text:
Earle Hyman
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Earle Hyman
Born
George Earle Plummer[citation needed]
(1926-10-11)October 11, 1926
Rocky Mount, North Carolina, U.S.
Died
November 17, 2017(2017-11-17) (aged 91)
Englewood, New Jersey, U.S.
Other names
Earl Hyman
Occupation
Stage, film and television actor
Years active
1943–2001
Earle Hyman (October 11, 1926 – November 17, 2017) was an American stage, television, and film actor. Hyman is known for his role on ThunderCats as the voice of Panthro and various other characters. He also appeared on The Cosby Show as Cliff's father, Russell Huxtable.
Contents
[hide]
1 Life and career
1.1 Death
2 Filmography
3 Awards and nominations
4 References
5 External links
Life and career[edit]
Hyman was born in Rocky Mount, North Carolina, as George Earle Plummer according to the North Carolina Birth Index. He is believed to have been of Native American ancestry. His parents, Zachariah Hyman (Tuscarora/Meherrin) and Maria Lilly Plummer (Haliwa-Saponi/Nottoway), moved their family to Brooklyn, New York in the late 1920s, where Hyman primarily grew up. Hyman became interested in acting after seeing a production of Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen's Ghosts.
“The first play I ever saw was a present from my parents on my 13th birthday — Nazimova in ‘Ghosts’ at Brighton Beach on the subway circuit — and I just freaked out.”[1][2]
He made his Broadway stage debut as a teenager in 1943 in Run, Little Chillun, and later joined the American Negro Theater. The following year, Hyman began a two-year run playing the role of Rudolf on Broadway in Anna Lucasta, starring Hilda Simms in the title role.[3] He was a member of the American Shakespeare Theatre beginning with its first season in 1955, and played the role of Othello in the 1957 season.[4]
In December 1958 he came to London to play the leading role in Moon on a Rainbow Shawl, by Errol John, at the Royal Court.[5]
In 1959 he again appeared in the West End, this time in the first London production of A Raisin In the Sun alongside Kim Hamilton. The show ran at the Adelphi Theatre and was directed again by Lloyd Richards. A life member of The Actors Studio,[6] Hyman appeared throughout his career in productions in both the United States and Norway, where he also owned property. In 1965, won a Theatre World Award and in 1988, he was awarded the St Olav's medal for his work in Norwegian theater.
In addition to his stage work, Hyman appeared in various television and film roles including adaptions of Macbeth (1968), Julius Caesar (1979), and Coriolanus (1979), and voiced Panthro on the animated television series ThunderCats (1985–1990). He played two roles (at different times) on television's The Edge of Night.
One of his most well known roles, that of Russell Huxtable in The Cosby Show, earned him an Emmy Award nomination in 1986. He played the father of lead character Cliff Huxtable, played by actor Bill Cosby, despite only being 11 years older than Cosby.[7]
Death[edit]
Hyman, who never married or had any children, died at age 91 on November 17, 2017, at the Lillian Booth Actors Home in Englewood, New Jersey.[8]
Filmography[edit]
Film
Year
Film
Role
Notes
1945 The Lost Weekend Smoking Man Uncredited
1954 The Bamboo Prison Doc Jackson, medic
1966 Afrikaneren Raymond Alternative title: The African
1972 The Possession of Joel Delaney Charles Credited Earl Hyman
1975 The Super Cops Police Detective Uncredited
1979 Coriolanus Cominius
Julius Caesar Cicero
1982 Fighting Back Police Chief Freeman Alternative title: Death Vengeance
1985 Thundercats – HO: The Movie Panthro Voice
1988 Light Years Maxum (Voice) Alternative title: Gandahar
Television
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1957 Hallmark Hall of Fame Adam 1 episode
The United States Steel Hour Jim 1 episode
1963 Espionage Premier Djatuma 1 episode
East Side/West Side Mr. Marsden 1 episode
1964 The Nurses Buratta 1 episode
Playdate Crouch 1 episode
The Defenders District Attorney 1 episode
1965 Seaway Tom Nkomo 1 episode
1968 Macbeth Macbeth Television movie
1980 The Ivory Ape Inspector St. George Television movie
1982 Long Day's Journey Into Night James Tyrone Television movie
1984 The Edge of Night Bailiff Unknown episodes
1984–1992 The Cosby Show Russell Huxtable 40 episodes
1985 ThunderCats Panthro/Redeye (Voice) 125 episodes
The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus King Awgwa (Voice) Television movie
1987 A Different World Russell Huxtable Episode: :Sometimes You Get the Bear, Sometimes the Bear Gets You"
1989 A Man Called Hawk Jefferson Adams Episode: "Passing the Bar"
1994 Seier'n er vår Sammy Unknown episodes
1995 All My Children Mr. Patterson Unknown episodes
1996 Hijacked: Flight 285 Wayne Edwards Television movie
1997 Cosby Rev. Mitchell 1 episode
2000 The Moving of Sophia Myles Bishop Heath Television movie
2001 Twice in a Lifetime Charley Freeman 1 episode
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Award
Result
Category
Film, series or play
1956 Theatre World Award Won - -
1980 Tony Award Nominated Best Featured Actor in a Play The Lady From Dubuque
1983 CableACE Award Won Actor in a Dramatic Presentation Long Day's Journey Into Night
1986 Emmy Award Nominated Outstanding Guest Performer in a Comedy Series The Cosby Show (For episode "Happy Anniversary")
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "From Ibsen to Pinter and back again Earle Hyman's long journey with the masters". Thevillager.com. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Winer, Laurie (1991-03-24). "From Cosby's Father to Colonel Pickering, By Way of Norway". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-11-09.
Jump up ^ Buckley, Michael (2005-10-23). "Stage and Screen Star Earle Hyman". Playbill.com. Retrieved 2008-11-09.
Jump up ^ Cooper, Roberta Krensky (1986), The American Shakespeare Theatre, Stratford 1955–1985, Folger Books, p. 43, ISBN 0-918016-88-6
Jump up ^ Stephens, Frances (1959). ""Moon on a Rainbow Shawl"". Theatre World Annual (London). A Pictorial Review of West End Productions with a record of Plays and Players. London: Barrie & Rockliff. p. 89. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Garfield, David (1980). "Appendix: Life Members of The Actors Studio as of January 1980". A Player's Place: The Story of The Actors Studio. New York: MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc. p. 278. ISBN 0-02-542650-8.
Jump up ^ "Earle Hyman, Grandpa Huxtable on 'The Cosby Show,' Dies at 91". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Earle Hyman, Grandpa Huxtable on 'The Cosby Show,' Dies at 91". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
External links[edit]
Earle Hyman on IMDb
Earle Hyman at the Internet Broadway Database
Earle Hyman at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
Audio Interview (2008)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 35904679
LCCN: n85273945
IATH: w6b11zqn
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Earle_Hyman&oldid=818173450"
Categories:
1926 births
2017 deaths
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
African-American male actors
American male stage actors
American male television actors
American male voice actors
Male actors from North Carolina
American male Shakespearean actors
American expatriates in Norway
People from Rocky Mount, North Carolina
People from Brooklyn
Recipients of the St. Olav's Medal
LGBT male actors
Hidden categories:
Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from November 2017
Articles with hCards
Articles with IBDb links
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers
Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Deutsch
Français
Italiano
Magyar
Norsk
Simple English
Edit links
This page was last edited on 2 January 2018, at 01:15.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

