text:
How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days
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How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Donald Petrie
Produced by
Robert Evans
Christine Forsyth-Peters
Lynda Obst
Written by
Brian Regan
Burr Steers
Based on
How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days
by Michele Alexander
Jeannie Long
Starring
Kate Hudson
Matthew McConaughey
Music by
David Newman
Cinematography
John Bailey
Edited by
Debra Neil-Fisher
Distributed by
Paramount Pictures
Release date
February 7, 2003 (2003-02-07)
Running time
116 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$50 million
Box office
$177.4 million[1]
How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days is a 2003 romantic comedy film directed by Donald Petrie, starring Kate Hudson and Matthew McConaughey. It is based on a short cartoon book of the same name by Michele Alexander and Jeannie Long.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Release
4.1 Critical response
4.2 Box office
5 References
6 External links
Plot[edit]
This section may be confusing or unclear to readers. (March 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Andie Anderson (Kate Hudson) is a writer for a women's magazine called Composure as the "How to..." girl. She is bored and wishes she could write more about important things such as politics, economics, religion, poverty; stuff she actually cares about. After Andie's best friend Michelle (Kathryn Hahn) experiences yet another break-up, Andie is inspired to write a new article titled "How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days"; she will start dating a guy and eventually drive him away using only the "classic mistakes women make" in relationships.
At the same time, advertising executive Benjamin "Ben" Barry (Matthew McConaughey) is striving for a pitch to advertise a new diamond campaign. When his boss questions Ben's knowledge about romance, Ben bets he could make any woman fall in love with him if he wanted to. His boss accepts the bet and confirms that if he can make any woman fall in love with him before the upcoming company ball, in just 10 days, he will allow Ben to head the advertising for the new diamond company. Ben's rival co-workers, Judy Spears (Michael Michele) and Judy Green (Shalom Harlow), who were at Composure magazine earlier in the day and are aware of Andie's new assignment, set Ben up to have him pick Andie as the girl to test his theory on.
Ben and Andie meet and soon their quests, neither revealing their true intentions. Andie works hard to drive Ben insane and make him break up with her in order to complete her article, but Ben continues to stick around in hopes of making her fall in love with him. Andie gets Ben knocked out in a movie theater by talking aloud while watching a chick flick, rapidly moves her things into his apartment, acts overly possessive and sensitive and clingy, ruins his boys' poker night for him and his friends, and takes him to a Celine Dion concert when he was under the assumption he was going to see a New York Knicks basketball game.
Ben stays with her despite everything, and after coming very close to breaking up they attend couples counseling, led by Andie's friend Michelle. They agree, as a solution to their "problems", to visit Ben's family in Staten Island for the weekend. While holidaying together, Ben and Andie begin to form a genuine bond, and upon arriving home Ben even refers to Andie as his girlfriend. Andie then tries to explain to boss Lana (Bebe Neuwirth) that she cannot continue writing and publishing this article as she has "really got to know this guy", but Lana remains insistent upon it. Around the same time, Andie and Ben go to the company ball together where Ben's boss, Phillip (Robert Klein), meets Andie and tells Ben that he "met her, she loves you, you win".
Seeing Ben's good news, Judy and Judy are instantly envious and set about to ruin it for their co-worker. They tell his close colleagues, Tony (Adam Goldberg) and Thayer (Thomas Lennon), that Andie knew about the bet all along and was playing along to help Ben win. Tony and Thayer then rush to Andie's side and beg her to keep quiet, when they do not realize she is still blissfully unaware of the bet. Almost simultaneously, Lana, who is unaware of Ben's role in Andie's "How To" article, reveals Andie's true intentions to Ben. Upon learning of Ben's bet, Andie attempts to humiliate Ben in front of everyone at the party, and the pair argue on stage.
They go their separate ways before Ben is shown Andie's article and encouraged to read it. She explains in it how she "lost the one person she ever fell for", and when he hears she quit her job at Composure and is on her way to Washington, D.C. for an interview, he chases her taxi and stops her. Once he accuses her of running away, they reveal their true feelings for each other and the film ends with Ben instructing the taxi driver to return Andie's belongings to her home, and then they kiss.
Cast[edit]
Kate Hudson as Andie Anderson
Matthew McConaughey as Benjamin "Ben" Barry
Kathryn Hahn as Michelle
Annie Parisse as Jeannie
Adam Goldberg as Tony
Thomas Lennon as Thayer
Michael Michele as Judy Spears
Shalom Harlow as Judy Green
Robert Klein as Phillip Warren
Bebe Neuwirth as Lana Jang
Liliane Montevecchi as Mrs DeLauer
Marvin Hamlisch as Himself (Cameo)
Production[edit]
Gwyneth Paltrow was originally going to star as Andie Anderson but later pulled out before pre-production began, and Kate Hudson replaced her.[citation needed]
The yellow gown Kate Hudson wore in the movie was designed by celebrity designer Dina Bar-El.[2] The necklace she wears with the yellow gown is called, in the film, the "Isadora Diamond" named after Isadora Duncan. The 80-carat yellow diamond in the necklace was designed by Harry Winston and is worth $6 million.[3]
Release[edit]
Critical response[edit]
How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days received mixed reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a rating of 42%, based on 161 reviews, with an average rating of 5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Matthew McConaughey and Kate Hudson are charming together, but they can't overcome How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days' silly premise and predictable script."[4] Metacritic gave the film a score of 45 out of 100, based on 31 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[5]
Box office[edit]
The film was released on February 7, 2003, and earned $23,774,850 in its first weekend. Its final gross is $105,813,373 in the US and $71,558,068 overseas.[1]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days. Box Office Mojo. 2003. Retrieved 2011-01-11.
