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List of states and union territories of India by population
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States and union
territories of India
ordered by
Area
Population
Abbreviations
Capitals
Child Nutrition
Crime rate
Electricity penetration
Fertility rate
Forest cover
GDP (per capita)
Highest point
HIV awareness
HDI
Home ownership
Household size
Human Trafficking
Institutional delivery
Life expectancy at birth
Literacy rate
Media exposure
Number of Vehicles
Number of voters
Obesity
Open defecation
Origin of name
Places of worship
Poverty
Power capacity
Safe Drinking Water
Safety of Women
School Enrollment Rate
Sex ratio
Suicides
Tax revenues
TV ownership
Toilet availability
Transport network
Underweight people
Unemployment
Vaccination coverage
v
t
e
India is a union of 29 states and 7 union territories.[1] As of 2011, with an estimated population of 1.2 billion, India is the world's second most populous country after the People's Republic of China. India occupies 2.4% of the world's land surface area and is home to 17.5% of the world's population.[2] After the Indo-Gangetic Plain, the eastern and western coastal regions of the Deccan Plateau are the most densely populated regions of India. The Thar Desert in western Rajasthan is one of the most densely populated deserts in the world. The northern and north-eastern states along the Himalayas contain cold arid deserts with fertile valleys.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Census of India
2 States and union territories (by population)
3 Notes
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Census of India[edit]
Population density map of India.
The first population census in British India was conducted in 1872. Since India's independence in 1947, a census has been conducted every 10 years, the first occurring in 1951.[4] The census in India is conducted by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner under the Ministry of Home Affairs, and is one of the largest administrative tasks conducted by a federal government.[5]
The latest population figures are based on data from the 2011 census of India.[6] During the decade of 2001–2011, India's annual population growth rate has slowed down from 2.15 percent to 1.76 percent.[6] Based on decennial census data, Dadra and Nagar Haveli have the fastest growth rate of 55.5 percent, followed by Daman and Diu (53.5 percent), Meghalaya (27.8 percent) and Arunachal Pradesh (25.9 percent). Nagaland recorded the lowest growth rate of -0.5 percent.[7]
India has 641,000 inhabited villages and 72.2 percent of the total population reside in these rural areas.[8] Of them 145,000 villages have population size of 500–999 persons; 130,000 villages have population size of 1000–1999 and 128,000 villages have population size of 200–499. There are 3,961 villages that have a population of 10,000 persons or more.[2] India's 27.8 percent urban population lives in more than 5,100 towns and over 380 urban agglomerations.[9] In the decade of 1991–2001, migration to major cities caused rapid increase in urban population.[10][11] On the basis of net migrants by last residence during the past decade, Maharashtra had most immigration with 2.3 million, followed by National Capital Territory of Delhi (1.7 million), Gujarat (0.68 million) and Haryana (0.67 million). Uttar Pradesh (−2.6 million) and Bihar (−1.7 million) topped the list for interstate emigration.[12] The five states of Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh account for almost half (47.90 percent) of the total Indian population.[6]
While the national average for sex ratio shows an increase from 933 in 2001 to 940 in 2011,[6] the 2011 census shows a sharp decline in child sex ratio, the number of females per thousand males in a population between age group 0–6 years.[6] States such as Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Mizoram and Andaman and Nicobar Islands recorded an increase in child sex ratio.[6] National child sex ratio has declined from 927 in 2001 to 914 in 2011.[6] Telangana census was separated from Andhra Pradesh state census figures, after Telangana formally took birth on 2 June 2014.[13]
States and union territories (by population)[edit]
The total geographical area of India is 3,287,240 square kilometres (1,269,210 sq mi)α.[2] Population density is rounded to the nearest integer.
As per provisional census data of 2011, the total population of India is: 1,210,193,422.[6]
Rank
State or union territory
Population (2011 Census)[14]
(% of population of India)[15]
Decadal growth (2001–2011)
Rural pop.[16]
(%)
Urban pop.[16]
(%)
Area[17]
Density
Sex ratio
1 Uttar Pradesh 7008207281477000000♠207,281,477
(16.49%) 20.1% 7008155111022000000♠155,111,022
(77.72%) 7007444704550000000♠44,470,455
(22.28%) 7011240928000000000♠240,928 km2 (93,023 sq mi) 6996828000000000000♠828/km2 (2,140/sq mi) 908
2 Maharashtra 7008112372972000000♠112,372,972
(9.28%) 16.0% 7007615454410000000♠61,545,441
(54.77%) 7007508275310000000♠50,827,531
(45.23%) 7011307713000000000♠307,713 km2 (118,809 sq mi) 6996365000000000000♠365/km2 (950/sq mi) 946
3 Bihar 7008103804637000000♠103,804,637
(8.58%) 25.1% 7007920750280000000♠92,075,028
(88.70%) 7007117296090000000♠11,729,609
(11.30%) 7010941630000000000♠94,163 km2 (36,357 sq mi) 6997110199999999999♠1,102/km2 (2,850/sq mi) 916
4 West Bengal 7007913477360000000♠91,347,736
(7.55%) 13.9% 7007622136760000000♠62,213,676
(68.11%) 7007291340600000000♠29,134,060
(31.89%) 7010887520000000000♠88,752 km2 (34,267 sq mi) 6997102900000000000♠1,029/km2 (2,670/sq mi) 947
5 Madhya Pradesh 7007725975650000000♠72,597,565
(6.00%) 20.3% 7007525378990000000♠52,537,899
(72.37%) 7007200596660000000♠20,059,666
(27.63%) 7011308245000000000♠308,245 km2 (119,014 sq mi) 6996236000000000000♠236/km2 (610/sq mi) 931
6 Tamil Nadu 7007721389580000000♠72,138,958
(5.96%) 15.6% 7007371892290000000♠37,189,229
(51.55%) 7007349497290000000♠34,949,729
(48.45%) 7011130058000000000♠130,058 km2 (50,216 sq mi) 6996554999999999999♠555/km2 (1,440/sq mi) 995
7 Rajasthan 7007686210120000000♠68,621,012
(5.67%) 21.4% 7007515402360000000♠51,540,236
(75.11%) 7007170807760000000♠17,080,776
(24.89%) 7011342239000000000♠342,239 km2 (132,139 sq mi) 6996200999999999999♠201/km2 (520/sq mi) 926
8 Karnataka 7007611307040000000♠61,130,704
(5.05%) 15.7% 7007375525290000000♠37,552,529
(61.43%) 7007235781750000000♠23,578,175
(38.57%) 7011191791000000000♠191,791 km2 (74,051 sq mi) 6996319000000000000♠319/km2 (830/sq mi) 968
9 Gujarat 7007603836280000000♠60,383,628
(5.00%) 19.2% 7007346708170000000♠34,670,817
(57.42%) 7007257128110000000♠25,712,811
(42.58%) 7011196024000000000♠196,024 km2 (75,685 sq mi) 6996308000000000000♠308/km2 (800/sq mi) 918
10 Andhra Pradesh 7007493867990000000♠49,386,799
(4.08%) 11.1% 7007347763890000000♠34,776,389
(70.42%) 7007146104100000000♠14,610,410
(29.58%) 7011162968000000000♠162,968 km2 (62,922 sq mi) 6996303000000000000♠303/km2 (780/sq mi) 993
11 Odisha 7007419473580000000♠41,947,358
(3.47%) 14.0% 7007349512340000000♠34,951,234
(83.32%) 7006699612400000000♠6,996,124
(16.68%) 7011155707000000000♠155,707 km2 (60,119 sq mi) 6996268999999999999♠269/km2 (700/sq mi) 978
12 Telangana 7007352867570000000♠35,286,757
(2.97%) 17.87% 7007215853130000000♠21,585,313
(61.33%) 7007136086650000000♠13,608,665
(38.66%) 7011114840000000000♠114,840 km2 (44,340 sq mi) 6996307000000000000♠307/km2 (800/sq mi) 988
13 Kerala 7007333876770000000♠33,387,677
(2.76%) 4.9% 7007174455060000000♠17,445,506
(52.28%) 7007159321710000000♠15,932,171
(47.72%) 7010388630000000000♠38,863 km2 (15,005 sq mi) 6996859000000000000♠859/km2 (2,220/sq mi) 1,084
14 Jharkhand 7007329662380000000♠32,966,238
(2.72%) 22.3% 7007250369460000000♠25,036,946
(75.95%) 7006792929200000000♠7,929,292
(24.05%) 7010797140000000000♠79,714 km2 (30,778 sq mi) 6996414000000000000♠414/km2 (1,070/sq mi) 947
15 Assam 7007311692720000000♠31,169,272
(2.58%) 16.9% 7007267805260000000♠26,780,526
(85.92%) 7006438875600000000♠4,388,756
(14.08%) 7010784380000000000♠78,438 km2 (30,285 sq mi) 6996397000000000000♠397/km2 (1,030/sq mi) 954
16 Punjab 7007277042360000000♠27,704,236
