans were re-awarded the silvers after appealing that other pairs had signed similar contracts but weren't exposed and disqualified. After that, the placement of Wilkes / Revell and Joseph / Joseph pairs were unclear for many years. In November 2014, the IOC clarified that since the 1987 decision that both the German and Canadian pairs are the silver medalist and the US pair are the bronze medalist.[3][4]
Jump up ^ No silver medal was awarded in the 2002 Olympic figure skating pairs event, as the Canadians Salé and Pelletier were also given a gold medal, in the aftermath of a judging scandal.[5]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Irina Rodnina won three medals in pairs with two different partners. A golds in 1972 with Alexei Ulanov and two golds in 1976 and 1980 with Alexander Zaitsev.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Artur Dmitriev won three medals in pairs with two different partners. A gold in 1992 and a silver in 1994 with Natalia Mishkutenok and another gold medal in 1998 with Oksana Kazakova.
^ Jump up to: a b c Aliona Savchenko won three medals in pairs with two different partners. Two bronze medals in 2010 and 2014 with Robin Szolkowy and a gold medal in 2018 with Bruno Massot.
Jump up ^ Phyllis Johnson won two medals in pairs with two different partners. A silver medal in 1908 with James H. Johnson and a bronze medal in 1920 with Basil Williams.
References[edit]
General
"Results database". Athletes. International Olympic Committee. Retrieved July 23, 2009.
ISU – Olympic Winter Games Figure Skating results:
Men Ladies Pairs Ice Dance
Specific
Jump up ^ Mihoces, Gary (February 14, 2006). "Record day for Russia's Plushenko; Weir second". USA Today. Retrieved July 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ Windhausen, John D. (1976). "Russia's First Olympic Victor" (PDF). Journal of Sport History. United States of America: North American Society for Sport History. 3 (1): 35–44. Retrieved July 15, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Fifty years later, Joseph siblings find redemption". IceNetwork.com. November 25, 2014.
Jump up ^ Hersh, Philip (November 25, 2014). "A half-century later, Joseph siblings recognized as Olympic medal-winners". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved November 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Sale, Pelletier share gold with Russian pair". Salt Lake'02 Winter Games. ESPN. Associated Press. February 15, 2002. Retrieved July 16, 2009.
Jump up ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Figure Skating". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved July 15, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Factsheet: Records and medals at the Olympic Winter Games" (PDF). Official website of the Olympic Movement. International Olympic Committee. February 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2009. Retrieved July 15, 2009.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Figure skating.
List of Olympic medalists in men's figure skating: photos and autographs
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Holiday Road
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
"Holiday Road"
European picture sleeve
Single by Lindsey Buckingham
from the album National Lampoon's Vacation Original Motion Picture Sound Track
B-side
"The Trip (Theme from Vacation)"
Released
June 24, 1983
Format
7"
Genre
Rock
Length
2:11
Label
Warner Bros.
Songwriter(s)
Lindsey Buckingham
Producer(s)
Lindsey Buckingham, Richard Dashut
Lindsey Buckingham singles chronology
"It Was I"
(1981) "Holiday Road"
(1983) "Go Insane"
(1984)
"It Was I"
(1981) "Holiday Road"
(1983) "Go Insane"
(1984)
Audio sample
file
help
"Holiday Road" is a 1983 single written and recorded by Fleetwood Mac guitarist Lindsey Buckingham. The song was written for the 1983 film National Lampoon's Vacation. The song was also used in the sequels National Lampoon's European Vacation, Vegas Vacation and Vacation. While the song peaked at only No. 82 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, it has since become one of Buckingham's best known songs.[1]
Buckingham released a live version of the song on his 2008 album Live at the Bass Performance Hall.
In July 2015, a remastered edition of "Holiday Road" was re-released on the Vacation soundtrack album and as a digital download along with "Dancin' Across the USA" from the original National Lampoon's Vacation soundtrack.
