text:
Game of Thrones (season 8)
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Game of Thrones (season 8)
Promotional poster
Starring
See List of Game of Thrones cast
Country of origin
United States
Release
Original network
HBO
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 7
List of Game of Thrones episodes
The eighth and final season of the fantasy drama television series Game of Thrones was announced by HBO in July 2016.[1][2] Unlike the first six seasons that each had ten episodes and the seventh that had seven episodes, the eighth season will have only six episodes. Like the previous season, it will largely consist of original content not found currently in George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire series, and will instead adapt material Martin has revealed to showrunners about the upcoming novels in the series, The Winds of Winter and A Dream of Spring.[3]
The season will be adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. Filming officially began on October 23, 2017. The season is scheduled to premiere in 2019.
Contents
[hide]
1 Episodes
2 Cast
2.1 Main cast
2.2 Supporting cast
3 Production
3.1 Crew
3.2 Writing
3.3 Filming
3.4 Episodes
3.5 Music
4 References
5 External links
Episodes[edit]
See also: List of Game of Thrones episodes
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by [4][5]
Written by [6]
Original air date [7]
U.S. viewers
(millions)
68
1 TBA David Nutter Dave Hill 2019 (2019) TBD
69
2 TBA David Nutter Bryan Cogman 2019 (2019) TBD
70
3 TBA Miguel Sapochnik David Benioff & D. B. Weiss 2019 (2019) TBD
71
4 TBA David Nutter David Benioff & D. B. Weiss 2019 (2019) TBD
72
5 TBA Miguel Sapochnik David Benioff & D. B. Weiss 2019 (2019) TBD
73
6 TBA David Benioff & D. B. Weiss David Benioff & D. B. Weiss 2019 (2019) TBD
Cast[edit]
See also: List of Game of Thrones characters
Peter Dinklage (Tyrion Lannister)
Nikolaj Coster-Waldau
(Jaime Lannister)
Lena Headey (Cersei Lannister)
Emilia Clarke (Daenerys Targaryen)
Main cast[edit]
Peter Dinklage as Tyrion Lannister[8]
Nikolaj Coster-Waldau as Jaime Lannister[8]
Lena Headey as Cersei Lannister[8]
Emilia Clarke as Daenerys Targaryen[8]
Kit Harington as Jon Snow[8]
Liam Cunningham as Davos Seaworth[9]
Sophie Turner as Sansa Stark[10]
Maisie Williams as Arya Stark[11]
Nathalie Emmanuel as Missandei[12]
Gwendoline Christie as Brienne of Tarth[12]
John Bradley as Samwell Tarly[13]
Isaac Hempstead Wright as Bran Stark[14]
Rory McCann as Sandor "The Hound" Clegane[15]
Iain Glen as Jorah Mormont[16]
Conleth Hill as Varys[17]
Carice van Houten as Melisandre[18]
Jerome Flynn as Bronn[19]
Joe Dempsie as Gendry[20]
Supporting cast[edit]
Ben Crompton as Eddison Tollett[21]
Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson as Gregor Clegane[22]
Jacob Anderson as Grey Worm[12]
Rupert Vansittart as Yohn Royce[12]
Marc Rissmann as Harry Strickland[23]
Production[edit]
Crew[edit]
Series creators and executive producers David Benioff and D. B. Weiss will serve as showrunners for the eighth season. The directors for the eighth season were announced in September 2017. Miguel Sapochnik, who previously directed "The Gift" and "Hardhome" on season 5, as well as "Battle of the Bastards" and "The Winds of Winter" on season 6 will return as director. He will divide up direction of the first five episodes with David Nutter, who had directed two episodes on seasons two, three and five. The final episode of the show will be directed by Benioff and Weiss, who have previously directed one episode each.[4]
At the show's South by Southwest panel on March 12, 2017, Benioff and Weiss announced the writers for the show to be Dave Hill (episode 1) and Bryan Cogman (episode 2). The showrunners will then divide up the screenplay for the remaining four episodes amongst themselves.[24]
Writing[edit]
Writing for the eighth season started with a 140-page outline. Benioff said that the divvying up process and who should write what section became more difficult, being that "this would be the last time that we would be doing this."[25]
Filming[edit]
In an interview with Entertainment Weekly, HBO programming president Casey Bloys stated that instead of the series finale being a feature film, the final season would be "six one-hour movies" on television. He continued, "The show has proven that TV is every bit as impressive and in many cases more so, than film. What they're doing is monumental."[26] Filming officially began on October 23, 2017.[27]
Episodes[edit]
Co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss have said that the seventh and eighth season would likely consist of fewer episodes, stating that after season six, they were "down to our final 13 episodes after this season. We're heading into the final lap."[28][29] Benioff and Weiss stated that they were unable to produce 10 episodes in the show's usual 12 to 14 month time frame, as Weiss said, "It's crossing out of a television schedule into more of a mid-range movie schedule."[28] HBO confirmed in July 2016, that the seventh season would consist of seven episodes, and would premiere later than usual in mid-2017 because of the later filming schedule.[30] Benioff and Weiss later confirmed that the eighth season will consist of six episodes, and is expected to premiere later than usual for the same reason.[31]
