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United States Senate election in Arizona, 2018
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United States Senate election in Arizona, 2018
← 2012 November 6, 2018 2024 →
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Republican Democratic
Incumbent U.S. Senator
Jeff Flake
Republican
Elections in Arizona
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The 2018 United States Senate election in Arizona will take place on November 6, 2018, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of Arizona, concurrently with other elections to the United States Senate, elections to the United States House of Representatives, and various state and local elections.
The candidate filing deadline is May 30, 2018, and the primary election will be held on August 28, 2018.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Republican primary
2.1 Candidates
2.1.1 Declared
2.1.2 Potential
2.1.3 Withdrew
2.1.4 Declined
2.2 Endorsements
2.3 Polling
3 Democratic primary
3.1 Candidates
3.1.1 Declared
3.1.2 Potential
3.1.3 Withdrew
3.1.4 Declined
3.2 Endorsements
4 Libertarian primary
4.1 Candidates
4.1.1 Declared
5 Green primary
5.1 Candidates
5.1.1 Declared
6 General election
6.1 Predictions
6.2 Fundraising
6.3 Polling
7 References
8 External links
Background[edit]
Arizona, located along the United States border with Mexico, has a unique political history. Upon its admission to the Union in 1912, the state was dominated by Democrats who had migrated there from the South, and aside from the landslide victories of Republicans Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover, the state voted for Democrats until 1952, when Dwight Eisenhower carried it, and began a lengthy streak of GOP victories interrupted only by Bill Clinton's narrow victory in 1996. Since then, the state has remained in the GOP camp, although Donald Trump won it by only 3.5% in 2016.[2]
Incumbent Republican Senator Jeff Flake announced in October 2017 that he would retire at the end of his current term instead of seeking reelection for another term in 2018.[3] Flake had said in March 2017 that he was running for reelection, but was considered vulnerable due to low approval ratings, a tenuous relationship with President Donald Trump, and a primary challenge from former State Senator Kelli Ward.[4][5][6][7]
Republican primary[edit]
Candidates[edit]
Declared[edit]
Joe Arpaio, former Maricopa County Sheriff[8][9][10]
Craig Brittain, owner and co-founder of the revenge porn website IsAnybodyDown?[11]
Christian "C.J." Diegel, financial advisor[12]
Michelle Griffin[13]
Martha McSally, U.S. Representative[14][15]
Nicholas Tutora, pharmacist[16]
Kelli Ward, former State Senator and candidate for the U.S. Senate in 2016[17][18][19]
Potential[edit]
Andy Biggs, U.S. Representative[9]
Mark Brnovich, Attorney General of Arizona[9]
Trent Franks, former U.S. Representative[20][21]
Robert Graham, former Chair of the Arizona Republican Party[22][23][9]
Christine Jones, former GoDaddy executive, candidate for governor in 2014 and candidate for AZ-05 in 2016[24]
Bill Montgomery, Maricopa County Attorney[25]
Ben Quayle, former U.S. Representative[26]
Matt Salmon, former U.S. Representative and nominee for Governor in 2002[27][28][9]
David Schweikert, U.S. Representative[19][9][21]
John Shadegg, former U.S. Representative[25]
Withdrew[edit]
Jeff Flake, incumbent U.S. Senator[29][30]
Declined[edit]
Jan Brewer, former Governor[23][31]
Paul Gosar, U.S. Representative[32][33][24][34]
Jeff DeWit, Treasurer of Arizona (nominated as NASA Chief Financial Officer)[35]
Endorsements[edit]
showJeff Flake (withdrawn)
U.S. Presidents
George W. Bush, 43rd President of the United States[36]
U.S. Senators
Marco Rubio, U.S. Senator (R-FL)[37]
Joni Ernst, U.S. Senator (R-IA)[38]
Governors
Mitt Romney, former Governor of Massachusetts and 2012 Republican Presidential Nominee[39]
Organizations
National Republican Senatorial Committee[28]
showMartha McSally
Cabinet-level officials
John R. Bolton, 27th National Security Advisor[40]
State-level officials
Jay Heiler, Treasurer of the Board of the Arizona Board of Regents[41]
Organizations
Maggie's List[42]
Winning for Women[43]
showKelli Ward
U.S. Senators
Rand Paul, U.S. Senator (R-KY)[44]
U.S. Representatives
Steve King, U.S. Representative (R-IA)[45]
Dana Rohrabacher, U.S. Representative (R-CA)[46]
Local Officials
Warren Petersen, State Senator[47]
Nancy Barto, State Senator
David Farnsworth, State Senator
Sylvia Allen, State Senator
Gail Griffin, State Senator
Sonny Borrelli, State Senator
Russell Pearce, former Senate President
Al Melvin, former State Senator
Travis Grantham, State Representative
Becky Nutt, State Representative
Mark Finchem, State Representative
Individuals
Steve Bannon, former White House Chief Strategist, executive chairman of Breitbart News[48]
Sebastian Gorka, former Deputy Assistant to President Donald Trump[49]
Sean Hannity, conservative talk radio host and host of Hannity on the Fox News Network[50]
Laura Ingraham, conservative talk radio host and host of The Ingraham Angle on the Fox News Network[51]
