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The Drew Carey Show
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The Drew Carey Show
Genre
Sitcom
Created by
Drew Carey
Bruce Helford
Starring
Drew Carey
Diedrich Bader
Ryan Stiles
Christa Miller
Kathy Kinney
Craig Ferguson
John Carroll Lynch
Cynthia Watros
Opening theme
"Moon Over Parma"
(1995–1996, 2002–2004)
"Five O'Clock World" performed by The Vogues
(1996–1997, 2002–2004)
"Cleveland Rocks" performed by The Presidents of the United States of America
(1997–2004)
Composer(s)
W. G. Snuffy Walden
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
9
No. of episodes
233 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Bruce Helford (entire run)
Drew Carey
Deborah Oppenheimer (both; seasons 4–9)
Clay Graham
(seasons 4–5 and 7–9)
Richard Day (season 4)
Bruce Rasmussen
(seasons 6–9)
Robert Borden (early season 6)
Holly Hester (mid-late season 6)
Les Firestein (seasons 6–9)
Mike Teverbaugh
(seasons 7–8)
David A. Caplan
Dan O'Keefe (both; seasons 8–9)
Camera setup
Film;
Multi-camera (Seasons 1–8),
Single-camera (Season 9)
Running time
22 minutes
Production company(s)
Mohawk Productions
Warner Bros. Television
Distributor
Warner Bros. Television Distribution
Release
Original network
ABC
Picture format
480i (SDTV; entire run)
720p (HDTV; seasons 7–9)
Original release
September 13, 1995 (1995-09-13) – September 8, 2004 (2004-09-08)
The Drew Carey Show is an American sitcom that aired on ABC from 1995 to 2004, and was set in Cleveland, Ohio, and revolved around the retail office and home life of "everyman" Drew Carey, a fictionalized version of the actor.[1]
The show was created by Carey, who had both stand-up comedy and writing experience, and Bruce Helford, who was once a writer for Roseanne. It was the first television show to have an episode simulcast on the Internet.[2]
Produced by Mohawk Productions in association with Warner Bros. Television, it debuted on September 13, 1995, and ranked among the Top 30 programs for four seasons before sliding in popularity. Ratings declined sharply during the final two seasons, and the last two episodes aired on September 8, 2004.
Contents
[hide]
1 Premise
2 Synopsis
2.1 Season 1 (1995–1996)
2.2 Seasons 2–7 (1996–2002)
2.3 Seasons 8–9 (2002–2004)
2.4 Post-series
3 Cast and characters
3.1 Main characters
3.2 Recurring characters
3.3 Regular guest stars
3.4 Guest stars
3.5 Special appearances
4 Episodes
4.1 Ratings
4.2 Viva Las Vegas
5 Syndication
6 Merchandise
7 DVD releases
8 References
9 External links
Premise[edit]
Drew Carey is a fictionalized version of himself, a self-proclaimed "everyman".[3] Drew Carey (the actor) has been quoted as saying his character is what the actor would have been if he had not become an actor. He has a "gang" of friends who embark with him on his everyday trials and tribulations. Drew's friends include erudite but unambitious Lewis (Ryan Stiles), excitable dimwitted Oswald (Diedrich Bader) and his friend (later on-off girlfriend) Kate (Christa Miller). In the final two seasons, Kate gets married and moves to Guam, in the same two-part episode that introduces and develops Drew's relationship with Kellie (Cynthia Watros), which carries on over the final two seasons.
For its first seven seasons, Drew's workplace is the office of fictional Cleveland department store Winfred-Louder, where he has worked for years and still works as Assistant Director of Personnel. One of his coworkers is Mimi Bobeck (Kathy Kinney), a large woman with a clownish wardrobe, a lot of make-up (including her trademark bright blue eye shadow), and a foul mutual dislike for Drew. The two eventually become closer (although still maintaining a less heated rivalry), primarily because Mimi fell in love with and married Drew's cross-dressing heterosexual brother Steve (John Carroll Lynch), a frequently recurring character.
In the first season they work for the unseen Mr. Bell (Kevin Pollak), only seen in the season one finale, to which he is greeted with applause; in later seasons, their boss and sometimes-co-worker is Nigel Wick (Craig Ferguson), an eccentric, sadistic and unlucky Englishman. In the final two seasons, they work for peaceful, hippie-like Evan (Kyle Howard) and the much more professional Scott (Jonathan Mangum), tech-smart but naïve twenty-somethings who own the Neverending Store, an online retailer with offices in the same location.
In addition to his day job, Drew, along with Oswald, Lewis, and Kate (replaced from around Season 5 onwards by Mimi), runs a small business out of his garage, selling Buzz Beer, a caffeinated alcoholic drink. It becomes popular in the region and is sold at the group's hangout, The Warsaw Tavern.
Synopsis[edit]
Season 1 (1995–1996)[edit]
The first season's opening credits consisted of a caricature of Carey—consisting of his face and a yellow tie—singing the Robert McGuire-penned "Moon Over Parma". The song was trimmed for the opening sequence, and the reference to Eastlake in the line "Guide her to Eastlake underneath your silvery light" was changed to a reference to Cleveland to stay in theme with the show.
In the first season, Drew and Mimi worked under Mr. Bell, who existed only as a voice on Drew's speakerphone, excluding the season finale (his final episode) wherein he is fired by Winfred-Louder's new owners. Other characters that appeared exclusively in this period were Drew's hillbilly neighbor Jules and his family. Drew's first girlfriend Lisa was introduced in this season, as was Jay, Kate's love interest who used to attend the same high school as Drew and his friends. Both characters lasted until Season 2, where they were quickly written out of the show in the early episodes.
Nine of the episode titles were related to chemistry in some way, with names such as "The Joining of Two Unlike Elements Is a Mixture" and "Isomers Have Distinct Characteristics". However, this theme was abandoned by the end of the season.
Seasons 2–7 (1996–2002)[edit]
"Moon Over Parma" was phased out during the second season by "Five O'Clock World" sung by The Vogues. This season introduced openings that paid homage to music videos which included the cast dancing and singing around the various sets of the show. In the third season, yet another change was made to "Cleveland Rocks", a cover of an Ian Hunter song performed by The Presidents of the United States of America. This change lasted until the second "wave" of the show ended, with the finale of Season 7.
The man who took over Mr. Bell's job after his firing was Nigel Wick, who served as a foil for both Drew and Mimi in the workplace. During this period, Drew and Mr. Wick also periodically took the top management job away from each other. This would usually result in Drew ending up back at his old job as Assistant Director of Personnel and Mr. Wick would miraculously retain his job as manager. By the end of Season 7, they were both Co-Managers before Winfred-Louder was closed down (albeit after undergoing drastic changes to stay in business).
Kate and Oswald became closer and eventually became romantically involved and almost married during the third season, but Kate stood Oswald up at the altar. Kate and Drew also became romantically involved and were on the verge of getting married, but they called it off when they realized they didn't feel the same about the prospect of children. Drew's cross-dressing brother Steve was introduced during this period. He eventually fell in love with Mimi and they had a child together, Gus (whose name was decided by means of a contest).
Drew also got married a number of times during this portion of the show. His first marriage was to Diane, a cocktail waitress in Las Vegas. This was only temporary however, as she needed Drew to retain custody of her children. His second marriage was to Mr. Wick, who forced Drew to marry him in a sham same-sex civil union in Vermont (the only place it was legal at the time) in hopes that the marriage would placate the Immigration and Naturalization Service. At the beginning of Season 7, Drew married both Nikki and Kate (the former had been a recurring character for some time since Season 3, and suffered from weight problems). They found out about this and all three of these marriages ended in divorce, and Drew became known as the "Impotent Bisexual Bigamist". Nikki eventually returned, and the actress, Kate Walsh, donned a fat suit again and moved in with Drew.
During this period the show also had frequent "event" episodes. Recurring themes were "What's Wrong With This Episode?", in which the show contained numerous deliberate continuity errors and other mistakes and invited viewers at home to find the most errors and win a prize, and live episodes, with loose plots and improvised scenes featuring cast members from Carey's improvisational comedy show Whose Line Is It Anyway? (Brad Sherwood, Wayne Brady, Colin Mochrie, Greg Proops, Chip Esten, Kathy Greenwood, Jeff Davis, Laura Hall, and Linda Taylor) contributed to these episodes, with Brad Sherwood hosting.
