text:
Mars, Incorporated
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Mars, Inc." redirects here. For other uses, see Mars (disambiguation).
"Mars (candy)" redirects here. For the Mars bar, see Mars (chocolate bar).
Mars, Incorporated
Type
Private
Industry
Food processing
Founded
June 23, 1911; 106 years ago (1911-06-23)
Newark, New Jersey, United States
Founder
Franklin Clarence Mars
Headquarters
6885 Elm Street
McLean, Virginia, United States
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Victoria B. Mars
(Chairman)
Grant F. Reid
(President and CEO)
Products
Confectionery: Chocolate bars; gum; candy; mints; beverages; foodstuffs; pet food
Major brands in alphabetical order include: 3 Musketeers · 5 · Big Red · Bounty · Doublemint · Dove/Galaxy · Eclipse · Extra · Freedent · Hubba Bubba · Juicy Fruit · Life Savers · M&M's · Mars · Milky Way · Orbit · Pedigree · Skittles · Snickers · Starburst · Spearmint · Twix · Uncle Ben's Rice · Whiskas · Winterfresh · food · animal products
Services
Candy Maker
Revenue
US$35 billion (2017)[1][2]
Owner
Mars family
Number of employees
80,000 (2017)[1]
Subsidiaries
Wrigley Company
VCA Inc.
Website
www.mars.com
Mars is an American global manufacturer of confectionery, pet food, and other food products and a provider of animal care services, with US$33 billion in annual sales in 2015,[3] and is ranked as the 6th largest privately held company in the United States by Forbes.[4] Headquartered in McLean, Virginia, United States,[5][6] the company is entirely owned by the Mars family. Mars operates in six business segments around the world: Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company (Chicago, Illinois), Chocolate (Hackettstown, New Jersey; to be integrated with Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company and based in Chicago, Illinois from 2017[7], Querétaro, Mexico), Petcare (Brussels, Belgium, Poncitlán and Jalisco, Mexico, Querétaro, Mexico), Food (Rancho Dominguez, California), Drinks (West Chester, Pennsylvania), and Symbioscience (Germantown, Maryland), the company's life sciences division.[8][9]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Mars Food UK Limited
1.1.1 Mars Drinks UK
1.2 Recent history
1.2.1 Mars Petcare
2 Factories
3 Consumer relations
3.1 Opposition to labeling of genetically engineered ingredients in California
3.2 Removal of artificial ingredients to food portfolio
4 Criticism
5 Products
5.1 Original products
5.1.1 Products manufactured by The Wrigley Company
5.2 Products for pet consumption
5.3 Discontinued product lines
6 Services
7 Awards and honors
8 See also
9 References
10 Further reading
11 External links
History[edit]
Mars is a company known for the confectionery items that it creates,[10] such as Mars bars, Milky Way bars, M&M's, Skittles, Snickers, and Twix. They also produce non-confectionery snacks, such as Combos, and other foods, including Uncle Ben's Rice and pasta sauce brand Dolmio, as well as pet foods, such as Pedigree, Whiskas, Nutro and Royal Canin brands.[11]
Orbit gum is among the most popular brands, managed by the Mars subsidiary brand Wrigley. During World War II, Wrigley was selling their eponymous gum only to soldiers, while Orbit was sold to the public. Though abandoned shortly after the war, about 30 years later Orbit made a comeback in America during the chewing gum craze.[12]
Franklin Clarence Mars, whose mother taught him to hand dip candy, sold candy by age 19.[13] He started the Mars Candy Factory in 1911 with Ethel V. Mars, his second wife, in Tacoma, Washington.[14] This factory produced and sold fresh candy wholesale,[13] but ultimately the venture failed[15][16] because there was a better established business, Brown & Haley, also operating in Tacoma.[17] By 1920, Mars had returned to his home state, Minnesota, where the earliest incarnation of the present day Mars company was founded that year as Mar-O-Bar Co., in Minneapolis[18] and later incorporated there as Mars, Incorporated.[13] Forrest Mars, Sr., son of Frank and his first wife, Veronica,[13] was inspired by a popular type of milkshake[19] in 1923, to introduce the Milky Way bar, advertised as a "chocolate malted milk in a candy bar",[20] which became the best-selling candy bar.[18] In 1929, Frank moved the company to Bakersfield, California and started full production in a plant which still exists today.[21] In 1930, Frank Mars created the Snickers bar and first sold it in US markets.[22] In 1932, Mars introduced the 3 Musketeers bar. The same year, Forrest started Mars Limited in the United Kingdom and launched the Mars bar.
Mars is still a family business owned by the Mars family. The company is famous for its secrecy. A 1993 Washington Post Magazine article was a rare raising of the veil, as the reporter was able to see the "M"s being applied to the M&M's, something that "no out-sider had ever before been invited to observe."[23] In 1999, for example, the company did not acknowledge that Forrest Mars, Sr. had died or that he had worked for the company.[24]
The company published its Principles in Action communication in September 2011. This communication outlines the history of Mars, its legacy as a business committed to its Five Principles, and the company’s goal of putting its Principles into action to make a difference to people and the planet through performance. Encompassing themes of Health and Nutrition, Supply Chain, Operations, Products, and Working at Mars, the Principles in Action communication outlines Mars Incorporated’s targets, progress, and ongoing challenges. It also describes its businesses, including Petcare, Chocolate, Wrigley, Food, Drinks, Symbioscience.[25]
Mars, Incorporated has developed a reputation across its leading markets to be an excellent training ground for managers. In the United Kingdom, for instance, many CEOs of large companies learned their trade at Mars, Inc., including former Mars executives Allan Leighton, the former appointed CEO of the supermarket chain Asda and then the British postal service Royal Mail, and Justin King, former CEO of the retailer Sainsbury's. Recently, the company caught on to that and re-branded their employer brand "Mars — The Ultimate Business School".[26]
In the United States, the company has 20 manufacturing facilities in Hackettstown, New Jersey; Albany, Georgia; Burr Ridge, Illinois; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Chicago, Illinois; and Mattoon, Illinois; Cleveland, Tennessee; Columbia, South Carolina; Columbus, Ohio; Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania; Greenville, Mississippi; Greenville and Waco, Texas; Henderson and Reno, Nevada; Fort Smith, Arkansas; Joplin, Missouri; Miami, Oklahoma; and Galena, Kansas. Their newest facility is situated in Topeka, Kansas. Their Canadian facilities are located in Bolton and Newmarket, Ontario.[27]
Mars Food UK Limited[edit]
Mars Food UK Limited is the name of the British branch of Mars, Inc. The company is based in Slough, UK. Mars brands manufactured for the UK market but not for the US include Tunes.[citation needed]
In 1932, Forrest Mars, Sr., opened what was then Mars (Europe) headquarters, and remains Mars (UK) headquarters in Slough, Berkshire[24] on the then-new Slough Trading Estate, after a disagreement with his father, Franklin Clarence Mars. In this factory, he produced the first Mars bar, based on the American Milky Way.[28]
Many brands first created and sold in Britain were later introduced in the U.S., including Starburst (original UK brand name Opal Fruits) and Skittles. The brands Twix, and Topic were UK based.[citation needed]
Milky Way in Europe and worldwide is known as the 3 Musketeers in America. Similarly, the Snickers bar was previously marketed in Ireland and the United Kingdom as Marathon until 1990; in the UK, France, Germany and the Netherlands, also until 1990; Galaxy in the Middle East is known as Dove in America and worldwide; and Starburst was known in the UK and Ireland as Opal Fruits until 1998. Chocolate and peanut M&M's were introduced in 1990.[citation needed]
Mars Drinks UK[edit]
Mars Drinks UK, the beverages division of Mars Limited, operates from Basingstoke in Hampshire and specializes in office vending machines. Mars Drinks UK comprises the FLAVIA and KLIX brands which offer branded drinks such as the Starburst Orange Drink, the Maltesers Hot Chocolate and the Galaxy drinks.[citation needed]
Mars Drinks also produces coffee and the equipment used to make it. In 1982 FLAVIA was created out of the high demand for coffee in the United Kingdom. Initially marketed as Dimension 3 until 1989, FLAVIA was introduced in France and Germany in 1986 and Japan in 1992 then brought to the United States in 1996 and to Canada in 1997. Other products such as cappuccino were introduced in 2002 and tea in 2004.[29]