(2.30%) 13.7% 7007173168000000000♠17,316,800
(62.51%) 7007103874360000000♠10,387,436
(37.49%) 7010503620000000000♠50,362 km2 (19,445 sq mi) 6996549999999999999♠550/km2 (1,400/sq mi) 893
17 Chhattisgarh 7007255401960000000♠25,540,196
(2.11%) 22.6% 7007196036580000000♠19,603,658
(76.76%) 7006593653800000000♠5,936,538
(23.24%) 7011135191000000000♠135,191 km2 (52,198 sq mi) 6996189000000000000♠189/km2 (490/sq mi) 991
18 Haryana 7007253530810000000♠25,353,081
(2.09%) 19.9% 7007165314930000000♠16,531,493
(75.75%) 7006882158800000000♠8,821,588
(24.25%) 7010442120000000000♠44,212 km2 (17,070 sq mi) 6996573000000000000♠573/km2 (1,480/sq mi) 877
19 Jammu and Kashmir 7007125489260000000♠12,548,926
(1.04%) 23.7% 7006913482000000000♠9,134,820
(72.79%) 7006341410600000000♠3,414,106
(27.21%) 7011222236000000000♠222,236 km2 (85,806 sq mi) 6995570000000000000♠57/km2 (150/sq mi) 883
20 Uttarakhand 7007101167520000000♠10,116,752
(0.84%) 19.2% 7006702558300000000♠7,025,583
(69.45%) 7006309116900000000♠3,091,169
(30.55%) 7010534830000000000♠53,483 km2 (20,650 sq mi) 6996189000000000000♠189/km2 (490/sq mi) 963
21 Himachal Pradesh 7006686460200000000♠6,864,602
(0.57%) 12.8% 7006616780500000000♠6,167,805
(89.96%) 7005688704000000000♠688,704
(10.04%) 7010556730000000000♠55,673 km2 (21,495 sq mi) 6996122999999999999♠123/km2 (320/sq mi) 974
22 Tripura 7006367103200000000♠3,671,032
(0.30%) 14.7% 7006271005100000000♠2,710,051
(73.82%) 7005960981000000000♠960,981
(26.18%) 7010104860000000000♠10,486 km2 (4,049 sq mi) 6996350000000000000♠350/km2 (910/sq mi) 961
23 Meghalaya 7006296400700000000♠2,964,007
(0.24%) 27.8% 7006236897100000000♠2,368,971
(79.92%) 7005595036000000000♠595,036
(20.08%) 7010224290000000000♠22,429 km2 (8,660 sq mi) 6996131999999999999♠132/km2 (340/sq mi) 986
24 Manipurβ 7006272175600000000♠2,721,756
(0.22%) 18.7% 7006189962400000000♠1,899,624
(79.79%) 7005822132000000000♠822,132
(20.21%) 7010223270000000000♠22,327 km2 (8,621 sq mi) 6996122000000000000♠122/km2 (320/sq mi) 987
25 Nagaland 7006198060200000000♠1,980,602
(0.16%) -0.5% 7006140686100000000♠1,406,861
(71.03%) 7005573741000000000♠573,741
(28.97%) 7010165790000000000♠16,579 km2 (6,401 sq mi) 6996119000000000000♠119/km2 (310/sq mi) 931
26 Goa 7006145772300000000♠1,457,723
(0.12%) 8.2% 7005551414000000000♠551,414
(37.83%) 7005906309000000000♠906,309
(62.17%) 7009370200000000000♠3,702 km2 (1,429 sq mi) 6996394000000000000♠394/km2 (1,020/sq mi) 968
27 Arunachal Pradesh 7006138261100000000♠1,382,611
(0.11%) 25.9% 7006106916500000000♠1,069,165
(77.33%) 7005313446000000000♠313,446
(22.67%) 7010837430000000000♠83,743 km2 (32,333 sq mi) 6995170000000000000♠17/km2 (44/sq mi) 920
28 Mizoram 7006109101400000000♠1,091,014
(0.09%) 22.8% 7005529037000000000♠529,037
(48.49%) 7005561997000000000♠561,997
(51.51%) 7010210810000000000♠21,081 km2 (8,139 sq mi) 6995519999999999999♠52/km2 (130/sq mi) 975
29 Sikkim 7005607688000000000♠607,688
(0.05%) 12.4% 7005455962000000000♠455,962
(75.03%) 7005151726000000000♠151,726
(24.97%) 7009709600000000000♠7,096 km2 (2,740 sq mi) 6995859999999999999♠86/km2 (220/sq mi) 889
7001300000000000000♠NCT Delhi 7007189800000000000♠18,980,000
(1.38%) 21% 7005419319000000000♠419,319
(2.50%) 7007163339160000000♠16,333,916
(97.50%) 7009148400000000000♠1,484 km2 (573 sq mi) 6998112970000000000♠11,297/km2 (29,260/sq mi) 866
7001310000000000000♠UT1 Puducherry 7006124446400000000♠1,244,464
(0.10%) 27.7% 7005394341000000000♠394,341
(31.69%) 7005850123000000000♠850,123
(68.31%) 7008479000000000000♠479 km2 (185 sq mi) 6997259800000000000♠2,598/km2 (6,730/sq mi) 1,038
7001320000000000000♠UT2 Chandigarh 7006105545000000000♠1,055,450
(0.09%) 17.1% 7004290040000000000♠29,004
(2.75%) 7006102568200000000♠1,025,682
(97.25%) 7008114000000000000♠114 km2 (44 sq mi) 6997925200000000000♠9,252/km2 (23,960/sq mi) 818
7001330000000000000♠UT3 Andaman and Nicobar Islands 7005379944000000000♠379,944
(0.03%) 6.7% 7005244411000000000♠244,411
(64.33%) 7005135533000000000♠135,533
(35.67%) 7009824900000000000♠8,249 km2 (3,185 sq mi) 6995460000000000000♠46/km2 (120/sq mi) 878
7001340000000000000♠UT4 Dadra and Nagar Haveli 7005342853000000000♠342,853
(0.03%) 55.5% 7005183024000000000♠183,024
(53.38%) 7005159829000000000♠159,829
(46.62%) 7008491000000000000♠491 km2 (190 sq mi) 6996698000000000000♠698/km2 (1,810/sq mi) 775
7001350000000000000♠UT5 Daman and Diu 7005242911000000000♠242,911
(0.02%) 53.5% 7004603310000000000♠60,331
(24.84%) 7005182580000000000♠182,580
(75.16%) 7008112000000000000♠112 km2 (43 sq mi) 6997216900000000000♠2,169/km2 (5,620/sq mi) 618
7001360000000000000♠UT6 Lakshadweep 7004644290000000000♠64,429
(0.01%) 6.2% 7004141210000000000♠14,121
(21.92%) 7004503080000000000♠50,308
(78.08%) 7007320000000000000♠32 km2 (12 sq mi) 6997201300000000000♠2,013/km2 (5,210/sq mi) 946
Total India 1,210,193,422
(100%) 17.64% 833,087,662
(68.84%) 377,105,760
(31.16%) 3,287,240 km2 (1,269,210 sq mi) 382/km2 (990/sq mi) 943
Notes[edit]
For determining population density of India and the State of Jammu and Kashmir, the data excludes areas claimed by India but controlled by Pakistan (78,114 km2) and China (42,735 km2).[18][19]
This includes 120,849 square kilometres (46,660 sq mi) of territory controlled by Pakistan, but claimed by India along with Aksai Chin and Shaksgam Valley, territories administered by the People's Republic of China.
^β Excludes Mao-Maram, Paomata, and Purul sub-divisions of Senapati district of Manipur.
See also[edit]
Demographics of India
List of country subdivisions by population
List of metropolitan areas in India
List of states and union territories of India by area
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "India at a Glance: Profile". Government of India. Retrieved 2013-09-30.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Area and Population". Government of India (2001). Census of India. Retrieved 2008-10-26.
Jump up ^ "India - General Profile, Land Use Classification and Land Use Pattern" (PDF). National Informatics Centre (NIC). Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 14, 2006. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ "Census Organisation of India". Government of India (2001). Census of India. Archived from the original on December 1, 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-04.
Jump up ^ "Brief history of census". Government of India (2001). Census of India. Retrieved 2008-10-26.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "India Census 2011, Provisional Population Totals" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 18, 2015.
Jump up ^ http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/archive/00517/India_Census_2011___517160a.pdf
Jump up ^ http://www.thehindu.com/multimedia/archive/00517/India_Census_2011___517160a.pdf
Jump up ^ "Urban Agglomerations (UAs) & towns". Government of India (2001). Census of India. Retrieved 2008-12-04.
Jump up ^ Shinde, Swati (13 Sep 2008). "Migration rate to city will dip". Times of India. Retrieved 2008-12-08.
Jump up ^ "Develop towns to stop migration to urban areas: economist". Chennai, India: Hindu. Dec 3, 2005. Retrieved 2008-12-08.
Jump up ^ "Migration". Government of India (2001). Census of India. Retrieved 2008-10-26.
Jump up ^ T-party: India's 29th state Telangana is born
Jump up ^ "List of states with Population, Sex Ratio and Literacy Census 2011". 2011 Census of India. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Ranking of States and Union territories by population size : 1991 and 2001" (PDF). Government of India (2001). Census of India. pp. 5–6. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
^ Jump up to: a b "Provisional Population Totals". Government of India (2011). Census of India. Retrieved 2011-07-23.
Jump up ^ "Area of India/state/district". Government of India (2001). Census of India. Retrieved 2008-10-27.
Jump up ^ "J&K 2011 Population density census" (PDF).
Jump up ^ "Religion PCA 2011 J&K census".
2011 Indian Census
External links[edit]
Official website of Census of India
Census of India - Density of population
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value: Liosta stáit na hIndia de réir a ndaonra – Irish

