text:
Spring training
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
A 1994 Grapefruit League game at the LA Dodgers' former camp in Vero Beach, Florida
In Major League Baseball (MLB), spring training is a series of practices and exhibition games preceding the start of the regular season. Spring training allows new players to try out for roster and position spots, and gives existing players practice time prior to competitive play. Spring training has always attracted fan attention, drawing crowds who travel to the warmer climates to enjoy the weather and watch their favorite teams play, and spring training usually coincides with spring break for many US college students.
Spring training typically starts in mid-February and continues until just before Opening Day of the regular season, traditionally the first week of April. In some years, teams not scheduled to play on Opening Day will play spring training games that day. Pitchers and catchers report to spring training first because pitchers benefit from a longer training period. A few days later, position players arrive and team practice begins.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Spring training locations by team
2.1 Grapefruit League
2.2 Cactus League
3 Statistics
4 Extended spring training
5 References
6 Further reading
7 External links
History[edit]
A 2007 Cactus League game between the Cubs and the White Sox at HoHoKam Park.
Spring training by major league teams in sites other than their regular season game sites first became popular in the 1890s and by 1910 was in wide use. Hot Springs, Arkansas has been called the original "birthplace" of Spring Training baseball. The location of Hot Springs and the concept of getting the players ready for the upcoming season was the brainchild of Chicago White Stockings (today's Chicago Cubs) team President Albert Spalding and Cap Anson. In 1886, the White Stockings traveled to Hot Springs to prepare for the upcoming season.[1][2] Practicing at the Hot Springs Baseball Grounds, the White Stockings had a successful season and other teams took notice and began holding spring training in Hot Springs.[2] The Cleveland Spiders, Detroit Tigers, Pittsburgh Pirates, Cincinnati Reds, Brooklyn Dodgers and Boston Red Sox followed the White Stockings to Hot Springs. Whittington Park/Ban Johnson Park (1894), Majestic Park (1909) and Fogel Field (1912) were all built in Hot Springs to host Major League teams.[3][4]
1885 Chicago White Stockings (known today as the Chicago Cubs) Top Row: George Gore, Silver Flint, Cap Anson, Jim McCormick, Mike 'King' Kelly, Fred Pfeffer; Bottom Row: Jimmy Ryan, Ned Williamson, Abner Dalrymple, Tom Burns, Jim Clarkson, Billy Sunday
Famously, a young pitcher named Babe Ruth of the Boston Red Sox was playing an emergency game at first base on St. Patrick's Day, 1918, his first time playing the field. Ruth would hit two home runs that day in Hot Springs, and the second was a 573-foot shot that landed across the street from Whittington Park in a pond of the Arkansas Alligator Farm and Petting Zoo. Soon he was playing the field more often.[5][6][7] Over 130 Major League Baseball Hall of Famers, including such names as Ruth, Cy Young, Cap Anson, Honus Wagner, Ty Cobb, Tris Speaker, Walter Johnson, Rogers Hornsby, Mel Ott and Jimmie Foxx were involved in Hot Springs Spring Training games.[8] The First Boys of Spring is a 2015 documentary about Hot Springs Spring Training. The film was narrated by area native, actor Billy Bob Thornton, and produced by filmmaker Larry Foley.[9][10][11] The documentary began airing nationally on the MLB Network in February, 2016.[12]
Babe Ruth hit a 573-foot home run in spring training, 1918. He led the league with 11 home runs and had a 13-7 record as the Red Sox won the 1918 World Series
Early training sites include the St. Louis Cardinals in Hot Springs, Arkansas, and Tulsa, Oklahoma; the New York Yankees in New Orleans and later Phoenix, Arizona, when the team was owned by Del Webb; the Chicago Cubs in Los Angeles when owned by William Wrigley Jr.; the St. Louis Browns and later the Kansas City Athletics in San Diego then in West Palm Beach, Florida; the Pittsburgh Pirates in Honolulu and other teams joined in by the early 1940s. The Detroit Tigers are credited with being the first team to conduct spring training camp in Arizona. They trained in Phoenix at Riverside Park at Central Avenue and the Salt River in 1929.[13]
The Philadelphia Phillies were the first of the current major-league teams to train in Florida, when they spent two weeks in Jacksonville, Florida in 1889.[14] Spring training in Florida began in earnest in 1913, when the Chicago Cubs played in Tampa, and the Cleveland Indians in Pensacola. One year later, two other teams moved to Florida for spring training, the real start of the Grapefruit League. Except for a couple of years during World War II, when travel restrictions prevented teams training south of the Potomac and Ohio rivers, Florida hosted more than half of the spring training teams through 2009. Since 2010, major league teams have been equally divided during spring training, with 15 teams in Florida and 15 teams in Arizona.[15] All but six of the major league teams have gone to spring training in Florida at one time or another. Many of the most famous players in baseball history (Ruth, Gehrig, Musial, Cobb, Mays, DiMaggio, Berra, Mantle, and many more) have called Florida home for 4–6 weeks every spring.[16]
According to the autobiography of former Cleveland Indians owner Bill Veeck, the avoidance of racism was one reason the Cactus League was established.[17] In 1947, Veeck was the owner of the minor league Milwaukee Brewers and the team trained in Ocala, Florida. Veeck inadvertently sat in the Black section of the segregated stands and engaged in conversation with a couple of fans. According to Veeck's book, the local law enforcement told Veeck he could not sit in that section, and then called the Ocala mayor when Veeck argued back. The mayor finally backed down when Veeck threatened to take his team elsewhere for spring training and promised to let the country know why.
Main article: Baseball color line
