text:
Avon Park, Florida
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Jump to: navigation, search
Avon Park, Florida
City
Logo
Nickname(s): The City of Charm
Location of Avon Park in Highlands County, Florida.
Coordinates: 27°35′40″N 81°30′12″W / 27.59444°N 81.50333°W / 27.59444; -81.50333Coordinates: 27°35′40″N 81°30′12″W / 27.59444°N 81.50333°W / 27.59444; -81.50333
Country
United States
State
Florida
County
Highlands
Settled
1884
Incorporated (town)
1886
Incorporated (city)
1 January 1926
Government
• Type
Council-Manager
• Mayor
Garrett Anderson
• City Manager
June Fisher
Area[1]
• Total
9.11 sq mi (23.58 km2)
• Land
8.80 sq mi (22.79 km2)
• Water
0.31 sq mi (0.80 km2) 12.4%
Elevation[2]
121 ft (37 m)
Population (2010)[3]
• Total
8,836
• Estimate (2016)[4]
10,259
• Density
1,166.06/sq mi (450.24/km2)
Time zone
Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
• Summer (DST)
EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP codes
33825-33826
Area code(s)
863
FIPS code
12-02750[5]
GNIS feature ID
0278007[6]
Website
www.avonpark.cc
Avon Park is a city in Highlands County, Florida, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 8,836,[3] and in 2015 the estimated population was 10,086.[7] It is the oldest city in Highlands County, and was named after Stratford-upon-Avon, England.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Geography
3 Demographics
4 Government
5 Transportation
6 Education
6.1 Public schools
6.2 Private schools
6.3 Colleges
7 Media
7.1 Television
7.2 Radio
7.3 Newspapers
8 Points of interest
9 Notable people
10 Climate
11 References
12 External links
History[edit]
The first permanent settler in Avon Park was Oliver Martin Crosby, a Connecticut native who moved to the area in 1884 to study the wildlife of the Everglades. By 1886, enough people had followed that the town of "Lake Forest" was founded. As president of the Florida Development Company, he recruited settlers to the area, many of whom were from England, including many from the town of Stratford-upon-Avon, who gave the town its name.[8]
In 2006, then-mayor Thomas Macklin proposed City Ordinance 08-06, which would have blocked the issuance or renewal of city licenses to businesses that hired illegal aliens, fined any property owner who rented and leased property to illegal aliens, and established English as the city's official language, banning the use of other languages during the conduct of official business except where specified under state or federal law.[9] The ordinance was defeated by the city council, on a 3–2 vote.[10]
Geography[edit]
Avon Park is located in northwestern Highlands County at 27°35′40″N 81°30′12″W / 27.59444°N 81.50333°W / 27.59444; -81.50333 (27.594418, -81.503437).[11] 27/98 is the main highway through the city, leading north 23 miles (37 km) to Lake Wales and south 10 miles (16 km) to Sebring. Florida State Road 17 (Main Street) leads east through the center of Avon Park, then south 10 miles to the center of Sebring. Florida State Road 64 leads west from Avon Park 19 miles (31 km) to Zolfo Springs.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Avon Park has a total area of 8.2 square miles (21.2 km2), of which 7.1 square miles (18.5 km2) are land and 1.0 square mile (2.6 km2), or 12.43%, are water.[3] The city is located in a karst landscape underlain by the limestone Florida Platform, and numerous circular lakes are either within the city limits (Lake Tulane, Lake Verona, and Lake Isis) or border the city (Lake Anoka, Lake Lelia, Lake Glenada, Lake Lotela, Lake Denton, Little Red Water Lake, Pioneer Lake, Lake Brentwood, Lake Byrd, Lake Damon, and Lake Lillian).[12]
Demographics[edit]
Historical population
Census
Pop.
%±
1920 890 —
1930 3,355 277.0%
1940 3,125 −6.9%
1950 4,612 47.6%
1960 6,073 31.7%
1970 6,712 10.5%
1980 8,026 19.6%
1990 8,042 0.2%
2000 8,542 6.2%
2010 8,836 3.4%
Est. 2016 10,259 [4] 16.1%
U.S. Decennial Census[13]
Lake Verona is located within the city of Avon Park.
At the 2000 census,[5] there were 8,542 people, 3,218 households and 2,114 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,841.8 per square mile (710.8/km2). There were 3,916 housing units at an average density of 844.4 per square mile(325.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 58.90% White, 29.2% African American, 0.32% Native American, 0.69% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 8.35% from other races, and 2.28% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 18.71% of the population.
There were 3,218 households of which 28.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.6% were married couples living together, 17.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.3% were non-families. 28.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.08.
Age distribution was 26.5% under the age of 18, 11.1% from 18 to 24, 23.6% from 25 to 44, 18.3% from 45 to 64, and 20.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.2 males.
The median household income was $23,576, and the median family income was $27,617. Males had a median income of $21,890 versus $18,678 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,897. About 21.3% of families and 27.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 40.4% of those under age 18 and 13.4% of those age 65 or over.
At the 2010 census, there where 8,836 people, 3,337 households, and 4,162 housing units in the city. The racial make up of the city was 55.5% white (41.3% non-hispanic white), 28.1% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, and 4.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 29.2% of the population. 12.9% of the population was foreign born.
The Median household income was $28,496, the per capita income was $14,911, and 36.2% of the population lived below the poverty line. 51.8% of the population was female.
Government[edit]
Avon Park operates under a council-manager form of government, with a city manager who operates under the direction of an elected four-member council and mayor. As of December 2013 the mayor is Sharon Schuler, and the city manager is Julian DeLeon. The city provides fire protection, utilities, and sanitation service to its residents. The city's police and the county sheriff work jointly to provide law enforcement.
Transportation[edit]
Avon Park Executive Airport is a public-use airport located 2 miles (3.2 km) west of the central business district.
Education[edit]
Public schools[edit]
Avon Elementary School
Park Elementary School
Memorial Elementary School
Avon Park Middle School
Avon Park High School
Private schools[edit]
Walker Memorial Academy
Central Florida Academy
Parkview Pre-K LLC
Community Christian Academy
Cornerstone Christian Academy
Colleges[edit]
South Florida State College
Media[edit]
Television[edit]
See also: List of TV stations in Florida
Avon Park is located in a fringe viewing area; its television stations originate in distant cities. Local television services offer signals from WFTV, the ABC affiliate in Orlando; WINK-TV, the CBS affiliate in Fort Myers/Naples; WFLA-TV, the Tampa Bay area NBC affiliate; and WTVT, the Tampa Bay area Fox affiliate.
Radio[edit]
See also: List of radio stations in Florida
Avon Park is in the Sebring radio market, which is ranked as the 288th largest in the United States by Arbitron.[14] Radio stations broadcasting from Avon Park include WFHT/1390 (Lounge), WAPQ-LP/95.9 (Religious), WWOJ/99.1 (Country) "OJ99.1" & WWMA-LP/107.9 (Religious).
Newspapers[edit]
Local print media include the News-Sun, a newspaper published on Wednesday, Friday, and Sunday, and Highlands Today, a daily local supplement to The Tampa Tribune that covers newsworthy events in Highlands County.