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ga
display: none;

value: Lista de estados da India por poboación – Galician

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

value: जनसंख्या के आधार पर भारत के राज्य और संघ क्षेत्र – Hindi

value: Daftar negara bagian dan wilayah di India menurut jumlah penduduk – Indonesian

value: ಭಾರತದ ರಾಜ್ಯಗಳ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ – Kannada

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kn
display: none;

value: India tagállamainak listája népesség szerint – Hungarian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

value: भारतीय राज्ये व केंद्रशासित प्रदेश यांची सूची लोकसंख्येनुसार – Marathi

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mr
display: none;

value: لسٹ بھارت دیاں ریاستاں تے علاقے بلحاظ آبادی – Western Punjabi

value: Lista de estados e territórios da união da Índia por população – Portuguese

value: Lista över Indiens delstater efter folkmängd – Swedish

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

value: மக்கள்தொகை அடிப்படையில் இந்திய மாநிலங்களின் பட்டியல் – Tamil

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta
display: none;

value: భారతదేశ రాష్ట్రాల జనాభా – Telugu

value: بھارت کی ریاستیں بلحاظ آبادی – Urdu

value: Danh sách bang của Ấn Độ theo dân số – Vietnamese

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

value: 印度行政区人口列表 – Wu Chinese

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu
display: none;

value: 印度行政区人口列表 – Chinese

value: interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist

value: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_population rootpage-List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_population skin-vector action-view


