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Foreign trade of the United States
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World trade
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Terms of trade
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US Trade Balance and Trade Policies (1895–2015)
Real Hourly Compensation (1948–2013) and Trade Policies [1]
Real GDP, Real Wages and Trade Policy in the US (1947–2014)
Imports vs exports & net imports
China–US trade Imbalance
US Trade Balance 1980 2010
Deteriorating US net international investment position (NIIP) has caused concern among economists over the effects of outsourcing and high US trade deficits over the long-run.[2]
Foreign trade of the United States comprises the international imports and exports of the United States, one of the world's most significant economic markets. The country is among the top three global importers and exporters.
US Merchandise Trade Balance (2011)
Merchandise exports (1870–1992)
US manufacturing employment
The regulation of trade is constitutionally vested in the United States Congress. After the Great Depression, the country emerged as among the most significant global trade policy-makers, and it is now a partner to a number of international trade agreements, including the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). Gross U.S. assets held by foreigners were $16.3 trillion as of the end of 2006 (over 100% of GDP).
Contents
[hide]
1 Introduction
2 History
3 Trade policy
4 Customs territory
5 Investment in the United States
6 Trade agreements
7 Internal institutions
8 Imports and exports
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Introduction[edit]
The country has trade relations with many other countries. Within that, the trade with Europe and Asia is predominant. To fulfill the demands of the industrial sector, the country has to import mineral oil and iron ore on a large scale. Machinery, cotton yarn, toys, mineral oil, lubricants, steel, tea, sugar, coffee, and many more items are traded. The country's export list includes food grains like wheat, corn, and soybean. Aeroplane, cars, computers, paper, and machine tools required for different industries. In 2016 United States current account balance was -$469,400,000,000.[3]
History[edit]
Main articles: List of tariffs in the United States, Tariffs in United States history, and Protectionism in the United States
See also: American Civil War
The Constitution gives Congress express power over the imposition of tariffs and the regulation of international trade. As a result, Congress can enact laws including those that: establish tariff rates; implement trade agreements; provide remedies against unfairly traded imports; control exports of sensitive technology; and extend tariff preferences to imports from developing countries. Over time, and under carefully prescribed circumstances, Congress has delegated some of its trade authority to the Executive Branch. Congress, however, has, in some cases, kept tight reins on the use of this authority by requiring that certain trade laws and programs be renewed; and by requiring the Executive Branch to issue reports to Congress to monitor the implementation of the trade laws and programs.[4]
The authority of Congress to regulate international trade is set out in Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 1 of the United States Constitution:
The Congress shall have power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and to promote the general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;
The Embargo Act of 1807 was designed to force Britain to rescind its restrictions on American trade, but failed, and was repealed in early 1809.
During the Civil War period, leaders of the Confederacy were confident that Britain would come to their aid because of British reliance on Southern cotton.[5] The Union was able to avoid this, through skillful use of diplomacy and threats to other aspects of European-U.S. trade relations.
According to Michael Lind, protectionism was America's de facto policy from the passage of the Tariff of 1816 to World War II, "switching to free trade only in 1945".[6] It has been argued that one of the underlying motivations for the American Revolution itself was a desire to industrialize, and reverse the trade deficit with Britain, which had grown by a factor of ten in the space of a few decades, from £67,000 (1721–30) to £739,000 (1761–70).[7]
According to Paul Bairoch, since the end of the 18th century, the United States has been "the homeland and bastion of modern protectionism". In fact, the United States never adhered to free trade until 1945. A very protectionist policy was adopted as soon as the presidency of George Washington by Alexander Hamilton, the first US Secretary of the Treasury from 1789 to 1795 and author of the text Report on Manufactures which called for customs barriers to allow American industrial development and to help protect infant industries, including bounties (subsidies) derived in part from those tariffs. This text was one of the references of the German economist Friedrich List (1789–1846). The United States has become the main opposition to free trade and this policy remained throughout the 19th century and the overall level of tariffs was very high (close to 50% in 1830). The victory of the protectionist states of the North over the free trade southern states at the end of the Civil War (1861–1865) perpetuated this trend, even during periods of free trade in Europe (1860–1880).[8]
Hamilton explained that despite an initial “increase of price” caused by regulations that control foreign competition, once a “domestic manufacture has attained to perfection… it invariably becomes cheaper.” George Washington signed the Tariff Act of 1789, making it the Republic's second ever piece of legislation. Increasing the domestic supply of manufactured goods, particularly war materials, was seen as an issue of national security. Washington and Hamilton believed that political independence was predicated upon economic independence.[9]
In the 19th century, statesmen such as Senator Henry Clay continued Hamilton's themes within the Whig Party under the name "American System." The fledgling Republican Party led by Abraham Lincoln, who called himself a "Henry Clay tariff Whig", strongly opposed free trade, and implemented a 44-percent tariff during the Civil War—in part to pay for railroad subsidies and for the war effort, and to protect favored industries.[10]
From 1871 to 1913, “the average U.S. tariff on dutiable imports never fell below 38 percent [and] gross national product (GNP) grew 4.3 percent annually, twice the pace in free trade Britain and well above the U.S. average in the 20th century,” notes Alfred Eckes Jr., chairman of the U.S. International Trade Commission under President Reagan.