Jump up ^ Laura Vecsey. "Fashion designer Dina Bar-El looks for fresh start". Today; NBC News. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
Jump up ^ Marc S. Malkin; Deborah Schoeneman. "Model Home Gets a Makeover". New York Magazine; New York Media. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days Movie Reviews". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2011-01-11.
Jump up ^ "How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days Reviews, Ratings, Credits". Metacritic. Retrieved 2011-01-11.
External links[edit]
How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days at AllMovie
How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days at Box Office Mojo
How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days on IMDb
How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days at Rotten Tomatoes
[hide]
v
t
e
Films directed by Donald Petrie
Mystic Pizza (1988)
Opportunity Knocks (1990)
Grumpy Old Men (1993)
The Favor (1994)
Richie Rich (1994)
The Associate (1996)
My Favorite Martian (1999)
Miss Congeniality (2000)
How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days (2003)
Welcome to Mooseport (2004)
Just My Luck (2006)
My Life in Ruins (2009)
Little Italy (2018)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=How_to_Lose_a_Guy_in_10_Days&oldid=836242304"
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2003 films
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Films based on non-fiction books
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text:
List of NBA players with most championships
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Bill Russell won 11 championships with the Boston Celtics, an NBA record.
This is a list of NBA players with most championships won as a player. The National Basketball Association (NBA) is a major professional basketball league in North America. It was founded in 1946 as the Basketball Association of America (BAA).[1] The league adopted its current name at the start of the 1949–50 season when it merged with the National Basketball League (NBL).[2] The NBA Finals is the championship series for the NBA and the conclusion of the sport's postseason. The winning team of the series receives the Larry O'Brien Championship Trophy. Players from the winning team usually receive championship rings from the team honoring their contribution.[3] However, in some rare occasion, the teams opted to give other commemorative items, such as wrist watches, instead of rings.[4][5] The number of championships won by NBA superstars is often used as a measurement of their greatness.[6]
Boston Celtics center Bill Russell holds the record for the most NBA championships won with 11 titles during his 13-year playing career.[7] He won his first championship with the Boston Celtics in his rookie year. Afterwards, he went on to win ten championships in the next 12 years, including eight consecutive championships from 1959 to 1966.[8] He won the last two championships in 1968 and 1969 as player-coach.[7] Russell's teammate, Sam Jones, won ten championships from 1959 to 1969, the second most in NBA history.[9] Four Celtics players, Tom Heinsohn, K. C. Jones, Satch Sanders and John Havlicek, won eight championships each.[10][11][12][13] Two other Celtics, Jim Loscutoff and Frank Ramsey, won seven championships each.[14][15][16] Four players, Bob Cousy, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Michael Jordan and Scottie Pippen, won six championships each.[17][18] Jordan and Pippen are members of the Chicago Bulls team who won three consecutive championships twice in the 1990s.[19][20] George Mikan won two championships in the NBL before it merged with the BAA to form the NBA, and won five championships in the NBA.
Robert Horry and John Salley are the only players to have won the championships with three different teams.[21] Horry won seven championships with the Houston Rockets, the Los Angeles Lakers and the San Antonio Spurs,[16] while Salley won four championships with the Detroit Pistons, the Bulls and the Lakers.[22] Horry is also the only non-Celtic to win more than 6 times. Frank Saul and Steve Kerr are the only players to win two championships with two different teams in consecutive seasons.[23] Saul won consecutive championships with the Rochester Royals and the Minneapolis Lakers in the 1950s,[24] and Kerr won consecutive championships with the Bulls and the Spurs in the 1990s.[25] Both Saul and Kerr were NBA champions four years in a row, each having participated in three-peats, Saul with the Lakers and Kerr with the Bulls.
Contents
[hide]
1 List
2 See also
3 Notes
4 References
List[edit]
Pos G Guard F Forward C Center
* Denotes players who have been inducted to the Basketball Hall of Fame
^ Denotes players who are currently active in the NBA
Rank
Player
Pos
Seasons played
Total won
Championship teams
Ref.
