text:
It's a Beautiful Day (Michael Bublé song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"It's a Beautiful Day"
Single by Michael Bublé
from the album To Be Loved
Released
February 25, 2013
Format
Digital download, CD single
Recorded
2013
Genre
Power pop
Length
3:19
Label
143, Reprise
Songwriter(s)
Michael Bublé, Alan Chang, Amy S. Foster[1]
Producer(s)
Bob Rock
Michael Bublé singles chronology
"White Christmas"
(2012) "It's a Beautiful Day"
(2013) "Close Your Eyes"
(2013)
"White Christmas"
(2012) "It's a Beautiful Day"
(2013) "Close Your Eyes"
(2013)
"It's a Beautiful Day" is a song by Canadian singer Michael Bublé, released as the first single from his eighth studio album, To Be Loved. The single was released on iTunes on February 25, 2013.[2] It peaked at number ten on the UK Singles Chart and it was certified gold by the Federation of the Italian Music Industry.[3] The song also charted to top five in Belgium, Finland, Indonesia and Japan.
Contents
[hide]
1 Critical reception
2 Music video
2.1 Synopsis
3 Live performances
4 Track listing
5 Charts and certifications
5.1 Weekly charts
5.2 Year-end charts
5.3 Certifications
6 Release history
7 References
8 External links
Critical reception[edit]
"It's a Beautiful Day"
A 19-second sample of "It's a Beautiful Day" by Michael Bublé, where the chorus is heard.
Problems playing this file? See media help.
Music blog POP! Goes the Charts described the song as "surprisingly cheerful", noting its full arrangement and descriptive lyrics, and concluding that it would be a "huge seller".[4]
Music video[edit]
A music video to accompany the release of "It's a Beautiful Day" was first released onto YouTube on March 25, 2013 at a total length of three minutes and fifty-one seconds.[5] It was filmed on Colonial Street, the same street that appeared as Wisteria Lane in the series Desperate Housewives.
Synopsis[edit]
The video shows Bublé arriving at a home to find his on-screen girlfriend, played by Jaime Pressly, enjoying a kiss with Jesse Heiman. As he enters the house and sees them kissing, he asks: "What's going on?". His girlfriend quickly responds, "have you met my yoga instructor?", while Jesse, puts his hands together and says "Namaste". Looking bemused, Bublé shakes his head saying "It's awesome, it's all good, it's all good" before walking out the house. He walks out into the street where he passes a number of women doing various things, some of whom stop and look back at him. As the chorus kicks in he's joined by women in ring master costumes who do a routine with him, while confetti falls around them. The video also features an animated bird which lands on his hand, a rainbow and a unicorn shaped cloud. The video continues with Bublé sitting in kissing booth, with a long line of women waiting to share a kiss with him before he passes a woman who is paddling her feet in a large martini glass, as a paper Chinese Dragon weaves around him. Finally he finds himself back at his house where his girlfriend is leaning out the window. As he sings to her she falls out but an unconcerned Bublé just shrugs and walks on. As he hits the road once again, walking toward the viewer, the video ends rather dramatically with explosions and fire erupting behind him.[6]
Live performances[edit]
On March 23, 2013 he performed the song live on long-running German-language entertainment television show Wetten, dass..?. He also performed the song live on Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway on March 30, 2013, and during his performance, Ant & Dec, Simon Cowell and Lewis Hamilton left the ITV studios on a golf buggy, and ran into a pub, Bublé then walks across the studio to find cardboard cutouts of Ant & Dec, he then leaves the studio with his band singing and walks to the pub and has a go at the karaoke version of "Let's Get Ready to Rhumble".[7] Bublé performed It's a Beautiful Day (Swing Version) on The X Factor (U.S. season 3) Week 5 Result Show on November 28.[8]
Track listing[edit]
German CD single[9]
"It's a Beautiful Day" - 3:25
"Hollywood" - 3:35
7" vinyl[10]
"It's a Beautiful Day" - 3:25
"Hollywood" - 3:34
It's A Beautiful Day EP
"It's a Beautiful Day" - 3:25
"You'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine"
"Home"
"Me and Mrs Jones"
"At This Moment"
Digital download
"It's a Beautiful Day" - 3:25
Charts and certifications[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (2013)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[11] 33
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[12] 24
Belgium (Ultratip Flanders)[13] 40
Belgium (Ultratip Wallonia)[14] 5
Brazilian Singles Chart (ABPD)[15] 79
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[16] 20
Czech Republic (Rádio Top 100)[17] 45
Denmark (Tracklisten)[18] 40
Finland (Suomen virallinen radiolista)[19] 3
France (SNEP)[20] 81
Germany (Official German Charts)[21] 28
Iceland (Tónlist)[22] 13
Ireland (IRMA)[23] 28
Israel (Media Forest)[24] 7
Italy (FIMI)[25] 16
Japan (Japan Hot 100)[26] 4
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[27] 13
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[28] 9
Slovakia (Rádio Top 100)[29] 83
Slovenia (SloTop50)[30] 20
South Africa (EMA)[31] 9
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[32] 42
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[33] 32
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[34] 10
US Billboard Hot 100[35] 94
US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[36] 22
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[37] 7
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (2013)
Position
Italy (FIMI)[38] 89
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[39]
Gold 35,000^
Italy (FIMI)[40]
Gold 15,000*
United Kingdom (BPI)[41]
Silver 200,000
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
Release history[edit]
Region
Date
Format
Label
Germany February 25, 2013[42]
CD single
digital download
vinyl
143 Records, Reprise Records
United States March 20, 2013[43]
CD single
digital download
EP
Canada
United Kingdom March 31, 2013[44] Digital download
References[edit]
Jump up ^ BMI | Repertoire Search[permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Michael Bublé Official Website
Jump up ^ "Certificazioni - Archivio" (in Italian). Federation of the Italian Music Industry. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved July 8, 2013. Select Online, Week 26, Year 2013, then press Avvia la ricerca.
Jump up ^ SINGLE PREMIERE: Michael Bublé – “It’s A Beautiful Day” (+ Lyrics) | POP! Goes The Charts
Jump up ^ Michael Bublé - "It's A Beautiful Day" youtube.com/
Jump up ^ Michael Bublé's amusing video for It's A Beautiful Day featuring nerd who kissed Bar Refaeli in Super Bowl ad. Mail Online
Jump up ^ Michael Bublé - It's a Beautiful Day/Let's Get Ready to Rhumble (Ant & Decs Saturday Night Takeaway). YouTube. youtube.com/
Jump up ^ Michael Bublé - It's a Beautiful Day - Swing Mix on The U.S. X-Factor Result Show on YouTube
Jump up ^ It's a Beautiful Day (2track): Amazon.de: Musik
Jump up ^ It's a Beautiful Day [Vinyl Single]: Amazon.co.uk: Music
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – Michael Bublé – It's A Beautiful Day". ARIA Top 50 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Michael Bublé – It's A Beautiful Day" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Michael Bublé – It's A Beautiful Day" (in Dutch). Ultratip.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Michael Bublé – It's A Beautiful Day" (in French). Ultratip.
Jump up ^ "Brazil" (PDF). ABPD. October 6, 2001. Retrieved April 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Michael Bublé Chart History (Canadian Hot 100)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "ČNS IFPI" (in Czech). Hitparáda – Radio Top 100 Oficiální. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201415 into search.
Jump up ^ "Danishcharts.com – Michael Bublé – It's A Beautiful Day". Tracklisten.
Jump up ^ "Radio Nova: Suomen suosituimmat - Viikko 18/2013" (in Finnish). Radio Nova. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Lescharts.com – Michael Bublé – It's A Beautiful Day" (in French). Les classement single.
Jump up ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Michael Bublé – It's A Beautiful Day". GfK Entertainment Charts.
Jump up ^ "Netlistinn viku 25, 2013" (in Icelandic). Tónlist. Archived from the original on September 4, 2013. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Chart Track: Week 15, 2013". Irish Singles Chart.
Jump up ^ "Michael Bublé – It´s A Beautiful Day Media Forest". Israeli Airplay Chart. Media Forest.
Jump up ^ "Italiancharts.com – Michael Bublé – It's a Beautiful Day". Top Digital Download.
Jump up ^ "Michael Bublé Chart History (Japan Hot 100)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – Michael Bublé" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40. Retrieved April 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ "SNS IFPI" (in Slovak). Hitparáda – Radio Top 100 Oficiálna. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201314 into search.
Jump up ^ "SloTop50: Slovenian official singles weekly chart" (in Slovenian). SloTop50. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "EMA Top 10 Airplay: Week Ending 2013-06-04". Entertainment Monitoring Africa. Retrieved September 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Spanishcharts.com – Michael Bublé – It's A Beautiful Day" Canciones Top 50.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Michael Bublé – It's A Beautiful Day". Swiss Singles Chart.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ "Michael Bublé Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Michael Bublé Chart History (Adult Pop Songs)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Michael Bublé Chart History (Adult Contemporary)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "CLASSIFICHE ANNUALI 2013 TOP OF THE MUSIC BY FIMI GfK" (in Italian). FIMI. January 9, 2014. Archived from the original on January 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2013 Singles". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved 4 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Italian single certifications – Buble Michael – It's a Beautiful Day" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved 4 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "British single certifications – Michael Bublé – It's a Beautiful Day". British Phonographic Industry. Enter It's a Beautiful Day in the search field and then press Enter.
Jump up ^ iTunes - Music - It's a Beautiful Day - Single by Michael Bublé
Jump up ^ Its a Beautiful Day Ep: Amazon.co.uk: Music
Jump up ^ iTunes - Music - It's a Beautiful Day - Single by Michael Bublé
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[hide]
v
t
e
Michael Bublé
Discography
Studio albums
BaBalu (2001)
Dream (2002)
Michael Bublé (2003)
It's Time (2005)
Call Me Irresponsible (2007)
Crazy Love (2009)
Christmas (2011)
To Be Loved (2013)
Nobody but Me (2016)
Live albums
Come Fly with Me (2004)
Caught in the Act (2005)
Michael Bublé Meets Madison Square Garden (2009)
Extended plays
First Dance (1995)
Totally Bublé (2003)
Let It Snow (2003)
More (2005)
With Love (2006)
A Taste of Bublé (2008)
Special Delivery (2010)
A Holiday Gift for You (2010)
Singles
"How Can You Mend a Broken Heart"
"Kissing a Fool"
"Sway"
"Spider-Man Theme"
"Feeling Good"
"Home"
"Save the Last Dance for Me"
"Everything"
"Me and Mrs. Jones"
"Lost"
"It Had Better Be Tonight"
"Comin' Home Baby"
"Haven't Met You Yet"
"Hold On"
"Baby (You've Got What It Takes)"
"Cry Me a River"
"Crazy Love"
"Hollywood"
"Georgia on My Mind"
"Don't Get Around Much Anymore"
"All I Want for Christmas Is You"
"It's Beginning to Look a Lot Like Christmas" / "Jingle Bells"
"White Christmas"
"Nobody but Me"
Concert tours
Crazy Love Tour (2010–12)
To Be Loved Tour (2013–14)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=It%27s_a_Beautiful_Day_(Michael_Bublé_song)&oldid=829112929"
Categories:
2013 singles
Michael Bublé songs
Songs written by Michael Bublé
143 Records singles
Reprise Records singles
Songs written by Alan Chang
2013 songs
Song recordings produced by Bob Rock
Songs written by Amy S. Foster
Hidden categories:
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from November 2017
Articles with permanently dead external links
CS1 Italian-language sources (it)
CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)
CS1 Icelandic-language sources (is)
CS1 Slovenian-language sources (sl)
Articles with hAudio microformats
Singlechart usages for Australia
Singlechart usages for Austria
Singlechart usages for Flanders Tip
Singlechart usages for Wallonia Tip
Singlechart usages for Billboardcanadianhot100
Singlechart usages for Czech Republic
Singlechart called without artist
Singlechart called without song
Singlechart usages for Denmark
Singlechart usages for France
Singlechart usages for Germany2
Singlechart usages for Ireland
Singlechart usages for Israelairplay
Singlechart usages for Italy
Singlechart usages for Billboardjapanhot100
Singlechart usages for Dutch40
Singlechart usages for Scotland
Singlechart usages for Slovakia
Singlechart usages for South Africa
Singlechart usages for Spain
Singlechart usages for Switzerland
Singlechart usages for UK
Singlechart usages for Billboardhot100
Singlechart usages for Billboardadultpopsongs
Singlechart usages for Billboardadultcontemporary
Certification Table Entry usages for Australia
Certification Table Entry usages for Italy
Certification Table Entry usages for United Kingdom
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Español
Italiano
Nederlands
Suomi
Edit links
This page was last edited on 6 March 2018, at 18:47.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

