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NFL International Series
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The NFL International Series logo used between 2009 and 2016; the year was updated annually, with the new NFL Shield being used for the first time in 2008.
Opening ceremony at Wembley before the Denver Broncos vs. San Francisco 49ers game in 2010
Starting in the 2007 season, the National Football League (NFL) has hosted regular season American football games outside of the United States every year. Collectively officially known through 2016 as the NFL International Series, from 2017 the series currently has two sub-series, the NFL London Games in London, which has been in place since 2007, and the NFL Mexico Game in Mexico City, which began in 2016 with a predecessor game in 2005.
Initially, all games in the International Series were held in London. Wembley Stadium was the exclusive home stadium for International Series games from 2007 to 2015 and will continue to host NFL games through at least 2020; beginning in 2016, the series began expanding to more stadiums, first to Twickenham Stadium, London (2016–18) and to Estadio Azteca, Mexico City (2016–) and will eventually expand to the still under construction new stadium at Northumberland Park also in London (2018–27), with possible future plans to expand the series to Germany and/or Canada.[1][2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Early years (2007–2011)
3 Multi-year deals and multi-game years (2012–2015)
4 Long-term deals and new stadiums (2016–present)
5 Game history
5.1 Standings
5.2 Teams with no International Series appearances
6 Future
6.1 Possible teams
6.2 Future markets
6.3 Potential London team
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Background[edit]
Prior to 2005, the NFL's primary method of promoting its game abroad was through the American Bowl, a series of preseason games played around the world, and NFL Europe, a developmental league based in Europe. The American Bowls ended in 2005 (though a similar China Bowl was planned for 2007 before being canceled), while NFL Europa (as it was known for its final season) folded in 2007. On October 2, 2005, the Arizona Cardinals defeated the San Francisco 49ers by a score of 31–14 at Estadio Azteca in Mexico City, Mexico under the name NFL Fútbol Americano. It was the first regular season NFL game held outside the United States.[3] The game drew the NFL's highest game attendance at the time with 103,467 spectators.[3][4]
Roger Goodell, the commissioner of the National Football League, has considered expanding the league's appeal overseas ever since the end of NFL Europa. Goodell has openly discussed the idea of holding a future Super Bowl game in London.[3] The NFL also investigated the possibility of adding a 17th regular season game to all teams, taking the place of the fourth pre-season game.[5] Waller notes that there will not be 16 different venues for the 17th games. More likely would be a "mini-season ticket" of perhaps four games in one city or country.[5] There was discussion that this "17th game" could take effect as early as the 2009 NFL season; however, 2010 would be the earliest this could be implemented because of concerns about playing on Labor Day or over the 2010 Winter Olympics, the league's rigid scheduling formula, and the league's collective bargaining agreement (CBA).[5] League officials were pondering moving a second existing game abroad for the 2010 season, but eventually abandoned it due to the ongoing CBA negotiations.[6] The league eventually abandoned its attempt to expand the NFL season via CBA negotiations, and the new CBA enacted in 2011 has kept the NFL schedule at 16 games as of 2017.
Games in the United Kingdom are broadcast by the BBC and Sky Sports either live on BBC2 or online via the BBC Sports website and interactive TV and on Sky Sports Action. On radio the games are broadcast by BBC Radio 5 Live Sports Extra, with Arlo White commentating.
The games have been popular, with tickets for the two games per season selling out in two days, nine months in advance. According to the NFL, only 3% of those attending the London games are Americans or American expatriates, while 22% are from London and 60% from elsewhere in Britain. Ticket prices are from £35 for end zone seats to £100 for lower sideline seats.[7] A team that plays a home game in London sells a cheaper season ticket package for its own stadium with seven regular season games rather than the usual eight. Each designated home team receives US$1 million for giving up the home game.[8]
On October 11, 2011, the NFL owners approved playing NFL games in Great Britain through the year 2016. This stated that a home team could visit every year for up to five years but visitors could only visit once every five years.[9] However, in 2015 the Detroit Lions returned to London as visitors in an apparent disregard for this rule. Subsequently, an agreement has been reached to play internationally through 2025.[10]
The Buffalo Bills received a unanimous vote of approval to play a series of regular and preseason games at Rogers Centre in Toronto from 2008 to 2017.[11][12] This was separate from the regular International Series as arrangements are made by the team as opposed to the league as with the International Series. The Bills' Toronto Series was mutually terminated after the 2013 contest.
Due to significant time zone differences, from 2007–2015 teams playing in London would have their bye week in the following week after their game in London. For 2016, the Indianapolis Colts volunteered to play a game the week after their London game, preferring to have their bye week later in the season. The Colts playing the week after London was also done by the NFL as a test to see team fatigue for evaluation of an eventual London franchise.[13] As Mexico City is within the Central Time Zone—eight NFL teams play home games in Central Time and the rest are within two hours of it—no bye week would be needed for those teams, though they may still by chance be scheduled their regular bye week anyway. For 2017, three teams playing in London (Baltimore, Jacksonville, and Miami), will have games immediately following their International Series game.[14] In all three cases, the teams playing after their International Series game are based on the East Coast of the United States and will either be home or (in the Jaguars case) playing in East Rutherford, New Jersey.
Due to NFL rules, teams that are playing in temporary homes or that have recently been awarded the Super Bowl are required to play a home game internationally. The Los Angeles Rams, upon relocating from St. Louis, agreed to host an international game from 2016–2019, while their new stadium is being built. The Los Angeles Chargers, who will be sharing the stadium with the Rams once it is completed, will also host an International Series game in 2018 and 2019, only getting out of the 2017 game because the team had executed its out clause to move from San Diego after the 2017 International Series games had been announced.[15] The rule wasn't in affect when the Minnesota Vikings were playing at TCF Bank Stadium while U.S. Bank Stadium was being built, although the team did give up a home game while they were still playing in the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome. It is also likely that the Oakland Raiders will host another game in either 2018 and 2019 (or both) due to their pending move to Las Vegas, but it is unknown whether the "temporary stadium" rule applies in that case.
