text:
Fred Ott's Sneeze
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Fred Ott's Sneeze
Directed by
William K.L. Dickson
Produced by
William K.L. Dickson
Starring
Fred Ott
Distributed by
Edison Manufacturing Company
Release date
January 9, 1894 (1894-01-09)
Running time
5 seconds
Country
United States
Language
Silent
Fred Ott's Sneeze (also known as Edison Kinetoscopic Record of a Sneeze) is an 1894 American, short, black-and-white, silent documentary film shot by William K.L. Dickson and starring Fred Ott. It was the first motion picture to be copyrighted in the United States.[1]
In the five-second film one of Thomas Edison's assistants, Fred Ott, takes a pinch of snuff and sneezes. According to the Library of Congress, "It was filmed for publicity purposes as a series of still photographs to accompany an article in Harper's Weekly."[2]
In 2015, the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry, finding it "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Production
2 Current status
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Production[edit]
The film was produced by the Edison Manufacturing Company, which had begun making films in 1890 under the direction of Dickson, one of the earliest film pioneers. It was filmed within the Black Maria studio at West Orange, New Jersey, in the USA, which was U.S. first movie studio. It was filmed between January 2, 1894 and January 7, 1894[2] and was displayed, at the time, through the means of a Kinetoscope.
Current status[edit]
45 paper prints made from individual frames of the film.
As a film produced prior to 1923, its copyright has now expired and the work is in the public domain. Originally, the film was submitted to the Library of Congress as a "paper print" (a photographic record of each frame of the film) for copyright purposes. A digital copy is now kept by the Library of Congress and can be viewed on their American Memory website.[2] This short film has been featured at The 30th Annual Academy Awards, and was included as part of the TV documentary. The First 100 Years: A Celebration of American Movies[4]
See also[edit]
1894 in film
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "A Sneeze Caught on Film". American Treasures of the Library of Congress. Retrieved 2007-03-17.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Library of Congress American Memory". Retrieved 2007-03-17.
Jump up ^ Mike Barnes (December 16, 2015). "'Ghostbusters,' 'Top Gun,' 'Shawshank' Enter National Film Registry". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Internet Movie Database Movie Connections". Retrieved 2007-03-17.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fred Ott's Sneeze.
Library of Congress
Video of Fred Ott's Sneeze YouTube
Fred Ott's Sneeze on IMDb
Fred Ott's Sneeze at AllMovie
Evina, Frank (October 2004). "Copyright Lore" (PDF). Copyright Notices. U.S. Copyright Office. Retrieved June 6, 2011.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fred_Ott%27s_Sneeze&oldid=817574596"
Categories:
1894 films
American films
American documentary films
American black-and-white films
American silent short films
Thomas Edison
Films directed by William Kennedy Dickson
Films shot in New Jersey
1890s documentary films
Black-and-white documentary films
United States National Film Registry films
Edison Manufacturing Company films
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What the World Needs Now Is Love
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the song. For the Wynonna Judd album, see What the World Needs Now Is Love (album). For the Glee episode, see What the World Needs Now (Glee). For the Stan Getz album, see What the World Needs Now: Stan Getz Plays Burt Bacharach and Hal David.
"What the World Needs Now Is Love"
Single by Jackie DeShannon
from the album This Is Jackie DeShannon
B-side
"I Remember the Boy"
Released
April 15, 1965
Genre
Folk rock, jazz, soul
Length
3:10
Label
Imperial Records
Songwriter(s)
Hal David, Burt Bacharach
Producer(s)
Burt Bacharach
Jackie DeShannon singles chronology
"When You Walk in the Room"
(1964) "What the World Needs Now Is Love"
(1965) "A Lifetime of Loneliness"
(1965)
"When You Walk in the Room"
(1964) "What the World Needs Now Is Love"
(1965) "A Lifetime of Loneliness"
(1965)
"What the World Needs Now Is Love" is a 1965 popular song with lyrics by Hal David and music composed by Burt Bacharach. First recorded and made popular by Jackie DeShannon, it was released on April 15, 1965, on the Imperial label after a release on sister label Liberty records the previous month was canceled. It peaked at number seven on the US Hot 100 in July of that year.[1] In Canada, the song reached number one.
Contents
[hide]
1 Recording history
1.1 Other notable covers
2 Tom Clay version
3 In popular culture
4 Quotation
5 References
6 Bibliography
7 External links
Recording history[edit]
The song was originally offered to Dionne Warwick, who turned it down at the time,[2] though she later recorded it for her album Here Where There Is Love. (Warwick also recorded a second version in 1996, which scraped the lower reaches of the US Hot 100.) Bacharach initially did not believe in the song, and was reluctant to play it for DeShannon.[3] DeShannon's version was recorded on March 23, 1965, at New York's Bell Sound studios.[4] Bacharach arranged, conducted and produced the session.
In 1966, The Supremes recorded the song for their album Reflections.
In 2011, Ronan Keating recorded the song for his album When Ronan Met Burt.
Kree Harrison, in 2013, made a cover of the song in the 12th season of American Idol. The studio version was recorded by Idol Studio Recordings.
On June 15, 2016, the song was recorded by Broadway for Orlando, with all proceeds going to the victims of the Orlando nightclub shooting.[5]
On Dec. 22, 2016 the Mighty Mighty Bosstones announced the upcoming release of their version of the song
On Mar. 24, 2017 it was re-recorded by Hans Zimmer, Steve Mazzaro & Missi Hale for the movie The Boss Baby.