1 Bill Russell* C 13 11 Boston Celtics (1957, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969) [26]
2 Jones , SamSam Jones * G 12 10 Boston Celtics (1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969) [9]
3 Heinsohn, TomTom Heinsohn*[a] F/C 9 8 Boston Celtics (1957, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965) [10]
Jones, K. C.K. C. Jones*[b] G 9 8 Boston Celtics (1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966) [11]
Sanders, Tom "Satch"Tom "Satch" Sanders*[c] F 13 8 Boston Celtics (1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969) [12]
Havlicek, JohnJohn Havlicek* F/G 16 8 Boston Celtics (1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1974, 1976) [13]
7 Loscutoff, JimJim Loscutoff F 9 7 Boston Celtics (1957, 1959, 1960[d], 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964) [14]
Ramsey, FrankFrank Ramsey* F/G 9 7 Boston Celtics (1957, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964) [15]
Horry, RobertRobert Horry F 16 7 Houston Rockets (1994, 1995)
Los Angeles Lakers (2000, 2001, 2002)
San Antonio Spurs (2005, 2007) [16]
10 Cousy, BobBob Cousy* G 14 6 Boston Celtics (1957, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963) [17]
Abdul-Jabbar , KareemKareem Abdul-Jabbar * (formerly Lew Alcindor)[e] C 20 6 Milwaukee Bucks (1971)
Los Angeles Lakers (1980, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1988) [18]
Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan* G 15 6 Chicago Bulls (1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998) [19]
Pippen, ScottieScottie Pippen* F 17 6 Chicago Bulls (1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998) [20]
14 Mikan, GeorgeGeorge Mikan* C 7 5 Minneapolis Lakers (1949, 1950, 1952, 1953, 1954) [27]
Pollard, JimJim Pollard* F/C 7 5 Minneapolis Lakers (1949, 1950, 1952, 1953, 1954) [28]
Martin, SlaterSlater Martin* G 11 5 Minneapolis Lakers (1950, 1952, 1953, 1954)
St. Louis Hawks (1958) [29]
Siegfried, LarryLarry Siegfried F 9 5 Boston Celtics (1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969) [30]
Nelson, DonDon Nelson* G 14 5 Boston Celtics (1966, 1968, 1969, 1974, 1976) [31]
Cooper, MichaelMichael Cooper G/F 12 5 Los Angeles Lakers (1980, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1988) [32]
Johnson, Earvin "Magic"Earvin "Magic" Johnson* G 13 5 Los Angeles Lakers (1980, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1988) [33]
Rodman, DennisDennis Rodman* F 14 5 Detroit Pistons (1989, 1990)
Chicago Bulls (1996, 1997, 1998) [34]
Harper, RonRon Harper G 15 5 Chicago Bulls (1996, 1997, 1998)
Los Angeles Lakers (2000, 2001) [35]
Kerr, SteveSteve Kerr[g] G 15 5 Chicago Bulls (1996, 1997, 1998)
San Antonio Spurs (1999, 2003) [25]
Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant G 20 5 Los Angeles Lakers (2000, 2001, 2002, 2009, 2010) [36]
Fisher, DerekDerek Fisher G 18 5 Los Angeles Lakers (2000, 2001, 2002, 2009, 2010) [37]
Duncan, TimTim Duncan F/C 19 5 San Antonio Spurs (1999, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2014) [38]
27 Mikkelsen, VernVern Mikkelsen* F/C 10 4 Minneapolis Lakers (1950, 1952, 1953, 1954) [39]
Saul, FrankFrank Saul G/F 6 4 Rochester Royals (1951)
Minneapolis Lakers (1952, 1953, 1954) [24]
Sharman, BillBill Sharman*[h] G 11 4 Boston Celtics (1957, 1959, 1960, 1961) [40]
Wilkes, JamaalJamaal Wilkes* G/F 12 4 Golden State Warriors (1975)
Los Angeles Lakers (1980, 1982, 1985[f]) [41]
Rambis, KurtKurt Rambis F 14 4 Los Angeles Lakers (1982, 1985, 1987, 1988) [42]
Parish, RobertRobert Parish* C 21 4 Boston Celtics (1981, 1984, 1986)
Chicago Bulls (1997) [43]
Perdue, WillWill Perdue C 13 4 Chicago Bulls (1991, 1992, 1993)
San Antonio Spurs (1999) [44]
Salley, JohnJohn Salley F/C 11 4 Detroit Pistons (1989, 1990)
Chicago Bulls (1996)
Los Angeles Lakers (2000) [22]
Grant, HoraceHorace Grant F/C 17 4 Chicago Bulls (1991, 1992, 1993)
Los Angeles Lakers (2001) [45]
O'Neal, ShaquilleShaquille O'Neal* C 19 4 Los Angeles Lakers (2000, 2001, 2002)
Miami Heat (2006) [46]
Ginóbili, ManuManu Ginóbili^ G 14 4 San Antonio Spurs (2003, 2005, 2007, 2014) [47]
Parker, TonyTony Parker^ G 15 4 San Antonio Spurs (2003, 2005, 2007, 2014) [48]
See also[edit]
National Basketball Association portal
List of NBA champions
List of NBA championship head coaches
Notes[edit]
a Heinsohn won two additional championships in 1974 and 1976 as head coach of the Boston Celtics.
b Jones won four additional championships in 1972 as assistant coach of the Los Angeles Lakers, in 1981 as assistant coach of the Boston Celtics, and in 1984 and 1986 as head coach of the Celtics.
c Sanders is a member of the Naismith Hall, but as a contributor rather than a player.[49]
d Loscutoff did not play in the 1960 Playoffs and Finals due to injury.[50]
e Alcindor changed his name to Kareem Abdul-Jabbar in 1971. He also won two championships as an assistant coach with the Lakers in 2009 and 2010. [51]
f Wilkes did not play in the 1985 playoffs due to injury, but remained on the roster until after the Finals.[52]
g Kerr won additional championships in 2015 and 2017 as head coach of the Golden State Warriors.
h Sharman won an additional championship in 1972 as head coach of the Los Angeles Lakers.
