text:
King (surname)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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King is an English, Scottish and French surname.
Contents
[hide]
1 Origins and variants
2 List of people with the surname
2.1 Disambiguation of common names with this surname
2.2 Arts and music
2.3 Military
2.4 Politics and government
2.5 Sciences
2.6 Sports
2.7 Writing
2.8 Other
3 See also
4 References
Origins and variants[edit]
The English name may be related to the Old English word for a tribal leader, cyning, which may be related to the Proto-Germanic kuningaz.[1]
The Irish surname "King" is associated with County Galway and was often given to Irish-American immigrants as an anglicized form of the surname "Conroy", among others.
The Scottish surname "King" is a sept of the Clan Gregor / MacGregor.
The French surname "King", known in the form of Roy, originated from the Normans. They were the descendants of Norse Vikings from Denmark, Norway and Iceland who later migrated to Normandy.[2][3] It derives from the word rey or roi. The Normans brought this surname to England which in medieval times was used as a nickname either for one who behaved in a regal fashion, or who had earned the title in some contest of skill.[4]
List of people with the surname[edit]
Disambiguation of common names with this surname[edit]
Alan King (disambiguation)
Albert King (disambiguation)
Andrew or Andy King
Anthony King (disambiguation)
Catherine King (disambiguation)
Charles (Charlie, or Chuck) King
Chris King (disambiguation)
Daniel (or Dan, Danny) King
David (or Dave, Davey) King
Edward (Ed, or Eddie) King
Eric King (disambiguation)
Evelyn King (disambiguation)
Frank King (disambiguation)
Gary King (disambiguation)
George King (disambiguation)
Harry King (disambiguation)
Helen King (disambiguation)
Henry King (disambiguation)
Howard (or Howie) King
Ian King (disambiguation)
James (Jim, or Jimmy) King
Jack King (disambiguation)
Jason King (disambiguation)
Jeff (or Jeffrey) King
Joe or Joseph King
John (or Johnny) King
Kenneth King (or Ken, Kenny) King
Katie King (disambiguation)
Larry King (disambiguation)
Leonard (or Len) King
Mark King (disambiguation)
Mary King (disambiguation)
Martin King (disambiguation)
Matthew or Matt King
Mervyn King (disambiguation)
Michael (or Mike) King
Paul King (disambiguation)
Peter (or Pete) King
Philip (or Phil) King
Preston King (disambiguation)
Ray King (disambiguation)
Richard (or Rich) King
Robert (or Bob, Bobby, Rob, Robbie, or Robby) King
Ross King (disambiguation)
Rufus King (disambiguation)
Simon King (disambiguation)
Stephen, Steve or Steven King
Susan King (disambiguation)
Thomas (or Tom) King
Tony King (disambiguation)
William (or Bill, Billy, Will, Willie, Willy) King
Arts and music[edit]
Allyn King (1899–1930), American stage and film actress
B.B. King (1925-2015), American blues guitarist and singer-songwriter
Ben E. King (1938-2015), American singer
Bertie King (1912–1981), Jamaican jazz and mento musician
Bianca King (born 1985), Filipina actor
Bill King (1927-2005), American radio announcer
Brett King (1920-1999), American actor and businessman
Carole King, American singer and songwriter
Dennis King, actor
Earl King (1934-2003), American blues singer-songwriter
Earline Heath King (1913-2011), American sculptor
Emmett King (1865 – 1953), American actor
Fay King (cartoonist) (1889 – presumed dead), American newspaper cartoonist
Freddie King (1934-1976), American blues guitarist
Georgia King, actress
Hannah T. King (1808 - 1886), British-American writer
Héctor King, Mexican recording artist
Inge King (1915-2016), German-born Australian sculptor
Jazzy (or Jasmina) King, German-English singer
Jessie Marion King, Scottish painter and illustrator
Jonathan King, British musician and record producer
Jonathan King (film director), New Zealand film director
Kerry King (born 1964), American rock musician
Mabel King (1932-1999), American film, stage, and television actor
Marcia Gygli King (1931-2011), American artist
Mollie King (born 1987), British singer
Pee Wee King (1914-2000), American country music singer
Raj King, a television presenter played by Aatif Nawaz in the British web series Corner Shop Show.
