text:
Ulnar nerve
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Funny bone" redirects here. For the comedy-drama film, see Funny Bones. For the comedy club, see The Funny Bone.
Ulnar nerve
Click image to enlarge - ulnar nerve is visible in lower left
Nerves of the left upper extremity. (Ulnar labeled at center left.)
Details
From
C8, T1 (branch from Medial cord)
Innervates
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum profundus
lumbrical muscles
opponens digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi
abductor digiti minimi
interossei
adductor pollicis
Identifiers
Latin
nervus ulnaris
MeSH
D014459
TA
A14.2.03.040
FMA
37319
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
[edit on Wikidata]
In human anatomy, the ulnar nerve is a nerve that runs near the ulna bone. The ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint is in relation with the ulnar nerve. The nerve is the largest unprotected nerve in the human body (meaning unprotected by muscle or bone), so injury is common. This nerve is directly connected to the little finger, and the adjacent half of the ring finger, innervating the palmar aspect of these fingers, including both front and back of the tips, perhaps as far back as the fingernail beds.
This nerve can cause an electric shock-like sensation by striking the medial epicondyle of the humerus from posteriorly, or inferiorly with the elbow flexed. The ulnar nerve is trapped between the bone and the overlying skin at this point. This is commonly referred to as bumping one's "funny bone". This name is thought to be a pun, based on the sound resemblance between the name of the bone of the upper arm, the "humerus" and the word "humorous".[1] Alternatively, according to the Oxford English Dictionary it may refer to "the peculiar sensation experienced when it is struck".[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Structure
1.1 Arm
1.2 Forearm
1.3 Hand
2 Function
2.1 Sensory
2.2 Motor
3 Clinical significance
4 See also
5 Additional images
6 References
7 External links
Structure[edit]
Arm[edit]
The ulnar nerve originates from the C8-T1 nerve roots (and occasionally carries C7 fibres) which form part of the medial cord of the brachial plexus, and descends medial to the brachial artery, up until the insertion point of coracobrachialis muscle (middle 5 cm over the medial border of the humerus). Then, it pierces the medial intermuscular septum and enters the posterior compartment of the arm, accompanied by superior ulnar collateral vessels. It runs at the posteromedial aspects of the humerus, passing behind the medial epicondyle (in the cubital tunnel) at the elbow where it can be palpated by hand.[3]
Forearm[edit]
Ulnar nerve is not a content of the cubital fossa. It enters the anterior (flexor) compartment of the forearm between the two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris, lie along the lateral border of the flexor carpi ulnaris. The ulnar nerve runs between the flexor digitorum superficialis (laterally) and flexor digitorum profundus medially. Near the wrist, it courses superficial to the flexor retinaculum of hand, but covered by volar carpal ligament to enter the hand.[3]
In the forearm it gives off the following branches:[4]:700
Muscular branches of ulnar nerve - supplies one and a half muscles (flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of flexor digitorum profundus)[3]
Palmar branch of ulnar nerve - arises from the middle part of the forearm and supplies the skin over the hypothenar eminence.[3]
Dorsal branch of ulnar nerve - arises from 7.5 cm above the wrist, winds backwards to supplies the skin of the proximal part of the ulnar two and half fingers and the adjoining area between the fingers.[3]
Articular branches are given off to the elbow joint.[3]
Hand[edit]
Ulnar nerve enters the palm of the hand via the Guyon's canal, superficial to the flexor retinaculum and lateral to the pisiform bone.[3]
Here it gives off the following branches:[4]
Superficial branch of ulnar nerve - supplies the palmaris brevis and gives digital branches to the medial one and a half fingers.[3]
Deep branch of ulnar nerve - It accompanies the deep branch of the ulnar artery. It passes backwards between the abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, and opponens digiti minimi, supplying all the three muscles, and lying on the hook of hamate bone. It then turns laterally, supplying the 3rd and 4th lumbricals and all the palmar interossei muscles and dorsal interossei of the hand. It terminates by supplying the adductor pollicis.[3]
Articular branches to the wrist.[3]
Function[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Ulnar nerve is also known as "musician's nerve" as it controls the fine movements of the fingers.[3]
Sensory[edit]
Cutaneous innervation of the right upper extremity. Areas innervated by the ulnar nerve are the areas on the hand colored in light blue.
The ulnar nerve also provides sensory innervation to the fifth digit and the medial half of the fourth digit, and the corresponding part of the palm:
Palmar branch of ulnar nerve - supplies cutaneous innervation to the anterior skin and nails
Dorsal cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve - supplies cutaneous innervation to the dorsal medial hand and the dorsum of the medial 1.5 fingers
Motor[edit]
The ulnar nerve and its branches innervate the following muscles in the forearm and hand:
An Articular branch that passes to the elbow joint while the ulnar nerve is passing between the olecranon and medial epicondyle of the humerus.
In the forearm, via the muscular branches of ulnar nerve:
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum profundus (medial half)
In the hand, via the deep branch of ulnar nerve:
Hypothenar muscles
Opponens digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
The third and fourth lumbrical muscles
Dorsal interossei
Palmar interossei
Adductor Pollicis
Flexor pollicis brevis (deep head)
In the hand, via the superficial branch of ulnar nerve:
Palmaris brevis
Clinical significance[edit]
The ulnar nerve can suffer injury anywhere between its proximal origin of the brachial plexus all the way to its distal branches in the hand. It is the most commonly injured nerve around the elbow.[5] Although it can be damaged under various circumstances, it is commonly injured by local trauma or physical impingement ("pinched nerve"). Injury of the ulnar nerve at different levels causes specific motor and sensory deficits:
At the elbow
Common mechanisms of injury: Cubital tunnel syndrome, fracture of the medial epicondyle (causing cubitus valgus with tardy ulnar nerve palsy)
