text:
Gothic art
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Western (Royal) Portal at Chartres Cathedral (ca. 1145)-these architectural statues are the earliest Gothic sculptures and were a revolution in style and the model for a generation of sculptors.
Later Gothic depiction of the Adoration of the Magi from Strasbourg Cathedral.
Gothic sculpture, late 15th century, Amiens Cathedral.
Gothic art was a style of medieval art that developed in Northern France out of Romanesque art in the 12th century AD, led by the concurrent development of Gothic architecture. It spread to all of Western Europe, and much of Southern and Central Europe, never quite effacing more classical styles in Italy. In the late 14th century, the sophisticated court style of International Gothic developed, which continued to evolve until the late 15th century. In many areas, especially Germany, Late Gothic art continued well into the 16th century, before being subsumed into Renaissance art. Primary media in the Gothic period included sculpture, panel painting, stained glass, fresco and illuminated manuscripts. The easily recognizable shifts in architecture from Romanesque to Gothic, and Gothic to Renaissance styles, are typically used to define the periods in art in all media, although in many ways figurative art developed at a different pace.
The earliest Gothic art was monumental sculpture, on the walls of Cathedrals and abbeys. Christian art was often typological in nature (see Medieval allegory), showing the stories of the New Testament and the Old Testament side by side. Saints' lives were often depicted. Images of the Virgin Mary changed from the Byzantine iconic form to a more human and affectionate mother, cuddling her infant, swaying from her hip, and showing the refined manners of a well-born aristocratic courtly lady.
Secular art came into its own during this period with the rise of cities, foundation of universities, increase in trade, the establishment of a money-based economy and the creation of a bourgeois class who could afford to patronize the arts and commission works resulting in a proliferation of paintings and illuminated manuscripts. Increased literacy and a growing body of secular vernacular literature encouraged the representation of secular themes in art. With the growth of cities, trade guilds were formed and artists were often required to be members of a painters' guild—as a result, because of better record keeping, more artists are known to us by name in this period than any previous; some artists were even so bold as to sign their names.
Contents
[hide]
1 Origins
2 Etymology
3 Painting
3.1 Frescoes
3.2 Stained glass
3.3 Manuscripts and printmaking
3.4 Altarpiece and panel painting
4 Sculpture
4.1 Monumental sculpture
4.2 Portable sculpture
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
Origins[edit]
14th Century International Gothic Mary Magdalene in St. John Cathedral in Toruń.
Gothic art emerged in Île-de-France, France, in the early 12th century at the Abbey Church of St Denis built by Abbot Suger.[1] The style rapidly spread beyond its origins in architecture to sculpture, both monumental and personal in size, textile art, and painting, which took a variety of forms, including fresco, stained glass, the illuminated manuscript, and panel painting.[2] Monastic orders, especially the Cistercians and the Carthusians, were important builders who disseminated the style and developed distinctive variants of it across Europe. Regional variations of architecture remained important, even when, by the late 14th century, a coherent universal style known as International Gothic had evolved, which continued until the late 15th century, and beyond in many areas.
Although there was far more secular Gothic art than is often thought today, as generally the survival rate of religious art has been better than for secular equivalents, a large proportion of the art produced in the period was religious, whether commissioned by the church or by the laity. Gothic art was often typological in nature, reflecting a belief that the events of the Old Testament pre-figured those of the New, and that this was indeed their main significance. Old and New Testament scenes were shown side by side in works like the Speculum Humanae Salvationis, and the decoration of churches. The Gothic period coincided with a great resurgence in Marian devotion, in which the visual arts played a major part. Images of the Virgin Mary developed from the Byzantine hieratic types, through the Coronation of the Virgin, to more human and initimate types, and cycles of the Life of the Virgin were very popular. Artists like Giotto, Fra Angelico and Pietro Lorenzetti in Italy, and Early Netherlandish painting, brought realism and a more natural humanity to art. Western artists, and their patrons, became much more confident in innovative iconography, and much more originality is seen, although copied formulae were still used by most artists.
