text:
Harry Potter in translation
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Russian translation of The Deathly Hallows goes on sale in Moscow, 2007
The Harry Potter series of fantasy novels by J. K. Rowling is one of the most translated series of all time, with the first book, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, having been translated into over 74 languages. This includes languages diverse as Azerbaijani, Malayalam and Welsh as well as the dead languages Latin and Ancient Greek. This makes it the longest published work in Ancient Greek since the novels of Heliodorus of Emesa in the 3rd century AD. Additionally, regional adaptations of the books have been made to accommodate regional dialects such as the American English edition or the Valencian adaptation of Catalan.
For reasons of secrecy, translations were only allowed to begin after each book had been published in English, creating a lag of several months for readers of other languages. Impatient fans in many places simply bought the book in English instead. In France in 2003 the fifth book, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, became the first book in English to top the French best-seller list. Another response to this, and unavailability in certain languages, has been fans creating their own translations unofficially.
Interesting issues arising in the translation of Harry Potter include cultural references, riddles, anticipating future plot points, and Rowling's creative names for characters and other elements in the magical world which often involve wordplay and descriptive phonology.
Contents
[hide]
1 Translation process
2 Number of official translations
3 List of translations by language
4 Unauthorised translations
5 Fake translations
6 Regional adaptations
7 Issues in translation
7.1 Translation strategies
7.2 Culture and language
7.3 Rhymes, anagrams, and acronyms
7.4 Invented words, proper nouns, and names
7.5 Plot points
7.6 Character gender
8 Notes
9 References
10 External links
Translation process[edit]
For an authorised translation, the publisher must first negotiate and sign a contract with the author's agents, The Blair Partnership.[1] A list of authorised publishers can be read on J. K. Rowling’s website. The publishers select translators locally.
Translators were not granted access to the books before their official release date in English; hence, translation could start only after the English editions had been published, creating a lag of several months before the translations were made available. This necessary delay has boosted the sales of English language editions of the books to impatient fans, in countries where English is not the first language. Such was the clamour to read the fifth book that its English edition became the first English-language book ever to top the bookseller list in France.[2] In Italy, impatient Potter fans organised "Operation Feather", deluging the publisher Salani with feathers (reminiscent of Hogwarts' messenger owls) to demand expedited publication for the Italian translation of the seventh and final book in the series.[3] This has also caused unauthorised translations and fake versions of the books to appear in many countries.
The high profile and demand for a high-quality local translation means that a great deal of care is often taken in the task. In some countries, such as Italy, the first book was revised by the publishers and issued in an updated edition in response to readers who complained about the quality of the first translation. In countries such as China and Portugal, the translation is conducted by a group of translators working together to save time. Some of the translators hired to work on the books were quite well known before their work on Harry Potter, such as Viktor Golyshev, who oversaw the Russian translation of the series' fifth book. Golyshev was previously best known for having translated William Faulkner and George Orwell,[4] and was known to snub the Harry Potter books in interviews and refer to them as inferior literature. The Turkish translation of books two to five was undertaken by Sevin Okyay, a popular literary critic and cultural commentator.[5]
Number of official translations[edit]
Oddly enough, it has been difficult to accurately determine with any degree of certainty exactly how many languages Harry Potter has been translated into. As best as can be determined (as of 2017), The Philosopher's Stone has been officially translated from the original English into 74 other languages,[6] the most recent being, Scots,[note 1][9] which was released on 23 November 2017.[10] Both Bloomsbury's[11] and J.K. Rowling's[12][9] sites have recently stated that the books have been translated into 79 languages (their count would now likely be 81 with the subsequent 2017 release[10] of Scots and a new Mongolian translation);[13] however, it has been argued that number actually represents the number of authorized translations (of The Philosopher's Stone) plus the original English.[14] The number of authorized translations is not equal to the number of languages because there have been multiple authorized translations into the same language.[6] Specifically, there have been two separate translations into each of: Mandarin Chinese, Mongolian, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian and Turkish (6 languages).[6] English is often included in the list of translations even though technically it should not be. Thus: 81 − 1 English − 6 double-translations = 74.[6] It is also worthwhile to emphasize that not all seven books have been translated into these 74 languages.
The 81 total does not include other linguistically interesting language editions: there have been many regional adaptations of the books to accommodate regional dialects, for example the American English edition or the Valencian adaptation of Catalan. There have been transliterations of translations into different scripts (English Braille, Serbian Cyrillic), there have been major revisions of the Spanish and Italian translations and there have been any number of unauthorized translations.[6]
The government of Kazakhstan has ordered a Kazakh translation of the Harry Potter novels to be made[15] and the Government of Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan have also ordered a Tajik, Uzbek and Kyrgyz translation.[citation needed] Thus far translations into these languages have not appeared.
Some translations, such as those to the dead Latin and Ancient Greek languages, were done as academic exercises, to stimulate interest in the languages and to provide students of those languages with modern reading texts. The Ancient Greek version, according to the translator, is the longest text written in Ancient Greek since the novels of Heliodorus of Emesa in the 3rd century AD, and took about a year to complete.[16]
Note that in some countries, such as Spain and India, the book has been translated into several local languages (see section on publishers); sometimes the book has been translated into two dialects of the same language in two countries (for example, separate Portuguese versions for Brazil and for Portugal).
List of translations by language[edit]
The original British English versions of the book were published in the United Kingdom by Bloomsbury. There is no complete official list of authorised translations currently available. Editions exist in the following languages (including the original):
Translations of the Harry Potter series
Language
Country
Publisher(s) and distributor(s)
Translator(s)
Title(s)
English (original version)
United Kingdom
Republic of Ireland
Australia
New Zealand
Canada
South Africa
United States
[17]
UK/ROI: Bloomsbury Publishing[18]
Australia/New Zealand: Allen & Unwin Pty Ltd (Distributor)[19]
Canada: Bloomsbury/Raincoast[20] (currently dist. through Penguin Books):[21]
South Africa: Jonathan Ball Publishers[22]
United States: Scholastic/Arthur A. Levine Books[23]
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone (USA)
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
1.
Afrikaans
South Africa Human & Rousseau (pty) Ltd.[24]
Janie Oosthuysen[25] (I-V)
Kobus Geldenhuys[26] (VI-VII)
Harry Potter en die Towenaar se Steen
Harry Potter en die Kamer van Geheimenisse
Harry Potter en die Gevangene van Azkaban
Harry Potter en die Beker Vol Vuur
Harry Potter en die Orde van die Feniks
Harry Potter en die Halfbloed Prins
Harry Potter en die Skatte van die Dood
2.
Albanian
Albania Publishing House Dituria[27] Amik Kasoruho
Harry Potter dhe guri filozofal
Harry Potter dhe Dhoma e të fshehtave
Harry Potter dhe i burgosuri i Azkabanit
Harry Potter dhe kupa e zjarrit
Harry Potter dhe urdhri i Feniksit
Harry Potter dhe Princi Gjakpërzier
Harry Potter dhe Dhuratat e Vdekjes
3.
Arabic
Arab world
(Translation origin: Egypt) Nahdet Misr[28]
Sahar Jabr Mahmūd (I, VI ed., VII)[29]
Rajā' 'Abdullah (II, III ed.)[29]
Ahmad Hasan Muhammad (III, IV)[29]
Translation and Publication Department of Nahdet Misr (V)[29]
Dr. 'Abdulwahāb 'Allūb (VI)[29]
هاري بوتر وحجر الفيلسوف
هاري بوتر وحجرة الأسرار
هاري بوتر وسجين أزكابان
هاري بوتر وكأس النار
هاري بوتر وجماعة العنقاء
هاري بوتر والأمير الهجين
هاري بوتر ومقدسات الموت
4.
Armenian
Armenia Zangak[30]
Alvard Jivanyan[30][31]
Հարրի Փոթերը և Փիլիսոփայական քարը[30][31]
Հարրի Փոթերը և Գաղտնիքների սենյակը[32]
Հարրի Փոթերը և Ազքաբանի կալանավորը[33]
5.
Asturian
Spain ( Asturias) Trabe[34] Xesús González Rato
Harry Potter y la piedra filosofal
6.
Azerbaijani
Azerbaijan Qanun[35]
Fəxrəddin Ağazadə (I)[36]
Kifayət Haqverdiyeva (II)[37]
Fərid Hüseynli (III)[38]
Gülmira Fətullayeva (IV)[39][40]
Nərmin İskəndər (V)[41]
Harri Potter və fəlsəfə daşı
Harri Potter və sirlər otağı
Harri Potter və Azkaban məhbusu
Harri Potter və alov qədəhi[39]
Harri Potter və si̇murq ordeni̇[41]
7.
Basque
Spain ( Basque Country) Elkarlanean[42] Iñaki Mendiguren (I-VII)
Harry Potter eta sorgin-harria
Harry Potter eta sekretuen ganbera
Harry Potter eta Azkabango presoa
Harry Potter eta Suaren kopa
Harry Potter eta Fenixaren Ordena
Harry Potter eta Odol Nahasiko Printzea
Harry Potter eta Herioaren erlikiak
8.
Bengali
Bangladesh
India
Ankur Prakashani[43]
Sohrab Hasan (I)
Muniruzzaman (II-III)
Asim Chowdhury (IV-VI)
Mohsin Habib (VII)
হ্যারি পটার এন্ড দ্য ফিলোসফার্স স্টোন
হ্যারি পটার এন্ড দ্য চেম্বার অব সিক্রেটস
হ্যারি পটার এন্ড দ্য প্রিজনার অব আজকাবান
হ্যারি পটার এন্ড দ্য গবলেট অব ফায়ার
হ্যারি পটার এন্ড দি অর্ডার অব দ্য ফিনিক্স
হ্যারি পটার এন্ড দ্য হাফ ব্লাড প্রিন্স
হ্যারি পটার এন্ড দ্য ডেথলি হ্যালোজ
9.
Bosnian
Bosnia and Herzegovina Buybook[44][45] Mirjana Evtov [46]
Harry Potter i kamen mudrosti[46]
Harry Potter i odaja tajni[47]
Harry Potter i zatvorenik Azkabana[48]
Harry Potter i plameni pehar[49]
10.
Breton
France ( Brittany) An Amzer[50][51]
Mark Kerrain[50][52]
Harry Potter ha Maen ar Furien
Harry Potter ha Kambr ar Sekredoù [52]
11.
Bulgarian
Bulgaria Egmont Bulgaria[53]
Teodora Dzhebarova (I)
Mariana Ekimova-Melnishka[54] (II-IV)
Emiliya L. Maslarova (V-VII)
Хари Потър и Философският камък
Хари Потър и Стаята на тайните
Хари Потър и Затворникът от Азкабан
Хари Потър и Огненият бокал
Хари Потър и Орденът на феникса
Хари Потър и Нечистокръвния принц
Хари Потър и Даровете на Смъртта
12.
Catalan
Andorra
Spain
Balearic Islands,
Catalonia
Valencia
Italy
Sardinia (Alghero)
Editorial Empúries[55]
Tàndem Edicions, S.L.: Valencian adaptation of I and II[56][57][58]
Laura Escorihuela Martínez(I-IV)
Xavier Pàmies Giménez(V-VII)
Harry Potter i la pedra filosofal
Harry Potter i la cambra secreta
Harry Potter i el pres d'Azkaban
Harry Potter i el calze de foc
Harry Potter i l'orde del Fènix
Harry Potter i el misteri del Príncep
Harry Potter i les relíquies de la Mort
13.
Chinese (Simplified)
China
People's Literature Publishing House (人民文学出版社);
Su Nong (苏农) (I)
Ma Aixin (马爱新) (II, IV, V)
Zheng Xumi (郑须弥) (III)
Ma Ainong (马爱农) (V)