Motor deficit:
Weakness in flexion of the hand at the wrist, loss of flexion of ulnar half of digits, or the 4th and 5th digits, loss of ability to cross the digits of the hand. (Note: Motor deficit is absent or very minor in cubital tunnel syndrome as the ulnar nerve is compressed in the cubital tunnel, rather than transected.)
Presence of a claw hand deformity when the hand is at rest, due to hyperextension of the 4th and 5th digits at the metacarpophalangeal joints, and flexion at the interphalangeal joints.
Weakness of adduction of the thumb, which may be assessed by the presence of Froment's sign.
Sensory deficit: Loss of sensation or paresthesiae in ulnar half of the palm and dorsum of hand, and the medial 1½ digits on both palmar and dorsal aspects of the hand
At the wrist
Common mechanism: penetrating wounds, Guyon canal cyst
Motor deficit:
Loss of flexion of ulnar half of digits, or the 4th and 5th digits, loss of ability to cross the digits of the hand.
Presence of a claw hand deformity when the hand is at rest, due to hyperextension of the 4th and 5th digits at the metacarpophalangeal joints, and flexion at the interphalangeal joints.
The claw hand deformity is more prominent with injury at the wrist as opposed to a lesion higher up in the arm, for instance, at the elbow, as the ulnar half of the flexor digitorum profundus is not affected. This pulls the distal interphalangeal joints of the 4th and 5th digit into a more flexed position, producing a more deformed 'claw'. This is known as the ulnar paradox.
Weakness of adduction of the thumb, which may be assessed by the presence of Froment's sign.
Sensory deficit: Loss of sensation or paresthesiae in ulnar half of the palm, and the medial 1½ digits on the palmar aspect of the hand, with dorsal sparing. The dorsal aspect of the hand is unaffected as the posterior cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve is given off higher up in the forearm and does not reach the wrist.
In severe cases, surgery may be performed to relocate or "release" the nerve to prevent further injury.
See also[edit]
This article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see Anatomical terminology.
Axillary nerve
Median nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
Radial nerve
Additional images[edit]
Brachial plexus with courses of spinal nerves shown
Cross-section through the middle of upper arm.
Cross-section through the middle of the forearm.
Transverse section across distal ends of radius and ulna.
Transverse section across the wrist and digits.
Ulnar and radial arteries. Deep view.
The right brachial plexus (infraclavicular portion) in the axillary fossa; viewed from below and in front.
Front of right upper extremity, showing surface markings for bones, arteries, and nerves.
Back of right upper extremity, showing surface markings for bones and nerves.
Ulnar nerve
Brachial plexus with characteristic M, ulnar nerve labeled.
Ulnar nerve
Ulnar nerve
Ulnar nerve
Brachial plexus.Deep dissection. Anterolateral view
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Hendrickson, Robert A. The Facts on File Encyclopedia of Word and Phrase Origins (Facts on File Writer's Library). New York: Checkmark Books. p. 281. ISBN 0-8160-5992-6.
Jump up ^ "Welcome to the new OED Online : Oxford English Dictionary". Dictionary.oed.com. Retrieved 2012-03-20.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k Krishna, Garg (2010). "8 - Arm". BD Chaurasia's Human Anatomy (Regional and Applied Dissection and Clinical) Volume 1 - Upper limb and thorax (Fifth ed.). India: CBS Publishers and Distributors Pvt Ltd. p. 91,110,111. ISBN 978-81-239-1863-1. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
^ Jump up to: a b Ellis, Harold; Susan Standring; Gray, Henry David (2005). Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. p. 726. ISBN 0-443-07168-3.
Jump up ^ Selby, Ronald; Safran, Marc; O'brien, Stephen (2007). "Practical Orthopaedic Sports Medicine & Arthroscopy, 1st edition: Elbow Injuries". msdlatinamerica.com. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
External links[edit]
Wikisource has the text of the 1905 New International Encyclopedia article Funny Bone.
Cubital Tunnel Support Forums
Anatomy figure: 05:03-15 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "The major subdivisions and terminal nerves of the brachial plexus."
Anatomy figure: 07:04-04 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Anterior view of the nerves, vessels, and superficial tendons that cross the left wrist."
Anatomy figure: 08:03-07 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Transverse section through the carpal tunnel and distal row of the carpal bones."
Ulnar_nerve at the Duke University Health System's Orthopedics program
Hand kinesiology at the University of Kansas Medical Center
Atlas image: hand_plexus at the University of Michigan Health System - "Axilla, dissection, anterior view"
Overview at neuro.wustl.edu
[hide]
v
t
e
Nerves of the brachial plexus
Supraclavicular
root (dorsal scapular, long thoracic)
upper trunk (suprascapular, to the subclavius)
Infraclavicular
lateral cord
lateral pectoral
ansa pectoralis
musculocutaneous (lateral cutaneous of forearm)
median/lateral root: anterior interosseous
palmar
recurrent
common palmar digital (proper palmar digital)
medial cord
medial pectoral
ansa pectoralis
cutaneous: medial cutaneous of forearm
medial cutaneous of arm
ulnar: muscular
palmar
dorsal (dorsal digital nerves)
superficial (common palmar digital, proper palmar digital)
deep
median/medial root: see above
posterior cord
subscapular (upper, lower)
thoracodorsal
axillary (superior lateral cutaneous of arm)
radial: muscular
cutaneous (posterior of arm, inferior lateral of arm, posterior of forearm)
superficial (dorsal digital nerves)
deep (posterior interosseous)
Other
cutaneous innervation of the upper limbs
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ulnar_nerve&oldid=829488553"
Categories:
Nerves of the upper limb
Hidden categories:
Pages with unresolved properties
Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL
Articles needing additional references from April 2015
All articles needing additional references
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Azərbaycanca
Boarisch
Čeština
Deutsch
Español
فارسی
Français
Galego
Italiano
עברית
Lëtzebuergesch
Nederlands
日本語
Polski
Português
Suomi
Svenska
9 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 8 March 2018, at 23:08.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

