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A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)
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A Wrinkle in Time
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Ava DuVernay
Produced by
Jim Whitaker
Catherine Hand
Screenplay by
Jennifer Lee
Jeff Stockwell
Based on
A Wrinkle in Time
by Madeleine L'Engle
Starring
Oprah Winfrey
Reese Witherspoon
Mindy Kaling
Gugu Mbatha-Raw
Michael Peña
Storm Reid
Zach Galifianakis
Chris Pine
Music by
Ramin Djawadi
Cinematography
Tobias A. Schliessler
Edited by
Spencer Averick
Production
companies
Walt Disney Pictures
Whitaker Entertainment
Distributed by
Walt Disney Studios
Motion Pictures
Release date
February 26, 2018 (2018-02-26) (El Capitan Theatre)
March 9, 2018 (2018-03-09) (United States)
Running time
109 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$100–130 million[2][3][4]
Box office
$124.4 million[5]
A Wrinkle in Time is a 2018 American science fantasy adventure film directed by Ava DuVernay and written by Jennifer Lee and Jeff Stockwell, based on the 1962 novel of the same name by Madeleine L'Engle. The film stars Oprah Winfrey, Reese Witherspoon, Mindy Kaling, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Michael Peña, Storm Reid, Zach Galifianakis and Chris Pine, and follows a young girl who, with the help of three astral travelers, sets off on a quest to find her father, who went missing after discovering a new planet.
Principal photography began on November 2, 2016, in Los Angeles, California. With a production budget of over $100 million, the film became the first live-action film with a nine-digit budget to be directed by a woman of color. A Wrinkle in Time premired at the El Capitan Theatre on February 26, 2018, and with a theatrical release on March 9, 2018, through the Disney Digital 3-D, Real D 3D, and IMAX formats.[6] The film received mixed reviews, with critics "taking issue with the film's heavy use of CGI and numerous plot holes" while "celebrating its message of female empowerment and diversity",[7] and has grossed $124 million worldwide against a break-even point of $400 million, thus being a box office bomb.[8][9]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Filming
4 Music
5 Release
5.1 Marketing
6 Reception
6.1 Box office
6.2 Critical response
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
Thirteen-year-old Meg Murry struggles to adjust to school and home life ever since her father Alex, a well-renowned scientist, mysteriously disappeared while he was studying astrophysics. Both Meg and her mother Kate believe he solved the question of humanity's existence and theorize he was teleported to another world.
During the night, Meg's younger brother Charles Wallace welcomes a stranger in a large white dress named Mrs. Whatsit into the Murry family house. She mentions the tesseract, a type of space-travel Alex was working on, is real, and leaves soon after. The next day, one of Meg's classmates, Calvin O'Keefe, joins them to go to the house of Mrs. Who, another strange woman who only speaks in quotes and seems to know Charles Wallace.
When Calvin joins Meg and Charles Wallace in their backyard, Mrs. Whatsit appears with Mrs. Who and another woman, Mrs. Which, who is the oldest and appears as a giant. The three reveal themselves as astral travelers, and lead Meg, Calvin, and Charles Wallace through a tesseract taking them to a distant planet named Uriel.
Mrs. Whatsit transforms into a beautiful green creature, and takes the children up into the atmosphere, where they see a dark shadow known as The IT. Mrs. Which tells Meg her father's experiments resulted in his being captured by The IT, a malevolent entity plotting to take over the universe. Gaining the women's trust, Meg and the others tesser to another planet where a seer known as the Happy Medium resides.
The Happy Medium shows them Meg's father is trapped on a planet called Camazotz, The IT's homeworld. Mrs. Which also explains The IT represents all of the greed, anger, pride, selfishness, and low self-esteem in the world. Showing them examples of these characteristics, Meg learns that while Calvin is popular at school, he is neglected and bullied by his father and her school enemy Veronica Kiley is extremely self-conscious. The three Mrs. propose they travel back to Earth to regroup, but Meg's refusal messes with the tesseract, and they travel to Camazotz instead.
Upon arriving on Camazotz, Mrs. Which, Mrs. Whatsit, and Mrs. Who are unable to stay because Camazotz's evil is stronger than their light. Before they depart, they bestow gifts upon Meg; these include Mrs. Who's glasses, the knowledge of Meg's faults, and the command to never separate.
The trio treks through Camazotz's hazardous traps before reaching a crowded beach where they meet the IT's bodyguard, Red. He offers the starving children food and tells them Alex is safe and happy. He reveals to them there is nothing to worry about here, but Calvin and Meg realize something is wrong when Charles Wallace proclaims all of the food tastes like sand. When Red starts repeating the times tables, Charles Wallace is hypnotized by the rhythm, allowing the IT to take full control of his mind.
When Meg and Calvin pursue Charles Wallace, they find themselves in a seemingly empty room. Using Mrs. Who's glasses, Meg finds an invisible staircase leading to the room where her father is being kept prisoner. After bringing him out of captivity, the IT's power allows Charles Wallace to forcefully drag them to finally meet his master. As Calvin and Meg fall under the IT's power, Alex opens another tesser and prepares to leave with the children, abandoning Charles Wallace. Meg refuses and projects out of the tesser herself, leaving her alone. When she confronts Charles Wallace in corruption, she realizes the IT uses deception and hatred for power. Using her love for her brother and the knowledge she is imperfect, Meg frees Charles Wallace from the control of the IT and releases the control of Camazotz from the evil entity. The three Mrs. return and tell Meg her time is here to tesser for herself.
Returning home, Meg thanks the women for their help and for rescuing her father and they part ways, while Veronica becomes nice to her. The film ends with the Murry family celebrating a joyful reunion and Calvin going home to confront his father.
Cast[edit]
Oprah Winfrey as Mrs. Which
Reese Witherspoon as Mrs. Whatsit
Mindy Kaling as Mrs. Who
Storm Reid as Meg Murry, a gifted young girl
Levi Miller as Calvin O'Keefe, Meg's classmate and friend
Deric McCabe as Charles Wallace Murry, Meg's prodigious adoptive 6-year-old brother
Chris Pine as Dr. Alexander Murry, Meg and Charles Wallace's long-lost father
Zach Galifianakis as The Happy Medium
Michael Peña as Red[10]
David Oyelowo as the IT, Red's true diabolical form[10]
Gugu Mbatha-Raw as Dr. Kate Murry, Meg and Charles Wallace's mother
André Holland as Principal James Jenkins[10]
Rowan Blanchard as Veronica Kiley[10]
Bellamy Young as Camazotz Woman[10]
Conrad Roberts as Elegant Man[10]
Yvette Cason as a teacher[10]
Will McCormack as another teacher[10]
Daniel MacPherson as Calvin's Father[10]
Production[edit]
DuVernay became the first black woman to direct a live-action film with a budget of over $100 million.