Early years (2007–2011)[edit]
The Miami Dolphins hosted the New York Giants at Wembley Stadium in London, England on October 28, 2007. The Giants defeated the Dolphins 13–10 in the first regular season NFL game held outside North America. The first 40,000 tickets sold out for the game in the first 90 minutes of sales.[3][16] The game was aired regionally on Fox.
A single game was held in London each year through 2011. Like the 2007 game, each was televised nationally in England, but only regionally in the United States.
Multi-year deals and multi-game years (2012–2015)[edit]
NFL International Series game between Dallas Cowboys and Jacksonville Jaguars in London
On January 20, 2012, NFL commissioner Roger Goodell confirmed that from 2012 to 2014, the St. Louis Rams would play one of their eight home games each year at Wembley Stadium.[17] However, on August 13, 2012, the team announced that they would not play the proposed games in London in 2013 and 2014, only the 2012 game against the New England Patriots that had already been scheduled.[18] Goodell had previously proposed the use of certain regular teams in the International Series in an effort to build a fan base for those teams, raising the prospect of a permanent NFL team on the British Isles.
An NFL bid to become anchor tenants of London's Olympic Stadium failed.[19]
The Jacksonville Jaguars took the Rams' place and agreed to play a home game in London for four seasons from 2013 through 2016. With this announcement also came news that the NFL were working to schedule a second UK game from 2013 onwards.[20] (The Jaguars later extended their agreement with Wembley Stadium through 2020 in an agreement announced in October 2015.)[2] In October 2012, it was announced that the Jaguars would host the San Francisco 49ers and the Minnesota Vikings would host the Pittsburgh Steelers, marking the first season with multiple games in London.
The NFL played three international games for the 2014 season, including one game with an earlier 9:30 am ET start, which allowed for an afternoon game, rather than an evening game, in London. This timeslot proved to be successful as all London games in 2015 and 2016 were also scheduled at 9:30 am ET. Three games were again scheduled in 2015 - including the series' first division game between the New York Jets and the Miami Dolphins.
Long-term deals and new stadiums (2016–present)[edit]
Between 2018 and 2027, at least two games each year will be played at Tottenham Hotspur's new stadium in Northumberland Park as part of an agreement between the NFL and Tottenham Hotspur. On October 7, 2015, the league announced that a resolution had been passed to schedule international games at additional locations to London until 2025.[10] On October 22, 2015 it was confirmed that at least two games per year will remain at Wembley until through least 2020 and that the Jacksonville Jaguars will continue to play a home game there annually throughout the agreement.[21] Subsequent to this, on November 3, 2015, the NFL announced that it had reached an agreement with England's Rugby Football Union to host regular season games at Twickenham Stadium from 2016 onwards, with a minimum of three, and as many as five games to be held over the initial agreement period of three years.[22]
In 2016, the Oakland Raiders hosted the Houston Texans on November 21 at Estadio Azteca in Mexico City, at the first International Series game played in Mexico. Previously, the Houston Texans and Pittsburgh Steelers had expressed interest in playing a game at Estadio Azteca (or possibly Estadio Olímpico Universitario) in Mexico City although Houston was not prepared to give up a home fixture.[23][24] It was televised as part of ESPN's Monday Night Football, marking the first MNF game broadcast from outside the United States, and ESPN's second broadcast from Mexico City since the 2005 Fútbol Americano game (which was televised as part of ESPN's former incarnation of Sunday Night Football).[25][26]
The 2016 game between the Redskins and Bengals was the first International Series game to go into overtime, the first to end as a tie, and had at the time the highest attendance of all International Series games (later surpassed by the 2017 game between the Ravens and Jaguars, which drew an attendance of 84,592).
For 2017 the series underwent a partial rebrand with four games in London branded as NFL London Games[27] and one game in Mexico City branded as the NFL Mexico Game.[28][citation needed]
Game history[edit]
Year
Date
Designated
visitor
Score
Designated
home team
Score
City
Stadium
Attn.