Points of interest[edit]
Avon Park Air Force Range
Avon Park Historic District
Lake Adelaide
Notable people[edit]
Dee Gordon, Major League Baseball, Miami Marlins second baseman
Tom Gordon, Major League Baseball pitcher
Fred L. Lowery, Southern Baptist pastor and author, formerly resided in Avon Park
Hal McRae, Kansas City Royals Hall of Fame
Conrad Henry Moehlman, Baptist author and emeritus professor of church history
Richard Korman, Consultant and yachtsman
Climate[edit]
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Avon Park has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.[15]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved Jul 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Avon Park, United States Page". Falling Rain Genomics. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Avon Park city, Florida". American Factfinder. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2013-09-11. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
Jump up ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
Jump up ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015". Retrieved July 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kevin M. McCarthy, African American Sites in Florida, p. 95
Jump up ^ "Avon Park Ordinance 08-06" (PDF). City of Avon Park. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
Jump up ^ Hutchinson, Bill (5 August 2006). "Avon Park's debate far from finished". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
Jump up ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
Jump up ^ U.S. Census Bureau, TIGERweb, accessed April 28, 2017
Jump up ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Ratings–Sebring Market". Arbitron. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
Jump up ^ Climate Summary for Avon Park, Florida
External links[edit]
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Avon Park.
City of Avon Park official website
News-Sun
Highlands Today
Avon Park Chamber of Commerce
[hide]
v
t
e
Municipalities and communities of Highlands County, Florida, United States
County seat: Sebring
Cities
Avon Park
Sebring
Town
Lake Placid
Unincorporated
communities
Lorida
Placid Lakes
Spring Lake
Sun 'n Lake of Sebring
Sylvan Shores
Venus
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Pure tone audiometry
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
See also: Audiometry
This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (November 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Pure tone audiometry
Medical diagnostics
Diagram of the human ear
ICD-9-CM
95.41
MeSH
D001301
[edit on Wikidata]
Pure tone audiometry (PTA) is the key hearing test used to identify hearing threshold levels of an individual, enabling determination of the degree, type and configuration of a hearing loss.[1] Thus, providing the basis for diagnosis and management. PTA is a subjective, behavioural measurement of hearing threshold, as it relies on patient response to pure tone stimuli. Therefore, PTA is used on adults and children old enough to cooperate with the test procedure. As with most clinical tests, calibration of the test environment, the equipment and the stimuli to ISO standards is needed before testing proceeds. PTA only measures audibility thresholds, rather than other aspects of hearing such as sound localization and speech recognition. However, there are benefits of using PTA over other forms of hearing test, such as click auditory brainstem response (ABR). PTA provides ear specific thresholds, and uses frequency specific pure tones to give place specific responses, so that the configuration of a hearing loss can be identified. As PTA uses both air and bone conduction audiometry, the type of loss can also be identified via the air-bone gap. Although PTA has many clinical benefits, it is not perfect at identifying all losses, such as ‘dead regions’ of the cochlea and neuropathies such as auditory processing disorder (APD).[2][3][4] This raises the question of whether or not audiograms accurately predict someone’s perceived degree of disability.
Contents
[hide]
1 PTA procedural standards
2 Variations
3 Cross hearing and interaural attenuation
4 PTA thresholds and hearing disability
5 Audiograms and hearing loss
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
PTA procedural standards[edit]
There are both international and British standards regarding the PTA test protocol. The British Society of Audiology (BSA) is responsible for publishing the recommended procedure for PTA, as well as many other audiological procedures. The British recommended procedure is based on international standards. Although there are some differences, the BSA-recommended procedures are in accordance with BS EN ISO 8253-1, which is the international standard for PTA established by the International Organization for Standardization. The BSA-recommended procedures provide a "best practice" test protocol for professionals to follow, increasing validity and allowing standardisation of results across Britain. The British Society of Audiology. Recommended Procedure: Pure Tone air and bone conduction threshold audiometry with and without masking and determination of uncomfortable loudness levels.[5]
Variations[edit]
There are cases where conventional PTA is not an appropriate or effective method of threshold testing. Procedural changes to the conventional test method may be necessary with populations who are unable to cooperate with the test in order to obtain hearing thresholds. Sound field audiometry may be more suitable when patients are unable to wear earphones, as the stimuli are usually presented by loudspeaker. A disadvantage of this method is that although thresholds can be obtained, results are not ear specific. In addition, response to pure tone stimuli may be limited, because in a sound field pure tones create standing waves, which alter sound intensity within the sound field. Therefore, it may be necessary to use other stimuli, such as warble tones in sound field testing.[6] There are variations of conventional audiometry testing that are designed specifically for young children and infants, such as behavioral observation audiometry, visual reinforcement audiometry and play audiometry.[7][8]
Conventional audiometry tests frequencies between 250 hertz (Hz) and 8 kHz, whereas high frequency audiometry tests in the region of 8 kHz-16 kHz. Some environmental factors, such as ototoxic medication and noise exposure, appear to be more detrimental to high frequency sensitivity than to that of mid or low frequencies. Therefore, high frequency audiometry is an effective method of monitoring losses that are suspected to have been caused by these factors. It is also effective in detecting the auditory sensitivity changes that occur with aging.[9]
Cross hearing and interaural attenuation[edit]
Figure 1: Interaural attenuation with air conduction.
Figure 2: Interaural attenuation with bone conduction
When sound is applied to one ear the contralateral cochlea can also be stimulated to varying degrees, via vibrations through the bone of the skull. When the stimuli presented to the test ear stimulates the cochlea of the non-test ear, this is known as cross hearing. Whenever it is suspected that cross hearing has occurred it is best to use masking. This is done by temporarily elevating the threshold of the non-test ear, by presenting a masking noise at a predetermined level. This prevents the non-test ear from detecting the test signal presented to the test ear. The threshold of the test ear is measured at the same time as presenting the masking noise to the non-test ear. Thus, thresholds obtained when masking has been applied, provide an accurate representation of the true hearing threshold level of the test ear.[10]
A reduction or loss of energy occurs with cross hearing, which is referred to as interaural attenuation (IA) or transcranial transmission loss.[10] IA varies with transducer type. It varies from 40 dB to 80 dB with supra-aural headphones. However, with insert earphones it is in the region of 55 dB. The use of insert earphones reduces the need for masking, due to the greater IA which occurs when they are used (See Figure 1).[11]
Air conduction results in isolation, give little information regarding the type of hearing loss. When the thresholds obtained via air conduction are examined alongside those achieved with bone conduction, the configuration of the hearing loss can be determined. However, with bone conduction (performed by placing a vibrator on the mastoid bone behind the ear), both cochleas are stimulated. IA for bone conduction ranges from 0-20 dB (See Figure 2). Therefore, conventional audiometry is ear specific, with regards to both air and bone conduction audiometry, when masking is applied.
PTA thresholds and hearing disability[edit]
PTA is described as the gold standard for assessment of a hearing loss.[12] But, how accurate is PTA at classifying the hearing loss of an individual, in terms of hearing impairment and hearing disability? Hearing impairment is defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as a hearing loss with thresholds higher than 25db in one or both ears. The degree of hearing loss is classified as mild, moderate, severe or profound.[13] The results of PTA are a good indicator of hearing impairment.
