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Hanging Gardens of Babylon
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For other uses, see Hanging Garden (disambiguation).
This hand-coloured engraving, probably made in the 19th century after the first excavations in the Assyrian capitals, depicts the fabled Hanging Gardens, with the Tower of Babel in the background.
Timeline and map of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon and the other Wonders of the Ancient World
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, a term given to it by ancient Hellenic culture. The Hanging Gardens were described as a remarkable feat of engineering with an ascending series of tiered gardens containing a wide variety of trees, shrubs, and vines. The gardens were said to have looked like a large green mountain constructed of mud bricks.
The Hanging Gardens is the only one of the seven ancient wonders for which the location has not been definitively established.[1] Traditionally they were said to have been built in the ancient city of Babylon, near present-day Hillah, Babil province, in Iraq. The Babylonian priest Berossus, writing in about 290 BC and quoted later by Josephus, attributed the gardens to Neo-Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II, who ruled between 605 and 562 BC. There are no extant Babylonian texts which mention the gardens, and no definitive archaeological evidence has been found in Babylon.[2][3]
Because no physical evidence for the Hanging Gardens has been found at Babylon, two theories have been suggested. One is that they were purely mythical, and the descriptions found in ancient Greek and Roman writers including Strabo, Diodorus Siculus and Quintus Curtius Rufus represent a romantic ideal of an eastern garden.[4] If it did indeed exist, it was destroyed sometime after the first century AD.[5][6] The other theory is that they were actually in the city of Nineveh, constructed by the Assyrian king Sennacherib.[7]
According to one legend, Nebuchadnezzar II built the Hanging Gardens for his Median wife, Queen Amytis, because she missed the green hills and valleys of her homeland. He also built a grand palace that came to be known as "The Marvel of the Mankind". Stephanie Dalley suggests that the original garden may have been a well-documented one that Assyrian King Sennacherib (704–681 BC) built in his capital city of Nineveh on the River Tigris, near the modern city of Mosul.[8]
Contents
[hide]
1 Descriptions
2 Scholarship and controversy
3 Hanging Garden at Nineveh
4 See also
5 References
6 Sources
7 Further reading
8 External links
Descriptions
There are five principal writers whose descriptions of Babylon are extant in some form today. These writers concern themselves with the size of the Hanging Gardens, their overall design and means of irrigation, and why they were built.
Josephus (c.37–100 AD) quotes a description of the gardens by Berossus, a Babylonian priest of Marduk writing circa 290 BC.[1] Berossus described the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II and is the only source to credit that king with the construction of the Hanging Gardens.[9]
In this palace he erected very high walks, supported by stone pillars; and by planting what was called a pensile paradise, and replenishing it with all sorts of trees, he rendered the prospect an exact resemblance of a mountainous country. This he did to gratify his queen, because she had been brought up in Media, and was fond of a mountainous situation.[10]
Hanging gardens of Semiramis, by H. Waldeck
Diodorus Siculus (active c.60–30 BC) seems to have consulted the 4th century BC texts of both Cleitarchus (a historian of Alexander the Great) and Ctesias of Cnidus. Diodorus ascribes the construction to a Syrian king. He states that the garden was in the shape of a square, with each side approximately four plethra long. The garden was tiered, with the uppermost gallery being 50 cubits high. The walls, 22 feet thick, were made of brick. The bases of the tiered sections were sufficiently deep to provide root growth for the largest trees, and the gardens were irrigated from the nearby Euphrates.[11]
Quintus Curtius Rufus (fl. 1st century AD) probably drew on the same sources as Diodorus.[12] He states that the gardens were located on top of a citadel, which was 20 stadia in circumference. He attributes the building of the gardens to a Syrian king, again for the reason that his queen missed her homeland.
The account of Strabo (c.64 BC – 21 AD) possibly based his account on the lost account of Onesicritus from the 4th century BC[13] He mentions that the gardens were watered by means of a screw leading to the gardens from the Euphrates.