Cai Wen (蔡文) (V)
哈利·波特与魔法石
哈利·波特与密室
哈利·波特与阿兹卡班的囚徒
哈利·波特与火焰杯
哈利·波特与凤凰社
哈利·波特与“混血王子”
哈利·波特与死亡圣器
Chinese (Traditional)
Taiwan
Hong Kong
Macau
Crown Publishing Company Ltd (皇冠出版社)[59]
Peng Chien-Wen (彭倩文; Peng Qianwen) (I-IV)
Crown Editor and Translator Group (皇冠編譯組; Huangguan Bianyi Zu) (V-VII)
哈利波特—神秘的魔法石
哈利波特—消失的密室
哈利波特—阿茲卡班的逃犯
哈利波特—火盃的考驗
哈利波特—鳳凰會的密令
哈利波特—混血王子的背叛
哈利波特—死神的聖物
14.
Croatian
Croatia Algoritam[60]
Zlatko Crnković (I-III)
Dubravka Petrović (IV-VI)
Harry Potter i Kamen mudraca
Harry Potter i Odaja tajni
Harry Potter i Zatočenik Azkabana
Harry Potter i Plameni Pehar
Harry Potter i Red feniksa
Harry Potter i Princ miješane krvi
Harry Potter i Darovi smrti
15.
Czech
Czech Republic Albatros[61]
Vladimír Medek (I, II, IV)
Pavel Medek[62] (III, V, VI, VII)
Harry Potter a kámen mudrců
Harry Potter a tajemná komnata
Harry Potter a vězeň z Azkabanu
Harry Potter a ohnivý pohár
Harry Potter a Fénixův řád
Harry Potter a princ dvojí krve
Harry Potter a relikvie smrti
16.
Danish
Denmark Gyldendal[63] Hanna Lützen
Harry Potter og De Vises Sten
Harry Potter og Hemmelighedernes Kammer
Harry Potter og Fangen fra Azkaban
Harry Potter og Flammernes Pokal
Harry Potter og Føniksordenen
Harry Potter og Halvblodsprinsen
Harry Potter og Dødsregalierne
17.
Dutch
Belgium ( Flanders)
Netherlands
Suriname
Standaard / Uitgeverij De Harmonie[64] Wiebe Buddingh'
Harry Potter en de Steen der Wijzen
Harry Potter en de Geheime Kamer
Harry Potter en de Gevangene van Azkaban
Harry Potter en de Vuurbeker
Harry Potter en de Orde van de Feniks
Harry Potter en de Halfbloed Prins
Harry Potter en de Relieken van de Dood
18.
Estonian
Estonia Varrak Publishers[65]
Krista Kaer (I-VII)
Kaisa Kaer (III-VII)
Harry Potter ja tarkade kivi
Harry Potter ja saladuste kamber
Harry Potter ja Azkabani vang
Harry Potter ja tulepeeker
Harry Potter ja Fööniksi Ordu
Harry Potter ja segavereline prints
Harry Potter ja Surma vägised
19.
Faroese
Faroe Islands Bókadeild Føroya Lærarafelags[66]
Gunnar Hoydal (I-III)
Malan Háberg (IV)
Bergur Rasmussen (V-VI)
Harry Potter og Vitramannasteinurin
Harry Potter og Kamarið Við Loynidómum
Harry Potter og Fangin Úr Azkaban
Harry Potter og Eldbikarið
Harry Potter og Føniksfylkingin
Harry Potter og Hálvblóðsprinsurin
Harry Potter og Arvalutir Deyðans
20.
Filipino
Philippines Lampara Books[67] Becky Bravo
Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone: The Filipino Edition
21.
Finnish
Finland Tammi Jaana Kapari-Jatta[68]
Harry Potter ja viisasten kivi
Harry Potter ja salaisuuksien kammio
Harry Potter ja Azkabanin vanki
Harry Potter ja liekehtivä pikari
Harry Potter ja Feeniksin kilta
Harry Potter ja Puoliverinen prinssi
Harry Potter ja Kuoleman varjelukset
22.
French
Belgium ( Wallonia)
Canada ( Quebec)
France
Monaco
Switzerland
Luxembourg
Éditions Gallimard Jean-François Ménard[69] (plus the school books[70])
Harry Potter à l'école des sorciers
Harry Potter et la Chambre des secrets
Harry Potter et le Prisonnier d'Azkaban
Harry Potter et la Coupe de feu
Harry Potter et l'Ordre du phénix
Harry Potter et le Prince de sang-mêlé
Harry Potter et les Reliques de la Mort
23.
West Frisian
Netherlands ( Friesland) Uitgeverij Bornmeer[71] Jetske Bilker
Harry Potter en de stien fan 'e wizen
24.
Galician
Spain ( Galicia) Editorial Galaxia
Marilar Aleixandre (I)
Eva Almazán (II-IV)
Laura Sáez (V, VII)
Carlos Acevedo (VI)
Harry Potter e a pedra filosofal
Harry Potter e a Cámara dos Segredos
Harry Potter e o preso de Azkaban
Harry Potter e o Cáliz de fogo
Harry Potter e a Orde do Fénix
Harry Potter e o misterio do príncipe
Harry Potter e as reliquias da morte
25.
Georgian
Georgia Bakur Sulakauri[72] Publishing
Manana Antadze (I)
Davit Gabunia (II, III)
Ketevan Kanchashvili (IV, VI)
I.Beriashvili (V)
Tsitso Khotsuashvili (VII)
ჰარი პოტერი და ფილოსოფიური ქვა
ჰარი პოტერი და საიდუმლო ოთახი
ჰარი პოტერი და აზკაბანის ტყვე
ჰარი პოტერი და ცეცხლოვანი თასი
ჰარი პოტერი და ფენიქსის ორდენი
ჰარი პოტერი და ნახევარპრინცი
ჰარი პოტერი და სიკვდილის საჩუქრები
26.
German
Austria
Germany
Liechtenstein
Switzerland
Luxembourg
Carlsen Verlag Klaus Fritz
Harry Potter und der Stein der Weisen
Harry Potter und die Kammer des Schreckens
Harry Potter und der Gefangene von Askaban
Harry Potter und der Feuerkelch
Harry Potter und der Orden des Phönix
Harry Potter und der Halbblutprinz
Harry Potter und die Heiligtümer des Todes
27.
Low German
Germany Verlag Michael Jung
Hartmut Cyriacks (I-II)[73][74]
Peter Nissen (I-II)[75][74]
Reinhard Goltz (II)[74]
Harry Potter un de Wunnersteen
Harry Potter un de grulig Kamer
28.
Ancient Greek
Bloomsbury Andrew Wilson (I)[76][77]
Ἅρειος Ποτὴρ καὶ ἡ τοῦ φιλοσόφου λίθος
29.
Modern Greek
Greece
Cyprus
Psichogios Publications[78]
Máia Roútsou (I)
Kaíti Oikonómou (II-VII)
Ο Χάρι Πότερ και η Φιλοσοφική Λίθος
Ο Χάρι Πότερ και η Κάμαρα με τα Μυστικά
Ο Χάρι Πότερ και ο Αιχμάλωτος του Αζκαμπάν
Ο Χάρι Πότερ και το Κύπελλο της Φωτιάς
Ο Χάρι Πότερ και το Τάγμα του Φοίνικα
Ο Χάρι Πότερ και ο Ημίαιμος Πρίγκηψ
Ο Χάρι Πότερ και οι Κλήροι του Θανάτου
30.
Greenlandic
Greenland Atuakkiorfik Greenland Publishers[79] Stephen Hammeken
Harry Potter ujarallu inuunartoq[80]
31.
Gujarati
India (Gujarat) Manjul Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. [81]
Harish Nayak
Jagruti Trivedi
હેરી પોટર અને પારસમણિ
32.
Hebrew
Israel Miskal Ltd. (Yedioth Ahronoth and Sifrey Hemed)[82] / Books in the Attic Ltd.[83] Gili Bar-Hillel[84]
הארי פוטר ואבן החכמים
הארי פוטר וחדר הסודות
הארי פוטר והאסיר מאזקבאן
הארי פוטר וגביע האש
הארי פוטר ומסדר עוף החול
הארי פוטר והנסיך חצוי־הדם
הארי פוטר ואוצרות המוות
33.
Hindi
India Manjul Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.[85] Sudhir Dixit[86] (I-VII)
हैरी पॉटर और पारस पत्थर
हैरी पॉटर और रहस्यमयी तहख़ाना
हैरी पॉटर और अज़्काबान का क़ैदी
हैरी पॉटर और आग का प्याला
हैरी पॉटर और मायापंछी का समूह
हैरी पॉटर और हाफ़-ब्लड प्रिंस
हैरी पॉटर और मौत के तोहफे
34.
Hungarian
Hungary Animus Publishing[87] Tóth Tamás Boldizsár
Harry Potter és a bölcsek köve
Harry Potter és a Titkok Kamrája
Harry Potter és az azkabani fogoly
Harry Potter és a Tűz Serlege
Harry Potter és a Főnix Rendje
Harry Potter és a Félvér Herceg
Harry Potter és a Halál ereklyéi
35.
Icelandic
Iceland Bjartur[88]
Helga Haraldsdóttir (I-VII)
Jón Hallur Stefánsson (V)
Harry Potter og viskusteinninn
Harry Potter og leyniklefinn
Harry Potter og fanginn frá Azkaban
Harry Potter og eldbikarinn
Harry Potter og Fönixreglan
Harry Potter og Blendingsprinsinn
Harry Potter og Dauðadjásnin
36.
Indonesian
Indonesia Penerbit PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama[89] Listiana Srisanti[90] (I-VII)
Harry Potter dan Batu Bertuah
Harry Potter dan Kamar Rahasia
Harry Potter dan Tawanan Azkaban
Harry Potter dan Piala Api
Harry Potter dan Orde Phoenix
Harry Potter dan Pangeran Berdarah-Campuran
Harry Potter dan Relikui Kematian
37.
Irish
Republic of Ireland
United Kingdom
Bloomsbury Máire Nic Mhaoláin (I)
Harry Potter agus an Órchloch
38.
Italian
Italy
San Marino
Switzerland
Adriano Salani Editore[91]
Marina Astrologo (I-II)
Beatrice Masini (III-VII)
Illustrated by Serena Riglietti
Harry Potter e la Pietra Filosofale
Harry Potter e la Camera dei Segreti
Harry Potter e il Prigioniero di Azkaban
Harry Potter e il Calice di Fuoco
Harry Potter e l'Ordine della Fenice
Harry Potter e il Principe Mezzosangue
Harry Potter e i Doni della Morte
39.
Japanese
Japan Say-zan-sha Publications Ltd.[92] Yuko Matsuoka (松岡 佑子, Matsuoka Yūko)[93]
ハリー・ポッターと賢者の石
ハリー・ポッターと秘密の部屋
ハリー・ポッターとアズカバンの囚人
ハリー・ポッターと炎のゴブレット
ハリー・ポッターと不死鳥の騎士団
ハリー・ポッターと謎のプリンス
ハリー・ポッターと死の秘宝
40.
Khmer
Cambodia Cambodia Daily Press[94][95] Un Tim
ហេរី ផោតធ័រ និង សិលាទេព
ហេរី ផោតធ័រ និង បន្ទប់ សម្ងាត់[96]
41.
Korean
South Korea Moonhak Soochup Publishing Co.[97]
Kim Hye-won (I-IV)
Inja Choe (V)
해리 포터와 마법사의 돌
해리 포터와 비밀의 방
해리 포터와 아즈카반의 죄수
해리 포터와 불의 잔
해리 포터와 불사조 기사단
해리 포터와 혼혈 왕자
해리 포터와 죽음의 성물
42.
Latin
Bloomsbury[98] Peter Needham[98] (I-II)
Harrius Potter et Philosophi Lapis
Harrius Potter et Camera Secretorum
43.
Latvian
Latvia Jumava[99]
Ingus Josts (I-VII)
Ieva Kolmane (IV-VII)
Sabīne Ozola (V, VII)
Māra Poļakova (V, VII)
Harijs Poters un Filozofu akmens
Harijs Poters un Noslēpumu kambaris
Harijs Poters un Azkabanas gūsteknis
Harijs Poters un Uguns biķeris
Harijs Poters un Fēniksa Ordenis
Harijs Poters un Jauktasiņu princis
Harijs Poters un Nāves dāvesti
44.
Lithuanian
Lithuania Alma Littera Company Limited[100] Zita Marienė
Haris Poteris ir Išminties akmuo
Haris Poteris ir Paslapčių kambarys
Haris Poteris ir Azkabano kalinys
Haris Poteris ir Ugnies taurė
Haris Poteris ir Fenikso Brolija
Haris Poteris ir Netikras Princas
Haris Poteris ir Mirties relikvijos
45.
Luxembourgish
Luxembourg Kairos Edition[101] Florence Berg (I-II)
Guy Berg (II)
Den Harry Potter an den Alchimistesteen
Den Harry Potter an dem Salazar säi Sall
46.
Macedonian
Republic of Macedonia Publishing House Kultura (I-V)
Mladinska kniga Skopje (VI-VII)[102]
Blagorodna Bogeska-Ančevska[103] (I-V)
Lavinija Shuvaka (VI-VII)
Хари Потер и Каменот на мудроста
Хари Потер и Одајата на тајните
Хари Потер и Затвореникот од Азкабан
Хари Потер и Пламениот пехар
Хари Потер и Редот на фениксот
Хари Потер и Полукрвниот Принц
Хари Потер и Реликвиите на смртта
47.
Malay
Malaysia Pelangi Books[100][104]
Harry Potter dengan Batu Hikmat
Harry Potter dan Bilik Rahsia
Harry Potter dengan Banduan Azkaban
Harry Potter dalam Piala Api
Harry Potter dalam Kumpulan Phoenix
Harry Potter dengan Putera Berdarah Kacukan
Harry Potter dengan Azimat Maut
48.
Malayalam
India (Kerala) Manjul Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.[105] Radhika C. Nair[106]
ഹാരി പോട്ടര് രസ്ആയനക്കലല് [hāri pōṭṭar rasāyanakkalal]
ഹാരി പോട്ടര് നിഗൂഢ നിലവറ [hāri pōṭṭar nigūḍha nilavaṟa]
49.
Marathi
India Manjul Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.[100]
Priyanka Kulkarni (III)
Manjusha Amdekar (II, IV, V, VI)
Bal Urdhwareshe (I)
हॅरी पॉटर आणि परीस
हॅरी पॉटर आणि रहस्यमय तळघर
हॅरी पॉटर आणि अझ्कबानचा कैदी
हॅरी पॉटर आणि अग्निचषक
हॅरी पॉटर आणि फीनिक्स सेना
हॅरी पॉटर आणि हाफ-ब्लड प्रिन्स
हॅरी पॉटर अँड द डेथली हॅलोज
50.
Mongolian
Mongolia
Nepko Publishing (first translation)
Д.Аюуш & Д.Батбаяр
Харри Поттер ба Шидэт Чулуу
Monsudar (second translation)[13][107] Н. Энхнаран[13][107]
Харри Поттер ба Философийн Чулуу[13]
Харри Поттер ба Нууц Өрөө[107]
51.
Nepali
Nepal Sunbird Publishing House [108][109]
Shlesha Thapaliya
Bijaya Adhikari
ह्यारी पोटर र पारसमणि
52.
Norwegian
Norway N.W. Damm & Søn A.S.[110] Torstein Bugge Høverstad
Harry Potter og de vises stein
Harry Potter og Mysteriekammeret
Harry Potter og fangen fra Azkaban
Harry Potter og ildbegeret
Harry Potter og Føniksordenen
Harry Potter og Halvblodsprinsen
Harry Potter og dødstalismanene
53.
Occitan
France ( Occitania) Per Noste Edicions[111][112]
Karina Richard Bòrdanava (I)
Patric Guilhemjoan (II)
Harry Potter e la pèira filosofau
Harry Potter e la crampa deus secrets
54.
Persian
Iran Tandis Books Vida Eslamiyeh
هری پاتر و سنگ جادو
هری پاتر و حفره اسرارآمیز
هری پاتر و زندانی آزکابان
هری پاتر و جام آتش
هری پاتر و محفل ققنوس
هری پاتر و شاهزاده دورگه
هری پاتر و یادگاران مرگ
55.
Polish
Poland Media Rodzina[113] Andrzej Polkowski
Harry Potter i Kamień Filozoficzny
Harry Potter i Komnata Tajemnic
Harry Potter i więzień Azkabanu
Harry Potter i Czara Ognia
Harry Potter i Zakon Feniksa
Harry Potter i Książę Półkrwi
Harry Potter i Insygnia Śmierci
56.
European Portuguese
Portugal
Editorial Presença[100]
Isabel Fraga (I)
Isabel Nunes
Manuela Madureira
Harry Potter e a Pedra Filosofal
Harry Potter e a Câmara dos Segredos
Harry Potter e o Prisioneiro de Azkaban
Harry Potter e o Cálice de Fogo
Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fénix
Harry Potter e o Príncipe Misterioso
Harry Potter e os Talismãs da Morte
Brazilian Portuguese
Brazil Editora Rocco Ltda.[114]
Lia Wyler
Harry Potter e a Pedra Filosofal
Harry Potter e a Câmara Secreta
Harry Potter e o Prisioneiro de Azkaban
Harry Potter e o Cálice de Fogo
Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix
Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe
Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte
57.
Romanian
Romania
Moldova
Egmont Romania[100] (first translation)
Ioana Iepureanu (I-VII)[115][116]
Harry Potter și Piatra Filozofală
Harry Potter și Camera Secretelor
Harry Potter și Prizonierul din Azkaban
Harry Potter și Pocalul de Foc
Harry Potter și Ordinul Phoenix
Harry Potter și Prințul Semipur (Egmont)
Harry Potter și Prințul Semisânge (Arthur)[117]
Harry Potter și Talismanele Morții
Arthur[118] (second translation)
Florin Bacin (I, IV)[118][119]
Tatiana Dragomir (II, V)[120][121]
Radu Paraschivescu (III)[122]
Alex Moldovan (VI)[117]
58.
Russian
Russia Rosman Publishing[123] (first translation)
Igor W. Oranskij (I)
Marina D. Litvinova (II-V)
Vladimir Babkov (V)
Viktor Golyshev (V)
Leonid Motylev (V)
Sergei Iljin (VI)
Maya Lahuti (VII)
Гарри Поттер и философский камень
Гарри Поттер и Тайная комната
Гарри Поттер и узник Азкабана
Гарри Поттер и Кубок огня
Гарри Поттер и Орден Феникса
Гарри Поттер и Принц-полукровка
Гарри Поттер и Дары Cмерти
Azbooka-Atticus: Machaon (second, originally unofficial, translation) [124][125] Maria Spivak (I-VII)[126]
59.
Scots
United Kingdom
Scotland
Black & White Publishing - Itchy Coo[127]
Matthew Fitt (I)[127]
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stane
60.
Serbian
Serbia
Montenegro (adapted spelling)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Alfa – Narodna Knjiga (withdrawn)
Evro Giunti[128]
Montenegro: Nova Knjiga[129]
Draško Roganović & Vesna Stamenković Roganović (I-VII)
Ana Vukomanović (II)
Latin alphabet:
Hari Poter i Kamen mudrosti
Hari Poter i Dvorana tajni
Hari Poter i zatvorenik iz Askabana
Hari Poter i Vatreni Pehar
Hari Poter i Red feniksa
Hari Poter i Polukrvni Princ
Hari Poter i relikvije Smrti
Cyrillic alphabet: [130][131]
Хари Потер и Камен мудрости
Хари Потер и Дворана тајни
Хари Потер и Затвореник из Аскабана
Хари Потер и Ватрени пехар
Хари Потер и Ред феникса
Хари Потер и Полукрвни Принц
61.
Sinhala
Sri Lanka Sarasavi Publishers (Pvt) Ltd [132]
Abhaya Hewawasam (I-V)
Thomson A Vendabona (VI-VII)
හැරී පොටර් සහ මායා ගල
හැරී පොටර් සහ රහස් කුටිය
හැරී පොටර් සහ අස්කබාන්හි සිරකරු
හැරී පොටර් සහ අග්නි කුසලානය
හැරී පොටර් සහ ෆීනික්ස් නිකාය
හැරී පොටර් සහ අඩ ලේ කුමාරයා
හැරී පොටර් සහ ඩෙත්ලි හැලෝස්
62.
Slovak
Slovakia Ikar [133]
Jana Petrikovičová (I-II)
Oľga Kralovičová (III-VI)
Harry Potter a Kameň mudrcov
Harry Potter a tajomná komnata
Harry Potter a väzeň z Azkabanu
Harry Potter a Ohnivá čaša
Harry Potter a Fénixov rád
Harry Potter a polovičný princ
Harry Potter a Dary smrti
63.
Slovene
Slovenia
Mladinska knjiga[100]
Jakob J. Kenda (I-VII)
Branko Gradišnik (VI)
Harry Potter in Kamen modrosti
Harry Potter in Dvorana skrivnosti
Harry Potter in Jetnik iz Azkabana
Harry Potter in Ognjeni kelih
Harry Potter in Feniksov red
Harry Potter in Princ mešane krvi (2nd translation by Kenda), Harry Potter in Polkrvni princ (1st translation by Gradišnik)
Harry Potter in Svetinje smrti
64.
Spanish
Spain (Castilian)[134]
Latin America
(Both a standard Latin American version and a Rioplatense version)[134]
Ediciones Salamandra[135]
Alicia Dellepiane Rawson (I)
Nieves Martín Azofra (II-IV)
Adolfo Muñoz García (II-IV)
Gemma Rovira Ortega (V-VII)
Harry Potter y la Piedra Filosofal
Harry Potter y la cámara secreta
Harry Potter y el prisionero de Azkaban
Harry Potter y el cáliz de fuego
Harry Potter y la Orden del Fénix
Harry Potter y el misterio del príncipe
Harry Potter y las Reliquias de la Muerte
65.
Swedish
Sweden
Finland
Tiden Young Books[136] / Raben & Sjögren[137] Lena Fries-Gedin[137]
Harry Potter och de vises sten
Harry Potter och Hemligheternas kammare
Harry Potter och fången från Azkaban
Harry Potter och den flammande bägaren
Harry Potter och Fenixorden
Harry Potter och Halvblodsprinsen
Harry Potter och dödsrelikerna
66.
Tamil
India Manjul Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.[138] PSV Kumarasamy (I-II)
ஹாரி பாட்டரும் ரசவாதக் கல்லும்
ஹாரி பாட்டரும் பாதாள அறை ரகசியங்களும்
67.
Telugu
India Manjul Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.[139] M. S. B. P. N. V. Rama Sundari
హ్యారీ పోటర్ పరుసవేది
68.
Thai
Thailand Nanmee Books[140]
Sumalee Bumrungsuk (I-II, V-VII)
Waleephon Wangsukun (III)
Ngarmpun Vejjajiva (IV)
แฮร์รี่ พอตเตอร์กับศิลาอาถรรพ์
แฮร์รี่ พอตเตอร์กับห้องแห่งความลับ
แฮร์รี่ พอตเตอร์กับนักโทษแห่งอัซคาบัน
แฮร์รี่ พอตเตอร์กับถ้วยอัคนี
แฮร์รี่ พอตเตอร์กับภาคีนกฟีนิกซ์
แฮร์รี่ พอตเตอร์กับเจ้าชายเลือดผสม
แฮร์รี่ พอตเตอร์กับเครื่องรางยมทูต
69.
Tibetan[141]
People's Republic of China (Tibet Autonomous Region) Bod ljongs mi dmangs dpe skrun khang
Nor dkyil Bu chung rgyal (I-II) [142] [Norkyil Buchung Gyal (ནོར་དཀྱིལ་བུཆུངརྒྱལ་) [143]]
ཧ་རུའེ་ཕོད་ཐར་དང་ཚེ་རྡོ།
ཧ་རུའེ་ཕོད་ཐར་དང་གསང་བའི་ཁང་པ།
70.
Turkish
Turkey
Dost Kitabevi
Mustafa Bayındır (I)
Harry Potter (ve) Büyülü Taş[144]
Yapı Kredi Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık[145]
Ülkü Tamer (I)
Sevin Okyay[146] (II-VII)
Kutlukhan Kutlu[146] (III-VII, the school books[70])
Harry Potter ve Felsefe Taşı[147]
Harry Potter ve Sırlar Odası[148]
Harry Potter ve Azkaban Tutsağı[149]
Harry Potter ve Ateş Kadehi[150]
Harry Potter ve Zümrüdüanka Yoldaşlığı[151]
Harry Potter ve Melez Prens[152]
Harry Potter ve Ölüm Yadigârları[153]
71.
Ukrainian
Ukraine A-BA-BA-HA-LA-MA-HA[100]
Victor Morozov[69] (all 7 books)
Sofiia Andrukhovych (part of IV)
Гаррі Поттер і філософський камінь
Гаррі Поттер і Таємна кімната
Гаррі Поттер і в'язень Азкабану *
Гаррі Поттер і Келих вогню *
Гаррі Поттер і Орден Фенікса *
Гаррі Поттер і Напівкровний Принц *
Гаррі Поттер і Смертельні Реліквії *
* The Ukrainian movie titles use another variant of the word "and" (in Ukrainian, there are three variants of the word: "і", "й" and "та"): "та" (ta)
72.
Urdu
Pakistan Oxford University Press[154] Darakhshanda Asghar Khokhar[154][155] (I-IV)
ہیری پوٹر اور پارس پتھر
ہیری پوٹر اور رازوں کا کمرہ
ہیری پوٹر اور ازکبان کا قیدی
ہیری پوٹر اور آگ کا پیالہ
73.
Vietnamese
Vietnam Youth Publishing House[156] Lý Lan
Harry Potter và Hòn Đá Phù Thủy
Harry Potter và Phòng Chứa Bí Mật
Harry Potter và Tên Tù Nhân Ngục Azkaban
Harry Potter và Chiếc Cốc Lửa
Harry Potter và Hội Phượng Hoàng
Harry Potter và Hoàng Tử Lai
Harry Potter và Bảo Bối Tử Thần
74.
Welsh
United Kingdom ( Wales) Bloomsbury[100] Emily Huws[157] (I)
Harri Potter a Maen yr Athronydd
Unauthorised translations[edit]
The impatience of the international Harry Potter fan community for translations of the books has led to the proliferation of unauthorised or pirate translations that are often hastily translated and posted on the internet chapter-by-chapter, or printed by small presses and sold illegally. The work may be done by multiple translators to speed the process. Such translations are often poorly written and filled with errors. Cases have occurred in many areas of the world, but China is one of the most common areas of the world for unauthorised translations and pirated editions to be sold.[158]
One notable case involved a French 16-year-old who published serialised translations of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows online. He was arrested and his site was later shut down; however, the wife of the official translator noted that these works do not necessarily hurt the official translation.[159]
Another example occurred in Venezuela in 2003, when an illegal translation of the fifth book, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, appeared soon after the release of the English version and five months before the scheduled release of the Spanish translation. The pirate translation was apparently so bad that the translator added messages, including "Here comes something that I'm unable to translate, sorry," and "I'm sorry, I didn't understand what that meant" in some sections. Two people were arrested in connection with the pirated version.[160]
Another case involved the internet fan translation community, Harry auf Deutsch, formed to translate the Harry Potter books into German more rapidly.[161] The German publisher of the Harry Potter books, Carlsen Verlag, filed a cease and desist against the fan translators; they complied, taking down the translations.[162]
In some countries, when there were no authorised translations into the local language, translations not sanctioned by J. K. Rowling were prepared and published. Such was the case, for example, in Sri Lanka, where the books have been unofficially translated into Sinhala and possibly into Tamil.[163] However, there have been more recent translations into both Sinhala and Tamil published by Sarasavi Bookshop and Manjul Press respectively that are authorised by J. K. Rowling.[100]
In Iran, several unauthorised translations of the Harry Potter books exist side by side. According to one source, there may be as many as 16 Persian translations in existence concurrently.[164] Iran is not a member of the Universal Copyright Convention, so publishers are not prosecuted for publishing foreign books without respecting copyright or paying royalties.[165]
A team consisting of seven Esperantist volunteers completed the translation of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone into Esperanto (under the title Hari Poter kaj la ŝtono de la saĝuloj) in 2004. Rowling's representatives did not respond to offers from Esperanto-USA to make the translation available for publication. An on-line petition aimed at raising interest in the Esperanto translation has obtained support from approximately 800 individuals.[166]
Agents representing J. K. Rowling have stated in the past that they cannot and do not intend to prevent individuals from translating Rowling's books for their own personal enjoyment, as long as the results are not made available to the general public.[167]
Fake translations[edit]
See also: Legal disputes over the Harry Potter series § International publications
Whereas "pirate translations" are unauthorised translations of true Harry Potter books, "fake translations" have also appeared, which are published pastiches or fanfics that a foreign publisher has tried to pass off as the translation of the real book by Rowling. There have been several such books, the most famous of which is probably Harry Potter and Bao Zoulong which was written and published in China in 2002, before the release of the fifth book in Rowling's series, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix.
Other fake Harry Potter books written in Chinese include Harry Potter and the Porcelain Doll (哈利・波特与瓷娃娃 or Hālì Bōtè yǔ Cíwáwa), Harry Potter and the Golden Turtle, and Harry Potter and the Crystal Vase.[168] In August 2007, The New York Times noted that the publication of Rowling's Deathly Hallows had inspired "a surge of peculiarly Chinese imitations," and included plot synopses and excerpts from a number of derivative works, among them Harry Potter and the Chinese Overseas Students at the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry and Harry Potter and the Big Funnel. [169] In 2003, legal pressure from the licensors of Harry Potter led an Indian publisher to stop publication of Harry Potter in Calcutta, a work in which Harry meets figures from Bengali literature.[170]
Regional adaptations[edit]
It is a common practice within the publishing industry to make minor changes in the text of books written in one region for publication in other regions. For example, there are a number of differences in American and UK English spelling conventions; generally publishers change the spellings to conform to the expectations of their target market. Adaptation may also extend to vocabulary or grammatical choices that might impair legibility or impart some cognitive dissonance. Readers usually wouldn't be aware of the adaptations, but the choice to change the title of the American edition of the first Harry Potter book from Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone to Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone highlighted the practice and drew considerable attention.
