text:
I Hear You Knocking
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Not to be confused with the Lazy Lester song by the same name.
"I Hear You Knocking"
Single by Smiley Lewis
B-side
"Bumpity Bump"
Released
July 1955 (1955-07)
Format
10-inch 78 rpm & 7-inch 45 rpm records
Recorded
1955
Studio
J&M Studio, New Orleans, Louisiana
Genre
New Orleans R&B
Length
2:23
Label
Imperial (no. X5356)
Songwriter(s)
Dave Bartholomew[1]
Producer(s)
Dave Bartholomew
Smiley Lewis singles chronology
"Bells Are Ringing"
(1952) "I Hear You Knocking"
(1955) "One Night"
(1956)
"Bells Are Ringing"
(1952) "I Hear You Knocking"
(1955) "One Night"
(1956)
"I Hear You Knocking" (or "I Hear You Knockin'") is a rhythm and blues song written by Dave Bartholomew. New Orleans rhythm and blues singer Smiley Lewis first recorded the song in 1955. The lyrics tell of the return of a former lover who is rebuffed and Huey "Piano" Smith provided the prominent piano accompaniment in the style associated with Fats Domino.
"I Hear You Knocking" reached number two on the Billboard R&B singles chart in 1955, making it Lewis's most popular and best-known song. Subsequently, numerous artists have recorded it, including Welsh singer and guitarist Dave Edmunds, whose version reached number one in the UK for six weeks in 1970 and was in the top 10 in several other countries.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Original song
3 First cover versions
4 Dave Edmunds version
5 Chart performance
5.1 Weekly charts
5.2 Year-end charts
6 Other recorded versions
7 See also
8 References
Background[edit]
Several earlier blues and R&B songs use lyrics similar to "I Hear You Knocking".[2] James "Boodle It" Wiggins recorded an upbeat piano blues in 1928 titled "Keep A Knockin' An You Can't Get In" (Paramount 12662),[3] which repeated the title in the lyrics. It was followed by songs that used similar phrases, including "You Can't Come In", by Bert M. Mays (1928, Vocalion 1223); "Keep On Knocking", by Lil Johnson (1935); "Keep a Knocking", by Milton Brown & His Brownies (1936); and "Keep Knocking (But You Can't Come In)", by Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys (1938, Columbia 20228). None of these early singles listed a songwriter or composer.
However, when popular jump blues bandleader Louis Jordan and his Tympany Five recorded the song as "Keep A-Knockin'" in 1939 (Decca 7609), the single's credits listed "Mays-Bradford" (Bert Mays and Perry Bradford). in 1957, Little Richard recorded it with "R. Penniman", Richard's legal name, listed as the writer, although Bert Mays and J. Mayo Williams were later credited as songwriters.[2] Beginning with his signing by the Los Angeles–based Imperial Records in 1950, Smiley Lewis was one of the main proponents of the emerging New Orleans rhythm and blues style, along with Fats Domino, Lloyd Price, Dave Bartholomew, and Professor Longhair.
Original song[edit]
Smiley Lewis recorded "I Hear You Knocking" with Dave Bartholomew's band at J&M Studios in New Orleans, owned by Cosimo Matassa. Bartholomew is listed as the producer and songwriter, along with Pearl King (a Bartholomew pseudonym; the maiden name of his wife). "I Hear You Knocking" uses a modified twelve-bar blues arrangement, in which the progression to the IV chord is repeated:[4]
I I I I7 IV IV I I7 IV IV V V
It has been notated in 4/4 time in the key of C with a moderate tempo.[5] Instrumentally, the song is dominated by piano triplets in the style of Fats Domino, played by Huey "Piano" Smith.[6] The lyrics echo some of the lines from the earlier songs:
You went away and left me long time ago
Now you're comin' back knockin' on my door
I hear you knockin', but you can't come in
I hear you knockin', go back where you been
"I Hear You Knocking" was released as a single by Imperial Records in 1955 and entered the charts on September 6.[7] It spent eighteen weeks on the chart and reached number two.[7]
First cover versions[edit]
In the 1950s, it was a common practice in the record industry for pop artists to re-record (or "cover") popular R&B songs.[8] Well-known early examples include Big Joe Turner's "Shake, Rattle and Roll", which was re-recorded by Bill Haley & His Comets, and Fats Domino's "Ain't That a Shame", which was covered by Pat Boone.[9] In some cases, cover versions far outsold the originals[10] and prevented them from entering the pop chart or "crossing over". This was the case with "I Hear You Knocking".[11] A recording of the song by actress and pop singer Gale Storm also in 1955 (Dot 15412) reached number two on the Billboard pop chart and number three on the Cash Box Best-Selling Record chart and became a gold record. Blues researcher Bill Dahl noted that "Storm swiped his [Lewis's] thunder for any crossover possibilities with her ludicrous whitewashed cover of the plaintive ballad".[11] Bartholomew expressed his disappointment,[12] reportedly leading him to refer to Lewis as a "'bad luck singer', because he never sold more than 100,000 copies of his Imperial singles".[11] English singer Jill Day also recorded the song in 1956, as did Connie Francis in 1959. In 1961, Bartholomew produced Fats Domino's successful remake of the song, also for Imperial.
Dave Edmunds version[edit]
"I Hear You Knocking"
Single by Dave Edmunds
B-side
"Black Bill"
Released
November 1970 (1970-11)
Format
7-inch 45 rpm record
Studio
Rockfield Studios, Monmouthshire
Genre
Blues rock
Length
2:48
Label
MAM
Songwriter(s)
Dave Bartholomew, Pearl King
Producer(s)
Dave Edmunds
Dave Edmunds singles chronology
"I Hear You Knocking"
(1970) "I'm Comin' Home"
(1971)
"I Hear You Knocking"
(1970) "I'm Comin' Home"
(1971)
Welsh singer and guitarist Dave Edmunds recorded "I Hear You Knocking" in 1970 at Rockfield Studios in Monmouthshire.[13] Whereas Lewis's original recording is a piano-driven R&B piece with a 12/8 shuffle feel, Edmunds' version features prominent guitar lines and a stripped-down, straight-quaver rock-and-roll approach.[14] In an interview, John Lennon commented, "Well, I always liked simple rock. There's a great one in England now, 'I Hear You Knocking'".[15]
Edmunds plays all the instruments (except possibly bass) and AllMusic writer Stephen Thomas Erlewine suggests that the song "has a mechanical rhythm and a weird, out-of-phase vocal that qualifies as an original interpretation".[16] Edmunds uses fills and a solo played on slide guitar, and during the instrumental break he shouts out the names of several 1950s recording artists: "Fats Domino, Smiley Lewis, Chuck Berry, Huey Smith!".[12] The production is notable for its use of heavy compression on nearly all tracks, and for its minimalist piano part, consisting of one chord (an augmented dominant C7) played only twice. The vocal was piped in through a telephone line.[13]
In December 1970, "I Hear You Knocking" reached number one in the UK, including the Christmas number one slot, and topped the UK Singles Chart for six weeks.[17] It also placed in the top 10 in several other countries, including number four on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 in 1971.[18] It sold over three million copies, and was awarded a gold disc.[19]
Edmunds had originally planned to record a cover of "Let's Work Together" by Wilbert Harrison, but had to reconsider when he heard a version that had been recorded by Canned Heat. He later recalled: "Then an album of Smiley Lewis was released on United Artists in Britain, and they played "I Hear You Knocking" on the radio in Britain while I was driving along. I thought, Hang on, the two songs have identical format. You could use the same backing track for both songs. It's just a simple 12-bar thing. So I thought, I'll do that."[20] The song would later be included on his 1972 first solo album Rockpile.
