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Italian fashion
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Italy is one of the leading countries in fashion design, alongside others such as France, United States, United Kingdom, Germany and Japan. Fashion has always been an important part of the country's cultural life and society, and Italians are well known for their attention of dressing-up well; "la bella figura", or good impression, remains traditional.
Italian became prominent during the 11th–16th centuries, when artistic development in Italy was at its peak. Cities such as Palermo, Venice, Milan, Naples, Florence and Vicenza started to produce luxury goods, hats, cosmetics, jewelry and rich fabrics. During the 17th-early 20th centuries, Italian fashion lost its importance and lustre and Europe's main trendsetter became France, with the great popularity of French fashion; this is due to the luxury dresses which were designed for the courtiers of Louis XIV.[1] However, since the 1951–53 fashion soirées held by Giovanni Battista Giorgini in Florence,[2] the "Italian school" started to compete with the French haute couture, and labels such as Ferragamo and Gucci began to contend with Chanel and Dior. In 2009, according to the Global Language Monitor, Milan, Italy's centre of design, was ranked the top fashion capital of the world, and Rome was ranked 4th,[3] and, despite both cities fell down places in subsequent rankings, in 2011, Florence entered as the 31st world fashion capital. Milan is generally considered to be one of the "big four" global fashion capitals, along with New York City, Paris, and London; occasionally, the "big five" also includes Rome.[4]
Italian fashion can be also connected to the most generalized concept of "Made in Italy", a sort of merchandise brand expressing excellence of creativity and craftsmanship. Italian luxury goods are renowned for the high quality of their own textiles and the perfect elegance and refinement that goes into making them up, as well as for the guarantee of quality materials. Many French, British and American high-top luxury brands (such as Chanel, Dior, Balmain, Ralph Lauren, to name a few) also refer to Italian craft factories, located in highly specialized areas especially in the Centre-North of Italy, to produce either part of their apparel and accessories.
The non profit making association which disciplines, co-ordinates and promotes the development of Italian Fashion is the National Chamber of Italian Fashion (Camera Nazionale della Moda Italiana), now headed by Carlo Capasa. It was set up in 1958 in Rome and now is settled in Milan and represents all the highest cultural values of Italian Fashion. This association has pursued a policy of organisational support aimed at the knowledge, promotion and development of fashion through events with a highly intellectual image in Italy and abroad.
Contents
[hide]
1 Italian fashion houses, designers and luxury brands
2 Modern History
3 Cities
3.1 Milan
3.2 Florence
3.3 Rome
3.4 Other cities
4 References
5 Further reading
6 External links
Italian fashion houses, designers and luxury brands[edit]
Clothes by Valentino
Examples of major Italian fashion houses focused on both menswear and womenswear, but also accessories, are: Armani, Byblos Milano (designed by Manuel Facchini), Bottega Veneta (designed by Tomas Maier), Roberto Cavalli, Costume National, Brunello Cucinelli, Diesel (created by Andreas Melbostad as long as the Black Gold line is concerned), Dolce & Gabbana, DSquared², Etro, Fendi (directed by Karl Lagerfeld for women's clothes and ready to wear and by Silvia Venturini Fendi for accessories and men's lines), Salvatore Ferragamo (designed by Paul Andrew for women's shoes, Fulvio Rigoni for women's apparel and Guillame Meilland for men's lines), Fiorucci, Genny (designed by Sara Cavazza Facchini), Gucci (directed by Alessandro Michele), Hogan, Iceberg (directed by James Long), Kiton, La Perla (directed by Julia Haart), Loro Piana, Marni (founded by Consuelo Castiglioni and now directed by Francesco Risso), Antonio Marras, Missoni, Moncler (created by Giambattista Valli for women's collections and by Thom Browne for men's division), Moschino (directed by Jeremy Scott), Prada, Richmond, Jil Sander, Ermanno Scervino, Tod's (designed by Andrea Incontri regarding men's lines), Trussardi, Valentino (directed by Pier Paolo Piccioli) and Versace (directed by Donatella Versace) [5] to name the most significant.
