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Eobard Thawne
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Eobard Thawne
Textless cover of Batman vol. 3, #22 (July 2017).
Art by Jason Fabok.
Publication information
Publisher
DC Comics
First appearance
The Flash #139 (September 1963)
Created by
John Broome
Carmine Infantino
In-story information
Full name
Eobard Thawne
Team affiliations
Secret Society of Super Villains
Injustice League
Black Lantern Corps
The Rogues
The Acolytes of Zoom
Legion of Doom
Notable aliases
Professor Zoom
Reverse-Flash
Black Flash
Harrison Wells
Abilities
Genius-level intellect
Skilled hand-to-hand combatant
Negative Speed Force grants:
Superhuman speed, agility, stamina, and reflexes
Rapid cellular regeneration
Time travel & chronokinesis
Dimensional travel
Intangibility
Speed mirage creation
Electrokinesis
Sonic shockwave projection
Vortex generation
Memory and speed absorption
Age alteration
Immortality
Eobard Thawne, otherwise known as Professor Zoom and the Reverse-Flash, is a fictional supervillain appearing in comic books published by DC Comics. He is the archenemy of Barry Allen (the second superhero to be called the Flash), a descendant of Malcolm Thawne, and a maternal forefather of Bart Allen, Thaddeus Thawne, and Owen Mercer. He has been established as one of the fastest speedsters in the DC Universe.
IGN ranked Eobard Thawne as the 31st Greatest Comic Book Villain Of All Time in 2009[1] and #2 on their Top 5 Flash Villains list in 2015.[2] Tom Cavanagh and Matt Letscher have portrayed the character on various television series set within The CW's live-action Arrowverse.
Contents
[hide]
1 Publication history
2 Fictional character biography
2.1 Post-Crisis and Zero Hour origin
2.2 The Flash: Rebirth
2.3 Blackest Night
2.4 Post-Infinite Crisis origin
2.5 Flashpoint
2.6 The New 52
2.7 DC Rebirth
3 Powers and abilities
4 Other versions
4.1 Impulse
5 In other media
5.1 Fan Series
5.2 Television
5.2.1 Arrowverse
5.3 Film
5.4 Video games
5.4.1 Injustice
5.5 Parodies
5.6 Merchandise
6 References
7 External links
Publication history[edit]
Created by John Broome and Carmine Infantino, Eobard Thawne made his debut in The Flash #139 (September 1963).
Fictional character biography[edit]
Cover of The Flash #139 (September 1963), featuring Eobard Thawne's debut as the Reverse-Flash.
In Thawne's first appearance, he found a time capsule in the 25th Century containing Barry Allen's Flash costume, and was able to use a Tachyon device to amplify the suit's speed energy, giving himself speedster abilities as long as he wore the costume. Reversing the costume's colors, Thawne adopted the moniker of "Professor Zoom" aka the "Reverse-Flash", and went on a crime spree. However, the time capsule also contained an atomic clock, which a scientist from Allen's time discovered would eventually cause a nuclear explosion upon being removed from the time capsule containing it. To prevent that disaster, The Flash traveled forward in time to find the clock. Encountering Zoom, Flash pursued and defeated him in the hope Zoom knew where the clock was. Unfortunately, that was not the case and the Flash later barely found the clock and brought it to an isolated area before it exploded in time and subsequently destroyed Thawne's costume.[3]
Blaming the Flash for his defeat, Thawne became obsessed with "replacing" the man and began travelling back in time to exact his revenge, using his knowledge of history to his advantage. When Iris West (Barry's wife) rejected his romantic pursuits, Thawne apparently killed Iris by vibrating his hand through the woman's skull. Shortly after Barry had found love again, Thawne returned and threatened to kill Fiona Webb (Allen's new fiancée) on their wedding day. Fearful that history was repeating itself, Allen inadvertently killed Thawne by breaking his neck.[4]
Post-Crisis and Zero Hour origin[edit]
In a post-Crisis extended origin, the storyline "The Return of Barry Allen" in The Flash #74-79 revealed that Eobard was once a scientist from the 25th Century who was obsessed with the Flash, even undergoing cosmetic surgery to resemble his hero. After obtaining the Cosmic Treadmill from an antique shop, Thawne gained all of the Flash's powers after replicating the electrochemical accident that created the hero, seeking to use the Treadmill to travel back in time and meet his idol. But due to a malfunction, Thawne arrived at the Flash Museum several years after Barry's death, where he discovered that he was destined to become "Professor Zoom" (the "Reverse-Flash") and die at the hands of his idol. As a result, the unstable Thawne convinced himself that he was Barry, and subsequently attacked Central City for "forgetting him". Wally West (the current Flash) ultimately tricked Thawne into returning to the 25th century with no memory of the incident. Despite this, Thawne still managed to bring the remains of his older self's costume with him, cluing him further into his destiny.
