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Caucasus Mountains
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For the lunar mountain range, see Montes Caucasus.
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Caucasus Mountains
Aerial view of the Caucasus Mountains
Highest point
Peak
Mount Elbrus
Elevation
5,642 m (18,510 ft)
Coordinates
43°21′18″N 42°26′31″E / 43.35500°N 42.44194°E / 43.35500; 42.44194
Dimensions
Length
1,100 km (680 mi)
Width
160 km (99 mi)
Geography
Topographic map
Countries
Russia, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan
Range coordinates
42°30′N 45°00′E / 42.5°N 45°E / 42.5; 45Coordinates: 42°30′N 45°00′E / 42.5°N 45°E / 42.5; 45
Satellite image of the Caucasus Mountains
The Caucasus Mountains[a] are a mountain system in West Asia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea in the Caucasus region.
The Caucasus Mountains include the Greater Caucasus in the north and Lesser Caucasus in the south. The Greater Caucasus runs west-northwest to east-southeast, from the Caucasian Natural Reserve in the vicinity of Sochi on the northeastern shore of the Black Sea nearly to Baku on the Caspian Sea. The Lesser Caucasus runs parallel to the Greater about 100 km (62 mi) south.[1] The Greater and Lesser Caucasus ranges are connected by the Likhi Range, and to the west and east of the Likhi Range lie the Colchis Plain and the Kur-Araz Lowland. The Meskheti Range is a part of the Lesser Caucasus system. In the southeast the Aras River separates the Lesser Caucasus from the Talysh Mountains which straddle the border of southeastern Azerbaijan and Iran. The Lesser Caucasus and the Armenian Highland constitute the Transcaucasian Highland, which at their western end converge with the highland plateau of Eastern Anatolia in the far north east of Turkey. The highest peak in the Caucasus range is Mount Elbrus in the Greater Caucasus, which rises to a height of 5,642 metres (18,510 ft) above sea level. Mountains near Sochi hosted part of the 2014 Winter Olympics.
Contents
[hide]
1 Geology
2 Notable peaks
3 Climate
4 Landscape
5 History
6 Image gallery
7 Notes
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
Geology[edit]
Geologically, the Caucasus Mountains belong to a system that extends from southeastern Europe into Asia. The Greater Caucasus Mountains are mainly composed of Cretaceous and Jurassic rocks with the Paleozoic and Precambrian rocks in the higher regions. Some volcanic formations are found throughout the range. On the other hand, the Lesser Caucasus Mountains are formed predominantly of the Paleogene rocks with a much smaller portion of the Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks. The evolution of the Caucasus began from the Late Triassic to the Late Jurassic during the Cimmerian orogeny at the active margin of the Tethys Ocean while the uplift of the Greater Caucasus is dated to the Miocene during the Alpine orogeny.
The Caucasus Mountains formed largely as the result of a tectonic plate collision between the Arabian plate moving northwards with respect to the Eurasian plate. As the Tethys Sea was closed and the Arabian Plate collided with the Iranian Plate and was pushed against it and with the clockwise movement of the Eurasian Plate towards the Iranian Plate and their final collision, the Iranian Plate was pressed against the Eurasian Plate. As this happened, the entire rocks that had been deposited in this basin from the Jurassic to the Miocene were folded to form the Greater Caucasus Mountains. This collision also caused the uplift and the Cenozoic volcanic activity in the Lesser Caucasus Mountains.
The entire region is regularly subjected to strong earthquakes from this activity.[2] While the Greater Caucasus Mountains have a mainly folded sedimentary structure, the Lesser Caucasus Mountains are largely of volcanic origin.[3]
The Javakheti Volcanic Plateau in Georgia and the surrounding volcanic ranges which extend well into central Armenia are some of the youngest features of the region. Only recently was the Caucasus a scene for intense volcanic activity: the Armenian highland was flooded by calc-alkaline basalts and andesites in the Pliocene and the highest summits of the Caucasus, the Elbrus, and the Kazbek, formed as Pleistocene-Pliocene volcanoes. The Kazbek is no longer active, but the Elbrus erupted in postglacial times and fumarole activity is registered near its summit. Contemporary seismic activity is a prominent feature of the region, reflecting active faulting and crustal shortening. Clusters of seismicity occur in Dagestan and in northern Armenia. Many devastating earthquakes have been documented in historical times, including the Spitak earthquake in December 1988 which destroyed the Gyumri-Vanadzor region of Armenia.
Notable peaks[edit]
Europe's highest mountain is Mount Elbrus 5,642 m (18,510 ft) in the Caucasus Mountains.[4] Elbrus is 832 m (2,730 ft) higher than Mont Blanc, the highest peak in the Alps at 4,810 m (15,780 ft). The Caucasus Mountains are defined as the continental divide between Asia and Europe for the region between the Black and Caspian Seas.
The table below lists some of the highest peaks of the Caucasus. With the exception of Shkhara, the heights are taken from Soviet 1:50,000 mapping. There are higher and more prominent, but nameless, peaks than some of the peaks included below.