Other notable covers[edit]
"What the World Needs Now Is Love" has been recorded or performed live by over 100 artists, including:
Ed Ames
Rick Astley
Cilla Black
Tom Clay
Coldplay
Jad Fair with Daniel Johnston
Judy Garland
Rigmor Gustafsson
Stacey Kent
Barry Manilow
Aimee Mann
Johnny Mathis
Mr. Bungle
My Morning Jacket
Andrea Ross
Merrilee Rush
The Chambers Brothers
The Staple Singers
The Young Americans
Carla Thomas
McCoy Tyner
Steve Tyrell
Luther Vandross
Zwan
Tom Clay version[edit]
"What the World Needs Now Is Love/Abraham, Martin and John"
Single by Tom Clay
from the album What the World Needs Now Is Love
B-side
"The Victors"
Released
July 1971
Format
Vinyl record
Recorded
Early 1971
Genre
Pop, spoken word
Length
6:10
Label
Motown (MoWest MW5002F)
Songwriter(s)
Hal David, Burt Bacharach
Producer(s)
Tom Clay
Tom Clay singles chronology
"What the World Needs Now Is Love/Abraham, Martin and John"
(1971) "Whatever Happened to Love"
(1971)
"What the World Needs Is Love/Abraham, Martin and John"
(1971) "Whatever Happened to Love"
(1971)
In addition to the DeShannon hit recording and the numerous cover versions, "What the World Needs Now is Love" served as the basis for a distinctive 1971 remix.
Disc jockey Tom Clay was working at radio station KGBS in Los Angeles, California, when he created the single "What the World Needs Now is Love/Abraham, Martin and John", a social commentary that became a surprise hit record that summer.[6]
The song begins with a man asking a young boy to define such words as bigotry, segregation, and hatred (to which the boy says he doesn't know); he says that prejudice is "when someone's sick". Following that is a soundbite of a drill sergeant leading a platoon into training, along with gunfire sound effects, after which are snippets of the two songs – both as recorded by The Blackberries, a session recording group.[7] Interspersed are excerpts of speeches by John F. Kennedy, Robert F. Kennedy, the eulogy (given by Ted Kennedy) after Robert's assassination, and Martin Luther King, Jr., and soundbites of news coverage of each one's assassination. The ending of the song is a reprise of the introduction.
"What the World Needs Now is Love/Abraham, Martin and John" rose to No. 8 on the Billboard Hot 100 in August 1971, and was Clay's only Top 40 hit.[8]
In popular culture[edit]
"What the World Needs Now is Love" has been used in many film soundtracks, notably Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice and For the Love of Fred (used as the film's closing theme song in both), Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery, My Best Friend's Wedding, Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason, Hot Shots!, Happy Gilmore, and Forrest Gump. In the Danish zodiac porn comedy I Jomfruens tegn (1973), an extended version is used for the hardcore underwater orgy that ends the film.[9]
In April 1968, Cilla Black released a rendition of the song on her third studio album Sher-oo! which was a Top 10 hit on the UK album chart.
In June 1968, following the shooting of Robert Kennedy but before he died (approximately 26 hours), the Jackie DeShannon version was played over and over on Los Angeles radio stations as an audio vigil. This also continued for a few days following his death.
The first few notes of the song have also been used as a toteboard cue for the annual Jerry Lewis MDA Telethon.
A recording by Des O'Connor featured in episode #3.1 ("The Early Birds") of The Good Life.
A shortened version of the title is used in a biography of Burt Bacharach and Hal David by Robin Platts.
It was featured in the fourth season of Beverly Hills, 90210, in the episode "Twenty Years Ago Today".
In the Philippines, it was also used as the theme song of an event dubbed as Close-Up Lovapalooza to break the record of most people kissing simultaneously in 10 seconds to celebrate Valentine's Day.
Jessica Mauboy sang "What the World Needs Now Is Love" on Australian Idol in 2006.
American experimental band Mr. Bungle covered the song live at least twice in 2000.
Alec Baldwin sang a part of the song in the episode "Somebody to Love" of 30 Rock while playing a piano, as his soon to be lover CC walked down the stairs at the party which they met.
It was a top 5 song in American Idol season 2 in 2003.
Two versions of the song, one performed by Burt Bacharach himself, were played near the end of the film Austin Powers in Goldmember.
The song was covered by Jad Fair and Daniel Johnston on the album It's Spooky, with revised lyrics, referencing crack houses and Satanism.
Andy Fletcher of Depeche Mode used to play it as the last song for his DJ sets in 2004.
The song was used as the unofficial theme tune of the improvised BBC One drama series True Love (TV series), being played at the beginning of the episode, and at the end when the credits rolled.
In 2010, Connecticut musician Michael Occhionero used the song during the fade out of his song "Hey! Mr.", which includes samples of "Paperback Writer" and "Mr. Tambourine Man".
In 2013 Australia's Got Talent R&B soul singer Leon Lee performed his rendition of the song which received a lot of praises from all judges on the show.
On July 7, 2014, SiriusXM's Ron and Fez show opened with the cast singing the song in a sarcastic manner to support recently fired co-worker, Anthony Cumia who was terminated on allegations of racism.[10]
The cast of Glee covered the song in the sixth episode of their sixth season, "What The World Needs Now". They serenaded characters Santana and Brittany in an attempt to support their upcoming wedding.
