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Navel
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"Belly button" redirects here. For other uses, see Belly button (disambiguation) and Navel (disambiguation).
Navel
The human navel is a raised or hollowed area left after the umbilical cord detaches.
Details
Precursor
Umbilical cord
Ductus venosus[citation needed]
Artery
Umbilical artery
Vein
Umbilical vein
Identifiers
Latin
Umbilicus
MeSH
D014472
TA
A01.2.04.005
FMA
61584
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
The navel (clinically known as the umbilicus, colloquially known as the belly button, or tummy button) is a hollowed or sometimes raised area on the abdomen at the attachment site of the umbilical cord.[1] All placental mammals have a navel.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Structure
2 Clinical significance
2.1 Disorders
2.2 Other disorders
2.3 Surgery
2.4 Safety
3 Society and culture
4 See also
5 References
6 Further reading
Structure[edit]
See also: Umbilical vein and Umbilical artery
The navel is the centre of the circle in this drawing of the Vitruvian Man by Leonardo da Vinci
Abdominal regions are used for example to localize pain.
The umbilicus is used to visually separate the abdomen into quadrants.[3]
The umbilicus is a prominent mark on the abdomen, with its position being relatively consistent among humans. The skin around the waist at the level of the umbilicus is supplied by the tenth thoracic spinal nerve (T10 dermatome). The umbilicus itself typically lies at a vertical level corresponding to the junction between the L3 and L4 vertebrae,[4] with a normal variation among people between the L3 and L5 vertebrae.[5]
Parts of the navel include the "umbilical tip", which is the center of the navel often described as a button shape. The "periumbilical skin" surrounds it.[6] Navels consisting of the umbilical tip protruding past the periumbilical skin have been nicknamed "outies". Outies are often mistaken for umbilical hernias, but are actually a completely different shape with no health concern, unlike an umbilical hernia. The navel (specifically abdominal wall) would be considered an umbilical hernia if the protrusion was 5 centimeters or more. The total diameter of an umbilical hernia is usually 10 centimeters.[6] Navels that are concave are nicknamed "innies".[7] While the shape of the human navel may be affected by long term changes to diet and exercise, unexpected change in shape may be the result of ascites.[8]
Clinical significance[edit]
Disorders[edit]
In addition to change in shape being a possible side effect from ascites and umbilical hernias, the navel can be involved in umbilical sinus or fistula, which in rare cases can lead to menstrual or fecal discharge from the navel. Menstrual discharge from the umbilicus is a rare disorder associated with umbilical endometriosis.[9][10]
Other disorders[edit]
Omphalitis, an inflammatory condition of the umbilicus in the newborn, usually caused by a bacterial infection.[11][12]
Surgery[edit]
To minimize scarring, the navel is a recommended site of incision for various surgeries, including transgastric appendicectomy,[13] gall bladder surgery,[14] and the umbilicoplasty[15] procedure itself.
Safety[edit]
Abdominal thrusts is a first aid method of dislodging an object stuck in the throat, and is performed just above the navel.[16]
Society and culture[edit]
See also: Navel in popular culture
The public exposure of the male and female midriff and bare navel has been taboo at times in Western cultures, being considered immodest or indecent. It was banned in some jurisdictions, but community perceptions have changed, and exposure of female midriff and navel is more accepted today. In some societies or contexts, it is both fashionable and common, though not without its critics.[17]
While the West was relatively resistant to midriff-baring clothing until the 1980s, it has long been a fashion with Indian women.[18] The Japanese have long had a special regard for the navel. During the early Jomon period in northern Japan, three small balls indicating the breasts and navel were pasted onto flat clay objects to represent the female body. The navel was exaggerated in size, informed by the belief that the navel symbolizes the center where life begins.[19]
See also[edit]
Navel fetishism
Omphalos hypothesis
Omphaloskepsis
Umbilical microbiome
References[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Navels.
Look up umbilicus in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Jump up ^ "Definition of NAVEL". www.merriam-webster.com.
Jump up ^ "Why don't other animals have belly buttons like ours?". Retrieved May 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Anatomy & Physiology". Openstax college at Connexions. Retrieved November 16, 2013.
Jump up ^ Ellis, Harold (2006). Clinical Anatomy: Applied Anatomy for Students and Junior Doctors. New York: Wiley. ISBN 1-4051-3804-1. [page needed]
Jump up ^ O'Rahilly, Ronan; Müller, Fabiola; Carpenter, Stanley; Swenson, Rand (2004). "Abdominal walls". Basic Human Anatomy: A Regional Study of Human Structure. Dartmouth Medical School.
^ Jump up to: a b Meier, Donald E.; OlaOlorun, David A.; Omodele, Rachael A.; Nkor, Sunday K.; Tarpley, John L. (2001). "Incidence of Umbilical Hernia in African Children: Redefinition of 'Normal' and Reevaluation of Indications for Repair". World Journal of Surgery. 25 (5): 645–8. doi:10.1007/s002680020072. PMID 11369993.
Jump up ^ Ceccanti, Silvia, et al. "Umbilical cord sparing technique for repair of congenital hernia into the cord and small omphalocele." Journal of Pediatric Surgery 52.1 (2017): 192-196.
Jump up ^ Herrine, Steven K. "Ascites". The Merck Manuals.
Jump up ^ Bagade, Pallavi V; Guirguis, Mamdouh M (2009). "Menstruating from the umbilicus as a rare case of primary umbilical endometriosis: a case report". Journal of Medical Case Reports. 3: 9326. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-3-9326. PMC 2803849  . PMID 20062755.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Donna M. (June 2, 2008). "What's Wrong With His Belly Button?". [self-published source?][unreliable medical source?]
Jump up ^ Cunningham, F. Williams Obstetrics:The Newborn (24 ed.). McGraw-Hill. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Fleisher, Gary R. Textbook of Pediatric Emergency Medicine. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006, p. 928.
Jump up ^ Kaehler, G.; Schoenberg, M. B.; Kienle, P.; Post, S.; Magdeburg, R. (2013). "Transgastric appendicectomy". British Journal of Surgery. 100 (7): 911–5. doi:10.1002/bjs.9115. PMID 23575528. Lay summary – Medical News Today (April 12, 2013).
Jump up ^ "SRMC Surgeon Offers Gallbladder Removal through Belly Button Incision with da Vinci® System" (Press release). Southeastern Health. December 9, 2013. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bruekers, Sven E.; van der Lei, Berend; Tan, Tik L.; Luijendijk, Roland W.; Stevens, Hieronymus P. J. D. (2009). "'Scarless' Umbilicoplasty". Annals of Plastic Surgery. 63 (1): 15–20. doi:10.1097/SAP.0b013e3181877b60. PMID 19546666.
Jump up ^ MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Abdominal thrusts