Contents
[hide]
1 Cover versions and usage
2 Personnel
3 References
4 External links
Cover versions and usage[edit]
The song has been covered by pop punk bands Limp, the Dahlmans, the Aquabats, Whippersnapper, Die Coverlire, Marble, Matt Pond PA, and Dirt Bike Annie. The indie rock band the Walkmen performed a version of the song in November 2010 for The A.V. Club's Holiday Undercover series.[2] In 2015, country group the Zac Brown Band covered the song for the soundtrack to the sequel Vacation.
In 2013, "Holiday Road" was adopted as the unofficial playoff victory song of the 2013 Chicago Blackhawks,[3] who went on to win the Stanley Cup on June 24, the 30th anniversary of the song's release.
In 2014, the song was used as the music on television advertising for Teletext Holidays, a British travel agency.[4] The song appears under the closing credits of Drunk Stoned Brilliant Dead: The Story of the National Lampoon, a 2015 American documentary film directed by Douglas Tirola about the magazine and its related franchises and influence. A version of the song with rewritten lyrics was used in Honda television commercials in 2017.[5]
Personnel[edit]
Lindsey Buckingham – guitar, bass guitar, keyboards, percussion, drum programming, vocals
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Trust, Gary. "Mac Attack: Five Fleetwood Mac Solo Hits". Billboard. Retrieved February 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Walkmen cover "Holiday Road"". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 6 April 2013.
Jump up ^ Baffoe, Tim (24 June 2013). "A Guide To Celebrating A Blackhawks Win Tonight". CBS Chicago. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "Our TV Ad". Teletextholidays.co.uk. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
Jump up ^ "Happy Honda Days TV Commercial, 'Holiday Road Trip'". iSpot.tv. Retrieved 2017-11-20.
External links[edit]
Holiday Road Lyrics
[show]
v
t
e
National Lampoon's Vacation
Films
National Lampoon's Vacation (1983)
National Lampoon's European Vacation (1985)
National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation (1989)
Vegas Vacation (1997)
National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation 2 (2003)
Vacation (2015)
Miscellaneous
"Holiday Road"
National Lampoon
Hotel Hell Vacation
[show]
v
t
e
Lindsey Buckingham
Studio albums
Law and Order
Go Insane
Out of the Cradle
Under the Skin
Gift of Screws
Seeds We Sow
Lindsey Buckingham Christine McVie
Live albums
Live at the Bass Performance Hall
Songs from the Small Machine: Live in L.A at Saban Theatre in Beverly Hills, CA / 2011
One Man Show
Singles
"Trouble"
"It Was I"
"Holiday Road"
"Go Insane"
Related
Buckingham Nicks
Fleetwood Mac
[show]
v
t
e
Chicago Blackhawks
Founded in 1926
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Holiday_Road&oldid=817549303"
Categories:
1983 songs
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National Lampoon's Vacation (film series)
Lindsey Buckingham songs
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Weather vane
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Gallo di Ramperto, Museo di Santa Giulia in Brescia (Italy), the oldest weather vane in the shape of a rooster in the world
Weather vane and bell on the roof of the Cathedral Saint-Étienne of Bourges (France)
Weather vane with dial, New Register House, Edinburgh, Scotland
Admiralty boardroom, 1808; a wind indicator can be seen on the end wall.
Tío Pepe wind vane in Jerez, Guinness world record of the largest wind vane that works
The Douglas DC-3 that now serves as a weather vane at Yukon Transportation Museum located beside the Whitehorse International Airport.
A "jin-pole" being used to install a weather vane atop the 200 foot steeple of a church in Kingston, New York.
A weather vane, wind vane, or weathercock is an instrument for showing the direction of the wind. It is typically used as an architectural ornament to the highest point of a building. The word vane comes from the Old English word fana meaning "flag".