Examples of major fashion brands which are specialized mainly at womenswear (and also accessories for women) are Agnona (designed by Simon Holloway), Luisa Beccaria, Laura Biagiotti, Blumarine (created by Anna Molinari), Chiara Boni la petit robe, Capucci (directed by Mario Dice), Alberta Ferretti, Elisabetta Franchi, Giamba (created by designer Giambattista Valli), Krizia (founded by Mariuccia Mandelli and now art directored by Zhu Chongyun), Max Mara (created by Laura Lusuardi), Miu Miu (founded and directed by Miuccia Prada), Philosophy (directed by Lorenzo Serafini), Emilio Pucci, Simonetta Ravizza and Mila Schon whilst luxury houses which focus only on menswear and accessories for men are Brioni, Canali, Caruso, Corneliani, Lardini, MP Massimo Piombo, Stefano Ricci, Ermenegildo Zegna (directed by Alessandro Sartori) and Pal Zileri.
A few Italian designers head some important fashion brands outside Italy. Riccardo Tisci has been working for French luxury house Givenchy for twelve years until 2017, Maria Grazia Chiuri after co-heading at Valentino together with Pier Paolo Piccioli now is the first female creative director ever at Dior, French fashion brand Rochas is created by Alessandro Dell'Acqua, Marco Colagrossi heads Ungaro after a few years under the directorship of Fausto Puglisi, Nino Cerruti founded his own Paris-based fashion house, Giambattista Valli's main ready to wear and high fashion lines are set in Paris and Stefano Pilati was for almost eight years Saint Laurent's head designer.
Among the newest labels or younger designers, the most prominent are Aquilano.Rimondi (latest Gianfranco Ferré's directors and also Fay's creatives), Arthur Arbesser, Au jour le jour, Sara Battaglia, Angelos Bratis, Cristiano Burani, Paula Cademartori, Gabriele Colangelo, Co-Te, County of Milan (created by Marcelo Burlon), Marco De Vincenzo, Stella Jean, Damir Doma, Leitmotiv, Atos Lombardini, Angelo Marani, MSGM (directed by Massimo Giorgetti), N°21 (created by Alessandro Dell'Acqua), Rodolfo Paglialunga, Maurizio Pecoraro, Christian Pellizzari, Piccione.Piccione, Andrea Pompilio, Fausto Puglisi, San Andres Milano, Francesco Scognamiglio, Vivetta and Alberto Zambelli.
Other luxury labels which are mainly focused on the production of leather goods such as accessories, especially shoes (but not only), are Aquazzura, Baldinini, Ballin, Bontoni, Bruno Bordese, Roberto Botticelli, Rene Caovilla, Casadei, Alberto Guardiani, Gianmarco Lorenzi, Loriblu, Bruno Magli, Vic Matié, Moreschi, Alberto Moretti, Cesare Paciotti, Pollini, Fratelli Rossetti, Gianvito Rossi, Sergio Rossi, Santoni, A. Testoni, Giuseppe Zanotti design, while fashion brands or labels which produce primarily bags, totes, suitcases are Bertoni, Borbonese, Braccialini, Coccinelle, Cromia, Fedon, Furla, Gherardini, Mandarina Duck, Piquadro, Serapian, The Bridge, Valextra, Zagliani and Zanellato.
Italy also is home to many fashion magazines, such as Vogue Italia, Vanity Fair, Elle, Glamour, Grazia, Amica, Flair, Gioia.[6]
Other Italian accessory and jewelry brands, such as Luxottica (owner, amongst several luxury eyewear brands, of Ray-Ban and Persol), Marcolin, De Rigo, Safilo, Damiani, Vhernier, Pomellato, Morellato, Officine Panerai and Bvlgari are amongst the most important in the world.
Modern History[edit]
Main article: History of Italian fashion
Fashion in Italy started to become the most fashionable in Europe since the 11th century, and powerful cities of the time, such as Venice, Milan, Florence, Naples, Vicenza and Rome began to produce robes, jewelry, textiles, shoes, fabrics, ornaments and elaborate dresses.[7] Italian fashion reached its peak during the Renaissance. As Italy is widely recognized as the cradle and birthplace of the Renaissance,[8][9] art, music, education, finance and philosophy flourished, and along with it, Italian fashion designs became very popular (especially those worn by the Medicis in Florence.[10] The fashions of Queen Catherine de' Medici of France, were considered amongst the most fashionable in Europe).
The Italian Catherine de' Medici, as Queen of France. Her fashion were the main trendsetters of courts at the time.