Pre-game show
Television
2007 October 28 New York Giants 13 Miami Dolphins 10 London Wembley Stadium 81,176 The Feeling[29] Fox
2008 October 26 San Diego Chargers 32 New Orleans Saints 37 London Wembley Stadium 83,226 Stereophonics[29] CBS
2009 October 25 New England Patriots 35 Tampa Bay Buccaneers 7 London Wembley Stadium 84,254 Calvin Harris[29] CBS
2010 October 31 Denver Broncos 16 San Francisco 49ers 24 London Wembley Stadium 83,941 My Chemical Romance[29] CBS
2011 October 23 Chicago Bears 24 Tampa Bay Buccaneers 18 London Wembley Stadium 76,981 Goo Goo Dolls[29] Fox
2012 October 28 New England Patriots 45 St. Louis Rams 7 London Wembley Stadium 84,004 Train[30] CBS
2013 September 29 Pittsburgh Steelers 27 Minnesota Vikings 34 London Wembley Stadium 83,518 Tinie Tempah[31] CBS
October 27 San Francisco 49ers 42 Jacksonville Jaguars 10 London Wembley Stadium 83,559 Ne-Yo[32] Fox
2014 September 28[33] Miami Dolphins 38 Oakland Raiders 14 London Wembley Stadium 83,436 Def Leppard[34] CBS
October 26[33] Detroit Lions 22 Atlanta Falcons 21 London Wembley Stadium 83,532 Little Mix[35] Fox
November 9[33] Dallas Cowboys 31 Jacksonville Jaguars 17 London Wembley Stadium 83,603 Joss Stone[36] Fox
2015 October 4 New York Jets 27 Miami Dolphins 14 London Wembley Stadium 83,986 None CBS
October 25 Buffalo Bills 31 Jacksonville Jaguars 34 London Wembley Stadium 84,021 The Ohio State University Marching Band[37] Yahoo! Sports[38][A]
November 1 Detroit Lions 10 Kansas City Chiefs 45 London Wembley Stadium 83,624 Madness[39] Fox[40]
2016 October 2 Indianapolis Colts 27 Jacksonville Jaguars 30 London Wembley Stadium 83,798 Robin Thicke CBS
October 23 New York Giants 17 Los Angeles Rams 10 London Twickenham Stadium 74,121 Craig David[41] NFLN[B]
October 30 Washington Redskins 27 Cincinnati Bengals 27 London Wembley Stadium 84,448 Wessex Male Choir & US Army Europe band Fox
November 21 Houston Texans 20 Oakland Raiders 27 Mexico City Estadio Azteca 76,473 None ESPN[C]
2017 September 24 Baltimore Ravens 7 Jacksonville Jaguars 44 London Wembley Stadium 84,592 None Verizon, Yahoo! Sports
October 1 New Orleans Saints 20 Miami Dolphins 0 London Wembley Stadium 84,423 None Fox
October 22 Arizona Cardinals 0 Los Angeles Rams 33 London Twickenham Stadium 73,736 None Fox
October 29 Minnesota Vikings Cleveland Browns London Twickenham Stadium NFLN
November 19 New England Patriots Oakland Raiders Mexico City Estadio Azteca CBS
Standings[edit]
Team
Appearances
W–L–T
Pct
Most recent appearance
New England Patriots 2 2–0–0 1.000 2012
New Orleans Saints 2 2–0–0 1.000 2017
New York Giants 2 2–0–0 1.000 2016
San Francisco 49ers 2 2–0–0 1.000 2013
Chicago Bears 1 1–0–0 1.000 2011
Dallas Cowboys 1 1–0–0 1.000 2014
Kansas City Chiefs 1 1–0–0 1.000 2015
Minnesota Vikings 1 1–0–0 1.000 2013
New York Jets 1 1–0–0 1.000 2015
Jacksonville Jaguars 5 3–2–0 .600 2017
Detroit Lions 2 1–1–0 .500 2015
Oakland Raiders 2 1–1–0 .500 2016
Cincinnati Bengals 1 0–0–1 .500 2016
Washington Redskins 1 0–0–1 .500 2016
St.Louis/Los Angeles Rams 3 1–2–0 .333 2017
Miami Dolphins 4 1–3–0 .250 2017
Arizona Cardinals 1 0–1–0 .000 2017
Atlanta Falcons 1 0–1–0 .000 2014
Baltimore Ravens 1 0–1–0 .000 2017
Buffalo Bills 1 0–1–0 .000 2015
Denver Broncos 1 0–1–0 .000 2010
Houston Texans 1 0–1–0 .000 2016
Indianapolis Colts 1 0–1–0 .000 2016
Pittsburgh Steelers 1 0–1–0 .000 2013
San Diego/Los Angeles Chargers 1 0–1–0 .000 2008
Tampa Bay Buccaneers 2 0–2–0 .000 2011
Teams with no International Series appearances[edit]
As of the 2017 season, six of the 32 teams have not played in the International Series: Carolina Panthers, Cleveland Browns, Green Bay Packers, Philadelphia Eagles, Seattle Seahawks and Tennessee Titans. Cleveland will be making its first appearance in 2017. Seattle played a game outside the United States in 2012, but it was not part of the International Series. The Houston Texans have never played in London, but played an International Series game in Mexico City.
Future[edit]
Possible teams[edit]
Before the Chargers and Saints were announced to be the two teams headed to London in 2008, the Kansas City Chiefs, Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Seattle Seahawks were identified as teams interested in playing a future game in Europe.[42] In particular, Seattle, which had been slated to play the China Bowl before that game was cancelled, had shown a continued interest in playing a game abroad. Tampa Bay eventually got the 2009 and 2011 games, while Kansas City got one of the games in 2015. Both the New York Giants and Miami Dolphins have similarly expressed interest in returning to the UK in a rematch of 2007's international series.[citation needed] There have also been negotiations between the Pittsburgh Steelers (whose owner, Dan Rooney, was the United States Ambassador to Ireland) and Croke Park in Dublin, Republic of Ireland for a potential International Series game there.[43]
The Rams and the Buccaneers are both under co-ownership with teams in the Premier League, the top association football league in England; the Rams are under co-ownership with Arsenal Football Club of London, while the Buccaneers are co-owned with Manchester United. From 2006 until 2012, the Cleveland Browns were also under co-ownership with Aston Villa before Randy Lerner sold the Browns to Jimmy Haslam, and since 2013, Jacksonville Jaguars owner Shahid Khan also owns Fulham F.C., which were at the time in the Premier League, but have since been relegated to the Football League Championship.[44]
As part of their application to relocate to Los Angeles for the 2016 season, the Rams have volunteered to play in the International Series at least once a year while occupying the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum for three seasons until their new stadium in Inglewood, California, opens in 2020.[45]
In 2016, Steelers president Art Rooney II stated that the team may have to give up a home game to play in Mexico City in the future, with the team stating that they would require permission from the Sports & Exhibition Authority of Pittsburgh and Allegheny County to do so, as their lease at Heinz Field explicitly requires the team to play ten home games (8 in the regular season, 2 preseason) at that stadium per season.[46][47]
Future markets[edit]
