text:
Cell division
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Not to be confused with cellular differentiation.
Three types of cell division
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells.[1] Cell division usually occurs as part of a larger cell cycle. In eukaryotes, there are two distinct types of cell division: a vegetative division, whereby each daughter cell is genetically identical to the parent cell (mitosis),[2] and a reproductive cell division, whereby the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells is reduced by half to produce haploid gametes (meiosis). Meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells by undergoing one round of DNA replication followed by two divisions. Homologous chromosomes are separated in the first division, and sister chromatids are separated in the second division. Both of these cell division cycles are used in the process of sexual reproduction at some point in their life cycle. Both are believed to be present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor. Prokaryotes undergo a vegetative cell division known as binary fission, where their genetic material is segregated equally into two daughter cells. All cell divisions, regardless of organism, are preceded by a single round of DNA replication.
For simple unicellular microorganisms such as the amoeba, one cell division is equivalent to reproduction – an entire new organism is created. On a larger scale, mitotic cell division can create progeny from multicellular organisms, such as plants that grow from cuttings. Mitotic cell division enables sexually reproducing organisms to develop from the one-celled zygote, which itself was produced by meiotic cell division from gametes. After growth, cell division by mitosis allows for continual construction and repair of the organism.[3] The human body experiences about 10 quadrillion cell divisions in a lifetime.[4]
The primary concern of cell division is the maintenance of the original cell's genome. Before division can occur, the genomic information that is stored in chromosomes must be replicated, and the duplicated genome must be separated cleanly between cells. A great deal of cellular infrastructure is involved in keeping genomic information consistent between generations.
Contents
[hide]
1 Phases of cell division
1.1 Interphase
1.2 Prophase
1.3 Metaphase
1.4 Anaphase
1.5 Telophase
2 Variants
3 Degradation
4 History
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
Phases of cell division[edit]
This article relies too much on references to primary sources. Please improve this by adding secondary or tertiary sources. (July 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Interphase[edit]
Interphase is the process a cell must go through before mitosis, meiosis, and cytokinesis.[5] Interphase consists of four main stages: G1, S, G0, and G2. G1 is a time of growth for the cell. If the cell does not progress through G1, the cell then enters a stage called G0. In G0, cells are still living but they are put on hold. The cells may later be called back into interphase if needed at a later time. There are checkpoints during interphase that allow the cell to be either progressed or denied further development. In S phase, the chromosomes are replicated in order for the genetic content to be maintained. During G2, the cell undergoes the final stages of growth before it enters the M phase. The M phase, can be either mitosis or meiosis depending on the type of cell. Germ cells undergo meiosis, while somatic cells will undergo mitosis. After the cell proceeds successfully through the M phase, it may then undergo cell division through cytokinesis. The control of each checkpoint is controlled by cyclin and cyclin dependent kinases. The progression of interphase is the result of the increased amount of cyclin. As the amount of cyclin increases, more and more cyclin dependent kinases attach to cyclin signaling the cell further into interphase. The peak of the cyclin attached to the cyclin dependent kinases this system pushes the cell out of interphase and into the M phase, where mitosis, meiosis, and cytokinesis occur.
Prophase[edit]
Prophase is the first stage of division. The nuclear envelope is broken down, long strands of chromatin condense to form shorter more visible strands called chromosomes, the nucleolus disappears, and microtubules attach to the chromosomes at the kinetochores present in the centromere.[6] Microtubules associated with the alignment and separation of chromosomes are referred to as the spindle and spindle fibers. Chromosomes will also be visible under a microscope and will be connected at the centromere. During this condensation and alignment period, homologous chromosomes may swap portions of their DNA in a process known as crossing over.
Metaphase[edit]
Metaphase is the stage in cell division when the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell by MTOCs ( microtubule organizing center) by pushing and pulling on centromeres of both chromatids which causes the chromosome to move to the center. The chromosomes are still condensing and are currently at one step away from being the most coiled and condensed they will be.[7] Spindle and spindle fibers have already connected to the kinetochores. At this point, the chromosomes are ready to split into opposite poles of the cell towards the spindle to which they are connected. [8]
Anaphase[edit]
Anaphase is a very short stage of the cell cycle and occurs after the chromosomes align at the mitotic plate. After the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, the spindle fibers will pull them apart. The chromosomes are split apart as the sister chromatids move to opposite sides of the cell.[9]
Telophase[edit]
Telophase is the last stage of the cell cycle. Two cells form around the chromatin at the two poles of the cell. Two nuclear membranes begin to reform and the chromatin begin to unwind.[10]
Variants[edit]
Image of the mitotic spindle in a human cell showing microtubules in green, chromosomes (DNA) in blue, and kinetochores in red.
Cells are broadly classified into two main categories: simple, non-nucleated prokaryotic cells, and complex, nucleated eukaryotic cells. Owing to their structural differences, eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells do not divide in the same way. Also, the pattern of cell division that transforms eukaryotic stem cells into gametes (sperm cells in males or egg cells in females), termed meiosis, is different from that of the division of somatic cells in the body.
Cell division over 42. The cells were directly imaged in the cell culture vessel, using non-invasive quantitative phase contrast time-lapse microscopy.[11]
Degradation[edit]
Multicellular organisms replace worn-out cells through cell division. In some animals, however, cell division eventually halts. In humans this occurs, on average, after 52 divisions, known as the Hayflick limit. The cell is then referred to as senescent. Cells stop dividing because the telomeres, protective bits of DNA on the end of a chromosome required for replication, shorten with each copy, eventually being consumed.[citation needed] Cancer cells, on the other hand, are not thought to degrade in this way, if at all. An enzyme called telomerase, present in large quantities in cancerous cells, rebuilds the telomeres, allowing division to continue indefinitely.
History[edit]
A cell division under microscope was first discovered by German botanist Hugo von Mohl in 1835 as he worked over Green algae Cladophora glomerata.[12]
See also[edit]
Binary fission
Cell growth
Labile cells, cells that constantly divide
Klerokinesis
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Robert.S Hine, ed. (2008). Oxford Dictionary Biology (6th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-19-920462-5.
Jump up ^ Griffiths, Anthony J.F.; Wessler, Susan R.; Carroll, Sean B.; Doebley, John (2012). Introduction to Genetic Analysis (10 ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman and Company. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-4292-2943-2.
Jump up ^ Maton, Anthea (1997). Cells: Building Blocks of Life. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. pp. 70–74. ISBN 0-13-423476-6.