After a decline in the 17th to mid-20th century, the nation returned to being a leading nation in fashion, and Florence was Italy's fashion capital in the 50s and 60s from the very first high fashion parade at the Sala Bianca of the Pitti Palace in 1951 with names such as Emilio Schuberth, Emilio Pucci, Sorelle Fontana, Simonetta, Mila Schön, Fausto Sarli, whilst Milan led the way in the 70s and 80s, with then-new labels, such as Armani, Enrico Coveri, Dolce & Gabbana, Gianfranco Ferré, Romeo Gigli, Krizia, Missoni, Moschino, Luciano Soprani, Trussardi and Versace and opening up and setting up their first boutiques and emporia. Until the 1970s, Italian fashion was mainly designed for the rich and famous, more or less like the French "Haute Couture". Yet, in the 1970s and 80s, Italian fashion started to concentrate on ready-to-wear clothes, such as coats, jackets, trousers, shirts, jeans, jumpers and miniskirts. Milan became more affordable and stylish for shoppers, and Florence was deposed of its position as the Italian fashion capital and replaced by Rome, which grew in importance as high fashion pole in the country thanks to the creations of Valentino, Fendi, Roberto Capucci, Renato Balestra and Gattinoni.
Today, Milan and Rome are Italy's fashion capitals, and are major international centres for fashion design, competing with other cities such as Tokyo, Los Angeles, London, Paris and New York.[3] Also, other cities such as Venice, Florence, Naples, Vicenza, Bologna, Genoa and Turin are important centres. The country's main shopping districts are the Via Montenapoleone fashion district and the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele (Milan), Via dei Condotti (Rome), and Via de' Tornabuoni (Florence).
Cities[edit]
Italian fashion is dominated by Milan, Rome, and to a lesser extent, Florence, with the former two being included in the top 30 fashion capitals of the world.[11] Nonetheless, there are numerous other cities which play an important role in Italian fashion.
Milan[edit]
Some elegant shoes in a shop in Milan's prestigious Via Montenapoleone.
Main article: Fashion in Milan
In 2009, Milan was regarded as the world fashion capital (based upon frequency of mention in global media outlets), even surpassing New York, Paris, Rome and London. In 2011, Milan was ranked #4, behind London, New York, and Paris.[12] Many of the major Italian fashion brands, such as Valentino, Versace, Prada, Armani, Dolce & Gabbana, Marni, Iceberg, Missoni, Trussardi, Moschino, Dirk Bikkembergs, Etro, and Zegna are currently headquartered in the city. international fashion labels also operate shops in Milan, including an Abercrombie & Fitch flagship store which has become a main consumer attraction.[citation needed] Milan also hosts a fashion week twice a year, just like other international centres such as Paris, London and New York. Milan's main upscale fashion district is the "quadrilatero della moda" (literally, "fashion quadrilateral"), where the city's most prestigious shopping streets (Via Montenapoleone, Via della Spiga, Via Sant'Andrea, Via Manzoni and Corso Venezia) are held. The Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, the Piazza del Duomo, Via Dante and Corso Buenos Aires are other important shopping streets and squares.
Florence[edit]
See also: Fashion designers of Florence
Luxury boutiques along Florence's prestigious Via de' Tornabuoni.
Florence is regarded by some as the birthplace and earliest centre of the modern (post World War Two) fashion industry in Italy. The Florentine "soirées" of the early 1950s organized by Giovanni Battista Giorgini were events where several now-famous Italian designers participated in group shows and first garnered international attention.[13] Florence has served as the home of the Italian fashion company Salvatore Ferragamo since 1928. Gianfranco Lotti, Gucci, Roberto Cavalli, Ermanno Scervino, Stefano Ricci, Patrizia Pepe, Enrico Coveri and Emilio Pucci were also founded and most of them are still headquartered in Florence. Other major players in the fashion industry such as Prada and Chanel have large offices and stores in Florence or its outskirts. Florence's main upscale shopping street is Via de' Tornabuoni, where major luxury fashion houses and jewelry labels, such as Armani and Bulgari, have their elegant boutiques. Via del Parione and Via Roma are other streets that are also well known for their high-end fashion stores.[14]
Rome[edit]
The Palazzo di Malta, surrounded by Hermès boutiques in Via Condotti, Rome's main upscale shopping street.