Regina King (born 1971), American actor
Rowena King (born 1970), British actor
Ruby (or Natasha) King, German-English singer
Sidney E. King (1906-2002), American painter
Solomon King (1930–2005), American singer
Tara King, fictional character in The Avengers television series
Teddi King (1929-1977), American jazz and pop vocalist
Wayne King (1901-1985), American musician, singer, songwriter and orchestral leader
Wright King (born 1923), American actor
Military[edit]
Ernest King (1878–1956), US Navy admiral
James King, Retired US Army Lieutenant General
Politics and government[edit]
Adam King (1783–1835), former US Representative from Pennsylvania
Alveda King (born 1951), American politician and minister
Angela King (1938-2007), Jamaican diplomat
Bruce King (1924–2009), former governor of New Mexico
Coretta Scott King, American civil rights leader and widow of Martin Luther King, Jr.
Frederick King (born 1923), Canadian House of Commons member
Martin Luther King, Jr., American civil rights leader
Owen King (Wisconsin) (1845-1932), American politician and businessman
Ralph E. King (1902-1974), American physician and Louisiana state senator
William Lyon Mackenzie King, 10th prime minister of Canada
Sciences[edit]
Leonard William King (1869-1919), English archaeologist
Lester Charles King (1907–1989), English geomorphologist
Sports[edit]
Adam King (born 1995), Scottish footballer
Alex King (basketball) (born 1985), German basketballer
Barry King (decathlete) (born 1945), British Olympic decathlete, corporate director and author
Barry King (tennis) (born 1985), Irish tennis player
Bernard King (born 1956), American basketball player
Billie Jean King (born 1943), American tennis player
Cathy King, Canadian curler
Collis King, former West Indian cricketer
Dana M. King, American college sports coach
D. J. King (born 1984), Canadian professional ice hockey player
Dolly King (1916–1969), American basketball player
Don King (born 1931), American boxing promoter
Don King (born 1960), American surfing photographer
Dwight King (born 1989), Canadian professional ice hockey player
Emmit King (born 1959), American sprinter
Ernie King (1903–1993), English footballer who played for Southampton
Fay King (1922–1983), American football player
Gordon King, American football player
John King (rugby league), rugby league footballer of the 1940s
Kim King, American college football player
Lamar King (born 1975), American football player
Ledley King (born 1980), English footballer
Lilly King (born 1997), American swimmer
Marlon King (born 1980), Jamaican footballer
Reggie King (born 1957), American basketball player
Sam King (1911-2003), professional golfer
Savannah King (born 1992), Canadian freestyle swimmer
Shaun King (American football), American football player and sports commentator
Shawn King (basketball), (born 1982), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines basketball player
Syd King (1873-1933), English footballer and manager
Vania King (born 1989), American tennis player
W. J. King (1864-1934), American college football coach
Writing[edit]
Francis King (1923-2011), British novelist, poet, and short story writer
Grace King, American author
Harold R. "Hal" King, American suspense novelist
Stephen King, American horror author
Other[edit]
Basil King (1859–1928), Canadian clergy and novelist
Beverly Sedgwick King (1876–1935), philatelist of New York City
Jean Ledwith King (born 1924), American activist
Karen Leigh King (born 1954), American academic
Kelly King (born 1948), American businesswoman
Rodney King (1965–2012), American man beaten by Los Angeles police
Willford I. King, American statistician and economist
See also[edit]
Captain King (disambiguation)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Online Etymology Dictionary".
Jump up ^ Discover the meaning and history behind your last name, Ancestry.com, retrieved 25 November 2013 which cited Dictionary of American Family Names, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-508137-4 for the surname "Roy".
Jump up ^ "Norman". Encyclopædia Britannica.
Jump up ^ The Norman people and their existing descendants in the British dominions and the United States of America. Genealogical Pub Co. 1874. p. 403 & 321. ISBN 9780806306360. for the surname of "King" and "Roy".
This page lists people with the surname King. If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name(s) to the link.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=King_(surname)&oldid=815526377"
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text:
Epididymis
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Epididymis
Adult human testicle with epididymis: A. Head of epididymis, B. Body of epididymis, C. Tail of epididymis, and D. Vas deferens
The right testis, exposed by laying open the tunica vaginalis.