Pop Idol winner Will Young covered the song in late 2015 as part of a World Wildlife Foundation Awareness campaign.
On July 27, 2016, an all-star ensemble of Broadway vocalists performed the song at the 2016 Democratic National Convention, as a protest against gun violence.
On March 24, 2017, the song was added and recorded by Missi Hale for the film The Boss Baby.
Quotation[edit]
The song contains the memorable lines:
"What the world needs now is love, sweet love
It's the only thing that there's just too little of..".
The song builds upon the theme of "Stowaway in the Sky", composed in 1960 by Jean Prodromidès for the film of the same title.[11]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits: Eighth Edition. Record Research. p. 174.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-11-30. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
Jump up ^ Burt Bacharach interviewed on the Pop Chronicles (1969)
Jump up ^ Are You Ready For This reissue liner notes
Jump up ^ "Broadway For Orlando — Broadway Records". Broadwayrecords.com. 2016-07-25. Retrieved 2016-09-29.
Jump up ^ Andrew Hamilton. "Tom Clay | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved 2016-09-29.
Jump up ^ "Answers.com – Tom Clay". Answers.com. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel, Top Pop Singles: 1955–2006, 2007.
Jump up ^ "I JOMFRUENS TEGN : Review". Uncut.dk. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "Ron & Fez: Ron Briefly Discusses Anthony's Firing (07/07/14)". YouTube. Retrieved 2016-09-29.
Jump up ^ ""Stowaway in the Sky", by Jean Prodromidès, arranged by Nelson Riddle". YouTube. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
Bibliography[edit]
Platts, Robin (2003) Burt Bacharach & Hal David: What the World Needs Now, Collector's Guide Publishing, ISBN 1-896522-77-7
External links[edit]
Hal David Recollections. Accessed June 2007.
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Songfacts Accessed July 2008
Jackie de Shannon Discography, Accessed July 2008
[hide]
v
t
e
Burt Bacharach
Albums
Hit Maker!: Burt Bacharach plays the Burt Bacharach Hits
Woman
Painted from Memory (with Elvis Costello)
At This Time
Film scores
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After the Fox
Casino Royale
Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid
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"Back at You"
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"God Give Me Strength"
"Heartlight "
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"I Just Don't Know What to Do with Myself"
"I Say a Little Prayer"
"I Want You"
"I'll Never Fall in Love Again"
"Living Together, Growing Together"
"Long Ago Tomorrow"
"The Look of Love"
"Love Power"
"Magic Moments"
"Make It Easy on Yourself"
"Making Love"
"Message to Michael"
"My Little Red Book"
N-Z
"On My Own"
"One Less Bell to Answer"
"Only Love Can Break a Heart"
"Please Stay"
"Rain on Me"
"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"
"Reach Out for Me"
"Slow Jamz"
"The Story of My Life"
"That's What Friends Are For"
"(There's) Always Something There to Remind Me"
"(They Long to Be) Close to You"
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"Tower of Strength"
"Trains and Boats and Planes"
"Turkey Lurkey Time"
"Twenty Four Hours from Tulsa"
"Walk On By"
"What the World Needs Now Is Love"
"What's New Pussycat?"
"The Windows of the World"
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"Wives and Lovers"
Tribute albums
Connie Francis Sings Bacharach & David
Sings the Music of Bacharach & Kaempfert
Four Bacharach & David Songs
One Amazing Night
To Hal and Bacharach
Back to Bacharach
When Ronan Met Burt (also produced by Bacharach)
Related articles
Back to Bacharach and David
Hal David
The Look of Love (musical)
Promises, Promises (musical)
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Categories:
Rick Astley songs
Songs with music by Burt Bacharach
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Different Drum
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the song written by Michael Nesmith. For the Linda Ronstadt album, see Different Drum (album). For the record label, see A Different Drum.
"Different Drum"
Single by The Stone Poneys featuring Linda Ronstadt
from the album Evergreen, Volume 2
B-side
"I've Got to Know"
Released
September 1967
Format
7" single
Genre
Baroque rock[1]
Length
2:45
Label
Capitol
Songwriter(s)
Mike Nesmith
Producer(s)
Nick Venet
The Stone Poneys featuring Linda Ronstadt singles chronology
"One for One"
(1967) "Different Drum"
(1967) "Up to My Neck in High Muddy Water"
(1968)
"One for One"
(1967) "Different Drum"
(1967) "Up to My Neck in High Muddy Water"
(1968)
"Different Drum" is a song written by Mike Nesmith in 1965 and originally recorded by the northern bluegrass band the Greenbriar Boys and included on their 1966 album, Better Late than Never!.
The song first became popular in 1967 when recorded by the Stone Poneys featuring Linda Ronstadt, who took their version of "Different Drum" to #12 on the Cash Box Top 100, #13 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, and #16 in Record World magazine. The song did best in New Zealand, where it reached #5.[2] In 1972, Nesmith recorded his own version of his song. "Different Drum" has since been covered by other artists over the years.
