text:
Robert Clohessy
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Robert Clohessy
Born
(1957-06-10) June 10, 1957 (age 60)
The Bronx, New York, U.S.
Occupation
Actor
Years active
1985–present
Spouse(s)
Catherine Erhardt
Children
2
Robert Clohessy (born June 10, 1957) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Correctional Officer Sean Murphy on the HBO prison drama Oz from seasons 3-6, Also Warden Boss James Neary on the HBO crime drama Boardwalk Empire for the first two seasons and Lieutenant Sid Gormley on police drama Blue Bloods.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
3 References
4 External links
Early life[edit]
Clohessy was born in the Bronx, New York, the son of John Clohessy, a police officer.[1] He graduated from SUNY Purchase. He fought in the 1975 Golden Gloves in Madison Square Garden. He graduated from Pearl River High School in Pearl River, New York, and from SUNY Purchase.[citation needed]
Career[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Clohessy has had recurring roles in daytime dramas All My Children, Boy Meets World, and Guiding Light. In primetime, he has become known for his multiple regular turns as police officers and other law enforcement officials, creating parallels between his acting career and upbringing by his policeman father. The first of such roles was in the seventh and final season of Hill Street Blues, as Officer Patrick Flaherty. The following season, Clohessy was cast as the new co-star of Pat Morita on the ABC detective series Ohara, playing Lt. George Shaver.
He later joined the cast of the HBO prison drama Oz as Correctional Officer Sean Murphy. However, in between these roles, Clohessy had a supporting role as Thomas Smaraldo on NBC's comedy/drama Tattingers (1988–89), and soon after appeared in a starring role on NBC's short-lived comedy One of the Boys (1989). Clohessy co-starred on the Neal Marlens/Carol Black ABC sitcom Laurie Hill in 1992, playing a stay-at-home freelance writer. In 2008, Clohessy had a regular role in the short-lived Fox show New Amsterdam. He won a Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Ensemble in the HBO series Boardwalk Empire.
In feature films, Clohessy played a supporting role in Across the Universe, playing the part of Jude's long-lost father. He played Jack Parker in The Crimson Mask. His largest big budget film role was opposite Ryan Gosling in The Place Beyond the Pines. Onstage, he played Mike in the Broadway Roundabout Theatre Company revival of Pal Joey, from November, 2008 through February 2009. In 2012 he had a cameo in the film The Avengers.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Robert Clohessy profile, filmreference.com; accessed March 29, 2017.
External links[edit]
Robert Clohessy on IMDb
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Lana Parrilla
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Lana Parrilla
Born
Lana Maria Parrilla
(1977-07-15) July 15, 1977 (age 40)
Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
Occupation
Actress • Director
Years active
1999–present
Spouse(s)
Fred Di Blasio (m. 2014)
Parent(s)
Sam Parrilla
Dolores Dee Azzara
Relatives
Candice Azzara (maternal aunt)
Awards
Alma Award, Imagen Award
Lana Maria Parrilla[1] (born July 15, 1977)[1] is an American actress. Parrilla is best known for her roles on television and radio. She was a regular cast member in the fifth season of the ABC sitcom Spin City from 2000 to 2001. She later starred in Boomtown (2002-2003), Windfall (2006), Swingtown (2008) and as Doctor Eva Zambrano in the short-lived medical drama Miami Medical (2010). She also played the role of Sarah Gavin during the fourth season of the Fox series 24 in 2005. In 2011, Parrilla began starring as The Evil Queen/Regina Mills in the ABC fantasy drama series, Once Upon a Time. In 2016 Parrilla won a Teen Choice Award for Choice Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Actress.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
2.1 1999—2010
2.2 2011—present
3 Personal life
4 Filmography
4.1 Film
4.2 Television
5 Awards and nominations
6 References
7 External links
Early life[edit]
Parrilla was born in the Brooklyn borough of New York City.[1] Her father, Sam Parrilla (1943–94), was a Puerto Rico-born baseball player who played professionally for 11 seasons (1963–73), including one season with the Major League Philadelphia Phillies in 1970 as an outfielder.[2]
Career[edit]
1999—2010[edit]
Parrilla in March 2012
In her early career, Parrilla appeared in several movies, including Very Mean Men (2000), Spiders (2000), and Frozen Stars (2003). She made her television debut in 1999, on the UPN sitcom Grown Ups. In 2000, she joined the cast of the ABC comedy series Spin City, playing Angie Ordonez for one season. She left the show in 2001. After that she joined Donnie Wahlberg and Neal McDonough in the short lived crime drama Boomtown, for which she received the Imagen Award for Best Supporting Actress,[3] for her portrayal of Teresa, a paramedic. Initially a success, Boomtown began to struggle, and Parrilla's character became a police academy rookie, to tie her more closely to the rest of the show. "Boomtown" was cancelled just two episodes into its second season.
Parrilla guest-starred in a number of television dramas, including JAG, Six Feet Under, Covert Affairs, Medium, The Defenders and Chase. She had a recurring role in 2004 as Officer Janet Grafton in NYPD Blue. In 2005, Parrilla took a recurring guest role on the fourth season of the Fox series 24 as Sarah Gavin, a Counter Terrorist Unit agent. After just six episodes, Lana was made a regular cast member; but in the thirteenth episode, her character was written out after she tried to thwart another character's promotion from temporary to permanent CTU head Michelle Dessler (Reiko Aylesworth).