Peak name
Elevation (m)
Prominence (m)
Country
Elbrus 5,642 4,741 Russia
Dykh-Tau 5,205 2,002 Russia
Shkhara 5,201 1,365 Georgia/Russia
Koshtan-Tau 5,152 822 Russia
Janga (Jangi-Tau) 5,059 300 Georgia/Russia
Ararat 5,137 3,611 Turkey
Kazbek 5,047 2,353 Georgia/Russia
Pushkin 5,033 110 Georgia/Russia
Katyn-Tau 4,979 240 Georgia/Russia
Gistola 4,860 Georgia
Shota Rustaveli 4,860 c.50 Georgia/Russia
Tetnuldi 4,858 672 Georgia
Dzhimara 4,780 Georgia/Russia
Ushba 4,710 1,143 Georgia
Ailama 4,547 1,067 Georgia
Tebulos 4,499 2,145 Georgia/Russia
Mount Bazardüzü 4,466 2,454 Azerbaijan
Tepli 4,431 Russia
Diklo 4,285 843 Georgia
Mount Shahdagh 4,243 Azerbaijan
Gora Addala Shukgelmezr 4,152 1,792 Russia
Gora Dyultydag 4,127 1,834 Russia
Aragats 4,090 2,143 Armenia
Climate[edit]
Aishkho Pass, Caucasus Nature Reserve
The climate of the Caucasus varies both vertically (according to elevation) and horizontally (by latitude and location). Temperature generally decreases as elevation rises. Average annual temperature in Sukhumi, Abkhazia at sea level is 15 °C (59 °F) while on the slopes of Mt.Kazbek at an elevation of 3,700 metres (12,100 ft), average annual temperature falls to−6.1 °C (21.0 °F). The northern slopes of the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range are 3 °C (5.4 °F) colder than the southern slopes. The highlands of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains in Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia are marked by sharp temperature contrasts between the summer and winter months due to a more continental climate.
Precipitation increases from east to west in most areas. Elevation plays an important role in the Caucasus and mountains generally receive higher amounts of precipitation than low-lying areas. The northeastern regions (Dagestan) and the southern portions of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains are the driest. The absolute minimum annual precipitation is 250 mm (9.84 in) in the northeastern Caspian Depression. Western parts of the Caucasus Mountains are marked by high amounts of precipitation. The southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range receive higher amounts of precipitation than the northern slopes. Annual precipitation in the Western Caucasus ranges from 1,000 to 4,000 mm (39.37–157.48 in) while in the Eastern and Northern Caucasus (Chechnya, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Ossetia, Kakheti, Kartli, etc.) precipitation ranges from 600 to 1,800 mm (23.62–70.87 in). The absolute maximum annual precipitation is 4,100 mm (161.42 in) around the Mt. Mtirala area which lies on the Meskheti Range in Ajaria. The precipitation of the Lesser Caucasus Mountain Range (Southern Georgia, Armenia, western Azerbaijan), not including the Meskheti Range, varies from 300-800 mm (31.50 in) annually.
The Caucasus Mountains are known for the high amount of snowfall, although many regions which are not located along the windward slopes do not receive nearly as much snow. This is especially true for the Lesser Caucasus Mountains which are somewhat isolated from the moist influences coming in from the Black Sea and receive considerably less precipitation (in the form of snow) than the Greater Caucasus Mountains. The average winter snow cover of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains ranges from 10 to 30 cm (3.94–11.81 in). The Greater Caucasus Mountains (especially the southwestern slopes) are marked by heavy snowfall. Avalanches are common from November to April.
Snow cover in several regions (Svaneti and northern Abkhazia) may reach 5 metres (16 ft). The Mt. Achishkho region, which is the snowiest place in the Caucasus, often records snow depths of 7 m (23 ft).
Landscape[edit]
The Caucasus Mountains have a varied landscape which mainly changes according to elevation and distance from large bodies of water. The region contains biomes ranging from subtropical lowland marshes and forests to glaciers (Western and Central Caucasus), and highland semideserts, steppes, and alpine meadows in the south (mainly in Armenia and Azerbaijan).
The northern slopes of the Greater Caucasus Mountains are covered by oak, hornbeam, maple, and ash forests at lower elevations while birch and pine forests take over at higher elevations. Some of the lowest areas of the region are covered by steppes and grasslands. The slopes of the Northwestern Greater Caucasus (Kabardino-Balkaria, Cherkessia, etc.) also contain spruce and fir forests. The alpine zone replaces the forest at around 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) above sea level. The permafrost/glacier line generally starts around 2,800–3,000 metres (9,200–9,800 ft). The southeastern slopes of the Greater Caucasus Mountains are covered by beech, oak, maple, hornbeam, and ash forests. Beech forests tend to dominate in higher locations. The southwestern slopes of the Greater Caucasus are covered by Colchian forests (oak, buxus, beech, chestnut, hornbeam, elm) at lower elevations with coniferous and mixed forests (spruce, fir and beech) taking over at higher elevations. The alpine zone on the southern slopes may extend up to 2,800 metres (9,200 ft) above sea level while the glacier/snow line starts at 3,000–3,500 metres (9,800–11,500 ft).
