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Patrick Brown (politician)
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For other people with the same name, see Patrick Brown (disambiguation).
Patrick Brown
MPP
Leader of the Opposition in Ontario
Incumbent
Assumed office
September 14, 2015
Preceded by
Jim Wilson
Leader of the Ontario PC Party
Incumbent
Assumed office
May 9, 2015
Preceded by
Jim Wilson (interim)
Member of the Ontario Provincial Parliament
for Simcoe North
Incumbent
Assumed office
September 3, 2015
Preceded by
Garfield Dunlop
Member of the Canadian Parliament
for Barrie
In office
January 23, 2006 – May 13, 2015
Preceded by
Aileen Carroll
Succeeded by
Riding Abolished
Personal details
Born
Patrick Walter Brown
(1978-05-26) May 26, 1978 (age 39)
Toronto, Ontario
Political party
Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario
Other political
affiliations
Conservative Party of Canada
Relations
Joe Tascona (uncle)
Residence
Barrie, Ontario
Education
St. Michael's College School
Alma mater
University of Windsor (LL.B.)
University of Toronto (B.A.)
Profession
Lawyer
Patrick Walter Brown MPP (born May 26, 1978) is a Canadian politician who is the leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario and Ontario's Leader of the Official Opposition. Brown was a federal Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada from 2006-15 representing the riding of Barrie.
In May 2015, Brown was elected leader of the Ontario PC Party, and stepped down as MP. He was elected Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) for Simcoe North in a provincial by-election on September 3, 2015. Before being elected to federal office, Brown worked as a lawyer in Barrie.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Politics
2.1 Political views
2.2 Municipal politics
2.3 Federal politics
2.4 Provincial politics
3 Electoral record
4 References
5 External links
Background[edit]
Brown was born in Toronto of Irish and Italian descent, and raised in the Roman Catholic faith. His father, Edmond Brown, a lawyer and former New Democratic Party candidate, was raised in England and Ireland before moving to Canada, and his mother, Judy (née Tascona) Brown, is of partial Italian descent.[2]
Brown is the nephew of Joe Tascona, a Barrie Progressive Conservative MPP in the Mike Harris government.[3] He graduated from St. Michael's College School, a private Catholic school in Toronto.[4] He studied political science at the University of Toronto, and graduated with a law degree from the University of Windsor. During his second year at law school, he was one of 10 recipients of the As Prime Minister Award. He worked for Magna International in their legal department for four years.[citation needed]
Brown served two terms as President of the Progressive Conservative Youth Federation (PCYF),[5] a position he held from 1998 to 2002. He also served on the executive of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, as a Vice President. As PCYF President, Brown was one of the early supporters of a united right and was criticized for his decision to support a united right from party leader Joe Clark and Member of Parliament Scott Brison. Brown was later re-elected as PCYF president with 81 percent of the vote against Jonathan Frate of Manitoba.
Brown was the Deputy Chairman of the International Young Democrat Union (IYDU).[when?] He has also represented Canada on a number of international assistance projects hosted by the IYDU.
Politics[edit]
Political views[edit]
Brown identifies himself as a "pragmatic conservative"[6] and since becoming leader he has tried to move the Ontario PC Party in a socially liberal and fiscally conservative direction.[7] At his first Ontario PC Convention as the new leader, Brown confirmed his belief in man-made climate change and announced his support for a revenue-neutral price on carbon.[8] Brown was also the first Ontario PC Leader to march in the Toronto Pride Parade.[9] Among his political mentors, Brown lists former Ontario Premier Bill Davis and former Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney.[10]
Much of Brown's time at Queen's Park has been spent criticizing and debating the government's energy policies. He has promised to dismantle the Green Energy Act, rein in executive salaries at Hydro One, and place a moratorium on the signing of new energy contracts.[11][12][13]
Patrick Brown's first Private Member's Bill in the Ontario Legislature, Bill 151 the Estate Administration Tax Abolition Act, was an attempt to eliminate Ontario's estate administration, or probate tax.[14] His bill was voted down at Second Reading by the Liberal Government's majority.
Brown has been noted for his close relationship with many of Ontario's diverse ethnic communities.[15] He has spoken in the Legislature in support of a motion condemning Islamophobia,[16][17] and was one of the first Canadian politicians to refer to the Tamil Genocide.[18] Brown has a personal relationship with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who refers to him as "Patrick Bhai" meaning brother and named him an honorary citizen of Gujarat.[19][20]
His critics have called him "policy-lite" since he made no policy statements during the Progressive Conservative leadership campaign.[21] Since winning the leadership race, he has focused his plan on four main issues which he suggests will lead to a more prosperous province: less red tape, improved transportation corridors, affordable energy, and addressing Ontario's growing skills gap.[22]
Brown's shift of the party to the political centre stands in contrast to his time as an MP where Brown had a socially conservative voting record.[23][24][25] As an MP, Brown voted to re-open the same-sex marriage and abortion debates, as well as voted against legalizing euthanasia and including gender expression in the Human Rights Act. He said those votes were to represent his constituents.[26][27] Brown said that he doesn't intend to revisit any of these issues in the provincial Legislature.[28][29]
Municipal politics[edit]
Brown was elected to the Barrie City Council in 2000 at age 22, and was re-elected in 2003.[5]
