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Flash vs. Arrow
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"Flash vs. Arrow"
Arrowverse crossover event
Promotional poster for "Flash vs. Arrow"
Also known as
"The Bolt. or The Bow."
Episode nos.
The Flash (part 1)
Season 1, Episode 8
Arrow (part 2)
Season 3, Episode 8
Directed by
Glen Winter (Flash)
Jesse Warn (Arrow)
Story by
Greg Berlanti
Andrew Kreisberg
Teleplay by
Ben Sokolowski (Flash)
Brooke Eikmeier (Flash)
Marc Guggenheim (Arrow)
Grainne Godfree (Arrow)
Production codes
3J5358 (Flash)
3J5158 (Arrow)
Original air dates
December 2, 2014 (2014-12-02) (Flash)
December 3, 2014 (2014-12-03) (Arrow)
Episode chronology
The Flash
← Previous
"Power Outage" Next →
"The Man in the Yellow Suit"
List of The Flash episodes
Arrow
← Previous
"Draw Back Your Bow" Next →
"The Climb"
List of Arrow episodes
Followed by
"Heroes Join Forces"
"Flash vs. Arrow" is the first annual Arrowverse crossover event, broadcast on The CW, featuring episodes of the Arrowverse television series The Flash and Arrow. The event began on December 2, 2014, with The Flash episode "Flash vs. Arrow" and concluded the next day with the Arrow episode "The Brave and The Bold". The crossover sees Team Flash (Barry Allen / Flash, Caitlin Snow, and Cisco Ramon) helping Team Arrow (Oliver Queen / Arrow, Felicity Smoak, and John Diggle) take on the boomerang-wielding villain Captain Boomerang, while Team Arrow helps Team Flash confront the metahuman Roy Bivolo.
A crossover between the two series was announced in July 2014, after Barry Allen had been introduced in Arrow's second season ahead of the debut of The Flash. By the following September, the scripts for each episode had been written, with filming occurring shortly before the end of the month and into October 2014. The crossover sees every main cast member of each series who appear at least in their own series, with additional actors and characters also reprising their Arrowverse roles.
The episodes received positive reviews, with critics calling the crossover fun, and everything fans could have wanted and more. Critics praised the producers for bringing the two series together while keeping the episodes as self-contained adventures, and highlighted the fight scene between the Flash and Arrow as living up to the hype. Ratings for the episodes were exceptional, with both being the highest watched episodes of each show since their respective series premieres. A subsequent crossover occurred the following year titled "Heroes Join Forces".
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast and characters
2.1 Main
2.2 Guest
2.2.1 The Flash
2.2.2 Arrow
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Writing
3.3 Filming
4 Music
5 Release
5.1 Broadcast
5.2 Home media
6 Reception
6.1 Ratings
6.2 Critical response
6.2.1 The Flash
6.2.2 Arrow
6.3 Accolades
7 Additional crossovers
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
Roy Bivolo, a new metahuman with the ability to send people into an uncontrollable rage, uses his ability to rob the Central City bank. Police officer Eddie Thawne proposes to capture the Flash because he was at the crime scene, but is rejected by the captain. The police track Bivolo to a warehouse, where he uses his abilities on a cop to facilitate his escape. Barry Allen arrives in time to save Joe West, but is almost injured himself before Oliver Queen, as the "Arrow", arrives to stop the cop. Later, Oliver informs Barry that he and his team are in Central City tracking a killer who uses lethal boomerangs. Barry suggests that they team-up to catch each other's targets and Oliver reluctantly agrees. Oliver tries to teach Barry to be more mindful of his surroundings, but Barry decides to go after Bivolo by himself. Bivolo uses his abilities on Barry; but because of Barry's powers it makes the effects last longer.
Meanwhile, Eddie continues to persuade his superiors to form a task force to hunt down the Flash, expressing his zero tolerance for vigilantes. When an enraged and jealous Barry, as Flash, makes an attempt on Eddie, Oliver tries to stop Barry, and the two engage in a fight. Oliver manages to wrangle Barry long enough for Harrison Wells and Joe to use colored strobe light to reset Barry's emotional state. Afterward, Barry and Oliver capture Bivolo and place him in the prison at S.T.A.R. Labs. Due to the incident, Eddie gets the grounds to form a police task force to arrest the Flash. Barry confirms Oliver's belief that the former has a lot to learn. Oliver advises him to stay away from Iris West, with whom Barry is in love, because men with secret identities never get the girl. Oliver asks Team Flash to keep his alter ego a secret. A new metahuman able to manipulate fire appears in Central City.
In a flashback set in Hong Kong, Oliver learns how to torture suspects effectively to obtain information. In the present, Oliver and Roy Harper locate the home of Digger Harkness, the boomerang-wielding murderer, where they find A.R.G.U.S. operatives looking for him as well. Caitlin Snow and Cisco Ramon arrive in Starling City to help Felicity Smoak investigate Sara Lance's death. Digger attempts to kill Lyla Michaels, Roy, and Oliver, but Barry arrives and stops him. Later, Lyla reveals Digger was part of the Suicide Squad. When Oliver uses extreme interrogation methods against a Russian mob member in order to locate Digger, Barry questions how emotionally stable Oliver is. Digger locates Oliver's hideout and wounds Lyla before escaping. In order to leave town, Digger plants five bombs around the city. While Oliver captures Digger, Barry uses both of their teams to defuse the bombs simultaneously. Digger is incarcerated on the island with Slade Wilson. Before Barry and his team's departure, he and Oliver decide to have a friendly duel.