text:
Copy editing
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For copy editing articles on Wikipedia, see Wikipedia:Copy editing.
Copy editing (also copy-editing or copyediting, sometimes abbreviated ce) is the process of reviewing and correcting written material to improve accuracy, readability, and fitness for its purpose, and to ensure that it is free of error, omission, inconsistency, and repetition.[1][2] In the context of publication in print, copy editing is done before typesetting and again before proofreading, the final step in the editorial cycle.[3]:1–5[1]
In the United States and Canada, an editor who does this work is called a copy editor. An organization's highest-ranking copy editor, or the supervising editor of a group of copy editors, may be known as the copy chief, copy desk chief, or news editor. In book publishing in the United Kingdom and other parts of the world that follow British nomenclature, the term copy editor is used, but in newspaper and magazine publishing, the term is subeditor (or sub-editor), commonly shortened to sub. The senior subeditor of a publication is frequently called the chief subeditor. As the prefix sub suggests, copy editors typically have less authority than regular editors.[4]
In the context of the Internet, online copy refers to the text content of web pages. Similar to print, online copy editing is the process of revising the raw or draft text of web pages and reworking it to make it ready for publication.[5]
Copy editing has three levels: light, medium, and heavy. Depending on the budget and scheduling of the publication, the publisher will let the copy editor know what level of editing to employ. The type of editing one chooses (light, medium, or heavy) will help the copy editor prioritize their efforts.[3]:12
Within copy editing, there is mechanical editing and substantive editing: Mechanical editing is the process of making a text or manuscript follow editorial or house style. The role of this particular type of editing is to keep the preferred style of publication consistent across all content, as well as make sure that generally accepted grammar rules are followed throughout. It refers to editing in terms of spelling, punctuation, correct usage of grammatical symbols, along with reviewing special elements like tables, charts, formatting footnotes, and endnotes. Content editing, also known as substantive editing, is the editing of material, including its structure and organization. In this type of editing, internal inconsistencies and discrepancies can be dealt with. Content editing oftentimes can require heavy editing or rewriting as compared to mechanical editing.[3]:5–10
Contents
[hide]
1 Practices
1.1 Mechanical editing
1.2 Grammar and usage
1.3 Content editing
1.4 Correlating parts, typecoding, and permissions
2 Processes
2.1 Hard-copy editing
2.2 On-screen editing
2.3 Querying
3 Goals
4 History
5 Changes in the field
6 Traits, skills, and training
7 Contemporary
7.1 Contemporary copy-editor
7.2 Issues
8 See also
9 Notes
10 References
11 External links
Practices[edit]
Mechanical editing[edit]
Mechanical editing is the process of proofreading a piece of writing for consistency, either internally or in accordance with the publisher's house style. According to Einsohn, mechanical editors work with such things as the following:[6]
Abbreviations and acronyms
Additional elements, such as charts, tables, and graphs
Capitalization
Footnotes and endnotes
Hyphenation
Italicization and boldfaced type
Numbers and numerals
Punctuation
Quotations
Spelling
Gilad also mentions the following:[7][need quotation to verify]
Charts, graphs, maps, and their keys
Initialisms
Page numbers, headers, and footers
Tables of contents and page numbers
Underscoring
Proper spelling and punctuation are subjective in some cases, where they must be left to the discretion of the copyeditor or the publisher. Most publishing firms use a widely recognized style manual such as The Chicago Manual of Style or The Associated Press Stylebook. Companies that produce documents and reports but do not consider themselves publishers in the usual sense, tend to rely on in-house style guides or on the judgment of the copyeditor.[3]:5
Grammar and usage[edit]
The goal of the copyeditor is to enforce inviolable rules while respecting personal stylistic preferences. This can be difficult, as some writers view grammatical corrections of the copyedited manuscript as a challenge to their intellectual ability or professional identity. For this reason, copy editors are encouraged to side with the author. If the author's preference is acceptable, it should be respected. This practice is complicated further by constantly evolving language conventions as recorded by books on grammar and usage. Additionally, the authors of such books often disagree.[3]:333–337
Content editing[edit]
Content editing consists of reorganizing or restructuring the content of a document. This involves any inconsistent parts of the content as well as any variances. Copyeditors can either fix the content by rewriting it or heavily editing it. However, the copyeditor will often point out any difficult passages for the author to resolve on his or her own time.[3]:9
Although copyeditors are not responsible for factual correctness of the document, they can provide comments for the author on any information they know to be incorrect,[3]:9 such as year discrepancies or misleading ideas. This type of fact checking is acceptable for copyeditors that know the document's subject matter.[3]:7–10
The copyeditor must also point out any biased language without infringing on the author's meaning. This includes material "that might form the basis for a lawsuit alleging libel, invasion of privacy, or obscenity". Some see censoring biased language as political correctness, so it's important the copyeditor distinguishes between the two.[3]:7–10 To do this, the copyeditor permits intentional "politically incorrect" views and censors only marginalized, offensive, or exclusive language.[3]:405
Correlating parts, typecoding, and permissions[edit]
Most manuscripts will require the copyeditor to correlate the parts within it. Copyeditors must carry out the following tasks in this process:[3]:7
Verify any cross-references that appear in the text
Check the numbering of footnotes, endnotes, tables, and illustrations
Specify the placement of tables and illustrations
Check the content of the illustrations against the captions and the text
Read the list of illustrations against the illustrations and captions
Read the table of contents against the manuscript
Read the footnotes/endnotes and in-text citations against the bibliography
Check the alphabetization of the bibliography or reference list
Some manuscripts may require special cross-checking. For example, in a how-to text, a copyeditor might need to verify that the list of equipment or parts matches the instructions given within said text.[3]:7
Typecoding is the process of identifying which sections of the manuscript are not regular running text. These portions of text, known as elements, include the following:[3]:10
Part and chapter numbers
Titles and subtitles
Headings and subheadings
Lists
Extracts
Displayed equations
Table numbers
Source lines
Footnotes
Figure numbers and captions
It is the copyeditor's job to typecode (or make note of) all manuscript elements for the publication designer.[8] Hard copy copyeditors are usually asked to pencil in the typecodes in the left margin of the manuscript. On-screen copyeditors may be asked to insert typecodes at the beginning and end of each element.[3]:10
Finally, if the manuscript contains long quotations from a published work that is still under copyright, the copyeditor should remind the author to acquire permission to reprint said quotations. The same goes for the reprinting of tables, charts, graphs, and illustrations that have appeared in print. Rules vary for the reproduction of unpublished materials (letters, diaries, etc.)[3]:10
Processes[edit]
There are several basic procedures that every copyeditor must follow: copyeditors need a system for marking changes to the author's text (marking), a process for querying the author and the editorial coordinator (querying), a method for keeping track of editorial decisions (recordkeeping), and procedures for incorporating the author's review of the copyediting into a final manuscript or electronic files (cleanup). These systems were originally developed in an era before that of the computer, but over time these procedures were adapted to exist in a digital on-screen space.[3]:7–10
Each medium (in print and on screen) has its own affordances, and although a copyeditor may prefer one editing process over the other, copyeditors are practically required to use both techniques.
Hard-copy editing[edit]
