text:
Robert Bond
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This article is about the last premier of Newfoundland. For the USAF general, see Robert M. Bond.
The Right Honourable
Robert Bond
KCMG
1st Prime Minister of the Dominion of Newfoundland
In office
26 September 1907 – 2 March 1909
Monarch
Edward VII
Governor
William MacGregor
Preceded by
Position created
Succeeded by
Edward Morris
11th Premier of Newfoundland
In office
15 March 1900 – 26 September 1907
Monarch
Victoria,
Edward VII
Governor
Henry Edward McCallum,
Charles Cavendish Boyle,
William MacGregor
Preceded by
James Spearman Winter
Succeeded by
Position abolished
Personal details
Born
25 February 1857
St. John’s, Newfoundland
Died
16 March 1927
Whitbourne, Newfoundland
Nationality
Newfoundlander
Political party
Liberal
Sir Robert Bond, KCMG, PC (February 25, 1857 – March 16, 1927) was the last Premier of Newfoundland Colony from 1900 to 1907 and the first prime minister of the Dominion of Newfoundland from 1907 to 1909 after the 1907 Imperial Conference conferred dominion status on the island. He was born in St. John's, Newfoundland, as the son of merchant John Bond. Bond grew up in St. John's until 1872 when his father died and left the family a good deal of money. He went to England where he was educated and came back to Newfoundland and articled under Sir William Whiteway.
Contents
[hide]
1 Political career
2 Honours
3 References
4 External links
Political career[edit]
He got involved in politics in 1882 when he ran for the House of Assembly in Trinity Bay. He was speaker of the House of Assembly before the Whiteway government was defeated in 1885. When Whiteway came back into power in 1889; Bond was made Colonial Secretary. He tried to negotiate free trade with the United States but it failed because of Canada's objection.
The government was defeated by judicial means in 1894 but came back to power shortly after because of the bank crash of 1894. Bond became leader of the Liberal Party after Whiteway lost the 1897 election. He became Premier in 1900 after the Conservatives under Sir James Winter lost a vote of confidence. In 1902 he attended the Coronation of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra and the conference of Colonial Premiers in London.
As Premier he once again tried to negotiate free trade with the United States. It failed because of the objections of US senator Henry Cabot Lodge. Teddy Roosevelt tried to intervene but was not successful and it ended the friendship between the two nations. Relations between the United States and Newfoundland deteriorated to the point where in November 1905 in Bonne Bay local fisherman clashed with Americans trying to buy bait on shore. In 1904 Bond was re-elected with a clear majority. He went on to settle the French Shore issue which gave Newfoundland full control over the island. Following the 1907 Imperial Conference, Newfoundland and the other self-governing British colonies were given dominion status and Bond formally became the first prime minister of the Dominion of Newfoundland.
In 1907, his Attorney General Sir Edward Patrick Morris walked across the floor and started his own party called the Peoples Party. In the 1908 election the two parties came to a tie getting 18 seats each out of the 36 seats. Bond was asked by the Governor if he could form a government and said that he could not because he would have to elect a government member as Speaker. Morris was asked and said he could and was sworn in as Prime Minister. His government failed as soon as Parliament was convened.
In the 1909 election Morris won because he controlled government funds. Bond again led the Liberals into election in 1913 in an alliance with the Unionist Party of William Coaker. They failed to defeat Morris and Bond resigned as Liberal Leader in January 1914. In 1919 and again in 1923, the Liberals tried to persuade him to return. Bond responded with the prophetic response "If only I had the strength, how the fitters would fly; My poor country Newfoundland, the last stage". Bond died on his country estate in Whitbourne at the age of 70.
Honours[edit]
Bond received several honours during his premiership. On 24 October 1901 Bond was invested as a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) during the visit to St John’s of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York (later King George V and Queen Mary).[1] During his 1902 visit to London he was sworn a member of the Imperial Privy Council on 11 August 1902,[2] following an announcement of the King′s intention to make this appointment in the 1902 Coronation Honours list published in June that year.[3] He was given the freedom of the city of Edinburgh during a visit to the city on 26 July 1902,[4] and of the City of London, Manchester, and Bristol in 1907. When he visited Edinburgh in July 1902 ha was also awarded an honorary LL.D. by the University of Edinburgh.[4]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "No. 27369". The London Gazette. 29 October 1901. p. 6976.
Jump up ^ "No. 27464". The London Gazette. 12 August 1902. p. 5174.
Jump up ^ "The Coronation Honours". The Times (36804). London. 26 June 1902. p. 5.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Colonial Premiers in Edinburgh". The Times (36831). London. 28 July 1902. p. 4.
External links[edit]
Baker, Melvin; Neary, Peter (2005). "Bond, Sir Robert". In Cook, Ramsay; Bélanger, Réal. Dictionary of Canadian Biography. XV (1921–1930) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
Political offices
Preceded by
Sir James Spearman Winter Premier/Prime Minister of Newfoundland
1900–1909 Succeeded by
Sir Edward Patrick Morris
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Bond&oldid=816230749"
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List of Olympic medalists in figure skating
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir are the most decorated Olympic figure skaters with 3 gold and 2 silver medals.
Figure skating has been part of the Olympic Games since 1908 and has been included in 25 Olympic Games. There have been 271 medals (91 gold, 90 silver, and 90 bronze) awarded to figure skaters representing 29 representing National Olympic Committees. Six events have been contested but one, men's special figures, was discontinued after a single Olympics.
Canadian ice dancers Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir are the only figure skaters to win five Olympic medals (3 gold, 2 silver). Swedish figure skater Gillis Grafström (3 gold, 1 silver) and Russian figure skater Evgeni Plushenko (2 gold, 2 silver) each have four medals. Seventeen figure skaters have won three medals.
The only skaters with three consecutive titles are Grafström in men's singles, Sonja Henie (Norway) in ladies' singles, and Irina Rodnina (Soviet Union) in pairs. Sixteen figure skaters have earned two golds within the same discipline and five skaters have earned gold in two separate Olympic events.
On two occasions, there has been a podium sweep. Russian figure skaters hold the unique record for earning gold medals in all six Olympic figure skating events. Three skaters won Olympic medals in multiple figure skating disciplines.
Contents
[hide]
1 Medalists
1.1 Men's singles
1.2 Men's special figures
1.3 Ladies' singles
1.4 Pairs
1.5 Ice dancing
1.6 Team event
2 Multi-medalists
2.1 Most medals
2.2 Multiple golds
2.3 Multi-medalists by event
2.3.1 Men's singles
2.3.2 Ladies' singles
2.3.3 Pairs
2.3.4 Ice dancing
2.3.5 Team event
2.4 Multiple events
2.4.1 Two disciplines
2.4.2 One discipline plus team event
2.5 Summer and Winter Games
3 Country records
3.1 Winning streak
3.2 Events won
3.3 Podium sweeps
4 Medal totals by country
4.1 Men's singles
4.2 Men's special figures
4.3 Ladies' singles
4.4 Pairs
4.5 Ice dancing
4.6 Team event
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
Medalists[edit]
Men's singles[edit]
Ulrich Salchow of Sweden, creator of the Salchow jump, was the first Olympic champion in men's figure skating.