Chart performance[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1970-71)
Peak
position
Australia KMR [21] 4
Canada RPM 3
New Zealand [22] 3
UK [23] 1
U.S. Billboard Hot 100 [24] 4
U.S. Cash Box Top 100 4
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1971)
Rank
Australia [21] 20
Canada [25] 46
UK [26] 36
U.S. Billboard Hot 100 [27] 81
U.S. Cash Box [28] 35
Other recorded versions[edit]
Examples of notable musicians who have recorded "I Hear You Knocking" include:[29]
Bryan Adams
Chris Bailey
Roy Buchanan
Clifton Chenier
Fats Domino (1961)
Fair Weather
Andy Fairweather-Low
Screamin' Jay Hawkins
Wynonna Judd (2009)
Pee Wee King
Kingfish
Alvin Lee
Jerry Lee Lewis
Craig McLachlan
Rockin' Dopsie (1984)
Showaddywaddy (2002)
Bruce Springsteen
Status Quo (1990)
Shakin' Stevens (1970)
The Strypes
Billy Swan (1975)
Thunder
Joe Turner
Mac Wiseman
Edward Gamblin
Václav Neckář (Pár dnů prázdnin)
See also[edit]
List of number-one singles from the 1970s (UK)
List of number-one singles of 1970 (Ireland)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Lewis's single (see image) credited only Bartholomew as the songwriter.
^ Jump up to: a b Birnbaum, Larry (2012). Before Elvis: The Prehistory of Rock 'n' Roll. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. p. 338. ISBN 978-0-8108-8629-2.
Jump up ^ Sliwicki, Susan. "James Wiggins Came 'Knocking' Long Before Little Richard Did". Goldminemag.com. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ "I Hear You Knocking, by Smiley Lewis". Musicnotes.com. Alfred Publishing. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ Lewis' 1955 recording is in the key of E.
Jump up ^ According to Matassa, "Most people think Fats Domino played his own piano but he didn't always. Huey 'Piano' Smith did the piano work on many of Fats' records. He also did the piano intro on Smiley Lewis's 'I Hear You Knockin'". Aswell, Tom (2010). Louisiana Rocks!: The True Genesis of Rock and Roll. Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican Publishing. p. 21. ISBN 978-1-58980-677-1.
^ Jump up to: a b Whitburn, Joel (1988). Top R&B Singles 1942–1988. Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin: Record Research. p. 256. ISBN 0-89820-068-7.
Jump up ^ Cover versions "capitalize[d] on the ethnic divide in American radio". Shuker, Roy (2012). Popular Music Culture: The Key Concepts (3rd. ed.). New York City: Routledge. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-415-59866-8.
Jump up ^ Sagolla, Lisa Jo (2011). Rock 'n' Roll Dances of the 1950s. Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-313-36557-7.
Jump up ^ "Cover versions ... taking the dominant share of the record market." Caves, Richard E. (2000). Creative Industries: Contracts Between Art and Commerce. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 300. ISBN 978-0-674-00164-0.
^ Jump up to: a b c Dahl, Bill (1996). Erlewine, Michael, ed. All Music Guide to the Blues. San Francisco: Miller Freeman Books. p. 165. ISBN 0-87930-424-3.
^ Jump up to: a b Wirt, John (2014). Huey "Piano" Smith and the Rocking Pneumonia Blues. Louisiana State University Press. pp. 32, 134. ISBN 978-0-8071-5295-9.
^ Jump up to: a b "I Hear You Knocking by Dave Edmunds on Apple Music". itunes.apple.com. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Rolling Stone (2004). "Dave Edmunds". In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian. The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (4th ed.). New York City: Fireside Books. p. 272. ISBN 978-0-7432-0169-8.
Jump up ^ Wenner, Jann (2001). Lennon Remembers. New York City: Verso Books. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-85984-376-5.
Jump up ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (2002). "Dave Edmunds". In Bogdanov, Vladimir; Woodstra, Chris; Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. All Music Guide to Rock: The Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul (3rd. ed.). San Francisco: Backbeat Books. p. 253. ISBN 978-0-87930-653-3.
Jump up ^ "Dave Edmunds – Singles". Official Charts. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Dave Edmunds". Retrieved 3 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Murrells, Joseph (1978). The Book of Golden Discs (2nd ed.). London: Barrie and Jenkins Ltd. p. 278. ISBN 0-214-20512-6.
Jump up ^ "Dave Edmunds : Songwriter Interviews". www.songfacts.com. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b David Kent's "Australian Chart Book 1970-1992" Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "flavour of new zealand - search listener". Flavourofnz.co.nz. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Dave Edmunds – Singles". Official Charts. Retrieved February 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ [Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles 1955-2002]
Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 1971 - UK Music Charts". Uk-charts.top-source.info. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Hits of 1971/Top 100 Songs of 1971". Musicoutfitters.com. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Cash Box YE Pop Singles - 1971". tropicalglen.com. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "I Hear You Knockin' – Song search results". AllMusic. Retrieved February 8, 2014.
Preceded by
"Voodoo Child" by The Jimi Hendrix Experience UK number-one single
(Dave Edmunds version)
28 November 1970 (6 weeks) Succeeded by
"Grandad" by Clive Dunn
[show]
v
t
e
UK Christmas number-one singles in the 1970s
"I Hear You Knocking" (Dave Edmunds, 1970)
"Ernie (The Fastest Milkman in the West)" (Benny Hill, 1971)
"Long Haired Lover from Liverpool" (Jimmy Osmond, 1972)
"Merry Xmas Everybody" (Slade, 1973)
"Lonely This Christmas" (Mud, 1974)
"Bohemian Rhapsody" (Queen, 1975)
"When a Child Is Born" (Johnny Mathis, 1976)
"Mull of Kintyre" (Wings, 1977)
"Mary's Boy Child" (Boney M., 1978)
"Another Brick in the Wall" (Pink Floyd, 1979)
Complete list
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I Hear You Rockin'
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"Queen of Hearts"
"Singing the Blues"
"Almost Saturday Night"
"The Race Is On" with Stray Cats
"Slipping Away"
"Do You Want to Dance"
"The Wanderer"
Related articles
Love Sculpture
Nick Lowe
Rockpile
"And the Night Stood Still"
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text:
Second line (parades)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Members of Social Aid & Pleasure Clubs sponsor "second line" parades where they turn out in their finery
Local Jazz singer Jane Harvey Brown leads the way as grand marshal for a brass band at a second line in the French Quarter in New Orleans
"Sons of Hope and the Annual Parade of the Young Veterans", New Orleans c. 1902
Exuberant dancing in the streets and sidewalks is part of the second line experience
Second line is a tradition in brass band parades in New Orleans, Louisiana. The "main line" or "first line" is the main section of the parade, or the members of the actual club with the parading permit as well as the brass band. Those who follow the band just to enjoy the music are called the "second line." The second line's style of traditional dance, in which participants walk and sometimes twirl a parasol or handkerchief in the air, is called "second lining." It has been called "the quintessential New Orleans art form – a jazz funeral without a body."[1] Another significant difference from so called "jazz funerals" is second line parades usually lack the slow hymns and dirges played at funerals (although this is not a hard rule; some organizations may have the band play something solemn towards the start of the parade in memory of members deceased since their last parade).