Hearing disability is defined by the WHO as a reduction in ability to hear sounds in quiet and background noise (compared to people with normal hearing), which is caused by a hearing impairment.[14] Several studies have investigated whether self-reported hearing problems (via questionnaires and interviews) were associated with the results from PTA. The findings of these studies indicate that in general, the results of PTA correspond to self-reported hearing problems (i.e. hearing disability). However, for some individuals this is not the case. Therefore, the results of PTA cannot be used to ascertain an individual's hearing disability.[15][16]
Figure 10: Speech recognition threshold (SRT) in noise. To aid explanation of this concept the CHL and the SNHL have the same magnitude of hearing loss (50 dBHL). The horizontal part of the curves is where the noise is inaudible. Thus, there is no masking effect on the SRT. The horizontal portion of the curve for the SNHL and CHL extends further than that for a normal hearing person, as the noise needs to become audible to become a problem. Thus, more noise has to be applied, to produce a masking effect. At the right hand side of the graph, to identify 50% of the speech correctly, the speech needs to much more intense than in the quiet. This is because at this end of the graph, the noise is very loud whether the person has a hearing loss or not. There is a transition between these two areas described. Factor A is a problem only in low noise levels, whereas Factor D is a problem when the noise level is high.
Hearing impairment (based on the audiogram) and auditory handicap (based on speech discrimination in noise) data was reviewed by Reinier Plomp[who?]. This led to the formulation of equations, which described the consequences of a hearing loss on speech intelligibility. The results of this review indicated that there were two factors of a hearing loss, which were involved in the effect on speech intelligibility. These factors were named Factor A and Factor D. Factor A affected speech intelligibility by attenuating the speech, whereas Factor D affected speech intelligibility by distorting the speech.[17]
Speech recognition threshold (SRT) is defined as the sound pressure level at which 50% of the speech is identified correctly. For a person with a conductive hearing loss (CHL) in quiet, the SRT needs to be higher than for a person with normal hearing. The increase in SRT depends on the degree of hearing loss only, so Factor A reflects the audiogram of that person. In noise, the person with a CHL has the same problem as the person with normal hearing (See Figure 10).[17]
For a person with a Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in quiet, the SRT also needs to be higher than for a person with normal hearing. This is because the only factor that is important in quiet for a CHL and a SNHL is the audibility of the sound, which corresponds to Factor A. In noise, the person with a SNHL requires a better signal-to-noise ratio to achieve the same performance level, as the person with normal hearing and the person with a CHL. This shows that in noise, Factor A is not enough to explain the problems of a person with a SNHL. Therefore, there is another problem present, which is Factor D. At present, it is not known what causes Factor D. Thus, in noise the audiogram is irrelevant. It is the type of hearing loss that is important in this situation.[17]
These findings have important implications for the design of hearing aids. As hearing aids at present can compensate for Factor A, but this is not the case for Factor D. This could be why hearing aids are not satisfactory for a lot of people.[17]
Audiograms and hearing loss[edit]
Main article: Audiogram
The shape of the audiogram resulting from PTA audiometry gives an indication of the type of hearing loss as well as possible causes. Conductive hearing loss due to disorders of the middle ear shows as a flat increase in thresholds across the frequency range. Sensorineural hearing loss will have a contoured shape depending on the cause. Presbycusis or age-related hearing loss for example is characterized by a high frequency roll-off (increase in thresholds). Noise-induced hearing loss has a characteristic notch at 4000 Hz. Other contours may indicate other causes for the hearing loss.
See also[edit]
Hearing range
Auditory masking
Auditory filters
Absolute threshold of hearing
Equal-loudness contours
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Audiology Pure-Tone Testing at eMedicine
Jump up ^ Moore, BC (April 2004). "Dead regions in the cochlea: conceptual foundations, diagnosis, and clinical applications". Ear and hearing. 25 (2): 98–116. doi:10.1097/01.aud.0000120359.49711.d7. PMID 15064655.
Jump up ^ Moore BCJ (2001). "Dead Regions in the Cochlea: Diagnosis, Perceptual Consequences, and Implications for the Fitting of hearing aids". Trends Amplif. 5: 1–34. doi:10.1177/108471380100500102. PMC 4168936  . PMID 25425895.
Jump up ^ Landegger, LD; Psaltis, D; Stankovic, KM (May 2016). "Human audiometric thresholds do not predict specific cellular damage in the inner ear". Hearing Research. 335: 83–93. doi:10.1016/j.heares.2016.02.018. PMID 26924453.
Jump up ^ The British Society of Audiology. September 2011 amended 2015. http://www.thebsa.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Pure-Tone-Audiometry-1.pdf [Accessed 13/11/2016]
Jump up ^ http://www.emedicine.com/ent/topic311.htm [Accessed on 27/02/07]
Jump up ^ http://michiganotoplasty.com/understanding-deafness-pta-testing/ [Accessed on 07/18/15].
Jump up ^ "Hearing Testing and Screening in Young Children". patient.info. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
Jump up ^ Monteiro de Castro Silva, I; Feitosa, MA (2005). "High-frequency audiometry in young and older adults when conventional audiometry is normal". Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology. 72 (5): 665–72. doi:10.1590/S0034-72992006000500014. PMID 17221060.
^ Jump up to: a b Katz J. Clinical Handbook of Audiology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2002.
Jump up ^ Bagatto, M; Moodie, S; Scollie, S; Seewald, R; Moodie, S; Pumford, J; Liu, KP (2005). "Clinical protocols for hearing instrument fitting in the Desired Sensation Level method". Trends in amplification. 9 (4): 199–226. doi:10.1177/108471380500900404. PMC 4111495  . PMID 16424946.
Jump up ^ Sindhusake D, Mitchell P, Smith W, Golding M, Newall P, Hartley D, et al. Validation of self-reported hearing loss. The Blue Mountains Hearing Study. Int. J. Epidemiol. 2001;30:1371-78.
Jump up ^ "Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300". WHO (World Health Organization). Retrieved 16 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "Sound Advice". Sound Advice Safety and Health Ltd. Retrieved 10 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Hietamen A, Era P, Henrichsen J, Rosenhall U, Sorri M, Heikkinen E. Hearing among 75-year old people in three Nordic localities: A comparative study. Int. J. Audiol. 2004;44:500-08.
Jump up ^ Uchida Y, Nakashima T, Ando F, Niino N, Shimokata H. Prevalence of Self-perceived Auditory Problems and their Relation to Audiometric Thresholds in a Middle-aged to Elderly Population. Acta. Otolaryngol. 2003;123:618-26.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Plomp, R (February 1978). "Auditory handicap of hearing impairment and the limited benefit of hearing aids". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 63 (2): 533–49. doi:10.1121/1.381753. PMID 670550.
External links[edit]
EMedicine.com.
GPNotebook.co.uk.
Springerlink.com.
Audition Cochlea Promenade oreille ear organ Corti C.R.I.C Montpellier. This website provides excellent diagrams and animated pictures that aid understanding of the topics covered. There are a wide range of topics covered including sound, cochlea, Organ of Corti, hair cell pathology and audiometry.
Audiology Resources. This site provides useful resources for people interested in audiology.
[1] This site provides excellent information regarding the Audiometric Testing procedure
[hide]
v
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Medical tests relating to hearing and balance (R30–R39, 788)
Hearing
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Rinne test
Tone decay test
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Audiometry
pure tone
visual reinforcement
Balance
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Unterberger test
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Maria (West Side Story)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Maria is the leading female character in the film and theatrical version of West Side Story, the award winning adaptation of William Shakespeare's romantic tragedy Romeo and Juliet.