Details
Precursor
Wolffian duct
Vein
Pampiniform plexus
Identifiers
Latin
Epididymis
MeSH
D004822
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
The epididymis (/ɛpɪˈdɪdɪmɪs/; plural: epididymides /ɛpɪdɪˈdɪmədiːz/ or /ɛpɪˈdɪdəmɪdiːz/) is a tube that connects a testicle to a vas deferens in the male reproductive system. It is present in all male reptiles, birds, and mammals. It is a single, narrow, tightly-coiled tube (in adult humans, six to seven meters in length)[1] connecting the efferent ducts from the rear of each testicle to its vas deferens.
Contents
[hide]
1 Structure
1.1 Histology
1.1.1 Stereocilia
1.2 Development
2 Function
2.1 Role in storage of sperm and ejaculant
3 Clinical significance
3.1 Inflammation
3.2 Surgical removal
4 Gallery
5 See also
6 Notes
7 External links
Structure[edit]
The epididymis can be divided into three main regions:
The head (Latin: Caput). The head of the epididymis receives spermatozoa via the efferent ducts of the mediastinium of the testis. It is characterized histologically by a thick epithelium with long stereocilia (described below) and a little smooth muscle[2]. It is involved in absorbing fluid to make the sperm more concentrated. The concentration of the sperm here is dilute.
The body (Latin: Corpus). This has an intermediate epithelium and smooth muscle thickness[2].
The tail (Latin: Cauda). This has the thinnest epithelium of the three regions and the greatest quantity of smooth muscle[2].
In reptiles, there is an additional canal between the testis and the head of the epididymis and which receives the various efferent ducts. This is, however, absent in all birds and mammals.[3]
Histology[edit]
The epididymis is covered by a two layered pseudostratified epithelium. The epithelium is separated by a basement membrane from the connective tissue wall which has smooth muscle cells. The major cell types in the epithelium are:
Main cells: columnar cells that, with the basal cells, form the majority of the epithelium. These cells extend from the lumen to the basal lamina,[4] They also have non-motile stereocilia, which are long and branching in the head region and shorter in the tail region.[4] They also secrete carnitine, sialic acid, glycoproteins, and glycerylphosphorylcholine into the lumen.
Basal cells: shorter, pyramid-shaped cells which contact the basal lamina but taper off before their apical surfaces reach the lumen.[4] These are thought to be undifferentiated precursors of principal cells.[4]
Apical cells: predominantly found in the head region[4]
Clear cells: predominant in the tail region[4]
Intraepithelial lymphocytes: distributed throughout the tissue.[4]
Intraepithelial macrophages[5][6]
Stereocilia[edit]
The stereocilia of the epididymis are long cytoplasmic projections that have no motility and which aid in absorption.
These numerous apical modifications are often referred to as "stereocilia", as under the light microscope they look like cilia or the stereocilia of the inner ear. However, as electron microscopy has revealed them to be structurally and functionally more similar to the long, absorptive microvilli of other epithelia, some now refer to them as stereovilli.[7] These membrane extensions increase the surface area of the cell, allowing for greater absorption and secretion.[8]
The stereocilia in the epididymis are shaped by an internal actin network with no microtubule structure, and unlike true cilia are non-motile.[9] Because sperm are initially non-motile as they leave the seminiferous tubules, large volumes of fluid are secreted to propel them to the epididymis. The core function of the stereocilia is to resorb 90% of this fluid as the spermatozoa start to become motile. This absorption creates a fluid current that moves the immobile sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the epididymis. Spermatozoa do not reach full motility until they reach the vagina, where the alkaline pH is neutralized by acidic vaginal fluids.
Development[edit]
In the embryo, the epididymis develops from tissue that once formed the mesonephros, a primitive kidney found in many aquatic vertebrates. Persistence of the cranial end of the mesonephric duct will leave behind a remnant called the appendix of the epididymis. In addition, some mesonephric tubules can persist as the paradidymis, a small body caudal to the efferent ductules.
A Gartner's duct is a homologous remnant in the female.