After the events of Zero Hour: Crisis in Time, it is revealed that Malcolm Thawne is Eobard's ancestor and Barry's long-lost twin brother, meaning that Barry is Eobard's great uncle.
The Flash: Rebirth[edit]
Main article: The Flash: Rebirth
In 2009, Eobard was re-imagined as a major villain in the DC Universe by writer Geoff Johns in The Flash: Rebirth.[5] His resurrection is foreshadowed to occur in a near-future event, after which he would be responsible for Barry Allen's return and transformation into the Black Flash.[6][7] It is later revealed that because Thawne recreated the accident behind Barry's powers, he was able to lure Barry out of the Speed Force during the Final Crisis and temporarily turn his nemesis into the Black Flash.[8]
When Thawne reappears, he murders the revived Johnny Quick,[9] before proceeding to trap Barry and the revived Max Mercury inside the negative Speed Force. Thawne then attempts to kill Wally West's children through their connection to the Speed Force in front of Linda Park-West, only to be stopped by Jay Garrick and Bart Allen. Thawne defeats Jay and prepares to kill Bart, but Barry, Max, Wally, Jesse Quick and Impulse arrive to prevent the villain from doing so.[8][10] In the ensuing fight, Thawne reveals that he is responsible for every tragedy that has occurred in Barry's life, including the death of Nora Allen (Barry's mother). Thawne then decides to destroy everything the Flash holds dear by killing Iris before they even met.[10]
As Barry chases after Thawne, Wally joins in the time barrier. They reach him and in doing so, they become the lightning bolt that turns Barry into the Flash as they are able to stop Thawne from killing Iris. The Flashes push Thawne back through time, showing his past and future. They return to the present, where the Justice League, the Justice Society, and the Outsiders have built a device originally intended to disconnect Barry from the Speed Force as the Black Flash. Barry tosses Thawne in and Jay activates the device, severing his connection to the negative Speed Force. As the Flashes tie him up to stop him from running, back in the past Iris discovers Thawne's weapon and keeps it.[11]
In the present, he is imprisoned in the Iron Heights. Hunter Zolomon speaks to him, saying they can help each other be better. In Gorilla City, one of the apes warns that Professor Zoom has done something horrible to their jungles, something even they do not know.[11]
Blackest Night[edit]
In the 2009–2010 storyline "Blackest Night", Thawne's broken-necked corpse is reanimated as a member of the Black Lantern Corps. The black power ring downloaded the corpse's memories, resulting in it not knowing of Barry's death and resurrection. Declaring itself the new "Black Flash", the Black Lantern Zoom attacks Barry who manages to elude for the moment.[12] When Black Lantern Rogues attack Iron Heights, they encounter the living Thawne, their rings strangely malfunctioning, and displaying a strange symbol.[13] When the Black Lantern Zoom approaches his living counterpart, he stops moving, and is then frozen by Captain Cold's "cold grenade".[14] In the final issue, future Black Lantern Zoom is brought back to life by the white light of creation, and manages to escape.[15]
In the follow-up "Brightest Day" storyline, the present Professor Zoom is still imprisoned in Iron Heights.[16] When Deadman activates the White Power Battery, the Entity speaks to the twelve heroes and villains resurrected at the climax of the "Blackest Night" and tells each of them of their mission that must be accomplished in order to restore 'life' to the universe and prevent the Blackest Night from ever recurring. Zoom becomes the first to inadvertently fulfill his mission, which occurred in the events of The Flash: Rebirth when he freed Allen from the Speed Force following the resurrection. The Entity proclaims Zoom has completed his task, and his life is restored to him, later revealing that Zoom, having fulfilled his task, is now fully purged of all trace remnants of his Black Lantern ties – both present and future.[17] Zoom is released from Iron Heights by Captain Boomerang, who had hoped to better understand his version of the Entity's message. Zoom does not answer him directly, giving a cryptic response and eventually escaping as Captain Boomerang is confronted by the rest of the Rogues.[18]
