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Toyota
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For other uses, see Toyota (disambiguation).
Toyota Motor Corporation
Toyota's headquarters in Toyota City, Japan
Native name
トヨタ自動車株式会社
Romanized name
Toyota Jidosha KK
Type
Public (K.K.)
Traded as
TYO: 7203
LSE: TYT
NYSE: TM
TOPIX Core 30 Component
ISIN
JP3633400001
Industry
Automotive
Founded
August 28, 1937; 80 years ago (1937-08-28)
Founder
Kiichiro Toyoda
Headquarters
Toyota, Aichi, Japan
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Takeshi Uchiyamada (Chairman)
Shigeru Hayakawa (Vice Chairman)
Akio Toyoda (President)
Products
Automobiles, luxury vehicles, commercial vehicles, engines
Production output
16,985,870 units (CY 2015)[1]
Services
Banking, financing, leasing
Revenue
¥28.40 trillion (2016)[2]
Operating income
¥2.85 trillion (2016)[2]
Profit
¥2.31 trillion (2016)[2]
Total assets
¥47.42 trillion (2016)[2]
Total equity
¥17.22 trillion (2016)[2]
Owner
Japan Trustee Services Bank (9.70%)
Toyota Industries (6.73%)[3]
The Master Trust Bank of Japan (5.32%)
Nippon Life (3.59%)[3]
Denso (2.59%)[3]
Number of employees
364,445 (2017)[4]
Divisions
Lexus
Scion (defunct)
TRD
Subsidiaries
545[5]
List[show]
Japan:
Hino (57.21%)
Daihatsu
Toyota Financial Services
Toyota Motor East Japan
International:
Toyota Pakistan
Toyota Motor North America
Toyota Kirloskar India (89%)
Toyota Canada (51%)
Toyota Motor Sales USA
Toyota Motor Europe
Toyota Motor Manufacturing UK
Toyota (GB) PLC
Toyota Motor Manufacturing France
Toyota Motor Thailand (86.43%)
Toyota Peugeot Citroën Automobile Czech (50%)
Toyota Motor Russia
Toyota Motor Corporation Australia
Toyota South Africa Motors
Perodua (25%)
Website
toyota-global.com
Toyota Motor Corporation (Japanese: トヨタ自動車株式会社, Hepburn: Toyota Jidōsha KK, IPA: [toꜜjota], English: /tɔɪˈoʊtə/) is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota, Aichi, Japan. In 2017, Toyota's corporate structure consisted of 364,445 employees worldwide[6] and, as of October 2016[update], was the fifth-largest company in the world by revenue. As of 2016, Toyota is the world's largest automotive manufacturer. Toyota was the world's first automobile manufacturer to produce more than 10 million vehicles per year which it has done since 2012, when it also reported the production of its 200-millionth vehicle.[7] As of July 2014[update], Toyota was the largest listed company in Japan by market capitalization (worth more than twice as much as #2-ranked SoftBank)[8] and by revenue.[9][10]
Toyota is the world's market leader in sales of hybrid electric vehicles, and one of the largest companies to encourage the mass-market adoption of hybrid vehicles across the globe. Cumulative global sales of Toyota and Lexus hybrid passenger car models achieved the 10 million milestone in January 2017. Its Prius family is the world's top selling hybrid nameplate with over 6 million units sold worldwide as of January 2017[update].[11]
The company was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937, as a spinoff from his father's company Toyota Industries to create automobiles. Three years earlier, in 1934, while still a department of Toyota Industries, it created its first product, the Type A engine, and its first passenger car in 1936, the Toyota AA. Toyota Motor Corporation produces vehicles under five brands, including the Toyota brand, Hino, Lexus, Ranz, and Daihatsu. It also holds a 16.66% stake in Subaru Corporation, a 5.9% stake in Isuzu, as well as joint-ventures with two in China (GAC Toyota and Sichuan FAW Toyota Motor), one in India (Toyota Kirloskar), one in the Czech Republic (TPCA), along with several "nonautomotive" companies.[12] TMC is part of the Toyota Group, one of the largest conglomerates in Japan.
Contents
[hide]
1 Corporate governance
1.1 Global Ranking
2 History
2.1 1930s
2.2 1940s–1950s
2.3 1960s–1970s
2.4 1980s
2.5 1990s
2.6 2000s
2.7 2010s
3 Recalls
3.1 2009
3.2 2012
3.3 2014
4 Logo and branding
4.1 Japan
4.2 Toyota slogans
4.2.1 Australia
4.2.2 Bangladesh
4.2.3 Europe
4.2.4 India
4.2.5 Indonesia
4.2.6 Japan
4.2.7 Malaysia
4.2.8 Philippines
4.2.9 Singapore
4.2.10 South Africa
4.2.11 South Korea
4.2.12 Sri Lanka
4.2.13 Thailand
4.2.14 United States
4.3 Sports
5 Company strategy
5.1 Operations
5.2 Worldwide presence
5.2.1 North America
5.2.2 Europe
5.2.3 Australia
6 Product line
6.1 Electric technology
6.1.1 Hybrid electric vehicles
6.1.2 Plug-in hybrids
6.1.3 All-electric vehicles
6.1.4 Hydrogen fuel-cell
6.2 Cars
6.2.1 SUVs and crossovers
6.2.2 Pickup trucks
6.2.3 Luxury-type vehicles
6.3 Buses
6.4 Pleasure boats
7 Motorsports
7.1 TRD
8 Nonautomotive activities
8.1 Aerospace
8.2 Philanthropy
8.3 Higher education
8.4 Robotics
8.5 Agricultural biotechnology
8.6 Sewing machine technology
9 Environmental record
10 Production and sales numbers
11 Labor problem
11.1 Death from overwork
11.2 21 June 2010 Chinese labour strike
12 See also
13 References
14 External links
Corporate governance[edit]
Principal headquarters building of Toyota
Toyota is headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi.[13] The main headquarters of Toyota is located in a 4-storey building in Toyota. As of 2006, the head office has the "Toyopet" Toyota logo and the words "Toyota Motor". The Toyota Technical Center, a 14-story building, and the Honsha plant, Toyota's second plant engaging in mass production and formerly named the Koromo plant, are adjacent to one another in a location near the headquarters. Vinod Jacob from The Hindu described the main headquarters building as "modest".[14] In 2013, company head Akio Toyoda reported that it had difficulties retaining foreign employees at the headquarters due to the lack of amenities in the city.[15]
Its Tokyo office is located in Bunkyo, Tokyo. Its Nagoya office is located in Nakamura-ku, Nagoya.[13] In addition to manufacturing automobiles, Toyota provides financial services through its Toyota Financial Services division, and also builds robots.
Akio Toyoda, CEO of Toyota, at the annual results press conference, May 11, 2011
Toyota's global network:
Red – Japan
Green – Official dealership(s) present.
Blue – Localized manufacturing plant(s)
Cyan – Regional headquarters (HQ)
Dark Blue – Regional headquarters (HQ) and localized manufacturing plants
Typical breakdown of sales by region
Presidents of Toyota Motor Company:
Rizaburo Toyoda (1937–1941)
Kiichiro Toyoda (1941–1950)
Taizo Ishida (1950–1961)
Fukio Nakagawa (1961–1967)
Eiji Toyoda (1967–1981)
In 1981, Toyota Motor Co., Ltd. announced plans to merge with its sales entity Toyota Motor Sales Co., Ltd. Since 1950, the two entities had existed as separate companies as a prerequisite for reconstruction in postwar Japan. Shoichiro Toyoda presided over Toyota Motor Sales in preparation for the consummation of the merger that occurred in 1982. Shoichiro then succeeded his uncle Eiji as the President of the combined organization that then became known as Toyota Motor Corporation.
Presidents of Toyota Motor Corporation:
Eiji Toyoda (1981)
Shoichiro Toyoda (1982–1992)[16]
Tatsuro Toyoda (1992–1995)[16]
Hiroshi Okuda (1995–1999)
Fujio Cho (1999–2005)
Katsuaki Watanabe (2005–2009)
Akio Toyoda (2009–present)
Chairmen of Toyota Motor Corporation:
Shoichiro Toyoda (1992–1999)
Hiroshi Okuda (1999–2006)
Fujio Cho (2006–2013)
Takeshi Uchiyamada (2013–present)
On June 14, 2013, Toyota Motor Corp. announced the appointment of external board members; this was a first for the corporation and occurred following approval from general shareholders at a meeting on the same day. Additionally, Vice Chairman Takeshi Uchiyamada replaced Fujio Cho as chairman, as the latter became an honorary chairman while Toyoda remains in the post of President.[17]
Toyota is publicly traded on the Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, Fukuoka, and Sapporo exchanges under company code TYO: 7203. In addition, Toyota is foreign-listed on the New York Stock Exchange under NYSE: TM and on the London Stock Exchange under LSE: TYT. Toyota has been publicly traded in Japan since 1949 and internationally since 1999.[18]
As reported on its consolidated financial statements, Toyota has 540 consolidated subsidiaries and 226 affiliates.
Toyota Motor North America (100% – 2004)
Toyota Canada Inc. (51% – 2013)
Toyota Tsusho – Trading company for the Toyota Group
Daihatsu Motor Company (100%)
Hino Motors (50.1% – 2001)
Lexus 100% (1989)
Scion 100% (2003)
DENSO (24.74% – September 30, 2006)
Toyota Industries (23.51% – March 31, 2006)
Aisin Seiki Co. (23.0% – September 30, 2006)
Subaru Corporation (16.66% – June 28, 2008)
Isuzu Motors (5.9% – November 10, 2006)
PT Toyota Astra Motor (49% – 2003)
Noble Automotive (23% – 2014)
PT Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia[19] (95% – 2003)
Global Ranking[edit]
Toyota, which earlier was the world's third largest automotive manufacturer behind American General Motors and Ford, produced for first time in history more vehicles than Ford in 2005, and in 2006 even more than General Motors and has been the world's largest automotive manufacturer since then, except in 2011 when it, triggered by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, fell to the #3 position behind General Motors and German Volkswagen Group.
History[edit]
Main article: History of Toyota
1930s[edit]
In 1924, Sakichi Toyoda invented the Toyoda Model G Automatic Loom. The principle of jidoka, which means the machine stops itself when a problem occurs, became later a part of the Toyota Production System. Looms were built on a small production line. In 1929, the patent for the automatic loom was sold to the British company Platt Brothers[20], generating the starting capital for the automobile development.[21]
Mass production of Toyoda automated loom, displayed at the Toyota Museum in Nagakute-cho, Aichi-gun, Aichi Pref. Japan
The production of Toyota automobiles was started in 1933 as a division of Toyoda Automatic Loom Works devoted to the production of automobiles under the direction of the founder's son, Kiichiro Toyoda.[22] Its first vehicles were the A1 passenger car and the G1 in 1935. The Toyota Motor Co. was established as an independent company in 1937
Toyoda Standard Sedan AA 1936
Vehicles were originally sold under the name "Toyoda" (トヨダ), from the family name of the company's founder, Kiichirō Toyoda. In April 1936, Toyoda's first passenger car, the Model AA, was completed. The sales price was 3,350 yen, 400 yen cheaper than Ford or GM cars.[23]
House of Toyota founder Kiichiro Toyoda, near Toyota City[24]
In September 1936, the company ran a public competition to design a new logo. Of 27,000 entries, the winning entry was the three Japanese katakana letters for "Toyoda" in a circle. But Rizaburo Toyoda, who had married into the family and was not born with that name, preferred "Toyota" (トヨタ) because it took eight brush strokes (a lucky number) to write in Japanese, was visually simpler (leaving off the diacritic at the end), and with a voiceless consonant instead of a voiced one (voiced consonants are considered to have a "murky" or "muddy" sound compared to voiceless consonants, which are "clear").
Inside the house of Toyota founder Kiichiro Toyoda, near Toyota City
Since toyoda literally means "fertile rice paddies", changing the name also prevented the company from being associated with old-fashioned farming. The newly formed word was trademarked and the company was registered in August 1937 as the Toyota Motor Company.[25][26][27]
The Supra JZA80 has now become an automobile icon the world over. Rivaling Nissan's GTR.
The MR2 SW20, a mid-engine sports car from the 1990s.
First-generation Toyopet Crown Model RSD (1955/1 – 1958/10)
Toyota at the Rally Dakar, 1992
1940s–1950s[edit]
From September 1947, Toyota's small-sized vehicles were sold under the name "Toyopet" (トヨペット).[28] The first vehicle sold under this name was the Toyopet SA,[29] but it also included vehicles such as the Toyopet SB light truck, Toyopet Stout light truck,[30] Toyopet Crown, Toyopet Master, and the Toyopet Corona. The word "Toyopet (Japanese article)" was a nickname given to the Toyota SA due to its small size, as the result of a naming contest the Toyota Company organized in 1947. However, when Toyota eventually entered the American market in 1957 with the Crown, the name was not well received due to connotations of toys and pets.[31] The name was soon dropped for the American market, but continued in other markets until the mid-1960s.
1960s–1970s[edit]
By the early 1960s, the US had begun placing stiff import tariffs on certain vehicles. The so-called "chicken tax" of 1964 placed a 25% tax on imported light trucks.[32] In response to the tariff, Toyota, Nissan Motor Co. and Honda Motor Co. began building plants in the US by the early 1980s.[32]
1980s[edit]
With over 40 million sold, the Corolla is one of the most popular and best selling cars in the world.
Toyota received its first Japanese Quality Control Award at the start of the 1980s and began participating in a wide variety of motorsports. Due to the 1973 oil crisis, consumers in the lucrative US market began turning to small cars with better fuel economy. American car manufacturers had considered small economy cars to be an entry-level product, and their small vehicles employed a low level of quality to keep the price low. Conservative Toyota held on to rear-wheel-drive designs for longer than most; while a clear first in overall production they were only third in production of front-wheel-drive cars in 1983, behind Nissan and Honda. In part due to this, Nissan's Sunny managed to squeeze by the Corolla in numbers built that year.[33]
In 1982, the Toyota Motor Company and Toyota Motor Sales merged into one company, the Toyota Motor Corporation. Two years later, Toyota entered into a joint venture with General Motors called the New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc, NUMMI, operating an automobile-manufacturing plant in Fremont, California. The factory was an old General Motors plant that had been closed for two years. Toyota then started to establish new brands at the end of the 1980s, with the launch of their luxury division Lexus in 1989.
1990s[edit]
In the 1990s, Toyota began to branch out from producing mostly compact cars by adding many larger and more luxurious vehicles to its lineup, including a full-sized pickup, the T100 (and later the Tundra), several lines of SUVs, a sport version of the Camry, known as the Camry Solara, and the Scion brand. They would also launch newer and arguably more iconic iterations of their sports cars, namely the MR2, Celica, and Supra during this era, all of which have already become icons of the 1990s.
With a major presence in Europe, due to the success of Toyota Team Europe, the corporation decided to set up Toyota Motor Europe Marketing and Engineering, TMME, to help market vehicles in the continent. Two years later, Toyota set up a base in the United Kingdom, TMUK, as the company's cars had become very popular among British drivers. Bases in Indiana, Virginia, and Tianjin were also set up. In 1999, the company decided to list itself on the New York and London Stock Exchanges.
2000s[edit]
In 2001, Toyota's Toyo Trust and Banking merged with two other banks to form UFJ Bank, which was accused of corruption by Japan's government for making bad loans to alleged Yakuza crime syndicates with executives accused of blocking Financial Service Agency inspections.[34] The UFJ was listed among Fortune Magazine's largest money-losing corporations in the world, with Toyota's chairman serving as a director.[35] At the time, the UFJ was one of the largest shareholders of Toyota. As a result of Japan's banking crisis, UFJ merged with the Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi to become the Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group.