Russian Evgeni Plushenko won the 2006 singles title with a world record score.[1]
2014 Winter Olympics men's singles medalists, from left to right: Patrick Chan (silver), Yuzuru Hanyu (gold), and Denis Ten (bronze).
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze
1908 London
details Ulrich Salchow
Sweden Richard Johansson
Sweden Per Thorén
Sweden
1912 Stockholm not included in the Olympic program
1920 Antwerp
details Gillis Grafström
Sweden Andreas Krogh
Norway Martin Stixrud
Norway
1924 Chamonix
details Gillis Grafström
Sweden Willy Böckl
Austria Georges Gautschi
Switzerland
1928 St. Moritz
details Gillis Grafström
Sweden Willy Böckl
Austria Robert van Zeebroeck
Belgium
1932 Lake Placid
details Karl Schäfer
Austria Gillis Grafström
Sweden Montgomery Wilson
Canada
1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen
details Karl Schäfer
Austria Ernst Baier
Germany Felix Kaspar
Austria
1948 St. Moritz
details Dick Button
United States Hans Gerschwiler
Switzerland Edi Rada
Austria
1952 Oslo
details Dick Button
United States Helmut Seibt
Austria James Grogan
United States
1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo
details Hayes Alan Jenkins
United States Ronnie Robertson
United States David Jenkins
United States
1960 Squaw Valley
details David Jenkins
United States Karol Divín
Czechoslovakia Donald Jackson
Canada
1964 Innsbruck
details Manfred Schnelldorfer
United Team of Germany Alain Calmat
France Scott Allen
United States
1968 Grenoble
details Wolfgang Schwarz
Austria Timothy Wood
United States Patrick Péra
France
1972 Sapporo
details Ondrej Nepela
Czechoslovakia Sergei Chetverukhin
Soviet Union Patrick Péra
France
1976 Innsbruck
details John Curry
Great Britain Vladimir Kovalev
Soviet Union Toller Cranston
Canada
1980 Lake Placid
details Robin Cousins
Great Britain Jan Hoffmann
East Germany Charles Tickner
United States
1984 Sarajevo
details Scott Hamilton
United States Brian Orser
Canada Jozef Sabovčík
Czechoslovakia
1988 Calgary
details Brian Boitano
United States Brian Orser
Canada Viktor Petrenko
Soviet Union
1992 Albertville
details Viktor Petrenko
Unified Team Paul Wylie
United States Petr Barna
Czechoslovakia
1994 Lillehammer
details Alexei Urmanov
Russia Elvis Stojko
Canada Philippe Candeloro
France
1998 Nagano
details Ilia Kulik
Russia Elvis Stojko
Canada Philippe Candeloro
France
2002 Salt Lake City
details Alexei Yagudin
Russia Evgeni Plushenko
Russia Timothy Goebel
United States
2006 Torino
details Evgeni Plushenko
Russia Stéphane Lambiel
Switzerland Jeffrey Buttle
Canada
2010 Vancouver
details Evan Lysacek
United States Evgeni Plushenko
Russia Daisuke Takahashi
Japan
2014 Sochi
details Yuzuru Hanyu
Japan Patrick Chan
Canada Denis Ten
Kazakhstan
2018 Pyeongchang
details Yuzuru Hanyu
Japan Shoma Uno
Japan Javier Fernández
Spain
Men's special figures[edit]
Nikolai Panin of Russia, the sole winner of the special figures event
Men's special figures was only included in one Olympic Games before being discontinued. The sole winner of the event was Russian Nikolai Panin, who gave his country its first ever Olympic gold medal.[2]
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze
1908 London
details Nikolai Panin
Russian Empire Arthur Cumming
Great Britain Geoffrey Hall-Say
Great Britain
Ladies' singles[edit]
Norwegian Sonja Henie holds the record of three consecutive victories in the ladies' individual event (1928–1936).
East Germany's Katarina Witt won the 1988 ladies' singles gold medal, becoming the second female figure skater to win back-to-back Olympic titles.
Yuna Kim won the ladies' title in 2010 with world record scores for the short program, free skating and overall total.
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze
1908 London
details Madge Syers
Great Britain Elsa Rendschmidt
Germany Dorothy Greenhough-Smith
Great Britain
1920 Antwerp
details Magda Julin
Sweden Svea Norén
Sweden Theresa Weld
United States
1924 Chamonix
details Herma Szabo
Austria Beatrix Loughran
United States Ethel Muckelt
Great Britain
1928 St. Moritz
details Sonja Henie
Norway Fritzi Burger
Austria Beatrix Loughran
United States
1932 Lake Placid
details Sonja Henie
Norway Fritzi Burger
Austria Maribel Vinson
United States
1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen
details Sonja Henie
Norway Cecilia Colledge
Great Britain Vivi-Anne Hultén
Sweden
1948 St. Moritz
details Barbara Ann Scott
Canada Eva Pawlik
Austria Jeannette Altwegg
Great Britain
1952 Oslo
details Jeannette Altwegg
Great Britain Tenley Albright
United States Jacqueline du Bief
France
1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo
details Tenley Albright
United States Carol Heiss
United States Ingrid Wendl
Austria
1960 Squaw Valley
details Carol Heiss
United States Sjoukje Dijkstra
Netherlands Barbara Roles
United States
1964 Innsbruck
details Sjoukje Dijkstra
Netherlands Regine Heitzer
Austria Petra Burka
Canada
1968 Grenoble
details Peggy Fleming
United States Gabriele Seyfert
East Germany Hana Mašková
Czechoslovakia
1972 Sapporo
details Beatrix Schuba
Austria Karen Magnussen
Canada Janet Lynn
United States
1976 Innsbruck
details Dorothy Hamill
United States Dianne de Leeuw
Netherlands Christine Errath
East Germany
1980 Lake Placid
details Anett Pötzsch
East Germany Linda Fratianne
United States Dagmar Lurz
West Germany
1984 Sarajevo
details Katarina Witt
East Germany Rosalynn Sumners
United States Kira Ivanova
Soviet Union
1988 Calgary
details Katarina Witt
East Germany Elizabeth Manley
Canada Debi Thomas
United States
1992 Albertville
details Kristi Yamaguchi
United States Midori Ito
Japan Nancy Kerrigan
United States
1994 Lillehammer
details Oksana Baiul
Ukraine Nancy Kerrigan
United States Chen Lu
China
1998 Nagano
details Tara Lipinski
United States Michelle Kwan
United States Chen Lu
China
2002 Salt Lake City
details Sarah Hughes
United States Irina Slutskaya
Russia Michelle Kwan
United States
2006 Torino
details Shizuka Arakawa
Japan Sasha Cohen
United States Irina Slutskaya
Russia
2010 Vancouver
details Yuna Kim
South Korea Mao Asada
Japan Joannie Rochette
Canada
2014 Sochi