Contents
[hide]
1 Character summary
2 Best known portrayal
3 Songs
4 1961 actress choices
5 In popular culture
6 References
7 External links
Character summary[edit]
Maria is in her late teens when she arrives on the US mainland. Her older brother Bernardo is the leader of the Puerto Rican gang, the Sharks. He has a girlfriend, Anita, who Maria is friends with and looks up to. Maria is eager to start a new life in New York, but Bernardo is protective and keeps a close eye on her. He intends for Maria to marry his friend Chino, but Maria is uninterested. She meets Tony who used to be part of the Sharks’ enemy gang, the Jets, at a community dance at the gym. They immediately fall in love. The couple meet several times after (on her balcony, at Anita’s shop, and at Doc’s, Tony’s workplace) before deciding to run away together after the rumble. They are about to leave when Chino shoots Tony for killing Bernardo. Whatever happens to Maria after Tony dies is left a mystery.
Maria is based on Shakespeare’s Juliet, who falls in love with Romeo after their first encounter, just like Maria did with Tony.
Best known portrayal[edit]
The best known portrayal of Maria was by Natalie Wood in the 1961 film, although the singing voice was provided by Marni Nixon.[1][2]
Songs[edit]
The songs sung by Maria include:
"Tonight" sung with Tony. Tony visits Maria on her balcony after the dance they had met at. The song acknowledges their new relationship:
"Tonight, tonight / It all began tonight!"[3]
"I Feel Pretty" is sung with Maria’s co-workers (except Anita) in the dress shop. The song is about Maria feeling pretty, as well as “dizzy” “witty” “charming” because:
"I'm loved / By a pretty wonderful boy."[4]
After the girls leave the shop, Tony meets Maria there, and they sing "One Hand, One Heart." This is sung after they pretend to get married.
"Now it begins, Now we start / One Hand, One Heart. / Even death won't part us now."[5]
The Quintet is a medley that the Sharks, the Jets, Anita, Tony, and Maria sing in. Tony and Maria sing a continuation of "Tonight."
"Somewhere" is also sung with Tony. He returns to Maria's house after he killed Bernardo at the rumble. The song represents their decision to flee from the city to:
"Peace and quiet and open air"[6]
"A Boy Like That / I Have a Love" is sung with Anita after she discovers that Maria was with Tony after the rumble. She tries to convince Maria to find another love, but Maria fights back with:
"I have a love and it's all that I have / Right or wrong, what else can I do?"[7]
In both the film and the play is a song named "Maria", which is sung by Tony in both. He sings this right after he meets and kisses Maria for the first time. Her name is sung 29 times in total.[8]
1961 actress choices[edit]
Natalie Wood was not the first choice to play Maria in the 1961 film version. Audrey Hepburn was considered, but she did not take it due to her pregnancy.[9] Like Wood, Hepburn was not Puerto Rican; she was British, Dutch, and Austrian.[10]
In popular culture[edit]
Maria is referenced in the chorus of the song "Maria Maria" by the band Santana:
“Oh Maria, Maria / She remind me of a West Side story.”[11]
West Bank Story, an Academy-award winning short film, is based on West Side Story. The rivalry is between Palestinians and the Hummus Hut stand versus the Jews and the Kosher King stand. Fatima, a Hummus Hut employee, is infatuated with David, a Kosher King employee, who feels the same way about Fatima. Fatima and David represent Maria and Tony.
A dance battle movie called Boogie Town is also based on West Side Story. It is set in 2015 New York City where dance battles are illegal. There are two rival dance crews, one led by Jay and the other by Micah. Micah falls in love with Jay’s sister, Natalie, who represents Maria.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Lawson, Kyle (10 June 2008). "6/17-22: Marni Nixon in My Fair Lady". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
Jump up ^ Prial, Frank J. (6 March 2007). "Voice of the Many, but Rarely Herself". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
Jump up ^ http://www.metrolyrics.com/tonight-lyrics-westside-story.html
Jump up ^ http://www.metrolyrics.com/i-feel-pretty-lyrics-westside-story.html
Jump up ^ http://www.metrolyrics.com/one-hand-one-heart-lyrics-westside-story.html
Jump up ^ http://www.metrolyrics.com/somewhere-lyrics-westside-story.html
Jump up ^ http://www.metrolyrics.com/a-boy-like-that-i-have-a-love-lyrics-westside-story.html
Jump up ^ http://www.metrolyrics.com/maria-lyrics-westside-story.html
Jump up ^ http://insidemovies.ew.com/2011/10/18/natalie-wood-west-side-story-50th-anniversary/
Jump up ^ http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/printable/52107
Jump up ^ http://www.metrolyrics.com/maria-maria-lyrics-santana.html
External links[edit]
West Side Story on IMDb
[hide]
v
t
e
Arthur Laurents, Leonard Bernstein and Stephen Sondheim's West Side Story (1957)
Characters
Maria
Inspiration
William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet
Adaptations
West Side Story (1961 film)
West Side Story Suite (1995 ballet)
Variations
Deaf Side Story (c. 2002 musical)
Swango (2002 musical)
West Bank Story (2005 parody film)
Boogie Town (2012 film)
Songs
Act 1
"Something's Coming"
"Maria"
"Tonight"
"America"
"Cool"
"One Hand, One Heart"
"Tonight (Quintet & Chorus)"
Act 2
"I Feel Pretty"
"Somewhere"
"A Boy Like That"
Albums
West Side Story (1957 original cast)
West Side Story (1959 Previn)
West Side Story (1961 soundtrack)
West Side Story (1961 Tjader)
Bernstein Plays Brubeck Plays Bernstein (1961 Brubeck Quartet)
West Side Story (1962 Peterson Trio)
Kenton's West Side Story (1962 Kenton)
Toshiko–Mariano Quartet (in West Side) (1963 Akiyoshi)
West Side Story (1974 Earl Hines)
Related
"The First Time"
"Upper West Side Story"
Wild Side Story
China Girl
"Roses"
Play It Again
Josh
Superjail!
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maria_(West_Side_Story)&oldid=768177960"
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Romance film characters
Musical theatre characters
Fictional Puerto Rican people
Fictional immigrants to the United States
Fictional characters introduced in 1957
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American Horror Story: Cult
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
American Horror Story:
Cult
Promotional poster
Starring
Sarah Paulson
Evan Peters
Cheyenne Jackson
Billie Lourd
Alison Pill
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
11
Release
Original network
FX
Original release
September 5 (2017-09-05) – November 14, 2017 (2017-11-14)
Season chronology
← Previous
Roanoke
List of American Horror Story episodes
American Horror Story: Cult is the seventh season of the FX horror anthology television series American Horror Story. The season premiered on September 5, 2017, and concluded on November 14, 2017. It was picked up on October 4, 2016. The subtitle Cult was announced on July 20, 2017.
Returning cast members from previous seasons include Sarah Paulson, Evan Peters, Cheyenne Jackson, John Carroll Lynch, Chaz Bono, Adina Porter, James Morosini, Emma Roberts, Mare Winningham, Frances Conroy, and Jamie Brewer, along with new cast members Billie Lourd and Alison Pill. Cult marks the first season to not feature series mainstay actress Lily Rabe.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast and characters
2.1 Main
2.2 Special guest stars
2.3 Recurring
2.4 Guest stars
3 Episodes
4 Production
4.1 Development
4.2 Casting
4.3 Filming
4.4 Edits
5 Reception
5.1 Critical response
5.2 Awards and nominations
5.3 Ratings
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
The fictional city of Brookfield Heights, Michigan is left divided by the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Local restaurant owner Ally Mayfair-Richards (Sarah Paulson) is utterly distraught by Donald Trump's victory and several of her longstanding phobias, including coulrophobia, hemophobia, and trypophobia, intensify as a result. Similarly devastated is fellow Brookfield Heights resident Winter Anderson (Billie Lourd), a liberal young woman who dropped out of college to work on Hillary Clinton's campaign. Contrarily, Winter's estranged and manipulative brother, Kai (Evan Peters), rejoices at the election results and is enticed to pursue political power.