value: mw-page-base noprint

value: mw-head-base noprint

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)

tag: i

tag: sup

value:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

tag: br

value:
/wiki/Brooklyn,_New_York
mw-redirect
Brooklyn, New York

value: Run, Little Chillun (page does not exist)

value:
/wiki/A_Raisin_In_the_Sun
mw-redirect
A Raisin In the Sun

value:
/wiki/St_Olav%27s_medal
mw-redirect
St Olav's medal

value:
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

value:
/wiki/Light_Years_(film)
mw-redirect
Light Years (film)

attr: class border cellpadding cellspacing style

value: margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 90%;

value: The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus (1985 film)

value:
/wiki/A_Different_World_(TV_series)
mw-redirect
A Different World (TV series)

value: Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Play

value:
/wiki/The_Lady_From_Dubuque
mw-redirect
The Lady From Dubuque

value: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor - Comedy Series

value:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

value:
nofollow
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0405165/
external text

value:
nofollow
external text
https://www.ibdb.com/Person/View/46145

attr: alt src width height style srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value:
nofollow
external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/35904679

value: Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities

value: Category:20th-century American male actors

value: Category:21st-century American male actors

value: Category:American male television actors

value: Category:Male actors from North Carolina

value: Category:American male Shakespearean actors

value: Category:People from Rocky Mount, North Carolina

value: Category:Recipients of the St. Olav's Medal

value: Category:Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL

value: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

value: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2017

value: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

value: Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers

value: Category:Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value:
/wiki/Earle_Hyman
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

value: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

value:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Earle_Hyman rootpage-Earle_Hyman skin-vector action-view