Within the United Kingdom, aside from London, potential candidates for hosting NFL games include Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, Wales;[48] and Murrayfield in Edinburgh, Scotland.[49] Other prime locations to get games would be Croke Park in the Republic of Ireland (Ireland has already hosted the NCAA Emerald Isle Classic, a college football game similar to the International Series, and Steelers owner Dan Rooney was once an ambassador to the country), Germany (which hosted five teams in NFL Europa at the time of its dissolution in 2007 and whose national American Football team won both the 2010 and 2014 European Championship), China;[50] Brazil,[51][50] Australia[52] and Canada (Canada hosted the Bills Toronto Series from 2008 to 2013). Mark Waller, NFL senior vice president, international, doubts Asia or Australia would be targeted because of the travel concerns, but he does not dismiss anything.[5] Until 2015 the Jacksonville Jaguars' agreement stipulated that all future International Series games in the current agreement would take place at Wembley, ruling out other locations.[53] a The league had plans to host a game in China in 2018 with the Los Angeles Rams as the home team against the San Francisco 49ers.[54] However, the game in Germany was scrapped in favor of adding a 4th game in London in 2017. The potential game in China was postponed (the third time the league has postponed playing in China, following failed attempts in 2007 and 2009) to being aimed for the 2019 season to coincide with the league's 100th anniversary.[55][56] The league has indicated that a China game is still not certain because of the lack of a fan base in the country (NFL games are played in the middle of the night in China).[57]
In regard to future games outside London or Mexico, Mark Waller stated in 2017 that the only holdup with games in Germany was what he dubbed "an inventory management thing. How many games do we actually have?"[57]
Potential London team[edit]
Main article: Potential London NFL franchise
The success of the International Series has led the NFL to focus its global expansion aims on the possibility of having a full franchise located in London. While no set timetable has been set, the league is working on a goal of establishing a franchise by around 2021, assuming they have all the necessary arrangements in place. It is believed this would be most likely achieved through relocation of an existing franchise, with the Jaguars most often linked due to their association with the International Series, even though their owner is said to be content with the current arrangement and other franchises have more reason to move (the most often cited being poor on-field performance, lack of fans and uncertainty over stadium leases). The NFL has used some of the specific arrangements for the International Series games as a test bed for predicting how a London franchise could be made effective from a logistical and competitiveness standpoint.[58][59]
See also[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to NFL International Series.
List of National Football League games played outside the United States
American Bowl
Canadian Football League in the United States
References[edit]
Explanatory notes
Jump up ^ The game was broadcast on the CBS affiliates in Buffalo (WIVB-TV) and Jacksonville (WJAX-TV). Everywhere else, the broadcast of the game was exclusively live-streamed globally on Yahoo!
Jump up ^ The game was broadcast on the CBS owned-and-operated stations in New York City (WCBS-TV) and Los Angeles (KCBS-TV). Outside of those areas, the broadcast of the game aired in the United States on the NFL Network.
Jump up ^ The game was simulcast on KGO-TV in the San Francisco Bay Area and KIAH in Houston. Elsewhere, the game was aired on ESPN.
Citations
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^ Jump up to: a b "NFL extends deal to play games at Wembley through 2020". Associated Press. October 22, 2015. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Associated Press. NFL commissioner says Super Bowl may someday be held in London ESPN.com, October 15, 2007.
Jump up ^ Associated Press. 3 AFC, 3 NFC teams named possible 'hosts' in Europe ESPN.com, January 8, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Associated Press. NFL looking closely at expanding to 17 games with international flavor ESPN.com, May 10, 2007.
Jump up ^ NFL opts not to hold second game in UK in 2010.
Jump up ^ Zimmerman, Brandon (August 28, 2013). "NFL Banking On 'Passion' Of U.K. Fans To Make London Expansion A Success". Sports Business Daily. Retrieved August 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ Kelly, Omar (November 6, 2014). Dolphins will host New York Jets in London in 2015. South Florida Sun-Sentinel. Retrieved November 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ "NFL owners OK games in Britain through 2016 - ESPN.com". Espn.go.com. October 11, 2011. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "NFL clubs expand commitment to playing international regular season games". NFL UK. National Football League. Retrieved 7 October 2015.
Jump up ^ Breer, Albert (May 22, 2012). "Five-year extension of Buffalo Bills' Toronto series approved". NFL.com. Retrieved August 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ Associated Press. Bills to play annual regular-season game in Toronto starting next season ESPN.com, February 1, 2008.
Jump up ^ http://www.colts.com/news/article-1/Colts-Are-First-NFL-Team-With-No-Bye-Week-Following-Game-In-London/8849e907-dfdd-46c8-bdf1-9584ce1b3479
Jump up ^ https://athlonsports.com/fantasy/fantasy-football-2017-nfl-bye-week-cheat-sheet
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Jump up ^ Associated Press. Despite poor weather and a sluggish game, the stadium remained packed and in good cheer for the entire match. Dolphins will play Giants in London on Oct. 28 ESPN.com, February 2, 2007.
Jump up ^ NFL UK. ST. LOUIS RAMS TO HOST REGULAR-SEASON GAME IN UNITED KINGDOM IN EACH OF NEXT THREE YEARS NFLUK.com, January 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ "St. Louis Rams will not play in London 2013, 2014". NFL.com. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ Ridge, Joe (November 14, 2012). "West Ham move into pole position for Olympic Stadium after NFL bid is thrown out". Daily Mail. London. Retrieved September 18, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Report: Jags to play games in London". espn.com. ESPN. Associated Press. August 21, 2012. Retrieved August 21, 2012.
