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Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Yojana
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BetiPadao Yojana
Country
India
Prime Minister(s)
Narendra Modi
Ministry
A joint initiative of MoWCD, MoHFW and MoHRD
Launched
22 January 2015; 2 years ago (2015-01-22)
Status: Active
Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao (translation: Save girl child, educate a girl child) is a social campaign of the Government of India that aims to generate awareness and improve the efficiency of welfare services intended for girls. The scheme was launched with an initial funding of ₹100 crore (US$16 million).[1] It has been the target of fraudsters in Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Punjab, Bihar and Delhi.[2][3]
According to census data, the child sex ratio (0–6 years) in India was 927 girls per 1,000 boys in 2001, which dropped to 918[1] girls for every 1,000 boys in 2011. A 2012 UNICEF report ranked India 41st among 195 countries.[citation needed]
Speaking on the occasion of International Day of the Girl Child in 2014, the Prime Minister, Narendra Modi had called for the eradication of female foeticide and invited suggestions from the citizens of India via the MyGov.in portal.[4]
The Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao (BBBP) scheme was launched on 22 January 2015 by Modi..[5][6] It aims to address the issue of the declining child sex ratio image (CSR) and is a national initiative jointly run by the Ministry of Women and Child Development, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and the Ministry of Human Resource Development. It initially focused multi-sector action in 100 districts throughout the country where there was a low CSR.
In 26 August 2016, Olympics 2016 bronze medallist Sakshi Malik was made brand ambassador for BBBP.[7]
The hashtag #SelfieWithDaughter was promoted on social media in June 2015, which started when Sunil Jaglan the sarpanch of the village Bibipur in Haryana took a selfie with his daughter Nandini and posted on Facebook on 9 June 2015.[8] The hashtag garnered worldwide fame.[9]
Contents
[hide]
1 Need
2 Strategies
3 Support
4 References
Need[edit]
Further information: Female foeticide in India
Sex-selective abortion or female foeticide has led to a sharp drop in the ratio of girls born in contrast to boy infants in some states in India. Ultrasound technology has made it possible for pregnant women and their families to learn the gender of a foetus early in a pregnancy. Discrimination against girl infants, for several reasons, has combined with the technology to result in a rise in abortions of foetuses identified as female during ultrasonic testing.
The trend was first noticed when results of the 1991 national census were released, and it was confirmed to be a worsening problem when results of the 2001 national census were released. The reduction in the female population of certain Indian states continues to worsen, as results of the 2011 national census have shown. It has been observed that the trend is most pronounced in relatively prosperous regions of India.[10] The dowry system in India is often blamed; the expectation that a large dowry must be provided for daughters in order for them to marry is frequently cited as a major cause for the problem.[11] Pressure for parents to provide large dowries for their daughters is most intense in prosperous states where high standards of living, and modern consumerism, are more prevalent in Indian society.
Rates of female foeticide in Madhya Pradesh are increasing; the rate of live births was 932 girls per 1000 boys in 2001, which dropped to 918 by 2011. It is expected that if this trend continues, by 2021 the number of girls will drop below 900 per 1000 boys.[12]
Strategies[edit]
Strategies employed to succefully carry out the scheme are:[13]
Implement a sustained Social Mobilization and Communication Campaign to create equal value for the girl child and promote her education.
Place the issue of decline in CSR/SRB in public discourse, improvement of which would be an indicator for good governance.
Focus on Gender Critical Districts and Cities.
Support[edit]
The Beti Bachao campaign is supported by the Indian Medical Association.[14]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
Jump up ^ K Sandeep Kumar, Rajeev Mullick (19 May 2017). "UP govt sounds alert over Beti Bachao Beti Padhao scheme fraud". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 12 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Press Trust of India (28 March 2017). "Haryana govt cautions people against frauds under Beti Bachao-Beti Padhao scheme". The Indian Express. Retrieved 12 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "PM Narendra Modi invites ideas on "Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao"". DNA India. 11 October 2014. Retrieved 2016-06-12.
Jump up ^ "PM to Launch 'Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao' Programme from Haryana". Newindianexpress.com. Retrieved 2016-06-12.
Jump up ^ "PM Narendra Modi to launch 'Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao' programme from Haryana". The Economic Times. Retrieved 2016-06-12.
Jump up ^ "Sakshi Malik to be brand ambassador of 'Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao' campaign in Haryana". 2016-08-24. Retrieved 2016-08-24.
Jump up ^ Mohan, Rohini (30 June 2015). "How PM Modi's Beti Bachao, Selfie Banao campaign became a rage to rewrite gender-skewed script in Haryana". Economic Times. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
Jump up ^ Sanyal, Anindita (28 June 2015). "#SelfieWithDaughter Trends Worldwide After PM Modi's Mann ki Baat". NDTV. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
Jump up ^ Selections from regional press, V. p. 68.
Jump up ^ Panwar, Preeti (June 29, 2012). "Female foeticide: Death before birth". Bankersadda. Retrieved September 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ Gupta, Suchandana (October 3, 2011). "Skewed sex ratio: MP launches 'Beti Bachao Abhiyan'". Times of India. Retrieved September 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Beti Bachao Beti Padhao — Vikaspedia". Vikaspedia.in. Retrieved 2016-06-12.
Jump up ^ "Indian Medical Association". Journal of the Indian Medical Association. Indian Medical Association. 105 (7-12): 711. 2007.
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Unique key
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In database relational modeling and implementation, a unique key [1] is a superkey—that is, in the relational model of database organization, a set of attributes of a relation variable for which it holds that in all relations assigned to that variable, there are no two distinct tuples (rows) that have the same values for the attributes in this set.[2]
When more than one column is combined to form a unique key, their combined value is used to access each row and maintain uniqueness. These keys are referred to as aggregate or compound keys. Values are not combined, they are compared using their data types.
When a column or set of columns is defined as unique to the database management system, the system verifies that each set of values is unique before assigning the constraint. After the column(s) is(are) defined as unique, an error will occur if an insertion is attempted with values that already exist. Some systems will not allow key values to be updated, all systems will not allow duplicates. This ensures that uniqueness is maintained in both the primary table and any relations that are later bound to it.
Contents
[hide]
1 Summary
2 Defining unique keys in SQL
2.1 Differences from primary key constraints
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Summary[edit]
Keys provide the means for database users and application software to identify, access and update information in a database table. There may be several keys in any given table. For example, two distinct keys in a table of employees might be employee number and login name. The enforcement of a key constraint (i.e. a uniqueness constraint) in a table is also a data integrity feature of the database. The DBMS prevents updates that would cause duplicate key values and thereby ensures that tables always comply with the desired rules for uniqueness. Proper selection of keys when designing a database is therefore an important aspect of database integrity.
A relational database table may have one or more available keys (formally called candidate keys). One of those keys per table may be designated the primary key; other keys are called alternate keys.
Any key may consist of one or more attributes. For example, a Social Security Number might be a single attribute key for an employee; a combination of flight number and date might be a key consisting of two attributes for a scheduled flight.
There are several types of keys used in database modeling and implementations.
Key Name
Definition
Simple A key made from only one attribute.
Concatenated A key made from more than one attribute joined together as a single key, such as part or whole name with a system generated number appended as often used for E-mail addresses.
Compound A key made from at least two attributes or simple keys, only simple keys exist in a compound key.
Composite A key containing at least one compound key with at least one other attribute or simple key (this is an extension of a compound key).
