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Wisden Leading Cricketer in the World
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Don Bradman has won the award the most times, being named as the notional winner ten times between 1930 and 1948.
The Wisden Leading Cricketer in the World is an annual cricket award selected by Wisden Cricketers' Almanack. It was established in 2004, to select the best cricketer based upon their performances anywhere in the world in the previous calendar year.[1] A notional list of previous winners, spanning from 1900 to 2002, was published in the 2007 edition of Wisden.[2]
Since 1889, Wisden has published a list of Cricketers of the Year, typically selecting five cricketers that had the greatest impact during the previous English cricket season. However, in the 2000 edition, the editor Matthew Engel recognised that the best players in the world were typically no longer playing English domestic cricket, and opted to select the Cricketers of the Year based on their performances anywhere in the world.[3] This criterion was applied for the following three years, but in 2004 it reverted to being based on the English season, and a Leading Cricketer in the World was also selected.[1] The recipient of the award is selected by the editor of Wisden, with advice from cricket experts.[4] An Australian, Ricky Ponting was chosen as the first winner of the award, for scoring 1,503 runs in international cricket, including eleven centuries during 2003.[5]
In the 2007 edition of Wisden, a list of winners for previous years was published. A sixteen-person panel helped to select the winners, which Engel described as the cricketer that "would have been the first name down in the World XI to play Mars".[2] It was decided that the first year that would be listed was 1900, as prior to that Engel claimed international cricket was too "inchoate and haphazard to make comparison sensible".[2] No awards were made for the periods of the World Wars, leaving a list of 93 winners. During this selection, Don Bradman was listed the most, winning on ten occasions, while Garfield Sobers was the leading cricketer eight times. Engel noted that despite attempts to the contrary, the award maintains cricket's bias towards batsmen.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 List of award winners
1.1 Actual winners
1.2 Notional winners
2 Multiple winners
3 Winners by country
4 See also
5 References
List of award winners[edit]
Actual winners[edit]
Kumar Sangakkara was twice recognised by Wisden in 2012, being named a Cricketer of the Year and Leading Cricketer in the World.
Note that each year's Leading Cricketer of the World is announced in the following year's Wisden, so the 2003 winner was announced in 2004, and so on.
Year
Player[6]
Country
2003
Ponting, RickyRicky Ponting
Australia
2004
Warne, ShaneShane Warne
Australia
2005
Flintoff, AndrewAndrew Flintoff
England
2006
Muralitharan, MuttiahMuttiah Muralitharan
Sri Lanka
2007
Kallis, JacquesJacques Kallis
South Africa
2008
Sehwag, VirenderVirender Sehwag
India
2009
Sehwag, VirenderVirender Sehwag
India
2010
Tendulkar, SachinSachin Tendulkar
India
2011
Sangakkara, KumarKumar Sangakkara
Sri Lanka
2012
Clarke, MichaelMichael Clarke
Australia
2013
Steyn, DaleDale Steyn
South Africa
2014
Sangakkara, KumarKumar Sangakkara
Sri Lanka
2015
Williamson, KaneKane Williamson
New Zealand
2016
Kohli, ViratVirat Kohli
India
2017
Kohli, ViratVirat Kohli
India
Notional winners[edit]
Ranjitsinhji was the first historical winner, being recognised for 1900.
Jack Hobbs is one of only five players to have won the award more than twice.
Harold Larwood was the only non-Australian cricketer to be recognised in the 1930s.
Keith Miller reading Wisden Cricketers' Almanack in 1951, his selection year
Garfield Sobers (pictured here in 2012) was the winner eight times between 1958 and 1970.
Viv Richards was recognised in 1976, 1978 and 1980
Imran Khan was the first Pakistani cricketer to be recognised, for 1982.