details Adelina Sotnikova
Russia Yuna Kim
South Korea Carolina Kostner
Italy
2018 Pyeongchang
details Alina Zagitova
Olympic Athletes from Russia Evgenia Medvedeva
Olympic Athletes from Russia Kaetlyn Osmond
Canada
Pairs[edit]
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze
1908 London
details Anna Hübler
and Heinrich Burger (GER) Phyllis Johnson
and James H. Johnson (GBR) Madge Syers
and Edgar Syers (GBR)
1912 Stockholm not included in the Olympic program
1920 Antwerp
details Ludowika Jakobsson
/ Walter Jakobsson (FIN) Alexia Bryn
and Yngvar Bryn (NOR) Phyllis Johnson
and Basil Williams (GBR)
1924 Chamonix
details Helene Engelmann
and Alfred Berger (AUT) Ludowika Jakobsson
and Walter Jakobsson (FIN) Andrée Joly
and Pierre Brunet (FRA)
1928 St. Moritz
details Andrée Joly
and Pierre Brunet (FRA) Lilly Scholz
and Otto Kaiser (AUT) Melitta Brunner
and Ludwig Wrede (AUT)
1932 Lake Placid
details Andrée Brunet
and Pierre Brunet (FRA) Beatrix Loughran
and Sherwin Badger (USA) Emília Rotter
and László Szollás (HUN)
1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen
details Maxi Herber
and Ernst Baier (GER) Ilse Pausin
and Erik Pausin (AUT) Emília Rotter
and László Szollás (HUN)
1948 St. Moritz
details Micheline Lannoy
and Pierre Baugniet (BEL) Andrea Kékesy
and Ede Király (HUN) Suzanne Morrow
and Wallace Diestelmeyer (CAN)
1952 Oslo
details Ria Falk
and Paul Falk (GER) Karol Kennedy
and Peter Kennedy (USA) Marianna Nagy
and László Nagy (HUN)
1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo
details Sissy Schwarz
and Kurt Oppelt (AUT) Frances Dafoe
and Norris Bowden (CAN) Marianna Nagy
and László Nagy (HUN)
1960 Squaw Valley
details Barbara Wagner
and Robert Paul (CAN) Marika Kilius
and Hans-Jürgen Bäumler (EUA) Nancy Ludington
and Ronald Ludington (USA)
1964 Innsbruck
details Ludmila Belousova
and Oleg Protopopov (URS) Marika Kilius
and Hans-Jürgen Bäumler (EUA)
Debbi Wilkes
and Guy Revell (CAN)[a] Vivian Joseph
and Ronald Joseph (USA)
1968 Grenoble
details Ludmila Belousova
and Oleg Protopopov (URS) Tatyana Zhuk
and Aleksandr Gorelik (URS) Margot Glockshuber
and Wolfgang Danne (FRG)
1972 Sapporo
details Irina Rodnina
and Alexei Ulanov (URS) Lyudmila Smirnova
and Andrei Suraikin (URS) Manuela Groß
and Uwe Kagelmann (GDR)
1976 Innsbruck
details Irina Rodnina
and Alexander Zaitsev (URS) Romy Kermer
and Rolf Österreich (GDR) Manuela Groß
and Uwe Kagelmann (GDR)
1980 Lake Placid
details Irina Rodnina
and Alexander Zaitsev (URS) Marina Cherkasova
and Sergei Shakhrai (URS) Manuela Mager
and Uwe Bewersdorf (GDR)
1984 Sarajevo
details Elena Valova
and Oleg Vasiliev (URS) Kitty Carruthers
and Peter Carruthers (USA) Larisa Selezneva
and Oleg Makarov (URS)
1988 Calgary
details Ekaterina Gordeeva
and Sergei Grinkov (URS) Elena Valova
and Oleg Vasiliev (URS) Jill Watson
and Peter Oppegard (USA)
1992 Albertville
details Natalia Mishkutenok
and Artur Dmitriev (EUN) Elena Bechke
and Denis Petrov (EUN) Isabelle Brasseur
and Lloyd Eisler (CAN)
1994 Lillehammer
details Ekaterina Gordeeva
and Sergei Grinkov (RUS) Natalia Mishkutenok
and Artur Dmitriev (RUS) Isabelle Brasseur
and Lloyd Eisler (CAN)
1998 Nagano
details Oksana Kazakova
and Artur Dmitriev (RUS) Elena Berezhnaya
and Anton Sikharulidze (RUS) Mandy Wötzel
and Ingo Steuer (GER)
2002 Salt Lake City
details Elena Berezhnaya
and Anton Sikharulidze (RUS)
Jamie Salé
and David Pelletier (CAN) None awarded[b] Shen Xue
and Zhao Hongbo (CHN)
2006 Torino
details Tatiana Totmianina
and Maxim Marinin (RUS) Zhang Dan
and Zhang Hao (CHN) Shen Xue
and Zhao Hongbo (CHN)
2010 Vancouver
details Shen Xue
and Zhao Hongbo (CHN) Pang Qing
and Tong Jian (CHN) Aliona Savchenko
and Robin Szolkowy (GER)
2014 Sochi
details Tatiana Volosozhar
and Maxim Trankov (RUS) Ksenia Stolbova
and Fedor Klimov (RUS) Aliona Savchenko
and Robin Szolkowy (GER)
2018 Pyeongchang
details Aliona Savchenko
and Bruno Massot (GER) Sui Wenjing
and Han Cong (CHN) Meagan Duhamel
and Eric Radford (CAN)
Ice dancing[edit]
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze
1976 Innsbruck
details Lyudmila Pakhomova
and Aleksandr Gorshkov (URS) Irina Moiseyeva
and Andrei Minenkov (URS) Colleen O'Connor
and James Millns (USA)
1980 Lake Placid
details Natalia Linichuk
and Gennadi Karponossov (URS) Krisztina Regőczy
and András Sallay (HUN) Irina Moiseyeva
and Andrei Minenkov (URS)
1984 Sarajevo
details Jayne Torvill
and Christopher Dean (GBR) Natalia Bestemianova
and Andrei Bukin (URS) Marina Klimova
and Sergei Ponomarenko (URS)
1988 Calgary
details Natalia Bestemianova
and Andrei Bukin (URS) Marina Klimova
and Sergei Ponomarenko (URS) Tracy Wilson
and Robert McCall (CAN)
1992 Albertville
details Marina Klimova
and Sergei Ponomarenko (EUN) Isabelle Duchesnay
and Paul Duchesnay (FRA) Maya Usova
and Alexander Zhulin (EUN)
1994 Lillehammer
details Oksana Grishuk
and Evgeny Platov (RUS) Maya Usova
and Alexander Zhulin (RUS) Jayne Torvill
and Christopher Dean (GBR)
1998 Nagano
details Oksana Grishuk
and Evgeny Platov (RUS) Anjelika Krylova
and Oleg Ovsyannikov (RUS) Marina Anissina
and Gwendal Peizerat (FRA)
2002 Salt Lake City
details Marina Anissina
and Gwendal Peizerat (FRA) Irina Lobacheva
and Ilia Averbukh (RUS) Barbara Fusar-Poli
and Maurizio Margaglio (ITA)
2006 Torino
details Tatiana Navka
and Roman Kostomarov (RUS) Tanith Belbin
and Benjamin Agosto (USA) Elena Grushina
and Ruslan Goncharov (UKR)
2010 Vancouver
details Tessa Virtue
and Scott Moir (CAN) Meryl Davis
and Charlie White (USA) Oksana Domnina
and Maxim Shabalin (RUS)
2014 Sochi
details Meryl Davis
and Charlie White (USA) Tessa Virtue
and Scott Moir (CAN) Elena Ilinykh
and Nikita Katsalapov (RUS)
2018 Pyeongchang
details Tessa Virtue
and Scott Moir (CAN) Gabriella Papadakis
and Guillaume Cizeron (FRA) Maia Shibutani
and Alex Shibutani (USA)
Team event[edit]
The team event is the newest Olympic figure skating event, first contested in the 2014 Games. It combines the four Olympic figure skating disciplines (men's singles, ladies' singles, pairs, and ice dancing) into a single event with the team earning the most placement points winning gold.
