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Susan Lewis
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Susan Lewis
Sherry Stringfield as Susan Lewis
First appearance
September 19, 1994
(1x01, "24 Hours")
Last appearance
April 2, 2009
(15x22, "And In The End")
Portrayed by
Sherry Stringfield
Duration
1994–96, 2001–05, 2009
Information
Nickname(s)
Susie
Occupation
Emergency Physician
Title
Resident (1994–1996)
Attending (2001–2005)
Chief of Emergency Medicine (2003–2005)
Family
Henry Lewis (father)
Cookie Lewis (mother)
Chloe Lewis (sister)
Spouse(s)
Chuck Martin (ex-husband)
Children
Cosmo Martin (son, with Chuck)
Relatives
Little Susie (niece)
Dr. Susan Lewis, played by Sherry Stringfield, is a fictional doctor on the television show ER.
Susan is one of ER's original characters, first seen in Season 1 as an eager resident. She left County General Hospital and the series in Season 3, but returned five seasons later as an attending physician in Season 8. Susan Lewis eventually checked out of the ER for good in 2005 at the beginning of Season 12, having been passed over for tenure in favor of John Carter by Kerry Weaver. She was offered a tenured position at a hospital in Iowa. She returned in the final episode. Susan is left handed.
Contents
[hide]
1 Seasons 1–3 First Departure (1994–1996)
2 Seasons 8–12 and second departure (2001–2005)
3 Season 15 Return in The End (2009)
4 References
Seasons 1–3 First Departure (1994–1996)[edit]
In Season 1, Susan is a second year resident. She is shown to be an eager and competent young doctor working in the emergency department of County General Hospital. She is good friends with Nurse Carol Hathaway, Dr. Doug Ross and especially Dr. Mark Greene, who is her best friend.
Though an extremely capable doctor, Susan is initially seen to have problems asserting herself. This is frequently taken advantage of by the senior and more forthright doctors in the hospital, such as Dr. Peter Benton and particularly Dr. Jack Kayson. This leads to several confrontations, and animosity worsens when Kayson discharges one of Susan's patients, failing to notice the severity of his symptoms, which ultimately leads to the patient's death. Kayson tries to deflect the blame onto Susan and her competence is questioned. Her superior, Mark, is forced to monitor her every move and their friendship is put under strain as a result. During the case review, however, the board rules in Susan's favor and reprimands Kayson—much to his chagrin. Shortly after, Kayson is rushed into hospital suffering from a heart attack. Despite their past disagreement on the issue, Kayson opts for Susan's non-invasive form of treatment against the advice of a senior doctor, who (like Kayson) is an advocate of surgical angioplasty. Finally asserting herself, Susan stands her ground and refuses to allow Kayson to be treated surgically. Following his recovery, Kayson shows his gratitude by asking Susan to be his valentine date, which she awkwardly declines.
Susan's personal life is far less settled than her professional one. In Season 1, she is seen to have a brief relationship with psychiatrist Div Cvetic, who ultimately has a nervous breakdown and disappears. Susan later learns that he married someone he met through a dating service, run by a taxi driver from his cab. Most of her problems, however, are family-related. Susan's parents, Cookie and Henry, are shown to be flighty (her father is jokingly referred to as a test pilot for Barcalounger) and difficult to talk to. Her older sister, Chloe, is the source of most of her distress, with a seemingly never ending series of problems with alcohol, drugs, men, and money.
Susan as she appeared in 1996.
Chloe eventually has a baby girl, who she names Susan ("Little Susie") after her sister. During Season 2 however, Chloe begins to use alcohol and drugs once again. After deciding that she cannot look after her baby, she leaves Chicago, abandoning Susie on a flustered and overworked Susan, who struggles to be a good mother to the child while completing her demanding residency. Already overstressed, Susan clashes with the new Chief Resident, Kerry Weaver, numerous times, forcing Mark Greene to step in between them. Animosity between Kerry and Susan lessens over time, but never goes away completely.
Realizing that Chloe may never return, Susan considers giving Susie up for adoption. She gets as far as introducing the baby to potential adoptive parents, but cannot bring herself to part with her niece, so she decides to keep her and adopt the child as her own. Susan grows extremely attached to the baby, but she gets a surprise when a reformed Chloe reappears later in the season and tries to reclaim "little Susie". Susan can't see past Chloe's mistakes, regardless of her recent turnaround and new responsible boyfriend. Desperate to keep the baby, Susan attempts to fight Chloe for custody, but is forced to reconsider when the judge warns her that she would lose. Susan begrudgingly reaches an agreement with her sister, and after regaining custody of "little Susie", Chloe moves her family to Phoenix, Arizona to start a new life. Susan struggles to cope with the loss of her niece and goes through a period of grief and counseling. She throws herself into her work to escape her feelings of loneliness, which manages to impress Weaver and, with Mark's encouragement, Kerry agrees to offer Susan the position of chief resident (she promises to support Susan's promotion if Mark recommends her as County's new attending physician). Much of the ER staff hoped Susan could achieve that title, but Susan turns the position down, later telling Mark that there is more to life than work.