Function[edit]
Role in storage of sperm and ejaculant[edit]
Spermatozoa formed in the testis enter the caput epididymis, progress to the corpus, and finally reach the cauda region, where they are stored. Sperm entering the caput epididymis are incomplete—they lack the ability to swim forward (motility) and to fertilize an egg. It stores the sperm for 2–3 months. During their transit in the epididymis, sperm undergo maturation processes necessary for them to acquire these functions.[10] Final maturation is completed in the female reproductive tract (capacitation).
The epididymis secretes some proteins that blocks the receptors on the plasma membrane of sperm head which renders sperm infertile inside the male tract (decapacitation).
During ejaculation, sperm flow from the lower portion of the epididymis (which functions as a storage reservoir). They have not been activated by products from the prostate gland, and they are unable to swim, but are transported via the peristaltic action of muscle layers within the vas deferens, and are mixed with the diluting fluids of the seminal vesicles and other accessory glands prior to ejaculation (forming semen).
Clinical significance[edit]
Inflammation[edit]
An inflammation of the epididymis is called epididymitis. It is much more common than testicular inflammation, termed orchitis.
Surgical removal[edit]
Epididymotomy is the placing of an incision into the epididymis and is sometimes considered as a treatment option for acute suppurating epididymitis. Epididymectomy is the surgical removal of the epididymis sometimes performed for post-vasectomy pain syndrome and for refractory cases of epididymitis.
Gallery[edit]
Human Male reproductive system.
Testis
Schematic drawing of a cross-section through a testicle.
Micrograph of an epididymis. H&E stain.
Microscopic shot.
Epididymis deep dissection.
See also[edit]
This article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see Anatomical terminology.
Epididymal hypertension
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Kim, Howard H.; Goldstein, Marc (2010). "Chapter 53: Anatomy of the epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicle". In Graham, Sam D.; Keane, Thomas E.; Glenn, James F. Glenn's urological surgery (7th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 356. ISBN 978-0-7817-9141-0.
^ Jump up to: a b c Bacha, William; Bacha, Linda (2012). Color Atlas of Veterinary Histology. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 226. ISBN 0470958510.
Jump up ^ Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977). The Vertebrate Body. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 394–395. ISBN 0-03-910284-X.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Kierszenbaum, Abraham L. (2002). Histology and cell biology : an introduction to pathology. St. Louis: Mosby. p. 556. ISBN 0-323-01639-1.
Jump up ^ Da Silva N, Cortez-Retamozo V, Reinecker HC, et al. (May 2011). "A dense network of dendritic cells populates the murine epididymis". Reproduction. 141 (5): 653–63. doi:10.1530/REP-10-0493. PMC 3657760  . PMID 21310816.
Jump up ^ Shum WW, Smith TB, Cortez-Retamozo V, et al. (May 2014). "Epithelial basal cells are distinct from dendritic cells and macrophages in the mouse epididymis". Biology of Reproduction. 90 (5): 90. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.113.116681. PMC 4076373  . PMID 24648397.
Jump up ^ Ross, Michael H.; Pawlina, Wojciech (2011). Histology: A Text and Atlas. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 110–112. ISBN 978-0-7817-7200-6.
Jump up ^ How sperm are re-absorbed into the body. vasectomy-information.com
Jump up ^ Efferent Ducts and Epididymis. umdnj.edu[unreliable medical source?]
Jump up ^ Jones RC (April 1999). "To store or mature spermatozoa? The primary role of the epididymis". International Journal of Andrology. 22 (2): 57–67. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2605.1999.00151.x. PMID 10194636.