Jump up ^ "New code may reveal navel". Mohave Daily Miner. 24 March 1985. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
Jump up ^ Banerjee, Mukulika & Miller, Daniel (2003) The Sari. Oxford; New York: Berg ISBN 1-85973-732-3[page needed]
Jump up ^ Naumann, Nelly (2000). "First Indications of Symbolic Expression". Japanese Prehistory: The Material and Spiritual Culture of the Jōmon Period. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 114–5. ISBN 978-3-447-04329-8.
Further reading[edit]
Look up navel, bellybutton, innie, or outie in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Moreau, Corrie S.; Hulcr, Jiri; Latimer, Andrew M.; Henley, Jessica B.; Rountree, Nina R.; Fierer, Noah; Lucky, Andrea; Lowman, Margaret D.; Dunn, Robert R. (2012). "A Jungle in There: Bacteria in Belly Buttons are Highly Diverse, but Predictable". PLoS ONE. 7 (11): e47712. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...747712H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047712. PMC 3492386  . PMID 23144827.
Gabriele, Raimondo; Conte, Marco; Egidi, Federico; Borghese, Mario (2005). "Umbilical metastases: current viewpoint". World Journal of Surgical Oncology. 3 (1): 13. doi:10.1186/1477-7819-3-13. PMC 552325  . PMID 15723695.
Piskun, Gregory; Rajpal, Sanjeev (1999). "Transumbilical Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Utilizes No Incisions Outside the Umbilicus". Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques. 9 (4): 361–4. doi:10.1089/lap.1999.9.361. PMID 10488834.
Craig, Stefan B.; Faller, Mary S.; Puckett, Charles L. (2000). "In Search of the Ideal Female Umbilicus". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 105 (1): 389–92. doi:10.1097/00006534-200001000-00062. PMID 10627008.
"New meaning to 'navel-gazing': Scientists study belly button bacteria". Body Odd. NBC News. April 14, 2011.
"Belly Button Biodiversity Project".
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text:
Economic indicator
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A supply and demand diagram, illustrating
the effects of an increase in demand.
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An economic indicator is a statistic about an economic activity. Economic indicators allow analysis of economic performance and predictions of future performance. One application of economic indicators is the study of business cycles. Economic indicators include various indices, earnings reports, and economic summaries. Examples: unemployment rate, quits rate (quit rate in U.S. English), housing starts, consumer price index (a measure for inflation), consumer leverage ratio, industrial production, bankruptcies, gross domestic product, broadband internet penetration, retail sales, stock market prices, money supply changes.
The leading business cycle dating committee in the United States of America is the National Bureau of Economic Research (private). The Bureau of Labor Statistics is the principal fact-finding agency for the U.S. government in the field of labor economics and statistics. Other producers of economic indicators includes the United States Census Bureau and United States Bureau of Economic Analysis.
Contents
[hide]
1 Classification by timing
1.1 Leading indicators
1.2 Lagging indicators
1.3 Coincident indicators
2 By direction
3 Local indicators
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Classification by timing[edit]
Equities as leading, GDP as coincident, and business credit as lagging indicator.
Economic indicators can be classified into three categories according to their usual timing in relation to the business cycle: leading indicators, lagging indicators, and coincident indicators.
Leading indicators[edit]
Leading indicators are indicators that usually, but not always, change before the economy as a whole changes.[1] They are therefore useful as short-term predictors of the economy. Stock market returns are a leading indicator: the stock market usually begins to decline before the economy as a whole declines and usually begins to improve before the general economy begins to recover from a slump. Other leading indicators include the index of consumer expectations, building permits, and the money supply. The Conference Board publishes a composite Leading Economic Index consisting of ten indicators designed to predict activity in the U. S. economy six to nine months in future.
Components of the Conference Board's Leading Economic Indicators Index
Average weekly hours (manufacturing) — Adjustments to the working hours of existing employees are usually made in advance of new hires or layoffs, which is why the measure of average weekly hours is a leading indicator for changes in unemployment.
Average weekly jobless claims for unemployment insurance — The CB reverses the value of this component from positive to negative because a positive reading indicates a loss in jobs. The initial jobless-claims data is more sensitive to business conditions than other measures of unemployment, and as such leads the monthly unemployment data released by the U.S. Department of Labor.
Manufacturers' new orders for consumer goods/materials — This component is considered a leading indicator because increases in new orders for consumer goods and materials usually mean positive changes in actual production. The new orders decrease inventory and contribute to unfilled orders, a precursor to future revenue.
Vendor performance (slower deliveries diffusion index) — This component measures the time it takes to deliver orders to industrial companies. Vendor performance leads the business cycle because an increase in delivery time can indicate rising demand for manufacturing supplies. Vendor performance is measured by a monthly survey from the National Association of Purchasing Managers (NAPM). This diffusion index measures one-half of the respondents reporting no change and all respondents reporting slower deliveries.
Manufacturers' new orders for non-defense capital goods — As stated above, new orders lead the business cycle because increases in orders usually mean positive changes in actual production and perhaps rising demand. This measure is the producer's counterpart of new orders for consumer goods/materials component (#3).
Building permits for new private housing units.
The Standard & Poor's 500 stock index — The S&P 500 is considered a leading indicator because changes in stock prices reflect investor's expectations for the future of the economy and interest rates.
Corporate equities as leading indicator with respect to GDP.
Money Supply (M2) — The money supply measures demand deposits, traveler's checks, savings deposits, currency, money market accounts, and small-denomination time deposits. Here, M2 is adjusted for inflation by means of the deflator published by the federal government in the GDP report. Bank lending, a factor contributing to account deposits, usually declines when inflation increases faster than the money supply, which can make economic expansion more difficult. Thus, an increase in demand deposits will indicate expectations that inflation will rise, resulting in a decrease in bank lending and an increase in savings.