Philo of Byzantium (4th–5th century AD[14]) is the last of the classical sources. The description of the gardens in his A Handbook to the Seven Wonders of the World is thought to be independent of earlier Greek sources. The method of raising water by screw matches that described by Strabo.[15] He marvels at the engineering and ingenuity of building vast areas of deep soil, which had a tremendous mass, so far above the natural grade of the surrounding land. The irrigation techniques were also a marvel.
Scholarship and controversy
This copy of a bas relief from the North Palace of Ashurbanipal (669–631 BC) at Nineveh shows a luxurious garden watered by an aqueduct.
There is some controversy as to whether the Hanging Gardens were an actual construction or a poetic creation, owing to the lack of documentation in contemporaneous Babylonian sources. There is also no mention of Nebuchadnezzar's wife Amyitis (or any other wives), although a political marriage to a Median or Persian would not have been unusual.[16] Many records exist of Nebuchadnezzar's works, yet his long and complete inscriptions do not mention any garden.[17]
Herodotus, who describes Babylon in his Histories, does not mention the Hanging Gardens.[18]
To date, no archaeological evidence has been found at Babylon for the Hanging Gardens.[1] It is possible that evidence exists beneath the Euphrates, which cannot be excavated safely at present. The river flowed east of its current position during the time of Nebuchadnezzar II, and little is known about the western portion of Babylon.[19] Rollinger has suggested that Berossus attributed the Gardens to Nebuchadnezzar for political reasons, and that he had adopted the legend from elsewhere.[20]
A recent theory proposes that the Hanging Gardens of Babylon were actually constructed by the Assyrian king Sennacherib (reigned 704 – 681 BC) for his palace at Nineveh. Stephanie Dalley posits that during the intervening centuries the two sites became confused, and the extensive gardens at Sennacherib's palace were attributed to Nebuchadnezzar II's Babylon.[7] Recently discovered evidence includes excavation of a vast system of aqueducts inscribed to Sennacherib, which Dalley proposes were part of a 80-kilometre (50 mi) series of canals, dams, and aqueducts used to carry water to Nineveh with water-raising screws used to raise it to the upper levels of the gardens.[21]
Dalley bases her arguments on recent developments in the decipherment of contemporary Akkadian inscriptions. Her main points are:[22]
The name "Babylon", meaning "Gate of the Gods"[23] was applied to several Mesopotamian cities.[24] Sennacherib renamed the city gates of Nineveh after gods,[25] which suggests that he wished his city to be considered "a Babylon".
Only Josephus names Nebuchadnezzar as the king who built the gardens; although Nebuchadnezzar left many inscriptions, none mentions any garden or engineering works.[26] Diodorus Siculus and Quintus Curtius Rufus specify a "Syrian" king.
By contrast, Sennacherib left written descriptions,[27] and there is archaeological evidence of his water engineering.[28] His grandson Assurbanipal pictured the mature garden on a sculptured wall panel in his palace.[29]
Sennacherib called his new palace and garden "a wonder for all peoples". He describes the making and operation of screws to raise water in his garden.[30]
The descriptions of the classical authors fit closely to these contemporary records. Before the Battle of Gaugamela in 331 BC Alexander the Great camped for four days near the aqueduct at Jerwan.[31] The historians who travelled with him would have had ample time to investigate the enormous works around them, recording them in Greek. These first-hand accounts do not survive into our times but were quoted by later Greek writers.
Hanging Garden at Nineveh
King Sennacherib's Hanging Garden was considered a world wonder not just for its beauty – a year-round oasis of lush green in a dusty summer landscape – but also for the marvelous feats of water engineering that maintained the garden.[32]
There was a tradition of Assyrian royal garden building. King Ashurnasirpal II (883–859 BC) had created a canal, which cut through the mountains. Fruit tree orchards were planted. Also mentioned were pines, cypresses and junipers; almond trees, date trees, ebony, rosewood, olive, oak, tamarisk, walnut, terebinth, ash, fir, pomegranate, pear, quince, fig, and grapes.
Photo of Assyrian wall relief showing garden in the ancient city of Nineveh (Mosul Iraq)