Recent history[edit]
Mars' purchase of Doane Petcare Company in June 2007 significantly increased Mars' position in the U.S. dry pet food category. In addition to these businesses, Mars also operates a chain of premium chocolate shops called Ethel M Chocolates. These shops are an outgrowth of the Ethel M premium chocolate business that Forrest Mars started in Las Vegas in 1980, when he became bored with retirement.[30]
On April 28, 2008, Mars, Incorporated, together with Berkshire Hathaway Incorporated, announced the buyout of Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company, the world's largest chewing gum producer, for $23 billion in an all-cash deal. The two companies together generate sales in excess of $30 billion.[31]
The company spent more than $1.8 million on lobbying during 2008, almost all of it at Patton Boggs, where it has long been one of the largest lobbying clients. Mars also spent $10,000 at Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom. In 2009, Mars also hired Ernst & Young to lobby on corporate and international tax issues, including issues related to tax changes proposed by the Obama administration. The company spent another $1,655,000 that year.[32]
In 2014, Mars opened a new $270 million chocolate plant in Topeka, Kansas, the first new plant in the USA in 35 years.[33]
In 2016, Mars announced the merger of its chocolate and Wrigley segments to form a new subsidiary, appropriately called Mars Wrigley Confectionery.
In 2017, the company's confectionery segment announced a return to its roots, and opened a new office in Newark.[34]
Mars Petcare[edit]
In February 2003, Mars acquired Aquarium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.[35] (API, incorporated in 1964) and in 2007 it was renamed Mars Fishcare, Inc. The company manufactures and supplies home aquarium and pond products.[36] Mars Fishcare brands include:[37] Aquarium Pharmaceuticals (API),[38] RENA,[39] AQUARIAN,[40] and PondCare.[41]
In Australia, the division operates three sites that are located in Wodonga, Victoria (established in 1967 for manufacture of wet pet food); Bathurst, New South Wales (established in the 1980s for manufacture of dry pet food); and Brisbane, Queensland (for manufacture of birdcare products).[42]
In January 2017, Mars announced the USD$7.7 billion acquisition of Los Angeles-based animal hospital chain VCA Inc.[43]
Mars manufacters the 'Trill" birdseed range.[44]
Factories[edit]
Mars factory in Veghel, Netherlands
The two factories in Slough were located on Liverpool Road and Dundee Road; the one on Liverpool Road closed in 2007, with Twix production moving to the Netherlands and Starburst production moving to the Czech Republic.[45]
In 1963 a large factory was opened in Veghel in the Netherlands. This factory has currently the biggest production volume of Mars factories and is even one of the biggest chocolate factories in the world.[46] Most confectionery products for Europe are produced in Slough and Veghel.
The major production plant for Mars confectionery products in Australia is in Ballarat, Victoria.[47]
There is one factory outside of Hershey, Pennsylvania. It is located in Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania.[48]
Consumer relations[edit]
Opposition to labeling of genetically engineered ingredients in California[edit]
Throughout 2012, Mars contributed $376,650 to a $46 million political campaign known as "The Coalition Against The Costly Food Labeling Proposition, sponsored by Farmers and Food Producers".[49] This organization was set up to oppose "Proposition 37", demanding mandatory labeling of foods containing genetically modified ingredients.
Removal of artificial ingredients to food portfolio[edit]
In February 2016, Mars stated that it would no longer be using artificial colors in each of its candy products. The company announced that more than 50 of its products would be affected in commitment effort to align with the changing preferences of consumers. The company along with more than 12 others has recently pledged to remove colors of an artificial nature from its products. While it has been said that the use of artificial colors in candy, and other products sold in the marketplace do not pose a threat to human health outright, the use of natural ingredients has grown substantially by the consumers that are purchasing in the marketplace. The company's CEO, Grant F. Reid, stated that "eliminating all artificial colors from the food portfolio is a massive undertaking and one that will take time and hard work to accomplish." The company wanted to assure consumers that the fun and vibrancy that has remained a staple of the brand for years, will not be altered in terms of colors or overall flavor. The company has anticipated that the new ingredient changes will take up to 5 years, with different formulations existing in various markets within that time frame, before the process is perfected. The company was not the first to recently announce that it would be changing the use of artificial flavors in its products. In 2015, food giant, General Mills proposed an initiative that noted that all of the artificial ingredients it was using in its products would be dropped by 2017. This meant a reformulation of many of the cereals, with alternatives that were more suitable to the palates of humans. A key aspect in that proposed initiative was that the cereal, Trix, would no longer have the blue and green colors forming a new iteration of the cereal.[50]
In a press release on the removal of the food dyes, the company wrote that "replacing artificial colors across all our products is a complex task. We expect it will take about five years to develop the full range of alternatives that guarantee the integrity and great taste of the products you know and love, and to go through the process of obtaining regulatory approval for all new ingredients in development.” Mars has frequently used dyes and artificial colors in many of its products over the years. Due to public outcry calling for change, and a petition that gained more than 217,000 signatures that was created by Change.org, the company wanted to bring about a significant change to the way it was viewed by consumers. There have been two different arguments presented about the use of artificial colors in foods. Many studies have shown that their use in food could be linked to illnesses such as ADHD and cancer. There has seemed to be an issue with the use of red 40, yellow 3, yellow 5 and yellow 6 and how they bind to the DNA in humans. Other additives such as Blue 2 have been linked to the cause of brain tumors in rodents and in 1981, Green 3 was found to be a direct link to bladder cancer. Given the fact that the company will be replacing the artificial dyes in its products, the company has also said that consumers should prepare themselves for the transition process in terms of special packaging and colors being used as to indicate that the changes have taken place. It has been said that the company is not likely to stop using coloring entirely, but that the use of artificial coloring will be going away.[51] Instead Mars will use natural colors like turmeric in India.
Criticism[edit]
This section may lend undue weight to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies. Please help to create a more balanced presentation. Discuss and resolve this issue before removing this message. (November 2017)
From May 1, 2007, many Mars products made in the UK became unsuitable for vegetarians. The company announced that it would be using whey made with animal rennet (material from a calf's stomach lining, and a byproduct of veal), instead of using rennet made by microorganisms, in products including Mars, Twix, Snickers, Maltesers, Bounty, Minstrels and Milky Way.[52] The response from many consumers, particularly the Vegetarian Society's request for UK vegetarians to register their protests with Mars, generated extensive press and caused the company to abandon the plans shortly thereafter.[53] Mars switched to all-vegetarian sources in the UK.[54][55]
In 2007, Mars came under criticism by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) for funding laboratory experiments on mice, rats, guinea pigs and rabbits which the group alleges are inhumane and in violation of the company’s own policies prohibiting experiments on animals.[56]
