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Planet of the Apes (1968 film)
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Planet of the Apes
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Franklin J. Schaffner
Produced by
Arthur P. Jacobs
Screenplay by
Michael Wilson
Rod Serling
Based on
Planet of the Apes
by Pierre Boulle
Starring
Charlton Heston
Roddy McDowall
Maurice Evans
Kim Hunter
James Whitmore
James Daly
Linda Harrison
Music by
Jerry Goldsmith
Cinematography
Leon Shamroy
Edited by
Hugh S. Fowler
Production
company
APJAC Productions
Distributed by
20th Century Fox
Release date
February 8, 1968 (1968-02-08) (Capitol Theatre)
April 3, 1968 (1968-04-03) (United States)
Running time
112 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$5.8 million[2]
Box office
$33.4 million (North America)[2]
Planet of the Apes is a 1968 American science fiction film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner. It stars Charlton Heston, Roddy McDowall, Kim Hunter, Maurice Evans, James Whitmore, James Daly and Linda Harrison. The screenplay by Michael Wilson and Rod Serling was loosely based on the 1963 French novel La Planète des Singes by Pierre Boulle. Jerry Goldsmith composed the groundbreaking avant-garde score. It was the first in a series of five films made between 1968 and 1973, all produced by Arthur P. Jacobs and released by 20th Century Fox.[3]
The film tells the story of an astronaut crew who crash-lands on a strange planet in the distant future. Although the planet appears desolate at first, the surviving crew members stumble upon a society in which apes have evolved into creatures with human-like intelligence and speech. The apes have assumed the role of the dominant species and humans are mute creatures wearing animal skins.
The script was originally written by Rod Serling, but underwent many rewrites before filming eventually began.[4] Directors J. Lee Thompson and Blake Edwards were approached, but the film's producer Arthur P. Jacobs, upon the recommendation of Charlton Heston, chose Franklin J. Schaffner to direct the film. Schaffner's changes included an ape society less advanced—and therefore less expensive to depict—than that of the original novel.[3] Filming took place between May 21 and August 10, 1967, in California, Utah and Arizona, with desert sequences shot in and around Lake Powell, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area. The film's final "closed" cost was $5.8 million.
The film was released on February 8, 1968, in the United States and was a commercial success, earning a lifetime domestic gross of $32.6 million.[5] The film was groundbreaking for its prosthetic makeup techniques by artist John Chambers[6] and was well received by critics and audiences, launching a film franchise,[7] including four sequels, as well as a short-lived television show, animated series, comic books, and various merchandising. In particular, Roddy McDowall had a long-running relationship with the Apes series, appearing in four of the original five films (absent, apart from a brief voiceover, from the second film of the series, Beneath the Planet of the Apes, in which he was replaced by David Watson in the role of Cornelius), and also in the television series.
The original series was followed by Tim Burton's remake Planet of the Apes in 2001 and the reboot Rise of the Planet of the Apes in 2011.[8] Also in 2001, Planet of the Apes was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Origins
3.2 Filming
3.3 Taylor's spacecraft
4 Reception
4.1 Critical response
4.2 Accolades
5 Legacy
5.1 Original series sequels
5.2 Television series
5.3 Remake
5.4 Reboot series
5.5 Comics
5.6 In popular culture
6 Gallery
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
Play media
Teaser, Planet of the Apes (1968)
Astronauts Taylor (Charlton Heston), Landon (Robert Gunner) and Dodge (Jeff Burton) are in deep hibernation when their spaceship crashes in a lake on an unknown planet after a long near-light speed voyage, during which they aged 18 months due to time dilation while their fourth crewmate Stewart died and decayed due to a malfunction. The three survivors abandon ship when it immediately starts sinking, Taylor remaining on long enough to see the date is November 25, 3978, approximately two millennia after their departure in 1972. Once ashore, Dodge performs a soil test and pronounces the soil incapable of sustaining life.
After abandoning their raft, the astronauts set off through a desolate wasteland in hopes of finding food and water before their provisions run out. They encounter plant life and go swimming at an oasis at the edge of the desert, ignoring eerie scarecrow-like figures around the edge. While they are swimming, their clothes are stolen. The astronauts pursue the thieves, finding their clothes torn to shreds and their supplies pillaged as the perpetrators, a group of mute primitive humans, raid a cornfield. The primitive humans are then set upon by armed gorillas on horseback who capture some of them while killing the rest, Dodge being killed in the chaos while Landon is rendered unconscious. Talyor is shot in the throat and captured alongside the primitive humans, taken to Ape City where his life is saved after a blood transfusion administered by two chimpanzees: animal psychologist Zira (Kim Hunter) and surgeon Galen (Wright King).
While unable to speak as his throat wound is healing, called "Bright Eyes" by Zira and placed with one of the captive primitive humans he later names "Nova", Taylor observes the enhanced society of talking apes and in a strict caste system: the gorillas being the military police, hunters and workers; the orangutans overseeing the affairs of government, science, and religion; and intellectual chimpanzees being mostly scientists. While their society is a theocracy similar to the beginnings of the human Industrial Era, the apes consider the primitive humans as vermin that are hunted, either killed outright, enslaved, or used in scientific experiments.