Sennacherib is the only Mesopotamian king who has left a record of his love for his wife. Of Sennacherib's palace, he mentions the massive limestone blocks that reinforce the flood defences. Parts of the palace were excavated by Austin Henry Layard in the mid-19th century. His citadel plan shows contours which would be consistent with Sennacherib's garden, but its position has not been confirmed. The area has been used as a military base in recent times, making it difficult to investigate further.
A sculptured wall panel of Assurbanipal shows the garden in its maturity. One original panel[33] and the drawing of another[34] are held by the British Museum, although neither is on public display. Several features mentioned by the classical authors are discernible on these contemporary images.
The irrigation of such a garden demanded an upgraded water supply to the city of Nineveh. The canals stretched over 50 km into the mountains. Sennacherib was proud of the technologies he had employed and describes them in some detail on his inscriptions. At the headwater of Bavian (Khinnis)[35] his inscription mentions automatic sluice gates. An enormous aqueduct crossing the valley at Jerwan was constructed of over 2 million dressed stones. It used stone arches and waterproof cement.[36] On it is written:
Sennacherib king of the world king of Assyria. Over a great distance I had a watercourse directed to the environs of Nineveh, joining together the waters.... Over steep-sided valleys I spanned an aqueduct of white limestone blocks, I made those waters flow over it.
Sennacherib claims to be the first to deploy a new casting technique in place of the "lost-wax" process for his monumental (30 tonne) bronze castings.
Sennacherib could bring the water into his garden at a high level because it was sourced from further up the mountains. He then raised the water even higher by deploying his new water screws. This meant he could build a garden that towered above the landscape with large trees on the top of the terraces – a stunning artistic effect that surpassed those of his predecessors and which justifies his own claim to have built a "Wonder for all Peoples".
See also
Folkewall
Green wall
Green roof
Historical hydroculture
History of gardening
References
^ Jump up to: a b c Finkel (1988) p. 41.
Jump up ^ Finkel (1988) p. 58.
Jump up ^ Finkel, Irving; Seymour, Michael (2008). Babylon: City of Wonders. London: British Museum Press. p. 52. ISBN 0-7141-1171-6.
Jump up ^ Finkel 2008
Jump up ^ "The Hanging Gardens of Babylon". Retrieved 5 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Hanging Gardens of Babylon". Retrieved 5 February 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Stephanie Dalley (1993). "Ancient Mesopotamian Gardens and the Identification of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon Resolved". Garden History. 21: 7. JSTOR 1587050.
Jump up ^ Dalley, Stephanie (2013). The Mystery of the Hanging Garden of Babylon: an elusive World Wonder traced. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-966226-5.
Jump up ^ Finkel (2008) p. 108.
Jump up ^ Joseph. contr. Appion. lib. 1. c. 19.—Syncel. Chron. 220.—Euseb. Præp. Evan. lib. 9.
Jump up ^ Diodorus Siculus II.10-1-10
Jump up ^ History of Alexander V.1.35-5
Jump up ^ Strabo, Geography XVI.1.5, translation adapted from H.L. Jones, Loeb Classical Library edn (1961).
Jump up ^ This author is now thought to not be Philo the Engineer of Byzantium, but perhaps Philo the Paradoxographer of Byzantium; Stephanie Dalley, "More about the Hanging Gardens," in Of Pots and Pans: Papers on the Archaeology and History of Mesopotamia and Syria as presented to David Oates on his 75th Birthday, Edited by L. al-Gailani-Werr, J.E. Curtis, H. Martin, A. McMahon, J. Oates and J.E. Reade, (London), pp. 67–73 ISBN 1-897750-62-5.
Jump up ^ Dalley (2013), p. 40. Dalley bases her translation on Brodersen (1992) who uses an early Greek text. A previous translation by David Oates, based on a Latin text, is found in Finkel (1988) pp. 45–46.
Jump up ^ Finkel (2008) p. 109.
Jump up ^ Dalley (2013)
Jump up ^ Priestley, Jessica (2014). Herodotus and Hellenistic culture: Literary Studies in the Reception of the Histories. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 91.
Jump up ^ Joan Oates, Babylon, Revised Edition, Thames and Hudson, London (1986) p. 144 ISBN 0500273847.
Jump up ^ Rollinger, Robert "Berossos and the Monuments", ed. J Haubold et al, The World of Berossos, Wiesbaden (2013), p151
Jump up ^ Alberge, Dalya (5 May 2013). "Babylon's hanging garden: ancient scripts give clue to missing wonder". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
Jump up ^ Dalley, Stephanie (2013) The Mystery of the Hanging Garden of Babylon: an elusive World Wonder traced, Oxford University Press ISBN 978-0-19-966226-5.
Jump up ^ AR George, Babylonian Topographical Texts, (1992)
