text:
Jenna Boyd
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Jenna Boyd
Born
Jenna Michelle Boyd
(1993-03-04) March 4, 1993 (age 24)
Bedford, Texas, U.S.
Occupation
Actress
Years active
2001–present
Jenna Michelle Boyd (born March 4, 1993) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles in the feature films The Missing and The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants and the Netflix Original Series Atypical.
Contents
[hide]
1 Life and career
2 Filmography
3 Awards and nominations
4 External links
Life and career[edit]
Jenna Boyd was born in Bedford, Texas and moved with her parents and younger brother Cayden (also an actor) to Los Angeles to pursue her acting career. After a few small roles on television and film, Boyd's big break came when she was cast in The Missing, alongside Cate Blanchett and Evan Rachel Wood. Boyd's performance was praised in critical reviews of this film, although the film itself was not particularly well received. Previously she had been in Dickie Roberts: Former Child Star playing the daughter of a family hired by the title character (David Spade) to help him recapture his childhood. In 2005 Boyd played the Leukemia-suffering Bailey Graffman in The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants. Her recent roles include the Lifetime miniseries The Gathering in which she played the daughter of a doctor (Peter Gallagher) searching for his wife and in the Ghost Whisperer episode "Children of Ghosts" she played a troubled teenager living in a foster home. In 2017, she played Paige Hardaway, the "practice girlfriend" of the autistic main character, Sam Gardener, in the Netflix Original Series Atypical.
Filmography[edit]
Film
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2003 Hunted, TheThe Hunted Loretta Kravitz
2003 Dickie Roberts: Former Child Star Sally Finley
2003 Missing, TheThe Missing Dot Gilkeson
2005 In an Instant The Girl
2005 Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants, TheThe Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants Bailey
2012 Complicity Rachel
2012 Last Ounce of Courage Maddie Rogers
2014 Runaway Abby
Television
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2001 Geena Davis Show, TheThe Geena Davis Show Kid Episode: "Car Wash"
2001 Titus 5-Year-Old Shannon Episode: "Shannon's Song"
2001 Just Shoot Me! Hannah Gallo Episode: "Christmas? Christmas!"
2002 Special Unit 2 (voice) Episode: "The Piper"
2002 Six Feet Under 7-Year-Old Girl Episode: "The Secret"
2002 CSI: Crime Scene Investigation Sasha Rittle Episode: "Cross Jurisdictions"
2002 Mary Christmas Felice Wallace TV movie
2003 Carnivàle Maddy Crane Episode: "Milfay"
2007 Ghost Whisperer Julie Parker Episode: "Children of Ghosts"
2007 Gathering, TheThe Gathering Elizabeth 'Zee' Foster TV miniseries
2008 Criminal Minds Jessica Evanson Episode: "Minimal Loss"
2017 Atypical Paige Hardaway Recurring role
Awards and nominations[edit]
Award
Year
Category
Result
Role
Young Artist Award 2003 Best Performance in a TV Movie, Mini-Series or Special - Supporting Young Actress Nominated Felice Wallace in Mary Christmas
2004 Best Performance in a Feature Film - Supporting Young Actress Nominated Sally Finney in Dickie Roberts: Former Child Star
Best Performance in a Feature Film - Leading Young Actress Won Dot Gilkeson in The Missing
Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards Best Performance by a Youth in a Lead or Supporting Role - Female Nominated
Las Vegas Film Critics Society Awards Youth in Film Nominated
Saturn Award Best Performance by a Younger Actor Nominated
Teen Choice Award 2005 Choice Movie Breakout Performance - Female Nominated Bailey Graffman in The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants
Young Artist Award 2006 Best Performance in a Feature Film - Supporting Young Actress Nominated
2008 Best Performance in a TV Series - Guest Starring Young Actress Nominated Julie Parker in Ghost Whisperer
External links[edit]
Jenna Boyd on IMDb
Jenna Boyd at AllMovie
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 71106742
LCCN: no2004077159
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jenna_Boyd&oldid=804988430"
Categories:
1993 births
Living people
Actresses from Texas
American child actresses
American film actresses
American television actresses
People from Dallas
Pepperdine University alumni
21st-century American actresses
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List of countries by research and development spending
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This is a list of countries by research and development (R&D) spending in real terms and as per latest data available.