Veeck sold the Brewers in 1945 and retired to his ranch in Tucson, Arizona, but soon purchased the Cleveland Indians in 1946. He decided to buck tradition and train the Indians in Tucson and convinced the New York Giants to give Phoenix a try. Thus the Cactus League was born.[18] Veeck then signed Larry Doby to the Indians. Doby was the second African-American to play MLB in the 20th century, and the first for the American League.[19]
While Florida and Arizona now host all Major League Baseball teams for spring training, this has not always been the case. The Brooklyn Dodgers trained in Havana, Cuba in 1947 and 1949, and in the Dominican Republic in 1948.[20] The New York Yankees also trained in the early 1950s in Cuba and the Dominican Republic. Spring training camps and games were also held in Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and various cities of northern Mexico, sometimes by visiting major league teams in the 1950s and 1960s.
The Braves Spring Training game against the Mets in 2008.
During World War II, most teams held an abbreviated spring training within easy reach of their cities. In order to conserve rail transport during the war, 1943's Spring Training was limited to an area east of the Mississippi River and north of the Ohio River. The Chicago White Sox held camp in French Lick, Indiana; the Washington Senators in College Park, Maryland; and the New York Yankees in Asbury Park, New Jersey.[21]
Before and shortly after big league baseball reached the West Coast, a number of teams trained in the state of California or along the state boundary. The Chicago Cubs trained on Catalina Island in the 1920s, '30s, and '40s. For example, early in their history, the then-California Angels held spring training in Palm Springs, California from 1961 to 1993, the San Diego Padres in Yuma, Arizona from 1969 to 1993, the Oakland Athletics in Las Vegas in the 1970s, and various major league teams had trained in Riverside, San Bernardino, and El Centro near the Mexican border.
Arizona had just eight teams in the Cactus League in 1989, with the other fourteen in Florida.[22]
The concept of spring training is not limited to North America; the Japanese professional baseball leagues' teams adopted spring training and preseason game sites across East Asia such as South Korea, the Philippines, and Taiwan; the Pacific Islands (most notably in Hawaii); and two cities in the United States: Salinas, California and Yuma, Arizona on the Mexican border.
Spring training locations by team[edit]
Further information: List of Major League Baseball spring training ballparks
Generally, teams train in either Florida or Arizona based on their geographic location in the U.S., with eastern teams playing in Florida and western teams training in Arizona; the exceptions being the Cleveland Indians, Cincinnati Reds, Milwaukee Brewers, and the two Chicago-based teams all training in Arizona; and the Houston Astros, Minnesota Twins and St. Louis Cardinals training in Florida. The last west-coast team to train in Florida was the Los Angeles Dodgers, who moved to Arizona in 2009.
In modern training, teams that train in Florida will play other Florida-training teams in their exhibition games, regardless of regular-season league affiliations. Likewise, Arizona-training teams will play other Arizona teams. These have been nicknamed the Grapefruit League and Cactus League, respectively, after plants typical of the respective states.
Spring training teams can play colleges, minor league baseball clubs, intra-squad games (members of the same team play against each other), split-squad games (games when one team is scheduled for two games in one day, so the team splits into two squads and each squad plays in one of the games), and B Games (unofficial Spring Training games where statistics and standings are not counted).[23] In years when the World Baseball Classic occurs, the national teams in the tournament prepare by playing major league teams. The players union will sometimes field a team if many free agents are unsigned by the start of spring training.[24]
Grapefruit League[edit]
Astros, Nationals
Blue Jays
Braves
Cardinals, Marlins
Mets
Orioles
Pirates
Phillies
Rays
Red Sox
Tigers
Twins
Yankees
Current Grapefruit League team locations:
One team
Two teams
The origin of the name "Grapefruit League" has several versions. One popular myth was that Casey Stengel threw a grapefruit at Brooklyn Dodgers manager Wilbert Robinson. The accepted version is that aviator Ruth Law threw the grapefruit. In 1915, Law had been throwing golf balls from her airplane to advertise a golf course. Someone suggested throwing a baseball from her airplane. Robinson, whose team was in the Daytona Beach area for spring training, agreed to try to catch the baseball. Flying 525 feet above Robinson, Law realized she had forgotten her baseball and threw a grapefruit that she had. When Robinson tried to catch it, the grapefruit exploded in his face.[25][26][27]
The list of spring training locations by team in the Grapefruit League in Florida.[28]
Team
Ballpark
City
Atlanta Braves Champion Stadium Lake Buena Vista
Baltimore Orioles Ed Smith Stadium Sarasota
Boston Red Sox JetBlue Park at Fenway South Fort Myers
Detroit Tigers Publix Field at Joker Marchant Stadium Lakeland
Houston Astros FITTEAM Ballpark of the Palm Beaches West Palm Beach
Miami Marlins Roger Dean Stadium Jupiter
Minnesota Twins Hammond Stadium Fort Myers
New York Mets First Data Field Port St. Lucie
New York Yankees George M. Steinbrenner Field Tampa
Philadelphia Phillies Spectrum Field Clearwater
Pittsburgh Pirates LECOM Park Bradenton
St. Louis Cardinals Roger Dean Stadium Jupiter
Tampa Bay Rays Charlotte Sports Park Port Charlotte
Toronto Blue Jays Florida Auto Exchange Stadium Dunedin
Washington Nationals FITTEAM Ballpark of the Palm Beaches West Palm Beach
In January 2017, the Braves announced a formal agreement to move their spring training home to a new park in North Port, Florida starting in 2019.[29]
Cactus League[edit]
Mariners, Padres
Rangers, Royals
Indians, Reds
Brewers
Dodgers, White Sox
Angels
A's
Cubs
D'Backs, Rockies
Giants
Current Cactus League team locations:
(Maricopa County