The northern and western slopes of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains are characterized both by Colchian and other deciduous forests at lower elevations while mixed and coniferous forests (mainly spruce and fir) dominate at higher elevations. Beech forests are also common at higher elevations. The southern slopes of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains are largely covered by grasslands and steppes up to an elevation of 2,500 metres (8,200 ft). The highest areas of the region contain alpine grasslands as well. Volcanic and other rock formations are common throughout the region. The volcanic zone extends over a large area from southern Georgia into Armenia and southwestern Azerbaijan. Some of the prominent peaks of the region include Mt. Aragats, Didi Abuli, Samsari, and others. The area is characterized by volcanic plateaus, lava flows, volcanic lakes, volcanic cones and other features. The Lesser Caucasus Mountains lack the type of glaciers and glacial features that are common on the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range.
History[edit]
Further information: History of the Caucasus
Crossing the Caucasus Mountain range was an important section of the northern arm of the Silk Route. There was one pass on the southeast end in Derbent (crossing the Great Wall of Gorgan (also known as Alexander the Great's Wall)), and multiple passes throughout the range: Jvari Pass at 2379 m and above the Darial Gorge on the Georgian Military Road, Mamison Pass on the Ossetian Military Road at 2911 m, and Roki Tunnel at 2310 m. See Russian conquest of the Caucasus.
Image gallery[edit]
Mount Elbrus viewed from the south in Russia
Komito Mountain in Chechnya
Caucasus Mountains in Svaneti, Georgia
Chaukhi mountain in Khevi, Georgia
A gorge in Dagestan, Russia
Twin-peaked Ushba in Georgia
Mount Shkhara in Georgia
Mount Ararat in Turkey, viewed from Armenia
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Native names:
Georgian: კავკასიონი, translit.: k'avk'asioni,
pronounced [kʼɑvkʼɑsiɔni]
Armenian: Կովկասյան լեռներ, Kovkasyan leṙner
pronounced [kɔvkɑsjɑn lɛrˈnɛɾ]
Azerbaijani: Qafqaz dağları, pronounced [qɑfqɑz dɑʁlɑrɯ]
Russian: Кавка́зские го́ры, tr. Kavkázskiye góry, IPA: [kɐfˈkasːkʲɪje ˈɡorɨ]
Turkish: Kafkas Dağları, Turkish pronunciation: [kɑfkɑs dɑːɫɑrɯ]
Persian: كوه هاى قفقاز
References[edit]
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Caucasus.
Parts of this article are from the NASA Earth Observatory; [1]
Jump up ^ Stokes, Chris R (2011). Singh, Vijay P.; Haritashya, Umesh K., eds. Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers. Spring Science & Business Media. p. 127. ISBN 9789048126415. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
Jump up ^ Reilinger; McClusky; Oral; King; Toksoz; Barka; Kinik; Lenk; Sanli (Jan 1997). "Global Positioning System measurements of present-day crustal movements in the Arabia-Africa-Eurasia plate collision zone". Journal of Geophysical Research. 102 (B5): 9983–9999. Bibcode:1997JGR...102.9983R. doi:10.1029/96JB03736.
Jump up ^ Philip, H.; Cisternas, A.; Gvishiani, A.; Gorshkov, A. (1 April 1989). "The Caucasus". Tectnophysics. 161 (1–2): 1–21. Bibcode:1989Tectp.161....1P. doi:10.1016/0040-1951(89)90297-7.
Jump up ^ Mt. Elbrus : Image of the Day. Earthobservatory.nasa.gov. Retrieved on 16 February 2015
Further reading[edit]
Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus, By Svante E. Cornell, Routledge.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Caucasus mountains.
NASA Earth Observatory images of the Caucasus: [2]
"Highest Peaks of the Caucasus from peakbagger.com". Peakbagger.com.
List of the most prominent mountains in the Caucasus
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caucasus_Mountains&oldid=818816860"
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Crazy Ex-Girlfriend (TV series)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the LMN series with a similar title, see My Crazy Ex.
Crazy Ex-Girlfriend
Genre
Romantic comedy[1]
Black comedy[2][3]
Satire[4]
Comedy-drama[5]
Musical
Cringe comedy[6]
Created by
Rachel Bloom
Aline Brosh McKenna
Starring
Rachel Bloom
Vincent Rodriguez III
Santino Fontana
Donna Lynne Champlin
Pete Gardner
Vella Lovell
Gabrielle Ruiz
David Hull
Scott Michael Foster
Opening theme
"Crazy Ex-Girlfriend" performed by Rachel Bloom (season 1)
"I'm Just a Girl in Love" performed by Rachel Bloom (season 2)
"You Do/You Don't Wanna Be Crazy" performed by Rachel Bloom (season 3)
Ending theme
"Crazy Ex-Girlfriend" (instrumental, season 1)
"I'm Just a Girl in Love" (instrumental, season 2)
"You Do/You Don't Wanna Be Crazy" (instrumental, season 3)
Composer(s)
Adam Schlesinger
Jerome Kurtenbach (pilot only)
Frank Ciampi
Tom Polce
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
3
No. of episodes
44 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Aline Brosh McKenna
Rachel Bloom
Marc Webb
Erin Ehrlich
Sarah Caplan
Michael Hitchcock
Producer(s)
Sarah Caplan
Rachel Specter
Audrey Wauchope
Rene Gube
Location(s)
West Covina, California
Camera setup
Single-camera
Running time
39–43 minutes
Production company(s)
LeanMachine
webbterfuge (season 1)
Black Lamb (season 2–present)
racheldoesstuff (season 2–present)
Warner Bros. Television
CBS Television Studios
Distributor
CBS Television Distribution
Release
Original network
The CW
Original release
October 12, 2015 (2015-10-12) – present
External links
Website
Crazy Ex-Girlfriend is an American romantic musical comedy-drama television series which premiered on October 12, 2015, on The CW.[7][8] The series was created by Rachel Bloom and Aline Brosh McKenna, and stars Bloom in the lead role.