Seasons 8–9 (2002–2004)[edit]
Beginning in season 8, the show rotated through 9 different opening sequences, each of which contained a new version of one of the show's three theme songs. Each theme ("Moon Over Parma", "Five O'Clock World" and "Cleveland Rocks") was seen in three different segments, in new, wildly different arrangements. The show eventually went back to having just five main characters, akin to the first season, as Kate, Mr. Wick, and Steve were eventually written out of the show. Kate's character was married off, Mr. Wick disappeared after three appearances until the Season 8 finale, wherein it is revealed he became a weatherman (although he continued to appear in the opening credits, unlike Kate, who was eliminated completely, and never mentioned again.) Steve left at the beginning of the ninth season to "find himself".
With Winfred-Louder closed, the location became the office of online retailer Neverending Store. Drew, Mimi, and Mr. Wick were hired as employees of the new company. Mimi was hired first in a similar role to her old job, and Drew was eventually hired as "Internal Expediting Analyst", and a recurring gag began wherein Drew had no clue as to what his job entailed. Before being written out, Mr. Wick was at first a janitor, and another recurring joke came in the form of Mr. Wick attempting to climb the ladder back to being the boss. Before being written out, he went from janitor to the carrier of the dessert trolley.
Kate left after the first two episodes of season 8, the same two episodes that introduced Kellie, an old high school friend of Drew's who had been working as a stripper. She eventually became a waitress at The Warsaw Tavern, Drew's girlfriend, and the carrier of his child. The plot of the final episode was Drew and Kellie attempting to get married before their child is born. Mr. Wick also returned and stayed on for the series finale.
The show began featuring cameos from reality-TV participants in the final two seasons, such as former Road Rules star Timmy Beggy, The Real World alumna Cara Khan, and The Amazing Race winner Reichen Lehmkuhl. Tony the Bus Driver (Bill Cobbs) became a regular, serving as smart-alecky "bartender" type to whom Drew could tell his problems. The eighth season was put in a timeslot that frequently clashed with Monday Night Football. It was pulled mid-season and the remaining episodes were shown during the summer of 2003. The ninth season did not air until the summer of 2004, with most of the episodes out of order.
The last season's tone changed radically from the previous seasons. The directors began experimenting with one-camera set-ups, showing the sets completely built, with four walls in most rooms, and with rooms actually linked together. The writers also began experimenting, including story lines in which Gus burns down Mimi's house, forcing her to move in with Drew after Steve leaves her.
Post-series[edit]
On March 24, 2009, Kathy Kinney appeared in character as Mimi at the beginning of The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson. Kinney appeared twice on The Price Is Right as Mimi Bobeck on April Fools' Day. Drew Carey has been the host of the show since 2007.[4] Carey would later revive the "What's Wrong with This Episode?" format for later April Fool's Day episodes of The Price Is Right.[citation needed]
At the end of the final episode of The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson on December 19, 2014, Ferguson woke up, revealing that the entire show was a dream of Mr. Wick's.[5] Drew Carey reprised his role (the two were in bed together, as in the final episode of Newhart) and was surprised that, in Wick's dream, he had somehow lost weight and become a game show host.[5]
Cast and characters[edit]
Main article: List of The Drew Carey Show characters
Main characters[edit]
Actor
Character
Role
Years
Seasons
Episodes
Drew Carey Drew Allison Carey Assistant Director of Personnel 1995–2004 1–9 233
Diedrich Bader Oswald Lee Harvey Delivery Man/Trainee Nurse 1995–2004 1–9 233
Kathy Kinney Mimi Bobeck P.A./Floor Manager 1995–2004 1–9 232
Ryan Stiles Lewis Kiniski Janitor at DrugCo. 1995–2004 1–9 224
Christa Miller Kate O'Brien Cosmetic Saleswoman/Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 1995–2002 1–7 (Starring), 8 (Starring, 2 Episodes) 184
Craig Ferguson Nigel Algernon Wick Drew's boss 1996–2003, 2004 2–8 (Starring), 9 (2 Episodes) 170
John Carroll Lynch Steve Carey Cosmetics Salesman/Stay-At-Home Husband 1998–2004 3–5 (Recurring), 6–8 (Starring), 9 (Guest) 73
Cynthia Watros Kellie Newmark Waitress 2002–2004 8–9 52
Recurring characters[edit]
Actor
Character
Role
Years
Seasons
Episodes
Ian Gomez Larry Almada Worked at Winfred-Louder/Matchmaker 1995–1999, 2002–2004 1–4, 8–9 38
Jane Morris Nora Co-worker at Winfred-Louder 1995–2002, 2004 1–2, 4–5, 7, 9 14
Nan Martin Mrs. Louder Owner of Winfred-Louder 1995–2000 1–5 25
Kelly Perine Chuck Security Guard 1995–2000 1–2, 4-5 17
Robert Torti Jay Clemens Kate' boyfriend/High-School friend 1995–1997, 1999–2001 1–2, 5–6 15
Kate Walsh Nikki Fifer Drew's girlfriend 1997–1999, 2001–2003 3–4, 7–8 21
Jenica Bergere Sharon Bridges Handywoman/Drew's girlfriend 1997–2000 3–5 11
Katy Selverstone Lisa Robbins Drew's girlfriend 1995–1997 1–2 16
Bill Cobbs Tony Bus driver 2002–2004 8–9 9
Jonathan Mangum Scott Drew's boss 2002–2004 8–9 18
Kyle Howard Evan Drew's boss 2002–2004 8–9 14
Kaitlin Olson Traylor Works at Neverendingstore.com 2002–2004 8–9 14
Speedy Speedy The Dog Lisa/Drew's Dog 1996–2003 2–8 41
Tim O'Rourke Tim Bartender at The Warsaw Tavern 1995–2004 1–9 11
Regular guest stars[edit]
Beulah Carey (Marion Ross) – Drew's mother
George Carey (Stanley Anderson) – Drew's father
Kim Harvey (Adrienne Barbeau) – Oswald's mother
Mother Bobeck (Tammy Faye Bakker) – Mimi's mother
Gigi Bobeck (Lynn Wanlass) – Mimi's sister
King Augustus Antonio Carey (Dakota and Ryan Williams) – Drew's nephew, Steve and Mimi's son
Misty Kiniski (June Lockhart) – Lewis's mother
Guest stars[edit]
Nikki Cox as Drew's cousin Kirsten Carey, who briefly dates Mr. Wick in "Drew's Cousin".
Shirley Jones as Drew's lady friend Celia (Season 4, 3 episodes)
Caroline Rhea as Drew's date, Bonnie, (Season 2, 2 episodes)
Pauley Perrette as Drew's girlfriend, Darcy (Season 4, 4 episodes)
Dan Castellaneta as Sal, the King of Poland in "Two Drews and the Queen of Poland Walk into A Bar" (all of his scenes were cut from reruns after complaints from the Polish community)
Hal Linden as Mr. Van Zandt in the episode "Brotherhood of Man" (Season 5)
Mark Curry as Robert Soulard
John Ratzenberger as himself in Drew Live III
Eddie Money as himself, the former husband of Mimi Bobeck
Penn & Teller as Fenn and Geller in "Drew Meets Lawyers" (season 1, episode 6) and "See Drew Run" (season 2, episode 17)
David Cross as Earl in "Drew and the Unstable Element" (season 1, ep.13) and "Two Drews & the Queen of Poland Walk into a Bar" (season 2, ep. 20).
Tim Allen as himself in "The Front" (season 1, episode 17)
Norm Macdonald as Simon Tate in "The Bully You Know" (season 2, episode 4)
Henry Rollins as E-Bay Ass Kicking Guy and Amy Farrington as Bonnie in "Hickory Dickory... Double Date" (season 8, episode 5)
Richard Chamberlain as Mr. Wick's mother, Maggie in "Curse of the Mummy" (season 7, episode 14) and "Look Mom, One Hand!" (season 7, episode 25)
Gregory Jbara as Ron in "Drew and the Conspiracy" (season 4, episode 1) and "Golden Boy" (season 4, episode 3).