Brown served on various Committees, including the Budget Committee. Brown's primary focus while on council was health care, despite it being a provincial responsibility. In response to a shortage of doctors, Brown founded the Physician Recruitment Task Force with the Royal Victoria Hospital to help attract more doctors to Barrie.[30]
Federal politics[edit]
In the 2004 federal election, Brown ran as the Conservative Party candidate in the riding of Barrie. He lost to incumbent Aileen Carroll by 1,295 votes.[31] Brown ran again in 2006, this time defeating Carroll by 1,523 votes.[32] He was re-elected in the 2008 election by 15,295 votes over Liberal candidate Rick Jones.[33]
In November 2010, the Canadian Taxpayers Federation expressed concern about how Patrick Brown used his Canadian House of Commons account. He sent flyers to his riding which included a letter of support and a flyer from Barrie City Councillor Michael Prowse. Brown used his House of Commons account to pay for the mailing because Michael Prowse could not afford to send the flyer out himself.[34]
In the 2011 election, Brown was elected to his third term in office.[35]
On September 28, 2014, he announced his intention to run in the 2015 Ontario party leadership election. He registered as a leadership candidate on November 20, 2014. He said that, unlike the other candidates, he was not involved in the four consecutive losses that have kept the Ontario PCs out of power since 2003.[36] At the time of his jump to provincial politics, he chaired the Conservative Party of Canada's Greater Toronto Area caucus and the Canada-India Parliamentary Association.[5]
Provincial politics[edit]
See also: Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario leadership election, 2015
In September 2014, Brown announced his intention to run in the contest to replace PC Party Leader, Tim Hudak. From the outset of his campaign, Brown positioned himself as an outsider, challenging the leadership of the PC Party, which had been defeated in the last four provincial elections. In the most recent election campaign, in 2014, the party election platform included a commitment to cut 100,000 public service jobs over 4 years through attrition.[37] As the only one of the original five leadership candidates who was not a member of the Ontario legislature, Brown was not involved in the promise, which he considered ill-advised,[36][38] [39] Brown's rivals attempted to use this same lack of previous involvement in provincial politics as an argument against his leadership bid.[40][41]
In March, Brown emerged as the front-runner in the leadership election, having sold over 40,000 of the 70,000 memberships in the party.[42][43][44][45] During the campaign, Brown was successful in bringing many new members to the party, many of whom came from ethnic communities.[46] The past four leadership contests had been won by those who sold the most memberships.[47]
Brown was endorsed by the Campaign Life Coalition and the Ontario Landowners Association.[48][49] During Brown's leadership bid both special interest groups actively supported him by selling Ontario PC Party memberships amongst their members.[50][51]
Brown was criticized by his main rival, Christine Elliott, for not resigning his federal seat during the leadership campaign.[52] Brown was absent from the House of Commons for some votes during the leadership campaign, attending 56% of the votes from September to December in 2014. However, his overall attendance for votes in 2014 was 83%. [53] A spokesperson for Prime Minister Stephen Harper confirmed that members are not expected to step down but are expected to "continue to fulfill their parliamentary responsibilities, including membership on committees and attendance at votes."[54]
The campaign started with five candidates including Vic Fedeli, Lisa MacLeod, and Monte McNaughton. All three withdrew in early 2015 citing membership recruitment or financial reasons. On May 9, 2015, Brown was elected leader, defeating his only remaining opponent, Christine Elliott, winning with 61.8% of the membership vote.[55][56]
Brown, who resigned his seat in the House of Commons on May 13, 2015, days after winning the provincial leadership, led the Progressive Conservative party from outside the legislature during most of the summer.[57] On July 22, 2015, Garfield Dunlop agreed to step down as MPP for Simcoe North on August 1 in order to open up a seat for Brown. A provincial by-election, called for September 3, 2015, was won by Brown.[58][59][60]
Under his leadership, the Ontario PC Party has won five by-elections, including two seats which had been previously held by the governing Liberals - Sault Ste. Marie and Scarborough-Rouge River.[61]
Electoral record[edit]
[hide]
v
t
e
Ontario provincial by-election, September 3, 2015: Simcoe North
Resignation of Garfield Dunlop
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Expenditures
Progressive Conservative Patrick Brown 21,095 53.68 +9.74 $117,157.00
Liberal Fred Larsen 9,281 23.62 –8.90 $94,892.00
New Democratic Elizabeth Van Houtte 6,637 16.89 +1.34 $54,795.23
Green Valerie Powell 1,791 4.56 –3.43 $183.33
New Reform James Gault 200 0.51 – –
People's Political Party Kevin Clarke 146 0.37 – –
Libertarian Darren Roskam 104 0.26 – –
Pauper John Turmel 47 0.12 – –
Total valid votes 39,301 100.0
Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots 170 0.43
Turnout 39,471 40.71
Eligible voters 96,950
Progressive Conservative hold Swing +9.32
Source(s) [show]
Elections Ontario (2015). "Official Returns from the Records, 086 Simcoe North" (PDF). Retrieved 17 November 2015.
[hide]Canadian federal election, 2011
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Expenditures
Conservative Patrick Brown 32,121 56.69 +4.32 $94,892.28
New Democratic Myrna Clark 11,846 20.91 +8.90 $15,554.25
Liberal Colin Wilson 9,111 16.08 -7.80 $66,558.48
Green Erich Jacoby-Hawkins 3,271 5.77 -5.33 $31,306.84
Libertarian Darren Roskam 150 0.26 -0.23 –
Marxist–Leninist Christine Nugent 82 0.14 -0.02 –
Canadian Action Jeff Sakula 77 0.14 –
Total valid votes/Expense limit 56,651 100.00 – $96,630.18
Total rejected ballots 174 0.31 –
Turnout 56,825 60.70 – –
Conservative hold Swing -2.29
Source(s) [show]
"Elections Canada Candidate Campaign Returns". Elections Canada Candidate Campaign Returns. Elections Canada.