Setting up Sherry Stringfield's departure from the series in Season 3, the beginnings of a romance appears to develop between Susan and Mark, or more to the point, they are shown to have problems identifying their current relationship as friendship. Both seem timid and cautious around each other. Initially more upfront about the situation, Susan invites Mark to join her on holiday in Maui, Hawaii, but is embarrassed when he appears hesitant, and later retracts the offer, feeling she overstepped a boundary. Fearful that he may have missed his chance with Susan, Mark attempts to convey his attraction towards her upon her return, though he cannot find the courage to follow through and is left perplexed by Susan's reticence. It transpires that Susan never actually made it to Maui, she instead visited her sister and "little Susie" in Phoenix as she could not overcome her fear of flying. Mark helps her overcome this fear in the following episode ("Fear of Flying"), supporting her during a helicopter flight rotation where they are called upon to treat victims of a serious motor accident. As they grow closer, Mark finally plucks up the courage to casually ask Susan out, however she declines, telling him that they "need to talk". Shortly after, Mark witnesses Susan in numerous secret talks with the ER's chief of emergency medicine, David Morgenstern, and concludes that they are seeing each other. He confronts Susan, but she reveals that Morgenstern was merely helping her to transfer her residency. Desperately missing her niece, Susan had made the decision to move to Phoenix to be near her sister's family. During a hectic last day for Susan at County's ER, Mark struggles with her imminent departure, but still finds himself afraid to admit his true feelings for her. The hospital staff arrange a leaving party for Susan, but it is canceled due to an influx of critical patients from a motoring accident. Susan leaves the hospital unable to say goodbye to Mark, who was busy working on a trauma patient. She departs the season on a train in the episode 'Union Station', discovering Mark's true feelings for her as he catches her before she gets aboard, pleading with her to stay because he loves her. Despite Mark laying his heart on the line, Susan doesn't see a future in Chicago or with him. She kisses him and says "I love you, too" as the train departs.
Seasons 8–12 and second departure (2001–2005)[edit]
Susan returns during Season 8 as she left, shown to arrive on a train into Chicago to interview for a job. Susan visits County General for the first time in 5 years and sees the hospital has changed as well as the faces. She meets Mark for coffee and reveals that Chloe has moved on to another city, and she has decided that she can't follow her sister's family around forever. Mark offers her a job as an attending physician at County General, despite Kerry Weaver's reservations – the two never got along when they worked together before.
Susan returns to County (2001).
During Season 8 Susan has a brief relationship with Dr. John Carter after they both admit that they had a crush on each other when he was a medical student and she was a resident – it doesn't last, as Susan realizes in the episode Secrets and Lies, that Carter is really in love with Abby Lockhart. She then tells Carter to "tell her" about his feelings. The two both break up on good terms and remain good friends throughout the rest of her career at County. Her problems with Chloe resurface when her niece Susie goes missing in New York after leaving a distressing voicemail message on her aunt's phone. Susan flies to New York (in a crossover with Third Watch) and discovers Chloe doped up, sleeping rough. Towards the end of the season, Susan faces one of her most difficult story lines, as her best friend Mark Greene reveals to her that his brain tumor has returned. The two rekindled their close friendship as she helps him come to terms with his diagnosis. Susan is alluded to in Mark's goodbye letter in The Letter when Mark comments that he had to leave the way he did, even though there were things of a more personal nature to say. After her best friend's death, Susan warmed up to other friendships in the ER with Abby Lockhart and Elizabeth Corday, and was able to work better with her old colleague Kerry Weaver. Dr. Romano also promoted her to Deputy Chief of Emergency Medicine much to Kerry Weaver's dismay.
Into Season 9, Susan meets a flight nurse named Chuck Martin (played by Donal Logue) on a plane to Las Vegas. They both get drunk upon arrival and end up getting married in Vegas. They quickly have the marriage annulled once they return to Chicago, but eventually start dating again, and Susan becomes pregnant. She is finally promoted to the position of Chief of Emergency Medicine after Robert Romano dies in Season 10. While other pregnant characters had given birth on the show, at the time, Susan's was the first major birth offscreen, with her giving birth sometime between Seasons 10 and 11 (and being placed on bedrest amid concerns of preterm labor). Chuck ends up caring for their baby boy Cosmo as a stay-at-home parent while Susan works.