Charles Nelson Reilly as Mr. Hathaway, Lewis's boss, in "The Salon" (season 3) and "DrugCo" (season 4)
Joe Walsh as Ed, a guitarist (in several episodes)
French Stewart as Buddy in "Drew's Best Friend" (season 9, episode 10)
Colin Mochrie as Eugene in "She's Gotta Have It", "Drew Live", and "Drew Live II"
Brad Sherwood as himself/host of "Drew Live" and "Drew Live II"
Wayne Brady as himself in "Drew Live" and "Drew Live II"
Greg Proops, Chip Esten and Kathy Greenwood as themselves in "Drew Live II"
Chris Palmer, head coach for the Cleveland Browns
Susan Saint James (Christa Miller's real life aunt) as Kate's mother in "Drew and Kate and Kate's mother".
Jamie Lee Curtis as Sioux in "Playing a Unified Field".
Steve Buscemi as Mimi's lawyer in "Mr. Louder's Birthday Party".
Micky Dolenz as Mr. Metcalf in "Drew and the King" (season 7, episode 13)
Tom Poston as Oswald's father
Beata Pozniak as Raisa in "What Women Don't Want".
Julia Duffy as Lindsey Mercer, Lord Mercer's ex-wife who temporarily takes control of Winfred-Louder in "Rich Woman, Poor Man" (season 7, ep. 23)
Nicholas Turturro as the New York detective in "New York and Queens" (season 2, episode 24).
Mike McShane as Ray in "Drew's Inheritance" (Season 6, Episode 3)
Phyllis Diller as Mimi's grandmother
Megyn Price as Waitress at Warsaw Tavern in "Drew and Mr. Bell's Nephew" (Season 1, Episode 14) and "Miss Right" (Season 1, Episode 2)
Dave Winfield as himself in "Science Names Suck" (Season 1, Episode 10)
Jenny McCarthy as various roles in "Drew Carey's Back-to-School Rock 'n' Roll Comedy Hour" (Season 7, Episodes 1 and 2)
Special appearances[edit]
Donald Trump and Carol Channing as themselves in "New York and Queens" (Season 2, Episode 24).
"Weird Al" Yankovic as himself in "Drew Between the Rock and a Hard Place" (Season 4)
Joe Alaskey as Daffy Duck (Applies at Drew's work place for a job in scene before opening title) in "My Best Friend's Wedding".
Rush Limbaugh as himself in "The Salon" (Season 3)
Triple H as The Disciplinarian, Pro Wrestler Sponsor for Buzz Beer
The Reverend Horton Heat as The Underprivileged in "That Thing You Don't" (Season 3, Episode 10)
Slash, Rick Nielsen, Dusty Hill, Matthew Sweet, Joey Ramone, Lisa Loeb, Dave Mustaine, Roy Clark, Johnny Lang, and Michael Stanley as themselves and Joe Walsh as Ed in "In Ramada Da Vida" (Season 4, Episode 2)
Ben Stein as St. Peter
Lemmy Kilmister and his band Motörhead as themselves in "Drew Gets Out of the Nut House" in Season 7, playing a loud song with altered lyrics from Mimi to apologize for putting Drew in a mental institution.
The James Gang as themselves at the end of Season 4, Episode 4
The Go-Go's as themselves in "The Pregnancy Scare" (season 6, episode 6)
Debbie Lee Carrington as Mini Mimi in Season 5, Episode 1
Kristen Wiig as a realtor in Season 9
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of The Drew Carey Show episodes
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Production
line
Season premiere
Season finale
1 22 September 13, 1995 (1995-09-13) May 8, 1996 (1996-05-08) 4570xx
2 24 September 18, 1996 (1996-09-18) May 14, 1997 (1997-05-14) 4659xx
3 28 September 17, 1997 (1997-09-17) May 20, 1998 (1998-05-20) 4662xx
4 27 September 23, 1998 (1998-09-23) May 26, 1999 (1999-05-26) 4675xx
5 26 September 22, 1999 (1999-09-22) May 17, 2000 (2000-05-17) 2254xx
6 27 October 4, 2000 (2000-10-04) May 23, 2001 (2001-05-23) 2263xx
7 27 September 26, 2001 (2001-09-26) May 22, 2002 (2002-05-22) 2273xx
8 26 September 9, 2002 (2002-09-09) August 27, 2003 (2003-08-27) 2279xx
9 26 June 2, 2004 (2004-06-02) September 8, 2004 (2004-09-08) 1785xx
Ratings[edit]
The show finished its first season (1995–1996) barely in the Top 50, placing 48th in the Nielsen ratings, with an average rating of 10.1. The second season did considerably better, making it into the Top 20 finishing its second season (1996–1997) 18th in the Nielsen ratings with an average rating of 11.5. Viewership increased 13.9% from season one.[citation needed]
The show finished its third season (1997–1998) at a higher place in the ratings, placing 16th with an average rating of 11.1 during the season; however, the ratings share was a drop of 3.5% from the second season. During its fourth season (1998–1999), the series finished the season in the Nielsen ratings higher in the Top 20 making it to 14th place but with an average rating of 9.9, a decrease of 10.8% from the third season.[citation needed]
The show finished its fifth season (1999–2000) 24th in the Nielsen ratings, the first time since season one that the show was not in the Top 20, with an average rating of 9.5, a decrease of 4% from the fourth season. This was a smaller drop than many other series experienced, given the erosion of network audiences. This was also a smaller drop than the previous season. The show's sixth season (2000–2001) finished 41st with an average rating of 8.23, a decrease of 13.4 percent from the fifth season.[citation needed]
ABC signed a new contract to keep the show on through a ninth season, even though the show had yet to enter its seventh season (2001–2002) at that time. The season saw one of the show's biggest drops in ratings, finishing 57th with an average rating of 5.9, a significant drop of 28.3% from the sixth season. The show finished its eighth season (2002–2003) season 119th with an average rating of 3.29, a drop of 44.23 percent from the seventh season. This caused ABC to put the series on hiatus, airing the rest of the season in the summer of 2003. Unable to get out of the contract, ABC was forced to allow the show to film a ninth season, paying three million dollars per episode. Not doing well enough to receive a time slot on ABC's fall schedule in 2003, the show had its ninth and final season burned off during the summer of 2004. The series finale was viewed by a little over 5 million viewers.[citation needed]
Season
Years
Rank
Rating
Season 1 1995–1996 #48 10.1[6]
Season 2 1996–1997 #18 11.5[7]
Season 3 1997–1998 #13 16.7[8]
Season 4 1998–1999 #13 14.9[8]
Season 5 1999–2000 #24 9.5[9]
Season 6 2000–2001 #33 12.7[10]
Season 7 2001–2002 #67 9.1[11]
Season 8 2002–2003 #121 5.2[12]
Season 9 2004 #150 3.1
Viva Las Vegas[edit]
See also: Grace Under Fire § Viva Las Vegas, Coach (TV series) § Viva Las Vegas, and Ellen (TV series) § Viva Las Vegas
The episode "Drew Gets Married" is part of a crossover with Grace Under Fire, Coach and Ellen set in Las Vegas. It features Brett Butler as Grace Kelly, Jerry Van Dyke as Luther Van Damme, Joely Fisher as Paige Clark and Jeremy Piven as Spence Kovak.[citation needed]
Syndication[edit]
The Drew Carey Show entered off-network syndication in September 1999 and continued until September 2007, for example, Philadelphia's The WB station WPHL-TV reran the show weeknights 7:30pm EST and 11:30pm EST, Chicago's WB station WGN-TV at 6:30pm & 10:30pm CST, Cleveland's local FOX station (Drew's hometown) weeknights 7pm EST & 11pm EST both after local news on WJW-TV and New York City & Washington, D.C.'s UPN stations WWOR-TV and WDCA-TV reran the show weeknights 11:30pm EST.[citation needed]
During the early-to-mid 2000s (decade), The Drew Carey Show was also seen on cable's TBS. ION Television aired reruns of the show from 2007 to 2009, premiering on New Year's Eve 2007, with the station promoting it as "The Drew Year." ION Television did not air all of the episodes as it only aired the episodes that aired from seasons 1–5; the channel also removed references to the male genitalia from certain episodes, the season 5 episode "Do Drew and Kate Have Sex?" being one in particular.[citation needed]
The CW Television Network also aired episodes during the 2008–09 television season. Two back-to-back episodes were aired on Sundays at 6:00pm to replace the cancelled Sunday Night Block by Media Rights Capital.[citation needed]
The show ran in syndication on Canada's "TVtropolis" until June 2013, when the channel was rebranded as "DTour".[citation needed]
LAFF began carrying the show as part of its inaugural lineup when it launched in April 2015.[citation needed]
Merchandise[edit]
During the height of the show's popularity, Barbie-esque dolls of Drew and Mimi were released, with accessories and are currently in rare supply and considered collector's items. Matchbox also released Drew's car, a Volkswagen Beetle with flames on the sides which Drew owned from the third season until the eighth. The soundtrack album Cleveland Rocks! Music from The Drew Carey Show was released in May 1998.[13]
DVD releases[edit]
DVD release cover
On February 28, 2006, a six-episode release of the sitcom was released on DVD titled "The Drew Carey Show: TV Favorites".[14] Initially, the DVD was exclusively sold at Best Buy, but later sold at other national retailers as well. The DVD features the episodes "Pilot", "Playing the Unified Field", "We'll Remember Always, Evaluation Day", "Drew Blows His Promotion", "My Best Friend's Wedding" and "DrugCo." However, this DVD has since gone out of print.