Year
Player[6]
Country
1900
Ranjitsinhji, K. S.K. S. Ranjitsinhji
England
1901
Fry, C. B.C. B. Fry
England
1902
Trumper, VictorVictor Trumper
Australia
1903
Fry, C. B.C. B. Fry
England
1904
Bosanquet, BernardBernard Bosanquet
England
1905
Jackson, StanleyStanley Jackson
England
1906
Hirst, GeorgeGeorge Hirst
England
1907
Vogler, BertBert Vogler
South Africa
1908
Noble, MontyMonty Noble
Australia
1909
Rhodes, WilfredWilfred Rhodes
England
1910
Faulkner, AubreyAubrey Faulkner
South Africa
1911
Trumper, VictorVictor Trumper
Australia
1912
Barnes, SydneySydney Barnes
England
1913
Barnes, SydneySydney Barnes
England
1914
Hobbs, JackJack Hobbs
England
1915–18 z !Not awarded due to World War I
1919
Gregory, JackJack Gregory
Australia
1920
Collins, HerbieHerbie Collins
Australia
1921
Macartney, CharlieCharlie Macartney
Australia
1922
Hobbs, JackJack Hobbs
England
1923
Hendren, PatsyPatsy Hendren
England
1924
Tate, MauriceMaurice Tate
England
1925
Hobbs, JackJack Hobbs
England
1926
Macartney, CharlieCharlie Macartney
Australia
1927
Ponsford, BillBill Ponsford
Australia
1928
Freeman, TichTich Freeman
England
1929
Hammond, WallyWally Hammond
England
1930
Bradman, DonDon Bradman
Australia
1931
Bradman, DonDon Bradman
Australia
1932
Bradman, DonDon Bradman
Australia
1933
Larwood, HaroldHarold Larwood
England
1934
Bradman, DonDon Bradman
Australia
1935
McCabe, StanStan McCabe
Australia
1936
Bradman, DonDon Bradman
Australia
1937
Bradman, DonDon Bradman
Australia
1938
Bradman, DonDon Bradman
Australia
1939
Bradman, DonDon Bradman
Australia
1940–45 z !Not awarded due to World War II
1946
Bradman, DonDon Bradman
Australia
1947
Compton, DenisDenis Compton
England
1948
Bradman, DonDon Bradman
Australia
1949
Hutton, LenLen Hutton
England
1950
Worrell, FrankFrank Worrell
West Indies
1951
Miller, KeithKeith Miller
Australia
1952
Hutton, LenLen Hutton
England
1953
Bedser, AlecAlec Bedser
England
1954
Walcott, ClydeClyde Walcott
West Indies
1955
Tyson, FrankFrank Tyson
England
1956
Laker, JimJim Laker
England
1957
May, PeterPeter May
England
1958
Sobers, GarfieldGarfield Sobers
West Indies
1959
Benaud, RichieRichie Benaud
Australia
1960
Sobers, GarfieldGarfield Sobers
West Indies
1961
Davidson, AlanAlan Davidson
Australia
1962
Sobers, GarfieldGarfield Sobers
West Indies
1963
Trueman, FredFred Trueman
England
1964
Sobers, GarfieldGarfield Sobers
West Indies
1965
Sobers, GarfieldGarfield Sobers
West Indies
1966
Sobers, GarfieldGarfield Sobers
West Indies
1967
Pollock, GraemeGraeme Pollock
South Africa
1968
Sobers, GarfieldGarfield Sobers
West Indies
1969
Pollock, GraemeGraeme Pollock
South Africa
1970
Sobers, GarfieldGarfield Sobers
West Indies
1971
Procter, MikeMike Procter
South Africa
1972
Lillee, DennisDennis Lillee
Australia
1973
Richards, BarryBarry Richards
South Africa
1974
Thomson, JeffJeff Thomson
Australia
1975
Lloyd, CliveClive Lloyd
West Indies
1976
Richards, VivViv Richards
West Indies
1977
Lillee, DennisDennis Lillee
Australia
1978
Richards, VivViv Richards
West Indies
1979
Chappell, GregGreg Chappell
Australia
1980
Richards, VivViv Richards
West Indies
1981
Botham, IanIan Botham
England
1982
Khan, ImranImran Khan
Pakistan
1983
Dev, KapilKapil Dev
India
1984
Garner, JoelJoel Garner
West Indies
1985
Hadlee, RichardRichard Hadlee
New Zealand
1986
Marshall, MalcolmMalcolm Marshall
West Indies
1987
Crowe, MartinMartin Crowe
New Zealand
1988
Marshall, MalcolmMalcolm Marshall
West Indies
1989
Border, AllanAllan Border
Australia
1990
Gooch, GrahamGraham Gooch
England
1991
Ambrose, CurtlyCurtly Ambrose
West Indies
1992
Akram, WasimWasim Akram
Pakistan
1993
Warne, ShaneShane Warne
Australia
1994
Lara, BrianBrian Lara
West Indies
1995
Lara, BrianBrian Lara
West Indies
1996
Jayasuriya, SanathSanath Jayasuriya
Sri Lanka
1997
Warne, ShaneShane Warne
Australia
1998
Tendulkar, SachinSachin Tendulkar
India
1999
Waugh, SteveSteve Waugh
Australia
2000
Muralitharan, MuttiahMuttiah Muralitharan
Sri Lanka
2001
McGrath, GlennGlenn McGrath
Australia
2002
Hayden, MatthewMatthew Hayden
Australia
Multiple winners[edit]
Shane Warne was listed twice in the historical list, as well as being recognised for 2004.
