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Mandalay Bay
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Mandalay Bay
Location
Paradise, Nevada, U.S.
Address
3950 South Las Vegas Boulevard
Opening date
March 2, 1999; 18 years ago (March 2, 1999)
Theme
Tropical
No. of rooms
3,309
Total gaming space
135,000 sq ft (12,500 m2)
Permanent shows
Michael Jackson: One
Signature attractions
Mandalay Bay Convention Center
Mandalay Bay Events Center
Shark Reef
House of Blues
Mandalay Beach
Notable restaurants
Aureole
Alain Ducasse Rivea
Charlie Palmer Steak
Fleur by Hubert Keller
Kumi
Lupo
Red Square
RM Seafood
Stripsteak
Border Grill Las Vegas
Casino type
Land-based
Owner
MGM Resorts International
Renovated in
2002, 2007
Coordinates
36°5′30″N 115°10′29″W / 36.09167°N 115.17472°W / 36.09167; -115.17472Coordinates: 36°5′30″N 115°10′29″W / 36.09167°N 115.17472°W / 36.09167; -115.17472
Website
mandalaybay.com
Mandalay Bay is a 43-story luxury resort and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. It is owned and operated by MGM Resorts International. One of the property's towers operates as the Delano; the Four Seasons Hotel is independently operated within the Mandalay Bay tower, occupying 5 floors (35–39).
Mandalay Bay has 3,309 hotel rooms, 24 elevators and a casino of 135,000 square feet (12,500 m2). Adjacent to the hotel is the 2,000,000 square feet (190,000 m2) Mandalay Bay Convention Center and the 12,000-seat Mandalay Bay Events Center. The Mandalay Bay Tram connects the resort to its sister properties, Excalibur and Luxor, all three of which were constructed by Circus Circus Enterprises before its sale to MGM.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 2017 shooting
2 Hotels
2.1 Penthouse suites
2.2 Four Seasons Hotel
2.3 Delano Las Vegas (adjacent building)
3 Attractions
3.1 Shows
3.2 Mandalay Beach
3.3 Mandalay Bay Events Center
3.4 Mandalay Bay Convention Center
3.5 The Shoppes at Mandalay Place
4 Restaurants
4.1 Bars and lounges
5 Media references
5.1 Film and television
5.2 Music
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
View from Mandalay Bay hotel looking north (2014)
In 1995, Circus Circus Enterprises bought the Hacienda for $80 million and an adjacent 74-acre (30 ha) site for $73 million.[1] They closed the Hacienda on December 1, 1996, and imploded it a month later on New Year's Eve.[2][3] Plans for the tropical-themed "Project Paradise" were revealed the same day, with an estimated budget of $800 million to $1 billion.[4] In February 1998 the project was renamed Mandalay Bay to evoke the exotic tropical romanticism of the poem "Mandalay".[5]
Problems arose during construction because of excessive and uneven settling of the soil beneath the building; the core of the building sank by 17 inches (430 mm), while one of the wings had settled by only 2 inches (51 mm).[6][7] Rumors about the severity of the issues depressed Circus Circus's stock price.[6] The problem was solved by installing 536 micropiles (200-foot-long metal pipes filled with grout, each capped with a hydraulic jack) below the building, at an estimated cost of $8 to $10 million.[6][8][9]
The resort opened on March 2, 1999, with grand opening festivities that included the Blues Brothers (Dan Aykroyd, James Belushi, and John Goodman) leading a procession of 200 motorcycles to Mandalay Bay's front doors, and a concert by Bob Dylan at the House of Blues.[10][11]
In June 1999, Circus Circus changed its name to Mandalay Resort Group.[12]
Construction of a major convention center at Mandalay Bay was begun in June 2001, with its opening originally set for the summer of 2002.[13][14] After a delay in the wake of the September 11, 2001 attacks, the Mandalay Bay Convention Center opened in January 2003.[15][16] With 1.5 million square feet (140,000 m2) of space, it was the fifth largest convention center in the nation.[17]
On May 23, 2002, the Mandalay Resort Group announced a second 1,122-room hotel tower, with a cost of at least $200 million.[18] Construction began on the project in September 2002. The name of the tower, THEhotel at Mandalay Bay, was revealed in October 2003.[19] The tower opened on December 17, 2003.[20]
In February 2005, Mandalay Resort Group was sold to MGM Mirage (later MGM Resorts International), who currently own the resort. The acquisition was finalized on April 25, 2005.