text:
Drunken Sailor
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Drunken Sailor" is a sea shanty, also known as "What Shall We Do with a/the Drunken Sailor?"
The shanty was sung to accompany certain work tasks aboard sailing ships, especially those that required a bright walking pace. It is believed to originate in the early 19th century or before, during a period when ships' crews, especially those of military vessels, were large enough to permit hauling a rope whilst simply marching along the deck. With the advent of merchant packet and clipper ships and their smaller crews, which required different working methods, use of the shanty appears to have declined or shifted to other, minor tasks.
"Drunken Sailor" was revived as a popular song among non-sailors in the 20th century, and grew to become one of the best-known songs of the shanty repertoire among mainstream audiences. It has been performed and recorded by many musical artists and appeared in many popular media.
Although the song's lyrics vary, they usually contain some variant of the question, "What shall we do with a drunken sailor, early in the morning?" In some styles of performance, each successive verse suggests a method of sobering or punishing the drunken sailor. In other styles, further questions are asked and answered about different people.
The song is No. 322 in the Roud Folk Song Index.
Contents
[hide]
1 Origins
2 History
2.1 As a shanty
2.2 As a popular song
3 Notable recordings and performances
4 Song text
5 References
6 Further reading
7 External links
Origins[edit]
Melody and first verse of "Drunken Sailor", culled from R. R. Terry's The Shanty Book, Part One (1921). Play (help·info)
The air of the song, in the Dorian mode and in duple march rhythm, has been compared to the style of a bagpipe melody.[1] The authorship and origin of "Drunken Sailor" are unknown.
History[edit]
As a shanty[edit]
The first published description of the shanty is found in an account of an 1839 whaling voyage out of New London, Connecticut to the Pacific Ocean.[2] It was used as an example of a song that was, "performed with very good effect when there is a long line of men hauling together". The tune was noted, along with these lyrics:
Ho! Ho! and up she rises.
Ho! Ho! and up she rises.
Ho! Ho! and up she rises,
Early in the morning.[3]
Although this is the earliest discovered published mention, there is some indication that the shanty is at least as old as the 1820s. In Eckstorm and Smyth's collection Minstrelsy of Maine (published 1927), the editors note that one of their grandmothers, who sang the song, claimed to have heard it used during the task of tacking on the Penobscot River "probably considerably over a hundred years ago".[4]
Despite these indications of the song's existence in the first half of the 19th century, references to it are rare. They include a reference in a work of fiction from 1855 in which a drunken female cook is portrayed singing,
Hee roar, up she rouses,
What shall we do with the drunken sailor?[5]
A five-verse set of lyrics and tune were published in the third edition of Davis and Tozer's shanty collection, Sailor Songs or ‘Chanties’.[6] However, the title did not appear in any of the other major shanty collections or articles of the 19th century.
When John Masefield next published the lyrics in 1906, he called it a "bastard variety" of shanty which was "seldom used"[7]—an assertion supported by the lack of many earlier references. This style of shanty, called a "runaway chorus" by Masefield, and as a "walk away" or "stamp and go" shanty by others (see: Sea shanty:Types), was said to be used for tacking and which was sung in "quick time". The verses in Masefield's version asked what to do with a "drunken sailor", followed by a response, then followed by a question about a "drunken soldier", with an appropriate response.
Capt. W. B. Whall, a veteran English sailor of the 1860s–70s, was the next author to publish on "Drunken Sailor". He claimed that this was one of only two shanties that was sung in the British Royal Navy (where singing at work was generally frowned upon). Moreover, the song had largely gone out of use as a "walk away" shanty when the size of ships' crews was reduced and it was no longer possible to use that working method.[8] The lyrics given by Whall are essentially the same as those from Masefield: about a "drunken sailor", then a "drunken soldier". Significantly, he stated that these were the only lyrics, as evidently the task did not take long to complete.
Chorus: Hoorah! And up she rises [three times, appears before each verse]
Early in the morning.
What shall we do with a drunken sailor? [three times]
Early in the morning.
Put him in the long-boat and make him bail her.
Early in the morning.
What shall we do with a drunken soldier?
Early in the morning.
Put him in the guardroom till he gets sober.
Early in the morning.
The above-mentioned and other veteran sailors[9] characterized "Drunken Sailor" as a "walk away" shanty, thus providing a possible explanation for why it was not noted more often in the second half of the 19th century. Later sailors' recollections, however, attested that the song continued to be used as a shanty, but for other purposes. Richard Maitland, an American sailor of the 1870s, sang it for song collector Alan Lomax in 1939, when he explained,
