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Web browser
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Usage share of web browsers according to StatCounter
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A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application for accessing information on the World Wide Web. Each individual web page, image, and video is identified by a distinct URL, enabling browsers to retrieve and display them on the user's device.
Note that a web browser is not the same thing as a search engine, though the two are often confused.[1] For a user, a search engine is just a website, such as google.com, that stores searchable data about other websites. But in order to connect to and display websites on their device, a user needs to have a web browser installed.[2]
The most popular web browsers are Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Internet Explorer, and Edge.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Function
3 Features
4 Market share
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
Main article: History of the web browser
The first web browser, called WorldWideWeb, was invented in 1990 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee.[3] He then recruited Nicola Pellow to write the Line Mode Browser, which displayed web pages on dumb terminals; it was released in 1991.[4]
Nicola Pellow and Tim Berners-Lee in their office at CERN.
Marc Andreessen, lead developer of Mosaic and Navigator
1993 was a landmark year with the release of Mosaic, credited as "the world's first popular browser".[5] Its innovative graphical interface made the World Wide Web system easy to use and thus more accessible to the average person. This, in turn, sparked the Internet boom of the 1990s when the Web grew at a very rapid rate.[5] Marc Andreessen, the leader of the Mosaic team, soon started his own company, Netscape, which released the Mosaic-influenced Netscape Navigator in 1994. Navigator quickly became the most popular browser.
Microsoft debuted Internet Explorer in 1995, leading to a browser war with Netscape. Microsoft was able to gain a dominant position for two reasons: it bundled Internet Explorer with its popular Windows operating system and did so as freeware with no restrictions on usage. Eventually the market share of Internet Explorer peaked at over 95% in 2002.[6]
WorldWideWeb was the first web browser.[7]
In 1998, desperate to remain competitive, Netscape launched what would become the Mozilla Foundation to create a new browser using the open source software model. This work evolved into Firefox, first released by Mozilla in 2004. Firefox reached a 28% market share in 2011.[8]
Apple released its Safari browser in 2003. It remains the dominant browser on Apple platforms, though it never became a factor elsewhere.[8]
The last major entrant to the browser market was Google. Its Chrome browser, which debuted in 2008, has been a huge success. It steadily took market share from Internet Explorer and became the most popular browser in 2012.[9][10] It has remained dominant ever since.
In terms of technology, browsers have greatly expanded their HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and multimedia capabilities since the 1990s. One reason has been to enable more sophisticated websites, such as web applications. Another factor is the significant increase of broadband connectivity, which enables people to access data-intensive web content, such as YouTube streaming, that was not possible during the era of dial-up modems.
Function[edit]
The purpose of a web browser is to fetch information resources and display them on a user's device.
This process begins when the user inputs a URL, such as https://en.wikipedia.org/, into the browser. Virtually all URLs on the Web start with either http: or https: which means the browser will retrieve them with the Hypertext Transfer Protocol. In the case of https: the communication between the browser and the web server is encrypted for the purposes of security and privacy. Another URL prefix is file: which is used to display local files already stored on the user's device.
Once a web page has been retrieved, the browser's rendering engine displays it on the user's device. This includes image and video formats supported by the browser.
Web pages usually contain hyperlinks to other pages and resources. Each link contains a URL, and when it is clicked, the browser navigates to the new resource. Thus the process of bringing content to the user begins again.
To implement all of this, modern browsers are a combination of numerous software components.[11]
Features[edit]
Further information: Comparison of web browsers
All major browsers allow the user to open multiple pages at the same time, either in different browser windows or in different tabs of the same window. They also support the use of extensions to add to or modify browser operation in a variety of ways.
Common user interface features of browsers:
Back and forward buttons to go back to the previous page visited or forward to the next one.
A refresh or reload button to reload the current page.
A stop button to cancel loading the page. (In some browsers, the stop button is merged with the reload button.)
A home button to return to the user's home page.
An address bar to input the URL of a page and display it.
A search bar to input terms into a search engine. (In some browsers, the search bar is merged with the address bar.)
Market share[edit]
Most used web browser by country, as of June 2015.
Google Chrome
Firefox
Safari
UC
Iron
Internet Explorer
Opera
Android
Phantom
No info
Main article: Usage share of web browsers
StatCounter Jan. 2018 desktop share[12]
Google Chrome
65.98%
Mozilla Firefox
11.87%
Internet Explorer
7.28%
Safari
5.87%
Microsoft Edge
4.11%
Opera
2.35%
UC Browser
0.87%
Yandex Browser
0.52%
Cốc Cốc
0.22%
QQ Browser
0.2%
Chromium
0.13%
Sogou Explorer
0.12%
Maxthon
0.12%
PhantomJS
0.06%
360 Secure Browser
0.06%
Pale Moon
0.04%
Vivaldi
0.04%
Mozilla Suite
0.03%
SeaMonkey
0.03%
Amigo
0.02%
Naver Whale
0.01%
Other
0.05%
See also[edit]
Internet portal
Software portal
Mobile browser
List of web browsers
Timeline of web browsers
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "What is a Browser?". Google (on YouTube). 2009-04-30. Less than 8% of people who were interviewed on this day knew what a browser was.
Jump up ^ "Difference Between Search Engine and Browser".
