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It (miniseries)
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It
Promotional artwork
Genre
Horror
drama
Based on
It
by Stephen King
Written by
Lawrence D. Cohen
Tommy Lee Wallace
Directed by
Tommy Lee Wallace
Starring
Harry Anderson
Dennis Christopher
Richard Masur
Annette O'Toole
Tim Reid
John Ritter
Richard Thomas
Tim Curry
Narrated by
Tim Reid
Theme music composer
Richard Bellis
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of episodes
2
Production
Producer(s)
Mark Basino
Allen S. Epstein
Jim Green
Cinematography
Richard Leiterman
Editor(s)
David Blangsted
Robert F. Shugrue
Running time
192 minutes (original version)[1]
187 minutes (DVD/Blu-ray version)
193 minutes (2002 DVD/Blu-ray version)
Production company(s)
Lorimar Productions
DawnField Entertainment
The Konigsberg & Sanitsky Company
Greeb & Epstein Productions
Distributor
Warner Bros. Television
Release
Original network
ABC
Original release
November 18 – November 20, 1990
It (also known as Stephen King’s It) is a 1990 American supernatural horror drama miniseries directed by Tommy Lee Wallace and adapted by Lawrence D. Cohen from the Stephen King novel of the same name. It is the first of two adaptations of the novel; the second being the 2017 film adaptation and its upcoming 2019 sequel.
The story revolves around a predatory shapeshifter which has the ability to transform itself into its prey's worst fears, allowing it to exploit the phobias of its victims. It mostly takes the form of a sadistic, wisecracking clown called Pennywise. The protagonists are The Lucky Seven, or The Losers Club, a group of outcast kids who discover Pennywise and vow to destroy him by any means necessary. The series takes place over two different time periods, the first when the Losers first confront Pennywise as children in 1960, and the second when they return as adults in 1990 to defeat him a second time after he resurfaces.
It features an ensemble cast, starring Richard Thomas, John Ritter, Annette O'Toole, Harry Anderson, Dennis Christopher, Tim Reid and Richard Masur as the seven members of the Losers Club, and Tim Curry as Pennywise. The child counterparts of the Losers that appear in part one are played by Jonathan Brandis, Seth Green, Emily Perkins, Brandon Crane, Adam Faraizl, Marlon Taylor and Ben Heller. Michael Cole, Jarred Blancard, Gabe Khouth, Chris Eastman, Olivia Hussey, Frank C. Turner, Tony Dakota, Ryan Michael, Tom Heaton and Chelan Simmons also play supporting roles.
Originally conceived as a four-part eight-hour series, ABC enlisted writer Lawrence D. Cohen to adapt the 1,138-page King novel. Cohen's script condensed the source work into a two-part, three-hour mini-series that retained the core elements of the novel, but Cohen was forced to abandon numerous subplots by virtue of the novel's length and the network's time-slot restrictions. Production on It began in early 1990, and the series was filmed over a period of three months in New Westminster, British Columbia in mid-1990.
It aired on ABC over two nights on November 18 and 20, 1990, attracting 30 million viewers in its premiere. Critics praised Tim Curry's performance as Pennywise. For his work on the miniseries, Richard Bellis received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Achievement in Music Composition for a mini-series or a Special (Dramatic Underscore).
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
2.1 The Losers Club
2.2 Forms of It
2.3 The Bowers Gang
2.4 The Losers Club relatives
2.5 Derry townspeople
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Casting
3.3 Filming
3.4 Special effects
4 Broadcast history
5 Reception
6 Home media
7 Musical score
7.1 Track listing
8 References
9 Works cited
10 External links
Plot[edit]
In Derry, Maine, in 1960, Bill Denbrough gives his younger brother Georgie a paper sailboat to take out onto the street to sail in the gutter. Georgie is unable to stop the boat from sailing down the storm drain, but encounters a strange clown in the drain who introduces himself as Pennywise. Pennywise then entices Georgie to reach into the drain to retrieve his boat, killing the boy by ripping his arm off offscreen. Months later, during the spring semester at their school, Bill befriends the overweight new kid Ben Hanscom. He introduces Ben to asthmatic Eddie Kaspbrak who lives with his overbearing mother, Beverly Marsh who lives with her abusive father who is also the school janitor, wise-cracking Richie Tozier, and Jewish Boy Scout, Stanley Uris. Besides being tormented by a gang of local bullies led by Henry Bowers, the group each experiences disturbing encounters with Pennywise. During one afternoon when he was going to practice his band instrument for the town parade, Bill and his friends encounter Mike Hanlon being pursued by Henry's gang. They chase the bullies off with rocks and befriend Mike, with Henry vowing to kill them all. The group, calling themselves "The Losers Club", come to realize that they are each being terrorized by the same entity. While looking through Mike's history scrapbook, they deduce Pennywise is a monster that surfaces every 30 years in Derry to feed on the town's children before returning to hibernation again. They also deduce that the creature, which they dub "It" since it is not human and has no gender, assumes the appearance of what they fear. Suddenly the book starts flipping pages by itself and the pictures start to move with Pennywise doing a cartwheel. He then climbs a lamppost threatening to “kill them all” and reaches through the book in attempt to grab one of the Losers. They throw the book on the ground and it returns to normal.
After discovering that It killed his brother, Bill leads the Losers into the sewers under Derry to kill It. They are followed by Henry and his friends, Victor Criss and Belch Huggins, who are intent on killing them. It kills Victor, who had separated to set an ambush on the Losers, and Belch, who helps Henry separate Stan from the others, sparing a horrified Henry while chasing Stan as he regroups with the Losers. Pennywise grabs Stan, only for the Losers to use It's ability to access their imaginations against him; Eddie imagines his inhaler is full of battery acid and uses it to melt the clown's face while Beverly uses a slingshot and a silver projectile, which the Losers imagine will kill It, to smash a hole in the clown's head. Pennywise evades the second projectile and escapes down a drain, seemingly dying. Bill makes the others promise to return and kill It should the creature ever come back. Henry, his hair whitened from fright and driven insane from seeing It's "Deadlights", later emerges from the sewers and is institutionalized when he takes credit for murdering his friends, as well as It's previous victims.
In 1990, Mike, now the town librarian, is investigating a string of missing children and killings and arrives at the crime scene of a murdered girl named Laurie Anne Winterbarger. Finding Georgie's picture and convinced that It is back, Mike proceeds to contact the others to fulfill their vow. Bill has become a bestselling horror novelist married to British actress Audra Phillips, Ben is an architect who has lost weight due to joining his high school track team, Beverly is a fashion designer abused by her husband Tom Rogan, Richie is a late night television comedian, Eddie runs a limousine service but still lives with his mother, and Stan is a married real estate broker. Prior to Mike's phone calls, the other Losers had completely forgotten each other along with their childhood traumas and memories of It. While the other five reluctantly agree to come, a fear-stricken Stan slits his wrists in his bathtub and writes "IT" on the wall in his own blood.