In the months following the election, Ally is targeted and relentlessly terrorized by masked clowns. Those close to her, including her psychiatrist, Dr. Rudy Vincent (Cheyenne Jackson), struggle to ascertain whether the attacks she alleges are real or merely anxiety-fueled hallucinations. Ally's paranoia and turmoil, escalated by suspicious activities perpetrated by new neighbors Harrison (Billy Eichner) and Meadow Wilton (Leslie Grossman), hinder her relationships with her wife (Alison Pill) and her son (Cooper Dodson).
Depictions of true cults, including the Peoples Temple and the Manson Family, mirror the affairs of a fledgling Brookfield Heights extremist group comprised of individuals fed up with the political climate of the United States. Broadcast newscaster Beverly Hope's (Adina Porter) intensive coverage of the brutal atrocities executed by this group further divides the citizens of Brookfield Heights.
Cast and characters[edit]
Main articles: List of American Horror Story cast members and List of American Horror Story: Cult characters
Main[edit]
Sarah Paulson, Evan Peters, and Alison Pill (left to right) portray lead roles Ally Mayfair-Richards, Kai Anderson, and Ivy Mayfair-Richards, respectively.
Billie Lourd, Cheyenne Jackson, and Billy Eichner (left to right) portray Winter Anderson, Dr. Rudy Vincent, and Harrison Wilton, respectively.
Sarah Paulson as Ally Mayfair-Richards and Susan Atkins
Evan Peters as Kai Anderson, Andy Warhol, Marshall Applewhite, David Koresh, Jim Jones, Jesus, and Charles Manson
Cheyenne Jackson as Dr. Rudy Vincent
Billie Lourd as Winter Anderson and Linda Kasabian
Alison Pill as Ivy Mayfair-Richards
Special guest stars[edit]
Billy Eichner as Harrison Wilton and Charles "Tex" Watson
Emma Roberts as Serena Belinda
Mare Winningham as Sally Keffler
Lena Dunham as Valerie Solanas
Frances Conroy as Bebe Babbitt
Recurring[edit]
Adina Porter as Beverly Hope
Colton Haynes as Detective Jack Samuels
Leslie Grossman as Meadow Wilton and Patricia Krenwinkel
Chaz Bono as Gary Longstreet
Cooper Dodson as Ozymandias "Oz" Mayfair-Richards
Dermot Mulroney as Bob Thompson
Cameron Cowperthwaite as Speedwagon
Guest stars[edit]
Tim Kang as Tom Chang
John Carroll Lynch as Twisty the Clown
Jorge-Luis Pallo as Pedro Morales
Zack Ward as Roger
Laura Allen as Rosie
Ron Melendez as Mark
James Morosini as R.J.
Dot-Marie Jones as Butchy May
Jamie Brewer as Hedda
Rick Springfield as Pastor Charles
Rachel Roberts as Sharon Tate
Dennis Cockrum as Herbert Jackson
Annie Ilonzeh as Erika
Episodes[edit]
See also: List of American Horror Story episodes
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)
74
1 "Election Night" Bradley Buecker Ryan Murphy & Brad Falchuk September 5, 2017 (2017-09-05) 7ATS01 3.93[1]
Ally and Ivy are a married couple who have a son named Oz. Ally suffers from several phobias which intensify after learning that Donald Trump has won the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Her psychiatrist, Dr. Rudy Vincent, recommends a medicine to calm her phobia-induced anxiety. Clowns soon start to stalk Ally. Meanwhile, Kai and Winter are two siblings who make a mysterious pact after Trump becomes president. Winter becomes Oz's nanny and attempts to desensitize him to violence. Kai entices a group of Hispanic men to beat him up. Ally and Ivy's neighbors, the Changs, are slaughtered by a group of clowns. The police erroneously rule the incident as a murder–suicide. Mr. Chang's death leaves a city council seat vacant.
75
2 "Don't Be Afraid of the Dark" Liza Johnson Tim Minear September 12, 2017 (2017-09-12) 7ATS02 2.38[2]
Kai campaigns for the vacant seat on city council. Ally distrusts the new occupants of the Chang's former home, Harrison and Meadow Wilton. At Ally and Ivy's restaurant, the Butchery on Main, tensions fuel between the sous-chef, Roger, and a Hispanic employee, Pedro. Later, the restaurant's security system trips and Ally investigates. She finds Roger hanging on a hook in the meat locker. Detective Samuels singles out Pedro as the most likely suspect. Ally obtains a gun from the Wiltons. Later on, there is an alleged power shortage in the city and Ally is terrorized by clowns. Ivy sends Pedro to deliver supplies to the house and he is accidentally shot and killed by Ally.
76
3 "Neighbors from Hell" Gwyneth Horder-Payton James Wong September 19, 2017 (2017-09-19) 7ATS03 2.25[3]
Clowns break into a couple's home and entomb them in coffins. Picketers protest Pedro's death outside of the Butchery on Main. Kai promises Ally that he will dissuade them and he delivers. The Wiltons berate Ally for Pedro's death and gift Oz a guinea pig. A truck, dispersing a mysterious green gas throughout the neighborhood, disturbs Ally. Oz's guinea pig is microwaved and killed. Ally suspects the Wiltons to be the perpetrators. She assaults Harrison and threatens Meadow. Footage of Ally being seduced by Winter is posted online, devastating Ivy. The Wiltons are individually interrogated by Kai. Harrison expresses his desire for Meadow's death. Afterwards, Meadow disappears and Harrison blames Ally.
77
4 "11/9" Gwyneth Horder-Payton John J. Gray September 26, 2017 (2017-09-26) 7ATS04 2.13[4]
The day before the election, Ivy attends a political rally where she is groped by a man named Gary. Winter comes to Ivy's defense and the two have lunch together. That night, Ivy and Winter kidnap Gary and chain him to a pole in an abandoned building to prevent him from voting the next day. Kai comes to Gary's aid one hour before the polls close and offers him a saw. Gary severs off his chained hand. The day after the election, Harrison becomes Kai's personal trainer. Kai takes Harrison under his wing and eventually convinces him to murder his degrading boss. Later, Kai takes a special interest in a news reporter named Beverly Hope and offers her "equal power" in his quest for domination. He instigates the murder of her rival, Serena Belinda, as proof of his dedication to her.