Jump up ^ see for example Cuneiform Texts in the British Museum, Vol 19, page 25, line 25
Jump up ^ Pongratz-Leisten, Ina Sulmi Erub (1994),
Jump up ^ See Dalley (2013) ch 1 for a summary.
Jump up ^ Especially: the Iraq Museum prism dated 694 BC published by A Heidel, The Octagonal Sennacherib Prism in the Iraq Museum, Sumer 9 (1953); and the British Museum prism BM103000 of the same date
Jump up ^ T Jacobsen and S Lloyd, Sennacherib's Aqueduct at Jerwan (1935); Reade, Studies in Assyrian Geography, Revue d'Assyriologie 72 (1978); Channel 4 TV programme Secret History: Finding Babylon's Hanging Garden, 24th November 2013
Jump up ^ AH Layard, Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon, (1853)
Jump up ^ Dalley (2013), pp. 62–63
Jump up ^ R Lane Fox, Alexander the Great (1973)
Jump up ^ Stephanie Dalley (2013). The Mystery of the Hanging Garden of Babylon: An Elusive World Wonder Traced. Oxford University Press. p. 65–82. ISBN 978-0-19-966226-5. The quotations in this section are the translations of the author and are reproduced with the permission of OUP.
Jump up ^ BM124939
Jump up ^ Original Drawing IV 77
Jump up ^ Layard (1853)
Jump up ^ Jacobsen (1935)
Sources
Finkel, Irving (1988). "The Hanging Gardens of Babylon". In Clayton, Peter; Price, Martin. The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. New York: Routledge. pp. 38 ff. ISBN 0-415-05036-7.
Finkel, Irving L.; Seymour, Michael J., eds. (2008). Babylon. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-538540-3.
Dalley, Stephanie (2013). The Mystery of the Hanging Garden of Babylon: an elusive World Wonder traced. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-966226-5.
Library resources about
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Online books
Resources in your library
Resources in other libraries
Further reading
Dalley, Stephanie. 1994. "Nineveh, Babylon and the Hanging Gardens: Cuneiform and Classical Sources Reconciled." Iraq 56: 45-58. doi:10.2307/4200384.
--. 2013. The Mystery of the Hanging Garden of Babylon: An Elusive World Wonder Traced. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Norwich, John Julius. 2009. The Great Cities In History. London: Thames & Hudson.
Reade, Julian. 2000. "Alexander the Great and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon." Iraq 62: 195-217. doi:10.2307/4200490.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hanging Gardens of Babylon.
How the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World Work: The Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Plants in the Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Artistic Renditions of the Hanging Gardens and the city of Babylon
Animation of 3D virtual Hanging Gardens of Babylon
The Lost Gardens of Babylon Documentary produced by the PBS Series Secrets of the Dead
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Coordinates: 32°32′08″N 44°25′39″E / 32.5355°N 44.4275°E / 32.5355; 44.4275
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A Goofy Movie
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A Goofy Movie
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Kevin Lima
Produced by
Dan Rounds
Screenplay by
Jymn Magon
Chris Matheson
Brian Pimental
Story by
Jymn Magon
Based on
Goof Troop
by Peter Montgomery
Starring
Bill Farmer
Jason Marsden
Jim Cummings
Kellie Martin
Rob Paulsen
Tevin Campbell
Music by
Carter Burwell
Don Davis
Edited by
Gregory Perler
Production
companies
Walt Disney Pictures
Disney MovieToons
Walt Disney Television Animation
Walt Disney Animation France
Walt Disney Animation Australia
Walt Disney Animation Canada
Distributed by
Buena Vista Pictures Distribution, Inc.
Release date
April 7, 1995 (1995-04-07)[1]
Running time
78 minutes[2]
Country
United States
Language
English
Box office
$35.3 million[3]
A Goofy Movie is a 1995 animated musical comedy film, produced by Disney MovieToons and Walt Disney Television Animation. The animated directorial debut of Kevin Lima, the film is based on The Disney Afternoon television series Goof Troop, and acts as a follow-up to the show. Taking place several years after the events of Goof Troop, A Goofy Movie follows Goofy and his son, Max, who is now in high school, and revolves around the father-son relationship between the two as Goofy takes Max on a fishing trip out of fear that Max is drifting away from him, unintentionally interfering with Max's social life, particularly his relationship with Roxanne, his high school crush. It features the voices of Bill Farmer, Jason Marsden, Jim Cummings, Kellie Martin, Pauly Shore, Jenna von Oÿ, and Wallace Shawn, and prominently features the singing voice of Tevin Campbell as Powerline, a fictional pop star. The film was also dedicated to Pat Buttram, who died during the film's production.