References[edit]
General
"Most NBA Championships Won". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Specific
Jump up ^ Goldaper, Sam. "The First Game". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "1949–50 Season Overview: Powerful Lakers Repeat". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ McMenamin, Dave (June 10, 2011). "Phil Jackson, lord of the rings". ESPN.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ May, Peter (June 10, 2011). "Havlicek doesn't have eight rings". ESPN.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ Aron, Jaime (June 14, 2011). "Mavs against Cuban's idea not to give title rings". USA Today. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ Araton, Harvey (January 20, 2013). "Debate Over Brady's Place Among the Best Returns to the Shelf". New York Times. Archived from the original on January 22, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Bill Russell Bio". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. Archived from the original on May 10, 2011. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Bill Russell NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Sam Jones NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Tom Heinsohn NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "K.C. Jones NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Tom Sanders NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "John Havlicek NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Jim Loscutoff NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Frank Ramsey NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Robert Horry NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Bob Cousy NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Kareem Abdul-Jabbar NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Michael Jordan NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Scottie Pippen NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Horry adds to ring collection". NBC Sports. NBC Universal. June 24, 2005. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "John Salley NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ Hudson, Jr., David L. (February 2007). Basketball Championships' Most Wanted. Potomac Books, Inc. p. 41. ISBN 1-59797-014-X.
^ Jump up to: a b "Pep Saul NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Steve Kerr NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Bil Russell NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "George Mikan NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Jim Pollard NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Slater Martin NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Larry Siegfried NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Don Nelson NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Michael Cooper NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Magic Johnson NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Dennis Rodman NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ron Harper NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Kobe Bryant NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Derek Fisher NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Tim Duncan NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Vern Mikkelsen NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Bill Sharman NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Jamaal Wilkes NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Kurt Rambis NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Robert Parish NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Will Perdue NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Horace Grant NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Shaquille O'Neal NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Manu Ginobili NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com LL. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Tony Parker NBA Statistics". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
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text:
Song of Songs
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Song of Songs (disambiguation).
This article is about the Judeo-Christian Book of Scriptures. For the Confucian text, see Classic of Poetry.
"Song of Solomon" redirects here. For other uses, see Song of Solomon (disambiguation).
Song of Songs (Cantique des Cantiques) by Gustave Moreau, 1893
The Song of Songs, also Song of Solomon or Canticles (Hebrew: שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים, Šîr HašŠîrîm, Greek: ᾎσμα ᾎσμάτων, asma asmaton, both meaning Song of Songs), is one of the megillot (scrolls) found in the last section of the Tanakh, known as the Ketuvim (or "Writings"), and a book of the Old Testament.[1]
The Song of Songs is unique within the Hebrew bible: it shows no interest in Law or Covenant or Yahweh the God of Israel, nor does it teach or explore Wisdom like Proverbs or Ecclesiastes (although it does have some affinities to Wisdom literature, as the ascription to Solomon indicates); instead, it celebrates sexual love, giving "the voices of two lovers, praising each other, yearning for each other, proffering invitations to enjoy".[2][3] The two are in harmony, each desiring the other and rejoicing in sexual intimacy; the women of Jerusalem form a chorus to the lovers, functioning as an audience whose participation in the lovers' erotic encounters facilitates the participation of the reader.[4]
In modern Judaism the Song is read on the Sabbath during the Passover, which marks the beginning of the grain harvest as well as commemorating the Exodus from Egypt.[5] Jewish tradition reads it as an allegory of the relationship between God and Israel, Christianity as an allegory of Christ and his "bride", the Church.[5][6]
Contents
[hide]
1 Structure
2 Summary
3 Composition
4 Canonisation and interpretation