Cast and characters[edit]
Further information: List of The Flash characters and List of Arrow characters
Main[edit]
Actor
Character
Episode
The Flash
Arrow
Grant Gustin[1] Barry Allen / Flash Main Guest
Candice Patton[2] Iris West Main Does not appear
Danielle Panabaker[1] Caitlin Snow Main Guest
Rick Cosnett[2] Eddie Thawne Main Does not appear
Carlos Valdes[1] Cisco Ramon Main Guest
Tom Cavanagh[2] Harrison Wells Main Does not appear
Jesse L. Martin[2] Joe West Main Does not appear
Stephen Amell[1] Oliver Queen / Arrow Guest Main
David Ramsey[1] John Diggle Guest Main
Emily Bett Rickards[1] Felicity Smoak Guest Main
Katie Cassidy[3] Laurel Lance Does not appear Main
Willa Holland[3] Thea Queen Does not appear Main
Colton Haynes[3] Roy Harper / Arsenal Does not appear Main
John Barrowman[3] Malcolm Merlyn Does not appear Main
Paul Blackthorne[3] Quentin Lance Does not appear Main
Guest[edit]
The Flash[edit]
Paul Anthony as Roy Bivolo / Rainbow Raider[4]
Anna Hopkins as Samantha Clayton[5]
Patrick Sabongui as David Singh[2]
Robbie Amell as Ronnie Raymond / Firestorm[6]
Arrow[edit]
Audrey Marie Anderson as Lyla Michaels[3]
Cynthia Addai-Robinson as Amanda Waller[3]
Nick E. Tarabay as Digger Harkness / Captain Boomerang[7]
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
The first indication of potential crossover events in the Arrowverse occurred on The CW during the 2013–14 television season, when Barry Allen was introduced in the eighth episode of Arrow's second season ahead of the debut of The Flash.[8] In July 2014, it was announced that the eighth episodes of the third season of Arrow and the first season of The Flash would be a two-hour crossover event.[9] The crossover was originally planned as the seventh episodes of each series, but was pushed back due to the large amount of work needed to accomplish it.[10] In particular, the schedule coordination of trying to "jam another episode into the 23-episode schedule for each of [the] shows."[11] Marc Guggenheim, creator and executive producer on Arrow, explained that there was "no financially responsible" way of executing the crossover, with budgets being blown, long hours and the actors having to film scenes from both series on the same day.[11]
Andrew Kreisberg, creator and executive producer on both series, said, "It's really going to be an adventure with the Arrow and Flash on both episodes. Watching the two teams come together and fight alongside each other, it's one of the most fun parts, ... we just don’t believe in waiting. We really believe in accelerated storytelling."[12] Kreisberg explained that since they are all comic book fans themselves, they have all debated the age-old question of which superhero would win in a fight; "So, the idea that [the Flash and Arrow] would fight each other in one of these episodes was one of our earliest ideas, and that the cast members would have that Comic-Con argument on camera was one of our earliest ideas."[10] Greg Berlanti, creator and executive producer on both series, explained that "crossovers are part of [the characters'] DNA, ... and if we waited ..., then we would be depriving the audience of something we all wanted to see".[11]
In October 2014, Kreisberg described the episodes as very important to both Barry and Oliver and what they are going thorough, while also promising "one of the biggest surprises for Arrow of all time in The Flash episode".[13] Guggenheim added, "It's like the bomb underneath the table, and I think part of the fun is waiting to see when Oliver is going to learn what the audience learns on Flash."[14] It was later announced that another secret would be revealed in the final moments of The Flash episode that will help "introduce the next phase of The Flash in a big way".[15] In the episode, Oliver runs into an ex-girlfriend, last seen pregnant with his child in season two of Arrow and had been told by Oliver's mother Moira to tell him that she'd lost the baby and disappear. It is revealed to the viewers that she has a child and it's presumed to be Oliver's. After the airing of the episode, Guggenheim confirmed that indeed it was Oliver's child.[16] At the end of the episode, Robbie Amell, who played Ronnie Raymond—Caitlin's former fiancée presumed dead after the particle accelerator explosion—appears as Firestorm using his powers.[6]
Writing[edit]
The scripts for the "Flash vs. Arrow" crossover were written in mid-September 2014, with Berlanti and Kreisberg creating the story for the two episodes.[17][18] Berlanti drew inspiration from science fiction action television series The Six Million Dollar Man and The Bionic Woman for the story, while Kreisberg took his cues from the final episode of the fourth series of Doctor Who, titled "Journey's End", a crossover featuring the characters of spin-off shows Torchwood and The Sarah Jane Adventures.[15] The teleplay for The Flash was written by Ben Sokolowski and Brooke Eikmeier,[17] with Arrow's written by executive producers Guggenheim and Grainne Godfree.[18]
In late September 2014, Guggenheim revealed that the Arrow episode would be titled "The Brave and The Bold", a reference to a title shared by many comic book series published by DC Comics which feature super-hero team-ups, including the Flash and Green Arrow.[19] Guggenheim said:
I've never had so much fun writing a script before[.] ... It was such a blast to work on... I keep telling everyone that we should try for Avengers. It's these two heroes together with a big production value. ... There's the opportunity for inside jokes, and seeing all of the characters together. What happens when Cisco gets his eyes on Thea? There are moments like that, that you just can’t do in a normal episode....It's just so much fun.[20]
In October 2014, the title of The Flash episode was announced as "Flash vs. Arrow".[13] Kreisberg revealed that the writers' rooms for both shows were merged while working on the scripts for the episodes, similar to "throwing two casts together".[10]
Filming[edit]
Filming of the two episodes occurred from September 24, 2014, until October 8, 2014.[18][21] The Flash's episode was directed by Glen Winter,[17] and Arrow's by Jesse Warn.[18] The fight scene between the Flash and Arrow in The Flash episode was shot over three nights. Because this was the first time Stephen Amell's character fought someone with superpowers, he had to change the way he performed stunts to accommodate the special effects.[10] Comparing the filming of both series, Grant Gustin described The Flash shooting as "really tedious," working with "a lot of plate shots that are empty shots of the area we are going to be in" and later added in post-production, as opposed to Arrow where "they shoot it from the perfect angles and what you see is what you get". Gustin also recalled at times it got confusing on set because they were shooting both episodes at the same time.[22]