tag: div

attr: id class

value: mw-page-base noprint

key: html

type: local

value: mw-head-base noprint

tag: a

attr: id class lang

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

tag: th

attr: colspan class style

tag: tr

tag: img

attr: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value: "It's A Beautiful Day" - Michael Bublé single cover art.jpg

attr: href class

tag: td

attr: colspan style

attr: href title

tag: i

value: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0;

value: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding:.2em .1em;

value: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em;

value: background: transparent; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;

value: width:33%; padding:.2em .1em .2em 0; text-align: center;

value: width:33%; padding:.2em .1em; text-align: center;

value: width:33%; padding:.2em 0 .2em .1em; text-align: center;

value: Federation of the Italian Music Industry

value: position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 110px; right: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 0px; width: 0px;

value: left: 50%; top: 50%; margin-left: -35px; margin-top: -27.5px;

value: width:220px width: 220px; position: relative;

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help
mw-redirect
Wikipedia:Media help

value: Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos

value: International Federation of the Phonographic Industry

value:
/wiki/Suomen_virallinen_lista
mw-redirect
Suomen virallinen lista

value: Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique

value:
/wiki/Japan_Hot_100
mw-redirect
Japan Hot 100

value:
col
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

attr: scope data-sort-type class tabindex role title

value:
col
number
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

value: Australian Recording Industry Association

attr: alt src width height data-file-width data-file-height

value: wikitable sortable plainrowheaders jquery-tablesorter

value: border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; border: 0; background:transparent; width:100%;

value:
/wiki/Gramophone_record
mw-redirect
Gramophone record

value:
nofollow
external text
http://asdfg-menezes.org/bookBR.pdf

value:
/wiki/Canciones_Top_50
mw-redirect
Canciones Top 50

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.fimi.it/4111

value:
nofollow
https://www.bpi.co.uk/bpi-awards/
external text

value: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

value:
Michael_Bublé
fn
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

value:
navbox-abovebelow
2
background: #EEEEEE;

value:
row
navbox-group
width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;

value: Michael Bublé Meets Madison Square Garden

value: It's Beginning to Look a Lot Like Christmas

value: nowraplinks vcard hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value: Category:Song recordings produced by Bob Rock

value: Category:All articles with dead external links

value: Category:Articles with dead external links from November 2017

value: Category:Articles with permanently dead external links

value: Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)

value: Category:CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)

value: Category:CS1 Icelandic-language sources (is)

value: Category:CS1 Slovenian-language sources (sl)

value: Category:Articles with hAudio microformats

value: Category:Singlechart usages for Australia

value: Category:Singlechart usages for Flanders Tip

value: Category:Singlechart usages for Wallonia Tip

value: Category:Singlechart usages for Billboardcanadianhot100

value: Category:Singlechart usages for Czech Republic

value: Category:Singlechart called without artist

value: Category:Singlechart called without song

value: Category:Singlechart usages for Germany2

value: Category:Singlechart usages for Israelairplay

value: Category:Singlechart usages for Billboardjapanhot100

value: Category:Singlechart usages for Scotland

value: Category:Singlechart usages for Slovakia

value: Category:Singlechart usages for South Africa

value: Category:Singlechart usages for Switzerland

value: Category:Singlechart usages for Billboardhot100

value: Category:Singlechart usages for Billboardadultpopsongs

value: Category:Singlechart usages for Billboardadultcontemporary

value: Category:Certification Table Entry usages for Australia

value: Category:Certification Table Entry usages for Italy

value: Category:Certification Table Entry usages for United Kingdom

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

value: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

value: It's a Beautiful Day (canción de Michael Bublé) – Spanish

value: It's a Beautiful Day (Michael Bublé) – Italian

value: It's a Beautiful Day (Michael Bublé) – Dutch

value: It’s a Beautiful Day (Michael Bublén kappale) – Finnish

value: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

value: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

value:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-It_s_a_Beautiful_Day_Michael_Bublé_song rootpage-It_s_a_Beautiful_Day_Michael_Bublé_song skin-vector action-view