Natural A key made from data that exists outside the current database. In other words, the data is not system generated, such as a social security number imported from another system.
Surrogate An artificial key made from data that is system assigned or generated when another candidate key exists. Surrogate keys are usually numeric ID values and often used for performance reasons.[citation needed]
Candidate A key that may become the primary key.
Primary The key that is selected as the primary key. Only one key within an entity is selected to be the primary key. This is the key that is allowed to migrate to other entities to define the relationships that exist among the entities. When the data model is instantiated into a physical database, it is the key that the system uses the most when accessing the table, or joining the tables together when selecting data.
Alternate A non-primary key that can be used to identify only one row in a table. Alternate keys may be used like a primary key in a single-table select.
Foreign A unique key that has migrated to another entity.
At the most basic definition, "a key is a unique identifier",[3] so unique key is a pleonasm. Keys that are within their originating entity are unique within that entity. Keys that migrate to another entity may or may not be unique, depending on the design and how they are used in the other table. Foreign keys may be the primary key in another table; for example a PersonID may become the EmployeeID in the Employee table. In this case, the EmployeeID is both a foreign key and the unique primary key, meaning that the tables have a 1:1 relationship. In the case where the person entity contained the biological father ID, the father ID would not be expected to be unique because a father may have more than one child.
Here is an example of a primary key becoming a foreign key on a related table. ID migrates from the Author table to the Book table.
Author Table Schema: Author(ID, Name, Address, Born) Book Table Schema: Book(ISBN, AuthorID, Title, Publisher, Price)
Here ID serves as the primary key in the table 'Author', but also as AuthorID serves as a Foreign Key in the table 'Book'. The Foreign Key serves as the link, and therefore the connection, between the two related tables in this sample database.
In a relational database, a candidate key uniquely identifies each row of data values in a database table. A candidate key comprises a single column or a set of columns in a single database table. No two distinct rows or data records in a database table can have the same data value (or combination of data values) in those candidate key columns since NULL values are not used. Depending on its design, a database table may have many candidate keys but at most one candidate key may be distinguished as the primary key.
A key constraint applies to the set of tuples in a table at any given point in time. A key is not necessarily a unique identifier across the population of all possible instances of tuples that could be stored in a table but it does imply a data integrity rule that duplicates should not be allowed in the database table. Some possible examples of unique keys are Social Security Numbers, ISBNs, vehicle registration numbers or user login names.
Unique keys as well as primary keys may be logically referenced by foreign keys, but most RDBMS only allow a foreign key constraint against a primary key.
Defining unique keys in SQL[edit]
The definition of other unique keys is syntactically very similar to primary keys.
  ALTER TABLE <table identifier> ADD [ CONSTRAINT <constraint identifier> ] UNIQUE ( <column expression> {, <column expression>}... )
Likewise, unique keys can be defined as part of the CREATE TABLE SQL statement.
  CREATE TABLE table_name ( id_col INT, col2 CHARACTER VARYING(20), key_col SMALLINT NOT NULL, ... CONSTRAINT key_unique UNIQUE(key_col), ... )
  CREATE TABLE table_name ( id_col INT PRIMARY KEY, col2 CHARACTER VARYING(20), ... key_col SMALLINT NOT NULL UNIQUE, ... )
Differences from primary key constraints[edit]
Differences between Primary Key constraint and Unique constraint:
Primary Key constraint
1. A primary key cannot allow null (a primary key cannot be defined on columns that allow nulls).
2. Each table cannot have more than one primary key.
3. On some RDBMS a primary key generates a clustered index by default.
Unique constraint
1. A unique constraint can be defined on columns that allow nulls.
2. Each table can have multiple unique keys.
3. On some RDBMS a unique key generates a nonclustered index by default.
Note that unlike the PRIMARY KEY constraint a UNIQUE constraint does not imply NOT NULL for the columns participating in the constraint. NOT NULL must be specified to make the column(s) a key. It is possible to put UNIQUE constraints on nullable columns but the SQL standard states that the constraint does not guarantee uniqueness of nullable columns (uniqueness is not enforced for rows where any of the columns contains a null).
According to the SQL[4] standard a unique constraint does not enforce uniqueness in the presence of nulls and can therefore contain several rows with identical combinations of nulls and non-null values — however not all RDBMS implement this feature according to the SQL standard.[5][6]
See also[edit]
Globally Unique Identifier
Persistent Object Identifier
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Since a key, by definition, implies that each value of its attribute(s) is unique, a redundant term should be avoided.
Jump up ^ Introduction to Database Management Systems. Tata McGraw-Hill. 2005. p. 77. ISBN 9780070591196. no two tuples in any legal relation
Jump up ^ Awad, Elias (1985), Systems Analysis and Design, Second Edition, Richard D. Irwin, Inc., ISBN 0-256-02824-9
Jump up ^ Summary of ANSI/ISO/IEC SQL Archived April 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Constraints - SQL Database Reference Material - Learn sql, read an sql manual, follow an sql tutorial, or learn how to structure an SQL query
Jump up ^ Comparison of different SQL implementations
External links[edit]
Relation Database terms of reference, Keys: An overview of the different types of keys in an RDBMS
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text:
List of Prison Break episodes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Prison Break is an American serial drama television series that premiered on the Fox network on August 29, 2005, and finished its fifth season on May 30, 2017. The series was simulcast on Global in Canada,[1] and broadcast in dozens of countries worldwide. Prison Break is produced by Adelstein-Parouse Productions, in association with Rat Television, Original Television and 20th Century Fox Television. The series revolves around two brothers: Michael Scofield (Wentworth Miller) and Lincoln Burrows (Dominic Purcell). In the first season, Lincoln is sentenced to death for a crime he did not commit, and Michael deliberately incarcerates himself to help him escape prison. Season two focuses on the manhunt of the prison escapees, season three revolves around Michael's breakout from a Panamanian jail, and the fourth and final[2] season unravels the criminal conspiracy that imprisoned Lincoln.