2017 shooting[edit]
Main article: 2017 Las Vegas shooting
On October 1, 2017, gunman Stephen Paddock opened fire on the Route 91 Harvest, a country music festival, from a room on the 32nd floor of the hotel, killing 58 and wounding 546. The shooting ended when Paddock committed suicide before Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department officers breached the hotel room.[21][22][23] The shooting brought attention to a legal device called a bump-fire stock, which is used to mimic an automatic weapon. Automatic weapons are restricted by the National Firearms Act of 1934 and the Firearm Owners Protection Act of 1986. This incident is the deadliest mass shooting by a lone gunman in recent U.S. history.[24]
Hotels[edit]
Penthouse suites[edit]
The gold coloring of the hotel is a result of gold leaf used on the windows. Levels 40-42 (numbered as floors 60–62) are designed as penthouse suites, with a penthouse lounge on level 62 for guests staying in the penthouses.[citation needed] Level 43 (numbered as 64) is the Foundation Room, a restaurant and bar.[25]
Four Seasons Hotel[edit]
Five floors (floors 35–39) of the main hotel building are occupied by the five-star and AAA Five-Diamond Four Seasons Hotel Las Vegas.[26]
Delano Las Vegas (adjacent building)[edit]
Main article: Delano Las Vegas
The resort's second tower, with 45 stories and 1,117 suites, previously operated as THEhotel at Mandalay Bay, now operates as Delano Las Vegas. Each suite is at least 750 square feet (70 m2).
Attractions[edit]
Shows[edit]
A production of the classic Broadway musical Chicago debuted at Mandalay Bay's 1999 grand opening and ran for one year.[27][28] Storm, an original production show featuring Latin music, ran from April 2001 to July 2002.[29][30][31][32] Mamma Mia! was a long-running stage production at the resort from 2003 to 2009.[33][34] The show was replaced with Disney's The Lion King, which opened on May 15, 2009. Its run ended in 2011 to make way for Michael Jackson: One, by Cirque du Soleil, which opened May 2013.[35]
Another popular attraction is the House of Blues, a venue for live music and a restaurant, with a capacity of approximately 1,800. On the top floor of the hotel is the House of Blues Foundation Room, featuring a dining room, private dining rooms, and a balcony looking down the Las Vegas Strip.
Mandalay Beach[edit]
Mandalay Bay pool.
Mandalay Beach is an 11 acres (4.5 ha) pool area with three heated pools, a wave pool with connecting pool for small children, and a lazy river that features a small waterfall. The wave pool features 1.6 million gallons of water and waves in 90-second intervals with heights ranging anywhere from two to four feet. Because of this, it has a strict 48" height requirement. The European-style pool, called Moorea, features its own private bar as well as the allowance of female guests to bathe topless. Because of this, Moorea is separated from the rest of the pool by smoked glass windows and has an over-21 requirement. There are also two restaurants at the Beach. The pool area won the Las Vegas Review Journal's Reader's "Best Pool of Las Vegas" award for seven years in a row.[36] One pool remains open throughout the winter months.
In keeping with the resort's tropical theme, it features a saltwater aquarium, the Shark Reef Aquarium, which contains the third largest tank in North America. Shark Reef Aquarium contains numerous other exhibits, including two tunnel-shaped, walk-through aquariums.
Mandalay Bay Events Center[edit]
Main article: Mandalay Bay Events Center
The Mandalay Bay Events Center, a 12,000-seat arena, hosts major events including concerts, boxing matches, and Ultimate Fighting Championship events. It has played host to the Latin Grammy Awards several times, and the Miss Universe pageant.
Mandalay Bay Convention Center[edit]
Main article: Mandalay Bay Convention Center
This 1,000,000 square feet (93,000 m2) facility is one of the largest privately owned convention centers in the world. It has several ballrooms ranging in size up to 100,000 square feet (9,300 m2), and can support up to 75 breakout sessions.
The Shoppes at Mandalay Place[edit]
The Shoppes at Mandalay Place is a 310-foot (94 m)- long retail sky bridge.[37][38]
Restaurants[edit]
There are 24 restaurants at the resort.[39] Michael Mina, Alain Ducasse, Rick Moonen, Charlie Palmer, Hubert Keller, Wolfgang Puck, Mary Sue Milliken and Susan Feniger are all associated with restaurants on the property.
Aureole
Bayside Buffet
Beach Bar & Grill
Burger Bar
Border Grill
Charlie Palmer Steak
Citizens (Formerly Red, White, and Blue)
Fleur
Foundation Room
Boardwalk Pizza & Pasta (Formerly Wolf Grill)
House of Blues at Crossroads
House of Blues Restaurant
Hussong's Cantina
Lupo
Mizuya
Alain Ducasse Mix
Noodle Shop
Orchid
Raffles Café
Restaurant RM
Rx Boiler Room
Red Square
Ri Ra Irish Pub
RM Seafood
Seabreeze
Slice of Vegas
Michael Mina Stripsteak
3940 Coffee + Tea
Della's Kitchen
Franklin
Sports Book Grill
Verandah at Four Seasons
Starbucks – 2 locations
Bars and lounges[edit]
Evening Call
Eyecandy Lounge
Foundation Room
Franklin
Mix Lounge
O.N.E. Oasis Bar
Orchid Lounge
Sports Book Lounge
Media references[edit]
Film and television[edit]
Play It to the Bone 2000
Ocean's Eleven 2001 – Foreground shot when the 'pinch' knocks out power
Las Vegas 2003–2005 – was the interior of the fictional Montecito casino
Fear Factor 2003
CSI: Crime Scene Investigation 2006–2008 – From opening credits as a symbol of Las Vegas.
Rocky Balboa 2006
Ocean's Thirteen 2007
Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List 2007
The Hangover 2009 – various background shots.
Wisin & Yandel – Te Siento (promotional video).