Iconography was affected by changes in theology, with depictions of the Assumption of Mary gaining ground on the older Death of the Virgin, and in devotional practices such as the Devotio Moderna, which produced new treatments of Christ in subjects such as the Man of Sorrows, Pensive Christ and Pietà, which emphasized his human suffering and vulnerability, in a parallel movement to that in depictions of the Virgin. Even in Last Judgements Christ was now usually shown exposing his chest to show the wounds of his Passion. Saints were shown more frequently, and altarpieces showed saints relevant to the particular church or donor in attendance on a Crucifixion or enthroned Virgin and Child, or occupying the central space themselves (this usually for works designed for side-chapels). Over the period many ancient iconographical features that originated in New Testament apocrypha were gradually eliminated under clerical pressure, like the midwives at the Nativity, though others were too well-established, and considered harmless.[3]
Etymology[edit]
The word "Gothic" for art was initially used as a synonym for "Barbaric", and was therefore used pejoratively.[4] Its critics saw this type of Medieval art as unrefined and too remote from the aesthetic proportions and shapes of Classical art.[5] Renaissance authors believed that the Sack of Rome by the Gothic tribes in 410 had triggered the demise of the Classical world and all the values they held dear. In the 15th century, various Italian architects and writers complained that the new 'barbarian' styles filtering down from north of the Alps posed a similar threat to the classical revival promoted by the early Renaissance.[6] The "Gothic" qualifier for this art was first used in Raphael's letter to Pope Leo X c. 1518 and was subsequently popularised by the Italian artist and writer Giorgio Vasari,[7] who used it as early as 1530, calling Gothic art a "monstrous and barbarous" "disorder".[8] Raphael claimed that the pointed arches of northern architecture were an echo of the primitive huts the Germanic forest dwellers formed by bending trees together - a myth which would resurface much later in a more positive sense in the writings of the German Romantic movement. "Gothic art" was strongly criticized by French authors such as Boileau, La Bruyère, Rousseau, before becoming a recognized form of art, and the wording becoming fixed.[9] Molière would famously comment on Gothic:
The besotted taste of Gothic monuments,
These odious monsters of ignorant centuries,
Which the torrents of barbary spewed forth.[5]
In its beginning, Gothic art was initially called "French work" (Opus Francigenum), thus attesting the priority of France in the creation of this style.[5]
Painting[edit]
Simone Martini (1285–1344).
French late Gothic frescos.
Painting in a style that can be called Gothic did not appear until about 1200, nearly 50 years after the origins of Gothic architecture and sculpture. The transition from Romanesque to Gothic is very imprecise and not at all a clear break, and Gothic ornamental detailing is often introduced before much change is seen in the style of figures or compositions themselves. Then figures become more animated in pose and facial expression, tend to be smaller in relation to the background of scenes, and are arranged more freely in the pictorial space, where there is room. This transition occurs first in England and France around 1200, in Germany around 1220 and Italy around 1300. Painting during the Gothic period was practiced in four primary media: frescos, panel paintings, manuscript illumination and stained glass.
Frescoes[edit]
Frescoes continued to be used as the main pictorial narrative craft on church walls in southern Europe as a continuation of early Christian and Romanesque traditions. An accident of survival has given Denmark and Sweden the largest groups of surviving church wall paintings in the Biblia pauperum style, usually extending up to recently constructed cross vaults. In both Denmark and Sweden, they were almost all covered with limewash after the Reformation which has preserved them, but some have also remained untouched since their creation. Among the finest examples from Denmark are those of the Elmelunde Master from the Danish island of Møn who decorated the churches of Fanefjord, Keldby and Elmelunde.[10] Albertus Pictor is arguably the most well-known fresco artist from the period working in Sweden. Examples of Swedish churches with well-preserved frescos include Tensta, Gökhem and Anga churches.