On April 24, 2007, Warner Home Video released the complete first season of The Drew Carey Show on DVD in Region 1. The WB has released a statement in which it said that the reason as to why the second season, and any of the later seasons have yet to be released as of 2016 is because of copyright issues regarding music used on the show. For the same reason, it is unlikely ever to stream on online services.[15]
The first season was released in Australia (Region 4) on September 10, 2008. Small distribution company Madman Entertainment, usually known for releasing anime and manga, has picked up the rights to the series.[citation needed]
DVD Name
Ep#
Region 1
Region 2
Region 4
Special Features
The Complete First Season 22 April 24, 2007 N/A September 10, 2008
1-900-MIMI (a phone sex spoof featuring Mimi)
Life Inside a Cubicle Featurette
The Drew Carey Show: TV Favorites 6 February 28, 2006 N/A N/A
"Pilot" (Season 1, Episode 1)
"Playing the Unified Field" (Season 1, Episode 18)
"We'll Remember Always, Evaluation Day" (Season 2, Episode 1)
"Drew Blows His Promotion" (Season 2, Episode 15)
"My Best Friend's Wedding" (Season 3, Episode 28)
"DrugCo" (Season 4, Episode 20)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Siano, Joseph (October 25, 1998). "SIGNOFF; Now Roasting (and Toasting) Drew Carey". NYTimes.com.
Jump up ^ "The Capital Times". Sonic Foundry's finest hour. Retrieved March 1, 2007.
Jump up ^ "The Drew Carey Show - The Complete First Season". DVD Talk. Retrieved July 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ The Price is Right - Kathy Kinney Guest Appearance. YouTube. March 29, 2010. Retrieved July 5, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Swift, Andy. "Late Late Show: Craig Ferguson Says Goodbye With Incredible Twist Ending". Yahoo! News. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Complete TV Ratings 1995-1996". chez.com. Retrieved July 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Complete TV Ratings 1996-1997". chez.com. Retrieved July 5, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Final ratings for the 1998-1999 TV season". geocities.com. Archived from the original on October 29, 2009. Retrieved July 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ "NIELSEN RATINGS FOR 1999-2000". SFGate. Retrieved July 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Bitter End". Entertainment Weekly's EW.com. Retrieved July 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ "USATODAY.com - How did your favorite show rate?". usatoday.com. Retrieved July 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Rank And File". Entertainment Weekly's EW.com. Retrieved July 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Ian Hunter Track On Drew Carey Soundtrack". MTV.com. April 27, 1998. Retrieved November 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ "'Welcome Back Kotter,' 'The Drew Carey Show' and 'Night Court' available on DVD from Warner Home Video". Warner Bros. December 14, 2005. Retrieved February 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ Carey, Drew. "I am Drew Carey, AMAA: Reddit". Retrieved September 20, 2014.
External links[edit]
The Drew Carey Show on IMDb
The Drew Carey Show at TV.com
The Drew Carey Show ABC homepage
Season 1 DVD information
[hide]
v
t
e
The Drew Carey Show
Created by: Drew Carey & Bruce Helford
Episodes
"Pilot"
"New York and Queens"
"The Dog and Pony Show"
"In Ramada Da Vida"
"The High Road to China"
"Drew Live"
"Drew Cam"
"Drew Live II"
"Drew's in a Coma"
"Drew Carey's Back-to-School Rock 'n' Roll Comedy Hour"
Related articles
Characters
Cleveland Rocks! Music from The Drew Carey Show
Mohawk Productions
Warner Bros. Television
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text:
Los Alamitos Circle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Los Alamitos Circle
Map showing location of the Long Beach Traffic Circle in State of California, Southern California, and including nearby roads and interconnect with the Pacific Coast Highway.
Location
Long Beach, California
Coordinates
33°47′24″N 118°08′33″W / 33.79°N 118.1425°W / 33.79; -118.1425Coordinates: 33°47′24″N 118°08′33″W / 33.79°N 118.1425°W / 33.79; -118.1425
Roads at
junction
SR 1
SR 19
Los Coyotes Diagonal
Construction
Type
Roundabout
The Los Alamitos Traffic Circle, informally known as the Long Beach Traffic Circle (or just the Traffic Circle, as there are no other high volume traffic circles in Southern California), is a roundabout at the intersection of Lakewood Boulevard (State Route 19), Pacific Coast Highway (State Route 1/former U.S. Route 101 Alternate) and Los Coyotes Diagonal in Long Beach, California. The intersection was originally constructed as a traffic circle in 1930 and reconstructed as a modern roundabout in 1993.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Reclassification
1.2 Present day
2 See also
3 References
History[edit]
In 1930, German engineer Werner Ruchti was contracted to design the traffic circle, which was to be based on European models. Construction was expedited in order to accommodate the increased vehicle traffic that was expected with the 1932 Summer Olympics, held in Los Angeles, as many of the aquatic and rowing events were to be held in Long Beach.[1]
The Los Alamitos Traffic Circle was one of the first of its kind to be constructed in the United States, and prior to their truncation, was also an end point of US 6 (which connects Provincetown, Massachusetts some 3,227 miles (5,193 km) to the east) and US 91.[2]
Reclassification[edit]
In 1993, the circle was converted from an old-style traffic circle to a modern roundabout by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). This was the first such conversion in the United States. Yield signs replaced Stop signs, giving drivers inside the circle the right of way, which increased traffic flow efficiency. PCH (the main thoroughfare) was given an additional entry lane at both north and south bound routes.[3] Also added were widened feeder lanes,[4] and dedicated lanes for traffic traveling only 90 of the 360 degrees of the circle - the equivalent of a right turn at a traditional American traffic light. After the conversion, both the total auto accident and the injury rate significantly dropped, making the circle one of the safest statistically in the nation. The aforementioned modifications ran a cost of $350,000.[3]
The Los Alamitos Traffic Circle was very similar to the 1932 Garces Memorial Circle located in Bakersfield, though the Bakersfield circle has not undergone modernization to roundabout standards.
Present day[edit]
Today the circle handles over 60,000 vehicles a day, mostly commuters from Orange County in the south heading to jobs in the South Bay area of Los Angeles County. The roadway is now owned by the State of California but managed by the City of Long Beach in cooperation with the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). The city provides landscaping and traffic code enforcement, while the state provides road maintenance.
In addition to the main traffic circle, there is also an Outer Traffic Circle that is concentric with the main roundabout. The artery Atherton Street ends at the Outer Traffic Circle and does not continue toward the main roundabout
See also[edit]
California Roads portal
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Grobaty, Tim (September 12, 2011). "The Traffic Circle's roundabout history". Press-Telegram. Retrieved February 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ "California Highways,Routes 89 through 96". www.cahighways.org. Retrieved 2008-06-14.
^ Jump up to: a b "What a brilliant, lousy idea looks like". www.latimes.com. Retrieved February 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Tim Grobaty: The Traffic Circle's roundabout history". www.presstelegram.com. Retrieved February 15, 2015.
