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Death of Caroline Byrne
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Death of Caroline Byrne
Date
7 June 1995 (1995-06-07)
Location
The Gap, Watsons Bay, New South Wales, Australia
Coordinates
33°50′38″S 151°17′06″E / 33.843803°S 151.284998°E / -33.843803; 151.284998Coordinates: 33°50′38″S 151°17′06″E / 33.843803°S 151.284998°E / -33.843803; 151.284998
Cause
Death by falling
Deaths
Caroline Byrne
Coroner
John Abernethy
Suspect(s)
Gordon Wood
Charges
Murder
Verdict
Guilty, overturned on appeal
Caroline Byrne (1970–1995), an Australian model, was found at the bottom of a cliff at The Gap in Sydney in the early hours of 8 June 1995. Her then boyfriend Gordon Eric Wood (b 1962), who at the time of her death was chauffeur and personal assistant to successful businessman Rene Rivkin, was convicted of her murder on 21 November 2008 and spent three years in Goulburn jail. He was acquitted of the conviction in February 2012.[1][2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Events of 7 June 1995
2 Media interest
2.1 Offset Alpine speculation
2.2 Peripheral celebrities
3 Inquests, investigation and trials
4 Trial evidence
4.1 Presentation of the Crown case
4.2 Location of the body
4.3 Suicide history
4.4 Presentation of the defence
4.5 Deliberation and verdict
5 Appeal
6 Post-appeal
7 Sources
8 References
Events of 7 June 1995[edit]
The Gap at Watsons Bay, location of Byrne's death.
Born on 8 October 1970,[3] Byrne had been in a relationship with Wood since 1992. She was a model but principally worked as a modelling instructor for Sydney deportment and etiquette educator June Dally-Watkins. On 7 June 1995, she failed to turn up for work and for an appointment with a psychiatrist. There would come to be three claimed sightings of her near The Gap at Watsons Bay that afternoon and evening, in the company of two men, one of whom matched Wood's description. Two of the sightings – at 1 pm and 3 pm – were by local cafe owners, Craig Martin and Lance Melbourne. In 1998 John Doherty an Irish artist who had been out of the country in the intervening years, came forward to say that around 8.30pm that evening he too had sighted Byrne outside his studio window arguing with one man while another man stood nearby.[4]
Wood denied being present at Watsons Bay that afternoon. Evidence was sworn at both inquests by Wood's friends Brett Cochrane and Nic Samartis that they lunched with him briefly around 1:15 pm in Potts Point before he was called away after a call from Rivkin.[5]:206 Wood claimed that he was asked by Rivkin to chauffeur prominent lobbyist and ex-federal minister Graham Richardson to an appointment and then spent the afternoon doing regular chores for Rivkin before going home around 7 pm. The Richardson alibi was compromised by Richardson when he was interviewed by police in 2001, when he advised that he had lunched that day with rugby league identity Peter Moore.[4]
Wood's movements in the afternoon have never been reported prior to the late evening, when Wood said he awoke on his couch having fallen asleep in front of the television and was immediately alarmed that Byrne was still not home. Wood has said he did not know Byrne's whereabouts but was led by what he termed "telepathic communication" to The Gap. He had first driven to the beachfront car-park at Bondi Beach where he and Caroline had spent much time and then to a favourite park at Camp Cove where they had often picnicked. Heading back from Camp Cove he spotted Byrne's white Suzuki Vitara parked in a lane at The Gap. It was when running about the cliff-top and shouting her name that Wood encountered two rock fishermen who verified his appearance around midnight.
Wood then rang Tony Byrne and Caroline's brother Peter. He drove back into Sydney city and collected them and all three then went to the Gap and scoured the cliff-top. Peter Byrne would later give evidence that at about 1am Wood claimed to have spotted her body at the base of the cliff using torchlight. Byrne himself said he could see nothing and nor could the police who arrived soon after with police torches. The night was dark and the cliff misty. Peter Byrne would claim it was difficult to see the rocks below the cliff, let alone a body. The contention whether Wood had claimed he could see something in the darkness would figure in much media speculation over the years and would form a key part of Crown evidence in the 2008 trial. In 2011 the Appeal Court felt that the Crown had presented speculation in this area posing as evidence. This would be one of the grounds resulting in Wood's 2011 appeal being upheld.
The identity of the second man supposedly sighted by Melbourne and Martin with Wood in Watsons Bay earlier in the day has remained unclear. With evidence contradicting the likelihood that the man was either of those whom the police considered in investigation (Caroline's modelling agent Adam Leigh or Rivkin associate Gary Redding) the Crown would choose to pose speculation without evidence on either during the trial and drew criticism from the trial judge and later the appellant judges.
Media interest[edit]
Byrne's death was accepted as a suicide by local Rose Bay Police and others. No photographs were taken of the location of her body's landing point.
In 1996, Caroline's father begin to agitate against the notion of suicide such that from 1997 onwards the case and circumstances of Byrne's death were regularly examined in Australia's national newspapers and reported as "one of Sydney's unsolved crimes". The death of a beautiful model at one of Sydney's notorious suicide spots, the connection to the flamboyant and newsworthy Rivkin, and a net of witnesses and commentators which included some prominent Sydney identities all added to the intrigue of the case.
Offset Alpine speculation[edit]
Attention was particularly heightened by the still unproven speculation of a connection with Rene Rivkin's financial activities. The day before Byrne's death, Wood and Rivkin were interviewed by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission about the Offset Alpine fire of 1993 and the true ownership of share parcels traded in Offset Alpine owned by nominees related to Swiss bank accounts.[5]:203 Tony Byrne would claim that Wood had indicated to his daughter that the fire was a set-up for insurance purposes.