One study was conducted in collaboration with the Salk Institute regarding angiogenesis and spatial memory in which mice were given an ad libitum diet that included epicatechin, plant-derived flavonoid. One of the experiments involved groups of control and experimental animals, the latter of which were housed individually in cages that included a running wheel for optional exercise for two hours a day, the former —also housed individually— did not have access to a running wheel. Another experiment was the classical spatial memory assay—the Morris water maze—where experimenters had mice to swim in water mixed with white paint that concealed the water depth. Several mice were given daily injections of various substances before being killed and dissected. The study, which Mars contends was legally required in order for the company to make flavonoid-related health claims, showed that the inclusion of epicatechin in the diet improved memory and angiogenesis, and more so if coupled with exercise.[57][58][59]
Mars has been criticized for buying cocoa beans from West African farmers who reportedly use unpaid or poorly paid child laborers. In 2009, Mars announced that the company would work towards only purchasing cocoa from suppliers who meet environmental, labor and production standards. TransFair USA, an organization which certifies products as Fair Trade, applauded the move and expressed hope that it would include a provision for fair wages for laborers and farmers.[60] In 2010, Mars Inc. received the U.S. Secretary of State’s Award for Corporate Excellence.[61] In April 2010, Mars launched the MyCocoaPaper initiative, which claims to provide economic opportunities to women and families in Indonesia by making paper products out of cocoa bark and recycled office paper.[62]
In 2011, Mars and Fairtrade International announced an agreement to introduce the first Fairtrade labeled Mars product and to work together to enable farmers to have sustainable livelihoods and substantially increased productivity. The first Mars product to carry the Fairtrade mark will be Maltesers, to appear in stores in 2012 in the UK and Ireland.[63]
In September 2017, an investigation[64] conducted by NGO Mighty Earth found that a large amount of the cocoa used in chocolate produced by Mars and other major chocolate companies was grown illegally in national parks and other protected areas in Ivory Coast and Ghana.[65][66] The countries are the world’s two largest cocoa producers.[67][68]
The report documents how in several national parks and other protected areas, 90% or more of the land mass has been converted to cocoa.[69] Less than four percent of Ivory Coast remains densely forested, and the chocolate companies’ laissez-faire approach to sourcing has driven extensive deforestation in Ghana as well.[70] In Ivory Coast, deforestation has pushed chimpanzees into just a few small pockets, and reduced the country’s elephant population from several hundred thousand to about 200-400.[71][72][73]
Products[edit]
Many Mars products are household, famous-name brands. Some of these product lines are manufactured by Mars; others are manufactured by The Wrigley Company.
Original products[edit]
A Bounty bar
Galaxy Minstrels
3 Musketeers
Arj
Bounty
Celebrations
Cirku
CocoaVia
Combos
Dolmio
Dove
Ebly
Ethel M
FLAVIA
Fling
Flyte
Galaxy
Galaxy Bubbles
Galaxy Minstrels
goodnessknows
Kudos
A Twix bar
M-Azing
M&M's
Maltesers
Marathon
Mars
Masterfoods
Milky Way
Minstrels
Munch
Promite
Revels
Seeds of Change
Snickers
Topic
Tracker
Treets
Twix
Uncle Ben's Rice
Products manufactured by The Wrigley Company[edit]
5 gum cobalt packaging
5 (gum)
Airwaves
Alpine
Altoids
Big Red
Bubble Tape
Doublemint
Eclipse
Eclipse Ice
Excel
Extra
Freedent
Hubba Bubba
Juicy Fruit
Life Savers
Lockets
Orbit
Ouch!
Skittles
Spearmint
Starburst
Surpass
Tunes
Wrigley's
Winterfresh
Products for pet consumption[edit]
Pedigree dry dog food
ADVANCE (Australia and New Zealand only)
Aquarium Pharmaceuticals
Buckeye Nutrition
Cesar
Chappi
Dreamies
Eukanuba
Exelpet
Frolic
Good-o
Greenies
Iams
James Wellbeloved
Kit-e-kat
My Dog
Natura
Nutro Products
Pedigree
Optimum
Pill Pockets
Royal Canin
Schmackos
Sheba
Spillers
Teasers
Techni-Cal
Whiskas
Winergy
Wisdom Panel MX Mixed Breed DNA Test
Discontinued product lines[edit]
[citation needed]
AquaDrops
Bisc &
Cookies &
Pacers
PB Max
Royals
Spangles
Summit Cookie Bars
Banjo Candy Bar
Bliss Candy Bar
Services[edit]
Banfield, The Pet Hospital (managed by MMI company)
VCA Inc. animal hospital chain
BluePearl: Emergency & Specialty clinics.
Abaxis: Veterinary laboratory.
Sound: Veterinary Imagining.
Wisdom Panel: Pet DNA testing.
Awards and honors[edit]
The company was named by Fortune magazine as one of the top 100 companies to work for in 2013, citing the example that employees of the pet food division can take their dogs to work.[74]
The company has made donations to Elizabethtown College, which includes a room sponsored by them and a weekly executive lecture series.[75][76]
Year
Association
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
2017 Diversity in Media Awards Marketing Campaign of the Year Maltesers - Dance Floor (TV Advert) Nominated
See also[edit]
Virginia portal
Companies portal
Food portal
Big Chocolate
List of food companies
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "About Us". Mars, Inc. Retrieved April 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ https://www.forbes.com/largest-private-companies/list/
Jump up ^ "Mars on Forbes Lists". Forbes. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
Jump up ^ DeCarlo, Scott; Murphy, Andrea D. (November 16, 2014). "America's Largest Private Companies". Forbes.com. Retrieved December 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ "McLean CDP, Virginia Archived 2011-04-30 at the Wayback Machine.." U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on September 1, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Locations." Mars, Incorporated. Retrieved on September 1, 2009.
Jump up ^ http://www.wrigley.com/global/press/news-details.aspx?id=7344
Jump up ^ "Brands". mars.com.
Jump up ^ "Mars Symbioscience". mars.com.
Jump up ^ "History of Mars". English Tea Store.
Jump up ^ "Mars, Inc. - Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on Mars, Inc". www.referenceforbusiness.com. and "Petcare". Mars Inc. Retrieved March 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Global Brands: Orbit". Wrigley.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "History". Mars, Incorporated. Retrieved October 6, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Mars Company History". Mars Inc.
Jump up ^ Alexander, Morgan (May 28, 2008). "Mars in Tacoma". The Tacoma Sun. Retrieved October 6, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Mars family". Practically Edible. Archived from the original on May 4, 2009. Retrieved October 6, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Mars' chocolate history has surprising Tacoma backstory". thenewstribune. Retrieved 2017-12-26.
^ Jump up to: a b "Franklin Mars". The Historical Society of Oak Park and River Forest. Archived from the original on October 10, 2010. Retrieved February 25, 2008.
Jump up ^ El-Hai, Jack (March 2007). "Candy Bar Combat". Minnesota Monthly. Greenspring Media Group. Retrieved October 7, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Milky Way Brand Timeline". Milkywaybar.com. Archived from the original on April 22, 2007. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ "About Mars History". Retrieved November 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ Smith, Andrew F. (2012). Fast Food and Junk Food: An Encyclopedia of What We Love to Eat. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9780313393938.
Jump up ^ Brenner, Joel Glenn (April 12, 1992). "Planet of the M&M's". Washington Post Magazine.
^ Jump up to: a b Chong, Liz (August 29, 2005). "Two Mars staff for trial on fraud charges". London: TimesOnline. Retrieved August 18, 2007. [dead link]
Jump up ^ "Mars, Incorporated Publishes Principles In Action Communication". Mars.com.
Jump up ^ "The Ultimate Business School". Mars. Archived from the original on June 4, 2012. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Where we operate: Canada". Mars, Inc. Archived from the original on 2009-12-14.
Jump up ^ "Smoke, Steam and (Computer) Chips: Mars — the Chocolate Planet". Sopse.org.uk. May 17, 1932. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ Harland, David (October 19, 2010). "Flavia coffee a potted history". EzineMark.com. Retrieved May 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ Brenner, Joel Glenn (1999). The Emperors of Chocolate. Random House, Inc. p. 324. ISBN 0-679-42190-4.
Jump up ^ Karnitschnig, Matthew; Berman, Dennis K. (2008-04-28). "Mars, Buffett Team Up in Wrigley Bid". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2017-01-22.
Jump up ^ "Lobbying Expenses". Legal Times.
Jump up ^ "$270M chocolate plant near Topeka proof of US's sweet tooth". The Wichita Eagle. March 27, 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-03-28.