Interest rate spread (10-year Treasury vs. Federal Funds target) — The interest rate spread is often referred to as the yield curve and implies the expected direction of short-, medium- and long-term interest rates. Changes in the yield curve have been the most accurate predictors of downturns in the economic cycle. This is particularly true when the curve becomes inverted, that is, when the longer-term returns are expected to be less than the short rates.
Index of consumer expectations — This is the only component of the leading indicators that is based solely on expectations. This component leads the business cycle because consumer expectations can indicate future consumer spending or tightening. The data for this component comes from the University of Michigan's Survey Research Center, and is released once a month.
Lagging indicators[edit]
Lagging indicators are indicators that usually change after the economy as a whole does. Typically the lag is a few quarters of a year. The unemployment rate is a lagging indicator: employment tends to increase two or three quarters after an upturn in the general economy[citation needed]. In finance, Bollinger bands are one of various lagging indicators in frequent use. In a performance measuring system, profit earned by a business is a lagging indicator as it reflects a historical performance; similarly, improved customer satisfaction is the result of initiatives taken in the past.[citation needed]
The Index of Lagging Indicators is published monthly by The Conference Board, a non-governmental organization, which determines the value of the index from seven components.
The Index tends to follow changes in the overall economy.
The components on the Conference Board's index are:
The average duration of unemployment (inverted)
The value of outstanding commercial and industrial loans
The change in the Consumer Price Index for services
The change in labour cost per unit of output
The ratio of manufacturing and trade inventories to sales
The ratio of consumer credit outstanding to personal income
The average prime rate charged by banks
Federal Funds Rate in the USA lagging behind capacity utilization in manufacturing.
Coincident indicators[edit]
Coincident indicators change at approximately the same time as the whole economy, thereby providing information about the current state of the economy. There are many coincident economic indicators, such as Gross Domestic Product, industrial production, personal income and retail sales. A coincident index may be used to identify, after the fact, the dates of peaks and troughs in the business cycle.[2]
There are four economic statistics comprising the Index of Coincident Economic Indicators:[3]
Number of employees on non-agricultural payrolls
Personal income less transfer payments
Industrial production
Manufacturing and trade sale
The Philadelphia Federal Reserve produces state-level coincident indexes based on 4 state-level variables:[4]
Nonfarm payroll employment
Average hours worked in manufacturing
Unemployment rate
Wage and salary disbursements deflated by the consumer price index (U.S. city average)
By direction[edit]
There are also three terms that describe an economic indicator's direction relative to the direction of the general economy:
The wage share (arguably) as countercyclical, but also as a lagging indicator with respect to the employment rate as procyclical indicator in the USA
Procyclical indicators
move in the same direction as the general economy: they increase when the economy is doing well; decrease when it is doing badly. Gross domestic product (GDP) is a procyclic indicator.
Countercyclical indicators
move in the opposite direction to the general economy. The unemployment rate and the wage share are countercyclic: in the short run they rise when the economy is deteriorating.
Acyclical indicators
are those with little or no correlation to the business cycle: they may rise or fall when the general economy is doing well, and may rise or fall when it is not doing well.[5]
Local indicators[edit]
Local governments often need to project future tax revenues. The city of San Francisco, for example, uses the price of a one-bedroom apartment on Craigslist, weekend subway ridership numbers, parking garage usage, and monthly reports on passenger landings at the city's airport.[6]
See also[edit]
Business and economics portal
Big Mac Index
Bureau of Labor Statistics
CAPRI model
Consumer Confidence Index
Consumer Leverage Ratio
Consumer price index
Core inflation
Economic data
Fundamental analysis
Genuine Progress Index
Gross domestic product
Hemline index
Inflation
Lipstick effect
List of economic reports by U.S. government agencies
Misery index (economics)
The Conference Board
References[edit]
Jump up ^ O'Sullivan, Arthur; Sheffrin, Steven M. (2003). Economics: Principles in Action. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 314.
Jump up ^ Smith, Charles Emrys, "Economic Indicators", in Wankel, C. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Business in Today's World (2009). California, USA.
Jump up ^ Yamarone, Richard (2012). The Trader's Guide to Key Economic Indicators. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 47–63. doi:10.1002/9781118532461.ch2. ISBN 9781118532461.
Jump up ^ "State Coincident Indexes". Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
Jump up ^ About.com, A Beginner's Guide to Economic Indicators, retrieved November 2009. This was the source of "procyclic," "acyclic," etc., as well as confirmation of "leading," "lagging," etc., and the source of some of the examples.
Jump up ^ "A Fresh Approach To Measuring The Economy". 2010-04-11. Retrieved 2010-04-20.
External links[edit]
OECD Economic Indicators
Economic Indicators Mobile App
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
The Conference Board - Economic Indicators
FED101 - Economic Indicators
International Conference on Indicators and Survey Methodology
Economic Indicators Monthly analysis from American Institute for Economic Research (AIER)
U.S. Economic Indicators
United States Economic Indicators (current and historical, open data) - Quandl
Investing.com - Economic Indicators
GPO Economic Indicators
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Interstate 75 in Ohio
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the section of Interstate 75 in Ohio. For the entire route, see Interstate 75.
Interstate 75
Route information
Maintained by ODOT
Length
211.55 mi[2] (340.46 km)
Existed
1957[1] – present
Major junctions
South end
I-71 / I-75 at Kentucky state line
I-71 in Cincinnati
I-74 / US 27 / US 52 in Cincinnati
I-275 in Sharonville
I-675 near Miamisburg
I-70 near Vandalia
I-475 / US 23 near Perrysburg
I-80 / I-90 / Ohio Turnpike in Rossford
I-280 in Toledo
North end
I-75 at Michigan state line
Highway system
Interstate Highway System
Main
Auxiliary
Suffixed
Business
Future
Ohio Highways
Interstate
U.S.
State
Scenic
← SR 74 SR 75 →
Interstate 75 (I-75) runs from Cincinnati to Toledo by way of Dayton in the U.S. state of Ohio. The highway enters the state running concurrently with I-71 from Kentucky on the Brent Spence Bridge over the Ohio River and into the Bluegrass region. I-75 continues north into the Miami Valley and then passes through the Great Black Swamp before crossing into Michigan.