Top Chef 2009 – Bryan Voltaggio used the resort for his inspiration for his dish.
The Amazing Race 15 2009 – Team members had to rappel down the building.
What Happens in Vegas 2008 – The group heads off to Las Vegas.
Defiance 2012 – supplementary material states that it was converted into a for-profit prison[40]
Modern Family 2014 – setting of the episode "Las Vegas"
Dominion 2014 – establishing shot of the city in the pilot episode shows it to be battle-damaged and outside the fortified protective wall
Music[edit]
"Me and My Monkey", from the album Escapology by Robbie Williams, 2002
"No Beef" Afrojack & Steve Aoki (featuring Miss Palmer) 2011
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Circus Circus buys hotel, land in Las Vegas". Dallas Morning News. March 7, 1995 – via NewsBank.
Jump up ^ "Hacienda goes quietly into night". Las Vegas Sun. December 2, 1996 – via NewsBank.
Jump up ^ "Historic Hacienda hotel is now history". UPI. January 1, 1997. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ Berns, Dave (January 1, 1997). "Circus Circus creating Paradise on south Strip". Las Vegas Review-Journal – via NewsBank.
Jump up ^ Ward, Greg (2002). The Rough Guide to Las Vegas (2nd ed.). London: Rough Guides. p. 20. ISBN 1-85828-890-8. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Thompson, Gary (August 20, 1998). "Mandalay Bay settling halted". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Berns, Dave (July 9, 1998). "Mandalay Bay foundation to get a boost". Las Vegas Review-Journal – via NewsBank.
Jump up ^ Richards, T.D.; Kartofilis, D. (February 17, 2006). "Micropile Underpinning of the Mandalay Bay Hotel & Casino" (PDF). Nicholson Construction Company. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ Leong, Grace (February 25, 2000). "Mandalay sues insurer over sinking costs". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Macy, Robert (March 2, 1999). "Public eyes new $1 billion resort; Wall Street watches for the numbers". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Weatherford, Mike (March 4, 1999). "Bono enlivens Dylan's House of Blues show". Las Vegas Review-Journal – via NewsBank.
Jump up ^ Thompson, Gary (June 18, 1999). "Circus Circus holders clear name change". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Strow, David (April 27, 2001). "Mandalay Bay plans mammoth center". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Road work to tie up traffic". Las Vegas Sun. June 11, 2001. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Convention center opening pushed to January 2003". Las Vegas Sun. October 16, 2001. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "First convention at new venue showcases pool, spa industry". Las Vegas Sun. January 6, 2003. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Jones, Chris (January 4, 2003). "Drawing on business travelers". Las Vegas Review-Journal – via NewsBank.
Jump up ^ Benston, Liz (May 24, 2002). "Mandalay building all-suite tower". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Company finalizes name for new tower". Las Vegas Sun. October 15, 2003. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Scherzer, Barbara (December 19, 2003). "New tower, THEhotel, opens at Strip resort". Las Vegas Business Press – via NewsBank.
Jump up ^ "At least 50 dead, more than 400 injured after shooting at Las Vegas Strip music festival". KSNV. January 28, 2016. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "What we know about Las Vegas shooter Stephen Paddock". News.com.au. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Simon, Darran (October 9, 2017). "Las Vegas police officers describe storming gunman's room". CNN. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Nestel, M.L.; Miller, Andrea (October 3, 2017). "These are the 10 deadliest mass shootings in modern US history". ABC News. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ POV-MHotel Reviews (May 18, 2016). "Penthouse Suite Mandalay Bay" – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ "Guest rooms and suites". Four Seasons Hotel Las Vegas. June 9, 2006. Retrieved June 15, 2006.
Jump up ^ "'Chicago' toddles into Vegas". Las Vegas Sun. March 3, 1999. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Paskevich, Michael (February 27, 2000). "'Chicago' to close after impressive showing on Strip". Las Vegas Review-Journal – via NewsBank.
Jump up ^ Maddox, Kate (April 10, 2001). "Yet another 'Storm' warning". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Delaney, Joe (April 20, 2001). "Taking the wind out of 'Storm's sails". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Clarke, Norm (July 14, 2002). "'Storm' to end Mandalay Bay run July 28". Las Vegas Review-Journal – via NewsBank.
Jump up ^ Delaney, Joe (August 1, 2002). "Short-term future clouded at Mandalay Bay Theatre". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Weatherford, Mike (February 18, 2003). ""Mamma Mia!" makes big splash on opening weekend". Las Vegas Review-Journal – via NewsBank.
Jump up ^ Arseniuk, Melissa (January 5, 2009). "After six years, curtain closes for 'Mamma Mia!'". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Cirque: Michael Jackson show to debut at Mandalay Bay in 2013". Las Vegas Weekly. April 21, 2011. Retrieved April 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Best Pool". 2006 Best of Las Vegas survey. Las Vegas Review Journal. 2006. Retrieved June 15, 2006.
Jump up ^ Stapells, Cathy (November 4, 2007). "Escada, Gucci, Dior, oh my!; Vegas takes shopping to a new level". The Toronto Sun.