"Drivers experience fewer crashes at L.B. Traffic Circle," Ruth Estrada, Online Forty-Niner (California State University, Long Beach newspaper).
"Converting Old Traffic Circles to Modern Roundabouts: Michigan State University Case Study," Timothy J. Gates, E.I.T. and Robert E. Maki, D.P.A., P.E., Michigan State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering.
"The Grand Army of the Republic (Memorial) Highway," Article 1, 3/03, US Route 6 Tourist Association, http://www.route6tour.com/history.htm .
"Ourston Roundabout Engineering - Los Alamitos Circle," https://web.archive.org/web/20120310123537/http://www.ourston.com/company/projects/los-alamitos.html
[hide]
v
t
e
Streets in Los Angeles and the metropolitan area
Numbered streets
1–10
1st
3rd
11–40
41–250
Avenues
North–south streets
Alameda
Alvarado
Atlantic Blvd./Atlantic Ave.
Avalon Blvd.
Aviation Blvd.
Beverly Dr.
Broadway
Cahuenga Blvd.
Central Ave.
Crenshaw Blvd.
Doheny Dr.
Fairfax Ave.
Figueroa
Garfield Ave.
Glendale Blvd./Brand Blvd.
Gower
Grand Avenue
Highland Ave.
Hill
Hoover
La Brea Ave./Hawthorne Blvd.
La Cienega Blvd.
Laurel Canyon Blvd./Crescent Heights Blvd.
Lincoln Blvd.
Los Angeles
Main
Normandie Ave.
Ocean Ave.
Robertson Blvd.
Rosemead Blvd./Lakewood Blvd.
San Fernando Rd.
San Pedro
Sawtelle Blvd.
Sepulveda Blvd.
Sierra Hwy.
Soto
Pacific Blvd./Long Beach Blvd.
Union Ave.
Vermont Ave.
Vine
Van Ness Ave
Western Ave.
Westwood Blvd.
Wilcox Avenue
East–west streets
Adams Blvd.
Alondra Blvd.
Arrow Hwy.
Artesia Blvd.
Bandini Blvd.
Beverly Blvd.
Carroll Ave.
Carson
Century Blvd.
Compton Blvd./Marine Ave.
Del Amo Blvd.
El Segundo Blvd.
Florence Ave.
Franklin Ave.
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Hollywood Blvd.
Imperial Hwy.
Jefferson Blvd.
Lomita Blvd.
Los Feliz Blvd.
Manchester Ave./Firestone Blvd.
Manhattan Beach Blvd.
Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard
Melrose Ave.
Montana Ave.
Mulholland Dr.
Nadeau
Olympic Blvd.
Pico Blvd.
Rosecrans Ave.
Santa Monica Blvd.
Slauson Ave.
Sunset Blvd./Cesar Chavez Ave.
Temple
Valley Blvd.
Vernon Ave.
Venice Blvd.
Washington Blvd.
Whittier Blvd.
Wilshire Blvd.
The Valleys
Arrow Hwy.
Balboa Blvd.
Beverly Glen Blvd.
Cahuenga Blvd.
Coldwater Canyon Ave.
Colorado Blvd.
Foothill Blvd.
Glenoaks Blvd.
Lankershim Blvd.
Laurel Canyon Blvd.
Mulholland Dr.
Reseda Blvd.
Riverside Dr.
San Fernando Rd.
Sepulveda Blvd.
Sierra Hwy.
Sunland Blvd./Vineland Ave.
Topanga Canyon Blvd.
Valley Blvd.
Van Nuys Blvd.
Ventura Blvd.
Victory Blvd.
Intersections and
traffic circles
Hollywood and Vine
Los Alamitos Circle
Diagonal streets
Centinela Ave./Bundy Dr.
San Vicente Blvd.
California Incline
Streets in San Pedro
Gaffey
Western Ave.
Alleyways
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Santee Alley
In popular culture
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Mulholland Drive
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Sunset Boulevard (film, musical)
All un-suffixed roads are streets unless otherwise noted.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Los_Alamitos_Circle&oldid=818916875"
Categories:
Transportation in Long Beach, California
Roundabouts and traffic circles in the United States
Streets in Los Angeles County, California
California State Route 1
U.S. Route 6
U.S. Route 91
U.S. Route 101
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This page was last edited on 6 January 2018, at 10:21.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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text:
List of Vice-Presidents of India
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Vice-President of India is the second highest constitutional office in the Indian Government after the President. In accordance with Article 65 of the Indian Constitution, the Vice-President discharges the functions of the President when a contingency arises due to the resignation, removal, death or the inability of the President to discharge his functions. He is also the ex officio chairperson of the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament of India.[1] The Vice President is elected by an electoral college consisting of all the elected members of both houses of the Parliament in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote via a secret ballot conducted by the Election Commission of India. Once elected the Vice President continues in office for a five-year term, but can continue in office irrespective of the expiry of the term, until a successor assumes office. The Vice President can be removed by a resolution passed by an effective majority in the Rajya Sabha.[2]
There have been 13 vice-president, since the inception of the post in 1950. The first Vice-president of India took oath at Rashtrapati Bhavan on 13 May 1952
On 11 August 2017 Venkaiah Naidu was sworn in as the 15th Vice-President of India, thus becoming the 13th person to hold the office.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 List
2 See also
3 Footnotes and References
4 External links
List[edit]
The complete list of Vice-Presidents of India includes the persons sworn into the office as Vice-President of India, following the adoption of the Constitution of India in 1950. Some of whom later became presidents.[4]
Vice-Presidents of India (by state of birth)
Colour key
Vice President was an Independent candidate
Vice President was an candidate of Indian National Congress (INC)
Vice President was an candidate of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
Vice President was an candidate of the Janata Dal (JD)
№
Name
(birth–death)
Portrait
Elected
(% votes)
Took office
Left office
Term (in years)
Notes
President(s)
Candidate of
1
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
(1888–1975) 1952
(Unopposed)
1957
(Unopposed)
13 May 1952 12 May 1962 10 Radhakrishnan was a prominent scholar. Besides being awarded the Bharat Ratna he also held the position of vice-chancellor in the Banaras Hindu University and the Andhra college. He served as the Vice-President for two terms. Rajendra Prasad Independent
2
Zakir Husain
(1897–1969) — 1962
(97.59) 13 May 1962 12 May 1967 5 Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Independent
3
Varahagiri Venkata Giri
(1894–1980) — 1967
(71.45) 13 May 1967 3 May 1969 2 Zakir Husain Independent
4
Gopal Swarup Pathak
(1896–1982) — 1969
— 31 August 1969 30 August 1974 5 Varahagiri Venkata Giri (1969–1974)
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (1974)
Independent
5
Basappa Danappa Jatti
(1912–2002) — 1974
(78.70) 31 August 1974 30 August 1979 5 Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (1974–1977)
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy (1977–1979) Indian National Congress
6
Mohammad Hidayatullah
(1905–1992) — 1979
(Unopposed) 31 August 1979 30 August 1984 5 Neelam Sanjiva Reddy (1979–1982)
Giani Zail Singh (1982–1984) Independent
7
Ramaswamy Venkataraman
(1910–2009) 1984
(71.05) 31 August 1984 24 July 1987 3 Giani Zail Singh Indian National Congress
8
Shankar Dayal Sharma
(1918–1999) 1987
(Unopposed) 3 September 1987 24 July 1992 5 Ramaswamy Venkataraman Indian National Congress
9
Kocheril Raman Narayanan
(1920–2005) 1992
(99.86) 21 August 1992 24 July 1997 5 Shankar Dayal Sharma Indian National Congress
10
Krishan Kant
(1927–2002) — 1997
(61.76) 21 August 1997 27 July 2002 4 Kocheril Raman Narayanan (1997–2002)
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (2002) Janata Dal
11
Bhairon Singh Shekhawat
(1923–2010) 2002
(59.82) 19 August 2002 21 July 2007 5 A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Bharatiya Janata Party
12
Mohammad Hamid Ansari
(1937–) 2007
(60.51)
2012
(67.31) 11 August 2007 11 August 2017 10 Pratibha Patil (2007–2012)
Pranab Mukherjee (2012–2017)
Ram Nath Kovind (2017) Indian National Congress
13
Muppavarapu Venkaiah Naidu
(1949–) 2017
(67.89) 11 August 2017 Incumbent — Ram Nath Kovind Bharatiya Janata Party
Notes
† Died in office
See also[edit]
Vice-President of India
President of India
List of Presidents of India
List of Prime Ministers of India
Footnotes and References[edit]
Jump up ^ "VPI & Constitution | Vice President of India | Government of India". vicepresidentofindia.nic.in. Retrieved 2018-01-14.