text:
Stock split
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2007) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A stock split or stock divide increases the number of shares in a company. The price is adjusted such that the before and after market capitalization of the company remains the same and dilution does not occur.[1] Options and warrants are included.
A company may split its stock, for example, when the market price per share is so high that it becomes unwieldy when traded. For example, when the share price is very high it may deter small investors from buying the shares, especially if there is a minimum trading parcel.
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
2 Currency
3 Effect on historical charts
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Overview[edit]
For example, a company which has 100 issued shares priced at $50 per share, has a market capitalization of $5000 = 100 × $50. If the company splits its stock 2-for-1, there are now 200 shares of stock and each shareholder holds twice as many shares. The price of each share is adjusted to $25 = $5000 / 200. The market capitalization is 200 × $25 = $5000, the same as before the split.
Ratios of 2-for-1, 3-for-1, and 3-for-2 splits are the most common, but any ratio is possible. Splits of 4-for-3, 5-for-2, and 5-for-4 are used, though less frequently. Investors will sometimes receive cash payments in lieu of fractional shares.
It is often claimed[citation needed] that stock splits, in and of themselves, lead to higher stock prices; research, however, does not bear this out.[citation needed] What is true is that stock splits are usually initiated after a large run up in share price. Momentum investing would suggest that such a trend would continue regardless of the stock split. In any case, stock splits do increase the liquidity of a stock; there are more buyers and sellers for 10 shares at $10 than 1 share at $100. Some companies have the opposite strategy: by refusing to split the stock and keeping the price high, they reduce trading volume. Berkshire Hathaway is a notable example of this.
Other effects could be psychological. If many investors believe that a stock split will result in an increased share price and purchase the stock the share price will tend to increase. Others contend that the management of a company, by initiating a stock split, is implicitly signaling its confidence in the future prospects of the company.
In a market where there is a high minimum number of shares, or a penalty for trading in so-called odd lots (a non multiple of some arbitrary number of shares), a reduced share price may attract more attention from small investors. Small investors such as these, however, will have negligible impact on the overall price.
Currency[edit]
The analog in currency would be redenomination. This would be where a currency increases in value so that people have to use small fractions. Then a new unit (such as dollar) can be introduced, such that an old unit is equal to 10 (or some number) new units.
An example is with the Australian currency. The Australian pound was split into two Australian dollars.
Effect on historical charts[edit]
When a stock splits, many charts show it similarly to a dividend payout and therefore do not show a dramatic dip in price. Taking the same example as above, a company with 100 shares of stock priced at $50 per share. The company splits its stock 2-for-1. There are now 200 shares of stock and each shareholder holds twice as many shares.
The price of each share is adjusted to $25. As a result, when looking at a historical chart, one might expect to see the stock dropping from $50 to $25. To avoid these discontinuities, many charts use what is known as an adjusted share price; that is, they divide all closing prices before the split by the split ratio. Thus, when looking at the charts it will seem as if the price was always $25. Both the Yahoo! historical price charts[2] and the Google historical price charts[3] show the adjusted close prices.
See also[edit]
Reverse stock split
Share dividend
Share repurchase also known as stock buyback
Berkshire Hathaway Class A, which has never had a stock split is valued at over US$200,000 per share.
Berkshire Hathaway Class B, had a stock split 50-1 in 2010. Prior to the split, its price per share at times had been valued at US$3,000 per share.
Market depth
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Stock Splits". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. 2010-03-29. Retrieved 2014-06-05.
Jump up ^ Yahoo Finance Historical Charts
Jump up ^ Google Finance Historical Charts
External links[edit]
Online database predicting over 2,000 stock splits
Stock split calendar showing prices pre-split and post-split
Profiting From Special Situations Like Stock Splits
Stock split calendar for U.S. companies
Stock split and reverse split examples for shareholders
Swiss stock split calendar for European companies and worldwide companies incl. U.S. companies (in German)
Useful resource for historical split dates and prices of all stocks
[hide]
v
t
e
Financial markets
Types of markets
Primary market
Secondary market
Third market
Fourth market
Types of stocks
Common stock
Golden share
Preferred stock
Restricted stock
Tracking stock
Share capital
Authorised capital
Issued shares
Shares outstanding
Treasury stock
Participants
Broker-dealer
Day trader
Floor broker
Floor trader
Investor
Market maker
Proprietary trader
Quantitative analyst
Regulator
Stock trader
Exchanges
Electronic communication network
List of stock exchanges
Trading hours
Multilateral trading facility
Over-the-counter
Stock valuation
Alpha
Arbitrage pricing theory
Beta
Bid–ask spread
Book value
Capital asset pricing model
Capital market line
Dividend discount model
Dividend yield
Earnings per share
Earnings yield
Net asset value
Security characteristic line
Security market line
T-model
Trading theories
and strategies
Algorithmic trading
Buy and hold
Contrarian investing
Day trading
Dollar cost averaging
Efficient-market hypothesis
Fundamental analysis
Growth stock
Market timing
Modern portfolio theory
Momentum investing
Mosaic theory
Pairs trade
Post-modern portfolio theory
Random walk hypothesis
Sector rotation
Style investing
Swing trading
Technical analysis
Trend following
Value investing
Related terms
Block trade
Cross listing
Dark pool
Dividend
Dual-listed company
DuPont analysis
Efficient frontier
Flight-to-quality
Haircut
Initial public offering
Long
Margin
Market anomaly
Market capitalization
Market depth
Market manipulation
Market trend
Mean reversion
Momentum
Open outcry
Position
Public float
Public offering
Rally
Returns-based style analysis
Reverse stock split
Share repurchase
Short selling
Slippage
Speculation
Stock dilution
Stock market index
Stock split
Trade
Uptick rule
Volatility
Voting interest
Yield
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stock_split&oldid=800706676"
Categories:
Stock market
Corporate finance
Hidden categories:
Articles needing additional references from November 2007
All articles needing additional references
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from June 2017
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Čeština
Deutsch
Español
Euskara
فارسی
Français
한국어
Italiano
עברית
Македонски
Nederlands
日本語
Polski
Português
Русский
Svenska
Українська
中文
10 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 15 September 2017, at 05:29.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

value: mw-page-base noprint

value: mw-head-base noprint

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

tag: b

attr: class href

value: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

tag: span

tag: small

tag: tbody

value: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

value: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)

value:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

value: Edit section: Effect on historical charts

value:
/wiki/Share_dividend
mw-redirect
Share dividend

value:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.splitpredicting.com

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.stocksplits.net/splits.htm

value:
nofollow
external text
http://biz.yahoo.com/c/s.html

value:
nofollow
external text
http://getsplithistory.com

value: Template talk:Financial markets navigation

value: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value: Category:Articles needing additional references from November 2007

value: Category:All articles needing additional references

value: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

value: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2017

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value:
/wiki/Stock_split
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

value: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

value: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

value: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

value: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

value: Permanent link to this revision of the page

value: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

value: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

value: تجزئة السهم – Arabic

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

value: تجزیه سهام – Persian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

value: הון מניות – Hebrew

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

value: Поделба на акции – Macedonian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mk
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

value: Дробление акций – Russian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

value: Спліт акцій – Ukrainian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

value: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Stock_split rootpage-Stock_split skin-vector action-view