A Goofy Movie was released theatrically on April 7, 1995, by Walt Disney Pictures to mixed reviews from critics and moderate box office success. It has since gained a cult following among millennials. A direct-to-video sequel to the movie titled An Extremely Goofy Movie was released in February 2000.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Voice cast
3 Production
4 Music
5 Release
5.1 Home media
6 Reception
6.1 Critical response
6.2 Box office
6.3 Accolades
7 Legacy
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
It is the last day of school before the summer break for Goofy's teenage son Max, who has a plan to shed his "Goof" label and impress his crush, Roxanne. Max and his best friends, P.J. and Bobby Zimuruski, hijack the auditorium stage in the middle of Principal Mazur's speech, creating a small concert where Max performs, while costumed as the pop singer Powerline. The performance succeeds in making Max a school celebrity, but he, P.J., and Bobby are sent to Mazur's office. While waiting outside of the office, Roxanne speaks with Max and agrees to go with him to a party where Powerline's concert will be aired live. However, Mazur exaggerates these events to Goofy during a phone call with him and claims that Max's actions may result in him facing capital punishment, therefore extremely rubbing in Goofy's fear that Max is drifting away from him.
Oblivious to Max's plans with Roxanne, Goofy decides to take Max on a fishing trip to Lake Destiny, Idaho, following a map route he and his father took years ago, and the two go into his station wagon. Max stops by Roxanne's house to call off their date, but when Roxanne says she will just have to go with someone else, Max panics and instead fabricates a story about his father knowing Powerline, telling her that he will appear on stage at the concert.
Despite his son's objections, Goofy plans his own trip, with initially disastrous results, leading to Max hurting his father's feelings after being humiliated at an opossum-based theme park.
While camping, Pete and P.J. join them. Following Pete's advice to keep Max under control, Goofy takes his son fishing and performs the Perfect Cast fishing technique, luring Bigfoot to their camp, forcing Pete and P.J. to flee, and leaving Goofy and Max to spend the night with Bigfoot. That night, while Goofy is asleep, Max surreptitiously alters the map route to Los Angeles, where the concert is taking place.
The next morning, Goofy decides to make Max the navigator of the trip. The two go to several locations that satisfy both of them, and stop by a motel where they meet Pete and P.J. again. Pete overhears a conversation between Max and P.J., and reluctantly tells Goofy that Max is tricking him into traveling to Los Angeles.
The next day, Goofy and Max come to a junction: one leading to Idaho, the other to California. After Max chooses the route to California, Goofy stops the car at the Grand Canyon and has a tantrum. With the brake loose, the car drives off on its own, leaving Goofy and Max to chase after it and ending up in the canyon.
Goofy reveals his believing Mazur's exaggerations to Max, and also says that no matter how old Max gets, he will always be his son, and the two reconcile with each other. After learning that Max had promised Roxanne that he would be at the concert, Goofy decides to take him to Los Angeles. The two nearly plummet down a waterfall to their deaths, but Max fortunately saves Goofy, using the Perfect Cast technique.
Goofy and Max get to Los Angeles, and while attempting to sneak backstage, they end up onstage and dance with Powerline, watched by Pete, P.J. and Roxanne on separate televisions.
Goofy and Max later return to Roxanne's house in their damaged car, where Max tells the truth to Roxanne; she accepts it and admits she always had feelings for him, ever since he first said, "Ahyuck!", starting a relationship between them.
Goofy's car suddenly explodes due to the damage it has sustained, ejecting Goofy in the process, but he safely falls through the porch roof of Roxanne's house, where Max proceeds to introduce him to Roxanne.
Voice cast[edit]
Bill Farmer as Goofy, Max's father who works as a photographer at a Kmart. He takes Max on a fishing trip out of worry that their relationship is drifting.
Jason Marsden as Maximillan "Max" Goof, Goofy's insecure teenage son.
Kellie Martin as Roxanne, Max's high school love interest.
Jim Cummings as Pete, Goofy's coworker who he and Max happen upon during their road trip.
Rob Paulsen as P.J., Pete's son and Max's best friend.
Pauly Shore (uncredited) as Robert "Bobby" Zimuruski, Max and P.J.'s other best friend at school.