Taylor eventually gets Zira's attention, convincing her of his intelligence as she and her fiancé Cornelius (Roddy McDowall), an archaeologist, take an interest in him. But the couple's orangutan superior Dr. Zaius (Maurice Evans) learns of this and arranges for Taylor to be castrated. But Taylor escapes before the castration can occur, passing through a museum during his desperate flight through Ape City where he finds Dodge's stuffed and eyeless corpse on display. When Taylor is recaptured by gorillas, he overcomes his throat injury while roaring: "Take your stinking paws off me, you damn dirty ape!"
A hearing to determine Taylor's origins is convened by the president of the Assembly (James Whitmore), Dr. Zaius, and Maximus (Woodrow Parfrey). Dr. Honorious (James Daly) is the prosecutor. Taylor mentions his two comrades at this time, learning that Landon was subjected to a lobotomy that has rendered him catatonic and unable to speak. After the tribunal, believing Taylor to be of a human tribe from beyond their borders, Zaius privately threatens to castrate and lobotomize Taylor for the truth about where he came from. With help from Zira's socially rebellious nephew Lucius (Lou Wagner), Zira and Cornelius free Taylor and Nova and take them to the Forbidden Zone, a taboo region outside Ape City that has been ruled out of bounds for centuries by Ape Law where Taylor's ship crashed. While Cornelius and Zira are intent to gather proof of an earlier non-simian civilization which the former came upon a year prior to be cleared of heresy, Taylor is more focused on the evolution of the ape world and to prove he is not of that world.
Arriving at the cave, Cornelius is intercepted by Zaius and his soldiers, with Taylor holding them off while threatening to shoot if he has to. Zaius agrees to enter the cave to disprove their theories and to avoid physical harm to Cornelius and Zira. Inside, Cornelius displays the remnants of a technologically advanced human society pre-dating simian history. Taylor identifies artifacts such as dentures, eyeglasses, a heart valve and, to the apes' astonishment, a talking children's doll. More soldiers appear and Lucius is overpowered, but Taylor holds Zaius hostage so he can arrange his escape. But Zaius admits to Taylor that he always knew of the ancient human civilization, revealing that "the Forbidden Zone was once a paradise, your breed made a desert of it... ages ago!" Taylor nonetheless thinks it best to search for answers, despite being warned that he may not like what he finds. Once Taylor and Nova have ridden off, Dr. Zaius has the gorillas lay explosives to seal off the cave and destroy the evidence while charging Zira, Cornelius and Lucius with heresy.
Taylor and Nova, at last free, follow the shoreline and discover the remains of the Statue of Liberty, revealing that this "alien" planet is actually Earth long after a nuclear war. Realizing what Zaius meant earlier, Taylor falls to his knees in despair and anger while condemning humanity for destroying the world.
Cast[edit]
Charlton Heston as George Taylor
Roddy McDowall as Cornelius
Kim Hunter as Zira
Maurice Evans as Dr. Zaius
James Whitmore as President of the Assembly
James Daly as Honorious
Linda Harrison as Nova
Robert Gunner as Landon
Lou Wagner as Lucius
Woodrow Parfrey as Maximus
Jeff Burton as Dodge
Buck Kartalian as Julius
Norman Burton as Hunt Leader
Wright King as Dr. Galen
Paul Lambert as Minister
Production[edit]
Origins[edit]
Producer Arthur P. Jacobs bought the rights for the Pierre Boulle novel before its publication in 1963. Jacobs pitched the production to many studios, but was passed over. After Jacobs made a successful debut as a producer doing 1964's What a Way to Go! (1964) for 20th Century Fox and begun pre-production of another movie for the studio, Doctor Dolittle, he managed to convince Fox vice-president Richard D. Zanuck to greenlight Planet of the Apes.[9]
One script that came close to being made was written by The Twilight Zone creator Rod Serling, though it was finally rejected for a number of reasons. A prime concern was cost, as the technologically advanced ape society portrayed by Serling's script would have involved expensive sets, props, and special effects. The previously blacklisted screenwriter Michael Wilson was brought in to rewrite Serling's script and, as suggested by director Franklin J. Schaffner, the ape society was made more primitive as a way of reducing costs. Serling's stylized twist ending was retained, and became one of the most famous movie endings of all time. The exact location and state of decay of the Statue of Liberty changed over several storyboards. One version depicted the statue buried up to its nose in the middle of a jungle while another depicted the statue in pieces.[9]
To convince the Fox Studio that a Planet of the Apes film could be made, the producers shot a brief test scene from a Rod Serling draft of the script, using early versions of the ape makeup. Charlton Heston appeared as an early version of Taylor (named Thomas, as he was in the Serling-penned drafts), Edward G. Robinson appeared as Zaius, while two then-unknown Fox contract actors, James Brolin and Linda Harrison, played Cornelius and Zira. This test footage is included on several DVD releases of the film, as well as the documentary Behind the Planet of the Apes. Linda Harrison, at the time the girlfriend of studio chief Richard Zanuck, went on to play Nova in the 1968 film and its first sequel, and had a cameo in Tim Burton's Planet of the Apes more than 30 years later, which was also produced by Zanuck. Although Harrison often opined that the producers had always had her in mind for the role of Nova, they had, in fact, considered first Ursula Andress, then Raquel Welch, and Angelique Pettyjohn. When these three women proved unavailable or uninterested, Zanuck gave the part to Harrison. Dr. Zaius was originally to have been played by Robinson, but he backed out due to the heavy makeup and long sessions required to apply it.[10] Robinson later made his final film, Soylent Green (1973), opposite his one-time Ten Commandments (1956) co-star Heston.