[hide]Canadian federal election, 2008
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Expenditures
Conservative Patrick Brown 27,927 52.37 +10.5 $91,512
Liberal Rick Jones 12,732 23.88 -15.3 $80,023
New Democratic Myrna Clark 6,403 12.01 -0.2 $16,038
Green Erich Jacoby-Hawkins 5,921 11.10 +4.3 $58,204
Libertarian Paolo Fabrizio 260 0.49 N/A $171
Marxist–Leninist Christine Anne Nugent 84 0.16 N/A $0
Total valid votes/Expense limit 53,327 100 $92,671
[hide]Canadian federal election, 2006
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±%
Expenditures
Conservative Patrick Brown 23,999 41.88 +1.8 $81,530
Liberal Aileen Carroll 22,476 39.18 -3.5 $69,313
New Democratic Peter Bursztyn 6,984 12.18 +1.5 $14,496
Green Erich Jacoby-Hawkins 3,874 6.76 +0.2 $19,036
[hide]Canadian federal election, 2004
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Liberal Aileen Carroll 21,233 42.7
Conservative Patrick Brown 19,938 40.1
New Democratic Peter Bursztyn 5,312 10.7
Green Erich Jacoby-Hawkins 3,288 6.6
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Meet Patrick Brown". www.ontariopc.com. Retrieved 2017-10-10.
Jump up ^ https://www.thestar.com/news/insight/2015/05/03/would-be-ontario-pc-leader-patrick-brown-driven-to-win.html
Jump up ^ http://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/tascona-joseph-n-bahons-mba-llb-barrie-simcoe-bradford
Jump up ^ "Patrick Brown elected leader of Ontario PC party". CTVNews. Retrieved 2016-10-07.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Patrick Brown was once an obscure MP. But he has risen from the ranks in his bid for the Ontario PC leadership". Ottawa Citizen. May 9, 2015. Retrieved September 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Patrick Brown in conversation: The new Tory leader discusses his 'pragmatic' conservative vision". National Post. 2015-05-11. Retrieved 2017-10-10.
Jump up ^ Benzie, Robert; Ferguson, Rob (2016-09-22). "Patrick Brown admits courting social conservatives was a 'mistake'". The Toronto Star. ISSN 0319-0781. Retrieved 2017-10-10.
Jump up ^ "Patrick Brown says he supports putting a price on carbon". CBC.ca. The Canadian Press.
Jump up ^ Taber, Jane. "Why Ontario PC Leader Patrick Brown embraced Pride". The Globe and Mail. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
Jump up ^ Benzie, Robert (2017-10-07). "Meet the Harper veterans who could help Patrick Brown become the next premier". The Toronto Star. ISSN 0319-0781. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
Jump up ^ "PC leader vows to cut hydro big-wigs' salaries". Toronto Sun. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
Jump up ^ "PC leader vows to cut hydro big-wigs' salaries". Toronto Sun. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
Jump up ^ "Brown vows to fight Liberal energy deals". TBNewsWatch.com. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
Jump up ^ Artuso, Antonella. "PC leader moves to kill death tax in Ontario". Toronto Sun. Toronto Sun. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Visible minorities helped propel Patrick Brown to PC leadership". Toronto Sun. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
Jump up ^ Ferguson, Rob (2017-02-21). "Patrick Brown says Ontario PCs will support anti-Islamophobia motion". The Toronto Star. ISSN 0319-0781. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
Jump up ^ "Ontario legislature unanimously passes anti-Islamophobia motion". CBC News. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
Jump up ^ "Maxime Bernier backed by Tamils, Sikhs that were instrumental in Patrick Brown's leadership win - The Hill Times". The Hill Times. 2017-03-01. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
Jump up ^ "Patrick Brown's friendship with Modi could reap rewards at the ballot box". The Globe and Mail. 2015-04-14. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
Jump up ^ "Meet Patrick Brown". www.ontariopc.com. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
Jump up ^ Taber, Jane (May 10, 2015). "New Ontario PC leader Patrick Brown focused on uniting party". The Globe and Mail.
Jump up ^ "Patrick Brown - Canadian Club of Toronto". Canadian Club of Toronto. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
Jump up ^ Hébert, Chantal (May 11, 2015). "Is Patrick Brown as socially conservative as he appears". Toronto Star.
Jump up ^ "Ontario PCs failing in sex-ed debate", Toronto Star, Feb 25 2015.
Jump up ^ Fisher, Robert (2015-05-09). "Patrick Brown must reach out beyond PC Party faithful to challenge Liberals". CBC News. Retrieved 2015-05-11.
Jump up ^ http://www.campaignlifecoalition.com/index.php?p=Federal_Voting_Records&id=48
Jump up ^ https://www.thestar.com/opinion/commentary/2016/03/21/will-the-real-patrick-brown-please-stand-up.html
Jump up ^ Benzie, Robert. "Patrick Brown pulls Ontario Tories towards political centre". The Star. Toronto Star. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
Jump up ^ Matys, Frank (April 21, 2015). "Patrick Brown: From long shot to front runner". Barrie Advance.
Jump up ^ Watt, Laurie (Feb 12, 2006). "MP Brown off to Ottawa 'to make Barrie better'". Huntsville Forester.
Jump up ^ "Election results...riding by riding". The Globe and Mail. June 29, 2004. p. A14. Missing or empty |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "Election results...riding by riding". The Globe and Mail. January 24, 2006. p. A16. Missing or empty |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "Ontario Results". The Toronto Star. October 15, 2008. p. U2. Missing or empty |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Raj, Althia (2010-11-14). "Call for review of MPs' mailing privileges". Toronto Sun. Retrieved 2010-12-03.
Jump up ^ Bowe, Raymond (May 3, 2011). "Brown wins third term". Barrie Examiner. Retrieved 2015-03-25.
^ Jump up to: a b "Tory MP Patrick Brown joins Ontario PC leadership race". 2014-09-28. Retrieved 2015-03-25.
Jump up ^ Dan Ovsey (27 May 2014). "Public Sector Stigma". The Financial Post.