Jump up ^ "The Shoppes at Mandalay Place". Mandalay Bay. 2010. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino, Las Vegas". Mandalay Bay.
Jump up ^ "2046 Map". Definance. Syfy. Archived from the original on June 23, 2013.
External links[edit]
Official website
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2017 Central Mexico earthquake
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
2017 Central Mexico earthquake
Show map of Mexico Show map of Puebla (state) Show all
Location of epicenter in Mexico and Puebla
Date
19 September 2017 (2017-09-19)
Origin time
18:14:39 UTC
Duration
Strong shaking for about 20 seconds
Magnitude
7.1 (Mw)
Depth
51.0 km (32 mi)
Epicenter
18°35′02″N 98°23′56″W / 18.584°N 98.399°W / 18.584; -98.399Coordinates: 18°35′02″N 98°23′56″W / 18.584°N 98.399°W / 18.584; -98.399
Type
Dip-slip (intraplate)
Max. intensity
VIII (Severe)
Aftershocks
39 (as of 12:30 23 September 2017 CDT)[1]
Casualties
370 dead, 6,011 injured
The 2017 Central Mexico earthquake struck at 13:14 CDT (18:14 UTC) on 19 September 2017 with an estimated magnitude of Mw 7.1 and strong shaking for about 20 seconds. Its epicenter was about 55 km (34 mi) south of the city of Puebla. The earthquake caused damage in the Mexican states of Puebla and Morelos and in the Greater Mexico City area, including the collapse of more than 40 buildings.[2][3][4] 370 people were killed by the earthquake and related building collapses, including 228 in Mexico City,[5][6] and more than 6,000 were injured.[7]
The quake coincidentally occurred on the 32nd anniversary of the 1985 Mexico City earthquake, which killed around 10,000 people. The 1985 quake was commemorated, and a national earthquake drill was held, at 11 a.m. local time, just two hours before the 2017 earthquake.[8][9] Twelve days earlier, the even larger 2017 Chiapas earthquake struck 650 km (400 mi) away, off the coast of the state of Chiapas.[10]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Earthquake
3 Casualties
4 Damage and aftermath
4.1 International response
5 Aftershocks
6 Gallery
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Background[edit]
Tectonic plates of Mexico. Visible in the image is most of the North American continent, along with Central America. Mexico is located in the lower middle part of the picture, to the right of the Cocos plate.
Mexico is one of the world's most seismically active regions, sitting atop several intersecting tectonic plates. The border between the Cocos Plate and North American Plate, along the Pacific Coast of Mexico, creates a subduction zone that generates large seismic events.[2] Activity along the edges of the Rivera and Caribbean plates also generate seismic events. All together, these seismic forces cause an average of 40 earthquakes a day in Mexico.[11]
Mexico City is built on a dry lakebed with soft soil made up of sand and clay, which amplifies the destruction that major earthquakes cause.[12] Loose sediments near the surface slow the shockwaves' speed from 1.5 miles (2,414m) per second (8690.4 km/h) to roughly 150 feet (45,72m) per second (164.592 km/h).[13] This increases the shockwaves' amplitude, which causes more violent shaking. Deeper and denser soil layers increase amplified shockwaves' destructive duration.[13]
Less than two weeks before the Puebla earthquake, Mexico had been struck by an earthquake in Chiapas on 7 September, which killed almost 100 people. Despite its close timing, the Puebla earthquake was not an aftershock of the Chiapas event, as the epicenters were 650 km (400 mi) apart.[14]
The possibility of a link between the earthquakes was being investigated in the days after the second one. Big earthquakes can increase the long-term risk of seismic activity by transferring "static stress" to adjacent faults, but only at a distance of up to four times the length of the original rupture. In 19 September earthquake, static stress transfer was considered unlikely due to the distance between the earthquakes, in excess of the expected 400 km maximum. "Dynamic triggering", with seismic waves propagating from one quake affecting other faults, may operate at much longer distances, but usually happens within hours or a few days of the triggering quake; a 12-day gap is hard to explain.[15]
19 September is designated as a day of remembrance for the 1985 Mexico City earthquake, which killed approximately 10,000 civilians. Every year at 11 a.m., a national earthquake drill is conducted by the government through the use of public loudspeakers located throughout Mexico City.[16] The 2017 drill took place as scheduled, at 11 a.m., around two hours before the central Mexico earthquake.[9][17]
Earthquake[edit]
Play media
Video after the earthquake in Mexico City
According to the National Seismological Service (SSN) of Mexico, the epicenter was located 12 km (7.5 mi) southeast of Axochiapan, Morelos, and 120 km (75 mi) from Mexico City.[11] The earthquake was measured at a magnitude of 7.1, occurring at 13:14:40 Central Daylight Time, at a depth of 51 km (32 mi).[11] The United States Geological Survey (USGS) placed the epicenter 5 km (3.1 mi) ENE of San Juan Raboso and reported a measurement of VIII (Severe) on the Mercalli intensity scale;[2] While there was a report of strong shaking for about one minute, which is a long time for an earthquake,[18] acceleration/velocity/displacement seismograms at UNAM showed about 20 seconds of strong shaking with a period of ≈1 second.[19] SSN reported a peak ground acceleration of 112 cm/s2 (0.114 g0) at the Popocatépetl reporting station in Tlamacas, Estado de México.[11] According to the USGS, the earthquake occurred on a moderately dipping normal fault.[2]
According to the bulletin of Mexico's SASMEX earthquake warning system, 20 seconds' advance warning was given in Mexico City;[20] however the general experience in the capital was that the alarm and cellphone alerts started only a few seconds before, or during the quake.[21][22][23][24] Some residents reportedly mistook the alert for a continuation of the earlier drill.[25] 25 of the early-warning seismic sensors detected the earthquake, and alerts were also provided to Oaxaca, Acapulco, Chilpancingo, and Puebla, with lead times stated to range from 12 to 48 seconds.