Contents
[hide]
1 Origins
2 Second line drumming
3 Modern second lining
3.1 Other places
4 References
5 External links
Origins[edit]
Some scholars believe that second lining has its origins in traditional West African circle dances, where children formed a periphery circle outside the main circle of adult dancers. The dance was brought by slaves to New Orleans, where it became incorporated into processions, such as funerals, forcing the ring to straighten into a line.[2] Others note the similarity of the steps – exaggerated, loosely coordinated strutting – to dances performed in Congo Square by the enslaved given the day off on Sundays. These dances were officially banned for a time because they were deemed threatening to the white inhabitants of the city, and their resurgence in second lining suggests a similar celebration of individual freedom.[3]
After the Civil War, African and African-American traditions came to be merged with the military brass band parade traditions of the Europeans and white Americans. Insurance companies often refused to cover the recently freed formerly enslaved, so African Americans formed into Benevolent Societies and "Social Aid & Pleasure Clubs". Membership benefits usually included a brass band for funerals and at least one public parade with music a year, so such societies became important in establishing the second line traditions.
The Second Line – the magazine of the New Orleans jazz club, started in 1950 – took its name from the second lining tradition, which by that time included fans of jazz music, both black and white.[4]
Second line drumming[edit]
A second line snare drummer commonly follows the brass band, playing off of the marching beat with improvised polyrhythmic figures that can inspire second line dancers or, if the band is improvising, the band itself. Second line drumming styles became a feature of early jazz drumming and the New Orleans Rhythm and Blues of the 1950s. The Rebirth Brass Band and the Dirty Dozen Brass Band feature traditional second line drumming styles. Idris Muhammad adapted second line drum figures to modern jazz.
Modern second lining[edit]
Second line parades are part of the cultural heritage of New Orleans.
The locally best known second line parades are held by clubs and benevolent organizations. Some have long histories; the oldest such organization still holding regular parades is the Young Men Olympian Junior Benevolent Association, founded in 1884. During the "second line season", lasting most of the year with breaks for holidays (including Mardi Gras) and the hottest part of summer, there are second line parades most Sundays.[5] Longer parades often make stops, commonly at bars, where refreshments have been arranged for members and those following the parade for fun can purchase something. There are often vendors selling soft drinks, beer, and street food, including barbecue and yaka mein.
Additional second lines, large or small, may be held for any event which people think merits hiring a parading band for such a style of celebration, including weddings and opening of businesses.
The historic predominantly African-American neighborhoods of Tremé and Central City are most strongly associated with the traditions, though second lines can often be seen in the Seventh Ward, Uptown, Marigny, Ninth Ward, Mid-City, and at least on occasion in most of the older neighborhoods of the city. The New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival holds second lines at the Fair Grounds each day of the festival to give visitors a taste of this New Orleans tradition.
Historically, the parades were unofficial events and sometimes had an air of menace.[6] A second line parade was featured in the 1973 James Bond film Live and Let Die.[7] In 2010, the opening scene in the pilot episode, as well as the season one finale of the HBO series Tremé featured a second line parade[8] and journalists championed second line culture.[6] After Hurricane Katrina, new residents of New Orleans embraced the second line tradition and it became part of the cultural economy of the city.[6] Parade routes were publicized online inviting outsiders to participate.[6]
The overwhelming majority of second line events have been peaceful, but like any other public event where large numbers of people gather, violence has marred some parades in recent years, most notoriously in the gang-related May 12, 2013 Mother's Day Parade shooting where 19 were wounded and one trampled,[9] and again on November 22, 2015, at Bunny Friend Park, where 17 were wounded, three critically.[10]
Other places[edit]
Though originally a New Orleans phenomenon, in recent times the style has spread to other parts of the country; the HONK! Festival in Somerville, MA, was started by The Second Line Social Aid and Pleasure Society Brass Band. Asheville, North Carolina has the "Asheville Second Line Band", which marches at parades and other events in Asheville.[11] Still, second lining remains most common in the New Orleans area.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Baum, Dan. Nine Lives: Death and Life in New Orleans (Spiegel & Grau, 2009), p. 120.
Jump up ^ Richard Brent Turner (11 August 2009). Jazz religion, the second line, and Black New Orleans. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-253-22120-9. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
Jump up ^ Abrahams, Roger D. (2006). Blues for New Orleans: Mardi Gras and America's Creole soul. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 31–2. ISBN 978-0-8122-3959-1. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
Jump up ^ Martin Halliwell (15 March 2007). American culture in the 1950s. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 140–1. ISBN 978-0-7486-1885-9. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
Jump up ^ Cotton, Red. "Tis the season for second-line parades".
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Celebrating, in Spite of the Risk". New York Times. May 14, 2013. Retrieved May 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ accompli (28 October 2009). "Live and Let Die" – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ List of Treme episodes#Season 1 .282010.29
Jump up ^ Mothers Day shooting gang feud related target of authorities, Nola.com', Naomi Martin, May 11, 2014. Retrieved 27 November 2015
Jump up ^ Bunny Friend Park shooting: What we know Monday morning, Nola.com, Danielle Dreilinger, November 23, 2015. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
Jump up ^ Marshall, Alli (February 14, 2015). "First rate Second Line: Asheville's Mardi Gras marching band". Mountain Xpress. Ashville, North Carolina.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Second lines.
Fat City Brass Band, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KdxDDcULwKQ, www.facebook.com/fatcitybrassband
Nick Spitzer, "Rebuilding the 'Land of Dreams:' Expressive Culture and New Orleans' Authentic Future" Southern Spaces, 29 August 2006
Nick Spitzer, "Love and Death at Second Line" Southern Spaces, 20 February 2004.
A Jazz Funeral – including pictures of second-liners
Jazz Times: New Orleans’ Second Lines
The New Orleans Jazz Club
Mardi Gras Digest: History of the Secondline
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List of the largest fast food restaurant chains
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This is the list of the largest fast food restaurant chains by their number of locations in the world.