Jump up ^ Media Division,Election Commission of India. "Background information of Vice Presidential election for 2012" (PDF). eci.nic.in. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Venkaiah Naidu sworn in as Vice-President". The Hindu. PTI. 2017-08-11. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2018-01-14.
Jump up ^ List of Presidents /Vice Presidents Archived 2008-12-07 at the Wayback Machine.
External links[edit]
Vice-President of India (official website)
[hide]
v
t
e
Vice-presidential elections in India
1952
1957
1962
1967
1969
1974
1979
1984
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007
2012
2017
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Vice-Presidents_of_India&oldid=837478210"
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The Pardoner's Tale
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the 2002 television episode, see The Pardoner's Tale (Law & Order: Criminal Intent episode).
The Pardoner, as depicted by William Blake in The Canterbury Pilgrims (1810)
The Pardoner's Tale is one of The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer. In the order of the Tales, it comes after The Physician's Tale and before The Shipman's Tale; it is prompted by the Host's desire to hear something positive after that depressing tale. The Pardoner initiates his Prologue—briefly accounting his methods of conning people—and then proceeds to tell a moral tale.
The tale itself is an extended exemplum. Setting out to kill Death, three young men encounter an Old Man who says they will find him under a nearby tree. When they arrive they discover a hoard of treasure and decide to stay with it until nightfall and carry it away under cover of darkness. Out of greed, they murder each other. The tale and prologue are primarily concerned with what the Pardoner says is his "theme": Radix malorum est cupiditas ("Greed is the root of [all] evils").
Contents
[hide]
1 Frame
2 Synopsis
2.1 Prologue
2.2 Tale
3 Sources and composition
4 Analysis
5 Character of the teller
6 General themes
7 Adaptations
8 See also
9 Notes
10 References
11 External links
Frame[edit]
In the order of The Canterbury Tales, the Pardoner's Prologue and Tale are preceded by The Physician's Tale. The Physician's Tale is a harrowing tale about a judge who plots with a "churl [low fellow]" to abduct a beautiful young woman; rather than allow her to be raped, her father beheads her. The invitation for the Pardoner to tell a tale comes after the Host declares his dissatisfaction with the depressing tale, and declares:
… but [unless] I have triacle [medicine],
Or elles a draughte of morste [fresh] and corny [strong] ale,
Or but I heere anon a myrie tale,
Myn herte is lost for pitee of this mayde. (lines 314–17)[1]
The Host then asks the Pardoner to "telle us som mrythe or japes [joke, jest] right anon".[2] However, the pilgrims—aware of pardoners' notoriety for telling lewd tales and in anticipation of hearing something objectionable[3]—voice their desire for no ribaldry, but instead want a moral tale.
Synopsis[edit]
Prologue[edit]
The prologue takes the form of a literary confession in the same manner as The Wife of Bath's Prologue.[4] However, rather than an apology for his vices, the Pardoner boasts of his duping of his victims, for whom he has nothing but contempt.[4] He says that his "theme"—biblical text for a sermon—is Radix malorum est cupiditas ("Greed is the root of [all] evils" 1 Timothy 6.10).[1] He explains that his false credentials consist of official letters from high-ranking church officials and a superficial use of a few Latin words;[5] then he will produce some "relics", and claim that among them is a bone which has miraculous powers when dipped into a well and a mitten for which:
He that his hand wol putte in this mitayn,
He shal have multipliyng of his greyn, (lines 373–374)
But he will warn that any person that "hath doon synne horrible" will not be able to benefit from these relics.[6] The Pardoner says to the pilgrims that by these tricks he has acquired a considerable sum of money. He goes on to relate how he stands like a clergy at the pulpit, and preaches against avarice but to gain the congregation's money; he doesn't care for the correction of sin or for their souls.[7] Against anyone that offends either him or other pardoners, he will "stynge hym with my tonge smerte". Although he is guilty of avarice himself, he reiterates that his theme is always Radix malorum … and that he can nonetheless preach so that others turn away from the vice and repent—though his "principal entente" is for personal gain. The Pardoner explains that he then offers many anecdotes to the "lewed [ignorant, unlearned] people".[8] He scorns the thought of living in poverty while he preaches; he desires "moneie, wolle [wool], chese, and whete"[9] and doesn't care whether it were from the poorest widow in the village, even should her children starve for famine. Yet, he concludes to the pilgrims, though he may be a "ful vicious man", he can tell a moral tale and proceeds.
Tale[edit]
The tale is set in Flanders at an indeterminate time, and opens with three young men drinking, gambling and blaspheming in a tavern. The Pardoner condemns each of these "tavern sins" in turn—gluttony, drinking, gambling, and swearing—with support from the Christian scriptures, before proceeding with the tale. The rioters hear a bell signalling a burial; their friend has been killed by a "privee theef" known as Death, who has also killed a thousand others. The men set out to avenge them and kill Death. An old man they brusquely query tells them that he has asked Death to take him but has failed. He then says they can find death at the foot of an oak tree. When the men arrive at the tree, they find a large amount of gold coins and forget about their quest to kill Death. They decide to sleep at the oak tree over night, so they can take the coins in the morning. The three men draw straws to see who among them should fetch wine and food while the other two wait under the tree. The youngest of the three men draws the shortest straw and departs; while he is away, the remaining two plot to overpower and stab him upon his return. However, the one who leaves for town plots to kill the other two: he purchases rat poison and laces the wine. When he returns with the food and drink, the other two kill him and then consume the poisoned wine, dying slow and painful deaths.
Sources and composition[edit]
The prologue—taking the form of a literary confession—was most probably modelled on that of "Faus Semblaunt" in the medieval French poem Roman de la Rose.[10] The tale of the three rioters is a version of a folk tale with a "remarkably wide range"[11] and has numerous analogues: ancient Buddhist, Persian,[12] and African.[13][11]
Analysis[edit]
The relationship between tellers and tale is distinctly significant in "The Pardoner's Tale." The Pardoner is an enigmatic character, portrayed as grotesque in the General Prologue. He is seemingly aware of his sin—it is not clear why he tells the pilgrims about his sin in the prologue before his tale commences. His preaching is correct and the results of his methods, despite their corruption, are good. Chaucer describes him as a "draughte of corny strong ale," which arguably suggests that the character candidly speaks thanks in part to intoxication. The Pardoner's confession is similar in that there is a revelation of details buried within the prologue by "The Wife of Bath Tale." The Wife of Bath gives away details about herself in the prologue to her particular tale.
Chaucer describes The Pardoner as an excellent speaker in his portrait of the character in the General Prologue to The Canterbury Tales, which inherently reflects the quality of the narrative attributed to him.
The old man who appears before the rioters has been the subject of considerable debate. Many persons and scholars reference him as "death in person," "the Wandering Jew," "Old Age itself," and "Death's messenger. "[14] W. J. B. Owen refutes these views as he points out that "He is seeking Death; and that Death or his agent should find death is contrary to all the logic of allegory." Owen argues that a character is merely an old man and not a symbol of mortality.[14]
The Old Man in The Pardoner's Tale is oftentimes written off as one who does not provide any sort of substance to the play. However, critic, Alfred David, refutes such claims and asserts the possibility that the Old Man in "The Pardoner's Tale" is meant to symbolise more than unambiguous death, "the old man's identity does not admit a simple, unambiguous, and definitive answer such as Death or Death's Messenger"[14]. David goes on to assert that the Old Man may actually symbolise the "Wandering Jew" as defined to be a symbol of death that will supposedly roam the Earth until the Second Coming of Jesus Christ. One may compare this notion to the symbol and character of the Old Man in The Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
"The Pardoner's Tale" finds itself widely debated among those in the literary world. The question of Chaucer's motivation in writing the tale, as well as potential social comments made within it, have been the subject of controversy concerning The Canterbury Tales. Gregory W. Gross, as dictated in Modern Language Studies, concludes that The Pardoner finds himself publicly shamed by the Host's reprimand at the end of the tale. There is an "undertone" of exclusion at this point in the work that, perhaps, leads to the question of the sexuality of The Pardoner and the social boundaries at hand. To reaffirm his claim, Gross points out the ridicule and "laughter" on behalf of the other pilgrims. Perhaps Chaucer is looking upon the Pardoner with a "compassionate eye," as the Host offers a kiss at the end of the tale. According to Gross, this could simply be the poet's way of easing the tension in the room, thus a sign of "compassion" towards the embarrassment of the Pardoner on behalf of the poet. Ultimately, it is plausible that Chaucer makes a societal statement long before his time that serves as a literary teaching moment in modern time as one further examines The Canterbury Tales.