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze
2014 Sochi
details Russia (RUS)
Evgeni Plushenko
Yulia Lipnitskaya
Ksenia Stolbova
Fedor Klimov
Elena Ilinykh
Nikita Katsalapov
Tatiana Volosozhar
Maxim Trankov
Ekaterina Bobrova
Dmitri Soloviev Canada (CAN)
Patrick Chan
Kevin Reynolds
Kaetlyn Osmond
Meagan Duhamel
Eric Radford
Kirsten Moore-Towers
Dylan Moscovitch
Tessa Virtue
Scott Moir
United States (USA)
Jeremy Abbott
Jason Brown
Ashley Wagner
Gracie Gold
Marissa Castelli
Simon Shnapir
Meryl Davis
Charlie White
2018 Pyeongchang
details Canada (CAN)
Patrick Chan
Kaetlyn Osmond
Gabrielle Daleman
Meagan Duhamel
Eric Radford
Tessa Virtue
Scott Moir
Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR)
Mikhail Kolyada
Evgenia Medvedeva
Alina Zagitova
Evgenia Tarasova
Vladimir Morozov
Natalia Zabiiako
Alexander Enbert
Ekaterina Bobrova
Dmitri Soloviev
United States (USA)
Nathan Chen
Adam Rippon
Bradie Tennell
Mirai Nagasu
Alexa Scimeca Knierim
Chris Knierim
Maia Shibutani
Alex Shibutani
Multi-medalists[edit]
Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir are the most decorated Olympic figure skaters with 5 medals.
Ice dancers Marina Klimova and Sergei Ponomarenko won a bronze medal in 1984, improved to a silver in 1988, and capped their Olympic appearances with a gold in 1992.
Russian ice dancing pair Oksana Grishuk and Evgeny Platov won the 1994 and 1998 Olympic titles.
Most medals[edit]
Gillis Grafström earned the most medals in a single event: four medals, three of which gold, in men's singles. The only other skaters to have earned three golds in a single discipline are Sonja Henie in ladies' singles and Irina Rodnina in pairs.
Counting multiple events, Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir hold the record for the most medals, with a total of five medals including two golds in ice dancing and a team event gold. Evgeni Plushenko earned four medals, including a gold in men's singles and a team event gold.
Figure skaters who won three or more medal at the Olympics are listed below:[6]
Athlete
Nation
Events
Olympics
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
Virtue, TessaTessa Virtue / Moir, ScottScott Moir Canada (CAN) ice dancing & team 2010–2018 3 2 0 5
Grafström, GillisGillis Grafström Sweden (SWE) men's singles 1920–1932 3 1 0 4
Henie, SonjaSonja Henie Norway (NOR) ladies' singles 1928–1936 3 0 0 3
Rodnina, IrinaIrina Rodnina[c] Soviet Union (URS) pairs 1972–1980 3 0 0 3
Plushenko, EvgeniEvgeni Plushenko Russia (RUS) men's singles & team 2002–2014 2 2 0 4
Dmitriev, ArturArtur Dmitriev[d] Unified Team (EUN)
Russia (RUS) pairs 1992–1998 2 1 0 3
Brunet, AndréeAndrée Brunet / Brunet, PierrePierre Brunet France (FRA) pairs 1924–1932 2 0 1 3
Chan, PatrickPatrick Chan Canada (CAN) men's singles & team 2014–2018 1 2 0 3
Klimova, MarinaMarina Klimova / Ponomarenko, SergeiSergei Ponomarenko Soviet Union (URS)
Unified Team (EUN) ice dancing 1984–1992 1 1 1 3
Davis, MerylMeryl Davis / White, CharlieCharlie White United States (USA) ice dancing & team 2010–2014 1 1 1 3
Meagan Duhamel !Meagan Duhamel / Eric Radford !Eric Radford Canada (CAN) pairs & team 2014–2018 1 1 1 3
Kaetlyn Osmond !Kaetlyn Osmond Canada (CAN) ladies' singles & team 2014–2018 1 1 1 3
Shen Xue !Shen Xue / Zhao Hongbo !Zhao Hongbo China (CHN) pairs 2002–2010 1 0 2 3
Savchenko, AlionaAliona Savchenko[e] Germany (GER) pairs 2010–2018 1 0 2 3
Loughran, BeatrixBeatrix Loughran United States (USA) ladies' singles & pairs 1924–1932 0 2 1 3
Multiple golds[edit]
Swedish Gillis Grafström, is a three-time Olympic figure skating gold medalist in the men's singles.
The only skaters with three consecutive titles are Gillis Grafström in men's singles, Sonja Henie in ladies' singles, and Irina Rodnina in pairs. The most consecutive titles in ice dance is two, which has only been achieved by Oksana Grishuk and Evgeny Platov. In addition, one ladies' singles skater, three men's singles skaters, and five pairs skaters have earned consecutive titles. Two ice dancers and three pair skaters have earned non-consecutive titles.
Five skaters have won Olympic gold medals in multiple events. Evgeni Plushenko won gold in men's singles in 2006 and team event gold in 2014. Tatiana Volosozhar and Maxim Trankov were the first skaters to win multiple events at a single Olympics, winning both pairs and team event. Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir matched this feat four years later, earning golds in ice dancing and team event.