tag: div

attr: id class

value: mw-page-base noprint

key: html

type: local

value: mw-head-base noprint

tag: a

attr: id class lang

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attr: href title

value:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

tag: th

attr: colspan style

tag: tr

tag: img

attr: href class

tag: td

value:
/wiki/Flexor_carpi_ulnaris
mw-redirect
Flexor carpi ulnaris

value:
/wiki/Flexor_digitorum_profundus
mw-redirect
Flexor digitorum profundus

value:
/wiki/Lumbrical_muscle
mw-redirect
Lumbrical muscle

value:
/wiki/Opponens_digiti_minimi
mw-redirect
Opponens digiti minimi

value:
/wiki/Adductor_pollicis
mw-redirect
Adductor pollicis

value:
/wiki/Human_anatomy
mw-redirect
Human anatomy

value: Ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint

value:
/wiki/Palmaris_brevis
mw-redirect
Palmaris brevis

value: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

value: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced

value:
/wiki/Sensory_innervation
mw-redirect
Sensory innervation

value: Dorsal cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve (page does not exist)

value: Flexor digiti quinti brevis muscle (hand)

value:
/wiki/Palmar_interossei
mw-redirect
Palmar interossei

value:
/wiki/Flexor_pollicis_brevis
mw-redirect
Flexor pollicis brevis

value:
/wiki/Cubital_tunnel_syndrome
mw-redirect
Cubital tunnel syndrome

value:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

value: s:The New International Encyclopædia/Funny Bone

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.cubital-tunnel.com

value:
/wiki/Nerve_to_the_subclavius
mw-redirect
Nerve to the subclavius

value: Common palmar digital nerves of median nerve

value: Proper palmar digital nerves of median nerve

value: Common palmar digital nerves of ulnar nerve

value: Proper palmar digital nerves of ulnar nerve

value: Cutaneous innervation of the upper limbs

value: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value: Category:Pages with unresolved properties

value: Category:Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL

value: Category:Articles needing additional references from April 2015

value: Category:All articles needing additional references

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value:
/wiki/Ulnar_nerve
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

value: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

value: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

value: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

value: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

value: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

value: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

value: Permanent link to this revision of the page

value: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

value: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

value: عصب زندي – Arabic

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

value:
https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maisl
Maisl – Bavarian
bar
bar
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bar
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

value: عصب زند زیرین – Persian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

value: עצב הגומד – Hebrew

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lb
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

value: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

value: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

value: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

value:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Ulnar_nerve rootpage-Ulnar_nerve skin-vector action-view