Michael Wilson's rewrite kept the basic structure of Serling's screenplay but rewrote all the dialogue and set the script in a more primitive society. According to associate producer Mort Abrahams an additional uncredited writer (his only recollection was that the writer's last name was Kelly) polished the script, rewrote some of the dialogue and included some of the more heavy-handed tongue-in-cheek dialogue ("I never met an ape I didn't like") which wasn't in either Serling or Wilson's drafts. According to Abraham some scenes, such as the one where the judges imitate the "See no evil, speak no evil and hear no evil" monkeys, were improvised on the set by director Franklin J. Schaffner and kept in the final film because of the audience reaction during test screenings prior to release.[11][page needed] During filming John Chambers, who designed prosthetic make up in the film,[6] held training sessions at 20th Century-Fox studios, where he mentored other make-up artists of the film.[12]
Filming[edit]
The astronauts' journey from their downed ship was filmed along the Colorado River in Glen Canyon.
Filming began on May 21, 1967, and ended on August 10, 1967. Most of the early scenes of a desert-like terrain were shot in northern Arizona near the Grand Canyon, the Colorado River, Lake Powell,[11]:61 Glen Canyon[11]:61 and other locations near Page, Arizona[11]:59 Most scenes of the ape village, interiors and exteriors, were filmed on the Fox Ranch[11]:68 in Malibu Creek State Park, northwest of Los Angeles, essentially the backlot of 20th Century Fox. The concluding beach scenes were filmed on a stretch of California seacoast between Malibu and Oxnard with cliffs that towered 130 feet above the shore. Reaching the beach on foot was virtually impossible, so cast, crew, film equipment, and even horses had to be lowered in by helicopter.[11]:79 The home movies of Roddy McDowall (on YouTube) show makeup, the Ape Village set and the beach site/set - a wooden ramp was built around the point from Westward Beach to Pirates Cove for access to the beach set. The remains of the Statue of Liberty were shot in a secluded cove on the far eastern end of Westward Beach, between Zuma Beach and Point Dume in Malibu.[13] As noted in the documentary Behind the Planet of the Apes,[9] the special effect shot of the half-buried statue was achieved by seamlessly blending a matte painting with existing cliffs. The shot looking down at Taylor was done from a 70-foot scaffold, angled over a 1/2-scale papier-mache model of the Statue. The actors in Planet of the Apes were so affected by their roles and wardrobe that, when not shooting, they automatically segregated themselves with the species they were portraying.[14]
Taylor's spacecraft[edit]
The spacecraft onscreen is never actually named in the film. But for the 40th anniversary release of the Blu-ray edition of the film, in the short-film created for the release called A Public Service Announcement from ANSA, the ship is called "Liberty 1".[15] The ship had originally been called "Immigrant One" in an early draft of the script, and then called "Air Force One" in a test set of Topps Collectible cards, and dubbed "Icarus" by a fan; that name gained popularity among Ape fandom.[15][16]
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
Planet of the Apes was well received by critics and is widely regarded as a classic film and one of the best films of 1968, applauded for its imagination and its commentary on a possible world gone upside down.[17][18] As of April 2012, the film held a 90% "Certified Fresh" rating on the review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 50 reviews.[19] In 2008, the film was selected by Empire magazine as one of The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time.[20]
Accolades[edit]
The film won an honorary Academy Award for John Chambers for his outstanding make-up achievement. The film was nominated for Best Costume Design (Morton Haack) and Best Original Score for a Motion Picture (not a Musical) (Jerry Goldsmith).[21] The score is known for its avant-garde compositional techniques, as well as the use of unusual percussion instruments and extended performance techniques, as well as his 12-note music (the violin part using all 12 chromatic notes) to give an eerie, unsettled feel to the planet, mirroring the sense of placelessness.
American Film Institute Lists
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies—Nominated[22]
AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills—#59
AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains:
Colonel George Taylor—Nominated Hero[23]
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:
"Take your stinking paws off me, you damned dirty ape!"—#66
AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores—#18
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)—Nominated[24]
AFI's 10 Top 10—Nominated Science Fiction Film[25]
Legacy[edit]
Main article: Planet of the Apes
Original series sequels[edit]
Writer Rod Serling was brought back to work on an outline for a sequel. Serling's outline was ultimately discarded in favor of a story by associate producer Mort Abrahams and writer Paul Dehn, which became the basis for Beneath the Planet of the Apes.[11][page needed] The original film series had four sequels:
Beneath the Planet of the Apes (1970)
Escape from the Planet of the Apes (1971)
Conquest of the Planet of the Apes (1972)
Battle for the Planet of the Apes (1973)
Television series[edit]
Planet of the Apes (1974)
Return to the Planet of the Apes (animated) (1975)
Remake[edit]
Planet of the Apes (2001): The film was a re-imagining of the original film, directed by Tim Burton.