Athlete
Nation
Olympics
Golds
Event(s)
Grafström, GillisGillis Grafström Sweden (SWE) 1920–1928 3 men's singles
Henie, SonjaSonja Henie Norway (NOR) 1928–1936 3 ladies' singles
Rodnina, IrinaIrina Rodnina[c] Soviet Union (URS) 1972–1980 3 pairs
Virtue, TessaTessa Virtue / Moir, ScottScott Moir Canada (CAN) 2010, 2018 3 2 in ice dancing (2010, 2018)
1 in team event (2018)
Schäfer, KarlKarl Schäfer Austria (AUT) 1932–1936 2 men's singles
Button, DickDick Button United States (USA) 1948–1952 2 men's singles
Hanyu, YuzuruYuzuru Hanyu Japan (JPN) 2014–2018 2 men's singles
Plushenko, EvgeniEvgeni Plushenko Russia (RUS) 2006, 2014 2 1 in men's singles (2006)
1 in team event (2014)
Witt, KatarinaKatarina Witt East Germany (GDR) 1984–1988 2 ladies' singles
Brunet, AndréeAndrée Brunet / Brunet, PierrePierre Brunet France (FRA) 1928–1932 2 pairs
Belousova, LudmilaLudmila Belousova / Protopopov, OlegOleg Protopopov Soviet Union (URS) 1964–1968 2 pairs
Zaitsev, AlexanderAlexander Zaitsev[c] Soviet Union (URS) 1976–1980 2 pairs
Gordeeva, EkaterinaEkaterina Gordeeva / Grinkov, SergeiSergei Grinkov Soviet Union (URS)
Russia (RUS) 1988, 1994 2 pairs
Dmitriev, ArturArtur Dmitriev[d] Unified Team (EUN)
Russia (RUS) 1992, 1998 2 pairs
Volosozhar, TatianaTatiana Volosozhar / Trankov, MaximMaxim Trankov Russia (RUS) 2014 2 1 in pairs
1 in team event
Grishuk, OksanaOksana Grishuk / Platov, EvgenyEvgeny Platov Russia (RUS) 1994–1998 2 ice dancing
Multi-medalists by event[edit]
Sonja Henie and Karl Schäfer won a combined five Olympic titles.
Men's singles[edit]
Athlete
Nation
Olympics
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
Grafström, GillisGillis Grafström Sweden (SWE) 1920–1932 3 1 0 4
Schäfer, KarlKarl Schäfer Austria (AUT) 1932–1936 2 0 0 2
Button, DickDick Button United States (USA) 1948–1952 2 0 0 2
Hanyu, YuzuruYuzuru Hanyu Japan (JPN) 2014–2018 2 0 0 2
Plushenko, EvgeniEvgeni Plushenko Russia (RUS) 2002–2014 1 2 0 3
Jenkins, DavidDavid Jenkins United States (USA) 1956–1960 1 0 1 2
Petrenko, ViktorViktor Petrenko Soviet Union (URS)
Unified Team (EUN) 1988–1992 1 0 1 2
Böckl, WillyWilly Böckl Austria (AUT) 1924–1928 0 2 0 2
Orser, BrianBrian Orser Canada (CAN) 1984–1988 0 2 0 2
Stojko, ElvisElvis Stojko Canada (CAN) 1994–1998 0 2 0 2
Péra, PatrickPatrick Péra France (FRA) 1968–1972 0 0 2 2
Candeloro, PhilippePhilippe Candeloro France (FRA) 1994–1998 0 0 2 2
Ladies' singles[edit]
Athlete
Nation
Olympics
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
Henie, SonjaSonja Henie Norway (NOR) 1928–1936 3 0 0 3
Witt, KatarinaKatarina Witt East Germany (GDR) 1984–1988 2 0 0 2
Albright, TenleyTenley Albright United States (USA) 1952–1956 1 1 0 2
Heiss, CarolCarol Heiss United States (USA) 1956–1960 1 1 0 2
Dijkstra, SjoukjeSjoukje Dijkstra Netherlands (NED) 1960–1964 1 1 0 2
Kim, YunaYuna Kim South Korea (KOR) 2010–2014 1 1 0 2
Altwegg, JeannetteJeannette Altwegg Great Britain (GBR) 1948–1952 1 0 1 2
Burger, FritziFritzi Burger Austria (AUT) 1928–1932 0 2 0 2
Loughran, BeatrixBeatrix Loughran United States (USA) 1924–1928 0 1 1 2
Kerrigan, NancyNancy Kerrigan United States (USA) 1992–1994 0 1 1 2
Kwan, MichelleMichelle Kwan United States (USA) 1998–2002 0 1 1 2
Slutskaya, IrinaIrina Slutskaya Russia (RUS) 2002–2006 0 1 1 2
Chen, Lu !Chen Lu China (CHN) 1994–1998 0 0 2 2
Pairs[edit]
Athlete
Nation
Olympics
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
Rodnina, IrinaIrina Rodnina[c] Soviet Union (URS) 1972–1980 3 0 0 3
Dmitriev, ArturArtur Dmitriev[d] Unified Team (EUN)
Russia (RUS) 1992–1998 2 1 0 3
Brunet, AndréeAndrée Brunet / Brunet, PierrePierre Brunet France (FRA) 1924–1932 2 0 1 3
Belousova, LudmilaLudmila Belousova / Protopopov, OlegOleg Protopopov Soviet Union (URS) 1964–1968 2 0 0 2
Zaitsev, AlexanderAlexander Zaitsev[c] Soviet Union (URS) 1976–1980 2 0 0 2
Gordeeva, EkaterinaEkaterina Gordeeva / Grinkov, SergeiSergei Grinkov Soviet Union (URS)
Russia (RUS) 1988, 1994 2 0 0 2
Jakobsson, LudowikaLudowika Jakobsson / Jakobsson, WalterWalter Jakobsson Finland (FIN) 1920–1924 1 1 0 2
Mishkutenok, NataliaNatalia Mishkutenok[d] Unified Team (EUN)
Russia (RUS) 1992–1994 1 1 0 2
Berezhnaya, ElenaElena Berezhnaya / Sikharulidze, AntonAnton Sikharulidze Russia (RUS) 1998–2002 1 1 0 2
Shen, Xue !Shen Xue / Zhao, Hongbo !Zhao Hongbo China (CHN) 2002–2010 1 0 2 3
Savchenko, AlionaAliona Savchenko[e] Germany (GER) 2010–2018 1 0 2 3
Kilius, MarikaMarika Kilius / Bäumler, Hans-JürgenHans-Jürgen Bäumler United Team of Germany (EUA) 1960–1964 0 2 0 2
Johnson, PhyllisPhyllis Johnson[f] Great Britain (GBR) 1908–1920 0 1 1 2
Rotter, EmíliaEmília Rotter / Szollás, LászlóLászló Szollás Hungary (HUN) 1932–1936 0 0 2 2
Nagy, MariannaMarianna Nagy / Nagy, LászlóLászló Nagy Hungary (HUN) 1952–1956 0 0 2 2
Groß, ManuelaManuela Groß / Kagelmann, UweUwe Kagelmann East Germany (GDR) 1972–1976 0 0 2 2
Brasseur, IsabelleIsabelle Brasseur / Eisler, LloydLloyd Eisler Canada (CAN) 1992–1994 0 0 2 2
Szolkowy, RobinRobin Szolkowy[e] Germany (GER) 2010–2014 0 0 2 2
Ice dancing[edit]
Athlete
Nation
Olympics
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
Virtue, TessaTessa Virtue / Moir, ScottScott Moir Canada (CAN) 2010–2018 2 1 0 3
Grishuk, OksanaOksana Grishuk / Platov, EvgenyEvgeny Platov Russia (RUS) 1994–1998 2 0 0 2
Klimova, MarinaMarina Klimova / Ponomarenko, SergeiSergei Ponomarenko Soviet Union (URS)
Unified Team (EUN) 1984–1992 1 1 1 3
Bestemianova, NataliaNatalia Bestemianova / Bukin, AndreiAndrei Bukin Soviet Union (URS) 1984–1988 1 1 0 2
Davis, MerylMeryl Davis / White, CharlieCharlie White United States (USA) 2010–2014 1 1 0 2
Torvill, JayneJayne Torvill / Dean, ChristopherChristopher Dean Great Britain (GBR) 1984, 1994 1 0 1 2
Anissina, MarinaMarina Anissina / Peizerat, GwendalGwendal Peizerat France (FRA) 1998–2002 1 0 1 2
Usova, MayaMaya Usova / Zhulin, AlexanderAlexander Zhulin Unified Team (EUN)
Russia (RUS) 1992–1994 0 1 1 2
Team event[edit]
Athlete
Nation
Olympics
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
Bobrova, EkaterinaEkaterina Bobrova / Soloviev, DmitriDmitri Soloviev Russia (RUS)
Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR) 2014–2018 1 1 0 2
Chan, PatrickPatrick Chan
Osmond, KaetlynKaetlyn Osmond
Duhamel, MeaganMeagan Duhamel / Radford, EricEric Radford
Virtue, TessaTessa Virtue / Moir, ScottScott Moir Canada (CAN) 2014–2018 1 1 0 2
Multiple events[edit]
Only three skaters have won Olympic medals in multiple figure skating disciplines. All other multi-event medalists won medals in their discipline plus the team event (which, while being a separate event, is not considered its own skating discipline).