List[edit]
Only those nations which annually spend more than 50 million dollars have been included. The world's total nominal R&D spending was approximately one trillion dollars in 2010.[1]
Rank
Country/Region
Expenditures on R&D
(billions of US$, PPP),
% of GDP PPP
Expenditures on R&D per capita
(US$ PPP),
Year
Source
01 United States 473.4 2.742% 1,442.51 2013 [2]
02 China 409 2.1% 298.56 2015 [3]
— European Union 388.3 2.03% 764.3 2014 [4]
03 Japan 179.8 3.584% 1,413.9 2014 [4]
04 Germany 109.4 2.869% 1,351.1 2014 [4]
05 South Korea 91.6 4.292% 1,518.47 2014 [2]
06 India 66.5 0.85% 39.37 2015 [5]
07 France 60.0 2.256% 905.8 2014 [4]
08 United Kingdom 44.8 1.701% 692.9 2014 [4]
09 Russia 42.6 1.187% 290.21 2014 [2]
10 Brazil 35.4 1.15% 177.89 2012 [6]
11 Taiwan 33.7 3.1% 1,383.84 2015 [7][2]
12 Italy 27.4 1.287% 452.14 2014 [2]
13 Canada 25.7 1.612% 723.5 2014 [4]
14 Australia 23.3 2.12% 986.86 2014 [8]
15 Spain 19.2 1.222% 413.46 2014 [2]
16 Netherlands 16.3 1.973% 967.8 2014 [4]
21 Turkey 15.3 1.007% 198.36 2014 [2]
17 Sweden 14.2 3.161% 1,468.1 2014 [4]
20 Switzerland 13.1 2.967% 1,647.90 2012 [2]
18 Israel 12.7 4.3% 1,361.56 2015 [2]
22 Belgium 12.4 2.465% 1,102.9 2014 [4]
19 Austria 11.9 3.1% 1,416.14 2015 [2]
24 Poland 11.6 1.004% 301.06 2014 [2]
25 Singapore 10.0 2.186% 1,831.7 2014 [4]
23 Mexico 9.0 0.941% 237.57 2014 [2]
26 Finland 7.2 3.174% 1,318.0 2014 [4]
27 Denmark 8.2 3.085% 1,450.2 2014 [4]
28 Norway 5.8 1.710% 1,123.9 2014 [4]
29 Czech Republic 6.3 1.997% 600.04 2014 [2]
30 South Africa 4.8 0.732% 92.25 2012 [2]
31 Portugal 3.6 1.285% 347.84 2014 [2]
32 Ukraine 3 0.76% 73.7 2013 [6]
33 Pakistan 2.4 0.29% 13.29 2013 [6]
34 Argentina 5.4 0.585% 129.09 2013 [2]
35 Ireland 3.6 1.519% 779.4 2014 [4]
36 Malaysia 10.6 1.3% 344.3 2015 [6]
37 Saudi Arabia 1.8 0.25% 60.01 2012 [9][10]
38 Greece 2.4 0.835% 216.72 2014 [2]
39 Hungary 3.4 1.371% 343.01 2014 [2]
40 Thailand 3.6 0.39% 52.67 2011 [6]
41 New Zealand 1.8 1.172% 400.99 2013 [2]
42 Romania 1.5 0.383% 75.62 2014 [2]
43 Chile 1.56 0.379% 87.39 2014 [2]
44 Belarus 1.12 0.67% 118.44 2013 [6]
45 Egypt 6.2 0.68% 73.18 2013 [6]
46 Slovenia 1.5 2.386% 712.63 2014 [2]
47 Morocco 1.5 0.73% 47.59 2010 [6]
48 Indonesia 2.0 0.08% 8.09 2013 [6]
49 Croatia 0.7 0.81% 166.75 2013 [11]
50 Iran 0.7 0.12% 9.08 2014 [12]
51 Luxembourg 0.7 1.256% 1,252.7 2014 [4]
52 Tunisia 0.78 0.68% 72.83 2012 [6]
53 Colombia 1.5 0.23% 31 2014 [6]
54 Vietnam 0.87 0.21% 9.91 2011 [13]
55 Slovakia 1.4 0.886% 250.55 2014 [2]
56 Lithuania 0.76 0.95% 245.36 2013 [11]
57 Bulgaria 0.81 0.65% 112.15 2013 [11]
58 Kazakhstan 0.67 0.17% 39.24 2013 [6]
59 Estonia 0.53 1.5% 399.24 2015 [2]
60 Iceland 0.27 1.891% 831.2 2014 [4]
61 Philippines 0.48 0.11% 5.4 2007 [6]
62 Uruguay 0.15 0.23% 43.40 2012 [6]
63 Serbia 0.7 0.73% 97.86 2013 [11]
64 Peru 0.24 0.1% 7.88 2007 [14]
65 Latvia 0.28 0.6% 136.8 2013 [11]
66 Sudan 0.18 0.23% 4.74 2007 [14]
67 Algeria 0.16 0.07% 4.13 2007 [14]
68 Costa Rica 0.28 0.47% 61.55 2011 [6]
69 Uganda 0.28 0.48% 8.27 2010 [6]
70 Azerbaijan 0.33 0.21% 35.98 2013 [6]
71 Botswana 0.07 0.25% 37.01 2012 [6]
72 Ethiopia 0.79 0.61% 9.08 2013 [6]
73 Cyprus 0.13 0.48% 150.82 2013 [11]
74 Malta 0.11 0.85% 270.78 2013 [11]
75 Montenegro 0.03 0.38% 55.75 2013 [11]