Jump up ^ Morrow, Adrian (September 28, 2014). "Brown launches bid for Ontario PC leadership, promises 'fresh start'". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved March 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ Benzie, Robert; Ferguson, Rob; Brennan, Richard J. (May 9, 2015). "Patrick Brown wins Ontario PC leadership". Toronto Star. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ Benzie, Robert (February 11, 2015). "Sparks fly at PC Debate over Patrick Brown's lack of a seat". Toronto Star. Retrieved March 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ McInroy, Ian (September 28, 2014). "Brown seeking Ontario PC leadership". Barrie Examiner. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ Benzie, Robert; Ferguson, Rob (March 1, 2015). "Patrick Brown sells more than 40,000 Ontario PC memberships". Toronto Star. Retrieved April 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ Chase, Sean (2015-03-29). "Patrick Brown promises to reset PC party". Daily Observer. Retrieved 2015-04-27.
Jump up ^ Maloney, Ryan (April 14, 2015). "Patrick Brown Leads Christine Elliott In Ontario PC leadership race, poll suggests". The Huffington Post Canada. Retrieved April 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ Matys, Frank (April 21, 2015). "Patrick Brown: From long shot to front runner". Barrie Advance. Retrieved April 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Visible minorities helped propel Patrick Brown to PC leadership". Toronto Sun. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
Jump up ^ Benzie, Robert; Ferguson, Rob (March 1, 2015). "Patrick Brown sells more than 40,000 Ontario PC memberships". Toronto Star. Retrieved March 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Patrick Brown wins Ontario PC leadership". Toronto Star. May 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Ontario PCs pick a pro-lifer to lead their rebirth". Toronto Star. May 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Ontario Progressive Conservatives to crown new leader". Innisfil Examiner. May 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Ontario PC Leadership Endorsement by CLC". Campaign Life Coalition. January 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Christine Elliott says she didn't know specifics of job cut plan". February 12, 2015. Retrieved March 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ Fekete, Jason (January 16, 2015). "Ontario PC leadership contender Patrick Brown has spotty voting attendance in Commons". Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved March 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ O'Malley, Kady (January 22, 2015). "Patrick Brown does double duty as MP and Ontario PC leadership contender". CBC News. Retrieved March 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ Elliot, Josh (May 9, 2015). "Patrick Brown elected leader of Ontario PC party". CTVNews.ca. Retrieved May 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Patrick Brown wins Ontario PC leadership race". CBC News. 2015-05-10. Retrieved 2015-05-10.
Jump up ^ "Barrie MP Patrick Brown resigns seat as he shifts to lead provincial PCs". Ottawa Citizen. May 13, 2015. Retrieved May 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Ontario PC leader Patrick Brown seeking seat in Simcoe North riding". Globe and Mail. July 22, 2015. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ "PC Leader Patrick Brown projected to win in Simcoe North byelection". CBC News. September 3, 2015. Retrieved September 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Wynne changes course, gives PC leader chance to run in early byelection". Toronto Star. Retrieved August 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ "PCs steal Sault seat from Liberals". Toronto Sun. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
Jump up ^ "Elections Canada Candidate Campaign Returns". Elections Canada Candidate Campaign Returns. Elections Canada.
External links[edit]
Ontario Legislative Assembly parliamentary history
Patrick Brown – Parliament of Canada biography
Speeches, votes and activity at OpenParliament.ca
Party political offices
Preceded by
Tasha Kheiriddin President
Progressive Conservative Youth Federation
1998 – 2002 Succeeded by
Keith Marlowe
[show]
v
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Leaders of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario and its antecedents
Liberal-Conservative (1867–73)
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Interim leaders are in parentheses.
[show]
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41st Legislative Assembly of Ontario
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† MacLaren sits as an independent member since the Trillium party does not have official party status.
Vacancies: 3
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patrick_Brown_(politician)&oldid=815296017"
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Fishin' in the Dark
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Fishin' in the Dark"
Single by The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band
from the album Hold On
B-side
"Keepin' the Road Hot"
Released
June 1987
Genre
Country, country blues
Length
3:19
Label
Warner Bros. Nashville
Songwriter(s)
Wendy Waldman and Jim Photoglo
Producer(s)
Josh Leo
The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band singles chronology
"Baby's Got a Hold on Me"
(1987) "Fishin' in the Dark"
(1987) "Oh What a Love"
(1987)
"Baby's Got a Hold on Me"
(1987) "Fishin' in the Dark"
(1987) "Oh What a Love"
(1987)
"Fishin' in the Dark" is a song written by Wendy Waldman and Jim Photoglo and recorded by American country music group The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. It was released in June 1987 as the second single from their album Hold On.[1] It reached number-one on the U.S. and Canadian country charts. It was the band's third number-one single on the U.S. country music charts and the second in Canada. After it became available for download, it has sold over a million digital copies by 2015.[2] It was certified Platinum by the RIAA on September 12, 2014.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Content
2 Music video
3 Cover versions
4 Charts and certification
4.1 Weekly chart
4.2 Certifications
4.3 Year-End Chart
5 References
6 External links
Content[edit]
The premise of the song is a couple contemplating a late-night fishing expedition. Specifically, the adventurers plan to make their way to an undisclosed river and chart constellations during an evening in which a full moon is present. Furthermore, the tentative date for this excursion is set in the late spring to early summer.
Music video[edit]
The music video was directed by Bill Young and features the band playing in front of a live audience.
Cover versions[edit]
Canadian country band Emerson Drive recorded their version of the song on their 2004 album What If? A live version recorded in Dallas, Texas during 2004 was released as a digital single in 2005.
Garth Brooks recorded his version of the song for his 2005 album The Lost Sessions and again for his 2013 box set Blame It All on My Roots: Five Decades of Influences.
Irish Country singer Nathan Carter released his version of the song on his 2011 album Time Of My Life.
The Ozark Mountain Daredevils cover the song on a rare Album (CD) named Heart of the Country released in 1987
The Swon Brothers covered it during season 4 of The Voice and subsequently a studio version was released.
