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Shed a Light
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"Shed a Light"
Single by Robin Schulz and David Guetta featuring Cheat Codes
from the album Uncovered
Released
25 November 2016
Format
Digital download
Recorded
2015
Genre
Progressive house
Length
3:11
Label
Tonspiel (Warner Music Group)
Songwriter(s)
David Guetta
John Ryan
Dennis Bierbrodt
Jürgen Dohr
Guido Kramer
Giorgio Tuinfort
Jacob Kasher
Ammar Malik
Jason Evigan
Robin Schulz
Producer(s)
David Guetta
Dennis Bierbrodt
Jürgen Dohr
Guido Kramer
Robin Schulz
Robin Schulz singles chronology
"Heatwave"
(2016) "Shed a Light"
(2016) "OK"
(2017)
"Heatwave"
(2016) "Shed a Light"
(2016) "OK"
(2017)
David Guetta singles chronology
"Would I Lie to You"
(2016) Would I Lie to You2016 "Shed a Light"
(2016) Shed a Light2016 "Light My Body Up"
(2017) Light My Body Up2017
Cheat Codes singles chronology
"Queen Elizabeth"
(2016) Queen Elizabeth2016 "Shed a Light"
(2016) Shed a Light2016 "No Promises"
(2017) No Promises2017
Music video
"Shed a Light (Official Music)" on YouTube
"Shed a Light" is a song by German DJ and record producer Robin Schulz and French DJ and music producer David Guetta featuring American electronic music DJ trio Cheat Codes. The song was released as a digital download in Germany on 25 November 2016.
Contents
[hide]
1 Music video
2 Track listing
3 Charts
3.1 Weekly charts
3.2 Year-end charts
4 Certifications
5 Release history
6 References
Music video[edit]
The official music video of the song was released on 31 January 2017 through Robin Schulz's YouTube account. It was directed by Mario Clement and produced by Christopher Kane, and features actors Franziska Nylen and Christopher Reinhardt. The music video is about a male and female astronaut couple on a space mission, when the male crashes to a planet in his spaceship. His lover speeds to him in her spaceship, but he becomes surrounded by dark matter and warns her not to come closer. She does not heed his warning and goes to his side, causing both to be consumed by the matter.[1]
Track listing[edit]
Digital download[2]
No.
Title
Length
1. "Shed a Light" (featuring Cheat Codes) 3:11
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (2016–17)
Peak
position
Argentina Anglo (Monitor Latino) [3]
15
Australia (ARIA)[4]
23
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[5]
7
Belgium (Ultratip Flanders)[6]
13
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[7]
26
Czech Republic (Rádio Top 100)[8]
23
Czech Republic (Singles Digitál Top 100)[9]
31
Denmark (Tracklisten)[10]
35
Finland Download (Latauslista)[11]
5
France (SNEP)[12]
44
Germany (Official German Charts)[13]
6
Hungary (Dance Top 40)[14]
22
Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)[15]
4
Hungary (Single Top 40)[16]
22
Ireland (IRMA)[17]
24
Italy (FIMI)[18]
27
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[19]
21
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[20]
20
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[21]
29
Norway (VG-lista)[22]
30
Poland (Polish Airplay Top 100) [23]
8
Portugal (AFP)[24]
37
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[25]
12
Slovakia (Singles Digitál Top 100)[26]
65
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[27]
38
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[28]
36
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[29]
19
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[30]
24
UK Dance (Official Charts Company)[31]
4
US Hot Dance/Electronic Songs (Billboard)[32]
11
US Dance/Mix Show Airplay (Billboard)[33]
32
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (2017)
Position
Australia (ARIA)[34]
100
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[35]
75
Germany (Official German Charts)[36]
80
Italy (FIMI)[37]
97
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[38]
58
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[39]
Platinum 70,000^
Austria (IFPI Austria)[40]
Gold 15,000*
Denmark (IFPI Denmark)[41]
Gold 45,000^
France (SNEP)[42]
Gold 75,000*
Germany (BVMI)[43]
Gold 200,000^
Italy (FIMI)[44]
Platinum 50,000
United Kingdom (BPI)[45]
Silver 200,000
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
sales+streaming figures based on certification alone
Release history[edit]
Region
Date
Format
Label
Germany
25 November 2016[2] Digital download Tonspiel (WMG)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Robin Schulz & David Guetta ft. Cheat Codes - Shed A Light(Official Music Video)". YouTube. 31 January 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b „Shed a Light (feat. Cheat Codes) - Single“ von Robin Schulz & David Guetta auf Apple Music
Jump up ^ "Top 20 Anglo del 13 al 19 de Febrero, 2017" (in Spanish). Monitor Latino. Archived from the original on February 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – Robin Schulz & David Guetta feat. Cheat Codes – Shed a Light". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Robin Schulz & David Guetta feat. Cheat Codes – Shed a Light" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Robin Schulz & David Guetta feat. Cheat Codes – Shed a Light" (in Dutch). Ultratip. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Robin Schulz & David Guetta feat. Cheat Codes – Shed a Light" (in French). Ultratop 50. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "ČNS IFPI" (in Czech). Hitparáda – Radio Top 100 Oficiální. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201732 into search. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "ČNS IFPI" (in Czech). Hitparáda – Digital Top 100 Oficiální. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201607 into search. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Track Top-40 Uge 2, 2017". Hitlisten.NU. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Robin Schulz, David Guetta: Shed a Light (Feat. Cheat Codes)" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Le Top de la semaine : Top Singles Téléchargés - SNEP (Week 48, 2016)" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Robin Schulz & David Guetta feat. Cheat Codes – Shed a Light". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Archívum – Slágerlisták – MAHASZ" (in Hungarian). Dance Top 40 lista. Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Archívum – Slágerlisták – MAHASZ" (in Hungarian). Rádiós Top 40 játszási lista. Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége. Retrieved 3 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "Archívum – Slágerlisták – MAHASZ" (in Hungarian). Single (track) Top 40 lista. Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége. Retrieved 31 March, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – Shed a Light". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Classifica settimanale WK 2" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – week 7, 2017" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40 Retrieved 17 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Robin Schulz & David Guetta feat. Cheat Codes – Shed a Light" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "NZ Top 40 Singles Chart". Recorded Music NZ. 13 February 2017. Retrieved 10 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "VG-lista - Topp 20 Single uke 2, 2017". VG-lista. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Listy bestsellerów, wyróżnienia :: Związek Producentów Audio-Video". Polish Airplay Top 100. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Portuguesecharts.com – Robin Schulz & David Guetta feat. Cheat Codes – Shed a Light". AFP Top 100 Singles. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "SNS IFPI" (in Slovak). Hitparáda – Singles Digital Top 100 Oficiálna. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201649 into search. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Spanishcharts.com – Robin Schulz & David Guetta feat. Cheat Codes – Shed a Light" Canciones Top 50. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sverigetopplistan - Sveriges Officiella Topplista". Sverigetopplistan. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Robin Schulz & David Guetta feat. Cheat Codes – Shed a Light". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Official Dance Singles Chart Top 40". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Robin Schulz Chart History (Hot Dance/Electronic Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Robin Schulz Chart History (Dance Mix/Show Airplay)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "ARIA End of Year Singles 2017". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ö3 Austria Top 40 – Single-Charts 2017". oe3.orf.at. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Single-Jahrescharts". GfK Entertainment (in German). offiziellecharts.de. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Classifiche annuali dei dischi più venduti e dei singoli più scaricati nel 2017" (Click on "Scarica allegato" and open the "Classifica annuale 2017 Singoli digital" file) (in Italian). FIMI. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Schweizer Jahreshitparade 2017 – hitparade.ch". Hung Medien. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2017 Singles". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Austrian single certifications – Robin Schulz & David Guetta feat. Cheat Codes" (in German). IFPI Austria. Retrieved 8 November 2017. Enter Robin Schulz & David Guetta feat. Cheat Codes in the field Interpret. Select single in the field Format. Click Suchen
Jump up ^ "Robin Schulz and David Guetta feat. Cheat Codes "Shed a Light"". IFPI Denmark. 19 September 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "French single certifications – Robin Schulz – Shed a Light" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Robin Schulz & David Guetta feat. Cheat Codes)" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Italian single certifications – Robin Schulz & David Guetta feat. Cheat Codes" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved 13 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "British single certifications – Robin Schulz & David Guetta feat. Cheat Codes". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 26 May 2017. Enter Robin Schulz & David Guetta feat. Cheat Codes in the search field and then press Enter.