Contents
[hide]
1 Route description
2 History
3 Auxiliary routes in Ohio
4 Exit list
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Route description[edit]
In Cincinnati, approximately 17 miles (27 km) of the highway will be totally reconfigured by three separate ODOT projects happening simultaneously. The Brent Spence Bridge Corridor project will replace the Brent Spence Bridge and continue north to the Western Hills Viaduct. The Mill Creek Expressway project will modernize the Mill Creek Expressway segment of the highway, from the Western Hills Viaduct to the Ronald Reagan Cross County Highway interchange. The Thru the Valley project will continue from the Reagan Highway north to Interstate 275. These projects will improve safety by eliminating all left-hand exit ramps and increasing vehicular capacity.
The segment from West Chester to Middletown was widened in 2010.[3] Construction on the highway continues from Middletown all the way to I-675.
In Dayton, Interstate 75 is currently in the process of total reconfiguration with several projects occurring simultaneously. The intersection of I-75 and I-70 was reconfigured to handle an increased traffic load at the intersection.[1] I-75 through downtown Dayton at the intersections of Ohio State Route 4, US 35, and between are currently under construction for widening and modernization.[2]
Between I-475 in Perrysburg and State Route 15 in Findlay, Interstate 75 is only two lanes wide in each direction, and extremely congested, due to carrying traffic headed towards Dayton via I-75, and Columbus via State Route 15 and US 23. As of July 2014, initial stages of a widening project have begun in order to widen this stretch of road to three lanes in each direction, with an estimated completion date of November 2016.[4] A few miles later, Interstate 75 intersects with I-80/I-90 the Ohio Turnpike. After the interchange, Interstate 75 continues north into Downtown Toledo. Just north of Downtown Toledo, Interstate 475 rejoins with Interstate 75. After continuing northeast, Interstate 75 intersects Interstate 280 (Ohio), which connects to I-80/I-90 the Ohio Turnpike. Following this, Interstate 75 enters Michigan and follows the shore of Lake Erie.
History[edit]
In 2005, ODOT considered reconfiguring I-75's existing interchange in Findlay with US 224 and SR 15 west as a diverging diamond interchange to improve traffic flow. Had it been constructed, it would have been the first such interchange in the United States.[5] By 2006, ODOT had reconsidered, instead adding lanes to the existing overpass.[6][7]
Traffic congestion in the Cincinnati-Dayton corridor has led to proposals for a regional I-75 bypass to divert through traffic.[8]
On January 19, 2015, an overpass north of Hopple Street near Cincinnati collapsed onto the highway below at approximately 10:30 pm.[9] The span that failed was the segment of the former northbound ramp to Hopple Street that passed over the southbound lanes of I-75.[10] The overpass had been closed and was in the process of being removed after a replacement ramp was opened on December 26, 2014. The interstate underneath was open at the time of the failure. One construction worker on the overpass was killed during the collapse by a falling steel beam.[11] A truck driver was injured when his semi hit the fallen overpass immediately after the collapse. One other worker was in a backhoe on the bridge but was uninjured.[12]
Auxiliary routes in Ohio[edit]
This article is in a list format that may be better presented using prose. You can help by converting this article to prose, if appropriate. Editing help is available. (November 2017)
Interstate
City
Type
Notes
Interstate 275 Cincinnati Loop Extends into Indiana and Kentucky
Interstate 475 Toledo Bypass Intersects the Ohio Turnpike
Interstate 675 Dayton Bypass Connects to I-70
Exit list[edit]
County
Location
mi[2]
km
Old exit[13][14]
New exit
Destinations
Notes
Ohio River
0.00
0.00 I-75 south / I-71 – Lexington, Louisville Continuation into Kentucky
Brent Spence Bridge; Kentucky–Ohio state line
Hamilton Cincinnati
0.22
0.35 1 1B I-71 north / US 50 east (Fort Washington Way) to I-471 south / US 52 east / Second Street – Columbus, Downtown Cincinnati, Riverfront North end of I-71 overlap; was exit 1A before the Fort Washington Way reconstruction[15]
0.50
0.80 2 1C Fifth Street, Central Avenue (US 22 / US 27 / US 42 / US 52 / US 127 / SR 3) – Downtown Cincinnati No southbound entrance; was exit 1E before the Fort Washington Way reconstruction
0.63
1.01 3 1D US 50 west (River Road, Sixth Street Expressway, SR 264 west) / Linn Street Northbound exit and southbound entrance; was exit 1G before the Fort Washington Way reconstruction
0.71
1.14 4 1E Seventh Street No northbound exit; was exit 1F before the Fort Washington Way reconstruction
1.24
2.00 5 1F To US 50 west / Freeman Avenue Southbound exit and northbound entrance; was exit 1G before the Fort Washington Way reconstruction
1.44
2.32 6 1G Ezzard Charles Drive No northbound exit, but ramp can be accessed by traffic entering at exits 1B, 1C, and 1E; was exit 1H before the Fort Washington Way reconstruction; formerly signed as Lincoln Park Drive
1.72
2.77 7 2A Western Avenue, Liberty Street Southbound exit and northbound entrance
2.51
4.04 8 2B Harrison Avenue (Western Hills Viaduct)
3.50
5.63 9 3 US 27 south / US 52 east / US 127 / Hopple Street South end of US 27/US 52 overlap
4.23
6.81 10 4 I-74 west / US 27 north / US 52 west – Indianapolis I-74 exit 20; north end of US 27/US 52 overlap.
6.46
10.40 11 6 Mitchell Avenue – St. Bernard
7.81
12.57 13 7 SR 562 east to I-71 – Norwood
8.57
13.79 14 8 Towne Street – Elmwood Place Northbound exit and entrance
9.45
15.21 15 9 SR 4 (Paddock Road) to SR 561 (Seymour Avenue)
10.31
16.59 16 10A SR 126 (Ronald Reagan Cross County Highway) Southbound exit to SR 126 and northbound entrance from westbound SR 126 via exit 10
Arlington Heights
10.89
17.53 17 10B Galbraith Road Signed as exit 10 southbound
Lockland
11.84
19.05 18 12 Lockland, Reading No northbound entrance; southbound right-in/right-out to Cooper Avenue and northbound exit to Davis Street
Evendale
12.92
20.79 19 13 Shepherd Lane, Neumann Way – Lincoln Heights Southbound exit to Neumann Way via Exit 14; Neumann Way serves GE Aviation
14.26
22.95 20 14 Glendale-Milford Road Evendale, Woodlawn
Sharonville
15.39
24.77 21 15 Sharon Road – Glendale
16.79
27.02 22 16 I-275 to I-71 / I-74 – Columbus, Indianapolis I-275 exits 43A-B
Butler West Chester Township
19.24
30.96 19 Union Centre Boulevard – Fairfield
West Chester Township
21.23
34.17 23 21 Cincinnati–Dayton Road Former US 25
West Chester Township
22.82
36.73 24 22 Tylersville Road – Mason
Liberty Township
24.19
38.93 24 SR 129 west / Liberty Way – Hamilton SR 129 exits 25 A–C
Warren Monroe
29.10–
29.11
46.83–
46.85 25 29 SR 63 – Monroe, Lebanon, Hamilton
Middletown
32.82
52.82 26 32 SR 122 – Middletown
Franklin
36.89
59.37 27 36 SR 123 – Franklin, Lebanon
Franklin–Springboro line
38.74
62.35 28 38 SR 73 – Springboro, Franklin
Montgomery Miamisburg–Springboro line
41.56
66.88 41 Austin Boulevard – Springboro, Miamisburg, Washington Township Opened in July 2010[16]