Jump up ^ Quammen, David (April 2008). "Contagious cancer: The evolution of a killer". Harper's. 316 (1895): 42. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
Jump up ^ Marieb, Elaine (2000). Essentials of human anatomy and physiology. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 0-8053-4940-5.
Jump up ^ Schermelleh, Lothar; Carlton, Peter M.; Haase, Sebastian; Shao, Lin; Winoto, Lukman; Kner, Peter; Burke, Brian; Cardoso, M. Cristin; Agard, David A. (2008-06-06). "Subdiffraction Multicolor Imaging of the Nuclear Periphery with 3D Structured Illumination Microscopy". Science. 320 (5881): 1332–1336. doi:10.1126/science.1156947. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 2916659  . PMID 18535242.
Jump up ^ "Researchers Shed Light On Shrinking Of Chromosomes". ScienceDaily. June 12, 2007. Retrieved 2017-02-02.
Jump up ^ Elrod, Susan (2002). Schaum's Outline of Genetics (Fifth ed.). United States of America: McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc. p. 8. ISBN 9780071625036.
Jump up ^ "The Cell Cycle". www.biology-pages.info. Retrieved 2017-02-02.
Jump up ^ Hetzer, Martin W. (2017-02-02). "The Nuclear Envelope". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 2 (3). doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a000539. ISSN 1943-0264. PMC 2829960  . PMID 20300205.
Jump up ^ Phase Holographic Imaging. Cell Division
Jump up ^ Karl Mägdefrau (1994), "Mohl, Hugo von", Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB) (in German), 17, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 690–691 ; (full text online)
Further reading[edit]
Morgan HI. (2007). "The Cell Cycle: Principles of Control" London: New Science Press.
J.M.Turner Fetus into Man (1978, 1989). Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-30692-9
Cell division: binary fission and mitosis
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cell division.
How Cells Divide: Mitosis vs. Meiosis
The Mitosis and Cell Cycle Control Section from the Landmark Papers in Cell Biology (Gall JG, McIntosh JR, eds.) contains commentaries on and links to seminal research papers on mitosis and cell division. Published online in the Image & Video Library of The American Society for Cell Biology
The Image & Video Library of The American Society for Cell Biology contains many videos showing the cell division.
Videos of the first cell divisions in Xenopus laevis embryos (side view and top view), acquired by MRI (DOI of paper)
Images : Calanthe discolor Lindl. - Flavon's Secret Flower Garden
Tyson's model of cell division and a Description on BioModels Database
WormWeb.org: Interactive Visualization of the C. elegans Cell Lineage - Visualize the entire set of cell divisions of the nematode C. elegans
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t
e
Cell cycle proteins
Cyclin
A (A1, A2)
B (B1, B2, B3)
D (D1, D2, D3)
E (E1, E2)
CDK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
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CDK-activating kinase
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INK4a/ARF (p14arf/p16, p15, p18, p19)
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P53 p63 p73 family
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Wee
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G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
M phase
Mitosis (Preprophase
Prophase
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase)
Cytokinesis
Cell cycle checkpoints
Restriction point
Spindle checkpoint
Postreplication checkpoint
Other cellular phases
Apoptosis
G0 phase
Meiosis
Authority control
GND: 4190668-8
NDL: 00569966
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Glycogenin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
glycogenin glucosyltransferase
Glycogenin structure (from rabbit).[1]
Identifiers
EC number
2.4.1.186
CAS number
117590-73-5
Databases
IntEnz
IntEnz view
BRENDA
BRENDA entry
ExPASy
NiceZyme view
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KEGG entry
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Glycogenin is an enzyme involved in converting glucose to glycogen. It acts as a primer, by polymerizing the first few glucose molecules, after which other enzymes take over. It is a homodimer of 37-kDa subunits and is classified as a glycosyltransferase.
It catalyzes the chemical reaction:
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are UDP-alpha-D-glucose and glycogenin, whereas its two products are UDP and alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin.
Contents
[hide]
1 Nomenclature
2 Discovery
3 Function
4 Structure
5 Isozymes
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
Nomenclature[edit]
This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the hexosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-alpha-D-glucose:glycogenin alpha-D-glucosyltransferase. Other names in common use include:
glycogenin,
priming glucosyltransferase, and
UDP-glucose:glycogenin glucosyltransferase.
Discovery[edit]
Glycogenin was discovered in 1984 by Dr. William J. Whelan, a fellow of the Royal Society of London and current professor of Biochemistry at the University of Miami.[2]
Function[edit]
The main enzyme involved in glycogen polymerisation, glycogen synthase, can only add to an existing chain of at least 4 glucose residues. Glycogenin acts as the primer, to which further glucose monomers may be added. It achieves this by catalyzing the addition of glucose to itself (autocatalysis) by first binding glucose from UDP-glucose to the hydroxyl group of Tyr-194. Seven more glucoses can be added, each derived from UDP-glucose, by glycogenin's glucosyltransferase activity. Once sufficient residues have been added, glycogen synthase takes over extending the chain. Glycogenin remains covalently attached to the reducing end of the glycogen molecule.
Evidence accumulates that a priming protein may be a fundamental property of polysaccharide synthesis in general; the molecular details of mammalian glycogen biogenesis may serve as a useful model for other systems.
Structure[edit]
2-D cross-sectional view of glycogen. A core protein of glycogenin is surrounded by branches of glucose units. The entire globular complex may contain approximately 30 000 glucose units.[3]
Isozymes[edit]
In humans, there are two isoforms of glycogenin — glycogenin-1, encoded by GYG1, and expressed in muscle; and glycogenin-2, encoded by GYG2,and expressed in the liver and cardiac muscle, but not skeletal muscle. Patients have been found with defective GYG1, resulting in muscle cells with the inability to store glycogen, and consequential weakness and heart disease.[4]
glycogenin 1
Identifiers
Symbol
GYG1
Alt. symbols
GYG
Entrez
2992
HUGO
4699
OMIM
603942
RefSeq
NM_004130
UniProt
P46976
Other data
EC number
2.4.1.186
Locus
Chr. 3 q24-q25.1
glycogenin 2
Identifiers
Symbol
GYG2
Entrez
8908
HUGO
4700
OMIM
300198
RefSeq
NM_003918
UniProt
O15488
Other data
EC number
2.4.1.186
Locus
Chr. X p22.3
References[edit]
Jump up ^ PDB: 1LL3; Gibbons BJ, Roach PJ, Hurley TD (May 2002). "Crystal structure of the autocatalytic initiator of glycogen biosynthesis, glycogenin". J. Mol. Biol. 319 (2): 463–77. PMID 12051921. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00305-4.