Post-Infinite Crisis origin[edit]
Eobard uses his powers to completely rewrite his history; he erases his younger brother from existence and kills his parents when they try to interfere with his research.[19] Eobard later falls in love with a reporter who had been hired to interview him, and his future self wipes all of the reporter's romantic interests from existence. After finding out she did not return his affections, Eobard's future self traumatized the reporter when she was a child, causing her to be mute and institutionalized for the rest of her life so that he never met her.[19] He later had his younger self find the time capsule containing Barry Allen's costume to make himself the 25th century Flash. As the altered Eobard Thawne runs past him, he sheds a tear for his past self, saying "It won't last long. You will never find love. You will never be the Flash. Barry Allen destroyed my future. It's time I destroyed his".
Flashpoint[edit]
In the 2011 Flashpoint storyline, a new timeline is created through the alteration of history.[20] The Reverse-Flash reveals that his body is permanently connected to the Speed Force, enabling him to create the negative version of it, with which he escaped prison. He was unable to alter Barry's transformation into the Flash, however, as that would effectively erase himself from existence. Instead, Thawne decides to ruin Barry's life during the latter's childhood, erasing his best friend from existence to result in greater introversion on Barry's part, and various other torments such as killing his mother.[21] Thawne later reveals that the new timeline was created by Barry himself, who went back in time to stop the Reverse-Flash from killing his mother. After Thawne is killed by the Batman of this reality with an Amazonian sword, the Flash travels back in time to stop his younger self from altering history but instead, under the manipulations of Pandora, a third, new timeline is created, in which DC Comics' continuity takes place from 2011 onwards.[22]
The New 52[edit]
Flashpoint results in The New 52 reboot of DC's continuity. In this new timeline, Thawne's origin is re-established as hailing from the Central City of a 25th-century devoted to the Flash. As a child, Eobard witnessed his father murder his mother, and subsequently get arrested. One day, he is struck by lightning and gains the ability to control the flow of time around him making it appear as if he is moving at superhuman speeds similar to Zolomon's powers. Believing himself to have been "chosen" by the Speed Force to replace the Flash, Eobard dons a costume similar to the hero's and begins to terrorize the Gem Cities as "Zoom", demanding the citizens accept him as King. However, he is enraged when people rebel against him in the name of the Flash.[23] Jealous and bitter that, despite their similar powers, the Flash is worshiped and loved by the people, Eobard uses Rip Hunter's notes to travel back in time, where he starts recruiting four individuals "touched by the lightning" (Speed Force) across history, after "saving" them from situations he himself put them into, under the false pretense that he requires their help in order to vanquish the "evil menace", Flash.[24]
Thawne then makes an acquaintance with Dr. Henry Allen (the Flash's father), funding the research of Henry's research lab. But when Henry refuses to help him with an unknown cause, Zoom subsequently murders Nora in order to make the Flash endure what he had to and give them both an "equal start", and forces Henry to take the blame for his deed, with the threat of Barry's life. Laying low for many years, Professor Zoom reemerges following the defeat of William Selkirk, recruiting as an "acolyte" of his. Zoom and his acolytes then cause havoc in the city and put the blame on the Flash, desiring to destroy his nemesis's legacy.[25] Eobard then kidnaps Henry when the man escapes from prison with some inmates in order to divert Thawne's attention away from Barry, and forces Henry to construct a power-stealing glove. However, when his closest "ally" Magali (who has been keeping Eobard alive for centuries via powers) discover the truth about him, he uses the glove to steal her abilities of affecting the age of organic and inorganic matter, leading to his true nature being exposed to the rest of his acolytes who join forces with the Flash to destroy the device.