76 United Arab Emirates 4.28 0.70% 470.7 2014 [4]
77 Qatar 1.3 0.47% 698.50 2012 [6]
78 Georgia 0.05 0.16% 14.73 2014 [6]
79 Macedonia 0.12 0.44% 55.99 2013 [6]
80 Moldova 0.06 0.35% 16.44 2013 [6]
81 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.12 0.33% 31.73 2013 [6]
82 Kuwait 0.83 0.30% 214.16 2013 [6]
83 Oman 0.07 0.23% 25.40 2013 [6]
84 Mongolia 0.26 0.17% 73.66 2013 [6]
85 Bahrain 0.06 0.100% 45.2 2014 [4]
86 Macau 0.07 0.09% 122.2 2014 [4]
87 Hong Kong 2.7 0.73% 373.09 2012 [6]
See also[edit]
Science of science policy
Science policy
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://royalsociety.org/uploadedFiles/Royal_Society_Content/Influencing_Policy/Reports/2011-03-28-Knowledge-networks-nations.pdf
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x "Research and development (R&D) - Gross domestic spending on R&D - OECD Data". data.oecd.org. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
Jump up ^ http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/sjjd/201605/t20160531_1362661.html
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2017-02-28.
Jump up ^ 2016 GLOBAL R&D FUNDING FORECAST
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab "Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)". World Bank. Retrieved 2016-02-09.
Jump up ^ Taiwan ranked 9th globally for R&D spending in 2015, The Central News Agency, 2017/07/19
Jump up ^ "Australian Bureau of Statistics - GROSS EXPENDITURE ON R&D (GERD)". www.abs.gov.au. Archived from the original on 2015-10-28. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
Jump up ^ 2012 Global R & D Funding Forecast: R & D Spending Growth Continues While Globalization Accelerates
Jump up ^ http://www.natureasia.com/en/publishing-index/pdf/NPI2012_Global.pdf#page=26
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Eurostat - Gross domestic expenditure on R&D
Jump up ^ http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=13930215000513
Jump up ^ vietnamnet.vn. "How much does Vietnam spend on R&D? - News VietNamNet". english.vietnamnet.vn. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
^ Jump up to: a b c http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001899/189958E.pdf
[hide]
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Economic classification of countries
Developed country
Developing country
Least Developed Countries
World Bank high-income economy
Newly industrialized country
Heavily indebted poor countries
Three-World Model
First World
Second World
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Gross domestic product (GDP)
Nominal
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per capita
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Employee compensation (per hour)
List of countries by median wage
Minimum wages
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Research and development spending
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Number of Internet users
Smartphone penetration
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investment position (NIIP)
Per capita
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First Continental Congress
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the first seating of the United States Congress, see 1st United States Congress.