The book's title was changed due to the American publisher's concern that children would be confused by a reference to philosophy. Other translations have also changed the first book's title, for instance, the French translation which changed Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone to Harry Potter at the School of Wizards for the same reason as the American translation, citing that the reference to the Philosopher's Stone legend was "too obscure for a book aimed at the youth."[171]
Other translations also have regional adaptations that have largely gone without much notice. The Spanish translation has been adapted to three regions: Europe, Latin America and Southern Cone[172]. Others translations have adaptations that were published seemingly to enhance the identity of minority communities of speakers: Montenegrin (an adaptation of Serbian) and Valencian (an adaptation of Catalan). It is worth noting that some translations were completed when adaptations possibly would have been sufficient; for example, any of the Serbian, Croatian or Bosnian translations could have been adapted for each region; however, the complexities political and linguistic identity in the region probably precluded that choice.
The American English adaptations have by far received the most attention. A comprehensive list of differences between the American and British editions of the books is collected at the Harry Potter Lexicon web site.[173] The changes are mostly simple lexical switches to reflect the different dialects and prevent American readers from stumbling over unfamiliar Briticisms. Although it is common to adapt any text from British to American editions[174], in the case of the Harry Potter books, this standard practice has drawn criticism from readers who feel that the British English adds flavour to the series.[175] Rowling herself expressed regret after changing the first book's title, as the Philosopher's Stone is a legendary alchemical substance.
In an Associated Press interview, Rowling described how the alterations to the American editions came about:
Rowling pretended to bang her head against the sofa in mock frustration. "SO much has been made of that," she groans, noting that it was only done where words had been used that really meant something very different to Americans. Her American editor pointed out that the word jumper – British for pullover sweater – means a kind of dress in American. She had had no idea. "He asked, 'Can we change it to sweater,' which is just as British?" That was fine with Rowling.[176]
Publisher Arthur Levine of Scholastic explained the changes in an interview in The New Yorker:
I wasn't trying to, quote, "Americanize" them... What I was trying to do is translate, which I think is different. I wanted to make sure that an American kid reading the book would have the same literary experience that a British kid would have."[177]
The same article, however, points out that some British dialect was retained in the books, and in some cases certain phrases were replaced with more stereotypical British phrases, such as "spanking good" for "cracking."
Regional adaptations have sometimes—incorrectly—been referred to as "translations" (as in the quote above); however, the changes in the text of an adaptation do not nearly encompass the scope of a translation. A native speaker generally would not be able to tell the difference between two adaptations without careful reading. A translation requires a translator who will be credited for the work—notably, an adaptation will by performed by an editor probably with the assistance of software and the original translator will remain credited as such.
Issues in translation[edit]
The Harry Potter series presents many challenges to translators, such as rhymes, acronyms, dialects, culture, riddles, jokes, invented words, and plot points that revolve around spellings or initials. These have been dealt with by various translators with different degrees of modification to the meaning of the original text.
Translation strategies[edit]
The books carried a number of words that are considered loaded names by linguists and translators, meaning that they carry a semantic load, and that their morphology (structure) and phonology (sound) need to be adapted when translating them to a foreign language, for example the house names (Ravenclaw = raven + claw), or Voldemort's name ("flight of death" or "theft of death" in French).[178] These words were translated in different countries using several translation strategies, such as copying the names with no attempt to transmit the original English meaning, transliterating even if the name lost its original meaning, replacing the name with another given name from the target language, or translating the name using native words that conveyed the same meaning.[178][179] For example, in the Russian first book the transliterating strategy was used for some names because the "th" sound does not exist in Russian, so "Slytherin" was transliterated as "Slizerin". The translator of the second book chose the translating strategy instead, and she renamed the houses, "Hufflepuff" becoming "Puffendui" and "Ravenclaw" becoming "Kogtevran" (from the Russian word for claw, "kogot'").
Culture and language[edit]
Many of the nuances of British culture and language will be unfamiliar to international readers. Such things require careful and creative translating. Nonstandard English present in the book also had to be given careful consideration. The character Rubeus Hagrid's West Country dialect, for example, needed to be rendered in other languages to reflect the fact that he speaks with an accent and uses particular types of slang.[180] In the Japanese translation, he speaks in the Tōhoku dialect, which to a Japanese reader conveys a similar provincial feel.[181] The same was done in Ukrainian translation where Hagrid speaks Western Ukrainian dialect.[182] For the Hebrew translation, some of the Christian references were changed, because Israelis have less familiarity with cultural Christianity than readers elsewhere: a scene in which Sirius Black sings a parody of "God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen" replaced the song with a parody of "Mi Y'malel," a Chanukah song.[183] In the French translation, explanations of certain features of British schools unfamiliar to French students were inserted in the dialogues (e.g., "Prefect" and "Head Boy"), but they were not distinguished from explanations in the original text of differences between ordinary British schools and wizarding schools. This could mislead readers into thinking that these features of the house and boarding systems didn't exist in real-world British schools.[184]
Rhymes, anagrams, and acronyms[edit]
The series involves many songs, poems, and rhymes, some of which proved difficult to translators.[185] One rhyme, a riddle told by a sphinx in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, posed a particular problem.[note 2] The riddle involves taking words from a poem and using them to form a longer word, "spider," in answer to the riddle. In the Taiwanese translation, the English words are simply put in parentheses.[186] In other translations, the riddle is changed to provide different words that can be put together to make up the translated version of "spider".
Some acronyms also proved difficult; the abbreviations "O.W.L.s" (Ordinary Wizarding Levels) and "N.E.W.T.s" (Nastily Exhausting Wizarding Tests) needed to be translated to reflect the fact that their abbreviations spelled out the names of animals associated with the wizarding world, which did not always work in other languages. "N.E.W.T.s" was translated into Swedish as "F.U.T.T." (Fruktansvärt Utmattande Trollkarls-Test, Terribly Exhausting Wizard's Test). "Futt" means "measly" in Swedish.[180]
Another issue was the translation of "The Mirror of Erised". since "Erised" is created by reading English "desire" backwards. In German the word desire is spelled "Begehren", so the mirror was called "Der Spiegel Nerhegeb". The Finnish translation also follows this formula of reversing a word; the mirror is called "Iseeviot-peili" "iseeviot" being "toiveesi" ("your wish") written backwards. In Polish the mirror is called "Zwierciadło Ain Eingarp" ("zwierciadło" = "mirror"; "pragnienia" = "desire" (in genitive case)). In Indonesian, The Mirror of Erised is called "Cermin Tarsah" (cermin" = "mirror"; "hasrat" = "desire"). In Spanish it is called "El Espejo de Oesed" ("Espejo" = "Mirror"; "Deseo" = "desire"). In the early Italian editions and in the movie, the mirror is called "Specchio delle Brame" ("Mirror of Desires"; Italian name for the Magic Mirror from Snow White), later, it was renamed "Specchio delle Emarb" ("Emarb" is "Brame" readed backwards), a name based on the English one.
Areas in which anagrams are present do not make the transition easily into other languages. The name "Tom Marvolo Riddle", first mentioned in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, is rearranged to spell "I am Lord Voldemort". This has required translators to alter Riddle's name to make the anagram work. Sometimes translators manage to alter only one part of the name. For example, Tom Riddle's middle name of Marvolo was changed to Marvolodemus in the Serbian second edition; the first edition had lacked the anagram and the original name Tom Marvolo Riddle had simply been copied. In the Bulgarian translation his middle name becomes "Mersvoluko" so the whole name forms an anagram for "And here I am, Lord Voldemort" (instead of "I am Lord Voldemort" as in the original English). Analogous alterations of the middle name Marvolo have been made in several other languages; for example; it became Servolo in Brazilian Portuguese, Vandrolo in Hebrew, Marvoldo in Turkish, Vorlost in German, Narvolo in Russian, Sorvolo in Spanish, Rojvol in Czech, Marvoloso in Slovak, and Orvoloson in Italian. (Note: the original Italian version kept the English name, having Riddle translate the anagram in his speech that immediately follows. The change to Orvoloson was made in later editions.)
In other languages, translators replaced the entire name to preserve the anagram. In French, Riddle's full name becomes Tom Elvis Jedusor (i.e. phonetically "game of fate" for the French "Jeu du sort"; but there is a playword: "Jedusor" is phonetically pronounced in French as "Jet du sort" which means "Casting spell") which forms an anagram for "Je suis Voldemort" ("I am Voldemort"). In Norwegian, his name is Tom Dredolo Venster, an anagram of "Voldemort den store", which means "Voldemort the Great". In Greek, his name is "Anton Marvolo Hurt" (Άντον Μαρβόλο Χέρτ), anagram of "Άρχον Βόλντεμορτ" which means "Lord Voldemort". In Icelandic, his name is Trevor Delgome, which becomes "(Ég)Eg er Voldemort" ("I am Voldemort"), but his middle name is not used for the anagram and stays as Marvolo. In Finnish his name is "Tom Lomen Valedro"; the corresponding anagram is "Ma(ä) olen Voldemort", "I am Voldemort". In Dutch, his name is "Marten Asmodom Vilijn", an anagram of "Mijn naam is Voldemort", or "My name is Voldemort", "Vilijn" being a pseudohomophone of vilein, "evil". In Swedish, his name is "Tom Gus Mervolo Dolder", an anagram of "Ego sum Lord Voldemort", where "ego sum" is Latin, not Swedish, for "I am".
In Slovenian, both names are completely changed. Tom Marvolo Riddle is Mark Neelstin and Lord Voldemort is translated as Lord Mrlakenstein. When the name Mark Neelstin is rearranged in the scene, it spells Mrlakenstein. Because the books in Slovenia were released with a three-year delay, the translation of Voldemort is consistent throughout the series. The film series corresponds with the book translation. The Danish translation uses abbreviation and suffix to make the name work. The translation is Romeo G. Detlev Jr an anagram of "Jeg er Voldemort" ("I am Voldemort").