Now this is a song that's usually sang when men are walking away with the slack of a rope, generally when the iron ships are scrubbing their bottom. After an iron ship has been twelve months at sea, there's a quite a lot of barnacles and grass grows onto her bottom. And generally, in the calm latitudes, up in the horse latitudes in the North Atlantic Ocean, usually they rig up a purchase for to scrub the bottom.[10]
Another American sailor of the 1870s, Frederick Pease Harlow, wrote in his shanty collection that "Drunken Sailor" could be used when hauling a halyard in "hand over hand" fashion to hoist the lighter sails.[11] This would be in contradistinction to the much more typical "halyards shanties", which were for heavier work with an entirely different sort of pacing and formal structure. Another author to ascribe a function, Richard Runciman Terry, also said it could be used for "hand over hand" hauling. Terry was one of few writers, however, to also state the shanty was used for heaving the windlass or capstan.[12]
As a popular song[edit]
"Drunken Sailor" began its life as a popular song on land at least as early as the 1900s, by which time it had been adopted as repertoire for glee singing at Eton College.[13][14] Elsewhere in England, by the 1910s, men had begun to sing it regularly at gatherings of the Savage Club of London.[15]
"Drunken Sailor Medley" by John Baltzell
The song became popular on land in America as well. A catalogue of "folk-songs" from the Midwest included it in 1915, where it was said to be sung while dancing "a sort of reel".[16] More evidence of lands-folk's increasing familiarity with "Drunken Sailor" comes in the recording of a "Drunken Sailor Medley" (ca.1923) by U.S. Old Time fiddler John Baltzell. Evidently the tune's shared affinities with Anglo-Irish-American dance tunes helped it to become readapted as such, as Baltzell included it among a set of reels.
Classical composers utilized the song in compositions. Australian composer Percy Grainger incorporated the song into his piece "Scotch Strathspey And Reel" (1924). Malcolm Arnold used its melody in his Three Shanties for Woodwind Quintet, Op. 4 (1943).
The glut of writings on sailors' songs and published collections that came starting in the 1920s and which supported a revival of interest in shanty-singing for entertainment purposes on land. As such, R.R. Terry's very popular shanty collection, which had begun to serve as a resource for renditions of shanties on commercial recordings in the 1920s, was evidently used by the Robert Shaw Chorale for their 1961 rendition.[17] The Norman Luboff Choir recorded the song in 1959 with the yet uncharacteristic phrasing, "What'll we do...?"[18]
Notable recordings and performances[edit]
The song has been widely recorded under a number of titles by a range of performers including the King's Singers, Pete Seeger, The Blaggards, and most notably The Irish Rovers. It also forms part of a contrapuntal section in the BBC Radio 4 UK Theme by Fritz Spiegl, in which it is played alongside Greensleeves.
For over 50 years The Irish Rovers have played the song as their usual show-closer. Several of their recordings of the song, sometimes under the name "Weigh Hey and up She Rises" have gone viral on YouTube.[19] As a response, the band released the 2012 album, "Drunken Sailor" including the title track and a prequel that tells the earlier life of the 'Drunken Sailor', called "Whores and Hounds".[20]
Don Janse produced an arrangement in the early 1960s which has been included in several choral music anthologies. The arrangement was first recorded by The Idlers, and has been performed by several collegiate groups over the years, including the Yale Alley Cats.
Song text[edit]
Refrain:
Weigh heigh and up she rises (/Hoo-ray and up she rises)
Weigh heigh and up she rises (/Patent blocks of different sizes)[2]
Weigh heigh and up she rises
Early in the morning
Traditional verses:
What shall we do with a drunken sailor,
What shall we do with a drunken sailor,
What shall we do with a drunken sailor,
Early in the morning?
Put/chuck him in the long boat 'til he's sober.[7]
Put him in the long-boat and make him bail her.[8]
What shall we do with a drunken soldier?[2]
Put/lock him in the guard room 'til he gets sober.[7][2]
Put him in the scuppers with a hosepipe on him.[12]
Pull out the plug and wet him all over.[12]
Tie him to the taffrail when she's yardarm under[12]
Heave him by the leg in a runnin' bowline.[12]
Scrape the hair off his chest with a hoop-iron razor.[2]
Give 'im a dose of salt and water.[2]
Stick on his back a mustard plaster.[2]
Keep him there and make 'im bail 'er.[2]
Give 'im a taste of the bosun's rope-end.[2]
What'll we do with a Limejuice skipper?[2]
Soak him in oil till he sprouts a flipper.[2]
What shall we do with the Queen o' Sheba?[2]
What shall we do with the Virgin Mary?[2]
Additional verses:
Tie him to the mast and then you flog him.
Keel haul him till he's sober.
Shave his chin with a rusty razor.[21]
Beat 'im o'r wi' a cat-o-nine-tails.
Shave his belly with a rusty razor.[22]
Give 'im a hair of the dog that bit him.[23]