Two disciplines[edit]
In 1908, Madge Syers became the first skater to medal in multiple figure skating disciplines at a single Olympics. The only skater to match this feat was Ernst Baier in 1936. The only other skater to medal in multiple disciplines was Beatrix Loughran who did so at separate Olympics.
No skater has won gold medals in multiple disciplines.
Athlete
Nation
Disciplines
Olympics
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
Baier, ErnstErnst Baier Germany (GER) men's singles
pairs 1936 0
1 1
0 0
0 2
Syers, MadgeMadge Syers Great Britain (GBR) ladies' singles
pairs 1908 1
0 0
0 0
1 2
Loughran, BeatrixBeatrix Loughran United States (USA) ladies' singles
pairs 1924–1928
1932 0
0 1
1 1
0 3
One discipline plus team event[edit]
The team event was introduced at the 2014 Winter Olympics. It allowed skaters to medal twice while skating one discipline.
On 9 February 2014, Evgeni Plushenko became the first skater to win multiple figure skating events. On 12 February 2014, Tatiana Volosozhar and Maxim Trankov became the first skaters to win multiple events at a single Olympics. Four years later, Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir matched this feat.
The below table lists all skaters who have medaled in their own discipline and in the team event. (Team event medals are indicated by "T" in the gold, silver, and bronze columns.)
Athlete
Nation
Discipline
Olympics
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
Virtue, TessaTessa Virtue / Moir, ScottScott Moir Canada (CAN) ice dancing 2010–2018 2 + 1T 1 + 1T 0 5
Plushenko, EvgeniEvgeni Plushenko Russia (RUS) men's singles 2002–2014 1 + 1T 2 0 4
Volosozhar, TatianaTatiana Volosozhar / Trankov, MaximMaxim Trankov Russia (RUS) pairs 2014 1 + 1T 0 0 2
Chan, PatrickPatrick Chan Canada (CAN) men's singles 2014–2018 0 + 1T 1 + 1T 0 3
Davis, MerylMeryl Davis / White, CharlieCharlie White United States (USA) ice dancing 2010–2014 1 1 0 + 1T 3
Duhamel, MeaganMeagan Duhamel / Radford, EricEric Radford Canada (CAN) pairs 2014–2018 0 + 1T 0 + 1T 1 3
Osmond, KaetlynKaetlyn Osmond Canada (CAN) ladies' singles 2014–2018 0 + 1T 0 + 1T 1 3
Stolbova, KseniaKsenia Stolbova / Klimov, FedorFedor Klimov Russia (RUS) pairs 2014 0 + 1T 1 0 2
Zagitova, AlinaAlina Zagitova Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR) ladies' singles 2018 1 0 + 1T 0 2
Ilinykh, ElenaElena Ilinykh / Katsalapov, NikitaNikita Katsalapov Russia (RUS) ice dancing 2014 0 + 1T 0 1 2
Medvedeva, EvgeniaEvgenia Medvedeva Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR) ladies' singles 2018 0 1 + 1T 0 2
Shibutani, MaiaMaia Shibutani / Shibutani, AlexAlex Shibutani United States (USA) ice dancing 2018 0 0 1 + 1T 2
Summer and Winter Games[edit]
Since figure skating was held during the Summer Olympic Games in 1908 and 1920 before being moved to the Winter Olympics Games, three skaters medeled in figure skating in both the Summer and Winter Games.
Men's singles skater Gillis Grafström's first gold medal was earned at the 1920 Summer Olympics. His other three medals were won at the 1924–1932 Winter Games. Pair skaters Ludowika Jakobsson and Walter Jakobsson also earned gold during the 1920 Summer Olympics. They later medaled at the 1924 Winter Games.
Country records[edit]
Winning streak[edit]
From 1964 to 2006, Russian figure skaters—representing the Soviet Union, the Unified Team, or Russia—won the gold medal in the pairs event, in what is the longest series of victories for one country in one winter event.[7]
Events won[edit]
Russian figure skaters, counting both Russian Federation (IOC code RUS) and Russian Empire (IOC code RU1), hold the unique record for earning gold medals in all six Olympic figure skating events. Since men's special figures was discontinued, this record can not be matched.
Russia (IOC code RUS) is the only NOC to have earning gold medals in all five current Olympic figure skating events. Canada has earned gold medals in four of the events (all except men's singles). Great Britain, Unified Team, and United States have earned gold medals in three of the events.
Russia and the Unified Team are the only NOCs to have won three events at the same Olympics, at the 2014 Winter Olympics and the 1992 Winter Olympics respectively. No NOC has won more than three figure skating events at a single Olympics.
Podium sweeps[edit]
There has been two podium sweeps in Olympic figure skating history. This is when athletes from one NOC win all three medals in a single event.