text:
God in Judaism
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about contemporary theological discussion. For other uses, see God of Israel.
Part of a series on
Judaism
Movements[show]
Orthodox
Haredi
Hasidic
Modern
Conservative
Reform
Karaite
Reconstructionist
Renewal
Humanistic
Haymanot
Philosophy[show]
Principles of faith
Kabbalah
Messiah
Ethics
Chosenness
Names of God
Musar movement
Texts[show]
Tanakh
Torah
Nevi'im
Ketuvim
Ḥumash
Siddur
Piyutim
Zohar
Rabbinic
Mishnah
Talmud
Midrash
Tosefta
Law[show]
Mishneh Torah
Tur
Shulchan Aruch
Mishnah Berurah
Aruch HaShulchan
Kashrut
Tzniut
Tzedakah
Niddah
Noahide laws
Holy cities / places[show]
Jerusalem
Safed
Hebron
Tiberias
Synagogue
Beth midrash
Mikveh
Sukkah
Chevra kadisha
Holy Temple
Tabernacle
Important figures[show]
Abraham
Isaac
Jacob
Moses
Aaron
David
Solomon
Sarah
Rebecca
Rachel
Leah
Rabbinic sages
Chazal
Tannaim
Amoraim
Savoraim
Geonim
Rishonim
Acharonim
Religious roles[show]
Rabbi
Rebbe
Posek
Hazzan
Dayan
Rosh yeshiva
Mohel
Kohen
Culture and education[show]
Brit
Pidyon haben
Bar and Bat Mitzvah
Marriage
Bereavement
Yeshiva
Kolel
Cheder
Ritual objects[show]
Sefer Torah
Tallit
Tefillin
Tzitzit
Kippah
Mezuzah
Menorah
Shofar
Four species
Etrog
Lulav
Hadass
Arava
Kittel
Gartel
Prayers[show]
Shema (Sh'ma)
Amidah
Aleinu
Kaddish
Minyan
Birkat Hamazon
Shehecheyanu
Hallel
Havdalah
Tachanun
Kol Nidre
Selichot (S'lichot)
Major holidays[show]
Rosh Hashana
Yom Kippur
Sukkot
Pesach
Shavuot
Other religions[show]
Judaism and Christianity
Hinduism
Islam
Abrahamic religions
Judeo-Christian
Pluralism
Related topics[show]
Jews
Zionism
Israel
Criticism
Antisemitism
Anti-Judaism
Holocaust theology
Music
Jesus
Muhammad
Judaism portal
v
t
e
Part of a series on
Jewish philosophy
Hellenistic[show]
Positions:
Hasmonean
Sadducean
Pharisee
Boethusian
People:
Philo of Alexandria
Medieval[show]
Positions:
Positions in Rabbinic Judaism:
Maimonidean / Anti-Maimonidean
Tosafist
Kabbalist
Talmudic
Karaism
Positions in Western philosophy:
Rationalism
Averroism
Neoplatonism
Avicennism
Topics:
Mutazilites
Ismailism
Kalam
Avempace
Brethren of Purity
Al-Ma'arri
Al-Kindi
Muhammad al-Fazari
People:
Isaac Israeli ben Solomon
Saadia Gaon
David ben Merwan al-Mukkamas
Hasdai ibn Shaprut
Chananel ben Chushiel
Nissim Ben Jacob
Samuel ibn Naghrillah
Solomon Ibn Gabirol
Abraham bar Ḥiyya
Joseph ibn Migash
Natan'el al-Fayyumi
Bahya ibn Paquda
Yehuda Halevi
Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat
Abraham ibn Daud
Maimonides
Joseph ben Judah of Ceuta
Shem-Tov ibn Falaquera
Gersonides
Moses of Narbonne
Isaac ben Sheshet
Hasdai Crescas
Yosef Albo
Mansur ibn Sulayman al-Ghamari
Moses ben Isaac ha-Levi Minz
Elia del Medigo
Judah ben Eliezer ha-Levi Minz
Isaac Abravanel
Judah Leon Abravanel
Francisco Sanches
Uriel da Costa
Moses Almosnino
Modern Judaism[show]
Positions:
Orthodox
Sephardic
Chabad
Conservative
Reform
Existentialist
Reconstructionist
Chassidic
Holocaust
Renewal
Neo-Hasidic
Mussar
Rambamist
People:
Baruch Spinoza
Salomon Maimon
Joseph Solomon Delmedigo
Elijah Ba'al Shem of Chelm
Eliezer ben Elijah Ashkenazi
Tzvi Ashkenazi
Jacob Emden
Samuel Hirsch
Shneur Zalman of Liadi
Samson Raphael Hirsch
Jacob Abendana
Isaac Cardoso
David Nieto
Isaac Orobio de Castro
Moses Mendelssohn
Samuel David Luzzatto
Elijah Benamozegh
Moses Hess
Eliezer Berkovits
Eliyahu Dessler
Daniel Rynhold
Monsieur Chouchani
Emmanuel Levinas
Martin Buber
Gershom Scholem
Abraham Isaac Kook
Joseph Soloveitchik
Menachem Mendel Schneerson
David Hartman
Thomas Nagel
Jose Faur
Jacques Derrida
Hilary Putnam
Leo Strauss
Topics[show]
God
Faith
Eschatology
Ethics
Messiah
Chosenness
Holocaust
Tzadik
Happiness
Anger
Philosophical schools and traditions
v
t
e
Part of a series on
God
General conceptions[show]
Agnosticism
Apatheism
Atheism
Deism
Henotheism
Ignosticism
Monotheism
Monism
Dualism
Monolatry
Kathenotheism
Omnism
Panpsychism
Panentheism
Pantheism
Polytheism
Theism
Transtheism
Specific conceptions[show]
Creator
Demiurge
Deus
Father
Great Architect
Monad
Mother
Supreme Being
Sustainer
The All
The Lord
Trinity
Tawhid
Ditheism
Monism
Personal
Unitarianism
In particular religions[hide]
Abrahamic
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Bahá'í
Mormonism
Indo-Iranian
Hinduism
Buddhism
Jainism
Sikhism
Zoroastrianism
Chinese
Tian
Shangdi
Hongjun Laozu
Attributes[show]
Eternalness
Existence
Gender
Names ("God")
Omnibenevolence
Omnipotence
Omnipresence
Omniscience
Experiences
Practices
[show]
Belief
Esotericism
Faith
Fideism
Gnosis
Hermeticism
Metaphysics
Mysticism
Prayer
Revelation
Worship
Related topics[show]
Euthyphro dilemma
God complex
God gene
Theology
Ontology
Problem of evil (theodicy)
Religion
philosophy
texts
Portrayals of God in popular media
v
t
e
In Judaism, God is understood to be the absolute one, indivisible, and incomparable being who is the ultimate cause of all existence. Judaism holds that YHWH, the god of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob and the national god of the Israelites, delivered the Israelites from slavery in Egypt, and gave them the Law of Moses at biblical Mount Sinai as described in the Torah. Traditional interpretations of Judaism generally emphasize that God is personal, while some modern interpretations of Judaism emphasize that God is a force or ideal.[1]
The name of God used most often in the Hebrew Bible is the Tetragrammaton (YHWH Hebrew: יהוה). In Jewish tradition other names of God are Elohim and El Shaddai.
Contents
[hide]
1 Names
2 Monotheism
3 Godhead
3.1 Rationalistic conception
3.2 Mystical conception
4 Properties attributed to God
5 Concepts of God
5.1 Personal
5.2 Non-personal
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
Names[edit]
Main article: Names of God in Judaism
Further information: Yahweh and Tetragrammaton
The name of God used most often in the Hebrew Bible is the Tetragrammaton (YHWH Hebrew: יהוה). Jews traditionally do not pronounce it, and instead refer to God as HaShem, literally "the Name". In prayer the Tetragrammaton is substituted with the pronunciation Adonai, meaning "My Master".
Monotheism[edit]
See also: Shituf, Yahwism, and Shema Yisrael
After evolving from its monolatristic roots,[2] Judaism became strictly monotheistic. No consensus has been reached by academics on the origins of monotheism in ancient Israel, but Yahweh "clearly came out of the world of the gods of the Ancient Near East."[3] The worship of multiple gods (polytheism) and the concept of God having multiple persons (as in the doctrine of Trinity) are equally unimaginable in Judaism. The idea of God as a duality or trinity is heretical in Judaism – it is considered akin to polytheism.