A total of 90 episodes of Prison Break have been aired, in addition to three special making-of episodes. The first season aired from August 29, 2005 to May 15, 2006, with a four-month break after Thanksgiving. The second season, which premiered on August 21, 2006, had a similar schedule as the first, although it had a shorter break. After an eight-week hiatus, the second season resumed on January 22, 2007 before ending on April 2, 2007. The third season began on September 17, 2007, with an eight-episode run. The show's third season went on hiatus over the 2007 Christmas period because of the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. It resumed on January 14, 2008, and the last five episodes of the season were aired. The fourth season, consisting of 22 episodes, began airing in September 2008, stopped in December 2008, and resumed on April 17, 2009. After being in development for several months, Fox announced in January 2016 that it had ordered a limited event series that would serve as a continuation to the original series. The season premiered on April 4, 2017, on Fox.[3]
The first five seasons of Prison Break have been released on DVD and Blu-ray in Regions 1, 2, and 4. Each DVD boxed set includes all of the broadcast episodes from that season, the associated special episode, commentary from cast and crew, and profiles of various parts of Prison Break, such as Fox River State Penitentiary or the tattoo.[4][5][6][7] Prison Break is also available online, including iTunes, Amazon Video, and Netflix.[8][9] After the premiere of the second season of Prison Break, Fox began online streaming of the prior week's episode, though it originally restricted viewing to the United States.[10]
Contents
[hide]
1 Series overview
2 Episodes
2.1 Season 1 (2005–06)
2.2 Season 2 (2006–07)
2.3 Season 3 (2007–08)
2.4 Season 4 (2008–09)
2.5 Season 5 (2017)
3 Specials
4 References
4.1 General
4.2 Specific
5 External links
Series overview[edit]
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
1 22 August 29, 2005 (2005-08-29) May 15, 2006 (2006-05-15)
2 22 August 21, 2006 (2006-08-21) April 2, 2007 (2007-04-02)
3 13 September 17, 2007 (2007-09-17) February 18, 2008 (2008-02-18)
4 24 September 1, 2008 (2008-09-01) May 15, 2009 (2009-05-15)
5 9 April 4, 2017 (2017-04-04) May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
Episodes[edit]
Season 1 (2005–06)[edit]
Main article: Prison Break (season 1)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)
1
1 "Pilot" Brett Ratner Paul Scheuring August 29, 2005 (2005-08-29) 1AKJ79 10.51[11]
2
2 "Allen" Michael W. Watkins Paul Scheuring August 29, 2005 (2005-08-29) 1AKJ01 10.51[11]
3
3 "Cell Test" Brad Turner Michael Pavone September 5, 2005 (2005-09-05) 1AKJ02 8.49[12]
4
4 "Cute Poison" Matt Earl Beesley Matt Olmstead September 12, 2005 (2005-09-12) 1AKJ03 9.15[13]
5
5 "English, Fitz or Percy" Randall Zisk Zack Estrin September 19, 2005 (2005-09-19) 1AKJ04 7.96[14]
6
6 "Riots, Drills and the Devil (Part 1)" Robert Mandel Nick Santora September 26, 2005 (2005-09-26) 1AKJ05 8.55[15]
7
7 "Riots, Drills and the Devil (Part 2)" Vern Gillum Karyn Usher October 3, 2005 (2005-10-03) 1AKJ06 9.48[16]
8
8 "The Old Head" Jace Alexander Monica Macer October 24, 2005 (2005-10-24) 1AKJ07 10.12[17]
9
9 "Tweener" Matt Earl Beesley Paul Scheuring October 31, 2005 (2005-10-31) 1AKJ08 9.01[18]
10
10 "Sleight of Hand" Dwight H. Little Nick Santora November 7, 2005 (2005-11-07) 1AKJ09 8.06[19]
11
11 "And Then There Were 7" Jesús Salvador Treviño Zack Estrin November 14, 2005 (2005-11-14) 1AKJ10 9.58[20]
12
12 "Odd Man Out" Bobby Roth Karyn Usher November 21, 2005 (2005-11-21) 1AKJ11 10.08[21]
13
13 "End of the Tunnel" Sanford Bookstaver Paul Scheuring November 28, 2005 (2005-11-28) 1AKJ12 12.18[22]
14
14 "The Rat" Kevin Hooks Matt Olmstead March 20, 2006 (2006-03-20) 1AKJ13 9.28[23]
15
15 "By the Skin and the Teeth" Fred Gerber Nick Santora March 27, 2006 (2006-03-27) 1AKJ14 10.07[24]
16
16 "Brother's Keeper" Greg Yaitanes Zack Estrin April 3, 2006 (2006-04-03) 1AKJ15 8.10[25]
17
17 "J-Cat" Guy Ferland Karyn Usher April 10, 2006 (2006-04-10) 1AKJ16 8.12[26]
18
18 "Bluff" Jace Alexander Nick Santora & Karyn Usher April 17, 2006 (2006-04-17) 1AKJ17 8.18[27]
19
19 "The Key" Sergio Mimica-Gezzan Story by : Paul Scheuring
Teleplay by : Zack Estrin & Matt Olmstead April 24, 2006 (2006-04-24) 1AKJ18 8.63[28]
20
20 "Tonight" Bobby Roth Zack Estrin May 1, 2006 (2006-05-01) 1AKJ19 8.54[29]
21
21 "Go" Dean White Matt Olmstead May 8, 2006 (2006-05-08) 1AKJ20 9.13[30]
22
22 "Flight" Kevin Hooks Paul Scheuring May 15, 2006 (2006-05-15) 1AKJ21 10.24[31]
Season 2 (2006–07)[edit]
Main article: Prison Break (season 2)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)
23
1 "Manhunt" Kevin Hooks Paul Scheuring August 21, 2006 (2006-08-21) 2AKJ01 9.37[32]
24
2 "Otis" Bobby Roth Matt Olmstead August 28, 2006 (2006-08-28) 2AKJ02 9.44[33]
25
3 "Scan" Bryan Spicer Zack Estrin September 4, 2006 (2006-09-04) 2AKJ03 9.29[34]
26
4 "First Down" Bobby Roth Nick Santora September 11, 2006 (2006-09-11) 2AKJ04 8.96[35]
27
5 "Map 1213" Peter O'Fallon Karyn Usher September 18, 2006 (2006-09-18) 2AKJ05 9.55[36]
28
6 "Subdivision" Eric Laneuville Monica Macer September 25, 2006 (2006-09-25) 2AKJ06 8.41[37]
29
7 "Buried" Sergio Mimica-Gezzan Seth Hoffman October 2, 2006 (2006-10-02) 2AKJ07 8.99[38]
30
8 "Dead Fall" Vincent Misiano Zack Estrin October 23, 2006 (2006-10-23) 2AKJ08 8.53[39]
31
9 "Unearthed" Kevin Hooks Nick Santora October 30, 2006 (2006-10-30) 2AKJ09 8.94[40]
32
10 "Rendezvous" Dwight H. Little Karyn Usher November 6, 2006 (2006-11-06) 2AKJ10 8.63[41]
33
11 "Bolshoi Booze" Greg Yaitanes Monica Macer & Seth Hoffman November 13, 2006 (2006-11-13) 2AKJ11 9.21[42]
34
12 "Disconnect" Karen Gaviola Nick Santora & Karyn Usher November 20, 2006 (2006-11-20) 2AKJ12 9.62[43]
35