Jump up ^ http://www.mars.com/docs/default-source/Press-Releases/mars-wrigley-confectionery-us-location_press-release-12052017-(1).pdf?sfvrsn=2
Jump up ^ Mars Acquires API, UKPets, February 28, 2003, retrieved April 22, 2011
Jump up ^ "Mars Fishcare Inc". Business Week. Retrieved April 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Welcome". MarsFishcare.com. Retrieved April 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Company History". AquariumPharm.com. Retrieved April 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Company History". RENA.com. Retrieved April 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Company History". AQUARIAN.com. Retrieved April 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Company History". PondCare.com. Retrieved April 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Mars Petcare". Mars Australia: Graduates 2012. Mars Incorporated. 2011. Retrieved May 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Mars Expands in Pet Care With $7.7 Billion Purchase of VCA". bloomberg.com. 2017-01-09. Retrieved 2017-01-10.
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ "Mars cuts 700 from UK workforce". BBC News. March 10, 2005. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Mars Netherlands — Home". Mars.com. Archived from the original on April 29, 2009. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ Sobey, Emily (November 25, 2009). "Mars celebrates 30 years in Ballarat". The Courier. Ballarat, Australia. Retrieved February 10, 2010.
Jump up ^ "M & M Mars". Yelp. November 29, 2007.
Jump up ^ "California Proposition 37, Mandatory Labeling of Genetically Engineered Food (2012)".
Jump up ^ Bratskeir, Kate (February 11, 2016). "Artificial Colors Being Removed From M&Ms, Skittles, Starburst And More". Huffington Post. Retrieved March 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ Cox, Danny (February 9, 2016). "What Color Will M&M'S Be Now? - MARS INC. Removing Artificial Colors From All Candy Productse". The Inquisitr News. Retrieved March 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Mars starts using animal products". BBC News. May 14, 2007. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Mars bars get veggie status back". BBC News. May 20, 2007. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ Wallop, Harry (May 21, 2007). "Mars in damage limitation exercise". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Introduction of vegetarian labelling on our leading UK confectionery brands" (Press release). Masterfoods Consumercare. August 2007. Archived from the original on January 27, 2010. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ Bartz, Diane (Dec 8, 2007). "PETA boycotting Mars candy co. over animal cruelty". Reuters.
Jump up ^ van Praag H, Lucero MJ, Yeo GW, Stecker K, Heivand N, Zhao C, Yip E, Afanador M, Schroeter H, Hammerstone J, Gage FH Plant-Derived Flavanol Epicatechin Enhances Angiogenesis and Retention of Spatial Memory in Mice J Neuroscience, 27(22):5869-5878, May 30, 2007
Jump up ^ "Mars Center For Cocoa Health Science". Archived from the original on 2010-09-25.
Jump up ^ Eyre, Charlotte (December 12, 2007). "Mars angers activists over animal testing". Confectionery News. Retrieved February 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ Lazo, Alejandro (April 10, 2009). "Mars Sets Goal for Sustainable Cocoa Sources". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 4, 2010.
Jump up ^ Remarks at the 12th Annual Secretary's Awards for Corporate Excellence
Jump up ^ "New Cocoa Paper Product Line Provides Economic Opportunities For Cocoa Farming Families". Mars Inc. Archived from the original on August 20, 2010. Retrieved March 31, 2011.
Jump up ^ Wallop, Harry (September 27, 2011). "Maltesers go Fairtrade". The Daily Telegraph. London.
Jump up ^ "Chocolate's Dark Secret". September 2017.
Jump up ^ “Olam Livelihood Charter 2016: Equipping smallholders to secure their future,” Olam, 2016.
Jump up ^ “Young ‘Cargillians’ land among ‘Marsians’… and go home with new connections, great learnings and happy taste buds,” By Sacha Bongard, Government Relations Advisor, Cargill, October 06, 2016.
Jump up ^ “Cocoa production in West Africa, a review and analysis of recent developments.” NJAS Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences. 74-75 (2015): 1-7.
Jump up ^ “How Much Rainforest Is in That Chocolate Bar?” World Resources Institute. 6 August 2015.
Jump up ^ “Cocoa farming and primate extirpation inside The Ivory Coast’s protected areas.” Tropical Conservation Science. 8.1(2015): 95-113.
Jump up ^ “Analyse qualitative des facteurs de déforestation et de dégradation des forêts en Côte d’Ivoire"; Rapport Final, 10 November 2016
Jump up ^ Covey, R. and McGraw, W. S. “Monkeys in a West African bushmeat market: implications for cercopithecid conservation in eastern Liberia.” Tropical Conservation Science. 7.1 (2014): 115-125.
Jump up ^ Marchesi, P., Marchesi, N., Fruth, B., and Boesch, C. “Census and Distribution of Chimpanzees in Cote D’Ivoire.” PRIMATES. 36.4(1995): 591-607.
Jump up ^ “Poaching contributes to forest elephant declines in Côte d’Ivoire, new numbers reveal.” WWF. 05 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "100 Best Companies to Work For 2013 - Mars - Fortune". CNN.
Jump up ^ "E-town Now – Elizabethtown College, M&M Mars partner to share executive lectures".
Jump up ^ "Elizabethtown College -Meeting and Conference Spaces".
Further reading[edit]
Stephen Beckett, Industrial Chocolate Manufacture and Use, Fourth Edition, Wiley-Blackwell, 2008 ISBN 978-1-4051-3949-6.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mars, Incorporated.
Official website
Masterfoods site
Mars Cocoa Sustainability Initiative
Mars, Incorporated companies grouped at OpenCorporates
Mars Symbioscience Businesses:
Symbioscience
Mars Botanical
[hide]
v
t
e
Mars, Incorporated
Mars family
Franklin Clarence Mars
Ethel V. Mars
Forrest Mars Sr.
Forrest Mars Jr.
John Franklyn Mars
Jacqueline Mars
Victoria B. Mars
Brands
Chocolate
3 Musketeers
A. Korkunov
Balisto
Bounty
Celebrations
Dove
Ethel M
Fling
Flyte
Kudos
M-Azing
M&M's
Maltesers
Mars
Milky Way
Revels
Snickers
Topic
Tracker
Treets
Twix
Galaxy
Galaxy Milk Chocolate
Galaxy Caramel
Galaxy Counters
Galaxy Crispy
Galaxy Hazelnut
Galaxy Fruit & Nut
Galaxy Minstrels
Galaxy Ripple
Galaxy Senzi
Galaxy Amicelli
Galaxy Bubbles
Galaxy Jewels
Galaxy Promises
Galaxy Honeycomb Crisp
Galaxy Cookie Crumble
Galaxy Orange & Shortcake
Other foods
Combos
Dolmio
Masterfoods
Munch
Promite
Seeds of Change
Uncle Ben's
Drink
CocoaVia
FLAVIA
Klix
Wrigley gum and
confections
Chewing gum
With sugar
Alert
Big Red
Doublemint
Juicy Fruit
Wrigley's Spearmint
Winterfresh
Sugarfree
5
Airwaves
Eclipse Ice
Excel
Extra
Freedent
Orbit
Surpass
Bubblegum
With sugar
Alpine
Big League Chew
Bubble Tape
Hubba Bubba
Sugarfree
Ouch!
Mint and candy
Altoids
Eclipse
Life Savers
Lockets
Skittles
Starburst
Tunes
Pet care
Products
ADVANCE
Aquarium Pharmaceuticals
Buckeye Nutrition
Cesar
Chappie
Eukanuba
Exelpet
Greenies
Iams
James Wellbeloved
Medi-Cal
My Dog
Natura
Nutro
Pedigree
Pill Pockets
Royal Canin
Schmackos
Seramis
Sheba
Spillers
Teasers
Techni-Cal
Whiskas
Winergy
Wisdom Panel MX Mixed Breed DNA Test
Services
Banfield Pet Hospital
VCA Animal Hospitals (pending)
Authority control
GND: 5092202-6
SNAC: w6s80dxs
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mars,_Incorporated&oldid=838432748"
Categories:
Chocolate companies
Companies based in McLean, Virginia
Food and drink companies established in 1911
Confectionery companies of the United States
Food manufacturers of the United States
Mars brands
Mars family
Multinational companies headquartered in the United States
Multinational food companies
Privately held companies based in Virginia
Privately held companies in the United States
1911 establishments in New Jersey
Manufacturing companies based in Newark, New Jersey
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from May 2013
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from February 2017
Articles with unsourced statements from October 2017
Articles needing POV-check from November 2017
Pages using div col without cols and colwidth parameters
OpenCorporates groupings
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
Беларуская
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Ελληνικά
Español
فارسی
Français
한국어
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
Lëtzebuergesch
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Саха тыла
Scots
Simple English
Suomi
Svenska
Türkçe
Українська
中文
21 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 27 April 2018, at 00:19.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