On April 2, 2018, The CW renewed the series for a fourth and final season.[9][10]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast and characters
2.1 Main
2.2 Recurring
2.2.1 Secondary Cast
2.3 Notable guest stars
3 Episodes
4 Production
4.1 Development
4.2 Casting
4.3 Music
5 Themes
5.1 Mental illness
5.2 Female sexuality and the reproductive system
5.3 Parenting
6 Reception
6.1 Critical reception
6.1.1 Critics' year-end lists
6.2 Ratings
6.3 Accolades
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
Rebecca Bunch is a Yale- and Harvard-educated real-estate lawyer who works for a top New York City law firm. She panics when offered a partnership with the firm, and bumps into her first love from summer camp, Josh Chan, on the street. Josh tells her he could not make it in New York City and is moving back to his hometown of West Covina, California ("Just two hours from the beach, four hours in traffic"). While watching a butter spread commercial, Rebecca decides to follow Josh in search of happiness. She hops on a plane to Los Angeles, drives to West Covina, gets a job at Darryl Whitefeather's West Covina law firm, rents an apartment, and flushes all her depression and anxiety meds down the sink. She becomes friends with the firm's paralegal, Paula, and her neighbor, Heather, and begins an on-again-off-again relationship with Josh's friend Greg, all while trying to reconnect with Josh.
Cast and characters[edit]
Main article: List of Crazy Ex-Girlfriend characters
Main[edit]
Rachel Bloom as Rebecca Nora Bunch, a lawyer originally from New York City. Rebecca suffers from symptoms of depression and anxiety. She is prone to impulsive decisions and delusions. Rebecca tends to hallucinate when she's under emotional distress. Rebecca uproots her life and relocates to the suburb of West Covina, California, in an attempt to win back her childhood ex-boyfriend, Josh. Intelligent but often lacking awareness of appropriate behavior in a given situation, Rebecca comes across as socially awkward, selfish, self-centered, needy, and eccentric to those around her. In "Josh is Irrelevant," it is revealed that she was misdiagnosed and Dr. Shin and Dr. Akopian diagnosed her with borderline personality disorder (BPD).
Vincent Rodriguez III as Joshua "Josh" Felix Chan, Rebecca's caring yet occasionally dim-witted ex-boyfriend and the object of her affection for much of the series. Josh demonstrates commitment issues in his relationship with Rebecca and is a very oblivious person. Like Rebecca, Josh has a tendency to be self-centered and comes off as such to those around him. Josh has since improved as a person and had apologized to Rebecca for the mistakes he made in their relationship. He is currently on a journey of self discovery as he tries to find his path and what he wants in life.
Santino Fontana as Greg Serrano, a smart but underachieving bartender and Josh's best friend, who has complicated feelings for Rebecca. He departs West Covina to attend business school at Emory University, partly as a way to get away from his destructive relationship with Rebecca, despite his feelings for her. Although he struggles with alcoholism throughout season 1, he comes to terms with his addiction in season 2. In "Josh's Ex-Girlfriend Is Crazy," it is revealed that Greg has a new girlfriend and is doing well. (seasons 1–2)
Donna Lynne Champlin as Paula Proctor (née O'Brien), Rebecca's co-worker and new best friend. As a way to distract herself from her own failing marriage, Paula hatches schemes and gives questionable advice in support of Rebecca's pursuit of Josh, mostly to compensate for her lack of fulfillment from not pursuing her dreams when she was younger. She later begins to focus instead on pursuing her law degree. She and Scott have a tendency to be very neglectful parents which is a recurring gag in the show. A unique thing about Paula is that she has a wide array of gadgets at her disposal such as tracking devices that are obtained through various means legal or otherwise and her skills in tracking, spying, hacking, manipulation, blackmailing and coercion.
Pete Gardner as Darryl Whitefeather, Rebecca's sentimental, emotional and often clueless boss. A middle-aged divorced dad, he discovers he is bisexual and begins dating Josh Wilson. He is prone to feelings of loneliness and neediness over the fact that he originally lacked strong friendships and real personal connections with others. He later forms friendships with Maya, Nathaniel, Rebecca, and Paula, whom he considers his best friend. Darryl and White Josh are the only consistently stable romantic relationship in the show, though they eventually break up over Darryl's desire to have a baby. Despite having a good heart, Darryl is very forceful and often tries very hard to force his ideas, beliefs, and schemes onto others.