78
5 "Holes" Maggie Kiley Crystal Liu October 3, 2017 (2017-10-03) 7ATS05 2.20[5]
Beverly informs Kai that her boss, Bob, is compromising news coverage of the clown murders and thereby hindering Kai's campaign. Kai, Beverly, Winter, Harrison, Detective Samuels, Ivy, Gary, and Beverly's cameraman, RJ, don clown masks, break into Bob's house, and film his murder. Beverly later advises Kai to cut ties with RJ whom she views as a weak link. Each cult member shoots a tied-up RJ in the head with a nail gun before Kai finishes him off. Meadow pleads to Ally for safety from the cult and lets it slip that Ivy is a member. Beverly probes Kai about the whereabouts of his parents and Kai divulges that his mom shot his dad and then herself in a murder–suicide. Kai's brother, Dr. Rudy Vincent, insisted that they cover up their deaths in order to protect his career and continue receiving their mom's pension and their dad's disability checks.
79
6 "Mid-Western Assassin" Bradley Buecker Todd Kubrak October 10, 2017 (2017-10-10) 7ATS06 2.15[6]
Meadow reveals to Ally that she had fallen in love with Kai and decided to desert the cult when her feelings were not reciprocated. Meadow also tells Ally that the cult has made strides to drive her insane so that Ivy would gain sole custody of Oz. Ally plans to use Meadow's testimony to expose Kai and pays an opposing candidate of his, Sally Keffler, a visit to ask for her help. In the midst of their conversation, the cult breaks into Sally's house and Kai shoots her in the chest. He stages her murder as a suicide. The next day, at a political rally, Meadow shoots several people, including Kai. Ally attempts to wrestle the gun out of Meadow's hands and Meadow shoots herself in the mouth. Ally is arrested after a SWAT team arrives to the scene and finds her with the gun in her hands. Kai had ordered Meadow to attempt to assassinate him so that his figure would be elevated to a national level. In addition, Meadow was instructed to bear witness to Ally on the grounds that no one would believe a "crazy woman".
80
7 "Valerie Solanas Died for Your Sins: Scumbag" Rachel Goldberg Crystal Liu October 17, 2017 (2017-10-17) 7ATS07 2.07[7]
Ally is sent to a psychiatric hospital. Kai wins the vacant seat on city council. His presence in the national media attracts an underground following of misogynistic militiamen. Beverly, Winter, and Ivy are warned by Bebe Babbitt, the former lover of radical feminist Valerie Solanas, about the danger of putting their trust in Kai. Bebe asserts that men in power always push women aside. She divulges to them that Solanas orchestrated the murders accredited to the Zodiac Killer. Solanas died haunted by the fact that her legacy would be tied with her shooting of Andy Warhol. Later, Beverly, Winter, and Ivy murder Harrison for making a sexist comment. Kai and Bebe watch Beverly report on Harrison’s death together.
81
8 "Winter of Our Discontent" Barbara Brown Joshua Green October 24, 2017 (2017-10-24) 7ATS08 2.06[8]
Winter assures Beverly and Ivy that Kai is dependable and recounts an occasion in which they saved tortured captives of a deranged pastor. Kai’s proposal that Winter be impregnated with the "messiah" by Samuels does not go as planned and Samuels later attempts to rape Winter. She shoots him in the head. In the meantime, Ally is released from the psychiatric hospital and, in an effort to get her son back, informs Kai that Vincent is seeking to get him committed. Kai kills Vincent and confines Beverly, having been blamed for the death of Samuels by Winter, to an isolation chamber. Ally joins the cult, much to the dismay of Ivy.
82
9 "Drink the Kool-Aid" Angela Bassett Adam Penn October 31, 2017 (2017-10-31) 7ATS09 1.48[9]
Kai declares his intention to run for Senate. Later, he requires each cult member to drink presumably poisoned Kool-Aid to test their loyalty. He reveals that the drinks were untainted afterwards. Meanwhile, Ally serves Ivy pasta and wine laced with arsenic and Ivy drops dead. As a means to protect Oz from harm, Ally presents to Kai doctored evidence that his sperm inseminated her when she became pregnant.
83
10 "Charles (Manson) in Charge" Bradley Buecker Ryan Murphy & Brad Falchuk November 7, 2017 (2017-11-07) 7ATS10 1.82[10]
Kai recounts the Tate murders to the militiamen. Afterwards, he begins to suspect that a mole has infiltrated the cult and slips into a state of manic paranoia which plagues him with visions of Charles Manson. Meanwhile, Bebe Babbitt is incensed by Kai’s failing to implement their master plan: to unleash female rage with an inflammatory political platform. Ally shoots Bebe in the head after she pulls a gun on Kai. After reporting on the murder of Gary, enacted by the cult at a local Planned Parenthood, a broken Beverly is urged by Winter to run away. Beverly insists that she remain loyal to Kai. Kai later tearfully strangles Winter to death after Ally singles her out as the mole. Ally takes notice of the real mole, militiaman Speedwagon.
84
11 "Great Again" Jennifer Lynch Tim Minear November 14, 2017 (2017-11-14) 7ATS11 1.97[11]
A SWAT team storms the Anderson basement on the night that the cult intends to massacre one-hundred pregnant women. Months later, Ally divulges to Beverly that the FBI recruited her as an informant. Beverly becomes a key advisor to Ally’s Michigan Senate campaign. Kai escapes from a maximum security prison and infiltrates a televised political debate between Ally and her opponent. Kai misogynistically tirades and points a gun to Ally’s head. He pulls the trigger just to discover that the gun isn't loaded. Beverly then shoots him dead. Ally obtains the vast majority of the female vote and wins a Senate seat. The season concludes as Ally tucks Oz into bed, dons an emerald SCUM cloak, and departs to attend a meeting with a group of “empowered women who want to change the system”.
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
On October 4, 2016, the series was renewed for a seventh cycle, which premiered on September 5, 2017.[12][13][14] Ryan Murphy confirmed that the season will be connected to Freak Show, but will be set in modern day.[15] In February 2017, on Watch What Happens Live, Murphy announced that the season would revolve around the 2016 U.S. election and suggested that it may feature a character based on President Donald Trump.[16] Murphy has said that the season will be representative of both sides of the political divide. He also said that he will be "illuminating and highlighting" groups of people he believes to be "ignored by the current [Trump] administration and who are afraid and feel terrorized that their lives are going to be taken away."[17]
It was later confirmed that the season would be set in the aftermath of the presidential election, with the first episode taking place on election night.[18][19] Murphy explained it will be about "the fallout of that night, which to many people, from all sides of the camps is a horror story."[20] He also revealed the season will not feature Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton, stating "Horror Story is always about allegory, so the election is allegory."[20] In April 2017, Murphy confirmed that archive footage of the election night would be used in the season premiere.[21]
Murphy revealed via Twitter that the details of the seventh season, including the title, would be revealed on July 20.[22] He also teased that the opening sequence of the series would return in this season, following its absence in Roanoke.[23]
On July 20, 2017, it was announced at the San Diego Comic-Con that the title of the season would be Cult. Murphy also revealed it would be set in Michigan, and confirmed it would consist of a total of 11 episodes, premiering on September 5, 2017. For the first time, the series will not air on Wednesdays but rather on Tuesdays. On August 3, 2017, online posters revealed the names of multiple characters of the season.[24] On August 21, 2017, the opening title sequence of the season was revealed, following its absence in the previous season.[25] That same month, Murphy confirmed that, contrary to the past seasons, Cult would not feature supernatural elements.[26]
Casting[edit]
During the Winter 2017 TCA Press Tour, series mainstays Sarah Paulson and Evan Peters were reported to be starring as the leads in the season.[15][14] In March 2017, Billy on the Street host Billy Eichner was announced to be cast in the series, playing a role in the life of Paulson's character.[19][27] His character is slated for appearing in "six or seven" episodes.[19] The next month, it was reported that Scream Queens alum Billie Lourd will also star in the seventh installment of the series.[18][20] In May 2017, Leslie Grossman, who starred in Murphy's series Popular, joined the cast of the series,[28] and Angela Bassett hinted she may return in a recurring role.[29] Later that month, it was confirmed via set pictures that Adina Porter and Cheyenne Jackson were also returning.[30][31] In June 2017, Murphy confirmed via his Instagram account that Colton Haynes, whom Murphy worked with previously on second season of Scream Queens, was joining the casting for the seventh season.[32] Later that month, set pictures revealed that Alison Pill was joining the cast of the season, seemingly portraying the partner of Sarah Paulson's character.[33] In July 2017, Murphy revealed via his Twitter account that Lena Dunham was joining the season.[34] She is set to play Valerie Solanas, author of the SCUM Manifesto and attempted murder of Andy Warhol, via flashbacks.[35] Murphy also confirmed the returns of Frances Conroy and Mare Winningham. Conroy has appeared in all the seasons except Hotel, while Winningham has appeared in Coven, Freak Show and Hotel.[36] In August 2017, Murphy confirmed the return of Emma Roberts, who appeared in Coven and Freak Show,[37] while Roanoke actors Chaz Bono and James Morosini also confirmed their returns.[38] In the seventh episode, Murder House, Coven and Freak Show actress alum Jamie Brewer returned to the show.