Unlike the Grapefruit League, teams in the Cactus League often share stadiums; of the 15 teams who train in Arizona, only the Cubs, Angels, Brewers, Giants and A's have their own home stadiums.
The newest stadium built for MLB spring training is Sloan Park, the spring training home for the Chicago Cubs in Mesa, Arizona, which opened in February 2014.
According to the Arizona Republic, the Cactus League generates more than $300 million a year in economic impact to the greater Phoenix metropolitan area economy. The Arizona Republic newspaper reports that more than $500 million has been spent on "building eight new stadiums and renovating two others for the 15 teams in the Valley."[30]
Attendance set a new record at 2011 Cactus League games with 1.59 million attending games at the various stadiums in the Phoenix metro area. Much of the attendance surge is attributed to the Salt River Fields at Talking Stick venue that accounted for 22 percent of the Cactus League attendance.[31]
The list of spring training locations by team in the Cactus League in Arizona.[28]
Team
Ballpark
City
Arizona Diamondbacks Salt River Fields at Talking Stick Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community
Chicago Cubs Sloan Park Mesa
Chicago White Sox Camelback Ranch Glendale
Cincinnati Reds Goodyear Ballpark Goodyear
Cleveland Indians Goodyear Ballpark Goodyear
Colorado Rockies Salt River Fields at Talking Stick Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community
Kansas City Royals Surprise Stadium Surprise
Los Angeles Angels Tempe Diablo Stadium Tempe
Los Angeles Dodgers Camelback Ranch Glendale
Milwaukee Brewers Maryvale Baseball Park Phoenix
Oakland Athletics Hohokam Stadium Mesa
San Diego Padres Peoria Sports Complex Peoria
San Francisco Giants Scottsdale Stadium Scottsdale
Seattle Mariners Peoria Sports Complex Peoria
Texas Rangers Surprise Stadium Surprise
Statistics[edit]
Statistics are recorded during spring training games, but they are not combined with the listed statistics for regular season games, and unusual performances which would have broken records if accomplished during the regular season are considered to be unofficial.
For example, on March 14, 2000, the Red Sox used six pitchers to achieve a 5–0 perfect game victory over the Toronto Blue Jays. A perfect game is considered a crowning accomplishment during the regular season or postseason, but in spring training it attracts little notice. Starting pitcher Pedro Martínez, who lost a perfect game in extra innings in 1995 while pitching for the former Montreal Expos, was talking to reporters at the conclusion of the game, rather than watching the final pitches. Reliever Rod Beck, who finished the game, did not realize the nature of his accomplishment until informed by catcher Joe Sidall. Many fans also left before the game's conclusion.[32]
Although spring training statistics are unofficial, teams frequently use players' spring training performances as a way of assigning starting roles and roster spots on the club.
Extended spring training[edit]
An extended spring training game between the Red Sox and Orioles in Sarasota, Florida during the 2008 season.
Minor league players participate in spring training following a telescoped schedule that generally lasts from March 1–31. At its conclusion, most players are assigned to full-season Class A, AA, or AAA farm team rosters to begin the regular minor league season. However, those players deemed unready for a full-season campaign—through inexperience or injury—are assigned to "extended spring training", a structured program of workouts, rehabilitation sessions, simulated games, and exhibition games based in the major league parent team's minor league training complex. If a player is deemed ready to participate in full-season league action, he is promoted to an appropriate-level farm club. When the "short season" Class A and rookie leagues begin play in late June, extended spring training players are assigned to those rosters, placed on the disabled list, or released.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "arlington hotel, oaklawn, gangster museum, hot springs baseball trail, historical landmarks - Hot Springs, Arkansas".
^ Jump up to: a b "Major League Spring Training in Hot Springs - Encyclopedia of Arkansas".
Jump up ^ "Ban Johnson Park-Whittington Park/Majestic Park/Fogel Field - Hot Springs Arkansas - Major League Spring Training grounds".
Jump up ^ "Untold Stories".
Jump up ^ "From a Fan: Rare Photos of Babe Ruth in Hot Springs Babe Ruth Central: Babe Ruth, Babe Ruth Photos, Babe Ruth Statistics, Babe Ruth Biography".
Jump up ^ Budd Bailey. "Road Trips!".
Jump up ^ "Bill Jenkinson".
Jump up ^ "Historic Baseball Trail Documenting Hot Springs as Birthplace of Spring Baseball Will Open on March 29; 45 Percent of Hall of Fame, Other Legendary Players Included". Yahoo Finance. 26 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "Boys of Spring - Arkansas Life".
Jump up ^ "Home".
Jump up ^ "Larry Foley". Larry Foley.
Jump up ^ "MLB Network to air 'First Boys of Spring' doc". Major League Baseball.
Jump up ^ The Arizona Republic: "Cactus League: Then and Now." Source: Rodney Johson, the Society for American Baseball Research. March 6, 2011.
Jump up ^ Philadelphia Inquirer, March 1889; SABR Spring Training Database, http://sabr.org/content/spring-training-database (restricted access), Retrieved January 25, 2012.
Jump up ^ Johnson, Rodney (2012). "From Dust to Diamonds: The Evolution of the Cactus League". CactusLeague.com. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
Jump up ^ Arsenault, Raymond. "Spring Training Baseball in Florida – Our Roots Run Deep". Retrieved May 16, 2011.
Jump up ^ Veeck, Bill and Linn, Edward (2001). Veeck as in Wreck: The Autobiography of Bill Veeck. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-671-67540-0. pgs. 171–172.
Jump up ^ "Buckhorn Baths: A unique Mesa landmark".
Jump up ^ "Larry Doby" Retrieved 2010-03-20.
Jump up ^ Echevarría, Roberto González (1988). "The '47 Dodgers on Havana: Baseball at a Crossroads". Spring Training. Vanguard Publications. Retrieved January 10, 2007.
Jump up ^ Suehsdorf, A. D. (1978). The Great American Baseball Scrapbook, p. 103. Random House. ISBN 0-394-50253-1.