Name
Number of locations
Revenue
1
SUBWAY 44,228[1] US$11.99 billion (2015)[2]
2
McDonald's 36,899[3] US$25.413 billion (2015)[4]
3
Starbucks 25,085[5] US$ 5.24 billion[6][7]
4
KFC 20,604[8] US$23 billion (2013)
5
Burger King 15,000+ [9]
6
Domino's Pizza 14,200[10]
7
Pizza Hut 13,728 [11]
8
Dunkin' Donuts 11,300[12]
9
Baskin-Robbins 7300[13]
10
Hunt Brothers Pizza 7300[14]
11
Taco Bell 6500[15]
12
Wendy's 6490 [16]
13
Hardee's 5,812[17]
14
Orange Julius 5700[18]
15
Dairy Queen 4800[19]
16
Little Caesars 4800[20]
17
Papa John's Pizza 4700+[21]
18
Tim Hortons 4590[22]
19
CNHLS 4000[23]
20
Sonic Drive-In 3526[24]
21
Sibylla 3500+[25]
22
Arby's 3342[26]
23
Costa Coffee 3277[27]
24
Jollibee 3000+[28] ₱113.91 billion (FY 2016)[29]
25
Jimmy John's 2522[30]
26
Jack in the Box 2267[31]
27
Ting Hsin International Group 2160[32]
28
Chick-fil-A 2100+[33]
29
Applebee's 2033[34]
30
Panera Bread 2024
31
Chipotle Mexican Grill 2010[35]
32
Dicos 2000+[36]
33
Pelicana Chicken 2000+[37]
34
Popeyes Louisiana Kitchen 2000[38]
35
Shanghai Shihao 2000[39]
36
Panda Express 1900[40]
37
Sukiya 1856[41]
38
Pala Hamburger 1850[42]
39
Chester's International 1800+[43]
40
MOS Burger 1730[44]
41
Denny's 1700[45]
42
Church's Chicken 1700[46]
43
IHOP 1650[47]
44
WingStreet 1600~[48]
45
Chili's 1580[49]
46
Café Coffee Day 1556[50] US$ 230 million (2015)
47
Auntie Anne's 1500+[51] US$230 million (2015)
48
Carl's Jr. 1500+[52]
49
Five Guys 1500+[53]
50
Quiznos 1500[54]
51
Papa Murphy's 1425[55]
52
LEM hamburger 1401[56]
53
Ichibanya 1268[57]
54
Long John Silver's 1200+[58]
55
Buffalo Wild Wings 1175[59]
56
Firehouse Subs 1030[60]
57
Kebab Turki Baba Rafi 1030 [61]
58
Telepizza 1025[62]
59
Krispy Kreme 1003[63]
60
Bob's 1000+[64]
61
Jersey Mike's Subs 1000[65]
62
Nando's 1000[66]
63
Chooks-to-Go 1000~[67]
64
Kennedy Fried Chicken 1000[68]
65
Häagen-Dazs 900[69]
66
Jamba Juice 849[70]
67
BreadTalk 836[71]
68
85C Bakery Cafe 800+[72]
69
Sbarro 800+[73]
70
Zaxby's 800+[74]
71
A&W 800[75]
72
Blimpie 790[76]
73
Checkers and Rally's 784[77]
74
Cinnabon 750+[78]
75
Whataburger 735[79]
76
Southern Fried Chicken 700+[80]
77
Wingstop 650[81]
78
Einstein Bros. Bagels 649[82]
79
Bojangles' Famous Chicken 'n Biscuits 600+[83]
80
Moe's Southwest Grill 600+[84]
81
Pizza Pizza 600+[85]
82
Qdoba Mexican Eats 600+[86]
83
Rita's Italian Ice 600+[87]
84
Smoothie King 600+[88]
85
Chuck E. Cheese's 590[89]
86
Pita Pit 588[90]
87
Kungfu 566[91]
88
Del Taco 547[92]
89
Steak 'n Shake 544[93]
90
Culver's 527[94]
91
Steers 525[95]
92
Captain D's 520[96]
93
Da Niang Dumpling 514[97]
94
Brioche Dorée 500+[98]
95
Charley's Grilled Subs 500+[99]
96
Round Table Pizza 500+[100]
97
Shakey's 500+[101]
98
CiCi's Pizza 500[102]
99
Country Style 490[103]
100
Habib's 475+[104]
See also[edit]
List of fast food restaurant chains
Companies portal
Food portal
Lists portal
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Subway's publication. "Explore Our World". Subway's Corporation. Retrieved 2017-06-01.
Jump up ^ "The 20 fast food chains that rake in the most money". Business Inside UK. March 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ McDonald's publication. "McDonald's Corporation 2016 Annual Report Form (10-K)" (PDF). McDonald's Corporation. Retrieved 2017-05-16.
Jump up ^ "McDonald's Corporation 2015 Annual Report Form (10-K)" (XBRL). United States Securities and Exchange Commission. March 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Form 10-K for the Fiscal Year Ended October 2, 2016" (PDF). Starbucks Corporation. Retrieved 2017-06-01.
Jump up ^ "Starbucks Corporation 2013 Fiscal Report, Form 10-K, Filing Date Sept 30,2016". Retrieved September 30, 2016. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "SEC Filings". Starbucks Corporation. March 25, 2016. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "Annual Report 2016" (PDF). Yum! Brands. Retrieved 2017-06-01.
Jump up ^ "Number of Burger King restaurants worldwide from 2009 to 2015". Statista. Retrieved 2016-03-25.
Jump up ^ Domino's 101: Basic Facts
Jump up ^ "Pizza Hut". Yum. Retrieved 2016-03-25.
Jump up ^ Company Snapshot
Jump up ^ SEC filing
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ "OC-Based Restaurant Chains". Orange County Business Journal. 33 (37): 24. July 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ Investor Dashboard
Jump up ^ CKE Restaurants, Inc. Announces Preliminary, Unaudited Fourth Quarter and Full Year Fiscal 2013 Results[permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Orange Julius Application: Jobs, Career Opportunities & Employment
Jump up ^ Dairy Queen CEO: Paying Workers A ‘Fair Wage’ Helps Us
Jump up ^ Little Caesars is back!
Jump up ^ Our Story
Jump up ^ Investor
Jump up ^ Top 10 fast-food chains in China
Jump up ^ Sonic barrier broken
Jump up ^ Sibyllan tarina
Jump up ^ Arby's locations
Jump up ^ [2]
Jump up ^ Acquired tastes
Jump up ^ "Jollibee Foods Corporation 2015 annual report ( FORM 17-A)" (Press release). December 31, 2011.