Vella Lovell as Heather Davis, Rebecca's "cool" college student neighbor, and later room-mate, who gives sage advice and discovers she has feelings for Greg. She lacks motivation for obtaining any form of achievement or self-sufficiency, due to the fact that her parents encouraged failure and coddled her. In season 3, Heather is forced by her college to graduate despite her wishes, and later becomes a regional manager for three Home Base bars as well as Darryl's surrogate.
Gabrielle Ruiz as "Valencia" Maria Perez, Josh's controlling girlfriend and Rebecca's rival for Josh's affections. She initially had a strong resistance to forming relationships with women, as she saw them as competition, making her socially inept and disliked among her female peers. She feels unfulfilled and unsatisfied with her life after having devoted 15 years of her life to her relationship with Josh. A recurring gag in the show is that Valencia is believed to suffer from insecurities over her body image. It has recently been developed that Valencia is bisexual and she is now dating a woman named Beth. They are in a party planning business together. (recurring, season 1; main, seasons 2—present)
David Hull as Josh Wilson, Josh Chan's Caucasian friend, usually referred to as "White Josh" or "Whi-Jo", a laid-back fitness instructor. He begins dating Darryl after the latter comes out as bisexual. Josh Wilson tends to be judgmental yet is one of the most level-headed, rational characters in his social sphere. He and Darryl break up over Darryl's desire to have a baby, but stay on friendly terms. (recurring, seasons 1-2; main, seasons 3—present)
Scott Michael Foster as Nathaniel Plimpton III, a successful lawyer and Rebecca's new boss in season 2 after he buys equity in Whitefeather & Associates. He and Rebecca have a complicated relationship due to mutual dislike yet intense physical attraction to one other, and explore a relationship through part of season 3. He possesses an inferiority complex, feeling that he needs to live up to his father's expectations; he tends to become self-loathing and defeatist when he fails to do so. Nathaniel is somewhat sociopathic because he initially didn't have any qualms about doing things that would be deemed by most as evil. (recurring, season 2; main, seasons 3—present)
Recurring[edit]
Secondary Cast[edit]
Erick Lopez as Hector, a randy and occasionally oblivious friend of Josh and Greg. He still lives with his mother, with whom he has an unusually close relationship. He is currently Heather's boyfriend. Hector has come to realize his co-dependent relationship with his mother was unhealthy and had moved out.
Tovah Feldshuh as Naomi Bunch, Rebecca's divorced, controlling, and overbearing Jewish mother.
Steve Monroe as Scott Proctor, Paula's husband. They begin to address their marital problems when he is roped into Paula's scheming. He confesses to cheating on Paula in season 2. A recurring gag in the show is that Scott and Paula are neglectful parents.
Gina Gallego as Mrs. Hernandez, the communications director at Whitefeather. Although mute for all of season 1, she finally speaks in "Who Is Josh's Soup Fairy?". She generally dislikes Rebecca and disapproves of her life choices.
Rene Gube as Father Joseph, also known as Father Brah, a laid-back young priest who is Josh's childhood friend and confidant. He's shown to occasionally indulge in un-priestly behavior, including smoking marijuana and gambling.
Amy Hill as Lourdes Chan, Josh's mother who is openly critical of Valencia throughout the series, and very fond of Rebecca, even after she and Josh break up.
Johnny Ray Meeks as Kevin, Greg's overly accommodating boss.
Michael Hyatt as Dr. Noelle Akopian, Rebecca's straight-laced and perpetually frustrated psychiatrist. Rebecca imagines a more vibrant version of Dr. Akopian giving her advice.
Piter Marek as Dr. Davit Akopian, Noelle's husband, who also is a psychiatrist. He acted as Darryl's and White Josh's relationship counselor in the season 3 premiere episode "Josh's Ex-Girlfriend Wants Revenge".
Jay Hayden as Dr. Daniel Shin, Rebecca's new doctor.[11] (season 3)
Michael McMillian as Tim, he and his friend Jim are staffers at Whitefeather & Associates who were initially antagonistic toward Rebecca and Paula. He unwillingly became friends with Paula after she promised not deport him to his home country of Canada because he's an illegal immigrant. He is one of Paula's favorite people to pick on whether intentional or not.
Paul Welsh as Trent Maddock, Rebecca's old Harvard classmate who has an obsessive crush on her.
Stephnie Weir as Karen, Rebecca's co-worker with off-putting personality quirks, including a tendency for giving away too much information. (seasons 1-2)
Danny Jolles as George, an employee that works at Whitefeather & Associates, though none of his co-workers know his name. Beginning in season 3 he has become friends with Nathaniel.
Esther Povitsky as Maya, the millennial administrative assistant at Whitefeather & Associates who is a close friend of Darryl's.
Burl Moseley as Jim, he and his friend Tim are staffers at Whitefeather & Associates who were initially antagonistic toward Rebecca and Paula.
Jacob Guenther as Chris, a young boy who is Greg's friend and who also frequents Home Base, the bar where Greg worked and, eventually, Heather works and where Josh's gang frequents, offering precocious commentary.
Zayne Emory (season 1 and season 3) and Elijah Nelson (season 2) as Brendan Proctor, Paula's and Scott's oldest son.
Steele Stebbins as Tommy Proctor, Paula's and Scott's youngest son.