text:
Sandstone
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the geological rock type. For other uses, see Sandstone (disambiguation).
This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Sandstone
Sedimentary rock
Cut slab of sandstone showing Liesegang banding
Composition
Typically quartz and feldspar; lithic fragments are also common. Other minerals may be found in particularly mature sandstone.
Devonian Sandstone at Suur Taevaskoda, Põlva County, Estonia
Alcove in the Navajo Sandstone
Kokh-type tombs cut into the multicoloured sandstone of Petra, Jordan
Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) mineral particles or rock fragments.
Most sandstone is composed of quartz or feldspar because they are the most resistant minerals to weathering processes at the Earth's surface, as seen in Bowen's reaction series. Like uncemented sand, sandstone may be any color due to impurities within the minerals, but the most common colors are tan, brown, yellow, red, grey, pink, white, and black. Since sandstone beds often form highly visible cliffs and other topographic features, certain colors of sandstone have been strongly identified with certain regions.
Rock formations that are primarily composed of sandstone usually allow the percolation of water and other fluids and are porous enough to store large quantities, making them valuable aquifers and petroleum reservoirs. Fine-grained aquifers, such as sandstones, are better able to filter out pollutants from the surface than are rocks with cracks and crevices, such as limestone or other rocks fractured by seismic activity.
Quartz-bearing sandstone can be converted into quartzite through metamorphism, usually related to tectonic compression within orogenic belts.
Contents
[hide]
1 Origins
2 Components
2.1 Framework grains
2.2 Matrix
2.3 Cement
2.4 Pore space
3 Types of sandstone
3.1 Dott's classification scheme
4 Uses
5 See also
6 Notes
7 Bibliography
8 Further reading
Origins[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Sand from Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park, Utah. These are grains of quartz with a hematite coating providing the orange colour. Scale bar is 1.0 mm.
Sandstones are clastic in origin (as opposed to either organic, like chalk and coal, or chemical, like gypsum and jasper).[1] They are formed from cemented grains that may either be fragments of a pre-existing rock or be mono-minerallic crystals. The cements binding these grains together are typically calcite, clays, and silica. Grain sizes in sands are defined (in geology) within the range of 0.0625 mm to 2 mm (0.002–0.079 inches). Clays and sediments with smaller grain sizes not visible with the naked eye, including siltstones and shales, are typically called argillaceous sediments; rocks with larger grain sizes, including breccias and conglomerates, are termed rudaceous sediments.
Red sandstone interior of Lower Antelope Canyon, Arizona, worn smooth by erosion from flash flooding over thousands of years.
The formation of sandstone involves two principal stages. First, a layer or layers of sand accumulates as the result of sedimentation, either from water (as in a stream, lake, or sea) or from air (as in a desert). Typically, sedimentation occurs by the sand settling out from suspension; i.e., ceasing to be rolled or bounced along the bottom of a body of water or ground surface (e.g., in a desert or erg). Finally, once it has accumulated, the sand becomes sandstone when it is compacted by the pressure of overlying deposits and cemented by the precipitation of minerals within the pore spaces between sand grains.
The most common cementing materials are silica and calcium carbonate, which are often derived either from dissolution or from alteration of the sand after it was buried. Colours will usually be tan or yellow (from a blend of the clear quartz with the dark amber feldspar content of the sand). A predominant additional colourant in the southwestern United States is iron oxide, which imparts reddish tints ranging from pink to dark red (terracotta), with additional manganese imparting a purplish hue. Red sandstones are also seen in the Southwest and West of Britain, as well as central Europe and Mongolia. The regularity of the latter favours use as a source for masonry, either as a primary building material or as a facing stone, over other construction.
The environment where it is deposited is crucial in determining the characteristics of the resulting sandstone, which, in finer detail, include its grain size, sorting, and composition and, in more general detail, include the rock geometry and sedimentary structures. Principal environments of deposition may be split between terrestrial and marine, as illustrated by the following broad groupings:
Terrestrial environments
Rivers (levees, point bars, channel sands)
Alluvial fans
Glacial outwash
Lakes
Deserts (sand dunes and ergs)
Marine environments
Deltas
Beach and shoreface sands
Tidal flats
Offshore bars and sand waves
Storm deposits (tempestites)
Turbidites (submarine channels and fans)
Components[edit]
Framework grains[edit]
Paradise Quarry, Sydney, Australia
Grus sand and granitoid that it's derived from
Framework grains are sand-sized (0.0625-to-2-millimetre (0.00246 to 0.07874 in) diameter) detrital fragments that make up the bulk of a sandstone.[2][3] These grains can be classified into several different categories based on their mineral composition:
Quartz framework grains are the dominant minerals in most clastic sedimentary rocks; this is because they have exceptional physical properties, such as hardness and chemical stability.[4] These physical properties allow the quartz grains to survive multiple recycling events, while also allowing the grains to display some degree of rounding.[4] Quartz grains evolve from plutonic rock, which are felsic in origin and also from older sandstones that have been recycled.
Feldspathic framework grains are commonly the second most abundant mineral in sandstones.[4] Feldspar can be divided into two smaller subdivisions: alkali feldspars and plagioclase feldspars. The different types of feldspar can be distinguished under a petrographic microscope.[4] Below is a description of the different types of feldspar.
Alkali feldspar is a group of minerals in which the chemical composition of the mineral can range from KAlSi3O8 to NaAlSi3O8, this represents a complete solid solution.[4]
Plagioclase feldspar is a complex group of solid solution minerals that range in composition from NaAlSi3O8 to CaAl2Si2O8.[4]
Photomicrograph of a volcanic sand grain; upper picture is plane-polarised light, bottom picture is cross-polarised light, scale box at left-centre is 0.25 millimetre. This type of grain would be a main component of a lithic sandstone.
Lithic framework grains are pieces of ancient source rock that have yet to weather away to individual mineral grains, called lithic fragments or clasts.[4] Lithic fragments can be any fine-grained or coarse-grained igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary rock,[4] although the most common lithic fragments found in sedimentary rocks are clasts of volcanic rocks.[4]
Accessory minerals are all other mineral grains in a sandstone; commonly these minerals make up just a small percentage of the grains in a sandstone. Common accessory minerals include micas (muscovite and biotite), olivine, pyroxene, and corundum.[4][5] Many of these accessory grains are more dense than the silicates that make up the bulk of the rock. These heavy minerals are commonly resistant to weathering and can be used as an indicator of sandstone maturity through the ZTR index.[6] Common heavy minerals include zircon, tourmaline, rutile (hence ZTR), garnet, magnetite, or other dense, resistant minerals derived from the source rock.
Matrix[edit]
Matrix is very fine material, which is present within interstitial pore space between the framework grains.[4] The interstitial pore space can be classified into two varieties. One is to call the sandstone an arenite, and the other is to call it a wacke. Below is a definition of the differences between the two matrices:
Arenites are texturally clean sandstones that are free of or have very little matrix.[5]
Wackes are texturally dirty sandstones that have a significant amount of matrix.[3]
Cement[edit]
Cement is what binds the siliciclastic framework grains together. Cement is a secondary mineral that forms after deposition and during burial of the sandstone.[4] These cementing materials may be either silicate minerals or non-silicate minerals, such as calcite.[4]
Silica cement can consist of either quartz or opal minerals. Quartz is the most common silicate mineral that acts as cement. In sandstone where there is silica cement present, the quartz grains are attached to cement, which creates a rim around the quartz grain called overgrowth. The overgrowth retains the same crystallographic continuity of quartz framework grain that is being cemented. Opal cement is found in sandstones that are rich in volcanogenic materials, and very rarely is in other sandstones.[4]
Calcite cement is the most common carbonate cement. Calcite cement is an assortment of smaller calcite crystals. The cement adheres itself to the framework grains, this adhesion is what causes the framework grains to be adhered together.[4]
Other minerals that act as cements include: hematite, limonite, feldspars, anhydrite, gypsum, barite, clay minerals, and zeolite minerals.[4]
Pore space[edit]
Pore space includes the open spaces within a rock or a soil.[7] The pore space in a rock has a direct relationship to the porosity and permeability of the rock. The porosity and permeability are directly influenced by the way the sand grains are packed together.[4]
Porosity is the percentage of bulk volume that is inhabited by interstices within a given rock.[7] Porosity is directly influenced by the packing of even-sized spherical grains, rearranged from loosely packed to tightest packed in sandstones.[4]
Permeability is the rate in which water or other fluids flow through the rock. For groundwater, work permeability may be measured in gallons per day through a one square foot cross section under a unit hydraulic gradient.[7]
Types of sandstone[edit]
Schematic QFL diagram showing tectonic provinces
Cross-bedding and scour in sandstone of the Logan Formation (Lower Carboniferous) of Jackson County, Ohio
All sandstones are composed of the same general minerals. These minerals make up the framework components of the sandstones. Such components are quartz, feldspars,[8] and lithic fragments. Matrix may also be present in the interstitial spaces between the framework grains.[4] Below is a list of several major groups of sandstones. These groups are divided based on mineralogy and texture. Even though sandstones have very simple compositions which are based on framework grains, geologists have not been able to agree on a specific, right way, to classify sandstones.[4] Sandstone classifications are typically done by point-counting a thin section using a method like the Gazzi-Dickinson Method. The composition of a sandstone can have important information regarding the genesis of the sediment when used with a triangular Quartz, Feldspar, Lithic fragment (QFL diagrams). Many geologists, however, do not agree on how to separate the triangle parts into the single components so that the framework grains can be plotted.[4] Therefore, there have been many published ways to classify sandstones, all of which are similar in their general format.
Visual aids are diagrams that allow geologists to interpret different characteristics about a sandstone. The following QFL chart and the sandstone provenance model correspond with each other therefore, when the QFL chart is plotted those points can then be plotted on the sandstone provenance model. The stage of textural maturity chart illustrates the different stages that a sandstone goes through.