Into Season 11, Susan begins to build some anxiety about the upcoming tenure offer. It ultimately goes to her friend John Carter, due to her lack of grant funding, finally leading to her final exit from the series at the beginning of Season 12 in the episode Canon City. Susan is offered a tenure track position at a hospital in Iowa City, Iowa (presumably University of Iowa). Technically, Stringfield was the first and last original cast member to leave the show. (Being the first to leave in 1996, then in 2005 after the rest of the original cast left.)
Season 15 Return in The End (2009)[edit]
In the season 15 episode The Book of Abby, long-serving nurse Haleh Adams shows the departing Abby Lockhart a closet wall where all the past doctors and employees have put their locker name tags. Amongst them, the tag "Lewis" can be seen.
Dr. Susan Lewis returned for the series finale titled "And in the End...", returning to Chicago for the opening of The Carter Center. During evening drinks with Peter Benton, John Carter, Kerry Weaver, Elizabeth Corday, and Rachel Greene, Susan is heard confirming to Dr. Corday that she still lives in Iowa. Additionally, she states that she and Chuck have split and she is now dating again. She eventually returns to the ER for the last time in the series with Rachel Greene and Carter, where she visits and jokes with the staff, much to the annoyance of Dr. Banfield who interrupts the talk by asking Susan who she is.
Other offices
Preceded by
Robert Romano Chief of Emergency Medicine
2004–2005 Succeeded by
Luka Kovač
References[edit]
[hide]
v
t
e
ER
Characters
Main
John Carter
Kerry Weaver
Abby Lockhart
Luka Kovač
Mark Greene
Peter Benton
Robert Romano
Elizabeth Corday
Susan Lewis
Greg Pratt
Carol Hathaway
Neela Rasgotra
Samantha Taggart
Jing-Mei Chen
Archie Morris
Doug Ross
Jeanie Boulet
Tony Gates
Cleo Finch
Dave Malucci
Lucy Knight
Anna Del Amico
Catherine Banfield
Supporting
Doctors
Nurses
Non-medical staff
Family members and friends
Seasons
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Episodes
"Love's Labor Lost"
"On the Beach"
"The Show Must Go On"
"Strange Bedfellows"
"No Place to Hide"
"There Are No Angels Here"
"The Gallant Hero and the Tragic Victor"
"Twenty-One Guns"
"And in the End..."
Related
Cast
Awards and nominations
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The Room on the Roof
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The Room on the Roof
1987 edition cover
Author
Ruskin Bond
Original title
The Room on the Roof
Country
India
Language
English
Genre
Fiction
Publisher
Coward-McCann (original)[1]
Penguin Books (current)
Publication date
1956
Media type
Paperback
Pages
160 pages (first edition)[1]
ISBN
0140107835
OCLC
1579534
Preceded by
N/A
Followed by
Vagrants in the Valley
The Room on the Roof is a novel written by Ruskin Bond. It was Bond's first literary venture. Bond wrote the novel when he was seventeen[2] and won the John Llewellyn Rhys Memorial Prize in 1957.[2][3]. The novel revolves around Rusty, an orphaned seventeen-year-old Anglo-Indian boy living in Dehradun. Due to his guardian, Mr. Harrison's strict ways, he runs away from his home to live with his Indian friends.
Contents
[hide]
1 Summary
2 Characters
3 Critical reception
4 References
Summary[edit]
This a story of an orphaned boy, Rusty, from the Anglo-Indian descent, living in a European colony in Dehradun with his guardian Mr. Harrison, who wants him to stay away from Indians and groom him as a pure Englishman. However, in this process Harrison’s stringent behaviour perturbs Rusty’s flourishing teenage years. On the evening of Holi when Rusty returns home dirtily smeared in colours, the guardian begins beating him brutally, and then Rusty unable to control his pent-up frustration pays him back by assaulting his guardian violently.
A group of young local Indian boys helps him with small needs and he befriends all of them. While seeing many things about India such as customs, bazaars and diversity, he feels good about being in India. To sustain of his own, from the group, Somi arranges Rusty for a job in Mr. Kapoor’s house to teach English lessons to their son, Kishen. In return, he gets free food and a room on the roof to live in. Mr. Kapoor is a big-time drunkard and around twenty years older than his beautiful wife, Meena. There Rusty falls in love with Kishen’s mother Mrs. Meena Kapoor. However, when Meena dies Rusty becomes sad and alone and Kishen goes to Haridwar only to become a thief.
Characters[edit]
Rusty: The main protagonist of the book, a 17 year old Anglo-Indian.
John Harrision-Rusty's guardian
Mrs Harrision-Mr Harrision's spouse
Kishen : A boy living in Rusty's neighbourhood.
Mrs. Meena Kapoor : Kishen's mother.