In 2006, Parrilla starred in the NBC summer series Windfall alongside Luke Perry, fellow former 24 cast member Sarah Wynter, and Parilla's former Boomtown castmate Jason Gedrick. In 2007, she guest starred as Greta during the third season of ABC's Lost in the episodes "Greatest Hits" and "Through the Looking Glass" In 2008, she had a leading role on the Lifetime movie The Double Life of Eleanor Kendall, in which she played Nellie, a divorcee whose identity has been stolen.[4] Also in 2008, she starred in the CBS summer series Swingtown as Trina Decker, a woman who is part of a Swinging couple. In 2010, Parrilla had a female lead role in the Jerry Bruckheimer-produced Miami Medical on CBS, which had a short run towards the end of the 2009–10 television season before it was canceled in July 2010.[5] Windfall, Swingtown and Miami Medical were all canceled after 13 episodes.
2011—present[edit]
Parrilla in 2012
In February 2011, she was cast as Mayor Regina Mills/The Evil Queen, in the ABC adventure fantasy drama pilot, Once Upon a Time created by Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz.[6] The series debuted in October 2011.[3] The pilot episode was watched by 12.93 million viewers and achieved an adult 18–49 rating/share of 4.0/10 during the first season, receiving generally favorable reviews from critics.[7]
Parrilla's performance also received positive reviews from critics. In 2012 and 2013, she was regarded as a promising contender for an Emmy Award in the Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series category,[8][9][10][11][12][13] though she did not receive a nomination. She won the TV Guide Award for Favorite Villain and the ALMA Award for Outstanding Actress in a Drama Series in 2012.[14][15] Parrilla also received a nomination for Best Supporting Actress on Television from the 38th Saturn Awards.[16]
Personal life[edit]
Parrilla with her husband Fred Di Blasio in 2014
Parrilla became engaged to software executive Fred Di Blasio on April 28, 2013, while traveling in Israel.[17] The two were married July 5, 2014, in British Columbia.[18][19]
Filmography[edit]
Film[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2000 Very Mean Men Teresa
2000 Spiders Marci Eyre
2003 Frozen Stars Lisa Vasquez
2005 One Last Ride Antoinette
Television[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1999 Grown Ups Waitress Episodes: "Truth Be Told", "J Says"
2000 Rude Awakening Nurse Lorna Episode: "Telltale Heart pt.1"
2000–01 Spin City Angie Ordonez Series regular, 21 episodes
2002 JAG Lt. Stephanie Donato Episode: "Head to Toe"
The Shield Sedona Tellez Episode: "Circles"
2002–03 Boomtown Teresa Ortiz Imagen Award for Best Supporting Actress
2004 NYPD Blue Officer Janet Grafton Recurring role, 3 episodes
Six Feet Under Maile Episodes: "Terror Starts at Home", "The Dare"
2005 24 Sarah Gavin Series regular, 12 episodes
2006 Windfall Nina Schaefer Series regular, 13 episodes
Lost Greta Episodes: "Greatest Hits", "Through the Looking Glass"
2008 Swingtown Trina Decker Series regular, 13 episodes
The Double Life of Eleanor Kendall Nellie Givens Television film
2010 Miami Medical Dr. Eva Zambrano Series regular, 13 episodes
Covert Affairs Julia Suarez Episode: "South Bound Suarez"
Medium Lydia Halstrom Episode: "The Match Game"
The Defenders Betty Episode: "Las Vegas vs. Johnson"
2011 Chase Isabella Episode: "Narco: Part 1"
2011–18 Once Upon a Time Regina Mills
The Evil Queen
Roni Main Role
Teen Choice Award for Choice TV Actress: Sci-Fi/Fantasy
ALMA Award for Outstanding TV Actress - Drama
TV Guide Award for Favorite Villain
Nominated — Teen Choice Award for Choice TV Villain
Nominated — Teen Choice Award for Choice TV Villain
Nominated — Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress on Television
Nominated — TV Guide Award for Favorite Villain
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Award
Nominated work
Result
2003 Imagen Award for Best Supporting Actress Boomtown Won
2008 ALMA Award for Outstanding Actress in a Drama Television Series Swingtown Nominated
2012 TV Guide Award for Favorite Villain Once Upon a Time Won
Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress on Television Once Upon a Time Nominated
Teen Choice Award for Choice TV Villain Once Upon a Time Nominated
ALMA Award for Outstanding TV Actress - Drama Once Upon a Time Won
2013 NHMC Impact Award Once Upon a Time Won
Teen Choice Awards for Choice TV Villain Once Upon a Time Nominated
Imagen Foundation Award for Best Actress/Television Once Upon a Time Nominated
2016 Teen Choice Award for Choice TV Actress: Sci-Fi/Fantasy Once Upon a Time Won
2017 Teen Choice Award for Choice TV Actress: Sci-Fi/Fantasy Once Upon a Time Nominated
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "Lara Parrilla Biography". TVGuide.com. Archived from the original on September 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Sam Parrilla Statistics and History - Baseball-Reference.com". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference.
^ Jump up to: a b BIO:Evil Queen Played by Lana Parrilla Archived 2011-10-26 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ MOVIES The Double Life of Eleanor Kendall Archived 2012-01-30 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Miami Medical canceled, no season two | canceled + renewed TV shows". TV Series Finale. 2010-05-21. Retrieved 2014-06-03.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (2011-02-28). "Several Actors Board Broadcast Pilots". Deadline.com. Retrieved 2014-06-03.
Jump up ^ "Once Upon a Time - Season 1 Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved 2014-06-03.
