text:
Six flags over Texas
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the theme park, see Six Flags Over Texas.
Six coats of arms displayed under the Texas State Capitol Dome
"Six flags over Texas" is the slogan used to describe the six nations that have had sovereignty over some or all of the current territory of the U.S. state of Texas: Spain (1519–1685; 1690–1821), France (1685–1690), Mexico (1821–1836), the Republic of Texas (1836–1845), the Confederate States of America (1861–1865), and the United States of America (1845–1861; 1865–present).[1]
This slogan has been incorporated into shopping malls, theme parks (Six Flags), and other enterprises. In Austin, the six flags fly in front of the Bullock Texas State History Museum; the Texas State Capitol has the six coats of arms on its northern facade, and the University of Texas at Austin Life Sciences Library, previously the location of the central library in the Main Building, has each coat of arms displayed in plaster emblems with short excerpts representative of the constitutions of each country. The six flags are also shown on the reverse of the Seal of Texas.
In 1997 the Texas Historical Commission adopted standard designs for representing the six flags.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Spain (1519 to 1685; 1690 to 1821)
2 France (1684 to 1690 for Fort Saint Louis and 1800 to 1803 as French Louisiana)
3 Mexico (1821 to 1835)
4 Republic of Texas (1836 to 1845 as the Republic of Texas; since 1845 as the State of Texas)
5 United States of America (1845 to 1861; 1865 to present)
6 Confederate States of America (1861 to 1865)
7 Gallery
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Spain (1519 to 1685; 1690 to 1821)[edit]
Main articles: Flag of Spain and Flag of Castile and León
The first flag belonged to Spain, which ruled most of Texas from 1519 to 1685 and 1690 to 1821. There were three Spanish flags used during this period: the "castle and lion" arms of the Crown of Castile (see Flag of Castile and León); the Cross of Burgundy, a military and maritime flag also used by the viceroys of New Spain; and the Rojigualda introduced by King Charles III in 1785, containing horizontal stripes of red-gold-red and the simple arms of Castile and León. This third flag has been used by Spain in various forms to the present day, and is the flag used in the reverse of the Seal of Texas and adopted by the Texas State Historical Commission.[3][4]
France (1684 to 1690 for Fort Saint Louis and 1800 to 1803 as French Louisiana)[edit]
Main article: Bourbon royal standard
The second flag was the royal banner of the Kingdom of France from 1684 to 1690. In 1684, French nobleman René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, founded a colony on the Texas Gulf Coast called Fort Saint Louis. The colony was unsuccessful, and after La Salle's murder, was soon abandoned. During this time, there was no official French flag, so a number of designs are used in displays of the "six flags".[3][4]
Later on in 1800, Spain ceded Louisiana to France under the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso. French Louisiana included northern sections of Texas. It remained in the hands of France until 1803, when France sold the Louisiana Territory to the United States. However, what would later be northern Texas was sold back to Spain years later.
Mexico (1821 to 1835)[edit]
Main article: Flag of Mexico
The third flag flown (1821 through 1836) was the flag of Mexico. Mexico's independence was recognized by Spain in 1821. The Mexican flag displayed in the Austin Capitol is the one of the Mexican Republic of 1823 through 1864.
This flag was in use in Texas until its independence from Mexico in 1836 (Texas' declaration of independence).[3]
Republic of Texas (1836 to 1845 as the Republic of Texas; since 1845 as the State of Texas)[edit]
Main article: Flag of Texas
The fourth flag belonged to the Republic of Texas from 1836 to 1845. The Republic had two national flags during its history, the first being the so-called "Burnet Flag". The "Lone Star Flag", the final national flag, became the state flag when Texas joined the United States as a U.S. state in 1845.[4]