Mr. Kapoor : Kishen's father.
Somi : A Punjabi boy , Rusty's friend
Ranbir : A muscular boy and the best wrestler in the bazaar.
Suri : A bespectacled and bony boy and Somi's friend.
Prickly Heat : Suri's dog
Critical reception[edit]
Upon release, the book received positive reviews. Santha Rama Rau of The New York Times commented "Like an Indian bazaar itself, the book is filled with the smells, sights, sounds, confusion and subtle organization of ordinary Indian life". Herald Tribune said that the book "has a special magic of its own". San Francisco Chronicle said that the book has "considerable charm and spontaneity". The Guardian called the book "very engaging". The Scotsman commented "Moving in its simplicity and underlying tenderness...a novel of marked originality". The New Statesman said that "Mr Bond is a writer of great gifts".[4] The Hindu said that "This story keeps you hooked with the many unexpected incidents... It’s a book worth reading! It will be enjoyed by readers greatly".[3]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b The Room on the Roof - Google Books. Google. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Room on the Roof - Amazon.in". Amazon.in. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "THE ROOM ON THE ROOF by Ruskin Bond". The Hindu. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "The Room on the Roof and Vagrants in the Valley" by Ruskin Bond". AbeBooks. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Room_on_the_Roof&oldid=827367624"
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Puff, the Magic Dragon
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the song. For the film, see Puff the Magic Dragon (film). For the airplane, see Douglas AC-47 Spooky.
"Puff, the Magic Dragon"
Single by Peter, Paul and Mary
from the album Moving
Released
January 1963
Format
Vinyl single
Recorded
1962
Genre
Folk, pop
Length
3:20
Label
Warner Music Group
Songwriter(s)
Leonard Lipton
Peter Yarrow
Producer(s)
Albert Grossman
Peter, Paul and Mary singles chronology
"If I Had a Hammer"
(1962) "Puff, the Magic Dragon"
(1963) "500 Miles"
(1963)
"If I Had a Hammer"
(1962) "Puff, the Magic Dragon"
(1963) "500 Miles"
(1963)
"Puff, the Magic Dragon" (or "Puff") is a song written by Leonard Lipton and Peter Yarrow, and made popular by Yarrow's group Peter, Paul and Mary in a 1963 recording.
Lipton wrote a poem in 1959;[1] Yarrow found it and wrote the lyrics based on the poem. After the song was released, Yarrow searched for Lipton and gave him half credit for the song.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Lyrics
2 Speculation about drug references
3 Notable recordings
4 Adaptations
5 Parodies
6 Vietnam War-era gunship
7 Cultural references
8 International versions
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Lyrics[edit]
The lyrics for "Puff, the Magic Dragon" are based on a 1959 poem by Leonard Lipton, then a 19-year-old Cornell University student.[3] Lipton was inspired by an Ogden Nash poem titled "Custard the Dragon", about a "realio, trulio little pet dragon".[4]
The lyrics tell a story of the ageless dragon Puff and his playmate, Jackie Paper, a little boy who grows up and loses interest in the imaginary adventures of childhood and leaves Puff to be with himself. (The line "A dragon lives forever, but not so little boys" is generally thought to imply only that "little Jackie Paper" grew up.) The story of the song takes place "by the sea" in the fictional land of "Honalee".
Lipton was friends with Peter Yarrow's housemate when they were all students at Cornell. He used Yarrow's typewriter to get the poem out of his head. He then forgot about it until years later, when a friend called and told him Yarrow was looking for him, to give him credit for the lyrics. On making contact Yarrow gave Lipton half the songwriting credit, and he still gets royalties from the song.
In an effort to be gender-neutral, Yarrow now sings the line "A dragon lives forever, but not so little boys" as "A dragon lives forever, but not so girls and boys."[5] The original poem also had a verse that did not make it into the song. In it, Puff found another child and played with him after returning. Neither Yarrow nor Lipton remembers the verse in any detail, and the paper that was left in Yarrow's typewriter in 1958 has since been lost.[6]
In 1961, Peter Yarrow joined Paul Stookey and Mary Travers to form Peter, Paul and Mary. The group incorporated the song into their live performances before recording it in 1962; their 1962 recording of "Puff the Magic Dragon" reached number two on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and spent two weeks atop the Billboard easy listening chart in early 1963.[7] It also reached number ten on Billboard's R&B chart.