Stained glass[edit]
In northern Europe, stained glass was an important and prestigious form of painting until the 15th century, when it became supplanted by panel painting. Gothic architecture greatly increased the amount of glass in large buildings, partly to allow for wide expanses of glass, as in rose windows. In the early part of the period mainly black paint and clear or brightly coloured glass was used, but in the early 14th century the use of compounds of silver, painted on glass which was then fired, allowed a number of variations of colour, centred on yellows, to be used with clear glass in a single piece. By the end of the period designs increasingly used large pieces of glass which were painted, with yellows as the dominant colours, and relatively few smaller pieces of glass in other colours.[11]
Manuscripts and printmaking[edit]
Illuminated manuscripts represent the most complete record of Gothic painting, providing a record of styles in places where no monumental works have otherwise survived. The earliest full manuscripts with French Gothic illustrations date to the middle of the 13th century.[12] Many such illuminated manuscripts were royal bibles, although psalters also included illustrations; the Parisian Psalter of Saint Louis, dating from 1253 to 1270, features 78 full-page illuminations in tempera paint and gold leaf.[13]
Hours of Jeanne d'Evreux, by Jean Pucelle, Paris, 1320s.
During the late 13th century, scribes began to create prayer books for the laity, often known as books of hours due to their use at prescribed times of the day.[13] The earliest known example seems to have written for an unknown laywoman living in a small village near Oxford in about 1240. Nobility frequently purchased such texts, paying handsomely for decorative illustrations; among the most well-known creators of these is Jean Pucelle, whose Hours of Jeanne d'Evreux was commissioned by King Charles IV as a gift for his queen, Jeanne d'Évreux.[14] Elements of the French Gothic present in such works include the use of decorative page framing reminiscent of the architecture of the time with elongated and detailed figures.[13] The use of spatial indicators such as building elements and natural features such as trees and clouds also denote the French Gothic style of illumination.[13]
From the middle of the 14th century, blockbooks with both text and images cut as woodcut seem to have been affordable by parish priests in the Low Countries, where they were most popular. By the end of the century, printed books with illustrations, still mostly on religious subjects, were rapidly becoming accessible to the prosperous middle class, as were engravings of fairly high-quality by printmakers like Israhel van Meckenem and Master E. S.. In the 15th century, the introduction of cheap prints, mostly in woodcut, made it possible even for peasants to have devotional images at home. These images, tiny at the bottom of the market, often crudely coloured, were sold in thousands but are now extremely rare, most having been pasted to walls.
Altarpiece and panel painting[edit]
Painting with oil on canvas did not become popular until the 15th and 16th centuries and was a hallmark of Renaissance art. In Northern Europe the important and innovative school of Early Netherlandish painting is in an essentially Gothic style, but can also be regarded as part of the Northern Renaissance, as there was a long delay before the Italian revival of interest in classicism had a great impact in the north. Painters like Robert Campin and Jan van Eyck, made use of the technique of oil painting to create minutely detailed works, correct in perspective, where apparent realism was combined with richly complex symbolism arising precisely from the realistic detail they could now include, even in small works. In Early Netherlandish painting, from the richest cities of Northern Europe, a new minute realism in oil painting was combined with subtle and complex theological allusions, expressed precisely through the highly detailed settings of religious scenes. The Mérode Altarpiece (1420s) of Robert Campin, and the Washington Van Eyck Annunciation or Madonna of Chancellor Rolin (both 1430s, by Jan van Eyck) are examples.[15] For the wealthy, small panel paintings, even polyptychs in oil painting were becoming increasingly popular, often showing donor portraits alongside, though often much smaller than, the Virgin or saints depicted. These were usually displayed in the home.