Games
Event
NOC
Gold
Silver
Bronze
1908 London Men's singles Sweden (SWE) Ulrich Salchow Richard Johansson Per Thorén
1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo Men's singles United States (USA) Hayes Alan Jenkins Ronnie Robertson David Jenkins
Medal totals by country[edit]
See also: Figure skating at the Olympic Games § Medal table
Men's singles[edit]
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
1 United States (USA) 7 3 5 15
2 Sweden (SWE) 4 2 1 7
3 Russia (RUS) 4 2 6
4 Austria (AUT) 3 3 2 8
5 Japan (JPN) 2 1 1 4
6 Great Britain (GBR) 2 2
7 Czechoslovakia (TCH) 1 1 2 4
8 Unified Team (EUN) 1 1
United Team of Germany (EUA) 1 1
10 Canada (CAN) 5 4 9
11 Soviet Union (URS) 2 1 3
Switzerland (SUI) 2 1 3
13 France (FRA) 1 4 5
14 Norway (NOR) 1 1 2
15 East Germany (GDR) 1 1
/ Germany (GER) 1 1
17 Belgium (BEL) 1 1
Kazakhstan (KAZ) 1 1
Spain (ESP) 1 1
Men's special figures[edit]
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
1 Russian Empire (RU1) 1 1
2 Great Britain (GBR) 1 1 2
Ladies' singles[edit]
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
1 United States (USA) 7 8 8 23
2 East Germany (GDR) 3 1 1 5
3 Norway (NOR) 3 3
4 Austria (AUT) 2 4 1 7
5 Great Britain (GBR) 2 1 3 6
6 Canada (CAN) 1 2 3 6
7 Japan (JPN) 1 2 3
Netherlands (NED) 1 2 3
9 Russia (RUS) 1 1 1 3
Sweden (SWE) 1 1 1 3
11 Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR) 1 1 2
South Korea (KOR) 1 1 2
13 Ukraine (UKR) 1 1
14 / Germany (GER) 1 1
15 China (CHN) 2 2
16 Czechoslovakia (TCH) 1 1
France (FRA) 1 1
Italy (ITA) 1 1
Soviet Union (URS) 1 1
West Germany (FRG) 1 1
Pairs[edit]
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
1 Soviet Union (URS) 7 4 1 12
2 Russia (RUS) 5 3 8
3 / / Germany (GER) 4 3 7
4 Canada (CAN) 2 2 4 8
5 Austria (AUT) 2 2 1 5
6 France (FRA) 2 1 3
7 China (CHN) 1 3 2 6
8 Finland (FIN) 1 1 2
Unified Team (EUN) 1 1 2
10 Belgium (BEL) 1 1
11 United States (USA) 3 3 6
12 United Team of Germany (EUA) 2 2
13 Hungary (HUN) 1 4 5
14 East Germany (GDR) 1 3 4
15 Great Britain (GBR) 1 2 3
16 Norway (NOR) 1 1
17 West Germany (FRG) 1 1
Ice dancing[edit]
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
1 Russia (RUS) 3 3 2 8
Soviet Union (URS) 3 3 2 8
3 Canada (CAN) 2 1 1 4
4 United States (USA) 1 2 2 5
5 France (FRA) 1 2 1 4
6 Unified Team (EUN) 1 1 2
Great Britain (GBR) 1 1 2
8 Hungary (HUN) 1 1
9 Italy (ITA) 1 1
Ukraine (UKR) 1 1
Team event[edit]
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
1 Canada (CAN) 1 1 2
2 Russia (RUS) 1 1
3 Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR) 1 1
4 United States (USA) 2 2
See also[edit]
Figure skating at the Olympic Games
List of Olympic medalists in figure skating by age
World Figure Skating Championships
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ At the 1964 Olympics, Marika Kilius / Hans-Jürgen Bäumler, Debbi Wilkes / Guy Revell, and Vivian Joseph / Ronald Joseph pairs placed 2nd, 3rd, and 4th respectively. Two years later, Kilius / Bäumler's results were invalidated because the pair had signed a professional contract before the Olympics. The silver medals went to Wilkes / Revell and the bronze medals to Joseph / Joseph. However, in 1987, the Germans were re-awarded the silvers after appealing that other pairs had signed similar contracts but weren't exposed and disqualified. After that, the placement of Wilkes / Revell and Joseph / Joseph pairs were unclear for many years. In November 2014, the IOC clarified that since the 1987 decision that both the German and Canadian pairs are the silver medalist and the US pair are the bronze medalist.[3][4]
Jump up ^ No silver medal was awarded in the 2002 Olympic figure skating pairs event, as the Canadians Salé and Pelletier were also given a gold medal, in the aftermath of a judging scandal.[5]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Irina Rodnina won three medals in pairs with two different partners. A golds in 1972 with Alexei Ulanov and two golds in 1976 and 1980 with Alexander Zaitsev.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Artur Dmitriev won three medals in pairs with two different partners. A gold in 1992 and a silver in 1994 with Natalia Mishkutenok and another gold medal in 1998 with Oksana Kazakova.
^ Jump up to: a b c Aliona Savchenko won three medals in pairs with two different partners. Two bronze medals in 2010 and 2014 with Robin Szolkowy and a gold medal in 2018 with Bruno Massot.
Jump up ^ Phyllis Johnson won two medals in pairs with two different partners. A silver medal in 1908 with James H. Johnson and a bronze medal in 1920 with Basil Williams.
References[edit]
General
"Results database". Athletes. International Olympic Committee. Retrieved July 23, 2009.
ISU – Olympic Winter Games Figure Skating results:
Men Ladies Pairs Ice Dance
Specific
Jump up ^ Mihoces, Gary (February 14, 2006). "Record day for Russia's Plushenko; Weir second". USA Today. Retrieved July 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ Windhausen, John D. (1976). "Russia's First Olympic Victor" (PDF). Journal of Sport History. United States of America: North American Society for Sport History. 3 (1): 35–44. Retrieved July 15, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Fifty years later, Joseph siblings find redemption". IceNetwork.com. November 25, 2014.
Jump up ^ Hersh, Philip (November 25, 2014). "A half-century later, Joseph siblings recognized as Olympic medal-winners". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved November 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Sale, Pelletier share gold with Russian pair". Salt Lake'02 Winter Games. ESPN. Associated Press. February 15, 2002. Retrieved July 16, 2009.
Jump up ^ Kubatko, Justin. "Figure Skating". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved July 15, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Factsheet: Records and medals at the Olympic Winter Games" (PDF). Official website of the Olympic Movement. International Olympic Committee. February 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2009. Retrieved July 15, 2009.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Figure skating.
List of Olympic medalists in men's figure skating: photos and autographs
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Counties of Northern Ireland
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Counties of Northern Ireland
Category
Administrative unit
Location
Northern Ireland
Number
Six
Populations
61,170 (Fermanagh) – 618,108 (Antrim)
Areas
1,176 square miles (3,050 km2) (Armagh) – 3,263 square miles (8,450 km2) (Tyrone)
Government
County government
Subdivisions
Cities, Towns, Villages, Townlands, Landforms, Baronies
The counties of Northern Ireland were the principal local government divisions of Northern Ireland from its creation in 1921 until 1972, when their governmental features were abolished and replaced with twenty-six unitary authorities.[1]
In total Northern Ireland consisted of six counties: Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry and Tyrone. These form two-thirds of the historical province of Ulster. The number has been used in the designation The Six Counties as an Irish-nationalist alternative name for Northern Ireland.