In October 2010, it was announced that Walt Disney Pictures had retained the film rights for the 1962 novel A Wrinkle in Time, by Madeleine L'Engle, which had previously been made as a 2003 television film. Following the financial success of Tim Burton's Alice in Wonderland (2010), Disney announced that they had hired Jeff Stockwell to write the screenplay for Cary Granat and his new Bedrock Studios. Granat had previously worked with Disney on the Chronicles of Narnia and Bridge to Terabithia films.[11] The project's budget was slated to be $35 million, which the company compared to District 9 and Bridge to Terabithia, both of which were made for less than $30 million.[12] On August 5, 2014, Jennifer Lee was announced as the screenwriter, taking over from Stockwell, who wrote the first draft.[13][14] On February 8, 2016, it was reported that Ava DuVernay had been offered the job of directing the film, and she was confirmed to direct later that same month.[15][16] She became the first woman of color to direct a live-action film with a production budget over $100 million.[17]
On July 26, 2016, Variety reported that Oprah Winfrey had began final negotiations to join the film, to play Mrs. Which, the eldest of the three Mrs. Ws, celestial beings who help guide the children along their journey.[18] On September 7, 2016, Reese Witherspoon and Mindy Kaling were reported as being in talks to join the film, with Witherspoon to play Mrs. Whatsit, who presents as a chatty, grandmotherly hobo, and Kaling set for the quotation-reciting Mrs. Who.[19] On September 13, 2016, Storm Reid was cast in the lead role of Meg Murry, a young girl traumatized by the disappearance of her scientist father years before.[20] In October 2016, Gugu Mbatha-Raw and Chris Pine were cast as the parents of Meg, Dr. Kate Murry and Dr. Alex Murry, respectively.[21][22] On November 1, 2016, more cast were announced, including Zach Galifianakis as the Happy Medium, André Holland as Principal Jenkins, Levi Miller as Calvin, and Deric McCabe as Charles Wallace, along with Bellamy Young, Rowan Blanchard and Will McCormack.[23] Michael Peña later also joined the cast to play the character Red.[24] The producers on the film are James Whitaker and Catherine Hand.[23]
Filming[edit]
Principal photography on the film began on November 2, 2016, in Los Angeles, California.[23][25][26] After Los Angeles, production moved to New Zealand for two weeks.[23] Tobias A. Schliessler was the film's cinematographer, Naomi Shohan its production designer, Paco Delgado its costume designer, and Rich McBride its visual effects supervisor.[23][27] During production, DuVernay asked McBride to be as flexible as possible on visual effects sequences to allow her to make changes and incorporate new ideas during shooting.[28]
Filming for A Wrinkle in Time took place in multiple locations including Eureka, California, in Humboldt County, starting on November 29, 2016.[29] Filming also took place at Eureka's Sequoia Park, located next to Sequoia Park Zoo. None of the film's major actors were present in Eureka.[30] In mid-December, Pine was spotted during filming in Los Angeles.[31]
During the last two weeks of February 2017, filming locations for A Wrinkle in Time were established to be in Central Otago, New Zealand.[32] Actors and crew involved were in New Zealand for the two weeks to shoot scenes in the Southern Alps, including at Hunter Valley Station near Lake Hāwea, with cast and crew treated to a traditional Māori powhiri and karakia.[33] Filming wrapped in New Zealand's South Island after two weeks, and DuVernay declared the cast and crew's love for New Zealand in an Instagram post.[34]
Music[edit]
Main article: A Wrinkle in Time (soundtrack)
On September 28, 2017, Ramin Djawadi was announced as the composer for the film, replacing Jonny Greenwood, who was initially chosen to compose, and scored the film.[35] On February 20, 2018, it was announced that the soundtrack would feature appearances from Sade, Sia, Kehlani, Chloe x Halle, Freestyle Fellowship, DJ Khaled, and Demi Lovato.[36]
Release[edit]
The film was released in the United States on March 9, 2018.[37] It was previously set for an April 6, 2018 release.[38]
Marketing[edit]
DuVernay announced a teaser trailer for the film would debut at the 2017 D23 expo; it was released on July 15, 2017.[39]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
As of April 25, 2018[update], A Wrinkle in Time grossed $93.9 million in the United States and Canada, and just over $30.5 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $124.4 million.[5] With a combined $250 million spent on production and advertisement, the film will need to gross at least $400 million worldwide to turn a profit.[40]
In the United States and Canada, A Wrinkle in Time was released alongside The Hurricane Heist, Gringo and The Strangers: Prey at Night, and was projected to gross $30–38 million from 3,980 theaters in its opening weekend.[41] It made $10.2 million on its first day, including $1.3 million from Thursday night previews. It went on to debut to $33.3 million, finishing second behind Disney's own Black Panther ($41.1 million in its fourth weekend).[4] In its second weekend the film made $16.6 million, dropping 50% to 4th place.[42]
Internationally the film opened in six countries alongside the United States and grossed $6.3 million in its opening weekend, with Russia being the largest market with $4.1 million.[43]
Critical response[edit]
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 39%, based on 241 reviews, and an average rating of 5.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "A Wrinkle in Time is visually gorgeous, big-hearted, and occasionally quite moving; unfortunately, it's also wildly ambitious to a fault, and often less than the sum of its classic parts."[44] On Metacritic, which assigns normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 53 out of 100, based on 50 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[45] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it a 75% overall positive score; audience members under the age of 18 gave it a respective average grade of "A–" and positive score of 89%.[4]
Alonso Duralde of TheWrap praised the film's visuals and performances, writing, "Awash in bold colors, bright patterns and ebullient kids, director Ava DuVernay's new take on A Wrinkle in Time dazzles its way across time and space even if it doesn't quite stick the landing."[46] David Ehrlich of IndieWire gave the film a "C+" and praised what he described as its ambition, saying: "It almost doesn't matter that the movie is too emotionally prescriptive to have any real power, or too high on imagination to leave any room for wonder; DuVernay evinces such faith in who she is and what she's doing that A Wrinkle in Time remains true to itself even when everything on screen reads false."[47]
Alex Hudson of Exclaim! gave the film a 5 out of 10, saying that it felt "like a missed opportunity. Rather than a family classic, all we get is a perfectly fine kids movie."[48] Vince Mancini of Uproxx gave the film a negative review, saying, "...if anything, the trouble with Wrinkle is that you never really get a sense of DuVernay's personal touch. In fact, it feels a lot like Brad Bird's big budget, equally smarmy 2015 Disney film, Tomorrowland. Both attempt to be so broad and universal that they feel disconnected from anything human. But universality doesn't work that way, no matter how much you tell everyone to think like a kid."[49]
See also[edit]
A Wrinkle in Time (2003)
Afrofuturism in film
Black film
List of black films of the 2010s
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ McDonald, Soraya Nadia (March 8, 2018). "'A Wrinkle in Time' has Ava DuVernay, Oprah and a $100 million budget. But it still needs a better villain". The Undefeated. ESPN Internet Ventures. Retrieved March 9, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Anthony D'Alessandro (March 11, 2018). "'Black Panther' Rules 4th Frame With $41M+; 'A Wrinkle In Time' At $33M+: A Diversity & Disney Dominant Weekend". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 11, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "A Wrinkle in Time (2018)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved April 25, 2018.