Mark Levin, conservative talk radio host[52]
Austin Petersen, candidate for U.S. Senate in Missouri in 2018 and Libertarian candidate for President in 2016[53]
Tomi Lahren, political commentator[54]
Organizations
Great America PAC[55]
Gun Owners of America[56]
Polling[edit]
Poll source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Joe
Arpaio
Craig
Brittain
Martha
McSally
Matt
Salmon
Nicholas
Tutora
Kelli
Ward
Other
Undecided
Magellan Strategies (R) April 11–12 and 15, 2018 755 ± 3.6% 26% – 36% – – 25% 6% 7%
OH Predictive Insights April 10–11, 2018 302 ± 5.6% 22% – 27% – – 36% – 15%
Data Orbital January 11–15, 2018 500 ± 4.4% 22% – 31% – – 19% – 27%
OH Predictive Insights January 9, 2018 504 ± 4.4% 29% – 31% – – 25% – 15%
WPA Intelligence (R-McSally) November 15–16, 2017 500 ± 4.4% – – 38% – – 36% – 26%
OH Predictive Insights November 9, 2017 323 ± 5.5% – – 34% – – 42% – 24%
Revily (R-Ward) October 28–31, 2017 380 ± 3.0% – 4% 21% 9% 2% 32% – 34%
[show]Hypothetical polling
with Jay Heiler
Poll source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Jay
Heiler
Martha
McSally
Matt
Salmon
David
Schweikert
John
Shadegg
Kelli
Ward
Undecided
Data Orbital October 26–28, 2017 500 ± 4.4% 1% 19% 10% 5% 4% 26% 28%
with Jeff Flake
Poll source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Jeff
Flake
Jeff
DeWit
Nicholas
Tutora
Kelli
Ward
Other
Undecided
GBA Strategies August 30 – September 7, 2017 500 ± 4.4% 31% – – 58% – 11%
JMC Analytics (R) August 26–27, 2017 500 ± 4.4% 21% – 3% 47% – 29%
HighGround Public Affairs August 18–19, 2017 273 ± 5.9% 28% – – 43% 5% 24%
Political Marketing International (R-Ward) February 7, 2017 921 ± 5.0% 23% – – 30% – 47%
Remington Research Group November 15–16, 2016 1,122 ± 2.9% 30% 38% – 15% – 17%
33% 42% – – – 25%
35% 35% – – – 30%
Democratic primary[edit]
Candidates[edit]
Declared[edit]
Deedra Abboud, attorney[57]
Bob Bishop, pilot[58]
David Ruben, physican[59]
Chris Russell, attorney[60]
Richard Sherzan, retired administrative law judge, former Iowa State Representative and candidate for the U.S. Senate in 2016[61]
Kyrsten Sinema, U.S. Representative[62]
Potential[edit]
Mark Kelly, astronaut, scientist, U.S. Navy Captain and husband of former U.S. Representative Gabrielle Giffords[63]
Withdrew[edit]
Jim Moss, businessman, activist and former teacher[64][65]
Declined[edit]
Randall Friese, State Representative[66][67][68]
Ann Kirkpatrick, former U.S. Representative and nominee for the U.S. Senate in 2016 (Running for AZ-2)[4][69]
Greg Stanton, Mayor of Phoenix (running for AZ-9)[70][67][71]
Endorsements[edit]
showDeedra Abboud
Organizations
Justice Democrats[72]
The People for Bernie Sanders[73]
showKyrsten Sinema
U.S. Senators
Chuck Schumer, U.S. Senator (D-NY) and Senate Minority Leader[74]
Cory Booker, U.S. Senator (D-NJ)[75]
Catherine Cortez Masto, U.S. Senator (D-NV)[76]
Tammy Duckworth, U.S. Senator (D-IL)[77]
Dick Durbin, U.S. Senator (D-IL) and Senate Minority Whip[78]
Kirsten Gillibrand, U.S. Senator (D-NY)[79]
Kamala Harris, U.S. Senator (D-CA)[80]
Patrick Leahy, U.S. Senator (D-VT)[81]
Jeff Merkley, U.S. Senator (D-OR)[82]
Chris Murphy, U.S. Senator (D-CT)[83]
Patty Murray, U.S. Senator (D-WA)[84]
Ron Wyden, U.S. Senator (D-OR)[85]
U.S. Representatives
Ron Barber, former U.S. Representative (D-AZ)[86]
Ruben Gallego, U.S. Representative (D-AZ)[87]
Tom O'Halleran, U.S. Representative (D-AZ)[88]
Joe Kennedy III, U.S. Representative (D-MA)[89]
Statewide and local politicians
Lela Alston, State Representative[87]
Andrea Dalessandro, State Senator[87]
Randy Friese, State Representative and State Assistant House Minority Leader[90]
Francisco Heredia, Mesa City Councilmember[87]
Daniel Hernández Jr., State Representative[87]
Katie Hobbs, State Senator and Senate Minority Leader[87]
Robert Meza, State Senator[87]
Mark Mitchell, Mayor of Tempe[87]
Joel Navarro, Tempe City Councilmember[87]
Laura Pastor, Phoenix City Councilmember[87]
Rebecca Rios, State Representative and State House Minority Leader[87]
Regina Romero, Tucson Councilmember[87]
Jonathan Rothschild, Mayor of Tucson[87]
Anna Tovar, Mayor of Tolleson[87]
Daniel Valenzuela, Phoenix City Councilmember[87]
Individuals
Jon Favreau, co-host of progressive political podcast Pod Save America and former chief White House speechwriter for President Barack Obama[91]
Jason Kander, former Missouri Secretary of State, nominee for U.S Senate in Missouri in 2016, host of podcast Majority 54 and founder of Let America Vote[92]
Jenny Wilson, Salt Lake County Councilwoman & Candidate For U.S. Senate in Utah (D-UT)[93]
Labor unions
Arizona Building and Construction Trades Council[94]
Communications Workers of America[95]
Organizations
Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee[96]
Emily's List[97]
End Citizens United[98]
Equality PAC[99]
Human Rights Campaign[100]
Gay & Lesbian Victory Fund[101]
League of Conservation Voters Action Fund[102]
Let America Vote[103]
LPAC[104]
National Organization for Women[105]
Planned Parenthood Action Fund[106]
Stonewall Democrats of Arizona[107]
Libertarian primary[edit]