In Hungarian, Voldemort's name becomes "Tom Rowle Denem", which is an anagram of "Nevem Voldemort" ("My name is Voldemort"), with the "w" in the name becoming two "v"s. This caused a name collision with the character Thorfinn Rowle, who first appears in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, but who is not related to Voldemort. Because of this collision, in the Hungarian translation his family name was altered to Rovel. The Arabic version avoids the issue entirely by having Riddle directly write out, "I am Lord Voldemort" (أنا لورد فولدمورت). These changes to the name created problems in later books however; in the English edition, a line of dialogue mentions that Tom Riddle shares his given name with the bartender of the Leaky Cauldron, and this becomes a plot point. However, this is not the case in all translations. In the Latin version his name is Tom Musvox Ruddle, which is an anagram of "Sum Dux Voldemort", or "I am the leader Voldemort".
Invented words, proper nouns, and names[edit]
Rowling invented a great number of words and phrases for the books such as spells, incantations, magical words, items, and place names. Many of these words involve wordplay, rhyming, and historical references that are difficult to translate. A large number of spells are drawn from or inspired by Latin, and have a certain resonance with English speakers due to its relatively large proportion of Latinate-derived vocabulary. For example, priori incantatem (a spell which causes the last spells performed by a wand to be reproduced in reverse order) would be familiar to many English-speaking readers as the words prior (previous) and incantation (spell, charm). To create a similar effect in the Hindi version, the Sanskrit, typical in mantras, has been used for the spells. Some translators have created new words themselves; others have resorted to transliteration.
Names that involve wordplay, such as Knockturn Alley and Pensieve are also difficult to translate. The former, an unsavoury area in London's magical market, is semi-homophonous with "nocturnally," suggesting darkness and evil. The latter is a magical bowl into which memories and thoughts can be placed and examined, and is a portmanteau of two words: pensive, meaning "musingly or dreamily thoughtful," and sieve, a type of bowl with perforations through which fine particles of a substance (such as flour) may be passed to separate them from coarser ones. Translators must creatively render such names. If the words are simply transliterated, the shades of meaning are lost; but, when new word-games are invented, they can end up sounding quite different from the original, and often reflect the translator's personal interpretation and preferences. For instance, the Turkish version of Pensieve is Düşünseli, which is a portmanteau of the words Düşünmek (to think, to imagine) and sel (a flood of water). The German version of Pensieve is Denkarium, from denken, meaning to think, and the suffix -arium. The Swedish version of Pensieve is Minnessåll which means memory's sieve. The Norwegian translation of Pensieve is tanketank which translates to Thought-tank. The Hebrew version achieves a similar effect to the English in its translation of Pensieve; Pensieve is הגיגית (Hagigit), which is a combination of the word הגיג (hagig) meaning thought, and the word גיגית (gigit) meaning tub. In the Czech translation, Pensieve is "Myslánka" (from "myslet" – think) and Knockturn Alley is Obrtlá ulice, a rather complex neologism with many meanings and associations, but based on the word "obrtlík" (swivel) and the phrase "otočit se na obrtlíku" (run away suddenly). The "Nocturnal" wordplay is not used in the Czech translation. The Vietnamese version of "Pensieve" is "Tưởng Ký", which is a combination word of "tư tưởng" ("thought" or "mind") and "ký" (literally means something to keep thoughts, like a diary.)
Often, names in Harry Potter have historical or linguistic significance in English, which may create problems if the translator does not recognise or misjudges it. Rowling commented on this phenomenon in Conversations with J.K. Rowling, in which she complained that the Italian translation of Professor Dumbledore's last name was "Silente"; rather than recognizing that "Dumbledore" was an old Devon word for "bumblebee," the translator took the word "dumb" and translated it as "silent".[187] In contrast, the Czech translator used the Old Czech word for bumblebee – Brumbál (in modern Czech čmelák).
Plot points[edit]
In some cases, English-speaking fans have sought clues to the story's mysteries by examining the way certain parts of the books have been translated in foreign editions. A case in point is the identity of a character mentioned by initials only in the book Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. The English initials R.A.B. could have belonged to several minor characters from the books, but variations on the initials in other languages gave evidence to the true identity of the mystery character: in the Dutch edition of the book R.A.B. was translated into R.A.Z., 'zwart' being Dutch for 'black'; in the Norwegian edition, R.A.B. translates to 'R.A.S.', svart being Norwegian for 'black'; and in the Finnish edition the initials were R.A.M., 'musta' being Finnish for 'black'. Fans took this to mean that the character was Regulus Black, the brother of Sirius Black; when Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows was published, this was revealed to be the case.
Similarly, the title for Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix did not make it obvious whether the word "Order" referred to a group of people or to a directive. The information that it was a group of people was then determined by viewing the title in other languages. The Vietnamese translation, which was originally published in instalments, originally interpreted "Order" as a directive and translated it as "Harry Potter và Mệnh lệnh Phượng hoàng"; when it became clear that "Order" referred to a group of people, the title was changed to "Harry Potter và Hội Phượng hoàng".
Rowling released an alternative title for Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows for use by translators finding difficulty translating its meaning. The alternative title (in English) is Harry Potter and the Relics of Death.[188] In Italy the title has been translated as Harry Potter e i doni della morte replacing "hallows" with "presents" because the word "relic" is often used in reference to the remains or personal effects of a saint. This variation was proposed and then approved by J.K. Rowling. [189]
Character gender[edit]
A few characters in the series are identified with a title and last name, or with a gender-neutral name. In some languages—for example, those where adjectives are gendered—it was necessary for the translator to guess the character's gender. The Hebrew translation initially made Blaise Zabini a girl, though the character was revealed to be a boy in later books.[183] To avoid this problem, Isabel Nunes, the Portuguese translator, asked Rowling about the gender of some of the characters—Zabini, Professor Sinistra, and "R.A.B."—while working on her translations.[190]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ This should not be confused with the long-ago planned Scots Gaelic translation, initially scheduled for release in December 2006 but which was delayed indefinitely.[7][8]
Jump up ^ "The Sphinx's Song in 13 Languages" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-02-10.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "J. K. Rowling Official Site". Jkrowling.com. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ "OOTP is best seller in France – in English!". BBC. 1 July 2003.
Jump up ^ Naughton, Philippe; Sage, Adam (2007-10-12). "Who won the race to translate 'Harry Potter'? review | Children's Books – Times Online". London: Times Newspapers Ltd. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ Steven Goldstein (2004). "Translating Harry — Part I: The Language of Magic". GlobalByDesign. Archived from the original on 6 March 2007. Retrieved 9 May 2007.
Jump up ^ Emrah Güler (2005). "Not lost in translation: Harry Potter in Turkish". Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 9 May 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "The List". PotterGlot. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
Jump up ^ "News: Potter translated to Scots Gaelic". Hpana.com. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ "Gaelic Harry Potter wait". Edinburgh: Scotsman.com News. 2006-12-05. Archived from the original on 17 December 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
^ Jump up to: a b "Harry Potter to be Translated into Scots". J.K. Rowling. 2017-06-28. Retrieved 2017-06-30.
^ Jump up to: a b "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stane". Amazon. 2017-11-23. Retrieved 2017-11-23.
Jump up ^ "British Library Exhibition to be part of Bloomsbury's 20th Anniversary Celebrations of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone". Bloomsbury. Archived from the original on 29 January 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2017. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ "Writing – J.K. Rowling". J.K. Rowling. Retrieved 2017-05-27.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Харри Поттер ба Философийн Чулуу - Монсудар". Монсудар. Retrieved 2017-11-23.
Jump up ^ "Bloomsbury Provides a Number!". PotterGlot. 2017-01-19. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
Jump up ^ "Kazakhstan to translate Lord of the Rings and Harry Potter books into Kazakh language". Tengri News. 12 September 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
Jump up ^ Castle, Tim (2 December 2004). "Harry Potter? It's All Greek to Me". Reuters. Archived from the original on 19 January 2008. Retrieved 28 July 2008.
Jump up ^ (adapted for American readers) Regional adaptations do not constitute translation.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter at Bloomsbury Publishing". Bloomsbury.com. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter – Home". Allen and Unwin. Archived from the original on 28 July 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ From http://www.raincoast.com/faq: Raincoast Books was the joint publisher of Harry Potter series in Canada in conjunction with Bloomsbury Plc of London from 1999 until 2010. The Canadian editions of all the Harry Potter books have the original British text intact, the same title and feature the original cover artwork. New editions are only made if there are significant changes to the text or format. In new editions, J K Rowling has corrected some parts of the text.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter in Canada | Raincoast Books". Raincoast.com. Retrieved 2013-12-24.
Jump up ^ Jonathan Ball Publishers. "Jonathan Ball Publishers :: South African Book Publishers". Jonathanball.co.za. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter books, games, and activities for Muggles | Scholastic". Scholastic.com. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter Around the World: Africa". Education.wisc.edu. Retrieved 2013-12-24.
Jump up ^ Rosemarie Breuer. "Janie Oosthuysen-Taylor". Stellenboschwriters.com. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ "Script-writing, Translation and Dubbing by Kobus Geldenhuys". Jnweb.com. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ "Shtepiaelibrit".