Ultimately in 2001 Rivkin was charged with insider trading (of Qantas shares) and his eventual conviction in 2003 would have a devastating effect on his mental stability, culminating in his 2005 suicide.[6] However the ASIC investigation into share trading in Offset Alpine and the true beneficiaries would prove an epic that outlived Rivkin, commencing in 1995 and continuing from 2005 with a focus shifted to Graham Richardson and Trevor Kennedy until eventually closed without outcome by ASIC in 2010.[7]
Peripheral celebrities[edit]
Adding to this intrigue was a list of celebrities with a peripheral involvement in the case. Byrne's medical doctor who had referred her to the psychiatric appointment she did not keep on 7 June was television celebrity physician, Dr Cindy Pan.[5]:205 Graham Richardson's diarised luncheon appointment that day (which caused him to question whether he may have been chauffeured anywhere by Wood) was with rugby league identity Peter Bullfrog Moore at Sydney's Hilton Hotel and was set up to broker a peace deal in the Super League war which deeply divided Australian rugby league at that time. Wood always claimed that he had driven Moore from a noon meeting with Rivkin to what may well have been a lunch, though the press and (later) the Crown ignored this possibility. Moore died in July 2000 a year prior to the Strikeforce Irondale interview with Richardson, thus preventing corroboration of the luncheon timings and Rivkin too was dead before the trial.[8]
Caroline's close friends included entertainer Tania Zaetta and actress Kylie Watson, a Home and Away cast member. It was the amateur sleuthing around Watsons Bay armed with photographs of Byrne in the weeks after her death which had Dally-Watkins and Watson uncover the Martin/Melbourne sighting lead.[5]:206 Other celebrity witnesses who would figure in the case at some point included businessman John Singleton, journalist Paul Barry and paparazzo Jamie Fawcett.
Inquests, investigation and trials[edit]
Two inquests were held into Byrne's death by New South Wales State coroner John Abernethy, with Wood claiming it was suicide. The second inquest in 1998 delivered an open finding. That same year, Wood left Australia.
Police investigations continued from 2000 onwards as "Strikeforce Irondale" with hundreds of witnesses interviewed and resulting in a brief of evidence running to more than 350 pages. Caroline's father Tony Byrne continued to press for action from the investigation eventually enrolling the assistance of New South Wales politician Fred Nile who raised questions about the investigation in State Parliament up till 2004.[9]
In 2004 scientific reports relating to the physics of a body falling/jumping/being projected from the cliff produced by Professor Rod Cross were the principal elements of new evidence which encouraged the Crown to push for a trial of Gordon Wood.[10] In March 2006 the New South Wales Director of Public Prosecutions Nicholas Cowdery QC agreed with police that there was enough evidence to charge Wood with Byrne's murder.[11] Wood was detained in London in April 2006, extradited to Australia and released on bail by a Sydney court on 4 May. On 6 July 2007, Wood was committed to stand trial for the murder of Byrne.
The first trial started on 21 July 2008 with Mark Tedeschi QC appearing for the Crown and Winston Terracini QC defending Wood. On 6 August 2008, Justice Graham Barr declared a mistrial because of the alleged contact that a member of the jury had with 2GB radio host Jason Morrison. The juror, who remained anonymous, claimed that some of the jurors were planning a secret night visit to the crime scene (the Gap) being organised by a particular juror who was a "bully" and who had "already decided that Wood was guilty." Justice Barr ruled "I had to discharge the jury ... because some jurors disobeyed my instructions and misconducted themselves."[12]
The second trial commenced on 25 August 2008 and for the first time in New South Wales court history a panel of 15 jurors was sworn in instead of the usual 12 to provide some contingency. [12]
Trial evidence[edit]
Presentation of the Crown case[edit]
Following the aborted first trial Tedeschi, as Crown Prosecutor, presented the Crown case over a nine-week period from 26 August until 24 October 2008. Over 70 witnesses were called and the jury heard hours of audio and video evidence including taped interviews with Rivkin and Wood.[13]
Witnesses called by the prosecution included Pan, Richardson, Watson, Zaetta, Singleton, Fawcett, Bob Hagan and sports journalist Phil Rothfield. Tony Byrne, Peter Byrne, Dally-Watkins and her daughter Carol Clifford appeared. Doherty and Cochrane gave evidence via video link up from overseas. Police witnesses included Tracey Smit and Paul Griffiths (officers on scene), Sgt Mark Powderly, Sgt Neville Greatorex (who gave evidence on police procedures), Snr Const Lisa Camwell (who retrieved the body) and the first investigating officer of the case Sgt Craig Woods of Rose Bay who had first dismissed the death as suicide and who gave evidence that in the first weeks Tony Byrne too accepted the suicide verdict and was explicitly against the idea of an inquest. Another ex-policeman to appear was Caroline's former boyfriend Andrew Blanchette. At one stage Justice Barr counselled Blanchette that he ought consider taking legal advice before answering a particular question. Sensationally on his second day in the witness box, Blanchette admitted that early that morning he had phoned another witness – Melinda Medich, his girlfriend and a minor at the time of Byrne's death – before she was due to give evidence later that day. Blanchette was reported to police by Medich who had not heard from him for a number of years. Blanchette denied that he had been attempting to influence her evidence.
Location of the body[edit]
Retired University of Sydney physicist Associate Professor Rod Cross spent two days in the witness box. Over a six-year period Cross had produced six reports on the case - with his initial findings being quite different to the later findings presented in the trial.[10] Although formally qualified in the field of plasma physics, Cross had experience working with biomechanists regarding sports research and had published and refereed many papers on biomechanics;[14] he was therefore proposed by police investigators as a forensic expert in fall dynamics. Between 1998 and 2004 Cross' reports all concluded that Byrne could have jumped to her death, as he was told that Byrne's body had been found at a distance of 9 metres (30 ft) from the cliff.[15] In 2005, when he was recontacted by the police that the position of the body was in fact farther away ((11.8 metres (39 ft)), he conducted experiments which informed his speculation that Byrne could not have jumped that far and must have been thrown.[5]:210[16] The required launch speed, from the top of the 29 metres (95 ft) high cliff, was 4.5 m/s (see range of a projectile[17][18]), and the available runup distance was only 4 metres (13 ft) – although appeal submissions in 2011 called this into question. Cross tested eleven females from the New South Wales Police Academy and found that they could dive and land head first (in a swimming pool) at about 3.5 m/s after a 4 metres (13 ft) runup. A strong male could throw a 61 kilograms (134 lb) female at 4.8 m/s after a runup of only 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) or 3 metres (9.8 ft).