43.51–
43.52
70.02–
70.04 29 43 I-675 north – Columbus Directional T interchange.
Miamisburg
44.66
71.87 30 44 SR 725 – Centerville, Miamisburg
West Carrollton
47.31
76.14 31 47 East Dixie Drive – West Carrollton, Moraine Converted to full access interchange in 2012[17]
Moraine
50.23
80.84 32 50A Dryden Road
50.49
81.26 50B SR 741 south (Springboro Pike) Southbound exit and northbound entrance
Dayton
51.36
82.66 Bridge over the Great Miami River
51.70
83.20 33 51 Edwin C. Moses Boulevard, Nicholas Road
52.14–
52.56
83.91–
84.59 34 52A Albany Street, Stewart Street Former southbound exit and northbound entrance; closed in spring 2010 as part of I-75 Downtown Modernization[18]
52.69
84.80 35 52 US 35 / SR 4 – Xenia, Eaton Southern end of SR 4 concurrency; ramps to westbound US 35 and from eastbound US 35 include entrances and exits for Germantown Street; was exit 52B before Albany Street/Stewart Street exit was removed
53.18
85.58 Bridge over the Great Miami River
53.41
85.96 36 53 Second Street, Salem Avenue, First Street Formerly signed as 53A (Third Street) and 53B (Salem Avenue, First Street) before interchange rebuild in 2016; exit 53 was also formerly exit 37; no southbound access to First Street
53.8
86.6 Bridge over the Great Miami River
54.22
87.26 38 54A Grand Avenue, Riverside Drive, Main Street Closed; southbound originally had two ramps to Riverside Drive which were later removed; access consolidated with newly built Main Street exit as part of I-75 Downtown Modernization[19]
54.38
87.52 39 54A SR 48 (Main Street) Was exit 54B before Grand Avenue/Riverside Drive/Main Street exit was removed
54.63
87.92 Bridge over the Great Miami River
54.84–
54.87
88.26–
88.30 40 54B SR 4 / Webster Street, Keowee Street – Springfield Northern terminus of SR 4 concurrency; was exit 54C before Grand Avenue/Riverside Drive/Main Street exit was removed
55.28–
55.58
88.96–
89.45 41 55 Keowee Street, Leo Street Closed; was signed northbound as exits 55A (Keowee Street south) and 55B (Keowee Street north, Leo Street); access to Keowee consolidated with Webster Street as part of I-75 Downtown Modernization[19]
55.95
90.04 42 56 Stanley Avenue
56.15
90.36 Bridge over the Great Miami River