Sculpture[edit]
Monumental sculpture[edit]
French ivory Virgin and Child, end of the 13th century, 25 cm high, curving to fit the shape of the ivory tusk.
The Gothic period is essentially defined by Gothic architecture, and does not entirely fit with the development of style in sculpture in either its start or finish. The facades of large churches, especially around doors, continued to have large tympanums, but also rows of sculpted figures spreading around them.
The statues on the Western (Royal) Portal at Chartres Cathedral (c. 1145) show an elegant but exaggerated columnar elongation, but those on the south transept portal, from 1215–20, show a more naturalistic style and increasing detachment from the wall behind, and some awareness of the classical tradition. These trends were continued in the west portal at Rheims Cathedral of a few years later, where the figures are almost in the round, as became usual as Gothic spread across Europe.[16] Bamberg Cathedral has perhaps the largest assemblage of 13th century sculpture, culminating in 1240 with the Bamberg Rider, the first life-size equestrian statue in Western art since the 6th century.
In Italy Nicola Pisano (1258–78) and his son Giovanni developed a style that is often called Proto-Renaissance, with unmistakable influence from Roman sarcophagi and sophisticated and crowded compositions, including a sympathetic handling of nudity, in relief panels on their pulpit of Siena Cathedral (1265–68), the Fontana Maggiore in Perugia, and Giovanni's pulpit in Pistoia of 1301.[17]
Another revival of classical style is seen in the International Gothic work of Claus Sluter and his followers in Burgundy and Flanders around 1400.[18] Late Gothic sculpture continued in the North, with a fashion for very large wooden sculpted altarpieces with increasingly virtuoso carving and large numbers agitated expressive figures; most surviving examples are in Germany, after much iconoclasm elsewhere. Tilman Riemenschneider, Veit Stoss and others continued the style well into the 16th century, gradually absorbing Italian Renaissance influences.[19]
Life-size tomb effigies in stone or alabaster became popular for the wealthy, and grand multi-level tombs evolved, with the Scaliger Tombs of Verona so large they had to be moved outside the church. By the 15th century there was an industry exporting Nottingham alabaster altar reliefs in groups of panels over much of Europe for economical parishes who could not afford stone retables.[20]
South portal of Chartres Cathedral (c. 1215-20).
West portal at Rheims Cathedral, Annunciation group.
Nicola Pisano, Nativity and Adoration of the Magi from the pulpit of the Pisa Baptistery.
Claus Sluter, David and a prophet from the Well of Moses.
Base of the Holy Thorn Reliquary, French (Paris), 1390s, a Resurrection of the Dead in gold, enamel and gems.
Man of Sorrows on the main portal of Ulm Münster by Hans Multscher, 1429.
Panelled altarpiece section with Resurrection of Christ, English Nottingham alabaster, 1450–90, with remains of colour.
Detail of the Last Supper from Tilman Riemenschneider's Altar of the Holy Blood, 1501–05, carved limewood, Rothenburg ob der Tauber, Bavaria.
Portable sculpture[edit]
Lid of the Walters Casket, with the Siege of the Castle of Love at left, and jousting. Paris, 1330-1350.
Image of Cristo de La Laguna (Tenerife, Spain) from Flanders and dated between 1510-1514.
Small carvings, for a mainly lay and often female market, became a considerable industry in Paris and some other centres. Types of ivories included small devotional polyptychs, single figures, especially of the Virgin, mirror-cases, combs, and elaborate caskets with scenes from Romances, used as engagement presents.[21] The very wealthy collected extravagantly elaborate jewelled and enamelled metalwork, both secular and religious, like the Duc de Berry's Holy Thorn Reliquary, until they ran short of money, when they were melted down again for cash.[22]