During the trial the Court was told of some uncertainty regarding the actual location where the body was found. Senior Constable Lisa Camwell, one of the officers who retrieved Byrne's body in 1995 gave evidence that she had in 1996 participated in a video re-enactment in which she indicated the body's location. She gave evidence that in 2004 she was contacted by an officer in charge of the murder investigation (Sergeant Powderly) and told that the position of Ms Byrne's body had become a significant issue. She was told that the body position she had indicated on the video now appeared to be incorrect. Media reports during the second trial suggested the location of the body was an essential component to the Crown case that Ms Byrne was not pushed nor jumped, but was forcefully thrown to her death.[19]
Suicide history[edit]
The court heard that Caroline's mother Andrea Byrne had committed suicide in March 1991 after she became depressed following a breast enlargement operation that went wrong.[20] Terracini also read to the court a letter Tony Byrne had previously provided to police in which he claimed that Caroline had made an attempt on her own life via overdose in 1992. In court Byrne denied that Caroline had on that occasion intended to kill herself and instead was making "a cry for help". At another stage of the cross examination, he claimed to suppose that had Caroline wanted to kill herself she would have copied her mother's method rather than jumping from a cliff.[21]
Byrne's doctor, author and television personality Cindy Pan, gave evidence that she had seen Byrne for two years before her death and had specifically discussed Byrne's depression with her in the weeks leading up to her death. Dr Pan told the court Byrne said she had felt depressed for about a month and the condition had worsened in the week leading up to their appointment on 5 June 1995. Pan said the model told her she could not put a finger on what she was unhappy about.
"I was trying to explore with her what she might be depressed about, but she was not really able to identify any one specific thing," Pan told the court. She said Byrne told her she "had the same thing three years ago" and had been put on medication, which had helped. Pan said Byrne denied having thoughts of self-harm and she referred her to a psychiatrist, obtaining an appointment for 4 pm on 7 June.[22]
Presentation of the defence[edit]
One defence witness, Prof John Hilton, a forensic pathologist, was called during the Prosecution case, due to his later unavailability. Otherwise Terracini commenced the defence case on 27 October 2008 calling another physics expert Prof Marcus Pandy, a biomechancial engineer who conducted experiments on running and jumping speeds of two females. Only a handful of defence witnesses were called – two forensic pathologists, one psychiatrist, Prof Pandy, a stunt diver, and Wood's sister Jacqueline Schmidt – and the defence case concluded within a week.
With the trial drawing to a close, the jury made a number of requests of Justice Barr that included a visit the Gap for a third time; for a transcript of Doherty's evidence; and for video footage of Pandy's running experiments.[23]
Deliberation and verdict[edit]
For the first time in New South Wales court history, a ballot was used to select the three jurors who would stand down so that twelve of the sitting fifteen would deliberate to a verdict. After five full days of deliberation on 21 November 2008 they found Wood guilty.[24][25] On 3 December 2008 Wood was sentenced to a custodial sentence of 17 years, with a minimum time in prison of 13 years. Wood lodged an appeal to the conviction.[26]
Appeal[edit]
Wood's appeal hearing commenced on 22 August 2011 in the Criminal Court of Appeal before Chief Judge at Common Law Peter McClellan, Justice Megan Latham, and Justice Stephen Rothman. Wood's barrister Tim Game SC submitted that the jury's verdict was unreasonable and not supported by the evidence. His submission spoke of nine grounds for appeal. One was that the trial miscarried by reason of the prejudice occasioned by the Tedeschi's closing address. Others related to criticisms of Barr's directions to the jury.
Early media reporting of the appeal focused on Game's submission that the scientific evidence used to convict Wood and presented by Associate Professor Cross was flawed. A photograph was presented in the trial and purported to be taken in 1996 showing that scrub near the fenceline had limited Byrne's possible run-up to the jump, supporting an argument that she would have needed to have been thrown to achieve the horizontal distance from the cliff wall that her body travelled. The appeal judges heard and the Crown acknowledged that the photo was in fact taken in 2003 and that photo's quality meant that a shadow might have appeared to be scrub. The appeal judges heard that a 1996 colour photo which showed that there was no scrub limiting the run-up was available to the Crown during the trial but that the Crown had chosen to introduce the blurrier, non-contemporaneous, more ambiguous image.[27]
Game's submission, consistent with so much of the trial evidence, concerned matters relating to the exact positioning of Byrne's body at the base of the rocks and the orientation of her legs and torso and leading to questions regarding the contended launch point and the assumptions and assertions made by Cross in his pre-trial studies and reports and his trial evidence. Day two of Game's submission focused on the police's changed view between 1996 and 2005 as to Byrne's landing spot and specifically trial evidence given by Sergeant Mark Powderly used to justify the reconstruction.[28]
The Criminal Court of Appeal delivered their opinion on 24 February 2012 acquitting Wood of Byrne's murder and ordering his release from jail.[1] The appellate judges delivered a unanimous decision that there was insufficient evidence beyond reasonable doubt that Wood murdered Byrne and that the jury's verdict was not supported. They dismissed the Crown evidence as being critically flawed and ruled that the possibility of her suicide ought not have been excluded.[1][29]
McClennan J. described Cross' experiments as "unsophisticated" and in the summation of his decision said that he was not satisfied by either of the two motives presented by the Crown.[1] Regarding the motive submitted by Tedeschi that Caroline had information about Rivkin's business dealings that Wood was trying to hide, McClennan said "The exploitation of public rumour and the use of mere innuendo to compensate for inadequate evidence of motive is not consistent with the obligations of a prosecutor to press the Crown case "to its legitimate strength" by reliance upon credible evidence".[30] McLennan was also troubled that the notion Caroline may have been unconscious when she left the cliff top was introduced by the Crown late in the case.[31] He described Tedeschi's suggestion, first made in his closing address and mentioned at no other time in evidence, that a "shot-put" action was used to despatch Caroline as "an invention of the prosecutor...for which there was absolutely no support in evidence".[32] McClennan also expressed some doubt as the reliability of evidence concerning the claimed sightings of Wood and Byrne at Watson's Bay on 7 June 1995 noting that some of these witnesses had come forward years after the event and the initial investigations; he raised concerns that the Melbourne/Martin first identification of Wood and Byrne was based on a specific photos shown to them by Dally-Watkins rather than from being picked from a selection. Tedeschi was criticised by McClellan for presenting reasoning that was "dangerous" and "entirely without foundation". Tedeschi contributed to the alleged miscarriage with his "50 killer questions" which took an "impermissible course" in asking the jury to consider rhetorical questions dealing with matters that had not been presented with in evidence.[32] McClennan ruled that he was not persuaded that Sgt Powderly's evidence regarding the changed landing position of the body was entirely reliable.[33]
Wood was freed from prison on 24 February 2012; having served three years two months in Goulburn Correctional Centre, following an initial month in Parklea prison. Three weeks later the new New South Wales Director of Public Prosecutions, Lloyd Babb SC, issued a press release simply announcing that "the OPDD will not appeal the Court of Criminal Appeal's judgement in the matter of R v Gordon Wood . No further comment will be issued".[34] This was 24 hours after meeting Tony Byrne and attending the Gap with him – a meeting which Byrne described as 'fruitful'.[35]
Post-appeal[edit]
Wood left Australia after his release from prison and spent time in the United States and Britain. In 2014 he brought defamation actions against the Sydney radio stations 2GB and 2UE, Channel Seven Sydney, and The Daily Telegraph[36]which were all settled out of court in his favour for undisclosed sums.[37]
In 2016 Wood sued the state of NSW for millions of dollars plus costs for malicious prosecution and wrongful imprisonment, based on a number of grounds including a "hopelessly corrupted" and "ridiculous" police case against him.[38] In a witness statement filed as part of his lawsuit against the state, Mr Wood said that during his three years in Goulburn Jail he lived in constant fear of guards who dished out "therapy" and was king-hit and knocked unconscious in the prison yard by an infamous rapist and killer.[39]
Sources[edit]
Wainwright, Robert (2009). The Killing of Caroline Byrne. Allen and Unwin. ISBN 978-1-74114-851-0.