The remaining six find themselves harassed by Pennywise once reaching Derry. They eventually meet at dinner, learning of Stan's suicide shortly after Mike calls his wife. Two other people also converge on the town: an older Henry, whom Pennywise frees to help him kill the Losers, and a worried Audra who ends up being abducted by It while exposed to the creature's Deadlights. Mike is hospitalized by Henry, who in turn is killed by his own knife during a scuffle with the other Losers. After Mike gives Bill the two pieces of silver he retrieved from the sewers, the five remaining Losers decide to destroy It for good. They descend into the sewers once again, with Pennywise appearing to them one last time relaying the message that they will never see It, just what their “little minds” can comprehend. Bill learns Audra is being held while overcoming It's attempt to induce further guilt. The Losers eventually reach It's inner sanctum, finding both a catatonic Audra and It's true form as a giant spider. Bill, Ben and Richie nearly get lost in It's Deadlights and Eddie is killed attempting to save his friends. Beverly mortally wounds It with her slingshot, and as It limps away the surviving Losers pursue and knock the creature down and rip its heart out, finally killing It. They remove the comatose Audra and Eddie's body from the sewers.
The Losers go their separate ways and move on with their lives as their memories of It fade away. A recovered Mike also has his memories begin to fade as he considers starting a new life elsewhere. Richie is cast in a film with an actor resembling Eddie, while Beverly and Ben are finally married and expect their first child. Bill is the last to leave Derry, using his last hour in town to coax Audra out of her catatonia by giving her a ride down the street on his childhood bicycle, Silver, which he had once used as a child to escape from It, and Audra finally recovers. The film ends with Bill and Audra kissing as a crowd looks on over the sound of Pennywise’s maniacal laugh.
Cast[edit]
The principal cast of It: From top left to top right, Tim Curry, Richard Thomas, Harry Anderson, and Dennis Christopher. From bottom left to bottom right, Tim Reid, John Ritter, Richard Masur and Jonathan Brandis.
The Losers Club[edit]
Richard Thomas as Bill Denbrough
Jonathan Brandis as Young Bill Denbrough
John Ritter as Ben Hanscom
Brandon Crane as Young Ben Hanscom
Annette O'Toole as Beverly Marsh
Emily Perkins as Young Beverly Marsh
Harry Anderson as Richie Tozier
Seth Green as Young Richie Tozier
Dennis Christopher as Eddie Kaspbrak
Adam Faraizl as Young Eddie Kaspbrak
Tim Reid as Mike Hanlon
Marlon Taylor as Young Mike Hanlon
Richard Masur as Stanley Uris
Ben Heller as Young Stanley Uris
Forms of It[edit]
Tim Curry as Pennywise the Dancing Clown
Steve Makaj as Captain Hanscom
Florence Paterson as Mrs. Kersh
The Bowers Gang[edit]
Michael Cole as Henry Bowers
Jarred Blancard as Young Henry Bowers
Gabe Khouth as Victor Criss
Chris Eastman as Belch Huggins
The Losers Club relatives[edit]
Olivia Hussey as Audra Phillips/Denbrough
Frank C. Turner as Alvin "Al" Marsh
Tony Dakota as George "Georgie" Denbrough
Steven Hilton as Zack Denbrough
Sheelah Megill as Sharon Denbrough
Ryan Michael as Tom Rogan
Caitlin Hicks as Patti Uris
Susan Astley as Aunt Jean
Claire Vardiel as Arlene Hanscom
Sheila Moore as Ms. Sonya Kaspbrak
Derry townspeople[edit]
Terence Kelly as Officer Nell
Jay Brazeau as Derry Cab Driver
Donna Peerless as Miss Douglas
Merrilyn Gann as Mrs. Winterbarger
Chelan Simmons as Laurie Anne Winterbarger
William B. Davis as Mr. Gedreau
Laura Harris as Loni
Garry Chalk as Coach
Kim Kondrashoff as Joey
Helena Yea as Rose
Venus Terzo as Cyndi
Charles Siegel as Nat
Noel Geer as Bradley
Amos Hertzman as "Chubby Kid"
Megan Leitch as Library aide
Boyd Norman as Gas station attendant
Suzie Payne as Female cabbie
Scott Swanson as Rademacher
Nicola Cavendish as Desk clerk
Tom Heaton as Mr. Keene
Paul Batten as Pharmacist
Russell Roberts as Greco
Bill Croft as Koontz
Deva Neil DePodesta as Bum
Katherine Banwell as Television announcer
Douglas Newell as Doctor
Gary Hetherington as Police deputy
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
George A. Romero initially planned to direct It, but left due to scheduling problems.
ABC had acquired the rights to a television mini-series of It, for what would be the first made-for-television film based on a Stephen King work since Salem's Lot (1979), directed by Tobe Hooper.[2] Lawrence D. Cohen, who had previously written the film adaptation of Carrie in 1976, was hired to write It.[2] According to both Stephen King and Cohen, King had little to no involvement in the writing of the miniseries.[2] George A. Romero had originally been signed on to direct the project, which at the time ABC had planned for an eight-to-ten-hour series that would run over four two-hour blocks.[2] Romero left the project due to scheduling conflicts, after which ABC condensed it to a three-part series. Shortly after, Tommy Lee Wallace was brought in to direct. After Wallace signed on to the project, ABC had ultimately decided to condense the series to two parts.[2]
According to writer Cohen: "Speaking candidly, ABC was always nervous about It, primarily the fact that it was in the horror genre, but also the eight-to-ten hour commitment. They loved the piece, but lost their nerve in terms of how many hours they were willing to commit. Eventually, they agreed to a two-night, four-hour commitment."[2] Given the length of the King novel, which runs 1,138 pages,[3] a great deal of material was left out of Cohen's adaptation, including subplots concerning the personal lives of the adult characters, one of which had the main male characters each losing their virginity to Beverly.[2][4] "I can’t even begin to enumerate my favorite scenes from the book that we had to cut, because there are so many of them," Cohen reflected. "I look at it as a glass half full situation. There are scenes in both nights that were created by Steve [King] on the page, and I'm delighted that they survived, like the fortune cookie scene and adult Beverly going to her childhood house. The way I see it, the best moments from the book made the cut and the rest are casualties of war."[2]
However, Wallace and Cohen retained the centrality of Pennywise in the source novel; as noted by film scholar Tony Magistrale in Hollywood's Stephen King, the miniseries retains the "association between the adult world of Derry and It [which] is further established in the masterful choice of a carnival clown as a unifying symbol for the various creatures representing the monster."[5]
Casting[edit]
Malcolm McDowell (left) and Roddy McDowall (right) were initial choices for the role of Pennywise before Tim Curry was cast.