Jump up ^ Whelan WJ (September 1998). "Pride and prejudice: the discovery of the primer for glycogen synthesis". Protein Sci. 7 (9): 2038–41. PMC 2144155  . PMID 9761486. doi:10.1002/pro.5560070921.
Jump up ^ Katch, Victor L.; McArdle, William D.; Katch, Frank I. (2007). Exercise physiology: energy, nutrition, and human performance. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. p. 12. ISBN 0-7817-4990-5.
Jump up ^ Moslemi AR, Lindberg C, Nilsson J, Tajsharghi H, Andersson B, Oldfors A (April 2010). "Glycogenin-1 deficiency and inactivated priming of glycogen synthesis". N. Engl. J. Med. 362 (13): 1203–10. PMID 20357282. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0900661.
Further reading[edit]
Krisman CR, Barengo R (1975). "A precursor of glycogen biosynthesis: alpha-1,4-glucan-protein". Eur. J. Biochem. 52 (1): 117–23. PMID 809265. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1975.tb03979.x.
Pitcher J, Smythe C, Campbell DG, Cohen P (1987). "Identification of the 38-kDa subunit of rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen synthase as glycogenin". Eur. J. Biochem. 169 (3): 497–502. PMID 3121316. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb13637.x.
Pitcher J, Smythe C, Cohen P (1988). "Glycogenin is the priming glucosyltransferase required for the initiation of glycogen biogenesis in rabbit skeletal muscle". Eur. J. Biochem. 176 (2): 391–5. PMID 2970965. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb14294.x.
Berman, M.C. and Opie, L.A. (Eds.), Membranes and Muscle, ICSU Press/IRL Press, Oxford, 1985, p. 65-84.
Rodriguez IR, Whelan WJ (1985). "A novel glycosyl-amino acid linkage: rabbit-muscle glycogen is covalently linked to a protein via tyrosine". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 132 (2): 829–36. PMID 4062948. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(85)91206-9.
Lomako J, Lomako WM, Whelan WJ (1988). "A self-glucosylating protein is the primer for rabbit muscle glycogen biosynthesis". FASEB J. 2 (15): 3097–103. PMID 2973423.
Alonso MD, Lomako J, Lomako WM, Whelan WJ (1995). "Catalytic activities of glycogenin additional to autocatalytic self-glucosylation". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (25): 15315–9. PMID 7797519. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.25.15315.
Alonso MD, Lomako J, Lomako WM, Whelan WJ (1995). "A new look at the biogenesis of glycogen". FASEB J. 9 (12): 1126–37. PMID 7672505.
Mu J, Roach PJ (1998). "Characterization of human glycogenin-2, a self-glucosylating initiator of liver glycogen metabolism". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (52): 34850–6. PMID 9857012. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.52.34850.
External links[edit]
glycogenin at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
http://molbio.med.miami.edu/NewWebsite/Whelan.htm
[show]
v
t
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Transferases: glycosyltransferases (EC 2.4)
2.4.1: Hexosyl-
transferases
Glucosyl-
Phosphorylase
Starch
Glycogen
Myo-
Glycogen synthase
Debranching enzyme
Branching enzyme
1,3-Beta-glucan synthase
Ceramide glucosyltransferase
Galactosyl-
Lactose synthase
B-N-acetylglucosaminyl-glycopeptide b-1,4-galactosyltransferase
Glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase (C1GALT1)
Glucuronosyl-
B3GAT1
B3GAT2
B3GAT3
UGT1A1
UGT1A3
UGT1A4
UGT1A5
UGT1A6
UGT1A7
UGT1A8
UGT1A9
UGT1A10
UGT2A1
UGT2A2
UGT2A3
UGT2B4
UGT2B7
UGT2B10
UGT2B11
UGT2B15
UGT2B17
UGT2B28
Hyaluronan synthase: HAS1
HAS2
HAS3
Fucosyl-
POFUT1
POFUT2
FUT1
FUT2
FUT3
FUT4
FUT5
FUT6
FUT7
FUT8
FUT9
FUT10
FUT11
Mannosyl-
Dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase
POMT1
POMT2
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Dirty Dancing
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the 1987 romantic drama film. For other uses, see Dirty Dancing (disambiguation).
Dirty Dancing
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Emile Ardolino
Produced by
Linda Gottlieb
Written by
Eleanor Bergstein
Starring
Patrick Swayze
Jennifer Grey
Jerry Orbach
Cynthia Rhodes
Music by
John Morris
Erich Bulling
Cinematography
Jeffrey Jur
Edited by
Peter C. Frank
Production
company
Great American Films Limited Partnership
Distributed by
Vestron Pictures
Release date
August 21, 1987 (1987-08-21)
Running time
100 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$6 million
Box office
$214 million
Dirty Dancing is a 1987 American romantic drama dance film written by Eleanor Bergstein, directed by Emile Ardolino and starring Patrick Swayze and Jennifer Grey in the lead roles, and featuring Cynthia Rhodes and Jerry Orbach.
Originally a low-budget film by a new studio, Vestron Pictures, Dirty Dancing became a massive box office hit. As of 2009[update], it has earned over $214 million worldwide.[2] It was the first film to sell more than a million copies on home video,[2] and the Dirty Dancing soundtrack created by Jimmy Ienner generated two multi-platinum albums and multiple singles, including "(I've Had) The Time of My Life", which won both the Golden Globe and Academy Award for Best Original Song, and a Grammy Award for best duet.[3] The film's popularity led to a 2004 prequel, Dirty Dancing: Havana Nights, as well as a stage version which has had sellout performances in Australia, Europe, and North America.
A Dirty Dancing remake was released in 2017.[4] Unlike the original film, the remake received negative reviews from critics.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Soundtrack
4 Production
4.1 Pre-production
4.2 Casting
4.3 Filming
4.4 Post-production
5 Reception
5.1 Critical response
5.2 Awards and honors
6 Music
7 Legacy
8 Alternate versions
8.1 Stage version
8.2 Tours and TV show
8.3 Prequel
8.4 20th anniversary releases
9 Remake
10 References
11 External links
Plot[edit]
In the summer of 1963, 17-year-old Frances "Baby" Houseman (Jennifer Grey) is vacationing with her affluent family at Kellerman's,[5][6] a resort in the Catskill Mountains. Baby is the younger of two daughters, and plans to attend Mount Holyoke College to study economics in underdeveloped countries and then enter the Peace Corps. Her father, Jake (Jerry Orbach), is the doctor and friend of Max Kellerman (Jack Weston), the resort proprietor. Baby is befriended by Max's grandson Neil (Lonny Price). Baby develops a crush on the resort's dance instructor, Johnny Castle (Patrick Swayze). Johnny is the leader of the resort's working-class entertainment staff. Baby encounters Johnny's cousin Billy on a walk through the resort grounds, and helps him carry watermelons to the staff quarters. The staff hold secret after-hours parties in their quarters, and Baby is surprised by the "dirty dancing" they engage in.[7] Intrigued, Baby receives a brief, impromptu dance lesson from Johnny.