Cross, Rod (2009). Evidence for Murder: How Physics Convicted a Killer. UNSW Press. ISBN 978-1-74223-107-5.
Court of Criminal Appeal full judgement
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Davies, Lisa; Hall, Louise; Bibby, Paul (24 February 2012). "Gordon Wood acquitted of murdering Caroline Byrne". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "Wood v R [2012] NSWCCA 21 (24 February 2012)". austlii.edu.au. 29 February 2012. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Cross, Rod (2009). Evidence for Murder: How Physics Convicted a Killer. UNSW Press. p. 8. ISBN 1459603516.
^ Jump up to: a b Cornford, Philip (5 April 2006). "Mystery born in a woman's dying cry". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Chenoweth, Neil (2007). Packer's Lunch. Allen and Unwin. ISBN 978-1-74175-323-3.
Jump up ^ Verrender, Ian (3 May 2005). "Pity the poor man". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
Jump up ^ Moran, Susannah (29 May 2010). "ASIC gives up on Offset Alpine mystery". The Australian. Retrieved 8 March 2012.
Jump up ^ Wainwright, Robert (27 June 2007). "Let me see Caroline's breasts: Wood". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
Jump up ^ Nile, Fred (18 March 2004). "Caroline Byrne Murder Investigation". Hansard transcript. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Wainwright, Robert (12 June 2007). "Man 'threw girlfriend like a spear'". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
Jump up ^ Kennedy, Jane (4 April 2006). "Police make breakthrough in high profile murder case" (transcript). The World Today. Australia. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Fresh jury sworn in for Wood trial". The Australian. Archived from the original on 2012-12-15.
Jump up ^ Cooke, Jennifer (7 July 2007). "Twelve years on, Wood to face murder trial over girlfriend's death". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
Jump up ^ Cross, Rod (2012). "Publications". Physics Department, The University of Sydney. Retrieved 8 March 2012.
Jump up ^ Stephen Luntz (2011). Forensics, Fossils and Fruitbats: A Field Guide to Australian Scientists. p. 161. ISBN 9780643097452.
Jump up ^ Cross, Rod (April 2009). "Never let the science get in the way of a good story" (transcript of evidence). Physics Department, The University of Sydney. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
Jump up ^ Assuming 0.5m takeoff distance and a horizontal throw, the minimum speed, conservatively assuming no air resistance, is 4.64m/s. [1]
Jump up ^ Rod Cross (2006). "Fatal Falls from a Height: Two Case Studies". J Forensic Sci. 51: 93. doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2005.00026.x.
Jump up ^ "Officer could not recall location of Caroline Byrne's body". The Australian. AAP. 9 September 2008. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "Wood trial: Caroline's dad still in denial that she suicided". ABC News. Australia. 29 August 2008. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
Jump up ^ Coopes, Amy (30 August 2008). "Trial told Rivkin lavished 'toy boy'". The Age. Melbourne. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "Cindy Pan evidence". The Australian. Archived from the original on 19 September 2008.
Jump up ^ McClymont, Kate (29 October 2008). "Wood jury asks for Gap visit". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
Jump up ^ McClymont, Kate (21 November 2008). "Gordon Wood guilty of murdering Caroline Byrne". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
Jump up ^ Williams, Hugh (21 November 2008). "Ex-boyfriend convicted of Australian model's murder". CNN. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
Jump up ^ Davies, Lisa (18 March 2011). "Gordon Wood launches appeal against murder conviction". The Daily Telegraph. Australia. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
Jump up ^ Davies, Lisa (23 August 2011). "Appeal on Gap murder of Caroline Byrne". Daily Telegraph. Australia. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "Police officer lied for Gordon Wood, inquest hears". Daily Telegraph. Australia. 23 August 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
Jump up ^ Wood v R [2012] NSWCCA 21 (24 February 2012), Criminal Court of Appeal (New South Wales)
Jump up ^ Wood v R [2012] NSWCCA 21 at p. 305 (24 February 2012), Criminal Court of Appeal (New South Wales)
Jump up ^ Wood v R [2012] NSWCCA 21 at p. 277 (24 February 2012), Criminal Court of Appeal (New South Wales)
^ Jump up to: a b Hall, Louise; Jacobsen, Geesche (25 February 2012). "State prosecutor's reasoning in Wood trial 'dangerous'". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
Jump up ^ Wood v R [2012] NSWCCA 21 at p. 317 (24 February 2012), Criminal Court of Appeal (New South Wales)
Jump up ^ "Gordon Wood will not face further court challenge: DPP". The Sydney Morning Herald.