The majority of the adult actors in the film, including John Ritter, Dennis Christopher, Tim Reid and Harry Anderson, were hand-chosen by Wallace and Cohen for their roles.[2] Annette O'Toole was cast in the film at the suggestion of Ritter, with whom she had recently shot The Dreamer of Oz: The L. Frank Baum Story (1990): "I think [John] may have talked to somebody, because I got an offer [to play Beverly]," O'Toole recalled. "It happened really fast; I don’t think I even went in for a reading. I was living in Oregon at the time, and the next thing I knew, I was in Vancouver hanging out with the coolest, most fun guys of all time."[2]
Emily Perkins and Marlon Taylor, who played the young Beverly Marsh and Mike Hanlon, were cast out of Vancouver, while Seth Green and Jonathan Brandis were cast out of Los Angeles for the parts of young Richie and Bill.[2]
According to Cohen, he had written the script for the series without a specific actor in mind for the role of Pennywise.[2] According to director Tommy Lee Wallace, before he was attached to the project, Malcolm McDowell and Roddy McDowall were in consideration to play Pennywise, but Wallace wanted Tim Curry for the role; Wallace had previously worked with the latter in Fright Night Part 2 (1988).[2]
Filming[edit]
It was shot over a period of three months in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada on a budget of $12 million.[6] Given that the shooting entailed an adult cast with child counterparts, Wallace sought to have the adult actors meet with the children playing the younger versions of their characters: "We made a point of bringing the adult and children actors together for a couple of days, even though it was costly, since the adults and the kids have no scenes together."[2] Filming locations in Vancouver included Stanley Park, Beaver Lake and Saint Thomas Aquinas High School Convent in North Vancouver.[7] Wallace told The Hollywood Reporter that his job as a director "was to give Tim the stage and not get in his way too much. He was like Robin Williams in the way he brought a spontaneous improvisation to the part." Curry gave Pennywise a Bronx accent in order to sound like "an old-time Catskills comic". "I just let it happen," Curry said. "Clowns are your worst fear realized. I think I scared a lot of children."[8]
Special effects[edit]
The appearance of Pennywise was based on Lon Chaney in Phantom of the Opera (1925).[2]
Original storyboards for Pennywise featured exaggerated cheekbones, a sharp chin, and bulbous forehead. According to director Wallace, "Tim [Curry] objected strongly to all the rubber. He had recently been in several movies which covered him in prosthetics and I’m sure he felt all the glue and latex would just get in his way. He was right, of course. With those eyes, and that mouth, and his crazy, sardonic sense of humor, less turned out to be more in the makeup department."[2]
Special effects coordinator Bart Mixon began working on a head cast for the Pennywise character after Curry was cast in the role; he also designed three clay molds for testing. According to Mixon, he based the shape of Pennywise's head on Lon Chaney in The Phantom of the Opera (1925), "stylized into a clown."[2] Three different versions of the clown's face were created, one of which resembled a hobo clown, another that was "a little meaner," and the final one seen in the series.[2] To achieve the white complexion, Curry wore prosthetic make-up cream to make him appear "almost like a living cartoon."[2]
The majority of the special effects in the film were done practically without digital alteration, aside from the shower scene in which Pennywise comes out of the drain; this scene was done with replacement animation, an animation technique similar to stop motion animation.[2]
The spider figure in the conclusion of the series was hand-constructed by Mixon and his art department team. Wallace recalled of the spider:
We labored long and hard designing a spider that was very beefy and muscular, almost reptilian in appearance. It looked great in the drawings, and I even recall a little clay model Bart did, which sealed the deal and won my enthusiastic approval. Bart and team went back to Hollywood to work the whole thing up full-size, and shooting started. When the SVFX team returned to Vancouver and unpacked the full-size spider, what I expected to see was the big version of that original model, the beefy, reptilian thing that was scary on sight. What they assembled on set was very, very different. Not chunky at all, very lean and mean."[2]
Broadcast history[edit]
It originally aired on ABC in 1990 on the nights of November 18[9] and November 20.[10] Part 1 was the fifth highest rated program of the week with an 18.5/29 rating/share, and being watched in 17.5 million households.[9] Part 2 was the second highest rated program of the week with a 20.6/33 rating/share, and watched in 19.2 million households.[10] According to writer Cohen, It was considered a major success for ABC, garnering nearly 30 million viewers over its two-night premiere.[2]
Reception[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2017)
As of December 2017[update], the film has a 57% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 14 reviews, with audience reception being slightly more positive with a 63%.[11]
Matt Roush of USA Today gave the series a positive review, writing: "If Twin Peaks is a midnight movie for prime-time live, It is the mini-series equivalent of those Saturday matinee shockers that merrily warped a generation before Freddie and Jason began stalking their more graphic turf... Accept It on its own popcorn-munching terms, and keep the lights on high."[12] Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly praised the performances in the film, but had a negative response to its special effects and pacing, noting: "It features a high level of ensemble acting rare for any horror film... in addition to It's slow pace, I found the ending a big letdown—unimaginative special effects animate the monster in its final incarnation. But the cast is terrific, Curry's cackle is chilling, and King's usual buried theme—about the pain adults inflict on children without even realizing it (It?)—is always worth pondering."[12] The Hollywood Reporter called It "one big kicky ride thanks to the charismatic acting of Curry as savage, sneering malevolence."[8]
Sandra Harris of Movie Pilot gave the film a positive review, noting: "There’s some gorgeous scenery too and a nice interweaving of flashbacks with the regular scenes. For Stephen King fans, this film is a must for your collection. For fans of horror in general, I’d say you could do a lot worse. Take the phone off the hook and burrow under the duvet for three hours with the popcorn and the remote control."[13] Ian Jane of DVD Talk highlighted the mini-series' combination of childhood nostalgia with horror elements and praised Curry's performance as Pennywise.[14] Bloody Disgusting's John Campopiano commended director Tommy Lee Wallace for "relying less on jump scares and more on creating an unsettling atmosphere to contrast against the kids and their stories."[15] In 2017, Rolling Stone writer Sean T. Collins called the miniseries "legendary" and commented that it had become a cult classic. He said although the miniseries "largely bungles Pennywise's powers", Curry's portrayal of Pennywise is "the stuff sleepless nights are made of. He gloats, he giggles, he taunts, he devours the scenery like the monster himself devours middle-schoolers – and he generally sears his way right into the brain of the viewer."[16] Dan Stephens from the UK website Top 10 Films awarded the film four out of five stars. In his review Stephens praised the film's story, character development, and suspense during the first half. But criticized the second half as disappointing and criticizing the lack of "friendship and togetherness" of the main characters that was present during the first half, and clichéd ending.[17]
Stephen King commented on the miniseries in a 2015 interview, and was appreciative of it: "You have to remember, my expectations were in the basement. Here was a book that sprawled over 1,000 pages, and they were going to cram it into four hours, with commercials. But the series really surprised me by how good it was. It’s a really ambitious adaptation of a really long book."[2]
Home media[edit]
It was released on VHS and Laserdisc in 1991.[18] The original VHS release was on two cassette tapes, one for each part. The VHS and Laserdisc releases feature It as originally aired. In 1998, It was re-released on VHS, this time, on one cassette tape (in EP format). The film was later released on DVD in 2002 and on Blu-ray on October 4, 2016.[14] Both the DVD and the Blu-ray feature an edited version of the film, which presents It as one "movie". The suicide scene at the end of Part 1 is shortened, the hotel scene from Part 2 is missing, and the graveyard scene toward the beginning of Part 2 is also slightly shortened to remove the on-screen credits that originally appeared.[citation needed]
Musical score[edit]
A 2-CD release of the mini-series' complete score by Richard Bellis was released on November 15, 2011.[19] The music of the film ranges from orchestral music to trumpet-heavy music that accompanies the setting of Derry to unsteady electronic instrument arrangements for the film's scarier moments.[19] Bellis won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Achievement in Music Composition for a mini-series or a Special (Dramatic Underscore) for his work on the film.[20]
Track listing[edit]
[show]Disc 1
No.
Title
Length
1. "Main Title" 1:52
2. "Enter the Clown" 3:04
3. "Georgie Dies" 4:17
4. "Ben Gets the News" 0:51
5. "Punks" 2:18
6. "I Hate It Here" 1:53
7. "Bedroom Jazz Source" 2:24
8. "The Slap" 1:45
9. "Die if You Try" 4:02
10. "Richie's Talk Show Play-Off" 0:34
11. "The Beast – First Encounter" 2:05
12. "Mike Remembers" 0:58
13. "Mike Joins the Group" 5:07
14. "Pennywise" 0:39
15. "Circus Source" 1:10
16. "Target Practice" 2:51
17. "The Sewer Hole" 3:13
18. "Stan Gets Nabbed" 4:27
19. "The Fog" 3:25
20. "The Pact" 1:43
21. "Stan's Suicide" 0:50
22. "End Credits I" 1:00
Total length: 50:28
[show]Disc 2
No.