56.46
90.86 43 57A Neva Drive Former northbound exit and southbound entrance; closed with I-75 Downtown Modernization[19]

56.74
91.31 44 57 Wagner Ford Road, Siebenthaler Avenue, Neff Road Neff Road signed southbound only; southbound exit ramp connects to Neff Road, Keats Drive, and a traffic circle which connects to Wagner Ford Road and Dixie Drive; was exit 57B before Neva Drive exit was removed

58.21
93.68 45 58 Needmore Road

59.72
96.11 59 Wyse Road, Benchwood Road Benchwood Road becomes Wyse Road immediately east of exit

60.71
97.70 46 60 Little York Road Closed; northbound access was via Poe Avenue and southbound access via Miller Lane; replaced by exit 59

61.36–
61.38
98.75–
98.78 47 61 I-70 – Indianapolis, Columbus Signed as exits 61A (east) and 61B (west) southbound; I-70 west exit 33, east exit 33A-B
Vandalia
63.18
101.68 48 63 US 40 – Donnelsville, Vandalia
63.84
102.74 49 64 Northwoods Boulevard
Miami Tipp City
67.96
109.37 50 68 SR 571 – Tipp City, West Milton
69.74
112.24 51 69 County Road 25A Former US 25
Troy
73.19–
73.20
117.79–
117.80 52 73 SR 55 – Ludlow Falls, Troy
75.05
120.78 53 74 SR 41 – Troy, Covington

78.50
126.33 54 78 County Road 25A Former US 25

78.62
126.53 Bridge over the Great Miami River
Piqua
82.06–
82.08
132.06–
132.09 55 82 US 36 – Urbana, Piqua
82.93–
83.11
133.46–
133.75 56 83 County Road 25A – Piqua Former US 25
Shelby Sidney
90.58
145.77 57 90 Fair Road – Sidney

91.96
148.00 58 92 SR 47 / I‑75 Bus. – Sidney, Versailles

93.83
151.00 59 93 SR 29 – Sidney, St. Marys

94.73
152.45 60 94 County Road 25A Sidney Former US 25

99.77
160.56 61 99 SR 119 – Anna, Minster

102.84
165.50 62 102 SR 274 – Jackson Center, New Bremen

104.84
168.72 63 104 SR 219 – Botkins
Auglaize
110.82
178.35 64 110 US 33 – St. Marys, Bellefontaine
Wapakoneta
111.26
179.06 65 111 Bellefontaine Street – Wapakoneta

113.02
181.89 66 113 SR 67 – Uniopolis, Wapakoneta
Cridersville
118.16
190.16 67 118 National Road – Cridersville
Allen Fort Shawnee
120.52
193.96 68 120 Breese Road – Fort Shawnee
Lima
122.63
197.35 69 122 SR 65 – Ottawa, Uniopolis, Lima
124.51
200.38 70 124 Fourth Street
125.43
201.86 71 125 SR 117 / SR 309 – Lima, Kenton

127.15
204.63 72 127 SR 81 – Ada, Lima

130.23
209.58 73 130 Bluelick Road

134.72
216.81 74 134 Napoleon Road Northbound exit and southbound entrance
Beaverdam
135.69
218.37 75 135 SR 696 to US 30 – Delphos, Upper Sandusky Lincoln Highway
Bluffton
140.52
226.15 76 140 Bentley Road (SR 103) – Bluffton
Hancock
142.48
229.30 77 142 SR 103 – Arlington, Bluffton