Jump up ^ Paula Hendrickson (2012-06-21). "Lana Parrilla in 'Once Upon a Time': Road to the Emmys 2012: The Supporting Actor & Actress - Chicago Tribune". Variety. Articles.chicagotribune.com. Retrieved 2014-06-03.
Jump up ^ 07/19/2013 2:48 pm EDT (2013-07-19). "Emmy Latino Snubs For Lana Parrilla, Jimmy Smits, and More". Huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2014-06-03.
Jump up ^ Marc Cuenco (2013-12-01). "14 Emmy-Worthy GIFs of 'Once Upon a Time' Star Lana Parilla". Tv.aol.com. Retrieved 2014-06-03.
Jump up ^ Team TVLine / June 6, 2012, 6:25 AM PDT (2012-06-06). "[PHOTOS] Emmy Nominations 2012 — Awards Show's Supporting Actress In Drama Contenders". TVLine. Retrieved 2014-06-03. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Snetiker, Marc (2012-07-18). "2012 Emmy Awards Nominees: Our Predictions! | TV News". Hollywood.com. Retrieved 2014-06-03.
Jump up ^ "Lana Parrilla, Once Upon a Time from Emmy Contenders: Supporting Actress, Drama | E! Online UK". Uk.eonline.com. 2012-07-02. Retrieved 2014-06-03.
Jump up ^ "TV Guide Magazine Fan Favorites Awards Winners Revealed! - Today's News: Our Take". TVGuide.com. 2012-04-10. Retrieved 2014-06-03.
Jump up ^ 09/21/2012 10:18 pm (2012-09-21). "ALMA Awards 2012: Winners And Show Highlights (VIDEO, PHOTOS)". Huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2014-06-03.
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Matt. "Saturn Award Nominations 2012 | Collider | Page 148931". Collider. Retrieved 2015-06-07.
Jump up ^ Saad, Nardine (May 7, 2013). "Once Upon a Time's Lana Parrilla engaged to Fred Di Blasio". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ Nudd, Tim (August 1, 2014). "Once Upon a Time's Lana Parrilla Gets Married in Real-Life Fairy Tale". People. Archived from the original on March 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ Parrilla, Lana [@LanaParrilla] (August 1, 2014). "Well, @fred_diblasio I think this says it all... Signed, #MrsDiBlasio" (Tweet). Archived from the original on March 19, 2016 – via Twitter.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lana Parrilla.
Lana Parrilla on Twitter
Lana Parrilla on IMDb
Lana Parrilla at TVGuide.com
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Kat Graham (2017)
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St. Albans Raid
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St. Albans Raid
Part of the American Civil War
St. Albans bank tellers being forced to pledge allegiance to the Confederacy,
Date
October 19, 1864 (1864-10-19)
Location
St. Albans, Vermont
44°48′37″N 73°09′08″W / 44.81028°N 73.15222°W / 44.81028; -73.15222Coordinates: 44°48′37″N 73°09′08″W / 44.81028°N 73.15222°W / 44.81028; -73.15222
Result
Confederate victory
Belligerents
United States (Union)
Confederate States
Supported by:
Canadian sympathizers
Commanders and leaders
Bennett H. Young
Strength
local police and militia 21 cavalry
Casualties and losses
1 killed
2 wounded 1 wounded
[show]
v
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Northern Theater of the American Civil War
Detroit Race Riot
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St. Albans Raid
The St. Albans Raid was the northernmost land action of the American Civil War. It was a controversial raid from Canada by Confederate soldiers meant to rob banks to raise money and to trick the Union Army into diverting troops to defend their northern border against further raids. It took place in St. Albans, Vermont, on October 19, 1864.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Raid
3 Battle or raid?
4 Film
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
Background[edit]
In this wartime incident, Kentuckian Bennett H. Young led the Confederate army forces. Young had been captured after the Battle of Salineville in Ohio ended Morgan's Raid the year before. He managed to escape to Canada, then part of the British Empire. After meeting with Confederate agents there, he returned to the Confederacy, where he proposed raids on the Union from the Canada–US border to build the Confederate treasury and force the Union Army to divert troops from the South. Young was commissioned as a lieutenant and returned to Canada, where he recruited other escaped Confederates for a raid on St. Albans, Vermont, a quiet city just 15 miles (24 km) from the Canada–U.S. border.
Raid[edit]
Young and two others checked into a local hotel on October 10, saying they had come from St. John's, Canada East, for a "sporting vacation". Two or three more men arrived daily, until by October 19, 21 Confederate cavalrymen had assembled. Shortly before 3 p.m. the men staged simultaneous robberies of the city's three banks. They identified themselves as Confederate soldiers and took a total of $208,000 (US$ 3,250,000 in 2018). During the robberies, eight or nine Confederates held the villagers at gunpoint on the village green, taking their horses to prevent pursuit. Several armed villagers tried to resist, and one was killed and another wounded. Young ordered his men to burn the city, but the 4-US-fluid-ounce (120 ml) bottles of Greek fire they used failed to ignite, and only one shed was destroyed by fire.
The raiders escaped to Canada, despite a delayed pursuit. In response to US demands, the Canadian authorities arrested the raiders, recovering $88,000. However, a Canadian court ruled that because they were soldiers under military orders, officially neutral Canada could not extradite them. Canada freed the raiders, but returned to St. Albans the money they had found.[2]
As an unintended consequence, the raid served to turn many Canadians against the Confederacy, since they felt that Canada was being drawn into the conflict without its consent. The Confederate agents in Canada realized this and no further raids were made.