Contents
[hide]
1 Mike Nesmith version
2 The Stone Poneys version
3 Chart history
3.1 Weekly charts
3.2 Year-end charts
4 Other versions
5 References
6 External links
Mike Nesmith version[edit]
The song reached a wider audience when Mike Nesmith rushed through a version of it in a comedy bit while pretending to be Billy Roy Hodstetter, in the Monkees television show episode "Too Many Girls", which aired in December 1966. Davy Jones mentions this during the commentary track on some DVDs of this episode.[3]
The song tells of a pair of lovers, one of who wants to settle down, while the other wants to retain a sense of freedom and independence. Its narrator is the lover who wants to remain free, telling the other that "we'll both live a lot longer" if they part ways now.
Nesmith later rerecorded the song for his 1972 LP And the Hits Just Keep on Comin'. His version contains four verses, as opposed to the three in Ronstadt's version.
The Stone Poneys version[edit]
The song is best known for the 1967 version credited to the Stone Poneys[4] featuring a vocal performance by a young and up-and-coming singer named Linda Ronstadt. The song was Ronstadt's first hit single, reaching number 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 as well as number 12 on the Cash Box magazine singles chart. (It went to number 1 in the Los Angeles market and number 6 in Detroit.) [5] Ronstadt's version flips the gender references in Nesmith's original lyrics, replacing "girl" with "boy" when describing her lover, but still referring to him being "pretty". The Stone Poneys had initially intended to record an "acoustic ballad version" of the song, but producer Nick Venet opted for a more complex instrumental approach, using an arrangement by Jimmy Bond (who also played bass), guitarist Al Viola, drummer Jim Gordon, strings led by Sid Sharp, and harpsichord played in baroque style (and largely improvised during the recording) by Don Randi. As a result, Ronstadt was the only member of the Stone Poneys who actually performed on the record. The album rendition offers a different stereo mix than the hit single, including a longer harpsichord bridge. [6] Ronstadt later commented that she had been surprised and "completely confused" by the changed approach to the song, and that even years later she perceived "fear and a lack of confidence" in her performance. Nesmith, on the other hand, said that Ronstadt's performance of his song "infused it with a new level of passion and sensuality".[6] In later live performances of the song, Nesmith would often sing the closing verse in the same singing style as the Ronstadt version.
Chart history[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1967-68)
Peak
position
Australia (Go-Set)[7] 9
Canada RPM Top Singles[8] 18
New Zealand (Listener)[9] 5
US Billboard Hot 100[10] 13
US Cash Box Top 100[11] 12
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1968)
Rank
Australia [12] 39
US (Joel Whitburn's Pop Annual)[13] 110
Other versions[edit]
The song has been covered by many artists.
The Poppy Family with Susan Jacks
Pete Burns
Flying Emus
Susanna Hoffs with Matthew Sweet
The Jayhawks
The Lemonheads
Me First and the Gimme Gimmes
The Pastels
Victoria Shaw
Sara Watkins
Paul Westerberg
P.P. Arnold
Gina Jeffreys
La Sera
The Lennon Sisters
Skeeter Davis
Carrie Underwood
Sarah White
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Gendron, Bernard (2002). Between Montmartre and the Mudd Club: Popular Music and the Avant-Garde. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-28737-9.
Jump up ^ Flavour of New Zealand, 15 March 1968
Jump up ^ "Too Many Girls". The Monkees. Season 1. Episode 15. 1966-12-19. NBC.
Jump up ^ Show 44 - Revolt of the Fat Angel: Some samples of the Los Angeles sound. [Part 4] : UNT Digital Library
Jump up ^ CMT.com : Linda Ronstadt : Biography
^ Jump up to: a b Marc Myers, "Linda Ronstadt's 'Different Drum': She and songwriter Michael Nesmith talk about her first hit", The Wall Street Journal, October 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ Go-Set National Top 40, 21 February 1968
Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved 2017-05-15.
Jump up ^ Flavour of New Zealand, 15 March 1968
Jump up ^ Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles 1955-1990 - ISBN 0-89820-089-X
Jump up ^ Cash Box Top 100 Singles, February 3, 1968
Jump up ^ "Go-Set Magazine Charts". www.poparchives.com.au. Barry McKay. January 2007. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (1999). Pop Annual. Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin: Record Research Inc. ISBN 0-89820-142-X.
External links[edit]
Linda Ronstadt and The Stone Poneys Alternate take on Different Drum
[show]
v
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e
Linda Ronstadt
Stone Poneys albums
The Stone Poneys featuring Linda Ronstadt
Evergreen, Volume 2
Linda Ronstadt, Stone Poneys and Friends, Vol. III
Studio albums
Hand Sown ... Home Grown
Silk Purse
Linda Ronstadt
Don't Cry Now
Heart Like a Wheel
Prisoner in Disguise
Hasten Down the Wind
Simple Dreams
Living in the USA
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Get Closer
What's New
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We Ran
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"Blue Bayou"
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"Back in the U.S.A."
"Ooh Baby Baby"
"Just One Look"
"Alison"
"How Do I Make You"
"Hurt So Bad"
"I Can't Let Go"
"I Knew You When"
"What's New?"