External links[edit]
Look up epididymis in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Histology image: 16903loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University
inguinalregion at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (testes[dead link])
[hide]
v
t
e
Male reproductive system
Internal
Seminal tract
Testes
layers
Tunica vaginalis
Tunica albuginea
Tunica vasculosa
Appendix
Mediastinum
Lobules
Septa
Leydig cell
Sertoli cell
Blood–testis barrier
Spermatogenesis
Spermatogonium
Spermatocytogenesis
Spermatocyte
Spermatidogenesis
Spermatid
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2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is incomplete. Please help to improve it, or discuss the issue on the talk page. (February 2018)
2018 Winter Olympics
opening ceremony
Yuna Kim, South Korean Olympic figure skating champion, lights the Olympic cauldron
Date
9 February 2018 (2018-02-09)
Time
20:00–22:20 KST (UTC+9)
Location
Pyeongchang, South Korea
Coordinates
37°40′03″N 128°42′20″E / 37.66750°N 128.70556°E / 37.66750; 128.70556Coordinates: 37°40′03″N 128°42′20″E / 37.66750°N 128.70556°E / 37.66750; 128.70556
Also known as
Peace in Motion
Filmed by
SBS and OBS
Part of a series on the
2018 Winter Olympics
Bid process (bid details)
Venues
Torch relay
Mascots
Broadcasters
Opening ceremony (flag bearers)
Chronological summary
Medal table (medalists)
World and Olympic records
Controversies (ban on Russian athletes)
Closing ceremony (flag bearers)
Paralympics
IOC
KOC
POCOG
v
t
e
The opening ceremony of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium in Pyeongchang, South Korea on 9 February 2018. It began at 20:00 KST and finished at approximately 22:20 KST. The Games were officially opened by President of the Republic of Korea Moon Jae-in.
Contents
[hide]
1 Preparations
2 Ceremony
3 Programme
3.1 Parade of Nations
3.2 Torch lighting
3.3 Wish Fire
3.4 Intel® Drone Light Show
4 Controversies
4.1 Mike Pence
4.2 Russian hacking
5 Dignitaries in attendance
6 Anthems
7 Ceremony key team
8 References
9 External links
Preparations[edit]
The site of the opening ceremony, Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium, was built specifically for the Games. The pentagonal stadium seats 35,000. The organizers for the event said the shape was chosen because it is a combination of different shapes, a circle, a square, and a triangle, which represent heaven, earth, and mankind.[1] No Olympic or Paralympic events will be held at the stadium, which will only be used for the opening and closing ceremonies. The venue will be torn down afterwards.[2]
The broadcast of the Opening Ceremony of the 2018 Winter Olympic Games was available in more than 200 countries around the world.[3]
Ha Hyun-woo of the band Guckkasten, Ahn Ji-young of the musical duo Bolbbalgan4, Lee Eun-mi and Jeon In-kwon with his band Deulgukhwa performed and sang John Lennon's "Imagine" at the opening ceremony.[4]
The Rainbow Children's Choir performed an arrangement, with Korean traditional musical instruments, of the national anthem, “Aegukga”.[5] The multiethnic children’s choir was formed to educate the Korean public about multicultural families living in Korea. [6]
Insooni sang the theme song for the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Torch Relay, "Let Everyone Shine".[7]
Ceremony[edit]
The ceremony's message centered on peace, passion, harmony, and convergence.[1]
Five children from rural Gangwon province led the ceremony, which included one Inmyeonjo (a mythical creature with a body of a bird and a head of a man, a creature that only appears when the world is at peace), four mythical creatures, including a white tiger — spirit animal protector of Korea and the mascot of these Games, natural floral and fauna, and a cast of 2,000. Five children were used to symbolize the five Olympic rings, and the five names were chosen to represent fire, water, wood, metal, and earth, the five elements that are believed to make up the Earth.[1]
Augmented reality and 5G technology were also incorporated in the event. The largest drone show in history, featuring 1,218 Shooting Star drones, was planned for the ceremony but cancelled at the last minute; television audiences were shown a version that had been recorded the previous December.[8]
During the opening ceremony the organizing committee was a victim of a cyber attack, but without major consequences.
Programme[edit]
Parade of Nations[edit]
Main article: 2018 Winter Olympics Parade of Nations
The Parade of Nations was led, according to custom due to hosting the original ancient Olympics, by the Greek team, followed by other competing countries in alphabetical order based on their names in the Korean language, with the host country, South Korea, concluding the march.[9]
The delegations from both the host nation South Korea and North Korea (Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics) marched under the Korean unification flag.[9] South Korean Won Yun-jong and North Korean Hwang Chung-gum both held the flagpole.[10]
Even though the temperature in the stadium during the ceremony was very cold, Bermuda's delegation wore shorts and Tongan Pita Taufatofua repeated his shirtless and oiled up Summer Olympic appearance.[10]
Background music for the parade began with an instrumental version of "Hand in Hand" by Koreana and included modern dance remixes of songs such as "단발머리" by Cho Yong-pil and of traditional Korean music, as well as the following K-pop hits: "Gangnam Style" by Psy, "Likey" by Twice, "Fantastic Baby" by Big Bang, "DNA" by BTS, and "Red Flavor" by Red Velvet.[11] "Red Flavor" was cut off just as the unified Korean team was introduced.
