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Habsburg Monarchy
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Habsburg Monarchy
Habsburgermonarchie
1526–1804
Flag
Imperial Coat of arms
(current Leopold II and Francis II)
Motto
Fiat iustitia, et pereat mundus
"Let justice be done, though the world perish"
Anthem
Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser
"God Save Emperor Francis"
The Habsburg Monarchy in 1789.
Capital Vienna
(1526–1583)
Prague
(1583–1611)
Vienna
(1611–1804)
Languages Official languages:
Latin, Germanb
Other languages:
Hungarian, Czech, Croatian, Romanian, Slovak, Slovene, Dutch, Italian, Polish, Ruthenian, Serbian, French
Religion Official religion:[citation needed]
Roman Catholic
Recognized religions:[citation needed]
Calvinism, Lutheranism, Orthodox Christianity, Judaism, Utraquisma[citation needed]
Government Feudal Monarchy
Monarch
• 1526–1564 Ferdinand I (first)
• 1792–1804 Francis II (last)
State Chancellor
• 1753–1793 Wenzel Anton
Historical era Early modern/Napoleonic
• Battle of Mohács 29 August 1526
• Battle of Vienna 14 July 1683
• War of Succession 1740–1748
• Austro–Turkish War 1787–1791
• Treaty of Sistova 4 August 1791
• Empire proclaimed 11 August 1804
Preceded by Succeeded by
Archduchy of Austria
Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Bohemia
Kingdom of Croatia
Principality of Transylvania
Austrian Empire
Today part of Austria
Belgium
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Croatia
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Hungary
Italy
Liechtenstein
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Poland
Romania
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Switzerland
Ukraine
^a Main religion of the Czech people, in the Kingdom of Bohemia recognized until 1627 when it was forbidden.
^b German replaced Latin as the official language of the Empire in 1784.[1]
The Habsburg Monarchy (German: Habsburgermonarchie) or Empire is an unofficial appellation among historians for the countries and provinces that were ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg between 1521 and 1780 and then by the successor branch of Habsburg-Lorraine until 1918. The Monarchy was a composite state composed of territories within and outside the Holy Roman Empire, united only in the person of the monarch. The dynastic capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611,[2] when it was moved to Prague. From 1804 to 1867 the Habsburg Monarchy was formally unified as the Austrian Empire, and from 1867 to 1918 as the Austro-Hungarian Empire.[3][4]
The head of the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg was often elected Holy Roman Emperor: from 1415 until the Empire's dissolution in 1806, Charles VII of Bavaria (1742–1745) was the only Holy Roman Emperor who was not Habsburg ruler of Austria.[5][6] The two entities were never coterminous, as the Habsburg Monarchy covered many lands beyond the Holy Roman Empire, and most of the Empire was ruled by other dynasties.
This Austrian Habsburg Monarchy must not be confused with the House of Habsburg, existing since the 11th century, whose vast domains were split up in 1521 between this "junior" Austrian branch and the "senior" Spanish branch.
Contents
[hide]
1 Name
2 Origins and expansion
3 Terminology
4 Characteristics
5 Territories
6 Habsburg territories outside the Habsburg Monarchy
7 History
8 Rulers of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1521–1918
8.1 Habsburg
8.2 Habsburg-Lorraine
8.3 Family tree
9 In literature
10 Notes
11 Further reading
12 External links
Name[edit]
The monarchy had no official name. Instead, various names included:
Habsburg Monarchy (Habsburgermonarchie)
Habsburg Empire (Habsburgerreich)
Habsburg/Austrian Hereditary Lands (Habsburgische/Österreichische Erblande)
Austrian Monarchy (Österreichische Monarchie)
Danubian Monarchy (Donaumonarchie)
Origins and expansion[edit]
The Habsburg family originated with the Habsburg Castle in modern Switzerland, and after 1279 came to rule in Austria ("the Habsburg Hereditary Lands"). The Habsburg family grew to European prominence with the marriage and adoption treaty by Emperor Maximilian I at the First Congress of Vienna in 1515, and the subsequent death of adopted Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia in 1526.[2]
Following the death of Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia in the Battle of Mohács against the Turks, his brother-in-law Archduke Ferdinand of Austria was elected the next King of Bohemia and Hungary.[7]
Terminology[edit]
Names of the territory that (with some exceptions) finally became Austria-Hungary:
Habsburg monarchy or Austrian monarchy (1526–1867): This was an unofficial, but very frequent name – even at that time. The entity had no official name.
Austrian Empire (1804–1867): This was the official name. Note that the German version is Kaisertum Österreich, i.e. the English translation empire refers to a territory ruled by an emperor, not just to a "widespreading domain".
Austria-Hungary (1867–1918): This was the official name.[8][9][10] An unofficial popular name was the Danubian Monarchy (German: Donaumonarchie) also often used was the term Doppel-Monarchie ("Double Monarchy") meaning two states under one crowned ruler.
Crownlands or crown lands (Kronländer) (1849–1918): This is the name of all the individual parts of the Austrian Empire (1849-1867), and then of Austria-Hungary from 1867 on. The Kingdom of Hungary (more exactly the Lands of the Hungarian Crown) was not considered a "crownland" after the establishment of Austria-Hungary 1867, so that the "crownlands" became identical with what was called the Kingdoms and Lands represented in the Imperial Council (Die im Reichsrate vertretenen Königreiche und Länder).
The Hungarian parts of the Empire were called "Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen" or "Lands of Holy (St.) Stephen's Crown" (Länder der Heiligen Stephans Krone). The Bohemian (Czech) Lands were called "Lands of the St. Wenceslaus' Crown" (Länder der Wenzels-Krone).