After Baby discovers that Johnny's dance partner, Penny Johnson (Cynthia Rhodes), is pregnant by Robbie Gould (Max Cantor), a womanizing waiter who is also dating and cheating on Baby's older sister, Lisa (Jane Brucker) and several other female guests, she borrows money from her father to pay for an illegal abortion for Penny. Jake agrees to give the money to Baby even though she says she can't tell him what it's for. Penny eventually accepts the money, but says there is another issue. Johnny and Penny perform a weekly dance at the Sheldrake, another nearby resort. Penny will miss her performance if she goes for the abortion, and they will forfeit their salary for the season. Billy suggests that Baby fill in for her. Johnny scoffs at this, which overcomes Baby's initial resistance. Billy and Penny insist that Johnny can teach anyone to dance. Johnny begins to teach Baby the mambo, and the two spend several awkward practice sessions together. Baby gradually begins to improve, and a romantic attraction grows between them.
An iconic scene from the dancing finale[8][9]
Billy takes Penny to a traveling abortionist while Baby and Johnny perform at the Sheldrake Hotel. Their performance is mostly successful, although Baby is too nervous to accomplish the dance's climactic lift. Johnny and Baby return to Kellerman's and find Penny in agony. Billy explains that the "doctor" turned out to be a back-alley hack who caused severe damage to Penny. Baby brings her father to help Penny, but when Jake asks point blank, "Who's responsible for this girl?", Johnny replies "I am", claiming responsibility out of fear that Penny will be fired if it gets out that she slept with Robbie. Jake treats Penny, but is angry that Baby used his money to pay for the procedure, and forbids Baby to associate with Johnny or his friends. Baby goes to Johnny to apologize for her father's behavior. They dance, and afterwards have sex. Jake tells his family they'll be leaving early over breakfast. Marjorie says they are paid up til Sunday and Lisa protests, because she wants to sing at the end-of-season talent show. Jake gives in, and Baby continues to see Johnny despite her father's warning. She pulls Johnny off the footpath when her father is nearby, and Johnny is hurt that she won't stand up for him to her father. Robbie sees them during their argument and makes a derisive remark about "going slumming" with the staff. Johnny assaults him.
Due to his growing feelings for Baby, Johnny refused payment for sex with another Kellerman's guest, "bungalow bunny" Vivian Pressman. Vivian takes Robbie for sex in his cabin, which is accidentally interrupted by Lisa, who told Baby that she was intending to have sex with Robbie. When Vivian leaves the cabin the next morning, she discovers Baby leaving Johnny's cabin after. Later in the morning over breakfast, Max and Neil Kellerman reveal to the Housemans that Moe Pressman's wallet was stolen while he was playing a card game with other guests. Vivian accuses Johnny of the theft in a fit of her jealousy over Johnny's rejection. Johnny is unable to provide a verifiable alibi, in order to protect his relationship with Baby. To save Johnny from being fired, Baby confesses that Johnny did not commit the theft because she was with him in his cabin that night. Johnny is cleared of the theft after it is revealed that two elderly guests, Mr. and Mrs. Schumacher, stole Moe's wallet along with wallets of other guests. Max fires Johnny anyway for having a fraternizing affair with Baby. Baby and Johnny embrace and bid farewell to each other, saying they'll never regret their affair, despite her father's objections. Baby pointedly apologizes to Jake for lying about her relationship with Johnny, but not for the relationship itself.
Baby and her parents watch the end-of-season talent show. Jake bids farewell to Robbie, and gives him a recommendation letter for medical school. Robbie thanks Jake, willingly reveals that he got Penny pregnant and insults her and Baby, which leads Jake to yank the letter back. Staff and guests (including Lisa) of Kellerman's are singing the closing song together when the door opens and Johnny walks in. He's returned to do the last dance of the season. Johnny leads Baby onstage, interrupting the show which is already in progress. He makes a brief speech about how "Frances" has made him a better man. Baby and Johnny dance a more provocative version of their mambo duet, and the other "dirty dancers" join in. Baby runs to Johnny and executes the elusive lift move they'd practiced. The dirty dancers pull guests from their seats to join in the celebration. Jake apologizes to Johnny for thinking he got Penny pregnant, and reconciles with Baby. The film ends with the entire cast dancing joyously to "(I've Had) The Time of My Life".
Cast[edit]
Jennifer Grey as Frances "Baby" Houseman
Patrick Swayze as Johnny Castle
Cynthia Rhodes as Penny Johnson
Jerry Orbach as Dr. Jake Houseman
Kelly Bishop as Marjorie Houseman
Jane Brucker as Lisa Houseman
Jack Weston as Max Kellerman
Max Cantor as Robbie Gould
Lonny Price as Neil Kellerman
Charles Coles as Tito Suarez
Neal Jones as Billy Kostecki
Miranda Garrison as Vivian Pressman
Garry Goodrow as Moe Pressman
Wayne Knight as Stan
Soundtrack[edit]
"Be My Baby" – The Ronettes
"Big Girls Don't Cry" – Frankie Valli and The Four Seasons
"Where Are You Tonight?" – Tom Johnston
"Do You Love Me" – The Contours
"Love Man" – Otis Redding
"Stay" – Maurice Williams and the Zodiacs
"Hungry Eyes" – Eric Carmen
"Overload" – Zappacosta
"Hey! Baby" – Bruce Channel
"De Todo Un Poco" – Melon
"Some Kind of Wonderful" – The Drifters
"These Arms Of Mine" – Otis Redding
"Cry to Me" – Solomon Burke
"Will You Love Me Tomorrow" – The Shirelles
"Love Is Strange" – Mickey & Sylvia
"You Don't Own Me" – The Blow Monkeys
"Yes" – Merry Clayton
"In the Still of the Night" – The Five Satins
"She's Like the Wind" – Patrick Swayze
"(I've Had) The Time of My Life" – Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes
Note: Actress Jane Brucker wrote the song "Hula Hana," which she performed in her role of Lisa in the show rehearsal scene.[10]
Production[edit]
Pre-production[edit]
Dirty Dancing is based in large part on screenwriter Eleanor Bergstein's own childhood: she is the younger daughter of a Jewish doctor from New York, spent summers with her family in the Catskills, participated in "Dirty Dancing" competitions, and was herself nicknamed "Baby" as a girl. In 1980, Bergstein wrote a screenplay for the Michael Douglas film, It's My Turn. However, the producers cut an erotic dancing scene from the script, much to her dismay. She then conceived a new story, focused almost exclusively on dancing. In 1984, she pitched the idea to MGM executive Eileen Miselle, who liked it and teamed Bergstein with producer Linda Gottlieb. They set the film in 1963, with the character of Baby based on Bergstein's own life, and the character of Johnny based on the stories of Michael Terrace, a dance instructor whom Bergstein met in the Catskills in 1985 while she was researching the story.[citation needed] She finished the script in November 1985, but management changes at MGM put the script into turnaround, or limbo.