After the failure of his plan to become a god, Zoom then takes Henry to the Allen house, with Barry in pursuit. Revealing his backstory to Barry, Eobard proceeds to best Barry in combat, and is about to kill until the Flash realizes how Thawne's powers work, and then proceeds to counter them by moving time forward - finally defeating him. After talking Henry out of killing Thawne, Barry has him arrested and imprisoned at Iron Heights Penitentiary.[23]
DC Rebirth[edit]
In the DC Rebirth relaunch, Eobard first appears in Barry Allen's Speed Force vision, where the latter snaps Thawne's neck as he once did Pre-Crisis.[26][27] He is subsequently featured in another vision where he taunts Barry about his future.[28] The serial-killing speedster Godspeed later attempts to kill Eobard and every other inmate at Iron Heights, only to be stopped by the Flash.[29] Thawne is reverted to his pre-New 52 self after a wave of energy strikes him, and he recalls being killed by Batman (Thomas Wayne) during Flashpoint.[30] Seeking to teach the Dark Knight's son a lesson, Thawne attacks Bruce Wayne in the Batcave and destroys Thomas' letter as retribution. Thawne brutally beats Bruce and verbally taunts him before picking up the Button, which teleports him away to an unknown location. Thawne is then teleported back to the Batcave, having been bathed in radiation by a mysterious entity. As he collapses, Thawne says "God...I saw...God."[31] In the following issue, Batman and the Flash come across Thawne in possession of the Button shortly before his apparent death, and follow him in an attempt to prevent it.[32] As he follows the traces leading to the entity, Thawne muses that he may go back in time to raise his nemesis as a "family friend" after killing his mother, but he is seemingly killed and teleported back to the Batcave.[33]
Eobard's corpse is subsequently taken to S.T.A.R. Labs for further examination, but it is revealed that he was able to survive his near-death experience via his connection to the negative Speed Force, the energy of which grants him accelerated regeneration and healing. He is present at Iris West's house when she arrives with her nephew following Multiplex's attack at Barry's birthday party, shocking and terrifying the pair.[34]
Eobard brutally beats Wally West II, denouncing him as a fake, and then brings Iris to the future while Barry pursues them. Eobard shows the couple their future, and attempts to imprison Barry in the Negative Speed Force. This backfires as it leads to Barry absorbing the power of the Negative Speed Force and using it to strip Thawne of his speed. Barry declares that their rivalry is done, but Eobard vows that he will get back his powers and keep coming back to torment Barry, before being seemingly killed by Iris. Eobard later returns (possibly resurrected after regaining his connection to the Negative Speed Force) as a member of the Secret Society of Super Villains that kidnapped Deathstroke.
Powers and abilities[edit]
Even prior to gaining his metahuman abilities, Eobard Thawne already possessed genius-level intellect by the standards of the 25th Century. In The Flash: Rebirth, it is discovered that when he duplicated the accident that gave Barry Allen his powers, he created a negative Speed Force by corrupting the positive version of it. The Reverse-Flash is therefore able to travel at superhuman speeds faster than the speed of light, deliver blows of extreme force, run on water, generate vacuums, create after-images ("speed mirages") of himself, and vibrate his molecules to pass through solid objects. Unlike users of the original Speed Force, Thawne has the ability to travel through and manipulate time, being able to drastically alter history and completely erase people from existence (other speedsters cannot change the past without dramatic consequences). Thawne developed numerous new powers in the events leading up to Flashpoint, including the ability to cross over to other dimensions, create shockwaves across time and space at the snap of his fingers, absorb another's memories via physical contact, and alter the age of anyone or anything.[35] Thawne has also displayed low levels of superhuman strength, as well as electrokinetic abilities. The presence of his lightning is able to disrupt and fry nearby electronics, in addition to allowing him to manipulate magnetism.