Names of some smaller territories:
Austrian lands (Österreichische Länder) or "Archduchies of Austria" (Erzherzogtümer von Österreich) - Lands up and below the Enns (ober und unter der Enns) (996–1918): This is the historical name of the parts of the Archduchy of Austria that became the present-day Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich) on 12 November 1918 (after Emperor Charles I had abdicated the throne). Modern day Austria is a semi-federal republic of nine states (Bundesländer) that are: Lower Austria, Upper Austria, Tyrol, Styria, Salzburg, Carinthia, Vorarlberg and Burgenland and the Capital of Vienna that is a state of its own. Burgenland came to Austria in 1921 from Hungary. Salzburg finally became Austrian in 1816 after the Napoleonic wars (before it was ruled by prince-archbishops of Salzburg as a sovereign territory).
Vienna, Austria's capital became a state January 1, 1922, after being residence and capital of the Austrian Empire (Reichshaupt und Residenzstadt Wien) for the Habsburg monarchs for centuries. Upper and Lower Austria, historically, were split into "Austria above the Enns" and "Austria below the Enns" (the Enns river is the state-border between Upper- and Lower Austria). Upper Austria was enlarged after the Treaty of Teschen (1779) following the "War of the Bavarian Succession" by the so-called Innviertel ("Inn Quarter"), formerly part of Bavaria.
Hereditary Lands (Erblande or Erbländer; mostly used Österreichische Erblande) or German Hereditary Lands (in the Austrian monarchy) or Austrian Hereditary Lands (Middle Ages – 1849/1918): In a narrower sense these were the "original" Habsburg Austrian territories, i.e. basically the Austrian lands and Carniola (not Galicia, Italian territories or the Austrian Netherlands).
In a wider sense the Lands of the Bohemian Crown were also included in (from 1526; definitely from 1620/27) the Hereditary lands. The term was replaced by the term "Crownlands" (see above) in the 1849 March Constitution, but it was also used afterwards.
The Erblande also included lots of small and smallest territories that were principalities, duchies or counties etc. some of them can namely be found in the reigning titles of the Habsburg monarchs like Graf (Earl/Count of) von Tyrol etc.
Characteristics[edit]
Within the early modern Habsburg Monarchy, each province was governed according to its own particular customs. Until the mid 17th century, not all of the provinces were even necessarily ruled by the same person—junior members of the family often ruled portions of the Hereditary Lands as private apanages. Serious attempts at centralization began under Maria Theresa and especially her son Joseph II in the mid to late 18th century, but many of these were abandoned following large scale resistance to Joseph's more radical reform attempts, although a more cautious policy of centralization continued during the revolutionary period and the Metternichian period that followed.
Another attempt at centralization began in 1849 following the suppression of the various revolutions of 1848. For the first time, ministers tried to transform the monarchy into a centralized bureaucratic state ruled from Vienna. The Kingdom of Hungary, in particular, ceased to exist as a separate entity, being divided into a series of districts. Following the Habsburg defeats in the Wars of 1859 and 1866, this policy of net-absolutist centralization was abandoned.
After experimentation in the early 1860s, the famous Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 was arrived at, by which the so-called Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary was set up. In this system, the Kingdom of Hungary was given sovereignty and a parliament, with only a personal union and a joint foreign and military policy connecting it to the other Habsburg lands. Although the non-Hungarian Habsburg lands, often, but erroneously, referred to as "Austria", received their own central parliament (the Reichsrat, or Imperial Council) and ministries, as their official name – the "Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council" – shows that they remained something less than a genuine unitary state. When Bosnia and Herzegovina was annexed (after a long period of occupation and administration), it was not incorporated into either half of the monarchy. Instead, it was governed by the joint Ministry of Finance.
Austria-Hungary collapsed under the weight of the various unsolved ethnic problems that came to a head with its defeat in World War I. In the peace settlement that followed, significant territories were ceded to Romania and Italy, new republics of Austria (the German-Austrian territories of the Hereditary lands) and Hungary (the Magyar core of the old kingdom) were created, and the remainder of the monarchy's territory was shared out among the new states of Poland, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia), and Czechoslovakia.
Territories[edit]
Growth of the Habsburg Monarchy
The territories ruled by the branch changed over the centuries, but the core always consisted of four blocs:
The Hereditary Lands, which covered most of the modern states of Austria and Slovenia, as well as territories in northeastern Italy and (before 1797) southwestern Germany. To these were added in 1779 the Inn Quarter of Bavaria; and in 1803 the Bishoprics of Trent and Brixen. The Napoleonic Wars caused disruptions where many parts of the Hereditary lands were lost, but all these, along with the former Archbishopric of Salzburg, which had previously been temporarily annexed between 1805 and 1809, were recovered at the peace in 1815, with the exception of the Vorlande. The Hereditary provinces included:
Archduchy of Austria (Upper Austria);
Archduchy of Austria (Lower Austria);
Duchy of Styria;
Duchy of Carinthia;
Duchy of Carniola;
The Adriatic port of Trieste;
Istria (although much of Istria was Venetian territory until 1797);
Gorizia and Gradisca;
These lands (3–8) were often grouped together as Inner Austria.
The County of Tyrol (although the Bishoprics of Trent and Brixen dominated what would become the South Tyrol before 1803);
The Vorarlberg (actually a collection of provinces, only united in the 19th century);
The Vorlande, a group of territories in Breisgau and elsewhere in southwestern Germany lost in 1801 (although the Alsatian territories (Sundgau) which had formed a part of it had been lost as early as 1648);
Vorarlberg and the Vorlande were often grouped together as Further Austria and mostly ruled jointly with Tyrol.
Grand Duchy of Salzburg (only after 1805);
Coronation of Maria Theresa in Pressburg, Kingdom of Hungary, 1741
The Lands of the Bohemian Crown – initially consisting of the five lands: Kingdom of Bohemia, Margraviate of Moravia, Silesia, and Upper and Lower Lusatia. Bohemian Diet (Czech: zemský sněm) elected Ferdinand, later Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I, as king in 1526.