God, the Cause of all, is one. This does not mean one as in one of series, nor one like a species (which encompasses many individuals), nor one as in an object that is made up of many elements, nor as a single simple object that is infinitely divisible. Rather, God is a unity unlike any other possible unity. (Maimonides, 13 Principles of Faith, Second Principle)[4]
Since all of existence emanates from God, whose ultimate existence is not dependent on anything else, some Jewish sages perceived God as interpenetrating the universe, which itself has been thought to be a manifestation of God's existence. In this way Judaism can be regarded as being similar to panentheism,[citation needed] while always affirming genuine monotheism.
Kabbalistic tradition holds that the divine consists of ten sefirot (attributes or emanations). This has been described as a strand of Judaism which may seem at odds with Jewish commitments to strict monotheism, but Kabbalists have consistently emphasized that their traditions are strictly monotheistic.[5]
Any belief that an intermediary between humanity and God could be used, whether necessary or even optional, has traditionally been considered heretical. Maimonides writes that
God is the only one we may serve and praise....We may not act in this way toward anything beneath God, whether it be an angel, a star, or one of the elements.....There are no intermediaries between us and God. All our prayers should be directed towards God; nothing else should even be considered.[citation needed]
Some rabbinic authorities disagreed with this view. Notably, Nachmanides was of the opinion that it is permitted to ask the angels to beseech God on our behalf. This argument manifests notably in the Selichot prayer called "Machnisay Rachamim", a request to the angels to intercede with God. Modern printed editions of the Selichot include this prayer.[citation needed]
Godhead[edit]
Main article: Godhead in Judaism
Godhead refers to the aspect or substratum of God that lies behind God's actions or properties (i.e., it is the essence of God).
Rationalistic conception[edit]
In the philosophy of Maimonides and other Jewish-rationalistic philosophers, there is little which can be predicated about the Godhead other than its existence, and even this can only be asserted equivocally.
How then can a relation be represented between God and what is other than God when there is no notion comprising in any respect both of the two, inasmuch as existence is, in our opinion, affirmed of God, may God be exalted, and of what is other than God merely by way of absolute equivocation. There is, in truth, no relation in any respect between God and any of God's creatures.
—  Maimonides, Moreh Nevuchim (Pines 1963)
Mystical conception[edit]
In Kabbalistic thought the term "Godhead" usually refers to the concept of Ein Sof (אין סוף), which is the aspect of God that lies beyond the emanations (sephirot). The "knowability" of the Godhead in Kabbalistic thought is no better that what is conceived by rationalist thinkers. As Jacobs (1973) puts it, "Of God as God is in Godself—Ein Sof—nothing can be said at all, and no thought can reach there".
Ein Sof is a place to which forgetting and oblivion pertain. Why? Because concerning all the sefirot, one can search out their reality from the depth of supernal wisdom. From there it is possible to understand one thing from another. However, concerning Ein Sof, there is no aspect anywhere to search or probe; nothing can be known of it, for it is hidden and concealed in the mystery of absolute nothingness.
—  David ben Judah Hehasid, Matt (1990)
Properties attributed to God[edit]
In traditional Judaism, God is conceived of as the eternal, omnipotent and omniscient creator of the universe, and the source of morality.[citation needed] God has the power to intervene in the world.
Maimonides describes God in this fashion: "The foundation of all foundations and the pillar of wisdom is to know that there is a Primary Being who brought into being all existence. All the beings of the heavens, the earth, and what is between them came into existence only from the truth of His being."[6]
Jews often describe God as omniscient,[7] although some prominent medieval Jewish philosophers held that God does not have complete foreknowledge of human acts. Gersonides, for example, argued that God knows the choices open to each individual but that God does not know the choices that an individual will make.[8] Abraham ibn Daud believed that God was not omniscient or omnipotent with respect to human action.[9]
Jews often describe God as omnipotent and see that idea as rooted in the Bible.[7] Many modern Jewish theologians have argued that God is not omnipotent, however, and have found many biblical and classical sources to support this view.[10]
Although God is referred to in the Tanakh with masculine imagery and grammatical forms, traditional Jewish philosophy does not attribute gender to God.[11] Although Jewish aggadic literature and Jewish mysticism do on occasion refer to God using gendered language, for poetic or other reasons, this language was never understood by Jews to imply that God is gender-specific.
Some modern Jewish thinkers take care to articulate God outside of the gender binary, [12] a concept seen as not applicable to God.
Kabbalistic tradition holds that emanations from the divine consist of ten aspects, called sefirot.
Concepts of God[edit]
Personal[edit]
The mass revelation at Mount Horeb in an illustration from a Bible card published by the Providence Lithograph Company, 1907
Most of classical Judaism views God as a personal god, meaning that humans can have a relationship with God and vice versa. Rabbi Samuel S. Cohon wrote that "God as conceived by Judaism is not only the First Cause, the Creative Power, and the World Reason, but also the living and loving Father of Men. He is not only cosmic but also personal....Jewish monotheism thinks of God in terms of definite character or personality, while pantheism is content with a view of God as impersonal." This is shown in the Jewish liturgy, such as in the Adon Olam hymn, which includes a "confident affirmation" that "He is my God, my living God...Who hears and answers."[13] Edward Kessler writes that Hebrew Bible "portrays an encounter with a God who cares passionately and who addresses humanity in the quiet moments of its existence."[14] British chief rabbi Jonathan Sacks suggests that God "is not distant in time or detached, but passionately engaged and present."[14]