Traditional markup copy editing, or hard-copy editing, is still important because screening tests for employment are administered in hard copy. Also, the author whose text the copy editor is editing may prefer hard-copy markup, and copy editors need to know traditional markup in case documents and materials cannot be exchanged electronically. When editing in hard-copy, all participating parties (the editor, author, typesetter, and proofreader) must understand the marks the copy editor makes, and therefore a universal marking system that signifies these changes exists. This is also why the copy editor should write legibly and neatly. Copy editors working hard-copy write their corrections in the text directly, leaving the margins for querying. Usually the copy editor is asked to write in a bright color, so the author and other parties can easily recognize the editor's changes.[3]:7–10
On-screen editing[edit]
Every year, more editing projects are being done on computer and fewer in print. Also, if there is a digital version of a text the copyeditor is editing, they can more easily search words, run spellcheckers, and generate clean copies of messy pages. The first thing copyeditors must do when editing on-screen is to copy the author's files, as the original document must be preserved.[3]:7–10 Each word processing program provides various options for how an editor's markups are shown on screen and on the printout. On-screen editing mainly differs from hard-copy editing in the fact that the copyeditor should edit more cleanly on-screen, refraining from saving parts of words, and be careful in maintaining proper line spacing.[3]:7–10
Querying[edit]
Copyeditors often need to query their authors in order to address questions, comments, or explanations: most of these can be done in the margins of the text, or the comment section when on-screen.[3]:7–10 The copyeditor must consider when to query and the length and tone of their queries, as querying too frequently or infrequently, cryptically, or sarcastically can result in a negative relationship between the copyeditor and the author.[3]:7–10
Goals[edit]
Depending on which publication a copyeditor is employed with, his or her goals may change, however there are a few constituencies that must always be served – the author (the person who wrote or compiled the manuscript), the publisher (the person or company that is paying to produce the material), and the readers (the audience for whom the material is being produced). These parties (in conjunction with the copyeditor) work to achieve the same goal, which is to produce an error free publication. The copyeditor strives to improve clarity, coherency, consistency, and correctness – otherwise known as the "4 C's". Each of these components serve the copyeditor's "Cardinal C", which is communication.[3]:3
History[edit]
The advent of the printing press in the middle of the 15th century opened the doors to the first printing houses in Europe. Even after the invention of the printing press and on to today, the editor's job is to correct perceived mistakes. Within these printing houses, there were a variety of employees, one being correctors, or as it is referred to today, editors.[citation needed]
The biggest difference between monastic copyists and copyeditors is that copyeditors leave editions as suggestions that the original author can choose to reject. These printing houses established procedures for editing, preparing the text, and proofreading. Specialist correctors made sure texts were in accordance with the standards of the time.[9]
Before the printing press, monastic copyists altered words or phrases they thought were odd, under the assumption that the copyist before them had made a mistake. This is what led to so much variety in standard texts like the Bible.[10]
After the globalization of the book from 1800 to 1970, the rise of American authors and editors came to fruition. One editor in particular, Maxwell Perkins, was sought out by writers such as Fitzgerald, Hemingway, and Wolfe because he greatly improved the work on these prominent authors with his editorial eye. Perkins was known editing, guiding, and befriending his writers – but the times were changing.[11]
In the late 19th century, the role of an editor was to decide if a manuscript was good enough to be published. As time passed, the role of an editor and publisher became more distant. Although there was a newfound relationship between editors and authors, thoughtful editing did not end.[11]
Copyeditors were employed at various publishing houses, magazines, journals, and by private authors seeking revisions on their work. Some copyeditors were even employed by public relations and advertising firms who valued strong editing practices in their business.[12]
The symbols used by copyeditors today are based on those that have been used by proofreaders since the beginnings of publishing, though they have undergone some changes over time. However, the exact beginnings of the copyediting language used today are unclear. Despite its long history, copyediting as a practice has not experienced any extreme upheaval other than the desktop publishing revolution of the 1980s. This phenomenon began as the result of a series of inventions that were released during the middle of this decade, and refers to the growth of technology usage in the field of copyediting.[13][14] Namely, the development of the Macintosh computer, the desktop laser printer by Hewlett-Packard, and a software for desktop publishing called PageMaker created by Aldus (a company now under the control of Adobe) allowed the revolution to begin.[13][15] By allowing both individuals and publishing agencies alike to cheaply and effectively begin to edit compositions entirely on-screen rather than by hand, desktop publishing revolution morphed copyediting into the practice it is today. Most copyeditors today rely on more modern WYSIWYG ('what you see is what you get') text processors such as Microsoft Word that are based on the original PageMaker to do their work.
There were a few events that led to changes within copyediting as a career. One of these, the successful strike of the editorial department of the Newark Ledger from November 17, 1934 to March 28, 1935, was "the first major action of its kind by any local guild...[it] both confirmed the irreversibility of the guilds' movement away from the professional association idea and greatly accelerated that process".[16] Paired with another string of strikes led by The New York Newspaper Guild against a number of smaller newspapers in the summer of 1934, these actions served to shift the image of the editorial worker as a 'professional' to one as an average citizen.[16] Another strike from the year 1934 was the strike at the Macaulay Company, reportedly the first ever strike to occur at a publishing firm. At the conclusion of the second Macaulay strike,which occurred three months after the first, the nationwide drive towards unionization had entered the publishing industry and was "sweeping through all the major publishing houses".[17] As these events seemed to have the secondary result of lowering the status of editors across the various publishing fields, it could be said that they sparked the decline of copyeditors that can be seen across the publishing fields today.
Owing to the rise of the Digital Age, the roles and responsibilities of a copyeditor have changed. For instance, beginning in 1990, copyeditors learned pagination electronically.[18][page needed] They could now look at different pages of a text on multiple screens and easily edit on there, as opposed to pasting them by hand on a board. This technological advance also required that copyeditors learn new software such as Pagemaker, Quark Xpress, and now Adobe InDesign.
Modern copyeditors are often required to edit for digital as well as print versions of text. Digital copyediting requires copyeditors to understand RSS feeds, social media such as Twitter and Facebook, and Hyper Text Markup Language.[18][page needed] What should be accounted for is that in this digital age, information is constantly being released which then leads to the decline in editing of the online versions. Editors of the website Buzzfeed commented that sometimes they "simply can't get every post before it's published".[19] While copyeditors still do traditional tasks such as checking for facts, grammar, style, and writing headlines, some of their duties have been pushed aside to make way for technology. Some copyeditors now have to design page layouts and some even edit video content. Copyeditors are now sometimes referred to as "copy/layout editors" or "producers/designers".[20]
Changes in the field[edit]
Example of non-professional copy editing in progress
Traditionally, the copy editor would read a printed or written manuscript, manually marking it with editor's correction marks. At sizable newspapers, the main copy desk was often U-shaped; the copy desk chief sat in the "slot" (the center space of the U) and was known as the "slot man", while copy editors were arrayed around him or her on the outside of the U, known as the "rim".[21] In the past, copy editors were sometimes known humorously as "rim rats". Chief copy editors are still sometimes called "the slot".[22] But nowadays, the manuscript is more often read on a computer display and text corrections are entered directly.