Gothic sculptures independent of architectural ornament were primarily created as devotional objects for the home or intended as donations for local churches.,[23] although small reliefs in ivory, bone and wood cover both religious and secular subjects, and were for church and domestic use. Such sculptures were the work of urban artisans, and the most typical subject for three dimensional small staues is the Virgin Mary alone or with child.[24] Paris was the main centre of ivory workshops, and exported to most of northern Europe, though Italy also had a considerable production. An exemplar of these independent sculptures is among the collections of the Abbey Church of St Denis; the silver-gilt Virgin and Child dates to 1339 and features Mary enveloped in a flowing cloak holding an infantile Christ figure.[24] Both the simplicity of the cloak and the youth of the child presage other sculptures found in northern Europe dating to the 14th century and early 15th century.[24] Such sculpture shows an evolution from an earlier stiff and elongated style, still partly Romanesque, into a spatial and naturalistic feel in the late 12th and early 13th century.[24] Other French Gothic sculptural subjects included figures and scenes from popular literature of the time.[24] Imagery from the poetry of the troubadours was particularly popular among artisans of mirror-cases and small boxes presumably for use by women.[24] The Casket with Scenes of Romances (Walters 71264) of 1330-50 is an unusually large example with space for a number of scenes from different literary sources.
Souvenirs of pilgrimages to shrines, such as clay or lead badges, medals and ampullae stamped with images were also popular and cheap. Their secular equivalent, the livery badge, were signs of feudal and political loyalty or alliance that came to be regarded as a social menace in England under bastard feudalism. The cheaper forms were sometimes given away free, as with the 13,000 badges ordered in 1483 by King Richard III of England in fustian cloth with his emblem of a white boar for the investiture of his son Edward as Prince of Wales,[25] a huge number given the population at the time. The Dunstable Swan Jewel, modelled fully in the round in enamelled gold, is a far more exclusive version, that would have been given to someone very close or important to the donor.
See also[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gothic art.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gothic painters.
List of Gothic artists
Pleurants
Renaissance of the 12th century
Blackletter (also known as Gothic script)
The Ten Virgins
Danse Macabre
History of Painting
Western painting
Church frescos in Denmark
Church frescos in Sweden
Timeline of Italian artists to 1800
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Stokstad (2005), 516.
Jump up ^ Stokstad (2005), 544.
Jump up ^ Émile Mâle, The Gothic Image, Religious Art in France of the Thirteenth Century, p 165-8, English trans of 3rd edn, 1913, Collins, London (and many other editions) is a classic work on French Gothic church art
Jump up ^ "Gothic art". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2017-06-22.
^ Jump up to: a b c History of Architecture Fiske Kimball, George Harold Edgell p. 275
Jump up ^ E. S. de Beer, Gothic: Origin and Diffusion of the Term; The Idea of Style in Architecture in Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, Vol.11, 1948, pp. 143-62
Jump up ^ Vasari on technique p.135
Jump up ^ The art of the sublime: principles of Christian art and architecture by Roger Homan p. 70 [1]
Jump up ^ History of Architecture Fiske Kimball, George Harold Edgell p.275
Jump up ^ Kirsten Trampedach: Introduction to Danish Wall Paintings - Conservation Ethics and Methods of Treatment. National Museum of Denmark Archived 24 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved 6 September 2009.
Jump up ^ Coe, 8-11
Jump up ^ Stokstad (2005), 540.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Stokstad (2005), 541.
Jump up ^ Stokstad (2005), 542.
Jump up ^ Lane, Barbara G,The Altar and the Altarpiece, Sacramental Themes in Early Netherlandish Painting, Harper & Row, 1984, ISBN 0-06-430133-8 analyses all these works in detail. See also the references in the articles on the works.
Jump up ^ Honour and Fleming, 297–300; Henderson, 55, 82-84
Jump up ^ Olson, 11–24; Honour and Fleming, 304; Henderson, 41
Jump up ^ Snyder, 65-69
Jump up ^ Snyder, 305-311
Jump up ^ V&A Museum feature on the Nottingham alabaster Swansea Altarpiece
Jump up ^ Calkins, 193-198
Jump up ^ Cherry, 25-48; Henderson, 134-141
Jump up ^ Stokstad (2005), 537.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Stokstad (2005), 539.
Jump up ^ Cherry (2003), 204
References[edit]
Calkins, Robert G.; Monuments of Medieval Art, Dutton, 1979, ISBN 0525475613
Cherry, John. The Holy Thorn Reliquary, 2010, British Museum Press (British Museum objects in focus), ISBN 0-7141-2820-1
Cherry, John, in Marks, Richard and Williamson, Paul, eds. Gothic: Art for England 1400-1547, 2003, V&A Publications, London, ISBN 1-85177-401-7
Henderson, George. Gothic, 1967, Penguin, ISBN 0-14-020806-2