Put him in the bilge and make him drink it.[24]
Put him in bed with the captain's daughter.[25]
Hit him on the head with a drunken soldier
Parody verses:
Put him at the wheel of an Exxon tanker. (Or "make him captain of") A common parody reference to the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill.[26]
Book him a room at the Tailhook Convention. References the 1991 Tailhook scandal.
Make him sin in an Irish Rock band(Sevon Rings)
Pronunciation of "early"
The word "early" is often pronounced as /ˈɜːrlaɪ/ ("earl-aye") in modern performances. Publications in the 19th and early 20th century, however, did not note this was the case. Neither the field recordings of Richard Maitland by Alan Lomax (1939) nor those of several veteran sailors in Britain by James Madison Carpenter in the 1920s use this pronunciation. However, opera singer Leonard Warren recorded the song in July 1947 [27] and pronounced "earl-eye". Later, on his popular recording of 1956, Burl Ives also pronounced "earl-eye". Subsequently, Stan Hugill, whose influential Shanties from the Seven Seas was published in 1961, stated in that work that the word was "always" pronounced "earl-aye".
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Sharp, Cecil. 1914. English Folk-Chanteys. Pg. 66.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m Hugill, Stan. 1961. Shanties from the Seven Seas. London.
Jump up ^ Olmsted, F.A. 1841. Incidents of a Whaling Voyage. New York: D. Appleton & Co. pp. 115–6.
Jump up ^ Eckstorm, Fannie Hardy and Mary Winslow Smyth. 1927. Minstrelsy of Maine: Folk-songs and Ballads of the Woods and the Coast. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin.
Jump up ^ Dickens, Charles ed. 1855. "Two Dinner Failures". Household Words No. 256 (15 September 1855): 164–168.
Jump up ^ Davis, J. and Ferris Tozer. 1891. Sailor Songs or ‘Chanties’. Third edition (enlarged). Boosey & Co.
^ Jump up to: a b c Masefield, John. 1906. A Sailor’s Garland. Methuen & Co.
^ Jump up to: a b Whall, Captain W.B. 1910. Sea Songs and Shanties. Brown, Son and Ferguson.
Jump up ^ e.g. Williams, James H. “The Sailors’ ‘Chanties’". The Independent (8 July 1909):76–83.
Jump up ^ Various Artists. 2004. American Sea Songs & Shanties. Duncan Emrich, ed. The Library of Congress, Archive of Folk Culture. Rounder, CD, 18964-1519-2.
Jump up ^ Harlow, Frederick Pease. 1962. Chanteying Aboard American Ships. Barre, Mass.: Barre Publishing Co.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Terry, Richard Runciman. 1921. The Shanty Book, Part I. London: J. Curwen & Sons.
Jump up ^ Malden, Charles Herbert. 1905. Recollections of an Eton Colleger: 1898-1902. Eton College: Spotswood and Co. P.73
Jump up ^ "Truthful James". 1902. "Camp. A Prospect". Eton College Chronicle 977 (29 July 1902): 137.
Jump up ^ Bullen, Frank. T. and W.F. Arnold. 1914. Songs of Sea Labour. London: Orpheus Music Publishing. P. [#].
Jump up ^ Pound, Louise. 1915. "Folk-song of Nebraska and the Central West: A Syllabus". Nebraska Academy of Sciences Publications 9(3). p.152.
Jump up ^ Robert Shaw Chorale. 1961. Sea Shanties. Living Stereo. LP.
Jump up ^ Norman Luboff Choir, The. 1959. Songs of the British Isles. Columbia. LP.
Jump up ^ Belfast News Letter, Feb. 2012 "Irish Rovers Return with Titanic Tribute" - http://www.newsletter.co.uk/news/regional/irish-rovers-return-with-titanic-tribute-1-3557071
Jump up ^ Belfast Telegraph, Feb. 2012 "Video: Irish Rovers release Titanic tribute song" - http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/entertainment/music/news/video-irish-rovers-release-titanic-tribute-song-28719763.html
Jump up ^ Wheatley, Dennis. 1936. They Found Atlantis. Hutchinson & Co. P.180.
Jump up ^ Seeger, Pete. 1961. American Favorite Ballads Vol. 4. Folkways Records. LP.
Jump up ^ Ives, Burl. 1956. Down to the Sea in Ships. Decca. LP.
Jump up ^ Rise Up Singing (?)
Jump up ^ This lyric appears to have been circulated among folk song singers after Oscar Brand's bawdy song "The Captain's Daughter", on Boating Songs and All that Bilge (Elektra, 1960, LP). The chorus runs, "What do we do with the captain's daughter...earl-eye in the morning?"
Jump up ^ Charles S. Doskow. 2008. "What Do You Do With a Drunken Sailor? Reprehensibility, the Exxon Valdez and Punitive Damages" Express
Jump up ^ http://www.naxos.com/SharedFiles/pdf/rear/8.111345r.pdf#
Further reading[edit]
Stan Hugill, Shanties from the Seven Seas Mystic Seaport Museum 1994 ISBN 0-913372-70-6
External links[edit]
Wikiversity has learning resources about Drunken Sailor
Example version with lyrics.
Another example version with lyrics and alternative chorus.
An example of a high school male choir singing the version arranged by Robert Shaw and Alice Parker.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drunken_Sailor&oldid=835414181"
Categories:
19th-century songs
Sea shanties
Folk songs
Songs about alcohol
Children's songs
Roud Folk Song Index songs
Year of song unknown
Songwriter unknown
Hidden categories:
Articles with hAudio microformats
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Čeština
Deutsch
Euskara
Français
Italiano
Polski
Русский
Edit links
This page was last edited on 8 April 2018, at 15:40.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