Title
Length
1. "Main Title Part II" 1:51
2. "The Graves" 1:48
3. "Library Balloons" 2:53
4. "Ben's Flashback" 0:35
5. "Skeleton on the Pond" 0:40
6. "Guillory's Muzak" 1:27
7. "Hydrox" 2:49
8. "Audra" 1:45
9. "Fortune Cookie" 1:54
10. "Silver Flyer" 2:22
11. "Leftover Stan" 1:52
12. "Henry and Belch" 2:20
13. "Every Thirty Years" 1:56
14. "Audra Arrives" 2:02
15. "This Time It's for Real" 4:26
16. "The Smell of Death" 1:59
17. "Something's Coming" 4:00
18. "The Spider's Web" 5:11
19. "Hi Ho Silver" 4:33
20. "End Credits Part II" 1:00
Total length: 47:23
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Goble 1999, p. 260.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Alter, Ethan (November 17, 2015). "Back to Derry: An Oral History of 'Stephen King's It'". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on March 30, 2017. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Graham-Dixon, Charles (October 6, 2015). "Why Stephen King's IT scares off film-makers". The Guardian. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ O'Connell, Sarah (August 17, 2016). "I'm Every Nightmare You've Ever Had: 9 Insane Facts You Never Knew About 'IT'!". Movie Pilot. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ Magistrale 2003, p. 185.
Jump up ^ Broeske, Pat H. (April 5, 1990). "Producers scare up 5 more King films". Los Angeles Times. p. D6. Retrieved December 28, 2016 – via The Statesman.
Jump up ^ Newton, Steve (January 31, 2014). "Horror in Vancouver: Stephen King's evil clown stalks Stanley Park in 1990". The Georgia Straight. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Higgins, Bill (September 7, 2017). "Hollywood Flashback: Tim Curry Played 'It's' Scary Clown in 1990". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 11, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Hastings, Deborah (November 21, 1990). "TV movies score big in Nielsen ratings". The Times-News. p. 12. Retrieved July 3, 2010 – via Google Books.
^ Jump up to: a b Hastings, Deborah (November 23, 1990). "ABC posts first ratings win of the season". The Times-News. p. 10. Retrieved July 3, 2010 – via Google Books.
Jump up ^ "It". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Quoted in Beam 1998, p. 108
Jump up ^ Harris, Sandra (March 30, 2015). "Stephen King's 'It.' 1990". Movie Pilot. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Jane, Ian (October 4, 2016). "Stephen King's It (Blu-ray)". DVD Talk. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Campopiano, John (September 7, 2017). "Why We Should Enjoy 'IT' 2017 Without Comparing to 'IT' 1990". Bloody Disgusting. Retrieved September 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ Collins, Sean T. (September 20, 2017). "'It': Everything You Need to Know About Stephen King's Killer Clown Story". Rolling Stone. Retrieved September 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Review: Stephen King's It - Top 10 Films". Top10Films.co.uk. Dan Stephens. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Stephen King's It [VHS]. Amazon. ASIN 0790736039. CS1 maint: ASIN uses ISBN (link)
^ Jump up to: a b "Stephen King's It Soundtrack". Soundtrack.net. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "43rd Emmy Awards Nominees and Winners". Emmys.com. Emmys. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
Works cited[edit]
Beahm, George (September 1, 1998). Stephen King from A to Z: An Encyclopedia of His Life and Work. Andrews McMeel Publishing. ISBN 978-0-836-26914-7.
Goble, Alan (ed.) (January 1, 1999). The Complete Index to Literary Sources in Film. Bowker-Saur. ISBN 978-3-598-11492-2. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Magistrale, Tony (November 22, 2003). Hollywood's Stephen King. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-29321-5.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: It (miniseries)
It on IMDb
It at AllMovie
It at Rotten Tomatoes
"Back to Derry": An Oral History of 'Stephen King's It' at Yahoo!
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Just After Sunset (2008)
Full Dark, No Stars (2010)
The Bazaar of Bad Dreams (2015)
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Danse Macabre (1981)
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On Writing (2000)
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Fields of Terror (1998)
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Revelation (2001)
Children of the Corn (2009)
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Different Seasons
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Firestarter
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The Mangler Reborn (2005)
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Beyond Cyberspace (1996)
TV films, episodes, and miniseries
"Gramma" (1986)
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The Langoliers (1995)
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Quicksilver Highway (1997)
"The Revelations of 'Becka Paulson" (1997)
Storm of the Century (1999)
Stephen King's Desperation (2006)
Nightmares & Dreamscapes: From the Stories of Stephen King (2006)
Bag of Bones (2011)
Big Driver (2014)
Salem's Lot
Salem's Lot (1979)
A Return to Salem's Lot (1987)
Salem's Lot (2004)
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Sometimes They Come Back (1991)
Sometimes They Come Back... Again (1996)
Sometimes They Come Back... for More (1998)
Rose Red
Rose Red (2002)
The Diary of Ellen Rimbauer (2003)
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Golden Years (1991)
The Dead Zone (2002–2007)
Kingdom Hospital (2004)
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11.22.63 (2016)
The Mist (2017)
Mr. Mercedes (2017–present)
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Halloween III: Season of the Witch (1982)
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Danger Island (1992)
Witness to the Execution (1994)
Once You Meet a Stranger (1996)
Steel Chariots (1997)
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Vampires: Los Muertos (2002)
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Fulda
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the city in Germany. For other uses, see Fulda (disambiguation).
Fulda
Panorama of Fulda from the town castle
Coat of arms
Fulda
Location of Fulda within Fulda district [show]
Coordinates: 50°33′3″N 9°40′31″E / 50.55083°N 9.67528°E / 50.55083; 9.67528Coordinates: 50°33′3″N 9°40′31″E / 50.55083°N 9.67528°E / 50.55083; 9.67528
Country
Germany
State
Hesse
Admin. region
Kassel
District
Fulda
Founded
744
Government
• Lord Mayor
Gerhard Möller (CDU)
Area
• Total
104.04 km2 (40.17 sq mi)
Elevation
261 m (856 ft)
Population (2015-12-31)[1]
• Total
67,253
• Density
650/km2 (1,700/sq mi)
Time zone
CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Postal codes
36001–36043
Dialling codes
0661
Vehicle registration
FD
Website
www.fulda.de
Fulda (German pronunciation: [ˈfʊlda]) (historically in English called Fuld) is a city in Hesse, Germany; it is located on the river Fulda and is the administrative seat of the Fulda district (Kreis). In 1990, the town hosted the 30th Hessentag state festival.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Middle Ages
1.2 Counter-Reformation
1.3 18th and 19th centuries
1.4 Cold War
2 Mayors
3 Transportation
4 International relations
4.1 Twin towns/sister cities
5 Sons of the town
5.1 1800
5.2 1801–1850
5.3 1851–1900
5.4 1901–1950
5.5 1951–present
6 Notables
7 Images
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
History[edit]
Middle Ages[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
In 744 Saint Sturm, a disciple of Saint Boniface, founded the Benedictine monastery of Fulda as one of Boniface's outposts in the reorganization of the church in Germany. It later served as a base from which missionaries could accompany Charlemagne's armies in their political and military campaigns to fully conquer and convert pagan Saxony.