4.1 Judaism
4.2 Christianity
5 Musical settings
6 In popular culture
7 See also
8 Notes
9 References
10 External links
Structure[edit]
Tanakh (Judaism)
Torah (Instruction)[show]
Genesis
Brʾeišyt
Exodus
Šemot
Leviticus
Wayiqra
Numbers
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Latter
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Hosea
Joel
Amos
Obadiah
Jonah
Micah
Nahum
Habakkuk
Zephaniah
Haggai
Zechariah
Malachi
Ketuvim (Writings)[hide]
Poetic
Psalms
Təhillîm
Proverbs
Mishlei
Job
Iyov
Five Megillot (Scrolls)
Song of Songs
Shir Hashirim
Ruth
Rut
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Ester
Historical
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Daniyyel
Ezra–Nehemiah
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Old Testament (Christianity)
Pentateuch[show]
Genesis
Exodus
Leviticus
Numbers
Deuteronomy
Historical[show]
Joshua
Judges
Ruth
1 and 2 Samuel
1 and 2 Kings
1 and 2 Chronicles
Ezra
Nehemiah
Esther
Poetry
Wisdom
[hide]
Job
Psalms
Proverbs
Ecclesiastes
Song of Songs
Prophetic[show]
Major prophets
Isaiah
Jeremiah
Lamentations
Ezekiel
Daniel
Minor prophets
Hosea
Joel
Amos
Obadiah
Jonah
Micah
Nahum
Habakkuk
Zephaniah
Haggai
Zechariah
Malachi
Deuterocanonical[show]
Tobit
Judith
Additions to Esther
1 Maccabees
2 Maccabees
Wisdom of Solomon
Sirach
Baruch / Letter of Jeremiah
Additions to Daniel
Orthodox only
1 Esdras
2 Esdras
Prayer of Manasseh
Psalm 151
3 Maccabees
4 Maccabees
Odes
Orthodox Tewahedo
1 Enoch
Jubilees
1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
Paralipomena of Baruch
Broader canon
Bible portal
v
t
e
There is widespread consensus that, although the book has no plot, it does have what can be called a framework, as indicated by the links between its beginning and end.[7] Beyond this, however, there appears to be little agreement: attempts to find a chiastic structure have not been compelling, and attempts to analyse it into units have used differing methods and arrived at differing results.[8] The following schema, from Kugler & al.[9] must therefore be taken as indicative, rather than determinative:
Introduction (1:1–6)
Dialogue between the lovers (1:7–2:7)
The woman recalls a visit from her lover (2:8–17)
The woman addresses the daughters of Zion (3:1–5)
Sighting a royal wedding procession (3:6–11)
The man describes his lover's beauty (4:1–5:1)
The woman addresses the daughters of Jerusalem (5:2–6:4)
The man describes his lover, who visits him (6:5–12)
Observers describe the woman's beauty (6:13–8:4)
Appendix (8:5–14)
Summary[edit]
The introduction calls the poem "the song of songs", a construction commonly used in Scriptural Hebrew to show something as the greatest and most beautiful of its class (as in Holy of Holies).[10] The poem proper begins with the woman's expression of desire for her lover and her self-description to the "daughters of Jerusalem": she insists on her sunflare-born blackness, likening it to the "tents of Kedar" (nomads) and the "curtains of Solomon". A dialogue between the lovers follows: the woman asks the man to meet; he replies with a lightly teasing tone. The two compete in offering flattering compliments ("my beloved is to me as a cluster of henna blossoms in the vineyards of En Gedi", "an apple tree among the trees of the wood", "a lily among brambles", while the bed they share is like a forest canopy). The section closes with the woman telling the daughters of Jerusalem not to stir up love such as hers until it is ready.[11]
The woman recalls a visit from her lover in the springtime. She uses imagery from a shepherd's life, and she says of her lover that "he pastures his flock among the lilies".[11]
The woman again addresses the daughters of Jerusalem, describing her fervent and ultimately successful search for her lover through the night-time streets of the city. When she finds him she takes him almost by force into the chamber in which her mother conceived her. She reveals that this is a dream, seen on her "bed at night" and ends by again warning the daughters of Jerusalem "not to stir up love until it is ready".[11]
The next section reports a royal wedding procession. Solomon is mentioned by name, and the daughters of Jerusalem are invited to come out and see the spectacle.[11]
The man describes his beloved: Her hair is like a flock of goats, her teeth like shorn ewes, and so on from face to breasts. Place-names feature heavily: her neck is like the Tower of David, her smell like the scent of Lebanon. He hastens to summon his beloved, saying that he is ravished by even a single glance. The section becomes a "garden poem", in which he describes her as a "locked garden" (usually taken to mean that she is chaste). The woman invites the man to enter the garden and taste the fruits. The man accepts the invitation, and a third party tells them to eat, drink, "and be drunk with love".[11]
The woman tells the daughters of Jerusalem of another dream. She was in her chamber when her lover knocked. She was slow to open, and when she did, he was gone. She searched through the streets again, but this time she failed to find him and the watchmen, who had helped her before, now beat her. She asks the daughters of Jerusalem to help her find him, and describes his physical good looks. Eventually, she admits her lover is in his garden, safe from harm, and committed to her as she is to him.[11]
The man describes his beloved; the woman describes a rendezvous they have shared. (The last part is unclear and possibly corrupted.)[11]
The people praise the beauty of the woman. The images are the same as those used elsewhere in the poem, but with an unusually dense use of place-names, e.g., pools of Hebron, gate of Bath-rabbim, tower of Damascus, etc. The man states his intention to enjoy the fruits of the woman's garden. The woman invites him to a tryst in the fields. She once more warns the daughters of Jerusalem against waking love until it is ready.