tag: div

attr: id class

value: mw-page-base noprint

key: html

type: local

value: mw-head-base noprint

tag: a

attr: id class lang

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

tag: b

attr: href title

tag: p

attr: href class title

value:
/wiki/Sailing_ships
mw-redirect
Sailing ships

attr: role tabindex class

value: button 0 togglelink

tag: span

attr: class dir

value: toctitle ltr

attr: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attr: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help
mw-redirect
Wikipedia:Media help

value:
/wiki/Richard_Runciman_Terry
mw-redirect
Richard Runciman Terry

value:
/wiki/Norman_Luboff_Choir
mw-redirect
Norman Luboff Choir

value: Edit section: Notable recordings and performances

value:
/wiki/King%27s_Singers
mw-redirect
King's Singers

value:
/wiki/Irish_Rovers
mw-redirect
Irish Rovers

value: Category:Articles with hAudio microformats

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value:
/wiki/Drunken_Sailor
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

value: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

value: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

value: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

value: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

value: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

value: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

value: Permanent link to this revision of the page

value: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

value: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Drunken_Sailor rootpage-Drunken_Sailor skin-vector action-view


text:
Shalom
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the greeting, see shalom aleichem. For other uses, see Shalom (disambiguation).
This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (June 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Shalom in Hebrew
Shalom (Hebrew: שָׁלוֹם shalom; also spelled as sholom, sholem, sholoim, shulem) is a Hebrew word meaning peace, harmony, wholeness, completeness, prosperity, welfare and tranquility and can be used idiomatically to mean both hello and goodbye.[1][2][3]
As it does in English, it can refer to either peace between two entities (especially between man and God or between two countries), or to the well-being, welfare or safety of an individual or a group of individuals. Stendebach and Ringgren writes that a more thorough etymological analysis of Hebrew roots reveal that 'Lom was the basic root word for Shalom.[4][5][6][7][8] The word shalom is also found in many other expressions and names. Its equivalent cognate in Arabic is salaam, sliem in Maltese, Shlama in Syriac-Assyrian and sälam in Ethiopian Semitic languages from the Proto-Semitic root Š-L-M.
Contents
[hide]
1 Etymology
2 In expressions
3 Jewish religious principle
4 Use as name
4.1 Name for God
4.2 Name for people
4.3 Name of organizations
4.4 Name of synagogues or structures
4.5 Name of events
4.6 Other
5 See also
6 References
7 Sources
Etymology[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
In Hebrew, words are built on "roots", generally of three consonants. When the root consonants appear with various vowels and additional letters, a variety of words, often with some relation in meaning, can be formed from a single root. Thus from the root sh-l-m come the words shalom ("peace, well-being"), hishtalem ("it was worth it"), shulam ("paid for"), meshulam ("paid in advance"), and shalem ("safe, peaceful").
In translations of the Bible, shalom may be translated as peace (English), paz (Spanish and Portuguese), paix (French), pace (Italian), or pax (Latin). The concept of peace is important in Christianity.
Biblically, shalom is seen in reference to the well-being of others (Genesis 43:27, Exodus 4:18), to treaties (I Kings 5:12), and in prayer for the wellbeing of cities or nations (Psalm 122:6, Jeremiah 29:7).
The meaning of completeness, central to the term shalom, can also be confirmed in related terms found in other Semitic languages. The Assyrian term salamu means to be complete, unharmed, paid/atoned. Sulmu, another Assyrian term, means welfare. A closer relation to the idea of shalom as concept and action is seen in the Arabic root salaam, meaning to be safe, secure and forgiven, among other things.
In expressions[edit]
The word "shalom" can be used for all parts of speech; as a noun, adjective, verb, adverb, and interjection. It categorizes all shaloms. The word shalom is used in a variety of expressions and contexts in Hebrew speech and writing:
Shalom aleichem (שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם; "well-being be upon you" or "may you be well"), this expression is used to greet others and is a Hebrew equivalent of "hello". Also, for example: "shabat shalom!" The appropriate response to such a greeting is "upon you be well-being" ( עֲלֵיכֶם שָׁלוֹם, aleichem shalom). This is a cognate of the Arabic Assalamu alaikum. On Erev Shabbat (Sabbath eve), Jewish people have a custom of singing a song which is called Shalom aleichem, before the Kiddush over wine of the Shabbat dinner is recited.
In the Gospels, Jesus often uses the greeting "Peace be unto you" (e.g., Matt 10:12), a translation of shalom aleichem. See Pax (liturgy).
Shalom by itself is a very common abbreviation and it is used in Modern Israeli Hebrew as a greeting, to which the common reply is, Shalom, Shalom. It is also used as a farewell. In this way it is similar to the Hawaiian aloha, the English good evening and the Indian namaste. Also in Israel, "bye" (English) and "yallah bye" (a mixture of Arabic and English) is popular. Shalom is also used by Jewish people around the world, and even by many non-Jewish people.
Shabbat shalom (שַׁבָּת שָׁלוֹם) is a common greeting used on Shabbat. This is most prominent in areas with Mizrahi, Sephardi, or modern Israeli influence. Many Ashkenazi communities in the Jewish diaspora use Yiddish Gut shabbes in preference or interchangeably.
Ma sh'lom'cha (מַה שְׁלוֹמְךָ; "what is your well-being/peace?") is a Hebrew equivalent of the English "how are you?". This is the form addressed to an individual male. The form for addressing an individual female is Ma sh'lomech? For addressing several females, Ma sh'lomchen? For a group of males or a mixed-gender group, Ma sh'lomchem?
Alav hashalom (עָלָיו הַשָּׁלוֹם; "upon him is peace") is a phrase used in some Jewish communities, especially Ashkenazi ones, after mentioning the name of a deceased respected individual.
Oseh shalom is the part of a passage commonly found as a concluding sentence in much Jewish liturgy (including the birkat hamazon, kaddish and personal amidah prayers). The full sentence is עוֹשֶׂה שָׁלוֹם בִּמְרוֹמָיו, הוּא יַעֲשֶׂה שָׁלוֹם עַלֵינוּ, וְעַל כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאִמְרוּ אָמֵן (Oseh shalom bimromav, hu ya'aseh shalom aleynu, ve'al kol Yisrael ve'imru amen), which translates to English as "He who makes peace in His heights may He make peace upon us and upon all Israel; and say, Amen." It originates from Job 25:2.[9]
U.S. President Bill Clinton ended his eulogy for Yitzhak Rabin with the words Shalom, chaver (Goodbye, friend).
Jewish religious principle[edit]
In Judaism, Shalom (peace), is one of the underlying principles of the Torah: "Her ways are pleasant ways and all her paths are shalom (peace)".[10]" The Talmud explains, "The entire Torah is for the sake of the ways of shalom".[11] Maimonides comments in his Mishneh Torah: "Great is peace, as the whole Torah was given in order to promote peace in the world, as it is stated, 'Her ways are pleasant ways and all her paths are peace'".[12]