Speculation about drug references[edit]
After the song's initial success, speculation arose — as early as a 1964 article in Newsweek — that the song contained veiled references to smoking marijuana.[8] The word "paper" in the name of Puff's human friend (Jackie Paper) was said to be a reference to rolling papers, and the word "dragon" was interpreted as "draggin'," i.e. inhaling smoke; similarly, the name "Puff" was alleged to be a reference to taking a "puff" on a joint. The supposition was claimed to be common knowledge in a letter by a member of the public to The New York Times in 1984.[9]
The authors of the song have repeatedly rejected this interpretation and have strongly and consistently denied that they intended any references to drug use.[10] Leonard Lipton has stated "Puff the Magic Dragon is not about drugs."[11] Peter Yarrow has frequently explained that the song is about the hardships of growing older and has no relationship to drug-taking.[12][13] He has also said of the song that it "never had any meaning other than the obvious one" and is about the "loss of innocence in children",[14] and dismissed the suggestion of association with drugs as "sloppy research".[15]
In 1973, Yarrow's bandmate Paul Stookey of Peter, Paul and Mary also upheld the song's innocence. He recorded a version of the song at the Sydney Opera House in March 1973,[16] in which he set up a fictitious trial scene. The Prosecutor accused the song of being about marijuana, but Puff and Jackie protested. The judge finally left the case to the jury (the Opera House audience) and said if they will sing along with the song, it would be acquitted. The audience joined in with Stookey, and at the end of their sing-along, the judge declared: "case dismissed."[17]
Notable recordings[edit]
Peter, Paul and Mary (1963) - Entered the top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100 charts on March 30, 1963 and peaked at No. 2. Topped Billboard's Adult Contemporary charts.[18]
Nina & Frederik (1963)[19]
Glen Campbell - instrumental version for his album The Astounding 12-String Guitar of Glen Campbell (1964)
Trini Lopez - recorded for The Folk Album (1965)[20]
Connie Francis - included in her album Connie Francis and The Kids Next Door (1966)
Bing Crosby - included in his album Thoroughly Modern Bing (1968)
The Mike Sammes Singers (1970)[21]
Slim Whitman - recorded for his album Ghost Riders in the Sky (1978)
Genevieve Jereb - recorded for her album Cool Bananas (2004)
Adaptations[edit]
A 1978 animated television special, Puff the Magic Dragon, adapted the song. It was followed by two sequels, Puff the Magic Dragon in the Land of the Living Lies and Puff and the Incredible Mr. Nobody. In all three films Burgess Meredith voiced Puff. In December 2016, it was announced that Fox Animation will produce a live-action/animation film based on the song with Mike Mitchell as director.[22]
The song was adapted for a children's pantomime, which played at Sydney's Seymour Centre in 1983.[23]
A 2007 book adaptation of the song's lyrics by Yarrow, Lipton, and illustrator Eric Puybaret gives the story a happier ending with a young girl (presumed by reviewers to be Jackie Paper's daughter)[24] seeking out Puff to become her new companion. The lyrics remain unchanged from the Peter Paul and Mary version; the young girl is only seen in the pictures by illustrator Puybaret. On the last page of the book, she is introduced to Puff by an older Jackie Paper.
The tune was used in the promotional LP Push the Magic Button for the track with the same name by Versatec, a computer printer company[25]
Parodies[edit]
In the mid 1970s an American Jewish band named Ruach created a parody version of the song entitled "Puff the Kosher Dragon". In the course of the song, Kosher Puff eats kosher food, has a Bar Mitzvah, fights anti-semites and finally marries and brings up his children as loyal members of the faith.[26] The Ruach song has been noted[27] as one of the first examples of a modern Jewish band using a popular secular tune.
Both tune and elements of the lyrics were adapted in the controversial parody "Barack the Magic Negro", written and recorded by Paul Shanklin for Rush Limbaugh's radio program, after the term was first applied to then presidential candidate Obama by movie and culture critic, David Ehrenstein, in a Los Angeles Times op ed column of March 19, 2007. Yarrow condemned the act as "shocking and saddening in the extreme," stating that "taking a children's song and twisting it in such vulgar, mean-spirited way, is a slur to our entire country and our common agreement to move beyond racism… Puff, himself, if asked, would certainly agree."[28]
Vietnam War-era gunship[edit]
During the Vietnam War the AC-47 Spooky gunship was nicknamed the "Dragon" or "Dragon ship" by the Americans because of its armament and firepower – the nickname soon caught on, and one website without primary citations indicates that the American troops began to call the AC-47 "Puff the Magic Dragon".[29] Robert Mason's Chickenhawk states, in reference to the Peter, Paul and Mary song playing on a turntable: “Puff the Magic Dragon” was making me uncomfortable. It was the saccharine song that had inspired the naming of the murderous Gatling-gun-armed C-47s. I couldn’t listen.