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"Don't Know Much"
"All My Life"
"When Something Is Wrong With My Baby"
"Walk On"
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Discography
Mr. Plow
Book
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v
t
e
The Lemonheads
Evan Dando
Vess Ruhtenberg
Devon Ashley
Ben Deily
Corey Loog Brennan
John Strohm
Doug Trachten
Jesse Peretz
Juliana Hatfield
Nic Dalton
Dave Ryan
Patrick Murphy
Karl Alvarez
Bill Stevenson
P. David Hazel
Studio albums
Hate Your Friends (1987)
Creator (1988)
Lick (1989)
Lovey (1990)
It's a Shame About Ray (1992)
Come on Feel the Lemonheads (1993)
Car Button Cloth (1996)
The Lemonheads (2006)
Varshons (2009)
EPs and compilations
Favourite Spanish Dishes (1990)
The Best of the Lemonheads: The Atlantic Years (1998)
Singles
"Luka"
"Different Drum"
"Gonna Get Along Without Ya Now"
"Mrs. Robinson/Being Around"
"Into Your Arms"
Related articles
Discography
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text:
Legal status of tattooing in the United States
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
In the United States, there is no federal law regulating the practice of tattooing. However, all 50 states and the District of Columbia have statutory laws requiring a person receiving a tattoo be 18 years of age or older. This is partially based on the legal principle that a minor cannot enter into a legal contract or otherwise render informed consent for a procedure. Most states permit a person under the age of 18 to receive a tattoo with permission of a parent or guardian, but some states outright prohibit tattooing under a certain age regardless of permission, with the exception of medical necessity (such as markings placed for radiation therapy).
In all jurisdictions, individual tattooists may also choose to place additional restrictions based on their own moral feelings, such as refusing any clients under a specific age even with parental consent despite it being legal, or limiting the type and/or location of where they are willing to tattoo (such as refusing any work around intimate parts of the body). They may additionally refuse to perform specific artwork, including if they merely find it inappropriate or offensive, or refuse to work on a client that they suspect may be intoxicated. Artists sometimes claim their personal business restrictions are a matter of law even when it is not true, so as to avoid arguments with clients.
Legal Restrictions on Tattooing & Body Modification by State
State
Minimum Age (with parent/guardian consent)
Form of Parent/Guardian Consent
Notes & Exceptions
Intoxicated/Impaired Individuals
Area of Law/Type of Penalty
Licensing & Regulation
Relevant Statute(s) and Rules
Alabama
none specified[1] informed written consent, signed in presence of the artist/service provider or their agent[1][2] Ear piercing exempt from Alabama body art laws & rules.[2][3] cannot be tattooed, branded, or pierced[1][2] Violations of Alabama Tattoo & Body Piercing laws are a class c misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of up to $100 and/or up to 90 days imprisonment for each violation.[4] Alabama's Department of Public Health licenses Tattoo, body piercing, & body art facilities, and sets standards for their operation.[5]
Individual tattoo artists, piercers, etc. require a permit.[2]
Ala. Code § 22-1-17A[3][6]
State Board of Health rules on Body Art Practices and Facilities.[2]
Alaska
18 (piercing excepted)[7] parent/guardian must both give written consent and be present during the procedure[7] Minors may be pierced with parental consent [7] no restriction[8] Alaska Stat. § 08.13.217[7]
Arizona
none specified[9] parent/guardian must be physically present[9] Minors can have their ears pierced with the written or verbal consent of a parent/guardian, can have procedures prescribed by a health care provider.[9] no restriction[9] Violations are a class 6 felony.[9] There are no health regulations for tattoo shops in Arizona. [10] Tattoos. Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-3721[9]
Arkansas
16[11] parent/guardian must both give written consent and be physically present[12] none specified[12] cannot be tattooed, branded, or pierced.[12] Ark. Stat. Ann. §§ 20-27-1501 et seq.[12]
California
18 (piercing excepted)[13][14] parent/guardian must be present during procedure Minors may have their ears pierced with parental consent.[15] They may be pierced elsewhere with parental consent, but not on their genitals or nipples. Permanent cosmetics are permitted on nipples, when done by a cosmetic technician and with parental consent.[14] no restriction Body Art. Cal. Health & Safety Code § 119300 to 119328[6][15]
Cal. Penal Code 653[13]
Colorado
18 Express written consent of parent or guardian[16] parent/guardian must be present during procedure Persons who are "noticeably impaired" cannot have body art procedures[16] Body Artists. Colo. Rev. Stat. § 25-4-2101 to 2103[6]
Connecticut
none specified permission of parent or guardian[17][18] Minors may have their ears pierced without parental consent[17]
Tattooing may only be performed by physicians, or by registered nurses & technicians working under the supervision of a physician.[18]
no restrictions Conn. Gen. Stat. §19a-92a,[6][18]
Conn. Gen. Stat. §19a-92g[6][17]
District of Columbia
18 (ear piercing excepted)[19] written consent (for ear piercing)[19] minors may have their ears pierced with written parental consent[19] no restrictions[19] Body Artists. DC Code § 47-2853.76d[6][19]
Delaware
18[20] notarized written consent to the specific procedure[20] none specified[20] cannot be tattooed, branded, or body pierced[20] Del. Code Ann. Title 11, Ch 5 §1114(a)[6][20]
Del. Code Ann. Title 16, Ch 2 §122(3)(w)[6]
Florida