Casualties[edit]
Deaths as of 2 October 2017[update]
State
Deaths
Ref
Guerrero 6 [26]
Morelos 75 [26]
Oaxaca 1 [26]
Puebla 46 [26]
State of Mexico 15 [26]
Mexico City 228 [26]
Totals:
370
[26]
Nine days after the earthquake, at least 361 people had been reported killed.[27][26] At least 74 people were killed in the state of Morelos, 220 in Mexico City, 45 in Puebla, 13 in the State of Mexico, 6 in the state of Guerrero and one in the state of Oaxaca.[27][28][26] In Mexico City, the bodies of 26 students and four instructors were pulled from the rubble of the Enrique C. Rébsamen school; 30 students and 8 adults were still unaccounted for as of the evening of 19 September[update].[29][30] The Mexico City campus of the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education suffered damage, with at least 5 people killed and 40 injured.[31]
More than 6,000 people had been reported injured by the day after the earthquake, with more than 300 confirmed dead[32] as Mexico earthquake rescue efforts continue.
On 1 October the number of people known to have been killed was stated to be 361,[26] with more than 4,500 injured. By place, 220 were killed in Mexico City, 74 in the state of Morelos, 45 in Puebla, 15 in Mexico State, six in Guerrero, and one in Oaxaca.[33]
An investigation published in October 2017 revealed that since 2012 there had been over 6,000 complaints about construction violations in Mexico City, with no public record of how many were followed up. Many of the buildings complained about collapsed in the 19 September earthquake. After the earthquake the Urban Development and Housing Secretariat (Seduvi) did not respond to requests for information on responses to complaints. Local activists called the construction system totally corrupt, and said that some developers circumvent building regulations, and city authorities frequently ignore complaints.[34]
Damage and aftermath[edit]
In Puebla, church steeples had toppled in the city of Cholula,[35] and a church on the slopes of Popocatépetl in Atzitzihuacan collapsed during mass, killing 15 people.[35] A second church, which was built in the 17th century, fell in Atzala during a baptism, killing 11 people including the baby.[36]
At least 44 buildings collapsed in Mexico City due to the earthquake, trapping people inside, creating large plumes of dust, and starting fires.[35] At least 50 to 60 people were rescued by emergency workers and citizens.[28][37][28] Several buildings caught fire.[38] Condesa, Roma and del Valle neighbourhoods were among those most affected in the zone: a building located on Álvaro Obregón Avenue collapsed, and several buildings on Ámsterdam Avenue suffered damage.[39][40][41]
Gas leaks were reported, along with "piles" of rubble from collapsed buildings.[37] Stock prices declined at the Mexico Stock Exchange but recovered before trading was suspended.[42] Comisión Federal de Electricidad, the national electric utility, reported that 4.78 million customers lost power in Guerrero, Morelos, Puebla, State of Mexico, Oaxaca, Tlaxcala, and parts of Mexico City—roughly 35% of the company's customers in those states. However, none of the generating stations in the region sustained structural damage.[43]
Mexico City International Airport suspended operations while damage assessments took place, but reopened at 4:00 p.m. CDT (2100 UTC). 180 flights were cancelled or diverted during the closure.[44][3][45] A plane carrying President Enrique Peña Nieto, returning from touring damage in Oaxaca from the earlier Chiapas earthquake, was diverted to Santa Lucía Air Force Base.[46] Mexico City Metro service was temporarily cancelled on several subway lines due to a power failure, but restored by 17:30, offering free service to stranded passengers.[47] Building evacuations also caused delays to Metrobús service in the city.[48]
The federal Secretariat of the Interior (SEGOB) declared a state of emergency for all 33 municipalities of Morelos,[49] for all 16 boroughs of Mexico City,[50] and 112 of the 217 municipalities of Puebla.[51] The declarations allow funds from the National Natural Disaster Fund (FONDEN) to be used during the emergency response phase.[49][50][51] The Mexican Army and Mexican Navy deployed 3,000 active-duty troops to Mexico City through the DN-III-E and Plan Marina emergency response plans. The troops were tasked with debris cleanup, search and rescue, and security missions. Additionally, the Secretariat of National Defence moved eight helicopters to Mexico City, and activated 3 shelters in the affected areas.[52]
A damage survey by American structural engineers revealed that a number of collapsed buildings had been erected in the 1960s and 1970s with unreinforced masonry walls confined by non-ductile concrete frames.[53]
All Round of 16 matches of the Copa MX, an association football cup competition, were suspended until further notice.[54]
The hashtag #FuerzaMéxico (Be strong, Mexico) was used on social media outlets.[55]
International response[edit]
The Israel Defense Forces sent a group of 71 search and rescue soldiers[56] including engineers, to help in the aftermath of the earthquake. The contingent had special dispensation to travel during the Rosh Hashanah holiday, normally forbidden under religious law.[57]