In the book Not the Way It's Supposed to Be: A Breviary of Sin, author Cornelius Plantinga described the Old Testament concept of shalom:
The webbing together of God, humans, and all creation in justice, fulfillment, and delight is what the Hebrew prophets call shalom. We call it peace but it means far more than mere peace of mind or a cease-fire between enemies. In the Bible, shalom means universal flourishing, wholeness and delight – a rich state of affairs in which natural needs are satisfied and natural gifts fruitfully employed, a state of affairs that inspires joyful wonder as its Creator and Savior opens doors and welcomes the creatures in whom he delights. Shalom, in other words, is the way things ought to be.[13]
Use as name[edit]
Name for God[edit]
The Talmud says, "the name of God is 'Peace'", therefore, one is not permitted to greet another with the word shalom in places such as a bathroom.[14]
Biblical references make many Christians teach that "Shalom" is one of the sacred names of God.[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]
Name for people[edit]
Shalom is also common in modern Hebrew in Israel, as a given name or a surname. It is usually used by men as a given name but there are women named Shalom as well such as the model Shalom Harlow.
The name Shlomo, (from Solomon, שלמה).
Related male names include Shlomi.
Related female names include Shulamit, Shulamith, Shlomtzion or Shlomzion and Salome and Shlomith.
Sholem Aleichem was the pseudonym of Shalom Rabinowitz, whose work, Tevye and his Daughters, formed the basis for Fiddler on the Roof.
Name of organizations[edit]
Shalom can be part of an organization's name.
For example, the names of the following organizations and places refer to "peace" between Israel and its Arab neighbors:
Brit Tzedek v'Shalom
Brit Shalom
Gush Shalom
Hevel Shalom
Neve Shalom
Shalom Achshav
Shalom Sesame
Name of synagogues or structures[edit]
Shalom is used as part of other names, such as for synagogues, as in:
Beth Sholom Synagogue in Elkins Park, Pennsylvania designed by famed architect, Frank Lloyd Wright
Neve Shalom Synagogue in İstanbul, Turkey
Shalom BC, Jewish Information and Referrals in Vancouver, Canada
Shalom Park in Charlotte, North Carolina and Denver, Colorado
Shalom Meir Tower in Tel Aviv, Israel
Shalom Christian Academy in Marion, Pennsylvania
Temple Shalom (Middletown, Rhode Island)
Valley Beth Shalom in Encino, California
Shalom Sports Center in Ibaraki, Japan.
Name of events[edit]
The 1982 Lebanon War is known in Hebrew as Milchemet Shalom Hagalil (Hebrew: מלחמת שלום הגליל), which means in English, "The War for the Shalom (or Well-Being) of the Galilee".
Other[edit]
SS Shalom, an ocean liner operated by Zim Lines, Israel 1964–1967.
Şalom is a Jewish weekly newspaper published in İstanbul, Turkey in Turkish and one page in Ladino (Judaeo-Spanish). (The Turkish letter ş is pronounced /ʃ/, like English sh or Hebrew ש.)
"Shalom" is a song by Voltaire, on the CD The Devil's Bris.
"Shalom" is a song by THePETEBOX.
See also[edit]
Aloha has a similar meaning
Ciao
Greeting
Inner peace
Mahalo has a similar meaning
Namaste has a similar meaning
Peace has a similar meaning
S-L-M (Salaam)
Salaam/Od Yavo Shalom Aleinu, song of Mosh Ben Ari
Salama in the Makua language has a similar meaning
Salute
Shlama
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Glamour of the Grammar[dead link] in the Jerusalem Post
Jump up ^ "Blue Letter Bible".
Jump up ^ "Old Testament Hebrew Lexicon". Bible Study Tools.
Jump up ^ "A thorough etymological analysis of the Hebrew roots and their derivatives reveal that 'Lom was the basic root word for Shalom and appears in other languages in similar forms." (Botterweck, Ringgren, and Fabry, Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, Volume XV, pg 13-49, F.J. Stendebach, Helmer Ringgren, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2004, ISBN 0802823378)
Jump up ^ "lm. . . SHALOM; SHALOM ALEICHEM, from Hebrew lm, well-being, peace." Appendix II, The Appendix of Semitic Roots, The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, 2000, Houghton Mifflin Company.
Jump up ^ Gehman, Henry Snyder. "'Επισκέπομαι, ἐπίσκεψις, ἐπίσκοπος, and ἐπισκοπή: In the Septuagint in Relation to פקד and Other Hebrew Roots: A Case of Semantic Development Similar to That of Hebrew." Vetus Testamentum (1972): 197-207.
Jump up ^ Segal, J. B. "Neo-Aramaic Proverbs of the Jews of Zakho", Journal of Near Eastern Studies (1955): 251-270.
Jump up ^ De Jassy, O. Neufchotz. "The Mythological Hebrew Terms Explained by the Sanskrit." The Monist (1908): 126-142.
Jump up ^ Rabbis Drs. Andrew Goldstein & Charles H Middleburgh, ed. (2003). Machzor Ruach Chadashah (in English and Hebrew). Liberal Judaism.
Jump up ^ Proverbs 3:17
Jump up ^ Talmud, Gittin 59b
Jump up ^ Maimonides, Mishneh Torah, The Laws of Chanukah 4:14
Jump up ^ "Shalom: The Real Utopia".
Jump up ^ Shabbat 10b from Judges 6:24
Jump up ^ Stone, Nathan J. Names of God, pg. 6, Moody Publishers, 1987
Jump up ^ "The Names of God: Jehovah Shalom". blogs.blueletterbible.org.
Jump up ^ Fanning, Don. "Theology Proper," pg. 25(2009).
Jump up ^ F.E. Marsh dealing with the comprehensiveness of the word shalom is the personification of Peace...and a name of God, Lockyer, Herbert. All the Divine Names and Titles in the Bible. pg. 41, 47, Zondervan, 1988
Jump up ^ Hemphill, Ken. "How Excellent are Thy Names," Christianity Today 45.13 (2001): 95-97
Jump up ^ Diamond, James Arthur. Converts, Heretics, and Lepers: Maimonides and the Outsider. University of Notre Dame Press, 2007
Jump up ^ Trepp, Leo. "Jeremiah and We." European Judaism: A Journal for the New Europe, Vol. 27, No.1, Bergham Books (1994): 29-36
Jump up ^ Spangler, Ann, ed. GW, Names of God Bible. Pg. 81, Baker Books, 2011
Jump up ^ Williams, Cathy Q. "Black Online, Doctoral Psychology Graduates' Academic Achievement: A Phenomenological Self-Directed Learning Perspective." (2015)
Jump up ^ Spangler, Ann. Praying the names of God: a daily guide. Pg. 9, Zondervan, 2004
Sources[edit]
Eirene, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and other Early Christian Literature (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2000).
Eirene, shalóm, and shalám, Nueva Concordancia Strong Exhaustiva (Miami, FL: Editorial Caribe, 2002).
Eirene, shalom, and shalam, The New Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1990).
Paz, Diccionario de la Lengua Española (Madrid, Spain: Real Academia Española, 2001).
Paz, Nuevo Diccionario Bíblico (Downers Grove, IL: Ediciones Certeza, 1991).
Shalom, The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, 2003)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shalom&oldid=835268822"
Categories:
Greeting words and phrases
Hebrew words and phrases
Judaism and peace
Parting phrases
Hidden categories:
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from September 2017
CS1 Hebrew-language sources (he)
Articles that may contain original research from June 2009
All articles that may contain original research
Articles containing Hebrew-language text
Articles needing additional references from December 2016
All articles needing additional references
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Aragonés
Català
Čeština
Corsu
Davvisámegiella
Deutsch
Ελληνικά
Español
Français
Frysk
Galego
한국어
Հայերեն
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
Lietuvių
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
日本語
Napulitano
Norsk
Occitan
Pälzisch
Polski
Português
Русский
Simple English
Slovenščina
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
தமிழ்
ไทย
Українська
Vèneto
Walon
中文
30 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 7 April 2018, at 16:56.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