Bergstein then shopped the script around to other studios but was repeatedly rejected, until she brought it to Vestron Pictures, the newly formed studio division of Stamford, Connecticut, based Vestron Inc., the leading independent home video distribution company.[citation needed] While honing their pitch to Vestron, Gottlieb and Bergstein chose Emile Ardolino as the film's director, who had won the 1983 Academy Award for the documentary, He Makes Me Feel Like Dancin'. Ardolino had never directed a feature film, but was extremely passionate about the project; he even sent a message from where he was sequestered on jury duty, insisting that he was the best choice as director. The team of Gottlieb, Bergstein, and Ardolino then presented their vision for the film to Vestron's president, Jon Peisinger, and the company's vice president for production, Mitchell Cannold. By the end of the meeting, Peisinger had greenlighted the project to become Vestron's first feature film production. The approved film was budgeted at the relatively low amount of $5 million, at a time when the average cost for a film was $12 million.[11]
For choreographer, Bergstein chose Kenny Ortega, who had been trained by Gene Kelly.[12] For a location, they did not find anything suitable in the Catskills (as many of the resorts had been shut down at that point), so they decided on a combination of two locations: Lake Lure, North Carolina and the Mountain Lake Hotel near Newport, Virginia, and with careful editing made it look like all shooting was done in the same area.[13]
Casting[edit]
Director Ardolino was adamant that they choose dancers who could also act, as he did not want to use the "stand-in" method that had been used with Flashdance (1983). For the female lead of Frances "Baby" Houseman, Bergstein chose the 26-year-old Jennifer Grey, daughter of the Oscar-winning actor and dancer Joel Grey (e.g., of the film Cabaret (1972), who, like her father, was a trained dancer. They then sought a male lead, initially considering 20-year-old Billy Zane, who had the visual look desired (originally the Johnny character was to be Italian and have a dark exotic look), but initial dancing tests when he was partnered with Grey did not meet expectations. The next choice was 34-year-old Patrick Swayze, who had been noticed for his roles in Grandview, U.S.A. (1984) and Red Dawn (1984). He was a seasoned dancer, with experience from the Joffrey Ballet. The producers were thrilled with him, but his agent was opposed to the idea. However, Swayze read the script, liked the multi-level character of Johnny, and took the part anyway, and Johnny was changed from being Italian to Irish. Grey was initially not happy about the choice, as she and Swayze had difficulty getting along on Red Dawn, but when they did their dancing screen test, the chemistry between them was obvious. Bergstein described it as "breathtaking".[14]
Other casting choices were Broadway actor Jerry Orbach as Dr. Jake Houseman, Baby's father; and Jane Brucker as Lisa Houseman, her older sister. Bergstein also attempted to cast her friend, sex therapist Dr. Ruth Westheimer, to play Mrs. Schumacher, and Joel Grey as her husband. However, Westheimer backed out when she learned the role involved being a thief. The role went instead to 79-year-old Paula Trueman, and Joel Grey was not cast. Another role went to Bergstein's friend, New York radio personality "Cousin Brucie". She initially wanted him to portray the social director but then later asked him to play the part of the magician. The role of the social director went to the then unknown Wayne Knight (of later Seinfeld and 3rd Rock from the Sun fame).[15] The part of Baby's mother was originally given to Lynne Lipton, who is briefly visible in the beginning, when the Houseman family first pulls into Kellerman's (she is in the front seat for a few seconds; her blonde hair is the only indication), but she became ill during the first week of shooting and was replaced by actress Kelly Bishop, who had already been cast to play Vivian Pressman, the highly sexed resort guest. Bishop moved into the role of Mrs. Houseman, and the film's assistant choreographer Miranda Garrison took on the role of Vivian.[16][17]
Filming[edit]
A typical family resort in the Catskill Mountains
Principal photography for Dirty Dancing took place in Lake Lure, North Carolina, and Mountain Lake, Virginia. Scenes in Lake Lure were filmed at the old Boys Camp, which is now a private, residential community known as Firefly Cove. These scenes included the interior dancing scenes, Baby carrying the watermelon and practicing on the signature stairs, Johnny's cabin, the staff cabins, the golf scene where Baby asks her father for $250. Scenes filmed at Mountain Lake included the famous "water lift" scene, dining scenes, Kellerman's Hotel, the beach games, Penny crying in the kitchen, and the Houseman family's cabins.[citation needed]
The tight schedule allowed only two weeks for rehearsal and 44 days for filming, as it was already the tail end of summer. The cast stayed in the same hotel at Mountain Lake Lodge in Pembroke, Virginia and at the 1927 Lake Lure Inn & Spa in Lake Lure, N.C. Rehearsals quickly turned into disco parties involving nearly every cast member, even non-dancers such as Jack Weston.[citation needed]
The dancing and drinking went on almost non-stop and, immersed in the environment, the lead actors, Grey and Swayze, began identifying with their characters. Bergstein built upon this, encouraging the actors to improvise in their scenes. She also built the sexual tension by saying that no matter how intimate or "grinding" the dance steps, that none of the dancers were to have any other kind of physical contact with each other for the next six months.[14]
Filming started on September 5, 1986 but was plagued by the weather, which ranged from pouring rain to sweltering heat. The outside temperature rose to 105 °F (41 °C), and with all the additional camera and lighting equipment needed for filming, the temperature inside could be as high as 120 °F (49 °C). According to choreographer Kenny Ortega, on one day 10 people passed out within 25 minutes of shooting. The elderly Paula Trueman collapsed and was taken to the local emergency room to be treated for dehydration. Patrick Swayze also required a hospital visit; insisting on doing his own stunts, he repeatedly fell off the log during the "balancing" scene and injured his knee so badly he had to have fluid drained from the swelling.[14]
Delays in the shooting schedule pushed filming into the autumn, which required the set decorators to spray-paint the autumn leaves green. The uncooperative weather then took a different turn, plunging from oppressive heat to down near 40 °F (4 °C), causing frigid conditions for the famous swimming scene in October. The crew wore warm coats, gloves, and boots. Swayze and Grey stripped down to light summer clothing, to repeatedly dive into the cold water.[13] Despite her character's enjoyment, Grey later described the water as "horrifically" cold, and she might not have gone into the lake, except that she was "young and hungry".[16]