Although partly functional, weather vanes are generally decorative, often featuring the traditional cockerel design with letters indicating the points of the compass. Other common motifs include ships, arrows and horses. Not all weather vanes have pointers. When the wind is sufficiently strong, the head of the arrow or cockerel (or equivalent depending on the chosen design) will indicate the direction from which the wind is blowing.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 World's largest weather vane
3 Slang term
4 See also
5 References
6 Further reading
7 External links
History[edit]
The Tower of the Winds on the ancient Greek agora in Athens once bore on its roof a wind vane in the form of a bronze Triton holding a rod in his outstretched hand, rotating as the wind changed direction. Below this was a frieze adorned with the eight Greek wind deities. The eight-metre-high structure also featured sundials, and a water clock inside. It dates from around 50 BCE.[1]
The oldest existing weather vane with the shape of a rooster is the Gallo di Ramperto, made in 820 CE and now preserved in the Museo di Santa Giulia in Brescia, Lombardy.[2][3]
Pope Leo IV had a cock placed on the Old St. Peter's Basilica or old Constantinian basilica.[4]
Pope Gregory I said that the cock (rooster) "was the most suitable emblem of Christianity", being "the emblem of St Peter", a reference to Luke 22:34 in which Jesus predcits that Peter will deny him three times before the rooster crows.[5][6]
As a result of this,[5] the cock gradually began to be used as a weather vane on church steeples, and in the 9th century Pope Nicholas I[7] ordered the figure to be placed on every church steeple.[8]
The Bayeux Tapestry of the 1070s depicts a man installing a cock on Westminster Abbey.
One alternative theory about the origin of weathercocks on church steeples is that it was an emblem of the vigilance of the clergy calling the people to prayer.[9]
Another theory says that the cock was not a Christian symbol[10] but an emblem of the sun[11] derived from the Goths.[12]
A few churches used weather vanes in the shape of the emblems of their patron saints. The City of London has two surviving examples. The weather vane of St Peter upon Cornhill is not in the shape of a rooster, but a key;[13] while St Lawrence Jewry's weather vane is in the form of a gridiron.[14]
Early weather vanes had very ornamental pointers, but modern wind vanes are usually simple arrows that dispense with the directionals because the instrument is connected to a remote reading station. An early example of this was installed in the Royal Navy's Admiralty building in London - the vane on the roof was mechanically linked to a large dial in the boardroom so senior officers were always aware of the wind direction when they met.
Modern aerovanes combine the directional vane with an anemometer (a device for measuring wind speed). Co-locating both instruments allows them to use the same axis (a vertical rod) and provides a coordinated readout.
World's largest weather vane[edit]
According to the Guinness World Records, the world's largest weather vane is a Tío Pepe sherry advertisement located in Jerez, Spain. The city of Montague, Michigan also claims to have the largest standard-design weather vane, being a ship and arrow which measures 48 feet tall, with an arrow 26 feet long.[15]
A challenger for the title of world's largest weather vane is located in Whitehorse, Yukon. The weather vane is a retired Douglas DC-3 CF-CPY atop a swiveling support. Located at the Yukon Transportation Museum[16] beside Whitehorse International Airport, the weather vane is used by pilots to determine wind direction, used as a landmark by tourists and enjoyed by locals. The weather vane only requires a 5 knot wind to rotate.[17]
Slang term[edit]
The term "weathervane" is also a slang word for a politician who has frequent changes of opinion. The National Assembly of Quebec has banned use of this slang term as a slur after its use by members of the legislature.[18]
See also[edit]
Play media
Weather vane (video)
Windsock, in aviation
Apparent wind indicator, in sailing
List of weather instruments
Weather station
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Noble, Joseph V.; Price, Derek J. de Solla (October 1968). "The Water Clock in the Tower of the Winds". American Journal of Archaeology. 72 (4): 345–355 (353). JSTOR 503828. doi:10.2307/503828.
Jump up ^ Rossana Prestini, Vicende faustiniane, in AA.VV.,La chiesa e il monastero benedettino di San Faustino Maggiore in Brescia, Gruppo Banca Lombarda, La Scuola, Brescia 1999, p. 243
Jump up ^ Fedele Savio, Gli antichi vescovi d'Italia. La Lombardia, Bergamo 1929, p. 188
Jump up ^ ST PETER'S BASILICA.ORG - Providing information on St. Peter's Basilica and Square in the Vatican City - The Treasury Museum [1]
^ Jump up to: a b John G. R. Forlong, Encyclopedia of Religions: A-d - Page 471
Jump up ^ The Antiquary: a magazine devoted to the study of the past, Volume 17 edited by Edward Walford, John Charles Cox, George Latimer Apperson - page 202 [2]
Jump up ^ Jerry Adler; Andrew Lawler (June 2012). "How the Chicken Conquered the World". Smithsonian.