In 2002, Toyota managed to enter a Formula One works team and establish joint ventures with French motoring companies Citroën and Peugeot a year after Toyota started producing cars in France.
Toyota ranked eighth on Forbes 2000 list of the world's leading companies for the year 2005[36] but slid to 55 for 2011.[37] The company was number one in global automobile sales for the first quarter of 2008.[38]
In 2007, Toyota released an update of its full-sized truck, the Tundra, produced in two American factories, one in Texas and one in Indiana. Motor Trend named the Tundra "Truck of the Year", and the 2007 Toyota Camry "Car of the Year" for 2007. It also began the construction of two new factories, one to build the RAV4 in Woodstock, Ontario, Canada, and the other to build the Toyota Prius in Blue Springs, Mississippi, USA. This plant was originally intended to build the Toyota Highlander, but Toyota decided to use the plant in Princeton, Indiana, USA, instead. The company has also found recent success with its smaller models—the Corolla and Yaris.
2010s[edit]
In 2011, Toyota, along with large parts of the Japanese automotive industry, suffered from a series of natural disasters. The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami led to a severe disruption of the supplier base and a drop in production and exports.[39][40] Severe flooding during the 2011 monsoon season in Thailand affected Japanese automakers that had chosen Thailand as a production base. Toyota is estimated to have lost production of 150,000 units to the tsunami and production of 240,000 units to the floods.
On February 10, 2014, it was announced that Toyota would cease manufacturing vehicles and engines in Australia by the end of 2017.[41][42] The decision was based on the unfavourable Australian dollar making exports not viable, the high cost of local manufacture and the high amount of competition in a relatively small local market.[42] The company plans to consolidate its corporate functions in Melbourne by the end of 2017. The head office will remain in Port Melbourne and the Altona plant will be retained for other functions. The workforce is expected to be reduced from 3,900 to 1,300.[43]
The automaker narrowly topped global sales for the first half of 2014, selling 5.1 million vehicles in the six months ending June 30, 2014, an increase of 3.8% on the same period the previous year. Volkswagen AG, which recorded sales of 5.07 million vehicles, was close behind.[44]
In August 2014, Toyota announced it would be cutting its spare-parts prices in China by up to 35%. The company admitted the move was in response to a probe foreshadowed earlier in the month by China's National Development and Reform Commission of Toyota's Lexus spare-parts policies, as part of an industry-wide investigation into what the Chinese regulator considers exorbitantly high prices being charged by automakers for spare parts and after-sales servicing.[45]
In November 2015, the company announced that it would invest US$1 billion over the next 5 years into artificial intelligence and robotics research.[46] In 2016, Toyota invested in Uber.[47]
In March 2016, Toyota partnered with Yanmar to create a fibreglass pleasure boat using Yanmar outboard marine diesel engines or Toyota inboard engines.[48]
Recalls[edit]
2009[edit]
From November 2009 through 2010, Toyota recalled more than 9 million cars and trucks worldwide in several recall campaigns, and briefly halted production and sales.[49] Toyota initiated the recalls, the first two with the assistance of the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), after reports that several vehicles experienced unintended acceleration.
Main article: 2009–11 Toyota vehicle recalls
2012[edit]
In October 2012, Toyota announced a recall of 7.43 million vehicles worldwide to fix malfunctioning power window switches, the largest recall since that of Ford Motor Company in 1996. The move came after a series of recalls between 2009 and 2011 in which it pulled back around 10 million cars amidst claims of faulty mechanics.[50] In March 2014, Toyota agreed to pay a fine of US$1.2 billion for concealing information and misleading the public about the safety issues behind the recalls on Toyota and Lexus vehicles affected by unintended acceleration.
2014[edit]
In early November 2014, Toyota USA enlisted a recall involving defective inflaters and propellant devices that may deploy improperly in the event of a crash, shooting metal fragments into vehicle occupants. More than 7 million vehicles are potentially affected in the United States. This recall only affects vehicles equipped with Takata airbags released after the year 2000 in North America. The airbags were manufactured by Takata automotive manufacturing. Toyota is offering a free repair to all affected vehicles worldwide.[51] The fault in the Takata air bags also affected other North American automobile manufacturers.[52]
Logo and branding[edit]
Employee at Toyota Museum explains development of Toyota name and brand
In 1936, Toyota entered the passenger car market with its Model AA and held a competition to establish a new logo emphasizing speed for its new product line. After receiving 27,000 entries, one was selected that additionally resulted in a change of its moniker to "Toyota" from the family name "Toyoda". The new name was believed to sound better, and its eight-stroke count in the Japanese language was associated with wealth and good fortune. The original logo is no longer found on its vehicles but remains the corporate emblem used in Japan.
Still, no guidelines existed for the use of the brand name, so "TOYOTA", which was used throughout most of the world, led to inconsistencies in its worldwide marketing campaigns.
To remedy this, Toyota introduced a new worldwide logo in October 1989 to commemorate the 50th year of the company, and to differentiate it from the newly released luxury Lexus brand. The logo made its debut on the 1989 Toyota Celsior and quickly gained worldwide recognition. The three ovals in the new logo combine to form the letter "T", which stands for Toyota. The overlapping of the two perpendicular ovals inside the larger oval represents the mutually beneficial relationship and trust between the customer and the company while the larger oval surrounding both of these inner ovals represents the "global expansion of Toyota's technology and unlimited potential for the future".[53][54]
Hubcap of 1936 Toyota AA, with the old "Toyoda" name
The new logo started appearing on all printed material, advertisements, dealer signage, and the vehicles themselves in 1990.
In predominantly Chinese-speaking countries or regions using traditional Chinese characters, e.g. Hong Kong and Taiwan, Toyota is known as "豐田".[55] In Chinese-speaking countries using simplified Chinese characters (e.g. China), Toyota is known as "丰田"[56] (pronounced as Fēngtián in Mandarin Chinese and Hɔng Tshan in Minnanese). These are the same characters as the founding family's name "Toyoda" in Japanese.
Logo until 1989, now still used as a corporate logo
Logo since 1989
Japan[edit]
Toyota Store Aichi
Toyopet Store, Saitama
Corolla Store Kyotanabe
Netz Store, Tsurumi-ku, Osaka
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Toyota dealerships.
In Japan, Toyota currently maintains separate dealership sales channels.[57] The first sales channel established in 1946 called "Toyota Store"[58] (トヨタ店 Toyota Mise) sells large luxury sedans such as the Toyota Century, and the Toyota Crown. In 1955, the "Toyopet Store" (トヨペット店 Toyopetto-ten) arrived, originally established to sell the Toyota Corona and the Toyopet ToyoAce truck. (Toyota's five channel dealerships in Japan chronology in Japanese.) Toyota sought out to use a hierarchical marketing approach, similar to methods used in North America, but implemented it at all of its dealership chains, with some models being exclusive to particular locations.
Toyota operated a commercial dealership called Toyota Diesel Shop (トヨタディーゼル店 Toyota Dīzeru-ten) from 1957 until 1988 that sold various commercial platform trucks, buses, and forklifts, such as the Toyota Dyna and the Toyota Coaster. Hino products were sold at specific Hino locations and shared at Toyota Diesel Store locations after Toyota acquired the company in 1967. Starting in 1980, the Diesel Shop also sold the Starlet, Corolla, Corona, Vista, and Crown installed with diesel engines. When the Toyota Diesel Store was disbanded, commercial products were divided between Toyota Store and Toyopet Store locations.
Currently, the "Toyota Corolla Store" (トヨタカローラ店 Toyota Karōra-ten) was renamed from the "Toyota Publica Store" (トヨタパブリカ店 Toyota Paburika-ten), which was established to sell the Toyota Publica in 1961, then renamed to sell the Toyota Corolla in 1966.[57]
In 1980, the "Toyota Vista Store" replaced the "Toyota Auto Store" (トヨタオート店 Toyota Ōto-ten) sales network that sold the Corolla companion, called the Toyota Sprinter established in 1967.[57] The "Vista" name was used on a new Camry-clone, called the Toyota Vista. The Toyota Vista network was replaced with two networks; "Toyota NETZ" (ネッツ店 Nettsu-ten) in August 1998, and Lexus in 2004. Some former Vista models were rebranded as Lexus (レクサス Rekusasu), such as the Altezza and the Aristo, while other products have been taken over by the "Toyota NETZ", which was already selling the Toyota ist and the Toyota RAV4. "NETZ" is an acronym for "Network of Energetic Teams for Zenith".
In 2012, selected Japanese dealership locations were given a special designation called "Area 86" that resembled the North American Toyota network, called Scion, to sell the Toyota 86, building on the marketing approach started with WiLL branded products.[57][59] As of 2017, the "Area 86" network was rebranded as "GR" for Gazoo Racing, sharing a similar approach to the performance division Toyota Racing Development or "TRD", providing various upgrades for the 86, Vitz, Prius, Mark X, Harrier, Noah and Voxy.[60]
Vehicles sold at Toyota Store (nationally)
The following is a list of all past and present models and where they were available at retail channels nationally. Most models were exclusive to particular retail chains while some models, like the Prius, are available at all sales channels.[61] Retail chains in Tokyo, Osaka and Okinawa are different.[57]
Century, Crown Majesta, Crown, Master, SAI, Mirai, Prius, Aqua, Allion, Succeed, Blade, Avensis, Sienta, Corolla RunX, C-HR, Porte, Estima, Isis, Roomy, FJ Cruiser, Comfort, Land Cruiser, Hilux Surf, Land Cruiser Prado, Dyna, Stout, Esquire, Coaster, QuickDelivery, 2000GT, Carina, Carina ED, GT-86, Brevis, Gaia, Cavalier, Classic, MasterAce, Hilux, Mega Cruiser, Soarer, Origin, Caldina.
Vehicles sold at Toyopet Store (nationally)
Mark X, SAI, Mirai, Premio, Prius, Aqua, Belta, Mark X ZiO, Succeed, Ractis, Auris, Blade, GT-86, Porte, Harrier, Vanguard, Esquire, Rush, C-HR, Avensis, Alphard, Comfort, HiAce, ToyoAce, Tank, Sienta, Pixis Space, Mark II-Mark II Qualis-Mark II Blit, Corona, Corona EXiV, Corona Coupe, Corsa, Opa, Avalon, Progrès, Cami, ist, Platz, Soarer, Hilux, Cynos, Regius, Celsior, Origin, Caldina, Ipsum.
Vehicles sold at Toyota Corolla Store (starting 1966), formerly Toyota Publica Store (nationally)
SAI, Camry, Prius, Aqua, Corolla Axio, GT-86, Belta, Spade, Probox, Corolla Rumion, C-HR, Ractis, Passo, Corolla Verso, Sera, Vanguard, Roomy, Estima, Noah, Avensis, Sienta, TownAce, Pixis, Publica, Tercel, Windom, Scepter, Corolla Ceres, Origin, Nadia, WiLL, RAV4, Sports 800, Celica, Supra, Corolla Levin, Celica XX, Celica Camry.
Vehicles sold at Netz Store (starting 1998), formerly Toyota Vista Store (starting 1980), formerly Toyota Auto Store (starting 1967) (nationally)
Vitz, SAI, Prius, Aqua, ist, Auris, bB, Avensis, Raum, Spade, Wish, Voxy, RAV4, C-HR, Kluger, Vellfire, iQ, Allex, Tank, Pixis, Fun Cargo, Pronard, Altezza, Verossa, Curren, Aristo, MR-S, MR2, Starlet, Vista, Cresta, Sprinter, Voltz, Blizzard, Chaser, Sprinter Marino, Carib, Granvia, Sprinter Trueno, LiteAce, Ipsum, GT-86, WiLL (1999–2004).
Toyota slogans[edit]
Australia[edit]
Oh What a feeling! (1979–present)
Bangladesh[edit]
Running Towards (1974–1979)
Leads away your life (1979–1986)
The Greatest (1986–1991)
Interesting vehicle (1991–1998)
The Quality (1998–2005)
The Perfection of life (2005–2010)
The Amazing (2010–present)
Europe[edit]
My Toyota Is Fantastic
The car in front is a Toyota
Today, Tomorrow, Toyota
Always A Better Way
Nichts ist unmöglich (Germany, English: "Nothing is impossible", 1985–present)[62][63][64]
India[edit]
Everyday (1997–2001)
Touch The Perfection (2001–2005)
Moving Forward (2005–2012)
Quality Revolution (2012–present)
Indonesia[edit]
Choice Of Trust (Indonesian: Terpilih Karena Terpercaya, 1984–1989)
Leads You Ahead (1989–2001)
Passion (2001–2004)
Because We Love You (2004–2006)
Moving Forward (2006–2015)
Let's Go Beyond (2015–present)[65]
Japan[edit]
ファミリーカーのトヨタ (Roma-ji:Famirika no Toyota, English:Toyota Family Car, 1966–1969)
進歩のマーク (Roma-ji:Shinpo no Maku, English:Mark of Progress, 1967–1970)
愛される車をめざして (Roma-ji:Aisareru-sha no Mezashite, English:Toward the car be loved, 1971–1980)
安全はトヨタの願い (Roma-ji:Anzen wa Toyota no Negai, English:Safety Wish of Toyota, 1978–1982)
新技術-時代はToyota (Roma-ji:Shingijutsu jidai wa TOYOTA, English:The New Era of Toyota Technology, 1982–1988)
Fun To Drive (1984–1990)
新しいトヨタが走りはじめます。 (Roma-ji:Atarashi Toyota ga Hashiri Hajimemasu, English:The New Toyota Will Begin Running, 1989–1990)
シートベルトを忘れずに (Roma-ji:Shītoberuto o wasurezu ni, English:Don't Forget Your Seatbelt, 1989–1991)
人へ。社会へ。地球へ。 (Roma-ji:Hito e, Shakai e, Chikyuu e, English:For People, For Society, For The Earth, 1990–1999)
Big Challenge (1993–1996)
Sedan Innovation (1993–1998)
Action Toyota (1997–1998)
クルマが未来になっていく。 (Roma-ji:Kuruma ga Mirai ni Natte iku, English:The car is Gradually Turned to The Future, 1998–1999)
Drive Your Dreams. (2000–2012)
Fun to Drive, Again. (2012–2014)
Toyota Next One (2014–2015)
The World is One (2015–present)
Malaysia[edit]
Leads You Ahead (1989–2001)
Passion (2001–2005)
Get The Feeling (2001–2005)
Moving Forward (2005–2016)
All About The Drive (2016–present)[66]
Philippines[edit]
You Asked For It You Got It (Mid 70s-Early 80s) (Delta Motors Corp)
Leads You Ahead (1989–1995)
I Love This Car (1996-1999)
Passion (2001–2005)
Moving Forward (2005–present)
Singapore[edit]
I Love what you do for me (1989–1997)
Everyday (1997–2001)
Get The Feeling (2001–2005)
Moving Forward (2005–2012)
Always Better (2012–present)
South Africa[edit]
Everything keeps going right, Toyota (1973–2004)
Lead The Way (2004–Present)
South Korea[edit]
You Are So Smart (2014-present)
Sri Lanka[edit]
Moving Forward (2014-Present)
Thailand[edit]
Leads You Ahead (1989–2001)
Passion (2001–2003)
Yes We Drive (2003–2005)[67]
Moving Forward (2005–2012)
Mobility Of Happiness (2012–present)
United States[edit]
You asked for it, You got it! (1975–1979)[68]
Oh What a feeling! (1979–1985)[68]
Who could ask for anything more? (1985–1989)
I love what you do for me (1989–1997)
Everyday (1997–2001)
Get The Feeling (2001–2004)
Moving Forward (2004–2012)
Let's Go Places (2012–present)
Sports[edit]
Further information: Toyota Racing Development, Toyota in motorsports, and Toyota Motorsport GmbH
Toyota sponsors several teams and has purchased naming rights for several venues, including:
Toyota Center, Houston, Texas
Toyota Center, Kennewick, Washington
Toyota Field, San Antonio, Texas
Toyota Park, Bridgeview, Illinois
Toyota Sports Center, El Segundo, California
Toyota Stadium, Georgetown, Kentucky
Toyota Stadium, Frisco, Texas
As of 2017[update], Toyota is an official sponsor of Cricket Australia,[69] the England and Wales Cricket Board[70] and the AFL.[71] In March 2015, Toyota became a sponsor partner for the Olympic Games, in the form of supplying vehicles and communications between vehicles until 2024.[72]