Relations between the two main stars varied throughout production. They had already had trouble getting along in their previous project, Red Dawn (1984), and worked things out enough to have an extremely positive screen test, but that initial cooperation soon faded, and they were soon "facing off" before every scene.[14] There was concern among the production staff that the animosity between the two stars would endanger the filming of the love scenes. To address this, producer Bergstein and director Ardolino forced the stars to re-watch their initial screen-tests—the ones with the "breathtaking" chemistry. This had the desired effect, and Swayze and Grey were able to return to the film with renewed energy and enthusiasm.[16]
Director Ardolino encouraged the actors to improvise and often kept the cameras rolling, even if actors went "off script". One example of this was the scene where Grey was to stand in front of Swayze with her back to him and put her arm up behind his head while he trailed his fingers down her arm (similar to the pose seen in the movie poster). Though it was written as a serious and tender moment, Grey was exhausted, found the move ticklish, and could not stop giggling each time Swayze tried it, no matter how many takes Ardolino asked for. Swayze was impatient to finish the scene and found Grey's behavior annoying. However, the producers decided the scene worked as it was and put it into the film, complete with Grey's giggling and Swayze's annoyed expression. It became one of the most famous scenes in the movie, turning out, as choreographer Kenny Ortega put it, "as one of the most delicate and honest moments in the film."[14]
Post-production[edit]
The shooting wrapped on October 27, 1986, both on-time and on-budget. No one on the team, however, liked the rough cut that was put together, and Vestron executives were convinced the film was going to be a flop. Thirty-nine percent of people who viewed the film did not realize abortion was the subplot. In May 1987, the film was screened for producer Aaron Russo. According to Vestron executive Mitchell Cannold, Russo's reaction at the end was to say simply, "Burn the negative, and collect the insurance."[14]
Further disputes arose over whether a corporate sponsor could be found to promote the film. Marketers of the Clearasil acne product liked the film, seeing it as a vehicle to reach a teen target audience. However, when they learned the film contained an abortion scene, they asked for that part of the plot to be cut. As Bergstein refused, the Clearasil promotion was dropped. Consequently, Vestron promoted the film themselves and set the premiere on August 16, 1987. The Vestron executives had planned to release the film in theaters for a weekend, and then send it to home video, since Vestron had been in the video distribution business before film production.[8] Considering how many people disliked the film at that point, producer Gottlieb's recollection of her feelings at the time was, "I would have only been grateful, if when it was released, people didn't yell at me."[14]
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
The film received positive reviews from critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a score of 72% based on reviews from 57 critics, with a rating average of 6.1 out of 10.[18]
For the film's opening, the August 16, 1987 edition of The New York Times published a major review, with a headline reading, "Dirty Dancing Rocks to an Innocent Beat." The Times reviewer called the film "a metaphor for America in the summer of 1963 – orderly, prosperous, bursting with good intentions, a sort of Yiddish-inflected Camelot."[19] Other reviews were more mixed: Gene Siskel gave the film a "marginal Thumbs Up" as he liked Jennifer Grey's acting and development of her character, while Roger Ebert gave it "Thumbs Down" due to its "idiot plot",[20] calling it a "tired and relentlessly predictable story of love between kids from different backgrounds."[21] TIME magazine was lukewarm, saying, "If the ending of Eleanor Bergstein's script is too neat and inspirational, the rough energy of the film's song and dance does carry one along, past the whispered doubts of better judgment."[22] In a retrospective review, Jezebel's Irin Carmon called the film "the greatest movie of all time" as "a great, brave movie for women" with "some subtle, retrospectively sharp-eyed critiques of class and gender."[23]
Abortion rights advocates have called the film the “gold standard” for cinematic portrayals of abortion,[24] which author Yannis Tzioumakis described as offering a "compassionate depiction of abortion in which the woman seeking an abortion was not demonized with the primary concerns being her health and preserving her capacity to bear children at a future time rather than the ethical dilemma that might or might not inform her decision, a portrayal that is not necessarily available in current films."[25]
The film drew adult audiences instead of the expected teens, with viewers rating the film highly.[16] Many filmgoers, after seeing the film once, went right back into the theater to watch it a second time.[16] Word-of-mouth promotion took the film to the number one position in the United States, and in 10 days it had broken the $10 million mark. By November, it was also achieving international fame. Within seven months of release, it had brought in $63 million domestically and boosted attendance in dance classes across America.[14] It was one of the highest-grossing films of 1987, earning $170 million worldwide.[26][27]
The film's popularity continued to grow after its initial release. It was the number one video rental of 1988[28] and became the first film to sell a million copies on video. When the film was re-released in 1997, ten years after its original release, Swayze received his own star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame,[29] and videos were still selling at the rate of over 40,000 per month.[29] As of 2005[update], it was selling a million DVDs per year,[30] with over ten million copies sold as of 2007[update].[31]
A May 2007 survey by Britain's Sky Movies listed Dirty Dancing as number one on "Women's most-watched films", above the Star Wars trilogy, Grease, The Sound of Music, and Pretty Woman.[32] The film's popularity has also caused it to be called "the Star Wars for girls."[9][33][34] An April 2008 article in Britain's Daily Mail listed Dirty Dancing as number one on a list of "most romantic movie quotes ever", for Baby's line: "I'm scared of walking out of this room and never feeling the rest of my whole life the way I feel when I'm with you."[35]
The film's music has also had considerable impact. The closing song, "(I've Had) The Time of My Life", has been listed as the "third most popular song played at funerals" in the UK.[9]
Awards and honors[edit]
Jennifer Grey at the 1988 Academy Awards
Year
Award
Category
Result
Ref
1988 60th Academy Awards Academy Award for Best Original Song Won [36]