value: mw-page-base noprint

value: mw-head-base noprint

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value:
/wiki/Mars_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Mars (disambiguation)

attr: role class

value:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

attr: href class

value: 2 logo text-align:center

value:
/wiki/Starburst_(candy)
mw-redirect
Starburst (candy)

value:
nofollow
http://www.mars.com/
external text

value:
/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois
mw-redirect
Chicago, Illinois

value:
/wiki/Forrest_Mars,_Sr.
mw-redirect
Forrest Mars, Sr.

value:
/wiki/Minneapolis,_Minnesota
mw-redirect
Minneapolis, Minnesota

value: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2017)

value:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

value: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2017)

value:
/wiki/Berkshire_Hathaway_Incorporated
mw-redirect
Berkshire Hathaway Incorporated

value:
/wiki/Patton_Boggs
mw-redirect
Patton Boggs

value:
/wiki/Obama_administration
mw-redirect
Obama administration

value:
/wiki/Wodonga,_Victoria
mw-redirect
Wodonga, Victoria

value: Edit section: Opposition to labeling of genetically engineered ingredients in California

value: Edit section: Removal of artificial ingredients to food portfolio

value:
plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content
presentation

value: People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals

value:
/wiki/Salk_Institute
mw-redirect
Salk Institute

value:
/wiki/Morris_water_maze
mw-redirect
Morris water maze

value:
/wiki/TransFair_USA
mw-redirect
TransFair USA

value:
/wiki/FLO_International
mw-redirect
FLO International

value: div-col columns column-count column-count-2

value: -moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;

value: Edit section: Products manufactured by The Wrigley Company

value: Edit section: Products for pet consumption

value: Edit section: Discontinued product lines

value: background: #FDD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;

value: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

value: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.mars.com/global/about-us

value:
nofollow
external text
https://www.forbes.com/companies/mars/s

value:
/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau
mw-redirect
U.S. Census Bureau

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.mars.com/global/brands.aspx

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.oprf.com/oprfhist/marsf.htm

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.mars.com/ultimategrads

value:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660

value:
/wiki/Business_Week
mw-redirect
Business Week

value:
nofollow
http://marsfishcare.com/
external text

value:
nofollow
http://www.aquarian.com/
external text

value: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

value:
nofollow
http://www.marssymbioscience.com/
external text

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.marsbotanical.com

value: col navbox-title 2 background:lightsteelblue;

value: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/5092202-6

value: Category:Companies based in McLean, Virginia

value: Category:Food and drink companies established in 1911

value: Category:Confectionery companies of the United States

value: Category:Food manufacturers of the United States

value: Category:Multinational companies headquartered in the United States

value: Category:Privately held companies based in Virginia

value: Category:Privately held companies in the United States

value: Category:1911 establishments in New Jersey

value: Category:Manufacturing companies based in Newark, New Jersey

value: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

value: Category:All articles with dead external links

value: Category:Articles with dead external links from May 2013

value: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

value: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2017

value: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2017

value: Category:Articles needing POV-check from November 2017

value: Category:Pages using div col without cols and colwidth parameters

value: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

value: Category:Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value:
/wiki/Mars,_Incorporated
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

value: مارس المتحدة – Arabic

value:
https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars
Mars – Belarusian
be
be
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be
display: none;

value: Mars – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

value: مارس اینکورپوریتد – Persian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

value: מארס (חברה) – Hebrew

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lb
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

value:
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars
Mars – Russian
ru
ru
interlanguage-link-target

value:
https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars
Mars – Sakha
sah
sah
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sah
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sco
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

value: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Mars_Incorporated rootpage-Mars_Incorporated skin-vector action-view