Olivia Edward as Madison Whitefeather, Darryl's daughter from his previous marriage. She has her own YouTube page where she showcases her pet snails that she often names after figures in popular culture. She is fond of her father's boyfriend, White Josh.
Ava Acres as Young Rebecca, shown in flashbacks that detail the origins of Rebecca's various neuroses. (seasons 1,3)
Emma Willmann as Beth, she is currently Valencia's girlfriend and they are in business together.
Notable guest stars[edit]
Roshon Fegan as Nguyen
Phil McGraw as himself (seasons 1, 3)
Amber Riley and Ricki Lake as the Dream Ghosts
BJ Novak as himself
Lea Salonga as Aunt Myrna, Josh's Aunt
Patton Oswalt as Castleman, a graveyard security guard
Patti LuPone as Rabbi Shari, Rebecca's rabbi from Scarsdale
Seth Green as Patrick, a delivery guy
Adam Kaufman as Robert Donnelly, Rebecca's former professor at Harvard, with whom she had an affair
Josh Groban as himself
Bayne Gibby as Cornelia, Rebecca's replacement at Whitefeather
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of Crazy Ex-Girlfriend episodes
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
1 18 October 12, 2015 (2015-10-12) April 18, 2016 (2016-04-18)
2 13 October 21, 2016 (2016-10-21) February 3, 2017 (2017-02-03)
3 13 October 13, 2017 (2017-10-13) February 16, 2018 (2018-02-16)
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
The series was originally developed for Showtime, and a pilot was produced, but Showtime opted not to proceed with it on February 9, 2015.[12] The CW picked up the series on May 7, 2015, for the Fall 2015–2016 season.[13] The series has been extensively reworked for The CW, expanding the show format from a half-hour to a full hour and adjusting the content for broadcast television, as the original pilot was produced for premium cable. This included omitting that Rebecca had obtained an abortion before the show.[14] On October 5, 2015, shortly before the series premiere, The CW placed an order of five additional scripts.[15] On November 23, 2015, the CW ordered another five episodes,[16] raising the total for season 1 to 18.[17] On March 11, 2016, Crazy Ex-Girlfriend was renewed for a second season, along with eleven other CW series.[18] The second season commenced on October 21, 2016. The second season is shown in the UK on Netflix with episodes available the Saturday after the U.S. airdate. On January 8, 2017, The CW renewed the series for a third season, which premiered on October 13, 2017.[19]
Casting[edit]
On September 30, 2014, Santino Fontana, Donna Lynne Champlin, Vincent Rodriguez III and Michael McDonald joined Rachel Bloom in the series regular cast.[20] With the move to The CW, the series went through casting changes and McDonald departed the cast.[14] Shortly afterwards, Vella Lovell and Pete Gardner were added as regulars; with Lovell in the role of Heather, Rebecca's underachieving neighbor; and Gardner replacing McDonald in the role of Darryl, Rebecca's new boss.[21]
On May 23, 2016, it was announced that Gabrielle Ruiz, who portrays Valencia, was promoted to series regular for season two.[22] In November 2016, it was announced that Santino Fontana would be departing the series, with episode four of the second season resulting as his last as a series regular.[23]
On April 5, 2017, it was announced that David Hull and Scott Michael Foster, who portray White Josh and Nathaniel respectively, were promoted to series regulars for season three.[24]
Music[edit]
Each episode contains two to four original songs. These are usually sung by Rebecca or a character with whom she is having a direct interaction, parodying the musical theater conceit of characters bursting into song at significant moments in the plot. In "Josh Has No Idea Where I Am", it is revealed that Rebecca has these musical fantasies out of passion for her love of musical theater. In later episodes, several other characters sing while Rebecca is not present.
A few of the songs on the show are shot twice, one clean version and an explicit version. The explicit versions are posted on Bloom's YouTube channel.[25]
"Crazy Ex-Girlfriend: Original Television Soundtrack (Season 1 - Volume 1)" was released on February 19, 2016 in both explicit and clean versions. It includes all the songs from the first eight episodes of season one, alongside Bloom's a cappella rough demos of "Feeling Kinda Naughty", "I Have Friends", "Settle for Me," and "Sex with a Stranger" as well as Adam Schlesinger's demo version of "What'll It Be".[26]
"Crazy Ex-Girlfriend: Original Television Soundtrack (Season 1 - Vol. 2)" was released on May 20, 2016. It includes all the songs from the last 10 episodes of season one, as well as demos of "JAP Battle", "I Could If I Wanted To", "Women Gotta Stick Together", "Group Hang", and "You Stupid Bitch".[27]
For season two, the songs were released as singles the day of their original airing. The full season two soundtrack came out on March 3, 2017. It featured every major song from season 2, as well as two deleted songs: "It's Not Difficult to Define Miss Deuche" and "Sex Toys," a solo for the recurring character Karen. It also included demos for "Santa Ana Winds", the theme song "I'm Just a Girl in Love", and "Rebecca's Reprise".[28]
All songs in season 3 were released as singles following their airing, with the exception of "The End of the Movie" by Josh Groban, which was featured in the episode, "Josh's Ex-Girlfriend Is Crazy". The full album has yet to be released.