Jump up ^ "Tim Berners-Lee: WorldWideWeb, the first Web client". W3.org. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
Jump up ^ Gillies, James; Cailliau, R. (2000). How the Web was Born: The Story of the World Wide Web. Oxford University Press. p. 6. ISBN 0192862073. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Jump up to: a b "Bloomberg Game Changers: Marc Andreessen". Bloomberg. 17 March 2011. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
Jump up ^ "Mozilla Firefox Internet Browser Market Share Gains to 7.4%". Search Engine Journal. 24 November 2004. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
Jump up ^ Stewart, William. "Web Browser History". Retrieved 5 May 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "StatCounter Global Stats – Browser, OS, Search Engine including Mobile Usage Share". Retrieved 2 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Internet Explorer usage to plummet below 50 percent by mid-2012". 3 September 2011. Retrieved 4 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "StatCounter Global Stats – Browser, OS, Search Engine including Mobile Usage Share". Retrieved 2 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Behind the scenes of modern web browsers". Tali Garsiel. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
Jump up ^ "Desktop Browser Market Share Worldwide". StatCounter.
External links[edit]
Wikiversity has learning resources about Web Browser
Media related to Web browsers at Wikimedia Commons
[show]
v
t
e
Web browsers
Comparison
lightweight
History
List
Unix & Unix-like
Timeline
Usage share
Features
Ad filtering
Augmented browsing
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Browser extension
Browser security
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Favicon
Incremental search
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Web standards
Acid tests
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HTML
HTML5
JavaScript
MathML
SVG
WebGL
XHTML
Protocols
HTTP
HTTPS
OCSP
SPDY
SSL/TLS
WebSocket
WPAD
Related topics
BrowserChoice.eu
CRL
iLoo
Internet suite
Man-in-the-browser
Mobile Web
Offline reader
PAC
Pwn2Own
Rich Internet application
Site-specific browser
Widget
World Wide Web
XML
[show]
Desktop
Blink-based
Brave
Chrome
Chromium
Dragon
Falkon
Opera
Sleipnir
Slimjet
SRWare Iron
UC Browser
Vivaldi
Yandex Browser
Sputnik
SafeZone
Whale
Gecko-based
AT&T Pogo
Avant
Camino
Firefox
Conkeror
GNU IceCat
IceDragon
Swiftfox
Swiftweasel
TenFourFox
Timberwolf
Tor Browser
Waterfox
xB Browser
Galeon
Ghostzilla
Goanna
Basilisk
Pale Moon
K-Meleon
Kazehakase
Kirix Strata
Lotus Symphony
Lunascape
Mozilla
Beonex Communicator
Classilla
Netscape
SeaMonkey
Trident-based
AOL Explorer
Avant
Deepnet Explorer
GreenBrowser
Internet Explorer
Lunascape
Maxthon
MediaBrowser
MenuBox
NeoPlanet
NetCaptor
SlimBrowser
SpaceTime
UltraBrowser
WebbIE
ZAC Browser
WebKit-based
Arora
Avant
Dooble
Epic
Flock
Fluid
iCab
Konqueror
Lunascape
Maxthon
Midori
OmniWeb
Origyn Web Browser
Otter Browser
QtWeb
rekonq
Safari
Shiira
SlimBoat
surf
Torch
Uzbl
Epiphany
WebPositive
xombrero
Text-based
ELinks
Emacs/W3
Line Mode Browser
Links
Lynx
w3m
Other
abaco
Amaya
Arachne
Arena
Charon
Dillo
eww
Gazelle
HotJava
IBM Home Page Reader
IBrowse
KidZui
Microsoft Edge
Mosaic
Mothra
NetPositive
NetSurf
Qihoo 360 Secure Browser
[show]
Mobile
Blink-based
Android Browser
Chromium
Brave
Chrome for Android
Opera Mobile
Silk
Firefox Focus for Android
Gecko-based
Firefox for Android
MicroB
Minimo
Waterfox
WebKit-based
BOLT
Dolphin Browser
Chrome for iOS
Firefox for iOS
Firefox Focus for iOS
Maxthon
Mercury Browser
Nokia Browser for Symbian
Opera Coast
Rockmelt
Safari
Steel
Other
Blazer
CM Browser
Deepfish
Internet Explorer Mobile
Iris Browser
Konqueror Embedded
Microsoft Edge
NetFront
Opera Mini
Skweezer
Skyfire
Teashark
ThunderHawk
UC Browser
Vision
WinWAP
[show]
Television and video game console
Gecko-based
Kylo
Presto-based
Internet Channel
WebKit-based
Google TV
Nintendo 3DS Internet Browser
Nintendo DS & DSi Browser
NetFront
Steam Overlay
Wii U Internet Browser
Other
MSN TV
Software no longer in development shown in italics
Category
Commons
Internet portal
Software portal
[show]
v
t
e
Timeline of web browsers
[show]
General
Comparison
lightweight
History
List
for Unix
Usage share
[show]
1990s
1990
WorldWideWeb (Nexus)
1991
Line Mode Browser
libwww
1992
Erwise
MacWWW (Samba)
MidasWWW
tkWWW
ViolaWWW
1993
AMosaic
Arena
Cello
Emacs/W3
Lynx 2
NCSA Mosaic
VMS Mosaic
1994
AirMosaic
Internet in a Box
ANT Fresco
Argo
IBM WebExplorer
SlipKnot
Minuet
Navipress
Mosaic/Mosaic Netscape/Netscape Navigator
Spyglass Mosaic
TCP/Connect II
1995
Agora
ALynx
AMSD Ariadna
Cyberjack
eWorld Web Browser
Grail
Internet Explorer 1
Internet Explorer 2
Netscape Navigator 2
NetShark
OmniWeb
HotJava
UdiWWW
WebShark
1996
Cyberdog
Arachne
AWeb
IBrowse
Amaya
Internet Explorer 3
Netscape Navigator 3
Opera 2
Oracle PowerBrowser
tcpCONNECT4
Voyager
1997
Netscape Communicator
Internet Explorer 4
Opera 2.1
1998
NeoPlanet
Mozilla Application Suite
Opera 3–3.21
1999
iCab
Internet Explorer 5
Omniweb 3
Opera 3.5–3.62
[show]
2000s
2000
Beonex Communicator
Galeon
K-Meleon
MediaBrowser
Netscape 6
Opera 4–4.02
2001