Candidates[edit]
Declared[edit]
Doug Marks, veteran and write in candidate for IL-14 in 2010[108]
Green primary[edit]
Candidates[edit]
Declared[edit]
Eve Reyes-Aguirre, activist[109]
General election[edit]
Predictions[edit]
Source
Ranking
As of
The Cook Political Report[110] 100 !Toss-Up March 30, 2018
Rothenberg Political Report[111] 100 !Toss-Up March 23, 2018
Sabato's Crystal Ball[112] 100 !Toss-Up April 5, 2018
Fundraising[edit]
Campaign finance reports as of March 31, 2018
Candidate (party)
Total receipts
Total disbursements
Cash on hand
Kyrsten Sinema (D) $8,257,608 $3,705,229 $6,816,005
Martha McSally (R) $3,377,931 $799,184 $2,578,746
Kelli Ward (R) $1,980,775 $1,600,150 $432,553
Joe Arpaio (R) $503,191 $248,252 $254,938
Source: Federal Election Commission[113]
Polling[edit]
with Martha McSally
Poll source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Martha
McSally (R)
Kyrsten
Sinema (D)
Undecided
SurveyMonkey/Axios April 2–23, 2018 1,667 ± 4.0% 42% 51% 7%
OH Predictive Insights April 10–11, 2018 600 ± 4.0% 42% 48% 10%
Public Policy Polling (D-Protect Our Care) March 15–16, 2018 547 ± 4.2% 41% 46% 13%
OH Predictive Insights November 9, 2017 600 ± 4.0% 45% 46% 9%
Revily (R-Ward) October 28–31, 2017 850 ± 3.4% 29% 33% 37%
with Kelli Ward
Poll source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Kelli
Ward (R)
Kyrsten
Sinema (D)
Undecided
SurveyMonkey/Axios April 2–23, 2018 1,667 ± 4.0% 43% 51% 6%
OH Predictive Insights April 10–11, 2018 600 ± 4.0% 40% 50% 10%
OH Predictive Insights November 9, 2017 600 ± 4.0% 43% 46% 11%
Revily (R-Ward) October 28–31, 2017 850 ± 3.4% 34% 33% 33%
HighGround Public Affairs October 23–26, 2017 500 ± 4.4% 27% 34% 39%
HighGround Public Affairs August 18–19, 2017 400 ± 4.9% 31% 32% 38%
with Joe Arpaio
Poll source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Joe
Arpaio (R)
Kyrsten
Sinema (D)
Undecided
SurveyMonkey/Axios April 2–23, 2018 1,667 ± 4.0% 32% 61% 7%
OH Predictive Insights April 10–11, 2018 600 ± 4.0% 33% 59% 8%
[show]Hypothetical polling
with generic Republican and generic Democrat
Poll source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Generic
Republican
Generic
Democrat
Other
Undecided
Public Policy Polling (D-Protect Our Care) March 15–16, 2018 547 ± 4.2% 47% 45% – 8%
with Jeff Flake
Poll source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Jeff
Flake (R)
Kyrsten
Sinema (D)
Other
Undecided
GBA Strategies August 30 – September 7, 2017 600 ± 4.0% 40% 47% – 13%
HighGround Public Affairs August 18–19, 2017 400 ± 4.9% 33% 41% – 27%
Public Policy Polling May 13–15, 2016 896 ± 3.3% 38% 36% – 27%
Poll source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Jeff
Flake (R)
Democratic
opponent (D)
Other
Undecided
Public Policy Polling July 31 – August 1, 2017 704 ± 2.0% 31% 47% – 22%
with Matt Salmon
Poll source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Matt
Salmon (R)
Kyrsten
Sinema (D)
Other
Undecided
Revily (R-Ward) October 28–31, 2017 850 ± 3.4% 30% 32% – 38%
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "United States Senate election in Arizona, 2018 - Ballotpedia". Retrieved March 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.foxnews.com/politics/elections/2016/presidential-election-headquarters
Jump up ^ Feldscher, Kyle (October 24, 2017). "Jeff Flake rips Trump while announcing his retirement in remarkable speech on Senate floor". The Washington Examiner. Washington, D.C. Retrieved October 24, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Kimbel-Sannit, Arren (March 11, 2017). "Flake likely to face challenges from all sides, vows to be ready". Arizona Daily Star. Retrieved March 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ "New Poll Says Flake Is In Deep Trouble In Arizona GOP Primary". The Daily Caller. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
Jump up ^ "Hey, Democrats, Maybe You Should Run Someone Against Jeff Flake". FiveThirtyEight. 2017-07-12. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
Jump up ^ "Trump's Big 2018 Gamble". Bloomberg.com. 2017-07-17. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
Jump up ^ Nelson, Steven (August 28, 2017). "Joe Arpaio may challenge Jeff Flake for Arizona Senate seat: Exclusive". The Washington Examiner. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
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Jump up ^ Drucker, David M. "Joe Arpaio running for Senate in Arizona". Washington Examiner. Retrieved 2018-01-09.
Jump up ^ Roth, R. (September 25, 2017). "Former "Revenge Porn Website" Mastermind Declares Run For Arizona Senate". Arizona Daily Independent. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "DIEGEL, CHRISTIAN - Candidate overview - FEC.gov". FEC.gov. Retrieved 2017-12-17.
Jump up ^ GRIFFIN, MICHELLE MARIE DR PHD
Jump up ^ Arizona Rep. McSally tells colleagues she’ll run for Senate, Washington Post, Bob Christie (AP), November 7, 2017. Retrieved November 7, 2017.[dead link]
Jump up ^ "McSally launches Senate campaign in heated Arizona contest". Associated Press. ABC15 Arizona. January 12, 2018. Retrieved January 12, 2018.