United States of America (1845 to 1861; 1865 to present)[edit]
Main article: Flag of the United States
The fifth and current flag is that of the United States of America, which Texas joined in 1845. Upon secession Texas abandoned this flag for its sixth, until readmission to the Union in 1865.[4]
Confederate States of America (1861 to 1865)[edit]
Main article: Flags of the Confederate States of America
The sixth flag belonged to the Confederate States of America from 1861 to 1865. During this time, the Confederacy had three national flags.[3][4]
Gallery[edit]
Display of the Six Flags in Austin, Texas
See also[edit]
Texas portal
History of Texas
Flag of the Republic of the Rio Grande
Burnet Flag
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Six Flags of Texas". Texas State Library and Archives Commission. Retrieved September 29, 2013.
Jump up ^ Texas Historical Commission (June 20, 1997). "Recommended Historic Designs: The "Six Flags Over Texas"". Texas Register. Texas Secretary of State. 22: 5959–67.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Texas State Library – Six Flags of Texas
^ Jump up to: a b c d e The Six National Flags of Texas
External links[edit]
Flags of Texas from the Handbook of Texas Online
Texas Almanac
The Portal to Texas History
Reverse of Texas State Seal
Six Flags of Texas
Texas State Preservation Board
Texas Register (scroll down page to "Six Flags Over Texas" information on pages 5959–5967)
The Republic of the Rio Grande Museum
Mexico – Filibustering: Republic of the Rio Grande
Origin of the Lone Star Flag of Texas
[show]
v
t
e
"Six flags over Texas"
French Texas
Spanish Texas
Mexican Texas
Republic of Texas
Confederate States
United States
[show]
v
t
e
History of Texas
By period
French Texas
Spanish Texas
Mexican Texas
Republic of Texas
Texas annexation
Civil War era
Reconstruction
State of Texas
By topic
Annexation
Border disputes
Forests
Indian Wars
Jewish history
Oil boom
Revolution
Slavery
Texas Rangers
Vice
By city
Amarillo
Austin
Brownsville
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth
Galveston
Houston
Laredo
Lubbock
San Antonio
Timelines of cities in Texas
Government agency
Foreign relations of the Republic of Texas
Congress of the Republic of Texas
Supreme Court of the Republic of Texas
Texas Historical Commission
[show]
v
t
e
State of Texas
Austin (capital)
Topics
Architecture
Climate
Cuisine
Geography
Government
Healthcare
History
Languages
Law
Literature
Media
Newspapers
Radio
TV
National Historic Landmarks
Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks
National Register of Historic Places Sites
Sports
Symbols
Texans
Tourist attractions
Transportation
Seal of Texas
Society
Culture
Crime
Demographics
Economy
Education
Gambling
Politics
Regions
Ark‑La‑Tex
Big Bend
Blackland Prairies
Brazos Valley
Central Texas
Coastal Bend
Concho Valley
Cross Timbers
Deep East Texas
East Texas
Edwards Plateau
Golden Triangle
Hill Country
Llano Estacado
Northeast Texas
North Texas
Osage Plains
Panhandle
Permian Basin
Piney Woods
Rio Grande Valley
Southeast Texas
South Plains
South Texas
Texoma
Trans-Pecos
West Texas
Metropolitan
areas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin–Round Rock
Beaumont–Port Arthur
Brownsville–Harlingen
College Station–Bryan
Corpus Christi
Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington
El Paso
Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land
Killeen–Temple
Laredo
Longview
Lubbock
McAllen–Edinburg–Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio–New Braunfels
Sherman–Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
Counties
See: List of counties in Texas
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six_flags_over_Texas&oldid=832776064"
Categories:
Flags of Texas
Slogans
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Español
فارسی
Galego
עברית
Lumbaart
日本語
Edit links
This page was last edited on 27 March 2018, at 23:01.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