Jump up ^ The Jimmy John's Story
Jump up ^ Number of Jack in the Box restaurants from 2011 to 2015
Jump up ^ Top 10 fast-food chains in China
Jump up ^ Company Fact Sheet
Jump up ^ Applebee's Locations
Jump up ^ Investor Relations
Jump up ^ In China, Local Dining Chains Bite Into West
Jump up ^ Pelicana Chicken outlet business set to expand Archived 2014-08-21 at WebCite
Jump up ^ Company Overview
Jump up ^ Top 10 fast-food chains in China
Jump up ^ Panda Express Launched With A Small Business Loan. Today Its Founders Are Multi-Billionaires…
Jump up ^ [3]
Jump up ^ Top 10 fast-food chains in China
Jump up ^ Chester’s International Expansion Plans Come Home to Roost
Jump up ^ Corporation Profile
Jump up ^ Denny's Corporation to Present at the Oppenheimer 11th Annual Consumer Conference
Jump up ^ Church's Chicken
Jump up ^ About IHOP®
Jump up ^ [4][permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ The Almanac of American Employers
Jump up ^ A lot can happen over coffee | Cafe Coffee Day
Jump up ^ Auntie Anne’s Prices
Jump up ^ Description
Jump up ^ About Us
Jump up ^ Comparing the sub shops Subway, Jimmy Johns, and Quiznos Alee Tjugum
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-03-24. Retrieved 2016-03-25.
Jump up ^ Top 10 fast-food chains in China
Jump up ^ Company Profile
Jump up ^ Long John Silver’s Prices
Jump up ^ GOP Debate: Buffalo Wild Wings Fans Bite Back at Marco Rubio on Social Media - See more at: https://www.thewrap.com/gop-debate-buffalo-wild-wings-fans-bite-back-at-marco-rubio-on-social-media/#sthash.q8oGBuYD.dpuf
Jump up ^ Our Story
Jump up ^ Baba Rafi
Jump up ^ Loeda, Roberto C. (June 1, 2010). Telepizza entra en Colombia con la adquisición de Jeno's Pizza Alimarket
Jump up ^ Krispy Creme - Corporate Fact Sheet
Jump up ^ AmBev quer desbancar Bob's e McDonald's em número de franquias no país
Jump up ^ Jersey Mike's Subs Opens 1000th Location
Jump up ^ Nando's Worldwide Archived 2013-04-13 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Richard Yap endorses Chooks-to-Go
Jump up ^ Yelp
Jump up ^ 18 biggest fast-food chains in the world
Jump up ^ Value Investors Club
Jump up ^ Financial Statement and Dividend Announcement For The Year Ended 31 December 2013
Jump up ^ Some Salt with Your Coffee? Taiwan's Hot Drink
Jump up ^ About - Sbarro
Jump up ^ [5]
Jump up ^ A&W Canada opens its 800th restaurant, downtown Montréal
Jump up ^ Blimpie - Hours, Locations[permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Checkers and Rally's Restaurants Inc.
Jump up ^ About Us
Jump up ^ Whataburger Press Room - Press Kit
Jump up ^ Arthur’s Story
Jump up ^ Employment - Wingstop
Jump up ^ America's Top 10 Healthiest Fast Food Restaurants
Jump up ^ It's Bo Time Again in Greenwood As Bojangles' Opens Its Second Restaurant in the Area
Jump up ^ Moe’s Southwest Grill Continues Fast-Paced Growth with Opening of 600th Restaurant
Jump up ^ 17 Best Pizza Chains Around the World (Slideshow)
Jump up ^ Jack in the Box and Qdoba Look Set to Take Down Chipotle
Jump up ^ Rita’s Italian Ice Celebrates “Ice, Custard, Happiness” with Custard’s Exciting Return
Jump up ^ The Story of Smoothie King — Smoothie King
Jump up ^ Press Release
Jump up ^ [6]
Jump up ^ Top 10 fast-food chains in China
Jump up ^ Del Taco Distinguishes Top Franchisees
Jump up ^ "Biglari Holdings 2014 Annual Report" (PDF). Biglari Holdings. Retrieved 2015-12-22.
Jump up ^ Culver’s plans Port Orange restaurant
Jump up ^ STEERS Kimberley CBD in Kimberley
Jump up ^ Captain D’s Kicks off Corporate-Store Development Program
Jump up ^ Top 10 fast-food chains in China
Jump up ^ Groupe Le Duff Archived 2011-09-11 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ About Charley's Grilled Subs
Jump up ^ Round Table Pizza franchising
Jump up ^ About Us
Jump up ^ Grab a plate: Chain will offer pizza 'buffet'
Jump up ^ Food court king buys Country Style
Jump up ^ Sobre a Empresa - Sobre o grupo
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_the_largest_fast_food_restaurant_chains&oldid=818348826"
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text:
Pam Beesly
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Pam Beesly Halpert
The Office character
Jenna Fischer as Pam Halpert
First appearance
"Pilot"
Last appearance
"Finale"
Created by
Greg Daniels
Portrayed by
Jenna Fischer
Information
Full name
Pamela Morgan Beesly[nb 1]
Gender
Female
Occupation
Receptionist, Dunder Mifflin, Scranton PA
(August 2003 - June 2011)
Secret Assistant to the Regional Manager, Dunder Mifflin, Scranton PA
Temporary Worker, Dunder Mifflin Corporate, New York City, NY
Sales Representative, Michael Scott Paper Company
Sales Representative, Dunder Mifflin, Scranton PA
Sales Representative, Dunder Mifflin Sabre, Scranton PA
Office Administrator, Dunder Mifflin Sabre, Scranton PA
Office Administrator, Dunder Mifflin, Scranton PA
Freelance Mural Painter/Art Gallery Owner, Austin TX
Family
William Beesly (father, Rick Overton)
Helene Beesly (mother, Shannon Cochran and Linda Purl)
Penny Beesly (sister, Anna Camp)
Sylvia Beesly (grandmother, Peggy Stewart)
Jocelyn Webster (cousin)
Betsy Halpert (mother-in-law)
Gerald Halpert (father-in-law)
Tom Halpert (brother-in-law)
Pete Halpert (brother-in-law)
Spouse(s)
Jim Halpert (m. 2009)
Significant other(s)
Roy Anderson (ex-fiancé)
Children
Cecelia "CeCe" Marie Halpert[1]
Philip Halpert[1]
Religion
Presbyterian
Nationality
American
Based on
Dawn Tinsley
Pamela Morgan Halpert[nb 1] (née Beesly) is a fictional character on the U.S. television sitcom The Office, played by Jenna Fischer. Her counterpart in the original UK series of The Office is Dawn Tinsley. Her character is initially the receptionist at the paper distribution company Dunder Mifflin, before becoming a saleswoman and eventually office administrator until her termination in the series finale. Her character is shy, growing assertive but amiable, and artistically inclined, and shares romantic interest with Jim Halpert, whom she begins dating in the fourth season and marries and starts a family with as the series continues.