Unlike Wisden's Cricketers of the Year, players can be recognised more than once as the Leading Cricketer in the World, and eighteen players have been selected for multiple years.[6] The majority of these have won the award twice, but five players have been recognised for three or more years: Don Bradman, Garfield Sobers, Jack Hobbs, Viv Richards and Shane Warne. In the 2007 edition which published the notional historical winners, Engel noted with "surprise and pleasure" that these five players were the same as had been selected as Wisden's five Cricketers of the Century.[2]
Sachin Tendulkar and Warne have both been selected as notional and actual winners, while Virender Sehwag was the first player to be recognised twice by Wisden as an actual winner since 2004.[6] Kumar Sangakkara has since similarly been selected twice, and in 2012 he became the first player to be recognised twice in one edition of Wisden, as both Leading Cricketer in the World and a Cricketer of the Year.[7]
Player
Awards
Years
Bradman, DonDon Bradman
10 1930, 1931, 1932, 1934, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1946, 1948
Sobers, GarfieldGarfield Sobers
8 1958, 1960, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1970
Hobbs, JackJack Hobbs
3 1914, 1922, 1925
Richards, VivViv Richards
3 1976, 1978, 1980
Warne, ShaneShane Warne
3 1993, 1997, 2004
Barnes, SydneySydney Barnes
2 1912, 1913
Fry, C. B.C. B. Fry
2 1901, 1903
Hutton, LenLen Hutton
2 1949, 1952
Kohli, ViratVirat Kohli
2 2016, 2017
Lara, BrianBrian Lara
2 1994, 1995
Lillee, DennisDennis Lillee
2 1972, 1977
Macartney, CharlieCharlie Macartney
2 1921, 1926
Marshall, MalcolmMalcolm Marshall
2 1986, 1988
Muralitharan, MuttiahMuttiah Muralitharan
2 2000, 2006
Pollock, GraemeGraeme Pollock
2 1967, 1969
Sangakkara, KumarKumar Sangakkara
2 2011, 2014
Sehwag, VirenderVirender Sehwag
2 2008, 2009
Tendulkar, SachinSachin Tendulkar
2 1998, 2010
Trumper, VictorVictor Trumper
2 1902, 1911
Winners by country[edit]
Awards won by nationality (%)
Australia – 35 (32.4%)
England – 28 (25.9%)
West Indies – 20 (18.5%)
South Africa – 8 (7.4%)
India – 7 (6.5%)
Sri Lanka – 5 (4.6%)
New Zealand – 3 (2.8%)
Pakistan – 2 (1.9%)
Cricketers from eight of the ten Test playing nations have been recognised for the award by Wisden, only Bangladesh and Zimbabwe are not represented. Players from Australia and England dominate the list, having won more than half of the time, although this is disproportionately the case in the notional list. Prior to World War II, 34 of the 36 winners played for Australia or England. The "actual" award winners are more evenly distributed; Indian players have won four times, Australian and Sri Lankan players have won three times, South Africans twice, while only one English player has been recognised since 2004.[6]
Awards by country
Club
Awards
Australia
35
England
28
West Indies
20
South Africa
8
India
7
Sri Lanka
5
New Zealand
3
Pakistan
2
See also[edit]
Six Giants of the Wisden Century
Wisden Australia's Cricketer of the Year
Wisden Cricketers of the Century
ICC Awards
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Engel, Matthew, ed. (2004). Wisden Cricketers' Almanack 2004 (141 ed.). Alton, Hampshire: John Wisden & Co. Ltd. p. 8. ISBN 0-947766-83-9.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Engel, Matthew, ed. (2007). Wisden Cricketers' Almanack 2007 (144 ed.). Alton, Hampshire: John Wisden & Co. Ltd. pp. 32–41. ISBN 978-1-905625-02-4.
Jump up ^ Engel, Matthew, ed. (2000). Wisden Cricketers' Almanack 2000 (137 ed.). Guildford, Surrey: John Wisden & Co. Ltd. p. 61. ISBN 0-947766-57-X.
Jump up ^ "Wisden's Leading Cricketer in the World". ESPNcricinfo. ESPN. 2007. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Ponting named world's leading cricketer". ABC News. Sydney: Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 7 April 2004. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Leading Cricketer in the World". Bloomsbury. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Kumar Sangakkara 'Leading Cricketer in the World' for 2011: Wisden". NDTV Sports. New Delhi: NDTV. 11 April 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
[hide]
v
t
e
Wisden awards
Wisden Cricketers of the Year
Wisden Leading Woman Cricketer in the World
Wisden Leading Cricketer in the World
Young Wisden Schools Cricketer of the Year
Wisden Australia's Cricketer of the Year
Wisden Cricketers of the Century
Six Giants of the Wisden Century
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Out of This World (TV series)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the U.S. television series. For the British television series of the same name, see Out of This World (UK TV series).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Out of This World
Title screen
Genre
Fantasy sitcom
Created by
John Boni
Bob Booker
Directed by
Bob Claver
Scott Baio
Selig Frank
Stan Harris
Russ Petranto
Jack Regas
Renny Temple
Starring
Maureen Flannigan
Donna Pescow
Doug McClure
Joe Alaskey
Steve Burton
Christina Nigra
Buzz Belmondo
Tom Nolan
Voices of
Burt Reynolds
Opening theme
"Swinging on a Star"
Composer(s)
Kevin Kiner
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
4
No. of episodes
96
Production
Executive producer(s)
Bob Booker
Producer(s)
John Boni
Barbara Booker
Gail Honigberg
Laura Levine
Mike Scully
Bruce Taylor
George Yanok
Running time
22 mins.