Themes[edit]
Mental illness[edit]
Arguably the most important recurring theme of Crazy Ex-Girlfriend is the show's portrayal of mental illness and treatment.[29][30][31][32][33][34] This aspect of Crazy Ex-Girlfriend has garnered wide praise both throughout the film and television industry and within the show's own fandom.[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] Psychology Today has also acknowledged and praised this aspect of the show as well.[44]
In addition to the psychological evaluation and development of Rebecca, other major characters are similarly depicted as suffering from psychological traumas that influence their personalities and relationships.[45][46] Such characters include Valencia,[47][48][49][50] Paula,[51][52][53] Darryl,[54][55][56] Greg,[57][58] Nathaniel,[59] Scott,[52] and Heather.[60]
This has also inspired the show's fandom to engage in discussions of mental illness, specifically regarding social stigmas and treatment of said illnesses.[61][62][63][64][65]
Female sexuality and the reproductive system[edit]
Another defining feature of Crazy Ex-Girlfriend is its frank portrayal of female sexuality and the reproductive system, both of which serve as sources of the show's cringe humor. In Crazy Ex-Girlfriend, both topics are largely normalized in conversation. In particular, female characters are portrayed as being sexually liberated and unashamed of their sexuality. In the episode "To Josh, with Love", characters have frank and honest discussions regarding female sexuality and clitoral stimulation.[66][67][68][69][70]
The reproductive system is given the same treatment in Crazy Ex-Girlfriend. Menstruation and diseases associated with female anatomy are often discussed without judgment, evidenced best by when Paula had an abortion in the second season and her friends and family focused on the emotional impact of her decision, rather than questioning or shaming it.[71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78]
Parenting[edit]
Parenting is a major theme depicted in the show, as many the personalities of several major characters are shaped by their parents' inattentive or cold, distant demeanors. In particular, Rebecca, Paula, Nathaniel, Darryl, and Greg are all affected by parents who exhibit these behaviors. Rebecca's overly critical and overbearing mother[79][80] and negligent father[81][82] has greatly impacted her sense of self and self esteem. In contrast, both Paula's[83] and Nathaniel's[84] fathers were revealed to have been emotionally abusive, resulting in both Nathaniel's inferiority complex and Paula's lack of self confidence. Greg's absentee mother[85][86] after his parents' divorce resulted in him resenting her and helped Greg develop his cynical personality.
On the opposite end of this spectrum is the way Heather's parents raised her. Heather's parents were very attentive, loving and supportive to the point they coddled her and never encouraged her to make anything of herself.[87][88] This ultimately resulted in Heather developing a lazy, aimless, unenthusiastic and somewhat apathetic personality, demonstrating the complexity of parenting.[89]
Reception[edit]
Critical reception[edit]
Crazy Ex-Girlfriend has received critical acclaim, with critics praising the show's writing, musical numbers and Bloom's performance. At Metacritic, which assigns a rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the first season received an average score of 78 based on 23 reviews, which indicates "generally favorable reviews".[90] Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gave the first season a 96% positive rating, with an average rating of 7.7 out of 10 based on reviews from 49 critics, with the site's consensus stating: "Lively musical numbers and a refreshing, energetic lead, Rachel Bloom, make Crazy Ex-Girlfriend a charming, eccentric commentary on human relationships."[91]
The second season continued to receive acclaim, with Bloom, Fontana and Champlin earning particular praise. The season holds a rating of 100% on Rotten Tomatoes, with an average rating of 9 out of 10 based on 13 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads, "Crazy Ex-Girlfriend remains delightfully weird, engaging, and even more courageous and confident in its sophomore outing."[92] On Metacritic, it has a score of 86 out of 100 based on 8 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".[93]
The acclaim continued with season 3; this season in particular was widely praised for its portrayal of mental illness. The performances of Bloom, Champlin[94] and Foster were particularly praised. The chemistry between Gardner and Hull's characters was widely praised as well. The season holds a rating of 100% on Rotten Tomatoes, with an average rating of 8.6 out of 10 based on 15 reviews.[95]
Margaret Lyons from the New York Times chose Crazy Ex-Girlfriend as one of her picks for the best TV shows of 2017.[96] The show was also listed as one of the top shows of 2017 by numerous critics from Variety, USA Today, The A.V. Club, The Guardian, The Independent, Business Insider, Paste, The Daily Beast, NPR, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette and Vulture, among others.[97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109] Some of the notable critics include James Poniewozik and Maureen Ryan.