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Jump up ^ http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000632878/article/back-to-mexico-texansraiders-to-play-nov-21-in-mexico-city?campaign=tw-nf-sf20452831-sf20452831
Jump up ^ "History to be made in Mexico City". NFL.com. 2005-09-28. Archived from the original on 2006-06-25. Retrieved 2006-08-07.
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^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Goo Goo Dolls to perform at NFL Wembley game". NFL UK. October 12, 2011. Retrieved November 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "NLF London 2012 Pre Game Show "Train" Wembley Stadium". Luke Dudley. October 29, 2012. Retrieved November 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Tinie Tempah, Gene Simmons perform at NFL match". ITV News. September 29, 2013. Retrieved November 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ Garnier, Jesse (September 29, 2013). "NFL gameday splashes across the pond". SF Bay. Retrieved November 4, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c "NFL announces 2014 London dates". Associated Press. ESPN. November 28, 2013. Retrieved November 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ "DEF LEPPARD – NFL Pre-Game – Official Performance Video". DEF LEPPARD. October 8, 2014. Retrieved November 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Little Mix perform before the NFL football game between the Atlanta Falcons and the Detroit Lions at Wembley Stadium, London, Sunday, Oct. 26, 2014". Yahoo! News. October 26, 2014. Retrieved November 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Joss Stone to perform pre-game at Wembley". NFL UK. National Football League. Retrieved November 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Ohio State University Marching Band to perform at Bills v Jags Wembley game". NFL UK. National Football League. Retrieved July 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ Schwab, Frank (June 3, 2015). "Yahoo will broadcast first free global live stream of NFL game". Yahoo! Sports. Retrieved July 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Music legends Madness to perform at Lions-Chiefs NFL game at Wembley". NFL UK. October 29, 2015. Retrieved November 1, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Kansas City Chiefs to host Detroit Lions in London, UK". kcchiefs.com. Kansas City Chiefs. Retrieved November 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ "No chilling this Sunday...". NFL UK. October 21, 2016. Retrieved October 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ Mortensen, Chris. Source: Bills likely to get OK to play game in Toronto ESPN.com, January 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ Fahey, Cian (January 28, 2011). Croke Park Director addresses the NFL's visit to Ireland. Irish Central. Retrieved August 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ Harris, Rob (July 12, 2013). "England's Fulham bought by owner of NFL's Jaguars". Yahoo! Sports. Retrieved July 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Rams, owner Stan Kroenke assert St. Louis better off as 2-sport city in Los Angeles relocation application". Retrieved 6 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Kaboly, Mark (18 March 2016). "Steelers could give up home game to play internationally". Triblive.com. Retrieved 13 Jun 2016.
Jump up ^ Labriola, Bob (26 March 2016). "Asked and Answered: March 26". Steelers.com. Retrieved 13 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "NFL ponders second UK game option". BBC News. May 13, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Murrayfield is game for NFL". Edinburgh Evening News. April 3, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000645937/article/nfl-could-play-in-germany-by-2017-china-by-2018
Jump up ^ Marvez, Alex (March 23, 2015). "NFL considering Brazil to host 2017 Pro Bowl". Fox Sports. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ Soshnick, Scott (May 19, 2016). The NFL Pro Bowl Is Moving to Orlando. Bloomberg. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ http://espn.go.com/nfl/story/_/id/8286397/report-jacksonville-jaguars-play-multiple-home-games-london-starting-2013
Jump up ^ https://www.turfshowtimes.com/2016/7/12/12165394/los-angeles-rams-2018-china-san-francisco-49ers
Jump up ^ http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000818077/article/nfl-aiming-to-potentially-play-game-in-china-in-2019
Jump up ^ http://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/19773105/nfl-scraps-plans-hold-china-game-2018-eyes-2019
^ Jump up to: a b Breer, Albert (September 21, 2017). Game Plan: NFL Believes London is Ready for Team; 2022 Target is Doable. SI.com. Retrieved October 1, 2017.
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Jump up ^ Campbell, Dave and John Krawczynski (May 7, 2012). Vikings in limbo and expansion not on NFL's radar. Associated Press. Retrieved May 7, 2012.
External links[edit]
Official NFL International Series Web site
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Flag Day
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Flag day (disambiguation).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Stamp celebrating 50th Flag Day of the Faroe Islands
A flag day is a flag-related holiday, a day designated for flying a certain flag (such as a national flag) or a day set aside to celebrate a historical event such as a nation's adoption of its flag.
Flag days are usually codified in national statutes; however, in some countries a decree by the head of state can also order a flag day. The statute or decree may specify locations where flags are flown and how are they flown (for example, at full- or half-staff); alternatively, custom may prevail.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Specific flag days
2 See also
3 Notes
4 External links
Specific flag days[edit]
Country
Date
Details
Afghanistan August 19 Independence day, 1919.
Albania November 28 Independence day, 1443, then again, 1912.
American Samoa April 17 Commemorates the date American Samoa became a US territory and first flew the US flag in 1900, as well as the date of adoption of the American Samoan flag in 1960.
Argentina June 20 Flag Day. Anniversary of the death of Manuel Belgrano, who created the current flag.
Aruba March 18 Flag day. Adoption of the national flag on March 18, 1976.
Australia September 3 Australian National Flag Day commemorates the first flying of the Australian National Flag in 1901.
Azerbaijan November 9 State Flag Day, was officially established on November 9, 2009,[2] for the commemoration of the adoption of the Flag of Azerbaijan on November 9, 1918.[3]
Åland Last Sunday of April Commemorates adoption of the Åland flag. (April 30, 2017; April 29, 2018; April 28, 2019; April 26, 2020)
Bolivia August 17 Flag Day in Bolivia. Commemorates of the creation of the first national flag.
Brazil November 19 Flag Day in Brazil; adopted in 1889
Canada
February 15
National Flag of Canada Day commemorates adoption of the Canadian flag, Feb. 15, 1965.