On June 26, 2017, it was confirmed that Lady Gaga would not return for the seventh season due to other projects.[39] Despite rumors, Entertainment Weekly reported on July 7, 2017, that Vera Farmiga, sister of American Horror Story alum Taissa Farmiga, would not appear in the season.[40] Later that month, it was confirmed by The Hollywood Reporter that Kathy Bates will not appear in Cult, after four seasons of regular appearances.[41]
Murphy also revealed via his Instagram account that Freak Show character Twisty the Clown would return in the seventh season, indicating that John Carroll Lynch would reprise his role.[42]
Filming[edit]
In February 2017, it was announced the season would begin principal photography in June 2017.[16] By the next month, filming was moved to May 2017.[19] On May 24, 2017, writer and producer John J. Gray confirmed the show started filming.[43]
Edits[edit]
On October 7, 2017, it was confirmed that the sixth episode of the season would be edited as a direct result of the 2017 Las Vegas shooting that occurred on October 1, 2017. The episode originally featured a scene lasting 2 minutes and 16 seconds where Leslie Grossman's character Meadow Wilton begins to fire at Evan Peters' character, as well as a crowd, during a campaign speech. The episode was edited to de-emphasize the violence and to mostly have it featured completely off-screen[44] - as a result the opening sequence of the episode was cut in half, several on-screen deaths were removed and two separate close-up shots of the handgun firing were removed.[45]
While only the edited episode was broadcast on FX, the original uncut episode was released via VOD, FXNOW and FX+.[45]
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
American Horror Story: Cult received positive reviews from critics. The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the season a 72% approval rating, with an average rating of 6.83/10, based on 42 reviews. The site's consensus reads, "American Horror Story: Cult intrigues with timely, over-the-top creepiness - and lots of clowns - despite being hampered by broad political generalizations and occasional holes in the narrative's logic."[46] On Metacritic, the season was given a score of 66 out of 100 based on 24 reviews, indicating "generally positive reviews".[47]
American Horror Story (season 7): Critical reception by episode
Season 7 (2017): Percentage of positive reviews tracked by the website Rotten Tomatoes[48]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by American Horror Story
In its seventh season, the series has been nominated for 3 awards.
Year
Association
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
2018 8th Critics' Choice TV Awards[49] Best Actor in a Movie or Limited Series Evan Peters Pending
70th Writers Guild of America Awards[50] Long Form – Original Brad Falchuk, John J. Gray, Joshua Green, Todd Kubrak, Crystal Liu, Tim Minear, Ryan Murphy, Adam Penn and James Wong Pending
22nd Art Directors Guild Awards[51] Television Movie or Mini-Series Jeffrey Mossa (for "Election Night" and "Winter of Our Discontent") Pending
Ratings[edit]
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)
1 "Election Night" September 5, 2017 2.0 3.93[1] TBD TBD TBD TBD
2 "Don't Be Afraid of the Dark" September 12, 2017 1.2 2.38[2] 1.7 3.05 2.9 5.43[52]
3 "Neighbors from Hell" September 19, 2017 1.2 2.25[3] TBD TBD TBD TBD
4 "11/9" September 26, 2017 1.1 2.13[4] 1.5 2.87 2.7 5.00[53]
5 "Holes" October 3, 2017 1.1 2.20[5] 1.5 2.82 2.6 5.02[54]
6 "Mid-Western Assassin" October 10, 2017 1.0 2.15[6] 1.2 2.28 2.2 4.43[55]
7 "Valerie Solanas Died for Your Sins: Scumbag" October 17, 2017 1.0 2.07[7] 1.5 2.74 2.5 4.81[56]
8 "Winter of Our Discontent" October 24, 2017 1.0 2.06[8] 1.4 2.56 2.4 4.62[57]
9 "Drink the Kool-Aid" October 31, 2017 0.7 1.48[9] 1.4 2.56 2.4 4.04[58]
10 "Charles (Manson) in Charge" November 7, 2017 0.8 1.82[10] TBD TBD TBD TBD
11 "Great Again" November 14, 2017 1.0 1.97[11] TBD TBD TBD TBD
American Horror Story : U.S. viewers per episode (millions)
Season
Ep. 1
Ep. 2
Ep. 3
Ep. 4
Ep. 5
Ep. 6
Ep. 7
Ep. 8
Ep. 9
Ep. 10
Ep. 11
Ep. 12
Ep. 13
Murder House
3.18 2.46 2.59 2.96 2.74 2.83 3.06 2.81 2.85 2.54 2.59 3.22 N/A
Asylum
3.85 3.06 2.47 2.65 2.78 1.89 2.27 2.36 2.22 2.21 2.51 2.30 2.29
Coven
5.54 4.51 3.78 3.71 3.80 4.16 4.00 4.07 3.94 3.49 3.46 3.35 4.24
Freak Show
6.13 4.53 4.44 4.51 4.22 3.65 3.91 3.30 3.07 2.99 3.11 2.94 3.27
Hotel
5.81 4.06 3.20 3.04 2.87 2.64 2.64 2.31 2.14 1.85 1.84 2.24 N/A
Roanoke
5.14 3.27 3.08 2.83 2.82 2.48 2.62 2.20 2.43 2.45 N/A
Cult
3.93 2.38 2.25 2.13 2.20 2.15 2.07 2.06 1.48 1.82 1.97 N/A
Source: Nielsen Media Research[59][60][61][62][63]
References[edit]
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^ Jump up to: a b c d Andreeva, Nellie (March 28, 2017). "'American Horror Story': Billy Eichner Cast In Season 7 Of FX Anthology Series". Deadline.com. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Nilles, Billie (April 7, 2017). "American Horror Story Season 7 Adds Scream Queens Vet Billie Lourd". E!. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Dos Santos, Kristin (April 22, 2017). "Who Will Play Princess Diana on Feud? The Latest From Ryan Murphy". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
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Jump up ^ Swift, Andy (July 20, 2017). "American Horror Story: Cult Confirmed — Plus: Who's Returning in Season 7?". TV Line. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
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Jump up ^ Swift, Andy (August 25, 2017). "Lena Dunham, Emma Roberts' Cult Characters Revealed, More AHS Scoop". TVLine. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Stack, Tim (March 28, 2017). "American Horror Story: Billy Eichner cast in season 7". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ Pederson, Erik (May 15, 2017). "'American Horror Story': Leslie Grossman Joins FX Anthology From Ryan Murphy". Deadline.com. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Angela Bassett Isn't Sure Political 'American Horror Story' Return Can 'Keep Up' With Reality (Exclusive Video)". toofab. Retrieved June 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ AHStoryNet [@AHStoryNet] (May 26, 2017). "HELL YEAH ! ADINA PORTER IS THERE TOO !!! #AHS #AHS7" (Tweet). Retrieved May 26, 2017 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ AHStoryNet [@AHStoryNet] (May 27, 2017). "Cheyenne Jackson @cheyennejackson - On Set of "American Horror Story" - May 26 #AHS #AHS7" (Tweet). Retrieved May 27, 2017 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Murphy, Ryan (June 21, 2017). "Welcome to American Horror Story, Colton Haynes". Instagram. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ AHStoryNet [@AHStoryNet] (June 28, 2017). "Alison Pill is officially joining the cast of #AHS7 !" (Tweet). Retrieved June 28, 2017 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Ryan Murphy [@MrRPMurphy] (July 19, 2017). "Thrilled that my talented friend Lena Dunham is joining the AMERICAN HORROR STORY family. Always wanted to work together, and now we r!" (Tweet). Retrieved July 19, 2017 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (August 25, 2017). "'American Horror Story: Cult': Ryan Murphy On Lena Dunham's Portrayal Of Valerie Solanas". Deadline.com. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ryan Murphy [@MrRPMurphy] (July 21, 2017). "Frances Conroy and Mare Winningham return...and others" (Tweet). Retrieved July 21, 2017 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Murphy, Ryan (August 1, 2017). "Look who showed up on the set of Cult looking glamorous and ready for action". Instagram. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bono, Chaz (August 1, 2017). "Guess what? YOU could have a walk-on role in American Horror Story! Check out the set, get dolled up, AND grab some lunch with Evan Peters. It's all to support Children's Hospital Los Angeles. Click the link in the bio or go to omaze.com/AHS NOW!". Instagram. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Stack, Tim (June 26, 2017). "American Horror Story: Lady Gaga won't return for season 7 despite rumors". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Stack, Tim (July 7, 2017). "American Horror Story: Vera Farmiga not appearing this season despite rumors". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Nemetz, Dave; Nemetz, Dave (July 31, 2017). "American Horror Story: Kathy Bates Won't Return for Next Season's Cult". TVLine. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Murphy, Ryan (July 11, 2017). "He's Baaaaaack". Instagram. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Gray, John J. (May 24, 2017). "🎥 #ahs7". Instagram. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
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^ Jump up to: a b https://www.popsugar.com/entertainment/American-Horror-Story-Cult-Shooting-Scene-Edits-44128303
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Jump up ^ "2018 Writers Guild Awards: Television, New Media, News, Radio/Audio, & Promotional Writing Nominations Announced". Writers Guild of America Awards. December 7, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
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Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (September 27, 2017). "'South Park' premiere makes big gains in cable Live +7 ratings for Sept. 11-17". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 13, 2017). "'AHS: Cult' outgains everything in cable Live +7 ratings for Sept. 25-Oct. 1". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 19, 2017). "American Horror Story: Cult' on top again in cable Live +7 ratings for Oct. 2-8". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 26, 2017). "'Gold Rush' still striking it rich for Discovery: Cable Live +7 ratings for Oct. 9-15". TV By the Numbers. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 3, 2017). "'Walking Dead' premiere grows a lot, still trails Season 7 debut by a lot: Cable Live +7 ratings for Oct. 16-22". TV By the Numbers. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 9, 2017). "'Walking Dead,' 'AHS: Cult' way above everything else in cable Live +7 ratings for Oct. 23-29". TV By the Numbers. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 17, 2017). "'American Horror Story: Cult' triples in cable Live +7 ratings for Oct. 30-Nov. 5". TV By the Numbers. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ "American Horror Story: Season Two Ratings". TV Series Finale. January 24, 2013. Retrieved July 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "American Horror Story: Coven: (Season Three) Ratings". TV Series Finale. January 30, 2014. Retrieved July 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "American Horror Story: Freak Show Ratings". TV Series Finale. January 22, 2015. Retrieved July 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "American Horror Story: Hotel (Season Five) Ratings". TV Series Finale. January 14, 2016. Retrieved July 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "American Horror Story: Season Six Ratings". TV Series Finale. November 17, 2016. Retrieved July 26, 2017.
External links[edit]
Horror fiction portal
Television in the United States portal
Official website
[hide]
v
t
e
American Horror Story
Awards and nominations
Cast members
Episodes list
Murder House
"Pilot"
"Home Invasion"
"Murder House"
"Halloween, Parts 1 and 2"
"Piggy Piggy"
"Open House"
"Rubber Man"
"Spooky Little Girl"
"Smoldering Children"
"Birth"
"Afterbirth"
Asylum
"Welcome to Briarcliff"
"Tricks and Treats"
"Nor'easter"
"I Am Anne Frank, Parts 1 and 2"
"The Origins of Monstrosity"
"Dark Cousin"
"Unholy Night"
"The Coat Hanger"
"The Name Game"
"Spilt Milk"
"Continuum"
"Madness Ends"
Coven
"Bitchcraft"
"Boy Parts"
"The Replacements"
"Fearful Pranks Ensue"
"Burn, Witch, Burn!"
"The Axeman Cometh"
"The Dead"
"The Sacred Taking"
"Head"
"The Magical Delights of Stevie Nicks"
"Protect the Coven"
"Go to Hell"
"The Seven Wonders"
Freak Show
"Monsters Among Us"
"Massacres and Matinees"
"Edward Mordrake, Parts 1 and 2"
"Pink Cupcakes"
"Bullseye"
"Test of Strength"
"Blood Bath"
"Tupperware Party Massacre"
"Orphans"
"Magical Thinking"
"Show Stoppers"
"Curtain Call"
Hotel
"Checking In"
"Chutes and Ladders"
"Mommy"
"Devil's Night"
"Room Service"
"Room 33"
"Flicker"
"The Ten Commandments Killer"
"She Wants Revenge"
"She Gets Revenge"
"Battle Royale"
"Be Our Guest"
Roanoke
"Chapter 1"
"Chapter 2"
"Chapter 3"
"Chapter 4"
"Chapter 5"
"Chapter 6"
"Chapter 7"
"Chapter 8"
"Chapter 9"
"Chapter 10"
Cult
"Election Night"
"Don't Be Afraid of the Dark"
"Neighbors from Hell"
"11/9"
"Holes"
"Mid-Western Assassin"
"Valerie Solanas Died for Your Sins: Scumbag"
"Winter of Our Discontent"
"Drink the Kool-Aid"
"Charles (Manson) in Charge"
"Great Again"
Characters
Murder House
Asylum
Coven
Freak Show
Hotel
Roanoke
Cult
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_Horror_Story:_Cult&oldid=819021737"
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Mass murder in fiction
Feminist fiction
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