16[21] Must be accompanied by parent or guardian who can show proof of guardianship, both parent and minor must present photo ID, and a consent form must be notarized.[21] for medical or dental purposes by a licensed physician or dentist[21] no restriction Fla. Stat. § 381.00787[6]
Fla. Stat. §381.0775 et seq.[6] Fla. Stat. §381.075[6]
Georgia
18 (body piercing excepted)[22] For body piercing: prior written consent of parent/guardian[23] Minors may have their ears pierced without parental consent[23]
Minors may be body pierced with written parental consent[23]
Physicians and Osteopaths or technicians working under their direct supervision can give minors tattoos or produce scars for "medical or cosmetic purposes."[22]
No one can be tattooed within an inch of their eye socket.[24]
no restrictions Ga. Code § 31-40-1 to 31-40-10[6]
Ga. Code § 16-12-5[6]
Ga. Code § 16-5-71.1[6]
Hawaii
none specified[25] written consent of parent/guardian[25] Hawaii Rev. Stat. § 321-13[6]
Hawaii Rev. Stat. § 321-379[6]
Idaho
18[26] Written informed consent of parent/guardian, executed in the presence of the person performing the procedure, or their agent/employee.[26] Minors can have their ears pierced without parental consent.[6]
Piercing for medical procedures exempt.[6]
no restrictions Idaho Code § 18-1523 (2004)[6]
Illinois
18 (body piercings excepted)[27] Written consent of parent/guardian (for body piercings)[27] Minors cannot be present in places where tattooing or body piercing is done except in the presence of a parent/guardian.[27]
Minors can have their ears pierced without parent/guardian consent.[27]
no restrictions Ill. Stat. 720 §5/12-10.1[6]
Ill. Stat. 410 §54/1 t0 54/999[6]
Indiana
none specified[28] Parent/guardian must both be present during the procedure and provide written permission.[28] Minors may have their ears pierced without parental consent.[28] no restrictions Ind. Code Ann. §35-42-2-7[6][28]
Ind. Code Ann. §16-19-3-4.1[6][29]
Iowa
18[30] n/a - minors cannot be tattooed[30] Body piercing is not regulated by state law in Iowa, however county or city laws may regulate it.[31] no restrictions Iowa Code §135.37[6]
Iowa Code §135.37[6]
Kansas
16[32] Parent/guardian must give written consent, written consent must be notarized, and the parent/guardian must be present during the procedure.[32] Minors may have their ears pierced[33] no restrictions Kan. Stat. Ann. §65-1953[6]
Kan. Stat. Ann. §65-1940 to 65-1954[6]
Kentucky
16 Parent/guardian must give written, notarized consent.[34] none (ear piercing also requires written, notarized consent).[35] Ky. Rev. Stat. §211.760[6]
Ky. Rev. Stat. §194A.050; 211.760[6]
Louisiana
16 Parent or guardian must consent, and their presence during the procedure is required for tattoos, but not for body piercings.[36] no restrictions La. Rev. Stat. Ann. §14:93.2[6]
La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 40:2831 et seq.[6]
Maine
18 (piercings excepted)[37] For body piercings: prior legal consent of parent/guardian.[38] Maine law does not require parent/guardian consent for ear piercing[39] no restrictions Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. Title 32 § 4201-4329[6]
Maryland
none specified[40] written consent, which must be retained for 3 years. Piercing of the ear lobe is exempt[41] no restriction Health Department Regulations A license is not required, but any person performing tattooing or piercing must comply with all the relevant health code regulations[40] COMAR 10.06.01.02 and 10.06.01.06
Massachusetts
18 (except body piercing other than genitalia)[42] Minors cannot receive tattoo, branding, or scarification at all. For piercing of areas other than the genitalia, a parent may provide identification and sign the consent document.[42] Physicians performing for treatment reasons and ear piercing are exempt from regulation.[42] no restriction County Health Department regulates body art, but all follow a model regulation set by the state. Artists must have a permit, and establishments are subject to following specific health department regulations[42] Model Regulations for Body Art Establishments[42]
Michigan
none specified[43] Written, informed consent of parent/guardian. Must be executed (signed) in the presences of the person performing the procedure, or their employee.[43] cannot be tattooed, branded, or body pierced.[43] Mich. Comp. Laws § 333.13101 to 333.13112[44]
Minnesota
18 (piercings excepted)[45] For piercings: presence of parent/guardian and a consent form are both required.[45] Minors cannot be tattooed. They can be body pierced, but not in the nipples or genitals. Branding, scarification, suspension, subdermal implantation, microdermal, and tongue bifurcation are also prohibited for minors.[45] cannot have any body art procedures.[45] Minnesota Statutes 146B.07[45]
Mississippi
18 n/a - minors cannot be tattooed piercing also prohibited except for the outer perimeter or lobe of the ear. no restriction Miss.Code Ann. §73-61
Missouri
none specified[46] For both piercings and tattoos, parent/guardian must sign written consent in the presence of the person performing the procedure, or their employee.[46] cannot be tattooed, branded or body pierced.[46] violations are a misdemeanor, punishable with a fine of up to $500 (more for repeat offenses)[46] The state director of the division of professional registration licenses all body artists, and sets rules & regulations for the operation of body art establishments.[47] Mo. Rev. Stat. §324.520[46]
Montana
none specified[48] Parent or guardian must give "explicit, in-person" consent.[48] Montana administrative rules also require that the parent/guardian be present throughout the procedure.[49] cannot be tattooed or body pierced.[49] A person who tattoos or body pierces a minor without parent/guardian consent is guilty of Unlawful transactions with children, punishable by a fine of up to $500 or six months in county jail, or both.[48]