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Jump up ^ Min Kim, Seung (October 27, 2016). "Kelli Ward aims to oust Flake in 2018". Politico. Retrieved October 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ Bowman, Bridget (October 27, 2016). "Flake Gets 2018 Primary Challenge". Roll Call. Retrieved October 27, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b De Ford, Josh (October 30, 2016). "Ward Eyes Sen. Flake's lack of "War Hero Status" with 2018 Senate launch". Outset. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Arizona Rep. Franks isn't interested in running for Flake's Senate seat". KTAR News. August 31, 2017. Retrieved October 24, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Weaver, Al; Drucker, David M. (October 24, 2017). "Arizona Republicans eye Senate race as Jeff Flake announces exit". The Washington Examiner. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Isenstadt, Alex (January 25, 2017). "Mini-Trumps look to replicate electoral success". Politico. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Isenstadt, Alex (July 17, 2017). "White House squeezes Jeff Flake". Politico. Retrieved July 17, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Bradner, Eric (October 25, 2017). "How Jeff Flake's retirement could help Republicans keep his Senate seat". CNN. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Nowicki, Dan; Wingett Sanchez, Yvonne (October 24, 2017). "'Cascading effect': Sen. Jeff Flake's announcement jolts political world, Senate race". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ http://observer.com/2017/12/most-critical-senate-elections-of-2018/
Jump up ^ Isenstadt, Alex (August 17, 2017). "Trump aides worry he hurt hopes of defeating Flake". Politico. Retrieved August 18, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Gomez, Henry J. (August 17, 2017). "Donald Trump Just Raised Expectations That He'll Campaign Against Jeff Flake". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved August 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Nowicki, Dan (October 24, 2017). "Arizona's Jeff Flake announces he will not seek re-election to U.S. Senate". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved October 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Isenstadt, Alex (October 24, 2017). "Flake announces retirement as he rebukes Trump". Politico. Retrieved October 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ http://ktar.com/story/1805486/former-arizona-gov-jan-brewer-not-interested-in-running-for-flakes-seat/?
Jump up ^ Duda, Jeremy (January 30, 2017). "Gosar eyes primary challenge to Flake". Arizona Capitol Times. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Morning Digest: Christie's 17 percent approval could cause some traffic problems for Jersey GOP". Daily Kos Elections. February 1, 2017. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Manchester, Julia (October 25, 2017). "GOP Rep. Gosar rules out bid for Flake's seat". The Hill. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Nowicki, Dan (2017-11-29). "President Trump to nominate Arizona State Treasurer @JeffDeWitAZ to be @NASA's chief financial officer. DeWit had been mentioned for months as a possible #AZSEN candidate.pic.twitter.com/HjWWIR92m2". @dannowicki. Retrieved 2017-11-30.
Jump up ^ Dan Nowicki (March 14, 2017). "George W. Bush to headline Sen. Jeff Flake re-election fundraiser". Arizona Central.
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Jump up ^ http://thehill.com/homenews/senate/348545-sen-joni-ernst-will-headline-re-election-fundraiser-for-sen-jeff-flake
Jump up ^ Alex Isenstadt (May 1, 2017). "Romney to headline pair of fundraisers for Sen. Flake". Politico.
Jump up ^ https://nationonenews.com/2018/03/29/amb-john-bolton-withdraws-endorsement-martha-mcsally-2018-senate-election/
Jump up ^ McSally launches Senate campaign in heated Arizona contest
Jump up ^ "Maggie's List Proudly Endorses Martha McSally for U.S Senate". Maggie's List. January 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ https://winningforwomen.com/winning-women-endorses-martha-mcsally-u-s-senate-first-round-candidate-endorsements/
Jump up ^ Al Weaver (November 1, 2017). "Rand Paul becomes first senator to endorse Kelli Ward in Arizona Senate race". Washington Examiner.
Jump up ^ Dan Nowicki (January 19, 2018). "Immigration hard-liner Steve King endorses Kelli Ward in Arizona's U.S. Senate race". The Arizona Republic.
Jump up ^ "U.S. Rep. Dana Rohrabacher endorses Dr. Kelli Ward for United States Senate". Kelli Ward for US Senate. January 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ http://kelliward.com/articles/ward-for-senate-releases-growing-list-of-arizona-endorsements
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Jump up ^ Sebastian Gorka [@SebGorka] (September 27, 2017). "On it" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
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Jump up ^ Odom, Christopher (September 21, 2017). "Arizona Pilot Runs 4 Senate". Aero News Network. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "About | David Ruben for Senate". About | David Ruben for Senate. March 1, 2018.
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Jump up ^ Robillard, Kevin (September 28, 2017). "Democratic Rep. Sinema launches Arizona senate bid". Politico. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
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Jump up ^ "Jim Moss is Exiting the Race for Senator Jeff Flake's Seat". Silver Belt. Retrieved 2017-11-09.
Jump up ^ Press, Associated. "Democrat Jim Moss Drops Out Of Arizona US Senate Race". Retrieved 2017-11-09.