See also: Shopping areas and markets in Rome
Rome is widely recognized as a world fashion capital. Although not as important as Milan, Rome is the world's 4th most important centre for fashion in the world, according to the 2009 Global Language Monitor after Milan, New York and Paris, and beating London.[15] Major luxury fashion houses and jewelry chains, such as Valentino, Bulgari, Fendi,[16] Laura Biagiotti, Gattinoni and Brioni, just to name a few, are headquartered or were founded in the city. Also, other major labels, such as Chanel, Prada, Dolce & Gabbana, Armani and Versace have luxury boutiques in Rome, primarily along its prestigious and upscale Via dei Condotti. The Rome Fashion Week is an important global showcase.
Other cities[edit]
Although Milan, Rome and Florence are commonly regarded as the leading cities in Italian fashion, other cities, such as Venice, Vicenza, Turin, Naples and Bologna, are also important centres for Italian clothing design and industry. Venice, for instance, is the home of Italian fashion house Roberta di Camerino, which was founded in 1945. The brand is famous for its handbags, and is most notably associated with the creation of the it bag, a form of handbag which is recognisable due to its status symbol.[17] Brands such as Max Mara and United Colors of Benetton, despite being major Italian brands, are not headquartered in Milan, Rome or Florence, yet, the former has its headquarters in Reggio Emilia,[18] and the latter in Ponzano Veneto.
Italian holding OTB held by Renzo Rosso, owner of different ready-to-wear brands such as Diesel and also fashion houses like Marni, Dutch label Viktor & Rolf and Belgian Maison Martin Margiela, is headquartered in the countryside near Vicenza in the region of Veneto. Italian companies Cesare Paciotti and also Tod's, owned by businessman Diego Della Valle (which produces luxury shoes, other leather goods and also clothes under the labels of Tod's itself, Roger Vivier, Hogan, Fay and haute couture brand Schiaparelli), Santoni, Bontoni are headquartered in the region of Marche, a very important manufacturing district for shoes and leather components in the Adriatic coast. Fashion houses Fabiana Filippi and Brunello Cucinelli's home is the region of Umbria and luxury brands Kiton and Harmont & Blaine were founded in Naples [19][20][21] which is also another prominent area of the country for the manufacturing of apparel and accessories (especially shoes).
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.kipar.org/baroque-costumes/costumes_male.html
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-10-16. Retrieved 2011-10-21.
^ Jump up to: a b http://www.languagemonitor.com/popular-culture/fashion
Jump up ^ http://www.languagemonitor.com/?s=fashion+capital
Jump up ^ http://www.made-in-italy.com/fashion/fashion_houses/index.htm
Jump up ^ http://www.made-in-italy.com/fashion/publications/index.htm
Jump up ^ http://fashion-design-schoo-l.blogspot.com/2009/04/italian-fashion.html
Jump up ^ http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/tl/it-ren/
Jump up ^ http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac88
Jump up ^ http://www.renaissance-spell.com/Renaissance-Fashion.html
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-05-14. Retrieved 2014-09-26.
Jump up ^ "The Global Language Monitor » Fashion". Languagemonitor.com. 2011-08-20. Retrieved 2011-11-20.
Jump up ^ "the birth of italian fashion". Gbgiorgini.it. Archived from the original on 16 October 2011. Retrieved 5 May 2009.
Jump up ^ Conde Nast Traveller's guide to shopping in Florence.
Jump up ^ "The Global Language Monitor » Fashion". Languagemonitor.com. 2009-07-20. Retrieved 2009-10-17.
Jump up ^ "Fendi". Fendi. Retrieved 2009-10-17.
Jump up ^ Patner, Josh (2006-02-26). "From Bags to Riches". The New York Times.
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Jump up ^ http://www.benettongroup.com/en/whoweare/headquarters.htm
Jump up ^ http://www.mariocorp.com
Jump up ^ http://www.italianbrandsdistribution.com
Further reading[edit]
Martin, R. (1997). Gianni Versace. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 9780870998423.
Dagmar Reichardt, Moda Made in Italy. Il linguaggio della moda e del costume italiano, edited and with a preface by Dagmar Reichardt and Carmela D'Angelo (Ed.), presenting an interview with Dacia Maraini, Firenze, Franco Cesati Editore, (Civiltà italiana. Terza serie, no. 10), 2016, (ISBN 978-8876675768), 230 pp.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fashion of Italy.
Italian Fashion Guide Italian Fashion History
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Joie de vivre
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"Joy of living" redirects here. For the 1961 film, see The Joy of Living. For other uses, see Joy of life (disambiguation).