[show]
v
t
e
Robin Schulz
Discography
Studio albums
Prayer (2014)
Sugar (2015)
Uncovered (2017)
Singles
Non-album singles
"Rain"
"Feeling"
"To You"
"Stone"
"Same"
Prayer
"Waves" (remix)
"Prayer in C" (remix)
"Willst Du"
"Sun Goes Down"
Sugar
"Headlights"
"Sugar"
"Yellow"
"Show Me Love"
"Heatwave"
Uncovered
"Shed a Light"
"OK"
"I Believe I'm Fine"
Related articles
Mr Probz
Lilly Wood and the Prick
Jasmine Thompson
Francesco Yates
Warner Music Group
[show]
v
t
e
David Guetta singles
Discography
Production discography
Just a Little More Love
"Just a Little More Love"
"Love Don't Let Me Go"
"People Come People Go"
"Give Me Something"
Guetta Blaster
"Money"
"Stay"
"The World Is Mine"
"In Love with Myself"
Pop Life
"Love Is Gone"
"Baby When the Light"
"Delirious"
"Tomorrow Can Wait"
"Everytime We Touch"
One Love
"When Love Takes Over"
"I Gotta Feeling (FMIF Remix)"
"Sexy Bitch"
"I Wanna Go Crazy"
"One Love"
"Memories"
"Gettin' Over You"
One More Love
"Revolver (One Love Remix)"
"Acapella"
"Freak"
"Commander"
"Who's That Chick?"
Nothing but the Beat
"Sweat"
"Where Them Girls At"
"Little Bad Girl"
"Lunar"
"Night of Your Life"
"Repeat"
"Without You"
"Titanium"
"Turn Me On"
"The Alphabeat"
"I Can Only Imagine"
"Crank It Up"
"Sunshine"
Nothing but the Beat 2.0
"Wild One Two"
"She Wolf (Falling to Pieces)"
"Just One Last Time"
"Play Hard"
Lovers on the Sun
"Shot Me Down"
"Bad"
"Blast Off"
"Lovers on the Sun"
Listen
"Dangerous"
"What I Did for Love"
"Hey Mama"
"Sun Goes Down"
"Bang My Head"
"Listen"
Fuck Me I'm Famous series
"Just for One Day (Heroes)"
"Love Don't Let Me Go (Walking Away)"
"GRRRR"
"Louder than Words"
"Ain't a Party"
Other singles
"Nation Rap"
"Up & Away"
"Would I Lie to You"
"Light My Body Up"
"Another Life"
"2U"
"Complicated"
"Dirty Sexy Money"
"So Far Away"
Featured singles
"Wavin' Flag (Celebration Mix)"
"Club Can't Handle Me"
"Pass at Me"
"LaserLight"
"Rest of My Life"
"Right Now"
Produced singles
"Rock That Body"
"Angel"
"Scream"
"The Best One Yet"
"Everything is Wonderful"
"Forever and a Day"
"Something for the DJs"
"Phresh Out the Runway"
Remixed songs
"Love at First Sight"
"The Sound of Violence"
"Bye Bye Superman"
"I've Got a Life"
"Miss Me Blind"
"Flashdance"
"World, Hold On (Children of the Sky)"
"Who's Your Daddy?"
"Save My Soul"
"Wow"
"Boom Boom Pow"
"Flash Back"
"Celebration"
"Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)"
"Rapture"
"Club Rocker"
" Turn the Lights Down"
"Wonderwall"
"Pacha on Acid"
"This Is What It Feels Like"
"Alive"
"Addicted to You"
"Ten Feet Tall"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shed_a_Light&oldid=819304644"
Categories:
2016 songs
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text:
Ranger's Apprentice
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Ranger's Apprentice
The Ruins of Gorlan
The Burning Bridge
The Icebound Land
Oakleaf Bearers
The Sorcerer in the North
The Siege of Macindaw
Erak's Ransom
The Kings of Clonmel
Halt's Peril
The Emperor of Nihon-Ja
The Lost Stories
The Royal Ranger
Author
John Flanagan
Country
Australia
Language
English
Genre
Fantasy, Adventure
Publisher
Random House (AUS & NZ)
Philomel (US & CAN)
Yearling Books (UK)
Beyaz Balina (TUR)
Gottmer Uitgeverij (NL)
Editora Fundamento (BR)
B. Wahlströms Bokförlag (SE)
Published
1 November 2004 – 1 October 2013
Media type
Print (paperback and hardcover)
e-book
No. of books
12
Preceded by
The Tournament at Gorlan (Ranger's Apprentice: The Early Years)
Followed by
Brotherband
Ranger's Apprentice is a series written by Australian author John Flanagan.[1] The first novel in the series, titled The Ruins of Gorlan, was released in Australia on 1 November 2004 by John Flanagan. The books were initially released in Australia and New Zealand, though has since been released in 14 other countries. The series follows the adventures of Will, an orphan who is chosen as an apprentice Ranger, skilled trackers and archers in the service of the King of Araluen. Will strives to keep the Kingdom of Araluen safe from invaders, traitors, and threats. He is joined on his adventures by his mentor Halt and his best friend Horace.