Jump up ^ Garcia, Eric (June 19, 2017). "Doctor who Treated Giffords Weighing Run Against Flake". Roll Call. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
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Jump up ^ Smith, Dylan (September 29, 2017). "Friese ices Senate run after Sinema announcement". Tucson Sentinel. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
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Jump up ^ "The People For Bernie Sanders". www.facebook.com. February 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Report: Rep. Kyrsten Sinema to get Schumer's support in 2018 Senate race". KTAR.com. September 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "AZ-Sen: Sen. Cory Booker (D. NJ) Helps Kyrsten Sinema (D) Defeat Convicted Felon Joe Arpaio (R)". Daily Kos. January 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Catherine Cortez Masto [@CatherineForNV] (September 30, 2017). ".@kyrstensinema grew up homeless. She knows value of hard work. Now, she wants every Arizonan to have a fair shot. I'm proud to support her!" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ "AZ-Sen: Sen. Tammy Duckworth (D. IL) Wastes No Time Helping Kyrsten Sinema (D) Flip This Seat Blue". Daily Kos. October 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "AZ, NV & TX-Sen: Sen. Dick Durbin (D. IL) Helps These Democrats In The West Flip The Senate". Daily Kos. March 29, 2018.
Jump up ^ Kirsten Gillibrand [@SenGillibrand] (October 6, 2017). "I need Kyrsten in the Senate with me fighting for our values. This is critical: Will you send her your support?" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Kamala Harris [@KamalaHarris] (January 9, 2018). "Disgraced sheriff Joe Arpaio, convicted of violating a court order to stop illegally detaining and terrorizing the Latino community, is running for U.S. Senate in Arizona. Donate to kyrstensinema, a champion for all Arizonans:" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ "AZ-Sen: Sen. Patrick Leahy (D. VT) Helps Kyrsten Sinema (D) Punish The GOP For Their Tax Scam Bill". Daily Kos. December 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "AZ & NV-Sen: Sen. Jeff Merkley (D. OR) Helps These Two Women Take Back The U.S. Senate". Daily Kos. December 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "AZ-Sen: Sen. Chris Murphy (D. CT) Wastes No Time Helping Kyrsten Sinema (D) Defeat Joe Arpaio (R)". Daily Kos. January 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ "TX, NV & AZ-Sen: Sen. Patty Murray (D. WA) Helps Democrats Make Big Gains In The West". Daily Kos. December 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "AZ-Sen: Sen. Ron Wyden (D. OR) Helps Kyrsten Sinema (D) Get Ready To Defeat Jeff Flake (R)". Daily Kos. October 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kyrsten Sinema [@KyrstenSinema] (November 6, 2017). "Grateful for your support, @RonBarberAZ" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Joseph Flaherty (November 6, 2017). "Who's Afraid of Endorsing Kyrsten Sinema?". Phoenix New Times.
Jump up ^ Kyrsten Sinema [@KyrstenSinema] (November 5, 2017). "Thank you for your support, @TomOHalleran!" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ "AZ-Sen: Rep. Joe Kennedy III (D. MA) Helps Kyrsten Sinema (D) Take Down Racist Joe Arpaio (R)". Daily Kos. February 25, 2018.
Jump up ^ Smith, Dylan (September 29, 2017). "Friese ices Senate run after Sinema announcement". Tucson Sentinel. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ Jon Favreau (speechwriter) [@jonfavs] (October 24, 2017). "Was Flake's speech brave? Not enough? Too little too late? Who really cares! What matters more is that @kyrstensinema takes his seat" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ "AZ-Sen: Jason Kander (D. MO) Helps Kyrsten Sinema (D) Prevent Sheriff Joe From Becoming Senator Joe". Daily Kos. March 28, 2018.
Jump up ^ https://twitter.com/JennyWilsonUT/status/951472015361245184
Jump up ^ "AZBTC endorses six candidates running for federal office - Arizona Building Trades". Arizona Building Trades. April 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Our Candidates - CWA Political". CWA Political.
Jump up ^ Chris Van Hollen (September 29, 2017). "DSCC Endorses Kyrsten Sinema for Senate". DSCC.
Jump up ^ "Emily's List Endorses Kyrsten Sinema for Arizona Senate". Emily's List. September 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ Tiffany Muller (October 12, 2017). "End Citizens United Endorses Kyrsten Sinema for U.S. Senate". End Citizens United.
Jump up ^ "Endorsed Candidates - Equality PAC". Equality PAC.
Jump up ^ "HRC Endorses Kyrsten Sinema for U.S. Senate". Human Rights Campaign. September 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Victory Fund Endorses Congresswoman Kyrsten Sinema in Pivotal U.S. Senate Race". Gay & Lesbian Victory Fund. November 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Sittenfeld, Tiernan (April 19, 2018). "LCV Action Fund Endorses Kyrsten Sinema for Senate - League of Conservation Voters". League of Conservation Voters.
Jump up ^ "AZ-Sen: Jason Kander Refuses To Let Notorious Racist Joe Arpaio (R) Into Another Position Of Power". Daily Kos. January 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Ricketts, Laura (February 13, 2018). "LESBIAN SUPER PAC (LPAC) ENDORSES KEY CANDIDATES IN ARIZONA, FLORIDA AND TEXAS - LPAC". LPAC.
Jump up ^ "Federal Endorsements by the NOW PAC | National Organization for Women Political Action Committees". nowpac.org. August 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Laguens, Dawn; Liggett, Jodi (April 19, 2018). "Planned Parenthood Action Fund Endorses Arizona's Kyrsten Sinema for U.S. Senate". www.plannedparenthoodaction.org.
Jump up ^ "2018 Endorsements". stonewalldemsaz.org.
Jump up ^ Ricca, Aaron (September 28, 2017). "Libertarians get the word out at Andy Devine Days Rally". The Kingman Daily Miner. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ AZGP: Candidates 2018
Jump up ^ "2018 Senate Race ratings | The Cook Political Report". The Cook Political Report. Retrieved 2018-04-08.
Jump up ^ "Senate Ratings | Inside Elections". insideelections.com. Retrieved 2018-04-08.
Jump up ^ "Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball » 2018 Senate". www.centerforpolitics.org. Retrieved 2018-04-08.
Jump up ^ "Campaign finance data". Retrieved April 23, 2018.