Hugh Honour and John Fleming, A World History of Art, 1st edn. 1982 (many later editions), Macmillan, London, page refs to 1984 Macmillan 1st edn. paperback. ISBN 0333371852
Olson, Roberta J.M., Italian Renaissance Sculpture, 1992, Thames & Hudson (World of Art), ISBN 978-0-500-20253-1
Robinson, James, Masterpieces of Medieval Art, 2008, British Museum Press, ISBN 978-0-7141-2815-3
Rudolph, Conrad, ed., A Companion to Medieval Art: Romanesque and Gothic in Northern Europe, 2006, ISBN 978-1405198783
Rudolph,Conrad, "Inventing the Gothic Portal: Suger, Hugh of Saint Victor, and the Construction of a New Public Art at Saint-Denis," Art History 33 (2010) 568-595
Rudolph, Conrad, "Inventing the Exegetical Stained-Glass Window: Suger, Hugh, and a New Elite Art," Art Bulletin 93 (2011) 399-422
Snyder, James. Northern Renaissance Art, 1985, Harry N. Abrams, ISBN 0136235964
External links[edit]
art portal
Gothic Art and Architecture
Gothic art, from ArtCyclopedia.com
Gothic art, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
Gothic art (Archived 2009-10-31), from Microsoft Encarta.
Gothic art, from The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001.
Gothic art, Museumsportal Schleswig-Holstein
Gothic art, from "A World History of Art" and [2].
"Gothic: Art for England 1400–1547". Victoria and Albert Museum. Retrieved 2007-06-08.
The Pietà in French late Gothic sculpture: regional variations, a book from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Gothic art
[show]
v
t
e
Art movements
Medieval
Early Christian
Migration Period
Anglo-Saxon
Visigothic
Pre-Romanesque
Insular
Viking
Byzantine
Merovingian
Carolingian
Ottonian
Romanesque
Norman-Sicilian
Gothic (International Gothic)
Renaissance
Italian Renaissance
Early Netherlandish
German Renaissance
Antwerp Mannerists
Danube school
High Renaissance
Romanism
Mannerism
Fontainebleau
Northern Mannerism
Flemish Baroque
17th century
Baroque
Caravaggisti
Classicism
Dutch Golden Age
18th century
Rococo
Neoclassicism
Romanticism
19th century
Naïve
Nazarene
Realism / Realism
Historicism
Biedermeier
Gründerzeit
Barbizon school
Pre-Raphaelites
Academic
Aestheticism
Decadent
Macchiaioli
Art Nouveau
Peredvizhniki
Impressionism
Post-Impressionism
Neo-impressionism
Divisionism
Pointillism
Cloisonnism
Les Nabis
Synthetism
Kalighat painting
Symbolism
Hudson River School
20th century
Arts and Crafts
Fauvism
Die Brücke
Cubism
Expressionism
Neue Künstlervereinigung München
Futurism
Metaphysical art
Rayonism
Der Blaue Reiter
Orphism
Synchromism
Vorticism
Suprematism
Ashcan
Dada
De Stijl
Purism
Bauhaus
Kinetic art
New Objectivity
Neues Sehen
Surrealism
Neo-Fauvism
Precisionism
Scuola Romana
Art Deco
International Typographic Style
Social realism
Abstract expressionism
Vienna School of Fantastic Realism
Color Field
Lyrical abstraction
Tachisme
COBRA
Action painting
New media art
Letterist International
Pop art
Situationist International
Lettrism
Neo-Dada
Op art
Nouveau réalisme
Art & Language
Conceptual art
Land art
Systems art
Video art
Minimalism
Fluxus
Photorealism
Performance art
Installation art
Endurance art
Outsider art
Neo-expressionism
Lowbrow
Young British Artists
Amazonian pop art
21st century
Art intervention
Hyperrealism
Neo-futurism
Stuckism
Sound art
Superstroke
Superflat
Relational art
Related articles
List of art movements
Feminist art movement (in the US)
Modern art
Modernism
Late modernism
Postmodern art
Avant-garde
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gothic_art&oldid=837584320"
Categories:
Gothic art
Medieval art
Roman Catholic Church art by period
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
Use dmy dates from December 2011
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Afrikaans
Alemannisch
العربية
Aragonés
Asturianu
Azərbaycanca
বাংলা
Беларуская
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
Български
Boarisch
Bosanski
Català
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Gaeilge
Galego
贛語
한국어
Հայերեն
हिन्दी
Hornjoserbsce
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
ಕನ್ನಡ
ქართული
Қазақша
Кыргызча
Latina
Latviešu
Lietuvių
Magyar
Македонски
مصرى
Nederlands
Nedersaksies
日本語
Norsk
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
پنجابی
Patois
Piemontèis
Plattdüütsch
Polski
Português
Ripoarisch
Română
Русский
Seeltersk
Shqip
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
کوردی
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
தமிழ்
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Việt
粵語
中文
65 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 21 April 2018, at 19:13.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