Music[edit]
The Flash vs. Arrow (Music Selections from the Epic 2-Night Event)
Soundtrack album by Blake Neely
Released
December 18, 2014 (2014-12-18)
Recorded
2014
Genre
Soundtrack
Length
49:57
Label
WaterTower Music
Producer
Blake Neely
Arrowverse soundtrack chronology
Arrow:
Season 2
(2014)String Module Error: Match not found2014 The Flash vs. Arrow
(2014) The Flash: Season 1
(2014)The Flash: Season 12014
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source
Rating
Soundtrack Geek [23]
On December 18, 2014, WaterTower Music released a selection of music from The Flash/Arrow crossover episodes, as well as two bonus tracks from their respective 2014 mid-season finales.[24] Discussing the challenge of merging the themes of both shows into a cohesive score, composer Blake Neely noted that "It wasn’t difficult because I originally designed the two shows to have styles and sounds that could merge and live together when necessary, but also hopefully stand alone as two distinct music worlds." [25]
The two bonus tracks were included on the album because "they proved very popular with the fans of the special event". Neely said, "As we were coming to completion and [the album] was about to go, I got all these tweets about these two pieces that people were loving, [and] I just had this idea, let's throw them on as bonus tracks... The fans asked for it and they got it."[26]
All music composed by Blake Neely.[27]
Track listing
No.
Title
Length
1. "Rainbow Raider Strikes" 2:24
2. "Don't Get Involved" 0:41
3. "Team Arrow in Central City" 2:30
4. "Training Barry" 1:55
5. "What's Up, Doc" 2:21
6. "Barry Gets Whammied" 3:05
7. "The Flash vs. Arrow" 5:06
8. "S.T.A.R. Labs Thanks Oliver" 1:51
9. "Firestorm Appears" 0:52
10. "Looking for Boomerang" 2:36
11. "Like a Kid in a Candy Store" 1:26
12. "Boomerang in A.R.G.U.S." 4:00
13. "Teaming Up" 1:50
14. "Torture Tactics" 2:16
15. "Hope for Saving People Like Us" 1:44
16. "Light Inside You" 2:28
17. "Disarming the Bombs" 3:54
18. "Gift Exchange" 1:30
19. "The Brave and the Bold" 1:44
20. "The Man in the Yellow Suit" (Bonus Track) 2:15
21. "The Climb" (Bonus Track) 3:29
Total length: 49:57
Release[edit]
Broadcast[edit]
The "Flash vs. Arrow" crossover episodes were shown at an exclusive fan screening at the Crest Theatre in Westwood, Los Angeles on November 22, 2014.[28] Afterwards, Amell, Gustin, David Ramsey, Emily Bett Rickards, Danielle Panabaker and Carlos Valdes were joined by executive producers Berlanti, Kreisberg and Guggenheim for a Q&A panel.[29]
The first part of the crossover, The Flash, was broadcast on December 2, 2014, followed by part two on Arrow on December 3, both on The CW.[30] The crossover was simulcast with the US broadcast in Canada on CTV.[31] It first aired in the United Kingdom on Channel 5 on December 16 and December 18, 2014.[32] In Australia, the episodes aired back-to-back on January 28, 2015, on Fox8, after Nine Network, which broadcasts Arrow, allowed Fox8 to air the Arrow episode of the crossover.[33]
Home media[edit]
The episodes, along with the rest of The Flash's first season and Arrow's third season, were released separately on Blu-ray and DVD on September 22, 2015. Bonus features include behind-the-scenes featurettes, audio commentary, deleted scenes, and a blooper reel.[34][35] The episodes became available for streaming on Netflix on October 6 and October 7, 2015, respectively.[36][37]
Reception[edit]
Ratings[edit]
Series
Episode
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)
The Flash "Flash vs. Arrow" 000000002014-12-02-0000December 2, 2014 1.6/5 4.34[38] 1.0 2.31 2.6 6.65[39]
Arrow "The Brave and the Bold" 000000002014-12-03-0000December 3, 2014 1.4/4 3.92[40] N/A N/A N/A N/A
The Flash episode had the second-highest number of viewers following the series premiere on October 7, 2014,[41] and the highest 18-49 rating since the second episode. Viewership rose 22% and the 18-49 rating by 14%, over the previous episode, "Power Outage".[42] The Arrow episode was the most viewed of season three, and had the show's largest audience since the series' premiere on October 10, 2012, and a series high 18–49 rating. Its viewership grew by 46% and its 18-49 rating by 56% over the previous episode, "Draw Back Your Bow",[43] and helped contribute to the most watched Wednesday on The CW in more than two years.[44]
The Canadian broadcast of The Flash was watched by 2.45 million viewers, earning the highest viewership for the week. The Arrow broadcast had 2.22 million viewers, the second highest for that day, and the fourth highest for the week.[45] In the United Kingdom, the episodes had 1.5 million viewers and 980,000 viewers, respectively. The time shifted versions attracted a total of 1.63 million and 1.26 million viewers, respectively.[32]
After the crossover aired, both shows saw increases to their ratings compared to their respective episodes before the crossover. The Flash "surprising[ly]" dipped a mere 6% in the 18–49 rating and rose 4% in total viewers, from the crossover episode, on "a heavily competitive night" for its most watched episode since its series premiere.[46][47] The following Arrow episode dropped by 29% in the 18–49 rating, from the crossover episode.[48] However, compared to its episode before the crossover, Arrow rose in the 18–49 rating, tying its second best rating of the season, behind only the crossover episode with The Flash.[49]
Critical response[edit]
After the first Arrow/Flash crossover, Brian Lowry of Variety applauded the producers for replicating the success of Arrow, but with "a lighter tone," and "a hero with genuine super powers" in The Flash. He noted while the crossover "does a nifty job of bringing the two series together" it was unlikely "to boost the shared audience between them much more than already exists".[50] Meredith Borders of Birth.Movies.Death called the crossover episodes "fun," noting that..."plenty of show-specific plot stuff was advanced without spelling it out for newbies. New viewers to either show could follow along and have a good time, but veteran viewers were rewarded with major storyline motion."[51]