Eduard von Grützner's depiction of Falstaff, a literary character well known for his joie de vivre
Joie de vivre (French pronunciation: [ʒwa də vivʁ], joy of living) is a French phrase often used in English to express a cheerful enjoyment of life; an exultation of spirit.
It "can be a joy of conversation, joy of eating, joy of anything one might do… And joie de vivre may be seen as a joy of everything, a comprehensive joy, a philosophy of life, a Weltanschauung. Robert's Dictionnaire says joie is sentiment exaltant ressenti par toute la conscience, that is, involves one's whole being."[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Origins and development
2 Psychology
3 Adaptations
4 See also
5 References
6 Further reading
Origins and development[edit]
Casual use of the phrase in French can be dated back at least as far as Fénelon in the late 17th century, but it was only brought into literary prominence in the 19th century, first by Michelet (1857) in his pantheistic work Insecte, to contrast the passive life of plants with animal joie de vivre,[2]:300 and then by Émile Zola in his book of that name from 1883–84.[2]:305
Thereafter, it took on increasing weight as a mode of life, evolving at times almost into a secular religion[2]:306 in the early 20th century; and subsequently fed into Lacanian emphasis on "a jouissance beyond the pleasure principle"[3] in the latter half of the century – a time when its emphasis on enthusiasm, energy and spontaneity gave it a global prominence with the rise of hippie culture.[4]
Psychology[edit]
20th century proponents of self-actualization such as Abraham Maslow or Carl Rogers saw, as one of the by-products, the rediscovery of what the latter called "the quiet joy in being one's self...a spontaneous relaxed enjoyment, a primitive joie de vivre".[5]
Joie de vivre has also been linked to D. W. Winnicott's concept of a sense of play, and of access to the true self.[6]
Adaptations[edit]
It is usually referenced in its standard French form, but various corruptions are observed such as joie de vie, which would translate to "joy of life".[7] The Matisse painting Le bonheur de vivre translates as, "The Happiness of Life".
See also[edit]
Look up joie de vivre in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Bon viveur
Carpe diem
Élan vital
Epicurus
Flow (psychology)
Happiness
Joy
Quality of life
François Rabelais
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Shibles, Warren (1997). Humor Reference Guide: A Comprehensive Classification and Analysis. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 0-8093-2097-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c Harrow, Susan; Unwin, Timothy A; Freeman, Michael (2009). Joie de vivre in French literature and culture : essays in honour of Michael Freeman. Amsterdam, NTH & New York, NY: Rodopi Publishers. ISBN 9789042028968. OCLC 430229593.
Jump up ^ Lacan, Jacques; Miller, Jacques-Alain; Sheridan, Alan (1994). The four fundamental concepts of psycho-analysis. London, UK: Penguin Books. p. 184. ISBN 9780140242782. OCLC 33725110.
Later online version of The four fundamental concepts of psycho-analysis. London, UK & New York, NY: Karnac. 2004. OCLC 733841387, 729166946. (Subscription required (help)).
Jump up ^ Andrews, Cecile (2006). Slow is beautiful : new visions of community, leisure and joie de vivre. Gabriola Island, BC, Canada: New Society Publishers. p. 96. ISBN 9781550924145. OCLC 471124890, 810539385.
Jump up ^ Rogers, Carl R (1961). On becoming a person : a therapist's view of psychotherapy. Boston, MA, USA: Houghton Mifflin Company. pp. 87–88. ISBN 9780395084090. OCLC 172718.
Later online versions of On becoming a person : a therapist's view of psychotherapy. OCLC 782873749, 783585017, 856932797, 858970706. (Subscription required (help)).
On Becoming a Person: A Therapist's View of Psychotherapy at Google Books
Jump up ^ Lamb, Charles (1985). Phillips, Adam, ed. Selected prose. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, UK & New York, NY: Penguin classics. p. 446. ISBN 9780140432381. OCLC 680112630.
Jump up ^ "Joie de Vie Poodle Dog Wall Art". wayfair.com. Retrieved 2013-11-16.
Further reading[edit]
Schutz, William (1973). Joy: Expanding Human Awareness. New York, NY: Ballantine Books. ISBN 9780345274595. OCLC 3756811.
Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1991). Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. New York, NY: Harper Perennial. ISBN 9780060920432. OCLC 473801272. Retrieved 2013-11-16.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joie_de_vivre&oldid=790584049"
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Hollywood Video
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Hollywood Entertainment
Former type
Public
Industry
Retail
Fate
Bankruptcy
Founded
1988
Defunct
2010
Headquarters
Wilsonville, Oregon
Products
VHS, DVD, Blu-ray, and video game rentals and sales
Parent
Movie Gallery
Subsidiaries
Hollywood Entertainment, GameCrazy
Website
Official website
A typical Hollywood Video store in 2007.
Hollywood Video in 2009, with attached Game Crazy location.
Hollywood Entertainment Corporation (Nasdaq: HLYW),[1] known as Hollywood Video, was a home video and video game rental shop company started in 1988. The chain was the largest direct competitor to Blockbuster Video until it was purchased by Movie Gallery in 2005.[2]
Hollywood Video ceased operations in May 2010, when Movie Gallery, its parent company, declared Chapter 7 bankruptcy.[3] Its last US store closed its doors on July 31, 2010, whereas the last one in Canada closed on August 8 of that year.
As of late 2011, the HollywoodVideo.com site had been relaunched as a blog, which was discontinued in October 2014.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 20th century
1.2 21st century
2 Headquarters
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
History[edit]
20th century[edit]
In 1984, Mark Wattles left college and was struggling financially. Wattles' parents had given him and his wife a VCR, which they used as a form of low-cost entertainment. Wattles later said: "I thought, 'There must be other people in America in the same shoes. I think this would be a great business." In 1985, Wattles borrowed money so he could open a 500 square-foot video rental store with 300 films, located in downtown Portland, Oregon. In 1988, Wattles formed Hollywood Entertainment and served as the company's president and chief executive. Hollywood Video stores later opened in Washington, California, Nevada, and Texas.[4]
In 1993 Hollywood, which operated 16 stores, became a public company.[5] As of 1994, the average Hollywood Video store was 7,500 square feet with 16,000 video tapes. In some instances, the company ordered up to 70 copies of a popular film for each store, while some stores stocked up to 200 copies of a single film. At that time, each store generated approximately $1 million, while 78 additional stores were planned to open in 1995.[4]
In January 1995,[6] Blockbuster filed a $10 million lawsuit against Hollywood Entertainment for hiring five former Blockbuster employees. Blockbuster alleged that the employees knew some of the company's trade secrets, which could be used to aid Hollywood Entertainment. At the time, Hollywood Video had 117 stores, compared to Blockbuster's 2,800 stores.[7] Hollywood Video was ranked fourth in national sales. In May 1995, a judge ruled in favor of Hollywood Entertainment, stating that Blockbuster had failed to demonstrate irreparable harm as a result of the hiring.[6]
In June 1995, Hollywood Entertainment had 153 stores in 11 states. The company's locations included stores operating under the Video Park and Video Central names. That month, Hollywood Entertainment announced plans to triple the number of stores by late 1997.[8] In August 1995, Hollywood Entertainment purchased the 42-store Video Watch chain in the mid-western United States for $59 million. Video Watch was the last of four video rental chains that had been targeted by Hollywood Entertainment for purchase.[9][10] In November 1995, Hollywood Entertainment announced plans to open 90 stores in Michigan over the next three years. The company also planned to open more than 200 stores in 1996.[10]
In 1996 Hollywood decided to establish three regional offices, with one each in the Chicago, Houston, and San Francisco Bay Areas.[5] In July 1998, CEO Mark Wattles announced Hollywood had purchased Reel.com "in a deal valued at $100 million", which included $30 million in cash to Reel's stockholders; Reel.com was to continue operating independently, and still led by its CEO Julie Wainwright.[11]
21st century[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2012)
Hollywood Video was the target of a hostile takeover attempt, initially announced at the end of December 2004 by competitor Blockbuster Video. In February 2005, Blockbuster announced an exchange offer of $14.50 per share ($11.50 cash and $3.00 in Blockbuster shares). In response, Hollywood Video agreed to a buyout on Monday, January 10, 2005 by Movie Gallery, a smaller competitor. Movie Gallery paid $860 million, $13.25 per share, and the assumption of $380 million in debt. Stocks closed at $13.85 on January 10 after this news. Blockbuster then dropped its purchase plans, citing anti-trust concerns. Movie Gallery completed its purchase of Hollywood Video on April 27, 2005.[citation needed]
Hollywood became a subsidiary of Movie Gallery and maintained its Oregon headquarters.[12]
In December 2011, the website hollywoodvideo.com was relaunched as a movie news curator blog. The site used an automated "social scoring algorithm" to link to articles on the web pertaining to movies and other entertainment media content.[13] The site also contained a blog written by a single editor (that was later expanded to multiple editors) about current movie-related news. As of April 2013, the "social scoring algorithm" part of the site was removed and replaced with the blog.[14] The website also contained an interface for searching and buying movies from Amazon.com from within the Hollywood Video site.