The First Continental Congress
Thirteen Colonies
First Continental Congress 1774
Type
Type
Unicameral
History
Established
September 5, 1774
Disbanded
October 26, 1774
Preceded by
Stamp Act Congress
Succeeded by
Second Continental Congress
Leadership
President of Congress
Peyton Randolph
Henry Middleton
Secretary
Charles Thomson
Seats
56 from 12 colonies (excluding Georgia)
Meeting place
Carpenters' Hall, Philadelphia
This article is part of a series on the
United States
Continental Congress
Predecessors
Albany Congress 1754
Stamp Act Congress 1765
1st Continental Congress
Declaration and Resolves
Continental Association
Petition to the King
2nd Continental Congress
Olive Branch Petition
Committee of Secret Correspondence
Necessity of Taking Up Arms
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The First Continental Congress was a meeting of delegates from twelve of the Thirteen Colonies who met from September 5 to October 26, 1774, at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, early in the American Revolution. It was called in response to the Intolerable Acts passed by the British Parliament, which the British referred to as the Coercive Acts, with which the British intended to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party.
The Congress met briefly to consider options, including an economic boycott of British trade and drawing up a list of rights and grievances; in the end, they petitioned King George III for redress of those grievances.
The Congress also called for another Continental Congress in the event that their petition was unsuccessful in halting enforcement of the Intolerable Acts. Their appeal to the Crown had no effect, and so the Second Continental Congress was convened the following year to organize the defense of the colonies at the onset of the American Revolutionary War. The delegates also urged each colony to set up and train its own militia.
Contents
[hide]
1 Convention
2 Declaration and Resolves
3 Accomplishments
4 List of delegates
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
Convention
Carpenters' Hall
The Congress met from September 5 to October 26, 1774. Peyton Randolph presided over the proceedings; Henry Middleton took over as President of the Congress from October 22 to 26. Charles Thomson, leader of Philadelphia Committee of Correspondence, was selected to be Secretary of the Continental Congress.[1]
The delegates who attended were not of one mind concerning why they were there. Conservatives such as Joseph Galloway, John Dickinson, John Jay, and Edward Rutledge believed their task to be forging policies to pressure Parliament to rescind its unreasonable acts. Their ultimate goal was to develop a reasonable solution to the difficulties and bring about reconciliation between the Colonies and Great Britain. Others such as Patrick Henry, Roger Sherman, Samuel Adams, and John Adams believed their task to be developing a decisive statement of the rights and liberties of the Colonies. Their ultimate goal was to end what they felt to be the abuses of parliamentary authority, and to retain their rights which had been guaranteed under both Colonial charters and the English constitution.[2]
Roger Sherman denied the legislative authority of Parliament, and Patrick Henry believed that the Congress needed to develop a completely new system of government, independent from Great Britain, for the existing Colonial governments were already dissolved.[3] In contrast to these ideas, Joseph Galloway put forward a "Plan of Union" which suggested that an American legislative body be formed with some authority, whose consent would be required for imperial measures.[3][4]
Declaration and Resolves
In the end, the voices of compromise carried the day. Rather than calling for independence, the First Continental Congress passed and signed the Continental Association in its Declaration and Resolves, which called for a boycott of British goods to take effect in December 1774. It requested that local Committees of Safety enforce the boycott and regulate local prices for goods. These resolutions adopted by the Congress did not endorse any legal power of Parliament to regulate trade, but consented, nonetheless, to the operation of acts for that purpose. Furthermore, they did not repudiate control by the royal prerogative, which was explicitly acknowledged in the Petition to the King a few days later.
Accomplishments
The Congress had two primary accomplishments. The first was a compact among the Colonies to boycott British goods beginning on December 1, 1774.[5] The West Indies were threatened with a boycott unless the islands agreed to non-importation of British goods.[6] Imports from Britain dropped by 97 percent in 1775, compared with the previous year.[5] Committees of observation and inspection were to be formed in each Colony to ensure compliance with the boycott. All of the Colonial Houses of Assembly approved the proceedings of the Congress, with the exception of New York.[7]
If the Intolerable Acts were not repealed, the Colonies would also cease exports to Britain after September 10, 1775.[5] The boycott was successfully implemented, but its potential for altering British colonial policy was cut off by the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War.