Reboot series[edit]
Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011): A series reboot, directed by Rupert Wyatt, was released in August 5, 2011 to critical and commercial success. It is the first installment in the new series of films.[8]
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014): The second entry in the Planet of the Apes reboot series, directed by Matt Reeves, was released in July 11, 2014.[26][27]
War for the Planet of the Apes (2017): The third film in the reboot series, directed by Matt Reeves, was released on July 14, 2017.[28][29][30]
Comics[edit]
Comic book adaptations of the films were published by Gold Key (1970) and Marvel Comics (b/w magazine 1974-77,[31] color comic book 1975-76[32]). Malibu Comics reprinted the Marvel adaptations when they had the license in the early 1980s. Dark Horse Comics published an adaptation for the 2001 Tim Burton film. Currently Boom! Studios has the licensing rights to Planet of the Apes. Their stories tell the tale of Ape City and its inhabitants before Taylor arrived. However, in July 2014, it was announced that Boom! Studios and IDW Publishing will do a crossover between Planet of the Apes and Star Trek the original series.
In popular culture[edit]
A parody of the film series titled "The Milking of the Planet That Went Ape" was published in Mad Magazine. It was illustrated by Mort Drucker and written by Arnie Kogen in regular issue #157, March 1973.[33]
Numerous parodies and references have appeared in films and other media, including Spaceballs, The Simpsons, Futurama, Family Guy, South Park, Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back, Mad Men, The Big Bang Theory and the Madagascar films.[citation needed]
The film is also alluded to in literature, most notably in Junot Díaz's Pulitzer-winning novel The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao (2007).[citation needed]
Gallery[edit]
The crash of the astronauts' spacecraft was partially filmed in and around Lake Powell.
Horseshoe Bend on the Colorado River, near Page, Arizona, was a part of the Forbidden Zone, through which Taylor, Zira, and Cornelius fled Ape City.
Malibu Creek State Park, part of which was formerly the 20th Century Fox Movie Ranch, was the location of the astronauts' initial encounter with primitive humans and superior apes, and of Cornelius, Zira and Taylor's escape from Ape City.
The final scene was filmed at Point Dume's Westward Beach on the Malibu coast.
The cliff face of Point Dume is obscured by the matte painting of the Statue of Liberty.
See also[edit]
1960s portal
Film in the United States portal
Speculative fiction portal
Primates portal
List of American films of 1968
Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction, about the film genre, with a list of related films
Survival film, about the film genre, with a list of related films
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Planet of the Apes". British Board of Film Classification. Retrieved December 21, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Planet of the Apes (1968) - Financial Information". The Numbers. Retrieved December 21, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Those Damned Dirty Apes!". www.mediacircus.net. Retrieved June 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ "30 Years Later: Rod Serling's Settling the Debate over Who Wrote What, and When". www.rodserling.com. Retrieved August 4, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Planet of the Apes (1968)". Box Office Mojo. January 1, 1982. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Brian Pendreigh (September 7, 2001). "Obituary:John Chambers: Make-up master responsible for Hollywood's finest space-age creatures". The Guardian. Retrieved February 27, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Planet of the Apes (1968) A Film Review by James Berardinelli". www.reelviews.net. Retrieved August 4, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b Lussier, Germain (April 14, 2011). "RISE OF THE PLANET OF THE APES Set Visit and Video Blog". Collider. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c American Movie Classics (1998). Behind the Planet of the Apes. Planet of the Apes Blu-Ray: 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment.
Jump up ^ Pulver, Andrew (June 24, 2005). "Monkey business". The Guardian. Retrieved May 13, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Russo, Joe; Landsman, Larry; Gross, Edward (2001). Planet of the Apes Revisited: The Behind-The Scenes Story of the Classic Science Fiction Saga (1st ed.). New York: Thomas Dunne Books/St. Martin's Griffin. ISBN 0312252390.
Jump up ^ Tom Weaver (2010). Sci-Fi Swarm and Horror Horde: Interviews with 62 Filmmakers. McFarland. p. 314. ISBN 0786458313.
Jump up ^ "Film locations for Planet of the Apes (1968)". Movie-locations.com. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Apes Trivia". Theforbidden-zone.com. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Handley, Rich (2009). Timeline of the Planet of the Apes: The Definitive Chronology. Hasslein Books. p. 11. ISBN 9780615253923.
Jump up ^ Key, Jim (January 1, 1999). "The Flight of the Icarus". Sci-Fi & Fantasy Models International. Next Millennium Publishing Ltd (38): 14.
Jump up ^ "The Greatest Films of 1968". AMC Filmsite.org. Retrieved May 21, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Best Movies of 1968 by Rank". Films101.com. Retrieved May 21, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Planet of the Apes Movie Reviews, Pictures". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Empire's The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time". Empire Magazine. Retrieved May 21, 2010.
Jump up ^ Wiley, Mason; Bona, Damien (1986). MacColl, Gail, ed. Inside Oscar: The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards. New York: Ballantine Books. p. 768.