Company strategy[edit]
Main article: The Toyota Way
Toyota's management philosophy has evolved from the company's origins and has been reflected in the terms "Lean Manufacturing" and Just In Time Production, which it was instrumental in developing.[73] Toyota's managerial values and business methods are known collectively as the Toyota Way.
In April 2001, Toyota adopted the "Toyota Way 2001", an expression of values and conduct guidelines that all Toyota employees should embrace. Under the two headings of Respect for People and Continuous Improvement, Toyota summarizes its values and conduct guidelines with these five principles:[74]
Challenge
Kaizen (improvement)
Genchi genbutsu (go and see)
Respect
Teamwork
According to external observers, the Toyota Way has four components:[75]
Long-term thinking as a basis for management decisions
A process for problem-solving
Adding value to the organization by developing its people
Recognizing that continuously solving root problems drives organizational learning
The Toyota Way incorporates the Toyota Production System.
Operations[edit]
Main article: Toyota Production System
New Toyota factory in Ohira, near Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan: A month after this picture was taken, the region was devastated by the March 11 earthquake and tsunami. The plant was only lightly damaged, but remained closed more than a month, mainly due to lack of supplies and energy, in addition to a badly damaged Sendai port.
Toyota has long been recognized as an industry leader in manufacturing and production. Three stories of its origin have been found, one that they studied Piggly-Wiggly's just-in-time distribution system,[76] one that they followed the writings of W. Edwards Deming,[77] and one that they were given the principles from a WWII US government training program (Training Within Industry).[78]
As described by external observers of Toyota, the principles of the Toyota Way are:[75]
Base your management decisions on a long-term philosophy, even at the expense of short-term goals
Create continuous process flow to bring problems to the surface
Use "pull" systems to avoid overproduction
Level out the workload
Build a culture of stopping to fix problems, to get quality right the first time
Standardized tasks are the foundation for continuous improvement and employee empowerment
Use visual control so no problems are hidden
Use only reliable, thoroughly tested technology that serves your people and processes
Grow leaders who thoroughly understand the work, live the philosophy, and teach it to others
Develop exceptional people and teams who follow your company’s philosophy
Respect your extended network of partners and suppliers by challenging them and helping them improve
Go and see for yourself to thoroughly understand the situation (genchi genbutsu)
Make decisions slowly by consensus, thoroughly considering all options; implement decisions rapidly
Become a learning organization through relentless reflection and continuous improvement (kaizen)
Toyota Pavilion at the Expo in Aichi
Toyota has grown from its origins in Japan during the 1930s to become a large multinational corporation. It displaced GM and became the world's largest automobile maker for the year 2008. It held the title of the most profitable automobile maker (US$11 billion in 2006) along with increasing sales in, among other countries, the United States. The world headquarters of Toyota are located in its home country in Toyota City, Japan. Its subsidiary, Toyota Financial Services sells financing and participates in other lines of business. Toyota brands include Scion and Lexus and the corporation is part of the Toyota Group. Toyota also owns 51% of Daihatsu, and 16.7% of Fuji Heavy Industries, which manufactures Subaru vehicles. They also acquired 5.9% of Isuzu Motors Ltd. on November 7, 2006, and will be introducing Isuzu diesel technology into their products.
Toyota has introduced new technologies, including one of the first mass-produced hybrid gasoline-electric vehicles, of which it says it has sold 2 million globally as of 2010,[79] Advanced Parking Guidance System (automatic parking), a four-speed electronically controlled automatic with buttons for power and economy shifting, and an eight-speed automatic transmission. Toyota, and Toyota-produced Lexus and Scion automobiles, consistently rank near the top in certain quality and reliability surveys, primarily J.D. Power and Consumer Reports[80] although they led in automobile recalls for the first time in 2009.[81]
In 2005, Toyota, combined with its half-owned subsidiary Daihatsu Motor Company, produced 8.54 million vehicles, about 500,000 fewer than the number produced by GM that year. Toyota has a large market share in the United States, but a small market share in Europe. It also sells vehicles in Africa and is a market leader in Australia. Due to its Daihatsu subsidiary, it has significant market shares in several fast-growing Southeast Asian countries.[82]
According to the 2008 Fortune Global 500, Toyota is the fifth largest company in the world. Since the recession of 2001, it has gained market share in the United States. Toyota's market share struggles in Europe where its Lexus brand has 0.3% market share, compared to nearly 2% market share as the US luxury segment leader.
In the first three months of 2007, Toyota together with its half-owned subsidiary Daihatsu reported number one sales of 2.348 million units. Toyota's brand sales had risen 9.2% largely on demand for Corolla and Camry sedans. The difference in performance was largely attributed to surging demand for fuel-efficient vehicles. In November 2006, Toyota Motor Manufacturing Texas added a facility in San Antonio.[83] Toyota has experienced quality problems and was reprimanded by the government in Japan for its recall practices.[84] In 2007, Toyota maintained over 16% of the US market share and was listed second only to GM in terms of volume.[85] Toyota Century Royal is the official state car of the Japanese imperial family, namely for the current Emperor of Japan.
Toyota was hit by the global financial crisis of 2008 as it was forced in December 2008 to forecast its first annual loss in 70 years.[86] In January 2009, it announced the closure of all of its Japanese plants for 11 days to reduce output and stocks of unsold vehicles.[87]
Akio Toyoda became the new president and CEO of the company on June 23, 2009, by replacing Katsuaki Watanabe, who became the new vice chairman by replacing Katsuhiro Nakagawa.[88]
Worldwide presence[edit]
The Toyota Camry is assembled in several facilities around the world including Australia, China, Taiwan, Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Russia, Thailand, India, Vietnam, and the United States
Toyota has factories in most parts of the world, manufacturing or assembling vehicles for local markets in Japan, Australia, India, Sri Lanka, Canada, Indonesia, Poland, South Africa, Turkey, Colombia, the United Kingdom, the United States, France, Brazil, Portugal, and more recently, Argentina, Czech Republic, Mexico, Malaysia, Thailand, Pakistan, Egypt, China, Vietnam, Venezuela, the Philippines, and Russia.
Toyota's net revenue by geographical regions for the year ended March 31, 2007:[89]
Geographic region Total sales ( Yen in millions)
Japan 8,152,884
North America 8,771,495
Europe 3,346,013
Asia 1,969,957
Others 1,707,742
The Toyota Innova is one of the vehicles designed as part of the IIMV project.
In 2002, Toyota initiated the Innovative International Multi-purpose Vehicle project (IIMV) to optimize global manufacturing and supply systems for pickup trucks and multipurpose vehicles, and to satisfy market demand in more than 140 countries worldwide. IIMV called for diesel engines to be made in Thailand, gasoline engines in Indonesia, and manual transmissions in India and the Philippines, for supply to the countries charged with vehicle production. For vehicle assembly, Toyota would use plants in Thailand, Indonesia, Argentina, and South Africa. These four main IIMV production and export bases supply Asia, Europe, Africa, Oceania, Latin America, and the Middle East with three vehicles: The Toyota Hilux (Vigo), the Fortuner, and the Toyota Innova.[90]
North America[edit]
Main article: Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America
Toyota Motor North America headquarters is located in Plano, Texas, and operates as a holding company in North America. Its manufacturing headquarters is located in Erlanger, Kentucky, and is known as Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America.
Toyota Canada Inc. has been in production in Canada since 1983 with an aluminium wheel plant in Delta, British Columbia, which currently employs a workforce of roughly 260. Its first vehicle assembly plant, in Cambridge, Ontario, since 1988, now produces Corolla compact cars, Matrix crossover vehicles, and Lexus RX 350 luxury SUVs, with a workforce of 4,300 workers. Its second assembly operation in Woodstock, Ontario, began manufacturing the RAV4 late in 2008.[91] In 2006, Toyota's subsidiary Hino Motors opened a heavy duty truck plant, also in Woodstock, employing 45 people and producing 2000 trucks annually.[92]
Toyota Technical Center, Ann Arbor Charter Township, Michigan
Toyota has a large presence in the United States with six major assembly plants in Huntsville, Alabama, Georgetown, Kentucky, Princeton, Indiana, San Antonio, Texas, Buffalo, West Virginia, and Blue Springs, Mississippi. Toyota had a joint-venture operation with General Motors at New United Motor Manufacturing Inc. in Fremont, California, which began in 1984 and ended in 2009.[93] It still has a joint venture with Subaru at Subaru of Indiana Automotive, Inc. in Lafayette, Indiana, which started in 2006. In these assembly plants, the Camry and the Tundra are manufactured, among others.
Toyota marketing, sales, and distribution in the US are conducted through a separate subsidiary, Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. It has started producing larger trucks, such as the new Tundra, to go after the large truck market in the United States. Toyota is also pushing hybrid vehicles in the US such as the Prius, Camry Hybrid, Highlander Hybrid, and various Lexus products. Currently, Toyota has no plans to offer diesel motor options in its North American products, including the light-duty pickup trucks.[94]
Europe[edit]
Main article: Toyota Motor Europe
Australia[edit]
Main article: Toyota Australia
In 1963, Australia was one of the first countries to assemble Toyotas outside Japan. However, in February 2014, Toyota was the last of Australia's major automakers to announce the end of production in Australia. The closure of Toyota's Australian plant will be completed by 2017. Before Toyota, Ford and GM's Holden had announced similar moves, all citing an unfavorable currency and attendant high manufacturing costs.[95]
Product line[edit]
Electric technology[edit]
Hybrid electric vehicles[edit]
Main articles: Hybrid Synergy Drive, Hybrid electric vehicle, and Toyota Prius
Toyota is the world's market leader in sales of hybrid electric vehicles, one of the largest companies to encourage the mass-market adoption of hybrid vehicles across the globe, and the first to commercially mass-produce and sell such vehicles, with the introduction of the Toyota Prius in 1997.[96][97] The company eventually began providing this option on its main passenger cars such as Camry and later with the Lexus divisions, producing some hybrid luxury vehicles. It labeled such technology in Toyota cars as "Hybrid Synergy Drive" and in Lexus versions as "Lexus Hybrid Drive". Cumulative global sales of Toyota and Lexus hybrid passenger car models passed the 10 million milestone in January 2017.[11] Its Prius family is the world's top-selling hybrid nameplate with more than 6 million units sold worldwide as of January 2017[update].[11]
The Toyota Prius, flagship of Toyota's hybrid technology, is the world's best-selling hybrid car with almost 4 million units sold as of January 2017[update].[11]
As of January 2017[update], Toyota Motor Corporation sells 33 Toyota and Lexus hybrid passenger car models and one plug-in hybrid in over 90 countries and regions around the world, and the carmaker expects to achieve annual sales of 1.5 million units, and cumulative sales of 15 million units by 2020.[11] The Prius liftback is the world's top selling hybrid gasoline-electric car, its sales achieved the 3 million unit milestone in June 2013,[98] and cumulative sales since 1997 totaled 3,984,600 units at the end of January 2017.[11] The Prius liftback ranks as the top selling hybrid car in the U.S. market, and passed the 1 million milestone in April 2011.[99] Cumulative sales of the Prius in Japan reached the 1 million mark in August 2011.[100] As of January 2017[update], sales of the Prius liftback totaled over 1.8 million units in Japan and 1.75 million in the United States.[11] Cumulative TMC hybrid sales since the Prius introduction in Europe in 2000 passed the 1 million unit milestone in November 2015.[101]
Worldwide sales of hybrid vehicles produced by Toyota reached 1 million vehicles by May 31, 2007, and the 2 million mark was reached by August 2009, with hybrids sold in 50 countries.[102][103] The 5 million hybrid sales milestone was reached in March 2013.[104] During 2012, Toyota and Lexus hybrid models sold more than 1 million units a year for the first time, with 1.219 million units sold.[105] During 2013, TMC sold 1.279 million units, and the 6 million sales milestone was achieved in December 2013, just nine months after its latest million unit milestone.[106] The 7 million sales mark was reached in September 2014, again, selling one million hybrids in nine months,[107] and the 8 million sales milestone was achieved in July 2015, just 10 months after the previous million-unit milestone.[108] The 9 million sales mark was reached in April 2016, again, selling one million hybrids in just nine months,[96] and the 10 million milestone in January 2017, one more time nine months later.[11] Toyota estimates that up to January 31, 2017, its hybrids have saved about 7.66 billion U.S. gallons of gasoline (29 billion liters) compared to the amount used by gasoline-powered vehicles of similar size, and have emitted approximately 77 million fewer tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions than would have been emitted by gasoline-powered vehicles of similar size and driving performance.[11]
The Toyota Prius c is the second spin-off of the Prius family, and the second most sold TMC hybrid after the Prius liftback, with almost 1.38 million units sold as of January 2017[update].[11]
As of April 2016[update], besides the four Prius liftback generations, Toyota's hybrid lineup includes the Prius α/Prius v/Prius +, Aqua/Prius c, Camry Hybrid (1st and 2nd generation), Toyota Highlander Hybrid (Kluger Hybrid in Japan), Toyota Avalon Hybrid, Toyota Auris Hybrid, Toyota Yaris Hybrid (Europe only), and the following models sold only in Japan: Alphard Hybrid/Vellfire Hybrid, Estima Hybrid, Toyota Sai, Toyota Harrier, Toyota Crown Hybrid, Toyota Crown Mild Hybrid, Toyota Crown Majesta, Corolla Axio, Corolla Fielder, Toyota Voxy/Noah/Esquire, Toyota Sienta, Toyota Corolla Hybrid, Toyota Levin Hybrid, and Toyota RAV4 Hybrid.[96]