Jenna von Oÿ as Stacey, Roxanne's best friend.
Julie Brown as Lisa, a student in Max's high school who, along with the other students, makes fun of Max until his performance as Powerline made her and the students congratulate Max. She is Chad's girlfriend.
Joey Lawrence as Chad, a student in Max's high school who, along with the other students, makes fun of Max until his performance as Powerline made him and the students congratulate Max. He is Lisa's boyfriend.
Tevin Campbell as the singing voice of Powerline, a famous rock star celebrity who Max looks up to.
Wallace Shawn as Principal Mazur, the bad-tempered principal of Max's school.
Frank Welker as Bigfoot, a monster who lives in the forest.
Kevin Lima as Lester the Possum
Florence Stanley as a Waitress
Jo Anne Worley as Miss Maples
Wayne Allwine as Mickey Mouse, who is seen hitchhiking alongside Donald Duck during Max and Goofy's road trip.
Pat Buttram as the Possum Park Emcee
Herschel Sparber as a Security guard
Brittney Alyse Smith as the Photo Studio Girl
Corey Burton as Wendell
Pat Carroll as a restaurant waiter.
Production[edit]
A Goofy Movie was the directorial debut for Disney crew member Kevin Lima, who went on to direct the Disney films Tarzan (1999), 102 Dalmatians (2000) and Enchanted (2007).[4] In 1995, Lima said that "Instead of just keeping Goofy one-dimensional as he's been in the past, we wanted to give an emotional side that would add to the emotional arc of the story. We wanted the audience to see his feelings instead of just his antics."[5]
Although based upon a Disney TV series, A Goofy Movie was jointly produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation, Walt Disney Television Animation, Disney MovieToons, Walt Disney Animation France. and Walt Disney Animation Australia. Pre-production was done at the main WDFA studio in Burbank, California, starting as early as mid-1993. The animation work was done at Walt Disney Animation France in Paris, France supervised by Paul and Gaëtan Brizzi, with additional scenes animated at Disney's studio in Sydney, Australia under the direction of Steve Moore, and clean-up work done at the main Burbank studio.[6][7] Additional clean-up/animation was done by Phoenix Animation Studios in Canada, and Digital ink and paint by the Pixibox studio in France.[8]
According to Bill Farmer, who provided the voice talent for Goofy, in a panel interview, producers had asked him to give Goofy a "normal dad voice" as opposed to the voice he traditionally gives the character, but Farmer refused to, stating that "no one wants to hear that."[9] The voice of Max was done by Jason Marsden, whereas his singing voice was done by Aaron Lohr.[9] The movie is dedicated to Pat Buttram, who voiced the emcee at possum park, as he passed away after finishing voice work for the film.[10]
Music[edit]
The score for A Goofy Movie was provided by Carter Burwell and Don Davis.[11] Burwell was the primary composer; after Burwell had recorded his score with Shirley Walker orchestrating and conducting, Davis was hired to rework his score rather than write a completely new one. Burwell later wrote "My score had relied somewhat on unusual instrumentation - banjo, percussion and choir for example - and Disney wanted the sweeping scale and familiar affect of symphonic score." .[12] Davis is credited with "additional music" on the movie and the soundtrack album.
The songs "I 2 I" and "Stand Out" were performed by R&B singer Tevin Campbell. The soundtrack album for A Goofy Movie was released by Walt Disney Records on March 18, 1995.[13] Mitchell Musso covered the song "Stand Out" for the DisneyMania 7 album, which was released on March 9, 2010.[14]
A Goofy Movie Original Soundtrack
No.
Title
Length
1. "I2I" (Tevin Campbell and Rosie Gaines) 4:37
2. "After Today" (Aaron Lohr and Chorus) 2:21
3. "Stand Out" (Tevin Campbell) 3:00
4. "On the Open Road" (Bill Farmer, Aaron Lohr, and Chorus) 3:01
5. "Lester's Possum Park" (Kevin Quinn and Chorus) 1:25
6. "Nobody Else But You" (Bill Farmer and Aaron Lohr) 2:35
7. "Opening Fanfare / Max's Dream / Transformation" 1:25
8. "Deep Sludge" 2:35
9. "Bigfoot" 1:50
10. "Hi Dad Soup" 2:04
11. "Runaway Car" 2:14
12. "Junction" 1:32
13. "The Waterfall! / The Truth" 2:17
Release[edit]
A Goofy Movie was originally scheduled for a November 1994 theatrical release,[15] but production setbacks resulted in a push-back to 1995, while The Lion King was reissued to fill in for the film's absence.[16] The film's premiere took place on April 5, 1995, at the AMC Pleasure Island at Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, and was attended by director Kevin Lima and voice stars Bill Farmer and Jenna von Oy. On the 7th, it was released nationwide.[17] The film played a limited engagement at the El Capitan Theatre from August 25 through September 4, 2017.[18]