Jump up ^ "Nahdet Misr Group". Nahdetmisr.com. Archived from the original on 17 January 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Dukmak, Wafa (March 2012). The Treatment of Cultural Items in the Translation of Children's Literature: The case of Harry Potter in Arabic (PDF). University of Leeds. p. 3. Retrieved 2018-04-14.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone". Zangak. Retrieved 2016-07-02.
^ Jump up to: a b "Harry Potter. Philosopher's Stone book will be released in Armenian". Aravot. Retrieved 2016-07-02.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets released in Armenian". Retrieved 2017-03-11.
Jump up ^ "Armenian Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban". Retrieved 2018-03-01.
Jump up ^ "Ediciones Trabe". trabe.org. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
Jump up ^ "С.K.Roulinq HARRİ POTTER VƏ AZKABAN MƏHBUSU". qanun.az. Retrieved 2014-08-10.
Jump up ^ "C.K.Roulinq HARRİ POTTER VƏ FƏLSƏFƏ DAŞI". Retrieved 2016-01-07.
Jump up ^ "C.K.Roulinq HARRİ POTTER VƏ SİRLİ OTAQ". Retrieved 2016-01-07.
Jump up ^ "С.K.Roulinq HARRİ POTTER VƏ AZKABAN MƏHBUSU". Retrieved 2016-01-07.
^ Jump up to: a b "J.K.Rowling – HARRİ POTTER VƏ ALOV QƏDƏHİ". Retrieved 2016-11-16.
Jump up ^ "The fourth Harry Potter book in Azerbaijani". Retrieved 2016-11-16.
^ Jump up to: a b "HARRİ POTTER VƏ SİMURQ ORDENİ – C.K.Roulinq". Retrieved 2018-03-05.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter Eta Herioaren Erlikiak". Retrieved 2009-08-07.
Jump up ^ "Cover page". ankur-prakashani.com. Archived from the original on 27 October 2006. Retrieved 2009-12-24.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter i Kamen Mudrosti". Archived from the original on 12 August 2011. Retrieved 2 June 2011.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter i Odaja Tajni". Archived from the original on 12 August 2011. Retrieved 2 June 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Harry Potter i Kamen Mudrosti". Retrieved 2015-09-17.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter i odaja tajni". Retrieved 2015-09-17.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter i zatvorenik Azkabana". Retrieved 2015-09-17.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter i plameni pehar". Retrieved 2017-03-11.
^ Jump up to: a b "Harry Potter ha Maen ar Furien". Archived from the original on 10 June 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter en breton. Sous presse aujourd'hui, dans les kiosques le 17". letelegramme.com. 2012-10-01. Retrieved 2012-10-01.
^ Jump up to: a b "Harry Potter ha Kambr ar Sekredoù". Retrieved 2017-12-04.
Jump up ^ "Хари Потър". Egmontbulgaria.com. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ "Potter-mania reaches Bulgaria – Features news". Sofiaecho.com. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ "J.K. Rowling". editorialempuries.cat. Retrieved 2009-12-24.
Jump up ^ "Tàndem Edicions".
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter i la pedra filosofal".
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter i la cambra secreta".
Jump up ^ "哈利波特:::九又四分之三月台". Crown.com.tw. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ "Algoritam Multimedia Bookshop". Algoritam.hr. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ Albatros. "Harry Potter". Albatros.cz. Retrieved 2008-12-12. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "Pavel Medek – translating the adventures of Harry Potter into Czech". Radio Prague. 2003-08-26. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter". Archived from the original on 2003-06-09.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter – De Harmonie". Harrypotter.nl. Archived from the original on 17 December 2008. Retrieved 12 December 2008.
Jump up ^ "Varrak". Varrak.ee. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ "Bókadeild Føroya Lærarafelags". Archived from the original on 2006-02-13.
Jump up ^ De Vera, Ruel S. "'Harry Potter' now in Filipino". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Ms. Kapari-Jatta has discussed her translation effort in the popular-style fact book Pollomuhku ja Posityyhtynen (2008).
^ Jump up to: a b Naughton, Philippe; Sage, Adam (2007-10-12). "Who won the race to translate 'Harry Potter'? review | Children's Books – Times Online". London: Times Online. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
^ Jump up to: a b Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them and Quidditch Through the Ages
Jump up ^ bornmeer. "Nijntje, Kikkert, Kameleon yn it Frysk, Lida Dykstra". Bornmeer.nl. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ "ბაკურ სულაკაურის გამომცემლობა (Bakur Sulakauri publishing)". Sulakauri.ge. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter un de Wunnersteen". Retrieved 2017-11-28.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Harry Potter un de grulig Kamer". Retrieved 2017-11-28.
Jump up ^ Cite error: The named reference HHPS_NDS_Amazon was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Jump up ^ Simon, Scott (14 February 2004). "NPR interview". Npr.org. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ Andrew Wilson. "The Classics Pages – Greek Harry Potter". Users.globalnet.co.uk. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ "Ο Χαρι Ποτερ". Harrypotter.psichogios.gr. Archived from the original on 21 December 2008. Retrieved 12 December 2008.
Jump up ^ "Akikillisat – Atuakkat kiilumut – Atuakkiorfik". Atuakkiorfik.gl. Archived from the original on 2 March 2001. Retrieved 12 December 2008.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter ujarallu inuunartoq". University of Calgary Faculty of Arts. Retrieved 2013-08-26.
Jump up ^ "Manjul Publishing House". manjulindia.com. Retrieved 2011-12-01. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ [1] Archived 7 May 2004 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Books In The Attic – ספרי עליית הגג – פרטי הספר". Booksintheattic.co.il. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ "When 'Harry' met Hebrew". Cleveland Jewish News. 18 October 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ "Manjul Publishing House". manjulindia.com. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter and the Wizard of Bhopal". Times of India. 2007-07-22. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ "Animus Kiadó". Animus.hu. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ "Bjartur". Bjartur.is. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ "Gramedia Pustaka Utama". Gramedia.com. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ "The Jakarta Post – The Journal of Indonesia Today". Thejakartapost.com. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ "Adriano Salani Editore". Salani.it. Archived from the original on 23 December 2008. Retrieved 12 December 2008.
Jump up ^ "Say-zan-sha Publications Ltd". Sayzansha.com. Archived from the original on 9 July 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ "From mourning to 'magic'". The Japan Times Online. Archived from the original on 4 January 2004. Retrieved 12 December 2008. [2]
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter à l'école des sorciers, en khmer". Khmerologie.wordpress.com. Retrieved 2015-09-17.
Jump up ^ web|url=http://imgur.com/77GUYBm
Jump up ^ web|url=http://kienforcefidele.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/hp2coverkh.jpg
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter mania hits Asia". MediaCorp Pte. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
^ Jump up to: a b "Amazon.com: Harrius Potter et Philosophi Lapis (Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Latin Edition): J. K. Rowling, Peter Needham: Books". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ "Jumava". Jumava.lv. Archived from the original on 2 June 2009. Retrieved 12 December 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "J. K. Rowling Official Site – List of Publishers". Jkrowling.com. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ "Den Harry Potter an den Alchimistesteen". kairos.lu. Retrieved 2009-12-24.
Jump up ^ "Хари Потер промоциjа – први април во 19 часот". Младинска книга Скопје. 2009-03-23.
Jump up ^ UNESCO. "Index Translationum". Retrieved 2016-01-11.
Jump up ^ [3] Archived 13 January 2006 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Manjul Publishing House". manjulindia.com. Archived from the original on 4 December 2010. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "The Hindu : Potter speaks Malayalam". Chennai, India: Hindu.com. 2004-07-05. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Харри Поттер ба Нууц Өрөө - Монсудар". Монсудар. Retrieved 2017-11-23.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter in Nepali". myrepublica.com. Retrieved 2011-06-10.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter is coming to Nepal!". Sunbird.org.np. Archived from the original on 25 July 2010. Retrieved 24 December 2009.
Jump up ^ "Serie – Harry Potter – Cappelen Damm". Cappelendamm.no. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
Jump up ^ "Per Noste Edicions". Per Noste Edicions. Retrieved 2012-03-08.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter e la crampa deus secrets". Per Noste Edicions. Retrieved 2012-03-08.
Jump up ^ "Wydawnictwo "Media Rodzina"". Mediarodzina.com.pl. Archived from the original on 2 July 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
Jump up ^ "Editora Rocco – Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte". Harrypotter.rocco.com.br. Archived from the original on 9 December 2008. Retrieved 14 December 2008.
Jump up ^ "Language student finds magic in translating". Archived from the original on 2006-02-14. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
Jump up ^ http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-84731270.html
^ Jump up to: a b "Harry Potter și Prințul Semisânge". Retrieved 2018-03-06.
^ Jump up to: a b "Harry Potter și piatra filosofal". Retrieved 2015-12-01.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter și Pocalul de Foc". Retrieved 2017-11-28.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter și camera secretelor". Retrieved 2017-11-28.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter și Ordinul Phoenix". Retrieved 2017-11-28.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter și prizonierul din Azkaban". Retrieved 2017-11-28.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter". Potter.rosman.ru. Archived from the original on 2012-03-06. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
Jump up ^ "Azbooka-Atticus – Hachette".
Jump up ^ "Machaon Harry Potter Catalogue". Retrieved 2015-09-17.
Jump up ^ "De Nouvelles Traduction Pour Harry Potter". 2015-02-21. Retrieved 2015-09-17.
^ Jump up to: a b "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stane - Itchy Coo". Retrieved 2017-11-23.
Jump up ^ "Hari Poter". Evro giunti. Archived from the original on 31 August 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
Jump up ^ "Hari Poter". Nova Knjiga. Retrieved 2015-09-17.
Jump up ^ "Antikvarnica koju knjige vole". Retrieved 2010-12-12.
Jump up ^ There seems to be no evidence that Books 6 and 7 were ever published in the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet.
Jump up ^ "Kapruka Sinhala Books Store". Retrieved 2011-06-09.
Jump up ^ "Joanne K. Rowlingová". Retrieved 2011-06-09.
^ Jump up to: a b "Harry Potter and the Spanish Tykes". potterglot.net. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
Jump up ^ "Ediciones Salamandra – Harry Potter". Salamandra.info. Archived from the original on 16 December 2008. Retrieved 14 December 2008.
Jump up ^ "Tiden – Harry Potter". Norstedtsforlagsgrupp.se. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
^ Jump up to: a b "Translation – Swedish Book Review 2002 Supplement". Swedishbookreview.com. Archived from the original on 13 November 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