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Jump up ^ Kirsten Chuba (March 7, 2018). "'A Wrinkle in Time' Reviews: What the Critics Are Saying". Variety. Retrieved March 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ Jacob Shamsian (March 12, 2018). "5 reasons why Disney's fantasy epic 'A Wrinkle in Time' failed at the box office". Insider. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
Jump up ^ McClintock, Pamela. "'A Wrinkle in Time': Why It Has Underperformed at the Box Office". Retrieved April 20, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "A Wrinkle in Time Press Kit" (PDF). wdsmediafile.com. The Walt Disney Studios. Retrieved March 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ Fernandez, Jay (October 14, 2010). "Bedrock taps Jeff Stockwell to adapt 'Wrinkle'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved October 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ Pond, Steve (March 17, 2010). "Granat Launches Family-Oriented Bedrock Studios (Updated)". TheWrap. Retrieved October 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ McNary, Dave (August 5, 2014). "'Frozen' Director Jennifer Lee to Adapt 'A Wrinkle in Time' for Disney". Variety. Retrieved October 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ Han, Angie (August 5, 2014). "'Frozen' Director Jennifer Lee to Adapt 'A Wrinkle in Time'". /Film. Retrieved October 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys (February 8, 2016). "Lupita Nyong'o in Talks to Star in Sci-Fi Thriller With Ava DuVernay Eyed to Direct (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ Fleming Jr, Mike (February 23, 2016). "Ava DuVernay Set To Direct Disney's 'A Wrinkle In Time'; Script By 'Frozen's Jennifer Lee". Deadline. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ Keegan, Rebecca (August 3, 2016). "With 'A Wrinkle In Time,' Ava DuVernay will pass a milestone". LA Times. Retrieved November 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin (July 26, 2016). "Oprah Winfrey Joins Ava Duvernay's 'A Wrinkle in Time' Adaptation". Variety. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys (September 7, 2016). "Reese Witherspoon, Mindy Kaling in Talks to Join Ava DuVernay's 'A Wrinkle in Time' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys (September 13, 2016). "Rising Actress Storm Reid Nabs Starring Role in Ava DuVernay's 'A Wrinkle in Time' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ Patten, Dominic (October 21, 2016). "Chris Pine Joins Ava DuVernay's 'A Wrinkle In Time'". Deadline. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ Lincoln, Ross A. (October 20, 2016). "Gugu Mbatha-Raw Signs On For Ava DuVernay's 'Wrinkle In Time'". Deadline. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Wrinkle in Time Cast Announced as Filming Begins". ComingSoon.net. November 1, 2016. Retrieved November 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Michael Pena Joins Disney's A Wrinkle in Time Movie". ComingSoon.net. November 2, 2016. Retrieved November 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Ava DuVernay on Facebook". Retrieved November 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ Chitwood, Adam (November 1, 2016). "Ava DuVernay's 'A Wrinkle in Time' Finalizes Cast as Filming Begins This Week". Collider. Retrieved November 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Ava DuVernay on Twitter". Retrieved November 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ Hogg, Trevor (April 3, 2018). "A WRINKLE IN TIME: 'The Emotional Visual Effects Show'". VFX Voice. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ Schneider, Ruth (December 19, 2016). "'Postcard of Humboldt County': 'Wrinkle in Time' brings local beauty to big screen". Redwood Times. Retrieved December 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ Houston, Will (November 28, 2016). "Film production in town: 'A Wrinkle in Time' director's Instagram indicates filming in Eureka". Eureka Times-Standard. Retrieved December 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Chris Pine looks sports bushy beard on A Wrinkle In Time set". Mail Online. December 15, 2016. Retrieved December 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ "A Wrinkle in Time: What you need to know about the latest movie to shoot in NZ". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Oprah: 'It's a gorgeous day NZ' star shares chopper ride in NZ with millions - Entertainment - NZ Herald News". Nzherald.co.nz. February 18, 2017. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "A Wrinkle in Time cast declare their love for New Zealand after filming wraps". Newshub.co.nz. February 26, 2017. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "A Wrinkle in Time Recruits Game of Thrones Composer". ScreenRant. September 28, 2017. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ Snetiker, Marc (February 20, 2018). "A Wrinkle in Time soundtrack taps Sade, Sia, Game of Thrones composer". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved February 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Lesnick, Silas (April 25, 2017). "Disney Movie Release Schedule Gets a Major Update". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (November 14, 2016). "Ava DuVernay's 'A Wrinkle In Time' To Hit Theaters In Spring 2018". Deadline.com. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ @ava (July 3, 2017). "Teaser trailer coming at @D23Expo. Hope you like what you see! ✨" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Hughes, Mark (March 8, 2018). "Review: 'A Wrinkle In Time' Delivers Weird, Fun, And Heartfelt Family Entertainment". Forbes. Retrieved March 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Rebecca Rubin; Dave McNary (March 6, 2018). "Box Office Preview: 'A Wrinkle in Time' Looks to Lure Kids as 'Black Panther' Stays Muscular". Variety. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ Anthony D'Alessandro (March 18, 2018). "'Black Panther' Keeps B.O. Treasure From 'Tomb Raider'; How 'I Can Only Imagine' Hit A $17M High Note". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ Nancy Tartaglione (March 11, 2018). "'Black Panther' Tops $500M Overseas, $1B WW With $67M China Bow; 'Tomb Raider' Kicks Off – International Box Office". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ "A Wrinkle in Time (2018)". Rotten Tomatoes (Fandango Media). Retrieved April 19, 2018.
Jump up ^ "A Wrinkle in Time Reviews". Metacritic (CBS Interactive). Retrieved April 4, 2018.