A QFL chart is a representation of the framework grains and matrix that is present in a sandstone. This chart is similar to those used in igneous petrology. When plotted correctly, this model of analysis creates for a meaningful quantitative classification of sandstones.[9]
A sandstone provenance chart allows geologists to visually interpret the different types of places from which sandstones can originate.
A stage of textural maturity is a chart that shows the different stages of sandstones. This chart shows the difference between immature, submature, mature, and supermature sandstones. As the sandstone becomes more mature, grains become more rounded, and there is less clay in the matrix of the rock.[4]
Dott's classification scheme[edit]
Dott's (1964) sandstone classification scheme is one of many such schemes used by geologists for classifying sandstones. Dott's scheme is a modification of Gilbert's classification of silicate sandstones, and it incorporates R.L. Folk's dual textural and compositional maturity concepts into one classification system.[10] The philosophy behind combining Gilbert's and R. L. Folk's schemes is that it is better able to "portray the continuous nature of textural variation from mudstone to arenite and from stable to unstable grain composition".[10] Dott's classification scheme is based on the mineralogy of framework grains, and on the type of matrix present in between the framework grains.
In this specific classification scheme, Dott has set the boundary between arenite and wackes at 15% matrix. In addition, Dott also breaks up the different types of framework grains that can be present in a sandstone into three major categories: quartz, feldspar, and lithic grains.[4]
Arenites are types of sandstone that have less than 15% clay matrix in between the framework grains.
Quartz arenites are sandstones that contain more than 90% of siliceous grains. Grains can include quartz or chert rock fragments.[4] Quartz arenites are texturally mature to supermature sandstones. These pure quartz sands result from extensive weathering that occurred before and during transport. This weathering removed everything but quartz grains, the most stable mineral. They are commonly affiliated with rocks that are deposited in a stable cratonic environment, such as aeolian beaches or shelf environments.[4] Quartz arenites emanate from multiple recycling of quarts grains, generally as sedimentary source rocks and less regularly as first-cycle deposits derived from primary igneous or metamorphic rocks.[4]
Feldspathic arenites are sandstones that contain less than 90% quartz, and more feldspar than unstable lithic fragments, and minor accessory minerals.[4] Feldspathic sandstones are commonly immature or sub-mature.[4] These sandstones occur in association with cratonic or stable shelf settings.[4] Feldspathic sandstones are derived from granitic-type, primary crystalline, rocks.[4] If the sandstone is dominantly plagioclase, then it is igneous in origin.[4]
Lithic arenites are characterised by generally high content of unstable lithic fragments. Examples include volcanic and metamorphic clasts, though stable clasts such as chert are common in lithic arenites.[4] This type of rock contains less than 90% quartz grains and more unstable rock fragments than feldspars.[4] They are commonly immature to submature texturally.[4] They are associated with fluvial conglomerates and other fluvial deposits, or in deeper water marine conglomerates.[4] They are formed under conditions that produce large volumes of unstable material, derived from fine-grained rocks, mostly shales, volcanic rocks, and metamorphic rock.[4]
Wackes are sandstones that contain more than 15% clay matrix between framework grains.
Quartz wackes are uncommon because quartz arenites are texturally mature to supermature.[4]
Felspathic wackes are feldspathic sandstone that contain a matrix that is greater than 15%.[4]
Lithic wacke is a sandstone in which the matrix greater than 15%.[4]
Arkose sandstones are more than 25 percent feldspar.[1] The grains tend to be poorly rounded and less well sorted than those of pure quartz sandstones. These feldspar-rich sandstones come from rapidly eroding granitic and metamorphic terrains where chemical weathering is subordinate to physical weathering.
Greywacke sandstones are a heterogeneous mixture of lithic fragments and angular grains of quartz and feldspar or grains surrounded by a fine-grained clay matrix. Much of this matrix is formed by relatively soft fragments, such as shale and some volcanic rocks, that are chemically altered and physically compacted after deep burial of the sandstone formation.
Uses[edit]
The Main Quadrangle of the University of Sydney, a so-called sandstone university
17,000 yr old sandstone oil lamp discovered at the caves of Lascaux, France
Sandstone statue Maria Immaculata by Fidelis Sporer, around 1770, in Freiburg, Germany
Sandstone is highly absorbent. These are sandstone beverage coasters.
Sandstone has been used for domestic construction and housewares since prehistoric times, and continues to be used.
Sandstone was a popular building material from ancient times. It is relatively soft, making it easy to carve. It has been widely used around the world in constructing temples, homes, and other buildings.[11] It has also been used for artistic purposes to create ornamental fountains and statues.
Some sandstones are resistant to weathering, yet are easy to work. This makes sandstone a common building and paving material including in asphalt concrete. However, some that have been used in the past, such as the Collyhurst sandstone used in North West England, have been found less resistant, necessitating repair and replacement in older buildings.[12] Because of the hardness of individual grains, uniformity of grain size and friability of their structure, some types of sandstone are excellent materials from which to make grindstones, for sharpening blades and other implements. Non-friable sandstone can be used to make grindstones for grinding grain, e.g., gritstone.
A type of pure quartz sandstone, the orthoquartzite, with more of 90–95 percent of quartz,[13] has been proposed for nomination to the Global Heritage Stone Resource.[14] In some regions of Argentina, the orthoquartzite-stoned facade is one of the main features of the Mar del Plata style bungalows.[14]
See also[edit]
Geology portal
Dimension stone
List of sandstones
Kurkar
Sedimentary basins
Sydney sandstone
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "A Basic Sedimentary Rock Classification", L.S. Fichter, Department of Geology/Environmental Science, James Madison University (JMU), Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 2000, JMU-sed-classif (accessed: March 2009): separates clastic, chemical & biochemical (organic).
Jump up ^ Dorrik A. V. Stow (2005). Sedimentary Rocks in the Field: A Colour Guide. Manson Publishing. ISBN 978-1-874545-69-9. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Francis John Pettijohn; Paul Edwin Potter; Raymond Siever (1987). Sand and Sandstone. Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-96350-1. Retrieved 11 May 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am Boggs, J.R., 2000, Principles of sedimentology and stratigraphy, 3rd ed. Toronto: Merril Publishing Company. ISBN 0-13-099696-3
^ Jump up to: a b Prothero, D. (2004). Sedimentary Geology. New York, NN: W.H. Freeman and Company
Jump up ^ Prothero, D. R. and Schwab, F., 1996, Sedimentary Geology, p. 460, ISBN 0-7167-2726-9
^ Jump up to: a b c Jackson, J. (1997). Glossary of Geology. Alexandria, VA: American Geological Institute ISBN 3-540-27951-2
Jump up ^ "Sandstone: Sedimentary Rock - Pictures, Definition & More". geology.com. Retrieved 2017-08-11.
Jump up ^ Carozzi, A. (1993). Sedimentary petrography. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall ISBN 0-13-799438-9
^ Jump up to: a b Robert H. Dott (1964). "Wacke, greywacke and matrix; what approach to immature sandstone classification?". SEPM Journal of Sedimentary Research. 34 (3): 625–32. doi:10.1306/74D71109-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D.
Jump up ^ "Sandstone: Characteristics, Uses And Problems". www.gsa.gov. Retrieved 2017-08-11.
Jump up ^ Edensor, T. & Drew, I. Building stone in the City of Manchester: St Ann's Church. Sci-eng.mmu.ac.uk. Retrieved on 2012-05-11.
Jump up ^ "Definition of orthoquartzite – mindat.org glossary". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 2015-12-13.
^ Jump up to: a b Cravero, Fernanda et alia (8 July 2014). "'Piedra Mar del Plata': An Argentine orthoquartzite worthy of being considered as a 'Global Heritage Stone Resource'" (PDF). Geological Society, London. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 April 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
Bibliography[edit]
Folk, R.L., 1965, Petrology of sedimentary rocks PDF version. Austin: Hemphill’s Bookstore. 2nd ed. 1981, ISBN 0-914696-14-9.
Pettijohn F. J., P.E. Potter and R. Siever, 1987, Sand and sandstone, 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0-387-96350-2.
Scholle, P.A., 1978, A Color illustrated guide to constituents, textures, cements, and porosities of sandstones and associated rocks, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir no. 28. ISBN 0-89181-304-7.
Scholle, P.A., and D. Spearing, 1982, Sandstone depositional environments: clastic terrigenous sediments , American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir no. 31. ISBN 0-89181-307-1.
USGS Minerals Yearbook: Stone, Dimension, Thomas P. Dolley, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 2005 (format: PDF).
Further reading[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sandstone.
Webb, Jonathan. Sandstone shapes 'forged by gravity' (July 2014), BBC
[hide]
v
t
e
Stonemasonry
Types
Ashlar
Rustication
Carving
Dry stone
Letter cutting
Masonry
Monumental
Rubble
Sculpture
Slipform
Materials
List of stone
Artificial stone
Brick
Cast stone
Decorative stones
Dimension stone
Fieldstone
Flagstone
Gabion
Granite
Marble
Mortar
Sandstone
Slate
Tools
Angle grinder
Bush hammer
Ceramic tile cutter
Chisel
Diamond blade
Lewis (lifting appliance)
Non-explosive demolition agents
Plug and feather
Stonemason's hammer
Straightedge
Techniques
Brickwork
Flaming
Flushwork
Knapping
Polygonal masonry
Repointing
Scabbling
Tuckpointing
Products
Hardstone carving
Headstone (Footstone)
Mosaic
Sculpture
Stone wall
Organizations
International Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers
Master of Work to the Crown of Scotland
Mason Contractors Association of America
Operative Plasterers' and Cement Masons' International Association
Worshipful Company of Masons
Authority control
GND: 4127360-6
NDL: 00569937
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sandstone&oldid=837610513"
Categories:
Sedimentary rocks
Stone
Building stone
Sandstone
Industrial minerals
Hidden categories:
Articles lacking in-text citations from December 2014
All articles lacking in-text citations
Articles needing additional references from May 2014
All articles needing additional references
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Afrikaans
العربية
Aragonés
Asturianu
Беларуская
Български
Boarisch
Català
Čeština
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Gaeilge
Gàidhlig
Galego
한국어
Հայերեն
हिन्दी
Hrvatski
Ido
Bahasa Indonesia
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
ქართული
Кыргызча
Latviešu
Lëtzebuergesch
Lietuvių
Limburgs
Magyar
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Occitan
Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча
پنجابی
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Scots
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
தமிழ்
ไทย
ತುಳು
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Việt
Võro
中文
57 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 21 April 2018, at 22:19.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