145.36
233.93 78 145 SR 235 – Ada, Mount Cory
Findlay
156.81
252.36 79 156 US 68 south / SR 15 east / I‑75 Bus. north to US 23 – Carey, Columbus, Kenton South end of SR 15 overlap
157.90
254.12 80 157 SR 12 – Findlay, Columbus Grove
159.10
256.05 81 159 US 224 / SR 15 west – Findlay, Ottawa, Tiffin North end of SR 15 overlap

161.20
259.43 82 161 County Road 99

162.73
261.89 83 Mortimer Added c. 1968;[20][21] removed 1974[22][23]

164.65
264.98 84 164 SR 613 – McComb, Fostoria
Wood
167.15
269.00 85 167 SR 18 – North Baltimore, Fostoria

167.81
270.06 86 168 Eagleville Road, Quarry Road Eastbound access via Grant Road; westbound access via Insley Road

171.86
276.58 87 171 SR 25 – Cygnet Southern terminus of SR 25

179.75
289.28 88 179 US 6 – Fremont, Napoleon US 6 exits 66A-B
Bowling Green
181.41
291.95 89 181 SR 64 / SR 105 – Pemberville, Bowling Green
Haskins
187.24
301.33 90 187 SR 582 – Luckey, Haskins

191.99–
192.60
308.98–
309.96 91 192 I-475 north / US 23 north – Maumee, Ann Arbor South end of US 23 overlap; I-475 exits 0A-B; tri-stack directional T interchange.
Perrysburg
193.85
311.97 92 193 US 20 / US 23 south – Fremont, Perrysburg North end of US 23 overlap
Rossford
195.23–
195.69
314.19–
314.93 — 195 I-80 / I-90 / Ohio Turnpike / SR 795 – Perrysburg, Cleveland, Chicago Connection to the Turnpike opened December 4, 1991;[24]
ramps to SR 795 opened August 22, 1994;[25] signed as 195A (SR 795) and 195B (Ohio Turnpike), exits connected via collector/distributor lanes
197.19
317.35 93 197 Buck Road
Northwood
199.02
320.29 94 198 Wales Road, Oregon Road – Northwood
Lucas Toledo
199.84
321.61 95 199 SR 65 (Miami Street) – Rossford Signed as exits 199A (north) and 199B (south) southbound
199.96
321.80 Michael V. DiSalle Bridge over the Maumee River (to be replaced 2019–2023)[26]
200.60
322.83 96 200 Kuhlman Drive, South Avenue Access To Toledo Zoo (Broadway Street); Kuhlman Drive signed northbound only
201.36–
201.68
324.06–
324.57 97 201A To SR 25 south / Collingwood Avenue – Maumee Northbound exit and southbound entrance from eastbound Collingwood Avenue; provides access from northbound I-75 to southbound SR 25 and from northbound SR 25 to southbound I-75
201.68
324.57 98 201B SR 25 – Downtown Toledo, Maumee Directional access (northbound to northbound and southbound to southbound) only; Downtown Toledo signed northbound only, Maumee signed southbound only
202.03
325.14 99 202A Washington Street – Downtown Toledo Southbound exit via Indiana Avenue and northbound entrance
202.49
325.88 100 202B Collingwood Boulevard Southbound exit and northbound entrance
203.33
327.23 100 203A Bancroft Street Northbound exit and southbound entrance via Lawrence Avenue
203.68
327.79 101 203B US 24 (Detroit Avenue) to SR 51 (Monroe Street) Exit located at Detroit Avenue
204.21–
204.52
328.64–
329.14 — 204 I-475 west to US 23 – Sylvania, Maumee, Ann Arbor I-475 exits 20A-B; semi-directional T interchange.
204.73–
204.89
329.48–
329.74 102 205A Jeep Parkway Interchange closed from March 2015 to July 2018 for reconstruction[27]
205.46
330.66 103 205B Berdan Avenue Former northbound exit and southbound entrance; closed October 2016[28]
205.55
330.80 Viaduct over the Ottawa River
206.00
331.52 104 206 To US 24 / Phillips Avenue
206.93
333.02 105 207 Stickney Avenue, Lagrange Street
207.76–
207.86
334.36–
334.52 106 208 I-280 south to I-80 east / I-90 east / Ohio Turnpike east – Cleveland Southbound I-75 to southbound I-280: 14-foot-4-inch (4.37 m) clearance warning
209.52
337.19 107 209 Ottawa River Road Northbound exit and southbound entrance
209.84
337.70 Bridge over the Ottawa River
210.52
338.80 108 210 SR 184 (Alexis Road)
211.55
340.46 I-75 north – Detroit Continuation into Michigan
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
Closed/former
Concurrency terminus
Incomplete access
See also[edit]
Ohio portal
U.S. Roads portal
List of unused highways in Ohio
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ohio Department of Transportation. "Ohio Interstate History Timeline". Ohio Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on May 6, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b Office of Technical Services (January 1, 2007). "Straight Line Diagrams". Ohio Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on February 19, 2003.
Jump up ^ "Work, Closures Continue On I-75 Near West Chester". Cincinnati: WLWT-TV. March 24, 2008.
Jump up ^ Ohio Department of Transportation. "ODOT 2014 Construction Highlights". Ohio Department of Transportation. Retrieved October 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ Patch, David (May 2, 2005). "French Connection May Control Traffic Flow". The Blade. Toledo, OH. Retrieved April 8, 2014.
Jump up ^ Sedensky, Matt (March 30, 2006). "Missouri Drivers May Go to the Left". Star-News. Wilmington, NC. Associated Press. Retrieved April 8, 2014 – via Google News.
Jump up ^ "Wrong Way? Not in Kansas City". Land Line Magazine. March 31, 2006. Retrieved April 8, 2014.
Jump up ^ Emmert, Tom (August 11, 2004). "Area Needs a 'Beeline Bypass' for Trucks". The Cincinnati Enquirer (Editorial). Retrieved April 21, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Morning Commute Slows After Southwest Ohio Overpass Collapse". MSN.com. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Deadly Overpass Collapse: I-75 Closed After Overpass Collapse Kills Worker, Injures Semi Driver". Cincinnati: WCPO-TV. Archived from the original on January 21, 2015. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ Molski, Henry (January 19, 2015). "1 Confirmed Dead, 1 Injured in Ohio Overpass Collapse". USA Today. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Officials: 2 People Were on Collapsed I-75 Bridge". The Cincinnati Enquirer. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ Ohio Department of Highways (1969). Official Highway Map (MrSID) (Map). c. 1:563,200. Columbus: Ohio Department of Highways. OCLC 5673562, 7448779.
Jump up ^ Ohio Department of Transportation (1976). Ohio Transportation Map (MrSID) (Map). Scale not given. Columbus: Ohio Department of Transportation. Cincinnati inset. OCLC 5673562, 13655720, 35168139.
Jump up ^ Mecklenborg, Jake. "Brent Spence Bridge Photographs". Cincinnati-Transit.net.
Jump up ^ "ODOT Announces the Opening of I-75/Austin Boulevard Interchange" (Press release). Ohio Department of Transportation. July 2, 2010. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
Jump up ^ District 7. "West Carrollton Interchange". Ohio Department of Transportation.
Jump up ^ District 7. "Modernization of I-75 through Downtown Dayton: I-75 and US 35 Downtown Dayton Phase 1B". Ohio Department of Transportation.
^ Jump up to: a b c District 7. "Modernization of I-75 through Downtown Dayton: I-75 and SR 4 Phase 1A & Stanley Avenue". Ohio Department of Transportation.
Jump up ^ Ohio Department of Highways (1967). Official Highway Map (MrSID) (Map). c. 1:563,200. Columbus: Ohio Department of Highways. § E6. OCLC 5673562, 7444249.
Jump up ^ Ohio Department of Highways (1969). Official Highway Map (MrSID) (Map). c. 1:563,200. Columbus: Ohio Department of Highways. § E6. OCLC 5673562, 7448779.
Jump up ^ Ohio Department of Transportation (1973). Ohio Transportation Map (MrSID) (Map). 1:554,400. Columbus: Ohio Department of Transportation. § E6. OCLC 5673562.
Jump up ^ Ohio Department of Transportation (1974). Ohio Transportation Map (MrSID) (Map). 1:554,400. Columbus: Ohio Department of Transportation. § E6. OCLC 5673562.
Jump up ^ Harvey, Hank (December 5, 1991). "Perrysburg I-75 Link to Turnpike Opens". The Blade. Toledo, OH. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ Patch, David (August 23, 1994). "Interchange Expected to Spur Region's Development". The Blade. Toledo, OH. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ Patch, David (May 20, 2015). "DiSalle Bridge to Be Replaced". The Blade. Toledo, OH. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Interstate 75 Widening Project in Toledo". Ohio Department of Transportation. March 2, 2015. Retrieved May 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ Patch, David (October 4, 2016). "Local Berdan/I-75 traffic Shift Begins Tonight, Starts Series of Changes". The Blade. Toledo, OH. Retrieved October 6, 2016.
External links[edit]
Route map: Google
KML file (edit • help)
Display on Google Maps
Template:Attached KML/Interstate 75 in Ohio
KML is from Wikidata
Wikinews has related news: Left-side driving part of a planned Findlay, Ohio interchange reconfiguration
Media related to Interstate 75 in Ohio at Wikimedia Commons
Interstate 75
Previous state:
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text:
Microscope slide
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Glass slide" redirects here. The term may also refer to photographic slides.
It has been suggested that Cover slip be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since March 2018.
A set of standard 75 by 25 mm microscope slides. The white area can be written on to label the slide.
A microscope slide (top) and a cover slip (bottom)
A microscope slide is a thin flat piece of glass, typically 75 by 26 mm (3 by 1 inches) and about 1 mm thick, used to hold objects for examination under a microscope. Typically the object is mounted (secured) on the slide, and then both are inserted together in the microscope for viewing. This arrangement allows several slide-mounted objects to be quickly inserted and removed from the microscope, labeled, transported, and stored in appropriate slide cases or folders.
Microscope slides are often used together with a cover slip or cover glass, a smaller and thinner sheet of glass that is placed over the specimen. Slides are held in place on the microscope's stage by slide clips, slide clamps or a cross-table which is used to achieve precise, remote movement of the slide upon the microscope's stage (such as in an automated / computer operated system, or where touching the slide with fingers is inappropriate either due to the risk of contamination or lack of precision)
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Dimensions and types
3 Mounting
3.1 Dry mount