It is important to note that "the predicate 'personal' as applied to God" does not mean that God is corporeal or anthropomorphic, views which Judaism has always rejected; rather, "personality" refers not to physicality but to "inner essence, psychical, rational, and moral."[13] Although most Jews believe that "God can be experienced," it is understood that "God cannot be understood" because "God is utterly unlike humankind" (as shown in God's response to Moses when Moses asked for God's name: "I Am that I Am"); all anthropomorphic statements about God "are understood as linguistic metaphors, otherwise it would be impossible to talk about God at all."[14]
According to traditional Judaism, people's actions do not have the ability to affect God positively or negatively.[citation needed] The Book of Job in the Hebrew Bible states: "Gaze at the heavens and see, and view the skies, which are higher than you. If you sinned, how do you harm God, and if your transgressions are many, what do you do to God? If you are righteous, what do you give God? Or what does God take from your hand? Your wickedness [affects] a person like yourself, and your righteousness a child of humanity."
A modern concept that God is in need of human beings has been propounded by Abraham Joshua Heschel. Because God is in search of people, God is accessible and available through time and place to whoever seeks Him, leading to a spiritual intensity for the individual as well. This accessibility leads to a God who is present, involved, near, intimate, and concerned for and vulnerable to what happens in this world.[15]
Non-personal[edit]
Although the dominant strain in Judaism is that God is personal, modern Jewish thinkers claim that there is an "alternate stream of tradition exemplified by ... Maimonides", who, along with several other Jewish philosophers, rejected the idea of a personal God.[14]
Modern Jewish thinkers who have rejected the idea of a personal God have sometimes affirmed that God is nature, the ethical ideal, or a force or process in the world.
Baruch Spinoza offers a pantheist view of God. In his thought, God is everything and everything is God. Thus, there can be conceived no substance but God.[16] In this model, one can speak of God and nature interchangeably. Although Spinoza was excommunicated from the Jewish community of Amsterdam, Spinoza's concept of God was revived by later Jews, especially Israeli secular Zionists.[17]
Hermann Cohen rejected Spinoza's idea that God can be found in nature, but agreed that God was not a personal being. Rather, he saw God as an ideal, an archetype of morality.[18] Not only can God not be identified with nature, but God is also incomparable to anything in the world.[18] This is because God is “One,” unique and unlike anything else.[18] One loves and worships God through living ethically and obeying His moral law: “love of God is love of morality.”[18]
Similarly, for Emmanuel Levinas, God is ethics, so one is brought closer to God when justice is rendered to the Other. This means that one experiences the presence of God through one’s relation to other people. To know God is to know what must be done, so it does not make sense to speak of God as what God is, but rather what God commands.[19]
For Mordecai Kaplan, the founder of Reconstructionist Judaism, God is not a person, but rather a force within the universe that is experienced; in fact, anytime something worthwhile is experienced, that is God.[20] God is the sum of all natural processes that allow people to be self-fulfilling, the power that makes for salvation.[21] Thus, Kaplan’s God is abstract, not carnate, and intangible. It is important to note that, in this model, God exists within this universe; for Kaplan, there is nothing supernatural or otherworldly. One loves this God by seeking out truth and goodness. Kaplan does not view God as a person but acknowledges that using personal God-language can help people feel connected to their heritage and can act as “an affirmation that life has value.”[22]
Likewise, Rabbi Zalman Schachter-Shalomi, the founder of the Jewish Renewal movement, views God as a process. To aid in this transition in language, he uses the term “godding,” which encapsulates God as a process, as the process that the universe is doing, has been doing, and will continue to do.[23] This term means that God is emerging, growing, adapting, and evolving with creation. Despite this, conventional God-language is still useful in nurturing spiritual experiences and can be a tool to relate to the infinite, although it should not be confused with the real thing.[24]
According to the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life's 2008 U.S. Religious Landscape Survey, Americans who identify as Jewish by religion are twice as likely to favor ideas of God as "an impersonal force" over the idea that "God is a person with whom people can have a relationship."[25]
See also[edit]
Judaism portal
Religion portal
God in Abrahamic religions
Holocaust theology
Holy Spirit (Judaism)
Shekhinah (divine presence)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/modern-jewish-views-of-god
Jump up ^ John M. Duffey (2013). [books Science and Religion: A Contemporary Perspective] Check |url= value (help). Wipf and Stock. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Smith, Mark S.The early history of God: Yahweh and the other deities in ancient Israel. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.; 2nd ed., 2002. ISBN 978-0-8028-3972-5
Jump up ^ Maimonides, 13 principles of faith, Second Principle
Jump up ^ Wainwright, William, "Monotheism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2013 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2013/entries/monotheism/>.
Jump up ^ Mishneh Torah, book HaMadda', section Yesodei ha-Torah, chapter 1:1 (original Hebrew/English translation)
^ Jump up to: a b [www.ajcarchives.org/ajc_data/files/913.pdf "Jewish Beliefs about God" in C/JEEP Curriculum Guide American Jewish Committee]
Jump up ^ Jacobs, Louis (1990). God, Torah, Israel: traditionalism without fundamentalism. Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College Press. ISBN 0-87820-052-5. OCLC 21039224. [page needed]