Red Marlow performed a duet of the song with Ryan Scripps for The Battles on Season 13 of The Voice.
Charts and certification[edit]
Weekly chart[edit]
Chart (1987)
Peak
position
U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs[4] 1
Canadian RPM Country Tracks 1
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
United States (RIAA)[5]
Platinum 1,129,000[6]
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
Year-End Chart[edit]
Chart (1987)
Position
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard) 4
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Music.Yahoo.com
Jump up ^ Matt Bjorke (February 19, 2015). "Country Music's Top 30 Digital Singles: Week of February 19, 2015". Roughstock. Sales figures given here
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band – Fishin&27 in the Dark". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). The Billboard Book Of Top 40 Country Hits: 1944-2006, Second edition. Record Research. p. 249.
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – Nitty Gritty Dirt Band – Fishin&27 in the Dark". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved March 21, 2015. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
Jump up ^ Bjorke, Matt (April 4, 2016). "The Top 30 Digital Country Singles: April 4, 2016". Roughstock.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Preceded by
"The Way We Make a Broken Heart"
by Rosanne Cash Billboard Hot Country Singles
number-one single
October 17, 1987 Succeeded by
"Shine, Shine, Shine"
by Eddy Raven
RPM Country Tracks
number-one single
October 17, 1987 Succeeded by
"Little Ways"
by Dwight Yoakam
[hide]
v
t
e
Nitty Gritty Dirt Band
Bob Carpenter
Jimmie Fadden
Jeff Hanna
John McEuen
Studio albums
The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band
Ricochet
Rare Junk
Uncle Charlie & His Dog Teddy
All the Good Times
Stars & Stripes Forever
Symphonion Dream
The Dirt Band
An American Dream
Make a Little Magic
Jealousy
Let's Go
Plain Dirt Fashion
Partners, Brothers and Friends
Hold On
Workin' Band
The Rest of the Dream
Not Fade Away
Acoustic
The Christmas Album
Bang, Bang, Bang
Welcome to Woody Creek
Speed of Life
Collaboration albums
Will the Circle Be Unbroken
Will the Circle Be Unbroken: Volume Two
Will the Circle Be Unbroken: Volume III
Live albums
Alive
Live Two Five
Compilation albums
Dirt, Silver and Gold
Twenty Years of Dirt
More Great Dirt
Notable singles
"Mr. Bojangles"
"House at Pooh Corner"
"I Saw the Light"
"Jambalaya (On the Bayou)"
"The Battle of New Orleans"
"All I Have to Do Is Dream"
"An American Dream"
"Dance Little Jean"
"Long Hard Road (The Sharecropper's Dream)"
"I Love Only You"
"High Horse"
"Modern Day Romance"
"Home Again in My Heart"
"Partners, Brothers and Friends"
"Fire in the Sky"
"Baby's Got a Hold on Me"
"Fishin' in the Dark"
"Oh What a Love"
"Workin' Man (Nowhere to Go)"
"I've Been Lookin'"
"Down That Road Tonight"
"Turn of the Century"
"And So It Goes" (with John Denver)
"When It's Gone"
"I Fought the Law"
Related articles
Discography
Capitol Records
Warner Bros. Records
Universal Records
MCA Records
Jimmy Ibbotson
Bernie Leadon
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fishin%27_in_the_Dark&oldid=806825804"
Categories:
1987 singles
Billboard Hot Country Songs number-one singles
1987 songs
Garth Brooks songs
Emerson Drive songs
Nitty Gritty Dirt Band songs
RPM Country Tracks number-one singles
Song recordings produced by Josh Leo
Warner Bros. Records singles
Songs written by Wendy Waldman
Songs written by Jim Photoglo
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Three Rings
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Three Rings (disambiguation).
This article describes a work or element of fiction in a primarily in-universe style. Please help rewrite it to explain the fiction more clearly and provide non-fictional perspective. (January 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Middle-earth portal
In Tolkien's mythology, the Three Rings are magical artifacts forged by the Elves of Eregion. After the One Ring, they are the most powerful of the twenty Rings of Power.[1]
The Three Rings were made by Celebrimbor after Sauron, in the guise of Annatar, had left Eregion. These were free of Sauron's influence, as he did not have a hand in their making. However, they were still forged by Celebrimbor with the arts taught to him by Sauron and thus were still bound to the One Ring. Upon perceiving Sauron's intent, the Elves hid the three from him. They were carried out of Middle-earth at the end of the Third Age, after the destruction of the One Ring.
Contents
[hide]
1 Narya
2 Nenya
3 Vilya
4 Notes
5 References
Narya[edit]
The first ring, Narya, was adorned with a red gemstone, perhaps a ruby. It is seen in the final chapter of The Lord of the Rings, along with the other two Elven rings. But unlike them, it is not said what metal Narya was made of.
The name is derived from the Quenya nár meaning fire. It was also called Narya the Great, Ring of Fire, Red Ring, and The Kindler.
According to Unfinished Tales, at the start of the War of the Elves and Sauron, Celebrimbor gave Narya together with the Ring Vilya to Gil-galad, High King of the Noldor. Gil-galad entrusted Narya to his lieutenant Círdan, Lord of the Havens of Mithlond, who kept it after Gil-galad's death. According to The Lord of the Rings, Gil-galad received only Vilya, while Círdan received Narya from the very beginning along with Galadriel receiving Nenya from the start.
In the Third Age, Círdan, recognizing Gandalf's true nature as one of the Maiar from Valinor, gave him the ring to aid him in his labours. It is described as having the power to inspire others to resist tyranny, domination, and despair (in other words, evoking hope in others around the wielder), as well as giving resistance to the weariness of time.