Production company(s)
Bob Booker Productions
Distributor
NBCUniversal Television Distribution
Release
Original network
Syndication
Original release
September 17, 1987 (1987-09-17) – May 25, 1991 (1991-05-25)
Out of This World is an American fantasy sitcom about a teenage girl who is half alien, which gives her unique superhuman powers. It first aired in syndication from September 17, 1987 and ended on May 25, 1991.
During its first season, the series was originally part of NBC's Prime Time Begins at 7:30 campaign, in which the network's owned-and-operated stations would run first-run sitcoms in the 7:30-8 pm time slot to counter-program competing stations' game shows, sitcom reruns and other offerings. Out of This World was rotated with the original series Marblehead Manor and She's the Sheriff, a syndicated revival of the 1983 sitcom We Got It Made, and a television adaptation of the play You Can't Take It with You. NBC ended the experiment after the 1987-88 season due to the low ratings put up by three of the series, with Out of This World being one of the two that were renewed (the other being She's the Sheriff). After its first season the series was largely moved to weekend time slots, where it remained until its cancellation following the fourth season.
Contents
[hide]
1 Show summary
1.1 Characters
1.1.1 The Cube
1.2 Guest stars
2 Episodes
2.1 Season 1
2.2 Season 2
2.3 Season 3
2.4 Season 4
3 Opening credits
4 International airings
5 Critical reception
6 DVD release
7 In other media
8 References
9 External links
Show summary[edit]
The series revolves around Evie Ethel Garland - a young girl who discovers on her thirteenth birthday that her father Troy is an alien from the planet Antares Prime, in the Scorpio Galaxy. Troy who married her mother and "merged lifeforms" to create Evie. Evie's half-alien heritage gives her superhuman abilities. Most of the episodes revolve around Evie misusing her powers and causing some trouble, which she spends the rest of the episode fixing. Only Evie and her family know about the alien side of her family; many episodes depict their efforts to hide her secret from other characters. After four seasons, the series ended on a cliffhanger: Troy came to visit and Donna took his place by accident, ending up on Antares Prime while Troy was stranded on Earth.
Characters[edit]
Evie Ethel Garland (Maureen Flannigan) — Evie is a half-human, half-alien girl who lives with her mother in Marlowe, California (a fictional analogue of Carmel-by-the-Sea), in a house overlooking the sea. She is an only child. Evie attends a school for gifted children (run by her mother) and achieves good grades there. Her mother had always told Evie that her father was a secret agent, but on her thirteenth birthday Evie developed superhuman abilities; it was then revealed that her father is a native of another planet. Evie's most frequently-used power is her ability to freeze time on Earth by touching her index-fingertips together; this allows her to alter the course of Earthly events by maneuvering herself and/or others as desired. When she claps her hands together, time resumes as normal. She can also "unfreeze" individuals by touching them while time is frozen. She later gains the power to gleep, which allows her to manifest objects using only her mind. Her father describes her as "the perfect child: loving; caring; with the same needs of most teenagers". The series follows Evie through her teenage years, from her thirteenth birthday in the pilot to her eighteenth birthday in the final episode. Although she was the leading character, Flannigan was billed last in the credits. In the first season, she received the billing "And Introducing Maureen Flannigan". Starting with the second season, she received a different billing: "And Maureen Flannigan as Evie".
Donna Froelich-Garland (Donna Pescow) — Evie's mother. Described by her husband as "an ambitious working mother with a career", Donna runs a school for gifted children, which Evie attends. She later founds her own catering company, "Donna's Delights". Toward the end of season 3, Donna becomes the mayor of Marlowe. Donna is very protective of her daughter, often to the dismay of Evie, who would like to be more independent. Donna, along with her brothers Beano and Mick, are the only regular characters on the show who know Evie's secret.