The original series consists of twelve books, with the eleventh book being a collection of short stories and the twelfth being a follow-up novel set 16 years later. A prequel series, Ranger's Apprentice: The Early Years,[2] has released two titles, the first in 2015 and the second in 2016. A spin-off series, Brotherband, which is set in the same universe though with new characters, began being released in 2011. The sixth book in the series came out in June 2016.
The series has sold over three million copies. The series was originally twenty short stories Flanagan wrote for his son to get him interested in reading. Ten years later, Flanagan found the stories again and decided to turn them into a book. BookPeople, a bookstore in Texas, helped promote the book through a five-day camp. The series is well praised by critics.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
1.1 Apprenticeship
1.2 First mission
1.3 The Outsiders
1.4 The Emperor of Nihon-Ja
1.5 The Lost Stories
1.6 The Royal Ranger
2 Main characters
3 Publishing history and origins
3.1 Sales
4 Themes
5 Camp
6 Critical reception
6.1 Awards
7 Film adaptation
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
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Apprenticeship[edit]
Alongside four other characters, Will is a ward of the Castle Redmont. At age 15, the orphans are expected to either become chosen as an apprentice of one of the masters at Redmont Fief or to work in the fields. Will wants to be a knight, but is denied apprenticeship by Sir Rodney and other various Craftsmasters. Instead, Will is selected by Halt to become a ranger. Rangers are the intelligence force and unofficial "spies" of Araluen. They have mastered many skills, particularly camouflage, archery, and knife throwing. After being an apprentice for a few days, Will's teacher, a legendary Ranger named Halt, takes Will to see his new horse. With Tug, Will trains in the skills needed to pass his assessment at the annual Ranger Gathering. However, The Gathering is cut short with rumors of Morgarath's underlings, the Kalkara. Will, Halt's former apprentice Gilan, and Halt pursue the Kalkara, two monstrous creatures with a transfixing gaze, sent on a mission to assassinate Halt. Gilan gives his horse to Will and he travels to Castle Redmont to fetch help. Halt kills one of the Kalkara but is injured in the process. Will then arrives just in time and kills the beast with a flaming arrow.
In the second book, The Burning Bridge, a war is approaching and Will, Gilan, and Horace, Will's friend, are sent to Celtica to ask for reinforcements. However, when they arrive, every town is deserted. Only an Araluen girl named Evanlyn can tell them what has happened. Wargals have kidnapped and slaughtered some of the population and forced the rest to flee. Gilan moves on ahead of Will and Horace to report to the King. Meanwhile, Will, Horace, and Evanlyn encounter Wargals. They follow them to the Fissure, a deep gorge thought to be impassable. The Celtican miners were all captured to complete a bridge across the Fissure, and a tunnel through the cliffs above up to Morgarath's lair. The bridge and tunnel would allow Morgarath's army to assault the King's army straight from behind and crushing it. Will, Horace and Evanlyn who is, in truth, the Crown Princess Cassandra, discover this. Horace tells Gilan what happened and they ride back to the main army. They inform the king and his advisers of Morgarath's plan, and the king dispatches an auxiliary force, led by Halt, to stop a force of Skandians that has come up from the coast to outflank the king's army.
Halt succeeds in destroying the Skandian force and he returns to the king with a plan. Halt's troops dress in the unmistakable horned helmets of the dead Skandians and take their shields, leading Morgarath to believe that the Skandians are ready to outflank the king. This goads Morgarath into ordering his Wargals to charge into the open plain. However, just as the armies are about to collide, the king's army parts in the middle, and Halt's cavalry charge down the open center at the advancing Wargals. The Wargals, who are afraid only of horses, are demolished by Halt's cavalry, and by the king's horsemen who join in the assault. Seeing his army destroyed, Morgarath offers a flag of truce and prepares to challenge Halt to single combat to avenge his own defeat.
Halt nearly accepts Morgarath's challenge, but Horace challenges Morgarath instead. Because he is wildly inexperienced, while Morgarath is an accomplished warrior, Horace is hopelessly outmatched by Morgarath. However, by diving under the hooves of Morgarath's steed, Horace manages to dismount him. Fighting on foot, Horace's sword is broken, but he uses a Ranger tactic, the "double knife defense", which he learned in Celtica watching Will and Gilan practice it, to stop Morgarath's next attack, and he stabs Morgarath through the heart with the knife.
In the third book, The Icebound Land, Will and Cassandra are taken as slaves to Skandia, a frozen, pine forested country north-east across the Constant Sea at Araluen border. Will is forced to work outside in the bitter cold of the Yard. He quickly becomes addicted to warmweed, a drug that gives a person warmth, but also destroys the mind. The Skandian who captured Will and Cassandra, Erak, sets up a plot to rid Will of his addiction and escape with Cassandra. The two succeed in escaping, and take refuge in a small log cabin for winter. While there, Will overcomes his addiction with much help from Cassandra. To rescue Will and Cassandra, Horace and Halt also set off for Skandia by crossing into Gallica and making their way north along the coast. Horace becomes known as 'The Oakleaf Knight' as he defeats many Gallican knights in combat.
In the fourth book, Oakleaf Bearers, while foraging for food, Cassandra is captured by a Temujai warrior. The Temujai are a fierce, nomadic tribe of horse warriors from the east and are masters of the recurve bow. Will tries to rescue her, but fails until Horace and Halt come along. Halt captures one Temujai and realizes the Temujai are back to try and take over the western world again. Twenty years earlier, they almost succeeded until politics and a serving of bad shellfish got in the way. Halt agrees to help Skandia drive off the Temujai since Halt feels if the Temujai defeat the Skandians, they will then attack Teutlandt, Gallica, and at last, Araluen. The Skandians make use of Halt's knowledge of the Temujai tactics, and Will takes charge of a force of archers to use in the upcoming battle against the Temujai.
During the battle, the Skandians surprise the Temujai with their archers, and they use the archers to destroy the Temujai system. The Temujai are forced to withdraw or risk having their previous conquests revolt. The Skandian "Oberjarl" Ragnak, is killed in the battle, and Erak is elected to succeed him. Erak agrees to stop massed attacks against Araluen resulting in the end of constant Skandian raids against the Araluen coast.
Erak's Ransom takes place in between books 4 and 5, a few months before Will receives his Silver Oakleaf. Skandian Oberjarl Erak Starfollower goes on one last raid to Arrida. However, he gets captured for a ransom while he is attempting to raid Al Shabah, a province in Arrida. Because Erak believes that he was betrayed by Toshak, a Skandian, the raiding party goes to Araluen for the ransom money. Princess Cassandra goes to Arrida to negotiate prices with Selethen, the Wakir (leader) of Al Shabah. Will, Gilan, Halt, Horace, and thirty of Erak's men go along for protection. They are also there to deliver the ransom. After the negotiation is over, Selethen reveals that Erak was being held in Mararoc, a fort in the desert, so they travel there. However, Erak is stolen by the Tualaghi, a merciless nomadic tribe of devil worshipers. The rescue party, with the help of the Bedullin tribe, eventually turn the leader of the Tualaghi into a slobbering mess and free Erak. Princess Cassandra reasons that she no longer has to pay the ransom to the Arridi, because the Tualaghi held Erak when the Araluens saw him. Nevertheless, she decides to pay twenty thousand reels of silver each to the Bedullin and the Arridi. At the end of the book, Will is promoted to full Ranger and is awarded a Silver Oakleaf.