The second accomplishment of the Congress was to provide for a Second Continental Congress to meet on May 10, 1775. In addition to the Colonies which had sent delegates to the First Continental Congress, the Congress resolved on October 21, 1774, to send letters of invitation to Quebec, Saint John's Island (now Prince Edward Island), Nova Scotia, Georgia, East Florida, and West Florida.[8] However, letters appear to have been sent only to Quebec (three letters in all). None of these other colonies sent delegates to the opening of the Second Congress, though a delegation from Georgia arrived the following July.[9]
List of delegates
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#
Name
Colony
Notes
1 Folsom, NathanielNathaniel Folsom New Hampshire
2 Sullivan, JohnJohn Sullivan New Hampshire 3rd and 5th Governor of New Hampshire; general in the Continental Army
3 Adams, JohnJohn Adams Massachusetts Lawyer, first Vice-President of the United States and second President
4 Adams, SamuelSamuel Adams Massachusetts cousin of John Adams; sometimes called "Father of the American Revolution"
5 Cushing, ThomasThomas Cushing Massachusetts
6 Paine, Robert TreatRobert Treat Paine Massachusetts
7 Hopkins, StephenStephen Hopkins Rhode Island Authored pamphlet The Rights of the Colonies
8 Ward, SamuelSamuel Ward Rhode Island
9 Deane, SilasSilas Deane Connecticut
10 Dyer, EliphaletEliphalet Dyer Connecticut
11 Sherman, RogerRoger Sherman Connecticut Created the Great Compromise and Three-Fifths Compromise at the Constitutional Convention; Congressman; a member of the Committee of Five who presented the Declaration of Independence
12 Duane, JamesJames Duane New York Appointed by the Committee of Fifty-one of the City and County of New York and authorized by the counties of Albany, Duchess, and Westchester
13 Jay, JohnJohn Jay New York Lawyer; First Chief Justice of the United States; co-author of The Federalist Papers; appointed by the Committee of Fifty-one of the City and County of New York and authorized by the counties of Albany, Duchess, and Westchester
14 Livingston, PhilipPhilip Livingston New York Appointed by the Committee of Fifty-one of the City and County of New York and authorized by the counties of Albany, Duchess, and Westchester
15 Low, IsaacIsaac Low New York Appointed by the Committee of Fifty-one of the City and County of New York and authorized by the counties of Albany, Duchess, and Westchester
16 Boerum, SimonSimon Boerum New York
17 Haring, JohnJohn Haring New York Appointed by the General Meeting of all the Committees of the County of Orange
18 Wisner, HenryHenry Wisner New York Appointed by the General Meeting of all the Committees of the County of Orange
19 Floyd, WilliamWilliam Floyd New York For Suffolk County
20 Alsop, JohnJohn Alsop New York Appointed by the Committee of Fifty-one of the City and County of New York and authorized by the counties of Albany, Duchess, and Westchester
21 Crane, StephenStephen Crane New Jersey
22 De Hart, JohnJohn De Hart New Jersey
23 Kinsey, JamesJames Kinsey New Jersey
24 Livingston, WilliamWilliam Livingston New Jersey
25 Smith, RichardRichard Smith New Jersey
26 Biddle, EdwardEdward Biddle Pennsylvania
27 Dickinson, JohnJohn Dickinson Pennsylvania author of Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania
28 Galloway, JosephJoseph Galloway Pennsylvania Originator of the Galloway Plan of Union
29 Humphreys, CharlesCharles Humphreys Pennsylvania
30 Mifflin, ThomasThomas Mifflin Pennsylvania Later served as the first governor of Pennsylvania; Quartermaster general of the U.S. Army
31 Morton, JohnJohn Morton Pennsylvania
32 Rhoads, SamuelSamuel Rhoads Pennsylvania
33 Ross, GeorgeGeorge Ross Pennsylvania
34 McKean, ThomasThomas McKean Delaware
35 Read, GeorgeGeorge Read Delaware
36 Rodney, CaesarCaesar Rodney Delaware
37 Chase, SamuelSamuel Chase Maryland Later served as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court
38 Goldsborough, RobertRobert Goldsborough Maryland
39 Johnson, ThomasThomas Johnson Maryland
40 Paca, WilliamWilliam Paca Maryland
41 Tilghman, MatthewMatthew Tilghman Maryland
42 Bland, RichardRichard Bland Virginia