The initial grant for the abbey was signed by Carloman, Mayor of the Palace in Austrasia (in office 741-747), the son of Charles Martel. The support of the Mayors of the Palace, and later of the early Pippinid and Carolingian rulers, was important to Boniface's success. Fulda also received support from many of the leading families of the Carolingian world. Sturm, whose tenure as abbot lasted from 747 until 779, was most likely related to the Agilolfing dukes of Bavaria.
Fulda also received large and constant donations from the Etichonids, a leading family in Alsace, and from the Conradines, predecessors of the Salian Holy Roman Emperors. Under Sturm, the donations Fulda received from these and other important families helped in the establishment of daughter-houses near Fulda.
St Boniface baptizing and undergoing martyrdom - from the Sacramentary of Fulda
After his martyrdom by the Frisians, the relics of Saint Boniface were brought back to Fulda. Because of the stature this afforded the monastery, the donations increased, and Fulda could establish daughter-houses further away, for example in Hamelin. Meanwhile, Saint Lullus, successor of Boniface as archbishop of Mainz, tried to absorb the abbey into his archbishopric, but failed. This was one reason that he founded Hersfeld Abbey - to limit the attempts of the enlargement of Fulda.
Fulda in the 16th century
Between 790 and 819 the community rebuilt the main monastery church to more fittingly house the relics. They based their new basilica on the original 4th-century (since demolished) Old St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, using the transept and crypt plan of that great pilgrimage church to frame their own saint as the "Apostle to the Germans".
The crypt of the original abbey church still holds those relics, but the church itself has been subsumed into a Baroque renovation. A small, 9th-century chapel remains standing within walking distance of the church, as do the foundations of a later women's abbey. Rabanus Maurus served as abbot at Fulda from 822 to 842.
Counter-Reformation[edit]
Prince-abbot Balthasar von Dernbach adopted a policy of counterreformation. In 1571 he called in the Jesuits to found a school and college. He insisted that the members of the chapter should return to a monastic form of life. Whereas his predecessors had tolerated Protestantism, resulting in most of the citizenry of Fulda and a large portion of the principality's countryside professing Lutheranism, Balthasar ordered his subjects either to return to the Catholic faith or leave his territories.[2]
18th and 19th centuries[edit]
The foundation of the abbey Fulda and its territory originated with an Imperial grant, and the sovereign principality therefore was subject only to the German emperor. Fulda became a bishopric in 1752 and the prince-abbots were given the additional title of prince-bishop. The prince-abbots (and later prince-bishops) ruled Fulda and the surrounding region until the bishopric was forcibly dissolved by Napoleon in 1802.
The city went through a baroque building campaign in the 18th century, resulting in the current “Baroque City” status. This included a remodeling of Fulda Cathedral (1704–12) and of the Stadtschloss (Castle-Palace, 1707–12) by Johann Dientzenhofer. The city parish church, St. Blasius, was built between 1771–85. In 1764 a porcelain factory was started in Fulda under Prince-Bishop, Prince-Abbot Heinrich von Bibra, but shortly after his death it was closed down in 1789 by his successor, Prince-Bishop, Prince-Abbot Adalbert von Harstall.
The city was given to Prince William Frederick of Orange-Nassau (the later King William I of the Netherlands) in 1803 (as part of the short-lived Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda), was annexed to the Grand Duchy of Berg in 1806, and in 1809 to the Principality of Frankfurt. After the Congress of Vienna of 1814-1815, most of the territory went to the Electorate of Hesse, which Prussia annexed in 1866.[3]
Cold War[edit]
Fulda lends its name to the Fulda Gap, a traditional east-west invasion route used by Napoleon and others. During the Cold War, it was presumed to be an invasion route for any conventional war between NATO and Soviet forces. Downs Barracks in Fulda was the headquarters of the American 14th Armored Cavalry Regiment, later replaced by the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment. The cavalry had as many a 3,000 soldiers from the end of World War II until 1993. Not all of those soldiers were in Fulda proper, but scattered over observation posts and in the cities of Bad Kissingen and Bad Hersfeld. The strategic importance of this region (along the old West/East German border) led to a large US and Soviet military presence.[4]
Mayors[edit]
Cuno Raabe (CDU):1946-1956
Alfred Dregger (CDU): 1956-1970
Wolfgang Hamberger (CDU): 1970-1998
Alois Rhiel (CDU): 1998-2003
Gerhard Möller (CDU): 2003-2015
Heiko Wingenfeld (CDU): 2015-
Transportation[edit]
Fulda station is an important transport hub and interchange point between local and long distance traffic of the German railway network, and is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 2 station.[5] It is on the Hanover–Würzburg high-speed railway; the North-South line (Nord-Süd-Strecke), comprising the Bebra-Fulda line north of Fulda, and the Kinzig Valley Railway and Fulda-Main Railway to the south; the Vogelsberg Railway, which connects to the hills of the Vogelsberg in the west; and the Fulda–Gersfeld Railway (Rhön Railway) to Gersfeld in the Rhön Mountains to the east.
Fulda is on the Bundesautobahn 7 (BAB 7) and is at the eastern terminus of the Bundesautobahn 66, which ends at a three-way junction with the BAB 7. It is also on the Bundesstraße 27.
International relations[edit]
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany
Twin towns/sister cities[edit]
Fulda is twinned with:
Como, Italy (1960)
Arles, France (1964)
Sergiyev Posad, Moscow Oblast, Russia (1991)
Wilmington, Delaware, USA (1997)
Litoměřice, Czech Republic (2001)
Weimar, Germany
Crediton, England
Sons of the town[edit]
1800[edit]
Anton Storch 1952
Adam of Fulda (around 1445-1505), composer and music theorist
Adam Krafft (1493-1558), a Protestant church reformer
Justus Menius (1499-1558), theologian
1801–1850[edit]
Ferdinand Braun 1909
Georg von Adelmann (1811-1888), physician and surgeon
Otto Bähr (1817-1895), lawyer and politician
Hugo Staehle (1826-1848), composer
Ferdinand Braun (1850-1918), physicist, electrical engineer and Nobel laureate in physics
1851–1900[edit]
Adalbert Ricken (1851-1921), mycologist and priest
Ludwig Hupfeld (1864-1949), instrument maker and industrialist
Wilhelm Heye (1869-1947), officer
Clara Harnack (1877-1962), painter, teacher and mother of the resistance fighters Arvid and Falk Harnack
Anton Storch (1892-1975), politician
Paul Deichmann (1898-1981), officer of the Luftwaffe
1901–1950[edit]
Karl Storch (1913-1992), athlete, hammer thrower
Wilhelm Balthasar (1914-1941), Air Force officer
Martin Hohmann (born 1948), politician (CDU, now AfD)
Winfried Michel (born 1948), composer, recorder player and music publisher
1951–present[edit]
Immanuel Bloch (born 1972), physicist
Sebastian Kehl (born 1980), football player
Patrik Sinkewitz (born 1980), professional cyclist
Notables[edit]
Adam of Fulda
Tobias Sammet
Martin Hohmann
Ferdinand Braun
Sebastian Kehl, (born 1980), former footballer
Franz Kaspar Lieblein
Max Stern
Dirk Sauer
Fr. Gereon Goldmann
Edguy
Wilm Hosenfeld (1895-1952), officer and Righteous Among the Nations
Images[edit]
Cathedral of Fulda
Statue of Saint Boniface (1830) in Fulda
Fulda, 1850
"Stadtschloss" (main entrance) at Fulda
Old City Hall of Fulda
Orangerie
Kloster Frauenberg (Fulda), a Franciscan monastery
St. Michael's Church
Baroque Adelspalais
Old University of Fulda: Adolphs-Universität Fulda
Looking east toward Fulda over the rich farmlands
Weser river watershed, showing Fulda river and the city of Fulda
See also[edit]
Fulda Gap
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Bevölkerung der hessischen Gemeinden". Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt (in German). August 2016.