Torch lighting[edit]
See also: 2018 Winter Olympics torch relay
Cauldron
The Olympic flame was on a 101-day relay across South Korea. The start of the ceremony takes place in Olympia of Greece. Apostles Angelis, 24 years old cross-country skier, is selected to be the first torchbearer. He said "It is a great honour for me to be chosen as the first torchbearer for the Olympic Winter Games of 2018. It is truly a unique moment that I am looking forward to. I feel very proud and with a unique sense of happiness." [12] Park Ji-Sung, football player in Republic of Korea, was the second person to hold the torch. After the flame touring around Greece for a week, it reached the Acropolis on 30th of October. [12] There were 36 ceremonies held in different cities over a week, then the flame arrived to the PyeongChang Panathenaic Stadium. More than 500 torchbearers participated to follow the rituals of Olympic cycle, and carried the message of peace.[13] In the stadium, Opera soloist Sumi Hwang sang the Olympic anthem during the torch lighting ceremony. The final person to hold the torch was Inbee Park, the golfer from Republic of Korea. Chung Su-hyon from North Korea and Park Jong-ah from South Korea carried the torch and headed up stairs toward the cauldron. [14]As the torch neared the cauldron, an ice skating rink with South Korean figure skater Yuna Kim was revealed.[10] Yuna Kim is the well-known figure skater who won gold medal in 2010 and silver metal in 2014.[14] The cauldron was designed to represent a full moon when it is not lit. Kim received the torch and lit the cauldron.[1]
Wish Fire[edit]
The final segment entitled "Wish Fire" featured Korean dance group Just Jerk[15] (who became known internationally for their participation in the twelfth season of America's Got Talent) entered the stage dressed as Dokkaebi, and performers with sparklers on roller blades. This segment in total featured 2,000 fireworks within and out of the stadium, some reaching as high as 1,300 metres (4,300 ft).[1]
Intel® Drone Light Show[edit]
More than 1,200 Intel Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or drones flying above Pyeong Chang to celebrate the opening of 2018 Winter Olympic Games. Intel® drone team now holds the Guinness World Record of flying largest number of drones. [16] The drones flew together to form custom animations illustrating snow boarding, skiing, other different sports, as well as the iconic Olympic rings. The Shooting Star drones carried on the symbol of unity and progress from lighting of the torch. [17]
Controversies[edit]
Mike Pence[edit]
While there is no protocol requiring guests to stand for the host country's arrival,[18] United States Vice President Mike Pence was criticized for not standing, as North and South Korean athletes entered during the Parade of Athletes.[18] Pence was accused of hypocrisy, with critics drawing parallels to national anthem protests by NFL athletes.[19][20][21]
Russian hacking[edit]
On 24 February, the Washington Post reported that U.S. intelligence uncovered Russian spies hacked computers during the Opening Ceremony, an act that was previously speculated to be the work of North Korea. Analysts believed the Russians instigated the February 9 attack as a way to retaliate for the International Olympic Committee’s decision to ban Russia from the 2018 Winter Olympics as punishment for doping violations.[22][23]
Dignitaries in attendance[edit]
Mike Pence, Vice President of the United States
Co-Prince of Andorra and President of France Emmanuel Macron[24]
Governor General Julie Payette[25][24]
Politburo standing member Han Zheng[26]
Vice President Óscar Naranjo[24]
President Kersti Kaljulaid[27]
Minister of Europe and Foreign Affairs Jean-Yves Le Drian[28] and Minister of Sports Laura Flessel
President Frank-Walter Steinmeier[29]
Sports Minister Luca Lotti[30]
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe[31]
President of Korea Moon Jae-In[32]
President Dalia Grybauskaitė[33]
President Hashim Thaçi[34]
Grand Duke Henri[35]
Prince Albert II[36]
King Willem Alexander, Queen Máxima and Prime Minister Mark Rutte[37]
President of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly Kim Yong-nam and Director of the Propaganda and Agitation Department of the Workers' Party of Korea Kim Yo-jong[38]
President Andrzej Duda[39]
Minister of Youth and Sports Vanja Udovičić[40]
President Andrej Kiska[41]
President Alain Berset[42]