Benioff and Weiss spoke about the end of the show, saying, "From the beginning we've wanted to tell a 70-hour movie. It will turn out to be a 73-hour movie, but it's stayed relatively the same of having the beginning, middle and now we're coming to the end. It would have been really tough if we lost any core cast members along the way, I'm very happy we've kept everyone and we get to finish it the way we want to."[31] The season is set to air in 2019.[7]
Music[edit]
Ramin Djawadi is set to return as the composer of the show for the eighth season.[32]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Hibberd, James (July 30, 2016). "Game of Thrones: HBO confirms season 8 will be last". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ Birnbaum, Debra (July 30, 2016). "HBO Confirms 'Game of Thrones' Will End With Eighth Season". Variety. Archived from the original on September 2, 2016. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ Hibberd, James (May 24, 2016). "George R.R. Martin revealed 3 huge shocks to Game of Thrones producers". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on August 21, 2016. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Hooton, Christopher (September 27, 2017). "Game of Thrones season 8: Directors revealed for all episodes". The Independent. Archived from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved October 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Chitwood, Adam (December 15, 2017). "'Justice League' DP Fabian Wagner on Zack Snyder's Cut, Superman's Black Suit & 'Game of Thrones'". Collider. Archived from the original on December 16, 2017. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Carson, Biz (March 12, 2017). "The final season of 'Game of Thrones' will only be six episodes". Business Insider. Archived from the original on April 12, 2017. Retrieved April 11, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Game of Thrones Will Return in 2019". HBO. Archived from the original on January 4, 2018. Retrieved January 4, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Goldberg, Lesley (June 21, 2016). "'Game of Thrones' Stars Score Hefty Pay Raises for Season 8". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on August 22, 2017. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Liam Cunningham (Davos) talks about the filming schedule for Game of Thrones Season 8". Winteriscoming.net. January 10, 2017. Archived from the original on August 28, 2017. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Thompson, Avery (February 15, 2017). "Sophie Turner Drops Massive Spoiler About Sansa Stark's Fate In Season 8". Hollywood Life. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Morton, Ashley (August 28, 2017). "Maisie Williams Thinks Arya Went Hunting for Trouble This Season". Making Off Game of Thrones. Archived from the original on September 16, 2017. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Shepherd, Jack (October 24, 2017). "Game of Thrones season 8 filming looks to be underway as cast members spotted in Belfast". The Independent. Archived from the original on October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bradley, John (August 29, 2017). "There's a new tag team in town. 💪 Hope you enjoyed season 7. Thanks for watching and we'll be back. The wait starts now. 😊 #gameofthrones #GOT". Instagram. Archived from the original on March 22, 2018. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bradley, Bill (August 30, 2017). "'Game Of Thrones' Actor Says Cut Scene Would've Explained Confusing Finale Moment". HuffPost. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bradley, Bill (August 28, 2017). "'Game Of Thrones' Actor Rory McCann Says He's Already Training For Cleganebowl". HuffPost. Archived from the original on March 22, 2018. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Comic Con Stockholm 2017 - Iain Glen Q&A". Youtube. October 5, 2017. Archived from the original on December 19, 2017. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kinkaid, Ben (January 5, 2018). "What News From Westeros? Everything we know about Game Of Thrones Season 8". GQ. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
Jump up ^ Stolworthy, Jacob (January 17, 2018). "Game of Thrones season 8: Melisandre return confirmed as fans theorise on character storyline". The Independent. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
Jump up ^ Nolan, Emma (January 21, 2018). "Game of Thrones season 8 cast: Who will be in the final series?". Daily Express. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
Jump up ^ Deen, Sarah (March 24, 2018). "Game Of Thrones star Joe Dempsie is scared he'll get drunk and reveal final season secrets". Metro. Retrieved March 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ McCreesh, Louise (November 6, 2017). "The Night's Watch WILL be in Game of Thrones season 8, confirms Lord Commander actor". Digital Spy. Archived from the original on December 6, 2017. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Medeiros, Madison (August 30, 2017). "Attention Cleganebowl Fans: The Hound & The Mountain Are Already Bashing Each Other IRL". Refinery29. Archived from the original on September 2, 2017. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Stolworthy, Jacob (October 18, 2017). "Game of Thrones season 8 casting announcement debunks fan theory". The Independent. Archived from the original on November 8, 2017. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Miller, Liz Shannon (August 28, 2017). "'Game of Thrones' Season 8: Everything We Know About the Final Season". Indiewire. Archived from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved October 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Morton, Ashley (March 13, 2017). "Everything You Missed From Game of Thrones at SXSW 2017". Making Game of Thrones. Archived from the original on June 6, 2017. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ James Hibberd, James Hibberd (June 2, 2017). "Game of Thrones: HBO clarifies prequels, final seasons plan". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on June 2, 2017. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ Shepherd, Jack (October 23, 2017). "Game of Thrones season 8 filming looks to be underway as cast members spotted in Belfast". The Independent. Archived from the original on October 24, 2017. Retrieved October 24, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Birnbaum, Debra (April 14, 2016). "'Game of Thrones' Creators Mull Shorter Final Seasons (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Archived from the original on August 21, 2016. Retrieved June 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Lesley (April 14, 2016). "'Game of Thrones' Considering Shorter Final Seasons". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on June 18, 2016. Retrieved June 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ Hibberd, James (July 18, 2016). "Game of Thrones: HBO announces summer return, 7 episodes". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on September 1, 2016. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Hibberd, James (March 12, 2017). "Game of Thrones producers confirm final season only 6 episodes". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on March 12, 2017. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bradley, Bill (January 26, 2017). "'Game Of Thrones' Composer Says You're Not Hearing What You Think You Are". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on January 26, 2017. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
External links[edit]
Game of Thrones – official US site
Game of Thrones – official UK site
Game of Thrones – The Viewers Guide on HBO.com
Making Game of Thrones on HBO.com
List of Game of Thrones episodes on IMDb
List of Game of Thrones episodes at TV.com
[show]
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text:
I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas"
Single by Gayla Peevey
B-side
"Are My Ears on Straight?"
Released
November 11, 1953 (U.S.)
Genre
Christmas, Novelty
Length
2:38
Label
Columbia (no. 4-40106)
Songwriter(s)
John Rox
"I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas" is a Christmas novelty song written by John Rox (1902–1957)[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] and performed by Gayla Peevey (10 years old at the time) in 1953. The song peaked at number 24 on Billboard magazine's pop chart in December 1953.[8]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 B-side
3 Other releases
4 Notes
5 External links
History[edit]
Peevey was a child star (born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma), before her family moved to Ponca City, Oklahoma, when she was five.[9] When released nationally by Columbia Records the song shot to the top of the charts, and the city zoo acquired a baby hippo named Matilda.
Peevey was filmed performing the song on The Ed Sullivan Show in October 1953, airing on November 15, 1953. A video of this performance is available on her website.[10]
A popular legend holds that this 1953 hit had been recorded as a fundraiser to bring the city zoo a hippo; but in a 2007 radio interview with Detroit-based WNIC radio station, Peevey clarified that the song was not originally recorded as a fundraiser. Instead, a local promoter picked up on the popularity of the song and Peevey's local roots, and launched a campaign to present her with an actual hippopotamus on Christmas.
The campaign succeeded, and she was presented with an actual hippopotamus, which she donated to the city zoo. The hippopotamus lived for nearly 50 years.[11] Peevey, by this point 73 years old, was again present when the Oklahoma City Zoo acquired a rare pygmy hippopotamus in 2017.[12]
Gayla Peevey later recorded as Jamie Horton, scoring the Billboard Hot 100-charter "My Little Marine" in 1960.
B-side[edit]
The B-side of the original 78 featured the song "Are my Ears on Straight?"[13]
Other releases[edit]
It is a Dr. Demento Christmas staple, and is currently available on Dr. Demento's The Greatest Novelty Records of All Time Vol. 6: Christmas.
A version by Vicki Dale and the Peter Pan Orchestra was released in 1953.[14]
The Three Stooges also recorded a version in 1959.[15]
Bob Keeshan, as Captain Kangaroo, recorded a version of the song in the 1960s.[when?]
Captain & Tennille included a version on their 2007 album The Secret of Christmas, and it was released as a single the same year.
The American pop band Jonas Brothers covered the song live in 2007 at the Radio Disney Jingle Jam in Katy, Texas.
In the 2007 Sesame Street Christmas special "Elmo's Christmas Countdown", Big Bird sang a duet of the song with Anne Hathaway. However, in that version, they replaced hippopotamus with Snuffleupagus.