Only one of the three banks still stands, the Franklin County Bank, which became the Franklin Lamoille Bank and is now a TD Bank branch. Other sites surviving are Taylor Park and the American House, where some of the raiders stayed.[3]
Battle or raid?[edit]
The Confederate raid by Confederate Brig. Gen. John Hunt Morgan into Ohio and Indiana in July 1863, and culminating in the Battle of Salineville is considered by many historians to be the northernmost land battle of the Civil War. The dispute arises over meaning of the word battle. The St. Albans raiders were not an official command of the Confederate army but connected to the Confederate Secret Service to conduct the St. Albans Raid. General Morgan’s place of surrender at West Point, Ohio is considered to be the northernmost point reached by an officially organized Confederate military body during the Civil War.[4] The northernmost battle of the war came at sea at the Battle of Cherbourg (1864) at 49 degrees north latitude.
Film[edit]
The 1954 film The Raid was loosely based on this incident.[5]
See also[edit]
American Civil War portal
Canada in the American Civil War
Military history of Vermont
Ann Eliza Smith
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Wilson, Dennis K. (1992), Justice under Pressure: The Saint Albans Raid and Its Aftermath, University Press of America, p. 203, ISBN 0819185094
Jump up ^ "Saint Albans Raid". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved May 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ Campi, James (2007). Civil War Sites, 2nd: The Official Guide to the Civil War Discovery Trail. Globe Pequot. p. 11. ISBN 0-7627-4435-9 – via Google Books.
Jump up ^ Schmidt Cahill, Lora; Mowery, David L (2014). Morgan’s Raid Across Ohio: The Civil War Guidebook of the John Hunt Morgan Heritage Trail. Lulu.com. p. 235. ISBN 9780989805438. Retrieved December 7, 2017 – via Google Books.
Jump up ^ "The Raid (1954)". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved May 2, 2014.
Further reading[edit]
Kazar, John D. (1964). "The Canadian View of the Confederate Raid on Saint Albans". Vermont History (1): 255–273.
Stouffer, Allen P. (1977). "Canadian-American Relations in the Shadow of the Civil War". Dalhousie Review. 57 (2): 332–346.
Rush, Daniel S.; Pewitt, E. Gale (2008). Riedel, Leonard W., ed. The St. Albans Raiders. Saline, Michigan: McNaughton and Gunn.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to St. Albans Raid.
The St. Albans raid, virtualvermont.com
History of the raid and surrounding events, stalbansraid.com
St. Albans Raid: Spies, Raiders and Partisans, wtv-zone.com
Newspaper article providing an eyewitness account of the St. Albans Raid at newsinhistory.com
Raise The Flag & Sound The Cannon, a historical novel based on the St. Albans Raid by Donald Davison
Waiting on a Dream, a musical comedy about the St. Albans Raid, based on Raise the Flag & Sound The Cannon
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Indian classical dance
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Indian classical dance, or Shastriya Nritya, is an umbrella term for various performance arts rooted in religious Hindu musical theatre styles,[1][2][3] whose theory and practice can be traced to the Sanskrit text Natya Shastra.[4][5][6]
The number of recognized classical dances range from eight to more, depending on the source and scholar.[7] The Sangeet Natak Akademi recognizes eight – Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kuchipudi, Odissi, Kathakali, Sattriya, Manipuri and Mohiniyattam.[8] Scholars such as Drid Williams add Chhau, Yakshagana and Bhagavata Mela to the list.[9][3] The Culture Ministry of the Government of India includes Chhau in its classical list. These dances are traditionally regional, all of them include music and recitation in local language or Sanskrit, and they represent a unity of core ideas in a diversity of styles, costumes and expression. Indian classical dance is made from India and classical dance is played by various actors.
Contents
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1 Texts and roots
2 Dance forms
3 Shared aspects
4 See also
5 References
5.1 Bibliography
6 External links
Texts and roots[edit]
The Natya Shastra is the foundational treatise for classical dances of India,[4][10] and this text is attributed to the ancient scholar Bharata Muni.[6][11][12] Its first complete compilation is dated to between 200 BCE and 200 CE,[13][14] but estimates vary between 500 BCE and 500 CE.[15] The most studied version of the Natya Shastra text consists of about 6000 verses structured into 36 chapters.[13][16] The text, states Natalia Lidova, describes the theory of Tāṇḍava dance (Shiva), the theory of rasa, of bhāva, expression, gestures, acting techniques, basic steps, standing postures – all of which are part of Indian classical dances.[13][17] Dance and performance arts, states this ancient text, are a form of expression of spiritual ideas, virtues and the essence of scriptures.[18][19]
Performance arts and culture
Let Nātya (drama and dance) be the fifth vedic scripture.
Combined with an epic story,
tending to virtue, wealth, joy and spiritual freedom,
it must contain the significance of every scripture,
and forward every art.
— Nātyaśāstra 1.14–15[18][20]
While the Natya Shastra is the revered ancient text in the Hindu tradition, there are numerous other ancient and medieval Sanskrit dance-drama related texts that further discuss and expand on the classical repertoire of performance arts, such as the Abhinaya Darpana, Abhinaba Bharati, Natya Darpana, Bhava Prakasa and many others.[21][22][23] The term "classical" (Sanskrit: "Shastriya") denotes the Natya Shastra-based performing arts.