Princess Anne[43]
Vice President Mike Pence and Second Lady Karen Pence[44]
Secretary-General António Guterres[45]
Kim Yo-jong attending the ceremony
On 9 February 2018, Kim Yo-jong — sister of Kim Jong-un — attended the ceremony in Pyeongchang, South Korea. This was a first time that a member of the ruling Kim dynasty had visited South Korea since the Korean War.[46] Kim Yo-jong shook hands with South Korean president Moon Jae-in before sitting down to watch the ceremony together.[10]
Anthems[edit]
Rainbow Children's Choir – South Korean National Anthem[5]
Sumi Hwang – Olympic Hymn[5]
Ceremony key team[edit]
Artistic Director: Yang Jung-woong[4]
Executive Director, creative: Song Seung-whan[47]
Executive Director, cinematography: Lim Tae-hong, Andrew
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Chappell, Bill (February 9, 2018). "Winter Olympics Opening Ceremony: Pyeongchang Welcomes The World". NPR. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ Eaton, Joe (February 9, 2018). "It's Time for the Pop-Up Olympics". CITYLAB. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Pyeongchang 2018 Opening Ceremony LIVE on 9 February 2018". 18 January 2018. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Hong, C. (30 January 2018). "Ha Hyun Woo, Bolbbalgan4's Ahn Ji Young, And More To Perform At Olympics Opening Ceremony". Soompi. Viki, Inc. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Garcia, Maira (10 February 2018). "Who Were the Singers at the Opening Ceremony of the Winter Olympics?". nytimes.com. Retrieved 2018-02-11.
Jump up ^ Garcia, Maira (10 Feb 2018). "Who Were the Singers at the Opening Ceremony of the Winter Olympics?". PyeongChang 2018.
Jump up ^ PyeongChang 2018 (21 September 2017). "(ENG) Theme song for the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Torch Relay (ENG sub)". Retrieved 8 February 2018 – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ "Inside the Olympics Opening Ceremony World-Record Drone Show". WIRED. Retrieved 2018-02-09.
^ Jump up to: a b "Winter Olympics 2018 opening ceremony – live!". Guardian. 9 February 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Winter Olympics 2018 opening ceremony review: Pyeongchang unites the world in a blizzard of emotion and effects". The Telegraph. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ Kaufman, Gil (6 December 2017). "2018 Winter Olympics Kick Off With Korean Stars PSY & BTS During Opening Ceremonies". Billboard. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Olympia Awaits Flame Lighting Ceremony for PyeongChang 2018". Olympic Games. 19 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Information to the Media - PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Flame-Lighting Ceremony". Olympic Games. 23 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Keh, Andrew (9 Feb 2018). "Winter Olympics 2018 Opening Ceremony: Highlights and Analysis". PyeongChang 2018.
Jump up ^ Behind the Scenes of the PyeongChang 2018 Opening Ceremony
Jump up ^ "Intel® Drones at The Olympic Games". intel®.
Jump up ^ "A Record-Breaking Show at PyeongChang 2018". intel®. 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Radnofsky, Louise; Cheng, Jonathan (10 February 2018). "Pence Sat During Opening Ceremony. Some Koreans Took Offense". The Wall Street Journal.
Jump up ^ Banks, Paul M. (9 February 2018). "Winter Olympics Verify Mike Pence Hypocrisy on NFL National Anthem Protests". ChicagoNow. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Zilber, Ariel (10 February 2018). "Mike Pence accused of hypocrisy for refusing to stand for Unified Korea during Winter Olympics opening ceremony – months after walking out of an NFL game because of kneeling players". Daily Mail. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Meeks, David (12 February 2018). "By not standing for Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics, VP Mike Pence embarrassed America". USA Today. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Report: Russian spies behind Winter Olympics cyber attack. US Today. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Russian spies reportedly hacked Winter Olympics. CNET. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Winter Olympics opening ceremony: Koreans enter under unified flag – as it happened". The Guardian. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Gov. Gen. Julie Payette to attend opening of winter Olympics".