First mission[edit]
After receiving his Silver Oakleaf and being given Seacliff fief to take care of, Will takes on his first mission as a full Ranger throughout the books of The Sorcerer in the North and The Siege of Macindaw. A few weeks after arriving in the fief, Will is sent north to Macindaw to investigate claims of sorcery, disguised as a minstrel. The lord of Castle Macindaw, Syron, was struck down. Many believe a sorcerer to be the cause of the illness since Syron's ancestor was also murdered by a sorcerer who some think is Orman, Syron's son; or Malkallam, an old sorcerer who poisoned Syron's ancestor. Alyss, also in disguise, is sent up to help Will, but is captured by the rogue knight Keren, responsible for poisoning Syron and Orman. Will manages to escape with Orman and his assistant Xander, and enlists the help of the sorcerer who is in fact a gifted healer called Malcolm. Horace is also sent up north by Halt to provide back-up.
To rescue the castle, Alyss, Horace and Will devise a plan. They receive the help of the Skandians that Will gave supplies to and use them to assault the castle. Horace explains that to successfully capture a castle, a three-to-one ratio is needed. With only about 25 Skandians and 35 soldiers in the castle this would seem impossible. Will hears a rumour of a Scotti Invasion so he captures General MacHaddish, who tells him the plan. Malcolm sets up some conjurations that draw the attention of the soldiers in the castle to one side, while Will and Horace infiltrate the castle using a strange upside-down cart. Soon the Skandians also enter the castle. Will quickly climbs up to the tower where Alyss is being held. However, Keren hypnotised Alyss into believing Will is the enemy, and orders her to kill him. As she holds a sword above her head to kill him, Will tells Alyss, that he loves her, and the hypnosis is broken. As Keren attacks Will, she throws acid into his face and Keren stumbles backwards and falls out the window (which Alyss had weakened with the same acid) while the Skandians, led by Horace, are able to take control of the castle.
Will returns to his fief with his first mission as a full Ranger a success. At his log cabin he receives a letter from Alyss stating that Will told her in a dream that he loved her, and that Horace has told her that although it seems like a dream, it might not be. At the end of her letter she writes "I love you, Will." Will leaves his log cabin again with Tug, to deliver his own letter to Alyss.
The Outsiders[edit]
In The Kings of Clonmel and Halt's Peril, Will, Halt and Horace are sent to Clonmel to prevent a cult called the Outsiders from taking power. The cult offers to protect a village from bandits that are actually part of the Outsiders in exchange for gold. When the village has been stripped of its possessions, the cult runs off to the next village. In this fashion, they take over five of the six kingdoms of Hibernia. Halt, Will and Horace are sent to Clonmel, the last kingdom, to try to prevent the cult from expanding into Araluen. Halt tries to persuade his twin brother, King Ferris, to use his troops to drive the cult out. In the end, the cult loses power in Clonmel, but the leader, Tennyson, runs away to try to reach the other five sections, which he controls. During the confusion when Tennyson escapes, King Ferris is killed by a Genovesan assassin, and Halt's nephew becomes king. Will, Halt and Horace leave Clonmel to chase the false prophet.
After reaching a smuggler's port and managing to get information on Tennyson's whereabouts, the trio hires a ship to take them to Picta, where a smuggler had taken him. The chase is on as the three pursue him through a drowned forest, and finally, at an encounter with Tennyson's hired assassins, Halt is shot with a poisoned arrow and incapacitated.
Due to Picta's geographical location being near Macindaw, Will does a tiring one-day one-night ride to reach Malcolm, the man that is the best healer in all of Araluen, if not the world. After bringing the healer back, Will learns that Halt was poisoned with a toxin that has another toxin extremely similar to it, and they both have antidotes, but the wrong one will kill him. Will then captures the assassin that fired the arrow, and forces him into telling which type of toxin he used by poisoning the assassin with his own poison, and Malcolm cures Halt. Later that night, the assassin tries to escape, but Will manages to kill him before he does.
The group, on the move again, manage to find that Tennyson is up to his old tricks again and is trying to swindle the money out of more countrymen. Using Halt's similarity to King Ferris, whom Tennyson murdered, they manage to discredit Tennyson in front of the farmers. They proceed to use their reputation as Rangers and drive the men off. Will manages to kill Tennyson by dropping the entire batch of Malcolm's self-made smoke bombs, causing a cave-in that kills Tennyson and his followers in the debris, giving Halt, Horace, and Will a heroes' welcome when they return to Araluen.