Troy Garland (Burt Reynolds, voice only) — Evie's father. Troy is a human-looking extraterrestrial, with many special powers, from the distant world of Antares Prime. He is an astronaut where he comes from. Troy met Donna when his spacecraft crashed on Earth at some point in the late 1960's or early 1970's. The two fell in love and were married in 1971; two years later, Donna gave birth to Evie. The year after that, Troy was recalled to participate in a war which raged on Antares. Since then, Troy occasionally visits Earth... staying in touch with his daughter via a special communication device known as the "cube" (see below). Troy's powers seem practically unlimited; although he lives on Antares Prime, he can control many things on Earth - from computers to the weather. He can also give and/or take away Evie's powers at will (as demonstrated in the second episode of the series); and is very good at keeping up with events on Earth. While Troy appears in the show's opening credits, he rarely makes a physical appearance — and when he does, his face is obscured (for example, via a surgical mask or shadows). In the series finale, when Troy arrives on Earth, he is seen in a silhouette with stars from the galaxy. Troy was credited as "himself" in the opening credits from Season Two onwards.
Beano Froelich (1987–1990) (Joe Alaskey) — "Beano", Evie's uncle on her mom's side of the family, lives next door to her and his sister Donna. Beano has a large appetite and runs a diet clinic known as "Waist-a-Weigh", which is later renamed after him. Beano is one of the two regular characters who know Evie's secret, Donna being the other. He last appears in season 4, episode 12.
Kyle Applegate (Doug McClure) — Kyle is a former television actor who is now the mayor of Marlowe. Kyle is a good friend of the family, but "the mayor" punishes even the smallest offenses. As well as being egocentric and vain, Kyle is dimwitted and gullible, often completely failing to notice Evie's "alien" antics. He clings to his former TV glory as the star of "Mosquito Man" and many long forgotten mainly Western movies. Towards the end of season three, Kyle is appointed police chief by Donna, who takes over from him as mayor.
Buzz (Buzz Belmondo) — The manager of Beano's diet clinic, and one of the more eccentric characters in town. Buzz usually makes one brief appearance per episode, during which he performs a series of puns and/or prop-based gags...sometimes related to the elaborate costume that he is wearing. He speaks with an unknown accent, and is prone to bizarre behavior. Donna sometimes resorts to him for help, more often than not regretting it.
Lindsay Selkirk (Christina Nigra) — Evie's best female friend. She and Evie spend a lot of time together drinking milkshakes at their local diner, the "Goodie Goodie." Lindsay is Evie's confidante when it comes to boys and her non-Antarean related problems.
Chris Fuller (Steve Burton) — Chris is a surfer and high school student who later enrolls at Marlowe Community College. He is introduced as a new student and good basketball player in the season one episode "Evie Get Your Basketball". Chris becomes Evie's boyfriend, although they are more like brother and sister; sometimes they even date other people. In Season Four, Chris says Evie was and always will be his girl.
Quigley Handlesman (Carl Steven) (1987-1988) - One of Evie's classmates at Donna's school for the gifted.
Phil (John Roarke) (1987-1988) - The jovial, funny handyman who works on the Garlands' house during the first season. He is always snooping around in the family's business; Donna, Evie, and Beano constantly scramble to keep Phil from suspecting Evie's alien heritage.
Jeffrey Cummings (Tony Crane) (1990) - A high school classmate of Evie and Lindsay's who transfers in during their senior year. Incredibly handsome, basically picking where Chris left off after going to college, Jeffrey soon begins dating Evie...who is forced to juggle her relationships with him and with Chris.
Peter (1990-1991) (Peter Pitofsky) — A waiter at the Goodie Goodie who is introduced in the first episode of Season Four. He is a clumsy, goofball Antarean who provides his own brand of comic relief whenever Evie and her friends stop by the restaurant. He was military intelligence for Antares until he chose to stay on Earth, his memory erased of all Antarean things. He has a penchant for misinterpreting people's orders, and sometimes even forgets his own name.
Mick Froelich (1990–1991) (Tom Nolan) — Donna's brother and Evie's uncle, who was introduced in season 4, episode 7, to replace Uncle Beano as a recurring character. He is a former rock musician.
The Cube[edit]
Evie was able to communicate with Troy through a special genetic communication device known as the "cube," which he gave to her when she turned thirteen. The cube effectively functioned as a telephone line to Antareus — it could even be used to leave Troy an "answerphone" message, as seen in the episode "My Little Evie." There were no controls on the cube; Evie simply would call for her father, and the cube would activate when he answered, and deactivate when he would "hang up." Depending on the plotline, Troy would manifest his powers while talking through the cube, emitting a beam of energy directly from the cube.
Evie and Donna would normally keep the cube around the house, out of sight (often in Evie's bedroom), sometimes telling people it was an ornament or a talking clock. When the cube was activated, the top half of it would open up on a hinge with a magenta light pulsing inside, with a "spacey" sound effect. The ambient lights in the room would usually dim as well. Troy's voice would be heard clearly through the cube with reverberation.