Contents
[hide]
1 Casting and character development
2 Character history
2.1 Seasons 1–3
2.2 Seasons 4–6
2.3 Season 7
2.4 Season 8
2.5 Season 9
3 Coworker relations
3.1 Jim Halpert
3.2 Roy Anderson
3.3 Michael Scott
3.4 Toby Flenderson
4 Appearances
5 Notes
6 References
Casting and character development[edit]
The character was originally created to be very similar to the British counterpart, Dawn Tinsley. Even minute details, such as how Pam wore her hair each day, were considered by executive producer, Greg Daniels.[4]
"When I went in for The Office, the casting director said to me, 'Please look normal'," recalls Jenna Fischer. "Don't make yourself all pretty, and dare to bore me with your audition. Those were her words. Dare to bore me."[5]
Heeding the advice, Fischer said little during the auditions, during which she was interviewed in character by show producers, in an improvisational format, to imitate the show's documentary premise. "My take on the character of Pam was that she didn't have any media training, so she didn't know how to be a good interview. And also, she didn't care about this interview," she told NPR. "So, I gave very short one-word answers and I tried very hard not to be funny or clever, because I thought that the comedy would come out of just, you know, the real human reactions to the situation...and they liked that take on it."[5]
"When I went in to the audition, the first question that they asked me in the character of Pam — they said, 'Do you like working as a receptionist?' I said, 'No.' And that was it. I didn't speak any more than that. And they started laughing."[5]
Fischer found herself creating a very elaborate backstory for the character. For the first few seasons, she kept a list of the character history revealed on-screen by the creators, as well as her own imaginative thoughts on Pam's history.[6] She created a rule with the set's hair and make-up department that it couldn't look as though it took Pam more than 30 minutes to do her hair,[7] and she formulated ideas as to who gave Pam each piece of jewelry she wore [8] or where she went to college.[8] Fischer also carefully crafted Pam's quiet persona. "Well, my character of Pam is really stuck," she explained to NPR. "I mean, she's a subordinate in this office. And so, I think that for her, the only way she can express herself is in the silences, but you can say so much by not saying anything."[5]
Originally meek and passive, the character grew more assertive as the seasons passed, prompting Fischer to reassess her portrayal. "I have to approach Pam differently [now]," she explained in Season 4, a defining season in which her character finally begins a long-awaited relationship with Jim and is accepted into the Pratt Institute. "She is in a loving relationship, she has found her voice, she has started taking art classes. All of these things must inform the character and we need to see changes in the way she moves, speaks, dresses, etc."[6]
Character history[edit]
Seasons 1–3[edit]
At the beginning of the series, Pam and Roy have been dating for eight years and engaged for three years. Their open-ended engagement has become one of Michael's running gags and a sore spot for Pam.
Pam does not want her current job to become permanent, remarking that "I don't think it's many little girls' dream to be a receptionist." Pam is apathetic toward her work, evidenced by her frequent games of FreeCell on her office computer. However, in the pilot episode, she breaks down crying when Michael pulls an ill-advised prank by telling her that she will be fired.
Michael has criticized Pam for simply forwarding calls to voice mail without answering and (in a deleted scene) for not sounding enthusiastic enough when speaking on the telephone. Pam is usually happy to abandon her work if asked to do something else by Jim. She will do extra, unnecessary work (such as making a casket for a dead bird or paper doves for the Office Olympics) to make other people happy.
Despite the abuse she takes from Michael, she never goes any further than calling him a jerk in the pilot. In later seasons, however, she becomes more honest and forward with Michael and will often make sarcastic comments toward him.
While engaged to Roy, Pam denies, or is in denial about, having any romantic feelings for Jim. When Jim confesses his love for her at the Dunder Mifflin "Casino Night" she turns him down. She later talks to her mom on the phone and says Jim is her best friend (though she doesn't say his name), and says "Yeah, I think I am" to an unheard question. She is interrupted by Jim, who enters and kisses her; she responds by kissing back.
Season three marks a turning point for Pam's character: she gains self-confidence and appears less passive and more self-assured as the season progresses. In "Gay Witch Hunt," the season's opener, it is revealed that Pam got cold feet before her wedding and did not marry Roy after all, and that Jim transferred to a different Dunder Mifflin branch, in Stamford, shortly after Pam rejected him a second time, after their kiss. Pam moves into her own apartment, begins taking art classes, a pursuit that Roy had previously dismissed as a waste of time, and buys a new car, a blue Toyota Yaris. Jim returns to Scranton later on as a result of "The Merger", and brings along a female co-worker, Karen Filippelli, whom he begins dating. Jim and Pam appeared to have ended all communication after Jim transfers to the Stamford branch (aside from an episode in which Jim accidentally calls Pam at the end of the work day), and their episodes together following the branch merge are tense, despite both admitting to still harboring feelings for the other during the presence of the documentary cameras.
Meanwhile, Roy vows to win Pam back. Roy's efforts to improve his relationship with Pam are quite successful, but once Pam and Roy are back together, he falls back into old habits almost immediately. When Roy and Pam attend an after work get-together at a local bar with their co-workers, Pam, feeling that she should be more honest with Roy, tells him about Jim kissing her at, "Casino Night." Roy yells, smashes a mirror, and trashes the bar. Pam, frightened and embarrassed by his reaction, breaks up with Roy immediately. Roy vows to kill Jim and in, "The Negotiation", Roy unsuccessfully tries to attack Jim at work (Jim is saved by Dwight's intervention), and is subsequently fired. Pam later reluctantly agrees to meet Roy for coffee at his request, and after the polite but brief meeting, it appears that their relationship has ended amicably with Roy encouraging Pam to pursue Jim.
Pam participates in an art show, but few people attend. Her co-worker, Oscar, brings his partner along who, not knowing that Pam is standing behind him, criticizes her work by proclaiming that "real art requires courage." Oscar then goes on to say that courage isn't one of Pam's strong points. Affected by this statement, Pam tells the documentary crew that she is going to be more honest, culminating in a dramatic coal walk during the next-to-last episode of the season, "Beach Games", and a seemingly sincere speech to Jim in front of the entire office about their relationship. Michael also comes to the art show and reveals his erratically kind heart and loyalty by buying, framing and hanging Pam's drawing of the Dunder Mifflin building in the office. In the season finale, "The Job," she leaves a friendly note in Jim's briefcase and an old memento depicting the 'gold medal' yogurt lid from the Office Olympics, which he sees during an interview for a job at Corporate in New York City. While he is asked how he "would function here in New York", Jim is shown to have his mind back in Scranton, still distracted by the thought of Pam. Jim withdraws his name from consideration and drives back to the office, where he interrupts a talking head Pam is doing for the documentary crew by asking her out for dinner. She happily accepts, visibly moved, abandoning a train of thought about how she would be fine if Jim got the job and never came back to Scranton. Karen quits soon after, becoming the regional manager at Dunder Mifflin's Utica branch.
Seasons 4–6[edit]
In Season 4, Pam retains the assertiveness she developed in the third season. She wears her hair down and has updated her old dowdy wardrobe.
In the season 4 premiere, "Fun Run", Jim and Pam confess that they have started dating after the camera crew catches them kissing. The office ultimately learns of their relationship in "Dunder Mifflin Infinity". In "Chair Model", after teasing Pam about his impending proposal, Jim tells the documentary crew he is not kidding around about an engagement and shows them a ring he bought a week after he and Pam started dating. In the next few episodes, Jim fake-proposes to Pam multiple times. In "Goodbye, Toby", Pam discovers she's been accepted at Pratt Institute, an art and design school in Brooklyn . In an interview later in the episode, Jim announces that he will propose to Pam that evening. Just as Jim is preparing to propose, however, Andy Bernard stands up and makes his own impromptu proposal to Angela. Having had his thunder stolen by Andy, Jim reluctantly puts the ring back in his jacket pocket, leaving Pam visibly disappointed as she was expecting Jim to propose that night.