Nenya[edit]
The second ring, Nenya, was made of mithril and adorned with a "white stone", presumably a diamond.[2] The name is derived from the Quenya nén meaning water. It is also called Ring of Adamant, Ring of Water and the White Ring.
The ring was wielded by Galadriel of Lothlórien, and possessed a radiance that matched that of the stars; while Frodo Baggins could see it by virtue of being a Ring-bearer, Samwise Gamgee tells Galadriel he only "saw a star through your fingers". (This appears in many editions as "finger"—which sounds more magical, since it suggests that her finger has somehow become transparent—but The Treason of Isengard, ch. 13, note 34, mentions it as an error.)
Nenya's power gave preservation, protection, and possibly concealment from evil because "there is a secret power here that holds evil from the land". However, the fact that Orcs from Moria entered Lórien after The Fellowship of the Ring and Lórien itself had suffered previous attacks from Sauron's Orcs sent from Dol Guldur suggests the power of the ring did not constitute military prowess. It was said that, protected as it was by Nenya, Lothlórien would not have fallen unless Sauron had personally come to attack it. Galadriel used these powers to create and sustain Lothlórien, but it also increased in her the longing for the Sea and her desire to return to the Undying Lands.
With the ring gone, the magic and beauty of Lórien also faded along with the extraordinary mallorn trees (save the one that Samwise Gamgee grew in Hobbiton) and it was gradually depopulated, until by the time Arwen came there to die in F.A. 121 it was deserted and in ruin.
Vilya[edit]
The third ring, Vilya, was made of gold and adorned with a "great blue stone", probably a sapphire. The name is derived from the Quenya vilya meaning air. It is also called, Ring of Air, Ring of Firmament, or Blue Ring.
It is generally considered that Vilya was the mightiest of these three bands (as mentioned in the ending chapter in The Return of the King). The exact power of Vilya is not mentioned. However, it is reasonable to speculate that it also possesses the power to heal and to preserve (it is mentioned in The Silmarillion that Celebrimbor had forged the Three in order to heal and to preserve, rather than to enhance the strengths of each individual bearer as the Seven, Nine, and the lesser rings did). Its power of healing may be particularly strong, as Elrond seems to be the greatest healer in Middle-Earth at the time of the Quest.[3] There is some speculation that the ring controlled minor elements, considering the event where Elrond had summoned a torrent of water as the Nazgûl attempted to capture Frodo and the One Ring.
When Sauron laid waste to Eregion, Vilya was sent to the Elven-king Gil-galad far away in Lindon, where it was later given to Elrond, who bore it through the later years of the Second Age and all of the Third. As Gil-galad was the High King of the Noldor elves at the time of the rings' distribution it was thought that he was best fit to care for the most powerful of the three Elven rings.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ The Silmarillion, "Now these were the Three that had last been made, and they possessed the greatest powers."
Jump up ^ This is never stated explicitly, although the usage of the word "adamant", an old synonym, is strongly suggestive.
Jump up ^ Tolkien, J.R.R., The Lord of the Rings, HarperCollins 1994, p. 845
References[edit]
Tolkien, J. R. R. (1977), Christopher Tolkien, ed., The Silmarillion, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age, ISBN 0-395-25730-1
[hide]
v
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Client–server model
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A computer network diagram of clients communicating with a server via the Internet.
The client–server model is a distributed application structure that partitions tasks or workloads between the providers of a resource or service, called servers, and service requesters, called clients.[1] Often clients and servers communicate over a computer network on separate hardware, but both client and server may reside in the same system. A server host runs one or more server programs which share their resources with clients. A client does not share any of its resources, but requests a server's content or service function. Clients therefore initiate communication sessions with servers which await incoming requests. Examples of computer applications that use the client–server model are Email, network printing, and the World Wide Web.
Contents
[hide]
1 Client and server role
2 Client and server communication
3 Example
4 Early history
4.1 Client-host and server-host
5 Centralized computing
6 Comparison with peer-to-peer architecture
7 See also
8 Notes
Client and server role[edit]
The client-server characteristic describes the relationship of cooperating programs in an application. The server component provides a function or service to one or many clients, which initiate requests for such services. Servers are classified by the services they provide. For example, a web server serves web pages and a file server serves computer files. A shared resource may be any of the server computer's software and electronic components, from programs and data to processors and storage devices. The sharing of resources of a server constitutes a service.
Whether a computer is a client, a server, or both, is determined by the nature of the application that requires the service functions. For example, a single computer can run web server and file server software at the same time to serve different data to clients making different kinds of requests. Client software can also communicate with server software within the same computer.[2] Communication between servers, such as to synchronize data, is sometimes called inter-server or server-to-server communication.
Client and server communication[edit]
In general, a service is an abstraction of computer resources and a client does not have to be concerned with how the server performs while fulfilling the request and delivering the response. The client only has to understand the response based on the well-known application protocol, i.e. the content and the formatting of the data for the requested service.
Clients and servers exchange messages in a request–response messaging pattern. The client sends a request, and the server returns a response. This exchange of messages is an example of inter-process communication. To communicate, the computers must have a common language, and they must follow rules so that both the client and the server know what to expect. The language and rules of communication are defined in a communications protocol. All client-server protocols operate in the application layer. The application layer protocol defines the basic patterns of the dialogue. To formalize the data exchange even further, the server may implement an application programming interface (API).[3] The API is an abstraction layer for accessing a service. By restricting communication to a specific content format, it facilitates parsing. By abstracting access, it facilitates cross-platform data exchange.[4]
A server may receive requests from many distinct clients in a short period of time. A computer can only perform a limited number of tasks at any moment, and relies on a scheduling system to prioritize incoming requests from clients to accommodate them. To prevent abuse and maximize availability, server software may limit the availability to clients. Denial of service attacks are designed to exploit a server's obligation to process requests by overloading it with excessive request rates.