Headquarters[edit]
This section contains information of unclear or questionable importance or relevance to the article's subject matter. Please help improve this section by clarifying or removing superfluous information. If importance cannot be established, the section is likely to be moved to another article, pseudo-redirected, or removed.
Find sources: "Hollywood Video" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
At one time, Hollywood Video was headquartered in Beaverton, Oregon, in an 85,000-square-foot (7,900 m2) office building. In 1996, Hollywood moved its employees out of the building two years into its five-year lease. In 1996, Poorman-Douglas Corp agreed to occupy all of the space in the Beaverton building, relieving Hollywood of extra rent payments.[15]
After Hollywood decided to leave Beaverton, it signed a long-term lease for a 166,000 square feet (15,400 m2) building in Wilsonville, Oregon. Robert Goldfield of the Portland Business Journal said that Hollywood Video "barely" took occupancy of the structure; then Mark Wattles, the chief executive, decided to move the offices and the Hollywood Video headquarters to the former Smith's Home Furnishings headquarters in Wilsonville.[15] In 1996 170 full-time employees worked from the headquarters.[5] The 173,000 square feet (16,100 m2) Smith's headquarters facility was no longer occupied by October 1998; as of that month the space was for lease. Hollywood's Nasdaq trading became no longer active. In early October 2014, it became a Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram dealership, which is owned and operated by Henderson, Nevada-based Findlay Automotive Group, who named the dealership Findlay Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram Wilsonville. [1]
In 1997, when Hollywood was considering a new headquarters location, the City of Wilsonville had signage codes that did not allow companies to use neon. The codes made Hollywood consider using other locations. Members of the City of Wilsonville's development review boards said that neon was out of character for the Wilsonville Business Park, Hollywood Video's prospective location.[16]
In January 1999 Trammell Crow Co. bought the 77 acres (31 ha) Thrifty Payless Inc. headquarters for $25.5 million and then broke the compound into sections, selling pieces of it for a total of $22 million; Trammell Crow retained control of the $8 million, 120,000-square-foot (11,000 m2) headquarters building. Hollywood leased the headquarters building,[17] and Hollywood remained headquartered in Wilsonville.[18]
See also[edit]
List of companies based in Oregon
Blockbuster LLC
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Miller, Brian K. "Listed industrial space in area is now plentiful." Portland Business Journal. Friday October 16, 1998 by Mark Wattles. Retrieved on September 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ New York Times
Jump up ^ Spector, Mike; Lattman, Peter (May 3, 2010). "Hollywood Video Closes Doors". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
^ Jump up to: a b "Hollywood Video hits big time". The Associated Press. December 16, 1994. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Rose, Michael. "Hollywood Video expansion includes three regional offices." Portland Business Journal. Sunday June 23, 1996. Retrieved on September 26, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "Judge rules in favor of Portland video chain". Statesman Journal. May 3, 1995. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Blockbuster sues rival company". Tallahassee Democrat. February 4, 1995. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Expansion plan boosts stock for Hollywood". Statesman Journal. June 23, 1995. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Hollywood Video will buy 42 stores". Statesman Journal. August 2, 1995. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Hollywood Video expanding in state". Battle Creek Enquirer. November 22, 1995. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Pelline, Jeff (July 31, 1998). "Reel.com goes Hollywood". CNET News. Archived from the original on 2000-01-21.
Jump up ^ "Movie Gallery completes Hollywood acquisition." Portland Business Journal. Thursday April 28, 2005. Retrieved on September 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "About The New Hollywood Video". The NEW Hollywood Video. Retrieved 2015-12-28.
Jump up ^ "The NEW Hollywood Video - An Entertainment News Curator". 2013-04-07. Archived from the original on April 7, 2013. Retrieved 2015-12-28.