Cultural references[edit]
Elon Musk, founder of SpaceX, said his Dragon spacecraft was named after "Puff the Magic Dragon".[30]
In Japan, part of this song was used for ending theme of Jijihoudan, a political talk show which broadcast on TBS and BS-TBS.[citation needed]
In an episode of King of the Hill titled "The Bluegrass is Always Greener", Hank scolds Bill for being a fan of the song; as a bait-and-switch joke, the conservative and uptight Hank isn't aware of the alleged drug references, instead chiding Bill that grown men ought to appreciate other kinds of music.
The Orlando Magic mascot is named "Stuff the Magic Dragon".[citation needed]
In Marvel Studios' Iron Man 2, the character Justin Hammer, who owns Hammer Industries, introduces a machine gun nicknamed Puff the Magic Dragon to the U.S. military, thereby combining allusions to both PP&M's "If I Had a Hammer" and "Puff".[citation needed]
In the 1999 film Meet The Parents Robert De Niro's character, Jack Byrnes plays the song in the car when driving with his daughter's boyfriend. In an attempt to make humorous chat Greg Focker (Ben Stiller) makes the point that this song is clearly about smoking pot. Jack feigns ignorance and uses this to later on implicate Greg as a dope fiend, in an attempt to get his daughter to break up with Greg. In a post credit sting, we later see Greg Focker referring to this conversation and calling doubt on Jack's ignorance of the inferred drug reference.[citation needed]
In the movie While You Were Sleeping, Jack, brother of Peter (then in a coma), tries to prove - by a series of personal questions about his brother - that Lucy (who has been accidentally identified as Peter's fiancee) does not really even know Peter. During the interrogation it is revealed that Peter's favorite song is "Puff, the Magic Dragon."[citation needed]
There is a comedic magician who calls himself Piff the Magic Dragon. He always opens his show with, "You might know my brother... Steve."[citation needed]
International versions[edit]
A German version ("Paff, der Zauberdrachen") was recorded by Marlene Dietrich in 1963.
A Catalan translation ("Paf, el drac màgic") was popularized by the Grup de Folk supergroup on the 1967 EP "Escolta-ho en el Vent", becoming from then onwards one of the most popular children's songs in Catalan.[citation needed] It has also been played by, among many others, Joan Manuel Serrat.
A Hungarian version ("Paff, a bűvös sárkány") was performed by 100 Folk Celsius band in 1984.[31]
A Korean version (Puff(펍)) was recorded by Yang Hee-eun in 1971.
See also[edit]
Children's literature portal
List of number-one adult contemporary singles of 1963 (U.S.)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Lipton, Lenny. "Lenny Lipton". Lennylipton. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Puff The Magic Dragon by Peter, Paul and Mary". SongFacts. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ Lipton, Lenny. "Lenny Lipton". Lennylipton. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ Nash, Ogden. "The Tale of Custard the Dragon". Harvard. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Puff The Magic Dragon by Peter, Paul and Mary Songfacts". SongFacts.com. Retrieved April 2, 2017. In an effort to be gender-neutral, Peter Yarrow later sang the line "A dragon lives forever, but not so little boys" as "A dragon lives forever, but not so girls and boys."
Jump up ^ "Song facts". Retrieved December 7, 2011. The original poem had a verse that did not make it into the song. In it, Puff found another child and played with him after returning. Neither Yarrow nor Lipton remember the verse in any detail, and the paper that was left in Yarrow's typewriter in 1958 has since been lost.
Jump up ^ The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits (6th ed.), 1996
Jump up ^ "Puff the Magic Dragon and Marijuana". Snopes. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
Jump up ^ "Magic Dragon's Not-So-Innocuous Puff". The NY Times. 1984-10-11. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
Jump up ^ Just A Minute With: Peter Yarrow, Reuters
Jump up ^ "How 'Puff The Magic Dragon' Came To Be". Great Big Story. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Puff the Magic Dragon and Marijuana". Snopes.com. 2016-09-14. Retrieved 2016-09-27.
Jump up ^ Konstantin, Phil, Kusi TV (interview), American Indian
Jump up ^ "Puff the magic dragon", YouTube (live), Google
Jump up ^ "Puff: Still Not a Drug Song". Chronogram.
Jump up ^ Released in 1977 on the album "Real to Reel" and distributed by Sparrow Records
Jump up ^ Noel Paul Stookey (1977). Reel to Reel (audio recording). Neworld Media.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits (8th ed.). New York: Billboard Books. p. 488. ISBN 0-8230-7499-4.
Jump up ^ "45cat.com". 45cat.com. Retrieved May 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Discogs.com". Discogs.com. Retrieved May 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Discogs,com". Discogs,com. Retrieved May 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Fleming Jr, Mike. "Peter, Paul & Mary Tune 'Puff The Magic Dragon' In Fox Deal With 'Troll's Helmer Mike Mitchell". Deadline. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ "What's On For the School Hols [sic]", The Sydney Morning Herald
Jump up ^ "New take on Puff the Magic Dragon". The Star. 2007-08-18. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
Jump up ^ "Push the Magic Button", Archives (songlist), Computer History Museum
Jump up ^ "Puff the Kosher Dragon". YouTube.