Beginning in 2011, TMC introduced three new members to the Prius family, the Prius v (Prius α in Japan and Prius + in Europe), the Prius c (Toyota Aqua in Japan), and the Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid, released in 2012 in Japan, the U.S., and Europe.[109] With a total of 247,230 vehicles sold during the first quarter of 2012, the Toyota Prius family became the third top selling nameplate in the world in terms of total global sales after the Toyota Corolla (300,800 units) and the Ford Focus (277,000 units).[110][111] Until September 2012, the Prius liftback was the top selling new car in Japan for 16 months in a row, until it was surpassed by the Toyota Aqua (Prius c) in October 2012.[112][113] With 266,567 units sold in Japan in 2012, the Aqua is considered the most successful nameplate launch in the Japanese market in the last 20 years.[114]
The Lexus RX 450h is the top selling hybrid of the Lexus brand with global sales of 363,000 units as of January 2017[update].[11]
The Prius c/Aqua model, with global sales of 1,380,100 units through January 2017, is TMC's second best-selling hybrid after the Prius liftback, followed the Prius α/v/+ with 671,200 units, and the two generations of the Camry Hybrid, with 614,700 units sold worldwide, all through January 2017.[11] For both Prius family variants, Japan is the top selling market while the U.S. is the top-selling Camry market.[11] Ranking next is the Auris with 378,000 units sold, with Europe as the top market with 354,600 units sold.[11]
Lexus also has their own hybrid lineup, and as of August 2015[update], consist of the LS 600h/LS 600h L, GS 450h, RX 400h/RX 450h, Lexus HS 250h, Lexus CT 200h, Lexus ES 300h, Lexus IS 300h, Lexus NX 300h, and Lexus RC 300h.[108] Global cumulative sales of Lexus brand hybrids reached the 500 thousand mark in November 2012.[104] The 1 million sales milestone was achieved in March 2016.[115] The Lexus RX 400h/RX 450h ranks as the top selling Lexus hybrid with 363,000 units delivered worldwide as of January 2017[update], followed by the Lexus CT 200h with 290,800 units, and the Lexus ES 300h with 143,200 units.[11]
Plug-in hybrids[edit]
Main article: Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid
First generation Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid
Toyota's plug-in hybrid electric vehicle project began in 2007, with road trials of the prototype vehicle in France and the UK in 2008. Toyota made 600 Prius plug-in demonstration vehicles for lease to fleet and government customers. 230 were delivered in Japan beginning in late December 2009, 125 models released in the U.S. by early 2010, and 200 units in 18 European countries in 2010. France, the UK, and Germany had the largest fleets with 150 PHEVs.[116][117][118] Canada, China, Australia, and New Zealand also participated in the global demonstration program.[117][119][120]
The production version of the Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid was released in Japan in January 2012,[121][122] followed by the United States in late February,[123] and deliveries in Europe began in late June 2012.[124] As of April 2016[update], global sales totaled 75,400 Prius PHVs since 2012, with North America as the leading regional market with 42,700 units, followed by Japan with about 22,100 units, Europe with 10,500 units, and only about 100 units in the rest of the world.[96] The United States is the country market leader with 42,320 units delivered through April 2016.[125][126] The leading European market is the Netherlands with 4,134 units registered as of 30 November 2015[update].[127]
During its first year in the market, a total of 27,279 Prius PHVs were sold worldwide,[128] allowing the plug-in version to rank as the second most sold plug-in electric car for 2012.[129] Accounting for cumulative sales since its inception, the Prius PHV was the world's all-time third best selling plug-in electric car by December 2014.[130] Production of the first generation Prius Plug-in ended in June 2015.[131] As of May 2015[update], the Prius Plug-in Hybrid ranked as the world's second top selling plug-in hybrid ever after the Volt/Ampera family.[132] As of April 2016[update], the Prius plug-in ranking among the top selling plug-in cars fell to fifth place after the Tesla Model S and the Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV.[133]
The second generation Prius plug-in hybrid, the Toyota Prius Prime, unveiled at the 2016 New York International Auto Show, is expected to be released in the U.S. by the end of 2016, and, unlike the first generation model, it will be available in all 50 states.[134][135]
All-electric vehicles[edit]
See also: Toyota RAV4 EV and Toyota iQ EV
The first generation Toyota RAV4 EV was leased in the United States from 1997 to 2003, and at the lessees' request, many units were sold after the vehicle was discontinued.[136] A total of 1,484 were leased and/or sold in California to meet the state’s CARB mandate for zero-emissions vehicles.[137][138] As of mid-2012, there were almost 500 units still in use.[139]
First generation Toyota RAV4 EV
Second generation Toyota RAV4 EV
In May 2010, Toyota launched a collaboration with Tesla Motors to create electric vehicles. Toyota agreed to purchase US$50 million of Tesla common stock subsequent to the closing of Tesla's planned initial public offering.[140] Toyota, with the assistance of Tesla, built 35 converted RAV4s (Phase Zero vehicles) for a demonstration and evaluation program that ran through 2011. The lithium metal-oxide battery and other power train components were supplied by Tesla Motors.[141][142] Four years later, Toyota, along with Daimler, began to unwind its position in Tesla.[143] Toyota and Daimler made more than $1 bln from the investment.[144]
The Toyota RAV4 EV Concept was released in September 2012.[145] The RAV4 EV was assembled at Toyota's facility in Woodstock, Ontario along with the regular gasoline version. Tesla built the electric powertrain at its plant at Tesla Factory in Fremont, California, and then shipped them to Canada.[146][147] The RAV4 EV was sold only in California, beginning with the San Francisco Bay Area, Los Angeles/Orange County, and San Diego. Production was limited to 2,600 units during a three-year period.[148][149] As of 31 December 2015[update], a total of 2,340 RAV4 EVs were sold in the U.S. to retail customers.[150][151][152] Production ended in September 2014.[153]
A prototype of the Toyota iQ EV (Scion iQ EV in the US) was exhibited at the 2011 Geneva Motor Show. The Scion iQ EV is the successor to the FT-EV II as an electric vehicle based on the Toyota iQ chassis.[154][155] Toyota produced three generations of FT-EV concept cars, and the iQ EV is a production version of those concepts, incorporating the technological and design strengths of all three models. The exterior of the production version is based on the FT-EV III concept shown at the 2011 Tokyo Motor Show.[156]
The Toyota iQ/Scion iQ EV is based on Toyota's three generations of FT-EV concept. Shown the Toyota FT-EV III concept car at the 2011 Tokyo Motor Show.
The U.S. launch of the Scion iQ EV was announced for 2012,[157][158] and according to Toyota, for the initial roll-out the iQ EV would not be available to individual consumers, instead, the carmaker decided to focus on fleet customers and car sharing programs.[159] The iQ EV was scheduled to be produced at Toyota’s Takaoka Plant in Toyota City beginning in August 2012 and the initial production was planned to be limited to 600 units, with 400 staying in Japan, 100 units destined to the U.S., and the other 100 for Europe.[160] In September 2012, Toyota announced that due to customers' concerns about range and charging time, the production of the Scion iQ (Toyota eQ in Japan) will be limited to about 100 units for special fleet use in Japan and the U.S. only. The iQ EV/eQ was scheduled to be released in both countries in December 2012.[161]
Toyota I-Road in Grenoble
The first 30 iQ EVs were delivered in the U.S. to the University of California, Irvine in March 2013 for use in its Zero Emission Vehicle-Network Enabled Transport (ZEV-NET) carsharing fleet. Since 2002, the ZEV-NET program has been serving the transport needs of the Irvine community with all-electric vehicles for the critical last mile of commutes from the Irvine train station to the UC campus and local business offices.[162]
In addition, Toyota announced that is backing away from fully electric vehicles. The company's vice chairman, Takeshi Uchiyamada, said: "The current capabilities of electric vehicles do not meet society’s needs, whether it may be the distance the cars can run, or the costs, or how it takes a long time to charge." Toyota's emphasis would be re-focused on the hybrid concept, and 21 new hybrid gas-electric models scheduled to be on the market by 2015.[161][163]
Toyota's project called Ha:mo (Harmonious Mobility Network), is using the Toyota i-Road, an all-electric vehicle which combines the potential of both cars and motorbikes.[164] [165] The project is being run in Grenoble, France; Toyota City, Japan; and also Tokyo, Japan.[166]
Hydrogen fuel-cell[edit]
In 2002, Toyota began a development and demonstration program to test the Toyota FCHV, a hybrid hydrogen fuel cell vehicle based on the Toyota Highlander production SUV. Toyota also built a FCHV bus based on the Hino Blue Ribbon City low-floor bus.[167][168] Toyota has built several prototypes/concepts of the FCHV since 1997, including the Toyota FCHV-1, FCHV-2, FCHV-3, FCHV-4, and Toyota FCHV-adv. The Toyota FCV-R fuel cell concept car was unveiled at the 2011 Tokyo Motor Show. The FCV-R sedan seats four and has a fuel cell stack including a 70 MPa high-pressure hydrogen tank, which can deliver a range of 435 mi (700 km) under the Japanese JC08 test cycle. Toyota said the car was planned for launch in about 2015.[169]
The Toyota Mirai fuel-cell vehicle
In August 2012, Toyota announced its plans to start retail sales of a hydrogen fuel-cell sedan in California in 2015. Toyota expects to become a leader in this technology.[170] The prototype of its first hydrogen fuel cell vehicle will be exhibited at the November 2013 Tokyo Motor Show, and in the United States at the January 2014 Consumer Electronics Show.[171]
Toyota's first hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles to be sold commercially, the Toyota Mirai (Japanese for "future"), was unveiled at the November 2014 Los Angeles Auto Show.[172] In January 2015, it was announced that production of the Mirai fuel cell vehicle would increase from 700 units in 2015 to approximately 2,000 in 2016 and 3,000 in 2017.[173] Sales in Japan began on December 15, 2014, at a price of ¥6,700,000 (~US$57,400). The Japanese government plans to support the commercialization of fuel-cell vehicles with a subsidy of ¥2,000,000 (~US$19,600).[174] Retail sales in the U.S. began in August 2015 at a price of US$57,500 before any government incentives. Initially, the Mirai will only be available in California.[175][176] The market release in Europe is slated for September 2015, and initially will be available only in the UK, Germany, and Denmark, followed by other countries in 2017. Pricing in Germany starts at €60,000 (~US$75,140) plus VAT (€78,540).[177]
In 2015, Toyota released 5,600 patents for free use until 2020, hoping to promote global development of hydrogen fuel-cell technology.[178][179][180][181]
Cars[edit]
Further information: List of Toyota vehicles
As of 2009, Toyota officially lists approximately 70 different models sold under its namesake brand, including sedans, coupes, vans, trucks, hybrids, and crossovers.[182] Many of these models are produced as passenger sedans, which range from the subcompact Toyota Yaris and compact Corolla, to mid-size Camry and full-size Avalon.[182] Vans include the Previa/Estima, Sienna, and others.[182] Several small cars, such as the xB and tC, are sold under the Scion brand.[182]
SUVs and crossovers[edit]
Toyota Fortuner
Toyota crossovers range from the compact Matrix and RAV4, to midsize Venza and Kluger/Highlander.[182] Toyota SUVs range from the midsize 4Runner to full-size Land Cruiser.[182] Other SUVs include the Prado, FJ Cruiser, Fortuner, and Sequoia.[182]
Pickup trucks[edit]
Toyota Hilux
Toyota Tacoma
Toyota first entered the pickup truck market in 1947 with the SB that was only sold in Japan and limited Asian markets. It was followed in 1954 by the RK (renamed in 1959 as the Stout) and in 1968 by the compact Hilux. With continued refinement, the Hilux (simply known as the Pickup in some markets) became famous for being extremely durable and reliable, and many of these trucks from as early as the late 1970s are still on the road today, some with over 300,000 miles. Extended- and crew-cab versions of these small haulers were eventually added, and Toyota continues to produce them today under various names depending on the market.
Riding on the success of the compact pickups in the US, Toyota decided to attempt to enter the traditionally domestic-dominated full-size pickup market, introducing the T100 for the 1993 US model year, with production ending in 1998. While having a bed at the traditional full-size length of 8 feet, the suspension and engine characteristics were still similar to that of a compact pickup. It proved to be as economical and reliable as any typical Toyota pickup, but sales never became what Toyota brass had hoped for. It was criticized as being too small to appeal to the traditional American full-size pickup buyer. Another popular full-size truck essential, a V8 engine, was never available. Additionally, the truck was at first only available as a regular cab, though Toyota addressed this shortcoming and added the Xtracab version in mid-1995.
In 1999 for the 2000 model year, Toyota replaced the T100 with the larger Tundra. The Tundra addressed criticisms that the T100 did not have the look and feel of a legitimate American-style full-size pickup. It also added the V8 engine that the T100 was criticized for not having. However, the Tundra still came up short in towing capacity as well as still feeling slightly carlike. These concerns were addressed with an even larger 2007 redesign. A stronger V6 and a second V8 engine among other things were added to the option list. As of early 2010, the Tundra has captured 16% of the full-size half-ton market in the US.[citation needed] The all-new Tundra was assembled in San Antonio, Texas, US. Toyota assembled around 150,000 Standard and Double Cabs, and only 70,000 Crew Max's in 2007. The smaller Tacoma (which traces its roots back to the original Hilux) was also produced at the company's San Antonio facility.
Outside the United States, Toyota produced the Hilux in Standard and Double Cab, gasoline and diesel engine, and 2WD and 4WD versions. The BBC's Top Gear TV show featured two episodes of a Hilux that was deemed "virtually indestructible".[183]
Luxury-type vehicles[edit]
Further information: List of Lexus vehicles
Toyota Crown Royal
As of 2009, the company sold nine luxury-branded models under its Lexus division, ranging from the LS sedan to RX crossover and LX SUV.[182] Luxury-type sedans produced under the Toyota brand included the Century, Crown, and Crown Majesta.[182] A limited-edition model produced for the Emperor of Japan was the Century Royal.
Buses[edit]
Toyota Coaster bus
Toyota Coaster minibus
Hino Liesse II
Hino Liesse minibus
Pleasure boats[edit]
In 1997, building on a previous partnership with Yamaha Marine, Toyota created "Toyota Marine"[184], building private ownership motorboats, currently sold only in Japan. A small network in Japan sells the luxury craft at 54 locations, called the "Toyota Ponam" series, and in 2017, a boat was labeled under the Lexus brand name starting May 26, 2017.[185]
Motorsports[edit]
Main articles: Toyota in motorsports and Toyota Motorsport GmbH