value: mw-page-base noprint

value: mw-head-base noprint

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attr: role class

value:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: Main Building (University of Texas at Austin)

value: Edit section: Spain (1519 to 1685; 1690 to 1821)

value: Royal Banner of the Crown of Castille (Habsbourg Style).svg

value: Texas State Historical Commission (page does not exist)

value: Edit section: France (1684 to 1690 for Fort Saint Louis and 1800 to 1803 as French Louisiana)

value:
/wiki/Bourbon_royal_standard
mw-redirect
Bourbon royal standard

value:
/wiki/Fort_Saint_Louis_(Texas)
mw-redirect
Fort Saint Louis (Texas)

value:
/wiki/The_Louisiana_Purchase
mw-redirect
The Louisiana Purchase

value:
/wiki/Mexican_Independence
mw-redirect
Mexican Independence

value: Edit section: Republic of Texas (1836 to 1845 as the Republic of Texas; since 1845 as the State of Texas)

value: Edit section: United States of America (1845 to 1861; 1865 to present)

value: Flag of the United States (1846-1847).svg

value: Edit section: Confederate States of America (1861 to 1865)

value: Flag of the Confederate States of America (March 1861 – May 1861).svg

value: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

value: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

value:
/wiki/Texas_Secretary_of_State
mw-redirect
Texas Secretary of State

value:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

value:
nofollow
http://www.texasalmanac.com/flags/
external text

value:
nofollow
http://texashistory.unt.edu/
external text

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.tspb.state.tx.us/tspb.htm

value: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value: List of National Historic Landmarks in Texas

value: List of Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks

value: National Register of Historic Places listings in Texas

value:
navbox-image
5
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

value: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value:
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
interface

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value:
/wiki/Six_flags_over_Texas
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

value: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

value: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

value: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

value: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

value: شش پرچم بر فراز تگزاس – Persian

value: שישה דגלים מעל טקסס – Hebrew

value: シックス・フラッグス・オーバー・テキサス – Japanese

value: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

value: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

value:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Six_flags_over_Texas rootpage-Six_flags_over_Texas skin-vector action-view