The woman compares love to death and sheol: love is as relentless and jealous as these two, and cannot be quenched by any force. She summons her lover, using the language used before: he should come "like a gazelle or a young stag upon the mountain of spices".[11]
Composition[edit]
Illustration for the first verse, a minstrel playing before Solomon (15th century Rothschild Mahzor)
The Song offers no clue to its author or to the date, place, or circumstances of its composition.[12] The superscription states that it is "Solomon's", but even if this is meant to identify the author, it cannot be read as strictly as a similar modern statement.[13] The most reliable evidence for its date is its language: Aramaic gradually replaced Hebrew after the end of the Babylonian exile in the late 6th century BCE, and the evidence of vocabulary, morphology, idiom and syntax clearly points to a late date, centuries after King Solomon to whom it is traditionally attributed.[14] It has parallels with Mesopotamian and Egyptian love poetry from the first half of the 1st millennium, and with the pastoral idylls of Theocritus, a Greek poet who wrote in the first half of the 3rd century;[15][16][17] as a result of these conflicting signs, speculation ranges from the 10th to the 2nd centuries BCE,[12] with the language supporting a date around the 3rd century.[18]
Debate continues on the unity or disunity of the Song. Those who see it as an anthology or collection point to the abrupt shifts of scene, speaker, subject matter and mood, and the lack of obvious structure or narrative. Those who hold it to be a single poem point out that it has no internal signs of composite origins, and view the repetitions and similarities among its parts as evidence of unity. Some claim to find a conscious artistic design underlying it, but there is no agreement among them on what this might be. The question therefore remains unresolved.[19]
The setting in which the poem arose is also debated.[20] Some academics posit a ritual origin in the celebration of the sacred marriage of the god Tammuz and the goddess Ishtar.[21] Whether this is so or not, the poem seems to be rooted in some kind of festive performance.[20] External evidence supports the idea that the Song was originally recited by different singers representing the different characters, accompanied by mime.[22]
Canonisation and interpretation[edit]
Judaism[edit]
A page of rashi's interpretation of the megillot, National Library of Israel
The Song was accepted into the Jewish canon of scripture in the 2nd century CE, after a period of controversy in the 1st century. It was accepted as canonical because of its supposed authorship by Solomon and based on an allegorical reading where the subject-matter was taken to be not sexual desire but God's love for Israel.[23] For instance, the famed first and second century Rabbi Akiva forbade the use of the Song of Songs in popular celebrations. He reportedly said, "He who sings the Song of Songs in wine taverns, treating it as if it were a vulgar song, forfeits his share in the world to come".[24] However, Rabbi Akiva famously defended the canonicity of the Song of Songs, reportedly saying when the question came up of whether it should be considered a defiling work, "God forbid! [...] For all of eternity in its entirety is not as worthy as the day on which Song of Songs was given to Israel, for all the Writings are holy, but Song of Songs is the Holy of Holies."[25]
It is one of the overtly mystical Biblical texts for the Kabbalah, which gave esoteric interpretation on all the Hebrew Bible. Following the dissemination of the Zohar in the 13th century, Jewish mysticism took on a metaphorically anthropomorphic erotic element, and Song of Songs is an example of this. In Zoharic Kabbalah, God is represented by a system of ten sephirot emanations, each symbolizing a different attribute of God, comprising both male and female. The Shechina (indwelling Divine presence) was identified with the feminine sephira Malchut, the vessel of Kingship. This symbolizes the Jewish people, and in the body, the female form, identified with the woman in Song of Songs. Her beloved was identified with the male sephira Tiferet, the "Holy One Blessed be He", central principle in the beneficent Heavenly flow of Divine emotion. In the body, this represents the male torso, uniting through the sephira Yesod of the male sign of the covenant organ of procreation.
Through beneficent deeds and Jewish observance, the Jewish people restore cosmic harmony in the Divine realm, healing the exile of the Shechina with God's transcendence, revealing the essential Unity of God. This elevation of the World is aroused from Above on the Sabbath, a foretaste of the redeemed purpose of Creation. The text thus became a description, depending on the aspect, of the creation of the world, the passage of Shabbat, the covenant with Israel, and the coming of the Messianic age. "Lecha Dodi", a 16th-century liturgical song with strong Kabbalistic symbolism, contains many passages, including its opening two words, taken directly from Song of Songs.
In modern Judaism, certain verses from the Song are read on Shabbat eve or at Passover, which marks the beginning of the grain harvest as well as commemorating the Exodus from Egypt, to symbolize the love between the Jewish People and their God. Jewish tradition reads it as an allegory of the relationship between God and Israel.[5]
Christianity[edit]
The Shulamite by Albert Joseph Moore (1864)
The literal subject of the Song of Songs is love and sexual longing between a man and a woman, and it has little (or nothing) to say about the relationship of God and man; in order to find such a meaning it was necessary to resort to allegory, treating the love that the Song celebrates as an analogy for the love between God and Church.[26] The Christian church's interpretation of the Song as evidence of God's love for his people, both collectively and individually, began with Origen. Over the centuries the emphases of interpretation shifted, first reading the Song as a depiction of the love between Christ and Church, the 11th century adding a moral element, and the 12th century understanding of the Bride as the Virgin Mary, with each new reading absorbing rather than simply replacing earlier ones, so that the commentary became ever more complex.[27] These theological themes are not in the poem, but derive from a theological reading; nevertheless, what is notable about this approach is the way it leads to conclusions not found in the overtly theological books of the bible.[28] Those books reveal an abiding imbalance in the relationship between God and man, ranging from slight to enormous; but reading Songs as a theological metaphor produces quite a different outcome, one in which the two partners are equals, bound in a committed relationship.[28] In modern times the poem has attracted the attention of feminist biblical critics, with Phyllis Trible's foundational "Depatriarchalizing in Biblical Interpretation" treating it as an exemplary text and the Feminist Companion to the Bible series edited by Athalya Brenner and Carole Fontaine devoting to it two volumes (1993, 2000).[29][30]
Musical settings[edit]
Egon Tschirch: Song of Solomon (picture cycle 1923)
Excerpts from the book have inspired composers to vocal and instrumental compositions, including:
Song of Solomon (2017) classical wedding suite composition for orchestra, organ and two voices by Chris M. Allport
Symphoniae sacrae I (1629) by Heinrich Schütz
C'est un jardin secret... for solo viola (1976) by Tristan Murail
Song of Soloman (1989) by Steve Kilbey
In popular culture[edit]
Marc Chagall's "Song of Songs", a five-painting cycle, is housed in the Marc Chagall Museum in Nice.
Egon Tschirch's "Song of Solomon", a 1923 expressionist nineteen-picture cycle, was rediscovered in 2015.