Jump up ^ "Tony still bitter". Daily Telegraph. Australia. 18 March 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
Jump up ^ Wood defamation action against News settled SMH 10feb2015
Jump up ^ Out of work Wood lives off trust fund - The Australian 28feb2017
Jump up ^ Wood's a malicious prosecution suit - ABCNews 24feb2016
Jump up ^ Prison A Living Death - Yahoo7News 28feb2017
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text:
Monarch High School (Florida)
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For other schools named Monarch High School, see Monarch High School (disambiguation).
Coordinates: 26°17′05″N 80°11′35″W / 26.28464°N 80.19317°W / 26.28464; -80.19317
Monarch High School
Location
5050 Wiles Road
Coconut Creek, Florida 33073
Information
Type
Public high school
Motto
"Home of the Knights"
Opened
August 25, 2003 (2003-08-25)
School district
Broward County Public Schools
NCES District ID
1200180
CEEB code
100328
NCES School ID
120018004050
Principal
James Neer
Staff
175+
Grades
9–12
Enrollment
2,406[1] (2014-15)
Color(s)
Black, red, and silver
Mascot
Knight
Information
(754) 321–1400
Website
Official Website
Monarch High School (MHS) is a public high school located in Coconut Creek, Florida. Monarch is a part of the Broward County Public Schools system, and serves neighborhoods in Deerfield Beach, Coconut Creek, Coral Springs, and Pompano Beach.
Monarch had an FCAT school grade of "B" for the 2016-2017 academic year.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Campus
2 Excalibur Program
3 Academics
3.1 Test Scores[5]
3.2 Subject Proficiency Testing
3.3 Reading Proficiency Distribution
3.4 Mathematics Proficiency Distribution
3.5 Overall Student Performance
3.6 Disadvantaged Student Performance
3.7 College-Ready Student Performance
3.8 Advanced Placement® (AP®) Student Performance
4 Student Body[6]
4.1 Class
5 Student Diversity
5.1 Ethnicity/Race
5.2 Gender
5.3 Economically Disadvantaged Students
6 Digital Learning Environment
7 Pinwheels for Peace
8 Traditions
8.1 Knights Code of Chivalry
9 Notable alumni
10 References
11 External links
Campus[edit]
The pair of buildings that make up the school were designed by the Miami architectural firm Zyscovitch on a design and build basis. Building four, which houses the gym, cafeteria, and numerous classrooms, has the ability to be utilized as a hurricane shelter if necessary. The campus is also designed to enable community use of the facilities when not being used by the school.[3]
During the school's third academic year, an additional building, Building 5, was constructed to relieve "critical overcrowding" and meet class size requirements. The school also has houses a number of portable classrooms. Currently MHS is trying to raise funds to build a football stadium on campus.[citation needed]
Excalibur Program[edit]
Monarch High School offers the Excalibur Program, an integrated and accelerated curriculum for talented students at Monarch. The program offers a rigorous curriculum consisting of high caliber classes, including those of the Honors and AP level. Throughout the students' participation in the program, their inclusion depends upon GPA and test scores.[4]
Academics[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The school offers a large array of academic courses. The core academics include math, social studies, science, and English. There are many extra clubs and activities at the school, including (but not limited to) Drama Club, a wide variety of sports, a marching band, jazz band, concert band, drumline, indoor percussion, color guard, chamber orchestra, full orchestra, Debate Team, chorus, arts, cooking, step team, cheerleading, foreign language clubs, journalism club, flag football, multicultural society, an Environmental Club, Mu Alpha Theta, DECA, Key Club, National Honor Society (NHS) and JROTC. Advanced Placement classes are offered also.
Monarch students presently attend school from 7:40 AM to 2:40 PM, Monday through Friday on Block schedule. The current schedule requires students to attend four classes out of eight each day and a 40-minute lunch period each day with a eight-minute passing period between each class.
The school has an online gradebook which allows students to check their grades from any computer connected to the internet. Other information, such as absences and missing assignments, can also be viewed.
2015 Academic Indicators
College Readiness Index 22.6
Mathematics Proficiency 2.7
Reading Proficiency 2.8
Student-Teacher Ratio 24:1
Test Scores[5][edit]
U.S. News calculates these values based on student performance on state exit exams and internationally available exams on college-level course work (AP®/IB exams).
Proficient in Reading 56%
Proficient in Mathematics 55%
College Readiness Index 22.6
Subject Proficiency Testing[edit]
Student exit exams receive grades among multiple proficiency levels established by the state. These figures display how the school as a whole performed in different subjects.
Discipline
School
District
State
Mathematics 2.7 2.6 2.6
Reading 2.8 2.5 2.5
Reading Proficiency Distribution[edit]
Reading proficiency is determined by student results on the school's Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test or End-of-Course Assessments.
Below Basic 13%
Basic 31%
Proficient-Level 3 27%
Advanced-Level 4 23%
Advanced-Level 5 7%
Mathematics Proficiency Distribution[edit]
Mathematics proficiency is determined by student results on the school's Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test or End-of-Course Assessments tests.
Below Basic 15%
Basic 31%
Proficient-Level 3 35%
Advanced-Level 4 16%
Advanced-Level 5 4%
Overall Student Performance[edit]
This measures overall student performance on state exams. The calculations by U.S. News were the first of two steps in determining which schools received at least a bronze medal.
State Test Performance Index 85.4
Gap Between Actual and Expected Performance Index 2.4
Disadvantaged Student Performance[edit]
This measures the proficiency on state exams among typically underperforming subgroups. The calculations by U.S. News were the second of two steps in determining which schools received at least a bronze medal.
Percentage of Disadvantaged Students Who Are Proficient 49.4%
Percentage of Non-Disadvantaged Students Who Are Proficient 58.8%
Gap Between Disadvantaged and Non-Disadvantaged Students -9.4
Gap Between School and State Among Disadvantaged Students 5.7
College-Ready Student Performance[edit]
High school students take AP® and IB exams to earn college credit and demonstrate success at college-level course work. U.S. News calculated a College Readiness Index based on exam participation rates and percentages of students passing at least one exam. The index determined which types of medals (gold, silver or bronze) were awarded to top-performing schools.