External links[edit]
Official campaign websites
Deedra Abboud (D) for Senate
Eve Reyes Aguirre (G) for Senate
Joe Arpaio (R) for Senate
Craig Brittain (R) for Senate
Christian "C.J." Diegel (R) for Senate
Michelle Griffin (R) for Senate
Doug Marks (L) for Senate
Martha McSally (R) for Senate
Chris Russell (D) for Senate
Kyrsten Sinema (D) for Senate
Nicolas Tutora (R) for Senate
Kelli Ward (R) for Senate
[show]
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[show]
v
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Elections in Arizona
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See also: Political party strength in Arizona
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_Senate_election_in_Arizona,_2018&oldid=838487486"
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Spanish moss
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Spanish moss
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Monocots
(unranked): Commelinids
Order: Bromeliales
Family: Bromeliaceae
Genus: Tillandsia
Subgenus: Diaphoranthema
Species: T. usneoides
Binomial name
Tillandsia usneoides
(L.) L., 1762[1]
Synonyms[2]
Renealmia usneoides L.
Dendropogon usneoides (L.) Raf.
Strepsia usneoides (L.) Nutt. ex Steud.
Tillandsia trichoides Kunth
Tillandsia filiformis Lodd. ex Schult. & Schult.f.
Tillandsia crinita Willd. ex Beer
Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) is an epiphytic flowering plant that often grows upon larger trees in tropical and subtropical climates, native to much of Mexico, Bermuda, the Bahamas, Central America, South America, the southern United States, and the West Indies as well as being naturalized in Queensland (Australia) known as "grandpas beard" and in French Polynesia.[2] In the United States from where it is most known, it is commonly found on the southern live oak (Quercus virginiana) and bald-cypress (Taxodium distichum) in the lowlands, swamps, and savannas of the southeastern United States from Texas and Florida north through southern Arkansas.[3][4]
This plant's specific name usneoides means "resembling Usnea", and it indeed superficially resembles its namesake Usnea, also known as beard lichen, but in fact Spanish moss is neither a moss nor a lichen. Instead, it is a flowering plant (angiosperm) in the family Bromeliaceae (the bromeliads) which grows hanging from tree branches in full sun through partial shade. Formerly this plant has been placed in the genera Anoplophytum, Caraguata, and Renealmia.[5] The northern limit of its natural range is Northampton County,[6] Virginia, with unsubstantiated colonial-era reports in southern Maryland where no populations are now known to be extant. The primary range is in the southeastern United States (including Puerto Rico), through Argentina, growing where the climate is warm enough and has a relatively high average humidity. It has been introduced to similar locations around the world, including Hawaii and Australia.
Contents
[hide]
1 Description
2 Ecology
3 Culture and folklore
4 Human uses
5 Cultivars
6 Hybrids
7 References
8 External links
Description[edit]
The plant consists of one or more slender stems bearing alternate thin, curved or curly, heavily scaled leaves 2–6 cm (0.8–2.4 in) long and 1 mm (0.04 in) broad, that grow vegetatively in chain-like fashion (pendant), forming hanging structures up to 6 m (240 in)[7] in length. The plant has no aerial roots[7] and its brown, green, or yellow flowers are tiny and inconspicuous. It propagates both by seed and vegetatively by fragments that blow on the wind and stick to tree limbs, or are carried by birds as nesting material.
Ecology[edit]
Close-up of Spanish moss
Spanish-moss is an epiphyte which absorbs nutrients and water through its leaves from the air and rainfall.
While it rarely kills the tree upon which it grows, it can occasionally become so thick that it shades the tree's leaves and lowers its growth rate.[7]
In the southern U.S., the plant seems to show a preference for growth on southern live oak (Quercus virginiana) and bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) because of these trees' high rates of foliar mineral leaching (calcium, magnesium, potassium, and phosphorus) providing an abundant supply of nutrients to the plant,[8] but it can also colonize other tree species such as sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), crepe-myrtles (Lagerstroemia spp.), other oaks, and even pines.
Spanish-moss shelters a number of creatures, including rat snakes and three species of bats. One species of jumping spider, Pelegrina tillandsiae, has been found only on Spanish-moss.[9] Chiggers, though widely assumed to infest Spanish-moss, were not present among thousands of other arthropods identified in one study.[10]
Culture and folklore[edit]
Spanish-moss with open seed capsule in Santee National Wildlife Refuge, South Carolina.
Due to its propensity for growing in subtropical humid southern locales like Georgia, South Carolina, Louisiana, Mississippi, Florida, North Carolina, extreme southern Virginia, east and south Texas, and Alabama, the plant is often associated with Southern Gothic imagery and Deep South culture.
One story of the origin on Spanish moss is called "The Meanest Man Who Ever Lived". The man's white hair grew very long and got caught on trees.[11]
Spanish moss was introduced to Hawaii in the 19th century, and became a popular ornamental and lei plant.[12] On Hawai'i it is often called "Pele's hair" after Pele the Hawaiian goddess. The term "Pele's hair" is also used to refer to a type of filamentous volcanic glass.
Human uses[edit]
Spanish-moss under 20x magnification, showing scale-like trichomes.
Spanish-moss has been used for various purposes, including building insulation, mulch, packing material, mattress stuffing, and fiber. In the early 1900s it was used commercially in the padding of car seats.[13] In 1939 over 10,000 tons of processed Spanish-moss was produced.[14] It is still collected today in smaller quantities for use in arts and crafts, or for beddings for flower gardens, and as an ingredient in the traditional wall covering material bousillage. In some parts of Latin America and Louisiana Spanish moss is used in Nativity scenes.