value: mw-page-base noprint

value: mw-head-base noprint

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attr: href class title

value:
/wiki/Sandstone_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Sandstone (disambiguation)

attr: role class

value:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check

value: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes

attr: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value:
/wiki/Kokh_(tomb)
mw-redirect
Kokh (tomb)

value:
/wiki/Clastic_sedimentary_rock
mw-redirect
Clastic sedimentary rock

value:
/wiki/Orogenic_belts
mw-redirect
Orogenic belts

value: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

value: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

value:
/wiki/Particle_size_(grain_size)
mw-redirect
Particle size (grain size)

value:
/wiki/Glacial_outwash
mw-redirect
Glacial outwash

value:
/wiki/Plagioclase_feldspar
mw-redirect
Plagioclase feldspar

value:
/wiki/Hydraulic_gradient
mw-redirect
Hydraulic gradient

value:
/wiki/Lower_Carboniferous
mw-redirect
Lower Carboniferous

value:
/wiki/Gazzi-Dickinson_Method
mw-redirect
Gazzi-Dickinson Method

value:
/wiki/QFL_diagrams
mw-redirect
QFL diagrams

value: Edit section: Dott's classification scheme

value:
/wiki/Chemical_weathering
mw-redirect
Chemical weathering

value:
/wiki/Physical_weathering
mw-redirect
Physical weathering

value:
/wiki/Lithic_Fragment_(geology)
mw-redirect
Lithic Fragment (geology)

value:
/wiki/Clay_mineral
mw-redirect
Clay mineral

value: A panoramic photograph of the Quadrangle

value:
/wiki/Pavement_(material)
mw-redirect
Pavement (material)

value:
/wiki/Collyhurst_sandstone
mw-redirect
Collyhurst sandstone

value:
/wiki/Grindstone_(tool)
mw-redirect
Grindstone (tool)

value: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

value: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

value: -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-width: 35em; column-width: 35em; list-style-type: decimal;

value: Mason Contractors Association of America

value: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value: navigation navbox Stonemasonry padding:3px

value:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/4127360-6

value: Category:Articles lacking in-text citations from December 2014

value: Category:All articles lacking in-text citations

value: Category:Articles needing additional references from May 2014

value: Category:All articles needing additional references

value: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value:
/wiki/Sandstone
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

value: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

value: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

value: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

value: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

value: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

value: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

value:
https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandsteen
Sandsteen – Afrikaans
af
af
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-af
display: none;

value: حجر رملي – Arabic

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-an
display: none;

value:
https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gres
Gres – Asturian
ast
ast
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ast
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be
display: none;

value: Пясъчник – Bulgarian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

value:
https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandstoa
Sandstoa – Bavarian
bar
bar
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bar
display: none;

value:
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gres
Gres – Catalan
ca
ca
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

value:
https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tywodfaen
Tywodfaen – Welsh
cy
cy
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cy
display: none;

value:
https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandsten
Sandsten – Danish
da
da
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

value:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandstein
Sandstein – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-de
display: none;

value:
https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liivakivi
Liivakivi – Estonian
et
et
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

value: Ψαμμίτης – Greek

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

value:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arenisca
Arenisca – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

value:
https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grejso
Grejso – Esperanto
eo
eo
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

value:
https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hareharri
Hareharri – Basque
eu
eu
interlanguage-link-target

value: ماسه‌سنگ – Persian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ga
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gd
display: none;

value:
https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arenita
Arenita – Galician
gl
gl
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

value: Ավազաքար – Armenian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

value: बलुआ पत्थर – Hindi

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

value:
https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greso
Greso – Ido
io
io
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-io
display: none;

value:
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batupasir
Batupasir – Indonesian
id
id
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-is
display: none;

value:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arenaria
Arenaria – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

value: אבן חול – Hebrew

value: ქვიშაქვა – Georgian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ka
display: none;

value: Кумдук – Kyrgyz

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ky
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lv
display: none;

value:
https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandsteen
Sandsteen – Luxembourgish
lb
lb
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lb
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-li
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

value:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zandsteen
Zandsteen – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
display: none;

value:
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandstein
Sandstein – Norwegian
no
no
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

value:
https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandstein
Sandstein – Norwegian Nynorsk
nn
nn
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nn
display: none;

value:
https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gres
Gres – Occitan
oc
oc
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-oc
display: none;

value:
https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qumtosh
Qumtosh – Uzbek
uz
uz
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uz
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb
display: none;

value:
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arenito
Arenito – Portuguese
pt
pt
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

value: Песчаник – Russian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sco
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