The nearly universal adoption of computerized systems for editing and layout in newspapers and magazines has also led copy editors to become more involved in design and the technicalities of production. Technical knowledge is therefore sometimes considered as important as writing ability, though this is truer in journalism than it is in book publishing. Hank Glamann, co-founder of the American Copy Editors Society, made the following observation about ads for copy editor positions at American newspapers:
We want them to be skilled grammarians and wordsmiths and write bright and engaging headlines and must know Quark. But, often, when push comes to shove, we will let every single one of those requirements slide except the last one, because you have to know that in order to push the button at the appointed time.[23]
Traits, skills, and training[edit]
Besides an excellent command of language, copy-editors need broad general knowledge for spotting factual errors; good critical thinking skills in order to recognize inconsistencies or vagueness; interpersonal skills for dealing with writers, other editors and designers; attention to detail; and a sense of style. Also, they must establish priorities and balance a desire for perfection with the necessity to follow deadlines.
Many copy editors have a college degree, often in journalism, the language the text is written in, or communications. In the United States, copy editing is often taught as a college journalism course, though its name varies. The courses often include news design and pagination.
In the United States, The Dow Jones Newspaper Fund sponsors internships that include two weeks of training. Also, the American Press Institute, the Poynter Institute, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UC San Diego Extension and conferences of the American Copy Editors Society offer mid-career training for newspaper copy editors and news editors (news copy desk supervisors).
Most US newspapers and publishers give copy-editing job candidates an editing test or a tryout. These vary widely and can include general items such as acronyms, current events, math, punctuation, and skills such as the use of Associated Press style, headline writing, info graphics editing, and journalism ethics.
In both the US and the UK, there are no official bodies offering a single recognized qualification.
In the UK, several companies provide a range of courses unofficially recognized within the industry. Training may be on the job or through publishing courses, privately run seminars, or correspondence courses of the Society for Editors[24] and Proofreaders. The National Council for the Training of Journalists also has a qualification for subeditors.
Contemporary[edit]
Before the digital era, copy-editors used to take a red pen to a piece of paper to point out errors and inconsistencies using a markup language made up of symbols universally known by copy-editors. The traditional copy editor was once defined as editing for grammar, spelling, punctuation and other mechanics of style.[25]
Copy editing symbols can no longer be used when editing digitally because they are not supported on digital platforms such as track changes. With more posting online and less printing on paper, this means current publishing processes are faster. Hard copy is no longer able to keep up with digital publishing.[26] For a publisher to hire copy editors to print hard copy, make edits, and then make changes is no longer the most efficient process. The position of copy editors is at risk because time demands quicker results that can be done by automatic correction software that catches grammatical errors.[27] Transferring the responsibility from human copy editors to digital software has been adopted by some publishing companies because it is available free of cost.
Professionals feared that the introduction of digital editing software would put an end to copyediting careers. Copy editors are still employed and needed for heavy editing, such as fact-checking and content organization, which software is not yet able to do. With grammar software and journalists that can edit, copy editors are seen as a luxury in publishing.[27] The potential for a company to use editing software may also require the copy editor to only perform heavy editing and querying. Though the steps for copyediting are the same, the execution is what has been changed due to the introduction of digital environments.
The technological development of Cloud storage allows contemporary copy editors and writers to upload and share files across multiple devices.[28] Online word processors such as Google Docs, Dropbox, Zoho, OpenGoo and Buzzword allow users to perform a number of tasks. Each processor has its advantages and disadvantages based on the users' preferences, but primarily allow users to share, edit and collaborate on documents.[29] On Google Docs users can invite others via e-mail to view, comment and edit any file of their choosing.[30] Those invited can view and edit the document together in real time.[31] Unlike Google Docs whose files can only be shared through the web app, Dropbox shares from a desktop app.[26][31] Dropbox users can share documents as links or as shared folders.[29] Users can create shared folders and add others to the folder.[29] Files in a shared folder will appear in the other user's Dropbox and all involved users receive notifications when edits are made to a file in the folder.[29] Adobe's Buzzword allows users to share files, with the user's choice from varying levels of editing access, and includes a Version History feature which tracks changes made to documents and lets users revert to earlier versions.[31] Useful in many word processors, a Track Changes feature allows users to make changes to a document and view them separately from the original document. In Microsoft Word users can choose whether to show or hide changes by clicking Track Changes under the Review ribbon.[32] Those editing documents can leave comments by clicking wherever the user desires to leave a comment and clicking New Comment under the review ribbon or by highlighting text and clicking New Comment.[32] Users can select the revision of specific users whom they have allowed to revise their work and choose which level of mark ups to view under the Show Markup dropdown menu in the Review ribbon.[32] Users can also choose to accept or reject changes by clicking either Accept or Reject in the Review Ribbon.[32]
Contemporary copy-editor[edit]
The field of copy-editing is not obsolete. Teresa Schmedding, president of the American Copy Editors Society (ACES) and a deputy managing editor at the Daily Herald in Chicago, thinks that copyeditors are "a natural fit" for digital journalism and social media because though publishing has been made available to almost anyone, quality and credibility is brought to content only by copy editors.[32]
When editing a piece, copy editors now have to consider multimedia aspects of the story. The inclusion of video, images, SEO, and audio are just some of the components that are now created and included to digital publications by copy editors.[32] Digital journalism has created many new roles for a copy editor, such as editing on the Web. Digital editing now requires copy editors to become familiar with search-engine optimization, understanding HyperText Markup Language, Cascading Style Sheets, and RSS feeds.[32] In addition to Web-based skills, contemporary copy editors must also obtain a larger skill set, having knowledge of and the ability to operate software such as Adobe Illustrator for generating graphics or Adobe Dreamweaver for designing web pages.
Issues[edit]
One of the problems with copy-editing is that it may slow the publication of text. With the digital publishing era came an increased demand for a fast turnover of information.
As the news industry debates the future of copy editing, critics and audiences[who?] are left wondering whether new online audiences care as much as print audiences would about things like grammar, punctuation, and accurate usage and phrasing.[citation needed]
Web-based publications, such as BuzzFeed and Slate, do not have enough room in their budgets to keep a sufficient amount of staff to edit their massive, daily rushes of content. Because of this, copy chief Emmy Favila says lower-priority posts are published without copy edits at Buzzfeed.[33] Slate does not edit its blog posts before publication, but all of its news articles are copy edited before publication, say Slate copy chief Lowen Liu and deputy editor Julia Turner.[33]