The Emperor of Nihon-Ja[edit]
The Emperor of Nihon-Ja begins with Horace and George(from the Ward) in Nihon-Ja, speaking with their Emperor, Shigeru. Meanwhile, Will, Halt, Selethen, and Alyss are watching a Toscan general demonstrate his military tactics while at a treaty signing between the Toscans and the Arridi, both allies of Araluen. During a ride in which the Emperor of Nihon-Ja accompanies Horace and George back to the city in which they could sail back home, they are told by the Emperor's Cousin, Shuikin, that there has been a coup against the Emperor. Furthermore, a Senshi (Skilled Nihon-Jan swordsmen) ambush nearly succeeds in killing the Emperor, but Horace intervenes and decides to help the seemingly ill-fated Emperor find a legendary, impenetrable fortress known as Ran-Koshi while George goes to the nearest city and sends word to the famous Ranger duo. Back in Toscana, the Crown Princess of Araluen, Cassandra, appears and enlists the help of the two Rangers, Alyss, and Selethen to go after Horace, using Gundar Hardstriker's ship (From Books 5 and 6). En route to Ran-Koshi, Horace's party befriends the local woodworkers known as the Kikori. For Halt's party, they encounter a pirate ship but make short work of it. After paying a Kikori village for their hospitality, people from that village catch up and tell the Emperor that a Senshi scouting party destroyed their village. From then on, Kikori of various villages came to join Horace's group on the trek to Ran-Koshi. Halt's group hits Nihon-Ja and they arrive at an inn, making a rendezvous with an ally of the Emperor. Horace, on the other hand, allows Shuikin and a few Senshi delay Arisaka's enormous Senshi party of around five-hundred while they buy more time by crossing a bridge and destroying it. In this encounter, Horace drops his sword into a ravine. Halt's group learns of Horace's whereabouts and Horace's group hits Ran-Koshi – . Horace's group settles in while Halt's group sails around and enters the plot of land nearest to Ran-Koshi. Halt's group is apprehended by a Kikori scouting patrol, but when presented to Horace, he recognises them and gives them a warm welcome. They set up a large wooden wall to stop Arisaka's army, and in the first day, they manage a victory with about two losses. Horace gets a new sword, which was Shuikin's dying present. The girls, (Cassandra and Alyss) set out across an enormous lake in a canoe to recruit a gigantic tribe of warriors allied with the Emperor: the Hassanu. Will, noting how the Kikori work together excellently, copies the Toscan general at the beginning of the book and forms the same fighting position as he does. They launch an attack against the second Senshi scouting party, and in this encounter, Will manages to intercept a flying arrow and Horace kills the enemy in single combat. Alyss and Cassandra manage to make it to the other side of the giant lake and establish contact with the Hassanu, but they find out that they are not willing to cross a forest en route to Ran-Koshi due to a "malevolent spirit." Alyss and Cassandra set out to kill the malevolent spirit. Arisaka's main party arrives near Ran-Koshi, but due to heavy snows, wait for spring to begin their assault. Alyss and the Princess discover that the "spirit" was actually a giant snow tiger, and after a fierce battle, kill it. Spring arrives, and Halt's group attacks Arisaka using their two shield walls. The battle seems evened out until Arisaka's reinforcements arrive. Then, as Will and co. are regrouping, Alyss and Cassandra arrive with the Hassanu. Before a bloody battle can start, the Emperor calls a truce in which they manage to convince everyone, including Arisaka's army, that the Emperor is truly a good man and Arisaka was a power-hungry fool. Arisaka is enraged by this and kills the man nearest to him. Will directly confronts him and kills him with a well-placed throwing knife. On the way back to Araluen, they discuss their nicknames given to them by the Nihon-Jan, with Horace's being Kurokuma (Black Bear/Eating Prowess), Selethen's being Taka (Hawk/Nose or Fighting Capability.), Alyss's being Tsuru (Crane/Obvious), Cassandra's being Kitsune (Fox/Because she's speedy), Halt's being ... Halt, and Will's being Chocho (Butterfly/Because his mind is as nimble as one). On the return trip to Araluen, Horace and Cassandra announce that they are engaged. The book ends with Will making a very, very poor attempt at proposing to Alyss and Alyss marching off in mock indignation.
Note: The Nihon-Jan language is basically Japanese using Romaji. They are also explained in the book.
The Lost Stories[edit]
The Lost Stories consists of 10 different short stories. It contains a foreword set in July 1896 in Redman County (Formerly Castle Redmont) situated in The Republic of Aralan States (Formerly the medieval Kingdom of Araluen) where Professor Giles MacFarlane has set up a digging expedition to uncover any important pieces of history. They had unearthed a granite plaque, carved with the likeness of a tusked boar, signifying that the area was once Castle Redmont. In the third season of digging, they had not found anything as important as that first one. The professor was losing hope until one of the young volunteers named Audrey rushed up to him and informed him of a cabin they had found outside the village limits. They discovered a secret compartment in the floor containing an ancient wood and brass chest. The chest contained The Lost Stories of Araluen, which picked up the stories of the Rangers after their return from Nihon-Ja.
The Royal Ranger[edit]
The Royal Ranger opens to a chilling contrast of the established Will. Years after the other books, he has become bitter and depressed after the loss of Alyss who died saving a girl from a burning inn lit by Jory Ruhl. Because of this, Will becomes obsessed with hunting the man down. Worried about Will's state, his friends attempt to help him. After multiple failed attempts, Halt suggests the bestowing upon Will of an apprentice. He also suggests Princess Madelyn (Maddie) for this role as her parents, Horace and Cassandra, are desperate to keep her under control. She is overwhelmed when she reaches the cabin as she was expecting a holiday of sorts rather than the cruel Ranger training. To enforce the gravity of the situation Will reveals to her that she has been disinherited by her parents until such a time as she can prove herself. As Maddie adjusts to life as a Ranger, she slowly helps to remedy Will's bitterness and soften his heart. It is not long before the pair are set on their first mission, to investigate the suspicious death of Ranger Liam. They soon discover the cause was a group of slavers kidnapping children, led by Jory Ruhl, using the story of the stealer in the night to frighten them into keeping quiet. When they confront the group, Maddie succeeds in freeing the children but Will is captured and condemned to be burnt at the stake. Once the children are safe, Maddie pulls off a daring rescue but is injured in the process. Will then manages to treat her wounds and kill Ruhl. When they return, Maddie is presented with her bronze oakleaf, officiating her apprenticeship. Her mother also offers to reinstate her as princess but, much to the Queen's surprise, she declines, instead wanting to continue her training.
Main characters[edit]
Will- His mother said to have died in childbirth and his father a hero, he grows up as an orphan in Araluen with Alyss, Horace, George and Jenny. After being turned away from battle school by Sir Rodney for his small stature, he becomes apprentice to the Ranger, Halt. Though he is short and slight of build, he is athletic with a natural aptitude for climbing and moving unseen by others. He has curly brown hair that hangs unkempt around his face and deep brown eyes, sometimes mistaken for black. He is inquisitive and bright and well suited for the strategic and sometimes innovative planning needed from any king's ranger.
Alyss- A longtime friend of Will and Horace, she is tall and slender with fair skin, light eyes, and long blonde hair. She has a diplomatic nature and carries herself with poise and grace. She displays sharp wit and cunning throughout the series and, despite her feminine and gentle nature, holds herself well among her sometimes rough and impulsively passionate friends.
Horace- As a child, he had a tendency to pick on Will, being much larger than the other boy and very assertive in nature. He is accepted as an apprentice in battle school and shows an uncanny aptitude with the sword, dubbed "a natural" by Sir Rodney in his first year. As they age, the spats of their youth fade away and Horace and Will become great friends. He is a straightforward young man both in thought and attitude, favoring honor and displaying the strong ethics brought on by battle school training. He has an unparalleled appetite, pointed out on numerous occasions by his friends and much appreciated by Jenny.
Evanlyn/Cassandra- Cassandra, more commonly known as Evanlyn, is a small in comparison to the lanky Alyss with honey-colored hair and large green eyes. She quickly befriends Will and Horace, though tension grows with Alyss as sometimes will with young women in the presence of attractive young men. She is a natural leader, with an authoritative and often stubborn nature. She is dignified and quick-thinking and never one to shy away from an adventure. She is fiercely loyal to her friends and places great stock in trust and the value of her companions.
Halt- The object of many a legend in the Kingdom, Halt prefers to keep to himself. These legends have preceded him and have been exaggerated, as is often so, such that many who meet him are surprised by his short and deceptively unassuming nature. While he is often viewed as standoffish and even dangerous, he enjoys the company of his cheerful and eager apprentice. He is a hermit in nearly every sense of the word, living in a cottage at the edge of the fief, cutting his own dark hair with his knife and never seen out of his mottled green ranger's cloak. His dark beard is flecked grey with age and the stress of many a hard won battle. He is sharp and perceptive, maintaining an air of constant vigilance and seriousness. Though he seems to have a soft spot for his horse, his apprentices, and one special lady.