Colombia July 20
August 7 Declaration of Independence (1810) (Celebrated as National Day); Battle of Boyaca (1819)
Curaçao July 2 Dia di Bandera ("Day of the Flag"). Adoption of the national flag on 2 July 1984.
Denmark June 15 Valdemarsdag, the anniversary of King Valdemar's victory in the Battle of Lyndanisse (present day Tallinn, Estonia) in 1219, where according to legend, the Dannebrog fell from the sky. It is also the anniversary of the return of North Slesvig in 1920 to Denmark following the post-World War I plebiscite.
Ecuador September 26 "Day of the National Flag" ("Dia de la Bandera Nacional"). Date when the tricolour was reinstated in 1860, two days
Estonia June 4 "Eesti lipu päev" (National Flag Day). Date when the Flag of Estonia was consecrated in 1884.[4]
European Union May 9 Europe Day commemorates the Schuman Declaration.
Finland Midsummer's Day "Suomen lipun päivä", "Finlands flaggas dag" ("Day of Finland's flag") celebrated annually since 1934. There are also several other flag days in Finland. Celebrated on the Saturday in June 20–26 (June 24, 2017; June 23, 2018; June 22, 2019; June 20, 2020).
Faroe Islands April 25 The British occupation of the Faroe Islands during World War II led to the adoption of the Merkið that day in 1940.
Georgia January 14 საქართველოს სახელმწიფო დროშის დღე (sak'art'velos sakhelmts'ip'o droshis dghe, "Day of the State Flag of Georgia"), (2004).[5]
Greece October 27 "Ημέρα της σημαίας (imera tis simeas,"Day of the Flag")
Haiti May 18 Commemorates the creation of Haiti's flag at the 1803 Arcahaye Conference.
Honduras September 1 Commemorates the introducing of their first leader on Lake Yojoa.
Hungary March 16 The day after the 1848 revolution in Pest-Buda.
India December 7 Armed Forces Flag Day honours the soldiers, airmen and sailors of India. The Armed Forces Flag Day or the Flag Day of India is a day dedicated towards collection of funds from people of India for the welfare of the Indian Armed Forces personnel. It has been observed annually in India on December 7 since 1949. Over the years, it has become a tradition to commemorate this day as an honour to the soldiers, airmen and sailors of India.
Ireland April 24 (1916 date) / Easter Monday The 'Easter Rising Commemoration' (Comóradh Éirí Amach na Cásca) commemorates the beginning of the Easter Rising of 1916. An army parade on O'Connell Street in Dublin is attended by the President of Ireland, the Taoiseach and other government ministers. The Irish 'tricolour' was adopted by the rebels of 1916.
Italy January 7 Festa del tricolore ("Festival of the Tricolour") commemorates adoption of the Italian flag in 1797.
Kurdistan December 17 Kurdish flag day is an unofficial holiday associated with the Kurdish independence movement.
Liberia August 24 Flag day The holiday was first observed in an 1847 convention, when the founding fathers approved the flag's design along with establishing the new republic.[6]
Lithuania January 1 Vėliavos diena ("Flag's day") commemorates raising of the Lithuanian flag on Gediminas' Tower in 1919.
Macedonia Every 1st and 15th day of each month. Ден на македонското знаме (Den na makedonskoto zname, "Day of the Macedonian Flag"). Every 1st and 15th day of each month, the flag is changed in special ceremony. This celebrates the adoption of the flag.[7]
Mexico February 24
Moldova April 27
Norway May 17 Celebration of the Norwegian Constitution, signed on 17 May 1814. Now the national day of Norway.
Pakistan August 11 The National Assembly adopted the country's flag on this day.
Panama November 4 An annual public holiday in Panama that forms a bridge holiday between Separation Day and Colon Day.
Paraguay May 14 The real date of the independence of Paraguay from Spain in 1811. Celebration continues the next main day, Independence Day.
Peru June 7 Commemorates the anniversary of the Battle of Arica and the sacrifice of Alfonso Ugarte.
Philippines May 28 Araw ng Watawat ("Flag Day"), the anniversary of the 1898 Battle of Alapan where the flag was first used. Display of the flag in all places until Independence Day is encouraged, provided it follows Republic Act 8491.[8]
Poland May 2 A holiday introduced in 2004, a day between the feasts of the 1st (International Workers' Day) and 3rd May (May 3rd Constitution Day).
Portugal December 1 A holiday introduced in 1910, it commemorates raising the flag on Restauradores Square on the anniversary of Restoration of Independence.
Romania June 26 A holiday introduced in 1998, it celebrates Decree No. 1 of the Wallachian Provisional Government, which made the blue-yellow-red tricolour the national flag.
Russia August 22 Commemorates raising of the present flag over the Russian Supreme Soviet building after a 1991 coup attempt.
Slovenia April 7 Commemorates the anniversary of the first raising of the national flag in 1848 at Wolfova Street 8, Ljubljana.
Sweden June 6 Svenska flaggans dag ("Day of the Swedish Flag"), observed since the late 19th century. Also the National Day of Sweden since 1983.
Sri Lanka February 4 Independence Day ("National Day of the Sri Lanka Flag"), The independence day of Sri Lanka is a great national occasion celebrated with parades and pageants combined with the spirit of patriotism and national pride. National Day of Sri Lanka since 1948.
Thailand September 28 วันพระราชทานธงชาติไทย (Wan Pra Raj Cha Tan Thong Chad Thai, "Thai National Flag Day") The day of King Vajiravudh (Rama VI) adopted to use the flag in 1917. Announce on September 20, 2016 by cabinet of Thailand[9]
Turkmenistan February 19 Commemorates the adoption of the nation's first flag after gaining independence from the Soviet Union.