Golden Globe Awards Best Original Song Won [37]
Best Motion Picture – Comedy/Musical Nominated [38]
Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture – Comedy/Musical Nominated [38]
Best Performance by an Actress in a Motion Picture – Comedy/Musical Nominated [38]
Grammy Awards Best Pop Performance by a Duo Won [39]
Best Song written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media Nominated [37]
The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:
2002: AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions – #93[40]
2004: AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:
"(I've Had) The Time of My Life" – #86[41]
"Do You Love Me" – Nominated[42]
2005: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:
Johnny Castle: "Nobody puts Baby in a corner." – #98[43]
2006: AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers – Nominated[44]
Music[edit]
See also: Dirty Dancing (soundtrack)
Rehearsals for the dancing, and some filming, used music from Bergstein's personal collection of gramophone records. When it came time to select actual music for the film, Vestron chose Jimmy Ienner as music supervisor. Ienner, who had previously produced albums and songs for John Lennon and Three Dog Night, opted to stick with much of the music that had already been used during filming and obtained licenses for the songs from Bergstein's collection. He also enlisted Swayze to sing the new song "She's Like the Wind". Swayze had written the song a few years earlier with Stacy Widelitz, originally intending for it to be used in the film Grandview, U.S.A. (1984).[14]
John Morris composed the film's score. The lyrics for the Kellermans' song that closes the talent show were written specifically for the film[16] and were sung to the tune of "Annie Lisle", a commonly used theme for school alma maters.[45] Kenny Ortega and his assistant Miranda Garrison chose the song for the finale by going through an entire box of tapes, listening to each one. According to Ortega, literally the last tape they listened to had "The Time of My Life", which they saw as the obvious choice.[37] Ienner then insisted that Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes record it. The song won the 1988 Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group, an Academy Award for Best Original Song, and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song.[37][39]
The film's soundtrack started an oldies music revival,[46] and demand for the album caught RCA Records by surprise. According to Franke Previte, before a single had even been released, there were a million albums on back-order.[14] The Dirty Dancing album spent 18 weeks at number one on the Billboard 200 album sales charts and went platinum eleven times, selling more than 32 million copies worldwide.[47][48] It spawned a follow-up multi-platinum album in February 1988, entitled More Dirty Dancing.[49]
Songs from the album which appeared on the charts included:[37]
"(I've Had) The Time of My Life", performed by Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes, composed by Franke Previte, John deNicola, and Donald Markowitz – this song rose to #1 on the pop charts.[50]
"She's Like the Wind", performed by lead actor Patrick Swayze, composed by Lee and Stacy Widelitz; this song peaked at #3 in 1988.
"Hungry Eyes", performed by Eric Carmen, composed by Franke Previte and John deNicola; this song peaked at #4 in 1988.
"Yes", performed by Merry Clayton, composed by Neal Cavanaugh, Terry Fryer and Tom Graf; this song peaked #45 in 1988.
Additionally, the resurgence in popularity of the oldies contained in the movie led to a re-release of The Contours' single "Do You Love Me". "Do You Love Me" was featured in the movie but was omitted from the original soundtrack; it was included on More Dirty Dancing. Upon being re-released, "Do You Love Me" became a surprise hit all over again, this time peaking at #11 (it originally hit #3 back in 1962).[citation needed]
Legacy[edit]
The iconic scene where Johnny says "Nobody puts Baby in a corner."[51]
As for the studio, despite the film's huge monetary success, Vestron followed it up with a series of flops and ran out of money. Vestron's parent company, Vestron Inc., went bankrupt in 1989,[14] and was bought out in January 1991 by LIVE Entertainment for $26 million. The rights to Dirty Dancing now rest with Lionsgate Entertainment,[30] which purchased Artisan Entertainment in 2003.
Orbach, already known as a successful Broadway actor, continued in different genres. He was the voice of the candelabrum "Lumiere" in the Disney animated film Beauty and the Beast (1991), before taking on his best known role, detective Lennie Briscoe in the TV crime drama Law & Order, which he played from 1992 until his death in 2004.[52]
Choreographer Ortega went on to choreograph and direct other major pictures such as Newsies (1992)[12] and starting in 2006, the High School Musical series.[53] He also became a director of film and television, including several episodes of Gilmore Girls, in which Dirty Dancing's Kelly Bishop had a starring role.[54]
Lake Lure celebrated its Dirty Dancing legacy in the 1980s with the Dirty Dancing Revue featuring the A-Lure Dancers, soul singer Maurice Williams (whose song "Stay" was featured in the film), and Billy Scott and the Party Prophets. Today, Lake Lure hosts the annual Dirty Dancing Festival.[55]
Kellerman's Hotel is the Mountain Lake Hotel, and it now offers "Dirty Dancing Weekends".[56]
Various images and lines from the film have worked their way into popular culture. Johnny Castle's line, "Nobody puts Baby in a corner", has been used in song lyrics, as the title of the "Nobody Puts Baby in a Corner" episode of the TV series Veronica Mars, and as the title of a Fall Out Boy song. "Nobody puts Baby in a corner" was also quoted in Supernatural: when Dean says the line concerning his beloved Impala and his brother Sam retorts that the line is from a Swayze movie; Dean responds: "Swayze always gets a pass". The line was parodied in the webcomic Looking for Group where Richard, one of the primary characters, uttered a variation involving his own name, and in Family Guy, where the scene is parodied by Baby's parents questioning Johnny due to her youth. In Sweden, feminist art group Sisters of Jam put the text "Nobody puts Baby in a corner" (in English) in white neon light at Umeå Bus Square (2008) and at Karlstad University (2012).[57]
Family Guy also parodies the scene where Baby first sees Johnny dancing with the staff. In the TV series How I Met Your Mother, Barney Stinson attempts to pass off the Dirty Dancing story as the story of his own loss of virginity because he is ashamed of his actual story; the original "Love is Strange" scene is shown with Barney replacing Johnny.
The French film Heartbreaker (2010) pays homage to the film, as a plot detail, with some clips from the film shown and a "recreation" by the two main characters of the "lift" scene.
In the first episode of the TV series New Girl, the female lead Jess watches the film repeatedly after her break up.