In the desert regions of the southwestern United States, dried Spanish-moss plants are used in the manufacture of evaporative coolers, colloquially known as swamp coolers (and in some areas as "desert coolers"). These are used to cool homes and offices much less expensively than using air conditioners. A pump squirts water onto a pad made of Spanish-moss plants. A fan then pulls air through the pad and into the building. Evaporation of the water on the pads serves to reduce the air temperature, thus cooling the building.[15]
Cultivars[edit]
Tillandsia 'Maurice's Robusta'[16]
Tillandsia 'Munro's Filiformis'[17]
Tillandsia 'Odin's Genuina'[18]
Tillandsia 'Spanish Gold'[19]
Tillandsia 'Tight and Curly'[20]
Hybrids[edit]
Tillandsia 'Nezley' (Tillandsia usneoides × mallemontii)[21]
Tillandsia 'Kimberly' (Tillandsia usneoides × recurvata)[22]
Tillandsia 'Old Man's Gold' (Tillandsia crocata × usneoides)[23]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Tillandsia usneoides". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2009-12-08.
^ Jump up to: a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Tillandsia usneoides
Jump up ^ Luther, Harry E.; Brown, Gregory K. "Tillandsia usneoides ". Flora of North America (FNA). Missouri Botanical Garden. 22 – via eFloras.org.
Jump up ^ "Tillandsia usneoides". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2013.
Jump up ^ "Tillandsia". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Jump up ^ Times-Dispatch, REX SPRINGSTON Richmond. "Virginia scientists search for northernmost realm of Spanish moss". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Retrieved 2017-10-26.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Tillandsia usneoides". Floridata Plant Encyclopedia.
Jump up ^ Schlesinger, William H.; Marks, P. L. (1977). "Mineral Cycling and the Niche of Spanish Moss, Tillandsia usneoides L.". American Journal of Botany. 64 (10): 1254–1262. JSTOR 2442489. doi:10.2307/2442489.
Jump up ^ Wildlife, State of Texas, Parks and. "Flora Fact:| Spanish Moss Serves as Nature’s Draperies". www.tpwmagazine.com. Retrieved 2017-10-26.
Jump up ^ Whitaker Jr., J; Ruckdeschel, C. (2010). "Spanish Moss, the Unfinished Chigger Story". Southeastern Naturalist. 9 (1): 85–94. doi:10.1656/058.009.0107.
Jump up ^ Friedman, Amy; Johnson, Meredith (May 28, 2017). "The Meanest Man Who Ever Lived (An American Folktale)". Uexpress. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Nā Lei o Hawai`i - Types of Lei".
Jump up ^ "Hair From Trees....Spanish-moss is new upholstering material". Popular Science. June 1937.
Jump up ^ Adams, Dennis. Spanish Moss: Its Nature, History and Uses. Beaufort County Library, SC.
Jump up ^ Gutenberg, Arthur William (1955). The Economics of the Evaporative Cooler Industry in the Southwestern United States. Stanford University Graduate School of Business. p. 167.
Jump up ^ Bromeliad Cultivar Registry: Tillandsia 'Maurice's Robusta'
Jump up ^ Bromeliad Cultivar Registry: Tillandsia 'Munro's Filiformis'
Jump up ^ Bromeliad Cultivar Registry: Tillandsia 'Odin's Genuina'
Jump up ^ Bromeliad Cultivar Registry: Tillandsia 'Spanish Gold'
Jump up ^ Bromeliad Cultivar Registry: Tillandsia 'Tight and Curly'
Jump up ^ Bromeliad Cultivar Registry: Tillandsia 'Nezley'
Jump up ^ Bromeliad Cultivar Registry: Tillandsia 'Kimberly'
Jump up ^ Bromeliad Cultivar Registry: Tillandsia 'Old Man's Gold'
Mabberley, D.J. 1987. The Plant Book. A Portable Dictionary of the Higher Plants. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN 0-521-34060-8.
Tillandsia usneoides (Taxonomic Serial No.: 42371), Integrated Taxonomic Information System
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Tillandsia usneoides (category)
United States Department of Agriculture Plants Profile for Tillandsia usneoides (Spanish moss)
Spanish Moss: Its History, Nature and Uses -- Beaufort County Library
Florida Forest Plants
Florida Spanish Moss: Theory - Does Spanish Moss kill trees?
Taxon identifiers
Wd: Q311524
EoL: 355461
FNA: 222000404
GBIF: 2695149
GRIN: 310398
iNaturalist: 49569
IPNI: 1169665-2
ITIS: 42371
NCBI: 49541
Plant List: kew-269929
PLANTS: TIUS
Tropicos: 4300586
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spanish_moss&oldid=807135363"
Categories:
Tillandsia
Plants described in 1762
Bromeliaceae species
Epiphytes
Flora of the Caribbean
Flora of Central America
Flora of Mexico
Flora of South America
Flora of the Southeastern United States
Flora of the South-Central United States
Flora of the Bahamas
Flora of Bermuda
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text:
Manhattan Center for Science and Mathematics
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Coordinates: 40°47′39″N 73°55′59″W / 40.79417°N 73.93306°W / 40.79417; -73.93306
Manhattan Center for Science and Mathematics
Eastern side
Address
280 Pleasant Avenue
New York, NY 10029
United States
Information
Type
Public, Secondary
Established
1982
School district
4
Oversight
NYC DOE
Principal
David Jimenez (2007)
Grades
9-12
Number of students
1656
Color(s)
Blue and White
Mascot
Ram
Website
http://www.mcsm.net
Wartime first aid class, when this was Benjamin Franklin High
Manhattan Center for Science and Mathematics (abbreviated as MCSM) is a public high school in New York City, at East 116th Street between Pleasant Avenue and FDR Drive in the East Harlem neighborhood in the northeastern part of the borough of Manhattan.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Description
3 Notable alumni
4 References
5 External links
History[edit]
The precursor of MCSM in the same building, Benjamin Franklin High School opened in 1943 and was sited at 200 Pleasant Avenue, between 114th Street and 116th Street.[1] A long-time principal there was pioneering educational theorist Leonard Covello, the city's first Italian-American principal.[2] Frank Sinatra sang "Aren't You Glad You're You," to quell racial tensions after a riot between African-American and Italian-American students. Future jazz saxophonist Sonny Rollins said that the concert changed his life.[1]
The New York City Board of Education shuttered the school in June 1982 for performance issues and converted the building into a four-year high school, the Manhattan Center for Science and Mathematics,[3] and a grade 6-8 middle school, the Isaac Newton Middle School for Math and Science, effective September 1982. It later was renamed Manhattan Center is a four-year high school which provides students with a rigorous curriculum that emphasizes mathematics and science.