In 1896, the GOP platform pledged to “renew and emphasize our allegiance to the policy of protection, as the bulwark of American industrial independence, and the foundation of development and prosperity. This true American policy taxes foreign products and encourages home industry. It puts the burden of revenue on foreign goods; it secures the American market for the American producer. It upholds the American standard of wages for the American workingman.”
While the United States has always participated in international trade, it did not take a leading role in global trade policy-making until the Great Depression. Congress and The Executive Branch came into conflict in deciding the mix of trade promotion and protectionism. In order to stimulate employment, Congress passed the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act of 1934, allowing the executive branch to negotiate bilateral trade agreements for a fixed period of time.[citation needed] During the 1930s the amount of bilateral negotiation under this act was fairly limited, and consequently did little to expand global trade.
Near the end of the Second World War U.S. policy makers began to experiment on a broader level. In the 1940s, working with the British government, the United States developed two innovations to expand and govern trade among nations: the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the International Trade Organization (ITO). GATT was a temporary multilateral agreement designed to provide a framework of rules and a forum to negotiate trade barrier reductions among nations.
The growing importance of international trade led to the establishment of the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative in 1963 by Executive Order 11075, originally called The Office of the Special Representative for Trade Negotiations.[11]
Trade policy[edit]
China gains entry to the WTO as Most favoured nation in early 2000s.
United States trade policy has varied widely through various American historical and industrial periods. As a major developed nation, the U.S. has relied heavily on the import of raw materials and the export of finished goods. Because of the significance for American economy and industry, much weight has been placed on trade policy by elected officials and business leaders.[12]
The 1920s marked a decade of economic growth in the United States following a Classical supply side policy.[13] U.S. President Warren Harding signed the Emergency Tariff of 1921 and the Fordney–McCumber Tariff of 1922. Harding's policies reduced taxes and protected U.S. business and agriculture.[14] Following the Great Depression and World War II, the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference brought the Bretton Woods currency agreement followed by the economy of the 1950s and 1960s. In 1971, President Richard Nixon ended U.S. ties to Bretton Woods, leaving the U.S. with a floating fiat currency. The stagflation of the 1970s saw a U.S. economy characterized by slower GDP growth. In 1988, the United States ranked first in the world in the Economist Intelligence Unit "quality of life index" and third in the Economic Freedom of the World Index.[15]
Over the long run, nations with trade surpluses tend also to have a savings surplus. The U.S. generally has developed lower savings rates than its trading partners, which have tended to have trade surpluses. Germany, France, Japan, and Canada have maintained higher savings rates than the U.S. over the long run.[16]
Some economists believe that GDP and employment can be dragged down by an over-large deficit over the long run.[17] Others believe that trade deficits are good for the economy.[18] The opportunity cost of a forgone tax base may outweigh perceived gains, especially where artificial currency pegs and manipulations are present to distort trade.[19]
In 2006, the primary economic concerns focused on: high national debt ($9 trillion), high non-bank corporate debt ($9 trillion), high mortgage debt ($9 trillion), high financial institution debt ($12 trillion), high unfunded Medicare liability ($30 trillion), high unfunded Social Security liability ($12 trillion), high external debt (amount owed to foreign lenders) and a serious deterioration in the United States net international investment position (NIIP) (−24% of GDP),[2] high trade deficits, and a rise in illegal immigration.[20][21]
These issues have raised concerns among economists and unfunded liabilities were mentioned as a serious problem facing the United States in the President's 2006 State of the Union address.[21][22] On June 26, 2009, Jeff Immelt, the CEO of General Electric, called for the U.S. to increase its manufacturing base employment to 20% of the workforce, commenting that the U.S. has outsourced too much in some areas and can no longer rely on the financial sector and consumer spending to drive demand.[23]
U.S. deficit by country (in billions, goods only), 2014
In 1985, the U.S. had just begun a growing trade deficit with China. During the 1990s, the U.S. trade deficit became a more excessive long-run trade deficit, mostly with Asia. By 2012, the U.S. trade deficit, fiscal budget deficit, and federal debt increased to record or near-record levels following the implementation of broad unconditional or unilateral U.S. free trade policies and formal trade agreements in the preceding decades.[24][25]
The US last had a trade surplus in 1975.[26] However, recessions may cause short-run anomalies to rising trade deficits. The balance of trade in the United States has been a concern among economists and business people. Warren Buffett, founder of Berkshire Hathaway, was quoted in the Associated Press (January 20, 2006) as saying "The U.S. trade deficit is a bigger threat to the domestic economy than either the federal budget deficit or consumer debt and could lead to political turmoil... Right now, the rest of the world owns $3 trillion more of us than we own of them."