Example[edit]
When a bank customer accesses online banking services with a web browser (the client), the client initiates a request to the bank's web server. The customer's login credentials may be stored in a database, and the web server accesses the database server as a client. An application server interprets the returned data by applying the bank's business logic, and provides the output to the web server. Finally, the web server returns the result to the client web browser for display.
In each step of this sequence of client–server message exchanges, a computer processes a request and returns data. This is the request-response messaging pattern. When all the requests are met, the sequence is complete and the web browser presents the data to the customer.
This example illustrates a design pattern applicable to the client–server model: separation of concerns.
Early history[edit]
An early form of client–server architecture is remote job entry, dating at least to OS/360 (announced 1964), where the request was to run a job, and the response was the output.
While formulating the client–server model in the 1960s and 1970s, computer scientists building ARPANET (at the Stanford Research Institute) used the terms server-host (or serving host) and user-host (or using-host), and these appear in the early documents RFC 5[5] and RFC 4.[6] This usage was continued at Xerox PARC in the mid-1970s.
One context in which researchers used these terms was in the design of a computer network programming language called Decode-Encode Language (DEL).[5] The purpose of this language was to accept commands from one computer (the user-host), which would return status reports to the user as it encoded the commands in network packets. Another DEL-capable computer, the server-host, received the packets, decoded them, and returned formatted data to the user-host. A DEL program on the user-host received the results to present to the user. This is a client–server transaction. Development of DEL was just beginning in 1969, the year that the United States Department of Defense established ARPANET (predecessor of Internet).
Client-host and server-host[edit]
Client-host and server-host have subtly different meanings than client and server. A host is any computer connected to a network. Whereas the words server and client may refer either to a computer or to a computer program, server-host and user-host always refer to computers. The host is a versatile, multifunction computer; clients and servers are just programs that run on a host. In the client–server model, a server is more likely to be devoted to the task of serving.
An early use of the word client occurs in "Separating Data from Function in a Distributed File System", a 1978 paper by Xerox PARC computer scientists Howard Sturgis, James Mitchell, and Jay Israel. The authors are careful to define the term for readers, and explain that they use it to distinguish between the user and the user's network node (the client).[7] (By 1992, the word server had entered into general parlance.)[8][9]
Centralized computing[edit]
Further information: History of personal computers, Decentralized computing, and Computer cluster
The client–server model does not dictate that server-hosts must have more resources than client-hosts. Rather, it enables any general-purpose computer to extend its capabilities by using the shared resources of other hosts. Centralized computing, however, specifically allocates a large amount of resources to a small number of computers. The more computation is offloaded from client-hosts to the central computers, the simpler the client-hosts can be.[10] It relies heavily on network resources (servers and infrastructure) for computation and storage. A diskless node loads even its operating system from the network, and a computer terminal has no operating system at all; it is only an input/output interface to the server. In contrast, a fat client, such as a personal computer, has many resources, and does not rely on a server for essential functions.
As microcomputers decreased in price and increased in power from the 1980s to the late 1990s, many organizations transitioned computation from centralized servers, such as mainframes and minicomputers, to fat clients.[11] This afforded greater, more individualized dominion over computer resources, but complicated information technology management.[10][12][13] During the 2000s, web applications matured enough to rival application software developed for a specific microarchitecture. This maturation, more affordable mass storage, and the advent of service-oriented architecture were among the factors that gave rise to the cloud computing trend of the 2010s.[14]
Comparison with peer-to-peer architecture[edit]
In addition to the client–server model, distributed computing applications often use the peer-to-peer (P2P) application architecture.
In the client–server model, the server is often designed to operate as a centralized system that serves many clients. The computing power, memory and storage requirements of a server must be scaled appropriately to the expected work-load (i.e., the number of clients connecting simultaneously). Load-balancing and failover systems are often employed to scale the server implementation.[citation needed]
In a peer-to-peer network, two or more computers (peers) pool their resources and communicate in a decentralized system. Peers are coequal, or equipotent nodes in a non-hierarchical network. Unlike clients in a client–server or client–queue–client network, peers communicate with each other directly.[15] In peer-to-peer networking, an algorithm in the peer-to-peer communications protocol balances load, and even peers with modest resources can help to share the load.[15] If a node becomes unavailable, its shared resources remain available as long as other peers offer it. Ideally, a peer does not need to achieve high availability because other, redundant peers make up for any resource downtime; as the availability and load capacity of peers change, the protocol reroutes requests.
Both client-server and master-slave are regarded as sub-categories of distributed peer-to-peer systems.[16]
See also[edit]
Front and back ends
Modular programming
Observer pattern
Publish–subscribe pattern
Pull technology
Push technology
Remote procedure call
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "Distributed Application Architecture" (PDF). Sun Microsystem. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 April 2011. Retrieved 2009-06-16.
Jump up ^ The X Window System is one example.
Jump up ^ Benatallah, B.; Casati, F.; Toumani, F. (2004). "Web service conversation modeling: A cornerstone for e-business automation". IEEE Internet Computing. 8: 46. doi:10.1109/MIC.2004.1260703.
Jump up ^ Dustdar, S.; Schreiner, W. (2005). "A survey on web services composition" (PDF). International Journal of Web and Grid Services. 1: 1. doi:10.1504/IJWGS.2005.007545.
^ Jump up to: a b Rulifson, Jeff (June 1969). DEL. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC0005. RFC 5. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
Jump up ^ Shapiro, Elmer B. (March 1969). Network Timetable. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC0004. RFC 4. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
Jump up ^ Sturgis, Howard E.; Mitchell, James George; Israel, Jay E. (1978). "Separating Data from Function in a Distributed File System". Xerox PARC.