Home media[edit]
The film was first released on VHS by Walt Disney Home Video on September 6, 1995, and included a music video for the Parachute Express song Doctor Looney's Remedy on their video, Come Sing with Us. In the UK, it was released in theaters succeeding the Mickey Mouse short Runaway Brain on October 18, 1996, and on VHS in 1997. It was reissued on June 20, 2000, along with a DVD version as part of the short-lived Walt Disney Gold Classic Collection. This edition includes the Goof Troop episode, "Calling All Goofs" and a "Disney-fied" edit of Mambo No. 5. To date, this film and Doug's 1st Movie are the only two Disney animated films produced in widescreen that have pan and scan-only Region 1 DVD releases (not counting separate widescreen and pan and scan DVD releases of the two Disney/Pixar films The Incredibles and Cars). However, the film's PAL and NTSC (Japan) counterpart does have a non-anamorphic widescreen DVD, and the film is available in a letterbox presentation on LaserDisc and also in standard-definition widescreen on digital video retailers.
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
A Goofy Movie holds a score of 53% at Rotten Tomatoes, based on reviews from 15 critics.[19]
Variety's Todd McCarthy criticized the film's score, calling the six featured songs "unmemorable". He also felt that the personality of Goofy's character, while agreeable enough in support, proved a bit over the top for a headliner, and that "by any reasonable reckoning, he's distinctly overbearing and selfish, and responds with a bland dismissal to any opinion offered up by his son". McCarthy praised the film's technical aspects, calling them "crisp and clean".[6] Louis Black of The Austin Chronicle summed up his review by saying the film was "bland, a barely television-length cartoon stretched out to fill a feature, and not much fun".[5]
Siskel and Ebert both approved of the movie, praising the color scheme and the "sweet" father-son plot, and gave it three stars.[20] Writing for Common Sense Media, Nell Minow gave the film 4 stars, saying that "even tweens will enjoy this road trip with Goofy."[21]
Box office[edit]
A Goofy Movie was considered a relative success for Disney, opening in 2,159 theaters at #2 on its opening weekend with $6,129,557 - held from the #1 spot only because of the Will Smith blockbuster Bad Boys that opened the same weekend, with $15,523,358 in box office returns.[22] It ultimately ended its run at the US box office grossing $35,348,597 - coming in as the 51st highest-grossing domestic film in 1995.[3]
Accolades[edit]
The film was nominated for "Best Animated Feature" in the production categories and "Best Production Design", "Best Storyboarding", "Best Music", and "Best Animation" in the individual categories at the 23rd Annie Awards.[23]
Legacy[edit]
A direct-to-video sequel to A Goofy Movie, titled An Extremely Goofy Movie, was released on DVD and VHS in 2000. The film centers Max's freshman year in college. Characters that returned for the sequel were Goofy, Max, P.J., Pete and Bobby, but Roxanne, Max's love interest, is absent from the sequel and is not referenced. Roxanne later appeared in the television series House of Mouse in the episode titled "Max's Embarrassing Date", where she was voiced by Grey DeLisle instead of Kellie Martin.
The film has gained that of a cult following, particularly among millennials who grew up with the movie.[24] On August 14, 2015, a 20th anniversary reunion for the film was held at the D23 Expo at Anaheim Convention Center in Anaheim, California.[25] Those in attendance included Bill Farmer, Jason Marsden, Jim Cummings, Rob Paulsen, Jenna von Oÿ and producer Don Hahn. Wallace Shawn, Pauly Shore and director Kevin Lima also sent video messages.[25] The panel also included musical performances from Farmer, Marsden and Tevin Campbell.[25][26]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Detail view of Movies Page". afi.com. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "A Goofy Movie (U)". British Board of Film Classification. May 14, 1996. Retrieved August 19, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "A GOOFY MOVIE". Box Office Mojo. IMDB. Archived from the original on October 1, 2007. Retrieved September 9, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Drawn to Directing". Backstage East. VNU/Nielsen Business Media. 48 (47): 9. November 22, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b Black, Louis (April 7, 1995). "A Goofy Movie". The Austin Chronicle. Retrieved August 13, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b McCarthy, Todd (April 7, 1995). "A Goofy Movie". Variety. Retrieved August 13, 2009.