Jump up ^ Durande, Alonso (March 7, 2018). "'A Wrinkle in Time' Film Review: Oprah Hitchhikes the Galaxy in Trippy Kiddie Treat". TheWrap. Retrieved March 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ Ehrlich, David (March 7, 2018). "'A Wrinkle in Time' Review: Ava DuVernay's Eye-Popping Spectacle Proves that a Little Imagination Can Go a Long Way". Indiewire. Retrieved March 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ Hudson, Alex (March 7, 2018). "'A Wrinkle In Time' review". Exclaim!. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ Mancini, Vince (March 7, 2018). "'A Wrinkle In Time' Is A Series Of Affirmations In Search Of A Story". Uproxx. Retrieved March 7, 2018.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)
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text:
Japanese dwarf flying squirrel
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Japanese dwarf flying squirrel
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Family: Sciuridae
Tribe: Pteromyini
Genus: Pteromys
Species: P. momonga
Binomial name
Pteromys momonga
Temminck, 1844
Japanese dwarf flying squirrel
The Japanese dwarf flying squirrel (Pteromys momonga; Japanese: ニホンモモンガ; Hepburn: Nihon momonga) is one of two species of Old World flying squirrels. It is native to Japan where it inhabits sub-alpine forests and boreal evergreen forests on Honshu and Kyushu islands. It grows to a length of 20 cm (8 in) and has a membrane connecting its wrists and ankles which enables it to glide from tree to tree. During the day this squirrel hides in a hole, usually in a coniferous tree, emerging at night to feed on buds, leaves, bark, fruits and seeds. This squirrel faces no particular threats, has a wide range and is relatively common, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature lists it as a "least-concern species".
Contents
[hide]
1 Morphology
2 Distribution
2.1 Range
2.2 Habitat
3 Behavior
3.1 Feeding Behaviors
3.2 Social Behavior
3.3 Reproductive Behaviors
4 Evolution
5 Conservation Status
6 References
Morphology[edit]
Pteromys momonga in Ueno Zoo
Its body is 14–20 cm long and the tail length is 10–14 cm. It weighs 150–220 g. It is much smaller than the Japanese giant flying squirrel which can reach 1500 g. Its back is covered with grey brown hair, and its belly is white. It has large eyes and a flattened tail. Species of flying squirrels possess a patagium, which is a skin membrane used in gliding. In this particular species of flying squirrel their patagium spans between their wrists and ankles, but not between their legs and tail.[2]
Distribution[edit]
Range[edit]
This species of flying squirrel inhabits sub-alpine forests and boreal evergreen forests in Japan, specifically on Honshu and Kyushu islands.[3]
Habitat[edit]
Japanese dwarf flying squirrels make their nests in the cavities of trees,or at the cross point between branches and tree trunks. These squrrels also tend to line their nests with mosses and lichens.[3] Tree cavities are very important nest resources for them. They tend to nest in conifers, such as pine and spruce, more than broad-leaved trees.[4]
Behavior[edit]
Feeding Behaviors[edit]
The Japanese dwarf flying squirrel is nocturnal, and during the day it rests in holes in trees. It eats seeds, fruit, tree leaves, buds and bark. It can leap from tree to tree using a gliding membrane called its patagium. The patagium works as a wingsuit enabling it to maneuver and glide through the air.[5]
When it feeds, the Japanese dwarf flying squirrel assumes a hanging posture. It will pull a twig to its mouth with its forepaws if the twig is not strong enough to support its weight and obtain food at the tip. While picking up food scattered on the ground, it will extend its body in an intermediate range around its body without moving its hind legs.[6]
Social Behavior[edit]
Multiple individuals of this species can be found grouped together on a single tree, however usually these individuals tend to be of the same sex when it is not mating season. Mating nests are usually shared by one breeding pair.[3]
Reproductive Behaviors[edit]
Not much is known about the specific mating rituals of these squirrels. The squirrels tend to mate twice a year between the months of May and July, with a gestation period of around 4 weeks. Litter size average about 2 to 3 young, but can have up to 5 pups. They are thought to develop similarly to that of other flying squirrels, and are weaned by around 6 weeks of age.[3]
Evolution[edit]
Japanese dwarf flying squirrels have evolved differently from other Sciuridae. The differences between Japanese dwarf flying squirrels and other Sciuridae is evident when comparing morphology of the mandible and genetic code. The mandible of the Japanese dwarf flying squirrel does not have a coronoid process unlike the American dwarf squirrels (Microsciurus). The marmots (Marmota) also have a more elongated mandible than the Japanese dwarf flying squirrel. This is due to phylogeny and ecology.[7] There are also large differences in chromosome structure between P. momonga and the only other member of the Pteromys genus, Pteromys volans. Though they have the same number of chromosomes (2n=38), their karyotypes differ extensively due to pericentric inversions, tandem fusions, and deletion of large segments of the autosomes and the Y chromosome. Because of these deletions, the P. volans genome contains about fifteen percent less DNA than P. momonga. These findings suggest that the karyotype of P. momonga more closely resembles the ancestor of P. volans and P. momonga.[8]
Conservation Status[edit]
The IUCN has this species of flying squirrel listed as of Least Concern.[1]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Ishii, N. & Kaneko, Y. (2008). "Pteromys momonga". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 6 January 2009.
Jump up ^ Watkins, Tracy. "Pteromys Momonga". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 28 November 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Nowak, Ronald M. (1999). Walker's mammals of the world / : Ronald M. Nowak (6th ed.). Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 1297. ISBN 0-8018-5789-9.
Jump up ^ Suzuki, K., Shimamoto, T., Takizawa, Y., Kamigaichi, H., Ando, M., & Yanagawa, H. (2011). Nest site characteristics of pteromys momonga in the tanzawa mountains. Honyurui Kagaku/Mammalian Science, 51(1), 65-69. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/907186500
Jump up ^ Stafford, B. J., Thorington Jr., R. W., & Kawamichi, T. (2002). Gliding Behavior Of Japanese Giant Flying Squirrels (Petaurista Leucogenys). Journal of Mammalogy, 83(2), 553-562.
Jump up ^ Ando, M., Shiraishi, S., & Uchida, T. A. (1985). Feeding behaviour of three species of squirrels. Behaviour, 95(1-2), 76-86. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/14485007
Jump up ^ Michaux, J., Hautier, L., Simonin, T., & VianeyLiaud, M. (2008). Phylogeny, adaptation and mandible shape in Sciuridae (Rodentia, Mammalia). Mammalia: Journal De Morphologie, Biologie, Systematique Des Mammiferes, 72(4), 286-296.