In both a 1987 guest editorial to the Omaha-World Herald and a more detailed 2003 Fortune article, Buffett proposed a tool called Import Certificates as a solution to the United States' problem and ensure balanced trade. "The rest of the world owns a staggering $2.5 trillion more of the U.S. than we own of other countries. Some of this $2.5 trillion is invested in claim checks—U.S. bonds, both governmental and private—and some in such assets as property and equity securities."[27]
Today[when?] the United States' largest trading partner is Canada.[28] China has seen substantial economic growth in the past 50 years[when?] and though a nuclear-security summit that took place in early 2010 President Obama hoped to insure another 50 years of growth between the two countries. On April 19, 2010, President Obama met with China's President Hu Jintao to discuss trade policies between the two countries.[29]
Though the US trade deficit has been stubborn, and tends to be the largest by dollar volume of any nation, even the most extreme months as measured by percent of GDP there are nations that are far more noteworthy. Case in point, post 2015 Nepal earthquake, Nepal's trade gap (in goods & services) was a shocking 33.3% of GDP[30] although heavy remittances considerably offset that number. According to the US Department of Commerce Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), January 27, 2017 report, the GDP "increased 4.0 percent, or $185.5 billion, in the fourth quarter of 2016 to a level of $18,860.8 billion."[31]
Customs territory[edit]
The main customs territory of the United States includes the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the territory of Puerto Rico, with the exception of over 200 foreign trade zones designated to encourage economic activity. People and goods entering this territory are subject to inspection by U.S. Customs and Border Protection. The remaining insular areas are separate customs territories administered largely by local authorities:
American Samoa
Guam
Northern Mariana Islands
United States Minor Outlying Islands (mostly uninhabited)
United States Virgin Islands
Transportation of certain living things or agricultural products may be prohibited even within a customs territory. This is enforced by U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the federal Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, and even state authorities such as the California Department of Food and Agriculture.
Investment in the United States[edit]
Gross U.S. assets held by foreigners were $16.3 trillion as of the end of 2006 (over 100% of GDP). The U.S. net international investment position (NIIP)[32] became a negative $2.5 trillion at the end of 2006, or about minus 19% of GDP.[2][33]
This figure rises as long as the US maintains an imbalance in trade, when the value of imports substantially outweighs the value of exports. This external debt does not result mostly from loans to Americans or the American government, nor is it consumer debt owed to non-US creditors. It is an accounting entry that largely represents US domestic assets purchased with trade dollars and owned overseas, largely by US trading partners.[34]
For countries like the United States, a large net external debt is created when the value of foreign assets (debt and equity) held by domestic residents is less than the value of domestic assets held by foreigners. In simple terms, as foreigners buy property in the US, this adds to the external debt. When this occurs in greater amounts than Americans buying property overseas, nations like the United States are said to be debtor nations, but this is not conventional debt like a loan obtained from a bank.[2][32]
Account balance as of 2006[35]
If the external debt represents foreign ownership of domestic assets, the result is that rental income, stock dividends, capital gains and other investment income is received by foreign investors, rather than by U.S. residents. On the other hand, when American debt is held by overseas investors, they receive interest and principal repayments. As the trade imbalance puts extra dollars in hands outside of the U.S., these dollars may be used to invest in new assets (foreign direct investment, such as new plants) or be used to buy existing American assets such as stocks, real estate and bonds. With a mounting trade deficit, the income from these assets increasingly transfers overseas.[2][32]
Of major concern is the magnitude of the NIIP (or net external debt), which is larger than those of most national economies. Fueled by the sizable trade deficit, the external debt is so large that economists are concerned over whether the current account deficit is unsustainable. A complicating factor is that trading partners such as China, depend for much of their economy on exports, especially to America. There are many controversies about the current trade and external debt situation, and it is arguable whether anyone understands how these dynamics will play out in a historically unprecedented floating exchange rate system. While various aspects of the U.S. economic profile have precedents in the situations of other countries (notably government debt as a percentage of GDP), the sheer size of the U.S., and the integral role of the US economy in the overall global economic environment, create considerable uncertainty about the future.[2][32]
According to economists such as Larry Summers and Paul Krugman, the enormous inflow of capital from China is one of the causes of the global financial crisis of 2008–2009. China had been buying huge quantities of dollar assets to keep its currency value low and its export economy humming, which caused American interest rates and saving rates to remain artificially low. These low interest rates, in turn, contributed to the United States housing bubble because when mortgages are cheap, house prices are inflated as people can afford to borrow more.[36][37]
Trade agreements[edit]
United States
Free-trade areas
2008 Exports, Imports[38] 2009 Exports, Imports[39]
The United States is a partner to many trade agreements, shown in the chart below and the map to the right.