College Readiness Index 22.6
Exam Used for Index AP®
Advanced Placement® (AP®) Student Performance[edit]
Many U.S. higher educational institutions grant credits or advanced placement based on student performance on AP® exams. This shows this school's student participation and performance on these exams if data were available.
Participation Rate 36%
Participant Passing Rate 51%
Exams Per Test Taker 3.7
Exam Pass Rate 30%
Quality-Adjusted Participation Rate 18%
Quality-Adjusted Exams Per Test Passer 1.1
Data are based on the 2012-2013 school year.
AP® and Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the College Board. Used with permission.
International Baccalaureate (IB) data provided by International Baccalaureate of North America. Used with permission.
Student Body[6][edit]
Class[edit]
These details on the school's student body are based on data reported to the government.
Total Enrollment 2,255
9th Grade 574 Students
10th Grade 610 Students
11th Grade 543 Students
12th Grade 528 Students
Student Diversity[edit]
This is the breakdown of ethnicity and gender of a school's student body, based on data reported to the government.
Ethnicity/Race[edit]
Total Minority Enrollment (% of total) 60%
American Indian/Alaskan Native Enrollment (% of total) 0.2%
Asian Enrollment (% of total) 5%
Black Enrollment (% of total) 19%
Hawaiian Native/Pacific Islander (% of total) 0.04%
Hispanic Enrollment (% of total) 33%
White Enrollment (% of total) 40%
Two or More Races Enrollment (% of total) 3%
Gender[edit]
Male (% of total) 52%
Female (% of total) 48%
Economically Disadvantaged Students[edit]
These are the percentages of the school's students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch, based on data reported to the government.
Free Lunch Program (% of total) 34%
Reduced-Price Lunch Program (% of total) 11%
Total Economically Disadvantaged (% of total) 45%
Data are based on the 2012-2013 school year.
AP® and Advanced Placement® are registered trademarks of the College Board.
Digital Learning Environment[edit]
At the beginning of the Digital Learning Environment program, in the school's second academic year (2004–2005), students were provided with a laptop that could be taken home and brought back with them to school on a regular basis to further enhance the program. This element was withdrawn after three years because of budget cuts, the expense of computer repairs and maintenance and because of misuse, vandalism and stolen/ lost computers.[7]
Pinwheels for Peace[edit]
A program started by two teachers, Ellen McMillan and Ann Ayers at Monarch High, the Pinwheels for Peace Project invites students to create and display their pinwheels on the campus during the International Day of Peace and has been adopted internationally.[8] Groups in more than 1,500 places have planted more than half a million pinwheels throughout the world.[9]
Traditions[edit]
Knights Code of Chivalry[edit]
The school emphasizes a code of conduct among students, teachers, faculty and peers dubbed the "Knights Code of Chivalry." The code was created by a student panel the year before the school opened. Plaques containing the code are present in every classroom.[10]
Responsibility
Citizenship
Kindness
Respect
Honesty
Self-Control
Tolerance
Cooperation
Notable alumni[edit]
Calvin Ridley (2014): American football wide receiver for the Atlanta Falcons
Ronnie Hoggins (2014): American football corner back for the South Florida Bulls (2015–present)
Justin Galit (2008): Justin was diagnosed with Leukemia & Lymphoma during his senior year. The school held a school wide blood drive to support Justin in his treatment. He is currently healthy and in remission of the disease.
Shaffner Noel: Shaffner was struck and killed by lightning while leaving the field of a delayed football game in which he was participating. A memorial is setup in remembrance near the field.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "MONARCH HIGH SCHOOL". National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ FCAT School Grades - High Archived 2004-06-18 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Monarch High School", Learning by Design 2004, American School Board Journal
Jump up ^ "Exacalibur Application" (PDF). Monarch High School. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 February 2012. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
Jump up ^ "Monarch High School in COCONUT CREEK, FL | Best High Schools | US News". www.usnews.com. Retrieved 2016-03-31.
Jump up ^ "Monarch High School in COCONUT CREEK, FL | Student Body | US News". www.usnews.com. Retrieved 2016-03-31.
Jump up ^ "Digital Learning Environment" Archived 2007-05-06 at the Wayback Machine., Monarch High School
Jump up ^ "Pinwheels for Peace", Education World, August 9, 2005
Jump up ^ "No place for Pinwheels for Peace" Archived 2007-02-04 at the Wayback Machine., Patty McCormac, Valley News, January 9, 2006
Jump up ^ "2009-2010 Course Catalog", Monarch High School, Spring 2009
External links[edit]
Pinwheels for Peace
Monarch High School
Broward County Public Schools
[hide]
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European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal
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European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal
European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal
Awarded by Department of War and Department of the Navy
Type
Campaign Medal
Eligibility
served in the armed forces between the following dates:
between December 7, 1941 and March 2, 1946, for military service, in geographical theater areas of Europe, North Africa, or the Middle East.
Status
Inactive
Statistics
First awarded
December 7, 1941
Last awarded
March 2, 1946
Precedence
Equivalent
Asiatic–Pacific Campaign Medal
American Campaign Medal
Next (lower)
World War II Victory Medal
ribbon and streamer
The European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal is a military award of the United States Armed Forces which was first created on November 6, 1942 by Executive Order 9265 [1][2] issued by President Franklin D. Roosevelt[3] The medal was intended to recognize those military service members who had performed military duty in the European Theater (to include North Africa and the Middle East) during the years of the Second World War.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Criteria
3 Appearance
4 Devices
5 Campaigns
6 See also
7 References
History[edit]
The EAME Campaign Medal was initially established by Executive Order 9265, dated 6 November 1942, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and announced in War Department Bulletin 56, 1942. The European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal was awarded as a service ribbon throughout the entire Second World War due to the ribbon design being approved by the Secretary of War in December 1942.[2]
The medal design was submitted to the Commission of Fine Arts on 17 September 1946 and the first sample was completed in July 1947. The first recipient of the European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal was General of the Army Dwight Eisenhower on 24 July 1947 [2] in recognition of his service as Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force during World War II.