The Japan International Cooperation Agency sent a disaster relief team of 72 search-and-rescue personnel, four search dogs and five tons of equipment with personnel from the Japan Disaster Relief Team, Tokyo Fire Department and the Tokyo Metropolitan Police's SAR officers.[58] The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the country remarked that it was a show of thanks, as Mexico had sent a search team to help Japan during the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.[59]
Turkish state aid agency TİKA sent humanitarian aid – including packages containing hygienic and medical supplies prepared in coordination with the Mexican Red Cross – to Mexico City and Xochimilco.[60] TIKA also provided tools and equipment to be used in search-and-rescue efforts.[60]
US President Donald Trump called Peña Nieto to offer condolences, while the White House has offered search and rescue assistance.[61] The U.S. Agency for International Development deployed an urban search and rescue team from the Los Angeles County Fire Department and experts from the Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance to the affected regions.[62]
Aftershocks[edit]
2017 Central Mexico earthquake and aftershocks
Graph of earthquakes by magnitude
Map of earthquakes as of 22 September
Red mark indicates the mainshock
Number of aftershocks
Gallery[edit]
Collapsed building in Mexico City
President Peña Nieto addresses the media
Volunteers and rescuers working at collapsed building at Colonia Roma, Mexico City.
Volunteers and rescuers working at a collapsed warehouse, colonia Obrera, Mexico City.
Volunteers moving debris at Colonia Obrera, Mexico City
Crumbled sidewalk outside a Hilton hotel, Mexico City.
See also[edit]
List of earthquakes in 2017
List of earthquakes in Mexico
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Sismologico Nacional [@SismologicoMX] (23 September 2017). "Réplicas hasta las 12:30 hrs del 23/09/2017" (Tweet) (in Spanish) – via Twitter.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "M 7.1 – 5km ENE of Raboso, Mexico". United States Geological Survey. 19 September 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Almasy, Steve; Simon, Darran (19 September 2017). "Central Mexico earthquake kills dozens, topples buildings". CNN. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Mueren 4 tras sismo; caen 29 edificios" [4 die in earthquake after 29 buildings fall]. Reforma (in Spanish). 19 September 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Recuperan cuerpo de última víctima del terremoto en México". AP News. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Asciende a 46 la cifra de muertos por sismo: fallece mujer originaria de Atlixco". www.diariocambio.com.mx (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Reporta Ssa 51 lesionados graves – Independiente de Hidalgo". Independiente de Hidalgo (in Spanish). 28 September 2017. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Powerful Earthquake Shakes Mexico On 32nd Anniversary Of Deadly Temblor". NPR. 19 September 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Starkes Erdbeben erschüttert Mexiko" [Strong earthquake shakes Mexico]. Tagesschau (in German). 19 September 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Latest: Death toll rises to 226 from Mexico earthquake". Associated Press. 20 September 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Sismo del día 19 de Septiembre de 2017, Puebla-Morelos (M 7.1)" [Earthquake of 19 September 2017, Puebla-Morelos (M 7.1)] (PDF) (in Spanish). National Seismological Service. 19 September 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Grad, Shelby; Lin II, Rong-Gong (19 September 2017). "Mexico City's notoriously soft soil probably contributed to destruction from 7.1 earthquake". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Watkins, Derek; White, Jeremy (22 September 2017). "Mexico City Was Built on an Ancient Lake Bed. That Makes Earthquakes Much Worse". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Latest: Seismologist: Mexico's 7.1 quake not aftershock". Associated Press. 19 September 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Witze, Alexandra (20 September 2017). "Pair of deadly Mexico quakes puzzles scientists". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2017.22650. ISSN 1476-4687.
Jump up ^ "Millions of Mexicans commemorate 1985 quake with drill". Madrid: EFE. 20 September 2016. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Partlow, Joshua (19 September 2017). "Strong earthquake shakes Mexico, killing at least 40 people". The Washington Post. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Deadly earthquake in the Puebla region, Mexico – at least 226 fatalities – September 19, 2017". Earthquake-Report.com. 20 September 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2017. As @NTelevisaPuebla reports, the strong shaking lasted for approx. 1 minute and that's a very long time. The longer strong shaking lasts, the more damage will be inflicted! Page added to frequently.
Jump up ^ "IRIS: Special Event: Central Mexico". IRIS – Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology. 20 September 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2017. Frequently updated.