Toyota has been involved in many global motorsports series. They also represent their Lexus brand in other sports car racing categories. Toyota also makes engines and other auto parts for other Japanese motorsports including formula Nippon, Super GT, formula 3, and formula Toyota series. Toyota also runs a driver development programme known as the Toyota Young Drivers Program, which they made for funding and educating future Japanese motorsports talent.[186] Toyota Motorsport GmbH, with headquarters in Cologne, Germany, has been responsible for Toyota's major motorsports development including Formula One, the World Rally Championship, the Le Mans Series, and most recently the FIA World Endurance Championship. Toyota enjoyed success in all these motorsports categories. In 2002, Toyota entered Formula One as a constructor and engine supplier; however, despite having experienced drivers and a larger budget than many other teams, they failed to match their success in other categories, with five second-place finishes as their best results. On November 4, 2009, Toyota announced they were pulling out of the sport due to the global economic situation.
Toyota's nationwide driver hunt of drivers for Etios Motor Racing Series ended up with selection of 25 drivers, who will participate in the race in 2013.[187]
TRD[edit]
Toyota Racing Development (TRD) was brought about to help develop true high-performance racing parts for many Toyota vehicles. TRD has often had much success with their aftermarket tuning parts, as well as designing technology for vehicles used in all forms of racing. TRD is also responsible for Toyota's involvement in NASCAR motorsports.[citation needed] TRD also made Lexus's performance division "F-Sport".
Nonautomotive activities[edit]
Aerospace[edit]
Toyota is a minority shareholder in Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation, having invested US$67.2 million in the new venture which will produce the Mitsubishi Regional Jet, slated for first deliveries in 2017.[188] Toyota has also studied participation in the general aviation market and contracted with Scaled Composites to produce a proof of concept aircraft, the TAA-1, in 2002.[189][190]
Philanthropy[edit]
The Toyota Municipal Museum of Art in Aichi, sponsored by the manufacturer
Toyota supports a variety of philanthropic work in areas such as education, conservation, safety, and disaster relief.
Some of the organizations that Toyota has worked with in the US include the American Red Cross, the Boys and Girls Club, Leaders in Environmental Action for the Future (LEAF), and the National Center for Family Literacy.[191]
The Toyota USA Foundation exists to support education in the areas of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.[192]
In addition, Toyota works with nonprofits to improve their processes and operations such as the Food Bank For New York City.[193][194]
Toyota also supports a variety of work in Japan.[195]
The Toyota Foundation takes a global perspective providing grants in the three areas of human and natural environments, social welfare, and education and culture.[196]
Higher education[edit]
Toyota established the Toyota Technological Institute in 1981, as Sakichi Toyoda had planned to establish a university as soon as he and Toyota became successful. Toyota Technological Institute founded the Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago in 2003. Toyota is supporter of the Toyota Driving Expectations Program, Toyota Youth for Understanding Summer Exchange Scholarship Program, Toyota International Teacher Program, Toyota TAPESTRY, Toyota Community Scholars (scholarship for high school students), United States Hispanic Chamber of Commerce Internship Program, and Toyota Funded Scholarship.[197] It has contributed to a number of local education and scholarship programs for the University of Kentucky, Indiana, and others.[197]
Robotics[edit]
Main article: Toyota Partner Robot
Toyota trumpet-playing robot
In 2004, Toyota showcased its trumpet-playing robot.[198] Toyota has been developing multitask robots destined for elderly care, manufacturing, and entertainment. A specific example of Toyota's involvement in robotics for the elderly is the Brain Machine Interface. Designed for use with wheelchairs, it "allows a person to control an electric wheelchair accurately, almost in real-time", with his or her mind.[199] The thought controls allow the wheelchair to go left, right, and forward with a delay between thought and movement of just 125 milliseconds.[199] Toyota also played a part in the development of Kirobo, a 'robotic astronaut'.
Agricultural biotechnology[edit]
Toyota invests in several small start-up businesses and partnerships in biotechnology, including:
P.T. Toyota Bio Indonesia in Lampung, Indonesia
Australian Afforestation Pty. Ltd. in Western Australia and Southern Australia
Toyota Floritech Co., Ltd. in Rokkasho-Mura, Kamikita District, Aomori Prefecture
Sichuan Toyota Nitan Development Co., Ltd. in Sichuan, China
Toyota Roof Garden Corporation in Miyoshi-Cho, Aichi Prefecture
Sewing machine technology[edit]
Toyota developed an oekaki-style sewing machine called the Oekaki Renaissance, which, like others of its type, is designed to allow the user to be able to draw ideas directly onto fabric using the art of free-motion embroidery.[200]
Environmental record[edit]
Toyota has been a leader in environmentally friendly vehicle technologies, most notably the RAV4 EV (produced from 1997 to 2003, then 2012 to present) and the Toyota Prius (1997 to present).
Toyota implemented its fifth Environmental Action Plan in 2005. The plan contains four major themes involving the environment and the corporation's development, design, production, and sales. The five-year plan is directed at the, "arrival of a revitalized recycling and reduction based society".[201] Toyota had previously released its Eco-Vehicle Assessment System (Eco-VAS) which is a systematic life cycle assessment of the effect a vehicle will have on the environment including production, usage, and disposal. The assessment includes, "... fuel efficiency, emissions and noise during vehicle use, the disposal recovery rate, the reduction of substances of environmental concern, and CO2 emissions throughout the life cycle of the vehicle from production to disposal."[202] 2008 marks the ninth year for Toyota's Environmental Activities Grant Program which has been implemented every year since 2001. Themes of the 2008 program consist of "Global Warming Countermeasures" and "Biodiversity Conservation."[203]
Since October 2006, Toyota's new Japanese-market vehicle models with automatic transmissions are equipped with an Eco Drive Indicator. The system takes into consideration rate of acceleration, engine and transmission efficiency, and speed. When the vehicle is operated in a fuel-efficient manner, the Eco Drive Indicator on the instrument panel lights up. Individual results vary depending on traffic issues, starting and stopping the vehicle, and total distance traveled, but the Eco Drive Indicator may improve fuel efficiency by as much as 4%.[204] Along with Toyota's eco-friendly objectives on production and use, the company plans to donate US$1 million and five vehicles to the Everglades National Park. The money will be used to fund environmental programs at the park. This donation is part of a program which provides US$5 million and 23 vehicles for five national parks and the National Parks Foundation.[205] However, new figures from the United States National Research Council show that the continuing hidden health costs of the auto industry to the US economy in 2005 amounted to US$56 million.[206]
The United States EPA has awarded Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. (TEMA) with an ENERGY STAR Sustained Excellence Award in 2007, 2008, and 2009.[207][208][209] In 2016, Toyota was recognized as the top company on the Carbon Clean 200 list of the world's largest clean energy companies.[210]
In 2007, Toyota's Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) fleet average of 26.69 mpg‑US (8.81 L/100 km; 32.05 mpg‑imp) exceeded all other major manufacturers selling cars within the United States. Only Lotus Cars, which sold the Elise and Exige (powered by Toyota's 2ZZ-GE engine), did better with an average of 30.2 mpg‑US (7.8 L/100 km; 36.3 mpg‑imp).[211]
Production and sales numbers[edit]
Calendar year
Total
Japan
United States
Production
Sales
Production
Sales
Sales
1935 21
1936 1,142
1937 4,013
1938 4,615
1939 11,981
1940 14,787
1941 14,611
1942 16,302
1943 9,827
1944 12,720
1945 3,275
1946 5,821
1947 3,922
1948 6,703
1949 10,824
1950 11,706
1951 14,228
1952 42,106
1953 16,496
1954 22,713
1955 22,786
1956 46,716
1957 79,527
1958 78,856
1959 101,194
1960 154,770
1961 210,937
1962 230,350
1963 318,495
1964 425,764
1965 477,643
1966 587,539
1967 832,130
1968 1,097,405
1969 1,471,211
1970 1,609,190
1971 1,955,033
1972 2,087,133
1973 2,308,098
1974 2,114,980
1975 2,336,053
1976 2,487,851
1977 2,720,758
1978 2,929,157
1979 2,996,225
1980 3,293,344
1981 3,220,418
1982 3,144,557
1983 3,272,335
1984 3,429,249
1985 3,665,622
1986 3,660,167
1987 3,638,279
1988 3,956,697[212] 2,120,273[212]
1989 3,975,902[212] 2,308,863[212] 945,353[citation needed]
1990 4,212,373[212] 2,504,291[212] 1,058,005[citation needed]
1991 4,085,071[212] 2,355,356[212] 1,010,480[citation needed]
1992 3,931,341[212] 2,228,941[212] 1,023,641[citation needed]
1993 3,561,750[212] 2,057,848[212] 1,033,211[citation needed]
1994 3,508,456[212] 2,031,064[212] 1,088,073[citation needed]
1995 3,171,277[212] 2,060,125[212] 1,083,351[citation needed]
1996 3,410,060[212] 2,135,276[212] 1,159,718[citation needed]
1997 3,502,046[212] 2,005,949[212] 1,230,112[citation needed]
1998 5,210,000[213] 1,361,025[citation needed]
1999 5,462,000[214] 1,475,441[citation needed]
2000 5,954,723[215] 1,619,206[216]
2001 5,847,743[217] 4,046,637[217] 2,291,503[217] 1,741,254[citation needed]
2002 6,309,307[218] 4,138,873[218] 2,218,324[218] 1,756,127[219]
2003 6,826,166[220] 4,244,667[220] 2,305,635[220] 1,866,314[citation needed]
2004 7,547,177[221] 4,454,212[221] 2,387,556[221] 2,060,049[222]
2005 8,232,143[223] 4,611,076[223] 2,368,817[223] 2,260,296[citation needed]
2006 9,017,786[224] 5,085,600[224] 2,368,706[224] 2,542,524[225]
2007 9,497,754[226] 5,119,631[226] 2,261,515[226] 2,620,825[227]
2008 9,225,236[228] 4,911,861[228] 2,153,197[228] 2,217,662[229]
2009 8,150,542[230] 3,543,199[230] 1,996,174[230] 1,770,147[231]
2010 8,557,351[232] 8,418,000[233] 4,047,343[234] 2,203,849[234] 1,763,595[235]
2011 7,858,091[236] 3,483,464[236] 1,783,521[236] 1,644,661[237]
2012 9,909,440[238] 9,748,000[238] 4,420,158[238] 2,411,890[238] 2,082,504[239]
2013 10,117,274[240] 9,980,000[240] 4,290,652[240] 2,295,222[240] 2,236,042[241]
2014[242] 10,285,546 10,231,000 4,211,492 2,319,997 2,373,771[243]
2015[244] 10,083,783 10,151,000 4,035,434 2,169,469 2,499,313[citation needed]
2016[245] 10,213,486 10,175,000 4,035,186 2,231,202 2,449,630
2016[246] 10,213,486 10,175,000 4,035,186 2,231,202 2,449,630
2017[247] 2,434,515
Calendar year
Production
Sales
Production
Sales
Sales
Total
Japan
United States
Note:Japan production numbers 1937 to 1987.[248] Global production since 1998, global and Japanese production, Japanese sales since 2001 consolidated include Daihatsu and Hino. Citations for years 2014-2016 are for total production and sales and Japan production and sales---U.S. sales figures are not included in these citations.
Labor problem[edit]
Death from overwork[edit]
On January 2, 2006, an unnamed chief engineer of the Camry Hybrid, aged 45 years, died from heart failure in his bed.[249]
February 9, 2002, Kenichi Uchino, aged 30 years, a quality control manager, collapsed then died at work[249][250]
21 June 2010 Chinese labour strike[edit]
21 June 2010 Chinese labor strike happened in Tianjin Toyoda Gosei Co, Tianjin Toyoda Gosei Co supplies parts to Tianjin FAW Toyota Motor Co[251].
See also[edit]
Companies portal
Japanese cars portal
List of Toyota engines
List of Toyota manufacturing facilities
List of Toyota transmissions
List of Toyota vehicles
Nagoya Grampus, formerly the company's football club and still sponsored by them
Toyota Verblitz, the company's rugby team
Toyota War, a conflict between Libya and Chad which saw a heavy use of Toyota's pickup trucks.
Toyota i-Road, a new concept car shown at March's 2013 Geneva Motor Show
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Jump up ^ "Toyota to Start Trials of Plug-in Prius in China". Green Car Congress. April 25, 2010. Retrieved April 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Toyota Motor Company (October 29, 2011). "Toyota starts taking orders for soon-to-be-launched Prius PHV plug-in hybrid in Japan; targeting 35,000–40,000 units per year". Green Car Congress. Retrieved November 29, 2011.
Jump up ^ Stephen Munday (September 30, 2011). "Prius Plug-In Hybrid On Sale January in Japan – Charging Stations at 5,500 Dealerships and Car Rental Locations". Integrity Exports. Retrieved September 30, 2011.
Jump up ^ John Voelcker (April 3, 2012). "Plug-In Car Sales Soar In March, Led By Chevrolet Volt". Green Car Reports. Retrieved April 3, 2012.
Jump up ^ Toyota Motor Europe (July 13, 2012). "Solid 13% Q2 sales increase for Toyota and Lexus vehicles in Europe". Toyota Media Press Release. Archived from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved August 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ Undercoffler, David (February 1, 2016). "Toyota's fuel-thrifty Prius family may shrink as automaker ponders strategy". Automotive News. Retrieved March 25, 2016. Prius PHV sales totaled 42,293 units through December 2015.
Jump up ^ Cobb, Jeff (May 4, 2016). "April 2016 Dashboard". HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates. Retrieved May 20, 2016. Prius PHV sales in the U.S. totaled 27 units during the first fourth months of 2016.
Jump up ^ Rijksdienst voor Ondernemend Nederland (RVO) (December 2015). "Cijfers elektrisch vervoer – Top 5 geregistreerde modellen plug-in hybride elektrische voertuigen (November 30, 2015)" [Figures electric transport – Top 5 registered plug-in electric hybrid vehicle models (November 30, 2015)] (PDF) (in Dutch). RVO (Dutch National Office for Enterprising). Retrieved March 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ Toyota Global Newsroom (October 14, 2014). 実績データ（ハイブリッド車グローバル販売） [Actual data (hybrid vehicles sold globally)] (in Japanese). Toyota. Retrieved October 18, 2014. Prius Plug-in Hybrid sales by year between 2012 and September 2014.
Jump up ^ Eric Loveday (April 8, 2013). "World's Most Comprehensive 2012 Global Plug-In Vehicle Sales List". InsideEVs.com. Retrieved June 29, 2013.
Jump up ^ Jeff Cobb (October 24, 2014). "The World's 10-Best Selling Plug-in Cars". HybridCars.com. Retrieved January 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ Brad Berman (May 1, 2015). "Toyota Halts Production of Prius Plug-in Hybrid Until Late 2016". Plugincars.com. Retrieved June 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ Jeff Cobb (June 15, 2015). "Three More Plug-in Cars Cross 25,000 Sales Milestone". HybridCars.com. Retrieved June 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ Cobb, Jeff (May 3, 2016). "Mitsubishi Sells 100,000th Outlander PHEV". HybridCars.com. Retrieved May 3, 2016. As of March 2016[update], the world's top selling plug-in electric cars are the Nissan Leaf (over 218,000), Tesla Model S (about 120,000), Chevrolet Volt and Ampera variants (over 110,000), Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV (101,900), and Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid (75,000). All figures cumulative global sales since market launch.
Jump up ^ Undercoffler, David (March 23, 2016). "Toyota looks to boost Prius with all-new plug-in Prime". Automotive News. Retrieved March 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ Halvorson, Bengt (March 24, 2016). "2016 Toyota Prius Prime: details on 120 MPGe plug-in hybrid, all-electric mode". Green Car Reports. Retrieved March 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ Sherry Boschert (2006). Plug-in Hybrids: The Cars that will Recharge America. New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island, Canada. ISBN 978-0-86571-571-4.