iCab 2.5
Internet Explorer 6
Omniweb 4
Opera 5–5.12
2002
Avant Browser 7
Camino
Epiphany
Netscape 7
Opera 6–6.1
2003
GreenBrowser
Maxthon
Opera 7–7.3
Safari
SlimBrowser
2004
Avant Browser 9
Phoenix/Firebird/Firefox
Opera 7.5–7.55
2005
AOL Explorer
Deepnet Explorer
Firefox 1.5
Opera 8–8.54
Safari 2
2006
Avant Browser 11
Firefox 2
Internet Explorer 7
Opera 9–9.27
2007
Maxthon 2
Opera 9.5–9.64
Safari 3
SeaMonkey 1.1
2008
Google Chrome
Firefox 3
Netscape Browser
Netscape Navigator 9
NetSurf 1.2
2009
Avant Browser 11.7
Google Chrome 2–3
Firefox 3.5
Internet Explorer 8
Opera 10–10.63
Pale Moon
Safari 4
SeaMonkey 2.0
[show]
2010s
2010
Google Chrome 4–8
Firefox 3.6
Lunascape 6.0.1
Maxthon 3
NetSurf 2.5
Opera 11–11.64
Safari 5
2011
Google Chrome 9–16
Firefox 4–9
Internet Explorer 9
Lunascape 6.5
Opera 12–12.17
SeaMonkey 2.1–2.4
Waterfox
2012
Google Chrome 17–23
Firefox 10–17
Internet Explorer 10
Lunascape 6.7
Maxthon 3.4
NetSurf 2.9
Safari 6
2013
Google Chrome 24–31
Firefox 18–26
Internet Explorer 11
Opera 15–18
Safari 7
SeaMonkey 2.15–2.22
2014
Google Chrome 32–39
Firefox 27–34
Lunascape 6.9
NetSurf 3.1
Opera 19–26
Safari 8
SeaMonkey 2.23–2.31
2015
Google Chrome 40–47
Firefox 35–43
Lunascape 6.10–6.12
Microsoft Edge 20, 25
Opera 27–34
Safari 9
SeaMonkey 2.32–2.39
Vivaldi
2016
Google Chrome 48–55
Firefox 44–50
Lunascape 6.13–6.15
Microsoft Edge 38
Opera 35–42
Safari 10
2017
Basilisk
Brave
Google Chrome 56–63
Firefox 51–57
Microsoft Edge 40, 41
Opera 43–49
Safari 11
SeaMonkey 2.46–2.49
[show]
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Advisory speed limit
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
A U.S. advisory speed limit sign, warning drivers of a curve ahead.
An advisory speed limit is a speed recommendation by a governing body, used when it may be non-obvious to the driver that the safe speed is below the legal speed. It is a posting which approximates the Basic Speed Law or rule, and is subject to enforcement as such. Advisory speed limits are often set in areas with many pedestrians, such as in city centers and outside schools, and on difficult stretches of roads, such as on tight corners or through roadworks. While travelling above the advisory speed limit is not illegal per se, it may be negligence per se and liability for any collisions that occur as a result of traveling above the limit can be placed partially or entirely on the person exceeding the advisory speed limit.
Signposting of advisory speed limits varies from country to country; Australia makes extensive use of advisory speed limits across its highway networks while the Richtgeschwindigkeit ("reference speed") in Germany is valid for the whole autobahn network (but can be overruled by speed limits in particular sections or for special reasons like weather conditions or roadworks), while the United States and the United Kingdom only give advisory speed limits for hazards such as bends.
Contents
[hide]
1 Use
1.1 United Kingdom
1.2 Australia
1.3 Germany
2 Signage
3 References
4 External links
Use[edit]
Use of advisory speed limits varies from country to country, but they are generally used to reduce speed along short stretches of dangerous road, such as on the tight curves of an off-ramp or on a busy shopping street. The advisory speed limit when not posted is generally the same as the mandatory speed limit in ideal conditions.
United Kingdom[edit]
In the United Kingdom, most speed limits imposed by variable-message signs are advisory, and there are no sanctions for drivers who exceed them; a notable exception being the Gatsometer-camera enforced, MIDAS and ATM variable limits on the M25, M42 and M6 motorways.[1] Crucially, the signs imposing these limits are distinct from regular, advisory VMS displays by the inclusion of a red ring surround, effectively changing them from advance hazard warnings into standard, mandatory speed-limit signs.
As local councils require consent from the Department for Transport before changing speed limits, some use advisory speed limits on roads that the DfT refuses to officially downgrade.[2]
The usefulness of advisory speed limits has been questioned by a number of studies: one group from the Transportation Research Board found advisory speed limits through roadworks being consistently flouted by motorists,[3] while an investigation by Manchester Evening News found that almost all buses in Manchester city centre exceeded the local 10 miles per hour (16 km/h) advisory speed limit; some by as much as 30 miles per hour (48 km/h).[4]
Australia[edit]
In Australia, if a person is involved in a single vehicle accident and the resulting investigation reveals that the driver was exceeding the Advisory Speed Limit displayed it can be a breach of the Insurance Cover Contract, resulting in no pay-out.
Germany[edit]
Now abolished German signs (in km/h) indicating the beginning and end of an advisory speed limit.
The Richtgeschwindigkeit (German Advisory or Suggested Speed of Travel) is a legal term in Germany describing the advisory speed limit for roads without a mandatory speed limit. Autobahns (German plural form: Autobahnen) have an advisory speed limit of 130 kilometres per hour (81 mph) on non-signposted sections.