Jump up ^ Clarke, Ric (March 9, 1989). "Florida lobbies for Cactus League teams". Spokesman-Review. (Spokane, Washington). Cox News Service. p. D5.
Jump up ^ "Thomas debuts in B game". Retrieved March 8, 2008.
Jump up ^ Associated Press (8 February 2018). "Players Union Will Host Spring Training Camp for Free Agents". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
Jump up ^ Gardner, Dakota (March 13, 2014). "The amazing story of 'Uncle Robbie' Robinson's plane-assisted grapefruit catch". mlb.com.
Jump up ^ "Wilbert Robinson". National Baseball Hall of Fame.
Jump up ^ Semchuck, Alex. "Wilbert Robinson". Society for American Baseball Research.
^ Jump up to: a b "Spring Training Official Website". MLB. Retrieved March 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ Murdock, Zack (January 17, 2017). "Atlanta Braves pick Sarasota County for spring training". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Arizona Diamondbacks, Colorado Rockies break in new park".
Jump up ^ The Arizona Republic. "A successful spring: New venue helps Cactus League set attendance mark." Peter Corbett. March 30, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Martinez, 5 relievers pitch perfect game", Jimmy Golen, the Associated Press, published March 15, 2000, Retrieved February 22, 2007.
Further reading[edit]
Milani, Jerry (October 19, 2011). "Hot Springs Historic Baseball Trail Features Hall Of Famers". Baseball Digest. Retrieved October 21, 2011.
Sanchez, Jesse (January 10, 2010). "Cactus League expands from humble roots". MLB. Retrieved January 9, 2010.
External links[edit]
Baseball portal
Spring Training on MLB.com official website
Grapefruit League official website
Cactus League official website
Spring Training Magazine Information
Spring Training Tips – A guide to enjoying everything about Spring Training
Cactus League History and Exhibition
Cactus League Schedules, Stadium Info and Travel Info From Arizona Tourism
[show]
v
t
e
Baseball concepts
Outline, Glossary
Rules
Rules of baseball
Ground rules
Infield fly rule
Interference
Pitch clock
Field
Backstop
Baseball diamond
Batter's box
Batter's eye
Bullpen
Dugout
Foul pole
Foul territory
Infield
On-deck circle
Outfield
Warning track
Equipment
Ball
Bat
Batting cage
Batting glove
Batting helmet
Cap
Doughnut
Glove (defense)
Pitching machine
Protective cup
Shin guard
Stirrups
Uniform
Uniform number
Game process
Batting order
Extra innings
Innings
On-deck
Out
Positions
Run
Seventh-inning stretch
Pace of play
Batting
At bat
Baltimore chop
Bat flip
Chinese home run
Batting count
Bunt
Checked swing
Cleanup hitter
Designated hitter
Double
Double switch
Foul ball
Foul tip
Golden sombrero
Grand slam
Ground rule double
Hat trick
Hit
Hit and run
Hit by pitch
Hitting for the cycle
Home run
Infield hit
Inside-the-park home run
Leadoff hitter
Lefty-righty switch
Line drive
Moonshot
Plate appearance
Platoon system
Pull hitter
Sacrifice bunt
Sacrifice fly
Single
Slap bunt
Strikeout
Strike zone
Sweet spot
Switch hitter
Triple
Walk
Walk-off home run
Pitching
Balk
Beanball
Breaking ball
Brushback pitch
Changeup
Curveball
Eephus
Fastball
Full count
Immaculate inning
Inside pitching
Intentional walk
Knuckleball
No-hitter
Passed ball
Perfect game
Pitch count
Pitchout
Quick pitch
Screwball
Shutout
Slider
Spitball
Strikeout
Striking out the side
Time of pitch
Wild pitch
Base running
Balk
Bases loaded
Caught stealing
Contact play
Hit and run
Left on base
Obstruction
Safe
Scoring position
Slide
Small ball
Squeeze play
Stolen base
Tag up
Fielding
(positioning)
Appeal play
Assist
Blocking the plate
Catch
Defensive indifference
Double play
Error
Fielder's choice
Fifth infielder
Force play
Fourth out
Hidden ball trick
In-between hop
Infield fly rule
Infield shift
Interference
Pickoff
Putout
Rundown
Tag out
Triple play
unassisted
Uncaught third strike
Wall climb
Wheel play
Miscellaneous
Baseball statistics
Bench jockey
Bench-clearing brawl
Dead ball
Jargon
In flight
Pepper
Scorekeeping
Series
Shagging
Slump
Streak (losing)
Streak (winning)
Category
Portal
WikiProject
[show]
v
t
e
Major League Baseball (2018)
American League
East
Baltimore Orioles
Boston Red Sox
New York Yankees
Tampa Bay Rays
Toronto Blue Jays
Central
Chicago White Sox
Cleveland Indians
Detroit Tigers
Kansas City Royals
Minnesota Twins
West
Houston Astros
Los Angeles Angels
Oakland Athletics
Seattle Mariners
Texas Rangers
National League
East
Atlanta Braves
Miami Marlins
New York Mets
Philadelphia Phillies
Washington Nationals
Central
Chicago Cubs
Cincinnati Reds
Milwaukee Brewers
Pittsburgh Pirates
St. Louis Cardinals
West
Arizona Diamondbacks
Colorado Rockies
Los Angeles Dodgers
San Diego Padres
San Francisco Giants
Schedule
Spring training
Opening Day
Jackie Robinson Day
Civil Rights Game
All-Star Game
Interleague play
International games
World Baseball Classic
Postseason
World Series
Champions
NL
NL Champions
NLCS
NLDS
AL
AL Champions
ALCS
ALDS
Wild Card Game
Appearances
Streaks
Droughts
Series
Business
Draft
Rule 5
Players Association
Highest paid players
Luxury tax
Lockouts/strikes
Winter Meetings
Hot stove league
Transactions
Media
Logo
Radio
Television
MLB.com
MLB Advanced Media
Minor League Baseball
Authentication Program
Miscellaneous
Instant replay
Team uniforms
Stadiums
Mascots
Rivalries
History
History
AL
Seasons
Tie-breakers
Tie-breaking procedures
Records
Awards
Retired numbers
Hall of Fame
Steroid usage
Drug policy
suspensions
Mitchell Report
Juiced
Vindicated
Biogenesis baseball scandal
BALCO scandal
Game of Shadows
Barry Bonds perjury case
Timeline
Timeline of Major League Baseball
History of team nicknames
Dead-ball era
Live-ball era
Golden age of baseball
Defunct and relocated teams
Relocation of the 1950s–60s
Expansion
1961
1962
1969
1977
1993
1998
Commissioner: Rob Manfred
League Presidents
NL
AL
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spring_training&oldid=837544894"
Categories:
Major League Baseball spring training
Cactus League
Grapefruit League
Annual sporting events in the United States
Annual events in Arizona
Annual events in Florida
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Deutsch
Français
한국어
日本語
Edit links
This page was last edited on 21 April 2018, at 14:21.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