Jump up ^ Guttmann, Julius (1964). Philosophies of Judaism: The History of Jewish Philosophy from Biblical Times to Franz Rosenzweig. New York City: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. pp. 150–151. OCLC 1497829.
Jump up ^ Geoffrey Claussen, “God and Suffering in Heschel’s Torah Min Ha-Shamayim.” Conservative Judaism 61, no. 4 (2010), p. 17
Jump up ^ "G-d has no body, no genitalia, therefore the very idea that G-d is male or female is patently absurd. We refer to G-d using masculine terms simply for convenience's sake, because Hebrew has no neutral gender; G-d is no more male than a table is." Judaism 101. "The fact that we always refer to God as 'He' is also not meant to imply that the concept of sex or gender applies to God." Rabbi Aryeh Kaplan, The Aryeh Kaplan Reader, Mesorah Publications (1983), p. 144
Jump up ^ Julia Watts-Belser, “Transing God/dess: Notes from the Borderlands,” in Balancing on the Mechitza: Transgender in Jewish Community, ed. Noach Dzmura (Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books, 2010)
^ Jump up to: a b Samuel S. Cohon. What We Jews Believe (1931). Union of American Hebrew Congregations.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Edward Kessler, What Do Jews Believe?: The Customs and Culture of Modern Judaism (2007). Bloomsbury Publishing: pp. 42-44.
Jump up ^ Abraham Joshua Heschel, God in Search of Man: A Philosophy of Judaism (New York: Farrar, Straus & Cudahy, 1955).
Jump up ^ Benedictus de Spinoza, The Ethics; Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect; Selected Letters, trans. Samuel Shirley, 2nd ed. (Indianapolis: Hackett, 1992), 40.
Jump up ^ Daniel B. Schwartz, The First Modern Jew: Spinoza and the History of an Image (Princeton University Press, 2012), ch. 5.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Hermann Cohen, Reason and Hope: Selections from the Jewish Writings of Hermann Cohen, trans. Eva Jospe (New York,: Norton, 1971), 223.
Jump up ^ Emmanuel Levinas, Difficult Freedom: Essays on Judaism, trans. Sean Hand (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990), 223.
Jump up ^ Alan Levenson, An Introduction to Modern Jewish Thinkers: From Spinoza to Soloveitchik, 137.
Jump up ^ Alan Levenson, An Introduction to Modern Jewish Thinkers: From Spinoza to Soloveitchik, 138.
Jump up ^ Mordecai Menahem Kaplan, The Meaning of God in Modern Jewish Religion (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1994), 29.
Jump up ^ Zalman Schachter-Shalomi and Joel Segel, Jewish with Feeling: A Guide to Meaningful Jewish Practice (New York: Riverhead Books, 2005), 20.
Jump up ^ Zalman Schachter-Shalomi and Joel Segel, Jewish with Feeling: A Guide to Meaningful Jewish Practice (New York: Riverhead Books, 2005), 8.
Jump up ^ http://www.pewforum.org/files/2013/05/report-religious-landscape-study-full.pdf, p. 164
Further reading[edit]
Yochanan Muffs. "The Personhood of God: Biblical Theology, Human Faith And the Divine Image". LibraryThing.com. Library Thing.
[show]
v
t
e
Jews and Judaism
Outline of Judaism
Index of Jewish history-related articles
History
Timeline
Israelites
Origins of Judaism
Ancient Israel and Judah
Second Temple period
Rabbinic Judaism
Middle Ages
Haskalah
Zionism
Population
Assimilation
Diaspora
Ashkenazi
Sephardi
Mizrahi
Languages
Hebrew
Lists of Jews
Persecution
Antisemitism
Philosophy
Beliefs
Mitzvah
Chosen people
Conversion
Eschatology
Messiah
Ethics
God
Halakha
Kabbalah
Land of Israel
Who is a Jew?
Schisms
Religious movements
Orthodox
Haredi
Hasidic
Conservative
Reform
Karaite
relations
Secularism
Literature
Tanakh
Torah
Nevi'im
Ketuvim
Rabbinic
Mishnah
Talmud
Midrash
Kabbalah texts
Zohar
Shulchan Aruch
Siddur
Hebrew literature
Culture
Calendar
Holidays
Cuisine
Kashrut
Education
Leadership
Rabbi
Marriage
Music
Names
Politics
Prayer
Synagogue
Symbolism
Studies
Ashkenazi intelligence
Genetics
Jew (word)
Jewish Virtual Library
Relations with other Abrahamic religions
Christianity
Islam
Category: Jews and Judaism
Judaism portal
Judaism – Wikipedia book
[show]
v
t
e
Theology: Outline
[show]
Conceptions of God
Theism
Forms
Deism
Dystheism
Henotheism
Hermeticism
Kathenotheism
Nontheism
Monolatry
Monotheism
Mysticism
Panentheism
Pandeism
Pantheism
Polydeism
Polytheism
Spiritualism
Theopanism
Concepts
Deity
Divinity
Gender of God and gods
Male deity
Goddess
Numen
Singular god
theologies
By faith
Abrahamic religions
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
the Bahá'í Faith
Buddhism
Hinduism
Jainism
Sikhism
Zoroastrianism
Concepts
Absolute
Brahman
Emanationism
Logos
Supreme Being
God as
the Devil
Sustainer
Time
Trinitarianism
Athanasian Creed
Comma Johanneum
Consubstantiality
Homoousian
Homoiousian
Hypostasis
Perichoresis
Shield of the Trinity
Trinitarian formula
Trinity
Trinity of the Church Fathers
Trinitarian Universalism
Eschatology
Afterlife
Apocalypticism
Buddhist
Christian
Heaven
Hindu
Islamic
Jewish
Taoist
Zoroastrian
Feminist
Buddhism
Christianity
Hinduism
Islam
Judaism
Mormonism
Goddesses
Other concepts
The All
Aristotelian view
Attributes of God in Christianity / in Islam
Binitarianism
Demiurge
Divine simplicity
Divine presence
Egotheism
Exotheology
Holocaust
Godhead in Christianity
Latter Day Saints
Great Architect of the Universe
Great Spirit
Apophatic theology
Olelbis
Open theism
Personal god
Phenomenological definition
Philo's view
Process
Tian
Unmoved mover
Names of God in
Christianity
Hinduism
Islam
Jainism
Judaism
[show]
By Faith
Christian
History
Outline
Biblical canon
Glossary
Christology
Cosmology
Ecclesiology
Ethics
Hamartiology
Messianism
Nestorianism
Philosophy
Practical
Sophiology
Soteriology
Hindu
Ayyavazhi theology
Krishnology
Islamic
Oneness of God
Prophets
Holy Scriptures
Angels
Predestination
Last Judgment
Jewish
Abrahamic prophecy
Aggadah
Denominations
Kabbalah
Philosophy
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=God_in_Judaism&oldid=818097903"
Categories:
Conceptions of God
Jewish theology
Yahweh
Hidden categories:
Pages with URL errors
Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2015
Articles containing Hebrew-language text
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from March 2016
Articles with unsourced statements from October 2015
Articles with unsourced statements from December 2015
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Esperanto
فارسی
Italiano
עברית
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
Polski
Português
Simple English
Edit links
This page was last edited on 1 January 2018, at 15:14.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