13 "The Killing Box" Bobby Roth Zack Estrin November 27, 2006 (2006-11-27) 2AKJ13 9.62[44]
36
14 "John Doe" Kevin Hooks Matt Olmstead & Nick Santora January 22, 2007 (2007-01-22) 2AKJ14 9.86[45]
37
15 "The Message" Bobby Roth Zack Estrin & Karyn Usher January 29, 2007 (2007-01-29) 2AKJ15 9.90[46]
38
16 "Chicago" Jesse Bochco Matt Olmstead & Nick Santora February 5, 2007 (2007-02-05) 2AKJ16 10.12[47]
39
17 "Bad Blood" Nelson McCormick Paul Scheuring & Karyn Usher February 19, 2007 (2007-02-19) 2AKJ17 9.55[48]
40
18 "Wash" Bobby Roth Nick Santora February 26, 2007 (2007-02-26) 2AKJ18 9.42[49]
41
19 "Sweet Caroline" Dwight H. Little Karyn Usher March 5, 2007 (2007-03-05) 2AKJ19 9.72[50]
42
20 "Panama" Vincent Misiano Zack Estrin March 19, 2007 (2007-03-19) 2AKJ20 8.40[51]
43
21 "Fin Del Camino" Bobby Roth Matt Olmstead & Seth Hoffman March 26, 2007 (2007-03-26) 2AKJ21 8.24[52]
44
22 "Sona" Kevin Hooks Paul Scheuring April 2, 2007 (2007-04-02) 2AKJ22 8.12[53]
Season 3 (2007–08)[edit]
Main article: Prison Break (season 3)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)
45
1 "Orientación" Kevin Hooks Paul Scheuring September 17, 2007 (2007-09-17) 3AKJ01 7.51[54]
46
2 "Fire/Water" Bobby Roth Matt Olmstead September 24, 2007 (2007-09-24) 3AKJ02 7.41[55]
47
3 "Call Waiting" Milan Cheylov Zack Estrin October 1, 2007 (2007-10-01) 3AKJ03 7.29[56]
48
4 "Good Fences" Michael Switzer Nick Santora October 8, 2007 (2007-10-08) 3AKJ04 7.35[57]
49
5 "Interference" Karen Gaviola Karyn Usher October 22, 2007 (2007-10-22) 3AKJ05 7.44[58]
50
6 "Photo Finish" Kevin Hooks Seth Hoffman November 5, 2007 (2007-11-05) 3AKJ06 7.69[59]
51
7 "Vamonos" Vincent Misiano Zack Estrin & Kalinda Vazquez November 5, 2007 (2007-11-05) 3AKJ07 8.00[59]
52
8 "Bang & Burn" Bobby Roth Christian Trokey & Nick Santora November 12, 2007 (2007-11-12) 3AKJ08 7.18[60]
53
9 "Boxed In" Craig Ross, Jr. Karyn Usher January 14, 2008 (2008-01-14) 3AKJ09 7.87[61]
54
10 "Dirt Nap" Michael Switzer Matt Olmstead & Seth Hoffman January 21, 2008 (2008-01-21) 3AKJ10 7.81[62]
55
11 "Under and Out" Greg Yaitanes Zack Estrin February 4, 2008 (2008-02-04) 3AKJ11 7.35[63]
56
12 "Hell or High Water" Kevin Hooks Nick Santora February 11, 2008 (2008-02-11) 3AKJ12 7.84[64]
57
13 "The Art of the Deal" Nelson McCormick Matt Olmstead & Seth Hoffman February 18, 2008 (2008-02-18) 3AKJ13 7.40[65]
Season 4 (2008–09)[edit]
Main article: Prison Break (season 4)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)
58
1 "Scylla" Kevin Hooks Matt Olmstead September 1, 2008 (2008-09-01) 4AKJ01 6.53[66]
59
2 "Breaking & Entering" Bobby Roth Zack Estrin September 1, 2008 (2008-09-01) 4AKJ02 6.53[66]
60
3 "Shut Down" Milan Cheylov Nick Santora September 8, 2008 (2008-09-08) 4AKJ03 6.36[67]
61
4 "Eagles & Angels" Michael Switzer Karyn Usher September 15, 2008 (2008-09-15) 4AKJ04 5.79[68]
62
5 "Safe & Sound" Karen Gaviola Seth Hoffman September 22, 2008 (2008-09-22) 4AKJ05 5.84[69]
63
6 "Blow Out" Bryan Spicer Kalinda Vazquez September 29, 2008 (2008-09-29) 4AKJ06 5.28[70]
64
7 "Five the Hard Way" Garry A. Brown Christian Trokey October 6, 2008 (2008-10-06) 4AKJ07 5.37[71]
65
8 "The Price" Bobby Roth Graham Roland October 20, 2008 (2008-10-20) 4AKJ08 5.45[72]
66
9 "Greatness Achieved" Jesse Bochco Nick Santora November 3, 2008 (2008-11-03) 4AKJ09 5.23[73]
67
10 "The Legend" Dwight H. Little Karyn Usher November 10, 2008 (2008-11-10) 4AKJ10 5.38[74]
68
11 "Quiet Riot" Kevin Hooks Seth Hoffman November 17, 2008 (2008-11-17) 4AKJ11 5.52[75]
69
12 "Selfless" Michael Switzer Kalinda Vazquez November 24, 2008 (2008-11-24) 4AKJ12 5.25[76]
70
13 "Deal or No Deal" Bobby Roth Christian Trokey December 1, 2008 (2008-12-01) 4AKJ13 5.84[77]
71
14 "Just Business" Mark Helfrich Graham Roland December 8, 2008 (2008-12-08) 4AKJ14 5.40[78]
72
15 "Going Under" Karen Gaviola Zack Estrin December 15, 2008 (2008-12-15) 4AKJ15 5.37[79]
73
16 "The Sunshine State" Kevin Hooks Matt Olmstead & Nicholas Wootton December 22, 2008 (2008-12-22) 4AKJ16 4.98[80]
74
17 "The Mother Lode" Jonathan Glassner Seth Hoffman April 17, 2009 (2009-04-17) 4AKJ17 3.34[81]
75
18 "VS." Dwight H. Little Christian Trokey & Kalinda Vazquez April 24, 2009 (2009-04-24) 4AKJ18 3.06[82]
76
19 "S.O.B." Garry A. Brown Karyn Usher May 1, 2009 (2009-05-01) 4AKJ19 3.20[83]
77
20 "Cowboys & Indians" Milan Cheylov Nick Santora May 8, 2009 (2009-05-08) 4AKJ20 2.99[84]
78
21 "Rate of Exchange" Bobby Roth Zack Estrin May 15, 2009 (2009-05-15) 4AKJ21 3.32[85]
79
22 "Killing Your Number" Kevin Hooks Matt Olmstead & Nicholas Wootton May 15, 2009 (2009-05-15) 4AKJ22 3.32[85]
80
23 "The Old Ball and Chain" Brad Turner Story by : Christian Trokey
Teleplay by : Nick Santora & Seth Hoffman May 27, 2009 (2009-05-27) (UK) 4AKJ23 N/A
81
24 "Free" Kevin Hooks Story by : Kalinda Vazquez
Teleplay by : Zack Estrin & Karyn Usher May 27, 2009 (2009-05-27) (UK) 4AKJ24 N/A
Season 5 (2017)[edit]
Main article: Prison Break (season 5)
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)
82
1 "Ogygia" Nelson McCormick Paul Scheuring April 4, 2017 (2017-04-04) 1AZM01 3.83[86]
83
2 "Kaniel Outis" Maja Vrvilo Paul Scheuring April 11, 2017 (2017-04-11) 1AZM02 3.18[87]
84
3 "The Liar" Maja Vrvilo Josh Goldin & Rachel Abramowitz April 18, 2017 (2017-04-18) 1AZM03 2.44[88]
85
4 "The Prisoner's Dilemma" Guy Ferland Michael Horowitz April 25, 2017 (2017-04-25) 1AZM04 2.75[89]
86
5 "Contingency" Guy Ferland Vaun Wilmott May 2, 2017 (2017-05-02) 1AZM05 2.35[90]
87
6 "Phaecia" Kevin Tancharoen Michael Horowitz May 9, 2017 (2017-05-09) 1AZM06 2.37[91]
88
7 "Wine Dark Sea" Kevin Tancharoen Vaun Wilmott May 16, 2017 (2017-05-16) 1AZM07 2.41[92]
89
8 "Progeny" Nelson McCormick Michael Horowitz May 23, 2017 (2017-05-23) 1AZM08 1.90[93]
90
9 "Behind the Eyes" Nelson McCormick Paul Scheuring May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30) 1AZM09 2.30[94]
Specials[edit]
No.