text:
Once Upon a Time in Venice
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Once Upon a Time in Venice
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Mark Cullen
Produced by
Mark Cullen
Robb Cullen
Nicolas Chartier
Zev Foreman
Laura Ford
Written by
Mark Cullen
Robb Cullen
Starring
Bruce Willis
Jason Momoa
John Goodman
Thomas Middleditch
Famke Janssen
Adam Goldberg
Jessica Gomes
Music by
Jeff Cardoni
Cinematography
Amir Mokri
Edited by
Matt Deizel
Production
company
Voltage Pictures
Distributed by
RLJ Entertainment
Release date
June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
Running time
94 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Box office
$457,224[1][2]
Once Upon a Time in Venice is a 2017 American action comedy film directed and written by Mark and Robb Cullen in their directorial debuts. The film stars Bruce Willis, Jason Momoa, John Goodman, Thomas Middleditch, Famke Janssen, and Adam Goldberg with supporting roles by Christopher McDonald, Stephanie Sigman, and Wood Harris.
The film was released in a limited release and through video on demand on June 16, 2017, by RLJ Entertainment.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Release
5 Reception
5.1 Critical response
5.2 Box office
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
When a Los Angeles-based private detective named Steve Ford tries to retrieve his stolen dog from a gang, the gang's drug lord, "Spyder", forces the detective to do some jobs before getting the dog back.[3]
Cast[edit]
Bruce Willis as Steve Ford, a Los Angeles private detective whose dog is stolen by a gang.[4]
Jason Momoa as Spyder, a drug lord who forces Steve to do some jobs for the safety of his dog.[3]
John Goodman as Dave Phillips, Steve's best friend.[5]
Thomas Middleditch as John, an assistant in his operation to Steve.[3]
Famke Janssen as Katey Ford, Steve's sister-in-law.[3]
Adam Goldberg as Lou the Jew[6], a real estate developer
Elisabeth Röhm as Anne Phillips, Dave’s ex
Stephanie Sigman as Lupe, Spyder’s girlfriend.[5]
Wood Harris as Prince
Christopher McDonald as Mr. Carter
Adrian Martinez as Tino, the owner of a local pizza store who wants to help Steve.[5]
Kal Penn as Rajeesh, a grocery store clerk.[5]
Ken Davitian as Yuri[7]
Victor Ortiz[7] as Chewy
Emily Robinson as Taylor[5]
Ralph Garman as Bum
Ron Funches as Mocha
Jessica Gomes as Nola
Production[edit]
By May 16, 2015, Bruce Willis was cast to star in a comedy playing a Los Angeles private detective whose dog is stolen by a gang.[4] Mark Cullen and Robb Cullen would make their directorial debut on the film based on their own script,[8] and they would also produce the film along with Nicolas Chartier, Zev Foreman, and Laura Ford, while Voltage Pictures financing and selling the film at Cannes.[4] In June 2015, Jason Momoa, Thomas Middleditch and Famke Janssen joined the cast of the film, Momoa to play the gang leader who forces Willis' character to do some jobs for his dog, Middleditch to play Willis' assistant in his operation, while Janssen would play Willis' sister-in-law.[3] Later on June 30, 2015, John Goodman, Stephanie Sigman, Adrian Martinez, Kal Penn, and Emily Robinson round out the remaining cast of the film, Goodman playing Willis' best friend, Sigman playing Momoa's character's girlfriend, Martinez playing the owner of a local pizza store who wants to help Willis' character, while Penn would play a grocery store clerk.[5] On July 13, 2015, Adam Goldberg was set to play Lou the Jew in the film.[6] Next day on July 14, 2015, four more joined the cast of the film, including Tyga, Ken Davitian, David Arquette, and Victor Ortiz.[7]
Actor Ralph Garman was meant to play a role in the movie, but he revealed on his Hollywood Babble-On podcast that his character was written out of the film when Bruce Willis refused to shoot a scene between them. The Cullen brothers offered him another role, and again, Willis declined to shoot the scene. The next day, the producers of the film stated that the scene needed to be cut, leaving Garman without an appearance in the film. The story mirrored that of his co-host, director Kevin Smith, who had similar stories of Willis' behaviour during the filming of Cop Out.[9]