Gilan- Gilan is not much older than Will, having been Halt's previous apprentice. Gilan was not raised an orphan, but rather is the son of a very well known knight in the kingdom. He was groomed for battle school and trained as a swordsman until his choosing day, where he announced that he wished to become a ranger. Therefore, unlike most rangers, he is an expert swordsman in addition to the bow. He is the master of unseen movement - usually only detectable by Halt. He is very charismatic and known to rib his ranger companions with good-natured humor, even the grim-faced Halt.
Crowley- He is the commandant of the ranger core and bears many of the same characteristics as Halt, likely from their long history of shared experiences. However he does display openly a sense of humor and fondness for his rangers. He is a master strategist, and if you don't believe that just ask him yourself.
Jenny- One of the orphans of Araluen, she is a full-figured, pretty-faced blonde with a bubbly personality and a love for cooking - and the food that comes with. She catches many eyes in the kingdom and her apprenticeship under Master Chubb forms her into a well-respected chef. It also shapes her sense of confidence into an authoritative nature, allowing her to command a room and everyone in it. She also picks up her master's habit of rapping deserving staff on the back of the head with her ladle.
Tug- Tug is Will's horse and certainly a character worthy of mention. As is often the case with rangers, Will spends a majority of his time alone with Tug and so they frequently converse in the way that people will with their animal companions. The shaggy grey horse is little more in appearance than a pony, though ranger horses are of a particular breed with incredible strength, stamina, and intelligence. He is trained to respond to an endless list of commands from his master and the bond between rider and horse is clear in the way that Tug never leaves Will's side, even when he disagrees with his master's risky and sometimes foolish plans.
Publishing history and origins[edit]
John Flanagan stated that he first wrote the series as short stories for his son to get him interested in reading. This continued for about 20 weeks.[3] Ten years later, John Flanagan found the stories again and decided to turn them into the first book, The Ruins of Gorlan. However, he never knew that the one book would be able to turn into so many volumes. In 2010 Flanagan was unsure how many volumes in the series he would release, saying "I haven't set a limit. If I have an idea that will progress the characters, I'll write it. But I don't want to find myself jumping up and down on the same spot, as it were."[4]
The inspiration for the series comes from many sources, including family, friends, and European times. Rangers are based on two groups of people, the Texas Rangers and the US Army Rangers of World War II. Although the US Rangers were based on British Commandos, Flanagan felt it would be better to use Rangers because of the medieval setting of the book.[4] The mythical world of the story is based on England, Europe, and Scandinavia because Flanagan was inspired by "English and European culture and history". Besides this, John Flanagan is also interested in military subjects, which helped him write the battle scenes.[4] Celtica's mining culture is like Wales while Gallica takes its name and language from medieval France in its chivalric age around the year 1300.[5]
Some of the books' characters were based on Flanagan's family and friends. Will was based on Flanagan's son Michael; both are agile, quick and quite short.[6] John Flanagan also made Will small in size because he wanted to show his son that there's an advantage to being small.[3] The exchanges between Halt and Will are taken from conversations between Flanagan and his son as a teenager. Horace was inspired by Michael's best friend Jeremey.[6] In the original story however, Flanagan made Horace a villain at first, but then in the first book, Morgarath became the real villain and Horace was "rehabilitated" as a main character.[7] Skandians were taken from Norse culture and Vikings, which Flanagan found interesting as a child.[7] The gods and deities of the Skandians were taken from Norse mythology and Greek mythology. The god Loka mentioned a few times is based on Loki, the god of deceit.[7] The Vallas, the trio of gods, are based on the Moirai.[7]
Sales[edit]
Rights to sell Ranger's Apprentice have gone to 16 countries including North America (where Oakleaf Bearers is better known as The Battle for Skandia), United Kingdom, France, Germany, The Netherlands, Italy, Denmark and Sweden.[8] In Australia, the seventh book, Erak's Ransom, reached number two on Australian children's charts.[8] The series has been on The New York Times Best Seller list for 77 weeks as of 13 December 2013.[9] By 2010, over 2 million copies had been sold.[10]
Themes[edit]
John Flanagan states in an interview that the main theme is, "the eventual triumph of good over evil." He feels that although it does not always happen in real life, it should.[4] Another theme especially prominent throughout Oakleaf Bearers is "the primacy of personal relationships over loyalties to one's country or duty."[11] This is shown when Erak's friendship helps Will and Evanlyn escape which allows the Araluens and Skandians to drive away the Temujai. Other themes include courage, loyalty, and that a person can do anything if they tried hard enough.[4] One review noted that "themes of loyalty, bravery, endurance and friendship leave young readers in safe hands as they learn to navigate dangerous waters on their own."[5]
Camp[edit]
BookPeople, which also created Camp Half-Blood from Percy Jackson & the Olympians, created a Ranger's Apprentice Corps Training Camp based on the books. A total of 75 kids from the ages of 9–12 were chosen from 1,300 entries.[10] A letter was sent to the kids from the voice of Will, actually written by John Flanagan, which stated they would learn "all the skills I was taught by Halt [Will's Ranger mentor] in the woods around Castle Redmont", including "archery, tracking, and the art of concealment and unseen movement."[10] The 75 campers were divided into 12 fiefdoms where they were taught the skills and at the end, every kid received a T-shirt, a silver oak leaf pin, and a gold-embossed Ranger's Apprentice bookmark. This was the first literary camp that has sold out and has a waiting list besides Camp Half-Blood.[10] There are also plans for another camp in the following summer.
Critical reception[edit]
Ranger's Apprentice has been well received by many reviewers. One part many reviewers praised was the vivid details during battles.[12] Another review also praised the imagery and stated, "vivid imagery and detail make the medieval-like elements believable"[13] A review for The Ruins of Gorlan stated, "filled with rich detail and plenty of edge-of-your-seat thrills" again praising the details.
Another aspect commonly praised is the fact that Will, the main protagonist still asks for the help of others.[12] A review for The Icebound Land stated the same thing writing, "Though talented and intelligent, [Will] makes mistakes and he often needs help from those around him – making him a very realistic and appealing protagonist."[14]
One reviewer from Booklist noted that although in The Burning Bridge the point of view constantly shifted, it is not confusing and also stated, "Will's vivid world will entice fantasy readers who are drawn by the lure of high adventure carried out by believable, down-to-earth heroes."[15] In another review by School Library Journal, the review was on Oakleaf Bearers and praised the book on the high tensions raised and recommended it to people who enjoy action and adventure.[16]
However, not all reviews were completely positive. One reviewer thought that the Wargals sounded and were too alike to Urgals in the Inheritance Cycle. The same reviewer also felt that the story was not very original stating, "from the very beginning, it was a story I'd heard before."[17] At the end the reviewer stated, "The books aren't horrible. They're just nothing new."