Title
Narrated by
Original air date
1
"Behind the Walls" Mark Thompson October 11, 2005 (2005-10-11)
The first special episode recaps the first seven episodes of the first season. It also includes making-of footage, cast interviews and background information on the show and the main characters. In the United States and United Kingdom, this episode was shown after the seventh episode, "Riots, Drills and the Devil (Part 2)", while in Australia, a slightly edited version of this special aired on April 12, 2006 in between episodes 10 and 11. This episode was released on an exclusive DVD that could only be received at Target with the purchase of the Season 1 DVD in the United States.[95]
2
"The Road to Freedom" John Leader January 8, 2007 (2007-01-08)
Aired prior to the fourteenth episode, the second special episode previews the remaining episodes of the season. It also features interviews with cast members Wentworth Miller, Dominic Purcell, Sarah Wayne Callies, William Fichtner, Wade Williams, Paul Adelstein, Robert Knepper and Silas Weir Mitchell.
3
"Access All Areas" Amanda Byram September 23, 2007 (2007-09-23)
The third special episode was only aired on Sky1 in the United Kingdom. Like the other two special episodes, it focuses on the beginning of its season. It includes making-of footage and interviews with the cast, and also provides additional background information on the show and the new main characters.
References[edit]
General[edit]
"Prison Break: Season 1". IGN. Retrieved February 17, 2009.
"Prison Break: Season 2". IGN. Retrieved February 17, 2009.
"Prison Break: Season 3". IGN. Retrieved February 17, 2009.
"Prison Break: Season 4". IGN. Retrieved February 17, 2009.
Specific[edit]
Jump up ^ "Canadian Idol Puts Prison Break Behind Bars with 1.5 Million Viewers" (Press release). CTV Television Network. September 9, 2008. Retrieved April 13, 2009.
Jump up ^ Dos Santos, Kristin (January 14, 2008). "Prison Break is ending". E!. Retrieved January 14, 2009.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (January 11, 2017). "Prison Break, Making History Premiere Dates Announced by Fox". TVLine. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Prison Break – Season 1 DVD Information". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Retrieved February 17, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Prison Break DVD news: Season 2 delayed again..." TVShowsOnDVD.com. May 18, 2007. Retrieved May 25, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Prison Break – Season 3 DVD Information". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Retrieved February 17, 2009.
Jump up ^ Lambert, David (April 13, 2009). "Prison Break DVD news: Announcement for Prison Break – Season 4: The Final Season". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Retrieved April 13, 2009.
Jump up ^ Chen, Jason (September 7, 2006). "Amazon launches Unbox Video Download store". Gawker Media Network. Gizmodo. Retrieved April 13, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Watch Prison Break Online". Netflix. Retrieved April 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Fox frees Prison Break without ads". C21Media. August 25, 2006. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. September 7, 2005. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. September 13, 2005. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
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Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. October 11, 2005. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. November 1, 2005. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. November 8, 2005. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. November 15, 2005. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. November 22, 2005. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. November 29, 2005. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. December 6, 2005. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. March 28, 2006. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. April 4, 2006. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. April 11, 2006. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. April 18, 2006. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. April 25, 2006. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. May 2, 2006. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. May 9, 2006. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. May 16, 2006. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
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Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. August 29, 2006. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. September 6, 2006. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. September 12, 2006. Archived from the original on March 29, 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. September 19, 2006. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. September 26, 2006. Archived from the original on March 29, 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. October 3, 2006. Archived from the original on January 10, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. October 10, 2006. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. October 31, 2006. Archived from the original on February 27, 2009. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. November 7, 2006. Archived from the original on March 11, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. November 14, 2006. Archived from the original on March 11, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. November 21, 2006. Archived from the original on February 18, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. November 28, 2006. Archived from the original on November 6, 2014. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. December 5, 2006. Archived from the original on January 28, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. January 30, 2007. Archived from the original on September 3, 2010. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. February 6, 2007. Archived from the original on December 9, 2014. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. February 13, 2007. Archived from the original on March 11, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. February 27, 2007. Archived from the original on March 11, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. March 6, 2007. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. March 13, 2007. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. March 27, 2007. Archived from the original on September 3, 2010. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. April 3, 2007. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. April 10, 2007. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. September 25, 2007. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. October 2, 2007. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. October 9, 2007. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. October 16, 2007. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. October 30, 2007. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. November 13, 2007. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. November 20, 2007. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. January 23, 2008. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (January 22, 2008). "Overnight Results for Monday, January 21". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on January 26, 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (February 6, 2008). "Nielsen Ratings Mon, Feb 4: NBC Press Release". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on January 30, 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. February 20, 2008. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (February 19, 2008). "Nielsen Ratings for Mon Feb 18: More Monday Domination for NBC". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on January 28, 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Gorman, Bill (September 10, 2008). "Top Fox Primetime Shows, September 1–7". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on January 28, 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (September 17, 2008). "Top Fox Primetime Shows, September 8–14". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on January 26, 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (September 23, 2008). "Top Fox Primetime Shows, September 15–21". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on January 24, 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (September 30, 2008). "Top Fox Primetime Shows, September 22–28". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on January 27, 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (October 7, 2008). "Top Fox Primetime Shows, September 29 – October 5". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on January 26, 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (October 14, 2008). "Top Fox Primetime Shows, October 6–12". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on January 29, 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (October 29, 2008). "Top Fox Primetime Shows, October 20–26". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on January 30, 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (November 11, 2008). "Top Fox Primetime Shows, November 3–9". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on January 28, 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (November 18, 2008). "Top Fox Primetime Shows, November 10–16". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on January 24, 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (November 25, 2008). "Top Fox Primetime Shows, November 17–23". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on January 30, 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (December 3, 2008). "Top Fox Primetime Shows, November 24–30". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on January 28, 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (December 9, 2008). "Top Fox Primetime Shows, December 1–7". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on January 26, 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (December 16, 2008). "Top Fox Primetime Shows, December 8–14". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on January 27, 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (December 23, 2008). "Top Fox Primetime Shows, December 15–21". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on January 28, 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (December 30, 2008). "Top Fox Primetime Shows, December 22–28". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on January 31, 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (April 21, 2009). "Top Fox Primetime Shows, April 13–19". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (April 28, 2009). "Top Fox Primetime Shows, April 20–26". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (May 6, 2009). "Top Fox Primetime Shows, April 27-May 3". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (May 12, 2009). "Top Fox Primetime Shows, May 4–10". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Seidman, Robert (May 19, 2009). "Top Fox Primetime Shows, May 11–17". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (April 5, 2017). "'NCIS' and 'The Middle' adjust up: Tuesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (April 12, 2017). "'The Middle' adjusts up: Tuesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (April 19, 2017). "'The Middle' adjusts up: Tuesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (April 26, 2017). "'The Mick' and 'Agents of SHIELD' adjust up, 'iZombie' adjusts down: Tuesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 3, 2017). "'NCIS' and 'The Middle' adjust up, 'Prison Break' adjusts down: Tuesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 10, 2017). "'The Voice' adjusts up, 'iZombie' adjusts down: Tuesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 17, 2017). "'NCIS' finale and 'Bull' adjust up, 'The Middle' adjusts down: Tuesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (May 24, 2017). "'Dancing With the Stars finale adjusts up, 'iZombie' adjusts down: Tuesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (June 1, 2017). "'America's Got Talent' adjusts up, 'Imaginary Mary' adjusts down: Tuesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Prison Break – Target Bonus DVD gets you an extra behind-the-scenes featurette, while Best Buy's gives you the mobile phone episodes!". TVShowsOnDVD.com. August 6, 2006. Retrieved August 20, 2006.