value: mw-page-base noprint

value: mw-head-base noprint

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attr: href class title

value:
/wiki/God_of_Israel_(disambiguation)
mw-redirect mw-disambig
God of Israel (disambiguation)

attr: role class

value:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

attr: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value:
/wiki/File:Star_of_David.svg
image
Star of David

value:
/wiki/File:Lukhot_Habrit.svg
image
Ten Commandments

value: /wiki/File:Menora.svg image Menorah

value: font-size: 105%; padding: 0.2em 0px 0.4em; text-align: center; display: none;

value:
/wiki/Rosh_Hashana
mw-redirect
Rosh Hashana

attr: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value: padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.3em;font-weight:bold;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;font-weight:bold;

value:
/wiki/Philo_of_Alexandria
mw-redirect
Philo of Alexandria

value: font-size: 105%; padding: 0.2em 0px 0.4em; text-align: center; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); display: none;

value:
/wiki/Jews_in_the_Middle_Ages
mw-redirect
Jews in the Middle Ages

value:
/wiki/Muhammad_al-Fazari
mw-redirect
Muhammad al-Fazari

value:
/wiki/David_ben_Merwan_al-Mukkamas
mw-redirect
David ben Merwan al-Mukkamas

value:
/wiki/Nissim_Ben_Jacob
mw-redirect
Nissim Ben Jacob

value:
/wiki/Solomon_Ibn_Gabirol
mw-redirect
Solomon Ibn Gabirol

value:
/wiki/Abraham_bar_%E1%B8%A4iyya
mw-redirect
Abraham bar Ḥiyya

value:
/wiki/Yehuda_Halevi
mw-redirect
Yehuda Halevi

value:
/wiki/Levi_ben_Gershon
mw-redirect
Levi ben Gershon

value:
/wiki/Judah_ben_Eliezer_ha-Levi_Minz
mw-redirect
Judah ben Eliezer ha-Levi Minz

value:
/wiki/Isaac_Abravanel
mw-redirect
Isaac Abravanel

value:
/wiki/Jewish_denominations
mw-redirect
Jewish denominations

value:
/wiki/Sephardic_Judaism
mw-redirect
Sephardic Judaism

value:
/wiki/Mussar_movement
mw-redirect
Mussar movement

value:
/wiki/Jews_as_a_chosen_people
mw-redirect
Jews as a chosen people

attr: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value: Category:Philosophical schools and traditions

value: float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none

value:
/wiki/Religious_belief
mw-redirect
Religious belief

value: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2016)

value:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

value: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)

value: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2015)

value: Edit section: Properties attributed to God

value:
/wiki/Creator_god
mw-redirect
Creator god

value:
/wiki/Jewish_liturgy
mw-redirect
Jewish liturgy

value: List of Chief Rabbis of the United Hebrew Congregations

value: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

value: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

value:
/wiki/Holy_Spirit_(Judaism)
mw-redirect
Holy Spirit (Judaism)

value:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/21039224

value: This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (December 2015)

value:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1497829

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.jewfaq.org/g-d.htm

value: -moz-column-width: 20em; -webkit-column-width: 20em; column-width: 20em; list-style-type: decimal;

value: Index of Jewish history-related articles

value: Relationships between Jewish religious movements

value: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup

value: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

value: Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2015

value: Category:Articles containing Hebrew-language text

value: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

value: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2016

value: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2015

value: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2015

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value:
/wiki/God_in_Judaism
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

value: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

value: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

value: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

value: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

value: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

value: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

value: Permanent link to this revision of the page

value: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

value:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

value: الله في اليهودية – Arabic

value: خدا در یهودیت – Persian

value: אלוהים (יהדות) – Hebrew

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-God_in_Judaism rootpage-God_in_Judaism skin-vector action-view