Jump up ^ "America's Greatest Movies" (PDF). AFI. 2002. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ "AFI'S 100 Years 100 Heroes & Villains" (PDF). AFI. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ "AFI 100 Years 100 Movies" (PDF). Retrieved August 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ "AFI Ballot" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 17, 2011. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ Lussier, Germain. "Matt Reeves Confirmed to Helm 'Dawn of the Planet of the Apes'". Slashfilm.com.
Jump up ^ "Dawn of the Planet of the Apes Moves Up One Week". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved December 10, 2013.
Jump up ^ McNary, Dave (January 5, 2015). "Channing Tatum's X-Men Spinoff to Hit Theaters in 2016". Variety. Retrieved January 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ Sneider, Jeff (January 5, 2015). "Channing Tatum's 'Gambit' Gets 2016 Release Date, 'Fantastic Four' Sequel Moves Up". Retrieved January 6, 2015.
Jump up ^ "New Planet of the Apes Movie Title Revealed". Collider. Retrieved May 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ Planet of the Apes at the Grand Comics Database
Jump up ^ Adventures on the Planet of the Apes at the Grand Comics Database
Jump up ^ "Doug Gilford's Mad Cover Site - Mad #157". Madcoversite.com. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Planet of the Apes
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Planet of the Apes.
Official website
Planet of the Apes on IMDb
Planet of the Apes at AllMovie
Planet of the Apes at Rotten Tomatoes
Planet of the Apes at Box Office Mojo
Planet of the Apes Script
Planet of the Apes Media Archive An interactive celebration of the Planet of the Apes franchise in sight, sound and motion
Review and analysis of the Apes series
Dale Winogura (Summer 1972). "Special Planet of the Apes Series Issue - Interviews & Set Visit" (PDF). Cinefantastique.
[show]
v
t
e
Planet of the Apes
Films
Original series
Planet of the Apes (1968)
Beneath the Planet of the Apes (1970)
Escape from the Planet of the Apes (1971)
Conquest of the Planet of the Apes (1972)
Battle for the Planet of the Apes (1973)
Remake
Planet of the Apes (2001)
Reboot series
Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011)
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014)
War for the Planet of the Apes (2017)
Television
Planet of the Apes (1974)
Return to the Planet of the Apes (1975)
Behind the Planet of the Apes (1998)
Video games
Planet of the Apes (2001)
Revenge of the Apes (2003)
Planet of the Apes: Last Frontier (2017)
Other
La Planète des singes
Characters
Comics
Star Trek/Planet of the Apes: The Primate Directive
Tarzan on the Planet of the Apes
Planet of the Apes/Green Lantern
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Franklin J. Schaffner
Features
The Stripper (1963)
The Best Man (1964)
The War Lord (1965)
The Double Man (1967)
Planet of the Apes (1968)
Patton (1970)
Nicholas and Alexandra (1971)
Papillon (1973)
Islands in the Stream (1977)
The Boys from Brazil (1978)
Sphinx (1981)
Yes, Giorgio (1982)
Lionheart (1987)
Welcome Home (1989)
TV
Twelve Angry Men (1954)
Seven Against the Wall (1958)
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text:
Felix Baumgartner
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Felix Baumgartner
Baumgartner in April 2013.
Nickname(s)
B.A.S.E. 502 – Fearless Felix
Born
(1969-04-20) 20 April 1969 (age 49)
Salzburg, Austria
Website
felixbaumgartner.com
Felix Baumgartner (German: [ˈfeːlɪks ˈbaʊ̯mˌɡaɐ̯tnɐ]; born 20 April 1969) is an Austrian skydiver, daredevil, and BASE jumper.[1] He is best known for jumping to Earth from a helium balloon in the stratosphere on 14 October 2012. Doing so, he set world records for skydiving an estimated 39 km (24 mi), reaching an estimated top speed of 1,357.64 km/h (843.6 mph), or Mach 1.25.[a][b] He became the first person to break the sound barrier without vehicular power relative to the surface on his descent.[12][13] He broke skydiving records for exit altitude, vertical freefall distance without drogue, and vertical speed without drogue. Though he still holds the two latter records, the first was broken two years later, when on 24 October 2014, Alan Eustace jumped from 135,890 feet – or, 41.42 km (25.74 mi) with a drogue.[14][15][16]
Baumgartner is also renowned for the particularly dangerous nature of the stunts he has performed during his career. Baumgartner spent time in the Austrian military where he practiced parachute jumping, including training to land on small target zones.