External links[edit]
List of Prison Break episodes on IMDb
List of Prison Break episodes at TV.com
[hide]
v
t
e
Prison Break
Seasons
Season 1
Season 2
Season 3
Season 4
Season 5
Episodes
"Pilot"
"Allen"
"Cell Test"
"Cute Poison"
"English, Fitz or Percy"
"Riots, Drills and the Devil"
"Manhunt"
"Rendezvous"
"Bolshoi Booze"
" Disconnect"
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"Scylla"
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"The Price"
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"The Legend"
"Quiet Riot"
"Selfless"
"Ogygia"
"The Liar"
"Kaniel Outis"
"The Prisoners Dilemma"
Characters
Theodore "T-Bag" Bagwell
Brad Bellick
Lincoln Burrows
Benjamin Miles "C-Note" Franklin
Paul Kellerman
Alexander Mahone
Michael Scofield
Fernando Sucre
Sara Tancredi
Minor characters
Cast members
Universe
Fox River State Penitentiary
Penitenciaría Federal de Sona
The Company
Other media
The Final Break (movie)
Proof of Innocence
The Conspiracy
Soundtracks
Seasons 1 & 2
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Related
Awards and nominations
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Prison_Break_episodes&oldid=826495528"
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Deputy Prime Minister of Australia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Not to be confused with Deputy Premiers of the Australian states.
Deputy Prime Minister of Australia
Commonwealth Coat of Arms
Incumbent
Michael McCormack
since 26 February 2018
Style
The Honourable
Appointer
Governor-General of Australia on the recommendation of the Prime Minister
Term length
At the Governor-General's pleasure
Inaugural holder
John McEwen
Formation
10 January 1968 (first gazetted)
Salary
AU$416,212 (since 2017)
Australia
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Monarch: Elizabeth II
Governor-General: Sir Peter Cosgrove
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Prime Minister: Malcolm Turnbull
Deputy Prime Minister: Barnaby Joyce
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President: Scott Ryan
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Speaker: Tony Smith
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Leader: Bill Shorten
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The Deputy Prime Minister of Australia is the second-most senior officer in the Government of Australia. The office of Deputy Prime Minister was officially created as a ministerial portfolio in 1968, although the title had been used informally for many years previously. The Deputy Prime Minister is appointed by the Governor-General on the advice of the Prime Minister. When Australia has a Labor Government, the deputy leader of the party holds the position of Deputy Prime Minister. When Australia has a Coalition Government (as it does now), the Coalition Agreement mandates that all Coalition members support the leader of the Liberal Party becoming Prime Minister and mandates that the leader of the National Party be selected as Deputy Prime Minister.[1]
The present office-holder, Michael McCormack, was elected Leader of the National Party on Monday 26 February 2018[2] at a meeting at which the resignations of his predecessor, Barnaby Joyce, became effective.[3][4][5] Joyce resigned following controversies over his actions[3] and returned to the back bench.[6] McCormack was sworn in as Deputy Prime Minister later the same day.[7]
The 2017 Australian constitutional crisis resulted in the position being made vacant for the first time since its official creation. Barnaby Joyce, the then-incumbent, was ruled ineligible to be a member of parliament by the High Court of Australia sitting as the Court of Disputed Returns on 27 October 2017, as he held New Zealand citizenship at the time of his election in contravention of Section 44 of the Constitution of Australia.[8][9] Joyce regained the position on 6 December 2017[10] after he won the by-election for the seat of New England several days earlier.[9]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Duties
3 Salary
4 List of Deputy Prime Ministers of Australia
5 Living former Deputy Prime Ministers
6 Informal Deputy Prime Ministers
7 References
8 External links
History[edit]
Originally the position of deputy Prime Minister was an unofficial or honorary position. The unofficial position acquired more significance following the 1922 federal election, which saw the governing Nationalist Party lose its parliamentary majority. The Nationalists eventually reached a coalition agreement with the Country Party, which called for Country Party leader Earle Page to take the second rank in the Nationalist-led ministry of Stanley Bruce. While Page's only official title was Treasurer, he was considered as a deputy to Bruce.[11] Until 1968 the term was used unofficially for the second-highest ranking minister in the government, especially while the Coalition was in government. Under the Coalition agreement between the Liberals (and their predecessors) and Country Party, when in government, the position was held by the leader of the Country Party (subsequently the National Party). That continues to be case when the Coalition is in government.[1] In the case of Labor governments, the party's deputy leader was and continues to be the Deputy Prime Minister.
On 19 December 1967, John McEwen, the long-serving leader of the Country Party in the Coalition government, was sworn in as interim Prime Minister following the sudden death in office of Prime Minister Harold Holt. (There was discussion that deputy Liberal leader and Treasurer William McMahon should assume the office. McMahon had planned a party room meeting on 20 December to elect a new leader, intending to stand for the position himself. However, this was pre-empted by McEwen who publicly declared on the morning of 18 December that he would not serve in a McMahon government.) McEwen was sworn in as Prime Minister on the understanding that his commission would continue only so long as it took for the Liberals to elect a new leader. The Liberal leadership ballot was rescheduled for 9 January 1968. As it turned out, McMahon did not stand, and Senator John Gorton was elected, replacing McEwen as Prime Minister on 10 January 1968.[12] McEwen reverted to his previous status as the second-ranking member of the government, as per the Coalition agreement. He had unofficially been Deputy Prime Minister since becoming Country Party leader in 1958, and since 1966 had exercised an effective veto over government policy by virtue of being the longest-serving member of the government; he had been a member of the Coalition frontbench without interruption since 1937. To acknowledge McEwen's long service and his status as the second-ranking member of the government, Gorton formally created the post of Deputy Prime Minister, with McEwen as the first holder of the post.
Governor-General Lord Casey also accepted the view put to him by McEwen that to commission a Liberal temporarily as Prime Minister would give that person an unfair advantage in the forthcoming party room ballot for the permanent leader. McEwen's appointment was in keeping with the previous occasion when the main non-Labor party was without a leader; Earle Page of the Country Party was interim Prime Minister between 7 and 26 April 1939—the period between Joseph Lyons' sudden death and the United Australia Party naming Robert Menzies his successor.
Since 1968 only two Deputy Prime Ministers have gone on to become Prime Minister: Paul Keating and Julia Gillard. In both cases, they succeeded incumbent Prime Ministers who lost the support of their party caucus mid-term and their election as party leader preceded their predecessor's resignations and their subsequent appointments as Prime Minister. Frank Forde, who had been deputy Labor leader when John Curtin died, was interim Prime Minister between 6 and 13 July 1945, when a leadership ballot took place that elected Ben Chifley as Curtin's successor.
In November 2007, when the Australian Labor Party won government, Julia Gillard became Australia's first female, and first foreign-born, Deputy Prime Minister.