Exceeding the advised speed is not a criminal offense, however an increased liability in the case of an accident may result from driving faster than the recommended speed, due to an increased danger of operating the vehicle.[5]
In Germany, the Autobahn-Richtgeschwindigkeits-Verordnung (Directive on Reference Speed on Motorways), introduced in 1974, recommends a speed of no more than 130 km/h (81 mph) for autobahns and similar roads, whose lanes are separated by a median or which have at least two lanes per direction, provided there are no traffic signs posting a lower speed limit.
Until 31 August 2009, a different reference speed could be posted by the traffic signs number 380 and 381, according to §42 of the German traffic code (Straßenverkehrsordnung, StVO), as seen above. As these traffic signs were only rarely used, they meanwhile have been abolished.
Signage[edit]
The signage for advisory speed limits is not defined by the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, and is therefore not standardised internationally. The United States uses a small yellow sign under the main warning sign, as well as a standalone variation on the standard speed limit sign, with a yellow background instead of a white one, the words "speed limit" omitted and an additional panel stating the type of hazard ahead. Though they list speeds, the U.S. advisory speed signs are classified as warning signs, not regulatory signs, as primary speed signs are.[6] Australia uses a similar design as the U.S. in spite of regulatory speed limit signs being quite different. Germany used a square sign with a blue background and white lettering, similar to the minimum speed limit sign,[5] and New Zealand uses a yellow background with black lettering (similar to the Australian design without the "km/h" lettering). The United Kingdom currently uses an oblong white rectangle with black lettering stating "Max Speed".
Most of Europe
Australia
Australia (motorway exits)
Australia (with diagram of motorway exit shape)
Victoria, Australia
Western Australia, Australia (traffic-calming bumps, known as speed bumps)
Canada
Canada (Ontario) (highway ramps and exits)
Denmark
Finland
Japan
Netherlands
New Zealand
New Zealand (motorway exits)
New Zealand (dangerous curve)
New Zealand (extremely dangerous curve)
New Zealand (warning of danger of truck roll-over)
Norway
Philippines
South Korea
Sweden
United Kingdom (imperial)
United Kingdom (roadworks, imperial)
United States (customary)
United States (metric)
United States (highway exits)
United States (highway ramps)
United States (highway curves)
United States (warning of danger of truck roll-over)
United States (integrated into curve warning sign)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Safer motorway driving". Department for Transport. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
Jump up ^ "Speed limits". Bristol City Council. Archived from the original on 17 October 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
Jump up ^ Pesti, Geza; Jessen, Daniel; Byrd, Patrick; McCoy, Patrick. "Traffic Flow Charactaristics of the Late Merge Work Zone Control Strategy" (PDF). Transportation Research Board. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-05-30.
Jump up ^ "Speeding buses put lives at risk". Manchester Evening News. 2005-04-26. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
^ Jump up to: a b "Autobahnrichtgeschwindigkeitsverordnung" (PDF) (in German). German Federal Government. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-28.
Jump up ^ Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (2009 edition), Section 2C.06
External links[edit]
Media related to Advisory speed limit road signs at Wikimedia Commons
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Lost in Space (2018 TV series)
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Lost in Space
Series logotype
Genre
Science fiction
Adventure
Family drama
Created by
Irwin Allen
Developed by
Matt Sazama
Burk Sharpless
Starring
Toby Stephens
Molly Parker
Maxwell Jenkins
Taylor Russell
Mina Sundwall
Ignacio Serricchio
Parker Posey
Composer(s)
Christopher Lennertz
John Williams (original theme)
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
1
No. of episodes
10 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Matt Sazama
Burk Sharpless
Zack Estrin
Kevin Burns
Jon Jashni
Neil Marshall
Marc Helwig
Location(s)
Vancouver, British Columbia
Cinematography
Sam McCurdy
Running time
47–65 minutes
Production company(s)
Sazama Sharpless Productions
Applebox Entertainment
Synthesis Entertainment
Clickety-Clack Productions
Legendary Television
Distributor
Netflix
Release
Original network
Netflix
Picture format
4K (Ultra HD)
Original release
April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13) – present
Chronology
Related shows
Lost in Space
Lost in Space (film)
External links
Website
Lost in Space is an American science fiction television series based on a re-imagining of the 1965 series of the same name (itself a re-imagining of the 1812 novel The Swiss Family Robinson), following the adventures of a family of pioneering space colonists whose ship veers off-course. It is written by Matt Sazama and Burk Sharpless and consists of ten episodes produced by Legendary Television, Synthesis Entertainment, Clickety-Clack Productions, and Applebox Entertainment, with Zack Estrin serving as showrunner. Netflix released the series on April 13, 2018.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Premise
2 Cast
2.1 Main
2.2 Additional characters
3 Episodes
4 Production
4.1 Development
4.2 Filming
5 Release
6 Reception
7 References
8 External links
Premise[edit]
When a celestial object, dubbed "The Christmas Star" by the media, crashes into Earth and threatens humanity's survival in 2046, mankind launches the Resolute, an interstellar spacecraft carrying selected families to colonize a new world. The Robinson family is selected for the 24th mission of the Resolute. Before they reach their destination, an alien robot breaches the Resolute's hull. Some of the families are forced to evacuate the mothership in their short range Jupiter spacecraft. The Robinsons and other colonists crash land on a habitable nearby planet where they battle the strange new environment and their own personal demons as they attempt to find a way back to the Resolute.[1]
Cast[edit]
This section may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may only interest a specific audience. Please help by spinning off or relocating any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against Wikipedia's inclusion policy. (April 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Main[edit]
Molly Parker as Maureen Robinson, a fearless and brilliant aerospace engineer taking her family on the mission to colonize Alpha Centauri for a new life on a better world. She is a mission commander. She is married to John Robinson and is the mother of three children.[2]
Toby Stephens as John Robinson, a former U.S. Navy SEAL, and husband to Maureen. He is the biological father of Maureen's two younger children and step-father to her eldest child.[better reference needed]
Maxwell Jenkins as Will Robinson, the 11-year-old son and youngest child of Maureen and John Robinson.[3]
Taylor Russell as Judy Robinson, the 18-year-old eldest child of Maureen Robinson and step-daughter of John Robinson. She is a mission doctor, having received accelerated medical training.[4] She is Maureen's child from her first marriage before John.