value: mw-page-base noprint

value: mw-head-base noprint

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attr: href class title

attr: class style

tag: b

value:
/wiki/Regular_season
mw-redirect
Regular season

tag: p

value:
/wiki/HoHoKam_Park
mw-redirect
HoHoKam Park

value:
/wiki/Brooklyn_Dodgers
mw-redirect
Brooklyn Dodgers

value:
/wiki/Kansas_City_Athletics
mw-redirect
Kansas City Athletics

value:
/wiki/Grapefruit_League
mw-redirect
Grapefruit League

value:
/wiki/Cactus_League
mw-redirect
Cactus League

value: Milwaukee Brewers (minor league baseball team)

value: History of the Washington Senators (1901–60)

value:
/wiki/Santa_Catalina_Island,_California
mw-redirect
Santa Catalina Island, California

value:
/wiki/California_Angels
mw-redirect
California Angels

value:
/wiki/Japanese_baseball
mw-redirect
Japanese baseball

value: Edit section: Spring training locations by team

value:
/wiki/File:USA_Florida_location_map.svg
image
Spring training is located in Florida

attr: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value: display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #D12A2A; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;

value: -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column

value: display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #3265CB; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;

value:
/wiki/Daytona_Beach
mw-redirect
Daytona Beach

value:
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

value:
/wiki/Florida_Auto_Exchange_Stadium
mw-redirect
Florida Auto Exchange Stadium

value: Spring training is located in Maricopa County, Arizona

value:
/wiki/San_Deigo_Padres
mw-redirect
San Deigo Padres

value: File:Shereth Maricopa Test Generated.svg

value:
/wiki/Maricopa_County
mw-redirect
Maricopa County

value:
/wiki/Arizona_Republic
mw-redirect
Arizona Republic

value: Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community

value:
/wiki/Minor_league_baseball
mw-redirect
Minor league baseball

value:
/wiki/Short_season
mw-redirect
Short season

value:
nofollow
http://arkansaslife.com/boys-of-spring/
external text

value:
nofollow
external text
http://thefirstboysofspring.weebly.com

value:
nofollow
http://larryfoley.weebly.com/
external text

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.usca.edu/aasc/doby.htm

value:
nofollow
external text
http://sabr.org/bioproj/person/5536caf5

value: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

value: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

value: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

value:
nofollow
external text
http://mlb.com/springtraining

value:
nofollow
http://www.floridagrapefruitleague.com/
external text

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.cactusleague.com/index.php

value:
nofollow
http://www.springtrainingmagazine.com/
external text

value:
nofollow
http://www.springtrainingtips.com/
external text

value:
nofollow
http://www.playballexperience.com/
external text

value:
nofollow
http://cactusleague.arizonatourism.com/
external text

value:
/wiki/Backstop_(baseball)
mw-redirect
Backstop (baseball)

value:
/wiki/Batter%27s_box
mw-redirect
Batter's box

value:
/wiki/Foul_territory
mw-redirect
Foul territory

value:
/wiki/Baltimore_chop
mw-redirect
Baltimore chop

value:
/wiki/Immaculate_inning
mw-redirect
Immaculate inning

value:
/wiki/Quick_pitch
mw-redirect
Quick pitch

value:
/wiki/Bases_loaded
mw-redirect
Bases loaded

value:
/wiki/Left_on_base
mw-redirect
Left on base

value:
/wiki/Defensive_indifference
mw-redirect
Defensive indifference

value:
/wiki/Bench_jockey
mw-redirect
Bench jockey

value:
/wiki/Losing_streak_(sports)#Baseball
mw-redirect
Losing streak (sports)

value: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value:
row
navbox-group
width:1%;background-color: #FFA7A7;

value:
row
navbox-group
width:1%;background-color: #B7D0FF;

value: List of Major League Baseball games played outside North America

value: List of Major League Baseball postseason teams

value: List of Major League Baseball franchise postseason streaks

value: List of Major League Baseball franchise postseason droughts

value: List of Major League Baseball postseason series

value: Major League Baseball Players Association

value: List of highest paid Major League Baseball players

value: Major League Baseball Authentication Program

value: List of current Major League Baseball stadiums

value: History of baseball in the United States

value: List of Major League Baseball tie-breakers

value: Major League Baseball tie-breaking procedures

value: List of Major League Baseball record holders

value: List of Major League Baseball retired numbers

value: National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum

value: List of Major League Baseball players suspended for performance-enhancing drugs