In 2017, the position became vacant for a period of 40 days, the only time in its history when it has been unoccupied. As part of the 2017–18 Australian parliamentary eligibility crisis, it emerged that the then-incumbent Barnaby Joyce was a citizen of New Zealand by descent (jus sanguinis – by right of blood) at the time of the 2016 federal election.[13] Joyce told the House of Representatives that he was advised of his citizenship status on 10 August 2017 by the New Zealand High Commission[14] and his renunciation of his dual citizenship became effective on 15 August 2017.[15] Nevertheless, he asked for his case to be referred to the High Court of Australia (sitting as the Court of Disputed Returns) for adjudication,[13] and they ruled that his election was invalid under section 44 of the Constitution of Australia.[8][9] The government immediately issued writs for a by-election for the seat of New England to be held on 2 December 2017, which Joyce won easily.[9] Governor-General Sir Peter Cosgrove re-appointed Joyce as Deputy Prime Minister on 6 December 2017.[10]
In practice, only National party leaders or Labor Party deputy leaders have held the position.
Duties[edit]
The duties of the Deputy Prime Minister are to act on behalf of the Prime Minister in his or her absence overseas or on leave. The Deputy Prime Minister has always been a member of the Cabinet, and has always held at least one substantive portfolio. (It would be technically possible for a minister to hold only the portfolio of Deputy Prime Minister, but this has never happened.)
If the Prime Minister were to die, become incapacitated or resign, the Governor-General would normally appoint the Deputy Prime Minister as Prime Minister on an interim basis until the governing party elects a new leader, but is not obligated to do so. This has not occurred since the office was created as a portfolio in 1968.
Salary[edit]
Members of parliament receive a base salary of $203,030, which is set by the Remuneration Tribunal (an independent statutory authority). Government ministers receive an additional amount, which is determined by the government itself based on the recommendations of the Remuneration Tribunal.[16] The deputy prime minister receives an additional 105 percent of the base salary, making for a total salary of $416,212.[17] The holder of the office also receives various other allowances and entitlements.[16]
List of Deputy Prime Ministers of Australia[edit]
The following individuals have been officially appointed as Deputy Prime Minister of Australia since the office of Deputy Prime Minister was created as a ministerial portfolio in 1968:[18][19]
#
Deputy Prime Minister
Party affiliation
and position
Ministerial title
Term start
Term end
Term in office
Prime Minister
1 John McEwen Country
Leader 1958–71 Deputy Prime Minister
Minister for Trade and Industry 10 January 1968 (1968-01-10) 5 February 1971 (1971-02-05) 3 years, 26 days John Gorton
2 Doug Anthony Country
Leader 1971–84 Deputy Prime Minister
Minister for Trade and Industry 5 February 1971 (1971-02-05) 10 March 1971 (1971-03-10) 1 year, 304 days
10 March 1971 (1971-03-10) 5 December 1972 (1972-12-05) William McMahon
3 Lance Barnard Labor
Deputy Leader 1967–74 Deputy Prime Minister
Minister for Defence 5 December 1972 (1972-12-05) 12 June 1974 (1974-06-12) 1 year, 189 days Gough Whitlam
4 Jim Cairns Labor
Deputy Leader 1974–75 Deputy Prime Minister
Treasurer 12 June 1974 (1974-06-12) 2 July 1975 (1975-07-02) 1 year, 20 days
5 Frank Crean Labor
Deputy Leader 1975 Deputy Prime Minister
Minister for Overseas Trade 2 July 1975 (1975-07-02) 11 November 1975 (1975-11-11) 132 days
Doug Anthony Country National
Leader 1971–84 Deputy Prime Minister
Minister for Trade and Industry 12 November 1975 (1975-11-12) 11 March 1983 (1983-03-11) 7 years, 119 days Malcolm Fraser
6 Lionel Bowen Labor
Deputy Leader 1977–90 Deputy Prime Minister
Minister for Trade
Vice-President of the Executive Council
Leader of the House
Attorney-General 11 March 1983 (1983-03-11) 4 April 1990 (1990-04-04) 7 years, 24 days Bob Hawke
7 Paul Keating Labor
Deputy Leader 1990–91 Deputy Prime Minister
Treasurer 4 April 1990 (1990-04-04) 3 June 1991 (1991-06-03) 1 year, 60 days
8 Brian Howe Labor
Deputy Leader 1991–95 Deputy Prime Minister
Minister for Health
Minister for Housing
Minister for Community Services
Minister for Local Government
Minister for Regional Affairs 3 June 1991 (1991-06-03) 20 December 1991 (1991-12-20) 4 years, 17 days
20 December 1991 (1991-12-20) 20 June 1995 (1995-06-20) Paul Keating
9 Kim Beazley Labor
Deputy Leader 1995–96 Deputy Prime Minister
Minister for Finance
Leader of the House 20 June 1995 (1995-06-20) 11 March 1996 (1996-03-11) 265 days
10 Tim Fischer National
Leader 1990–99 Deputy Prime Minister
Minister for Trade 11 March 1996 (1996-03-11) 20 July 1999 (1999-07-20) 3 years, 131 days John Howard
11 John Anderson National
Leader 1999–2005 Deputy Prime Minister
Minister for Transport and Regional Development 20 July 1999 (1999-07-20) 6 July 2005 (2005-07-06) 5 years, 351 days
12 Mark Vaile National
Leader 2005–7 Deputy Prime Minister
Minister for Trade
Minister for Transport and Regional Services 6 July 2005 (2005-07-06) 3 December 2007 (2007-12-03) 2 years, 150 days
13 Julia Gillard Labor
Deputy Leader 2006–10 Deputy Prime Minister
Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations
Minister for Education
Minister for Social Inclusion 3 December 2007 (2007-12-03) 24 June 2010 (2010-06-24) 2 years, 203 days Kevin Rudd
14 Wayne Swan Labor
Deputy Leader 2010–13 Deputy Prime Minister
Treasurer 24 June 2010 (2010-06-24) 27 June 2013 (2013-06-27) 3 years, 3 days Julia Gillard
15 Anthony Albanese Labor
Deputy Leader 2013 Deputy Prime Minister
Minister for Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy
Minister for Infrastructure and Transport 27 June 2013 (2013-06-27) 18 September 2013 (2013-09-18) 83 days Kevin Rudd
16 Warren Truss National
Leader 2007–16 Deputy Prime Minister
Minister for Infrastructure and Regional Development 18 September 2013 (2013-09-18) 15 September 2015 (2015-09-15) 2 years, 153 days Tony Abbott
15 September 2015 (2015-09-15) 18 February 2016 Malcolm Turnbull
17 Barnaby Joyce National
Leader 2016–18 Deputy Prime Minister
Minister for Agriculture and Water Resources
Minister for Resources and Northern Australia (25 July 2017 – 27 October 2017) 18 February 2016 (2016-02-18) 27 October 2017 (2017-10-27) 2 years, 8 days
Deputy Prime Minister
Minister for Infrastructure and Transport (20 December 2017 – 26 February 2018) 6 December 2017 (2017-12-06) 26 February 2018 (2018-02-26)
18 Michael McCormack National
Leader 2018-Present Deputy Prime Minister
Minister for Infrastructure and Transport
Minister for Defence Personnel (until 5 March 2018)
Minister for Veterans' Affairs (until 5 March 2018) 26 February 2018 (2018-02-26) Incumbent 55 days
Living former Deputy Prime Ministers[edit]
As of April 2018, there are 12 living former Deputy Prime Ministers of Australia, the oldest being Doug Anthony (born 1929). The most recent former deputy prime minister to die was Lionel Bowen (1983–1990), on 1 April 2012.