Jump up ^ Hahn, Don (Director) (2010). Waking Sleeping Beauty (Documentary film). Burbank, CA: Stone Circle Pictures/Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.
Jump up ^ Lima, Kevin (Director) (1995). Closing credits forA Goofy Movie (Animated film). Burbank, CA: Walt Disney Pictures.
^ Jump up to: a b https://uproxx.com/movies/goofy-movie-reunion/
Jump up ^ Hischak, Thomas S. (September 15, 2011). Disney Voice Actors: A Biographical Dictionary. McFarland & Company. ISBN 0786486945. Retrieved February 27, 2018.
Jump up ^ "A Goofy Movie > Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved August 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Carter Burwell - A Goofy Movie". Retrieved December 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ "A Goofy Movie Soundtrack". SoundtrackNet. Retrieved August 13, 2009.
Jump up ^ Amazon.com. "Disneymania 7". Retrieved February 20, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Calendar Of Feature Releases". The Film Journal. January 1, 1994.
Jump up ^ Miller, Aimee (August 13, 1994). "The 'Lion' Sleeps This Fall". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ Spitz, Tom (April 6, 1995). "'Goofy Movie' World Premiere". The Orlando Sentinel.
Jump up ^ Mack, Mike (August 22, 2017). "Disney's "A Goofy Movie" to screen at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood". Inside the Magic. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "A Goofy Movie (1995)". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. Retrieved September 9, 2007.
Jump up ^ Reviews A GOOFY MOVIE RogerEbert.com, Retrieved June 20, 2016
Jump up ^ Minow, Nell. "A Goofy Movie Movie Review". Common Sense Media. Retrieved September 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Bad Boys Box Office Returns". BoxOfficeMojo. IMDB. Retrieved April 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Legacy: 23rd Annual Annie Award Nominees and Winners (1995)". Annie Awards. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved September 9, 2007.
Jump up ^ http://newherald.news/a-goofy-movie-special-digital-screening-nov-and-p4013-103.htm
^ Jump up to: a b c Inigo, Joey (August 17, 2015). "Surprisingly awesome A GOOFY MOVIE panel brings nostalgic rewind to #D23EXPO". Mouse Info. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
Jump up ^ “Stand Out” with A Goofy Movie’s 20th Anniversary D23, Retrieved August 18, 2015
External links[edit]
Disney portal
Film in the United States portal
Cartoon portal
Wikiquote has quotations related to: A Goofy Movie
Official website
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A Goofy Movie at The Big Cartoon DataBase
A Goofy Movie at AllMovie
A Goofy Movie at Box Office Mojo
A Goofy Movie at Rotten Tomatoes
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A Goofy Movie (1995)
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/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

value: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

value: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

value: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

value: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

value: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

value: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

value: Permanent link to this revision of the page

value: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

value: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

value: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

value: مغامرات بندق – Arabic

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-br
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

value: Η Γκουφοταινία – Greek

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

value: یه فیلم مسخره – Persian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-haw
display: none;

value: Գուֆիի արձակուրդները – Armenian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-is
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

value: גופי: הסרט – Hebrew

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

value: グーフィー・ムービー ホリデーは最高!! – Japanese

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

value: Filmul cu Goofy: Peripeții în familie – Romanian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-qu
display: none;

value: Каникулы Гуфи – Russian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sq
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tl
display: none;

value: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-A_Goofy_Movie rootpage-A_Goofy_Movie skin-vector action-view