Contents
[hide]
1 Biography
1.1 Red Bull Stratos
1.1.1 Test jumps
1.1.2 Main jump
1.1.3 Training for the jump
1.2 Audi Motorsport
2 Personal life
3 Awards and accolades
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References
7 External links
Biography[edit]
Tribute to Baumgartner in Straße der Sieger, Mariahilfer Street, Vienna, Austria
Felix Baumgartner was born first of two boys on 20 April 1969 (his brother is Gerard), in Salzburg, Austria.[17] As a child, he dreamed about flying and skydiving.[18] In 1999, he claimed the world record for the highest parachute jump from a building when he jumped from the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.[19] On 20 July 2003, Baumgartner became the first person to skydive across the English Channel using a specially made carbon fiber wing.[1][20] Alban Geissler, who developed the SKYRAY carbon fiber wing with Christoph Aarns, suggested after Baumgartner's jump that the wing he used was a copy of two prototype SKYRAY wings sold to Red Bull (Baumgartner's sponsor) two years earlier.[21]
Baumgartner also set the world record for the lowest BASE jump ever, when he jumped 29 metres (95 ft) from the hand of the Christ the Redeemer statue in Rio de Janeiro.[22] This jump also stirred controversy among BASE jumpers who pointed out that Baumgartner cited the height of the statue as the height of the jump even though he landed on a slope below the statue's feet, and that other BASE jumpers had previously jumped from the statue but avoided publicity.[23]
He became the first person to BASE jump from the completed Millau Viaduct in France on 27 June 2004[24] and the first person to skydive onto, then BASE jump from, the Turning Torso building in Malmö, Sweden, on 18 August 2006.[25] On 12 December 2007, he became the first person to jump from the 91st floor observation deck of the then-tallest completed building in the world, Taipei 101 in Taipei, Taiwan.[26]
Baumgartner is a sympathiser of far right politics.[27]
Red Bull Stratos[edit]
Main article: Red Bull Stratos
In January 2010, it was reported that Baumgartner was working with a team of scientists and sponsor Red Bull to attempt the highest sky-dive on record.[28]
Test jumps[edit]
On 15 March 2012, Baumgartner completed the first of 2 test jumps from 21,818 metres (71,581 ft). During the jump, he spent approximately 3 minutes and 43 seconds in free fall, reaching speeds of more than 580 km/h (360 mph),[29] before opening his parachute. In total, the jump lasted approximately eight minutes and eight seconds and Baumgartner became the third person to safely parachute from a height of over 21.7 km (13.5 mi).[30][31]
On 25 July 2012, Baumgartner completed the second of two planned test jumps from 29,460 metres (96,640 ft). It took Baumgartner about 90 minutes to reach the target altitude and his free fall was estimated to have lasted three minutes and 48 seconds before his parachutes were deployed.[32]
Main jump[edit]
The launch was originally scheduled for 9 October 2012 but was aborted due to adverse weather conditions. Launch was rescheduled and the mission instead took place on 14 October 2012 when Baumgartner landed in eastern New Mexico after jumping from a then world-record 38,969.3 metres (127,852 feet)[12][33][34] and falling a record distance of 36,402.6 metres (119,431 feet); the altitude record was broken by Alan Eustace in 2014.[35] Baumgartner also set the record for fastest speed of free fall at 1,357.64 km/h (843.6 mph),[2][12][5] making him the first human to break the sound barrier outside a vehicle.[36][37] Baumgartner was in free fall for 4 minutes and 19 seconds, 17 seconds short of mentor Joseph Kittinger's 1960 jump.[36]
Training for the jump[edit]
Baumgartner initially struggled with claustrophobia after spending time in the pressurized suit required for the jump, but overcame it with help from a sports psychologist and other specialists.[38][39][40]
Audi Motorsport[edit]
In 2014, Baumgartner decided to join Audi Motorsport to drive an Audi R8 LMS for the 2014 24 Hours of Nurburgring after racing Volkswagen Polos in 2013. He underwent another intense physical and driver training session to prepare him for the race.[41] He helped the team to a 9th place overall finish.[42]
Personal life[edit]
In October 2012, when Baumgartner was asked in an interview with the Austrian newspaper Kleine Zeitung whether a political career was an option for his future life, he stated that the "example of Arnold Schwarzenegger" showed, that "you can't move anything in a democracy" and that he would opt for a "moderate dictatorship [...] led by experienced personalities coming from the private (sector of the) economy". He finally stated he "didn't want to get involved in politics."[43][44][45]
On 6 November 2012, Baumgartner was convicted of battery and was fined €1500 after slapping the face of a Greek truck driver, following a petty argument between the two men.[46][47]
In January 2016, Baumgartner provoked a stir of critical news coverage in his home country after posting several critical remarks against refugees and recommending the Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán for the Nobel Peace Prize.[48] Later on, Baumgartner endorsed the presidential candidate of the right-wing populist Freedom Party of Austria, Norbert Hofer.[49] On 13 July 2016, Facebook deleted his fan page of 1.5 million fans. Baumgartner subsequently claimed that he must have become "too uncomfortable" for "political elites".[50]
After Austrian authorities refused to grant sports tax breaks to Baumgartner, he moved to Arbon, Switzerland, whereupon his house in Salzburg and his helicopter were seized.[51]
Baumgartner dated Playboy German playmate of the century Gitta Saxx. Later he was engaged to Nicole Öttl, a model and former beauty queen (Miss Lower Austria 2006). They broke up in 2013.[51]
His mother is named Eva, and he has one brother, Gerald Baumgartner.[45][52][c][53][54] Since 2014, he has been in a relationship with Romanian television presenter Mihaela Rădulescu.[55]
Awards and accolades[edit]
In 2012 he won the Bambi award in the category of "Millennium".[56]
In December 2012, Baumgartner was named one of "The Men of the Year 2012" by Top Gear magazine.[57]
He was named Laureus World Action Sportsperson of the Year (12 March 2013).[58]
He received the Mankind Award at The 2013 Spike Guys' Choice Awards.[citation needed]
Flying magazine ranked him number 46 on their 2013 list of the "51 Heroes of Aviation"; he is the youngest living person on the list.[59]
See also[edit]
Biography portal
Alan Eustace — surpassed Baumgartner's record of highest jump on 24 October 2014 from 135,890 feet (41,420 m).[14]
Eugene Andreyev — the former record holder for the longest-distance free fall jump.