value: mw-page-base noprint

value: mw-head-base noprint

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value:
/wiki/Shalom_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Shalom (disambiguation)

attr: role class

value:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

tag: img

tag: td

attr: class href

tag: small

value: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research

value: font-size: 115%; font-family: 'Ezra SIL', 'Ezra SIL SR', 'Keter Aram Tsova', 'Taamey Ashkenaz', 'Taamey David CLM', 'Taamey Frank CLM', 'Frenk Ruehl CLM', 'Keter YG', 'Shofar', 'David CLM', 'Hadasim CLM', 'Simple CLM', 'Nachlieli', 'SBL BibLit', 'SBL Hebrew', Cardo, Alef, 'Noto Serif Hebrew', 'Noto Sans Hebrew', 'David Libre', David, 'Times New Roman', Gisha, Arial, FreeSerif, FreeSans;

value:
/wiki/Arabic_language
mw-redirect
Arabic language

value: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

value: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced

value:
/wiki/Assalamu_alaikum
mw-redirect
Assalamu alaikum

value:
/wiki/Shalom_aleichem_(liturgy)
mw-redirect
Shalom aleichem (liturgy)

value:
/wiki/Shabbat_dinner
mw-redirect
Shabbat dinner

value:
/wiki/Good_evening
mw-redirect
Good evening

value:
/wiki/Yiddish_language
mw-redirect
Yiddish language

value: Edit section: Jewish religious principle

value:
/wiki/Shulamit_(disambiguation)
mw-redirect mw-disambig
Shulamit (disambiguation)

value:
/wiki/Shulamith_(disambiguation)
mw-redirect
Shulamith (disambiguation)

value:
/wiki/Shlomtzion_(disambiguation)
mw-redirect mw-disambig
Shlomtzion (disambiguation)

value:
/wiki/Shalom_Achshav
mw-redirect
Shalom Achshav

value: Edit section: Name of synagogues or structures

value: Beth Sholom Congregation (Elkins Park, Pennsylvania)

value: Shalom BC, Jewish Information and Referrals (page does not exist)

value:
/wiki/Vancouver,_Canada
mw-redirect
Vancouver, Canada

value:
/wiki/Denver,_Colorado
mw-redirect
Denver, Colorado

value: Shalom Christian Academy (page does not exist)

value:
/wiki/Encino,_California
mw-redirect
Encino, California

value:
/wiki/Voltaire_(musician)
mw-redirect
Voltaire (musician)

value:
/wiki/Mahalo_(word)
mw-redirect
Mahalo (word)

value:
/wiki/Mosh_Ben_Ari
mw-redirect
Mosh Ben Ari

value: border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; border: 0; background:transparent; width:70%;

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.jpost.com

value: Category:All articles with dead external links

value: Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2017

value: Category:CS1 Hebrew-language sources (he)

value: Category:Articles that may contain original research from June 2009

value: Category:All articles that may contain original research

value: Category:Articles containing Hebrew-language text

value: Category:Articles needing additional references from December 2016

value: Category:All articles needing additional references

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value:
/wiki/Shalom
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value:
/w/index.php?title=Shalom&action=edit
Edit this page [ctrl-alt-e]
e

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value:
https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalom
Shalom – Aragonese
an
an
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-an
display: none;

value:
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xalom
Xalom – Catalan
ca
ca
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

value:
https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalom
Shalom – Corsican
co
co
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-co
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-se
display: none;

value: Σαλόμ – Greek

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

value:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalom
Shalom – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

value:
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalom
Shalom – French
fr
fr
interlanguage-link-target

value:
https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjalom
Sjalom – Western Frisian
fy
fy
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fy
display: none;

value:
https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalom
Shalom – Galician
gl
gl
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

value:
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalom
Shalom – Indonesian
id
id
interlanguage-link-target

value:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalom
Shalom – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

value:
https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalom
Shalom – Malay
ms
ms
interlanguage-link-target

value:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjalom
Sjalom – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

value:
https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalom
Shalom – Neapolitan
nap
nap
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nap
display: none;

value:
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalom
Shalom – Norwegian
no
no
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

value:
https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalom
Shalom – Occitan
oc
oc
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-oc
display: none;

value:
https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schalom
Schalom – Palatine German
pfl
pfl
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl
display: none;

value:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szalom
Szalom – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

value:
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalom
Shalom – Portuguese
pt
pt
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

value:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalom
Shalom – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

value: சலோம் – Tamil

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta
display: none;

value: ชาลอม – Thai

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

value:
https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalom
Shalom – Venetian
vec
vec
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vec
display: none;

value:
https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalom
Shalom – Walloon
wa
wa
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-wa
display: none;

value: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

value: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

value: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

value:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Shalom rootpage-Shalom skin-vector action-view