Mina Sundwall as Penny Robinson, the second-oldest Robinson child.[5]
Ignacio Serricchio as Don West, a roughneck mechanical engineer who also smuggles luxury goods.[6]
Parker Posey as Dr. Smith, whose real name is June Harris. (The name is a tribute to June Lockhart, who played Maureen Robinson in the 1960s series, and Jonathan Harris, who played the original series' Dr. Smith[7]). June Harris is a criminal and a sociopath who uses other people’s identities to claim their belongings. In the series, June first steals her sister, Jessica's, identity and assumes her place on the colony ship. She later impersonates Dr. Zachary Smith, to take his seat on an evacuating Jupiter ship. After landing on the planet, she attempts to sabotage the Jupiters' chances of being rescued by the Resolute while manipulating and gaslighting the survivors to avoid prosecution for her crimes. The theft of Dr. Zachary Smith's identity is a reference to the corresponding Dr. Smith character of the original TV series, [8] This doctor is played by Bill Mumy, the actor who played Will Robinson in the original show.
Additional characters[edit]
Brian Steele plays the Robot,[9] an alien mechanoid being that Will first encounters on the planet that his family crash lands on. The robot has a different form from the ones on the previous series and movie.[10]
Raza Jaffrey as Victor Dhar, an educated and officious man with a sense of entitlement. Victor has been a career-builder and politician from a young age. His arrogance and impatience masks an underlying fear that it will be discovered that he is not quite good enough.[11]
Ajay Friese as Vijay Dhar, Victor and Prisha Dhar's son
Veenu Sandhu as Prisha Dhar. Victor's wife and mother to Vijay
Sibongile Mlambo as Angela Goddard
Kiki Sukezane as Aiko Watanabe
Amelia Burstyn as Dianne
Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa as Hiroki Watanabe
Yukari Komatsu as Naoko Watanabe
Adam Greydon Reid as Peter Beckert
Iain Belcher as Evan
Rowan Schlosberg as Connor
AnnaMaria Demara as Tam Roughneck, Don's co-worker (Tam having been the daughter in the 1960's comic book Space Family Robinson)
Selma Blair as Jessica Harris, June's younger sister
Bill Mumy as Dr. Zachary Smith
Episodes[edit]
This article's plot summaries may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve them by removing unnecessary details and making them more concise. (April 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date
1
"Impact" Neil Marshall Matt Sazama & Burk Sharpless April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)
The Jupiter Mission 24 Colonial spacecraft Resolute, a large ferris wheel style ship, is carrying colonists, including the Robinson family, to Alpha Centauri. The Resolute is attacked and colonists escape in their “family home” Jupiter landing crafts but are hurled into a wormhole, with some crash landing on an Earth-like planet. The Robinsons' craft, Jupiter 2, crashes into a glacial bed. The family evacuates with some supplies and equipment, but the craft soon sinks to the bottom of a pool of water. Eldest Robinson child, Judy, who is the family member with medical skills, dives to the ship to retrieve a battery to power equipment during the sub-zero night. While swimming to the surface, just short of the surface she becomes encased in ice as the water refreezes. With five hours of oxygen left in Judy's suit, John and son, Will, set out to collect magnesium (identified by Will) to react with and melt the ice. Judy guides her sister, Penny, through a medical procedure to treat their injured mother, Maureen. Inside a cave on the way collect magnesium, Will falls down a chasm, landing uninjured at the edge of forest. John radios Will, saying he will return after saving Judy. Alone, Will finds a crashed alien ship and a dying robot that Will helps to self-repair. In return, it saves Will as a forest fire nearly engulfs them. The multi-limbed robot then transforms itself into a friendlier humanoid form. The family attempt to free Judy, but a sudden rainstorm hinders their progress. Will and the Robot arrive, and the Robot rescues Judy. In a flashback scene, a woman steals the identity of Dr. Zachary Smith and boards a Jupiter landing, along with Don West and Tam Roughneck.
2
"Diamonds In The Sky" Neil Marshall Matt Sazama & Burk Sharpless April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)
Don West, Smith, and Debbie the chicken survive the Jupiter 18 landing, Tam Roughneck does not. Don spots a parachute in the distance and goes to investigate, taking Smith and the chicken with him. They find Angela Goddard, who is barely alive. Seeing distant smoke that could be Angela's ship, they head off, with Don carrying Angela. When they take cover from an incoming storm, Smith offers to search for help while Don stays with Angela. Meanwhile, the alien robot melts a hole through the ice to begin the process of raising Jupiter 2. Penny notes a distant explosion, discerning it is another Jupiter craft. Maureen and John, along with Will and the robot, hike there. They get Will to ask the robot to take them where he found it as they wish to examine the robot's ship. John and Maureen enter the ship where a holographic map of the planet is activated, showing they are in an unidentified galaxy. Outside, the robot touches the ship's hull, creating a mental connection to Will who experiences a vision of the robot's killing rampage aboard the Resolute. The shocking link severs when the robot jerks its hand away, leaving Will uneasy about the robot, whose memory appears to be damaged. Will surmises its system may have rebooted. He decides to say nothing to his parents about the vision. Penny takes a Chariot (an all-terrain vehicle) from the ship to rescue her family from an approaching deadly storm. As they head back to Jupiter 2 Don sees them and attempts to signal for help. He discovers that Smith tricked him and has stolen the flare gun. The Robinsons find Smith, who claims to be alone. They safely return to Jupiter 2.