Jump up ^ "BOLETÍN DEL SISTEMA DE ALERTA SÍSMICA MEXICANO (SASMEX), 19 September 2017 at 13:15:04" [SASMEX Bulletin]. Centro de Insrumentación y Registro Sísmico a.c. (in Spanish). 19 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Alarma sísmica sonó cuando ya temblaba en CDMX, te explicamos la razón, 20 September 2017 at 12:17:00" [Alarma sísmica sonó cuando ya temblaba en CDMX, te explicamos la razón]. El Grafico (in Spanish). 20 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Te explicamos por qué no sonó la alerta sísmica, 20 September 2017 at 04:47:00" [Te explicamos por qué no sonó la alerta sísmica]. UnoTV (in Spanish). 20 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "¿Por qué no sonó la alarma sísmica en México?, 21 September 2017 at 20:12:00" [¿Por qué no sonó la alarma sísmica en México?]. CHISPA (in Spanish). 21 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Primero tembló y después se escuchó la alarma sísmica, 20 September 2017 at 20:12:00" [Primero tembló y después se escuchó la alarma sísmica]. BASTA (in Spanish). 20 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Are Mexico's two September earthquakes connected? – BBC News". BBC. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Puente, Luis Felipe [@LUISFELIPE_P] (1 October 2017). "#Actualización" (Tweet) (in Spanish) – via Twitter.
^ Jump up to: a b Argen, David (19 September 2017). "Mexico earthquake: more than 60 dead as powerful tremor hits southern region". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Stevenson, Mark; Sherman, Christopher; Orsi, Peter (19 September 2017). "149 killed as 7.1 magnitude quake fells buildings in Mexico". Associated Press. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Vargas, Rosa Elvira (19 September 2017). "Confirma EPN recuperación de 22 cuerpos en colegio Enrique C. Rébsamen" [EPN confirms recovery of 22 bodies in Enrique C. Rébsamen school]. La Jornada (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Hay 26 niños fallecidos y 30 desaparecidos en derrumbe de escuela Rébsamen: Peña Nieto" [Peña Nieto: 26 children dead and 30 missing in collapse of Rébsamen school]. El Universal (in Spanish). 19 September 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Sánchez Jiménez, Arturo (20 September 2017). "Cinco muertos y 40 heridos en el Tec de Monterrey" [Five dead and 40 wounded at Tec de Monterrey]. La Jornada (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 September 2017.
Jump up ^ https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/death-toll-mexico-quake-rises-293-search-survivors-continues-n804051
Jump up ^ Notimex (30 September 2017). "Actualizan cifra, 360 decesos en el país por sismo del 19 de septiembre" [Figure updated, 360 deaths in the country due to the earthquake of 19 September]. Enfoque Noticias (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Martha Pskowski and David Adler (13 October 2017). "6,000 complaints ... then the quake: the scandal behind Mexico City's 225 dead". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 October 2017. Article has many examples of violations of building codes, followed by buildings collapsing in the earthquake; for example a collapsed six-storey building that had been constructed on the foundations of a previous two-storey building.
^ Jump up to: a b c Henderson, Barney; Horton, Helena; Strange, Hannah (20 September 2017). "Mexico City earthquake: More than 225 dead as buildings reduced to rubble". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Deadly quake rocks Mexico". BBC News. 20 September 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Semple, Kirk; Malkin, Elisabeth; Villegas, Paulina (19 September 2017). "Powerful Earthquake Strikes Mexico, Killing Dozens". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "At least 134 dead after magnitude 7.1 earthquake hits Mexico". CBC News. Associated Press. 19 September 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Era horrible, todo temblaba'" ['It was horrible, everything trembled']. El País (in Spanish). 19 September 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Lafuente, Javier (20 September 2017). "Más de 220 muertos por un fuerte terremoto en México" [More than 220 dead by a strong earthquake in Mexico]. El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Villalobos, Areli (19 September 2017). "Rescatan a 10 personas de un edificio colapsado en Álvaro Obregón 286, colonia Roma" [10 people are rescued from a collapsed building in Álvaro Obregón 286, colony Roma]. Proceso (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Imbert, Fred (19 September 2017). "Mexico stocks fall and then are halted after earthquake shakes buildings in Mexico City". CNBC. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sismo Afecta Suministro Eléctrico A Más De 4.8 Millones De Hogares Y Comercios En El Valle De México, Morelos, Puebla, Oaxaca, Guerrero Y Tlaxcala" [Sismo Affects Electrical Supply to More Than 4.8 Million Homes and Businesses in the Valley of Mexico, Morelos, Puebla, Oaxaca, Guerrero and Tlaxcala] (in Spanish). Comisión Federal de Electricidad. 20 September 2017. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Vásquez, Azucena (19 September 2017). "Afecta sismo a 180 vuelos en AICM" [Earthquake affects 180 flights to AICM] (in Spanish). Reforma. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Linthicum, Kate; Lin II, Rong-Gong; Zavis, Alexandra (19 September 2017). "At least 79 killed as powerful 7.1 earthquake strikes central Mexico". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Elizalde, Elizabeth (19 September 2017). "Powerful 7.1 magnitude quake rocks Mexico City, kills at least 55". Daily News. New York. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Metro de la CDMX ofrece servicio gratuito tras sismo" [CDMX Metro offers free service after earthquake]. Canal44 (in Spanish). 19 September 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Servicio de Metro, Metrobús y Mexibús afectados tras sismo" [Metro, Metrobús and Mexibús service affected after earthquake]. El Universal (in Spanish). 