Description[edit]
Like all New York City high schools, admission is by application. Admission priority for Manhattan Center is given first to students attending the Isaac Newton Junior High School, which shares the campus with Manhattan Center; second to students residing in District 4; and then to other residents citywide.
The academic performance of this school is extremely high, as measured by New York State Regents Examinations scores, scholarship rates and a 95% graduation rate. MCSM is consistently one of the highest performing schools in the State of New York. In 2007, David Jimenez became the Principal. In 2009, MCSM graduated 97% of its students.[citation needed] Students graduating from Manhattan Center have attended top-notch colleges, including Ivy League colleges.
The curriculum includes Advanced Placement courses and special programs, and research and internship opportunities.[4] The school offers AP World History, AP US History, AP English Language and Composition, AP English Language and Literature, AP Calculus AB, AP Calculus BC, AP Physics B, AP Physics C, AP Biology, AP Chemistry, AP Statistics, AP Computer Science and AP Spanish Language and Literature. There are several honors and accelerated courses.
Manhattan Center partners with institutions of higher education, such as New York University, Columbia University, Cornell and CUNY, to offer courses in science, mathematics and humanities. Through these partnerships and Mount Sinai Hospital, Metropolitan Hospital Center, General Electric, Sponsors for Educational Opportunity, American Globe Theatre, and Manhattan Theatre Club there is a wide range of opportunities for one-on-one mentoring, internship experiences, academic enrichment and summer programs. They also provide support services, and a variety of sports, clubs and leadership activities for students.
Notable alumni[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Franklin High:
Richie Adams (1981)
Walter Berry (1982)
Pedro Espada, Jr. (1971)
Elmo Hope (late 1930s)
Floyd Layne
Daniel Patrick Moynihan (1944)
Sonny Rollins (1947)
Gary Springer (1980)
Isaac Walthour (1949)
Richie Parker
MCSM:
Sanaa Lathan
Cam'ron
Damon Dash
Mase
Mekhi Phifer
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Megan Abott, "Where Lupo the Wolf Goes for Dinner", The New York Times February 1, 2012,
Jump up ^ "Place Matters: A Joint Project of City Lore and the Municipal Arts Society"
Jump up ^ "A failed high school preparing for renewal", The New York Times, July 11, 1982
Jump up ^ NYC DOE school statistics and description.
East Harlem school in first graduation - sees dream come alive
External links[edit]
Official website
Inside Schools – H.S. 435 Manhattan Center for Science and Mathematics
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manhattan_Center_for_Science_and_Mathematics&oldid=836799981"
Categories:
Public high schools in Manhattan
Science and technology in New York (state)
1934 establishments in New York (state)
1982 establishments in New York (state)
Educational institutions established in 1934
Educational institutions disestablished in 1982
Educational institutions established in 1982
East Harlem
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New York Heart Association Functional Classification
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification[1] provides a simple way of classifying the extent of heart failure. It places patients in one of four categories based on how much they are limited during physical activity; the limitations/symptoms are in regard to normal breathing and varying degrees in shortness of breath and/or angina.
It originated in 1902,[2] when no measurements of cardiac function were possible, to provide a common language for physicians to communicate. Despite difficulties in applying it, such as the challenge of consistently classifying patients in class II or III,[3] because functional capacity is such a powerful determinant of outcome it remains arguably the most important prognostic marker in routine clinical use in heart failure today.
NYHA Class
Symptoms
I Cardiac disease, but no symptoms and no limitation in ordinary physical activity, e.g. no shortness of breath when walking, climbing stairs etc.
II Mild symptoms (mild shortness of breath and/or angina) and slight limitation during ordinary activity.
III Marked limitation in activity due to symptoms, even during less-than-ordinary activity, e.g. walking short distances (20–100 m).
Comfortable only at rest.
IV Severe limitations. Experiences symptoms even while at rest. Mostly bedbound patients.
Another frequently used functional classification of cardiovascular disease is the Canadian Cardiovascular Society grading of angina pectoris.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ The Criteria Committee of the New York Heart Association. (1994). Nomenclature and Criteria for Diagnosis of Diseases of the Heart and Great Vessels (9th ed.). Boston: Little, Brown & Co. pp. 253–256.
Jump up ^ "Classification of Functional Capacity and Objective Assessment". Retrieved 27 October 2013.
Jump up ^ Raphael C, Briscoe C, Davies J, Ian Whinnett Z, Manisty C, Sutton R, Mayet J, Francis DP (April 2007). "Limitations of the New York Heart Association functional classification system and self-reported walking distances in chronic heart failure". Heart (British Cardiac Society). 93 (4): 476–82. doi:10.1136/hrt.2006.089656. PMC 1861501  . PMID 17005715.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_York_Heart_Association_Functional_Classification&oldid=756464505"
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This page was last edited on 24 December 2016, at 11:55.
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