Jump up ^ Bryan Edelman, Marsha (2003). Discovering Jewish music. Jewish Publication Society.
Jump up ^ Yarrow, Peter, "My Response to the Mean-Spirited "Barack the Magic Negro"", The Huffington Post
Jump up ^ John Pike. "AC-47". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2016-09-27.
Jump up ^ Chow, Denise (December 8, 2010). "Millionaire private space capsule splashes: successful maiden voyage". Space.com. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Paff, a bűvös sárkány". YouTube. 2007-11-23. Retrieved 2016-09-27.
External links[edit]
Listen to this article (info/dl)
This audio file was created from a revision of the article "Puff, the Magic Dragon" dated 2006-01-05, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. (Audio help)
More spoken articles
"Puff", Urban Legends Reference, Snopes . Disputes the drug-reference interpretation.
"Cartoon", Video (adaptation), Google .
Puff the Magic... Stoner?, Philadelphia: NBC .
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Kübler-Ross model
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Kübler-Ross model (otherwise known as the five stages of grief) postulates a progression of emotional states experienced by both terminally ill patients after diagnosis and by loved-ones after a death. The five stages are chronologically: denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance.
The model was first introduced by Swiss psychiatrist Elisabeth Kübler-Ross in her 1969 book On Death and Dying, and was inspired by her work with terminally ill patients.[1] Motivated by the lack of instruction in medical schools on the subject of death and dying, Kübler-Ross examined death and those faced with it at the University of Chicago medical school. Kübler-Ross' project evolved into a series of seminars which, along with patient interviews and previous research, became the foundation for her book.[2]
Kübler-Ross noted later in life that the stages are not a linear and predictable progression and that she regretted writing them in a way that was misunderstood.[3].
Contents
[hide]
1 Stages of grief
2 Criticism
3 References
4 Further reading
5 External links
Stages of grief[edit]
The stages, popularly known by the acronym DABDA, include:[4]
Denial – The first reaction is denial. In this stage, individuals believe the diagnosis is somehow mistaken, and cling to a false, preferable reality.
Anger – When the individual recognizes that denial cannot continue, they become frustrated, especially at proximate individuals. Certain psychological responses of a person undergoing this phase would be: "Why me? It's not fair!"; "How can this happen to me?"; "Who is to blame?"; "Why would this happen?".
Bargaining – The third stage involves the hope that the individual can avoid a cause of grief. Usually, the negotiation for an extended life is made in exchange for a reformed lifestyle. People facing less serious trauma can bargain or seek compromise. For instance: "I'd give anything to have him back." Or: "If only he'd come back to life, I'd promise to be a better person!"
Depression – "I'm so sad, why bother with anything?"; "I'm going to die soon, so what's the point?"; "I miss my loved one; why go on?"
During the fourth stage, the individual despairs at the recognition of their mortality. In this state, the individual may become silent, refuse visitors and spend much of the time mournful and sullen.
Acceptance – "It's going to be okay."; "I can't fight it; I may as well prepare for it."
In this last stage, individuals embrace mortality or inevitable future, or that of a loved one, or other tragic event. People dying may precede the survivors in this state, which typically comes with a calm, retrospective view for the individual, and a stable condition of emotions.
Kübler-Ross later expanded her model[citation needed] to include any form of personal loss, such as the death of a loved one, the loss of a job or income, major rejection, the end of a relationship or divorce, drug addiction, incarceration, the onset of a disease or an infertility diagnosis, and even minor losses, such as a loss of insurance coverage.
A diagram developed by Bertrand GRONDIN from a presentation of Elizabeth Kübler Ross ideas produced by France Telecom
Diagram showing two possible outcomes of grief or a life-changing event developed for Jobcentre Plus by Eos
Criticism[edit]
Criticisms of this five-stage model of grief center mainly on a lack of empirical research and empirical evidence supporting the stages as described by Kübler-Ross and, to the contrary, empirical support for other modes of the expression of grief. Moreover, Kübler-Ross' model is the product of a particular culture at a particular time and might not be applicable to people of other cultures. These points have been made by many experts, [2] such as Professor Robert J. Kastenbaum (1932–2013) who was a recognized expert in gerontology, aging, and death; founder and editor of two academic journals in this area (International Journal of Aging and Human Development and Omega: Journal of Death and Dying); founder of the first university-based educational and research center on death and dying (Wayne State University, 1966); and author of several relevant books (e.g., The Psychology of Death (1972); Death, Society and Human Experience (1977); and On Our Way: The Final Passage Through Life and Death (2004)). In his writings, Kastenbaum raised the following points:[5][6]
The existence of these stages as such has not been demonstrated.