3.2 Wet mount or temporary mount
3.3 Prepared mount or permanent mount
3.4 Dry mount
3.5 Mounting media
3.5.1 Examples of mounting media
3.5.1.1 Aqueous
3.5.1.2 Non-Aqueous
4 Contrasting with other types/meanings of "mounting"
5 See also
6 References
History[edit]
A microscope slide prepared in 1855 containing reference specimens from the inner mucosa of the small intestine of a cholera victim.
The origin of the concept was pieces of ivory or bone, containing specimens held between disks of transparent mica, that would slide into the gap between the stage and the objective.[1] These "sliders" were popular in Victorian England until the Royal Microscopical Society introduced the standardized glass microscope slide.[2]
Dimensions and types[edit]
Common dimensions of microscope slides (in mm).
A standard microscope slide measures about 75 mm by 25 mm (3″ by 1″) and is about 1 mm thick. A range of other sizes are available for various special purposes, such as 75 x 50 mm and for geological use, 46 x 27 mm for petrographic studies, and 48 x 28 mm for thin sections. Slides are usually made of common glass and their edges are often finely ground or polished.
Microscope slides are usually made of optical quality glass, such as soda lime glass or borosilicate glass, but specialty plastics are also used. Fused quartz slides are often used when ultraviolet transparency is important, e.g. in fluorescence microscopy.[3][4]
While plain slides are the most common, there are several specialized types. A concavity slide or cavity slide has one or more shallow depressions ("wells"), designed to hold slightly thicker objects, and certain samples such as liquids and tissue cultures.[5] Slides may have rounded corners for increased safety or robustness, or a cut-off corner for use with a slide clamp or cross-table, where the slide is secured by a spring-loaded curved arm contacting one corner, forcing the opposing corner of the slide against a right angled arm which does not move. If this system were used with a slide which did not incorporate these cut-off corners, the corners would chip and the slide could shatter.[5]
A graticule slide is marked with a grid of lines (for example, a 1 mm grid) that allows the size of objects seen under magnification to be easily estimated and provides reference areas for counting minute objects. Sometimes one square of the grid will itself be subdivided into a finer grid. Slides for specialized applications, such as hemocytometers for cell counting, may have various reservoirs, channels and barriers etched or ground on their upper surface.[6] Various permanent markings or masks may be printed, sand-blasted, or deposited on the surface by the manufacturer, usually with inert materials such as PTFE.[7]
A Neubauer slide for cell counting.
Microscope image of a Neubauer slide's graticule being used to count cells.
A Neubauer slide held in place on a microscope stand by a slide clamp on a cross-table.
Some slides have a frosted or enamel-coated area at one end, for labeling with a pencil or pen.[5] Slides may have special coatings applied by the manufacturer, e.g. for chemical inertness or enhanced cell adhesion. The coating may have a permanent electric charge to hold thin or powdery samples. Common coatings include poly-L-lysine, silanes, epoxy resins,[5][7] or even gold.[8]
Mounting[edit]
Blood smears for pathological examination, an example of wet mount.
Microscope slides with prepared, stained, and labeled tissue specimens in a standard 20-slide folder.
The mounting of specimens on microscope slides is often critical for successful viewing. The problem has been given much attention in the last two centuries and is a well-developed area with many specialized and sometimes quite sophisticated techniques.
Dry mount[edit]
In a dry mount, the simplest kind of mounting, the object is merely placed on the slide. A cover slip may be placed on top to protect the specimen and the microscope's objective and to keep the specimen still and pressed flat. This mounting can be successfully used for viewing specimens like pollen, feathers, hairs, etc. It is also used to examine particles caught in transparent membrane filters (e.g., in analysis of airborne dust).
Wet mount or temporary mount[edit]
In a wet mount, the specimen is placed in a drop of water or other liquid held between the slide and the cover slip by surface tension. This method is commonly used, for example, to view microscopic organisms that grow in pond water or other liquid media, especially when studying their movement and behavior. Care must be taken to exclude air bubbles that would interfere with the viewing and hamper the organisms' movements. An example of a temporary wet mount is a lactofuchsin mount, which provides both a sample mounting, as well as a fuchsine staining.
Prepared mount or permanent mount[edit]
For pathological and biological research, the specimen usually undergoes a complex histological preparation that involves fixing it to prevent decay, removing any water contained in it, replacing the water with paraffin, cutting it into very thin sections using a microtome, placing the sections on a microscope slide, staining the tissue using various stains to reveal specific tissue components, clearing the tissue to render it transparent and covering it with a coverslip and mounting medium.
Dry mount[edit]
Strew mounting describes the production of palynological microscope slides by suspending a concentrated sample in distilled water, placing the samples on a slide, and allowing the water to evaporate.[9]
Mounting media[edit]
The mounting medium is the solution in which the specimen is embedded, generally under a cover glass. Simple liquids like water or glycerol can be considered mounting media, though the term generally refers to compounds that harden into a permanent mount. Popular mounting media include Permount [10], and Hoyer's mounting medium and an alternative glycerine jelly [11] Properties of a good mounting medium include having a refractive index close to that of glass (1.518), non-reactivity with the specimen, stability over time without crystallizing, darkening, or changing refractive index, solubility in the medium the specimen was prepared in (either aqueous or non-polar, such as xylene or toluene), and not causing the specimen stain to fade or leach.[12]
Examples of mounting media[edit]
Aqueous[edit]
Popularly used in immunofluorescent cytochemistry where the fluorescence cannot be archived. The temporary storage must be done in a dark moist chamber. Common examples are:
Glycerol-PBS (9:1) with antiquench e.g. any of the following[13]
p-phenylenediamine
propyl gallate
1,4-Diazabicyclo (2,2,2)-octane (DABCO) (very popular)
Ascorbic acid
Mowiol or Gelvatol
Gelatin
Mount™
Vectashield
Prolong Gold
CyGEL / CyGEL Sustain (to immobilize living, unfixed cells and organisms)
Non-Aqueous[edit]
Slide of 60-year-old holotype specimen of a flatworm (Lethacotyle fijiensis) permanently mounted in Canada balsam
Used when a permanent mount is required
Permount™ (toluene and a polymer of a-pinene, b-pinene, dipentene, b-phellandrene)
Canada balsam
DPX (Distrene 80 - a commercial polystyrene, a Plasticizer e.g. dibutyl phthalate and Xylene)
DPX new (with Xylene but free of carcinogenic Dibutyl phthalate)
Entellan™ (with Toluene)
Entellan™ new
Hempstead Halide™ Hoyer's Medium (a proprietary formulation of the traditional Hoyer's Medium containing 60% Chloral, but free of known carcinogens)
Neo-Mount™ (compatible with aliphatic Neo-Clear® but not compatible with aromatic solvents like Xylene)
Contrasting with other types/meanings of "mounting"[edit]
In contrast to mounting necessary for glass coverslips, somewhat similar mounting can be done for bulkier specimen preservation in glass containers in museums. However an entirely different type of mounting is done for sample preparation, which can be for biological or nonbiological materials and is further subdivided into "hot"(compressive) and "cold" (castable) type mounting processes.[14][15] Though named "mounting", it is more akin to embedding in histology and should not be confused with the mounting described above. The term mounting in other fields has numerous other meanings.
See also[edit]
Petri dish
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Adam, George. Essays on the microscope. 1798
Jump up ^ Connett, Jess (4 October 2017). "The art of the invisible". Bristol24-7. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Quartz Microscospe Slides and Cover Slips from a commercial website (Ted Pella). Accessed on 2010-01-23.
Jump up ^ Quartz Microscope Slides and Cover Slips catalog page from a commercial website (SPI Supplies). Accessed on 2010-01-23.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Histology and Light Microscopy catalog page from a commercial website (EMS). Accessed on 2010-01-23.
Jump up ^ "Lentz Microscopy Collection" (PDF). Retrieved 29 March 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Microscope Slides catalog page from a commercial website (TEKDON). Accessed on 2010-01-23.
Jump up ^ Gold Coated Microscope Slides and DNA Imaging Kit catalog page from a commercial website (Asylum Research). Accessed on 2011-08-31.
Jump up ^ Zippi, Pierre A. (1991). "SEM and Light Microscope Mounting and Specimen Location Technique for Same-Specimen Study of Palynological Strew Mounts". Micropaleontology. 37 (4): 407–413. doi:10.2307/1485913. JSTOR 1485913.
Jump up ^ "Material Safety Data Sheet, Permount Mounting Media" (PDF). Retrieved 29 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Glycerine Jelly as a Substitute for Hoyer's Solution Mountant". www.mobot.org. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Medical Laboratory Science : Theory And Practice By Ochei & Kolkatker, p. 446.
Jump up ^ Fluorescence specimen mounting, mounting medium, and antiquench agents- UCLA Brain Research Institute
Jump up ^ Cold and Hot Mounting Media, Molds, and Pressure Chamber - Electron Microscopy Sciences
Jump up ^ Allied High Tech - Allied High Tech Products | Metallographic Mounting Equipment
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