Originally, even though everyone was able to hear Troy through the cube, Evie was the only one whom Troy could hear, as the cube was described to be "genetic." This changes in the first episode of season 2, "Evie's Birthday Wish." At the end of the episode, Evie uses her final wish to request that her mother be able to talk to Troy like she can. As a result, Troy could then hear Donna and they could talk back and forth. It was unknown whether the rest of Evie's family could also talk to Troy, but there were other aliens that Troy could hear through the cube, as seen in Season 4 Episode 5 "Evie's Guardian Angel" (an Antaerian was sent to Earth to protect Evie and Donna, and he could speak to Troy via the cube).
Guest stars[edit]
The series featured several celebrities who made cameo appearances on the show, occasionally as themselves. In chronological order of appearances:
Ann Miller
Norman Fell (as Evie's psychiatrist Dr. Hauser, "The Nightmare", 1987)
Scott Carpenter (as himself, "Evie and the Young Astronauts", 1987)
Charles Nelson Reilly (as himself, "Dueling Mayors", 1987)
Betsy Palmer (as Donna's mother, "Uh, Oh... Here Comes Mother", 1987)
Tom Bosley (as Troy's father, "Guess Who's Coming to Earth", 1988 and "Around the World in Eighty Minutes", 1989)
Jamie Farr ("Go West, Young Mayor", 1988)
Richard Kiel (as Norman, "Go West, Young Mayor", 1988)
Scott Baio (who also directed several episodes) made a cameo appearance in "Princess Evie" (1988) and "Evie Goes For the Gold" (1989)
Lyle Alzado ("Goodbye Mr. Chris", 1990)
Mr. T ("New Kid on the Block", 1990)
Susan Anton ("Best Friends", 1990)
Pop singer Tiffany ("I Want My Evie TV", 1990)
Kathleen Freeman (as Miss Ogilvy, Evie's high school teacher, "Educating Kyle", 1991)
Episodes[edit]
Season 1[edit]
Evie's Thirteenth Birthday
Playing with the Power
The Nightmare
Till Then
Evie, Get Your Basketball
Every Beano Has His Day
Evie and the Young Astronauts
Fifties Mom
Dueling Mayors
Baby Talk
Beano's New Diet Clinic
Uh, Oh... Here Comes Mother
The Anniversary
To Tell the Truth
Pen Pals
Broadway Danny Derek
Mosquito Man: The Motion Picture
The Russians Are Coming
Aka Dad
The Illness
The Box Is Missing
Boy Crazy
The Three Faces of Evie
I've Got a Secret
Season 2[edit]
Evie's Birthday Wish
Blast from the Past
Career Crunch
Should Old Acquaintance Be Forgot?
Evie's First Kiss
Princess Evie
Old Flame
Guess Who's Coming to Earth
Go West, Young Mayor
Close Encounters of the Nerd Kind
The Incredible Hunk
Pupil's Court
Evie's Two Dads
The Secret of Evie's Success
Honest Evie
Evie Goes to Hollywood
Two Many Evies
Futile Attraction
Beano the Kid
Queens for a Day
The Amazing Evie
Whose House Is It, Anyway?
Frisky Business
Star Dog
Season 3[edit]
Evie's Sweet Sixteen
Cinderella Evie
Bring Me the Head of Donna Garland
A Froggy Day in Marlowe Town
Eviegeist
Evie's Driver's License
Evie Goes for the Gold
Hair Today, Gone Tomorrow
Around the World in 80 Minutes
It's a Cruel World
Evie/Stevie
The Rocks That Couldn't Roll
One in a Million
Four Men and a Baby
Evie's Double Trouble
The Garden of Evie
Evie's Magic Touch
Cowboy Kyle, Man of Granite
Evie's Secret Admirer
Evie's Yuppie Love
Diamond's Are Evie's Best Friend
A Kinder, Gentler Mayor
My Mother the Con
Goodbye, Mr. Chris
Season 4[edit]
New Kid on the Block
My Little Evie
Forget Your Troubles
A Mind Is a Terrible Thing to Read
Evie's Guardian Angel
Best Friends
I Want My Evie TV
Come Fly with Evie
Roomies
Evie's High Anxiety
Evie's False Alarm
Marlowe Vice
Evie's Latin Touch
My Mom, and Why I Love Her
Heck's Angels
Would You Buy a Used Car from This Dude?
Evie Nightingale
All About Evie
Mayor Evie
Stump Your Neighbor
Evie's Three Promises
Too Late for Evie
Educating Kyle
Evie's Eighteen
Opening credits[edit]
The opening credits for the series incorporated special effects footage from the 1979-1981 series Buck Rogers in the 25th Century. The theme song is "Swinging on a Star".