Chancellor Agard, of Entertainment Weekly felt "the 'Flarrow'" crossover event was an overall success. Both episodes "put Team Flash in new situations and it was thrilling to watch how they reacted". Agard felt that while Arrow had "some great and comedic character moments for Team Arrow" none of its stories were advanced so that the episodes "felt like pause buttons" in its action.[52]
The Flash[edit]
Jesse Schedeen of IGN gave The Flash episode a 7.8 out of 10. He said the "Flash vs. Arrow" episode was "fun" with its focus "on the sheer entertainment value in seeing these two heroes and their allies cross paths"... and "to see the relationship between Barry and Ollie continue to evolve". As "a largely standalone episode" its scope was limited resulting "in yet another underdeveloped villain."[53] Scott Von Doviak writing for The A.V. Club awarded the episode an "A-", calling it "a satisfying showdown" that "actually stands on its own as a mostly self-contained hour of The Flash". Von Doviak complimented writers Greg Berlanti and Andrew Kreisberg, and director Glen Winter, for tackling the "clashing tones of the two shows" and the different personalities of their main characters, and "weaving...[them]... into the fabric of the episode". He also highlighted the fight scene between the Flash and Arrow, saying "It's a well-choreographed battle, with each hero appearing to have the upper hand at various points and clever bits of one-upmanship."[54]
Collider.com's Dave Trumbore gave The Flash episode an "A-", saying, it was "fun" seeing the characters together. He noted that the episode pointed out the many challenges Barry Allen "faces as a young up-and-coming crimefighter". He felt that Arrow's "knocks" made the point that "Barry's superpowers are an amazing gift ... he must hone and perfect to become a truly heroic character." Trumbore also "loved how Arrow's attention to detail and commitment to bettering himself through training clashed with Flash's carefree style and almost lazy attitude when it came to beating up baddies".[55] Agard's expectations for the episode were "not disappointed". He felt it delivered "on both the action front" with its impeccable, "epic" fight scene, and "on the character front". While the viewer can enjoy the interaction between the teams everything that happens in the episode pushes "this The Flash's stories forward".[56]
Eric Walters of Paste awarded The Flash episode a 9.0 out of 10, stating, ""Flash vs. Arrow" was everything a fan could have wanted from a crossover event," noting it was "tight, well-paced, superbly written and, most importantly, fun...".[57] Caroline Preece of Den of Geek also praised the episode, saying that it "was pretty much everything fans wanted and more". She noted this episode demonstrated how comic book ideas "can translate to the small screen if done with this much care, joy and enthusiasm". Given the "hype" she admired, and was "surprised" by the fact that even "with a little added Oliver, Felicity and Diggle thrown in," the crossover was not the focus of the whole episode.[58]
Arrow[edit]
Giving the episode a 9.2 out of 10, Schedeen stated it was a "blast to watch" and was "a more cohesive and satisfying episode than the first". Noting that the crossover "wasted some of its potential by delivering two mostly standalone episodes," the Arrow episode was "more consistently entertaining and satisfying than the first". He enjoyed Captain Boomerang suggesting he could be the "most memorable villain to debut this season". Schedeen enjoyed the teams continuing to cross paths, the drama between Barry and Ollie, and "the balance between light and dark [the crossover] needed".[59] Alasdair Wilkins of The A.V. Club gave the episode an "A-", saying it "..can just cut loose and have some ['effortless'] fun for an hour," noting that Barry "is one of the only characters able to call Oliver out on his more mopey strains of bullshit". He felt it was "fitting" the episode "shared the name—"The Brave And The Bold"—with DC Comics' long-running team-up comic". The Flash is "the brave one", who "inspires with his courage" though his "simplistic sense of right and wrong" can lead him to overlook "the darker side of what they do". Oliver is "the bold one", "willing to do whatever it takes to see justice served".[60]
Trumbore felt the episode of Arrow closed out the crossover "in spectacular fashion" and gave it an "A". He noted that "both heroes channel their respective cities into their character". Barry Allen's approach to crimefighting is effervescent and "carefree" reflecting "Central City's cutting-edge technology" and "squeaky-clean streets". "Queen's Starling City" with its "ruthless underworld" is "much like the personality of the masked crimefighter himself". He felt the writing was clever in that it allowed the characters to "clash at times, but also ... allow[ed] them to come together in pursuit of a common goal".[61] However, Agard felt Arrow "was a decent enough episode", but not "as good as the first". "'The Brave and the Bold'... felt... like a crossover episode ... servic[ing] Oliver's identity issues and character development." Agrad felt that "Cisco fanboying all over the place" is "fun" and Captain Boomerang is a "most formidable and compelling opponent" because he uses strategy and plans multiple steps ahead".[52]
Mark Rozeman at Paste, gave the Arrow episode a 9.3 out of 10, saying, the episode "not only equals its brother episode but, in some ways, manages to surpass it". He saw it as season's "strongest" Arrow episode, and "a great conclusion to the very successful Arrow/The Flash crossover" where in an "emotionally charged hour...all the elements come together with remarkable dexterity". He felt the shows' creative teams should be "applauded" for avoiding a "half-assed bid for ratings" instead turning the crossover "into something that brought out the best of each show". Rozeman argued that if "Flash vs. Arrow" proves that The Flash can stand on its own, then "The Brave and the Bold" is "a great demonstration that Arrow has some fire in it yet."[62] Den of Geek's Mike Cecchini said the episode is "a remarkably self-contained adventure". Noting that both episodes worked well as standalones, "Flash vs. Arrow" was "very clearly an episode" of The Flash and "The Brave and The Bold" is "absolutely an Arrow episode ... handily the best installment of Arrow season three so far". He felt the cinematic scoring was "great" giving the episode 4.5 stars out of 5.[63]