In further analysis, psychological patterns of the character of the Pardoner is frequently analysed by readers and critics alike. In 1961, critic Eric W. Stockton defined the psychology-based research of the character, "The psychology of the Pardoner has perhaps gotten in the way of the task of interpreting the stories' meaning. This is indeed an age of psychology." [15] As Stockton states, the character has largely been overanalysed, especially amidst mid-century advances in psychoanaylsis in the 1960s and 1970s.
Character of the teller[edit]
The religious climate at the time that Chaucer wrote this piece was pre-Reformation. Therefore, the Sacraments were still largely considered, as explained by St. Augustine, “outward and visible signs of an inward and invisible grace.” The suggestion that outward appearances are reliable indicators of internal character was not considered radical or improper among contemporary audiences. Indeed, the vivid depiction of the Pardoner's hair, those locks “yellow as wax But smoothe as a strike (hank) of flex (flax),” does little to improve the reader's opinion of his moral character.[16]
Chaucer develops his description and analysis of the Pardoner throughout the Pardoner's Tale using suggestive analogies that provide the reader with the perception of a man of extreme sexual and spiritual poverty, willingly admitting that he abuses his authority and sells fake relics. The Pardoner's tale matches the unctuous nature of the Pardoner in many ways. Eugene Vance illustrates one parallel effectively fostered by Chaucer's sexual innuendoes. He writes: “The kneeling posture to which the Pardoner summons the pilgrims would place their noses right before his deficient crotch.”[16]
In addition, Vance expands upon this comparison, identifying a sexual innuendo implicit in the Pardoner's many relics. “The pardoner conspires to set himself up as a moveable shrine endowed with relics unsurpassed by those of anyone else in England.” Yet, of course, the relics are all fakes, creating a suggestion of both the Pardoner's impotence and his spiritual ill-worth.[16]
General themes[edit]
Though the Pardoner preaches against greed, the irony of the character is based in the Pardoner's hypocritical actions. He admits extortion of the poor, pocketing of indulgences, and failure to abide by teachings against jealousy and avarice. He also admits quite openly that he tricks the most guilty sinners into buying his spurious relics and does not really care what happens to the souls of those he has swindled.
The Pardoner is also deceptive in how he carries out his job. Instead of selling genuine relics, the bones he carries belong to pigs, not departed saints. The cross he carries appears to be studded with precious stones that are, in fact, bits of common metal. This irony could be an indication to Chaucer's dislike for religious profit—a pervasive late medieval theme hinging on anti-clericalism. Chaucer's use of subtle literary techniques, such as satire, seem to convey this message.
However, the Pardoner might also be seen as a reinforcement of the Apostolic Authority of the priesthood, which, according to the Catholic Church, functions fully even when the one possessing that authority is in a state of mortal sin, which in this case is supported by how the corrupt Pardoner is able to tell a morally intact tale and turn others from his same sin. Thomas Aquinas, an influential theologian of the late medieval period, had a philosophy concerning how God was able to work through evil people and deeds to accomplish good ends. Chaucer may have also been referencing a doctrine of St. Augustine of Hippo concerning the Donatist heresy of fourth and fifth century Northern Africa in which Augustine argued that a priest's ability to perform valid sacraments was not invalidated by his own sin. Thus, it is possible that with the Pardoner, Chaucer was criticising the administrative and economic practices of the Church while simultaneously affirming his support for its religious authority and dogma.
In the General Prologue of the Tales, the Pardoner is introduced with these lines:
With hym ther rood a gentil Pardoner
Of Rouncivale, his freend and his compeer,
That streight was comen fro the court of Rome.
Ful loude he soong "Com hider, love, to me!"
This Somonour bar to hym a stif burdoun ...
A voys he hadde as smal as hath a goot.
No berd hadde he, ne nevere sholde have;
As smothe it was as it were late shave.
I trowe he were a geldyng or a mare.
The last three lines indicate that the narrator thought the Pardoner to be either a eunuch ("geldyng") or a homosexual.
Adaptations[edit]
The Road to Canterbury: A Game of Pilgrims, Pardoners and the Seven Deadly Sins[17] is a board game in which players play as the Pardoner from The Canterbury Tales.
The 1927 novel The Treasure of the Sierra Madre is a novelisation of this tale, which was later made into the 1948 film of the same name.[18]
Rudyard Kipling in "The King's Ankus", a story in The Second Jungle Book.
The Tale of the Three Brothers, a story featured in the Harry Potter universe, is partially based on The Pardoner's Tale.
Hunting Death A version in modern verse
See also[edit]
English words first attested in Chaucer
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Benson 2008, p. 194.
Jump up ^ Benson 2008, pp. 208, 1260.
Jump up ^ Murphy n.d., p. 5.
^ Jump up to: a b Benson 2008, p. 15.
Jump up ^ Murphy n.d., p. 9.
Jump up ^ Murphy n.d., p. 10.
Jump up ^ Murphy n.d., p. 11.
Jump up ^ Benson 2008, p. 195.
Jump up ^ Benson 2008, p. 196.
Jump up ^ Benson 2008, p. 905.
^ Jump up to: a b Hamel & Merrill 1991.
Jump up ^ Furnivall et al.
Jump up ^ Hamer 1969.
Jump up ^ David 40
Jump up ^ Stockton 118
^ Jump up to: a b c Vance 1989.
Jump up ^ Eagle Games n.d.
Jump up ^ Murphy n.d., p. 6.
References[edit]
Benson, Larry D., ed. (2008). The Riverside Chaucer (Third ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-955209-2.
"The Road to Canterbury". Eagle Games. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
Furnivall, Frederick James; Brock, Edmund; Clouston, W. A. (eds.). Originals and Analogues of some of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. London: N. Trübner.
Gross, Gregory W. "Trade Secrets: Chaucer, the Pardoner, the Critics". Modern Language Studies. 25 (4): 1–36. doi:10.2307/3195486.
Hamel, Mary; Merrill, Charles (1991). "The Analogues of the 'Pardoner's Tale' and a New African Version". The Chaucer Review. Penn State University Press. 26 (2): 175–83. doi:10.2307/25094193. ISSN 1528-4204. JSTOR 25094193 – via JSTOR. (Registration required (help)).
Hamer, Douglas (1969). "'The Pardoner's Tale': A West-African Analogue". Notes and Queries. Oxford University Press. 16 (9): 335–6. doi:10.1093/nq/16.9.335. ISSN 0029-3970.
Hatcher, Elizabeth R. (1975). "Life without Death: The Old Man in Chaucer's 'Pardoner's Tale'". The Chaucer Review. 9 (3): 246–52. doi:10.2307/25093311. ISSN 1528-4204. JSTOR 25093311 – via JSTOR. (Registration required (help)).
Murphy, Michael. "The Pardoner, his Prologue, and his Tale" (PDF). The Canterbury Tales: A Reader-friendly Edition of the General Prologue and sixteen tales. Brooklyn College.
Vance, Eugene (1989). "Chaucer's Pardoner: Relics, Discourse, and Frames of Propriety". New Literary History. Johns Hopkins University Press. 20 (3): 335–6. doi:10.2307/469364. ISSN 1080-661X. JSTOR 469364 – via JSTOR. (Registration required (help)).
Stockton, Eric W. "The Deadliest Sin in the Pardoner's Tale". Tennessee Studies in Literature. 17: 116–124.