Country music singer Gretchen Wilson recorded a rendition in late 2009. It debuted at No. 54 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts dated for January 2, 2010. It is included on her album Christmas in My Heart, released in 2013.
American recording artist LeAnn Rimes released her cover of the song as a digital single[16] for her EP, One Christmas: Chapter 1 (2014).[17]
In 2016, country music artist Kacey Musgraves recorded a version for her album A Very Kacey Christmas.
A version was also recorded by the British entertainer Terry Hall and his puppet Lenny The Lion.[citation needed]
Lake Street Dive recorded a version on Holidays Rule (Vol. 2) released on October 13, 2017 by Capitol Records, UMG Recordings.[18]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "Local Song Writer Dies", The Winterset Madisonian (Winterset, Iowa), August 14, 1957.
Jump up ^ "Alice Pearce's Nuptials", The New York Times, May 23, 1948, p. 65.
Jump up ^ "John R. Rox" [sic], The New York Times, August 6, 1957, p. 26.
Jump up ^ "John J. Rox, Song Writer", The Washington Post, August 8, 1957, p. B-2.
Jump up ^ "John Jefferson Rox" in Notable Names in the American Theatre. James T. White & Co., 1976. ISBN 0-88371-018-8.
Jump up ^ Renewal registration RE0000084409, February 23, 1981, of "I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas", by John Jefferson Rox, U.S. Copyright Office database on-line.
Jump up ^ John J. Rox in: National Archives and Records Administration. U.S. World War II Army Enlistment Records, 1938–1946 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: The Generations Network, Inc., 2005.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). Christmas in the Charts (1920–2004). Wisconsin: Record Research Inc. p. 53. ISBN 0-89820-161-6.
Jump up ^ Gayla Peevey biography
Jump up ^ "The Ed Sullivan Show". The official site by Gayla Peevey. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Breakfast Club" morning show. WNIC, Detroit, MI. December 19, 2007.
Jump up ^ "'I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas' Singer Welcomes Hippo to Oklahoma City Zoo". Associated Press. December 12, 2017. Retrieved December 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Christmas Music Coundown: Day 9.5", The Portland Mercury. December 15, 2010. Retrieved November 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ Dale, Vicki; The Peter Pan Orchestra (1953). I Want A Hippopotamus For Christmas (FLAC, MP3, Ogg)|format= requires |url= (help) (78 rpm record). Peter Pan Records. Recording on the Internet Archive.
Jump up ^ "The Three Stooges – Records". Retrieved May 6, 2009.
Jump up ^ "I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas - Single by LeAnn Rimes". iTunes Store. Apple Inc. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ Conaway, Alanna (August 8, 2014). "LeAnn Rimes Has a New Album, a New Reality TV Show and a New Attitude (2014)". Country Weekly. American Media, Inc. Retrieved October 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Holiday Rules (Vol 2)". Track 11 I Want a Hippopotamus For Christmas. Apple Inc. Retrieved October 28, 2017.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_Want_a_Hippopotamus_for_Christmas&oldid=818171646"
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Better Angels (The Walking Dead)
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"Better Angels"
The Walking Dead episode
Carl aims his gun at a re-animated Shane, who slowly walks towards Rick.
Episode no.
Season 2
Episode 12
Directed by
Guy Ferland
Written by
Evan Reilly
Glen Mazzara
Original air date
March 11, 2012 (2012-03-11)
Guest appearance(s)
IronE Singleton as Theodore "T-Dog" Douglas
Lauren Cohan as Maggie Greene
Emily Kinney as Beth Greene
Michael Zegen as Randall Culver
Scott Wilson as Hershel Greene
Jane McNeill as Patricia
James Allen McCune as Jimmy
Episode chronology
← Previous
"Judge, Jury, Executioner" Next →
"Beside the Dying Fire"
The Walking Dead (season 2)
List of The Walking Dead episodes
"Better Angels" is the twelfth episode of the second season and 18th episode overall of the post-apocalyptic horror television series The Walking Dead, which aired on AMC in the United States and Canada on March 11, 2012.
Following the death of Dale Horvath in the previous episode, this episode presents a shift in attitudes amongst the group members. This episode features the death of Shane Walsh (Jon Bernthal). This episode explores the depths of Shane's antagonistic behavior culminating in his murder of Randall (Michael Zegen) and ultimately a fatal confrontation with Rick where he meets his own untimely demise.
Dale's death also influences the character development of Carl Grimes who has shown increased maturity in confronting the reality of the death of people close to him and the consequences of his actions. This mental growth is displayed when he properly uses his gun to dispatch a zombified Shane and save his father's life.