3
"Infestation" Tim Southam Zack Estrin April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)
In a flashback, Smith is revealed to be June Harris, the older ex-con sister of Jess Harris, a successful businesswoman. Jess gives June her entire estate as she is leaving Earth on Resolute. June drugs Jess and removes her subcutaneous Jupiter ID chip and assumes her sister's identity. Aboard Resolute, June is approached by Jess' married lover, but realizing she is an impostor, he attempts to subdue her. During a struggle, he becomes trapped in an airlock and is blown out into space when June deliberately fails to override the system. June's actions are caught on a security camera, and she is arrested but escapes during the robot's attack. In the present, Maureen explains they are trillions of miles from Earth, but thinks there could be a way to return. At night, the ice layer over Jupiter 2 cracks, endangering the ship. They rush to complete repairs, but the engines are losing fuel. When Will and the robot discover large eel-like creatures in the conduits, the robot locks Will, along with Smith, in the storeroom for Will's protection, refusing to release them. John captures and kills one of the creatures and gives Maureen the carcass to study: the creatures are consuming the fuel. While locked in the storeroom, Smith suggests that the robot responds to Will's emotions rather than his commands. The glacier shifts, which forces the crew to make an emergency take-off after flushing the eels from the engines. They escape with just enough fuel to land near a forest region. Comms pick up radio communication from other Jupiter survivors and also from Resolute, who are searching for survivors. Later, it is revealed that the robot hacked the 3D printer to make a gun for Will to protect himself from the robot. Will orders the robot to not hurt anyone. He hides the gun, unaware Smith is watching.
4
"The Robinsons Were Here" Alice Troughton Katherine Collins April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)
Will has the robot assist John in setting up a perimeter. Will and Penny initiate Jupiter 2’s expansion protocol, while Smith and Will discuss the robot. Don West and Angela are rescued by the Watanabe family; Hiroki Watanabe reunites with John and Maureen at Jupiter 11 where Judy treats Angela. Angela tells Judy about the attack on Resolute. The Robinsons learn there were 63 survivors, 27 casualties, and about 13 Jupiter crafts that safely landed. However, none can fly due to the giant eels consuming the fuel. John notices that one crash site is not a Jupiter ship. Maureen, John, and Don go there and discover it is material ripped off Resolute, including the comm dish. This explains why the survivors' emergency messages are not being received by Resolute. Maureen also discovers the contraband whiskey that Don smuggled aboard to sell. Judy confronts Will about the robot, and he reveals he knew it attacked the Resolute. They decide to hide the robot in a nearby cave, unaware that Smith is following them. On the way, they hide from another survivor group, but one member, Vijay, a teen-aged boy, spots them. Penny blackmails Vijay to say nothing about the robot, having found and keeping an item he dropped. Penny tags ‘The Robinsons were here’ in the cave. After the three add their hand prints to the wall, the robot does the same. While away, Maureen and John discuss their marital problems. The next morning, the kids return to Jupiter 2 before their parents return. Smith talks to the robot inside the cave, attempting to instill distrust in it about Will. When John and Maureen return home, the kids tell them that the robot wandered away.
5
"Transmission" Deborah Chow Kari Drake April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)
The survivors build an intense-light tower to try to signal the Resolute. Maureen, noticing the rapid rate of change in the length of days and increased temperatures, leaves to conduct an experiment. Using a weather balloon, she observes the sun from high in the atmosphere, discovering their star is actually a deadly star/black hole binary system. The planet will soon pass between them, eradicating all life on its surface. Will ignores Penny and Judy's advice to tell their father about the Robot. Penny develops a crush on Vijay, flirting with him as they move supplies. Smith asks Will for a favor. Don confronts Smith about the stolen flare gun, though she claims she took it by mistake. In a flashback, Maureen and the kids discuss pros versus cons of going to Alpha Centauri. Judy and Don discuss his smuggling activities. He also reveals his suspicions about Smith's identity. Judy confronts Smith about this, but Smith lies and instead casts doubt on Don. The survivors activate the light signal, but Smith sneaks away and shuts off the perimeter fence. Smith tells John about the kids hiding the robot. Meanwhile, a large reptilian creature enters the camp and attacks and destroys the light signal. Another creature shows up, hunting the survivors. Smith tells Will to call the robot. It saves the survivors, who now know it exists and that it attacked the Resolute.
6
"Eulogy" Vincenzo Natali Ed McCardie April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)
Maureen debates telling the other survivors about the black hole while John discusses the robot with them. While Angela is enraged that it killed her husband, John argues that it is rebooted and obedient to Will. After adjourning the meeting, Smith, who claims to be a psychologist, offer to "counsel" Angela. The community allows the robot to stay but Will must report all its activities. John takes Will and the robot to a cliff edge and performs a psychologically disturbing lesson. Don offers to sell Victor Dhar his wrecked craft's fuel. It crashed in the desert where there are none of the eel-like creatures which feed on fuel. The craft is precariously perched on a cliff, but the group successfully drain the fuel. Don risks entering Dr. Z. Smith's Jupiter 18 quarters to retrieve proof of the fake Smith's fraud. He retrieves one item before escaping just before the craft dives over the cliff. Don shows Judy a hospital badge with a photo of a man named Dr. Smith. Maureen learns that Hiroki also knows the planet is dying. Penny and Vijay go to a waterfall which has dried up since her earlier visit. She tells him about the black hole but swears him to secrecy. Penny read Vijay's poem, and they share a kiss. Back at camp, Smith "counsels" Angela about the robot's attack, making her recount the horrifying details. Smith channels Angela's raw anger to condition her. John takes Will on a hike with the robot to discuss Will's responsibility for the robot's actions. He has Will fetch 27 large stones to build a memorial to the casualties. Later, Smith suggests that Will ask Maureen to join the others for their family night. Angela enters the hub with the gun and shoots at the robot. The robot goes into attack mode but Will orders it to stop, but not before it injures John. Distraught, Will takes the robot to a cliff and orders it to walk off. He then places a stone on the memorial for the robot.