In a review for The Ruins of Gorlan, the reviewer stated "the pace is a good balance between character development and action, and the rivalry between Horace and Will is developed in a satisfactory way." It also praised how the writing is very descriptive without being dry or slow.[18]
Awards[edit]
The Ranger's Apprentice has won numerous awards. The series was one of the honour books for the Koala Winners in 2009.[19] The seventh book, Erak's Ransom, was chosen as the Books of the Year for Older Children and the International Success Award.[20] The first and fourth book won the Aurealis Awards while the third book was highly commended[21] Then, the first, second and fifth book each earned the Children's Book Council of Australia Notable Book.[21] The first book was also the Longlisted for the Ottakar's Book Prize for 2006–2007 and the first book also was nominated for the Grand Canyon Reader Award in 2008.[21]
Film adaptation[edit]
As of 7 January 2008, Warner Bros. Pictures has optioned the film rights for The Ruins of Gorlan and is in talks with Oscar-winning filmmaker Paul Haggis to adapt and direct the film.[22] When John Flanagan first heard the news he said:
It's just so overwhelming to see that the Ranger's series is set to head off in yet another exciting direction. When I think how this all started as a series of twenty short stories written for my son Michael, it sets my head spinning to think there's the distinct possibility that it will now be translated into movies and seen by millions of people around the world.[8]
John Flanagan stated in a Facebook Q&A that the funds for the film have been acquired and auditions would be held in the Summer of 2015, in either Ireland or England.[23] Production starts in the fall of 2016.[24]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Chandler, Ben. "John Flanagan – Author Interview". The Australian Literature Review. Retrieved 6 October 2010.
Jump up ^ Ehrlich, Brenna (26 March 2015). "Got 'Insurgent' Withdrawal? John Flanagan's New Series Will Totally Help". MTV News. Viacom. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "We Interview: John Flanagan". Washington Post. 23 July 2006. Retrieved 25 June 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "RangersApprenticeGUIDE" (PDF). Pengin Group. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "Kids Read Review The Burning Bridge". Retrieved 1 July 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "John Flanagan – Penguin Group". Penguin Group. Retrieved 25 June 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Kidsread.com – John Flanagan Interview". Kidsread.com. June 2007. Retrieved 12 July 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Ranger's Apprentice Film Rights Sell". Random House. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
Jump up ^ "Children's Books – List – NYTimes.com". NYTimes.com. 13 December 2013. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Kirch, Claire (24 June 2010). "Bookpeople Launches New Literary Camp". Publishers Weekly. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
Jump up ^ "Oakleaf Bearers Review". Retrieved 27 June 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "Infoplease Reivew". Retrieved 29 June 2010.
Jump up ^ Reutter, Vicki (1 December 2007). "The Icebound Land: The Ranger's Apprentice, Book 3 (unabr.). (Brief article) (Audiobook review) (Children's review)". School Library Journal. Retrieved 21 July 2010.
Jump up ^ Raklovits, Amanda (1 August 2007). "Flanagan, John. The Icebound Land. (The Icebound Land: Ranger's Apprentice Series, vol. 3) (Brief article) (Children's review) (Book review)". School Library Journal. Retrieved 21 July 2010.
Jump up ^ Phelan, Carolyn (15 May 2006). "Flanagan, John. The Burning Bridge. (Book review)". Booklist. Retrieved 21 July 2010.
Jump up ^ Collier, Ginny (1 June 2008). "Flanagan, John. The Battle for Skandia. (Brief article) (Children's review) (Book review)". School Library Journal. Retrieved 21 July 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Spotted Mushroom Review". Retrieved 29 June 2010.
Jump up ^ "Tweens Reading Blogspot Review". Retrieved 1 July 2010.
Jump up ^ "Koala Winners 2009". Retrieved 30 June 2010.
Jump up ^ "Brooks wins Book of the Year". The Sydney Morning Herald. 16 June 2008. Retrieved 30 June 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Ruins of Gorlan on Judyoz". Retrieved 30 June 2010.
Jump up ^ Carly Mayberry (7 January 2008). "Haggis may direct Ranger's Apprentice kids movie". Reuters. Retrieved 27 January 2010.
Jump up ^ "Timeline Photos - Ranger's Apprentice - Facebook". facebook.com.
Jump up ^ "'Ranger's Apprentice' to Be Adapted as Film, Financed by Chinese Firm". nytimes.com.
External links[edit]
Official Australian Ranger's Apprentice website
Author's Ranger's Apprentice website
UK publisher's Ranger's Apprentice website
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Erak's Ransom (2007)
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2000-2009
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Just Disgusting! by Andy Griffiths (2003)
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Let them eat cake
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the phrase. For other uses, see Let them eat cake (disambiguation).
The phrase is commonly misattributed to Marie Antoinette
"Let them eat cake" is the traditional translation of the French phrase "Qu'ils mangent de la brioche", supposedly spoken by "a great princess" upon learning that the peasants had no bread. Since brioche was a luxury bread enriched with butter and eggs, the quote would reflect the princess's disregard for the peasants, or her poor understanding of their situation.
While the phrase is commonly attributed to Queen Marie Antoinette,[1] there is no record of her having said it. It appears in book six of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Confessions, his autobiography (whose first six books were written in 1765, when Marie Antoinette was nine years of age, and published in 1782). The context of Rousseau's account was his desire to have some bread to accompany some wine he had stolen; however, feeling he was too elegantly dressed to go into an ordinary bakery, he recollected the words of a "great princess":[2]
Enfin je me rappelai le pis-aller d’une grande princesse à qui l’on disait que les paysans n’avaient pas de pain, et qui répondit : Qu’ils mangent de la brioche.[2]
Rousseau does not name the "great princess" and he may have invented the anecdote, as Confessions was, on the whole, not a very reliable autobiography.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Attribution
2 Similar phrases
3 References
4 Bibliography
Attribution[edit]
The quotation, as attributed to Marie Antoinette, was claimed to have been uttered during one of the famines that occurred in France during the reign of her husband, Louis XVI. Upon being alerted that the people were suffering due to widespread bread shortages, the Queen is said to have replied, "Then let them eat brioche."[4] Although this anecdote was never cited by opponents of the monarchy at the time of the French Revolution, it did acquire great symbolic importance in subsequent histories when pro-revolutionary historians sought to demonstrate the obliviousness and selfishness of the French upper classes at that time. As one biographer of the Queen notes, it was a particularly useful phrase to cite because "the staple food of the French peasantry and the working class was bread, absorbing 50 percent of their income, as opposed to 5 percent on fuel; the whole topic of bread was therefore the result of obsessional national interest."[5]
Brioche
However, there is no evidence that Queen Marie-Antoinette ever uttered this phrase. It was first attributed to her by Alphonse Karr in Les Guêpes of March, 1843.[6] Other objections to the legend of Marie-Antoinette and the cake/brioche comment centre on arguments concerning the queen's personality, internal evidence from members of the French royal family and the date of the saying's origin. For example, the Queen's English-language biographer, Antonia Fraser, wrote in 2002:
[Let them eat cake] was said 100 years before her by Marie-Thérèse, the wife of Louis XIV. It was a callous and ignorant statement and she, Marie Antoinette, was neither.[7]
The attribution also has little credibility. Fraser cites as justification for the alternative attribution to the wife of Louis XIV the memoirs of Louis XVIII, who was only fourteen when Rousseau's Confessions were written and whose own memoirs were published much later. He does not mention Marie-Antoinette in his account, but states that the saying was an old legend, and that within the family it was always believed that the saying belonged to the Spanish princess who married Louis XIV in the 1660s. Thus, Louis XVIII is as likely as others to have had his recollection affected by the quick spreading and distorting of Rousseau's original remark.