Jump up ^ Harper, Douglas. "server". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
Jump up ^ "Separating data from function in a distributed file system". GetInfo. German National Library of Science and Technology. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Nieh, Jason; Novik, Naomi; Yang, S. Jae. [Deccmu.edu/~dga/papers/tolia06-ieee.pdf "A Comparison of Thin-Client Computing Architectures"] Check |url= value (help) (PDF). Technical Report CUCS-022-00. New York: Network Computing Laboratory, Columbia University.
Jump up ^ d'Amore, M. J.; Oberst, D. J. (1983). "Microcomputers and mainframes". Proceedings of the 11th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services - SIGUCCS '83. p. 7. doi:10.1145/800041.801417. ISBN 0897911164.
Jump up ^ Tolia, Niraj; Andersen, David G.; Satyanarayanan, M. (March 2006). "Quantifying Interactive User Experience on Thin Clients" (PDF). Computer. IEEE Computer Society. 39 (3).
Jump up ^ Otey, Michael (22 March 2011). "Is the Cloud Really Just the Return of Mainframe Computing?". SQL Server Pro. Penton Media. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
Jump up ^ Barros, A. P.; Dumas, M. (2006). "The Rise of Web Service Ecosystems". IT Professional. 8 (5): 31. doi:10.1109/MITP.2006.123.
^ Jump up to: a b Yongsheng, H.; Xiaoyu, T.; Zhongbin, T. (2013). "An Optimization Model for the Interconnection among Peers of the P2P Network". Journal of Applied Sciences. 13 (5): 700. doi:10.3923/jas.2013.700.707.
Jump up ^ Varma, Vasudeva (2009). "1: Software Architecture Primer". Software Architecture: A Case Based Approach. Delhi: Pearson Education India. p. 29. ISBN 9788131707494. Retrieved 2017-07-04. Distributed Peer-to-Peer Systems [...] This is a generic style of which popular styles are the client-server and master-slave styles.
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Panning (audio)
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Panning is the distribution of a sound signal (either monaural or stereophonic pairs) into a new stereo or multi-channel sound field determined by a pan control setting. A typical physical recording console has a pan control for each incoming source channel. A pan control or pan pot (short for "panoramic potentiometer") is an analog knob or slider with a position indicator which can range continuously from the 8 o'clock when fully left to the 4 o'clock position fully right. Audio mixing software replaces pan pots with on-screen virtual knobs or sliders which function identically to the physical counterparts.
A pan pot has an internal architecture which determines how much of a source signal is sent to the left and right buses. "Pan pots split audio signals into left and right channels, each equipped with its own discrete gain (volume) control."[1] This signal distribution is often called a taper or law.
When centered (at 12 o'clock), the law can be designed to send −3, −4.5 or −6 decibels (dB) equally to each bus. "Signal passes through both the channels at an equal volume while the pan pot points directly north."[1] If the two output buses are later recombined into a monaural signal, then a pan law of -6 dB is desirable. If the two output buses are to remain stereo then a law of -3 dB is desirable. A law of −4.5 dB at center is a compromise between the two. A pan control fully rotated to one side results in the source being sent at full strength (0 dB) to one bus (either the left or right channel) and zero strength (−∞ dB) to the other. Regardless of the pan setting, the overall sound power level remains (or appears to remain) constant.[2] Because of the phantom center phenomenon, sound panned to the center position is perceived as coming from between the left and right speakers, but not in the center unless listened to with headphones, because of head-related transfer function HRTF.[citation needed]
Panning in audio borrows its name from panning action in moving image technology. An audio pan pot can be used in a mix to create the impression that a source is moving from one side of the soundstage to the other, although ideally there would be timing (including phase and Doppler effects), filtering and reverberation differences present for a more complete picture of apparent movement within a defined space. Simple analog pan controls only change relative level; they don't add reverb to replace direct signal, phase changes, modify the spectrum, or change delay timing. "Tracks thus seem to move in the direction that [one] point[s] the pan pots on a mixer, even though [one] actually attenuate[s] those tracks on the opposite side of the horizontal plane."[3]
Panning can also be used in an audio mixer to reduce or reverse the stereo width of a stereo signal. For instance, the left and right channels of a stereo source can be panned straight up, that is sent equally to both the left output and the right output of the mixer, creating a dual mono signal.[citation needed]
An early panning process was used in the development of Fantasound, an early pioneering stereophonic sound reproduction system for Fantasia (1940).
Contents
[hide]
1 Stereo-switching
2 See also
3 References
4 Further reading
5 External links
Stereo-switching[edit]
Before pan pots were available, "a three-way switch was used to assign the track to the left output, right output, or both (the center)".[4] Ubiquitous in the Billboard charts throughout the middle and late 1960s, clear examples include the Beatles's "Strawberry Fields Forever" and Jimi Hendrix's "Purple Haze".[5] In the Beatles's "A Day In The Life" Lennon's vocals are switched to the extreme right on the first two strophes, on the third strophe they are switched center then extreme left, and switched left on the final strophe while during the bridge McCartney's vocals are switched extreme right.[6][7]
See also[edit]
Pan law
Balance
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Hodgson, Jay (2010). Understanding Records, p.162. ISBN 978-1-4411-5607-5.
Jump up ^ AES Pro Audio Reference. Pan
Jump up ^ Hodgson (2010), p.163.
Jump up ^ Owsinski, Bobby (2006). The Mixing Engineer's Handbook, 2nd Edition, p.20. Cengage. cited in Hodgson (2010), p.161.
Jump up ^ Hodgson (2010), p.161–162.
Jump up ^ Hodgson (2010), p.161.
Jump up ^ "What is Panning". Dawsons. Dawsons Music. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
Further reading[edit]
Rumsey, Francis and McCormick, Tim (2002). Sound and Recording: An Introduction. Focal Press. ISBN 978-0-240-51680-6
External links[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panning_(audio)&oldid=815921794"
Categories:
Stereophonic sound
Audio mixing
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