value:
https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieskovec
Pieskovec – Slovak
sk
sk
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sk
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
display: none;

value: Пешчар – Serbian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

value:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandsten
Sandsten – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

value: மணற்கல் – Tamil

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta
display: none;

value: หินทราย – Thai

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

value: ಪೊಯ್ಯೆದ ಕಲ್ಲ್ – Tulu

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

value: Пісковик – Ukrainian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro
display: none;

value: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

value: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

value:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Sandstone rootpage-Sandstone skin-vector action-view


text:
Landscape with the Fall of Icarus
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the Bruegel painting. For the poem by William Carlos Williams, see Landscape with the Fall of Icarus (poem). For other uses, see The Fall of Icarus (disambiguation).
Landscape with the Fall of Icarus, Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, now seen as a good early copy of Bruegel's original
Landscape with the Fall of Icarus is a painting in oil on canvas measuring 73.5 by 112 centimetres (28.9 in × 44.1 in) in the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium in Brussels. It was long thought to be by the leading painter of Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting, Pieter Bruegel the Elder. However, following technical examinations in 1996 of the painting hanging in the Brussels museum that attribution is regarded as very doubtful, and the painting, perhaps painted in the 1560s, is now usually seen as a good early copy by an unknown artist of Bruegel's lost original, perhaps from about 1558. According to the museum: "It is doubtful the execution is by Breugel the Elder, but the composition can be said with certainty to be his",[1][2] although recent technical research has re-opened the question.
Largely derived from Ovid, the painting is described in W. H. Auden's famous poem "Musée des Beaux-Arts", named after the museum in Brussels which holds the painting, and became the subject of a poem of the same name by William Carlos Williams, as well as "Lines on Bruegel's 'Icarus'" by Michael Hamburger.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Description
2 Attribution
2.1 Scientific tests
3 Mentions in other media
4 References
5 Further reading
6 External links
Description[edit]
Landscape with The Fall of Icarus, ca. 1590–95, oil on wood (63 by 90 centimetres (25 in × 35 in)), Circle of P. Bruegel the Elder, Museum van Buuren, Brussels, Belgium
In Greek mythology, Icarus succeeded in flying, with wings made by his father Daedalus, using feathers secured with bees wax. Ignoring his father's warnings, Icarus chose to fly too close to the sun, melting the wax, and fell into the sea and drowned. His legs can be seen in the water just below the ship. The sun, already half-set on the horizon, is a long way away; the flight did not reach anywhere near it. Daedalus does not appear in this version of the painting, though he does, still flying, in the van Buuren one (see below).
The ploughman, shepherd and angler are mentioned in Ovid's account of the legend; they are: "astonished and think to see gods approaching them through the aether",[4] which is not entirely the impression given in the painting. The shepherd gazing into the air, away from the ship, may be explained by another version of the composition (see below); in the original work there was probably also a figure of Daedalus in the sky to the left, at which he stares. There is also a Flemish proverb (of the sort imaged in other works by Bruegel): "And the farmer continued to plough..." (En de boer ... hij ploegde voort") pointing out the ignorance of people to fellow men's suffering.[5] The painting may, as Auden's poem suggests, depict humankind's indifference to suffering by highlighting the ordinary events which continue to occur, despite the unobserved death of Icarus.
Though the world landscape, a type of work with the title subject represented by small figures in the distance, was an established type in Early Netherlandish painting, pioneered by Joachim Patiner, to have a much larger unrelated "genre" figure in the foreground is original and represents something of a blow against the emerging hierarchy of genres. Other landscapes by Bruegel, for example The Hunters in the Snow (1565) and others in that series of paintings showing the seasons, show genre figures in a raised foreground, but not so large relative to the size of the image, nor with a subject from a "higher" class of painting in the background.
However, paintings from the same period by the Antwerp artist Pieter Aertsen had large kitchen or market genre scenes, with large figures in the foreground, and in the distant background a glimpse of a scene from the Life of Christ. Giving more prominence to "low" subject-matter than "high" in the same work is a feature of some Northern Mannerist art, often called "Mannerist inversion". The traditional moral of the Icarus story, warning against excessive ambition, is reinforced by (literally) fore-grounding humbler figures who appear content to fill useful agricultural roles in life.[6]
Attribution[edit]
Icarus and the angler
The painting is probably a version of a lost original by Bruegel. A date of c. 1558 has been suggested for the lost original, based on Bruegel's other works;[4] the copy probably comes from the 1560s or soon after. It is in oils whereas Bruegel's other paintings on canvas are in tempera.[7]
The work was unknown until it was bought by the museum in 1912; subsequently another version on panel, generally considered inferior, turned up, which was acquired in 1953 by Daniel van Buuren for his private house, today a museum in Brussels.[8] In this, which excludes the far left and right sides of the composition, Icarus is in the water but Daedelus is still in the air, and the shepherd's gaze is directed at him, explaining one aspect of the composition of the other version. The original would have been Bruegel's only known painting of a mythological subject. The perspective of the ship and figures is not entirely consistent, although this may enhance the power of the composition. Bruegel also produced a design for an engraving with the ship and the two falling figures.[4]
Since its acquisition by the Museum in 1912, its authenticity has been challenged by several specialists, mainly for two reasons: (i) the relatively weak quality of the painting compared to other Bruegels, although this question is complicated by later overpainting; (ii) it is an oil painting on canvas, an exception in the work of Peter Bruegel the Elder who made all his oil paintings on panel.
In 1963, Philippe Roberts-Jones, curator at the museum, and the Bruegel specialist Georges Marlier, hypothesized that an original panel painting had been later moved onto canvas, as was once common.
Scientific tests[edit]
In 1998, a mixed team of scientists from the Belgian Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage and the University of Utrecht[7] attempted to solve the authenticity problem by a radiocarbon dating of the canvas that was supposed to be the original support. As mentioned here above, the conclusion of this dating was that P. Bruegel the Elder cannot have painted on this canvas. Later, in 2006, Prof. J. Reisse (Université libre de Bruxelles) challenged this dating on technical grounds.[9]
The upturned face in the bushes
A sample of blue paint taken from the right edge in 1973 was re-examined by performing analysis such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), which in connection with optical microscopy revealed the following structure and composition. From bottom to top:
Canvas (from transposition);
Oily lead white (adhesive);
Thick oily layer with azurite (repaint);
Chalk ground;
Oily lead white with scarce particles of charcoal;
Oily blue with azurite;
with layers 4 to 6 being original.
The presence of chalk ground under the original blue proves that this is a panel painting transposed on a canvas. The original blue layer is lead white with azurite containing a few grains of ochre and charcoal. These structure and composition match perfectly those found on other certified panels of Peter Bruegel. Moreover, it is noticeable that the wood charcoal particles are very peculiar, being very long and acicular, exactly the same as those found only in The Census from the same Museum.[10]
This related work by Joos de Momper includes the ploughman and angler, but Icarus is still in flight, with wax drops falling.
Recently, a study of the underdrawing using infrared reflectography has been published.[11] Reflectography is based on the fact that the infrared light penetrates all colors except black. As a result, the drawing, mostly black can be made visible. The interpretation of these reflectograms is of course more subjective, but in a global way, the drawing from the Fall of Icarus is not really different from other certified works from Peter Bruegel the Elder. This drawing is generally limited to a layout of the elements. Probably because the thin, weakly covering paint on white ground would hide imperfectly a detailed graphism.
A re-interpretation of the reflectograms in agreement with the other analysis suggested the conclusion that the work in the Museum of Fine Arts in Brussels is a panel painting transferred to canvas. The paint layer and maybe also the underdrawing have been severely damaged by this intervention as well as by two more relinings, responsible for the heavy overpainting. In the paint sample remains a fragment with structure and composition matching perfectly the technique of the large panels attributed to Peter Bruegel the Elder. It is therefore unlikely that this version of the Fall of Icarus might be from the hand of a copyist, except perhaps from P. Bruegel the Younger. Conversely, the Van Buuren copy with a different technique cannot be attributed to either Peter Bruegel.
Mentions in other media[edit]
The painting is shown in Nicolas Roeg's film The Man Who Fell to Earth (1976), where a character opens a book of paintings to an image of it. On the facing page a description points out that the scene remains calm, the event of the fall hardly noticed.
Eric Steele, whose film The Bridge (2006) documents the suicides of two-dozen people who jumped off the world's most popular suicide site - the Golden Gate Bridge - throughout 2004, has compared images captured in his documentary to those of Bruegel’s Landscape With the Fall of Icarus, because the fatal leaps go almost unnoticed by passersby.[12]
Composer Brian Ferneyhough's 1988 chamber work La Chute d'Icare was inspired by the painting:
What this piece attempts to suggest is ... less a reflection on the heroic-tragic dimension of the underlying myth than a transcription of the strange sensation of “already having been” which is brilliantly evoked by Breughel in the view of a world serenely pursuing its own concerns, completely oblivious to the almost invisible tiny pair of legs waving pathetically out of the water, the only record of the apocalyptic event being a pair of feathers floating disconsolately down in the wake of their erstwhile owner.[13]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Says the Museum: "On doute que l'exécution soit de Pieter I Bruegel mais la conception lui est par contre attribuée avec certitude", Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium. "Description détaillée" (in French). Archived from the original on 27 March 2012. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
Jump up ^ de Vries, Lyckle (2003). "Bruegel's "Fall of Icarus": Ovid or Solomon?". Simiolus: Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art. Stichting voor Nederlandse Kunsthistorische Publicaties. 30 (1/2): 4–18. doi:10.2307/3780948. JSTOR 3780948.
Jump up ^ Rico, 19 (gives text)
^ Jump up to: a b c Hagen, Rose-Marie; Hagen, Rainer (2001). Bruegel, The Complete Paintings. Midpoint Press. p. 60. ISBN 3-8228-1531-4.
Jump up ^ Hunt, Patrick. "Ekphrasis or Not? Ovid (Met. 8.183-235 ) in Pieter Bruegel the Elder's Landscape with the Fall of Icarus". Archived from the original on 2009-07-10.
Jump up ^ Hagen, Rose-Marie and Rainer; What Great Paintings Say, vol 1, 265, 2005, 2 vols, Taschen, ISBN 9783822847909
^ Jump up to: a b Van Strydonck, Mark J. Y.; Masschelein-Kleiner, Liliane; Alderliesten, Cees; de Jong, Arie F. M. (1998). "Radiocarbon Dating of Canvas Paintings: Two Case Studies". Studies in Conservation. International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works. 43 (4): 209–214. doi:10.2307/1506730. JSTOR 1506730.
Jump up ^ de Vries:4
Jump up ^ Roberts-Jones, Ph.; Reisse, J.; Roberts-Jones-Popelier, F. (2006). La chute d'Icare: mise au point et controverse. Bull. Académie Royale de Belgique. 1–6.
Jump up ^ Kockaert, Leopold (2002). Bruegel's Fall of Icarus at the Laboratory. Symposium Brueghel enterprises, Brussels 20–21 June 2002.
Jump up ^ Currie, Christina; Allart, Dominique (2012). The Brueg(H)el Phenomenon. Paintings by Pieter Bruegel the Elder and Pieter Brueghel the Younger with a Special Focus on Technique and Copying Practice. Scientia Artis. Brussels: Institut royal du patrimoine artistique. pp. 844–878. ISBN 978-2-930054-14-8.
Jump up ^ Holden, Stephen (27 October 2006). "NYT Critics' Pick - The Bridge (2006): That Beautiful but Deadly San Francisco Span". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Ferneyhough, Brian. "La Chute d'Icare (program note)" (PDF). Edition Peters. Retrieved 2014-11-13.
Further reading[edit]
de Vries, Lyckle, "Bruegel's "Fall of Icarus": Ovid or Solomon?", Simiolus: Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art, Vol. 30, No. 1/2 (2003), pp. 4–18, Stichting voor Nederlandse Kunsthistorische Publicaties, JSTOR
Kilinski II, Karl (2004). "Bruegel on Icarus. Inversions of the Fall". Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte. 67 (1): 91–114. doi:10.2307/20474239.
External links[edit]
"Online exhibit" on the painting, from the Royal Museums via Google Arts and Culture
Museum & Gardens Van Buuren, home of the 2nd version
[hide]
v
t
e
Pieter Bruegel the Elder
Paintings
The Fight Between Carnival and Lent (1559)
Netherlandish Proverbs (1559)
Children's Games (1560)
Landscape with the Fall of Icarus
The Triumph of Death (c.1562)
The Fall of the Rebel Angels (1562)
The Suicide of Saul (1562)
Dull Gret (1563)
The Tower of Babel (1563)
Landscape with the Flight into Egypt (1563)
The Adoration of the Kings (1564)
The Procession to Calvary (1564)
Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery (1565)
The Gloomy Day (1565)
The Harvesters (1565)
The Hay Harvest (1565)
The Return of the Herd (1565)
The Wine of Saint Martin's Day (c.1565–68)
The Hunters in the Snow (1565)
Massacre of the Innocents (c.1565-67)
The Census at Bethlehem (1566)
The Wedding Dance (1566)
Conversion of Paul (1567)
The Land of Cockaigne (1567)
The Peasant Wedding (1567)
The Peasant Dance (c.1567)
The Beggars (1568)
The Peasant and the Nest Robber (1568)
The Blind Leading the Blind (1568)
The Magpie on the Gallows (1568)
The Misanthrope (1568)
The Storm at Sea (c.1569)
Related
Pieter Brueghel the Younger (son)
Jan Brueghel the Elder (son)
Breugel, Netherlands
Son en Breugel
Bruegel (crater)
9664 Brueghel
Bruegel (institution)
Authority control
GND: 4231128-7
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Landscape_with_the_Fall_of_Icarus&oldid=832919585"
Categories:
Paintings by Pieter Brueghel the Elder
Collections of the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium
Maritime paintings
1550s paintings
Paintings about death
Works based on Metamorphoses
Dogs in art
Horses in art
Sheep in art
Hidden categories:
CS1 French-language sources (fr)
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Brezhoneg
Deutsch
Español
Français
Հայերեն
Italiano
Latina
Nederlands
日本語
Polski
Português
Русский
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
6 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 28 March 2018, at 17:56.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