The United States has also negotiated many Trade and Investment Framework Agreements, which are often precursors to free trade agreements. It has also negotiated many bilateral investment treaties, which concern the movement of capital rather than goods.
The U.S. is a member of several international trade organizations. The purpose of joining these organizations is to come to agreement with other nations on trade issues, although there is domestic political controversy to whether or not the U.S. government should be making these trade agreements in the first place. These organizations include:
World Trade Organization
Organization of American States
Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America
[show]
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United States free-trade agreements
Existing
Bilateral
Australia
Bahrain
Chile
Colombia
Israel
Jordan
Morocco
Oman
Panama
Peru
Singapore
South Korea
Multilateral
Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR)
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Proposed
Bilateral
Ecuador
Ghana
Indonesia
Kenya
Kuwait
Malaysia
Mauritius
Mozambique
New Zealand
Taiwan
United Arab Emirates
Uruguay
Multilateral
Middle East Free Trade Area (MEFTA)
Transatlantic Free Trade Area (TAFTA)
Trade in Services Agreement (TISA)
Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP)
Suspended
Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) (no interest since 2005)
Southern African Customs Union (on hold since 2006)
Thailand (on hold after 2006 coup)
Qatar (on hold since 2006)
Defunct or
expired
Canada (became part of North American Free Trade Agreement)
Canada–United States Automotive Products Agreement
Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)
Internal institutions[edit]
American foreign trade is regulated internally by:
United States Court of International Trade
United States International Trade Commission
Imports and exports[edit]
See also: List of imports of the United States, List of exports of the United States, and List of the largest trading partners of the United States
Proportion of US exports to imports 1960–2004
US exports of goods and services 1960–2004
US imports of goods and services 1960–2004
US exported $1.44 trillion to other countries in 2014
US exports of goods by country in 2004 (does not include exports of services)
US imports of goods by country in 2004 (does not include imports of services)
US imported $2.13 trillion from other countries in 2014
See also[edit]
Business and economics portal
United States portal
Comparison of imports vs exports of the United States
Federal Trade Commission Act
Trade Act of 2002
Trading with the Enemy Act 1917
Trade wars
Tariff in American history
Mergers
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ravikumar, B.; Shao, Lin. "Labor Compensation and Labor Productivity: Recent Recoveries and the Long-Term Trend". Retrieved 15 March 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Bivens, L. Josh (December 14, 2004). Debt and the dollar Archived December 17, 2004, at the Wayback Machine. Economic Policy Institute. Retrieved on July 8, 2007.
Jump up ^ "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". Cia.gov. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Bolle, Mary Jane (2007-10-02). "U.S. Trade Statutes: Expiration Dates and Mandated Periodic Reports to Congress" (PDF). Retrieved 2008-07-24. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
Jump up ^ U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian Preventing Diplomatic Recognition of the Confederacy
Jump up ^ Michael Lind, "Free Trade Fallacy", New America Foundation, January 1, 2003.
Jump up ^ Morrison, Spencer P (2016). America Betrayed. Edmonton: Outremer Publishing Ltd. p. 67.