Jump up ^ Otto Schaffrath. Fürstabt Balthasar von Dermbach und seine Zeit. Studien zur Geschichte der Gegenreformation in Fulda (= Veröffentlichung des Fuldaer Geschichtsvereins. Bd. 44, ZDB-ID 517272-x). Parzeller, Fulda 1967, mit umfangreicher Literaturübersicht.(in German)
Jump up ^ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879). "Fulda". The American Cyclopædia.
Jump up ^ Brown, Jerold E., ed. (2001). Historical Dictionary of the U.S. Army. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 209–10. ISBN 9780313293221.
Jump up ^ "Stationspreisliste 2017" [Station price list 2017] (PDF) (in German). DB Station&Service. 18 November 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
External links[edit]
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Fulda.
Official website (in English)
360degree virtual tour through downtown Fulda
Vonderau Museum Fulda
Hochschule Fulda (University of Applied Science)
Holocaust survivor testimony of the Kristallnacht pogrom in Fulda on the Yad Vashem website
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fulda.
[hide]
v
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Towns and municipalities in Fulda district
Bad Salzschlirf
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Tann
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 146057689
GND: 4018859-0
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fulda&oldid=798836053"
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Fulda
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Intervention (TV series)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Intervention
Title screen of seasons 1-15.
Genre
Documentary
Created by
Sam Mettler
Starring
Jeff VanVonderen
Candy Finnigan
Others; see "Interventionists" section
Composer(s)
Scott Klass
"Five Steps" (closing song)
Performed by The Davenports
Craig Marks (Theme & Incidental music, 2005 – 2013)
Dominic Messenger (Incidental music, 2006 – 2007)
"Breathe Me" (2008 season preview song)
Performed by Sia Furler
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
16
No. of episodes
275 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Gary R. Benz
Michael Branton
Jeffrey L. Weaver
Laura Fleury
Jen Wagman
Location(s)
United States
Camera setup
Multi-Camera
Handheld HDV cameras
Running time
43 minutes
Release
Original network
A&E
Picture format
NTSC (480i)
HDTV (1080i)
Audio format
Stereo
Original release
March 6, 2005 (2005-03-06) – present
External links
Website
www.aetv.com/intervention
Intervention is an American documentary television series that premiered on March 6, 2005 on A&E. It follows one/two participant(s), who are dependent or are addicted, documented in anticipation of an intervention by family and/or friends. During the intervention, each participant is given an ultimatum: go into rehabilitation immediately, or risk losing contact, income, or other privileges from the loved ones who instigated the intervention. The producers usually follow up a while later to monitor the addicted person's progress and film it for "follow-up" episodes of the series or for shorter "web updates" available on the show's website.
On May 24, 2013, A&E announced they had concluded the series, with remaining episodes to begin airing in June 2013.[1] The final episode in the lineup aired on July 18, 2013 and concluded with reflections from past addicts and a thank you from the producers to the interventionists, family members, treatment centers, and addicts themselves. On August 5, 2014, however, LMN announced the revival of the series with a new season premiering in 2015.[2] A&E revealed the return of the show on January 13, 2015,[3] and aired both a special behind-the-scenes episode—providing viewers with first-hand accounts at the filming process by the production crew, as well as updates from former addicts—and the Season 14 premiere on March 22, 2015.
Part 1 of season 14 ended on May 10, 2015. Ten additional episodes aired July 26, 2015.
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
1.1 Interventionists
1.2 Celebrity subjects
2 Addictions
3 Episodes
4 Awards
5 Criticism
6 Spinoffs
7 In popular culture
8 References
9 External links
Overview[edit]
The show follows one or two participants who are either substance dependent or have severe addiction. They are filmed over a period of time until an intervention conducted with an interventionist, in which they are often captured using drugs, alcohol, or the substance they are abusive of. Relatives, friends and closed ones are interviewed by the producers, with certain parts intercut with the footage of the show. The interventions are often practiced or prepared ahead of the time the addict(s) walks in. Once started, they are given an ultimatum: Either they undergo a 90-day, all-expenses-paid treatment plan at a rehabilitation facility, or risk losing contact, income or privileges from their relatives, friends and close ones.
As in real life, several addicts have walked out although almost all eventually accept treatment. As of 2012, only four addicts have completely refused: Alissa in Season 1, Marquel in Season 8, Adam in Season 9, and Larry in Season 11. A fifth person, Sean in Season 12, agreed to go but bailed during the drive. In addition, Betsy in Season 2 accepted treatment, as long as her boyfriend could go too. During a layover in Chicago, the two decided to go home and try to get sober on their own. However, Betsy did go to treatment after her family held their defenses. A number of addicts who initially agreed have left treatment early due to rule violations, behavioral problems or a desire to not attend. Some addicts who leave early go to prison or enter another facility to continue treatment; others never complete the rehab process, with the majority relapsing and continuing their former habits.
Occasionally, during an episode, the plight of another addict in the addict's circle becomes apparent, and the show often makes additional plans to help the other addict find treatment as well. These secondary interventions, like the primary ones, have a mixed record of success and failure. Additionally, the secondary addict sometimes promises to seek treatment to get the primary to have treatment, only to back out once the primary departs (example: Paul, stepfather of OxyContin addict Ryan from Season 3, tells Ryan that he intends to seek help for his drinking problem, but later backs out of going to rehab himself, though he does quit drinking independently).
In situations where the circle has become codependents, or are otherwise traumatized by the addict's behavior, the interventionist usually recommends that the entire seek counseling to enable them to move on. This has led to some successful family reunions (Coley, a serious meth addict, got clean while his family went through counseling, and his marriage to wife Francine was saved by the intervention) and complete dissolution of relationships (Leslie, a suburban housewife alcoholic, went through court-ordered rehab while her family received counseling at the Betty Ford Clinic; after both treatment programs ended, Leslie and her husband finalized their divorce). Some families will promise to attend counseling to convince the addict to accept treatment, only to bail afterwards (example: Bulimic alcoholic Amber from Season 9 agrees to go to rehab only if her entire family signs a contract to attend the Betty Ford Clinic's family counseling program; though everyone signs the contract in her presence, none of them followed through once she headed off to the treatment center).
Each episode ends with a series of black screens (white in season 13), upon which text discusse the addicts and their progress since the intervention (including a sobriety date, if known), followed by its website link that invites viewers to find out more information on addiction and recovery. The white screens are updated with new information each time the show is re-aired on A&E, and some video updates are made available on the show's website. Occasionally, an update documents an outreach to the addict from fans. The update for siblings Brooks and Ian's follow-up episode that re-aired in early 2008 indicated that Brooks had met and married a fan in 2007. At the end of the original episode featuring alcoholic banker and bar brawler Jacob, he stated that he was planning to enroll in college for the upcoming semester; the black screen update for his episode that re-aired in early 2008 indicated that a fan had contacted the producers after the show's airing and offered to pay for Jacob's college tuition.
Occasionally, the addict becomes suspicious that he/she is being set up for an intervention, having watched the show before, or recognizes one of the featured interventionists on sight upon being brought into the final meeting place.