J. S. Bach's Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme, BWV 140, while mainly based on the Parable of the Ten Virgins, also uses words and imagery from the Song of Songs.[31]
In the Coen Brothers' 1990 film "Miller's Crossing", the principal character Tom Reagan (played by Gabriel Byrne) says the line "If I'd known we were gonna cast our feelings into words, I'd've memorized the Song of Solomon".
John Zorn's "Shir Ha-Shirim" premiered in February 2008.[32] The piece is inspired by Song of Songs and is performed by an amplified quintet of female singers with female and male narrators performing the "Song of Solomon". A performance at the Guggenheim Museum in November 2008 featured choreography for paired dancers from the Khmer Arts Ensemble by Sophiline Cheam Shapiro.[33] In 2013 a new version featuring the five singers without the two narrators premièred in NYC at Alice Tully Hall and at the Jerusalem Sacred Music Festival and released on the album Shir Hashirim.
David Lang's "Just (after Song of Songs)" was premiered in 2014 by Trio Mediaeval and Garth Knox Saltarello Trio. The piece is featured in the film "Youth" by Paolo Sorrentino.
In Carl Theodor Dreyer's Day of Wrath, a film about sexual repression in a puritanical Protestant family, the first few verses of Song of Songs chapter 2 are read aloud by the daughter Anne, but soon after her father forbids her to continue. The chapter's verse paraphrases Anne's own amorous adventures and desires.[34]
Nobel Prize-winning writer Toni Morrison's 1977 novel is entitled Song of Solomon.
The chorus of Stephen Duffy's 1985 song "Kiss Me" was based on the comparison of wine to love in Song of Songs.
In Neil Gaiman's 2001 novel American Gods, the Queen of Sheba, who appears as an ageless (but not invincible) character, whispers lines from the Song of Songs as she is murdered in Los Angeles.
"The Song of Solomon" by British singer Kate Bush on her 1993 album, The Red Shoes, is largely based on the Song of Songs.
Rose of Sharon (an epithet in the Song) is a major character in John Steinbeck's novel The Grapes of Wrath.
Lillian Hellman's 1939 play The Little Foxes (and the later 1941 film adaptation) gets its title from Song 2:15: "Take us the foxes, the little foxes, that spoil the vines: for our vines have tender grapes."[35]
Catherine L. Morris' 2009 collection The Song of Songs: A Love Poem Illustrated presents a series of paintings that visualize the book.[36]
Post-hardcore band mewithoutYou named their sophomore album Catch for Us the Foxes
Madeleine L'Engle's novel Many Waters is named after a phrase in the Song; and two seraphim quote it to soothe the protagonists, at a moment of distress.
The 2014 film The Song is based on the Song of Songs[37]
In the 2005 film Keeping Mum, Grace (Maggie Smith) instructs the vicar (Rowan Atkinson) that the Song of Solomon "is about sex".
The song is mentioned repeatedly in Sholem Aleichem's Jewish Children[38]
In Elizabeth Smart's novel of prose poetry By Grand Central Station I Sat Down and Wept, several lines of the Song are spoken by the protagonist while she undergoes police questioning about her relationship with her companion, poet George Barker.
See also[edit]
Dead Sea Scrolls 4Q106, 4Q107, 4Q108, 6Q6, fragments including portions of the Song of Songs.
Hortus conclusus
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Garrett 1993, p. 348.
Jump up ^ Garrett 1993, p. 366.
Jump up ^ Alter 2011, p. 232.
Jump up ^ Exum 2011, p. 248.
^ Jump up to: a b c Sweeney 2011, p. unpaginated.
Jump up ^ Norris 2003, p. 1.
Jump up ^ Assis 2009, pp. 11, 16.
Jump up ^ Assis 2009, pp. 16–18.
Jump up ^ Kugler & Hartin 2009, p. 220.
Jump up ^ Keel 1994, p. 38.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Kugler & Hartin 2009, pp. 220–22.
^ Jump up to: a b Exum 2012, p. 247.
Jump up ^ Keel 1994, p. 39.
Jump up ^ Bloch & Bloch 1995, p. 23.
Jump up ^ Bloch & Bloch 1995, p. 25.
Jump up ^ Exum 2012, p. 248.
Jump up ^ Keel 1994, p. 5.
Jump up ^ Hunt 2008, p. 5.
Jump up ^ Exum 2005, p. 3334.
^ Jump up to: a b Loprieno 2005, p. 126.
Jump up ^ Price 2005, p. 251.
Jump up ^ Astell 1995, p. 162.
Jump up ^ Loprieno 2005, p. 107.
Jump up ^ Phipps 1979, p. 85.
Jump up ^ Schiffman 1998, pp. 119–20.
Jump up ^ Norris.
Jump up ^ Matter.
^ Jump up to: a b Kugler & Hartin.
Jump up ^ Pardes 2017, p. 134.
Jump up ^ Brenner & Fontaine 2000, p. passim.
Jump up ^ Herz, Gerhard (1972). Bach: Cantata No. 140. WW Norton & Co.
Jump up ^ Allan, J. (February 22, 2008), "Live – John Zorn Abron Arts Centre", Amplifier Magazine (review)
Jump up ^ Smith, S (November 27, 2008), "An Unlikely Pairing on Common Ground", The New York Times .
Jump up ^ Bordwell, David (July 1992). "The Films of Carl Theodor Dreyer". ISBN 978-0-520-04450-0.
Jump up ^ ben David, Solomon, "Song", KJV, The Bible, Bible gateway, 2:15 .