Jump up ^ Morrison, Spencer P. (December 23, 2016). "America's Protectionist Past: The Hidden History Of Trade". National Economics Editorial. Retrieved January 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ Morrison, Spencer P. (December 23, 2016). "America's Protectionist Past: The Hidden History Of Trade". National Economics Editorial. Retrieved December 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ Lind, Matthew. "Free Trade Fallacy". Prospect. Archived from the original on January 6, 2006. Retrieved January 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ International Trade and Investment art S. Fisher and Michael P. Malloy
Jump up ^ "World Business Leaders Urge Trade Ministers To Seize The Opportunity to Resurrect the Doha Round - Trade Resource Center - Business Roundtable". 3 January 2006. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Joseph A. Schumpeter, "The Decade of the Twenties", American Economic Review vol. 36, No. 2, (May, 1946), pp. 1–10 in JSTOR
Jump up ^ "The Harding/Coolidge Prosperity of the 1920s". Calvin-coolidge.org. Archived from the original on 2009-03-12. Retrieved 2009-03-30.
Jump up ^ Star Parker (December 17, 2012).Tea Partiers must hang tough.Urbancure.com
Jump up ^ "The shift away from thrift". The Economist, April 7, 2005.
Jump up ^ Causes and Consequences of the Trade Deficit: An Overview Archived March 15, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Growing Trade Deficit Good News for U.S. Economy". Blog.heritage.org. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Bivens, Josh (September 25, 2006 ).China Manipulates Its Currency – A Response is Needed. Economic Policy Institute. Retrieved on February 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ Phillips, Kevin (2007). Bad Money: Reckless Finance, Failed Politics, and the Global Crisis of American Capitalism. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-314328-4.
^ Jump up to: a b Cauchon, Dennis and John Waggoner (October 3, 2004). The Looming National Benefit Crisis USA Today
Jump up ^ George W. Bush (2006) State of the Union. Retrieved on April 17, 2009. Archived November 23, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Bailey, David and Soyoung Kim (June 26, 2009).GE's Immelt says U.S. economy needs industrial renewal. UK Guardian.. Retrieved on June 28, 2009. Archived August 15, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "U.S. Trade in Goods and Services – Balance of Payments, 1960 through 2014". Census.gov. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "FTD – Statistics – Country Data – U.S. Trade Balance with World (Seasonally Adjusted)". Census.gov. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-05-17. Retrieved 2013-02-04.
Jump up ^ America's Growing Trade Deficit Warren E. Buffett
Jump up ^ Division, US Census Bureau Foreign Trade. "Foreign Trade: Data". Census.gov. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "EBSCOhost Login". search.ebscohost.com. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Nepal's trade deficit soars to 33.34 percent of GDP". Kathmandupost.ekantipur.com. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) (January 27, 2017), "National Income and Product Accounts : Gross Domestic Product: Fourth Quarter and Annual 2016 (Advance Estimate)", US Department of Commerce, retrieved February 24, 2017
^ Jump up to: a b c d Chapter 5–10: The International Investment Position. International Finance Theory and Policy. 3 June 2004. Retrieved 17 November 2008.
Jump up ^ "News Release: U.S. International Investment Position, 2006". BEA. June 28, 2007. Retrieved 2008-11-17.
Jump up ^ Bivens, L. Josh (December 14, 2004). "Debt and the dollar: The United States damages future living standards by borrowing itself into a deceptively deep hole". Epinet.org. Retrieved 2009-06-28.
Jump up ^ Current account balance, U.S. dollars, Billions from International Monetary Fund World Economic Outlook Database, April 2008
Jump up ^ "Reflections on Global Account Imbalances and Emerging Markets Reserve Accumulation". 9 May 2008. Archived from the original on 9 May 2008. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Unofficial Paul Krugman Web Page". Pkarchive.org. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "2009 US Trade by Country and Area" (PDF). Census.gov. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "2008 US Trade by Country and Area" (PDF). Census.gov. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
External links[edit]
Comprehensive US Trade Data
[show]
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text:
Rainy Days and Mondays
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Rainy Days and Mondays"
Single by The Carpenters
from the album Carpenters
B-side
"Saturday"
Released
May 21, 1971
Format
7" single
Recorded
1971
Genre
Pop
Length
3:36
Label
A&M 1260
Songwriter(s)
Paul Williams; Roger Nichols
Producer(s)
Jack Daugherty
The Carpenters singles chronology
"For All We Know"
(1971) "Rainy Days and Mondays"
(1971) "Superstar"
(1971)
"For All We Know"
(1971) "Rainy Days and Mondays"
(1971) "Superstar"
(1971)
Carpenters track listing
Side one
"Rainy Days and Mondays"
"Saturday"
"Let Me Be the One"
"(A Place to) Hideaway"
"For All We Know"
Side two
"Superstar"
"Druscilla Penny"
"One Love"
"Bacharach/David Medley"
"Sometimes"
"Rainy Days and Mondays" is a 1971 song by The Carpenters, with instrumental backing by L.A. session musicians from the Wrecking Crew,[1] that went to number 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and it was the duo's fourth number 1 song on the Adult Contemporary singles chart.[2] However, the song failed to chart in the United Kingdom until it went to number 63 in a reissue there in 1993. "Rainy Days and Mondays" was certified Gold by the RIAA.