The text Natya Shastra describes religious arts as a form as margi, or a "spiritual traditional path" that liberates the soul, while the folk entertainment is called desi, or a "regional popular practice".[24][25][26]
Indian classical dances are traditionally performed as an expressive drama-dance form of religious performance art,[3] related to Vaishnavism, Shaivism, Shaktism, pan-Hindu Epics and the Vedic literature, or a folksy entertainment that includes story-telling from Sanskrit or regional language plays.[27] As a religious art, they are either performed inside the sanctum of a Hindu temple, or near it.[1][2] Folksy entertainment may also be performed in temple grounds or any fairground, typically in a rural setting by traveling troupes of artists; alternatively, they have been performed inside the halls of royal courts or public squares during festivals.[28]
Dance forms[edit]
The Natya Shastra mentions four Pravrittis (traditions, genres) of ancient dance-drama in vogue when it was composed – Avanti (Ujjain, central), Dakshinatya (south), Panchali (north, west) and Odra-Magadhi (Odisha-Bihar-Bengal, east).[29]
Sources differ in their list of Indian classical dance forms.[30][31] Encyclopædia Britannica mentions six dances.[32] The Sangeet Natak Akademi has given recognition to eight Indian dances.[33] The Indian government's Ministry of Culture includes eleven dance forms.[34] Scholars such as Drid Williams and others include Chhau, Yaksagana and Bhagavata Mela to the eight classical Indian dances in the Sangeet Natak Akademi list.[3][9]
The classical dance forms recognised by the Sangeet Natak Akademi and the Ministry of Culture are:[35][36]
Bharatanatyam, from Tamil Nadu
Kathak, from Northern and Western India
Kathakali, from Kerala
Kuchipudi, from Andhra Pradesh and Telangana
Odissi, from Odisha
Sattriya, from Assam
Manipuri, from Manipur
Mohiniyattam, from Kerala
Yakshagana, from Karnataka
Dolu Kunita, from Karnataka
Bharatanatyam
Kathak
Kathakali
Kuchipudi
Odissi
Sattriya
Manipuri
Mohiniyattam
Shared aspects[edit]
All major classical Indian dance forms include in repertoire, three categories of performance in the Natya Shastra. These are Nritta, Nritya and Natya:[37]
The Nritta performance is abstract, fast and rhythmic aspect of the dance.[38] The viewer is presented with pure movement, wherein the emphasis is the beauty in motion, form, speed, range and pattern.[37] This part of the repertoire has no interpretative aspect, no telling of story. It is a technical performance, and aims to engage the senses (prakriti) of the audience.[39]
The Nritya is slower and expressive aspect of the dance that attempts to communicate feelings, storyline particularly with spiritual themes in Hindu dance traditions.[38] In a nritya, the dance-acting expands to include silent expression of words through gestures and body motion set to musical notes. The actor articulates a legend or a spiritual message. This part of the repertoire is more than sensory enjoyment, it aims to engage the emotions and mind of the viewer.[37][39]
The Natyam is a play, typically a team performance,[40] but can be acted out by a solo performer where the dancer uses certain standardized body movements to indicate a new character in the underlying story. A Natya incorporates the elements of a Nritya.[37][41][42]
All classical dances of India used similar symbolism and rules of gestures in abhinaya (acting). The roots of abhinaya are found in the Natyashastra text which defines drama in verse 6.10 as that which aesthetically arouses joy in the spectator, through the medium of actor's art of communication, that helps connect and transport the individual into a super sensual inner state of being.[43] A performance art, asserts Natyashastra, connects the artists and the audience through abhinaya (literally, "carrying to the spectators"), that is applying body-speech-mind and scene, wherein the actors communicate to the audience, through song and music.[43] Drama in this ancient Sanskrit text, thus is an art to engage every aspect of life, in order to glorify and gift a state of joyful consciousness.[44]
The communication through symbols is in the form of expressive gestures (mudras or hastas) and pantomime set to music. The gestures and facial expressions convey the ras (sentiment, emotional taste) and bhava (mood) of the underlying story.[45] In Hindu classical dances, the artist successfully expresses the spiritual ideas by paying attention to four aspects of a performance:
Angika (gestures and body language),
Vachika (song, recitation, music and rhythm),
Aharya (stage setting, costume, make up, jewelry),
Sattvika (artist's mental disposition and emotional connection with the story and audience, wherein the artist's inner and outer state resonates).[45]
Abhinaya draws out the bhava (mood, psychological states).[45]
See also[edit]
Performing arts
Acrobatics
Ballet
Circus skills
Clown
Dance
General Gymnastics
Magic
Mime
Music
Opera
Professional wrestling
Puppetry
Speech
Theatre
Ventriloquism
v
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Culture of India
Hindu texts
Languages of India
Puranas
Vedas
Yajna
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Julius Lipner (2012). Hindus: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. Routledge. p. 206. ISBN 978-1-135-24061-5. , Quote: "It would be appropriate here to comment on Hindu classical dance. This developed in a religious context and was given high profile as part of temple worship. There are a number of regional and other styles as well as source texts, but the point we wish to stress is the participative nature of such dance. In form and content, the heart of dance as worship in Hinduism has always been 'expression' (abhinaya), i.e. the enacting of various themes".
^ Jump up to: a b Jean Holm; John Bowker (1994). Worship. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 85. ISBN 978-1-85567-111-9. , Quote: Hindu classical dance-forms, like Hindu music, are associated with worship. References to dance and music are found in the vedic literature, (...)".
^ Jump up to: a b c d Frank Burch Brown (2013). The Oxford Handbook of Religion and the Arts. Oxford University Press. pp. 195–196. ISBN 978-0-19-972103-0. , Quote: All of the dances considered to be part of the Indian classical canon (Bharata Natyam, Chhau, Kathak, Kathakali, Manipuri, Mohiniattam, Odissi, Sattriya and Yakshagana) trace their roots to religious practices (...) the Indian diaspora has led to the translocation of Hindu dances to Europe, North America and the world."