In conjunction with interventions that involve addicts where sudden withdrawal is dangerous, a nurse accompanies them to the rehab center, providing medical assistance for the addict. Patients with addictions that could cause serious risk to their health upon cessation of the substance abuse usually spend time in a detox facility before entering rehab.
Interventionists[edit]
The "cast" for each episode is primarily the addict and their family members, circle of friends and others. The only regular cast member in each episode is the interventionist, whose job it is to conduct the intervention. The show originally featured three regular specialists:
Ken Seeley: A methamphetamine addict who founded Intervention-911, a service specializing not just in interventions but also in finding appropriate treatment centers for each kind of addict.
Jeff VanVonderen: A former pastor and alcoholic who became a full-time interventionist to help families through their moral and social issues involved with addiction.
Candy Finnigan: Adoptee, mother and alcoholic who became an interventionist to help families work through their issues and problems; she specializes in counseling female addicts, especially addicted mothers.
Later additions to the cast:
John Southworth: Founder of Southworth Associates, LLC, an Idaho-based intervention/counseling service. He was the interventionist for Jason, a heroin addict, in episode 123, and became a regular interventionist in Season 10.[4]
Rod Espudo: An interventionist of over 20 years, he also joined the cast in Season 10.[4]
Donna Chavous: A former addict who became an interventionist and sober coach; joined the cast in Season 11.
Seth Jaffe: A former heroin addict; was a sober coach on the spinoff series Relapse (also on A&E) and joined the cast in Season 12.
Sylvia Parsons: An alcoholic who was the subject of a Season 2 episode. She became a certified interventionist after achieving sobriety, and joined the cast in Season 14.
Occasionally, other therapists have made appearances to offset the workload among the regulars:
Tara Fields, PhD, M.F.T.: Also a licensed marriage and family therapist. In Season 1 she was the interventionist for Vanessa (episode 1), Christine (episode 9) and in Season 2 for Howard (episode 16), Heidi (episode 18) and Gina (episode 25).
Jenn Berman, PsyD: A Beverly Hills-based psychotherapist who made a single appearance in Episode 22. She was the interventionist for Annie, who had an eating disorder.
Lee FitzGerald: A staff member at Promises Treatment Centers. She was the interventionist for John in episode 122.
Jeff VanVonderen took an extended leave of absence in Season 5 after admitting during the special episode "Intervention: After-Treatment Special" that he relapsed with alcohol. He returned in Season 6 and has remained with the series since then.
Ken Seeley left the series after completing the intervention for Linda in Season 8 to focus on his personal intervention service, Intervention-911. He returned to conduct the intervention for Al, a crystal meth/painkiller/marijuana addict, in Season 13, and returned to the series in Season 14.
Celebrity subjects[edit]
Most episodes feature "everyday" people struggling with their addictions, but entertainment professionals have also been featured.
Season 1
Vanessa Marquez, a supporting actress on the first three seasons of ER, appeared in episode 2 due to a compulsive shopping disorder.
Travis Meeks, lead singer of the Alternative rock band Days of the New, appeared in episode 6, focusing on his methamphetamine addiction.
Season 2
Antwahn Nance, a 6'10" former NBA power forward for the LA Clippers, was featured in episode 4, as he ended up homeless due to his crack cocaine addiction.
Chuckie Negron, the son of Three Dog Night vocalist Chuck Negron, was featured in episode 6, as he battled heroin addiction.
Season 4
Tressa Thompson, a women's shot put champion, was featured in episode 7, as her Olympic dreams were crushed by her methamphetamine drug abuse.
Season 5
Chad Gerlach,[5] a member of the Postal Service Pro Cycling Team featured in episode 1, ended up living on the streets and smoking crack cocaine after his dismissal from the team.
Season 7
Aaron Brink, aka Dick Delaware, a porn star and once moderately successful mixed martial arts (MMA) fighter, featured in episode 8, lost both careers due to his methamphetamine addiction.
Rocky Lockridge, a two-time Super Featherweight boxing champion, was featured in episode 113, due to his homelessness and drug addiction.
Robby Pardlo, formerly of City High, was featured in episode 9, battling his alcoholism.
Season 8
Linda Li, an actress who played a Taresian woman in the Star Trek: Voyager episode "Favorite Son" as well as appearing as an extra in over 200 TV shows and movies, was featured in episode 1, battles an addiction to Actiq (transmucosal Fentanyl lozenge on a stick, a.k.a. "perc-a-pop").
Season 9
Lorna Dune, a Soul Train dancer who worked her way up to an A&R position at A&M Records, was shown in Season 9 battling a crack cocaine addiction.
Season 15
David Sax Jr., the son of former Major League Baseball player Dave Sax and nephew of former Major League Baseball player Steve Sax, was shown battling an addiction to methamphetamine and alcohol.
Addictions[edit]
Addictions covered by the show have included:
Alcoholism
Anorexia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa
Compulsive buying disorder
Compulsive exercise
Drug addiction, both legal (over-the-counter medication, prescription drugs) and illegal (heroin, meth, crack, cocaine)
Food addiction
Inhalant addiction
Gambling addiction
Plastic surgery addiction
Rage addiction
Self-harm
Sexual addiction
Video game addiction
Comorbid health problems that can exacerbate an addiction, such as diabetes
psychological issues that can exacerbate an addiction, such as bipolar disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of Intervention episodes
Season
Episodes
Specials
First aired
Last aired
1 14 1 March 6, 2005 August 21, 2005
2 21 — October 30, 2005 December 17, 2006
3 15 — March 16, 2007 September 7, 2007
4 10 — December 3, 2007 March 17, 2008
5 17 4 June 23, 2008 November 30, 2008
6 14 1 December 15, 2008 March 23, 2009
7 17 3 May 25, 2009 October 19, 2009
8 18 1 November 23, 2009 May 10, 2010
9 9 — June 28, 2010 August 22, 2010
10 13 — December 13, 2010 March 21, 2011
11 12 — June 20, 2011 September 12, 2011
12 13 — January 2, 2012 April 2, 2012
13 21 — August 13, 2012 February 4, 2013
14 12 — June 13, 2013 December 30, 2014
15 29 — January 6, 2015 August 30, 2015
16 30 — March 6, 2016 January 3, 2017
17 4 — July 31, 2017 August 21, 2017
Awards[edit]
2009 Emmy award for Outstanding Reality Program
Criticism[edit]
Matthew Gilbert (The Boston Globe), a critic of the show, argues that the program is exploitative and showcases individuals as they self-destruct. He also argues that the confrontation within the intervention is milked to show only the most dramatic moments and that the final results of the intervention and subsequent rehabilitation is glossed-over.[6]
Melanie McFarland, another television critic, also laments that the show does little to educate on successful intervention and instead deceives the subjects of each episode in order to film them at their lowest point.
Spinoffs[edit]
During the spring of 2011, A&E aired the series Relapse, which ran for five episodes. Each episode focused on sober coaches' work with long-time addicts who have been unable to get clean despite repeated attempts at treatment. Seth Jaffe, one of the coaches, later became an interventionist on the main series.
On September 9, 2011, Intervention Canada debuted on Slice Network.
On December 28, 2012, Teen Trouble debuted on Lifetime which is executive produced by Bryn Freedman, a former Intervention producer.[7]
On March 8, 2016, Intervention: Codependent premiered on LMN.