Fraser points out in her biography that Marie-Antoinette was a generous patroness of charity and moved by the plight of the poor when it was brought to her attention, thus making the statement out-of-character for her.[8] This makes it unlikely that Marie-Antoinette ever said this.
A second point is that there were no actual famines during the reign of King Louis XVI and only two incidents of serious bread shortages, which occurred, first, in April–May 1775, a few weeks before the king's coronation (11 June 1775), and again in 1788, the year before the French Revolution. The 1775 shortages led to a series of riots, known as the Flour War, la guerre des farines, a name given at the time of their occurrence, that took place in the northern, eastern and western parts of France. Letters from Marie-Antoinette to her family in Austria at this time reveal an attitude totally different to the Let them eat cake mentality.
It is quite certain that in seeing the people who treat us so well despite their own misfortune, we are more obliged than ever to work hard for their happiness. The King seems to understand this truth.[9]
There is a further problem with the dates surrounding the attribution, in that Marie-Antoinette was not only too young but also outside France when it was written. Although only published in 1782, Rousseau's Confessions were finished in 1769. Marie Antoinette, aged 14, didn't arrive at Versailles from Austria until 1770. She was unknown to him at the time of writing his work so she could not have been the "great princess" mentioned by Rousseau.[10]
When investigating how this phrase came to be attributed to Marie Antoinette, it is important to understand the increasing unpopularity of the Queen in the final years before the outbreak of the French Revolution. During her marriage to Louis XVI, her perceived frivolousness and her very real extravagance were often cited as factors that only worsened France's dire financial straits.[11] Her Austrian birth and sex were also a major factor in a country where xenophobia and chauvinism were beginning to play major parts in national politics.[12] In fact, many anti-monarchists were so convinced (albeit incorrectly) that it was Marie Antoinette who had single-handedly ruined France's finances that they nicknamed her Madame Déficit.[13] In addition, anti-royalist libellistes printed stories and articles that attacked the royal family and their courtiers with exaggerations, fictitious events, and outright lies. Therefore, with such strong sentiments of dissatisfaction and anger towards the King and Queen, it is quite possible that a discontented individual fabricated the scenario and put the words into the mouth of Marie Antoinette.
Another hypothesis is that after the revolution, the phrase was attributed to various princesses of the French royal family, and that the legend stuck on Marie-Antoinette because she was, in effect, the last "great princess" of Versailles. The myth had, for example, been previously attributed to two of Louis XV's daughters: Madame Sophie and Madame Victoire.
In his novel Ange Pitou (1853), Alexandre Dumas attributes the quote to one of Marie-Antoinette's favourites, the Duchess of Polignac.
Similar phrases[edit]
The Book of Jin, a 7th-century chronicle of the Chinese Jin Dynasty, reports that when Emperor Hui (259–307) was told that his people were starving because there was no rice, he said, "Why don't they eat (ground) meat?" (何不食肉糜), as part of showing how incompetent he was.[14][15]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Fraser, Antonia (2002). Marie Antoinette: The Journey. Anchor. pp. xviii, 160. ISBN 978-0385489492. ; Lever, Évelyne; Temerson, Catherine (2000). Marie-Antoinette: The Last Queen of France. St. Martin's Griffin. pp. 63–65. ISBN 978-0312283339. ; Lanser, Susan S. (2003). "Eating Cake: The (Ab)uses of Marie-Antoinette". In Goodman, Dena; Kaiser, Thomas E. Marie Antoinette: Writings on the Body of a Queen. Routledge. pp. 273–290. ISBN 978-0415933957.
^ Jump up to: a b Rousseau (trans. Angela Scholar), Jean-Jacques (2000). Confessions. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 262.
Jump up ^ Johnson, Paul (1990). Intellectuals. New York: Harper & Row. pp. 17–18. ISBN 9780060916572. The 'facts' he so frankly admits often emerge, in the light of modern scholarship, to be inaccurate, distorted or non-existent.
Jump up ^ Fraser, p. 135.
Jump up ^ Lady Antonia Fraser, Marie Antoinette: The Journey, p. 124.
Jump up ^ Campion-Vincent, Véronique & Shojaei Kawan, Christine, "Marie-Antoinette et son célèbre dire : deux scénographies et deux siècles de désordres, trois niveaux de communication et trois modes accusatoires", Annales historiques de la Révolution française, 2002, full text
Jump up ^ "Is That Infamous Marie Antoinette Quote You Know a Myth?".
Jump up ^ Fraser, Marie Antoinette, pp. 284–285
Jump up ^ Lettres De Marie-Antoinette (in French). 1. Nabu Press. 2012. p. 91. ISBN 978-1278509648.
Jump up ^ "Let them eat cake". The Phrase Finder. Retrieved 18 September 2012.
Jump up ^ Fraser, pp. 473–474.
Jump up ^ This historical phenomenon is fully explored in Hunt, Lynn, ed. (1990). Eroticism and the Body Politic. The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0801840272. and Thomas, Chantal (2001). The Wicked Queen: The Origins of the Myth of Marie-Antoinette. Zone Books. ISBN 978-0942299403.
Jump up ^ Fraser, pp. 254–255.
Jump up ^ Book of Jin, Volume 4
Jump up ^ Tian Chi, quoted in Joshua A. Fogel, Peter Gue Zarrow, Imagining the People: Chinese Intellectuals and the Concept of Citizenship, 1890–1920, 1997, ISBN 0765600986, p. 173
Bibliography[edit]
Barker, Nancy N., Let Them Eat Cake: The Mythical Marie Antoinette and the French Revolution, Historian, Summer 1993, 55:4:709.
Campion-Vincent, Véronique and Shojaei Kawan, Christine, Marie-Antoinette et son célèbre dire : deux scénographies et deux siècles de désordres, trois niveaux de communication et trois modes accusatoires, Annales historiques de la Révolution française, 2002, p. 327
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