^ Jump up to: a b James G. Lochtefeld (2002). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 467. ISBN 978-0-8239-3180-4. , Quote: "the Natyashastra remains the ultimate authority for any dance form that claims to be 'classical' dance, rather than 'folk' dance".
Jump up ^ Ragini Devi 1990, pp. 60-68.
^ Jump up to: a b Mohan Khokar (1984). Traditions of Indian classical dance. Clarion Books. pp. 57–58.
Jump up ^ Sarwal, Amit; Walker, David (2015). "Staging a Cultural Collaboration: Louise Lightfoot and Ananda Shivaram". Dance Chronicle. 38 (3): 305–335. doi:10.1080/01472526.2015.1088286.
Jump up ^ Bishnupriya Dutt; Urmimala Sarkar Munsi (2010). Engendering Performance: Indian Women Performers in Search of an Identity. SAGE Publications. p. 216. ISBN 978-81-321-0612-8.
^ Jump up to: a b Williams 2004, pp. 83-84, the other major classical Indian dances are: Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Odissi, Kathakali, Kuchipudi, Sattriya, Cchau, Manipuri, Yaksagana and Bhagavata Mela.
Jump up ^ Tanvi Bajaj; Swasti Shrimali Vohra (2015). Performing Arts and Therapeutic Implications. Routledge. pp. 6–7. ISBN 978-1-317-32572-7.
Jump up ^ Schramm, Harold (1968). "Musical Theatre in India". Asian Music. University of Texas Press. 1 (1): 31–40. doi:10.2307/834008.
Jump up ^ Coorlawala, Uttara Asha (1993). "The Toronto conference on "new directions in Indian dance"". Dance Chronicle. Routledge. 16 (3): 391–396. doi:10.1080/01472529308569140.
^ Jump up to: a b c Natalia Lidova 2014.
Jump up ^ Tarla Mehta 1995, pp. xxiv, 19–20.
Jump up ^ Wallace Dace 1963, p. 249.
Jump up ^ Emmie Te Nijenhuis 1974, pp. 1–25.
Jump up ^ Kapila Vatsyayan 2001.
^ Jump up to: a b Coormaraswamy and Duggirala (1917). "The Mirror of Gesture". Harvard University Press. p. 4. ; Also see chapter 36
Jump up ^ Guy L. Beck (2012). Sonic Liturgy: Ritual and Music in Hindu Tradition. University of South Carolina Press. pp. 138–139. ISBN 978-1-61117-108-2. Quote: "A summation of the signal importance of the Natyasastra for Hindu religion and culture has been provided by Susan Schwartz, "In short, the Natyasastra is an exhaustive encyclopedic dissertation of the arts, with an emphasis on performing arts as its central feature. It is also full of invocations to deities, acknowledging the divine origins of the arts and the central role of performance arts in achieving divine goals (...)".
Jump up ^ "Natyashastra" (PDF). Sanskrit Documents.
Jump up ^ Tarla Mehta 1995, pp. xxix, 131-137.
Jump up ^ Mandakranta Bose (2012). Movement and Mimesis: The Idea of Dance in the Sanskritic Tradition. Springer. pp. 13–32, 108–112. ISBN 978-94-011-3594-8.
Jump up ^ Ragini Devi 1990, pp. 18-37.
Jump up ^ Reginald Massey 2004, p. 32.
Jump up ^ Ragini Devi 1990, pp. 67, context: 60-68.
Jump up ^ Thera Mahanama-sthavira. Mahavamsa: The Great Chronicle of Sri Lanka. Jain Publishing. pp. 40–41. ISBN 978-0-89581-906-2.
Jump up ^ Ragini Devi 1990, pp. 25-30, 67-68, 166.
Jump up ^ Farley P. Richmond, Darius L. Swann & Phillip B. Zarrilli 1993, pp. 3, 34-36, 47, 171-173, 215, 327-329.
Jump up ^ Sunil Kothari; Avinash Pasricha (1990). Odissi, Indian classical dance art. Marg Publications. pp. 5–6. ISBN 978-81-85026-13-8.
Jump up ^ "Indian Classical Dance". One India. 2009-04-19. Archived from the original on 2009-04-17. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
Jump up ^ Narayan, Shovana (2005). Indian classical dances: "ekam sat vipraah bahudaa vadanti". Shubhi Publications. p. 5.
Jump up ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. dance (performing arts) : Indian classical dance. Retrieved 03-11-2010.
Jump up ^ "SNA: Guidelines for Sangeet Natak Akademi Awards::". Sangeetnatak.gov.in. Archived from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved 2013-11-06.
Jump up ^ "Scholarship to Young Artistes". Indiaculture.nic.in. Archived from the original on 2013-10-21. Retrieved 2013-11-06.
Jump up ^ Sangeet Natak Akademi
Jump up ^ Ministry of Culture
^ Jump up to: a b c d Meduri, Avanthi (1988). "Bharatha Natyam-What Are You?". Asian Theatre Journal. University of Hawaii Press. 5 (1): 3–4. doi:10.2307/1124019.
^ Jump up to: a b Ellen Koskoff (2008). The Concise Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: The Middle East, South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia. Routledge. p. 955. ISBN 978-0-415-99404-0.
^ Jump up to: a b Janet Descutner (2010). Asian Dance. Infobase. pp. 45–46. ISBN 978-1-4381-3078-1.