The song was composed in 1971 by the then fairly unknown composers Roger Nichols and Paul Williams. It was released as the first track on the album Carpenters, popularly known as the Tan Album, and the B-side on the single is "Saturday", written and sung by Richard Carpenter.
Contents
[hide]
1 Personnel
2 Chart performance
2.1 Weekly charts
2.2 Year-end charts
3 Compilations
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Personnel[edit]
Karen Carpenter - lead and backing vocals
Richard Carpenter - backing vocals, piano, Wurlitzer electric piano, orchestration
Joe Osborn - bass
Hal Blaine - drums
Tommy Morgan - harmonica
Bob Messenger - alto saxophone
Chart performance[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1971)
Peak
position
US Billboard Hot 100 2
US Billboard Easy Listening 1
US Cash Box Top 100 2
Canada RPM Top Singles 3
Canada RPM Adult Contemporary[3] 1
New Zealand[4] 19
Australia 35
Japan (Oricon) 71
Chart (1993)
Peak
position
United Kingdom 63
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1971)
Rank
Australia 122
Canada[5] 42
US Billboard Hot 100[6] 37
US Easy Listening (Billboard)[7] 4
US Cash Box Top 100[8] 33
Compilations[edit]
Yesterday Once More
From the Top
Interpretations
Love Songs
The Essential Collection
Carpenters: Gold 35th Anniversary Edition
See also[edit]
List of number-one adult contemporary singles of 1971 (U.S.)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Hartman, Kent (2012). The Wrecking Crew. St. Martin’s Griffin. pp. 261–263. ISBN 978-1-250-03046-7.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2002). Top Adult Contemporary: 1961-2001. Record Research. p. 47.
Jump up ^ http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/films-videos-sound-recordings/rpm/Pages/image.aspx?Image=nlc008388.5347&URLjpg=http%3a%2f%2fwww.collectionscanada.gc.ca%2fobj%2f028020%2ff4%2fnlc008388.5347.gif&Ecopy=nlc008388.5347
Jump up ^ "flavour of new zealand - search listener". Flavourofnz.co.nz. Retrieved 2016-10-05.
Jump up ^ http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?brws_s=1&file_num=nlc008388.7590&type=1&interval=24&PHPSESSID=mhe12pta2k83e08udtq66ot062
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Hits of 1971/Top 100 Songs of 1971". Musicoutfitters.com. Retrieved 2016-10-05.
Jump up ^ Billboard. Books.google.co.uk. 1971-12-25. p. 15. Retrieved 2016-10-05.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2016-05-30.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[hide]
v
t
e
The Carpenters
Karen Carpenter
Richard Carpenter
Albums
Offering (Ticket to Ride)
Close to You
Carpenters
A Song for You
Now & Then
Horizon
A Kind of Hush
Passage
Made in America
Voice of the Heart
Lovelines
As Time Goes By
Live albums
Live in Japan
Live at the Palladium
Compilation albums
The Singles: 1969–1973
The Singles: 1974–1978
The Very Best of the Carpenters
Yesterday Once More
Only Yesterday
From the Top
Interpretations: A 25th Anniversary Celebration
Love Songs
Reflections
The Singles: 1969–1981
The Essential Collection: 1965–1997
Carpenters Perform Carpenter
Gold: 35th Anniversary Edition
The Ultimate Collection
40/40
Other
Christmas Portrait
An Old-Fashioned Christmas
Time (Richard Carpenter)
Karen Carpenter (album)
Pianist, Arranger, Composer, Conductor (Richard Carpenter)
Singles
"Looking for Love"
"Ticket to Ride"
"(They Long to Be) Close to You"
"We've Only Just Begun"
"Merry Christmas, Darling"
"For All We Know"
"Rainy Days and Mondays"
"Superstar"
"Bless the Beasts and Children"
"Hurting Each Other"
"It's Going to Take Some Time"
"Goodbye to Love"
"Sing"
"Yesterday Once More"
"Top of the World"
"Jambalaya (On the Bayou)"
"I Won't Last a Day Without You"
"Please Mr. Postman"
"Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town"
"Only Yesterday"
"Solitaire"
"There's a Kind of Hush (All Over the World)"
"I Need to Be in Love"
"Goofus"
"Breaking Up Is Hard to Do"
"All You Get from Love Is a Love Song"
"Calling Occupants of Interplanetary Craft"
"The Christmas Song (Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire)"
"Sweet, Sweet Smile"
"I Believe You"
"Touch Me When We're Dancing"
"(Want You) Back in My Life Again"
"Those Good Old Dreams"