Other violations of Montana body art laws are a misdemeanor, with punishments ranging from a fine of $50–100 for a first offense to $300 and/or 90 days in county jail for third and subsequent offense.[50]
Montana's Department of Health and Safety licenses and regulates body art establishments.[51] Local health boards may establish their own licensing and regulatory schemes in lieu of the state department's.[52] Mont. Code Ann. §45-5-623[48]
Mont. Code Ann. §50-48-101 to 110[53]
Mont. Code Ann. §50-48-201 to 209[54]
Nebraska
none specified[55] written consent, must be present during procedure Piercing does not include the external parts of the ear[56] No restrictions Nebraska Revised Statute 38-1008, 38-1009, 38-1010, 38-1011, 38-1060, 38-10,165
Nevada
n/a[6] n/a[6] Nevada state law does not regulate tattoos, piercings, or other body art. Regional health districts may regulate the practice. The southern Nevada Health District, for example, does not allow minors below the age of 14 to be tattooed, and requires a parent or guardian to provide written consent and be present during the procedure for 14- to 18-year-olds. The southern Nevada district also bans tattoos on those who are under the influence of drugs or alcohol.[57] n/a[6] n/a[6]
New Hampshire
18 (piercings excepted)[58] For piercings: parent/guardian must both sign written consent and be present during the procedure. Minors cannot be tattooed or branded. They may be pierced with parent/guardian consent.[58] Minors may have their ears pierced without parent/guardian consent.[59] no restrictions N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 314[6]
New Jersey
none specified[60] written permission of parent/guardian is required for tattooing and body piercing.[60] Parent/guardian must be present and sign written consent for ear piercings as well as for body piercing. Minors cannot have genital piercings even with parent/guardian consent.[61] no restrictions no restrictions no restrictions N.J. Stat. Ann. §2C:40-21
N.J.A.C. 8:27-1 et seq.
N.J. Stat. Ann. §26-1A-7[6]
New Mexico
none specified[62] Written consent and presence during the procedure. Medical procedures by physicians and ear piercing are exempt[63] no restrictions Administrative Regulations set by the Board of Barbers and Cosmetologists All body artists are required to be licensed through the state, and are subject to regulations from the Board Body Art Safe Practices Act. N.M. Stat. Ann. § 61-17B et seq.,[63] N.M. Administrative Code 16.36 et seq.[62]
New York
18 (piercings excepted) [64] Minors cannot be tattooed with parent/guardian consent. For piercings: parent/guardian must give written consent, signed in presence of the body artist or body art establishment owner.[65] Written parental consent is not required for ear piercings.[66] no restrictions New York Public Health Law, Article 4-A[6][65]
N.Y. Public Health Law §460-466[6]
N.Y. Penal Law § 260.21[6]
North Carolina
18 (piercings excepted)[67] Minors cannot be tattooed, even with parent/guardian consent. "Prior consent" of parent/guardian is required for body piercings.[67] Minors may have their ears pierced without parental consent.[67] no restrictions N.C. Gen. Stat. § 130A-283[68]
N.C. Gen. Stat. § 14-400[69]
North Dakota
none specified[70] Parent/guardian must be present during the procedure and give written consent.[70] cannot get tattoos or other body art[71] N.D. Code §23-01-35[72]
N.D. Code §12.1-31-13[6][70]
Ohio
none specified[73] Parent/guardian must both sign a consent form and "appear in person at the business at the time the procedure is performed."[73] none - parent/guardian consent and presence is also required for ear piercings.[73] no restrictions Ohio Rev. Code Ann. §3730.01 to 3730.99[6][73]
Oklahoma
18 (piercings excepted)[74] Minors cannot be tattooed, even with parent/guardian consent. For piercings: parent/guardian must both give written consent and be present during the procedure.[74] Ear piercing is not governed/restricted by Oklahoma law.[74]
Scleral tattooing is illegal.[74]
cannot be tattooed.[74] Okla. Stat. Title 21 §842.1, 842.2, 842.3[6]
Oregon
18 (piercings excepted)[75] For piercings: parent/guardian must give written consent and present proof of identity.[76][77] Minors can only be tattooed with the authorization of a physician.[75]
Scarification and dermal implants are prohibited[78]
Persons with sunburns or skin diseases or disorders cannot be tattooed or pierced.[75][77]
Minors cannot be pierced on the genitals or nipples, even with parent/guardian consent.[76]
Piercing on testes, deep shaft (corpus cavernosa), uvula, eyelids and sub-clavicle are all prohibited.[77]
cannot be tattooed or pierced.[75][77] Violations of Oregon body art laws are a misdemeanor.[79]
Violations of Health Licensing Office rules are fined (various amounts).[80]
Both body artists and body art establishments are licensed by the Oregon Health Licensing Office.[81] With the assistance of a Board of Body Art practitioners, the Health Licensing Office also sets detailed rules and regulations for body art.[82] Or. Rev. Stat. § 690.350 et seq
Or. Rev. Stat. § 690.401 to 410
Or. Rev. Stat. § 679.500[6]
Health Licensing Office Rules, especially Divisions 900, 905, 915 & 920[82]
Pennsylvania
none specified[83] parent/guardian must both give consent and be present during the procedure.[83] no restrictions Pa. Cons. Stat. Title 18 § 6311[6][83]
Rhode Island
18 (piercings excepted)[84][85] Minors cannot be tattooed.[84] For piercings: parent/guardian must both give consent and be present for the procedure.[85] no restrictions Tattooing a minor is a criminal offense (misdemeanor), maximum fine $300[84] Tattooing and body art are regulated by the department of health, artists must be registered.[85] RI Gen L § 23-1-39[85]