International airings[edit]
Out of This World was first broadcast in the UK on the ITV network on April 9, 1990, until 1995.[1]
The series was first broadcast in France from 10 September 1988 under the title "Loin de ce monde" - Far From This World.
In Germany, the series was renamed "Mein Vater ist ein Außerirdischer" - My Father is an Alien.
In Italy, the series was renamed "Cose Dell'Altro Mondo" - Things Belonging To the Other World.
In Spain, the series was renamed "De otro mundo" - From Another World.
In Russia, the series was renamed "Фантастическая Девушка" - Fantastic Girl.
In Latin America, the series was renamed "Fuera de este Mundo" - Out of This World.
The show was aired on many TV stations in the Middle East, as well as Saudi TV Channel 2, with Arabic subtitles. It also aired in Canada on Toronto station CFMT (now Omni Television). It was screened in New Zealand on TVNZ.
Critical reception[edit]
Discussing Out of This World, Roger Fulton stated "like many juvenile US sitcoms, the series was short on laughs and long on moralizing".[2] The book Television Without Pity contained a review of Out of This World that described the show as "quite possibly the worst sitcom ever made-it's a complete failure on every level". The review went on to criticize the show's scripts, acting and production, and unfavorably compared Out of This World to Sabrina, the Teenage Witch.[3] The Splitsider website called Out of This World "perhaps the worst sitcom ever, or at least the most '80s sitcom ever".[4]
DVD release[edit]
A DVD set with 35 episodes from seasons 1 and 2 was released in Germany on November 8, 2011.[5] The 6-disc set has a runtime of 875 minutes, but does not include all episodes due to music rights.[6]
In other media[edit]
The show was parodied in the Robot Chicken episode, "Executed by the State". In the parody, Evie is asked out by a boy who likes her, she uses her powers to stop time and takes a look down his pants, presumably in order to check out the size of his penis. After seeing the size of his penis, Evie says, "Uhhh, pass." (This is followed by canned laughter typical of sitcoms of that era.) Evie then walks off with time still frozen.
In the Universal Studios ride Kongfrontation, the news report that plays during the queue is interrupted by an ad for Out of This World, at which the screen crawl at the bottom of the ad is a civil defense message warning that King Kong is in the vicinity and for civilians to stay indoors and not use public transportation until further notice.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "BBC - Comedy Guide - Out Of This World". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2004-12-09. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
Jump up ^ Fulton, Roger (1995). Encyclopedia of TV science fiction. London: Boxtree. p. 392. ISBN 1-85283-953-8.
Jump up ^ Ariano, Tara; Bunting, Sarah D. (2006). Television Without Pity: 752 Things We Love to Hate (And Hate to Love) about TV. Quirk Books. p. 192. ISBN 1-59474-117-4.
Jump up ^ Boone, Brian (October 18, 2011). "Looking Back at the Terrible Syndicated Sitcoms of the Late 1980s". Splitsider. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Mein Vater ist ein Außerirdischer - Vol. 1 [6 DVDs]: Amazon.de: Donna Pescow, Maureen Flannigan, Joe Alaskey, Buzz Belmondo, Doug McClure: Filme & TV". Amazon.de. 2012-05-24. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
Jump up ^ "FSK - VV Programmteile". Fsk.de. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
External links[edit]
Television in the United States portal
Science fiction portal
1980s portal
1990s portal
Out of This World on IMDb
Out of This World at TV.com
Out of This World at epguides.com
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Forgetting curve
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A typical representation of the forgetting curve.
The forgetting curve hypothesizes the decline of memory retention in time. This curve shows how information is lost over time when there is no attempt to retain it.[1] A related concept is the strength of memory that refers to the durability that memory traces in the brain. The stronger the memory, the longer period of time that a person is able to recall it. A typical graph of the forgetting curve purports to show that humans tend to halve their memory of newly learned knowledge in a matter of days or weeks unless they consciously review the learned material.
The forgetting curve supports one of the seven kinds of memory failures: transience, which is the process of forgetting that occurs with the passage of time.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Description
3 See also
4 Notes
5 References
History[edit]
In 1885, Hermann Ebbinghaus collected data to plot a forgetting curve. Today, we approximate forgetting with an exponential curve[3]:
R = e − t S , {\displaystyle R=e^{-{\frac {t}{S}}},}
where R {\displaystyle R} is retrievability (a measure of how easy it is to retrieve a piece of information from memory), S {\displaystyle S} is stability of memory (determines how fast R {\displaystyle R} falls over time in the absence of training, testing or other recall), and t {\displaystyle t} is time.