Jump up ^ "Manjul Publishing House". manjulindia.com. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone". Manjul Publishing House. Retrieved 2015-04-29.
Jump up ^ "Microsite". Nanmeebooks.com. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
Jump up ^ This may be an unauthorised translation since one of the references cited here claims that the translation was made at least in part from the Chinese edition.
Jump up ^ "Tibetan version of "Harry Potter" issued". Archived from the original on 21 March 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter Goes To Tibet". Archived from the original on 31 December 2010. Retrieved 11 December 2010.
Jump up ^ The first official translation's title inconsistently used ve, 'and'.
Jump up ^ "J.K. Rowling – YKY". Ykykultur.com.tr. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
^ Jump up to: a b "Hürriyet". Arama.hurriyet.com.tr. Retrieved 2008-12-14. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter ve Felsefe Taşı". Retrieved 2018-04-08.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter ve Sırlar Odası". Retrieved 2018-04-08.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter ve Azkaban Tutsağı". Retrieved 2018-04-08.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter ve Ateş Kadehi". Retrieved 2018-04-08.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter ve Zümrüdüanka Yoldaşlığı". Retrieved 2018-04-08.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter ve Melez Prens". Retrieved 2018-04-08.
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter ve Ölüm Yadigârları". Retrieved 2018-04-08.
^ Jump up to: a b "Miscellanea: Harry Potter in Urdu-Dawn – Young World; April 6, 2002". Dawn.com. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
Jump up ^ "Books by Rowling J. K. (Joanne Kathleen) 1965– Urdu". Dkagencies.com. Retrieved 2013-12-24.
Jump up ^ Bootie Cosgrove-Mather (21 July 2003). "Translating Harry's Magic, Vietnam Issues First Authorized Translation Of New Harry Potter Book – CBS News". Cbsnews.com. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
Jump up ^ "BBC NEWS | Wales | Welsh Harri Potter makes debut". BBC News. 2003-07-09. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
Jump up ^ "Online translations of "Harry Potter" draw fire". News.xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on 4 May 2009. Retrieved 12 December 2008. also see Chinese literature, bookmarket
Jump up ^ Willsher, Kim (2007-08-09). "Harry Potter and the boy wizard translator | World news | guardian.co.uk". London: guardian.co.uk, Wednesday 8 August 2007 17.51 BST. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ "Potter Pirate Sorry for Mistakes". BBC News. 3 September 2003. Retrieved 2007-02-18.
Jump up ^ "Harry auf Deutsch :: Projekt-Übersicht der Harry Potter Übersetzung(en)". Harry-auf-deutsch.de. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ "BBC News | SCI/TECH | Harry Potter and the German pirates". BBC News. 2000-09-01. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ Dilshani Samaraweera (2005). "Harry Potter to fly into Sri Lanka under tight security". Lanka Business Online. Archived from the original on 20 June 2007. Retrieved 5 June 2007.
Jump up ^ "Iranian translators should observe guild's rights: Vida Eslamieh". Payvand.com. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ AFP (2007). "Iran's Potter fans join frenzy over wizard's fate". Middle East Times. Retrieved 2007-07-21. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Help us make an Esperanto Harry Potter! Archived 10 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Amy Harmon (14 July 2003). "Harry Potter and the Internet Pirates" (PDF). NYTimes.com.
Jump up ^ Leifer, Andrew. "Harry Potter and the Battle of the International Copyright Law" Archived 12 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine., Stanford University Boothe Prize, 2004. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
Jump up ^ Op-Ed Contributors. "Memo to the Dept. of Magical Copyright Enforcement", The New York Times, 2007-08-10. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
Jump up ^ Wu, Tim. "Harry Potter and the International Order of Copyright." Slate. Friday 27 June 2003. Retrieved on 11 May 2009.
Jump up ^ http://www.erudit.org/revue/meta/2006/v/n3/013553ar.html
Jump up ^ "Harry Potter and the Spanish Tykes". Retrieved 2018-03-06.
Jump up ^ Edward Olson. "HPL: Differences: CS". Hp-lexicon.org. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ "FAST-US-1 Intro to American English Reference File". Uta.fi. Archived from the original on 19 March 2015. Retrieved 12 December 2008.
Jump up ^ Gleick, Peter H. (10 July 2000). "Harry Potter, Minus a Certain Flavour". New York Times. Retrieved 2007-01-22.
Jump up ^ Woods, Audrey (6 July 2000). "Success Stuns Harry Potter Author". Associated Press.
Jump up ^ Radosh, Daniel (20 September 1999). "Why American kids don't consider Harry Potter an insufferable prig". The New Yorker.
^ Jump up to: a b Lincoln Fernandes (2006). "Translation of Names in Children's Fantasy Literature: Bringing the Young Reader into Play" (PDF). New Voices in Translation Studies (2). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 April 2009. (page 6 on pdf)
Jump up ^ Judith Inggs (May 2003). "From Harry to Garri: Strategies for the Transfer of Culture and Ideology in Russian Translations of Two English Fantasy Stories". Meta Translators' Journal. 48 (1–2 Traduction pour les enfants / Translation for children): 285–297. doi:10.7202/006975ar.
^ Jump up to: a b "Translation – Swedish Book Review 2002 Supplement". Swedishbookreview.com. Archived from the original on 13 November 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ 'Potter' makes Tohokuites proud, Masayuki Aihara, Japan Times, 30 July 2003
Jump up ^ Віктор Морозов: Завдяки українському Гаррі Поттеру у дітей відбуваються ментальні зміни
^ Jump up to: a b When Harry’ met Hebrew, Cleveland Jewish News, Sarah Bronson, 18 October 2007
Jump up ^ Anne-Lise Feral (2006), "The Translator's "Magic" Wand: Harry Potter's Journey from English into French" (PDF), Translators' Journal, 51 (3), pp. 459–481
Jump up ^ Close (2007-01-26). "Daniel Hahn: Translating involves art as well as craft". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ Greg Pringle. "The Sphinx's Riddle in the CJV translations of Harry Potter (Book 4)". Cjvlang.com. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ Conversations with J.K. Rowling, Lindsey Fraser, Arthur E. Levine Books, 2001
Jump up ^ Swedish Deathly Hallows translation may give clues, Mugglenet, 25 May 2007
Jump up ^ "La Salani chiede aiuto per Harry Potter 7 - BadTaste.it". BadTaste.it (in Italian). 2007-10-01. Retrieved 2018-03-08.
Jump up ^ Rumor: Full name of R.A.B. revealed, David Haber, 8 October 2006
External links[edit]
Children's literature portal
Book: Harry Potter
Article from "Translorial", Part I, Part II
Collection of foreign editions of "Harry Potter" books
The Sphinx's Song in 13 Languages
International cover gallery
Harry Potter name and word equivalents in many different languages
The Intricacies of Onomastics in Harry Potter and its French Translation (La Clé des Langues)
Database of Harry Potter terms and chapter titles in different languages
Dictionary of Dutch Harry Potter terms
Dictionary of Norwegian Harry Potter terms and names
Harry Potter in Chinese, Japanese and Vietnamese Translation
English – German Dictionary + Lexicon of Harry Potter terms and names
Platform 93⁄4: Crown Publishing (Taiwan) site containing lists of names, books, spells, quidditch terms, etc. in Chinese and English
Article about American English "translation"
Harry Potter terms in Japanese
Petition to help publish an Esperanto translation of Harry Potter
Interview with the Swedish translator of the series
Harry Potter books in Indian languages
Harry Potter's Polish Translation – Has Andrzej Polkowski Managed to Put it Into Polish Successfully?
Article on the Harry Potter Wiki
[hide]
v
t
e
The Harry Potter series by J. K. Rowling
Novels
The Philosopher's Stone (1997)
The Chamber of Secrets (1998)
The Prisoner of Azkaban (1999)
The Goblet of Fire (2000)
The Order of the Phoenix (2003)
The Half-Blood Prince (2005)
The Deathly Hallows (2007)
Film series
Films
The Philosopher's Stone (2001)
The Chamber of Secrets (2002)
The Prisoner of Azkaban (2004)
The Goblet of Fire (2005)
The Order of the Phoenix (2007)
The Half-Blood Prince (2009)
The Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (2010)
The Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011)
Music
The Philosopher's Stone
The Chamber of Secrets
The Prisoner of Azkaban
The Goblet of Fire
The Order of the Phoenix
The Half-Blood Prince
The Deathly Hallows – Part 1
The Deathly Hallows – Part 2
Related
Cast members
Production of The Deathly Hallows
Characters
Main
Harry Potter
Ron Weasley
Hermione Granger
Lord Voldemort
Albus Dumbledore
Severus Snape
Rubeus Hagrid
Draco Malfoy
Supporting
Ginny Weasley
Fred and George Weasley
Hogwarts staff
Order of the Phoenix
Dumbledore's Army
Death Eaters
Fictional universe
Hogwarts
Magic
Magical creatures
Magical objects
Ministry of Magic
Muggle
Places
Potions
Quidditch
Related works
Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them
Quidditch Through the Ages
The Tales of Beedle the Bard
Prequel
Pottermore
The Cursed Child
Hogwarts: An Incomplete and Unreliable Guide
Short Stories from Hogwarts of Power, Politics and Pesky Poltergeists
Short Stories from Hogwarts of Heroism, Hardship and Dangerous Hobbies
Games and toys
Quidditch World Cup
Lego Harry Potter: Years 1–4
Lego Harry Potter: Years 5–7
The Philosopher's Stone
The Chamber of Secrets
The Prisoner of Azkaban
The Goblet of Fire
The Order of the Phoenix
The Half-Blood Prince
The Deathly Hallows – Part 1
The Deathly Hallows – Part 2
Book of Spells
Book of Potions
Trading Card Game
Lego Harry Potter
Hogwarts Mystery
Wizards Unite
Attractions
The Wizarding World of Harry Potter
Orlando
Japan
Hollywood
Dragon Challenge
Flight of the Hippogriff
Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts
Harry Potter and the Forbidden Journey
Hogwarts Express
Harry Potter Movie Magic Experience
Warner Bros. Studio Tour London
Fandom
Harry Potter Alliance
The Leaky Cauldron
MuggleNet
LeakyCon
Wizard rock
Wrockstock
Severus Snape and the Marauders
Voldemort: Origins of the Heir
My Immortal
Related
Influences and analogues
Legal disputes
Parodies
Politics
Religious debates
Translation
A Very Potter Musical
The Harry Potter Lexicon
The Magical Worlds of Harry Potter
Potter Puppet Pals
Portkey Games
List of organisms named after the Harry Potter series
Book
Category
Portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harry_Potter_in_translation&oldid=836692100"
Categories:
Harry Potter in translation
Language comparison
Lists of fantasy books
Hidden categories:
Pages with reference errors
CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from October 2017
Articles with permanently dead external links
Pages with broken reference names
Webarchive template wayback links
CS1 Italian-language sources (it)
Use dmy dates from May 2013
Use British English from May 2013
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from June 2016
Articles containing Arabic-language text
Articles containing Chinese-language text
Articles containing Hebrew-language text
Articles containing Japanese-language text
Articles containing Persian-language text
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
বাংলা
Bosanski
Español
Esperanto
فارسی
Français
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
עברית
Latina
Македонски
Bahasa Melayu
Norsk
Português
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Українська
Tiếng Việt
8 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 16 April 2018, at 09:04.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