Accolades[edit]
TVLine named the "Flash vs. Arrow" crossover the 9th biggest television moment of 2014 saying, "There are crossovers. And there are superhero shows. But never in recent TV memory have two live-action costumed crimefighters clashed in super fashion (albeit under extenuating circumstances). The Flash's smooth moves versus Arrow's strength and stratagem made for a thrilling tango that lived up to the hype."[64] IGN ranked the showdown between the Flash and Arrow in The Flash episode as one of the best television fight scenes of 2014.[65] ScreenRant named both "Flash vs. Arrow" and "The Brave and the Bold" as one of the best television episodes of 2014.[66] Blastr and Zap2it also named The Flash episode "Flash vs. Arrow" one of the best television episodes of 2014.[67][68]
Additional crossovers[edit]
Further information: Arrowverse § Crossovers
In January 2015, The CW President Mark Pedowitz stated their intention to have an Arrowverse crossover every season.[69] In the 2015–16 television season, a two-part event titled "Heroes Join Forces" between the eighth episodes of the fourth season of Arrow, and the second season of The Flash, was used to set up the new team-up series Legends of Tomorrow.[8] For the 2016–17 television season, The Flash, Arrow and Legends of Tomorrow crossed over in an event titled "Invasion!" that saw the inclusion of the title character of CBS' Supergirl, after that series moved to The CW for its second season.[8][70][71]
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Jump up ^ Tillnes, Jørn (January 6, 2015). "Soundtrack Review: The Flash Vs. Arrow". Soundtrack Geek. Archived from the original on January 11, 2015. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Flash vs. Arrow: Music Selections from the Epic 2-Night Event". WaterTower Music. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved December 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ Beedle, Tim (November 17, 2015). "Music and Metahumans: An Interview with Flash and Arrow Composer Blake Neely". DC Comics. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Frederick, Brittany (December 22, 2014). "Blake Neely's 'Flash vs. Arrow' score hits iTunes for the holidays". AXS.com. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Flash vs. Arrow (Music Selections from the Epic 2-Night Event)". iTunes. December 18, 2014. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Flash VS Arrow Exclusive Fan Screening". Crest Westwood. November 24, 2014. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Flash & Arrow Crossover Screening Event Sweepstakes – Official Rules". The CW. November 14, 2014. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ Dickson, Evan (November 26, 2014). "Flash vs. Arrow Trailer Brings CW's Superheroes Together". Collider.com. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ Sheri, Jeff (November 28, 2014). "Superhero Showdown: 'The Flash' and 'Arrow' battle it out in two-part crossover". CTV Television Network. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Weekly Top 30". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved February 20, 2015. Note: The ratings must be searched for (15-21 Dec. 2014).
Jump up ^ Knox, David (December 10, 2014). "The Flash / Arrow crossover set for FOX8 premiere". TV Tonight. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved March 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Flash: Season 1". TVShowsOnDVD.com. June 17, 2015. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved June 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Arrow – Season 3 (DVD)". TVShowsOnDVD.com. June 17, 2015. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved June 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Flash Season 1 Netflix Release Date Confirmed". Den of Geek. September 18, 2015. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved October 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Arrow Season 3 Netflix Release Date Confirmed". Den of Geek. September 28, 2015. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved March 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (December 3, 2014). "Tuesday Final Ratings: 'The Flash' & 'Chicago Fire' Adjusted Up; 'Marry Me' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved December 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bibel (December 22, 2014). "'Modern Family' Has Biggest Adults 18–49 Ratings & Viewership Increase; 'Constantine' & 'The Vampire Diaries' Top Percentage Gains in Live +7 Ratings for Week 11 Ending December 7". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (December 4, 2014). "Wednesday Final Ratings: No Adjustment for Arrow, Modern Family or The 100". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved December 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ Venable, Nick (December 3, 2014). "The Flash And Arrow Crossover Crushed Last Night, Get The Ratings". Cinema Blend. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (December 3, 2014). "TV Ratings: 'The Flash' Gets Bump With 'Arrow' Crossover". Deadline.com. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (December 4, 2014). "'Arrow' Surges To Ratings Highs With Crossover, ABC Lineup Slips To Lows". Deadline.com. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ Baron, Steve (December 4, 2014). "'Arrow' Soars to Highest-Rated Episode Ever, Most-Watched Since Series Premiere". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Top Programs – Total Canada (English) December 1 – December 7, 2014" (PDF). Numeris. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 4, 2017. Retrieved March 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ Patten, Dominic (December 10, 2014). "TV Ratings: 'Agents Of S.H.I.E.L.D.' Fall Finale Down From 2013, 'Victoria's Secret' & 'Flash' Steady". Deadline.com. Archived from the original on March 22, 2017. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kissell, Rick (December 10, 2014). "Tuesday Ratings: 'Victoria's Secret,' 'Rudolph' Guide CBS to Victory". Variety. Archived from the original on March 22, 2017. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Patten, Dominic (December 11, 2014). "TV Ratings: 'Modern Family' Rises, 'Arrow' Fall Finale Steady". Deadline.com. Archived from the original on March 22, 2017. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kissell, Rick (December 11, 2014). "Ratings: 'The Middle,' 'Nashville' Bookend Winning Night for ABC". Variety. Archived from the original on March 22, 2017. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Lowry, Brian (December 2, 2014). "'The Flash' Keeps Hitting Its Stride With 'Arrow' Crossover". Variety. Archived from the original on February 22, 2016. Retrieved January 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ Borders, Meredith (December 4, 2014). "TV Review: The Flash And Arrow Crossover Episodes". Birth.Movies.Death. Archived from the original on January 30, 2016. Retrieved January 24, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Agard, Chancellor (December 3, 2014). "Arrow recap: 'The Brave and the Bold'". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on December 25, 2016. Retrieved December 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ Schedeen, Jesse (December 2, 2014). "The Flash: "Flash vs. Arrow" Review". IGN. Archived from the original on December 21, 2016. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ Von Doviak, Scott (December 2, 2014). "TV Review The Flash: "Flash Vs. Arrow"". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ Trumbore, Dave (December 2, 2014). "The Flash Recap Season 1 Episode 8 "Flash vs Arrow"". Collider.com. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ Agard, Chancellor (December 2, 2014). "The Flash recap: 'Flash vs Arrow'". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on December 23, 2016. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ Walters, Eric (December 3, 2014). "The Flash: "Flash vs. Arrow"". Paste. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ Preece, Caroline (December 4, 2014). "The Flash episode 8 review: Flash vs Arrow". Den of Geek. Archived from the original on December 21, 2016. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ Schedeen, Jesse (December 3, 2014). "Arrow: "The Brave and the Bold" Review". IGN. Archived from the original on December 21, 2016. Retrieved December 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ Wilkins, Alasdair (December 3, 2014). "TV Review Arrow: "The Brave And The Bold"". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ Trumbore, Dave (December 3, 2014). "Arrow Recap Season 3 Episode 8 "The Brave and the Bold"". Collider.com. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ Rozeman, Mark (December 4, 2014). "Arrow Review: "The Brave and the Bold"". Paste. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ Cecchini, Mike (December 3, 2014). "Arrow: The Brave and The Bold review". Den of Geek. Archived from the original on December 21, 2016. Retrieved December 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ Team TVLine (December 16, 2014). "The Biggest TV Moments of 2014". TVLine. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved December 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ Fowler, Matt (December 31, 2014). "15 Great TV Fight Scenes from 2014". IGN. Archived from the original on January 5, 2017. Retrieved January 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ Yeoman, Kevin (December 26, 2014). "The Best TV Episodes of 2014 – 'Mad Men', 'Walking Dead' & More". ScreenRant. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved January 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ Moore, Trent (December 22, 2014). "The 15 best sci-fi and fantasy television episodes of 2014". Blastr. Archived from the original on January 20, 2017. Retrieved January 4, 2017.
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Jump up ^ Nguyen, Hanh (January 11, 2015). "The CW Renews Supernatural and 7 More – But Where's Beauty and the Beast?". TV Guide. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved January 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ Melrose, Kevin (September 29, 2016). "Arrow, Flash, Supergirl, CW Crossover Villains Revealed". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ Burlingame, Russ (October 23, 2016). "Marc Guggenheim Reveals the Title of Arrow's 100th Episode". ComicBook.com. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
External links[edit]
"Flash vs. Arrow" on IMDb
"Flash vs. Arrow" at TV.com
"The Brave and the Bold" on IMDb
"The Brave and the Bold" at TV.com
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Ecdysozoa
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Ecdysozoa
Temporal range: Early Cambrian–Recent
PreЄ
Є
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
A centipede (Arthropoda)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
(unranked): Protostomia
Superphylum: Ecdysozoa
Aguinaldo et al., 1997
Phyla, classes, and clades
Clade Cycloneuralia, comprising
Kinorhyncha
Loricifera
Priapulida
Nematoda
Nematomorpha
Palaeoscolecida
Clade Panarthropoda, comprising
"Lobopodia"
Onychophora
Tardigrada
Arthropoda
Dinocaridida
Ecdysozoa /ˌɛkdɪsoʊˈzoʊə/ is a group of protostome animals,[1] including Arthropoda (insects, chelicerata, crustaceans, and myriapods), Nematoda, and several smaller phyla. They were first defined by Aguinaldo et al. in 1997, based mainly on phylogenetic trees constructed using 18S ribosomal RNA genes.[2] A large study in 2008 by Dunn et al. strongly supported the Ecdysozoa as a clade, that is, a group consisting of a common ancestor and all its descendants.[3]
The group is also supported by morphological characters, and includes all animals that shed their exoskeleton (see ecdysis).
The group was initially contested by a significant minority of biologists. Some argued for groupings based on more traditional taxonomic techniques,[4] while others contested the interpretation of the molecular data.[5][6]
Contents
[hide]
1 Group characteristics
2 Group membership
3 Alternative groupings that were favoured before Ecdysozoa gained widespread acceptance
3.1 Articulata hypothesis
3.2 Coelomata hypothesis
4 References
5 External links
Group characteristics[edit]
See also: List of bilaterial animal orders
A tardigrade (water bear) and a nematode (roundworm)
Deuterostomia
Protostomia
Ecdysozoa
Tardigrada
Nematoda
Nematomorpha
Priapulida
Kinorhyncha
Onychophora
Pancrustacea
Myriapoda
Chelicerata
Lophotrochozoa
A phylogenetic tree of the Ecdysozoa hypothesis as suggested by Dunn et al. (2008). Note that this molecular result is aberrant in that it does not recover the widely-accepted clade Panarthropoda (= Tardigrada + Onychophora + Euarthropoda).