The criteria were initially announced in Department of the Army (DA) Circular 84, dated 25 March 1948, and subsequently published in Army Regulation 600-65, dated 22 September 1948.[2] The Pacific Theater counterpart to the European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal was the Asiatic–Pacific Campaign Medal.
Criteria[edit]
Originally known as the “EAME Ribbon”, the European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal is awarded for any service performed between December 7, 1941 and March 2, 1946,dates inclusive,[2][4] provided such service was performed in the following geographical theater areas: West boundary. -- From the North Pole, south along the 75th meridian west longitude to the 77th parallel north latitude, thence southeast through Davis Strait to the intersection of the 40th parallel north latitude and the 35th meridian west longitude, thence sough along that meridian to the 10th parallel north latitude, thence southeast to the intersection of the equator and the 20th meridian west longitude, thence along the 20th meridian west longitude to the South Pole. East boundary—From the North Pole, south along the 60th meridian east longitude to its intersection with the eastern border of Iran, thence south along that border to the Gulf of Oman and the intersection of the 60th meridian east longitude, thence south along the 60th meridian east longitude to the South Pole.[4]
Appearance[edit]
The medal's obverse was designed by Mr. Thomas Hudson Jones based on General Eisenhower’s request that the medal include an invasion scene. The reverse side was designed by Adolph Alexander Weinman and is the same design as used on the reverse of the Asiatic–Pacific and American Campaign Medals.[2]
The Bronze medal is 1 3/8 inches in width. On the obverse is a LST landing craft and troops landing under fire with an airplane in the background below the words EUROPEAN AFRICAN MIDDLE EASTERN CAMPAIGN. On the reverse, an American bald eagle close between the dates 1941 - 1945 and the words UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.[2][3]
The ribbon is 1 3/8 inches wide and consists of the following stripes. the 3/16 inch Brown 67136 which represents the sands of Africa. The 1/16 inch Irish Green 67189, 1/16 inch White 67101 and 1/16 inch Scarlet 67111 represent Italian colors. The 1/4 inch Irish Green represents the green fields of Europe. The center, 1/8 inch triparted Old Glory Blue 67178, White and Scarlet, are taken from the American Defense Service Medal ribbon and refers to the continuance of American Defense after Pearl Harbor. Next is a 1/4 inch Irish Green, again the green fields of Europe. The 1/16 inch White; 1/16 inch Black 67138, 1/16 inch White represent Germany. Lastly 3/16 inch Brown, again representing the sands of Africa.[2][3]
Devices[edit]
For those service members who participated in one or more military campaigns, Battle Stars are authorized to be worn on the medal. The Arrowhead device is also authorized to be worn on the medal for those who participated in airborne or amphibious assault landings; the Fleet Marine Force Combat Operation Insignia is also authorized for wear on the medal for sailors attached to the Marine Corps.[2][3]
Campaigns[edit]
The following military campaigns are recognized by service stars to the European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal.[2][3][5]
Military Campaigns
Name of campaign
Start Date
End Date
Egypt-Libya 11 June 1942 12 February 1943
Air Offensive, Europe 4 July 1942 5 June 1944
Algeria-French Morocco 8 November 1942 11 November 1942
Tunisia 12 November 1942 13 May 1943
Sicily 14 May 1943 17 August 1943
Naples-Foggia 18 August 1943 21 January 1944
Anzio 22 January 1944 24 May 1944
Rome-Arno 22 January 1944 9 September 1944
Normandy 6 June 1944 24 July 1944
Northern France 25 July 1944 14,September 1944
Southern France 15 August 1944 14 September 1944
Northern Apennines 10 September 1944 4 April 1945
Rhineland 15 September 1944 21 March 1945
Ardennes-Alsace 16 December 1944 25 January 1945
Central Europe 22 March 1945 11 May 1945
Po Valley 5 April 1945 8 May 1945
For those service members who did not participate in a designated battle campaign, the following "blanket campaigns" are authorized to the European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal, denoted by service stars.[2]
Blanket Campaigns
Name of campaign
Start Date
End Date
Antisubmarine 7 December 1941 2 September 1945
Ground Combat 7 December 1941 2 September 1945
Air Combat 7 December 1941 2 September 1945
Wikimedia Commons has media related to European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal.
See also[edit]
Arrowhead device
Awards and decorations of the United States military
References[edit]
Jump up ^ *Federal Register for Executive Order 9265
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k "European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal". The Institute of Heraldry: Office of the Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the ARMY. Retrieved Jan 9, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "European–African–Middle EASTERN CAMPAIGN MEDAL Fact Sheet". Air force Personnel Center. Aug 23, 2010. Archived from the original on 2013-11-06. Retrieved Jan 9, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Naval Historical Center". Naval Historical Center. June 23, 1998. Retrieved Jan 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual, NAVPERS 15,790 (REV.1953), Part III. - List of Authorized Operations and Engagements, European–African–Middle EASTERN AREA
[hide]
United States Campaign, Expeditionary, and Service Medals
19th century
Civil War Campaign Medal
Indian Campaign Medal
Dewey Medal
Sampson Medal
Cardenas Medal of Honor
West Indies Campaign Medal
Spanish Campaign Medal
Spanish War Service Medal
Army of Cuban Occupation Medal
Army of Puerto Rican Occupation Medal
Philippine Campaign Medal
Philippine Congressional Medal
Early 20th century
China Campaign Medal (Army)
China Relief Expedition Medal (Navy)
Army of Cuban Pacification Medal
Cuban Pacification Medal
Nicaraguan Campaign Medal
Haitian Campaign Medal
Dominican Campaign Medal
World War I era
Mexican Service Medal
Mexican Border Service Medal
World War I Victory Medal
Texas Cavalry Medal
Army of Occupation of Germany Medal
Inter war era
Navy Expeditionary Medal
Marine Corps Expeditionary Medal
Haitian Campaign Medal
NC-4 Medal
Second Nicaraguan Campaign Medal
Yangtze Service Medal
Byrd Antarctic Expedition Medal
Second Byrd Antarctic Expedition Medal
United States Antarctic Expedition Medal
World War II era
China Service Medal
American Defense Service Medal
Women's Army Corps Service Medal
American Campaign Medal
European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal
Asiatic–Pacific Campaign Medal
World War II Victory Medal
Army of Occupation Medal
Navy Occupation Service Medal
Medal for Humane Action
Late 20th century
National Defense Service Medal
Korean Service Medal
Antarctica Service Medal
Coast Guard Arctic Service Medal
Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal
Vietnam Service Medal
Southwest Asia Service Medal
Kosovo Campaign Medal
Armed Forces Service Medal
Humanitarian Service Medal
Military Outstanding Volunteer Service Medal
21st century
Afghanistan Campaign Medal
Iraq Campaign Medal
Inherent Resolve Campaign Medal
Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal
Global War on Terrorism Service Medal
Korea Defense Service Medal
Air and Space Campaign Medal
Nuclear Deterrence Operations Service Medal
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Your Love (The Outfield song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"Your Love"
UK vinyl single
Single by The Outfield
from the album Play Deep
B-side
"61 Seconds"
Released
14 February 1986
Format
7"
12"
Recorded
26 July 1985
Air Studios
(London)
Genre
Pop rock
new wave
power pop
Length
3:36
Label
Columbia
Songwriter(s)
John Spinks
Producer(s)
William Wittman
The Outfield singles chronology
"Say It Isn't So"
(1985) "Your Love"
(1986) "All the Love"
(1986)
"Say It Isn't So"
(1985) "Your Love"
(1986) "All the Love"
(1986)
"Your Love" is a song by the English rock band the Outfield, taken from their debut album Play Deep (1985). The song was penned by the band's guitarist John Spinks.