Since 2009, there has been a Dirty Dancing Festival in Lake Lure, North Carolina.[58]
Alternate versions[edit]
Stage version[edit]
The film was adapted for the stage in 2004 as a musical, Dirty Dancing: The Classic Story on Stage. Produced by Jacobsen Entertainment in Australia for $6.5 million, it was written by Eleanor Bergstein and had the same songs as the film, plus a few extra scenes. Musical direction was by Chong Lim (one of the composers for the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney), and the initial production starred Kym Valentine as Baby and Sydney Dance Company's Josef Brown as Johnny. Although reviews were mixed,[34] the production was a commercial success, selling over 200,000 tickets during its six-month run.[27] It has also had sellout runs in Germany and in London's West End, where it opened at the Aldwych Theatre on October 23, 2006 with the highest pre-sell in London history, earning £6 million ($US12 million).[8][9][34] As of March 2011[update], over 1 million people have seen the musical in London, selling out 6 months in advance.[59] The original West End production closed in July 2011 after a five-year run, prior to a two-year national tour.[60] The show returned to the West End at the Piccadilly Theatre and ran from July 13, 2013 to February 22, 2014 before resuming its tour of the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland.[61]
A New York production was in the planning stage in 2006,[34] with the show first starting in other North American cities. It broke box office records in May 2007 for its first such venue, selling $2 million on the first day of ticket sales in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The production opened on November 15, 2007 at the Royal Alexandra Theatre, with an all-Canadian cast, except for Monica West (Baby Housman), Britta Lazenga (Penny), and Al Sapienza (Jake Housman). After Toronto, the musical opened in Chicago in previews on September 28, 2008 and officially on October 19, 2008, running through January 17, 2009,[62] followed by Boston (February 7 – March 15, 2009) and Los Angeles.[63][64][65]
An official American tour began in September 2014 at The National Theatre in Washington, DC with dates scheduled in 31 cities. Previews started August 26 and the official opening night was on September 2.[66]
Tours and TV show[edit]
Dirty Dancing has appeared in other forms than the stage version. In 1988, a music tour named Dirty Dancing: Live in Concert, featuring Bill Medley and Eric Carmen,[37] played 90 cities in three months.[14] Also in 1988, the CBS network launched a Dirty Dancing television series, however with none of the original cast or staff. The series was canceled after only a few episodes.
Prequel[edit]
In 2004, a prequel of the film was released, entitled Dirty Dancing: Havana Nights. It tells the story of a sheltered American teenager learning about life through dance, when her family relocates to Havana, Cuba just before the 1959 Cuban Revolution. Swayze was paid $5 million to appear in a cameo role as a dance teacher[67] —considerably more than the $200,000 he earned for the first film.[68]
20th anniversary releases[edit]
For the 20th anniversary in 2007, the film was re-released in theatres with additional footage, while the original film version was re-released on DVD with deleted scenes, and included writer commentary.[69] At the same time, Codemasters released Dirty Dancing: The Video Game.[70] In the United Kingdom, the anniversary was marked by a reality TV show based on the film; titled Dirty Dancing: The Time of Your Life, the TV show was filmed at the Mountain Lake resort.
In the UK, to mark the 20th anniversary of the film, Channel Five broadcast a special documentary called Seriously Dirty Dancing. It was presented by Dawn Porter, an investigative journalist and a self-confessed Dirty Dancing addict. The documentary was very successful, being Channel Five's highest rated documentary of 2007. Porter visited the set of the film, met other Dirty Dancing fanatics, and learned the last dance, which she performed at the end of the documentary in front of family and friends.
Remake[edit]
Main article: Dirty Dancing (2017 film)
In August 2011, Lionsgate, who owns the film rights, announced their plan to remake the film. It was confirmed that the studio had hired the film's choreographer, Kenny Ortega, to direct. "We believe that the timing couldn't be better to modernize this story on the big screen, and we are proud to have Kenny Ortega at the helm," Joe Drake, president of Lionsgate's Motion Picture Group, explained about the project. A miniseries version of "Dirty Dancing" had been scheduled to be shot in Western North Carolina.[71] As of July 29, 2015, the miniseries has been put on hold.[72]
In December 2015, ABC ordered a three-hour musical remake of Dirty Dancing, starring Abigail Breslin, Colt Prattes, Debra Messing, Sarah Hyland, Nicole Scherzinger, Billy Dee Williams & Shane Harper.[73][74][75][76][77] It aired on May 24, 2017.[4] It received negative reviews from a majority of critics.[78]
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Jump up ^ "Sales / Home Video Top Cassettes of 88 from Billboard magazine". The Orlando Sentinel. December 30, 1988.
^ Jump up to: a b Kolson, Ann (August 17, 1997). "Fairy Tale Without an Ending". The New York Times. p. 2.11.
^ Jump up to: a b Brown, Sandy (July 14, 2005). "Lions Gate grabs Swayze Rights". TheStreet.com. Archived from the original on January 18, 2008. Retrieved March 17, 2008.
Jump up ^ Snider, Mike (April 24, 2007). "Dirty Dancing: Baby's Out of the Corner". USA Today. Retrieved May 26, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Star Wars 'is top film obsession'". BBC News. May 6, 2007. Retrieved March 17, 2008.
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^ Jump up to: a b c Bigelow, Bruce (January 7, 1988). "Three films receive five Golden Globe nominations". Associated Press.
^ Jump up to: a b Hoekstra, Dave (June 26, 1988). "Dirty Dancing: The movie, the music, the money". Chicago Sun-Times.
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Jump up ^ Johnny pulls Baby out of her chair, saying, "Nobody puts Baby in a corner," to Jake. He and Baby take the stage, where Johnny announces, "Sorry about the disruption, folks, but I always do the last dance of the season. This year somebody told me not to. So I'm gonna do my kind of dancin' with a great partner, who's not only a terrific dancer, but somebody who taught me that there are people willing to stand up for other people no matter what it costs them. Somebody who taught me about the kind of person I want to be: Miss Frances Houseman."
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External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dirty Dancing.
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Dirty Dancing
Dirty Dancing on IMDb
Dirty Dancing at the TCM Movie Database
Dirty Dancing at Box Office Mojo
Dirty Dancing at Rotten Tomatoes
Dirty Dancing at Metacritic
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Films directed by Emile Ardolino
He Makes Me Feel Like Dancin' (1983)
Dirty Dancing (1987)
Chances Are (1989)
Three Men and a Little Lady (1990)
Sister Act (1992)
The Nutcracker (1993)
Gypsy (1993)
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value: Dirty Dancing - Balli proibiti – Italian

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