Principal photography began on June 29, 2015, in Venice, Los Angeles.[10] The film was shooting under the working title Going Under.[11]
Release[edit]
In April 2017, RLJ Entertainment acquired distribution rights to the film.[12] It was released in a limited release and through video on demand on June 16, 2017.[13]
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
Once Upon A Time In Venice received a 22% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 32 reviews.[14] Metacritic gave the film a score of 28 out of 100 based on 9 reviews.[15]
Craig D. Lindsey of LA Weekly stated that Willis' performance was "a sterling example of how a lazy star can make a bad movie even worse."[16]
Box office[edit]
Once Upon A Time In Venice was released on Jun 16, 2017 (limited) and totaled under $500,000 in combined international box office.[1][2]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Once Upon a Time in Venice". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Once Upon a Time in Venice". The Numbers. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Kit, Borys (June 16, 2015). "Jason Momoa, Thomas Middleditch and Famke Janssen Join Bruce Willis in Action Comedy (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 8, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c Jaafar, Ali (May 16, 2015). "Bruce Willis Re-Teams With 'Cop Out's Mark And Robb Cullen For Private Investigator Comedy- Cannes". Deadline.com. Retrieved July 8, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Fleming Jr, Mike (June 30, 2015). "John Goodman & Bond Girl Stephanie Sigman Added To Voltage's Untitled Bruce Willis Comedy". Deadline.com. Retrieved July 8, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Pedersen, Erik (July 13, 2015). "Dianna Agron Lands Lead In Indie 'Hollow In The Land'; Adam Goldberg Joins Bruce Willis Detective Pic". Deadline.com. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c Hipes, Patrick (July 14, 2015). "Bruce Willis' Detective Comedy Adds Four More". Deadline.com. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys (June 16, 2015). "BJason Momoa, Thomas Middleditch and Famke Janssen Join Bruce Willis in Action Comedy (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ Smith, Kevin, Ralph Garman (August 14, 2015). "Hollywood Babble-On #220" (Podcast). SModcast. Retrieved September 8, 2015.
Jump up ^ McNary, Dave (May 16, 2015). "Cannes: Bruce Willis Starring in Detective Comedy". Variety. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Bruce Willis and David Arquette filming "Going Under"". ContactMusic.com. Retrieved July 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ Hipes, Patrick (April 4, 2017). "Bruce Willis' 'Once Upon A Time In Venice' Sells To RLJ, Sets June Release". Deadline.com. Retrieved April 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ McNary, Dave (April 4, 2017). "Bruce Willis' Action-Comedy 'Once Upon a Time in Venice' Lands at RLJ Entertainment". Variety. Retrieved April 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Once Upon A Time In Venice (2017) - Rotten Tomatoes". . Retrieved September 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Once Upon A Time In Venice Reviews - Metacritic". . Retrieved September 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Craig D. Lindsey (June 16, 2017). "Once Upon A Time In Venice - L.A. Weekly". LA Weekly.
External links[edit]
Once Upon a Time in Venice on IMDb
Once Upon a Time in Venice at Rotten Tomatoes
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Once_Upon_a_Time_in_Venice&oldid=817018462"
Categories:
2017 films
English-language films
Directorial debut films
Films shot in Venice, California
Films shot in Los Angeles
Films set in Los Angeles
Films about dogs
American action comedy films
Detective films
2010s action films
2010s comedy films
Voltage Pictures films
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Español
فارسی
Français
Italiano
Magyar
Polski
Русский
Українська
Edit links
This page was last edited on 25 December 2017, at 13:23.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