As creator Robert Kirkman describes: "That scene right there, Carl would never have had the strength to pull the trigger and save his father from Shane zombie if he hadn’t had that ordeal with Dale and felt responsible for killing Dale because he wasn’t able to shoot that zombie".[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Production
3 Reception
3.1 Critical response
3.2 Ratings
4 References
5 External links
Plot[edit]
Dale Horvath's death has profoundly impacted the group cohesion. Rick Grimes (Andrew Lincoln), reflecting back on Dale's last words that the group is "broken," abandons Randall's (Michael Zegen) execution and plans to release the boy. Hershel Greene (Scott Wilson) allows the group to stay as winter approaches, and they help to gather supplies and secure the property from walkers. A guilt-ridden Carl Grimes (Chandler Riggs) discloses his role in the events surrounding Dale's death, and Rick helps to console him.
Shane Walsh (Jon Bernthal) is left speechless after Lori Grimes (Sarah Wayne Callies) expresses all of her feelings to Shane, including uncertainty, regret, and appreciation toward her former lover in an attempt to keep him stationed with the group. Shane sneaks into the barn, and takes Randall at gunpoint out into the woods. There, he breaks Randall's neck, killing him, and then smashes his own face against a tree and hides his gun.
Shane returns just as Randall's absence is discovered. Shane lies that Randall had escaped and overpowered him before running into the woods. Rick, Shane, Daryl (Norman Reedus), and Glenn (Steven Yeun) set off to find Randall. They split up, with Shane leading Rick in one direction. Daryl and Glenn discover Randall, now reanimated as a walker, which they dispatch before investigating the body and finding he died from the broken neck, but had not suffered any bite marks from a walker. They question how Randall had become a walker.
Meanwhile, Shane continues to lead Rick back towards the farm, but Rick has grown suspicious that Shane wants to assassinate him. Shane draws his gun on Rick, but Rick refuses to engage, challenging Shane to kill an unarmed man. Rick continues to talk to Shane, allowing him to get close enough to stab Shane in the chest. Shane collapses and dies, as Rick grieves for his lost friend. As he is mourning, Carl walks up, and then aims his gun towards Rick. Rick thinks Carl is upset that he killed Shane and tries to plea with him. Rick is surprised when Carl fires at the re-animated body of Shane that was advancing on Rick from behind, killing him.
Unbeknownst to them, Carl's gunshot has attracted the attention of a horde of walkers in the nearby woods that start to advance on their location.
Production[edit]
Jon Bernthal made his final regular appearance in this episode after his character is killed by Rick and Carl.
"Better Angels" was directed by Guy Ferland and written by Evan Reilly and showrunner Glen Mazzara. The episode features the death of Shane Walsh, who was stabbed in the chest by Rick Grimes. Subsequently, Shane reanimates into a zombie and is later shot in the head by Carl Grimes. Initial talks of killing off the character commenced before the auditioning process of the series. Because of the short length of the first season of The Walking Dead, producers decided to retain the idea until the following season.[2] Writer Robert Kirkman remarked: "We knew from Day 1 when we sat down in the writers' room to pull out the second season that this was going to be the season that Shane died. It was always about working toward that and building up that character and setting up this confrontation between Rick and Shane."[2] Jon Bernthal admitted that he had no coaching prior to the scene, and said that many of the writers and cast members were divided on how to execute the sequence.[3] "There was a lot of discussion going back and forth, a lot of arguing going back and forth on what that last scene actually should be — between myself and Andy and the writers. And everybody kind of got their own little say in what that last scene actually was."[3] In his interview with Entertainment Weekly, Bernthal recalled the production of the scene:
We shot that scene all night long. And the entire cast came out and spent the entire night out on that field to be there for the last scene, and Jeff DeMunn [...] actually had been gone. He lives on a farm in upstate New York, and he had flown down and surprised me to be there for my last scene, which just touched me. And like I said, there was a lot of feeling about the last scene. The writers wanted it to be one way, the actors wanted it one way, the producers wanted it to be another way, I think everybody just sort of had their idea of what that scene should be, and it was just Andy and I in the woods walking out together, and Andy and I turned to each other and said, "You know what, man, this is you and me. Let's do this for you and me.”[3]
Speculation related to Bernthal's release first surfaced in January 2012, when it was announced that he was negotiating with Frank Darabont to be a part of his upcoming television project L.A. Noir, which later became known as Mob City.[4]
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
Zack Handlen writing for The A.V. Club rated the episode A- on an A to F scale.[5] Eric Goldman at IGN gave the episode 8.5 out of 10.[6]
Ratings[edit]
Upon its initial broadcast on March 11, 2012, "Better Angels" was watched by estimated 6.89 million viewers,[7] up slightly from the previous episode.[8]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Sacks, Ethan. "‘The Walking Dead’ creator Robert Kirkman explains deaths of major characters serves purpose -- and leads to more dying". NEW YORK DAILY NEWS. Retrieved 14 March 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Goldberg, Lesley (March 11, 2012). "'The Walking Dead' Dissection: Robert Kirkman Dishes on 'Monumental Event'". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c Ross, Dalton (March 11, 2012). "Jon Bernthal (a.k.a. Shane) talks about the latest 'Walking Dead' shocker -- EXCLUSIVE". Entertainment Weekly. Time, Inc. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ Sneider, Jeff (January 22, 2012). "TNT eyes Jon Bernthal for 'Noir' pilot". Variety. Reed Business Information. Retrieved March 12, 2012.