19 September 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "La SEGOB declara Emergencia Extraordinaria para 33 municipios del estado de Morelos, por la ocurrencia de sismo de magnitud 7.1" [SEGOB declares Extraordinary Emergency for 33 municipalities of the state of Morelos, due to the occurrence of earthquake of magnitude 7.1] (in Spanish). Secretaría de Gobernación. 19 September 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "La Secretaría de Gobernación declara Emergencia Extraordinaria para la Ciudad de México, por la ocurrencia de sismo de magnitud 7.1" [The Ministry of the Interior declares Extraordinary Emergency for the City of Mexico, due to the occurrence of earthquake of magnitude 7.1] (in Spanish). Secretaría de Gobernación. 19 September 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "La SEGOB declara Emergencia Extraordinaria para 112 municipios del estado de Puebla, por la ocurrencia de sismo de magnitud 7.1" [The SEGOB declares Extraordinary Emergency for 112 municipalities of the state of Puebla, due to the occurrence of earthquake of magnitude 7.1] (in Spanish). Secretaría de Gobernación. 19 September 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Jiménez, Benito (19 September 2017). "Activan Plan DN-III en CDMX tras sismo" [Plan DN-III activated in CDMX after earthquake]. Reforma (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Minnick, Benjamin (November 6, 2017). "What can Seattle area learn from Mexico City's quake experience?". Seattle Daily Journal of Commerce. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Copa MX anuncia postergación de octavos de final" [Copa MX announces postponement of Round of 16] (in Spanish). ESPN Deportes. 19 September 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Willingham, AJ; Santiago, Cassandra; Valdez, Gustavo. "In a collapsed Mexico school, a community digs for signs of life". CNN. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
Jump up ^ IDF team heads home as Mexico quake rescue mission ends By STUART WINER and AP, 28 September 2017
Jump up ^ Ari Gross, Judah (20 September 2017). "IDF to send 50-person delegation to earthquake-hit Mexico". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
Jump up ^ https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20170921_18/
Jump up ^ Velázquez, Iris (21 September 2017). "Arriban rescatistas japoneses a México" (in Spanish). Reforma. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Anadolu Agency (21 September 2017). "Turkey sends aid to 'quake-hit Mexico". World Bulletin. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "230 confirmed dead as Mexico earthquake rescue efforts continue – as it happened". The Guardian. 21 September 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
Jump up ^ McCleskey, Clayton (20 September 2017). "USAID Deploys Disaster Assistance Team for Earthquake in Mexico". U.S. Agency for International Development. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2017 Puebla earthquake.
International Seismological Centre Event #610994335 – Full technical details.
Why Mexico City is so vulnerable to earthquakes – CNN
A Shock WIthout Aftershocks – Berkeley Seismological Laboratory
The Strange Tectonic Coincidence of Mexico’s September Earthquakes – The New Yorker
Chiapas and Puebla, Mexico, Earthquakes: Chain Reaction or Coincidence? – Temblor, Inc.
[show]
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← Earthquakes in 2017
January
Tripura, India (5.7, January 3)
Amatrice, Italy (5.7, January 18) †
Bougainville, Papua New Guinea (7.9, January 22)
February
Uttarakhand, India (5.1, February 6)
Surigao del Norte, Philippines (6.5, February 10)
April
Central, Botswana (6.5, April 3)
Batangas, Philippines
5.1, April 4
5.9, April 8
June
Lesbos, Greece
6.3, June 12
July
Leyte, Philippines
6.5, July 6
Aegean Sea
6.6, July 20
August
Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan, China
6.5, August 8
Jinghe, Xinjiang, China
6.3, August 8
Ischia, Italy
4.2, August 21
September
Chiapas, Mexico (8.1, September 8) †
Central Mexico (7.1, September 19) †
November
Kermanshah, Iran (7.3, November 12) † ‡
Jacó, Costa Rica (6.5, November 13)
Pohang, South Korea (5.4, November 15)
December
Java, Indonesia (6.5, December 15)
† indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths
‡ indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year
Dates for all earthquakes are in UTC
[show]
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Earthquakes in Mexico
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Large-signal model
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2007) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Large-signal modeling is a common analysis method used in electronics engineering to describe nonlinear devices in terms of the underlying nonlinear equations. In circuits containing nonlinear elements such as transistors, diodes, and vacuum tubes, under "large signal conditions", AC signals have high enough magnitude that nonlinear effects must be considered.
"Large signal" is the opposite of "small signal", which means that the circuit can be reduced to a linearized equivalent circuit around its operating point with sufficient accuracy.
Differences between Small Signal and Large Signal[edit]
A small signal model takes a circuit and based on an operating point (bias) and linearizes all the components. Nothing changes because the assumption is that the signal is so small that the operating point (gain, capacitance, etc.) doesn't change.
A large signal model, on the other hand, takes into account the fact that the large signal actually affects the operating point, as well as that elements are non-linear and circuits can be limited by power supply values. A small signal model ignores simultaneous variations in the gain and supply values.
See also[edit]
Diode modelling
Transistor models#Large-signal nonlinear models
This electronics-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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