value: mw-page-base noprint

value: mw-head-base noprint

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

tag: img

attr: href class

attr: href title

tag: i

attr: class style

value:
/wiki/Medieval_allegory
mw-redirect
Medieval allegory

value:
/wiki/Mary,_the_mother_of_Jesus
mw-redirect
Mary, the mother of Jesus

value:
/wiki/Painters%27_guild
mw-redirect
Painters' guild

value:
/wiki/Abbey_Church_of_St_Denis
mw-redirect
Abbey Church of St Denis

value:
/wiki/Abbot_Suger
mw-redirect
Abbot Suger

value:
/wiki/Monastic_order
mw-redirect
Monastic order

value: Cathedral architecture of Western Europe

value:
/wiki/Marian_devotion
mw-redirect
Marian devotion

value:
/wiki/Passion_of_Christ
mw-redirect
Passion of Christ

value:
/wiki/Virgin_and_Child
mw-redirect
Virgin and Child

value:
/wiki/Gothic_(disambiguation)
mw-redirect mw-disambig
Gothic (disambiguation)

value:
/wiki/Classical_art
mw-redirect
Classical art

value:
/wiki/Manuscript_illumination
mw-redirect
Manuscript illumination

value:
/wiki/Cross_vault
mw-redirect
Cross vault

value:
/wiki/Reformation_in_Denmark
mw-redirect
Reformation in Denmark

value: Edit section: Manuscripts and printmaking

value:
/wiki/Books_of_hours
mw-redirect
Books of hours

value: Edit section: Altarpiece and panel painting

value:
/wiki/Rheims_Cathedral
mw-redirect
Rheims Cathedral

value:
/wiki/Bamberg_Rider
mw-redirect
Bamberg Rider

value:
/wiki/Pulpit_(Siena_Cathedral)
mw-redirect
Pulpit (Siena Cathedral)

value: Pulpit by Giovanni Pisano in Sant'Andrea, Pistoia

value:
/wiki/Burgundy_(historical_region)
mw-redirect
Burgundy (historical region)

value:
/wiki/David_(biblical_king)
mw-redirect
David (biblical king)

value:
/wiki/Ulm_M%C3%BCnster
mw-redirect
Ulm Münster

value:
/wiki/Resurrection_of_Christ
mw-redirect
Resurrection of Christ

value:
gallery mw-gallery-traditional
max-width: 972px;_width: 972px;