Hamilton, Marie P. (1939). "Death and the 'Old Man' in The Pardoner's Tale". Studies in Philology. 36 (4): 571–576.
David, Alfred. "Criticism and the Old Man in Chaucer's The Pardoner's Tale". College English. 27 (1): 39–44. doi:10.2307/373708.
External links[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
The Canterbury Tales/The Pardoner's Prologue and Tale
Modern Translation of the Pardoner's Tale and Other Resources at eChaucer
The Pardoner's Prologue and Tale e-text for reading, searching, and study – texts.crossref-it.info
"The Pardoner's Tale" – a plain-English retelling for non-scholars.
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Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales
Order of The
Canterbury Tales
General Prologue
The Knight's Tale
The Miller's Tale
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The Man of Law's Tale
The Wife of Bath's Tale
The Friar's Tale
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The Physician's Tale
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List of players who have scored 10,000 or more runs in Test cricket
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Sunil Gavaskar was the first player to cross the 10,000 run mark in Tests.
Scoring over 10,000 runs across a playing career in any format of cricket is considered a significant achievement.[1] As of May 2017[update], thirteen players from seven different teams have scored more than 10,000 runs in Test cricket. The Indians and Australians lead the list with three players each. West Indies and Sri Lanka each have two players followed by one from South Africa, England and Pakistan. [2] Bangladesh, New Zealand and Zimbabwe are yet to have a player breach the 10,000-run mark in the format.
In 1974, West Indies cricketer Garfield Sobers retired as Test cricket's most prolific run scorer with 8,032 runs from 93 matches.[3] Sobers' record was surpassed nine years later by England's Geoffrey Boycott in the 1982 series against India.[4][5] Boycott remained the top-scorer before being overtaken by Indian batsman Sunil Gavaskar two years later in 1983.[6][7] Four years later in March 1987, Gavaskar became the first player to score 10,000 runs in the format, doing so while playing a match against Pakistan.[2]
Brian Lara took the least number of innings (195) to reach the 10,000 run mark, later equalled by Sachin Tendulkar and Kumar Sangakkara, while Australia's Steve Waugh took 244 innings to achieve the feat.[2] Alastair Cook is the fastest in terms of time span, taking 10 years and 87 days.[2] The time taken by Shivnarine Chanderpaul (18 years and 37 days) is the slowest among all.[2] As of May 2017[update], Tendulkar leads the list with 15,921 runs followed by Ricky Ponting of Australia with 13,378.[6]
Contents
[hide]
1 Key
2 10,000 or more runs in Tests
3 See also
4 Notes
5 References
6 External links
Key[edit]
Mat. – denotes the number of matches played
Inn. – denotes the number of innings batted
Date – denotes the date in which the player crossed the 10,000 run mark
– denotes that the player is active
10,000 or more runs in Tests[edit]
10,000 runs in Tests [2]
No.
Player
Team
Debut
Retirement
Mat.
Inn.
Runs
Avg.
100s
50s
Date[2]
Ref.
1 Tendulkar, SachinSachin Tendulkar
India 1989 2013 200 329
15,921
53.73 51 68 000000002005-03-16-000016 March 2005 [6]
[8]
2 Ponting, RickyRicky Ponting
Australia 1995 2012 168 287
13,378
51.85 41 62 000000002008-05-30-000030 May 2008 [6]
[9]
3 Kallis, JacquesJacques Kallis
South Africa 1995 2013 166 280
13,289
55.37 45 55 000000002009-02-27-000027 February 2009 [6]
[10]
4 Dravid, RahulRahul Dravid
India 1996 2012 164 286
13,288
52.31 36 63 000000002008-03-29-000029 March 2008 [6]
[11]
5 Sangakkara, KumarKumar Sangakkara
Sri Lanka 2000 2015 134 233
12,400
57.40 38 52 000000002012-12-26-000026 December 2012 [6]
[12]
6 Cook, AlastairAlastair Cook
England 2006 active 151 273
12,005
46.19 32 55 000000002016-05-30-000030 May 2016 [6]
[13]
7 Lara, BrianBrian Lara
West Indies 1990 2006 131 232
11,953
52.88 34 48 000000002004-08-15-000015 August 2004 [6]
[14]
8 Chanderpaul, ShivnarineShivnarine Chanderpaul
West Indies 1994 2015 164 280
11,867
51.37 30 66 000000002012-04-26-000026 April 2012 [6]
[15]
9 Jayawardene, MahelaMahela Jayawardene
Sri Lanka 1997 2014 149 252
11,814
49.84 34 50 000000002011-12-26-000026 December 2011 [6]
[16]
10 Border, AllanAllan Border
Australia 1978 1994 156 265
11,174
50.56 27 63 000000001993-01-02-00002 January 1993 [6]
[17]
11 Waugh, SteveSteve Waugh
Australia 1985 2004 168 260
10,927
51.06 32 50 000000002003-01-03-00003 January 2003 [6]
[18]
12 Gavaskar, SunilSunil Gavaskar
India 1971 1987 125 214
10,122
51.12 34 45 000000001987-03-07-00007 March 1987 [6]
[19]
13 Khan, YounisYounis Khan
Pakistan 2000 2017 118 213
10,099
52.05 34 33 000000002017-04-23-000023 April 2017 [6]
[20]
See also[edit]
List of Test cricket records
List of players who have scored 10,000 or more runs in One Day International cricket
Notes[edit]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ugra, Sharda (24 December 2009). "1987-Gavaskar is the first to score 10,000 test runs: A 10 tonne toast". India Today. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Records / Test matches / Batting records / Fastest to 10000 runs". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Gary Sobers: Cricket's greatest genius". Rediff.com. 28 July 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Third Test Match — India vs. England 1981–82". Wisden Cricketers' Almanack. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ Botham, Ian (15 September 2009). Head On — Ian Botham: The Autobiography. Random House. ISBN 978-0-091-92149-1.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Records / Test matches / Batting records / Most runs in career". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
Jump up ^ Finlay, Ric (29 October 2008). "Record-holders for most number of Test runs". ESPNcricinfo. Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 29 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Sachin Tendulkar | Cricket Players and Officials". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Ricky Ponting | Cricket Players and Officials". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Jacques Kallis | Cricket Players and Officials". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Rahul Dravid | Cricket Players and Officials". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Kumar Sangakkara | Cricket Players and Officials". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Alastair Cook | Cricket Players and Officials". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 7 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Brian Lara | Cricket Players and Officials". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Shivnarine Chanderpaul | Cricket Players and Officials". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Mahela Jayawardene | Cricket Players and Officials". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Allan Border | Cricket Players and Officials". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Steve Waugh | Cricket Players and Officials". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Sunil Gavaskar | Cricket Players and Officials". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Younis Khan | Cricket Players and Officials". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
External links[edit]
[show]
v
t
e
Batsmen with 10,000 or more runs in Test cricket
Australia
Ricky Ponting (13,378)
Allan Border (11,174)
Steve Waugh (10,927)
England
Alastair Cook (11,956)
India
Sachin Tendulkar (15,921)
Rahul Dravid (13,288)
Sunil Gavaskar (10,122)
Pakistan
Younis Khan (10,099)
South Africa
Jacques Kallis (13,289)
Sri Lanka
Kumar Sangakkara (12,400)
Mahela Jayawardene (11,814)
West Indies
Brian Lara (11,953)
Shivnarine Chanderpaul (11,867)
Current players are listed in italics.
[show]
v
t
e
Cricket records
[show]
Test records
By team
Australia
Bangladesh
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Hat-tricks
[show]
ODI records
By team
Australia
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India
New Zealand
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
South Africa
West Indies
Zimbabwe
Batting
Most career runs
Highest individual scores
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Five-wicket haul on debut
[show]
T20I records
By team
Australia
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India
Nepal
New Zealand
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Sri Lanka
South Africa
West Indies
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[show]
Miscellaneous records
International Centuries
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World Cup records
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FC quadruple centuries
Ranji Trophy
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Centuries by ground
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Twenty20 records
Under-19 records
[show]
Women's cricket
Test records
ODI records
T20I records
Test centuries
ODI centuries
T20I centuries
Hat-tricks
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_players_who_have_scored_10,000_or_more_runs_in_Test_cricket&oldid=819053257"
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