Lusatia was ceded to Saxony in 1635.
Most of Silesia was conquered by Prussia in 1740–1742 and the remnants which stayed under Habsburg sovereignty were ruled as Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia (Austrian Silesia).
The Kingdom of Hungary – two thirds of the former territory that was administered by the medieval Kingdom of Hungary was conquered by the Ottoman Empire and the Princes of vassal Ottoman Transylvania, while the Habsburg administration was restricted to the western and northern territories of the former kingdom, which remained to be officially referred as the Kingdom of Hungary. In 1699, at the end of the Ottoman-Habsburg wars, one part of the territories that were administered by the former medieval Kingdom of Hungary came under Habsburg administration, with some other areas being picked up in 1718 (some of the territories that were part of medieval kingdom, notably those in the south of the Sava and Danube rivers, remained under Ottoman administration).
Kingdom of Croatia
Europa regina, symbolizing a Habsburg-dominated Europe.
Soldiers of the Military Frontier against the incursions of the Ottoman Turks, 1756
Over the course of its history, other lands were, at times, under Austrian Habsburg rule (some of these territories were secundogenitures, i.e. ruled by other lines of Habsburg dynasty):
Serbia occupation (1686–1691);
Kingdom of Slavonia (1699–1868);
Grand Principality of Transylvania, between 1699 (Treaty of Karlowitz) and 1867 (Ausgleich)
Austrian Netherlands, consisting of most of modern Belgium and Luxembourg (1713–1792);
Duchy of Milan (1713–1797);
Kingdom of Naples (1713–1735);
Kingdom of Sardinia (1713–1720);
Kingdom of Serbia (1718–1739);
Banat of Temeswar (1718–1778);
Oltenia (1718–1739, de facto, 1737), as Grand-Voivodate (sometimes designated as Valachia Caesarea);
Kingdom of Sicily (1720–1735);
Duchy of Parma (1735–1748);
Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, in modern Poland and Ukraine (1772–1918)
Duchy of Bukovina (1774–1918);
Serbia occupation (1788–1792);
New Galicia, the Polish lands, including Kraków, taken in the Third Partition (1795–1809);
Venetia (1797–1805);
Kingdom of Dalmatia (1797–1805, 1814–1918);
Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia (1814–1859);
Kraków, which was incorporated into Galicia (1846–1918);
Serbian Vojvodina (1848–1849); de facto entity, officially unrecognized
Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar (1849–1860);
Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia (1868–1918);
Sanjak of Novi Pazar occupation (1878–1913);
Bosnia and Herzegovina (1878–1918).
The boundaries of some of these territories varied over the period indicated, and others were ruled by a subordinate (secundogeniture) Habsburg line. The Habsburgs also held the title of Holy Roman Emperor between 1438 and 1740, and again from 1745 to 1806.
Habsburg territories outside the Habsburg Monarchy[edit]
See also: Spanish Empire
Habsburg territories in 1700. The Habsburg Monarchy is shown in yellow, while the territories of the senior Spanish Habsburgs are shown in red.
The Habsburg monarchy should not be confused with various other territories ruled at different times by members of the Habsburg dynasty. The senior Spanish line of the Habsburgs ruled over Habsburg Spain and various other territories from 1516 until it became extinct in 1700. A junior line ruled over Tuscany between 1765 and 1801, and again from 1814 to 1859. While exiled from Tuscany, this line ruled at Salzburg from 1803 to 1805, and in Würzburg from 1805 to 1814. Another line ruled the Duchy of Modena from 1814 to 1859, while Empress Marie Louise, Napoleon's second wife and the daughter of Austrian Emperor Francis, ruled over the Duchy of Parma between 1814 and 1847. Also, the Second Mexican Empire, from 1863 to 1867, was headed by Maximilian I of Mexico, the brother of Emperor Franz Josef of Austria.
History[edit]
For a historical account, see:
History of Austria in the Habsburg Monarchy
History of Hungary under the Habsburg Monarchy
Kingdom of Bohemia: 1526–1648, 1648–1867, 1867–1918.
Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg); Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia; Kingdom of Dalmatia
Kingdom of Hungary (1538-1867)
Kingdom of Serbia: 1718–1739, 1788-1791
History of Slovakia within the Habsburg Monarchy
Economy of the Habsburg Monarchy
History of the Balkans
Rulers of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1521–1918[edit]
Main article: List of rulers of Austria
Habsburg[edit]
Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor and his wife Infanta Maria of Spain with their children.
Ferdinand I 1521–1564
Maximilian II 1564–1576
Rudolf II 1576–1612
Matthias 1612–1619
Ferdinand II 1619–1637
Ferdinand III 1637–1657
Leopold I 1657–1705
Joseph I 1705–1711
Charles VI 1711–1740 "Karl VI."
Maria Theresa 1740–1780 (German: Maria Theresia)
Habsburg-Lorraine[edit]
Joseph II 1780–1790 known as "the great Reformer"
Leopold II 1790–1792 from 1765 to 1790 "Grandduke of Tuscany"
Francis II 1792–1835 correctly written "Franz" (became Emperor Francis I of Austria in 1804, at which point numbering starts anew)
Ferdinand I 1835–1848 known as "Ferdinand the Good" German: "Ferdinand der Gütige"
Francis Joseph I 1848–1916 Brother of Emperor Maximilian of Mexico (ruled 1864–1867)
Charles I 1916–1918 last reigning Monarch of Austria-Hungary
Otto von Habsburg-Lothringen or sometimes called Otto von Österreich Crown Prince of Austria to be found as Otto von Habsburg
Family tree[edit]
Habsburg family tree
In literature[edit]
The most famous memoir on the decline of the Habsburg Empire is Stefan Zweig's The World of Yesterday.[11]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "Smoldering Embers: Czech-German Cultural Competition, 1848–1948" by C. Brandon Hone. Utah State University.