Critics' year-end lists[edit]
[show]2015
No. 1 - Pittsburgh Post-Gazette[110]
No. 5 - Las Vegas Weekly[111]
No. 9 - CinemaBlend[112]
No. 9 - Entertainment Weekly[113]
Unranked - Chicago Reader[114]
Unranked - Flavorwire[115]
Unranked - IndieWire[116]
Unranked - Los Angeles Times[117]
[show]2016
No. 1 - CinemaBlend[118]
No. 2 - Las Vegas Weekly[119]
No. 3 - TV Insider[120]
No. 5 - The A.V. Club[121]
No. 5 - The Week[122]
No. 6 - TVLine[123]
No. 6 - Vulture[124]
No. 7 - Variety[125]
No. 8 - Flavorwire[126]
No. 8 - TV Guide[127]
No. 9 - The Daily Beast[128]
No. 9 - Film School Rejects[129]
No. 10 - Uproxx[130]
Unranked - Nerdist[131]
Unranked - Newsweek[132]
Unranked - The New York Times[133]
[show]2017
No. 1 - USA Today[106]
No. 14 - The A.V. Club[134]
No. 5 - TVLine[135]
No. 5 - Variety[136]
No. 6 - E![137]
No. 7 - The Daily Beast[100]
No. 7 - Paste[105]
No. 8 - The Village Voice[138]
No. 9 - Pittsburgh Post-Gazette[104]
No. 9 - TV by the Numbers[139]
No. 9 - Vulture[102]
Unranked - Associated Press[140]
Unranked - Metro[141]
Unranked - The New York Times[142]
Ratings[edit]
Season
Timeslot (ET)
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
TV season
Rank
Avg. viewers
(millions)
18–49 rating
(average)
Date
Viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)
1 Monday 8:00 pm 18 October 12, 2015 0.90[143] April 18, 2016 0.82[144] 2015–16 195 1.03 0.4[145]
2 Friday 9:00 pm 13 October 21, 2016 0.53[146] February 3, 2017 0.58[147] 2016–17 164 0.75[148] 0.3[149]
3 Friday 8:00 pm 13 October 13, 2017 0.62[150] February 16, 2018 0.60[151] 2017–18 TBD TBD TBD
Accolades[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
Ref
2016 68th Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Choreography Kathryn Burns ("I'm So Good at Yoga", "A Boy Band Made Up of Four Joshes" and "Settle for Me") Won [152]
Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics Adam Schlesinger, Rachel Bloom and Jack Dolgen ("Settle for Me") Nominated
Outstanding Original Main Title Theme Music Rachel Bloom and Adam Schlesinger Nominated
Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series Kabir Akhtar ("Josh Just Happens to Live Here") Won
Critics' Choice Award Best Actress in a Comedy Series Rachel Bloom Won [153]
Dorian Awards Unsung TV Show of the Year Crazy Ex-Girlfriend Nominated [154]
Gold Derby Awards Best Comedy Actress Rachel Bloom Nominated [155]
Best Breakthrough Performer of the Year Nominated
Golden Globe Award Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy Rachel Bloom Won [156]
Gotham Awards Breakthrough Series – Long Form Crazy Ex-Girlfriend Won [157]
HMMA Awards Outstanding Music Supervision – Television Jack Dolgen Nominated [155]
OFTA Awards Best Actress in a Comedy Series Rachel Bloom Nominated [155]
Best New Theme Song in a Series Crazy Ex-Girlfriend Nominated
People's Choice Awards Favorite New TV Comedy Crazy Ex-Girlfriend Nominated [158]
Poppy Awards Best Comedy Series Crazy Ex-Girlfriend Nominated [159]
Best Actress in a Comedy Rachel Bloom Nominated
Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Santino Fontana Nominated
Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Donna Lynne Champlin Nominated
TCA Awards Outstanding Achievement in Comedy Crazy Ex-Girlfriend Nominated [160]
Outstanding New Program Nominated
Individual Achievement in Comedy Rachel Bloom Won
Young Artist Award Recurring Young Actor (13 and Under) Steele Stebbins Nominated [161]
2017 69th Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Original Music And Lyrics Adam Schlesinger, Rachel Bloom and Jack Dolgen ("We Tapped That Ass") Nominated [162]
Artios Awards Best Casting in a Television Pilot and First Season Comedy Felicia Fasano, Bernard Telsey, Tim Payne and Tara Nostramo Won [163]
Dorian Awards TV Comedy of the Year Crazy Ex-Girlfriend Nominated [155]
GLAAD Media Award Outstanding Comedy Series Crazy Ex-Girlfriend Nominated [164]
Gold Derby Awards Best Comedy Series Crazy Ex-Girlfriend Nominated [165]
Best Comedy Actress Rachel Bloom Nominated
Golden Globe Award Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy Rachel Bloom Nominated [166]
Golden Reel Awards Best Sound Editing – TV Short Form Musical Crazy Ex-Girlfriend ("When Will Josh See How Cool I Am?") Nominated [167]
Gracie Awards Comedy – TV National Crazy Ex-Girlfriend Won [168]
Actress in a Supporting Role – Comedy or Musical Donna Lynne Champlin Won
Hollywood Music in Media Awards Original Song – TV Show/Limited Series Adam Schlesinger, Rachel Bloom, and Jack Dolgen ("We Tapped That Ass") Nominated [169]
Women's Image Network Awards Outstanding Comedy Series Crazy Ex-Girlfriend Won [170]
2018 Eddie Awards Best Edited Comedy Series (Commercial) Kabir Akhtar and Kyla Plewes ("Josh’s Ex-Girlfriend Wants Revenge") Nominated [171]
GLAAD Media Award Outstanding Comedy Series Crazy Ex-Girlfriend Pending [172]
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External links[edit]
Official website
Crazy Ex-Girlfriend on IMDb
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crazy_Ex-Girlfriend_(TV_series)&oldid=838332812"
Categories:
Crazy Ex-Girlfriend (TV series)
2015 American television series debuts
2010s American comedy-drama television series
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Borderline personality disorder in fiction
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