Jump up ^ Oshida, T., Yanagawa, H., Tsuda, M., Inoue, S., & Yoshida, M. C. (2000). Comparisons of the banded karyotypes between the small japanese flying squirrel, pteromys momonga and the russian flying squirrel, P. volans (rodentia, sciuridae). Caryologia, 53(2), 133-140. Retrieved from www.scopus.com
[show]
v
t
e
Extant species of family Sciuridae (subfamily Sciurinae, Pteromyini (Flying squirrels) tribe)
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Sciuromorpha
Eoglaucomys
Kashmir flying squirrel (Eoglaucomys fimbriatus)
Glaucomys
(New World flying squirrels)
Southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans)
Northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus)
Humboldt's flying squirrel (Glaucomys oregonensis)
Hylopetes
Particolored flying squirrel (Hylopetes alboniger)
Afghan flying squirrel (Hylopetes baberi)
Bartel's flying squirrel (Hylopetes bartelsi)
Gray-cheeked flying squirrel (Hylopetes lepidus)
Palawan flying squirrel (Hylopetes nigripes)
Indochinese flying squirrel (Hylopetes phayrei)
Jentink's flying squirrel (Hylopetes platyurus)
Sipora flying squirrel (Hylopetes sipora)
Red-cheeked flying squirrel (Hylopetes spadiceus)
Sumatran flying squirrel (Hylopetes winstoni)
Iomys
Javanese flying squirrel (Iomys horsfieldi)
Mentawi flying squirrel (Iomys sipora)
Petaurillus
(Pygmy flying squirrels)
Lesser pygmy flying squirrel (Petaurillus emiliae)
Hose's pygmy flying squirrel (Petaurillus hosei)
Selangor pygmy flying squirrel (Petaurillus kinlochii)
Petinomys
Basilan flying squirrel (Petinomys crinitus)
Whiskered flying squirrel (Petinomys genibarbis)
Hagen's flying squirrel (Petinomys hageni)
Siberut flying squirrel (Petinomys lugens)
Arrow flying squirrel (Petinomys sagitta)
Temminck's flying squirrel (Petinomys setosus)
Vordermann's flying squirrel (Petinomys vordermanni)
Travancore flying squirrel (Petinomys fuscocapillus)
Aeretes
Groove-toothed flying squirrel (Aeretes melanopterus)
Aeromys
(Large black flying squirrels)
Black flying squirrel (Aeromys tephromelas)
Thomas's flying squirrel (Aeromys thomasi)
Belomys
Hairy-footed flying squirrel (Belomys pearsonii)
Biswamoyopterus
Namdapha flying squirrel (Biswamoyopterus biswasi)
Laotian giant flying squirrel (Biswamoyopterus laoensis)
Eupetaurus
Woolly flying squirrel (Eupetaurus cinereus)
Petaurista
Red and white giant flying squirrel (Petaurista alborufus)
Spotted giant flying squirrel (Petaurista elegans)
Hodgson's giant flying squirrel (Petaurista magnificus)
Bhutan giant flying squirrel (Petaurista nobilis)
Indian giant flying squirrel (Petaurista philippensis)
Chinese giant flying squirrel (Petaurista xanthotis)
Japanese giant flying squirrel (Petaurista leucogenys)
Red giant flying squirrel (Petaurista petaurista)
Pteromys
(Old World flying squirrels)
Siberian flying squirrel (Pteromys volans)
Japanese dwarf flying squirrel (Pteromys momonga)
Pteromyscus
Smoky flying squirrel (Pteromyscus pulverulentus)
Trogopterus
Complex-toothed flying squirrel (Trogopterus xanthipes)
Category
Taxon identifiers
Wd: Q1766561
EoL: 1178635
GBIF: 2437259
ITIS: 632524
IUCN: 18701
MSW: 12400433
NCBI: 64682
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanese_dwarf_flying_squirrel&oldid=812585540"
Categories:
IUCN Red List least concern species
Flying squirrels
Mammals of Japan
Mammals described in 1844
Endemic fauna of Japan
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text:
List of chief executive officers
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The following is a list of chief executive officers of notable companies. The list also includes lead executives with a position corresponding to chief executive officer (CEO), such as managing director (MD), and any concurrent positions held.
Contents
[hide]
1 List of CEOs
2 See also
3 References
4 External links
List of CEOs[edit]
Company
Executive
Title
Since
Notes
Updated
Accenture Pierre Nanterme Chairman and CEO[1] 2011 Replaced William D. Green, who became executive chairman 2017-11-11
ACE Limited Evan G. Greenberg Chairman and CEO[2] 2004 Former COO of American International Group 2017-11-11
Aditya Birla Group Kumar Birla Chairman[3] 1995[3] Part of the Birla family business house in India 2017-11-15
Adobe Systems Shantanu Narayen Chairman, president and CEO[4] 2007 Formerly with Apple Inc. 2017-11-15
Agenus Garo H. Armen Founder, Chairman, CEO[5] 1994 Founder of the Children of Armenia Fund (COAF) 2017-11-15
Amazon.com Jeff Bezos President, CEO and Chairman[6] 1994 Founder of the firm and one of the world's wealthiest people 2015-01-17
AMD Lisa Su CEO and president[7] 2014 Formerly with Texas Instruments 2017-11-15
American Express Kenneth Chenault Chairman and CEO[8] 2001 Third African-American CEO of a Fortune 500 company 2017-11-15
American Airlines Group Doug Parker Chairman and CEO[9] 2013 Previously CEO for US Airways 2017-11-15
Anthem Inc. Joseph R. Swedish Chairman, president and CEO[10] 2013 Previously with Centura Health and Trinity Health (Livonia, Michigan) 2017-11-15
Apple Inc. Tim Cook CEO[11] 2011 Replaced from Steve Jobs 2017-11-15
Arcelor Mittal Lakshmi Niwas Mittal Chairman and CEO[12] 2006 Owner of Queens Park Rangers F.C. 2017-11-15
AT&T Randall L. Stephenson Chairman, CEO and president[13] 2007 Also president of the Boy Scouts of America 2017-11-15
BAE Systems Plc Charles Woodburn Chief Executive Officer[14] 2008 Succeeded Ian King 2017-11-15
Bajaj Allianz General Insurance Tapan Singhel MD and CEO[15] 2012 President of the Indo-German Chamber of Commerce 2017-11-15
Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria Carlos Torres Vila Chairman and CEO[16] 2015 Previously with Endesa 2017-11-15