In the Season 5 premiere, "Weight Loss", Pam begins her three-month course at the Pratt Institute. In this episode, Jim proposes in the pouring rain at a rest stop, saying that he "can't wait". In "Business Trip", Pam learns that she is failing one of her classes and will have to remain in New York another three months to retake it. Although Jim is supportive and tells her he will wait for her to come back "the right way", she ultimately makes the decision to return home, saying that she realized she hated graphic design and missed Scranton. A deleted scene for the episode shows Jim looking through Pam's graphic design projects, which he thinks are "cool", as well as a notebook filled with pencil sketches, which he finds a lot more impressive than her graphic design projects, implying her talents lie in hand-drawn works. In "Two Weeks", Pam agrees to become Michael's first saleswoman in his not-yet-established company, The Michael Scott Paper Co., as a supportive Jim looks on. When David Wallace makes an offer to buy the company Michael negotiates in order to get their jobs at Dunder Mifflin back instead, including adding Pam to the sales team. In "Company Picnic", Pam, after dominating the company volleyball tournament, injures her ankle during a game and is taken to the hospital against her wishes. At the hospital, the camera crew is stationed outside an exam room while a doctor updates Jim and Pam on her condition. There is no audio as the camera shows Jim and Pam embrace, looking shocked and ecstatic. It is implied that she is pregnant and is confirmed in the Season 6 premiere, "Gossip".
Jim and Pam marry early in the season, at Niagara Falls, during the highly anticipated, hour long episode, "Niagara". The ending of the episode, in which their co-workers dance down the aisle, is an imitation of a viral YouTube video — JK Wedding Entrance Dance.[9] Following the wedding, a multi-episode story arc begins in which it is revealed that Michael hooked up with Pam's mother the night of the wedding. The two break up during "Double Date", an episode that ends with Pam slapping Michael in response to his actions.
In "The Delivery" of Season 6, Pam and Jim have their first child, a daughter named Cecelia Marie Halpert. Jenna Fischer was granted naming rights by show producers, and chose to name her after her own niece.[10]
Season 7[edit]
In "Counseling", Pam feels inadequate about her poor performance in sales and tricks Gabe into promoting her to a phony new salaried position called office administrator. In "China", Pam tries to use her authority as office administrator to force building manager Dwight to stop his annoying cost-cutting measures. Pam threatens to move the office to a new building, which Dwight discovers doesn't exist. Pam saves face, however, when Dwight secretly has his assistant provide her with a book on building regulations that proves Dwight's measures were not allowed. The episode is another example of Dwight's covert protectiveness and fondness for Pam (as previously demonstrated in "The Injury", "Back from Vacation", "The Job" and "Diwali"); Mindy Kaling said during an online Q&A session that Dwight has a soft spot for her that he does not extend to anyone else at the office. She also uses her position to buy Erin Hannon an expensive desk top computer to replace the terrible one she had to use for years, as well as discreetly giving Andy a new computer, and giving Daryll three sick days. At the end of the episode she proudly says that she is, "Full on corrupt."
In "Goodbye, Michael", Pam almost misses saying good-bye to Michael, as she spends most of the day out of the office trying to price shredders. Jim figures out Michael's plan to leave early and tells her by text. Pam reaches the airport in time and is the last person to see Michael before he leaves.
Season 8[edit]
At the beginning of Season 8, Pam is revealed to be pregnant with her and Jim's second child, Philip Halpert. The child coincided with Jenna Fischer's actual pregnancy. She begins her maternity leave after "Gettysburg". Pam returns in "Jury Duty", where she and Jim bring Cece and Phillip into the office. In both "Tallahassee" and "Test the Store" Pam is shown helping, and developing her friendship with Andy.
Season 9[edit]
Early in season 9, Jim is restless about his life in Scranton and helps a friend start a Sports Marketing business, Athlead, in Philadelphia but he keeps it a secret from Pam until the third episode "Andy's Ancestry". Although Pam is happy for his decision, she is concerned about the fact that he had kept it a secret from her and she is later disturbed to hear about just how much of their money he had invested. Jim begins spending part of each work week in Philadelphia, but in "Customer Loyalty", the strain of this on Pam is evident when she breaks down in tears, and is comforted by Brian, the boom mic operator of the film crew.
In "Moving On", Pam interviews for a job in Philadelphia to be closer to Jim, but she is turned off by the idea when her prospective new boss bears a striking resemblance in behavior to Michael Scott. Over dinner, Pam reveals to Jim that she doesn't really want to move to Philadelphia after all. However, in "Livin' the Dream", when Athlead is bought out and Jim is offered a large sum of money for 3 months to pitch the company across the country, Pam overhears Jim refuse the opportunity because of her and appears to have mixed feelings about this decision. In "A.A.R.M.", Pam tells Jim that she's afraid that he will resent her for making him stay and that she might not be enough for him. Jim asks the camera crew to compile documentary footage of the two of them to show her. When she finishes the montage, which shows Jim taking back a letter he intended to give her with his teapot gift during Christmas; Jim finally gives her that letter, and she reads it, visibly moved. In the series finale, which takes place a year later, she reveals to Jim that she secretly put the house on the market, so that they can move to Austin, Texas, and take his job back at Athlead (now Athleap).
Coworker relations[edit]
From her years working the front desk, Pam has become well-acquainted with the Dunder-Mifflin staff and is consistently shown to have a thorough understanding of her coworkers' personalities, including the more eccentric individuals Dwight Schrute and Michael Scott. She uses this familiarity to manipulate them, often for their and the company's best interests (such as her giving the staff elaborate instructions on how to handle a heartbroken Michael in "The Chump") but also occasionally for her own. This familiarity plays a large part in her efficiency as office administrator and was crucial to her being promoted to the previously non-existent position.
Jim Halpert[edit]
Main article: Jim Halpert
The "will they or won't they" tension between Jim and Pam is a strong storyline in the early episodes of The Office, encompassing much of Seasons 1 to 3. In the opener of Season 4, the two characters are revealed to be dating, and as such, other character romances, such as the romance between fellow co-workers Dwight Schrute and Angela Martin, begin to move more toward the forefront of episodes. In Season 6, Jim and Pam are married in the season's 4th and 5th episodes (hour long), a feat considered noteworthy by many television critics, as bringing together the two lead love interests in a television series is often thought to be a risky venture.[11] Their child is born in the second half of the season, during another hour long, "The Delivery". Pam and Jim's second child is born during season 8. In season 9, their marriage becomes strained when Jim takes up a second job in Philadelphia. They ultimately decide to leave Dunder Mifflin together so Jim can pursue his dream job.