value: Juiced: Wild Times, Rampant 'Roids, Smash Hits & How Baseball Got Big

value: List of defunct and relocated Major League Baseball teams

value: Major League Baseball relocation of 1950s–60s

value: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value: Category:Major League Baseball spring training

value: Category:Annual sporting events in the United States

value:
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
interface

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value:
/wiki/Spring_training
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

value: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

value: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

value: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

value: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

value: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

value: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

value: Permanent link to this revision of the page

value: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

value: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

value: 스프링 트레이닝 – Korean

value: スプリングトレーニング – Japanese

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Spring_training rootpage-Spring_training skin-vector action-view


text:
Chicago Tylenol murders
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Chicago Tylenol Killings
Location
Chicago metropolitan area, United States
Date
September 29/30, 1982
Target
Tylenol consumers
Attack type
Poisoning, mass murder
Weapons
Cyanide poison
Deaths
7
Perpetrator
Unknown
Motive
Unknown
The Chicago Tylenol murders were a series of poisoning deaths resulting from drug tampering in the Chicago metropolitan area in 1982. The victims had all taken Tylenol-branded acetaminophen capsules that had been laced with potassium cyanide.[1] A total of seven people died in the original poisonings, with several more deaths in subsequent copycat crimes.
These incidents led to reforms in the packaging of over-the-counter substances and to federal anti-tampering laws. The actions of Johnson & Johnson to reduce deaths and warn the public of poisoning risks have been widely praised as an exemplary public relations response to such a crisis.[2]
No suspect was ever charged or convicted of the poisonings. New York City resident James William Lewis was considered the prime suspect, and was convicted of extortion for sending a letter to Johnson & Johnson that took credit for the deaths and demanded $1 million to stop them.
Contents
[hide]
1 Incidents
2 Investigations
2.1 Suspects
2.2 Ongoing investigations
3 Aftermath
3.1 Copycats
3.2 Johnson & Johnson response
3.3 Pharmaceutical changes
4 References
5 Further reading
6 External links
Incidents[edit]
On the morning of September 29, 1982, twelve-year-old Mary Kellerman of Elk Grove Village, Illinois, died after taking a capsule of Extra-Strength Tylenol.[3] Elsewhere in the Chicago area, Adam Janus of Arlington Heights, Illinois, died in hospital later that day, for unknown reasons at first—which would later be discovered as including the ingestion of Tylenol. Shortly thereafter, Adam Janus' brother, Stanley, and sister-in-law, Theresa, of Lisle, Illinois, also died sometime after gathering to mourn his death. Investigations later revealed they had also consumed pills from the same Tylenol bottle.[3] In the coming days, Mary McFarland of Elmhurst, Illinois, Paula Prince of Chicago, and Mary Reiner of Winfield also died in similar incidents.[4][5] Subsequent investigations by police soon discovered a common denominator: all the victims had recently taken Tylenol. Tylenol samples from each case were examined, and discovered to have been tainted with cyanide. Having now determined the cause of death, police issued urgent warnings via the media, and also sent patrols through the greater Chicago metropolitan area and suburbs issuing warnings over loudspeakers to discontinue use of all Tylenol products.
Police, knowing that various sources of Tylenol were tampered with, ruled out manufacturers, as the tampered-with bottles came from different pharmaceutical companies—and the seven deaths had all occurred in the Chicago area, so sabotage during production, was ruled out. Instead, police concluded that they were likely looking for a culprit who was believed to have acquired bottles of Tylenol from various retail outlets.[3] Furthermore, they concluded the source was most likely supermarkets and drug stores, over a period of several weeks, with the culprit likely adding the cyanide to the capsules, then methodically returning to the stores to place the bottles back on the shelves. In addition to the five bottles that led to the victims' deaths, three other tampered-with bottles were later discovered.
In a concerted effort to reassure the public, Johnson & Johnson distributed warnings to hospitals and distributors and halted Tylenol production and advertising. On October 5, 1982, it issued a nationwide recall of Tylenol products; an estimated 31 million bottles were in circulation, with a retail value of over US $100 million.[6] The company also advertised in the national media for individuals not to consume any of its products that contained acetaminophen after it was determined that only these capsules had been tampered with. Johnson & Johnson offered to exchange all Tylenol capsules already purchased by the public for solid tablets.
Investigations[edit]
Suspects[edit]
During the initial investigations, a man named James William Lewis sent a letter to Johnson & Johnson demanding $1 million to stop the cyanide-induced murders. Police were unable to link him with the crimes, as he and his wife were living in New York City at the time. He was convicted of extortion, served 13 years of a 20-year sentence, and was released in 1995 on parole. WCVB Channel 5 of Boston reported that court documents, released in early 2009, "show Department of Justice investigators concluded Lewis was responsible for the poisonings, despite the fact that they did not have enough evidence to charge him". Lewis has consistently denied all responsibility for the poisonings for several years.[7][8]
A second man, Roger Arnold, was investigated and cleared of the killings. He had a nervous breakdown due to the media attention, which he blamed on Marty Sinclair, a bar owner. In the summer of 1983, Arnold shot and killed John Stanisha, whom he mistook for Sinclair. Stanisha was an unrelated man who did not know Arnold.[9] Arnold was convicted in January 1984 and served 15 years of a 30-year sentence for second-degree murder. He died in June 2008.
In early 1983, at the FBI's request, Chicago Tribune columnist Bob Greene published the address and grave location of the first and youngest victim, Mary Kellerman. The story – written with the Kellerman family's consent – was proposed by FBI criminal analyst John Douglas on the theory that the perpetrator might visit the house or gravesite if he were made aware of their locations. Both sites were kept under 24-hour surveillance for several months, but the killer did not surface.[10]
Laurie Dann, who poisoned and shot people in a May 1988 rampage in and around Winnetka, Illinois, was briefly considered as a suspect, but no direct connection was found.[11]
Ongoing investigations[edit]
In early January 2009, Illinois authorities renewed the investigation. Federal agents searched the home of James Lewis in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and seized a number of items.[12] In Chicago, an FBI spokesman declined to comment but said "we'll have something to release later possibly".[13] Law enforcement officials have received a number of tips related to the case coinciding with its anniversary. In a written statement,[14] the FBI explained,
This review was prompted, in part, by the recent 25th anniversary of this crime and the resulting publicity. Further, given the many recent advances in forensic technology, it was only natural that a second look be taken at the case and recovered evidence.
In January 2010, both Lewis and his wife submitted DNA samples and fingerprints to authorities.[8] Lewis stated "if the FBI plays it fair, I have nothing to worry about".[8]
On May 19, 2011, the FBI requested DNA samples from "Unabomber" Ted Kaczynski in connection to the Tylenol murders. Kaczynski denied having ever possessed potassium cyanide.[15] The first four Unabomber crimes happened in Chicago and its suburbs from 1978 to 1980, and Kaczynski's parents had a suburban Chicago home in Lombard, Illinois, in 1982, where he stayed occasionally.[16]