The most notable characteristic shared by ecdysozoans is a three-layered cuticle (four in Tardigrada[7]) composed of organic material, which is periodically molted as the animal grows. This process of molting is called ecdysis, and gives the group its name. The ecdysozoans lack locomotory cilia and produce mostly amoeboid sperm, and their embryos do not undergo spiral cleavage as in most other protostomes. Ancestrally, the group exhibited sclerotized teeth within the foregut, and a ring of spines around the mouth opening, though these features have been secondarily lost in certain groups.[8]
Group membership[edit]
The Ecdysozoa include the following phyla: Arthropoda, Onychophora, Tardigrada, Kinorhyncha, Priapulida, Loricifera, Nematoda, and Nematomorpha. A few other groups, such as the gastrotrichs, have been considered possible members but lack the main characters of the group, and are now placed elsewhere. The Arthropoda, Onychophora, and Tardigrada have been grouped together as the Panarthropoda because they are distinguished by segmented body plans.[9] Dunn et al. in 2008 suggested that the tardigrada could be grouped along with the nematodes, leaving Onychophora as the sister group to the arthropods.[3]
The non-panarthropod members of Ecdysozoa have been grouped as Cycloneuralia but they are more usually considered paraphyletic in as representing the primitive condition from which the Panarthropoda evolved.[10]
Alternative groupings that were favoured before Ecdysozoa gained widespread acceptance[edit]
Articulata hypothesis[edit]
The grouping proposed by Aguinaldo et al. is almost universally accepted, replacing an older hypothesis that Panarthropoda should be classified with Annelida in a group called the Articulata, and that Ecdysozoa are polyphyletic. Nielsen has suggested that a possible solution is to regard Ecdysozoa as a sister-group of Annelida,[11] though later considered them unrelated.[12] Inclusion of the roundworms within the Ecdysozoa was initially contested[5][13] but since 2003, a broad consensus has formed supporting the Ecdysozoa [14] and in 2011 the Darwin–Wallace Medal was awarded for the discovery of the New Animal Phylogeny consisting of the Ecdysozoa, the Lophotrochozoa, and the Deuterostomia.[citation needed]
Coelomata hypothesis[edit]
Before Ecdysozoa, one of the prevailing theories for the evolution of the bilateral animals was based on the morphology of their body cavities. There were three types, or grades of organization: the Acoelomata (no coelom), the Pseudocoelomata (partial coelom), and the Eucoelomata (true coelom). Adoutte and coworkers were among the first to strongly support the Ecdysozoa.[15] With the introduction of molecular phylogenetics, the coelomate hypothesis was abandoned, although some molecular, phylogenetic support for the Coelomata continued until as late as 2005.[16]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Telford MJ, Bourlat SJ, Economou A, Papillon D, Rota-Stabelli O (April 2008). "The evolution of the Ecdysozoa". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 363 (1496): 1529–37. PMC 2614232  . PMID 18192181. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2243.
Jump up ^ Aguinaldo, A. M. A.; J. M. Turbeville; L. S. Linford; M. C. Rivera; J. R. Garey; R. A. Raff; J. A. Lake (29 May 1997). "Evidence for a clade of nematodes, arthropods, and other moulting animals". Nature. 387 (6632): 489–493. Bibcode:1997Natur.387R.489A. PMID 9168109. doi:10.1038/387489a0.
^ Jump up to: a b Dunn, CW; Hejnol, A; Matus, DQ; Pang, K; Browne, WE; Smith, SA; Seaver, E; Rouse, GW; et al. (10 April 2008). "Broad phylogenomic sampling improves resolution of the animal tree of life". Nature. 452 (7188): 745–749. Bibcode:2008Natur.452..745D. PMID 18322464. doi:10.1038/nature06614. CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
Jump up ^ Nielsen, Claus (1995). Animal Evolution: Interrelationships of the Living Phyla. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-850682-9.
^ Jump up to: a b Blair, J. E.; Kazuho Ikeo; Takashi Gojobori; S. Blair Hedges (8 April 2002). "The evolutionary position of nematodes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2: 7. PMC 102755  . PMID 11985779. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-2-7.
Jump up ^ Wägele, J. W.; T. Erikson; P. Lockhart; B. Misof (December 1999). "The Ecdysozoa: Artifact or monophylum?". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 37 (4): 211–223. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.1999.tb00985.x.
Jump up ^ Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 877–880. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.
Jump up ^ Smith, Martin R.; Caron, Jean-Bernard (2 July 2015). "Hallucigenia's head and the pharyngeal armature of early ecdysozoans". Nature. 523 (7558): 75–8. Bibcode:2015Natur.523...75S. PMID 26106857. doi:10.1038/nature14573.
Jump up ^ Paleos Invertebrates: Panarthropoda, retrieved February 17, 2007
Jump up ^ Webster, Bonnie L.; Copley, Richard R.; Jenner, Ronald A.; Mackenzie-Dodds, Jacqueline A.; Bourlat, Sarah J.; Rota-Stabelli, Omar; Littlewood, D. T. J.; Telford, Maximilian J. (November 2006). "Mitogenomics and phylogenomics reveal priapulid worms as extant models of the ancestral Ecdysozoan". Evolution & Development. 8 (6): 502–510. doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2006.00123.x.
Jump up ^ Nielsen, C (September 2003). "Proposing a solution to the Articulata–Ecdysozoa controversy". Zoologica Scripta. 32 (5): 475–482. doi:10.1046/j.1463-6409.2003.00122.x.