"Beechwood 4-5789"
"Make Believe It's Your First Time"
"Your Baby Doesn't Love You Anymore"
"Now"
"Little Altar Boy"
"Honolulu City Lights"
"Something in Your Eyes"
"If I Had You"
"Let Me Be the One"
"Tryin' to Get the Feeling Again"
"Ave Maria"
"The Rainbow Connection"
TV series/specials
Make Your Own Kind of Music
Live at the BBC
Very First TV Special
Space Encounters
A Christmas Portrait
Music, Music, Music
DVDs
Gold: Greatest Hits
Interpretations
Close to You: Remembering the Carpenters
Related articles
Discography
Songs
John Bettis
Joe Osborn
Tony Peluso
If I Were a Carpenter
The Karen Carpenter Story
Superstar: The Karen Carpenter Story
Book
Category
This 1970s single–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
v
t
e
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rainy_Days_and_Mondays&oldid=819487864"
Categories:
1971 singles
Songs written by Paul Williams (songwriter)
Songs written by Roger Nichols (songwriter)
The Carpenters songs
Andy Williams songs
Billboard Adult Contemporary number-one singles
A&M Records singles
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This page was last edited on 9 January 2018, at 17:04.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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text:
Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous
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Miss Congeniality 2:
Armed and Fabulous
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
John Pasquin
Produced by
Sandra Bullock
Marc Lawrence
Written by
Marc Lawrence
Based on
Characters
by Marc Lawrence
Katie Ford
Caryn Lucas
Starring
Sandra Bullock
Regina King
Enrique Murciano
William Shatner
Ernie Hudson
Heather Burns
Diedrich Bader
Treat Williams
Music by
John Van Tongeren
Cinematography
Peter Menzies Jr.
Edited by
Garth Craven
Production
company
Castle Rock Entertainment
Village Roadshow Pictures
Fortis Films
Distributed by
Warner Bros. Pictures (US)
Roadshow Entertainment (Australia & New Zealand)
Release date
March 24, 2005 (2005-03-24) (US)
Running time
115 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$60 million[1]
Box office
$101,393,569
Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous (also known as Miss Congeniality 2) is a 2005 American comedy film directed by John Pasquin, written and produced by Mark Lawrence, and starring Sandra Bullock, Regina King, Enrique Murciano, William Shatner, Ernie Hudson, Heather Burns, Diedrich Bader, and Treat Williams. It is the sequel to the 2000 film Miss Congeniality.
Bullock, who also produced the film, commented during the film's promotion on the type of story she wanted to tell:
I want women to be able to do the same thing that men get to do in comedies and say, 'That's a comedy.' Why does it always have to be a romantic comedy? Why does the girl have to end up with the guy? Why can't it be a buddy film?[citation needed]
Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous was released by Warner Bros. Pictures on March 24, 2005 and grossed $101 million worldwide.[citation needed] It was panned by most critics and received a 15% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes.[citation needed]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Reception
5 References
6 External links
Plot[edit]
Several weeks after the events of the first film, FBI agent Gracie Hart has become a celebrity after she infiltrated the beauty pageant on her last assignment. Her fame resulted in her cover being blown while she is trying to prevent a bank heist.
To capitalize on her publicity, the FBI decide to make Gracie the new "face" of the FBI. Hurt after being dumped by her boyfriend, fellow Agent Eric Matthews (who gets relocated to Miami), she agrees to the reassignment.
When female FBI Agent Sam Fuller gets relocated to New York City from Chicago, Hart doesn't take to her at all. Eventually, the FBI makes Fuller Hart's bodyguard, much to Fuller's disgust, since the dislike appears to be mutual.
Ten months later she begins appearing on morning television shows, such as Live with Regis and Kelly, The Oprah Winfrey Show and the Food Channel, giving out fashion advice and promoting her book.