Bank of America Brian Moynihan Chairman and CEO[17] 2009 Previously with FleetBoston Financial until it merged with BOA 2017-11-15
Barclays Jes Staley Group CEO[18] 2015 Succeeded Antony Jenkins 2017-11-15
Berkshire Hathaway Warren Buffett Chairman and CEO 1970 One of the world's wealthiest people 2017-11-15
Best Buy Hubert Joly Chairman and CEO[19] 2012 Previously CEO of Carlson Wagonlit Travel 2017-11-15
Bharti Enterprises Sunil Bharti Mittal Founder and Chairman[20] 1985 Founder of the firm 2017-11-15
Blackstone Group Stephen A. Schwarzman Chairman, CEO and co-founder[21] 1985 Co-founded the firm with Peter George Peterson 2017-11-15
BHP Billiton Andrew Mackenzie CEO[22] 2013 Previously with BP and the Rio Tinto Group 2017-11-15
BMW Harald Krüger Chairman of the Board of Management[23] 2015 Succeeded Norbert Reithofer 2017-11-15
BNY Mellon Charles Scharf CEO[24] 2017 Previously CEO of Visa Inc. 2017-11-15
Boeing Dennis Muilenburg Chairman, president and CEO[25] 2015 Succeeded James McNerney 2017-11-15
Boston Consulting Group Rich Lesser President and CEO[26] 2013 Replaced Hans-Paul Bürkner 2017-11-15
BP Bob Dudley Group CEO[27] 2010 Previously led TNK-BP 2017-11-15
Campbell Soup Company Denise Morrison President and CEO[28] 2011 12th leader of the company 2017-11-14
Canonical Ltd. Mark Shuttleworth Founder and CEO[29] 2017 Stepped down as CEO in 2009 and resumed in 2017 2017-11-14
Capgemini Paul Hermelin Chairman and CEO[30] 2012 Previously a member of the French government 2017-11-14
Capital One Financial Richard Fairbank Founder, Chairman and CEO[31] 1988 Co-founded the firm with Nigel Morris 2017-11-14
Caterpillar Inc. Jim Umpleby CEO[32] 2017 Succeeded Douglas R. Oberhelman 2017-11-14
CBS Corporation Leslie Moonves President and CEO[33] 2006 Previously with Lorimar Television and Warner Bros. Television 2017-11-14
Cisco Systems Chuck Robbins CEO[34] 2015 Succeeded John T. Chambers, who became the chairman 2017-11-14
Citigroup Michael Corbat CEO[35] 2012 Succeeded Vikram Pandit 2017-11-14
Coca-Cola James Quincey Chairman and CEO[36] 2008 Previously the firm's COO 2017-11-14
Cognizant Francisco D'Souza CEO[37] 2007 Succeeded Lakshmi Narayanan 2017-11-14
Comcast Brian L. Roberts Chairman and CEO[38] 2002 Son of Ralph J. Roberts, the founder of Comcast 2017-11-14
Credit Suisse Tidjane Thiam CEO[39] 2015 Formerly with Prudential 2017-11-14
Crown Worldwide Group James E. Thompson Chairman and founder[40] 1965 Founder of the firm 2017-11-14
Daimler AG Dieter Zetsche Chairman of the board of management[41] 2006 Also head of Mercedes-Benz 2017-11-14
Dell Michael Dell Chairman and CEO[42] 1984 Founder of the firm 2017-11-14
Deutsche Bank John Cryan Co-chairman of the management board[43] 2015 Previously with Temasek and UBS 2017-11-14
Deutsche Post Frank Appel CEO[44] 2008 Previously with McKinsey & Co. 2017-11-14
Dow Chemical Company Edward D. Breen CEO[45] 2015 Previously CEO of Tyco International 2017-11-14
Dr. Reddy's G. V. Prasad Co-chairman and CEO[46] 2001 Previously MD of Cheminor Drugs before it was acquired by Dr. Reddy's 2017-11-14
Eastman Kodak Jeff Clarke CEO[47] 2014 Member of the boards of Autodesk and the State University of New York at Geneseo 2017-11-14
Airbus Tom Enders CEO[48] 2012 Succeeded Louis Gallois 2017-11-14
eBay Devin Wenig President and CEO[49] 2015 Third CEO of the company, after Meg Whitman and John Donahoe 2017-11-14
Electronic Arts Andrew Wilson CEO[50] 2013 On the board for Intel 2017-11-14
Ericsson Börje Ekholm President and CEO[51] 2017 On the boards for the Alibaba Group, Nasdaq, Inc., Trimble, and the Royal Institute of Technology. 2017-11-14
Exxon Mobil Darren Woods Chairman and CEO[52] 2017 Replaces Rex Tillerson who became United States Secretary of State 2017-11-14
EY Mark Weinberger Global chairman and CEO[53] 2013 Former Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Tax Policy 2017-11-14
Facebook Mark Zuckerberg Chairman and CEO 2004 Co-founded Facebook in 2004 2017-11-14
FedEx Frederick W. Smith Chairman and CEO[54] 1971 Founder of the company 2017-11-14
Fiat S.p.A. Sergio Marchionne CEO[55] 2004 Also chairman of CNH Industrial, Ferrari, Maserati, Chrysler and SGS S.A. 2017-11-14
Fidelity Investments Abigail Johnson Chairman, president and CEO 2014 Granddaughter of the firm's founder, Edward C. Johnson II 2017-11-14
Ford Motor Company James Hackett President and CEO[56] 2017 Previously CEO of Steelcase, succeeded Mark Fields 2017-11-14
Foxconn Electronics Inc Terry Gou Chairman and CEO[57] 1974 Founder of the firm 2017-11-14
FUBU Daymond John Founder, president and CEO 1992 Also an investor on the American version of Shark Tank 2017-11-14
General Dynamics Phebe Novakovic Chairman and CEO[58] 2014 Worked for the Central Intelligence Agency and the United States Department of Defense 2017-11-14
General Electric John L. Flannery Chairman and CEO[59] 2017 Joined GE in 1987, previously led the firm's healthcare unit 2017-11-14
General Motors Mary T. Barra Chairman and CEO[60] 2014 First female CEO of a major global automaker 2017-11-14
Gerdau André Bier Gerdau Johannpeter CEO and president[61] 2007 Joined the firm in 1980, previously the COO 2017-11-13
GlaxoSmithKline Emma Walmsley CEO[62] 2017 Replaced Andrew Witty on his retirement 2017-11-13
Goldman Sachs Lloyd Blankfein Chairman and CEO[63] 2006 Previously with Proskauer Rose and Donovan, Leisure, Newton & Irvine 2017-11-13
Google Sundar Pichai CEO[64] 2015 Former director of Jive Software from 2011 to 2013 2017-11-13
GMA Network Felipe Gozon Chairman and CEO[65] 2000 A member of the board since 1975 2017-11-13
GVK Group Gunupati Venkata Krishna Reddy Chairman and MD[66] 1992 Founder of the firm 2017-11-13