text:
Jenny Humphrey
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Jenny Humphrey
Gossip Girl and The It Girl character
Taylor Momsen as Jenny Humphrey
First appearance
Novel:
Gossip Girl
(Gossip Girl series)
The It Girl
(The It Girl series)
Television:
"Pilot"
(episode 1.01)
Last appearance
Novel:
Nothing Can Keep Us Together
(Gossip Girl series)
Classic
(The It Girl series)
Television:
"New York, I Love You XOXO"
(episode 6.10)
Created by
Character
Cecily von Ziegesar
Developed for Television
Josh Schwartz
Stephanie Savage
Portrayed by
Taylor Momsen
Information
Full name
Jennifer Tallulah Humphrey
Nickname(s)
Jenny (by everyone)
Aliases
J, Little J, Queen J, Erica Van Der Woodsen, Blair Waldorf
Occupation
Novels:
Artist
High school student
(at Constance Billard; expelled)
(at Waverly Academy)
Television:
High school student
(at Constance Billard; departed)
College student
(at Central Saint Martins)
Fashion designer
Drug dealer (former)
Family
Rufus Humphrey
(father)
Daniel "Dan" Humphrey
(older brother)
Novels:
Jeanette Humphrey
(mother; estranged)
Television:
Alison Humphrey
(mother)
Lillian "Lily" Humphrey
(ex-stepmother)
Scott Rosson
(paternal half-brother)
Serena van der Woodsen
(ex-paternal stepsister/sister-in-law)
Eric van der Woodsen
(ex-paternal stepbrother)
Charles "Chuck" Bass
(ex-adoptive stepbrother)
Jennifer Tallulah "Jenny" Humphrey is one of the characters in both the Gossip Girl and The It Girl series of novels by Cecily von Ziegesar. She is portrayed by Taylor Momsen in the Gossip Girl television adaptation on The CW.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Novel series
1.1 Gossip Girl
1.2 The It Girl
2 TV series
2.1 Season 1
2.2 Season 2
2.3 Season 3
2.4 Season 4
2.5 Season 5
2.6 Season 6
3 Reception
4 References
Novel series[edit]
Gossip Girl[edit]
Jennifer Humphrey is the daughter of Rufus Humphrey, an editor of Beat poets who has never been published himself, and Jeanette Humphrey, who ran off with a European aristocrat. She has an older brother, Dan Humphrey, an aspiring writer. Jenny is a student at the Constance Billard School for Girls, a small, elite, all-girls school on the Upper East Side that Serena van der Woodsen and Blair Waldorf also attend. In the book series, Jenny is described as a short, well-endowed brunette, but the television show depicts her as tall, skinny and blonde.
In the Gossip Girl prequel It Had To Be You, Jenny is noted for having a rather flat chest until she begins taking breast enlargement supplements, which are the cause of her DD cup size.
The It Girl[edit]
Jenny is the protagonist of the book series The It Girl, which shows her new life after she gets expelled from Constance Billard and starts at Waverly Academy in upstate New York. In The It Girl, Jenny tries to reinvent herself as a "popular and sophisticated city girl" and leave behind the person she was at Constance. When Jenny arrives at Waverly, she finds the students even more attractive, athletic, and intimidating than she had imagined. Jenny then meets her two new exceptionally beautiful and popular roommates: lithe and blonde Southern girl Callie Vernon, and red-headed, green-eyed, sophisticated New Jerseyan Brett Messerschmidt. She quickly learns that she has replaced their old best friend, the extremely attractive and notorious Tinsley Carmichael. Jenny can't help but feel that sleeping in such a lucky bed must rub off.
TV series[edit]
Season 1[edit]
Main article: List of Gossip Girl episodes
Jenny Humphrey is introduced in Season 1. A pretty, blonde freshman at Constance Billard,[2] she tries desperately to fit in with Blair's clique, but Blair makes it difficult for her, subjecting Jenny to the rules of high school hierarchy. A possible friendship ends when Blair discovers Nate's lingering feelings for Serena and Jenny's interest in Nate, entailing further cruelty to Jenny. When Blair's affair with Chuck Bass is exposed, Nate approaches Jenny and Blair's affair is made public. Blair's friends shun her for her hypocrisy and establish Jenny as the new Queen Bee of Constance Billard.[3] Despite being one of the school It Girls, she is driven to prove herself. Lacking self-confidence because she is not as rich as the other girls, she sells her sewing machine and barters an expensive dress she stole from one of her friends. When Blair throws her a surprise birthday party, the other girls discover that Jenny stole the dress, bringing Blair's scheme to fruition. Jenny retaliates by bringing Nate with her to Blair's victory party and winning the girls to her side.[4] Jenny and Blair then struggle for the position of Queen Bee. Jenny thinks she's found true love with Asher Hornsby, but their romance is short-lived when she discovers that he is gay. He convinces her to say that she lost her virginity to him in order to dispel the rumors that he is gay, promising that as long as she pretends it's true, he'll give her privileges that the Upper East Side can offer. But Blair and Eric out Asher at his own party, and Jenny confesses that she lied about having sex with him. Blair's clique abandons her once again, and she later finds Blair to tell her that she's won as it's "not worth it".[5] In the season finale, Jenny receives an internship at Blair's mother Eleanor's company.
Season 2[edit]
At the beginning of season 2, Jenny spends her summer working hard as a new intern for Eleanor Waldorf Designs. She apologizes to Eric for her behavior the previous season. He forgives her and invites her to the White Party in the Hamptons, where he introduces her to Tinsley Mortimer and she proves her worth to one of Eleanor's supervisors.[6]
Eleanor fires Jenny after a critical remark about one of her dresses, but during a citywide blackout, Eleanor realizes her talent and hires Jenny. After constant harassment by Blair’s minions, Jenny decides to skip school to pursue a future in fashion.
Blair and Serena have another fight about Serena's growing popularity, and Jenny is dragged into it during Eleanor's fashion show. When she changes the seating arrangement Blair had planned, Blair retaliates by telling Rufus that Jenny has been skipping school, and he confronts her. Blair attempts to sabotage Jenny’s work in the show but Jenny improvises, proposing that Serena and the socialites walk the runway. In an effort to ruin Serena, Blair switches the final dress with one that Jenny made, drawing Eleanor's ire. The dress is a huge hit with the audience and the fashion show is a big success. Jenny realizes Blair's frustrations with her friendship with Serena, commenting that they have worked hard for what they’ve wanted and Serena just glides through. Eleanor later praises Jenny for her work.[7]
Rufus eventually agrees to Jenny being home-schooled after seeing how committed and good at her job she is. At work, Jenny befriends Agnes Andrews (Willa Holland), a model who convinces her to start her own fashion line. Realizing that working for Eleanor won't help her develop as a designer and that Eleanor has begun to take advantage of her talents, Jenny leaves.[8] Jenny also begins a short relationship with Nate when they share a passionate kiss after he rescues her from being taken advantage of by an older photographer. Jenny and Rufus argue over her quitting Eleanor’s and Jenny moves out of the Humphreys' apartment and moves in with Agnes, who suggests that they plan a guerrilla fashion show at the charity gala honoring Lily and Bart.[9] The show is a big success but Vanessa witnesses her kissing Nate, thereby straining their friendship. Rufus tries to get her arrested but is stopped by Lily. Agnes's fiery temper and their growing disagreements over the clothing line make it hard for them to close a business deal. Jenny steals Agnes’s contact list, attempting to make a deal by herself. Upon learning of Jenny’s betrayal, Agnes burns all her dresses and kicks her out of her apartment, leaving her with nothing.[10]
Upon learning that she is too young to start her own business, she attempts to file for emancipation, but Rufus refuses. On Thanksgiving, Lily finds the papers after discovering that Jenny has been hiding in their apartment with Eric, and warns Rufus. Rufus and Jenny reconcile after a little persuasion from Eleanor and she returns home.[11] During the Snowflake Ball, Jenny learns that Vanessa and Nate are back together even though Vanessa was aware of Nate's feelings for her. Nate breaks up with her after she helps to humiliate Vanessa at the ball. Jenny returns to Constance and is forced to contend with Blair’s minions.
During the season finale and Serena’s hunt for Gossip Girl, Jenny decides to compete to be the next Queen Bee after Blair leaves. She almost drops out, but Blair gives her a touching speech about keeping her eye on the prize. In the end Blair chooses Jenny and crowns her queen of Constance.[12]
Season 3[edit]
After Jenny fails to bring about egalitarianism at Constance, she resolves to rule as Queen Bee with her own group of minions.[13] With her new position and wealth, Jenny’s social-climbing persona resurfaces and she begins to erase her former Brooklyn self, throwing away her homemade clothes and sewing machine. Worried that Jenny is turning into a typical Queen Bee, Eric and Jonathon attempt an intervention, but are humiliated by Jenny and her clique.[14] Eric teams up with Blair to take down Jenny at the Cotillion Ball by sabotaging her escort. The plan backfires, and Jenny instead secures Nate to escort her, winning her the respect of the Queens at every prep school on the Upper East Side. As a consequence of Eric’s scheming, Jonathan breaks up with him and a rift emerges in Jenny and Eric’s relationship.[15]
Chuck introduces her to Damien Dalgaard, son of the Belgian ambassador, who deals drugs.[16] Liking his wild lifestyle, Jenny strikes up a relationship with him and helps him supply drugs to his customers while sharing in some of the profit, even stealing some of Lily’s “headache pills”.[17] Lily and Rufus find out about the drugs, which Damien covers up with a story about his father.[18] Against Rufus’s will, Jenny continues her relationship with Damien, who seems interested in taking it further. Jenny, who is a virgin, backs out at the last minute, causing Damien to break up with her, leaving her to face her family.[19]
At Rufus’s suggestion, Eleanor reemploys Jenny to help out with her upcoming fashion show. Jenny is happy to be back, but is shocked to learn that one of the models she’ll be working with is Agnes, who, after the show finishes, takes revenge on Jenny by drugging her and leaving her in a bar to be taken advantage of. Nate rescues Jenny before anything happens to her. Because of this, Jenny’s feelings for Nate reawaken and she aspires to win him over.[20] She tries to kiss him but he resists her advances because he sees her only as a friend and because he is dating Serena. Jenny attempts to sabotage Serena and Nate’s relationship by lying to Serena and implying to Nate that she is having an affair with Carter Baizen. Jenny’s attempts fail, and her relationship with both is left tenuous after Nate kicks her out of his apartment.
At a gala event where Serena’s recently returned father William Van Der Woodsen is making a speech, a former client of Damien’s approaches Jenny, angrily telling her the drugs she sold her (Lily’s cancer medication) gave her a yeast infection. Rufus overhears this and grounds Jenny to the Humphrey apartment in Brooklyn.[21] During her punishment, Jenny researches Lily’s medicine and tells Chuck there is something very wrong with the medication Serena’s father is prescribing her. It is discovered that William has lied to Lily about her condition and been giving her drugs that make her sick in a plot to win her back from Rufus. Seeing an opportunity to break up Rufus and Lily and return her family to the way it was before, Jenny attempts to sabotage Blair, Chuck, and Nate’s plan to unveil William’s deception. When William is about to be held accountable, she quickly runs to William and warns him, telling him the police are coming to get him, and urges him to escape. Back at the van der Woodsen penthouse she reveals that she warned William and says she wishes her family could go back to normal: "When I lived in Brooklyn, I may have had to ride the subway to school, and make my own clothes, but at least our family was happy". Rufus says the only thing that needs to return to normal is Jenny. Eric is hurt by Jenny's attempt to leave the family, and says that if she wants out, no one is forcing her to stay.[22]