tag: div

attr: id class

value: mw-page-base noprint

key: html

type: local

value: mw-head-base noprint

tag: a

tag: i

attr: id class lang

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

tag: th

attr: colspan class style

tag: tr

tag: img

attr: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attr: href class

tag: td

attr: colspan style

attr: scope style

attr: href class title

value:
/wiki/Mark_Cullen_(writer)
mw-redirect
Mark Cullen (writer)

tag: li

value:
/wiki/Robb_Cullen
mw-redirect
Robb Cullen

attr: href title

value:
/wiki/Action_comedy
mw-redirect
Action comedy

value: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

value:
nofollow
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt4694544/
external text

value: Category:Films shot in Venice, California

value:
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
interface

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value:
/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_Venice
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

value: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

value: Permanent link to this revision of the page

value: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

value: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

value:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

value: روزی روزگاری در ونیز – Persian

value:
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L.A._Rush
L.A. Rush – French
fr
fr
interlanguage-link-target

value: Его собачье дело – Russian

value: Його собаче діло – Ukrainian

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Once_Upon_a_Time_in_Venice rootpage-Once_Upon_a_Time_in_Venice skin-vector action-view


text:
Nod (gesture)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2007) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A depiction of a man nodding
A nod of the head is a gesture in which the head is tilted in alternating up and down arcs along the sagittal plane. In many cultures, it is most commonly, but not universally, used to indicate agreement, acceptance, or acknowledgment.
Contents
[hide]
1 To indicate acceptance
2 To indicate refusal
3 As greeting
4 Nodding syndrome
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
To indicate acceptance[edit]
Different cultures assign different meanings to the gesture. Nodding to indicate "yes" is widespread, and appears in a large number of diverse cultural and linguistic groups. Areas in which nodding generally takes this meaning include the Indian subcontinent (note that the head bobble also shows agreement there), the Middle East, Southeast Asia, most of Europe (see below), Latin America and North America. Nodding may also be used as a sign of recognition in some areas, or to show respect. An insult may be inferred if it is not returned in kind.
In Greece, the single nod of the head down that indicates "yes" is often combined with closing the eyes simultaneously. This nod commonly also includes a very slight, almost unnoticeable, turn of the head to the left (or to the right).
An early survey of nodding and other gestures was The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, written by Charles Darwin in 1872. Darwin wrote to missionaries in many parts of the world asking for information on local gestures, and concluded that nodding for "yes" was common to many different groups.
There are varying theories as to why nodding is so frequently used to indicate acceptance. One simple theory is that it is a form of bowing, indicating that one is prepared to accept what another person is saying or requesting.[citation needed] It has also been stated[1] that babies, when hungry, search for milk by moving their heads vertically, but decline milk by turning their head from side to side.
To indicate refusal[edit]
There are few exceptions with some countries swapping the meanings between nodding and shaking head: in Greece, Iran, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Egypt, Bulgaria, Albania, and Sicily a single nod of the head up (not down) indicates a "no".
Specifically in Greece, the single nod of the head up that indicates "no" is almost always combined with a simultaneous raise of the eyebrows and most commonly also with a slight (or complete) rolling up of the eyes. There is also a sound that sometimes accompanies the whole gesture, called "τσου". This sound bears heavy resemblance, but is not identical, to the British tutting sound. The use of "τσου" is optional and reserved only for heavy emphasis on the "no".
The emphasis on the raised eyebrows and the rolling up of the eyes is such, that the actual nod of the head upwards has ended up being of secondary importance. A person can denote "no" by simply raising their eyebrows and rolling up their eyes, with the head staying completely still.
As greeting[edit]
Nodding can also be used as a form of nonverbal greeting or acknowledgement of another's presence; in this context, it is essentially an especially mild form of bowing, with just enough movement to show a degree of respect without additional formality. This includes the traditional downwards nod, or the upwards nod (which is more informal and usually used among friends or subordinates). To increase the formality, the downwards nod may also be accompanied by a suitable verbal greeting.
Nodding syndrome[edit]
Nodding is also a symptom of a yet unexplained disease. It affects mostly children under 15, and was first documented in Tanzania in 1962.[2]
See also[edit]
Head bobble
Head shake
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Darwin, Charles. The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1913; Page 272, accessed through Google Book Search.
Jump up ^ https://news.yahoo.com/photos/mysterious-nodding-disease-slideshow/children-suffering-nodding-syndrome-gather-akoya-lamin-omony-photo-173929058.html
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Head nodding.
The Straight Dope
Imponderables
[hide]
v
t
e
Gestures
Friendly gestures
Air kiss
Applause
Cheek kiss
Dap
Elbow bump
Eskimo kiss
Fist bump
Forehead kiss
Hand heart
Handshake
Hand wave
Hat tip
High five
Hongi
ILY sign
Kiss
Liberian snap handshake
Namaste
OK
Pinky swear
Pound hug
Shaka
Thumb signal
Gestures of respect
Adab
Bow
Curtsey
Gadaw
Genuflection
Hand-kiss
Kowtow
Kuji-in
Mano
Mudra
Namaste
Prostration
Sampeah
Sembah
Schwurhand
Wai
Zolgokh
Salutes
Bellamy salute
Nazi salute
Raised fist
Roman salute
Scout sign and salute
Three-finger salute
Two-finger salute
Vulcan salute
Zogist salute
Celebratory gestures
Applause
Crossed hands
Fist pump
High five
Victory clasp
V sign
Finger-counting
Finger binary
Chinese number gestures
Chisanbop
Obscene gestures
Anasyrma
Bras d'honneur
Cornuto
Fig sign
Finger
Mooning
Mountza
Reversed V sign
Shocker
Thumb/index-finger ring
Wanker
Taunts
Akanbe
Finger
Loser
Talk to the hand
Head motions
Head shake
Head bobble
Nod
Other gestures
Air quotes
Allergic salute
Aussie salute
Awkward turtle
Crossed fingers
Facepalm
Eyelid pull
Finger gun
Gang signal
Hand-in-waistcoat
Hand rubbing
Jazz hands
Laban sign
Merkel diamond
Pabebe wave
Pollice verso
Shrug
Sign of the cross
Sign of the horns
Related
List of gestures
Mudras
Articulatory gestures
Manual communication
Nonverbal communication
Sign language
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nod_(gesture)&oldid=774893140"
Categories:
Gestures
Hidden categories:
Articles needing additional references from July 2007
All articles needing additional references
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from November 2013
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Bân-lâm-gú
Deutsch
Nederlands
Norsk
Polski
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 11 April 2017, at 09:58.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

value: mw-page-base noprint

value: mw-head-base noprint

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attr: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

tag: b

attr: class href

value: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

tag: span

tag: small

tag: tbody

value: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

value:
/wiki/Linguistic_groups
mw-redirect
Linguistic groups

value:
/wiki/Bowing_(social)
mw-redirect
Bowing (social)

value: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)

value:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

value:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

value: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value: Category:Articles needing additional references from July 2007

value: Category:All articles needing additional references

value: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

value: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2013

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value:
/wiki/Nod_(gesture)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

value: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

value: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

value: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

value: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

value: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

value:
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikke
Nikke – Norwegian
no
no
interlanguage-link-target

value:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skinienie
Skinienie – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

value: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

value: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

value:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Nod_gesture rootpage-Nod_gesture skin-vector action-view