Doug Anthony (1971–72, 1975–83)
Paul Keating (1990–91)
Brian Howe (1991–95)
Kim Beazley (1995–96)
Tim Fischer (1996–99)
John Anderson (1999–2005)
Mark Vaile (2005–07)
Julia Gillard (2007–10)
Wayne Swan (2010–13)
Anthony Albanese (2013)
Warren Truss (2013–16)
Barnaby Joyce (2016–17, 2017–18)
Informal Deputy Prime Ministers[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The office of Deputy Prime Minister was created in January 1968 but prior to that time the term was used unofficially for the second-highest ranking minister in the government.
Name
Picture
Term of office
Political party and position
Ministerial Offices
Prime Minister
Alfred Deakin 1901 1903 Protectionist Party
Deputy Leader 1901–03 Attorney-General
Acting Prime Minister 1902
Edmund Barton
William Lyne 1903 1904 Protectionist Party
Deputy Leader 1901–09 Minister for Trade and Customs
Alfred Deakin
Gregor McGregor 1904 1904 Australian Labor Party
Deputy Leader 1901–14 Vice-President of the Executive Council
Chris Watson
Allan McLean 1904 1905 Protectionist Party Minister for Trade and Customs
George Reid
William Lyne 1905 1908 Protectionist Party
Deputy Leader 1901–09 Minister for Trade and Customs
Treasurer
Alfred Deakin
Gregor McGregor 1908 1909 Australian Labor Party
Deputy Leader 1901–14 Vice-President of the Executive Council
Andrew Fisher
Joseph Cook 1909 1910 Commonwealth Liberal Party
Deputy Leader 1909–13 Minister for Defence
Alfred Deakin
Gregor McGregor 1910 1913 Australian Labor Party
Deputy Leader 1901–14 Vice-President of the Executive Council
Andrew Fisher
John Forrest 1913 1914 Commonwealth Liberal Party
Deputy Leader 1913–16 Treasurer
Joseph Cook
Billy Hughes 1914 1915 Australian Labor Party
Deputy Leader 1914–15 Attorney-General
Acting Prime Minister 1915
Andrew Fisher
George Pearce 1915 1916 Australian Labor Party
Deputy Leader 1915–16 Minister for Defence
Acting Prime Minister 1916
Billy Hughes
1916 1917 National Labor Party
Deputy Leader 1916–17
William Watt 1918 1920 Nationalist
Deputy Leader 1918–20 Treasurer
Acting Prime Minister 1918–19
Joseph Cook 1917 1921 Nationalist
Deputy Leader 1920–21 Minister for the Navy
Treasurer
acting Prime Minister May–September 1921
Earle Page 1923 1929 Country Party
Leader 1921–39 Treasurer
Stanley Bruce
Ted Theodore 1929 1932 Australian Labor Party
Deputy Leader 1929–32 Treasurer
James Scullin
James Fenton 1930 1931 Australian Labor Party
Temporary Leader 1929–32 Acting Prime Minister 1930–31
James Scullin
John Latham 1932 1934 United Australia Party
Deputy Leader 1932–34 Attorney-General
Minister for External Affairs
Minister for Industry
Joseph Lyons
George Pearce 1934 1934 United Australia Party
Deputy Leader 1934 Minister for External Affairs
Minister in Charge of Territories
Earle Page 1934 1939 Country Party
Leader 1921–39 Minister for Commerce
Minister for Health
Archie Cameron 1940 1940 Country Party
Leader 1939–40 Postmaster-General
Minister for Commerce
Minister for the Navy
Robert Menzies
Arthur Fadden 1940 1941 Country Party
Leader 1940–58 Minister for the Air
Minister for Civil Aviation
Treasurer
Acting Prime Minister 1940
Billy Hughes 1941 1941 United Australia Party
Leader 1941–43 Minister for the Navy
Attorney-General
Arthur Fadden
Frank Forde 1941 1946 Australian Labor Party
Deputy Leader 1932–46 Minister for the Army
Minister for Defence
Acting Prime Minister April–July 1944, November 1944 – January 1945, Prime Minister for one week in 1945
John Curtin
Ben Chifley
H. V. Evatt 1946 1949 Australian Labor Party
Deputy Leader 1946–51 Minister for External Affairs
Attorney-General
Arthur Fadden 1949 1958 Country Party
Leader 1940–58 Treasurer
Robert Menzies
John McEwen 1958 1967 Country Party
Leader 1958–71 Minister for Trade and Industry
Acting Prime Minister June–July 1965
Harold Holt
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Koziol, Michael; Bagshaw, Eryk (16 February 2018). "Why can't Malcolm Turnbull sack Barnaby Joyce?". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Murphy, Katharine (26 February 2018). "Nationals appoint Michael McCormack as leader after George Christensen mounts challenge". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 February 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Probyn, Andrew (24 February 2018). "Malcolm Turnbull says Barnaby Joyce made 'right decision', says bond with Nationals 'strong'". ABC News (Online). News and Current Affairs Division of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Dziedzic, Stephen; Lipson, David (24 February 2018). "Barnaby Joyce's exit leaves Nationals looking to repair broken bonds". ABC News (Online). News and Current Affairs Division of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Massola, James (23 February 2018). "Barnaby Joyce quits as Deputy Prime Minister". The Age. Fairfax Media. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Elton-Pym, James (23 February 2018). "Barnaby Joyce has resigned as the leader of the Nationals and deputy prime minister of Australia to sit on the government's backbench". SBS World News. Special Broadcasting Service. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Yaxley, Louise (26 February 2018). "Michael McCormack replaces Barnaby Joyce as Deputy Prime Minister and Nationals leader". ABC News (Online). News and Current Affairs Division of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Massola, James (27 October 2017). "High Court citizenship verdict: Barnaby Joyce facing byelection in hammer blow to Turnbull government". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Green, Antony (2017). "2017 New England by-election – Guide". ABC News (Online). News and Current Affairs Division of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
Green, Antony (15 January 2018). "2017 New England by-election – Commentary". ABC News (Online). News and Current Affairs Division of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Murphy, Jamieson (6 December 2017). "Barnaby Joyce is once again the Deputy Prime Minister after being sworn in". Northern Daily Leader. Rural Press. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
Jump up ^ PrimeFacts: Deputy Prime Ministers of Australia
Jump up ^ http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/mcmahon/before-office.aspx
^ Jump up to: a b Gartrell, Adam; Remeikis, Amy (14 August 2017). "Barnaby Joyce refers himself to High Court over potential dual citizenship". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Barnaby Joyce, Deputy Prime Minister (14 August 2017). "Parliamentary Representation" (PDF). Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Commonwealth of Australia: House of Representatives. p. 8185. Retrieved 26 February 2018. Last Thursday afternoon the New Zealand High Commission contacted me to advise that, on the basis of preliminary advice from their Department of Internal Affairs, which had received inquiries from the New Zealand Labour Party, they considered that I may be a citizen by descent of New Zealand.
Jump up ^ Vielleris, Renee (15 August 2017). "Documentary evidence Barnaby Joyce has renounced his NZ citizenship". news.com.au. News Corp Australia. Retrieved 26 February 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Determination 2017/23: Members of Parliament, Remuneration Tribunal. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Report on Ministers of State - Salaries Additional to the Basic Parliamentary Salary, Remuneration Tribunal. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ministries and Cabinets". 43rd Parliamentary Handbook: Historical information on the Australian Parliament. Parliament of Australia. 2010. Archived from the original on 13 August 2014. Retrieved 9 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "Deputy Prime Ministers of Australia" (PDF). Museum of Australian Democracy. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
External links[edit]
The official site of the Deputy Prime Minister of Australia
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