Jump up ^ The Philadelphia Museum bulletin, Volumes 1-5 - By Pennsylvania Museum of Art, Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art, Philadelphia Museum of Art - p 14 - 1906 [3]
Jump up ^ Thomas Ignatius M. Forster, Circle of the Seasons, p. 18
Jump up ^ William White, Notes and Queries
Jump up ^ Hargrave Jennings, Phallicism, p. 72
Jump up ^ William Shepard Walsh, A Handy Book of Curious Information
Jump up ^ "History of London: Vanity and Wind". Wordpress. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Our Weather Vane". St Lawrence Jewry. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "The World's Largest Weather Vane - Ella Ellenwood". Retrieved 2010-06-01.
Jump up ^ goytm.ca
Jump up ^ "DC-3 CF-CPY: The World's Largest Weather Vane - ExploreNorth". ExploreNorth. Retrieved 2010-02-13.
Jump up ^ "Quebec bans 'weathervane' insult". Metro. 2007-10-17. Retrieved 2010-02-13.
Further reading[edit]
Bishop, Robert; Coblentz, Patricia (1981), A Gallery of American Weather Vanes and Whirligigs, New York: Dutton, p. 127, ISBN 9780525931515
Burnell, Marcia (1991), Heritage above: a tribute to Maine's tradition of weather vanes, Camden, ME: Down East Books, p. 84, ISBN 9780892722785
Crépeau, Pierre; Portelance, Pauline (1990), Pointing at the wind : the weather-vane collection of the Canadian Museum of Civilization, Hull, Quebec: Canadian Museum of Civilization, p. 84, ISBN 9780660129044
Kaye, Myrna (1975), Yankee weathervanes, New York: Dutton, p. 236, ISBN 9780525238591
Klamkin, Charles (1973), Weather Vanes: The history, design and manufacture of an American folk art, New York: Hawthorn Books, p. 209, OCLC 756017
Lane Arts Council (Or.) (1994), Whirligigs & weathervanes, Eugene, OR: Visual Arts Resources, p. 54, OCLC 33052846
Lynch, Kenneth; Crowell, Andrew Durkee (1971), Weathervanes, Architectural Handbook series, Canterbury, CN: Canterbury Publishing Company, p. 95, OCLC 1945107
Messent, Claude John Wilson (1937), The weather vanes of Norfolk & Norwich, Norwich: Fletcher & Son Limited, p. 127, OCLC 5318669
Miller, Steve (1984), The art of the weathervane, Exton, PA: Schiffer Pub., p. 160, ISBN 9780887400056
Mockridge, Patricia; Mockridge, Philip (1990), Weather vanes of Great Britain, London: Hale, p. 256, ISBN 9780709037224
Needham, Albert (1953), English weather vanes, their stories and legends from medieval to modern times, Haywards Heath, Sussex: C. Clarke, p. 102, OCLC 1472757
Nesbitt, Ilse Buchert; Nesbitt, Alexander (1970), Weathercocks and weathercreatures; some examples of early American folk art from the collection of the Shelburne Museum, Vermont., Newport, RI: Third & Elm Press, OCLC 155708
Reaveley, Mabel E.; Kunhardt, Priscilla (1984), Weathervane secrets, Dublin, NH: W.L. Bauhan, p. 71, ISBN 9780872330757
Westervelt, A. B.; Westervelt, W. T. (1982), American Antique Weather Vanes: The Complete Illustrated Westervelt Catalog of 1883, New York: Dover, p. 100, ISBN 9780486243962
External links[edit]
Media related to Weather vane at Wikimedia Commons
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