No evidence has been presented that people actually do move from Stage 1 through Stage 5.
The limitations of the method have not been acknowledged.
The line is blurred between description and prescription.
The resources, pressures, and characteristics of the immediate environment, which can make a tremendous difference, are not taken into account.
A 2003 study of bereaved individuals conducted by Maciejewski at Yale University obtained some findings consistent with the five-stage hypothesis but others inconsistent with it. Several letters were also published in the same journal criticizing this research and arguing against the stage idea.[7]
George Bonanno, Professor of Clinical Psychology at Columbia University, in his book The Other Side of Sadness: What the New Science of Bereavement Tells Us About Life After a Loss,[8] summarizes peer-reviewed research based on thousands of subjects over two decades and concludes that a natural psychological resilience is a principal component of grief[9] and that there are no stages of grief to pass. Bonanno's work has also demonstrated that absence of grief or trauma symptoms is a healthy outcome.[10][11]
The lack of support in the academic psychology literature has led to the popular and special interest press applying the labels of myth and fallacy to the notion that there are stages of grief, in publications ranging from Time magazine[11] to Scientific American[12] to Skeptic Magazine,[13] the latter publishing findings of the Grief Recovery Institute that contested the concept of stages of grief as they relate to people who are dealing with the deaths of people important to them.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Broom, Sarah M. (August 30, 2004). "Milestones". TIME.
Jump up ^ Perring, Christian. "PHI350: The Stages in the Dying Process". Retrieved November 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kübler-Ross, Elisabeth; Kessler, David (June 5, 2007). "On Grief and Grieving: Finding the Meaning of Grief Through the Five Stages of Loss". Scribner. Retrieved November 27, 2016 – via Amazon.
Jump up ^ Santrock, J.W. (2007). A Topical Approach to Life-Span Development. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-338264-7. [page needed]
Jump up ^ Kastenbaum, Robert. Death, Society, and Human Experience, 6th edition. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 1998.
Jump up ^ Corr, Charles A., Kenneth J. Doka, and Robert Kastenbaum (1999). "Dying and Its Interpreters: A Review of Selected Literature and Some Comments on the State of the Field." Omega: The Journal of Death and Dying 39(4) :239–259. doi.org/10.2190/3KGF-52BV-QTNT-UBMX
Jump up ^ Maciejewski, Paul K.; Zhang, Baohui; Block, Susan D.; Prigerson, Holly G. (2007). "An Empirical Examination of the Stage Theory of Grief". Journal of the American Medical Association. 297 (7): 716–23. doi:10.1001/jama.297.7.716. PMID 17312291.
Jump up ^ [1][dead link]
Jump up ^ Bonanno, George A. (January 2004). "Loss, trauma, and human resilience: have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events?". The American Psychologist. 59 (1): 20–8. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.59.1.20. PMID 14736317.
Jump up ^ "The Neuroscience of True Grit". Scientific American. 2011-03-01. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0311-28. Retrieved 2016-12-29.
^ Jump up to: a b Konigsberg, Ruth Davis (January 29, 2011). "New Ways to Think About Grief". Retrieved November 27, 2016 – via www.time.com.
Jump up ^ "Five Fallacies of Grief: Debunking Psychological Stages". Scientific American. 2008-11-01. Retrieved 2016-12-29.
Jump up ^ Friedman, Russell; James, John W. "The Myth of the Stages of Dying, Death and Grief". Skeptic Magazine. 14 (2): 37–41. Also available as: "Stages of Grief: The Myth". The Grief Recovery Institute. January 5, 2012.
Further reading[edit]
Kübler-Ross, E. (1969) On Death and Dying, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-04015-9
Kübler-Ross, E. (2005) On Grief and Grieving: Finding the Meaning of Grief Through the Five Stages of Loss, Simon & Schuster Ltd, ISBN 0-7432-6344-8
Scire, P. (2007). "Applying Grief Stages to Organizational Change"
An Attributional Analysis of Kübler-Ross' Model of Dying, Mark R Brent. Harvard University, 1981.
An Evaluation of the Relevance of the Kübler-Ross Model to the Post-injury Responses of Competitive Athletes, Johannes Hendrikus Van der Poel, University of the Free State. Published by s.n., 2000.
External links[edit]
Elisabeth Kübler-Ross Foundation
DABDA: The Five Stages of Coping With Death – about.com
"On Death and Dying" – interview with Elizabeth Kübler-Ross M.D.
"Beware the Five Stages of 'Grief'" – TLC Group editorial
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kübler-Ross_model&oldid=837247645"
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