Jump up ^ Kavitha Jayakrishnan (2011), Dancing Architecture: the parallel evolution of Bharatanātyam and South Indian Architecture, MA Thesis, Awarded by University of Waterloo, Canada, page 25
Jump up ^ Reginald Massey 2004, pp. 33-38, 83-84, 207-214.
Jump up ^ Bruno Nettl; Ruth M. Stone; James Porter; et al. (1998). The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent. Routledge. pp. 516–521. ISBN 978-0-8240-4946-1. CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
^ Jump up to: a b Tarla Mehta 1995, p. 3.
Jump up ^ Tarla Mehta 1995, p. 5.
^ Jump up to: a b c Tanvi Bajaj; Swasti Shrimali Vohra (2015). Performing Arts and Therapeutic Implications. Routledge. pp. 82–84. ISBN 978-1-317-32572-7.
Bibliography[edit]
Ambrose, Kay (1984). Classical Dances and Costumes of India. Palgrave Macmillan.
Ragini Devi (1990). Dance Dialects of India. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0674-0.
Natalia Lidova (2014). "Natyashastra". Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/obo/9780195399318-0071.
Natalia Lidova (1994). Drama and Ritual of Early Hinduism. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-1234-5.
Williams, Drid (2004). "In the Shadow of Hollywood Orientalism: Authentic East Indian Dancing" (PDF). Visual Anthropology. Routledge. 17 (1): 69–98. doi:10.1080/08949460490274013.
Tarla Mehta (1995). Sanskrit Play Production in Ancient India. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-1057-0.
Reginald Massey (2004). India's Dances: Their History, Technique, and Repertoire. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 978-81-7017-434-9.
Emmie Te Nijenhuis (1974). Indian Music: History and Structure. BRILL Academic. ISBN 90-04-03978-3.
Kapila Vatsyayan (2001). Bharata, the Nāṭyaśāstra. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 978-81-260-1220-6.
Kapila Vatsyayan (1977). Classical Indian dance in literature and the arts. Sangeet Natak Akademi. OCLC 233639306. , Table of Contents
Kapila Vatsyayan (1974). Indian classical dance. Sangeet Natak Akademi. OCLC 2238067.
Kapila Vatsyayan (2008). Aesthetic theories and forms in Indian tradition. Munshiram Manoharlal. ISBN 978-8187586357. OCLC 286469807.
Kapila Vatsyayan. Dance In Indian Painting. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 978-81-7017-153-9.
Wallace Dace (1963). "The Concept of "Rasa" in Sanskrit Dramatic Theory". Educational Theatre Journal. 15 (3): 249. doi:10.2307/3204783. JSTOR 3204783.
Farley P. Richmond; Darius L. Swann; Phillip B. Zarrilli (1993). Indian Theatre: Traditions of Performance. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 978-81-208-0981-9.
Revealing the Art of Natyasastra by Narayanan Chittoor Namboodiripad ISBN 9788121512183
"Andhra Pradesh Portal: Dance". Andhra Pradesh Government. Archived from the original on 2010-12-04. Retrieved 2010-11-03.
External links[edit]
Classical Indian dance at Curlie (based on DMOZ)
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text:
Rudolph (name)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Rudolph.
Rudolph
Rudolf the First of the German Habsburg Dynasty
Pronunciation
/ruːdɒlf/
German: [ˈʁuːdɔlf]
Gender
Male
Origin
Word/name
German
Meaning
Famous wolf
Other names
Related names
Rodolfo, Rolf
Rudolph or Rudolf (French: Rodolphe, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish: Rodolfo) or Rodolphe is a male first name, and, less commonly, a surname. It is a Germanic name deriving from two stems: Rod or Hrōð, meaning "fame", and olf meaning "wolf" (see also Hroðulf; cf. Adolf).
Contents
[hide]
1 In other languages
2 Surname
2.1 Athletes
2.2 In film and television
2.3 In science and technology
2.4 In music
2.5 Other
3 Given name
3.1 Royalty
3.2 Religious figures
3.3 Dancers
3.4 In film and television
3.5 In science and technology
3.6 In music
3.7 Political figures
3.8 Other
3.9 Fictional
4 References
In other languages[edit]
Afrikaans: Rudolf
Albanian: Rudolf
Armenian: Ռուդոլֆ (Rudolf)
Catalan: Rodolf
Croatian: Rudolf
Czech: Rudolf
Danish: Rudolf
Dutch: Roelof, Rudolf, Ruud
English: Rudolf, Rudolph
French: Rodolphe, Raoul
Georgian: რუდოლფ (Rudolp)
German: Rudolf, diminutive: Rudi
Greek: Ροδόλφος (Rhodólphos), Ράλλης (Rhálles)
Hebrew רודולף (Rudolf)
Hungarian: Rudolf
Italian: Rodolfo
Latin: Rudolphus
Latvian: Rūdolfs
Norwegian: Rudolf
Polish: Rudolf
Portuguese: Rodolfo
Russian: Рудольф (Rudolf)
Serbian: Rudolf (Рудолф)
Slovak: Rudolf
Slovene: Rudolf
Spanish: Rodolfo
Swedish: Rudolf
Surname[edit]
Athletes[edit]
Ernie Rudolph (1909–2003), Major League Baseball pitcher
Gergely Rudolf (born 1985), Hungarian soccer player
Jacques Rudolph (born 1981), South African cricketer who plays for Surrey CCC
Kyle Rudolph (born 1989), National Football League player
Mason Rudolph (born 1995), American football player
Nils Rudolph (born 1965), German freestyle swimmer
Wilma Rudolph (1940–1994), American Olympic athlete
In film and television[edit]
Alan Rudolph (born 1943), film director and screenwriter
Maya Rudolph (born 1972), actress and comedian
William Rudolph (died 1975), American film technician
In science and technology[edit]
Arthur Rudolph (1906–1996), rocket scientist who helped develop the V-2 and the Saturn V, Operation Paperclip
In music[edit]
Jean-Joseph Rodolphe (1730–1812), composer
Max Rudolf (conductor) (1902–1995), German conductor who spent most of his career in the United States
Kevin Rudolf (born 1983), American musician, singer-songwriter and music producer.