HCL Technologies C Vijayakumar President and CEO[67] 2016 Joined the firm in 1994, previously the COO 2017-11-13
Henderson Land Development Lee Shau Kee Chairman and MD[68] 1976 Founder of the firm, and one of the richest men in the world 2017-11-13
Hewlett Packard Enterprise Meg Whitman CEO[69] 2015 Previously the CEO of Hewlett-Packard since 2011 before the firm split. 2017-11-13
Honeywell Darius Adamczyk President and CEO[70] 2017 Succeeded David M. Cote (now the executive chairman) 2017-11-13
HP Hood LLC John A. Kaneb Chairman, president and CEO[71] 1995 Acquired the firm in 1995 from Agway 2017-11-13
HSBC Stuart Gulliver Group CEO[72] 2011 John Flint will take over in February 2018. 2017-11-13
IBM Virginia M. Rometty Chairman, president and CEO[73] 2012 With IBM since 1981 and the first woman to head the company 2017-11-13
Infosys Salil Parekh Interim CEO and MD[74] 2018 Previously on the board of Capgemini 2018-02-20
Intel Brian Krzanich CEO[75] 2013 Replaced Paul Otellini 2017-11-13
InterCall Scott Etzler President and CEO 1999 Also serves on the board of Steppenwolf Theater Company[76] 2017-11-13
J.Crew Millard Drexler CEO[77] 2017 Previously with West Elm, J. C. Penney, May Company, Anthropologie, and Urban Outfitters 2017-11-13
Jefferies Group Richard B. Handler Chairman and CEO[78] 2001 Longest tenured CEO of a major Wall Street firm 2017-11-13
JP Morgan Chase James Dimon Chairman and CEO[79] 2004 Also on the board of the New York Federal Reserve 2017-11-13
Kaplan, Inc. Andrew S. Rosen Chairman and CEO[80] 2002 Previously with The Washington Post and Newsweek 2017-11-13
Koch Industries Inc. Charles G. Koch Chairman and CEO[81] 1967 Son of co-founder Fred C. Koch 2017-11-13
Land Securities Robert Noel CEO[82] 2012 Succeeded Francis Salway 2017-11-13
Las Vegas Sands Sheldon Adelson Chairman and CEO[83] 1988 Founder of the Adelson Foundation 2017-11-13
L Brands Les Wexner Founder, Chairman and CEO 1963 Founder of the firm 2018-02-02
Lockheed Martin Marillyn Hewson Chairman, president and CEO[84] 2013 Also serves on the board of Sandia National Laboratories and DuPont 2017-11-13
Marks and Spencer Steve Rowe CEO[85] 2016 Joined the firm in 1989, previously Executive Director of General Merchandise 2017-11-13
McDonald's Steve Easterbrook President and CEO[86] 2015 With the company since 1993 2017-11-13
McKinsey Dominic Barton Global managing partner[87] 2009 Succeeded Ian Davis 2017-11-13
Mesa Air Group Jonathan Ornstein Chairman and CEO[88] 1998 Formerly led Virgin Express and Continental Express 2017-11-13
MetLife Steven A. Kandarian Chairman, president and CEO[89] 2011 Previously executive director for Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation 2017-11-13
MGA Entertainment Isaac Larian CEO 1979 Co-founded the company 2017-11-13
Microsoft Satya Nadella CEO[90] 2014 Was executive vice president of Microsoft's Cloud and Enterprise group 2017-11-13
MicroStrategy Michael J. Saylor Chairman and CEO[91] 1989 Founder of the firm 2018-02-08
Morgan Stanley James P. Gorman Chairman and CEO[92] 2010 Formerly with Merrill Lynch 2017-11-13
Mossy Oak Toxey Haas Founder and CEO[93] 1986 Founder of the firm 2017-11-13
Mozilla Corporation Chris Beard CEO[94] 2014 Previously CFO 2017-11-13
National Amusements Sumner Redstone Chairman and CEO[95] 1967 Formerly executive chairman of CBS and Viacom 2017-11-12
NBCUniversal Steve Burke CEO[96] 2011 Also serves on boards of Berkshire Hathaway and JPMorgan Chase 2017-11-12
NCR Corporation Bill Nuti Chairman and CEO[97] 2005 Previously CEO of Symbol Technologies 2017-11-12
News Corp Robert James Thomson CEO[98] 2013 Previously managing editor of The Wall Street Journal 2017-11-12
New York Times Company Mark Thompson President and CEO[99] 2012 Succeeded Janet L. Robinson and was previously Director-General of the BBC 2017-11-12
NIIT Vijay K. Thadani Vice chairman and MD[100] 1981 Co-founder 2017-11-12
Nike Mark Parker Chairman and CEO[101] 2006 Third CEO of the company 2017-11-12
Nokia Rajeev Suri President and CEO[102] 2014 Previously CEO of Nokia Solutions and Networks 2017-11-12
Novartis Vasant Narasimhan CEO 2017 Former engineer for Public Service Enterprise Group 2017-11-12
Nintendo Tatsumi Kimishima Representative director and president[103] 2015 Succeeded Satoru Iwata after his death 2017-11-12
Oath Inc. Tim Armstrong CEO[104] 2009 Oath is the parent to AOL, Armstrong was formerly with Google 2017-11-15
Oracle Corporation Safra Catz CEO[105] 2014 Co-CEO following Larry Ellison 2017-11-12
Oracle Corporation Mark Hurd CEO[105] 2014 Co-CEO following Larry Ellison; previously with Hewlett-Packard 2017-11-12
PepsiCo Indra Nooyi Chairman and CEO[106] 2006 Formerly CFO, joined the firm in 1994 2017-11-12
Pfizer Ian Read Chairman and CEO[107] 2010 Succeeded Jeff Kindler and Henry McKinnell 2017-11-12
Polo Ralph Lauren Patrice Louvet President and CEO[108] 2017 Follows Stefan Larsson and Ralph Lauren 2017-11-12
Procter & Gamble David S. Taylor President and CEO[109] 2015 Succeeded A.G. Lafley 2017-11-12
Prudential Financial, Inc. John Strangfeld Chairman and CEO[110] 2008 With the firm since 1977 2017-11-12
Qantas Alan Joyce CEO and MD[111] 2008 Formerly with Aer Lingus and Ansett Australia 2017-11-12
Reliance Group Anil Ambani Chairman[112] 2006 Son of founder Dhirubhai Ambani 2017-11-12
Reliance Industries Limited Mukesh Ambani Chairman and MD[113] 2002 One of India's wealthiest people 2017-11-12
Renault Carlos Ghosn Chairman and CEO[114] 2005 Former CEO of Nissan 2017-11-12
Rite Aid Corporation John T. Standley Chairman and CEO[115] 2010 Succeeded Mary F. Sammons 2017-11-12