Contents
[hide]
1 The counties
2 Background of the counties
2.1 Origins
3 Baronies
4 Government and modern usage
5 Lieutenancy areas
6 Former counties
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
The counties
County
County town
First created[2]
Population (2011)
Notes
Antrim Antrim Early 14th century 618,108 Modern boundaries formed in 1605.[2]
Armagh Armagh 1584 174,792
Down Downpatrick Early 14th century 531,665 Modern boundaries formed in 1605.[2]
Fermanagh Enniskillen 1584 61,170 Based on the territory of the Maguires.
Londonderry Coleraine 1613 247,132 Merging of County Coleraine (also spelt as Colerain[3][4]), and the baronies of Loughinsholin, North East Liberties of Coleraine, and the North-West Liberties of Londonderry.
Tyrone Omagh 1584 177,986 Based on the Irish kingdom of Tír Eoghain, with its north-eastern part (barony of Loughinsholin) being merged with County Londonderry in 1613.
Background of the counties
The English administration in Ireland in the years following the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland created counties as the major subdivisions of an Irish province.[2] This process lasted a period from the 13th to 17th centuries, however the number and shape of the counties that would form the future Northern Ireland would not be defined until the Flight of the Earls allowed the shiring of Ulster from 1604.[1]
Though the present-day counties of Northern Ireland were planned in the early 16th century, some had already existed in one form or another beforehand although their boundaries would be adjusted.[2] Each county would have an associated county town, with county courts of Quarter Sessions and Assizes.[2]
Origins
The counties of Antrim and Down have their origins in the Norman Earldom of Ulster which was based on John de Courcy's conquest of Ulaid.[5] Between the late 13th and early 14th centuries it was organised into administrative shires based around centres of Norman power such as Antrim, Carrickfergus, and Newtownards.[5]
The Bruce invasion (1315–18) saw the devastation of the Earldom of Ulster and its overlordship over the neighbouring Gaelic districts. With the murder of the last de Burgh earl in 1333, the resulting Gaelic recovery eroded the earldoms territory until by the 15th century only the areas of Carrickfergus and coastal enclaves in Down remained.[5]
It was not until the reign of Queen Elizabeth I that Ulster would be shired into more counties, based largely on the boundaries of existing lordships. In 1584, Lord Deputy of Ireland Sir John Perrott created the following counties in what is now Northern Ireland: Armagh; Coleraine; Fermanagh; and Tyrone. Carrickfergus would retain its status as a county town until 1777 when it was merged with County Antrim.
Development of Northern Ireland's counties
Later 15th century – Boundaries of counties and lordships (black border) and minor lordships (grey border) in Ulster.
Early 16th century – General boundaries of lordships in Ulster.
1584 – General boundaries of the counties of Ulster created by the Lord Deputy of Ireland Sir John Perrott.
1613 – Ulster after the creation of County Londonderry, from the merger of County Coleraine, the North West Liberties of Londonderry (1), Loughinsholin (2), and North East Liberties of Coleraine (3).
Baronies
Each county was divided into a number of baronies, a midway between a county and a parish. Baronies are now obsolete administrative units, partially derived from the territory of an Irish chieftain. By the time the process of turning local Irish kingdoms into baronies occurred throughout the whole of Ulster by the early 17th century as part of the Plantation of Ulster, it was already being used for taxation and administrative purposes.[2]
Baronies were used for many records from the 17th to 19th centuries such as: the Civil Survey; Petty's Down Survey; the Books of Survey and Distribution; the 19th century valuation books and census returns. The Grand Jury representment system would also be based on the barony.[2]
Government and modern usage
Main article: Districts of Northern Ireland
The counties were also used as the administrative unit of local government introduced in Ireland under the 1898 Local Government Act along with county boroughs. In regards to Northern Ireland the cities of Belfast and Londonderry became county boroughs. The counties and county boroughs in terms of governance where abolished in Northern Ireland in 1972 and replaced with twenty-six unitary councils, many of which cross county boundaries.
The six administrative counties and two county boroughs remain in use for some purposes, including car number plates. The six counties were also used as postal counties by the Royal Mail for sorting purposes until their abolition in 1996. Outside government, the counties are sometimes used for cultural purposes, for example in the Gaelic Athletic Association.
The lieutenancy areas of the UK, with NI shaded orange
Lieutenancy areas
Like the rest of the United Kingdom, Northern Ireland is divided into lieutenancy areas (see map on right). These are areas that have an appointed Lord Lieutenant—the representative of the British monarch. Northern Ireland has eight lieutenancy areas: Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Tyrone, County of Londonderry, City of Londonderry, and City of Belfast. These are contiguous with the former six counties and two county boroughs, established by the 1898 Local Government Act.
Former counties
Former counties which formed part of the six modern counties of Northern Ireland:
County Coleraine formed from the territory of the O'Cahans in 1584 by Queen Elizabeth I, formed the basis of modern County Londonderry.
Carrickfergus was formerly a county of itself, it extended further than the modern borough of Carrickfergus. It was merged into County Antrim in 1777.
Antrim, Blathewyc, Cragferus, Coulrath, del Art, Dun, Ladcathel and Twescard, the seven counties that formed the Earldom of Ulster in 1333.[6][7]
In 1549, Ulster itself was called a county containing the baronies of Arde, Bentry, Dondalk, Dufferens, Gallagh, Grenecastle, Kroghfergous, Lacayall, Maulyn, Twscard, and Glyns.[7]
See also
Local government in Northern Ireland
Counties of the United Kingdom
Counties of Ireland
List of Irish counties by population
List of Irish counties by area
Provinces of Ireland
References
^ Jump up to: a b Connolly, J.S.: Oxford Companion to Irish History, page 129. Oxford University Press, 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-923483-7
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Public Records Office of Northern Ireland – Areas, regions, and land divisions
Jump up ^ LibraryIreland – Principal Families of Ulster: In Tirowen, section (c) The modern nobility in Tir Owen
Jump up ^ Google Books – The Fall of Irish Chiefs and Clans; The Conquest of Ireland, by George Hill
^ Jump up to: a b c Connolly, J.S.: Oxford Companion to Irish History, page 589-590. Oxford University Press, 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-923483-7
Jump up ^ Bardon, Jonathan: A History of Ulster, page 45. The Black Staff Press, 2005. ISBN 0-85640-764-X
^ Jump up to: a b Hughes and Hannan: Place-Names of Northern Ireland, Volume Two, County Down II, The Ards, The Queen's University of Belfast, 1992. ISBN 085389-450-7
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Counties of Northern Ireland.
The Historic Counties Trust
[show]
Links to related articles
[show]
v
t
e
Counties and cities of Northern Ireland
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