RI Gen L § 11-9-15[84]
South Carolina
18 (piercings excepted)[86][87] Minors cannot be tattooed.[86] For piercings: parent/guardian must either give written, notarized consent or be present during the procedure.[87] Head, face, and neck tattoos are illegal.[86] cannot be tattooed or body pierced[86][88] Under the Health Code, persons violating restrictions on tattooing and body piercing are guilty of a misdemeanor. Upon conviction, they may be fined up to $2500 or imprisoned for a year, or both.[86][87] Tattoo and body piercing facilities are regulated by the Department of Health and Environmental Control. Tattoo facilities are licensed, body piercing facilities require a permit, and artists must be registered[89][90] S.C. Code § 44-32-10 to 44-32-120[88]
S.C. Code § 44-34-10 to 44-34-110[91]
South Dakota
none specified[92] Parent/guardian must sign a consent form.[92] cannot be tattooed or pierced[93][94] Tattooing a minor is a class 2 misdemeanor.[95] Tattooing and Body Piercing are governed by Department of Health rules.[96] Municipalities may set stricter regulations, and have the authority to license body artists.[95] S.D. Codified Laws Ann. §26-10-19[92]
S.D. Laws § 9-34-17[95]
Tennessee
18 (piercings excepted)[97][98] For tattoos that cover an existing tattoo (see Notes & Exceptions): Parent/Guardian must be present during the procedure.[97]
For piercings: Parent/Guardian must give written consent, be present during the procedure.[98]
Minors over the age of sixteen may be tattooed to cover up an existing tattoo, with parent/guardian consent.[97] Minors who lie about their age to be tattooed are guilty of a "delinquent act," are required to pay a fine of $50–$250 and serve at least 20 hours of community service.[97]
Tattooing a minor is a class a misdemeanor,[97] breach of body piercing law is a class b misdemeanor.[99]
Tattoo artists and body piercers are licensed by the state department of health, tattoo shops require a certificate from the local health department.[100][101] Tenn. Code §§ 62-38-201-310[102]
Texas
18 (piercings excepted)[103][104] For body piercings and for covering existing tattoos (see Notes & Exceptions): Parent/guardian must be present during procedure, sign an affidavit[103][104] Ear piercing is exempt from body piercing statutes[105]
Minors may, with parent/guardian consent, be tattooed to cover up an existing tattoo that has offensive, gang-related, or drug-related content, or "other words, symbols, or markings that the person's parent or guardian considers would be in the best interest of the person to cover"[103]
Tongue splitting prohibited.[106]
Cannot be tattooed or pierced.[103][107] Misrepresenting one's age to get a tattoo, or to get a piercing without parental consent, is a class B misdemeanor[103][104]
Violations of Texas tattooing & body piercing statute are a Class A misdemeanor, with each day of violation counting as a separate offense.[108]
Health Commissioner can impose a fine of up to $5000 on artists & shops for each violation[109]
Tattoo artists and body piercers must be registered with the Texas Department of Health[110] Tattoo and body piercing shops must be licensed[111] Texas Health and Safety Code Ann. §146[112]
Utah
none specified[113] Parent/guardian must be present during the procedure, give written permission, and provide proof of identity.[113] Parental consent not required by law for ear piercing[113] Tattooing or body piercing a minor is a class b misdemeanor, shops can be fined up to $1000 for each violation.[113] Utah Code Ann. §76-10-2201[6]
Vermont
none specified[114] Tattooists and body piercers must be registered.[114] Vt. Stat. Ann. Title 26 §4101 to 4109[6][115]
Virginia
none specified[116] Parent/Guardian must be present during the procedure.[116] Virginia law does not limit minors' ability to have their ears pierced.[116] Tattooing or body piercing a minor is a class 1 misdemeanor[116] Tattoo artists and body piercers, as well as the operators of tattoo and body piercing establishments, are licensed by the state.[117][118]
Civic/local governments are empowered to regulate tattoo and body piercing establishments.[119]
Va. Code §54.1-700 et seq.
Va. Code §15.2-912
Va. Code § 18.2-371.3.[6]
Washington
18 (piercings excepted)[120] cannot have tattoos, body piercings, or other body art.[121] Wash. Code §26.28.085[120]
Wash. Code § 18.300[122]
Wash. Code § 246-145-001 to 060[123]
Wash. Code §70.54[124]
West Virginia
none specified[125] parent/guardian must give written consent[125] All persons receiving a tattoo must attest they are not under the influence of drugs or alcohol.[125] Tattoo shop owners and body piercing studios must register with local board of health, and must be registered as a business with the state[126][127][128] W. Va. Code §16-37
W. Va. Code §16-38[129]
Wisconsin
18[130] n/a (tattooing not permitted under 18) Physicians in the course of professional practice are exempt no restriction Tattooing a minor or even offering to do so is subject to a fine of up to $200 Artists must be satisfy training requirements and obtain a license from the health department. Establishments are subject to inspection and licensing[131] Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations 948.70 and 252.235
Wyoming
none specified[132] Verbal consent, presence during procedure.[132] Procedures performed under the supervision of a licensed physician, and piercing of the ear, do not count as body art for this law. no restriction[132] Misdemeanor criminal offense, punishable by fine and prison time[132] Wyoming Statute §14-3-107[132]
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value: Legal status of tattooing in the United States – Simple English

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