Jenny hits rock bottom after sending Gossip Girl a picture of Dan and Serena in bed together, jeopardizing Dan and Nate’s friendship, Dan and Vanessa's relationship, and breaking up Nate and Serena’s relationship. Blair confronts Jenny, telling her, “Nate loves Serena, Dan loves Vanessa — God knows why — and Chuck loves me. But you, Jenny? No one loves you except your daddy. And after what you pulled yesterday, who knows if that's even true anymore?”[23] Emotionally distressed, Jenny goes to Nate’s apartment but instead finds Chuck devastated over his break-up with Blair and in her state of vulnerability, Jenny loses her virginity to Chuck. Afterward, Blair arrives willing to take Chuck back and Jenny sneaks out. She breaks down in tears to Eric, telling him that everyone hates her and that she slept with Chuck. Eric tells Dan, who confronts Chuck just as he is about to propose to Blair. Jenny, in tears, leaves with Rufus and Lily. A week later, she says her goodbyes to her family and leaves to finish high school with her mother in Hudson.[24]
Season 4[edit]
Jenny has been living in Hudson with her mother since May. Blair finds Jenny preparing for an interview with Tim Gunn, and grants her a special day pass. When Chuck steals Jenny's portfolio, she is forced to visit The Empire Hotel, where Blair had forbidden her to go. This results in Blair and Jenny scheming against each other, and Jenny eventually telling Gossip Girl that she lost her virginity to Chuck, not Damien Dalgaard. While Jenny is left feeling victorious, a defeated Blair blames Chuck. Jenny ultimately realises the damage of her return and decides to leave for good, telling Blair and Chuck that their vindictive games against each other will soon destroy them both.
Juliet and Vanessa Skype Jenny, asking for help to take down Serena. Jenny doesn't want to go back to her old tricks but also feels Serena is to blame for everything that happened last year and can never take blame for anything, so she agrees to help with the scheme. But when Serena ends up in the hospital after being drugged by Juliet, Jenny tells Juliet that she is going to come clean with everyone about their scheme. Juliet warns her that she will be going down alone. When Jenny appears at the hospital, Vanessa has already pinned the entire scheme on her; unable to defend herself, she leaves, showing up at Blair's later that night, telling her that Juliet was behind everything and that she and Vanessa were merely accomplices. To prove her story, she hands Blair Juliet's masquerade mask and earns Blair's forgiveness. After confessing to Blair, she says she would love to help her take down Juliet, but she should return to Hudson rather than become involved in another scheme.
Season 5[edit]
In the premiere episode of season 5, "Yes, Then Zero," Rufus reveals that Jenny moved to London to attend Central Saint Martins.
Season 6[edit]
In the final episode of the series, it is revealed that Jenny knew that her brother, Dan Humphrey, was the mysterious blogger behind Gossip Girl. She returns to the Upper East Side, appearing in the five-year time jump for her brother's wedding to Serena van der Woodsen. Jenny works as a designer for Blair's fashion empire, implying that they have gotten over their past animosity. Together they create their own clothing line, "J for Waldorf".
Reception[edit]
Rumors have been made throughout Gossip Girl's first few seasons that Jenny would be given her own spin-off, in line with the character leaving for boarding school just like the novels. News later confirmed that producers did not pick up the spin-off.[25]
Jenny's character further gained prominence during the show's third season. Enid Portugez of the LA Times praised Jenny's fashionable skills, stating that "Jenny capped off the drama by showing us she's becoming extremely adept at becoming a drug dealer. Her brilliant idea to sew pills into jacket paillettes could have easily won her a "Project Runway" challenge! Despite the illegality of it all, it was nice to see Jenny put her wit and wiles to use..." [26] Following the dramatic events during the third season finale, Michael Ausiello praised both Leighton Meester and Taylor Momsen's performance.[27] L.J. Gibbs, from TV Fanatic, gave the episode a 3.5 rating star out of 5, and said that he felt that Chuck being shot at the end of the episode was a very "cheap move by the writers", and that the storyline involving Chuck and Jenny having sex was very "unlikely".[28] Mark O. Estes, from TV Overmind, had also praised Taylor Momsen's performance in the episode and said that he "wish that Jenny had of gotten her own spin-off", and questions that if her send-off in this episode means that the show's writers have a "Katherine Heigl" situation on their hands".[29] However, Jenny was included in TV Guide's list of The Most Loathed TV Characters.[30]
When asked during a Vanity Fair interview if "real" girls could afford the looks from the show, costume designers Eric Daman and Meredith Markworth-Pollack commented on Jenny's style and stated "Of course! Have fun with it like Jenny Humphrey does, and listen to your fashion sense. Go to a vintage or thrift store and have it tailored so it looks like Marc Jacobs [...] but it’s all about individuality." [31]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Gossip Girl - Cast - Taylor Momsen". CWtv.com. Archived from the original on 2010-06-11. Retrieved 2010-06-17.
Jump up ^ "Pilot Episode Recap". TV.com. Archived from the original on 2010-04-21. Retrieved 2010-06-17.
Jump up ^ "The Thin Line Between Chuck and Nate Episode Recap". TV.com. Archived from the original on 2010-06-12. Retrieved 2010-06-17.
Jump up ^ "The Blair Bitch Project Episode Recap". TV.com. Archived from the original on 2009-12-13. Retrieved 2010-06-17.
Jump up ^ "All About My Brother Episode Recap". TV.com. Archived from the original on 2010-06-17. Retrieved 2010-06-17.
Jump up ^ "Summer, Kind of Wonderful Episode Recap". TV.com. Archived from the original on 2010-10-24. Retrieved 2010-06-17.
Jump up ^ "The Serena Also Rises". TV.com. Retrieved 2010-06-17.
Jump up ^ "Pret-a-Poor-J". TV.com. Retrieved 2010-06-17.
Jump up ^ "There Might be Blood Episode Recap". TV.com. Retrieved 2010-06-17. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "Bonfire of the Vanity Episode Recap". TV.com. Archived from the original on 2010-07-30. Retrieved 2010-06-17.
Jump up ^ "The Magnificent Archibalds Episode Recap". TV.com. Archived from the original on 2010-07-30. Retrieved 2010-06-17.
Jump up ^ "The Goodbye Gossip Girl Episode Recap". TV.com. Archived from the original on 2010-06-15. Retrieved 2010-06-17.
Jump up ^ "Dan de Fleurette Episode Recap". TV.com. Archived from the original on 2009-10-22. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
Jump up ^ "How to Succeed in Bassness Episode Recap". TV.com. Archived from the original on 2009-11-06. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
Jump up ^ "They Shoot Humphreys, Don't They? Episode Recap". TV.com. Archived from the original on 2010-06-27. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
Jump up ^ "The Last Days of Disco Stick Episode Recap". TV.com. Archived from the original on 2010-06-29. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
Jump up ^ "The Hurt Locket Episode Recap". TV.com. Archived from the original on 2010-06-19. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
Jump up ^ "The Lady Vanished Episode Recap". TV.com. Archived from the original on 2010-06-29. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
Jump up ^ "The Sixteen Year Old Virgin Episode Recap". TV.com. Archived from the original on 2010-06-11. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
Jump up ^ "The Empire Strikes Jack Episode Recap". TV.com. Archived from the original on 2010-06-03. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
Jump up ^ "It's a Dad, Dad Dad, World". TV.com. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
Jump up ^ "Ex-Husbands and Wives Episode Recap". TV.com. Archived from the original on 2010-06-14. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
Jump up ^ "Last Tango, Then Paris Trivia and Quotes". TV.com. Archived from the original on 2010-07-04. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
Jump up ^ "Last Tango, Then Paris Episode Recap". TV.com. Archived from the original on 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
Jump up ^ "'Gossip Girl' Producers Considering Spin-off?". Entertainment Weekly. 2008-06-11.
Jump up ^ "'Gossip Girl': Reunited and it feels so good". Los Angeles Times. March 9, 2010. Retrieved March 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (May 10, 2010). "Exclusive: I've seen the 'Gossip Girl' finale and it's [major spoiler alert]!". EW. Archived from the original on May 13, 2010. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gibbs, L.J. (May 18, 2010). "Gossip Girl Season Finale Review: The End of the Beginning". TV Fanatic. Retrieved July 21, 2010.
Jump up ^ Estes, Mark O. (May 18, 2010). "Gossip Girl 3.22 "Last Tango, Then Paris" Recap/Review". TV Overmind. Retrieved July 21, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Most Loathed TV Characters Pictures, Jenny Photos". TV Guide. Retrieved September 14, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Welcome Back, Gossip Girl". Vanity Fair. March 17, 2011. Archived from the original on March 1, 2011.
[hide]
v
t
e
Gossip Girl
Episodes
Season 1
"Pilot"
"The Wild Brunch"
"Victor, Victrola"
"Hi, Society"
"The Thin Line Between Chuck and Nate"
"Desperately Seeking Serena"
"All About My Brother"
"Much 'I Do' About Nothing"
Season 2
"Summer, Kind of Wonderful"
"Never Been Marcused"
"The Dark Night"
"The Ex Files"
"The Serena Also Rises"
"Seder Anything"
"Valley Girls"
"The Goodbye Gossip Girl"
Season 3
"Reversals of Fortune"
"The Freshman"
"The Lost Boy"
"Enough About Eve"
"They Shoot Humphreys, Don't They?"
"The Last Days of Disco Stick"
"The Debarted"
"The Hurt Locket"
"Last Tango, Then Paris"
Season 4
"Belles de Jour"
"Double Identity"
"The Undergraduates"
"Touch of Eva"
"Easy J"
"Gaslit"
"The Townie"
"Petty in Pink"
"The Princesses and the Frog"
"The Wrong Goodbye"
Season 5
"Yes, Then Zero"
"All the Pretty Sources"
"Rhodes to Perdition"
"Riding in Town Cars with Boys"
"The End of the Affair?"
"Father and the Bride"
"G.G."
"The Backup Dan"
Season 6
"Gone Maybe Gone"
"New York, I Love You XOXO"
Characters
Serena van der Woodsen
Blair Waldorf
Dan Humphrey
Nate Archibald
Jenny Humphrey
Chuck Bass
Vanessa Abrams
Eric van der Woodsen
Lily van der Woodsen
Rufus Humphrey
Georgina Sparks
Juliet Sharp
Ivy Dickens
Lola Rhodes
Related
Gossip Girl novel series
The It Girl novel series
OMFGG – Original Music Featured on Gossip Girl No. 1
Gossip Girl: Acapulco
episodes
Gossip Girl: Thailand
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jenny_Humphrey&oldid=834153008"
Categories:
Gossip Girl characters
Characters in American novels of the 21st century
Child characters in television
Fictional characters introduced in 2002
Fictional characters from New York City
Fictional American people of English descent
Fictional artists
Fictional socialites
Fictional people in fashion
Fictional drug dealers
Fictional victims of bullies
Fictional bullies
Teenage characters in television
Fictional college students
Hidden categories:
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from April 2017
Articles with permanently dead external links
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Español
Français
Italiano
Nederlands
Português
Русский
Türkçe
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 4 April 2018, at 06:01.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