Jump up ^ "SOUTH KOREA-CHINA-HAN ZHENG-WINTER OLYMPICS-OPENING CEREMONY". February 9, 2018. Retrieved February 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Korea-Estonia summit to help launch peace through Olympics". Korea.net. 7 February 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2018. President Moon Jae-in held a meeting with President Kersti Kaljulaid of Estonia who is on a visit to Korea to attend the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games.
Jump up ^ "평창 오는 외국정상 벌써 15명…'올림픽 외교' 꽃피운다". 26 December 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Presidente de Alemania apoya diálogo entre Coreas" (in Spanish). Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Daniela Cotto (9 February 2018). "Il ministro Lotti a Casa Italia, l'incontro con Lindsey Vonn" (in Italian). La Stampa. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Mandatarios de Japón y Corea del Sur acuerdan continuar ejerciendo presión sobre Corea del Norte" (in Spanish). NHK World. Retrieved 10 February 2018. Abe y Moon sostuvieron una reunión de aproximadamente una hora en un hotel cerca del Estadio Olímpico de Pyeongchang antes de asistir el viernes a la ceremonia de apertura de los Juegos Olímpicos de Invierno.
Jump up ^ "Lío de protocolo ante la inauguración de los juegos de invierno de Pyeongchang" (in Spanish). La Vanguardia. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "The President attends the opening ceremony of Winter Olympics". President of the Republic of Lithuania. 9 February 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Alan Crosby (10 February 2018). "Winter Olympics Debut A 10th-Anniversary Gift For Kosovo". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 10 February 2018. Hashim Thaci, president of Kosovo, said on February 5 during a ceremony presenting the official Kosovar flag to Tahiri.
Jump up ^ "Grand Duke Henri to Attend Winter Olympics". Chronicle.lu. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Prince Albert II of Monaco (C) reacts as he visits the House of Switzerland during the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Games, South Korea". european pressphoto agency. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Koningspaar en premier Rutte bij openingsceremonie Pyeongchang".
Jump up ^ Talmadge, Eric (9 February 2018). "At Olympic Games, Kim Jong Un's sister takes VIP seat". ABC News. AP. Retrieved 2018-02-09.
Jump up ^ "Szczerski o rozmowie Dudy z wiceprezydentem USA: od razu wiadomo, że się odbędzie". Retrieved 8 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Зимске олимпијске игре свечано отворене у Пјончангу – СПОРТСКИ ЖУРНАЛ".
Jump up ^ "33개국 정상급 45명 참석 밝혀… 靑 경호처가 근접 보호". Retrieved 8 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "JO 2018: Alain Berset à Pyeongchang pour affirmer la présence de la Suisse" (in French). La Côte. 10 February 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Guterres se reunió con el líder norcoreano Kim Yong-nam" (in Spanish). Deutsche Welle. 10 February 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2018. El secretario general de la ONU, Antonio Guterres, se encontró con el presidente nominal de Corea del Norte, Kim Yong-nam, en el marco de la inauguración de los Juegos Olímpicos de invierno en Pyeongchang.
Jump up ^ "美펜스, 올림픽대표단 끌고 평창行..이방카 참석은 '미정'". 10 January 2018. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "9 February 2018, Buckingham Palace". Court Circular. 9 February 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2018. The Princess Royal, Member, International Olympic Committee, and President, British Olympic Association, this evening attended the Opening Reception and Ceremony of the XXIII Winter Olympic Games.
Jump up ^ Haas, Benjamin (9 February 2018). "US vice-president skips Olympics dinner in snub to North Korea officials". the Guardian. Retrieved 2018-02-09.
Jump up ^ "Olympics-Pyeongchang picks 'Nanta' producer for 2018 ceremonies". Seoul, South Korea. Reuters. 2 July 2015. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
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value: Ceremonia d'apertura de los Xuegos Olímpicos de Pyeongchang 2018 – Asturian

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