Hermann Ebbinghaus ran a limited, incomplete study on himself and published his hypothesis in 1885 as Über das Gedächtnis (later translated into English as Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology). Ebbinghaus studied the memorisation of nonsense syllables, such as "WID" and "ZOF" (CVCs or Consonant-Vowel-Consonant) by repeatedly testing himself after various time periods and recording the results. He plotted these results on a graph creating what is now known as the "forgetting curve". From his discovery regarding the "forgetting curve", Ebbinghaus came up with the effects of "overlearning". Essentially, if you practiced something more than what is usually necessary to memorize it, you would have effectively achieved overlearning. Overlearning ensures that information is more impervious to being lost or forgotten, and the forgetting curve for this overlearned material is shallower.[4]
In 2015, an attempt to replicate the forgetting curve with one study subject has shown the experimental results similar to Ebbinghaus' original data.[5]
Description[edit]
Ebbinghaus hypothesized that the speed of forgetting depends on a number of factors such as the difficulty of the learned material (e.g. how meaningful it is), its representation and physiological factors such as stress and sleep. He further hypothesized that the basal forgetting rate differs little between individuals. He concluded that the difference in performance (e.g. at school) can be explained by mnemonic representation skills.
He went on to hypothesize that basic training in mnemonic techniques can help overcome those differences in part. He asserted that the best methods for increasing the strength of memory are:
better memory representation (e.g. with mnemonic techniques)
repetition based on active recall (especially spaced repetition).
His premise was that each repetition in learning increases the optimum interval before the next repetition is needed (for near-perfect retention, initial repetitions may need to be made within days, but later they can be made after years). Later research suggested that, other than the two factors Ebbinghaus proposed, higher original learning would also produce slower forgetting.[6]
Spending time each day to remember information, such as that for exams, will greatly decrease the effects of the forgetting curve. Reviewing material in the first 24 hours after learning information is the optimum time to re-read notes and reduce the amount of knowledge forgotten.[1]
Some memories remain free from the detrimental effects of interference and don’t necessarily follow the typical forgetting curve as various noise and outside factors influence what information would be remembered.[7]
There is debate among supporters of the hypothesis about the shape of the curve for events and facts that are more significant to the subject.[8] Some supporters, for example, suggest that memories of shocking events such as the Kennedy Assassination or 9/11 are vividly imprinted in memory (flashbulb memory). Others have compared contemporaneous written recollections with recollections recorded years later, and found considerable variations as the subject's memory incorporates after-acquired information.[9] There is considerable research in this area as it relates to eyewitness identification testimony. Eye witness accounts are demonstrably unreliable.[9]
See also[edit]
Atrophy
Spaced repetition
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Curve of Forgetting | Counselling Services
Jump up ^ Schacter, D. L. (2009). Psychology. New York: Worth Publishers. p. 243. ISBN 978-1-4292-3719-2.
Jump up ^ Woźniak Piotr A., Gorzelańczyk Edward J. and Murakowski Janusz A. (1995) "Two components of long-term memory.". Acta Neurobiol Experimentalis (1995) 55(4):301-5. Pubmed ID (PMID): 8713361
Jump up ^ "Human Memory. Herman Ebbinghaus". Lecture notes in Psychology published at Dr. Bruce Abbott's homepage at IPFW
Jump up ^ Murre J.M.J., Dros J. (2015) "Replication and Analysis of Ebbinghaus’ Forgetting Curve". PLOS ONE 10(7): e0120644. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120644
Jump up ^ Loftus, Geoffrey R. (1985). "Evaluating forgetting curves" (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 11 (2): 397–406. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.11.2.397.
Jump up ^ Averell, Lee; Heathcote, Andrew (2011). "The form of the forgetting curve and the fate of memories". Journal of Mathematical Psychology. 55: 25–35. doi:10.1016/j.jmp.2010.08.009.
Jump up ^ Forgetting Curve | Training Industry
^ Jump up to: a b "Why Science Tells Us Not to Rely on Eyewitness Accounts".
References[edit]
"Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology -- Ebbinghaus (1885/1913)". Retrieved 2007-08-23.
Schacter, Daniel L (2001). The seven sins of memory: how the mind forgets and remembers. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-618-21919-6.
Baddeley, Alan D. (1999). Essentials of human memory. Hove: Psychology. ISBN 0-86377-544-6.
Bremer, Rod. The Manual – A guide to the Ultimate Study Method (USM) (Amazon Digital Services).
Loftus, Geoffrey R. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition11. 2 (Apr 1985): 397-406.
http://www.trainingindustry.com/wiki/entries/forgetting-curve.aspx
Averell, Lee; Heathcote, Andrew (February 2011). "The form of the forgetting curve and the fate of memories". Journal of Mathematical Psychology. 55 (1): 25–35. doi:10.1016/j.jmp.2010.08.009.
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=do-the-eyes-have-it
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