^ Jump up to: a b "Czech Republic - Historic Centre of Prague (1992)" Heindorffhus, August 2007, HeindorffHus-Czech Archived 2007-03-20 at Archive.is.
Jump up ^ Vienna website; "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-11-23. Retrieved 2011-09-11.
Jump up ^ Encyclopædia Britannica online article Austria-Hungary; http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/44386/Austria-Hungary
Jump up ^ Metropolitan Museum of Art; http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/habs/hd_habs.htm
Jump up ^ University of Wisconsin; http://faculty.history.wisc.edu/sommerville/351/holy%20roman%20empire.htm
Jump up ^ "Ferdinand I". Encyclopædia Britannica.
Jump up ^ Simon Adams (30 July 2005). The Balkans. Black Rabbit Books. pp. 1974–. ISBN 978-1-58340-603-8.
Jump up ^ SCOTT LACKEY (30 October 1995). The Rebirth of the Habsburg Army: Friedrich Beck and the Rise of the General Staff. ABC-CLIO. pp. 166–. ISBN 978-0-313-03131-1.
Jump up ^ Carl Cavanagh Hodge (2008). Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism, 1800-1914: A-K. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 59–. ISBN 978-0-313-33406-1.
Jump up ^ Giorgio Manacorda (2010) Nota bibliografica in Roth La Marcia di Radetzky, Newton Classici quotation:
Stefan Zweig, l'autore del più famoso libro sull'Impero asburgico, Die Welt von Gestern
Further reading[edit]
Ingrao, Charles. The Habsburg Monarchy, 1618–1815 (2000) excerpt and text search
Ingrao, Charles. In Quest and Crisis: Emperor Joseph I and the Habsburg Monarchy (1979)
Judson, Pieter M. The Habsburg Empire: A New History (2016). Downplays the disruptive impact of ethnic nationalism.
Kann, Robert A. A History of the Habsburg Empire: 1526–1918 (U of California Press, 1974)
Lieven, Dominic. Empire: The Russian empire and its rivals (Yale UP, 2002), comparisons with Russian, British, & Ottoman empires. excerpt
Macartney, Carlile Aylmer The Habsburg Empire, 1790–1918, New York, Macmillan 1969.
McCagg, Jr., William O. A History of the Habsburg Jews, 1670–1918 (Indiana University Press, 1989)
Oakes, Elizabeth and Eric Roman. Austria-Hungary and the Successor States: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present (2003)
Robert John Weston Evans, The Making of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1550–1700: An Interpretation, Oxford University Press, 1979. ISBN 0-19-873085-3.
Sked Alan The Decline and Fall of the Habsburg Empire, 1815–1918, London: Longman, 1989.
Steed, Henry Wickham; et al. (1914). A short history of Austria-Hungary and Poland.
Taylor, A.J.P. The Habsburg monarchy, 1809–1918: a history of the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary, (London: Penguin Books. 2nd ed. 1964) excerpt and text search
External links[edit]
HABSBURG in an email discussion list dealing with the culture and history of the Habsburg Monarchy and its successor states in central Europe since 1500, with discussions, syllabi, book reviews, queries, conferences; edited daily by scholars since 1994.
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Taking a Chance on Love
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This article is about the song. For the 2004 album by Jane Monheit, see Taking a Chance on Love (2004 Jane Monheit album). For the Hallmark Channel TV movie, see Taking a Chance on Love (film).
"Taking a Chance on Love" is a popular song by Vernon Duke with lyrics by John La Touche and Ted Fetter, published in 1940 (see 1940 in music), which has become a standard[1] recorded by many artists.
It was introduced in the 1940 show Cabin in the Sky, a ground-breaking Broadway musical with an all black cast, where it was performed by Ethel Waters and Dooley Wilson. A feature film version, starring Waters and Eddie "Rochester" Anderson, was released in 1943 and featured the song.
A Benny Goodman cover featuring Helen Forrest (which was recorded in 1940) reached No. 1 in 1943. Sammy Kaye also enjoyed chart success in 1943, reaching the No. 13 position.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Lyrics
2 Film appearances
3 Recorded versions
4 References
5 External links
Lyrics[edit]
The song contains eight verses. The opening lines are:
Here I go again,
I hear those trumpets blow again,
All aglow again, Taking a chance on love .
Here I slide again,
About to take that ride again,
I'm starry eyed again, Taking a chance on love.