43 Harrison, BenjaminBenjamin Harrison Virginia Later served as the fifth governor of Virginia; father of President William Henry Harrison and great-grandfather of President Benjamin Harrison
44 Henry, PatrickPatrick Henry Virginia Creator of the Virginia Stamp Act Resolutions
45 Lee, Richard HenryRichard Henry Lee Virginia
46 Pendleton, EdmundEdmund Pendleton Virginia
47 Randolph, PeytonPeyton Randolph Virginia Served as President of this First Continental Congress
48 Washington, GeorgeGeorge Washington Virginia Future commander of the Continental Army; first President of the United States
49 Caswell, RichardRichard Caswell North Carolina
50 Hewes, JosephJoseph Hewes North Carolina Secretary of Naval Affairs Committee in 1776
51 Hooper, WilliamWilliam Hooper North Carolina
52 Gadsden, ChristopherChristopher Gadsden South Carolina
53 Lynch Jr., ThomasThomas Lynch Jr. South Carolina
54 Middleton, HenryHenry Middleton South Carolina
55 Rutledge, EdwardEdward Rutledge South Carolina
56 Rutledge, JohnJohn Rutledge South Carolina Second Chief Justice; Associate Justice; first Governor of South Carolina
See also
List of delegates to the Continental and Confederation congresses
Papers of the Continental Congress
Timeline of United States revolutionary history (1760–1789)
Notes
Jump up ^ Risjord, Norman K. (2002). Jefferson's America, 1760-1815. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 114.
Jump up ^ McLaughlin, Andrew C. (1936). "A constitutional History of the United States". New York, London: D. Appleton-Century Company. pp. 83–90. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Greene, Evarts Boutell (1922). The Foundations of American Nationality. American Book Company. p. 434.
Jump up ^ Miller, Marion Mills (1913). Great Debates in American Hist: From the Debates in the British Parliament on the Colonial Stamp. Current Literature Pub. Co. p. 91.
^ Jump up to: a b c Kramnick, Isaac (ed); Thomas Paine (1982). Common Sense. Penguin Classics. p. 21. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Ketchum, p. 262.
Jump up ^ Launitz-Schurer p. 144.
Jump up ^ Worthington C. Ford, Library of Congress (United States); et al., eds. (1774 (printed 1901)). Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774-1789. p. 101. Retrieved February 7, 2010. Check date values in: |date= (help)
Jump up ^ Worthington C. Ford; et al. (eds.). Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789. pp. 2:192–193.
References
Bancroft, George. History of the United States of America, from the discovery of the American continent. (1854–78), vol 4-10 online edition
Burnett, Edmund C. (1975) [1941]. The Continental Congress. Greenwood Publishing. ISBN 0-8371-8386-3.
Henderson, H. James (2002) [1974]. Party Politics in the Continental Congress. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 0-8191-6525-5.
Launitz-Schurer, Loyal Whigs and Revolutionaries, The making of the revolution in New York, 1765-1776, 1980, ISBN 0-8147-4994-1
Ketchum, Richard, Divided Loyalties, How the American Revolution came to New York, 2002, ISBN 0-8050-6120-7
Miller, John C. Origins of the American Revolution (1943) online edition
Puls, Mark, Samuel Adams, father of the American Revolution, 2006, ISBN 1-4039-7582-5
Montross, Lynn (1970) [1950]. The Reluctant Rebels; the Story of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789. Barnes & Noble. ISBN 0-389-03973-X.
Primary sources
Peter Force, ed. American Archives, 9 vol 1837-1853, major compilation of documents 1774-1776. online edition
External links
Full text of Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774-1789
Papers of the Continental Congress (Digitized Original Documents)
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value: 제1차 대륙회의 – Korean

value: Primeiro Congresso Continental – Portuguese

value: Первый Континентальный конгресс – Russian

value: First continental congress – Simple English

value: Први Континентални конгрес – Serbian

value: Prvi Kontinentalni kongres – Serbo-Croatian

value: Ensimmäinen mannermaakongressi – Finnish

value: Перший Континентальний конгрес – Ukrainian

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