Joseph Kittinger — set records for highest balloon ascent and highest parachute jump; adviser and capsule communicator to Baumgartner.
Michel Fournier — who has been working on a 25-mile (40 km) jump for several years.
Nick Piantanida — flew highest balloon flight prior to Baumgartner: 123,500-foot (37,600 m) in 1966.
Project Manhigh — pre-NASA military project that took men in balloons to the middle layers of Earth's stratosphere. Participants set altitude and parachute jump records.
Pyotr Dolgov — died in 1962 carrying out a high-altitude jump.
Charles "Nish" Bruce — In the early 1990s, Kittinger played lead role assisting him to break the highest altitude record.[60] The project was suspended in 1994 following Bruce’s mental health breakdown.
Steve Truglia — English stuntman who was planning a similar jump.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Citation[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]
Jump up ^ The FAI ratified the 3 world records claimed by Austrian parachutist Felix Baumgartner for Maximum Vertical Speed without drogue (#16669) 1,357.6 kilometres per hour (843.6 mph), Exit Altitude (#16670) 38,969.4 metres (127,852 ft), and Vertical Distance of Freefall (#16671) 36,402.6 metres (119,431 ft).[5] 14 October 2012 flight did not break the FAI Absolute Altitude (#2325) record for balloon flight set in 1961 by Malcolm Ross, which requires the balloonist to descend with the balloon.[11]
Jump up ^ Baumgartner's mother's name has also been reported as Ava.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Abrams, Michael (2006). Birdmen, Batmen, and Skyflyers: Wingsuits and the Pioneers Who Flew in Them, Fell in Them, and Perfected Them. New York: Harmony Books. pp. 247–251. ISBN 978-1-4000-5491-6.
^ Jump up to: a b "Baumgartner's Records Ratified by FAI !" Record Archived 15 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, 14 October 2012. Accessed: 18 November 2013.
Jump up ^ "Governing body 'FAI' officially confirms Stratos world records". Red Bull Stratos. Retrieved 10 May 2013. Maximum Vertical Speed (without drogue) 1,357.6 km/h (equivalent to 843.6 mph / Mach 1.25)
Jump up ^ Paur, Jason (15 October 2013). "Red Bull Releases Incredible POV Video of 128,000-Foot Stratos Jump". Wired. Retrieved 15 October 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c The International Air Sports Federation (FAI). "Parachuting World Records". Archived from the original on 29 June 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
Jump up ^ Tierney, John (14 October 2012). "Daredevil Prepares to Jump Nearly 25 Miles". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
Jump up ^ "Official statement on closing of legal case" (Press release). Red Bull Stratos. 30 June 2011. Archived from the original on 27 December 2011.
Jump up ^ Gray, Richard (5 February 2012). "Sky diver to break sound barrier with jump from edge of space". The Daily Telegraph. London.
Jump up ^ Henderson, Barney; Irvine, Chris (9 October 2012). "Skydiver Felix Baumgartner attempts to break sound barrier: latest". Telegraph. London. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
Jump up ^ "Baumgartner's Records Ratified by FAI". The World Air Sports Federation (FAI). 22 February 2013. Archived from the original on 14 March 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
Jump up ^ The International Air Sports Federation (FAI). "Ballooning World Records". Archived from the original on 8 September 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Skydiver fell faster than thought, top speed verified at 844 mph _ or Mach 1.25". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 5 February 2013. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
Jump up ^ Amos, Jonathan (14 October 2012). "Skydiver Felix Baumgartner lands highest ever jump". BBC. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Markoff, John (24 October 2014). "Parachutist's Record-Breaking Fall: 26 Miles, 15 Minutes". New York Times. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Baumgartner's Records Ratified by FAI!". FAI. 22 February 2013. Archived from the original on 14 March 2013. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Alan Eustace, D-7426, Bests High-Altitude World Record". U.S. Parachute Association. 24 October 2014. Archived from the original on 15 May 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Felix Baumgartner". redbull.co.uk. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
Jump up ^ The picture that proves Felix Baumgartner always dreamed of reaching for the skies
Jump up ^ "Archive: 1999". felixbaumgartner.com. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "Birdman Flies Atair Parachutes Across English Channel". Atair Aerospace, Inc. 21 November 2003. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2012. This page gives the date of Baumgartner's jump as 31 July 2003.
Jump up ^ Abrams, p. 251.
Jump up ^ Dittrich, Luke (14 July 2010). "The Man Who Would Fall to Earth". Esquire. p. 4. Archived from the original on 16 October 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2012. he leapt from the outstretched hand of O Cristo Redentor, the ninety-eight-foot-tall statue that looms over Rio de Janeiro... the final product was... a world record — lowest BASE jump ever
Jump up ^ Abrams, p. 249.