In 2011, Scott Bartz, a Johnson & Johnson whistle-blower and former employee, claimed the poisoned Tylenol had actually been tampered with somewhere along the repackaging and distribution links in Tylenol’s supply chain, rather than at retail locations.[17]
Aftermath[edit]
Copycats[edit]
Hundreds of copycat attacks involving Tylenol, other over-the-counter medications, and other products also took place around the United States immediately following the Chicago deaths.[3][18]
Three more deaths occurred in 1986 from tampered gelatin capsules.[19] A woman died in Yonkers, New York, after ingesting "Extra-Strength Tylenol capsules laced with cyanide".[20] Excedrin capsules in Washington state were tampered with, resulting in the deaths of Susan Snow and Bruce Nickell from cyanide poisoning and the eventual arrest and conviction of Nickell's wife, Stella, of crimes connected to both deaths[21] That same year, Procter & Gamble's Encaprin was recalled after a spiking hoax in Chicago and Detroit that resulted in a precipitous sales drop and a withdrawal of the pain reliever from the market.[22]
Johnson & Johnson response[edit]
Johnson & Johnson received positive coverage for its handling of the crisis; for example, an article in The Washington Post said, "Johnson & Johnson has effectively demonstrated how a major business ought to handle a disaster". The article further stated that "this is no Three Mile Island accident in which the company's response did more damage than the original incident", and applauded the company for being honest with the public.[23] In addition to issuing the recall, the company established relations with the Chicago Police Department, the FBI, and the Food and Drug Administration. This way it could have a part in searching for the person who laced the capsules and they could help prevent further tamperings.[24] While at the time of the scare the company's market share collapsed from thirty-five percent to eight percent, it rebounded in less than a year, a move credited to the company's prompt and aggressive reaction. In November, it reintroduced capsules but in a new, triple-sealed package, coupled with heavy price promotions and within several years, Tylenol had the highest market share for the over-the-counter analgesic in the U.S.[25]
Pharmaceutical changes[edit]
The 1982 incident inspired the pharmaceutical, food, and consumer product industries to develop tamper-resistant packaging, such as induction seals and improved quality control methods. Moreover, product tampering was made a federal crime.[26] The new laws resulted in Stella Nickell's conviction in the Excedrin tampering case, for which she was sentenced to ninety years in prison.[21]
Additionally, the incident prompted the pharmaceutical industry to move away from capsules, which were easy to contaminate as a foreign substance could be placed inside without obvious signs of tampering. Within the year, the FDA introduced more stringent regulations to avoid product tampering. This led to the eventual replacement of the capsule with the solid "caplet", a tablet made in the shape of a capsule, as a drug delivery form and with the addition of tamper-evident safety-seals to bottles of many sorts.[3]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Douglas, John E.; Olshaker, Mark (1999). The Anatomy of Motive – The FBI's Legendary Mindhunter Explores the Key to Understanding and Catching Violent Criminals. New York City: Scribner. pp. 103–104. ISBN 0-684-84598-9. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ "5 Crisis Management Truths from the Tylenol Murders". 4 October 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Markel, Howard (September 29, 2014). "How the Tylenol murders of 1982 changed the way we consume medication". PBS NewsHour. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ Douglas, 106.
Jump up ^ Bell, Rachael. "The Tylenol Terrorist". Crime Library. truTV.
Jump up ^ Emsley, John. Molecules of Murder: Criminal Molecular and Classic Cases. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2008, p. 174.
Jump up ^ "Feds Convinced Lewis Was Tylenol Killer". WCVB-TV. February 12, 2009. Archived from the original on October 30, 2011. Retrieved May 12, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c Lavoie, Denise (January 11, 2010). "Friend: Tylenol Suspect Submits DNA, Fingerprints". Associated Press (via ABC News). Retrieved November 29, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Tylenol Figure Is Convicted". Associated Press (via The New York Times). January 15, 1984.
Jump up ^ Greene, B. American Beat. Penguin Books (1984), pp. 344–50. ISBN 0140073205
Jump up ^ "Tragedy in Winnetka: The Answers Are Few". Milwaukee Sentinel. May 25, 1988. Retrieved December 30, 2009.
Jump up ^ Saltzman, Jonathan (February 5, 2009), "Fatal Tampering Case Is Renewed", The Boston Globe
Jump up ^ "FBI Searches Home of Man Linked to Tylenol Deaths". Associated Press (via Fox News). February 4, 2009. Retrieved March 7, 2010.
Jump up ^ Fifis, Fran (February 5, 2009). "Law Enforcement To Review Tylenol Murders". CNN. Retrieved March 7, 2010.
Jump up ^ Woolner, Ann (May 19, 2011). "FBI Wants Unabomber's DNA for 1982 Tylenol Poisoning Probe". Bloomberg News. Retrieved May 19, 2011.
Jump up ^ "FBI wants to test Unabomber DNA in Tylenol killings".
Jump up ^ Bergmann, Joy. "The Tylenol Mafia".
Jump up ^ Fletcher, Dan (February 9, 2009). "A Brief History of the Tylenol Poisonings". TIME. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
Jump up ^ Food and Drug Administration, United States Department of Health and Human Services (November 4, 1998). "Tamper-Evident Packaging Requirements for Over-the-Counter Human Drug Products (Final Rule)". Federal Register. 63 (213): 59463–59471. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
Jump up ^ Norman, Michael (February 14, 1986). "2D TAINTED BOTTLE OF TYLENOL FOUND BY INVESTIGATORS". The New York Times. p. B2. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Tibbits, George. "Woman Guilty of Killing 2 in Poisoned Excedrin Case". The Boston Globe – via HighBeam Research (subscription required). Seattle, Washington. Retrieved May 10, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Retired Drugs: Failed Blockbusters, Homicidal Tampering, Fatal Oversights". Wired.com. October 1, 2008.
Jump up ^ Jerry Knight (October 11, 1982). "Tylenol's Maker Shows How to Respond to Crisis". The Washington Post. p. WB1.
Jump up ^ Kaplan, Tamara. "The Tylenol Crisis: How Effective Public Relations Saved Johnson & Johnson". The Pennsylvania State University. Retrieved February 12, 2010.
Jump up ^ N. R. Kleinfield. "Tylenol's Rapid Comeback". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ "§ 1365. Tampering with consumer products" (PDF). TITLE 18—CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE. United States Government Printing Office. pp. 343–345. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
Further reading[edit]
Bergmann, Joy (November 2, 2000). "A Bitter Pill – Someone Killed Seven People by Putting Cyanide in Tylenol Capsules – When James Lewis Was Caught for Writing an Extortion Letter, Prosecutors Appeared To Stop Looking for the Killer – Almost 20 Years Later No One Has Been Convicted of the Murders". Chicago Reader. Retrieved May 19, 2011.
Mikkelson, Barbara & David P. "Tylenol Murders" at Snopes.com: Urban Legends Reference Pages.
Wolnik, Karen A.; Fricke, Fred L.; Bonnin, Evelyn; Gaston, Cynthia M.; Satzger, R. Duane (March 1984). "The Tylenol Tampering Incident – Tracing the Source". Analytical Chemistry. 56 (3): 466A–470A, 474A. doi:10.1021/ac00267a003. PMID 6711821.
External links[edit]
Professionalism/Johnson & Johnson's Response to the 1982 Tylenol Poisonings at Wikibooks
Chicago portal
Illinois portal
Criminal justice portal
Pharmacy and Pharmacology portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicago_Tylenol_murders&oldid=822295218"
Categories:
1982 in Illinois
1982 murders in the United States
Adulteration
Crimes in Chicago
Drug safety
Health disasters in the United States
Johnson & Johnson
Mass murder in 1982
Mass poisoning
Murder in Illinois
Product recalls
Unsolved murders in the United States
September 1982 events
Hidden categories:
CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list
Subscription required using via
Pages containing links to subscription-only content
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
한국어
Bahasa Indonesia
Русский
Simple English
ไทย
Edit links
This page was last edited on 25 January 2018, at 15:24.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