Roy Anderson[edit]
Main article: Roy Anderson (The Office)
When the series begins, Pam is engaged to her high school sweetheart Roy Anderson; this engagement is revealed to be three years old and running. They finally set a date, but Pam calls off the wedding at the last minute. They get back together once, briefly, but Pam is much more assertive, and finally breaks up with him after he has a violent outburst. Roy is deeply flawed - he is overbearing, neglectful, dismissive of her desire to be an artist, and offers her sex as a gift on Valentine's Day. Jim comments in Season 2 that Pam does not like to "bother" Roy with her "thoughts or feelings". He tells the camera crew that the only two problems in Pam's life seemed to be Roy and her job at Dunder Mifflin.
In the early seasons, there is a great deal of tension between Jim and Roy, with Roy often acting threateningly towards Jim. In "Basketball", when Jim starts to impress Pam with his basketball skills, Roy elbows Jim in the nose. In season 2, when Jim encourages Pam to pursue a graphic arts internship offered by Dunder Mifflin, Roy objects to the opportunity and eventually convinces her that the idea is foolish. Pam ultimately calls off her wedding to Roy, but they remain friendly and he is determined to win her back by being less of a jerk. She reconciles with Roy at Phyllis's wedding as a response to watching Jim date Karen. In an attempt at a fresh start with Roy, Pam comes clean about Jim kissing her during "Casino Night". Roy flies into a violent rage and Pam ends the relationship on the spot. The next day, Roy attempts to attack Jim in the office but is stopped by Dwight's pepper spray and is summarily fired. After losing his job, Roy meets Pam for coffee and says that even though Jim is dating Karen, she should at least make an effort to date him (inasmuch as she called off the wedding because of him).
In season 5, Jim and Roy run into each other at a bar and Roy learns that Jim and Pam are engaged. The mood is somewhat awkward, but Roy is congratulatory, but then makes a somewhat passive-aggressive comment, seemingly meant to make Jim feel insecure about his current role in Pam's life, which tempts him to drive to Pratt, where she is attending art classes. Jim gets on the freeway, but changes his mind and remembers that he trusts Pam. Jim didn't want to treat Pam the same way Roy treated her.
Michael Scott[edit]
Main article: Michael Scott (The Office)
In the series pilot, Michael is overtly rude to Pam and at one point fakes her firing, leaving her in tears. He often makes suggestive if harmless remarks about her beauty and general appearance, and at one point lies to the camera that they used to date (inspiring a horrified "WHAT???" from Pam when an interviewer relays the message to her). However, his impulsive attempt to kiss her during Diwali is shot down and marked the end of any romantic dreams for Michael with Pam. Over time, the combination of Michael being supportive of her goals, her transition from a bad relationship with Roy to a great one with Jim as well as her finding a job she not only enjoys but is effective at in the office administrator position and Michael finding his own soulmate in Holly Flax made Pam soften her stance towards Michael, and the experience at the Michael Scott Paper Company further bonded them (as did Michael's decision to choose Pam instead of Ryan Howard as the only MSPC salesman to keep that job when Michael returned as Branch Manager). Pam was furious at Michael for dating her mom Helene, and excoriated him at length during "The Lover" before eventually slapping him in "Double Date", but they once again were able to be civil to each other afterward. Pam does set up boundaries around her personal life that Michael can't cross, like telling him that he wasn't Cece's godfather. By Season 7, Pam acts as something of a guardian angel for Michael, steering him away from (numerous) bad ideas and towards his (fewer but real) good ones, such as his successful efforts to propose to Holly. In Michael's finale "Goodbye, Michael", Pam spends the whole day looking for a shredder, believing that the next day Michael was leaving. As Michael takes off his microphone and heads down the airport concourse, Pam runs to him with no shoes and hugs him as he kisses her cheek. The two have a nice moment and he walks off, leaving her holding her shoes. She then tells the camera that he was happy, wanting to be an advanced rewards member, and was glad to be going home to see Holly. She then is there to watch Michael's plane take off. In a deleted scene from "The Inner Circle", we learn Pam is flattered that Michael named his new puppy "Pamela Beagsley", and in "The List" she playfully teases Jim by calling their second child "Little Michael Scott", further proving that the two have developed a genuine friendship.
Toby Flenderson[edit]
Main article: Toby Flenderson
Toby, the Human Resources Representative for Dunder Mifflin in the Scranton branch, has a secret crush on Pam. In "A Benihana Christmas" she gives him her Dunder-Mifflin bathrobe, a display of friendly affection, after he spent the day feeling bad that Dwight took his. In "Night Out", Toby awkwardly rubs her knee while they share a laugh (and while Jim sits just on her other side), and the rest of the office watches in horror. In his mortification, Toby immediately announces that he is moving to Costa Rica before jumping over the locked gate and fleeing. In "Goodbye, Toby", he purchases a DSLR camera just to get a picture with Pam. On the eve of his departure, she confesses to the cameras that she always thought he was "kind of cute". The crush receives less attention after Toby's return. However, in "Niagara", Pam and Jim are late for their wedding and he is visibly excited at the prospect that the wedding might not happen. In "Finale", Pam and Toby dance with each other at Dwight's wedding, with Toby beginning to cry as Pam comforts him. When she asks, "is it me?", he replies that "it's everything!".
Appearances[edit]
Pam Halpert has appeared in every episode with the exceptions of "Business Ethics" (except for the deleted scenes), "St. Patrick's Day", and "New Leads" in which only her voice is heard, and several season 8 episodes from "Mrs. California" to "Pool Party", where she did not appear at all as Fischer was on maternity leave.[12]
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Pam Beesly's full name is Pamela Morgan Beesly (later Pamela Morgan Halpert). In "The Lover" Michael says to Pam, "Pamela Morgan Beesly, you need to apologize to your mother right now."[2] In "Did I Stutter?" Jim says to Pam, "You know what would energize me? If you, Pamela Morgan Beesly..."[3]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Halpert Baby Blog". Halpertbeesly.com. Archived from the original on 2016-05-27. Retrieved 2012-11-30.
Jump up ^ "Season 6 – Episode 06: 'The Lover'". OfficeQuotes.net. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Season 4 – Episode 12: 'Did I Stutter?'". OfficeQuotes.net. Retrieved February 19, 2018.
Jump up ^ Episode commentary, Season 2, "Valentine's Day"
^ Jump up to: a b c d "For Jenna Fischer, 'Office' Life Is A Great Act". NPR. 2008-12-30. Retrieved 2012-11-30.
^ Jump up to: a b "Jenna Fischer rocks the OTCR". OfficeTally. Retrieved 2012-11-30.
Jump up ^ Season 2 DVD, "Valentine's Day", episode commentary
^ Jump up to: a b "Pam Beesly (Pam/Jenna) op Myspace". Myspace.com. Retrieved 2012-11-30.
Jump up ^ "JK Wedding Entrance Dance". YouTube. 2009-07-19. Retrieved 2012-11-30.
Jump up ^ People Magazine, Week of 03/05/2010
Jump up ^ "The Office: Why Jim and Pam's wedding is good for TV comedy". NJ.com. Retrieved 2012-11-30.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (September 8, 2011). "The Office Exclusive: 'Til Death's Lindsey Broad Befriends Pam". TVLine. Retrieved November 12, 2011.
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value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Pam_Beesly rootpage-Pam_Beesly skin-vector action-view