Jump up ^ Millau Viaduct
Jump up ^ "Pr-jippo kan sluta med åtal" (in Swedish). 18 August 2006. Archived from the original on 13 December 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
Jump up ^ "Extreme Felix Baumgartner jumping off Taipei 101". YouTube. Retrieved 18 May 2010.
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ Choi, Charles Q (22 January 2010). "'Space diver' to attempt first supersonic freefall". New Scientist. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
Jump up ^ "Baumgartner breaks the Maximum Vertical Speed World Record". The World Air Sports Federation (FAI). 26 July 2012. Archived from the original on 30 December 2012. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
Jump up ^ Dunn, Marcia (15 March 2012). "Skydiver jumps 13.6 miles on path to world's highest jump". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 15 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "Felix Baumgartner's jump from space's edge watched by millions". The Associated Press. 14 October 2012. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
Jump up ^ Dunn, Marcia (25 July 2012). "Skydiver Fearless Felix jumps from 19 miles up". Associated Press. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Record ID 16670, Parachuting – Exit altitude Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, 14 October 2012. Accessed: 15 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "Skydiver fell faster than thought". The Blade. 2 April 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
Jump up ^ "Record ID 16671, Parachuting – Freefall distance Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, 14 October 2012. Accessed: 15 December 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Irvine, Chris (14 October 2012). "Felix Baumgartner: Daredevil in record-breaking free fall attempt: live". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
Jump up ^ Tierney, John (14 October 2012). "Daredevil Jumps, and Lands on His Feet". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
Jump up ^ Tierney, John (14 October 2012). "Daredevil Jumps, and Lands on His Feet". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
Jump up ^ (CNN) Report. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
Jump up ^ NYDaily News:Red Bull Stratos Retrieved 15 October 2012.
Jump up ^ "Felix Baumgartner to race at Nürburgring 24 Hours". redbull.com. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
Jump up ^ "Audi teams aim for third victory at Bathurst". Audi MotorsportInfo. 2 December 2014. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Höfler, Klaus (27 October 2012). "Baumgartner: "Wir würden eine gemäßigte Diktatur brauchen"". Kleine Zeitung. Retrieved 28 October 2012.
Jump up ^ "Daredevil skydiver Felix Baumgartner opts for 'moderate dictatorship'". AFP. 28 October 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Petridis, Alexis (1 November 2012). "Space jumper Felix Baumgartner parachutes into politics". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
Jump up ^ Felix Baumgartner: Ohrfeige ist "angemessene Erziehungsmethode"
Jump up ^ Körperverletzung: Felix Baumgartner schuldig orf.at, German. 6 November 2012
Jump up ^ "Jan Böhmermann will Til Schweiger auf Felix Baumgartner hetzen". Retrieved 27 September 2016.
Jump up ^ "Felix Baumgartner ruft zur Wahl von Hofer auf". krone.at. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
Jump up ^ "Facebook-Seite gelöscht: Felix Baumgartner ortet "politische Eliten" dahinter". Retrieved 27 September 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Sein tiefster Fall". Die Zeit (in German). 14 November 2013.
Jump up ^ Samuel, Henry (15 October 2012). "The picture that proves Felix Baumgartner always dreamed of reaching for the skies". Telegraph. London. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
Jump up ^ Felix Baumgartner biography
Jump up ^ "Papa Baumgartner -". 18 October 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
Jump up ^ Meet Mihaela Radulescu, Felix Baumgartner’s Girlfriend
Jump up ^ Baumgartner: "Millennium" BAMBI Archived 20 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "The Men of the Year 2012", Top Gear (magazine)
Jump up ^ Sturtridge, Tim. "Felix Baumgartner wins Laureus Sports Award". 2013 Red Bull. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "51 Heroes of Aviation". Flying Magazine. Flying Magazine. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
Jump up ^ Tom Read, Freefall (Little Brown, Edition 1, 1998). ISBN 0-316-64303-3.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Felix Baumgartner.
Official website
Space Dive, BBC documentary about Baumgartner (2012), 60 minutes.
Video (03:14) – Felix Jump – Christ Statue – Rio de Janeiro – 9 July 2005.
Video (09:25) – Felix Jump – POV from Stratosphere (127,851 ft) – 14 October 2012.
Felix Baumgartner career summary at DriverDB.com
Records
Preceded by
Joseph Kittinger Highest space dive (38.969 km)
14 October 2012 – 24 October 2014 Succeeded by
Alan Eustace
[show]
v
t
e
Laureus World Sports Award for Action Sportsperson of the Year winners
2000: Shaun Palmer
2001: Mike Horn
2002: Bob Burnquist
2003: Dean Potter
2004: Layne Beachley
2005: Ellen MacArthur
2006: Angelo d'Arrigo
2007: Kelly Slater
2008: Shaun White
2009: Kelly Slater
2010: Stephanie Gilmore
2011: Kelly Slater
2012: Kelly Slater
2013: Felix Baumgartner
2014: Jamie Bestwick
2015: Alan Eustace
2016: Jan Frodeno
2017: Rachel Atherton
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 55197951
LCCN: n2013032248
ISNI: 0000 0003 8592 4589
GND: 128394714
BNF: cb16730468j (data)
NKC: xx0182738
BNE: XX5371861
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Felix_Baumgartner&oldid=838185880"
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