However, when her friends, Miss United States Cheryl Fraser and Stan Fields are kidnapped in Las Vegas, Hart goes undercover to try to rescue them, accompanied by Fuller, following up her own lead after video footage of the abduction suggests that Fields was the target rather than Cheryl. This puts her at odds with the FBI, as they are unwilling to lose their mascot and are unsure if she's still up to the task.
The kidnappers move Cheryl and Stan to the ship at the Treasure Island Hotel and Casino which they plan to blow up. Soon afterwards, Hart, Fuller and Joel arrive at the Oasis Drag club where they end up singing Tina Turner songs and are told by a Dolly Parton contestant where Cheryl and Stan are being held. It is then up to Hart to save the day once more, but this time with the help of Agent Fuller.
Cast[edit]
Sandra Bullock — Gracie Hart
Regina King — Sam Fuller
Enrique Murciano — Jeff Foreman
William Shatner — Stan Fields
Ernie Hudson — Harry McDonald
Heather Burns — Cheryl Frasier (Miss United States)
Diedrich Bader — Joel
Treat Williams — Walter Collins
John DiResta — Agent Clonsky
Abraham Benrubi — Lou Steele
Nick Offerman — Karl Steele
Eileen Brennan — Carol Fields
Stephen Tobolowsky — Tom Abernathy
Elisabeth Röhm — Janet
Leslie Grossman — Pam
Lusia Strus — Janine
Molly Gottlieb — Priscilla
Dolly Parton — Herself
Christopher Ford — Jason
Regis Philbin — Himself
Joy Philbin — Herself
Octavia Spencer— Herself
Ross Adam —Brian Cosford
Production[edit]
Sandra Bullock and writer Marc Lawrence initially had no plans for a sequel. While working on Two Weeks Notice, Bullock and Lawrence joked about ideas for a Miss Congeniality sequel, some of which "weren't that far-fetched" according to Bullock. Las Vegas was featured in an early version of the first film, but was ultimately written out of the script. A five-week shoot in southern Nevada began on April 12, 2004.[2] Approximately half of the film's scenes were scheduled to be shot in Las Vegas.[3]
Major filming locations included the Treasure Island and Venetian resorts.[2][3][4] Scenes shot at Treasure Island included its Sirens of TI pirate show, which had never been featured in a film before and was closed to the public for filming.[5] Other filming locations included the Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas sign and the Klondike Hotel and Casino.[3] In May 2004, filming took place at the Lloyd D. George Federal District Courthouse, which served as FBI headquarters within the film.[6] Filming in Las Vegas concluded in mid-May 2004, and moved to Los Angeles for six weeks of shooting, followed by a brief shoot in New York.[6] Bullock also produced the film,[2][6] and said, "It does make for a schizophrenic experience. There are times when I'd rather be performing."[2]
Reception[edit]
The film grossed $101 million worldwide.[7] It was generally panned by critics, and has received a 15% approval rating on the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes based on 145 reviews.[8]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous (2005) - Financial Information". The-numbers.com. Retrieved 2016-03-13.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Cling, Carol (April 12, 2004). "Shooting Stars: Production on Bullock's 'Miss Congeniality 2' set to start". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the original on March 12, 2005.
^ Jump up to: a b c Cling, Carol (April 19, 2004). "Shooting Stars: 'Congeniality' continues work; 'Crossfire,' 'Tonight Show' on way". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the original on October 30, 2004.
Jump up ^ Cling, Carol (April 26, 2004). "Shooting Stars: NBC drama 'Las Vegas' prepares to film exterior scenes". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the original on November 14, 2004.
Jump up ^ Cling, Carol (May 3, 2004). "Shooting Stars: 'Miss Congeniality 2' prepares to film at Treasure Island". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the original on December 22, 2004.
^ Jump up to: a b c Cling, Carol (May 10, 2004). "Shooting Stars: 'Miss Congeniality 2' set to exit as 'Tonight Show' set to arrive". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the original on December 22, 2004.
Jump up ^ "Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous (2005)". Box Office Mojo. 2005-07-07. Retrieved 2016-09-24.
Jump up ^ "Miss Congeniality 2 - Armed and Fabulous (2005) - Rotten Tomatoes". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2016-09-24.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Miss Congeniality 2: Armed & Fabulous
Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous on IMDb
Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous at Rotten Tomatoes
Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous at Box Office Mojo
Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous at AllMovie
Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous at the TCM Movie Database
[hide]
v
t
e
Films directed by John Pasquin
The Santa Clause (1994)
Jungle 2 Jungle (1997)
Joe Somebody (2001)
Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous (2005)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miss_Congeniality_2:_Armed_and_Fabulous&oldid=829495341"
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