Film appearances[edit]
1943 Cabin in the Sky
1943 I Dood It - played on piano by Hazel Scott, on bass by Red Callender with accompaniment.[3]
1950 I'll Get By - sung by Gloria DeHaven with the Harry James Orchestra.[4]
1953 Remains to Be Seen - sung by Dorothy Dandridge[5]
1957 This Could Be the Night - performed by Julie Wilson[6]
1977 New York, New York - performed by Liza Minnelli[7]
Recorded versions[edit]
Eddy Arnold
Tony Bennett
Ruby Braff
Les Brown & his Orchestra
Dave Brubeck
Charlie Byrd
Benny Carter
June Christy - A Friendly Session, Vol. 2 (1999) with the Johnny Guarnieri Quintet
Rosemary Clooney
Alma Cogan
Nat King Cole
Ray Conniff
Bing Crosby recorded the song in 1954[8] for use on his radio show and it was subsequently included in the box set The Bing Crosby CBS Radio Recordings (1954-56) issued by Mosaic Records (catalog MD7-245) in 2009.[9]
Dorothy Dandridge
Buddy DeFranco
Marlene Dietrich - Dass Ich Dich Wiederseh'
Kenny Drew
Tommy Dorsey
Anne Ducros
Billy Eckstine
Tal Farlow
Michael Feinstein
Ella Fitzgerald
Helen Forrest
The Four Lads
Judy Garland
Erroll Garner
Dizzy Gillespie
Benny Goodman
Eydie Gorme
Stephane Grappelli
Buddy Greco
Lance Hayward, recorded by the Bermudian pianist and released on Island Records (1958) on the very first album produced by Chris Blackwell
Ted Heath
Karl Otto Hoff, Kjell Johansens 15-piece orchestra Soloist: Kjell Johansen, trumpet. Arranger: Ragnar Robertsen (Recorded in Oslo on October 16, 1956 and released on the 78 rpm record HMV AL 6045)
Salena Jones
Sammy Kaye
Stan Kenton
Teddi King - Bidin' My Time (1956)
Cleo Laine
Frankie Laine
Sara Lazarus
Peggy Lee
Guy Lombardo & His Royal Canadians (in 1941; Brunswick 03187)
Harpo Marx
Johnny Mathis
Susannah McCorkle
Liza Minnelli
Jane Monheit
Gerry Mulligan
Helen O'Connell
Anita O'Day
Renee Olstead
The Osmonds
Patti Page
Nicholas Payton
Bud Powell
The Pied Pipers
Rita Reys
George Shearing
Anne Shelton
Dinah Shore
Zoot Sims
Frank Sinatra - Swing Easy! (1954)
Jo Stafford
Rod Stewart from Thanks for the Memory: The Great American Songbook, Volume IV (2005)
Sonny Stitt
Barbra Streisand from The Third Album (1963)
Maxine Sullivan
Mel Tormé
Dionne Warwick
Ethel Waters
Carol Welsman
Teddy Wilson
Lester Young
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Burlingame, Sandra. "Jazz Standards Songs and Instrumentals (Taking a Chance on Love)". jazzstandards.com. Retrieved July 8, 2009.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (1986). Joel Whitburn's Pop Memories 1890-1954. Wisconsin, USA: Record Research Inc. p. 589. ISBN 0-89820-083-0.
Jump up ^ "By Hook or by Crook (1943) Soundtracks". imdb.com. Internet Movie Database. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ "I'll Get By (1950) Soundtracks". imdb.com. Internet Movie Database. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Remains to Be Seen (1953) Soundtracks". imdb.com. Internet Movie Database. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ "This Could Be the Night (1957)". imdb.com. Internet Movie Database. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Movieclips". movieclips.com. Retrieved December 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "A Bing Crosby Discography". BING magazine. International Club Crosby. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "allmusic.com". allmusic.com. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
External links[edit]
Taking a Chance on Love at jazzstandards.com
Preceded by
"I've Heard That Song Before"
by Harry James and His Orchestra with vocal chorus by Helen Forrest The Billboard National Best Selling Retail Records number-one single
(Benny Goodman and His Orchestra version)
June 12 – June 26, 1943 (three weeks) Succeeded by
"Comin' in on a Wing and a Prayer"
by the Song Spinners
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"I Can't Live a Dream"
"I'm Still Gonna Need You"
"I Think About Your Lovin'"
"Never Ending Song of Love"
"Anytime"
Related articles
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Donny & Marie (1998)
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This pop standards-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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text:
General Hux
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
General Armitage Hux
Star Wars character
Gleeson portraying Hux in
The Force Awakens (2015)
First appearance
The Force Awakens (2015)
Created by
J. J. Abrams
Portrayed by
Domhnall Gleeson
Voiced by
Domhnall Gleeson (Lego Star Wars: The Force Awakens)
Information
Species
Human
Gender
Male
Occupation
General of the First Order
Affiliation
Galactic Empire
First Order
Relatives
Brendol Hux (father)
Homeworld
Arkanis
General Armitage Hux[1] is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise. First introduced in the 2015 film Star Wars: The Force Awakens, he is portrayed by Domhnall Gleeson.[2] He is a ruthless commander in a power struggle with Kylo Ren for the First Order leadership, and being exceeded only by Supreme Leader Snoke.[3] The character first featured in The Force Awakens media and merchandising, and returned in the film's sequel, Star Wars: The Last Jedi.
Contents
[hide]
1 Character
2 Appearances
2.1 The Force Awakens (2015)
2.2 The Last Jedi (2017)
2.3 Other media
3 Reception
4 References
5 External links
Character[edit]
Hux was born on Arkanis and was rumored to have been sired from an affair between his father, Commandant Brendol Hux of the Arkanis Academy, and a kitchen worker. Hux and his father are rescued from the Academy when it is about to fall to the New Republic near the end of the Galactic Civil War. When the war ends with the Battle of Jakku and the signing of the Galactic Concordance, the young Hux and his father are part of the Imperial Navy forces who retreat into the Unknown Regions.[4] These forces later emerge as the First Order. The Republic believes that the First Order is just an unimportant band of Imperial holdouts, but Hux's training methods forge a formidable military. He also longs to use the Starkiller Base weapon against the Republic; Hux believes that the Republic is a threat to galactic stability, and that it is his destiny to rule the galaxy.
Appearances[edit]
The Force Awakens (2015)[edit]
Hux first appears in The Force Awakens as the commander of the First Order. Hux is part of a mission to Jakku to recover a map to Luke Skywalker, the last Jedi. Kylo Ren leads the search for the map, which they are unable to locate. To prevent the return of the Jedi and to eliminate the Resistance, which, under the command of General Leia Organa, emerged to combat the First Order, Snoke allows Hux to use the Starkiller weapon against the Republic's capital world of Hosnian Prime. The Resistance is left without military support from the Republic, so Hux soon turns the weapon towards the Resistance base on D'Qar. Before he can destroy them, however, an attack squadron led by Commander Poe Dameron, with ground support from Han Solo, former stormtrooper Finn, and the Jakku scavenger Rey, destroys Starkiller Base, forcing Hux, his troops, and a defeated Ren to flee the planet.