In response to such high demands for fast-produced content, some online publications have started publishing articles first and then editing later, a process known as back-editing. Editors prioritize stories to edit based on traffic and whether the content was originally reported for needing edits.
See also[edit]
Author editing
American Copy Editors Society
AP Stylebook
Headline
News design
Photo caption
Proofreading
Robinson Prize
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "What Is Copy Editing?". Retrieved March 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ Stainton, Elsie Myers (2002). The Fine Art of Copyediting. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231124782. Retrieved 21 February 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Einsohn, Amy (2011). The Copyeditor's Handbook: A Guide for Book Publishing and Corporate Communications, with Exercises and Answer Keys. Berkeley, California: University of California. ISBN 978-0-520-27156-2.
Jump up ^ Lozano, George A. Ethics of Using Language Editing Services in an Era of Digital Communication and Heavily Multi-Authored Papers. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "Copy Editing Services in Chennai". www.sparkleweb.org. Retrieved 2016-05-04.
Jump up ^ Einsohn, Amy (2011). The Copyeditor's Handbook: A Guide for Book Publishing and Corporate Communications, with Exercises and Answer Keys. Berkeley, California: University of California. ISBN 978-0-520-27156-2. The heart of copyediting consists of making a manuscript conform to an editorial style (also called house style). Editorial style includes:
spelling
hyphenation
capitalization
punctuation
treatment of numbers and numerals
treatment of quotations
use of abbreviations and acronyms
use of italics and bold type
treatment of special elements (headings, lists, tables, charts, and graphs)
format of footnotes or endnotes and other documentation.
Jump up ^ Gilad, Suzanne (2007). Copyediting & Proofreading for Dummies. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-470-12171-9.
Jump up ^ Cyranoworks.com[permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Hellinga, Lotte (2009). The Gutenberg Revolutions A Companion to the History of the Book, p. 211.Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford. ISBN 9781405192781.
Jump up ^ "Copy Editing". MMMporium. 16 October 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Luey, Beth (2009). Modernity and Print III: The United States 1890-1970 A Companion to the History of the Book, p. 369.Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford. ISBN 9781405192781.
Jump up ^ Harrigan, Jane R.; Dunlap, Karen Brown (2003). The Editorial Eye (Second ed.). Bedford/St. Martin's. p. 387. ISBN 9780312152703.
^ Jump up to: a b "History of Desktop Publishing". DesignTalk. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Book Editing Looks at Developments in the History of Book Printing and Publishing". The Authors Guild. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ Allen Renear (2002). "Desktop Publishing". The Gale Group Inc. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Daniel J. Leab. "Toward Unionization: The American Newspaper Guild and the Newark Ledger Strike of 1934-35". Tamiment Institute. Missing or empty |url= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Cynthia J. Davis, Kathryn West (2006). "Women Writers in the United States: A Timeline of Literary, Cultural, and Social History". Oxford UP. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Avery-Ahlijian, Angela Anne. (2011). Copy Editing in the Digital Age: How Technology Has Changed Copy Editing (Thesis). Eastern Michigan University.
Jump up ^ Dan Appenfeller (May 13, 2014). "Copy Editors Carve Niche in Digital Media Landscape".
Jump up ^ Fred Vultee (June 1, 2013). "A look at the numbers: Editing job losses in the newsroom".
Jump up ^ Bill Walsh. "What's a slot man?". The Slot. Retrieved July 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ Deborah Howell (October 28, 2007). "The Power and Perils of Headlines". Washington Post. Retrieved July 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Workshop: Keeping your copy editors happy". The American Society of Newspaper Editors. 7 August 2002. Archived from the original on 7 February 2006. Retrieved 2 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "society for editors and proofreaders". Society for Editors and Proofreaders. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Definitions of editorial skills". Editors' Association of Canada. Retrieved 5 April 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Copy Editing in the Digital Age: How Technology Has Changed Copy Editing". Eastern Michigan University. 2011. Retrieved 5 April 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Will Automated Copy Editors Replace Human Ones?". American Journalism Review. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 5 April 2016.
Jump up ^ "Four Differences Between Google Drive and Dropbox". Coolhead Tech. 23 October 2013. Retrieved 5 April 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "5 Great Alternatives to Google Docs You Should Consider". Make Use Of. 26 October 2009. Retrieved 5 April 2016.
Jump up ^ "Overview of Google Docs, Sheets, and Slides". Google. Retrieved 5 April 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Overview of Google Docs, Sheets, and Slides". Google. Retrieved 5 April 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Track changes while you edit". Google. Retrieved 5 April 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Copy Editors Carve Niche in Digital Media Landscape". American Journalism Review. 13 May 2014. Retrieved 5 April 2016.
References[edit]
Laura Anderson. McGraw-Hill's Proofreading Handbook, 2nd edn. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006.
Floyd K. Baskette, Jack Z. Sissors, and Brian S. Brooks. The Art of Editing, 8th edn. Allyn & Bacon, 2004.
Rewritten and updated: Brian S. Brooks and James L. Pinson. The Art of Editing in the Age of Convergence, 11th edn. Routledge, 2017.
Butcher, Judith; Drake, Caroline; Leach, Maureen (2006). Butcher's Copy-editing: The Cambridge Handbook for Editors, Copy-editors and Proofreaders (4 ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-84713-1. Retrieved 18 September 2012.
Amy Einsohn. The Copyeditor's Handbook: A Guide for Book Publishing and Corporate Communications, 2nd edn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006.
Karen Judd. Copyediting: A Practical Guide, 3rd edn. Menlo Park, CA: Crisp Learning, 2001.
Scott Norton. Developmental Editing: A Handbook for Freelancers, Authors, and Publishers. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009.
Carol Fisher Saller. The Subversive Copy Editor: Advice from Chicago (or, How to Negotiate Good Relationships with Your Writers, Your Colleagues, and Yourself). Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009.
Séamas Ó Brógáin. A Dictionary of Editing. Dublin: [1] Claritas, 2015; ISBN 978-0-9934649-0-4.
Peggy Smith. Mark My Words: Instruction and Practice in Proofreading, 3rd edn. Alexandria, VA: EEI Press, 1997.
Elsie Myers Stainton. The Fine Art of Copyediting, 2nd edn. New York: Columbia University Press, 2002.
Mary Stroughton. The Copyeditor's Guide to Substance and Style, 3rd edn. Alexandria, VA: EEI Press, 2006.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Copy editing.
Look up copy editing in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Proofreading practice at Project Gutenberg Distributed Proofreaders
What exactly is a copy editor?, by Bill Walsh of The Washington Post
How a copy desk works
[hide]
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy_editing&oldid=837806513"
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text:
I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues"
Single by Elton John
from the album Too Low for Zero
B-side
"Choc-Ice Goes Mental" (UK)
"The Retreat" (US)
Released
April 1983 (UK)
November 1983 (US)
Format
Vinyl record (7")
Recorded
September 1982
Genre
Soft rock
Length
4:45
Label
Rocket
Geffen (US)
Songwriter(s)
Elton John, Bernie Taupin, Davey Johnstone
Producer(s)
Chris Thomas
Elton John singles chronology
"All Quiet on the Western Front"
(1982) "I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues"
(1983) "I'm Still Standing"
(1983)
"All Quiet on the Western Front"
(1982) "I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues"
(1983) "I'm Still Standing"
(1983)
Music video
"I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues" on YouTube
Too Low for Zero track listing
"Religion"
(4) "I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues"
(5) "Crystal"
(6)
"I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues" is a song by English singer Elton John, with music by John and lyrics by Bernie Taupin and Davey Johnstone. In the US, it was one of John's biggest hits of the 1980s, holding at #2 for four weeks on the Adult Contemporary chart, and reaching #4 on the Billboard Hot 100.