Jump up ^ Handlen, Zack (March 11, 2012). "Better Angels". The A.V. Club. Onion Inc. Retrieved February 10, 2013.
Jump up ^ Goldman, Eric (March 11, 2012). "The Walking Dead: "Better Angels" Review". IGN. Retrieved February 10, 2013.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (March 13, 2012). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'The Walking Dead' Dominates, 'Oprah's Next Chapter' Sees Series High". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (March 6, 2012). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'The Walking Dead,' 'Storage Wars,' 'Army Wives,' 'Real Housewives' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
External links[edit]
Horror fiction portal
Television portal
"Better Angels" at AMC
"Better Angels" on IMDb
"Better Angels" at TV.com
[hide]
v
t
e
The Walking Dead episodes
Season 1
"Days Gone Bye"
"Guts"
"Tell It to the Frogs"
"Vatos"
"Wildfire"
"TS-19"
Season 2
"What Lies Ahead"
"Bloodletting"
"Save the Last One"
"Cherokee Rose"
"Chupacabra"
"Secrets"
"Pretty Much Dead Already"
"Nebraska"
"Triggerfinger"
"18 Miles Out"
"Judge, Jury, Executioner"
"Better Angels"
"Beside the Dying Fire"
Season 3
"Seed"
"Sick"
"Walk with Me"
"Killer Within"
"Say the Word"
"Hounded"
"When the Dead Come Knocking"
"Made to Suffer"
"The Suicide King"
"Home"
"I Ain't a Judas"
"Clear"
"Arrow on the Doorpost"
"Prey"
"This Sorrowful Life"
"Welcome to the Tombs"
Season 4
"30 Days Without an Accident"
"Infected"
"Isolation"
"Indifference"
"Internment"
"Live Bait"
"Dead Weight"
"Too Far Gone"
"After"
"Inmates"
"Claimed"
"Still"
"Alone"
"The Grove"
"Us"
"A"
Season 5
"No Sanctuary"
"Strangers"
"Four Walls and a Roof"
"Slabtown"
"Self Help"
"Consumed"
"Crossed"
"Coda"
"What Happened and What's Going On"
"Them"
"The Distance"
"Remember"
"Forget"
"Spend"
"Try"
"Conquer"
Season 6
"First Time Again"
"JSS"
"Thank You"
"Here's Not Here"
"Now"
"Always Accountable"
"Heads Up"
"Start to Finish"
"No Way Out"
"The Next World"
"Knots Untie"
"Not Tomorrow Yet"
"The Same Boat"
"Twice as Far"
"East"
"Last Day on Earth"
Season 7
"The Day Will Come When You Won't Be"
"The Well"
"The Cell"
"Service"
"Go Getters"
"Swear"
"Sing Me a Song"
"Hearts Still Beating"
"Rock in the Road"
"New Best Friends"
"Hostiles and Calamities"
"Say Yes"
"Bury Me Here"
"The Other Side"
"Something They Need"
"The First Day of the Rest of Your Life"
Season 8
"Mercy"
Webisodes
Torn Apart
Cold Storage
The Oath
Category
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Better_Angels_(The_Walking_Dead)&oldid=804213435"
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Intolerable Acts
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This article is part of a series about the
American Revolution
1765–1783
Origins[show]
Sugar Act
Currency Act
Quartering Acts
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The Intolerable Acts was the term used by American Patriots for a series of punitive laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 after the Boston Tea Party. The laws were meant to punish the Massachusetts colonists for their defiance in the Boston Tea Party protest in reaction to changes in taxation by the British to the detriment of Colonial goods. In Great Britain, these laws were referred to as the Coercive Acts.
The acts took away self-governance and historic rights of Massachusetts, triggering outrage and resistance in the Thirteen Colonies. They were key developments in the outbreak of the American Revolution in 1775.