The Last Jedi (2017)[edit]
General Hux appears in The Last Jedi as the primary general reporting directly to Supreme Leader Snoke. He attempts to respond to a transmission from Dameron, who pretends not to hear him and describes him as "pasty." Hux then leads the subsequent battle, during which both sides sustain heavy losses. He also oversees the bombardment of the remaining three ships of the Resistance. When he discovers that Snoke is dead, he initially protests Ren's claim to be the new Supreme Leader, but is swiftly persuaded otherwise when Ren uses the Force to choke him, proclaiming "The Supreme Leader is dead, long live the Supreme Leader." At the end of the film, he accompanies Ren to the planet Crait in their attempt to finish off the Resistance. When Ren orders his men to fire on Luke Skywalker, Hux admonishes him to focus on the escaping Resistance members; Ren silences him by using the Force to slam him into a wall, knocking him out.
Other media[edit]
Some details about the backstory of Hux and his father Brendol appear in the 2016 novel Star Wars: Aftermath: Life Debt by Chuck Wendig.[1][2][4] Hux and Brendol are also characters in the 2017 novel Star Wars: Phasma by Delilah S. Dawson.[5]
Hux also is a playable Dark Side squad leader in a sequel-era update to the mobile MOBA Star Wars: Force Arena, released in late 2017.[6]
Reception[edit]
In his review of The Force Awakens, Henry Barnes of The Guardian wrote that Gleeson's "screechy pseudo-Nazi role" as General Hux is "not as colourful or as nuanced" as Adam Driver's part as Kylo Ren, "but – given he's a functionary – Gleeson certainly makes an impression."[7] Reviewing Hux and his role in the film, David Rutz of The Washington Free Beacon wrote that while Hux is portrayed as a villain, he is shown to be a capable general and "a committed soldier to his cause with laser-like focus on achieving the First Order's ends."[8]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Star Wars: The Force Awakens villain General Hux's full name has been revealed". Digital Spy. July 11, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Here's The Deal With That Creepy General Hux From Star Wars: The Force Awakens". Cinema Blend. July 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Star Wars: The Force Awakens: Kylo Ren and General Hux's Relationship Revealed". Collider. November 13, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Star Wars prequel book reveals General Hux's first name and backstory". Hypable. July 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ Liptak, Andrew (September 1, 2017). "A new Star Wars novel traces the mysterious origins of Captain Phasma". The Verge. Retrieved September 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Minotti, Mike (December 15, 2017). "Celebrate The Last Jedi with some Star Wars gaming deals and new content". VentureBeat. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Barnes, Henry (16 December 2015). "The Force Awakens: is the acting strong in this one?". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Rutz, David (December 19, 2017). "In Defense of General Hux". The Washington Free Beacon. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
External links[edit]
General Hux in the StarWars.com Databank
General Hux on Wookieepedia, a Star Wars wiki
General Hux on IMDb
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The Accountant (2016 film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Accountant
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Gavin O'Connor
Produced by
Lynette Howell Taylor
Mark Williams
Written by
Bill Dubuque
Starring
Ben Affleck
Anna Kendrick
J. K. Simmons
Jon Bernthal
Jeffrey Tambor
Cynthia Addai-Robinson
John Lithgow
Music by
Mark Isham
Cinematography
Seamus McGarvey
Edited by
Richard Pearson
Production
companies
Electric City Entertainment
Advanced Underwriting Concepts
RatPac Entertainment
Zero Gravity Management
Distributed by
Warner Bros. Pictures
Release date
October 10, 2016 (2016-10-10) (TCL Chinese Theatre)
October 14, 2016 (2016-10-14) (United States)
Running time
128 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$44 million[2]
Box office
$155.2 million[2]
The Accountant is a 2016 American crime thriller film directed by Gavin O'Connor, written by Bill Dubuque and starring Ben Affleck, Anna Kendrick, J. K. Simmons, Jon Bernthal, Jeffrey Tambor, Cynthia Addai-Robinson, and John Lithgow. The storyline follows a small-town Illinois certified public accountant with high-functioning autism[3] who actually makes his living uncooking the books of dangerous criminal organizations around the world that are experiencing internal embezzlement.
The Accountant premiered in Los Angeles on October 10, 2016, and saw its European premiere in London on October 17.[4] The film was theatrically released in the United States by Warner Bros. Pictures on October 14, 2016. The film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $155 million worldwide. In 2017, according to MPAA's end of year report, it is the top film for both disc and digital rentals.[5]
A sequel is currently in development.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Fight choreography
3.2 Marketing
4 Release
4.1 Box office
4.2 Critical response
4.3 Accolades
5 Sequel
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
As a child, Christian Wolff is diagnosed with a high-functioning form of autism at Harbor Neuroscience, where he meets the doctor's daughter, Justine. Chris's father declines the offer for his son to stay at a sensory friendly environment, believing that Chris must overcome the hardships inherent in his condition, but Chris's overwhelmed mother abandons their family. Afraid that others will exploit his son, Chris's father—a US Army PSYOP officer—begins a brutal regimen of stoicism and martial arts training for both him and his brother, Braxton.
In the present, Chris works as a forensic accountant from a small strip mall office in Plainfield, Illinois. He unmasks insider financial deceptions, often for criminal and terrorist enterprises. Chris's clients interact with Chris through the Voice, an unidentified woman who calls him "Dreamboat". He exposes himself to loud music and flashing lights while abusing his own shinbone on a daily basis to inure himself to sensory overload.
Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCen) Director Ray King pursues Chris, known to them as "the Accountant". King recruits Treasury data analyst Marybeth Medina to help him locate the Accountant. Her leads include Chris's cover names, a recording from his killing of nine members of the Gambino crime family, and some photos.
Chris is hired to audit Living Robotics after the company's founder and CEO, Lamar Blackburn and his sister Rita, learn of discrepancies from in-house accountant Dana Cummings. Chris finds that over $61 million has been embezzled from the company. CFO Ed Chilton, who is diabetic, is forced by a hitman to commit suicide from an insulin overdose. Lamar dismisses Chris, claiming Chilton killed himself because of the investigation of the embezzlement, leaving Chris very distraught because he cannot finish the audit.
In a flashback scene, the extent of Chris and his brother's relentless martial arts training instilled by their father as a child is revealed, suggesting that he is an adept fighter in the present day.
As a result of his superior self defense capabilities, assassins fail to kill Chris; the last reveals that Dana is the next target. Chris saves her before taking her to his storage unit, containing an Airstream Panamerica with artwork and other valuables, which he uses to quickly flee in when necessary. As they talk, he realizes that the embezzlement at Living Robotics is a scheme like Crazy Eddie's; money stolen from the company is returned to it, boosting profits and increasing the company's valuation as it prepares for an IPO. When Chris goes to confront Rita he finds her dead, exposing Lamar as the embezzler.
Medina isolates Chris's voice from the recording of the Gambino killing, hearing him repeating the nursery rhyme Solomon Grundy. She learns that his cadence is reminiscent of those with autism, and that Chris's aliases are famed mathematicians, including his current identity, Christian Wolff. Using IRS records, she finds his Illinois office.
Government agents search Chris's heavily secured home. King explains to Medina that Chris was imprisoned at Leavenworth because of a fight at his estranged mother's funeral, where his father was killed protecting Chris. He learned accounting from Francis Silverberg, a Gambino family accountant who became an FBI informant. King was Silverberg's handler, but his inaction led to the informant being brutally killed; King was staking out the Gambinos when Chris came to avenge his mentor. Chris could have killed King, but let him go after asking if he was a good father. King began getting information from the Voice when criminals violated Chris's moral code, and King became director of FinCen. King tells Medina someone has to take over when he retires. The phone rings, and the Voice tells Medina about Living Robotics.
Chris goes to Lamar's mansion, where the hitman and his men await. During the battle, the hitman recognizes Chris repeating the nursery rhyme and reveals that he is Chris's brother Braxton; they have not seen each other since Chris's imprisonment. Braxton attacks Chris, as he is both resentful over his brother's estrangement from him and blames him for their father's death. During a pause in their fight Lamar arrogantly interrupts; Chris shoots him, ending the battle. Chris amicably agrees to meet Braxton in a week, saying he will find him.
As another set of parents visits Harbor Neuroscience with their child, the boy meets Justine, still a patient there; she is the Voice, and Chris funds the center with his bookkeeping profits. Dana receives a Jackson Pollock painting she saw in the trailer, as Chris drives out of town with the Airstream in tow.
Cast[edit]
Ben Affleck as Christian "Chris" Wolff
Seth Lee as Young Chris
Anna Kendrick as Dana Cummings
J. K. Simmons as Raymond "Ray" King
Jon Bernthal as Braxton
Jake Presley as Young Braxton
Jeffrey Tambor as Francis Silverberg
Cynthia Addai-Robinson as Marybeth Medina
John Lithgow as Lamar Blackburn
Jean Smart as Rita Blackburn
Andy Umberger as Ed Chilton
Alison Wright as Justine
Izzy Fenech as Young Justine
Robert C. Treveiler as Chris' father
Mary Kraft as Chris' mother
Gary Basaraba as Don
Production[edit]
On November 12, 2014, Variety reported that Anna Kendrick was in early talks to co-star in the film, alongside Affleck.[6] Later that day, J. K. Simmons was also announced as being in talks to join the cast.[7] On November 14, 2014, Jon Bernthal was also in talks.[8] On January 6, 2015, Variety reported that Cynthia Addai-Robinson was added to the cast.[9] On January 14, 2015, Jeffrey Tambor[10] and John Lithgow[11] were added to the cast of the film. Lithgow had previously appeared in another thriller about autism, Silent Fall (1994).
Filming began on January 19, 2015 in Atlanta, Georgia.[12][13] On March 16–20, filming was taking place at the Georgia Institute of Technology.[14] The film ends with the Accountant driving on Bethany Bridge over Lake Allatoona, Georgia.