^ Jump up to: a b Goldfield, Robert. "Poorman-Douglas swallows up Hollywood's Beaverton space." Portland Business Journal. Sunday October 6, 1996. Retrieved on September 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Binole, Gina. "Hollywood sign imbroglio: No neon, no headquarters." Portland Business Journal. Friday August 29, 1997. Retrieved on September 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Miller, Brian. "There was never a dull moment in real estate." Portland Business Journal. Friday January 1, 1999. 1. Retrieved on September 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Contact Us." Hollywood Video. June 11, 2004. Retrieved on September 25, 2010. "Hollywood Entertainment Corporation 9275 SW Peyton Lane Wilsonville, OR 97070."
External links[edit]
Media related to Hollywood Video at Wikimedia Commons
[show]
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t
e
Video rental shops
Brick and mortar
Chain stores
Civic Video
Culture Convenience Club
Family Video
Jumbo Video
Le SuperClub Vidéotron
Video Ezy
DVD-by-mail
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still exists as franchise
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[show]
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Companies formerly based in Oregon
Moved out of state
Georgia-Pacific
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JELD-WEN (2015)
Louisiana-Pacific
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Acquired by out-of-state entities
Camera World (2002)
Cascade Microtech (2016)
Fred Meyer
Freightliner
Harry & David (2014)
J. K. Gill
LaCrosse Footwear (2012)
MathStar (2010)
McCormick & Schmick's (2012)
Meier & Frank
Mentor Graphics
Merix (2010)
Oregon Steel Mills
Planar Systems (2015)
Sawyer's (1966)
Sequent Computer Systems
StanCorp Financial (2016)
Tektronix (2007)
U.S. Bancorp
West Coast Bank (2012)
Willamette Industries (2002)
Defunct or out of business
Consolidated Freightways
Emporium (2003)
Evergreen International Aviation
Floating Point Systems
G.I. Joe's (2009)
Hollywood Video (2010)
Sprouse-Reitz (1994)
White Stag Manufacturing
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hollywood_Video&oldid=817559955"
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text:
War ina Babylon
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
War Ina Babylon
Studio album by Max Romeo & The Upsetters
Released
1976
Studio
Black Ark Studios, Washington Gardens, Kingston, Jamaica
Genre
Reggae
Length
37:58
Label
Island
Producer
Lee "Scratch" Perry, Max Romeo
Max Romeo & The Upsetters chronology
Revelation Time
(1975)Revelation Time1975 War ina Babylon
(1976) Reconstruction
(1977)Reconstruction1977
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source
Rating
Allmusic [1]
Reggae Reviews [2]
War Ina Babylon is an album by Max Romeo and Lee Perry's backing band The Upsetters, released in 1976.
Along with The Heptones' Party Time and Junior Murvin's Police and Thieves, both released in 1977, this album is a part of what is referred to as Lee "Scratch" Perry-produced Black Ark "holy trinity".[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Track listing
2 Personnel
3 Singles
4 References
Track listing[edit]
All tracks composed by Max Romeo and Lee "Scratch" Perry except where indicated.
Side A
"One Step Forward" – 5:15
"Uptown Babies" (Romeo) – 5:00
"Chase the Devil" – 3:27
"War ina Babylon" – 4:51
Side B
"Norman" – 4:50
"Stealin'" (Romeo) – 3:04
"Tan and See" (Romeo, Perry, Brown) – 4:36
"Smokey Room" (Romeo, Perry, Brown) – 3:03
"Smile Out of Style" – 3:32
Personnel[edit]
Max Romeo - lead vocals
Barry Llewellyn, Earl Morgan - male harmony vocals
Cynthia Schloss, Marcia Griffiths - female harmony vocals
Technical
Lee "Scratch" Perry - production, engineering
Tony Wright - cover artwork
Kim Gottlieb - back cover photography
Singles[edit]
1975: "One Step Forward"
1976: "War in a Babylon"
1976: "Chase the Devil"
1977: "Norman"
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Rick Anderson. "War Ina Babylon - Max Romeo & the Upsetters : Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards". www.allmusic.com. Retrieved 2012-10-29.
Jump up ^ "Max Romeo". www.reggae-reviews.com. Retrieved 2012-10-29.
Jump up ^ "Albums - War Ina Babylon - Max Romeo". www.upsetter.net. Retrieved 2007-12-05.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=War_ina_Babylon&oldid=837720386"
Categories:
1976 albums
Island Records albums
Max Romeo albums
Albums produced by Lee "Scratch" Perry
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