7
"Pressurized" Tim Southam Vivian Lee April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)
Driving back to Jupiter 2, Don and Judy discuss Smith. When Judy radios home, Smith answers. Judy implies that she knows the truth about Smith, but Don stops her before she reveals more. Smith tries to displace blame for Angela's rage by supposedly missing the warning signs. Maureen finds a watermark on the gun belonging to their 3D printer, so Will confirms the robot made it. As Will had hidden the gun under his bed, his parents suspect everyone else in the camp; Smith deflects suspicion to Victor. While driving, John and Maureen escape a geo-phenomenon but drive into a tar pit, trapping the vehicle under hot tar. John opens up about his choices leading to their departure, and Maureen admits to altering Will's failed test results to bring him on the mission. To escape the vehicle, Maureen uses the helium weather balloon to create a shielded path to the surface. Meanwhile, Smith locates the destroyed robot, planning to reassemble it to be subservient to her. Smith becomes enraged when it does not self-repair. Don's group detours through a dangerous geyser patch after another quake, but the fuel tanker malfunctions. Evan manually fixes the problem, but another quake flips the tanker on him. Victor wants to save the fuel. Don makes a moral choice to free Evan, spilling hundreds of gallons of fuel; shortly after, Evan dies while en route to base camp. Back on Jupiter 2, while Penny helps Will recover from killing the robot, Smith reviews Will's logs to find a frequency that reactivates the robot. When Victor returns home, Vijay tells him about the planet's coming demise. Victor chooses to lift off.
8
"Trajectory" Stephen Surjik Katherine Collins & Kari Drake April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)
As the Dhar's Jupiter 4 is mid-launch, Maureen radios Victor, urgently warning him that the ship has too little fuel to escape the planet's atmosphere and will crash. John infiltrates the Jupiter 4, and activates the emergency shut down. He gathers all survivors to explain the planet's situation. One ship can be launched using Maureen's plan to incorporate NASA's early mission protocols. The Jupiter 4 will be stripped of excess weight and systems, and the launch controlled from the ground, though once aloft needs a pilot. As everyone prepares the ship, Smith offers to help Will back on the Jupiter 2. Later, Judy tells Maureen the truth about 'Dr. Smith'. Returning to Jupiter 2, Maureen tricks Smith and confines her to a storeroom. Smith recounts partial truths and claims she is really Jessica Harris, a physicist. She implies she may have sabotaged Jupiter 4. When reviewing pilots, John's skills are found to be near perfect, but during the prep-test, John repeatedly fails on the procedure. The Resolute sends a message that due to Hawking radiation, they must leave the solar system within 24 hours. Don reluctantly agrees to help pilot the ship. With his assistance, the prep-tests are successful. In holding, Smith tricks Will into releasing her. Later, as John and Don launch in Jupiter 4, Smith escapes leaving Will bound, and knocks out Maureen before she can give John the course change information. Their ship explodes, and John and Don are presumed dead.
9
"Resurrection" Tim Southam Story by : Daniel McLellan
Teleplay by : Kari Drake April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)
In a flashback, Maureen wonders how Earth's detection network failed to detect the Christmas Star meteor months in advance. Meanwhile, Will is transmitting a radio signal to John, who is on a tour of duty. On the Resolute, after escaping custody, Smith overhears two administrators arguing over the engine, which is revealed was stolen from aliens. In the present, Will uses the same radio frequency to try and signal his father, convinced he survived the explosion. In the forest, Smith tells a captive Maureen how she needs her help to reach the alien ship. At the alien craft, Smith reasons that the Robot was likely powered by the ship, but gets no results. Will discovers that the rocks he collected are petrified biomass that can fuel the Jupiter ships to reach Resolute. Hiroki confirms this and says the cave contains enough biomass. However, it must be retrieved quietly to avoid alerting predators living in the cave. Inside the alien ship, Smith is standing against a wall when Maureen notices strands of Smith's hair standing up. Whatever is on the other side is causing it, and Maureen recalls a similar incident on the Resolute. Opening the hatch, she sees that it is the same type of engine that is on the Resolute. Maureen concludes the robot was sent to retrieve the aliens' stolen technology. The Christmas Star was not a meteor but another alien craft. The U.S. government stole their advanced technology, which caused the extinction event. In the cave, Will's radio beeps, awakening the creatures. Angela saves Hiroki, Penny, and Vijay, but they must move quietly to escape with the remaining biomass. Judy uses GPS to track Smith and finds a probable location. Using the chicken as a decoy, Judy tranquilizes Smith and frees Maureen. On fleeing, the robot is reactivated and blocks their escape; it is now linked to Smith.