Jump up ^ The Song of Songs: A Love Poem Illustrated, New Classic Books, ASIN 1600200028, ISBN 978-1600200021 CS1 maint: ASIN uses ISBN (link) .
Jump up ^ "THE SONG Movie - The Story - Coming Soon to Digital HD + DVD". Thesongmovie.com. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Librivox. "LibriVox". Librivox.org. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
References[edit]
Alter, Robert (2011). The Art of Biblical Poetry. Basic Books. ISBN 0465028195.
Assis, Elie (2009). Flashes of Fire: A Literary Analysis of the Song of Songs. T & T Clark. ISBN 9780567027641.
Astell, Ann W. (1995). The Song of Songs in the Middle Ages. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0801482674.
Barr, James, "Obituary: Harold Henry Rowley", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 33:2 (1970), pp. 372–373.
Ausloos, Hans & Lemmelijn, Bénédicte, Praising God or Singing of Love? From Theological into Erotic Allegorisation in the Interpretation of Canticles, in Acta Theologica 30 (2010) 1-18.
Bloch, Ariel; Bloch, Chana (1995). The Song of Songs: A New Translation, With an Introduction and Commentary. Random House. ISBN 9780520213302.
Brenner, Athalya; Fontaine, Carole (2000). A Feminist Companion to Song of Songs. A&C Black. ISBN 9781841270524.
Burton, Joan B. (2005). "Themes of female desire and female self-assertion in the Song of Songs and Hellenistic poetry". In Hagedorn, Anselm C. Perspectives on the Song of Songs. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110176322.
Exum, J. Cheryl (2012). "Song of Songs". In Newsom, Carol Ann; Lapsley, Jacqueline E. Women's Bible Commentary. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664237073.
Freehof, Solomon B., "The Song of Songs: A General Suggestion", The Jewish Quarterly Review, New Series, 39:4 (April 1949), pp. 397–402.
Garrett, Duane (1993). Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs. B&H Publishing Group. ISBN 9780805401141.
Hunt, Patrick (2008). Poetry in the Song of Songs: A Literary Analysis. Peter Lang. ISBN 9781433104657.
Keel, Othmar (1994). The Song of Songs: A Continental Commentary. Fortress Press. ISBN 9780800695071.
Kugler, Robert; Hartin, Patrick (2009), The Old Testament between theology and history: a critical survey, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, ISBN 9780802846365 .
Loprieno, Antonio (2005). "Searching for a common background: Egyptian love poetry and the Biblical Song of Songs". In Hagedorn, Anselm C. Perspectives on the Song of Songs. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110176322.
Martineau, Russell, "The Song of Songs Again", The American Journal of Philology, 16:4 (1895), pp. 435–443.
Matter, E. Anne (2011). The Voice of My Beloved: The Song of Songs in Western Medieval Christianity. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 9780812200560.
Norris, Richard Alfred (2003). The Song of Songs: Interpreted by Early Christian and Medieval Commentators. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802825797.
Pardes, Ilana, Agnon's Moonstruck Lovers: The Song of Songs in Israeli Culture, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2013.
Pardes, Ilana (2017). "Toni Morrisom's Shulamites". In Sherwood, Yvonne. The Bible and Feminism: Remapping the Field. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780191034183.
Phipps, William E. (1974), "The Plight of the Song of Songs", Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 42:1 (March 1974), pp. 82–100.
Price, Robert M. (2005). "A Christian Goddess?". The Da Vinci Fraud: Why the Truth Is Stranger Than Fiction. Prometheus Books. ISBN 9781615923878.
Rogerson, John W. (2003). "Song of Songs". In Dunn, James D. G.; Rogerson, John William. Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802837110.
Rowley, H. H. (1939), "The Meaning of 'The Shulamite'", The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, 56:1 (January 1939), pp. 84–91.
Sáenz-Badillos, Angel (1996). A History of the Hebrew Language. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521556347.
Schiffman, Lawrence H., ed. (1998), Texts and Traditions, Ktav, Hoboken.
Sweeney, Marvin A. (2011). Tanak: A Theological and Critical Introduction to the Jewish Bible. Fortress Press. ISBN 9781451414356.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Song of Solomon.
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Song of Songs (Bible)
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Song of Solomon
Jewish translations and commentary
Shir Hashirim – Song of Songs (Judaica Press) translation (with Rashi's commentary) at Chabad.org
Song of Songs in the Jewish Encyclopedia
The original Hebrew version, vowelized, with side-by-side English translation by Mamre Institute (Mechon Mamre)
"The Song of Solomon" designed by Tamar Messer from the World Digital Library
Christian translations and commentary
Sermons on the Song of Songs, by St. Bernard of Clairvaux
Online Bible at GospelHall.org
Song of Songs at Bible Gateway (various versions)
Song of Songs in the Catholic Encyclopedia
Song of Songs (Greek, Latin and English versions) the newadvent.org
Solomon's Song of Songs. Bible Study Tools.
Summary Interpretation of the Song of Solomon by H. Speckard
Song of Solomon public domain audiobook at LibriVox - Various versions
Introductions
Introduction to the Song of Songs a Forward Movement publication
Song of Songs in Hebrew
Song of Songs – YouTube video chanted in a Moroccan Cantillation (20:44)
Song of Songs – YouTube video of Shir Hashirim read in Hebrew according to a Ashkenazic nigun (32:11)
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