Ukraine August 23 День Державного прапора (Den Derzhavnoho prapora, "National Flag Day") commemorates the adoption of the Ukrainian flag; observed since 2004.[10]
UAE November 3 Flag Day is celebrated on the day Sheikh Khalifa became President in 2004. It also commemorates the founders of the state, Sheikh Zayed and Sheikh Rashid. The UAE flag was adopted in a different day on December 2, 1971.
United Kingdom
England
Scotland
Wales
Northern Ireland
November 1
April 23
November 30
March 1
March 17
All Saints' Day
St. George's Day
St. Andrew's Day
St. David's Day
St. Patrick's Day
United States June 14 Flag Day Commemorates adoption of the U.S. flag on June 14, 1777.
Vietnam March 11 Flag Day Independence day (Day of the National Flag), 1945.[11]
Venezuela August 3 Commemorates the first raising of the flag by Francisco de Miranda in Venezuelan soil, 1806. Formerly on March 12.
See also[edit]
Holidays portal
National Day
Republic Day
Public holiday
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Gammage, Jeff (June 14, 2008). "Flag Day loses importance but lives on in Phila". Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on June 20, 2008. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Azerbaijan sets National Flag Day". Today.az. Retrieved May 22, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Azerbaijan marks National Flag Day". Today.az. November 9, 2012. Retrieved November 14, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Estonian Holidays in 2010". Estonian Foreign Ministry. Archived from the original on January 6, 2011. Retrieved December 19, 2010.
Jump up ^ (in Georgian) საქართველოს ორგანული კანონი საქართველოს სახელმწიფო დროშის შესახებ ("Law of Georgia on the State Flag of Georgia"). January 14, 2004. Parliament of Georgia. Accessed January 14, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Liberia Flag Day | Article about Liberia Flag Day by The Free Dictionary". encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
Jump up ^ Macedonia got Flag Day Archived July 22, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. – Macedonian
Jump up ^ Philippine Republic Act No. 8491 Chan Robles (www.chanrobles.com). Retrieved on 2013-05-07.
Jump up ^ (in Thai) การฉลองครบรอบ 100 ปี การประกาศใช้ธงไตรรงค์ เป็นธงชาติไทย Retrieved April 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ukraine celebrates National Flag Day Archived October 7, 2013, at the Wayback Machine., Xinhua News Agency (23 August 2012)
Ceremony of hoisting Ukraine's national flag held at presidential administration, Kyiv Post (23 August 2011)
Україна відзначає День Державного прапора On Tuesday, August 23, all of Ukraine celebrates National Flag Day. Measures to raise the national flag are planned throughout the country., 1+1 (23 August 2011)
Jump up ^ "Vietinfo - Vua Bảo Đại đã công bố bản Tuyên Ngôn Độc Lập?". vietinfo.eu. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
External links[edit]
Media related to Flag day at Wikimedia Commons
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flag_Day&oldid=837834988"
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Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
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Secretary of State for
Northern Ireland
Royal Arms as used by Her Majesty's Government
Incumbent
Karen Bradley
since 8 January 2018
Northern Ireland Office
Style
The Right Honourable
(Formal prefix)
Northern Ireland Secretary
Residence
Hillsborough Castle
Appointer
Elizabeth II
Precursor
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
Governor of Northern Ireland
Inaugural holder
William Whitelaw
Formation
24 March 1972
Website
www.nio.gov.uk/
Northern Ireland
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
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Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, informally known as the Northern Ireland Secretary (Irish: Rúnaí Stáit Thuaisceart Éireann[1][2]), is the principal secretary of state in Her Majesty's Government with responsibilities for Northern Ireland. The Secretary of State is a Minister of the Crown who is accountable to the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is the chief minister in the Northern Ireland Office. As with other ministers, the position is appointed by the British monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister.
The position is normally described simply as 'the Secretary of State' by residents of Northern Ireland.
Formerly holding a large portfolio over home affairs in Northern Ireland, the current devolution settlement has lessened the Secretary of State's role, granting many of the former powers to the Northern Ireland Assembly and Northern Ireland Executive. The Secretary of State is now generally limited to representing Northern Ireland in the UK cabinet, overseeing the operation of the devolved administration and a number of reserved and excepted matters which remain the sole competence of the UK Government e.g. security, human rights, certain public inquiries and the administration of elections.[3]
Created in 1972, the position has switched between Members of Parliament from the Conservative Party and Labour Party. As Labour has not fielded candidates in Northern Ireland and the Conservatives have not had candidates elected to Northern Ireland Assembly or for House of Commons seats in the province, those appointed as Secretary of State for Northern Ireland have not represented a constituency in Northern Ireland. This contrasts with the Secretary of State for Scotland and the Secretary of State for Wales.
The Secretary of State resides in Hillsborough Castle, the previous residence of the Governor and the official government and royal residence in Northern Ireland, and exercises their duties through the Northern Ireland Office.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 List of office holders
3 See also
4 Notes
History[edit]
Historically, the principal ministers for Irish (and subsequently Northern Ireland) affairs in the UK Government and its predecessors were:
the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (c.1171–1922);
the Chief Secretary for Ireland (1560–1922); and
the Home Secretary (1922–1972).[4]
In August 1969, for example, Home Secretary James Callaghan approved the sending of British Army soldiers to Northern Ireland.[5] Scotland and Wales were represented by the Secretary of State for Scotland and Secretary of State for Wales from 1885 and 1965 respectively but Northern Ireland remained separate, due to the devolved Northern Ireland Government and Northern Ireland Parliament.