The song features Stevie Wonder on harmonica. The song received largely favorable reviews, with Bill Janovitz of AllMusic declaring the song "likely to stand the test of time as a standard."[1]
The song also was featured on an episode of Family Guy.
Contents
[hide]
1 Track listing
2 Song life
3 Charts
4 Personnel
5 References
6 External links
Track listing[edit]
US 7" single
"I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues"
"The Retreat"
UK 7" single
"I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues"
"Choc Ice Goes Mental"
Song life[edit]
"I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues"
From Too Low for Zero
Problems playing this file? See media help.
The song appeared on the album Too Low for Zero. Released as a single in April 1983, the song reached number five in the UK chart and number four in the US chart six months later. The song was also featured on the film soundtrack to Peter's Friends in 1992.
The original music video, one of twenty directed for John by Australian Russell Mulcahy,[2] tells the story of two 1950s-era young lovers who are separated when the man is forced to leave for National Service, depicting the trials and tribulations he experiences there, and then are finally reunited at the end of the song. It was filmed in the Rivoli Ballroom in London and is marked as one of the few times John has been filmed or videotaped without wearing his trademark glasses.
The song was later performed live by Mary J. Blige and Elton John, and this version of the song was part of the Mary J. Blige & Friends EP. A live version of the song with Mary J. Blige also appeared on John's One Night Only – The Greatest Hits live compilation, recorded in Madison Square Garden in October 2000. Another live version, this one featuring just Elton John and basic rhythm section, was recorded live in Verona in 1996 during John's appearance with Luciano Pavarotti as part of the master tenor's Pavarotti and Friends for War Child benefit concerts.
John has performed the song, a fan favourite, live numerous times, occasionally playing it as part of a medley with his hit "Blue Eyes" (from the 1982 album Jump Up!).
The song was covered by James Blunt and released in the UK on the compilation album BBC Radio 2: Sounds of the 80s on 7 November 2014.[3]
Canadian singer Alessia Cara covered the song for the 2018 tribute album Revamp: Reimagining the Songs of Elton John & Bernie Taupin.
Charts[edit]
Chart (1983-1984)
Peak
position
Australia (Kent Music Report)[4] 4
Germany (Media Control AG)[5] 22
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[6] 48
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[7] 12
South Africa (RISA)[8] 4
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[9] 12
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[10] 5
Zimbabwe Singles (ZIMA)[11] 1
Chart (1984)
Peak
position
Canadian Adult Contemporary[12] 1
Canadian Top Singles[13] 9
US Billboard Hot 100[14] 4
Personnel[edit]
Elton John: piano, keyboards, vocals
Davey Johnstone: electric guitar, acoustic guitar, backing vocals
Dee Murray: bass, backing vocals
Nigel Olsson: drums, backing vocals
Stevie Wonder: harmonica
References[edit]
Jump up ^ I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues at AllMusic
Jump up ^ "Russell Mulcahy". austlit.edu.au. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues". iTunes. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992. St Ives, NSW: Australian Chart Book. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
Jump up ^ "Chartverfolgung / JOHN, ELTON / Single" (in German). Media Control Charts. PhonoNet GmbH.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Elton John – I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues" (in Dutch). Single Top 100.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Elton John – I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues". Top 40 Singles.
Jump up ^ ""I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues" on the South African Singles Chart". Springbok Radio. Retrieved September 25, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Elton John – I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues – Hitparade.ch". Singles Top 75. Hung Medien.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ * Zimbabwe. Kimberley, C. Zimbabwe: singles chart book. Harare: C. Kimberley, 2000
Jump up ^ "Contemporary Adult". RPM. 39 (22). 4 February 1984. ISSN 0315-5994. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "50 Singles". RPM. 39 (23). 11 February 1984. ISSN 0315-5994. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "Elton John Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard.
External links[edit]
Elton John - I Guess That's Why They Call It The Blues on YouTube
Lyrics for "I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues" at Bernietaupin.com
"I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues" at Discogs (list of releases)
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[hide]
v
t
e
Elton John songs
1960s and 1970s
"Skyline Pigeon" (1968)
"I've Been Loving You" (1968)
"Lady Samantha" (1969)
"It's Me That You Need" (1969)
"Border Song" (1970)
"Rock and Roll Madonna" (1970)
"From Denver to L.A." (1970)
"Take Me to the Pilot" (1970)
"Your Song" (1970)
"Friends" (1971)
"Levon" (1971)
"Tiny Dancer" (1972)
"Rocket Man" (1972)
"Honky Cat" (1972)
"I Think I'm Going to Kill Myself" (1972)
"Mona Lisas and Mad Hatters" (1972)
"Crocodile Rock" (1972)
"Elderberry Wine" (1972)
"Daniel" (1972)
"Teacher I Need You" (1973)
"Funeral for a Friend/Love Lies Bleeding" (1973)
"Saturday Night's Alright for Fighting" (1973)
"Goodbye Yellow Brick Road" (1973)
"Step into Christmas" (1973)
"Candle in the Wind" (1974)
"Bennie and the Jets" (1974)
"Harmony" (1974)
"Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me" (1974)
"The Bitch Is Back" (1974)
"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" (1974)
"Philadelphia Freedom" (1975)
"I Saw Her Standing There" (1975)
"Someone Saved My Life Tonight" (1975)
"Island Girl" (1975)
"Grow Some Funk of Your Own" (1976)
"I Feel Like a Bullet (In the Gun of Robert Ford)" (1976)
"Pinball Wizard" (1976)
"Don't Go Breaking My Heart" (1976)
"Cage the Songbird" (1976)
"Sorry Seems to Be the Hardest Word" (1976)
"Bite Your Lip (Get Up and Dance!)" (1977)
"Crazy Water" (1977)
"The Goaldiggers Song" (1977)
"Ego" (1978)
"Part-Time Love" (1978)
"Song for Guy" (1978)
"Are You Ready for Love" (1979)
"Mama Can't Buy You Love" (1979)
"Johnny B. Goode" (1979)
1980s
"Little Jeannie" (1980)
"Sartorial Eloquence (Don't Ya Wanna Play This Game No More?)" (1980)
"Dear God" (1980)
"Whatever Gets You thru the Night" (1981)
"Nobody Wins" (1981)
"Loving You Is Sweeter Than Ever" (with Kiki Dee, 1981)
"Blue Eyes" (1982)
"Empty Garden (Hey Hey Johnny)" (1982)
"Ball and Chain" (1982)
"All Quiet on the Western Front" (1982)
"I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues" (1983)
"I'm Still Standing" (1983)
"Sad Songs (Say So Much)" (1984)
"Passengers" (1984)
"Nikita" (1985)
"That's What Friends Are For" (1985)
"Wrap Her Up" (1985)
"Take Me to the Pilot" (1988)
"I Don't Wanna Go on with You Like That" (1988)
"Town of Plenty" (1988)
"Mona Lisas and Mad Hatters (Part Two)" (1988)
"Healing Hands" (1989)
"Sacrifice" (1989)
1990s
"Club at the End of the Street" (1990)
"You Gotta Love Someone" (1990)
"Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me" (1991)
"The One" (1992)
"Runaway Train" (1992)
"The Last Song" (1992)
"Simple Life" (1993)
"True Love" (1993)
"Shakey Ground" (1994)
"Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing" (1994)
"Can You Feel the Love Tonight" (1994)
"Circle of Life" (1994)
"Believe" (1995)
"Made in England" (1995)
"When the Money's Gone" (1995)
"You Can Make History (Young Again)" (1996)
"The Madness of King Scar" (1997)
"Something About the Way You Look Tonight" (1997)
"Candle in the Wind 1997" (1997)
"Written in the Stars" (1999)
2000s
"I Want Love" (2001)
"This Train Don't Stop There Anymore" (2002)
"Original Sin" (2002)
"Are You Ready for Love" (2003)
"Ghetto Gospel" (2005)
"Electricity" (2005)
"The Bridge" (2006)
"Joseph, Better You than Me" (2008)
"Tiny Dancer (Hold Me Closer)" (2009)
Related articles
Albums discography
Videography
Book:Elton John
Category:Elton John
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_Guess_That%27s_Why_They_Call_It_the_Blues&oldid=836418224"
Categories:
1983 singles
Elton John songs
Geffen Records singles
Music videos directed by Russell Mulcahy
Songs with music by Elton John
Songs with lyrics by Bernie Taupin
Song recordings produced by Chris Thomas (record producer)
1983 songs
The Rocket Record Company singles
Hidden categories:
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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value: I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues – Danish

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