Despite the band being from London, the song was not a major hit in the UK, but was in the United States, where it reached #6 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #7 on the Mainstream Rock chart in 1986.
Contents
[hide]
1 Commercial performance
2 Reception
3 Music video
4 Charts
4.1 Year-end charts
5 References
6 External links
Commercial performance[edit]
"Your Love" became a major hit nearly solely in the United States, where it became a song of the summer. It was first released as the second single from Play Deep in November 1985. It was first pushed to album-oriented rock (AOR) radio, to maintain momentum generated by the album's lead single, "Say It Isn't So". After entering the top ten of Billboard's Top Rock Tracks chart (which measured the playlists of AOR stations across the U.S.), Columbia began expanding the song to top 40 radio in February 1986.[1] It then peaked at number seven on the Top Rock Tracks chart during the week of March 1.[2] The song entered the top ten on the Billboard Hot 100 in May 1986, peaking at number six during the week of May 10. Overall, it spent 22 weeks on the Hot 100.[3]
Reception[edit]
Rolling Stone contributor Jimmy Guterman wrote that the track "seems to advocate philandering," and that "the repulsive misogyny contaminates the whole song."[4] Dennis Hunt from the Los Angeles Times criticizes the whole of Play Deep as "thoroughly derivative music," he praises the song's "lovely melodic line that's engagingly performed by vocalist Tony Lewis, who has obviously been listening to Journey's Steve Perry."[5]
Music video[edit]
The song's music video was directed by Jon Jopson.[6] The concept for the clip is the Outfield filming a music video for the song, and prominently features a painting motif. They perform in front of a backdrop of the Play Deep album cover, which is also being finger-painted offstage by an artist, played by actress JoAnn Willette. Her character and lead vocalist Tony Lewis appear flirtatious throughout the clip. Willette was interviewed about her role on the blog Noblemania in 2013, and gave details about the making of the clip. It was shot in Astoria on a soundstage over one day; at the end of the video, Willette can be seen exiting the studio at dawn, the time the production wrapped.[7] The video is mainly footage of the group playing the song, highlighting their unity as a performing band: "We didn't want a situation where they had to be actors or something that wasn't what they are," said the band's manager, Kip Krones, at the time.[1]
The video was first added to MTV's schedule during the week of 19 February 1986,[8] and began attracting major rotation. It peaked at number two on MTV's Top 20 Countdown in late April 1986.[1]
Play Deep (The Outfield Album) - Your Love
Charts[edit]
Chart (1986)
Peak
position
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[9]
37
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[10]
33
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[11]
17
Germany (Official German Charts)[12]
52
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[13]
83
US Billboard Hot 100[3]
6
US Mainstream Rock (Billboard)[2]
6
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1986)
Position
US Billboard Hot 100[14] 62
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Bessman, Jim (July 26, 1986). "How the Outfield Became Sluggers" (PDF). Billboard. 98 (30). Billboard Publications, Inc. p. 3.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Outfield Chart History (Mainstream Rock)". Billboard. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Outfield Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved January 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ Guterman, Jimmy (1985). "Play Deep Review". Rolling Stone (477).
Jump up ^ Dennis Hunt (June 1, 1986). "Hit Puts The Outfield Team In The Big Leagues". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Enter Sandman | Metallica | Music Video". MTV. Viacom Media Networks. Retrieved May 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ Marc Tyler Nobleman. "The Girl in the Video: "Your Love" (1986)". Noblemania. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ "MTV Programming". Billboard. 98 (9). Billboard Publications, Inc. March 1, 1986. p. 39.
Jump up ^ "RPM 100 Singles" (PDF). RPM. Ottawa: Library and Archives Canada. 44 (13). June 21, 1986. OCLC 352936026. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – The Outfield – Your Love" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – The Outfield – Your Love" (in Dutch). Single Top 100.
Jump up ^ "Musicline.de – The Outfield Single-Chartverfolgung" (in German). Media Control Charts. PhonoNet GmbH.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved January 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ Billboard Top 100 - 1986. "Billboard Top 100 - 1986 - Longbored Surfer - Charts". Longbored Surfer. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[hide]
v
t
e
The Outfield
Tony Lewis
John Spinks
Alan Jackman
Simon Dawson
Studio albums
Play Deep
Bangin'
Voices of Babylon
Diamond Days
Rockeye
It Ain't Over...
Extra Innings
Any Time Now
Replay
Live albums
Live in Brazil
The Outfield Live
Compilations
Playing the Field
Big Innings: The Best of The Outfield
Singles
"Your Love"
"All the Love"
"Since You've Been Gone"
"Voices of Babylon"
"For You"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Your_Love_(The_Outfield_song)&oldid=818724755"
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1985 singles
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Debut singles
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Songs about sexuality
1985 songs
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