tag: div

attr: id class

value: mw-page-base noprint

key: html

type: local

value: mw-head-base noprint

tag: a

attr: id class lang

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

tag: th

attr: colspan style

value: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background: #F0E68C; color: #000000;

tag: tr

attr: href title

tag: i

attr: href class title

value:
/wiki/The_It_Girl_(book_series)
mw-redirect
The It Girl (book series)

tag: td

tag: img

attr: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

tag: b

tag: br

value: text-align:center;background: #F0E68C; color: #000000;

value: Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design

value:
/wiki/Fashion_designer
mw-redirect
Fashion designer

value:
/wiki/Drug_dealer
mw-redirect
Drug dealer

value:
infobox
width:22em;border-spacing: 2px 5px;

value:
/wiki/Dan_Humphrey_(Gossip_Girl)
mw-redirect
Dan Humphrey (Gossip Girl)

value:
/wiki/Lily_van_der_Woodsen
mw-redirect
Lily van der Woodsen

value:
/wiki/Rufus_Humphrey
mw-redirect
Rufus Humphrey

value: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value: Category:Characters in American novels of the 21st century

value: Category:Fictional characters introduced in 2002

value: Category:Fictional characters from New York City

value: Category:Fictional American people of English descent

value: Category:Teenage characters in television

value: Category:All articles with dead external links

value: Category:Articles with dead external links from April 2017

value: Category:Articles with permanently dead external links

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value:
/wiki/Jenny_Humphrey
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

value: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

value: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

value: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

value: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

value: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

value: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

value: Permanent link to this revision of the page

value: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

value: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

value: Дженни Хамфри – Russian

value: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

value: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

value:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Jenny_Humphrey rootpage-Jenny_Humphrey skin-vector action-view