value: mw-page-base noprint

value: mw-head-base noprint

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

attr: class style

value:
/wiki/Museum_van_Buuren
mw-redirect
Museum van Buuren

value:
/wiki/Joachim_Patiner
mw-redirect
Joachim Patiner

value:
/wiki/Northern_Mannerist
mw-redirect
Northern Mannerist

value:
/wiki/University_of_Utrecht
mw-redirect
University of Utrecht

value:
/wiki/Infrared_reflectography
mw-redirect
Infrared reflectography

value:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.2307%2F3780948

value:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/3780948

value:
/wiki/Patrick_Hunt_(archeologist)
mw-redirect
Patrick Hunt (archeologist)

value:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.2307%2F1506730

value:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/1506730

value:
nofollow
external text
https://www.jstor.org/stable/3780948

value:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.2307%2F20474239

value: List of paintings by Pieter Bruegel the Elder

value: Landscape with the Flight into Egypt (Bruegel)

value: Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery (Bruegel)

value:
navbox-image
2
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

value:
/wiki/9664_Brueghel
mw-redirect
9664 Brueghel

value: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/4231128-7

value: Category:Paintings by Pieter Brueghel the Elder

value: Category:Collections of the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium

value: Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)

value: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value:
/wiki/Landscape_with_the_Fall_of_Icarus
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

value: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

value: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

value: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

value: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

value: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

value: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

value: Permanent link to this revision of the page

value: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

value: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

value: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-br
display: none;

value: Landschaft mit dem Sturz des Ikarus – German

value: Իկարոսի անկումը – Armenian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-la
display: none;

value: イカロスの墜落のある風景 – Japanese

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

value: Paisagem com a Queda de Ícaro – Portuguese

value: Падение Икара – Russian

value: ภูมิทัศน์และอิคารัสปีกหัก – Thai

value: İkarus'un Düşüşü Sırasında Bir Manzara – Turkish

value: Падіння Ікара – Ukrainian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

value: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Landscape_with_the_Fall_of_Icarus rootpage-Landscape_with_the_Fall_of_Icarus skin-vector action-view