Four of the acts were issued in direct response to the Boston Tea Party of December 1773. The British Parliament hoped these punitive measures would, by making an example of Massachusetts, reverse the trend of colonial resistance to parliamentary authority that had begun with the 1764 Sugar Act. A fifth act, the Quebec Act, enlarged the boundaries of what was then the Province of Quebec and instituted reforms generally favorable to the French Catholic inhabitants of the region; although unrelated to the other four Acts, it was passed in the same legislative session and seen by the colonists as one of the Intolerable Acts. The Patriots viewed the acts as an arbitrary violation of the rights of Massachusetts, and in September 1774 they organized the First Continental Congress to coordinate a protest. As tensions escalated, the American Revolutionary War broke out in April 1775, leading in July 1776 to the declaration of an independent United States of America.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Passage
3 The Acts
4 Effects
5 References
6 External links
Background[edit]
This Patriot cartoon depicting the Coercive Acts as the forcing of tea on a Native American woman (a symbol of the American colonies) was copied and distributed in the Thirteen Colonies.
Relations between the Thirteen Colonies and the British Parliament slowly but steadily worsened after the end of the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) in 1763. The war had plunged the British government deep into debt, and so the British Parliament enacted a series of measures to increase tax revenue from the colonies. Parliament believed that these acts, such as the Stamp Act of 1765 and the Townshend Acts of 1767, were legitimate means of having the colonies pay their fair share of the costs of maintaining the British Empire. Although protests led to the repeal of the Stamp and Townshend Acts, Parliament adhered to the position that it had the right to legislate for the colonies "in all cases whatsoever" in the Declaratory Act of 1766.
A further tension especially with the Southern colonies was the Somerset v Stewart ruling of 1772 in which chattel slavery of humans was found totally unsupported in common law and as England had no statute for it, unenforceable. As the "slave owner" concerned (Stewart) was from another British colony (Jamaica) this evolution ending slavery at common law was very disturbing to colonists travelling with servants.[1][better source needed].
Many colonists, either sincerely or with motives to avoid English imposed law as above, developed a different conception of the British Empire. Under the British Constitution, they argued, a British subject's property could not be taken from him (in the form of taxes) without his consent (in the form of representation in government). Therefore, because the colonies were not directly represented in Parliament, some colonists insisted that Parliament had no right to levy taxes upon them, a view expressed by the slogan "No taxation without representation." After the Townshend Acts, some colonial essayists took this line of thinking even further, and began to question whether Parliament had any legitimate jurisdiction in the colonies at all.[2] This question of the extent of Parliament's sovereignty in the colonies was the issue underlying what became the American Revolution.
Passage[edit]
On December 16, 1773, a group of Patriot colonists associated with the Sons of Liberty destroyed 342 chests of tea in Boston, Massachusetts, an act that came to be known as the Boston Tea Party. The colonists partook in this action because Parliament had passed the Tea Act, which granted the British East India Company a monopoly on tea sales in the colonies, thereby saving the company from bankruptcy. This made British tea less expensive, which Parliament thought would be a welcome change in the colonies. In addition, there was added a small tax on which the colonists were not allowed to give their consent, but the tea still remained less expensive even with the tax. Again, Parliament taxed the colonists without their representation. This angered the colonists. News of the Boston Tea Party reached England in January 1774. Parliament responded by passing four laws. Three of the laws were intended to directly punish Massachusetts. This was for destruction of private property, to restore British authority in Massachusetts, and to otherwise reform colonial government in America.
On April 22, 1774, Prime Minister Lord North defended the programme in the House of Commons, saying:
The Americans have tarred and feathered your subjects, plundered your merchants, burnt your ships, denied all obedience to your laws and authority; yet so clement and so long forbearing has our conduct been that it is incumbent on us now to take a different course. Whatever may be the consequences, we must risk something; if we do not, all is over.[3]
The Acts[edit]
The Boston Port Act, the first of the laws passed in 1774 in response to the Boston Tea Party. It closed the port of Boston until the colonists paid for the destroyed tea and until the king was satisfied that order had been restored. Colonists objected that the Port Act punished all of Boston rather than just the individuals who had destroyed the tea, and that they were being punished without having been given an opportunity to testify in their own defense.[4]
The Massachusetts Government Act provoked even more outrage than the Port Act because it unilaterally took away Massachusetts' charter and brought it under control of the British government. Under the terms of the Government Act, almost all positions in the colonial government were to be appointed by the governor, Parliament, or king. The act also severely limited the activities of town meetings in Massachusetts to one meeting a year, unless the Governor called for one. Colonists outside Massachusetts feared that their governments could now also be changed by the legislative fiat of Parliament.