Jump up ^ Jim Motavalli (July 16, 2010). "Toyota and Tesla Plan an Electric RAV4". New York Times. Retrieved July 18, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Toyota Concept Vehicles-- RAV4 EV". Toyota USA. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ John Voelcker (August 2, 2012). "2012 Toyota RAV4 EV: First Drive Of Tesla-Powered Crossover". Green Car Reports. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
Jump up ^ "News Releases > Tesla Motors and Toyota Intend to Work Jointly on EV Development, TMC to Invest in Tesla". TOYOTA. May 21, 2010. Retrieved August 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Toyota unveils RAV4 EV demonstration vehicle; targeting fully-engineered version in 2012 for market". Green Car Congress. November 17, 2010. Retrieved November 18, 2010.
Jump up ^ Tori Tellem (November 17, 2010). "2012 Toyota RAV4-EV: Take Two". The New York Times. Retrieved November 18, 2010.
Jump up ^ Yuki Hagiwara and Craig Trudell (October 24, 2014). "Toyota Sells Tesla Shares as EV Project Winds Down". Bloomberg. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ James Ayre (November 19, 2015). "TToyota & Daimler Made Over $1 Billion In Profits Off Tesla Stock, More Than Tesla's Profits". CleanTechnica. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ Karla Sanchez (September 14, 2012). "2012 Toyota RAV4 EV Gets EPA-Rated 103-Mile Range, 76 MPGe Combined". Motor Trend. Retrieved September 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ McCrank, John (August 5, 2011). "Ontario gets Toyota's 1st non-Japan electric vehicle". Reuters. Retrieved August 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ Jim Motavalli (August 5, 2011). "Tesla-Powered Toyota RAV4 E.V. to Be Built in Canada, Not California". The New York Times. Retrieved August 10, 2011.
Jump up ^ Christie Schweinsberg (August 10, 2011). "Toyota Planning More EVs; Expecting Regional Demand for Prius Plug-In". Ward Auto. Retrieved August 11, 2011.
Jump up ^ Brad Berman (January 16, 2012). "Toyota Confirms Limited Production of Electric RAV4 and Scion iQ in 2012". PluginCars.com. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ Jeff Cobb (January 6, 2014). "December 2013 Dashboard". HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ Jeff Cobb (January 6, 2015). "December 2014 Dashboard". HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates. Retrieved February 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ Cobb, Jeff (January 6, 2016). "December 2015 Dashboard". HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ Brad Berman (September 24, 2014). "Toyota Wraps Up Production of RAV4 EV". PluginCars.com. Retrieved June 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Toyota Electric Vehicle (EV) prototype. iQ platform, all-electric". Toyota Europe. Retrieved March 2, 2011.
Jump up ^ "2011 Geneva Motor Show: Scion iQ electric car to debut". Consumer Reports. February 17, 2011. Retrieved July 15, 2011.
Jump up ^ Sebastian Blanco (September 24, 2012). "Toyota kills plans for widespread iQ EV sales after misreading demand and battery tech". Autoblog. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Toyota Confirms Highlights of Annual National Dealer Meeting". Toyota News Release. June 29, 2015. Retrieved July 15, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Toyota officially confirms 2012 launch of electric Scion iQ". Autoblog. July 1, 2011. Retrieved July 15, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Toyota to sell RAV4 EV to public and fleets in 2012". Green Car Congress. July 19, 2011. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Toyota iQ EV – Most of 2012′s 600 Vehicles Destined for Japan". Integrity Exports. September 8, 2011. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Associated Press (September 24, 2012). "Toyota beefs up green vehicles, plans electric car for this year, fuel cell vehicle by 2015". Toledo Blade. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ UC Irvine Press Release (March 21, 2013). "UC Irvine's car-sharing program charges ahead". University of California, Irvine. Retrieved March 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ Ludwig, Sean (September 24, 2012). "Toyota kills electric car plans, says 'capabilities of electric vehicles do not meet society's needs'". VentureBeat. Retrieved November 10, 2012.
Jump up ^ "TOYOTA i-ROAD". Toyota. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ Inside Ha:mo, Toyota's Optimized Urban Transport System. YouTube. June 28, 2014. Retrieved November 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Toyota Global Site | Intelligent Transport Systems | Ha:mo | Activities". Toyota. Retrieved August 6, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Toyota FCHV Fact Sheet" (Press release). Toyota USA. September 11, 2008. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Toyota to Begin Leasing Advanced Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle" (Press release). Toyota Japan. August 29, 2008. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ Zach Bowman (November 30, 2011). "Toyota FCV-R Concept is otherworldly". Autoblog. Retrieved April 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ Alisa Priddle (March 17, 2013). "Toyota to start selling hydrogen fuel-cell car in 2015". USA Today. Retrieved August 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ Joann Muller (August 29, 2013). "Toyota Unveils Plans For 15 New Or Improved Hybrids (It Already Has 23)". Forbes. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ Millikin, Mike (November 17, 2014). "Akio Toyoda announces name of Toyota's new fuel cell sedan in web video: Mirai". Green Car Congress. Retrieved November 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Toyota Mirai production to be increased" (Press release). UK: Toyota. January 22, 2015. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ Ken Moritsugu (November 18, 2014). "oyota to start sales of fuel cell car next month". Associated Press. Fox News Chicago. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved November 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ John Voelcker (November 18, 2014). "2016 Toyota Mirai Priced At $57,500, With $499 Monthly Lease". Green Car Reports. Retrieved November 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ Jeff Cobb (November 17, 2014). "Toyota Mirai To Be Priced From $57,500". HybridCars.com. Retrieved November 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Toyota Ushers In The Future With Launch Of 'Mirai' Fuel Cell Sedan" (Press release). Europe: Toyota. November 1, 2014. Retrieved November 18, 2014. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Nelson, Gabe (January 5, 2015). "Toyota opens up 5,600 hydrogen-related patents to advance fuel cell technology". Autoweek. US. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Hasegawa, Takahiko; Imanishi, Hiroyuki; Nada, Mitsuhiro; Ikogi, Yoshihiro (April 5, 2016). "Development of the Fuel Cell System in the Mirai FCV". US: SAE. doi:10.4271/2016-01-1185. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Mizutani, Nobuaki; Ishibashi, Kazunobu (April 5, 2016). "Enhancing PtCo Electrode Catalyst Performance for Fuel Cell Vehicle Application". US: SAE. doi:10.4271/2016-01-1187. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kato, Hisao (April 5, 2016). "In-Situ Liquid TEM Study on the Degradation Mechanism of Fuel Cell Catalysts". US: SAE. doi:10.4271/2016-01-1192. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "Toyota Product Line up 2009" (PDF). Retrieved September 11, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Top Gear – Episode Archive – Series 3". BBC. November 23, 2003. Retrieved July 25, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Toyota Marine". Toyota Marine. Toyota Motor Corporation. Retrieved September 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Lexus pleasure boat introduced". Nikkei Inc. Retrieved September 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Toyota Outlines Motor Sports Activities for 2009". March 16, 2009. Retrieved January 20, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Toyota selects drivers for Etios race". June 11, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Toyota to sink $67.2 mln in Mitsubishi passenger jet, China Economic Net, May 23, 2008". En.ce.cn. Retrieved September 11, 2010.
Jump up ^ Toyota press release of first flight Archived September 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "MRJ Program Schedule Announcement". Archived from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved May 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Toyota: Supporting Our Communities". Toyota. Retrieved August 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Toyota: Supporting Our Communities | Education Outreach". Toyota. Retrieved August 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Toyota: Supporting Our Communities | Local Support". Toyota. Retrieved August 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ El-Naggar, Mona (July 26, 2013). "In Lieu of Money, Toyota Donates Efficiency to New York Charity". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 27, 2013.
Jump up ^ "トヨタ | 社会貢献活動" (in Japanese). Toyota. Retrieved August 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Prospectus and History | The Toyota Foundation". The Toyota Foundation. Retrieved August 7, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Toyota Education". Toyota Motor Corporation. 2001. Archived from the original on October 15, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Technology | Robot trumpets Toyota's know-how". BBC News. March 11, 2004. Retrieved July 25, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "Toyota Developing A Wheelchair Driven By The Mind". PopSci.com.au. July 1, 2009. Retrieved July 1, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Oekaki Renaissance – The Brand-new Toyota, Oekaki & Jeans Machine". Toyota Oekaki. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ Toyota Outlines Fourth Toyota Environmental Action Plan japancorp.net May 13, 2005. Retrieved April 30, 2008.
Jump up ^ Toyota Unveils "Eco-VAS" for Environmental Assessment Japan's Corporate News June 16, 2003. Retrieved April 30, 2008.
Jump up ^ Toyota Environmental Activities Grant Program Accepting Applications Japan's Corporate News April 25, 2008. Retrieved April 30, 2008.
Jump up ^ Toyota to Introduce Eco Drive Indicator; New Feature Aims to Encourage Environmentally Considerate Driving JCN Newswire September 29, 2006. Retrieved April 30, 2008.
Jump up ^ Toyota Announces Million Dollar Donation to Everglades National Park Archived May 15, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.. cnn.money May 6, 2008. Retrieved May 6, 2008.
Jump up ^ "New Study Shows $56 billion in Hidden Health Damage From Autos". October 21, 2009. Retrieved October 23, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Manufacturing & Engineering : EPA Recognizes Toyota with 2007 Energy Star Sustained Excellence Award / Toyota". Pressroom.toyota.com. Retrieved July 25, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Manufacturing & Engineering : EPA Recognizes Toyota with 2008 Energy Star Sustained Excellence Award / Toyota". Pressroom.toyota.com. Retrieved July 25, 2009.
Jump up ^ "NUMMI Truck Plant : ENERGY STAR". Energystar.gov. Retrieved July 25, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Toyota, Tesla and Vestas ranked among world's top green companies". The Guardian. UK. August 15, 2016. Retrieved September 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ Abuelsamid, Sam (July 25, 2008). "Toyota tops big company CAFE ratings for 2007 model year with 29.69 mpg". Autoblog. Retrieved July 25, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Toyota Motor Corporation (1998). "Outline of Toyota".
Jump up ^ "World motor vehicle production by manufacturer" (PDF). OICA. June 1, 1999. Retrieved May 30, 2010. Toyota and Daihatsu
Jump up ^ "World motor vehicle production by manufacturer" (PDF). OICA. June 1, 2000. Retrieved May 30, 2010. Toyota and Daihatsu
Jump up ^ "World motor vehicle production by manufacturer" (PDF). OICA. June 1, 2001. Retrieved May 30, 2010. Toyota, Daihatsu, Hino
Jump up ^ "Toyota Sets Sales Record for Sixth Year in a Row" (Press release). Theautochannel.com. November 17, 2004. Retrieved July 25, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Overseas Production Up in CY 2001" (Press release). Toyota Motor Corporation. January 24, 2002. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Overseas Production Continues to Climb in CY2002" (Press release). January 27, 2003. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Toyota Announces Best Sales Year in Its 46-Year History, Breaks Sales Record for Eighth Year in a Row" (Press release). Theautochannel.com. November 17, 2004. Retrieved July 25, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Worldwide Production Up in CY2003" (Press release). Toyota Motor Corporation. January 26, 2004. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Worldwide Production and Sales Continue to Increase" (Press release). Toyota Motor Corporation. January 25, 2005. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Toyota Reports 2005 and December Sales" (Press release). Theautochannel.com. Retrieved July 25, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c "TMC Announces Results for December 2005 and CY2005" (Press release). Toyota Motor Corporation. January 26, 2006. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c "TMC Announces Results for December 2006 and CY2006" (Press release). Toyota Motor Corporation. January 26, 2007. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Toyota Reports 2007 and December Sales" (Press release). Theautochannel.com. Retrieved July 25, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c "TMC Announces Results for December 2007 and CY2007" (Press release). Toyota Motor Corporation. January 28, 2008. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Toyota Reports 2007 And December Sales" (Press release). Toyota Motor Corporation. January 3, 2008. Archived from the original on January 9, 2008. Retrieved September 9, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "TMC Announces Results for December 2008 and CY2008". Toyota Motor Corporation. January 28, 2009. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Toyota Reports 2008 and December Sales". Theautochannel.com. Retrieved July 25, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c "TMC Announces Results for December 2009 and CY2009". Toyota Motor Corporation. January 25, 2010. Retrieved May 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Data Center: U.S. total vehicle sales by make, Dec. & YTD". Automotive News. January 11, 2010. Retrieved May 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ "TTAC Announces The Top 3 Automakers Of 2010". The Truth About Cars. July 27, 2010. Retrieved January 27, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Toyota Announces Sales Results for 2010" (PDF). Toyota Motor Corporation. January 24, 2011. Retrieved January 27, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Toyota Announces Results for December 2010 and CY2010". Toyota Motor Corporation. January 27, 2011. Retrieved January 27, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Toyota Reports December and 2010 Sales". USA: Toyota. January 4, 2011. Retrieved January 27, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c "TMC Announces Results for December 2011 and CY2011" (Press release). Toyota Motor Corporation. January 27, 2012. Retrieved September 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Toyota Reports December 2011 and Year-End Sales" (Press release). Toyota Motor Corporation. January 4, 2012. Retrieved September 9, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "TTMC Announces Results for December 2012 and CY2012" (Press release). January 28, 2013. Retrieved February 4, 2013.