tag: div

attr: id class

value: mw-page-base noprint

key: html

type: local

value: mw-head-base noprint

tag: a

attr: id class lang

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

tag: th

attr: colspan class style

tag: tr

attr: href title

tag: td

value:
/wiki/Over-the-counter_substance
mw-redirect
Over-the-counter substance

value:
/wiki/Nervous_breakdown
mw-redirect
Nervous breakdown

value:
/wiki/Second-degree_murder
mw-redirect
Second-degree murder

value: Edit section: Johnson & Johnson response

value:
/wiki/Tamper-resistant_packaging
mw-redirect
Tamper-resistant packaging

value:
/wiki/Induction_seal
mw-redirect
Induction seal

value: Category:CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list

value: font-size:0.95em; font-size: 90%; color: #555

value: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

value:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1021%2Fac00267a003

value:
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier
mw-redirect
PubMed Identifier

value:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6711821

attr: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value: wikibooks:Professionalism/Johnson & Johnson's Response to the 1982 Tylenol Poisonings

attr: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value:
/wiki/Portal:Pharmacy_and_Pharmacology
mw-redirect
Portal:Pharmacy and Pharmacology

value:
noprint metadata navbox
navigation
Portals
font-weight:bold;padding:0.4em 2em

value: Category:1982 murders in the United States

value: Category:Health disasters in the United States

value: Category:Unsolved murders in the United States

value: Category:Subscription required using via

value: Category:Pages containing links to subscription-only content

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value:
/wiki/Chicago_Tylenol_murders
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

value: 시카고 타이레놀 살인 사건 – Korean

value: Чикагский отравитель – Russian

value: Chicago Tylenol murders – Simple English

value: การสังหารหมู่ในนครชิคาโกด้วยยาไทลินอล พ.ศ. 2525 – Thai

value: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

value: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

value:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Chicago_Tylenol_murders rootpage-Chicago_Tylenol_murders skin-vector action-view