10
"Danger, Will Robinson" David Nutter Matt Sazama & Burk Sharpless April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)
John and Don survived the explosion and are clinging to ship wreckage in orbit. As other Jupiter crafts are successfully launched, Maureen delays take-off to deal with Smith and the restored robot. When John transmits a signal, Maureen persuades Smith to help her rescue him before rendezvousing with Resolute. Maureen and Smith launch the ship into orbit; unbeknownst to them, the robot had hid the alien ship's engine under the land rover. They successfully launch and have one hour to find John and then dock with Resolute before it leaves orbit. Smith, flanked by the robot, orders Maureen to abandon searching for John and fly to the Resolute. Maureen dives the ship back towards the planet. The Robot's protection response is triggered, and it forces Smith into the hub, the ship's strongest section. Maureen locks Smith and the robot inside, but Smith figures out how to escape. Maureen leads the robot into the cargo bay where she intends to blow it out the hatch. The girls hide in the pressurized rover while Maureen and Will put on space suits. When Will tries and fails to reestablish his connection to the robot, Maureen blows it out the hatch. An alien ship arrives to retrieve the engine. Will's robot and the alien one climb back into Jupiter 2. When the alien robot is about to kill Will, his robot remembers him and destroys the alien, saving Will. Maureen is unable to close the damaged cargo hatch. Will, overcoming his previous stress fears, goes outside the hull to manually close the hatch. He shuts it but loses his grip and floats away. He is caught by John, who has grabbed onto a tethered harpoon that Smith re-shot after Maureen's first attempt failed. Later, Maureen is grateful to Smith for saving John and Don West, but says Smith will remain locked up. The Resolute finds them, but before they can dock, the alien engine aboard Jupiter 2 takes control of the ship and triggers a wormhole, sending Jupiter 2 to a different galaxy. Will recognizes its shape from the robot's sand drawing: Danger.
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
In October 2014, it was announced that Legendary Television was developing a new reboot of Lost in Space and had hired Dracula Untold screenwriting duo Matt Sazama and Burk Sharpless to pen the new series.[12] In November 2015, Netflix landed the project.[13][14] On June 29, 2016, Netflix officially ordered a full 10 episode season of Lost in Space, with Zack Estrin as executive producer and showrunner. Sazama, Sharpless, Kevin Burns, Jon Jashni, Neil Marshall, and Marc Helwig also serve as executive producers.[15]
Toby Stephens, speaking about the distinction between the original series and the new show:
"It’s a very clever, modern reworking of a great story. Lost In Space is Swiss Family Robinson in space, so it was a story that existed before Lost In Space. The fundamental story is that it’s a family that is lost in a difficult, life-threatening situation and how it challenges them and brings them closer together. That is essentially what the story of this is, it’s just the context is a lot more modern. It's a more modern take on the '60s version. If you look at it now, it's charming, but it seems so innocent. Whereas this is a version that is for our time. I’m hoping it will still have humour and humanity in it, but it has obviously gotta be for a modern audience."[16]
Filming[edit]
Production on the first season began in January 2017, in Vancouver, British Columbia, and concluded in June 2017.[17][18]
Release[edit]
The series was released on April 13, 2018, on Netflix.[1] On March 31, 2018, the pilot of the series was screened exclusively at Awesome Con in Washington, D.C., followed by a Q&A session with series executive directors and writers Matt Sazama & Burk Sharpless.[19]
Reception[edit]
Lost In Space has received a moderate response from critics. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 68% approval rating with an average rating of 5.26/10, based on 49 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "Lost in Space's production values are ambitious enough to attract sci-fi adventure fans, while the story's large heart adds an emotional anchor to all the deep space derring-do."[20] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a normalized score of 58 out of 100 based on 27 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[21]
David Griffin of IGN gave the first season a rating of 8.5/10 calling it "an excellent sci-fi adventure with a slight villain problem," giving particular praise to the Robinson family, while criticising Parker Posey's Dr. Smith as an unsophisticated and one-dimensional character that lacks redeeming qualities. [22]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Otterson, Joe (February 21, 2018). "Netflix Reveals Lost in Space Reboot Premiere Date, First Trailer". Variety. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (September 28, 2016). "Lost In Space: Molly Parker To Star In Netflix Series Remake". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (September 20, 2016). "Toby Stephens To Topline Lost in Space Netflix Remake, Maxwell Jenkins To Co-Star". Deadline.com. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (September 16, 2016). "Lost in Space: Netflix Remake Casts Falling Skies Alum as Judy Robinson". TVLine. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (December 15, 2016). "Lost In Space: Mina Sundwall To Play Penny Robinson In Netflix Remake". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (December 13, 2016). "Lost In Space: Ignacio Serricchio To Play Don West In Netflix Remake". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ "What Dr. Smith Is Hiding On Netflix's Lost in Space". 14 April 2018.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (November 22, 2016). "Lost In Space: Parker Posey Joins Netflix Series Remake". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ Debnath, Neela (April 17, 2018). "Lost in Space 2018 robot actor: Who plays the robot in Lost in Space 2018?". Daily Express. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ Estrin, Zack (November 11, 2017). "Not quite 50 shades of grey, but... Testing metal colors for The Robot at #SpectralMotion. #LostInSpace #Netflix". Instagram. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (March 30, 2017). "Lost In Space: Raza Jaffrey Set To Recur In Netflix Series Remake". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (October 9, 2014). "Lost In Space Series Reboot In Works At Legendary TV With Dracula Writers". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (November 20, 2015). "Lost In Space TV Series Remake In Works At Netflix". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ White, Brett; Ching, Albert (November 20, 2015). "Lost in Space Remake in Development at Netflix". Comic Book Resources. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (June 29, 2015). "Lost In Space Remake Picked Up To Series By Netflix". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Leane, Rob (April 3, 2017). "Lost In Space: Toby Stephens teases Netflix's 'modern' retelling". Den of Geek!. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Takeuchi, Craig (January 3, 2017). "Vancouver Screen Scene: Lost in Space, Van Helsing, and more". Inside Vancouver. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bailey, Ian (March 30, 2017). "Vancouver's TV boom starts to fizzle as some shows move to California". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Hildebrand, David (April 1, 2018). "Netflix gave a first look of their Lost in Space remake at Awesome Con". Adventures in Poor Taste. Retrieved April 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Lost in Space: Season 1 (2018)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Lost in Space (2018): Season 1 Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Netflix's Lost in Space: Season 1 (2018)". IGN. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
External links[edit]
Lost in Space on Netflix
Lost in Space on IMDb
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2010s American science fiction television series
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