Jump up ^ Nielsen, Claus (2012). Animal Evolution: Interrelationships of the Living Phyla 3rd ed. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960603-0.
Jump up ^ Wägele, J. W.; B. Misof (September 2001). "On quality of evidence in phylogeny reconstruction: a reply to Zrzavý's defence of the 'Ecdysozoa' hypothesis". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 39 (3): 165–176. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0469.2001.00177.x.
Jump up ^ Maximilian J Telford; D. Timothy J Littlewood (27 April 2008). "The evolution of the animals: introduction to a Linnean tercentenary celebration". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 363: 1421–1424. PMC 2394567  . PMID 18192193. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2231.
Jump up ^ Adoutte, A.; Balavoine, G.; Lartillot, N.; Lespinet, O.; Prud'homme, B.; de Rosa, R. (25 April 2000). "Special Feature: The new animal phylogeny: Reliability and implications". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 97 (9): 4453–4456. PMC 34321  . PMID 10781043. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4453. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
Jump up ^ Philip, G.K.; C.J. Creevey; J.O. McInerney (9 February 2005). "The Opisthokonta and the Ecdysozoa May Not Be Clades: Stronger Support for the Grouping of Plant and Animal than for Animal and Fungi and Stronger Support for the Coelomata than Ecdysozoa" (PDF). Molecular Biology and Evolution. 22 (5): 1175–1184. PMID 15703245. doi:10.1093/molbev/msi102. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
External links[edit]
Wikispecies has information related to: Ecdysozoa
UCMP-Ecdysozoa introduction
https://web.archive.org/web/20030313115747/http://www.palaeos.com/Kingdoms/Animalia/Ecdysozoa.html
http://www.nematodes.org/tardigrades/Tardigrades_and_Ecdysozoa.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20100510081324/http://chuma.cas.usf.edu/~garey/articulata.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20030313065540/http://chuma.cas.usf.edu/~garey/essential.html
http://www.nematomorpha.net
[show]
v
t
e
Extant phyla of kingdom Animalia
Domain
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukaryota
(Supergroup
Plant
Hacrobia
Heterokont
Alveolata
Rhizaria
Excavata
Amoebozoa
Opisthokonta
Animal
Fungi)
A
n
i
m
a
l
i
a
Ctenophora (comb jellies)
Parazoa
Porifera (sponges)
ParaHoxozoa
(Epitheliozoa)
Placozoa (Trichoplax)
Planulozoa
(Eumetazoa)
Cnidaria (jellyfish and relatives)
Bilateria
(Triploblasts)
(see below↓)
[hide]
Bilateria
Xenacoelomorpha
Xenoturbellida (Xenoturbella)
Acoelomorpha
acoels
nemertodermatids
N
e
p
h
r
o
z
o
a
Deuterostomia
Chordata
lancelets
tunicates
craniates / vertebrates
Ambulacraria
Echinodermata (starfish and relatives)
Hemichordata
acorn worms
pterobranchs
P
r
o
t
o
s
t
o
m
i
a
Ecdysozoa
Scalidophora
Kinorhyncha (mud dragons)
Priapulida (penis worms)
Loricifera
N+P
Nematoida
Nematoda (roundworms)
Nematomorpha (horsehair worms)
Panarthropoda
Arthropoda (arthropods)
Tardigrada (waterbears)
Onychophora (velvet worms)
S
p
i
r
a
l
i
a
Gnathifera¹
Chaetognatha (arrow worms)
Gnathostomulida (jaw worms)
Micrognathozoa (Limnognathia)
Syndermata
Rotifera
Acanthocephala
Platytrochozoa
R+M
Mesozoa
Orthonectida²
Dicyemida or Rhombozoa²
Rouphozoa¹
Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
Gastrotricha (hairybacks)
Lophotrochozoa
Cycliophora (Symbion)
Mollusca (molluscs)
A+N
Annelida (ringed worms)
Nemertea (ribbon worms)
Lophophorata
Bryozoa
Entoprocta or Kamptozoa
Ectoprocta (moss animals)
Brachiozoa
Brachiopoda (lamp shells)
Phoronida (horseshoe worms)
Major groups
within phyla
Sponges
Calcareous
Hexactinellid
Demosponge
Homoscleromorpha
Cnidarians
Anthozoa inc. corals
Medusozoa inc. jellyfish
Myxozoa
Vertebrates
Jawless fish
Cartilaginous fish
Bony fish
Amphibians
Reptiles/Birds
Mammals
Echinoderms
Sea lilies
Asterozoa inc. starfish
Echinozoa
Nematodes
Chromadorea
Enoplea
Secernentea
Arthropods
Chelicerates/Arachnids
Myriapods
Crustaceans
Hexapods/Insects
Platyhelminths
Turbellaria
Trematoda
Monogenea
Cestoda
Bryozoans
Phylactolaemata
Stenolaemata
Gymnolaemata
Annelids
Polychaetes
Clitellata
Echiura
Molluscs
Gastropods
Cephalopods
Bivalves
Chitons
Tusk shells
Phyla with ≥5000 extant species bolded
See also
Parazoa and Eumetazoa
Monoblastozoa (nomen dubium)
¹Platyzoa
²Mesozoa
Taxon identifiers
Wd: Q5176
ADW: Ecdysozoa
EoL: 8880788
Fossilworks: 67124
ITIS: 914158
NCBI: 1206794
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ecdysozoa&oldid=800923862"
Categories:
Ecdysozoa
Superphyla
Extant Cambrian first appearances
Hidden categories:
CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al.
Articles with 'species' microformats
All articles with unsourced statements
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