value: Casket with Scenes of Romances (Walters 71264)

value: Virgin and Child from the Sainte-Chapelle

value:
/wiki/Duc_de_Berry
mw-redirect
Duc de Berry

value:
/wiki/Livery_badge
mw-redirect
Livery badge

value:
/wiki/The_Ten_Virgins
mw-redirect
The Ten Virgins

value:
/wiki/History_of_Painting
mw-redirect
History of Painting

value: Template:Timeline of Italian artists to 1800

value:
/wiki/V%26A_Museum
mw-redirect
V&A Museum

value: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

value: James Snyder (art historian) (page does not exist)

value: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

value: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.gothic-architecture.com

value:
/wiki/Microsoft_Encarta
mw-redirect
Microsoft Encarta

value:
/wiki/The_Columbia_Encyclopedia
mw-redirect
The Columbia Encyclopedia

value:
col
navbox-title
2
background:#EAE0C8; color:black;

value: Feminist art movement in the United States

value: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

value: Category:Roman Catholic Church art by period

value: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

value: Category:Use dmy dates from December 2011

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value:
/wiki/Gothic_art
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

value: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

value: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

value: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

value: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

value: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

value: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

value: Permanent link to this revision of the page

value: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

value: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-af
display: none;

value:
https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotik
Gotik – Alemannisch
als
als
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-als
display: none;

value: فن قوطي – Arabic

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-an
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ast
display: none;

value:
https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qotik
Qotik – Azerbaijani
az
az
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

value: গথিক শিল্প – Bangla

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bn
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be
display: none;

value: Готыка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

value:
https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotik
Gotik – Bavarian
bar
bar
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bar
display: none;

value:
https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotika
Gotika – Bosnian
bs
bs
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bs
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

value:
https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotika
Gotika – Czech
cs
cs
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

value:
https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotik
Gotik – Danish
da
da
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

value:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotik
Gotik – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

value: Γοτθική τέχνη – Greek

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

value: هنر گوتیک – Persian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ga
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gan
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

value: गोथिक कला – Hindi

value:
https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotika
Gotika – Upper Sorbian
hsb
hsb
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb
display: none;

value:
https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotika
Gotika – Croatian
hr
hr
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

value:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotico
Gotico – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

value: אמנות גותית – Hebrew

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

value: ಗಾತಿಕ್ ಕಲೆ – Kannada

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kn
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ka
display: none;

value: Готика – Kazakh

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kk
display: none;

value: Готика – Kyrgyz

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ky
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-la
display: none;

value:
https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotika
Gotika – Latvian
lv
lv
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lv
display: none;

value:
https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotika
Gotika – Lithuanian
lt
lt
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

value: Готска уметност – Macedonian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mk
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-arz
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

value: ਗੋਥਿਕ ਕਲਾ – Punjabi

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pa
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-jam
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pms
display: none;

value:
https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotik
Gotik – Low German
nds
nds
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nds
display: none;

value:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotyk
Gotyk – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

value:
https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jotik
Jotik – Colognian
ksh
ksh
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh
display: none;

value:
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotic
Gotic – Romanian
ro
ro
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

value: Готика – Russian

value:
https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotik
Gotik – Saterland Frisian
stq
stq
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-stq
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sq
display: none;

value:
https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotika
Gotika – Slovak
sk
sk
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sk
display: none;

value:
https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotika
Gotika – Slovenian
sl
sl
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb
display: none;

value: Готика – Serbian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

value:
https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotika
Gotika – Serbo-Croatian
sh
sh
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

value:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotik
Gotik – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

value: கோதிக் கலை – Tamil

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta
display: none;

value: ศิลปะกอทิก – Thai

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue
display: none;

value: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

value: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

value: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

value:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Gothic_art rootpage-Gothic_art skin-vector action-view