Other[edit]
Albert Rudolph, birth name of Swami Rudrananda, American entrepreneur and spiritual teacher
Eric Rudolph (born 1966), serial murderer and terrorist
Julia Ann Rudolph (c. 1820–c. 1890), American photographer
Paul Rudolph (architect) (1918–1997), American architect
Vernon Rudolph (1915–1973), founder of Krispy Kreme Doughnuts, Inc
Given name[edit]
Royalty[edit]
Rudolph of France (r. 923–936)
Rudolf I of Germany (1218–1291)
Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor (1552–1612)
Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria (1858–1889), son and heir of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria and Empress Elisabeth of Austria (died at Mayerling)
Rudolph I of Bohemia (1281–1307)
Rudolf II, Duke of Austria (1270–1290)
Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria (1339–1365)
Religious figures[edit]
Rudolf of Fulda, 9th century monk, writer and theologian
Rudolf von Habsburg-Lothringen (1788–1831), Archbishop of Olomouc and member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine
Dancers[edit]
Rudolf Laban (1879–1958)
Rudolf Nureyev (1938–1993)
In film and television[edit]
Rudolph Valentino (1895–1926), legendary silent film actor
Rudolph Walker (born 1939), British actor
Rudy Wurlitzer (born 1937), American novelist and screenwriter.
Rudolf Bernhard (1901–1962), Swiss actor and theater director
Rudolf Hrušínský (born 1920), Czech actor
Ruedi Walter, (1916–1990) Swiss comedian and actor
In science and technology[edit]
Ralph H. Baer (Rudolf Heinrich Baer) (1922–2014), German-American video game pioneer, inventor, engineer.
Rudolph Boysen (1895–1950), creator of the boysenberry
Rudolf Diesel (1858–1913), inventor of the diesel engine
Rudolph A. Marcus (born 1923), Canadian Nobel Prize-winning chemist
Rudolf Simek (born 1954), Germanist and Philologian
Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902), German physician and biologist
Rudolf Wolf (1816–1893), Swiss astronomer and mathematician
In music[edit]
Sir Rudolf Bing (1902–1997), opera impresario
Rudolf Friml (1879–1972), composer of operettas, musicals, songs and piano pieces, and a pianist
Rodolfo "Fito" Páez (born 1963), Argentine singer-songwriter
Rudolph Isley (born 1939), American singer-songwriter and is one of the founding members of The Isley Brothers.
Rudolf Schenker (born 1948), German guitarist and founding member of heavy metal band Scorpions.
Wage Rudolf Supratman (born 1903), Indonesian songwriter and the composer both the music and lyrics for the song Indonesia Raya.
Political figures[edit]
Rudolph William Louis Giuliani (born 1944), American lawyer, businessman, former politician, and public speaker. He served as Mayor of New York City from 1994 to 2001.
Rudolph (Rudy) Perpich, former governor of Minnesota.
Rudolf Maister (1874-1934) Slovene military officer, poet and political activist.
Other[edit]
Rudolf Abel, the alias of Vilyam Genrikhovich Fisher (1903–1971), a Russian spy
Rudolf Anderson (1927–1962), U.S. Air Force pilot and first recipient of the Air Force Cross
Rudolf Brandt (1909–1948), German Nazi SS officer, executed for war crimes
Rudolf Dassler (1898–1974), German businessman
Rudolf Hess (1894–1987), Deputy Führer in Nazi Germany
Rudolf Höss (1900–1947), German Nazi first commandant of Auschwitz concentration camp
Rudolf Spielmann (1883–1942), Austrian-Jewish chess player
Rudolf Straeuli (born 1963), South African rugby player and coach
Rudolf Völler (born 1960), German football player
Rudolf Vrba (1924–2006), Slovak-Canadian professor of pharmacology and Jewish escapee of the Auschwitz concentration camp
Rudolph Berthold (1891–1920), German World War I air ace
Rudolph "Rudy" LaRusso (1927–2004), American basketball player
Rudolph Arvid Peterson (1904–2003), former president and CEO of Bank of America.
Rudolph Wurlitzer (1831–1914) German American businessman, founder of The Rudolph Wurlitzer Company
Fictional[edit]
Rudolph The Red-Nosed Reindeer (1939), fictional character
References[edit]
http://www.meertens.knaw.nl/voornamen/VNB/index.php?act=zoeken&id=16253
This page or section lists people that share the same given name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rudolph_(name)&oldid=838516012"
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This page was last edited on 27 April 2018, at 14:27.
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Rudolph (disambiguation)

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Habsburg Dynasty

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Latin language

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Rudolph I of Bohemia

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Rudolf von Habsburg-Lothringen

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Rudolf Laban

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Rudolph Wurlitzer

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Vilyam Genrikhovich Fisher

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Rudolph Berthold

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Rudolph The Red-Nosed Reindeer

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value: Рудолф – Russian

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