value: mw-page-base noprint

value: mw-head-base noprint

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attr: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attr: class style

value: List of literary works by number of translations

value: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone

value:
/wiki/Malayalam_language
mw-redirect
Malayalam language

value: Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix

value: Edit section: Number of official translations

value:
/wiki/Serbian_Cyrillic
mw-redirect
Serbian Cyrillic

value: no easily identifiable source for this information (June 2016)

value:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

value: Edit section: List of translations by language

value:
/wiki/Arabic_language
mw-redirect
Arabic language

value:
/wiki/Chinese_Language
mw-redirect
Chinese Language

value:
/wiki/Tammi_(publishing_company)
mw-redirect
Tammi (publishing company)

value: Jean-François Ménard (page does not exist)

value:
/wiki/Luxembourgish_language
mw-redirect
Luxembourgish language

attr: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value:
/wiki/Sinhala_language
mw-redirect
Sinhala language

value: font-family: "Noto Sans Tibetan", "Tibetan Machine Uni", "Kokonor", "Kailasa", "Microsoft Himalaya", "TCRC Youtso Unicode", "Tib-US Unicode", Arial

value: font-family: "Jameel Noori Nastaleeq","Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq","Alvi Nastaleeq","Nafees Nastaleeq","Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01","Noto Nastaliq Urdu","Pak Nastaleeq","Urdu Emad Nastaleeq","PDMS_Jauhar","Urdu Typesetting",Nafees,IranNastaliq,Amiri,Georgia,"Times New Roman",Times,sans-serif;

value: Legal disputes over the Harry Potter series

value: American and British English differences

value: Glossary of British terms not widely used in the United States

value:
/wiki/Philosopher%27s_Stone
mw-redirect
Philosopher's Stone

value:
/wiki/West_Country_dialect
mw-redirect
West Country dialect

value:
/wiki/God_Rest_Ye_Merry_Gentlemen
mw-redirect
God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen

value: Edit section: Rhymes, anagrams, and acronyms

value:
/wiki/The_Leaky_Cauldron_(pub)
mw-redirect
The Leaky Cauldron (pub)

value: Edit section: Invented words, proper nouns, and names

value:
/wiki/Knockturn_Alley
mw-redirect
Knockturn Alley

value:
/wiki/Regulus_Black
mw-redirect
Regulus Black

value:
/wiki/Sirius_Black
mw-redirect
Sirius Black

value:
nofollow
https://www.potterglot.net/the-list/
external text

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.hpana.com/news.17417.html

value: Category:CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown

value:
nofollow
https://www.jkrowling.com/writing/
external text

value:
nofollow
http://www.monsudar.mn/books/view/140/
external text

value:
nofollow
http://www.bloomsbury.com/harrypotter/
external text

value:
nofollow
http://harrypotter.allenandunwin.com/
external text

value:
nofollow
external free
http://www.raincoast.com/faq

value:
nofollow
http://www.raincoast.com/harrypotter/
external text

value:
nofollow
http://www.jonathanball.co.za/
external text

value:
nofollow
http://www.jnweb.com/translation/
external text

value:
nofollow
http://en.aravot.am/2016/02/19/174383/
external text

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.qanun.az/?s=Harri+Potter

value:
nofollow
http://www.crown.com.tw/harrypotter/
external text

value:
nofollow
http://www.albatros.cz/phprs_harry/
external text

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.radio.cz/en/issue/44547

value:
nofollow
http://www.harrypotter.dk/
external text

value:
nofollow
http://www.varrak.ee/
external text

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.bfl.fo/bkeninfo.htm

value:
nofollow
http://www.bornmeer.nl/
external text

value:
nofollow
http://www.sulakauri.ge/
external text

value: Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text

value:
nofollow
http://www.atuakkiorfik.gl/
external text

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.animus.hu

value:
nofollow
http://www.bjartur.is/
external text

value:
nofollow
http://www.gramedia.com/
external text

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.salani.it/sal-2.htm

value:
nofollow
external free
http://imgur.com/77GUYBm

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.jumava.lv/en/about_us

value:
nofollow
http://www.monsudar.mn/books/view/139/
external text

value:
nofollow
http://www.harrypotter.rocco.com.br/
external text

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.salamandra.info/harry/h.htm

value:
nofollow
http://www.harry-auf-deutsch.de/
external text

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.hp-esperanto.com/?lang=en

value:
nofollow
http://www.slate.com/id/2084960/
external text

value: New Voices in Translation Studies (page does not exist)

value: Meta Translators' Journal (page does not exist)

value:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.7202%2F006975ar

value: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

value: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

value: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

value:
nofollow
http://home.hccnet.nl/h.kip/kaft/
external text

value:
nofollow
http://www.m5p.com/~pravn/hp/langs/
external text

value: Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban

value: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)

value: Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (film)

value: Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (film)

value: Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (film)

value: Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film)

value: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film)

value: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1

value: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2

value: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (soundtrack)

value: Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (soundtrack)

value: Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (soundtrack)

value: Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (soundtrack)

value: Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (soundtrack)

value: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (soundtrack)

value: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (soundtrack)

value: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (soundtrack)

value: Production of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows

value: List of supporting Harry Potter characters

value: Order of the Phoenix (fictional organisation)

value: Hogwarts: An Incomplete and Unreliable Guide

value: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (video game)

value: Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (video game)

value: Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (video game)

value: Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (video game)

value: Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (video game)

value: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (video game)

value: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (video game)

value: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (video game)

value: The Wizarding World of Harry Potter (Universal Orlando Resort)

value: The Wizarding World of Harry Potter (Universal Studios Japan)

value: The Wizarding World of Harry Potter (Universal Studios Hollywood)

value: Harry Potter and the Escape from Gringotts

value: Hogwarts Express (Universal Orlando Resort)

value:
/wiki/Warner_Bros._Studio_Tour_London
mw-redirect
Warner Bros. Studio Tour London

value: Religious debates over the Harry Potter series

value: List of organisms named after the Harry Potter series

attr: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value: Category:All articles with dead external links

value: Category:Articles with dead external links from October 2017

value: Category:Articles with permanently dead external links

value: Category:Pages with broken reference names

value: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

value: Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)

value: Category:Use British English from May 2013

value: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

value: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2016

value: Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text

value: Category:Articles containing Chinese-language text

value: Category:Articles containing Hebrew-language text

value: Category:Articles containing Japanese-language text

value: Category:Articles containing Persian-language text

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value:
/wiki/Harry_Potter_in_translation
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

value: অনুবাদে হ্যারি পটার – Bangla

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bs
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

value: ترجمه هری پاتر – Persian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

value: תרגומי הארי פוטר – Hebrew

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-la
display: none;

value: Хари Потер во превод – Macedonian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mk
display: none;

value: Liste over figurer i Harry Potter-serien i oversettelser – Norwegian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

value: Harry Potter u prijevodu – Serbo-Croatian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

value: «Гаррі Поттер» у перекладах – Ukrainian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

value: Harry Potter trong các phiên bản ngôn ngữ – Vietnamese

value: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

value: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

value: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Harry_Potter_in_translation rootpage-Harry_Potter_in_translation skin-vector action-view