Jump up ^ "December 2012 and Year-End Sales Chart" (Press release). USA: Toyota. January 3, 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "TMC Announces Results for December 2013 and CY2013" (Press release). Japan: Toyota Motor Corporation. January 29, 2013. Retrieved February 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ "December 2013 Sales Chart" (Press release). USA: Toyota. January 2013. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ "TMC Announces Results for December 2014 and CY2014".
Jump up ^ "Toyota U.S. Sales Summary" (Press release). USA: Toyota. Retrieved February 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ "TMC Announces Results for December 2015 and CY2015".
Jump up ^ "TMC Announces Results for December 2016 and CY2016".
Jump up ^ "TMC Announces Results for December 2016 and CY2016".
Jump up ^ "TMC Announces Results for December 2016 and CY2016".
Jump up ^ Toyota: A history of the First 50 Years. Toyota Motor Corporation. 1988. ISBN 0-517-61777-3. , p461.
^ Jump up to: a b Harden, Blaine (July 13, 2008). "Japan's Killer Work Ethic". Washington Post Foreign Service. Retrieved June 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Nagoya court rules Toyota employee died from overwork". The Japan Times. December 1, 2007. Retrieved June 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Strike halts production at Denso plant in China
text=The settlement allowed Tianjin Toyoda Gosei Co., a subsidiary of Toyoda Gosei Co., to resume supplying parts to Tianjin FAW Toyota Motor Co
source=google (denso guangzhou strike) result 1".
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Toyopet / Toyota road car timeline, Japan market, 1980–present
Type 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s
Model year 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Subcompact Starlet KP60 Starlet KP70 Starlet KP80 Vitz XP10 Vitz XP90 Vitz XP130
Starlet KP90
ist XP60 ist XP110
Corolla II L20 Corolla II L30 Corolla II L40 Corolla II L50 Platz Belta
Corsa L20 Corsa L30 Corsa L40 Corsa L50
Corolla FX E80 Corolla FX E90 Corolla FX E100 Corolla RunX Auris E150 Auris E180
Sprinter E70 Sprinter E80 Sprinter E90 Allex Blade
Sprinter Trueno E80 Sprinter Marino
Corolla E70 Corolla E80 Corolla E90
Corolla Levin E70 Corolla Levin E80 Corolla Levin E90
Subcompact Wagon/Van Corolla E70 Funcargo Ractis XP100 Ractis XP120
bB bB
Compact Corolla E100 Corolla E110 Corolla E120 Corolla E140 Corolla E160
Corona T130 Corona T150 Corona T170 Corona T190 Corona T210 Corona Premio Premio
Corona EXIV Corona EXIV
Cynos Cynos
Celica Camry A40 Camry V10 Camry V20 Camry V30 Camry V40 Avensis Avensis
Vista V10 Vista V20 Vista V30 Vista V40 Vista V50
Compact luxury Altezza
Progress
Brevis
Compact Wagon/VAN Altezza Ghita
Corolla E100 Voltz
Carina Surf Caldina T190 Caldina T210 Caldina T240
Mid-size car Camry XV20 Camry XV30 Camry XV40
Scepter
Windom XV10 Windom XV20 Windom XV30
Aristo S140 Aristo S160 Mark X X120 Mark X X130
Mark II X60 Mark II X70 Mark II X80 Mark II X90 Mark II X100 Mark II X110
Mid-size sport Chaser X60 Chaser X70 Chaser X80 Chaser X90 Chaser X100 Verossa X110
Mid-size luxury Cresta X60 Cresta X70 Cresta X80 Cresta X90 Cresta X100
Mid-size wagon Mark II X60 Mark II X70 Mark II Qualis XV20 Mark II Blit X110 Mark X Zio AA10
Camry Gracia XV20
Full-size Crown S110 Crown S120 Crown S130 Crown S130/S140 Crown S150 Crown S170 Crown S180 Crown S200 Crown S210
Celsior XF10 Celsior XF20 Celsior XF30
Hybrid Prius XW10 Prius XW11 Prius XW20 Prius XW30 Prius XW50
Flagship car Century G35 Century G40 Century G50
Sport compact Celica A40 Celica A60 Celica T160 Celica T180 Celica T200 Celica T230
Carina A40 Carina A60 Cavalier
Carina T150 Carina T170 Carina T190 Carina T210 Allion T240 Allion T260
Carina ED T160 Carina ED T180 Carina ED T200
Sports Soarer Z10 Soarer Z20 Soarer Z30 Soarer Z40
Celica XX A40 Celica XX A60 Supra A70 Supra A80
Roadster MR2 W10 MR2 W20 MR-S W30
Limited edition Sera Classic Origin
[show]
v
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« previous — Toyota road car timeline, North American market, 1980s–present (model years)
Type 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s
Model year 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Subcompact Tercel Tercel Tercel Tercel Tercel Echo Yaris Sedan Yaris iA
Yaris Liftback Yaris Liftback
Starlet Corolla FX Prius c
Corolla Corolla
Compact Corolla Corolla Corolla Corolla Corolla Corolla
Matrix Matrix Corolla iM
Corona Camry Camry Prius
Mid-size Prius Prius Prius
Cressida Cressida Cressida Cressida Camry Solara Camry Solara Prius v
Camry Camry Camry Camry Camry Camry
Mirai
Full-size Avalon Avalon Avalon Avalon
Sport compact Corolla GT-S/SR5
Celica Celica Celica Celica Celica Celica
Paseo Paseo
Sports car Celica Supra Celica Supra 86
Supra Supra
MR2 MR2 MR2 Spyder
[show]
v
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Toyota light truck timeline, North American market, 1980s–present (model years)
Type 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Mini SUV RAV4 RAV4 C-HR
Compact SUV 4Runner 4Runner 4Runner RAV4 RAV4
Mid-size crossover Highlander Highlander Highlander
Venza
Mid-size SUV 4Runner 4Runner
FJ Cruiser
Land Cruiser Land Cruiser Land Cruiser Land Cruiser
Full-size SUV Sequoia Sequoia
Minivan Van Previa Sienna Sienna Sienna
Pickup Pickup Pickup Pickup Tacoma Tacoma Tacoma
T100 Tundra Tundra
[show]
v
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« previous — Toyota road cars timeline, 1985–present
Type 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s
Calendar year 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Subcompact car Starlet P70 Starlet P80 Vitz XP10 Vitz XP90 Vitz XP130
Starlet P90
Tercel, Corolla II, Corsa L20 Tercel, Corolla II, Corsa L30 Tercel, Corolla II, Corsa L40 Tercel, Corolla II, Corsa L50 Platz XP10 Belta XP90 Vios XP150
FunCargo XP20 Ractis XP100 Ractis Verso-S XP120
bB XP30 bB QNC2x
ist XP60 ist XP110
iQ
Aygo AB10 Aygo AB40
Subcompact SUV C-HR
Compact car Corolla, Sprinter E80 Corolla, Sprinter E90 Corolla, Sprinter E100 Corolla, Sprinter E110 Corolla E120/130 Corolla E140/150 Corolla E160/170
Cynos L40 Cynos L50
Compact luxury car Altezza XE10
Progrès XG10
Brevis XG10
Compact wagon Altezza Gita XE10
Voltz E130 Voltz E140
Carina Surf T150 Carina Surf T170 Caldina T190 Caldina T210 Caldina T240
Mid-size car Corona T150 Corona T170 Corona T190 Corona T210 Premio T240 Premio T260
Corona EXIV T180 Corona EXIV T200
Avensis T220 Avensis T250 Avensis T270
Camry, Vista V10 Camry, Vista V20 Camry, Vista V30 Camry, Vista V40 Camry, Vista V50
Scepter, Camry XV10 Camry XV20 Camry XV30 Camry XV40 Camry XV50 Camry XV70
Windom XV10 Windom XV20 Windom XV30
Aristo S147 Aristo S160
Mark II, Cressida, Chaser, Cresta X70 Mark II, Cressida, Chaser, Cresta X80 Mark II, Chaser, Cresta X90 Mark II, Chaser, Cresta X100 Mark II, Verossa X110 Mark X X120 Mark X X130
Mid-size wagon Mark II Qualis XV20 Mark II Blit X110 Mark X Zio AA10
Camry Gracia XV20
Full-size car Avalon XX10 Avalon XX20 Avalon XX30 Avalon XX40
Crown S120 Crown S130 Crown S130/S140 Crown S150 Crown S170 Crown S180 Crown S200 Crown S210
Celsior XF10 Celsior XF20 Celsior XF30
Hybrid car Prius XW10 Prius XW11 Prius XW20 Prius XW30 Prius XW40
Limousine Century G40 Century G50
Sport compact car Celica A60 Celica T160 Celica T180 Celica T200 Celica T230
Carina A60 Cavalier
Carina T150 Carina T170 Carina T190 Carina T210 Allion T240 Allion T260
Carina ED T160 Carina ED T180 Carina ED T200
Sports car Soarer Z10 Soarer Z20 Soarer Z30 Soarer Z40
Celica Supra A60 Supra A70 Supra A80
86 ZN6
Roadster MR2 W10/11 MR2 W20 MR-S W30
Limited edition Toyota Sera XY10 Toyota Classic N80 Toyota Origin XG10
[show]
v
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e
Lexus, a division of Toyota Motor Corporation, vehicle production timeline
Type Line 1990s 2000s 2010s
9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Compact CT A10
IS XE10 XE20 XE30
HS ANF10
Mid-size ES V20 XV10 XV20 XV30 XV40 XV60
GS S140 S160 S190 L10
Full-size LS XF10 XF20 XF30 XF40 XF50
Crossover NX AZ10
RX XU10 XU30 AL10 AL20
SUV GX J120 J150
LX J80 J100 J200
Coupé RC XC10
SC Z30 Z40
LC Z100
LFA LFA
[show]
v
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e
Panasonic Toyota Racing
Personnel
Tadashi Yamashina
John Howett
Pascal Vasselon
Ove Andersson
Tsutomu Tomita
Noted drivers
Timo Glock
Kamui Kobayashi
Cristiano da Matta
Allan McNish
Olivier Panis
Mika Salo
Ralf Schumacher
Jarno Trulli
Ricardo Zonta
Formula One cars
TF101
TF102
TF103
TF104
TF104B
TF105
TF105B
TF106
TF106B
TF107
TF108
TF109
TF110
[show]
v
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e
Toyota sportscar racers (1968–present)
Group 7 (1968–1970)
7
Group 5 (1977–1982)
Celica LB Turbo
TOM'S Corolla G5
Dome Celica Turbo
Group C (1983–1993)
TOM'S Celica C
82C
83C
84C
85C
86C
87C
88C
88C-V
89C-V
90C-V
91C-V
92C-V
TS010
93C-V
IMSA GTP (1988–1993)
Mk. I
88C
HF89
MkIII
GT1 / LMGTP / LMP (1994–)
94C-V
TOM'S LMP
GT-One (TS020)
TS030 Hybrid
TS040 Hybrid
TS050 Hybrid
[show]
v
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Automotive industry in Japan
Automotive industry in Japan
Economy of Japan
Transport in Japan
Companies
Vehicle producers
ASL
Duesen Bayern
Subaru Corporation
Blitzen
Subaru
Honda
Acura
Isuzu
Kawasaki
Kawasaki Motorcycle & Engine
Mazda
Amati
Autozam
Ẽfini
Eunos
M2
Xedos
Mitsubishi Group
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
Mitsubishi Motors (66%)
Mitsubishi Fuso (10.71%)
Mitsuoka
Nissan
Cony
Datsun
Infiniti
Kurogane
Ohta
Otomo
Prince
Shatai
Tama
Suzuki
Hope
Toyota
Daihatsu
Scion
Lexus
Hino
WiLL
UD Trucks
Yamaha
Active Factories
Toyota Factories
Defunct Factories
-
Components
Aisin Seiki
Akebono Brake
Bridgestone
Calsonic Kansei
Clarion
Denso
Fujitsu Ten
GS Yuasa
Hitachi
HKS
IHI Corporation
Jatco
JECS
JTEKT
Kawasaki
Kayaba Industry
Mabuchi Motor
Mikuni
Mitsuba Corporation
NGK
NHK Spring
Nidec
Nisshinbo
NSK
NTN Corporation
Sumitomo Riko
Sumitomo Rubber Industries
Takata Corporation
Tokico
Toyo Tire & Rubber Company
Toyota Boshoku
Tsubakimoto Chain
Yanmar
Yazaki Corporation
Yokohama Rubber Company
Zexel
Motorsport and
tuners
5Zigen
A'PEXi
Autech
Blitz
Car Make T&E
Dome
Enkei
GReddy
HKS
Impul
JUN Auto
Kojima
Mazdaspeed
Mine's
Mugen Motorsports
Nismo
Rauh-Welt Begriff
Rays Engineering
RE Amemiya
RS Watanabe
SARD
Spoon Sports
Subaru Tecnica International
Tanabe
Speed Star Racing
Tein
Toda Racing
Tomei
Tommykaira
Top Secret
TOM'S
Toyota Racing Development
Veilside
WALD International
WedsSport
Yashio Factory
Services
Autobacs Seven
Tokyo Trading
Yanase Imported Cars
Related topics
Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association
Tokyo Motor Show
Tokyo Auto Salon
Used vehicle exporting
J-NCAP
National Highway
Expressways
Category
Portal
Note: defunct companies and marques above are shown in italics
[show]
v
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Bus manufacturing companies of Asia
Active
Ankai
Ashok Leyland
BharatBenz
Bonluck Bus
BYD Auto
Daewoo Bus(Zyle Daewoo bus)
Dongfeng Nissan-Diesel
Eicher Motors
Force
Foton
Ganja Auto Plant
Gemilang Coachworks
Ghandhara
GAG Bus
HICOM AM
Hindustan
Huanghai Bus
Hyundai Motor Group
Hyundai
Kia(Granbird)
Fujian Motors Group
King Long
Xiamen Golden Dragon
Higer Bus
Iran Khodro Diesel
Isuzu
JAC
Mahindra
Mahindra Navistar
SsangYong
Master
Mitsubishi Fuso
Mudan
Nissan
Saipa Diesel
SHL Coach
Sunlong Bus
Swaraj Mazda
Tata
Tata Daewoo
Tata Marcopolo
Toyota
Hino
Hinopak
UD Trucks
Zhongtong Bus
Defunct
BakAZ
Changzhou Changjiang
FHI
Ghandhara Nissan
Samsung
[show]
v
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Nikkei 225 companies of Japan
7&i
Advantest
ÆON
AGC
Ajinomoto
Alps
ANA
Amada
Aozora Bank
Asahi Breweries
Asahi Kasei
Astellas
Bridgestone
Canon
Casio
Chiba Bank
Chiyoda
Chuden
Chugai
Citizen
Comsys
Concordia Financial
Credit Saison
Dai-ichi Life
Daiichi Sankyo
Daikin
Dainippon Screen
Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma
Daiwa House
Daiwa Securities
Denka
Denso
Dentsu
DNP
Dowa
Ebara
Eisai
Fanuc
Fast Retailing
Fuji Electric
Fuji Heavy Industries
Fujifilm
Fujikura
Fujitsu
Fukuoka Financial
Furukawa Co., Ltd.
Furukawa Electric
GS Yuasa
Heiwa Real Estate
Hino
Hitachi
Hitachi Construction Machinery
Hitz
Hokuetsu Paper
Honda
IHI
INPEX
Isetan-Mitsukoshi
Isuzu
Itochu
JFE
J. Front Retailing
JGC
JR Central
JR East
JR West
JSW
JT
JTEKT
JXTG
Kajima
KEPCO
Kao
Kawasaki
KDDI
Keio
Keisei
Kikkoman
Kirin
K Line
Kobelco
Komatsu
Konami
Konica Minolta
Kubota
Kuraray
Kyocera
Kyowa Hakko Kirin
Marubeni
Maruha Nichiro
Marui
Matsui Securities
Mazda
Meidensha
Meiji Holdings
MES
Minebea
Mitsubishi Chemical
Mitsubishi Corporation
Mitsubishi Electric
Mitsubishi Estate
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
Mitsubishi Logistics
Mitsubishi Materials
Mitsubishi Motors
Mitsui & Co.
Mitsui Chemicals
Mitsui Fudosan
Mitsui Kinzoku
Mitsumi Electric
Mizuho
MOL
MS&AD
MUFG
NEC
NEG
NGK
Nichirei
Nikon
Nippon Express
Nippon Kayaku
Nippon Light Metal
Nippon Ham
Nippon Paper Industries
Nippon Soda
Nippon Suisan
Nissan
Nissan Chemical
Nisshin Seifun
Nisshin Steel
Nisshinbo
Nittobo
Nitto Denko
Sompo Japan Nipponkoa Holdings
Nomura
NSG
NSK
NSSMC
NTN
NTT
NTT Data
NTT DoCoMo
NYK
Obayashi
Odakyu
Oji Holdings Corporation
OKI
Okuma
Olympus
Osaka Gas
Pacific Metals
Panasonic
Pioneer
Resona
Ricoh
Sapporo Holdings
Secom
Sekisui House
Sharp
Shimz
Shin-Etsu
Shinsei Bank
Shionogi
Shiseido
Shizuoka Bank
Showa Denko
Showa Shell
SKY Perfect JSAT
SoftBank
Sojitz
Sony
Sony Financial
SUMCO
Sumitomo Chemical
Sumitomo Corporation
Sumitomo Electric
Sumitomo Heavy Industries
Sumitomo Metal Mining
Sumitomo Mitsui Financial
Sumitomo Mitsui Trust
Sumitomo Osaka Cement
Sumitomo Realty
Suzuki
T&D
Taiheiyo Cement
Taisei
Taiyo Yuden
Takara
Takashimaya
Takeda
TDK
Teijin
TEPCO
Terumo
Tobu
Toho
Toho Zinc
Tokai Carbon
Tokuyama Corporation
Toyo Seikan
Tokio Marine
Tokyo Dome
Tokyo Electron
Tokyo Gas
Tokyo Tatemono
Tokyu
Tokyu Land
Toppan
Toray
Toshiba
Tosoh
Toto
Toyobo
Toyota
Toyota Tsusho
Trend Micro
Ube
Unitika
Uny
Yahoo! Japan
Yamaha
Yamato Transport
Yasakawa
Yokogawa Electric
Yokohama Rubber
[show]
v
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TOPIX 100 companies of Japan
Core 30
7&i
Astellas
Canon
Denso
FANUC
Hitachi
Honda
JR Central
JR East
JT
KDDI
Mitsubishi Corporation
Mitsubishi Estate
Mitsui & Co.
Mitsui Fudosan
Mizuho
MUFG
Murata
Nissan
Nomura
NTT
NTT DoCoMo
Panasonic
Shin-Etsu
SoftBank
Sony
Sumitomo Mitsui Financial
Takeda
Tokio Marine
Toyota
Large 70
ÆON
Ajinomoto
ANA
Asahi Breweries
Asahi Kasei
Bridgestone
Chubu Electric Power
Concordia Financial
Dai-ichi Life
Daiichi Sankyo
Daikin
Daito Trust Construction
Daiwa House
Daiwa Securities
Eisai
Fast Retailing
Fujifilm
Fuji Heavy Industries
Fujitsu
Hoya
INPEX
Isuzu
Itochu
Japan Airlines
JR West
JFE
JXTG
Kao
KEPCO
Keyence
Kirin
Komatsu
Kubota
Kyocera
Marubeni
Mazda
Mitsubishi Chemical
Mitsubishi Electric
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
MS&AD
Nidec
Nintendo
Nitto Denko
NSSMC
Ono Pharmaceutical
Oriental Land
Orix
Osaka Gas
Otsuka Pharmaceutical
Rakuten
Resona
Secom
Sekisui House
Shionogi
Shiseido
SMC
Sompo Holdings
Sumitomo Corporation
Sumitomo Electric
Sumitomo Metal Mining
Sumitomo Mitsui Trust
Sumitomo Realty
Suzuki
T&D Holdings
Tokyo Electron
Tokyo Gas
Toray
Toshiba
Unicharm
Yamato Transport
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 153304083
ISNI: 0000 0000 9175 1993
GND: 136030-9
SUDOC: 029939070
BNF: cb12145829k (data)
NDL: 00262927
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Scion (car)