In popular culture[edit]
As of 2012[update], Funny or Die has featured two parodies of Intervention. One of the first Intervention parodies to appear anywhere, Kristin Chenoweth's short "Intervention with Kristin Chenoweth",[8] was released August 27, 2008. The video features Chenoweth giving a gay crystal meth addict a cheerful Broadway-style singing intervention. More recently, in April 2011, another Intervention satire debuted on the site, this one entitled "Intervention Intervention",[9] featuring Fred Armisen playing a man addicted to the television show Intervention.
Toronto-based television station CFTO-TV created a series of spoofs in early 2009 starring local weather personality Dave Devall. Devall would act as an "assistant" to families needing "winterventions" for family members ill-dressed for Canadian winters as part of advertising for that station's news shows. These commercials aired almost a year before the first A&E-produced episodes of Intervention that were shot in Canada and featured Canadian addicts debuted on Canadian Television.
On April 16, 2010, a video entitled "Best Cry Ever" was posted on the popular video-sharing site YouTube, featuring a clip from Season 7 episode "Rocky", which told the story of former professional boxer Rocky Lockridge, who lost everything, including contact with his sons, to drugs. The clip centers around a dramatic scene in which Rocky is seen crying amongst his relatives. As of January 2013[update], the original video has attained over 48 million views and has become an Internet phenomenon. A Saturday Night Live sketch featured an Intervention parody with guest host Jon Hamm crying in a similar fashion. The season 3 premiere episode of The Cleveland Show also parodies "Best Cry Ever", when Cleveland breaks down after his old friend Peter confesses that he still cares for him; this gets the attention of Cleveland's friends and the Evil Monkey.
The April 28, 2010 episode of the TV series South Park parodied the show by doing an Intervention-style documentary on character Towelie in the episode "Crippled Summer". The episode includes on-screen text blocks to provide subtext or details, and culminates in a scene where the boys confront Towelie about his drug addiction. The counselor insists, as the real-life interventionists often do, that all parties be allowed to "say whatever they need to say" to one another during the course of the actual intervention, which leads to Cartman endlessly harassing Kyle with insults and racial/ethnic/religious slurs.
A season 3 episode of the HBO television show True Blood contains a segment with Hoyt's mother attempting to intervene in Hoyt's relationship with newborn vampire Jessica. Hoyt's mother turns up at his workplace with Summer in tow (whom she believes Hoyt should be dating instead of a newborn vamp), along with the local school's guidance counselor. Hoyt says he has work to do and doesn't have time to talk, but the guidance counselor, acting as the "interventionist", stops Hoyt from leaving, parodying Jeff VanVonderen's traditional intervention opening lines ("I'm here for these folks who really love you like crazy, and want you to hear them out, and then you can say what you want to say"). The characters then read their letters out loud, all of which open with "Dear Hoyt" (similar to letters the families normally write to their loved ones as part of the interventions depicted in Intervention).
In the 30 Rock episode "Queen of Jordan", which subtly parodies several reality TV shows, Jenna tries to get more screen time for herself on Angie's reality show by convincing Pete to stage an intervention for her alcoholism, even though she is not an alcoholic. Pete tries to teach her a lesson by arranging for her to be taken to rehab; knowing she won't be featured on camera if she is away from the show, Jenna knocks her designated escort unconscious and escapes back to Angie's party.
In a skit from an episode of Tosh.0 that first aired October 18, 2011, host Daniel Tosh turns his normal "Web Redemption" segment (where a person or group who appeared in a notorious or embarrassing online video are given a chance to explain themselves via interview/event recreation) into an "intervention" for a Wisconsin man named Tim, whose videotaped trip on shrooms turned into a YouTube sensation. Tosh reveals the redemption segment is really an "intervention" about 2/3 of the way through when he lures Tim into leaving the room with him on the pretense of going to see "a Lady Antebellum laser light show"; when they open the door to leave the interview room, Tim discovers they are in a small hotel conference room, in which Tim's "family and friends" are gathered all around. Tosh uses Jeff VanVonderen's trademark intro ("These people love you like crazy...") and introduces Tim's mom and dad, some other people "who are probably early for the next intervention", and a clown who's "addicted to smiles" that Tosh invited because "these things are always so depressing." Tim's father starts off the family portion of the intervention by reading his own letter; it begins with "we're here because we wanted a free trip to L.A." The interventionist quickly determines that Tim hasn't yet hit rock bottom and rescinds the offer of rehab until he does. Tosh and Tim are shown next attending a drug party, where they re-enact many of the crazy things Tim said and did in his notorious YouTube video, and a black screen with white text reveals that two minutes have passed since they began their drug party. As Tosh decides that Tim has now hit rock bottom (since they find the dead body of the clown from the intervention beside their hotel bed), they head off together to the rehab center. But when "Amy Winehouse" answers the door at the "rehab center", the pair realize they must have overdosed (a subtle satire on one of Ken Seeley's assertions during Pre-Intervention talks, when he stresses that some addicts don't hit rock bottom until they're dead). As they enter Heaven, the screen fades to white, where black text (instead of the usual fade-to-black with white text summarizing the addict's time in treatment) says simply that "Six months later, they are still happily dead."[10]
In Millionaires 2012 single "Drinks On Me", the show is referenced in the line "This ain't no A&E, you won't see me on Intervention."
In 2013, in response to malicious comments about her made on Twitter by Amanda Bynes, singer Rihanna tweeted "Ya see what happens when they cancel Intervention?".
On his 2013 song, "The Monster", featuring singer Rihanna, from The Marshall Mathers LP 2, Eminem raps, "I think you've been wandering off down yonder, and stumbled onto Jeff VanVonderen/Cause I need an interventionist, to intervene between me and this monster."[11] VanVonderen was one of the show's main interventionists.
Internet comedian Stevie Ryan parodied the Intervention show on her VH-1 show Stevie TV. In the episode she portrayed a young girl addicted to twerking.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Hibberd, James (May 24, 2013). "'Intervention' cancelled". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved May 24, 2013.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (August 5, 2014). "Lifetime Move Network Greenlights New Season of 'Intervention'". TV by the Numbers (Press release). Retrieved August 5, 2014.
Jump up ^ "A&E's Emmy-Award winning and critically-acclaimed docuseries, 'Intervention', returns to the network.." A&E (Press release). January 13, 2015. Archived from the original on January 30, 2015. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Breaking News - A&E Network's Emmy Award-Winning Series "Intervention" Returns for a Tenth Season". TheFutonCritic.com. 2010-12-01. Retrieved 2013-05-23.
Jump up ^ Chad Gerlach: Former Pro Cyclist, Lance Armstrong Teammate, Subject Of Pending A&E Network Program, Intervention, retrieved June 17, 2008.
Jump up ^ Gilbert, Matthew (2005-03-05). "Vile 'Intervention' pulls a fast one". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2007-06-01.
Jump up ^ Patten, Dominic. "Staff Writer". Lifetime Orders Teen Trouble. Deadline. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
Jump up ^ "Intervention with Kristin Chenoweth". Released August 27, 2008; accessed September 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ Fred Armisen's "Intervention Intervention". Released April 2011; accessed September 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ "For Mature Audiences Only: Web Intervention, Guy on Shrooms"; released October 18, 2011; accessed September 1, 2012.]
Jump up ^ [1]
External links[edit]
Official website
Intervention on IMDb
Intervention at TV.com
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Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Reality Program
American High (2001)
The Osbournes (2002)
Queer Eye for the Straight Guy (2004)
Extreme Makeover: Home Edition (2005)
Extreme Makeover: Home Edition (2006)
Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List (2007)
Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List (2008)
Intervention (2009)
Jamie Oliver's Food Revolution (2010)
Deadliest Catch (2011)
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