Royal Bank of Canada David I. McKay President and CEO[116] 2014 Succeeded Gordon Nixon 2017-11-12
Royal Bank of Scotland Ross McEwan CEO[117] 2013 Succeeded Stephen Hester 2017-11-12
Royal Dutch Shell Ben van Beurden CEO[118] 2014 Joined Shell in 1983, succeeded Peter Voser 2017-11-12
Ryanair Michael O'Leary CEO[119] 1994 One of Ireland's wealthiest businessmen 2017-11-12
S. C. Johnson & Son Herbert Fisk Johnson III Chairman and CEO[120] 2004 Great-great grandson of company founder Samuel Curtis Johnson Sr. 2017-11-12
The Salvation Army Andre Cox General and CEO [121] 2013 Joined the organization in 1979 2017-12-17
Samsung Oh-Hyun Kwon Chairman and CEO[122] 2012 Joined the firm in 1985 2017-11-12
SAP AG Bill McDermott CEO[123] 2010 Previously co-CEO with Jim Hagemann Snabe 2017-11-12
SAS Institute James Goodnight CEO[124] 1976 Founded the company after leaving North Carolina State University 2017-11-12
Schneider Electric Jean-Pascal Tricoire Chairman and CEO[125] 2006 Replaced Henri Lachman 2017-11-12
Siemens Joe Kaeser President and CEO[126] 2013 Succeeds Peter Löscher 2017-11-12
Simon Property Group David Simon Chairman and CEO[127] 1995 Son of founder and real estate developer Melvin Simon 2017-11-12
Singtel Chua Sock Koong Group CEO[128] 2007 Joined the firm in 1989 2017-11-12
SoftBank Masayoshi Son Chairman and CEO[129] 1981 Founder of the firm, also chairman of Sprint Corporation 2017-11-12
Solera Holdings Tony Aquila Chairman and CEO[130] 2005 Previously COO of Mitchell International 2017-11-12
Southwest Airlines Gary C. Kelly Chairman and CEO[131] 2008 Replaced co-founder Herb Kelleher 2017-11-12
Sonic Corporation J. Clifford Hudson Chairman, CEO and president[132] 1995 Also a trustee for the Ford Foundation 2017-11-12
Sony Kazuo Hirai President and CEO[133] 2012 Previously part of Sony Interactive Entertainment 2017-11-11
Starbucks Coffee Company Kevin Johnson President and CEO[134] 2017 Previously CEO for Juniper Networks; succeeds Howard Schultz 2017-11-11
Sun Hung Kai Properties Raymond Kwok Chairman and MD[135] 2011 Has been with the firm since 1978 2017-11-11
Sun Pharmaceutical Dilip Shanghvi MD[136] 1983 Has led the firm since its founding 2017-11-11
SunTrust Banks William H. Rogers Jr. Chairman and CEO[137] 2011 Succeeded James M. Wells, III 2017-11-11
Syntel Rakesh Khanna CEO and president[138] 2016 Previously the firm's chief operating office 2017-11-11
Target Corporation Brian Cornell Chairman and CEO[139] 2008 Succeeded Gregg Steinhafel 2017-11-11
Tata Consultancy Services Rajesh Gopinathan CEO and MD[140] 2016 Replaced N Chandrasekaran 2017-11-11
Telstra Andy Penn CEO[141] 2015 Previously CFO 2017-11-11
Temasek Holdings Ho Ching CEO[142] 2002 Listed as one of the most powerful woman in the world by Forbes[143] 2017-11-11
Tesco Dave Lewis Group CEO[144] 2014 Previously with Unilever 2017-11-11
Time Warner Jeffrey L. Bewkes Chairman and CEO[145] 2008 Previously with Citibank and HBO 2017-11-11
Tod's Diego Della Valle MD 1970 Grandson of Filippo Della Valle, the firm's founder 2017-11-11
The Travelers Companies Alan D. Schnitzer Chairman and CEO[146] 2015 Previously over the firm's Business and International Insurance segment 2017-11-11
Toyota Akio Toyoda President and director[147] 2009 Son of Shoichiro Toyoda, the former chairman 2017-11-11
T. Rowe Price Bill Stromberg President and CEO[148] 2016 Has been with the firm since 1987 2017-02-24
Twitter Jack Dorsey CEO[149] 2006 Co-founder 2017-11-11
United Airlines Oscar Munoz CEO[150] 2015 Formerly with United Continental Holdings 2017-11-11
UBS Sergio Ermotti Group CEO[151] 2011 Previously with UniCredit 2017-11-11
Valeant Pharmaceuticals Joseph C. Papa Chairman and CEO[152] 2016 Succeeding J. Michael Pearson 2017-11-11
Verizon Communications Lowell McAdam Chairman and CEO[153] 2011 Former CEO of Verizon Wireless 2017-11-11
Viacom Robert Bakish President and CEO[154] 2011 Has been with the firm since 1997 2017-11-11
Vodafone Vittorio Colao CEO[155] 2008 Also director at Unilever 2017-11-11
Volkswagen Group Matthias Müller Chairman of the executive board[156] 2015 Previously with Porsche 2017-11-11
Vulcan Inc. Bill Hilf CEO[157] 2016 Succeeded Paul Allen, who remains chairman 2017-11-11
The Walt Disney Company Bob Iger Chairman and CEO[158] 2005 Previously led American Broadcasting Company 2017-11-11
Walgreens Boots Alliance Stefano Pessina Executive vice chairman and CEO[159] 2015 Holding company of Walgreens and Boots UK 2017-11-11
Wal-Mart Doug McMillon President and CEO[160] 2014 Previously lead for Sam's Club 2017-11-11
Warner Bros. Kevin Tsujihara Chairman and CEO[161] 2013 First person of Asian descent to run a major Hollywood studio; succeeded Barry Meyer 2017-11-11
Wells Fargo Timothy J. Sloan CEO and president[162] 2016 Succeeded John Stumpf, previously COO 2017-11-11
Whole Foods Market John Mackey CEO[163] 1980 Co-founder 2017-11-11
Williams-Sonoma Laura J. Alber President and CEO[164] 2010 Replaced W. Howard Lester 2017-11-11
Wipro Technologies Limited Abidali Neemuchwala CEO[165] 2016 Previously with Tata Consultancy Services 2017-11-11
World Wrestling Entertainment Vince McMahon Chairman and CEO[166] 2009 Chairman of the Executive Committee 2017-11-11
Yum! Brands Greg Creed CEO[167] 2015 Previously CEO for Taco Bell 2017-11-11
See also[edit]
Chief executive officer
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ "Board, Committee and Charters – World Wrestling Entertainment Inc". Corporate.wwe.com. Retrieved 2017-11-12.
Jump up ^ "Senior Officers – Yum! Brands". Yum.com. Retrieved 2017-11-12.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chief executive officers.
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