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Forbes 2000

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Volkswagen AG

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Takata airbag

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Traditional Chinese character

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Simplified Chinese character

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Toyota Vista

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Toyota Prius c

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Toyota Blade

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Toyota Corolla RunX

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Toyota Estima

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Toyota Roomy

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Toyota Hilux Surf

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Toyota Esquire

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Toyota Cavalier

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Toyota MasterAce

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Toyota Premio

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Toyota Vanguard

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Toyota Rush

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Toyota Hiace

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Toyota Toyoace

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Toyota Pixis Space

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Toyota Corsa

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Toyota Cami

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Toyota Cynos

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Toyota Regius

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Toyota Celsior

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Toyota Corolla Axio

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Toyota Spade

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Toyota Passo

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Toyota TownAce

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mw-redirect
Toyota Windom

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Toyota Scepter

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Toyota Corolla Ceres

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mw-redirect
Toyota WiLL

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mw-redirect
Toyota Celica XX

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mw-redirect
Toyota Celica Camry

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mw-redirect
Toyota Voxy

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mw-redirect
Toyota Kluger

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mw-redirect
Toyota Vellfire

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mw-redirect
Toyota Allex

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mw-redirect
Toyota Fun Cargo

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mw-redirect
Toyota Pronard

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mw-redirect
Toyota Altezza

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mw-redirect
Toyota Aristo

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mw-redirect
Toyota MR-S

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mw-redirect
Toyota Carib

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mw-redirect
Toyota Granvia

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mw-redirect
Toyota in motorsports

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mw-redirect
Lean Manufacturing

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Just In Time (business)

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mw-redirect
Just-in-time (business)

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mw-redirect
Fuji Heavy Industries

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Advanced Parking Guidance System

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Toyota Century Royal

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Japanese imperial family

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Vice chairman

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Lexus RX 350

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Toyota Camry Hybrid

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CO2 emissions

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Toyota Prius v

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Toyota Camry hybrid

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mw-redirect
Toyota Highlander Hybrid

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mw-redirect
Toyota Avalon Hybrid

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mw-redirect
Toyota Auris Hybrid

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Toyota Yaris Hybrid

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mw-redirect
Alphard Hybrid

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mw-redirect
Estima Hybrid

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mw-redirect
Toyota Crown Hybrid

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mw-redirect
Corolla Fielder

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mw-redirect
Toyota Corolla Hybrid

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mw-redirect
Toyota Levin Hybrid

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mw-redirect
Toyota RAV4 Hybrid

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mw-redirect
Nameplate (automotive)

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mw-redirect
Lexus RX 450h

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mw-redirect
Lexus GS 450h

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mw-redirect
Lexus IS 300h

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mw-redirect
Plug-in electric car

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mw-redirect
Volt/Ampera family

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mw-redirect
Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV

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mw-redirect
Toyota Prius Prime

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mw-redirect
Toyota iQ EV

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mw-redirect
Tesla Motors

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mw-redirect
Toyota RAV4 EV Concept

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mw-redirect
Toyota FT-EV II

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mw-redirect
Toyota FT-EV III

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mw-redirect
Car sharing

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mw-redirect
Toyota i-Road

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mw-redirect
Hino Blue Ribbon City

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mw-redirect
Toyota FCHV-1

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mw-redirect
Toyota FCHV-2

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mw-redirect
Toyota FCHV-3

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mw-redirect
Toyota FCHV-4

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mw-redirect
Toyota FCHV-adv

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mw-redirect
Toyota FCV-R

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mw-redirect
Japanese JC08 test

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Los Angeles Auto Show

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Compact pickup

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San Antonio, Texas

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Formula Nippon

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/wiki/Le_Mans_Series
mw-redirect
Le Mans Series

value: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2012)

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mw-redirect
Life cycle assessment

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/wiki/Corporate_Average_Fuel_Economy
mw-redirect
Corporate Average Fuel Economy

value: Edit section: Production and sales numbers

value: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2013)

value: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2010)

value: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2016)

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Pickup trucks

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Toyota City, Japan

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external text
http://toyota.jpn.org/archives/96

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external text
http://biz.yahoo.com/ic/52/52290.html

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http://www.toyota.com.cn/
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external text
http://juemi.de/toyota.html

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http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15638076/
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external text
http://www.hinocanada.com/index-1.html

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mw-redirect
Kelly Blue Book

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/wiki/New_Sunday_Times
mw-redirect
New Sunday Times

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/wiki/Toledo_Blade
mw-redirect
Toledo Blade

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http://papers.sae.org/2016-01-1185/
external text

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external text
//doi.org/10.4271%2F2016-01-1185

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http://papers.sae.org/2016-01-1187/
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external text
//doi.org/10.4271%2F2016-01-1187

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http://papers.sae.org/2016-01-1192/
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//doi.org/10.4271%2F2016-01-1192

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http://www.toyota.com/usa/community/
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Toyota Agya

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mw-redirect
Toyota Corolla Fielder

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mw-redirect
Toyota Calya

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mw-redirect
Toyota Estima Hybrid

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mw-redirect
Toyota ProAce

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mw-redirect
Toyota Briska

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mw-redirect
Toyota Corona T190

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mw-redirect
Toyota Corolla Spacio

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mw-redirect
Toyota FJ40

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mw-redirect
Toyota Grand Hiace

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mw-redirect
Toyota Nadia

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mw-redirect
Toyota Lexcen

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mw-redirect
Toyota Mark II Qualis

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mw-redirect
Toyota Tiara

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mw-redirect
Toyota Urban Cruiser

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mw-redirect
Toyota Vienta

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mw-redirect
Toyota WISH

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mw-redirect
Toyota Zelas

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mw-redirect
Toyota 4500GT

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mw-redirect
Toyota A-BAT

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mw-redirect
Toyota Alessandro Volta

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mw-redirect
Toyota Avalon (Concept)

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Toyota AXV-II

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Toyota AXV-III

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mw-redirect
Toyota AXV-IV

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mw-redirect
Toyota CAL-1

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Toyota Celica Cruising Deck

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mw-redirect
Toyota Celica XYR

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mw-redirect
Toyota Century GT45

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mw-redirect
Toyota C-HR concept

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Toyota Corona 1500S Convertible

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Toyota Corona 1900S Sporty Sedan

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Toyota Corona Sports Coupe

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mw-redirect
Toyota Crown Convertible

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mw-redirect
Toyota CS&S

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mw-redirect
Toyota CX-80

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mw-redirect
Toyota Dream Car

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mw-redirect
Toyota Dream Car Model

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Toyota Electronics Car

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mw-redirect
Toyota EX-I

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mw-redirect
Toyota EX-II

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mw-redirect
Toyota EX-III

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mw-redirect
Toyota EX-7

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mw-redirect
Toyota EX-11

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mw-redirect
Toyota Fine-N

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mw-redirect
Toyota Fine-S

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mw-redirect
Toyota Fine-X

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mw-redirect
Toyota FT-1

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mw-redirect
Toyota FT-86

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mw-redirect
Toyota FT-CH

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mw-redirect
Toyota FT-EV

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/wiki/Toyota_FT-SX
mw-redirect
Toyota FT-SX

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mw-redirect
Toyota FXV-II

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/wiki/Toyota_HC-CV
mw-redirect
Toyota HC-CV

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mw-redirect
Toyota Hybrid X

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/wiki/Toyota_Marinetta
mw-redirect
Toyota Marinetta

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/wiki/Toyota_Marinetta_10
mw-redirect
Toyota Marinetta 10

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/wiki/Toyota_Motor_Triathlon_Race_Car
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Toyota Motor Triathlon Race Car

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/wiki/Toyota_MP-1
mw-redirect
Toyota MP-1

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/wiki/Toyota_NLSV
mw-redirect
Toyota NLSV

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/wiki/Toyota_Prius_c_Concept
mw-redirect
Toyota Prius c Concept

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/wiki/Toyota_Prius_Custom_Plus_Concept
mw-redirect
Toyota Prius Custom Plus Concept

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/wiki/Toyota_Publica_Sports
mw-redirect
Toyota Publica Sports

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/wiki/Toyota_RV-1
mw-redirect
Toyota RV-1

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/wiki/Toyota_RV-2
mw-redirect
Toyota RV-2

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/wiki/Toyota_RV-5
mw-redirect
Toyota RV-5

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/wiki/Toyota_Sports_X
mw-redirect
Toyota Sports X

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/wiki/Toyota_Street_Affair
mw-redirect
Toyota Street Affair

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/wiki/Toyota_SV-1
mw-redirect
Toyota SV-1

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/wiki/Toyota_SV-2
mw-redirect
Toyota SV-2

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mw-redirect
Toyota SV-3

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/wiki/Toyota_TAC3
mw-redirect
Toyota TAC3

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/wiki/Toyota_VM180_Zagato
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Toyota VM180 Zagato

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Toyota X-Runner

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Toyota Corolla Levin

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mw-redirect
Toyota Corona EXIV

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mw-redirect
Toyota Progres

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mw-redirect
Toyota Prius (XW50)

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mw-redirect
Flagship car

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Toyota Camry (XV70)

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mw-redirect
Compact SUV

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Mid-size SUV

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mw-redirect
Full-size SUV

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Subcompact SUV

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Toyota Camry (XV60)

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mw-redirect
Sport compact car

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Lexus ES (XV40)

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mw-redirect
Crossover SUV

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mw-redirect
Lexus RX (XU10)

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mw-redirect
Lexus RX (XU30)

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mw-redirect
Lexus RX (AL10)

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Sportscar racing

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mw-redirect
Toyota 93C-V

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Le Mans prototype

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mw-redirect
Toyota 94C-V

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TOM'S Toyota LMP

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Mitsubishi Group

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mw-redirect
Mitsubishi Motors Corporation

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Nissan Motor Company

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mw-redirect
Tokyu Kurogane Kogyo

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mw-redirect
Tama Electric Car Company

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Yazaki Corporation

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Dongfeng Nissan-Diesel Company

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Xiamen Golden Dragon

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mw-redirect
Mahindra & Mahindra Limited

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Mahindra Navistar

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mw-redirect
Toyota Motor Corporation

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Citizen Holdings

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mw-redirect
Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma

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Denki Kagaku Kogyo

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Kirin Brewery Company

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mw-redirect
Nippon Steel

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Sony Financial

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mw-redirect
ÆON (company)

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http://isni.org/isni/0000000091751993

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https://d-nb.info/gnd/136030-9

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https://www.idref.fr/029939070

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Toyota – Azerbaijani
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Toyota – Bosnian
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Toyota – Czech
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Toyota – Welsh
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Toyota – German
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Toyota – Greek
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Toyota – Spanish
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Toyota – Esperanto
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Toyota – Basque
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Toyota – Kikuyu
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Toyota – Croatian
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Toyota – Indonesian
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Toyota – Icelandic
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Toyota – Italian
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Toyota – Javanese
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Toyota – Serbo-Croatian
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