The Administration of Justice Act allowed the Royal governor to order that trials of accused royal officials take place in Great Britain or elsewhere within the Empire if he decided that the defendant could not get a fair trial in Massachusetts. Although the act stipulated for witnesses to be reimbursed after having traveled at their own expense across the Atlantic, it was not stipulated that this would include reimbursement for lost earnings during the period for which they would be unable to work, leaving few with the ability to testify. George Washington called this the "Murder Act" because he believed that it allowed British officials to harass Americans and then escape justice.[5] Many colonists believed the act was unnecessary because British soldiers had been given a fair trial following the Boston Massacre in 1770.[citation needed]
The Quartering Act applied to all of the colonies, and sought to create a more effective method of housing British troops in America. In a previous act, the colonies had been required to provide housing for soldiers, but colonial legislatures had been uncooperative in doing so. The new Quartering Act allowed a governor to house soldiers in other buildings if suitable quarters were not provided. While many sources claim that the Quartering Act allowed troops to be billeted in occupied private homes, historian David Ammerman's 1974 study claimed that this is a myth, and that the act only permitted troops to be quartered in unoccupied buildings.[6]
Effects[edit]
Many colonists saw the Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) as a violation of their constitutional rights, their natural rights, and their colonial charters. They, therefore, viewed the acts as a threat to the liberties of all of British America, not just Massachusetts. Richard Henry Lee of Virginia, for example, described the acts as "a most wicked System for destroying the liberty of America."[7]
The citizens of Boston not only viewed this as an act of unnecessary and cruel punishment, but the Coercive Acts drew hatred toward Britain even further. As a result of the Coercive Acts, even more colonists turned against British rule.[8]
Great Britain hoped that the Coercive Acts would isolate radicals in Massachusetts and cause American colonists to concede the authority of Parliament over their elected assemblies. It was a calculated risk that backfired, however, because the harshness of some of the acts made it difficult for moderates in the colonies to speak in favor of Parliament.[9] The acts promoted sympathy for Massachusetts and encouraged colonists from the otherwise diverse colonies to form committees of correspondence which sent delegates to the First Continental Congress. The Continental Congress created the Continental Association, an agreement to boycott British goods. Additionally, it was decided that if the Coercive Acts were not reversed after a year, goods were to stop being exported to Great Britain as well. The Congress also pledged to support Massachusetts in case of attack, which meant that all of the colonies would become involved when the American Revolutionary War began at Lexington and Concord.[10]
References[edit]
Notes
Jump up ^ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somerset_v_Stewart#cite_note-j1599128-2
Jump up ^ Middlekauff, Glorious Cause, 241.
Jump up ^ Reid, Constitutional History, 13. For the complete quote in context, see William Cobbett et al., eds., The Parliamentary History of England: From the Earliest Period to the Year 1803 (London, 1813) 17:1280–1281.
Jump up ^ "1774: Parliament passes the Boston Port Act". History Channel. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Ammerman, In the Common Cause, 9.
Jump up ^ Ammerman, In the Common Cause, 10.
Jump up ^ Ammerman, In the Common Cause, 15.
Jump up ^ Gary B. Nash; Carter Smith (2007). Atlas Of American History. Infobase Publishing. p. 64. ISBN 9781438130132.
Jump up ^ Peter Knight (2003). Conspiracy Theories in American History: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 184–85. ISBN 9781576078129.
Jump up ^ Harlow G. Unger (2011). American Tempest: How the Boston Tea Party Sparked a Revolution. Da Capo Press. pp. 188–93. ISBN 0306819767.
Bibliography
Ammerman, David (1974). In the Common Cause: American Response to the Coercive Acts of 1774. New York: Norton.
Middlekauff, Robert (2005). The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution, 1763–1789 (Revised and expanded ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-516247-1.
Reid, John Phillip (2003). Constitutional History of the American Revolution: The Authority of Law. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0-299-11290-X.
Unger, Harlow G. (2011). American Tempest: How the Boston Tea Party Sparked a Revolution. Da Capo Press. pp. 188–93. ISBN 0306819767.
Further reading
Donoughue, Bernard (1964). British Politics and the American Revolution: The Path to War, 1773–1775. New York: St. Martin's Press.
Breen, T.H. (2010). American Insurgents, American Patriots: The Revolution of the People. New York: Hill and Wang.
External links[edit]
Primary documents[dead link] (British and American) relating to the Intolerable Acts, originally published in the American Archives and presented online by the Northern Illinois University Libraries, also Camden.
Text of the Boston Port Act
Text of the Massachusetts Government Act
Text of the Administration of Justice Act
Text of the Quartering Act
Text of the Quebec Act
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British law and the American Revolution
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