The office of Secretary of State for Northern Ireland was created after the Northern Ireland government (at Stormont) was first suspended and then abolished following widespread civil strife. The British government was increasingly concerned that Stormont was losing control of the situation. On 30 March 1972, direct rule from Westminster was introduced.[6] The Secretary of State filled three roles which existed under the previous Stormont regime:[7]
the Governor of Northern Ireland (the nominal head of the executive and representative of the British monarch)
the Prime Minister of Northern Ireland (now filled by the First Minister of Northern Ireland and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland acting jointly)
the Minister of Home Affairs (now filled by the Minister of Justice).
Direct rule was seen as a temporary measure, with a power-sharing devolution preferred as the solution, and was annually renewed by a vote in Parliament.
The Sunningdale Agreement in 1973 resulted in a brief, power-sharing Northern Ireland Executive, from 1 January 1974, which was ended by the loyalist Ulster Workers' Council strike on 28 May 1974. The strikers opposed the power-sharing and all-Ireland aspects of the new administration.
The Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention (1975–1976) and Northern Ireland Assembly (1982–1986) were unsuccessful in restoring devolved government. After the Anglo-Irish Agreement on 15 November 1985, the UK Government and Irish Government co-operated more closely on security and political matters.
Following the Belfast Agreement (also known as the Good Friday Agreement) on 10 April 1998, devolution returned to Northern Ireland on 2 December 1999. This removed many of the duties of the Secretary of State and his Northern Ireland Office colleagues and devolved them to locally elected politicians, constituting the Northern Ireland Executive.
The devolved administration was suspended several times (especially between 15 October 2002 and 8 May 2007) because the Ulster Unionist Party and Democratic Unionist Party were uncomfortable being in government with Sinn Féin when the Provisional Irish Republican Army had failed to decommission its arms fully and continued its criminal activities. On each of these occasions, the responsibilities of the ministers in the Executive then returned to the Secretary of State and his ministers. During these periods, in addition to administration of the region, the Secretary of State was also heavily involved in the negotiations with all parties to restore devolved government.
Power was again devolved to the Northern Ireland Assembly on 8 May 2007. The Secretary of State retained responsibility for policing and justice until most of those powers were devolved on 12 April 2010.[8]
List of office holders[edit]
Colour key
Conservative Labour
Name
Portrait
Term of office
Political party
Prime Minister
William Whitelaw 24 March 1972 2 December 1973 Conservative Edward Heath
Francis Pym 2 December 1973 4 March 1974 Conservative
Merlyn Rees 5 March 1974 10 September 1976 Labour Harold Wilson
Roy Mason 10 September 1976 4 May 1979 Labour James Callaghan
Humphrey Atkins 5 May 1979 14 September 1981 Conservative Margaret Thatcher
James Prior 14 September 1981 11 September 1984 Conservative
Douglas Hurd 11 September 1984 3 September 1985 Conservative
Tom King 3 September 1985 24 July 1989 Conservative
Peter Brooke 24 July 1989 10 April 1992 Conservative
John Major
Sir Patrick Mayhew 10 April 1992 2 May 1997 Conservative
Mo Mowlam 3 May 1997 11 October 1999 Labour Tony Blair
Peter Mandelson 11 October 1999 24 January 2001
Labour
John Reid 25 January 2001 24 October 2002 Labour
Paul Murphy 24 October 2002 6 May 2005 Labour
Peter Hain
(also Welsh Secretary) 6 May 2005 27 June 2007 Labour
Shaun Woodward 28 June 2007 11 May 2010 Labour Gordon Brown
Owen Paterson 12 May 2010 4 September 2012 Conservative David Cameron
(Coalition)
Theresa Villiers 4 September 2012 14 July 2016 Conservative
David Cameron
(II)
James Brokenshire 14 July 2016 8 January 2018 Conservative Theresa May
Karen Bradley 8 January 2018 Incumbent Conservative
See also[edit]
First Minister of Northern Ireland
Great Seal of Northern Ireland
Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
Secretary of State (United Kingdom)
Secretary of State for Scotland
Secretary of State for Wales
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Affairs, Department of Foreign. "Buaileann an Tánaiste le Rúnaí Stáit Thuaisceart Éireann - An Roinn Gnóthaí Eachtracha agus Trádála". www.dfa.ie.
Jump up ^ "'Níl sé de cheart ag Brokenshire an Riail Dhíreach a thabhairt ar ais agus ní ghlacfaimis léi' – Sinn Féin".
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 17 September 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2010.
Jump up ^ "Home Office". National Archives Catalogue. National Archives. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
Jump up ^ Melaugh, Martin. "The Deployment of British Troops – 14 August 1969". Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN). University of Ulster. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
Jump up ^ Melaugh, Martin. "A Chronology of the Conflict – 1972". Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN). University of Ulster. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Northern Ireland (Temporary Provisions) Act 1972" (PDF). legislation.gov.uk.
Jump up ^ Mark Simpson (12 April 2010). "New era for policing and justice in Northern Ireland". BBC News. Retrieved 11 April 2010.
[show]
v
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Northern Ireland Office
Headquarters: 11 Millbank, London and Stormont House, Belfast
Secretary of State
Karen Bradley
Under-Secretary of State
Shailesh Vara
Lord Duncan of Springbank
Advocate General
Jeremy Wright
[show]
v
t
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Secretaries of State for Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland Office
Whitelaw
Pym
Rees
Mason
Atkins
Prior
Hurd
King
Brooke
Mayhew
Mowlam
Mandelson
Reid
Murphy
Hain*
Woodward
Paterson
Villiers
Brokenshire
Bradley
*Also held Secretary of State for Wales
Opposition Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
[show]
v
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Cabinet of the United Kingdom
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Prime Minister / First Lord of the Treasury
Chancellor of the Exchequer / Second Lord of the Treasury
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