Fight choreography[edit]
The action fighting sequences in the film featured the Indonesian martial art Pencak Silat.[15][16][17]
Marketing[edit]
On July 9, 2015, a year before the film's release, it had received graphic novelization published by Vertigo, a limited comic book imprint owned by Warner Bros. Pictures.[18]
Release[edit]
The film was released on October 14, 2016.[19] Before that, Warner Bros. had scheduled it for January 29, 2016, later moving it to October 7, 2016, before moving it back another week.[20][21]
Box office[edit]
The Accountant grossed $86.3 million in the United States and Canada and $68.9 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $155.2 million, against a production budget of $44 million.[2]
The Accountant was released alongside Max Steel and Kevin Hart: What Now?, and was expected to gross $20–25 million from 3,332 theaters in its opening weekend, although the studio was projecting a conservative $15 million opening.[22] The film made $1.35 million from its Thursday night previews, more than Affleck's Gone Girl ($1.2 million) in 2014. It grossed $9.1 million on its first day and $24.7 million in its opening weekend, finishing first at the box office and was the second highest-debut for a thriller of Affleck's career, behind Gone Girl ($37.5 million).[23] In its second weekend, the film grossed $13.6 million (a drop of 44.8%), finishing 4th at the box office.[24]
Critical response[edit]
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 52% based on 254 reviews, with an average rating of 5.7/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "The Accountant writes off a committed performance from Ben Affleck, leaving viewers with a scattershot action thriller beset by an array of ill-advised deductions."[25] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a weighted average score of 51 out of 100, based on 45 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[26] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale,[27] while comScore reported audiences gave an 84% overall positive score and a 64% definite recommend.[23]
Vince Mancini of Uproxx gave the film a positive review, writing, "It’s transparent in its attempt both to pimp a future franchise and give autistic kids their own superhero. There’s a genuine sweetness to the latter that converts me on the former. Headshots, math problems, and pained social interactions? Sign me up. Of the two movies Ben Affleck has been in so far this year, The Accountant and Batman V Superman, The Accountant has by far the most franchise potential."[28] Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars, saying: "Madness abounds in The Accountant, an intense, intricate, darkly amusing and action-infused thriller that doesn’t always add up but who cares, it’s BIG FUN."[29]
Richard Brody of The New Yorker panned the film, stating: "This thrill-free thriller...piles up plotlines like an overbuilt house of cards that comes crashing down at the first well-earned guffaw of ridicule."[30]
Accolades[edit]
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
Ref(s)
Jupiter Awards March 29, 2017 Best International Film The Accountant Nominated [31]
Best International Actor Ben Affleck Nominated
Saturn Awards June 28, 2017 Best Thriller Film The Accountant Nominated [32]
Sequel[edit]
In June 2017, it was announced Warner Bros. was developing a sequel, with Affleck, Dubuque and O’Connor all scheduled to return.[33]
See also[edit]
Autism spectrum disorders in the media
Mental calculators in fiction
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The Accountant (15)". British Board of Film Classification. August 30, 2016. Retrieved August 30, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The Accountant (2016)". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved April 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ Anderson, Jeffrey M. (October 14, 2016). "The Accountant Movie Review". Common Sense Media. Retrieved November 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ Alvarez, Joe (19 December 2016). "Ben Affleck London Premiere of The Accountant". Ikon London Magazine. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Lang, Brent (4 April 2018). "'Moana,' 'The Accountant' Top Home Entertainment Charts in 2017". Retrieved 7 April 2018.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin (November 12, 2014). "Anna Kendrick In Talks to Join Ben Affleck in 'The Accountant'". Variety. Retrieved November 13, 2014.
Jump up ^ Ford, Rebecca; Kit, Borys (November 12, 2014). "J.K. Simmons Joining Ben Affleck in 'The Accountant'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved November 13, 2014.
Jump up ^ Sneider, Jeff (November 14, 2014). "'Fury' Star Jon Bernthal in Talks to Join Ben Affleck in 'The Accountant'". TheWrap. Retrieved November 15, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin. "'Arrow' Actress Cynthia Addai-Robinson Joins 'The Accountant'". Variety. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys (January 14, 2015). "Jeffrey Tambor Joins Ben Affleck Thriller 'The Accountant'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ Fleming Jr, Mike (January 14, 2015). "John Lithgow Joins Ben Affleck on 'The Accountant' Ledger". Deadline.com. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "'The Accountant', starring Ben Affleck, begins filming in Atlanta next week". onlocationvacations.com. January 13, 2015. Retrieved January 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ "On the Set for 1/19/15: Kevin Spacey Begins on Elvis & Nixon, Director Joel Edgerton Starts on Blumhouse Film & More". ssninsider.com. January 19, 2015. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ "'The Accountant', starring Ben Affleck, is filming at Georgia Tech all week". onlocationvacations.com. March 16, 2015. Retrieved March 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Ben Affleck mastered Indonesian fighting style for new film". TV3.
Jump up ^ "The Accountant: Interview With Director Gavin O'Connor". October 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ Video on YouTube @13:19.
Jump up ^ "Ben Affleck's 'The Accountant' Is Getting Its Own Comic Book". ScreenCrush.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (March 8, 2016). "Warner Bros. Shifts Release Dates For 'The Accountant', 'Going In Style' & 'The House'". Deadline.com. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ Hayden, Erik (August 7, 2015). "Ben Affleck's 'Accountant' and 'Live By Night' Pushed Back by Warner Bros". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved August 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ McNary, Dave (May 19, 2015). "Ben Affleck's 'The Accountant' Set for Jan. 29". Variety. Retrieved May 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Ben Affleck's 'The Accountant' is expected to unseat 'Girl On the Train' in slow box office weekend". Los Angeles Times.
^ Jump up to: a b "'The Accountant' Calculates $24.7M Opening; 'Max Steel' Rusts". Deadline.com. October 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Anthony D'Alessandro (October 23, 2016). "'Madea' To Push Well Past $27M As 'Jack Reacher' Takes $22M to $23M; 'Joneses' Can't Keep Up – Sun. AM Update". Deadline.com. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Accountant (2016)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ "The Accountant Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "CinemaScore Grades". CinemaScore – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Mancini, Vince (October 12, 2016). "'The Accountant' Is The Year's Best Superhero Movie And Probably Deserves A Sequel". Uproxx. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "'The Accountant': Ben Affleck an entertaining transaction hero". Chicago Sun Times. October 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Accountant". The New Yorker. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Jupiter Awards 2017". Jupiter Awards. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ McNary, Dave (March 2, 2017). "Saturn Awards Nominations 2017: 'Rogue One,' 'Walking Dead' Lead". Variety. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Jr., Mike (June 26, 2017). "Ben Affleck & Gavin O'Connor Back For 'The Accountant' Sequel; Will Jon Bernthal Return?". Deadline.com.
External links[edit]
Official website
The Accountant on IMDb
The Accountant at Rotten Tomatoes
The Accountant at AllMovie
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