During the New 52 reboot, Thawne gained the ability to slow down time. He retained his pre-New 52 counterpart's age altering abilities.[36] In the DC Rebirth relaunch, however, Thawne regained his connection to the negative Speed Force and therefore all of his original powers.[37]
Other versions[edit]
Impulse[edit]
In an alternate timeline created when Impulse kills an insect in the Devonian Age, most super-villains are government bureaucrats. Professor Zoom is the National Science Advisor to President-for-Life Julian Tremain.
In subsequent changes to the timeline, Zoom defected to the rebellion against Tremain led by Gorilla Grodd; turned into a gorilla fighting against an army of flying turtles led by Grodd, now a flying turtle himself; and was a gorilla in a modern society identical to that of ancient Egypt.[38]
In other media[edit]
Fan Series[edit]
This character is seen in the YouTube fan series Reverse Flash: Origins
Colin K. Bass portrays Eobard Thawne/Reverse Flash.
This is a series that is currently airing on the Nerdbot YouTube channel.
Television[edit]
The character is alluded to in the episode "Done With Mirrors" of the 1990 live-action series The Flash, when Barry Allen temporarily takes the pseudonym 'Professor Zoom' while investigating the Mirror Master.
Professor Zoom appears in Batman: The Brave and the Bold, voiced by John Wesley Shipp.[39] In the episode "Requiem for a Scarlet Speedster!", Zoom has conquered the 25th Century and captured the Flash (Barry Allen). Batman, Jay Garrick and Wally West later arrive to free Barry, who then engages Zoom in a fight around the world. The battle ends when the Flash glazes some sand to form a wall of glass to trip Zoom.
Arrowverse[edit]
Tom Cavanagh as Eobard Thawne / Reverse-Flash in The CW's Superhero Fight Club promotional video.[40]
Tom Cavanagh and Matt Letscher portray Eobard Thawne/Reverse-Flash in The CW's live-action Arrowverse as Dr. Harrison Wells and in his original likeness, respectively.[41][42]
Professor Eobard Thawne is introduced on The Flash as a scientist from the future who duplicated the reaction that gave Barry Allen/The Flash his powers and became the hero's archenemy, the Reverse-Flash.[43] Eobard travelled back in time to the year 2000 to kill his nemesis as a child. When the 2024 Flash intervened, the Reverse-Flash murdered Barry's mother and framed his father instead, thus erasing this Flash from existence while unintentionally severing his own connection to the Speed Force, leaving him stranded in the 21st Century. Knowing that Dr. Harrison Wells would be responsible for creating metahumans in 2020, Eobard killed the scientist and assumed his identity. He then founded S.T.A.R. Labs and created a particle accelerator to turn Barry into the Flash and regain his own link to the Speed Force. Faking paralysis, "Dr. Wells" pushes Barry to run faster in hopes of using the latter's pure Speed Force connection to travel back to his time. After Eobard's secret is discovered, he is captured by the Flash, the Arrow, and Firestorm. Eobard then offers Barry a chance to travel back in time to save his mother in exchange for a time sphere to return to the future, but Barry ultimately chooses not to do so and returns to destroy Eobard's machine. As the Reverse-Flash prepares to kill the Flash, his ancestor Detective Eddie Thawne kills himself and seemingly erases Eobard from existence. A year later, Barry temporarily creates a new reality and restores a time remnant of Eobard to the timeline in the process.
Letscher plays Thawne's time remnant in season two of Legends of Tomorrow.[44] Victor Garber and Sean MacLean briefly play the character disguised as Professor Martin Stein and NASA astronaut John Swigert, respectively. Eobard forms his own legion of supervillains (composed of Damien Darhk, Malcolm Merlyn and Leonard Snart) to obtain the mystical Spear of Destiny to alter reality, but is ultimately erased from existence by the Black Flash due to his nature as a "time aberration".
Cavanagh reprises his role as Thawne in the 2017 four-part crossover event "Crisis on Earth-X".[45] Somehow surviving his erasure from existence at the end of The Flash's first season, Eobard travelled to Earth-X, a parallel universe where the Axis powers won World War II, and formed an alliance with the Nazi versions of Oliver Queen, Kara Zor-El and Tommy Merlyn there in an attempt to conquer Earth-1. When his allies are killed during the final battle, Thawne escapes and vows to return.
Film[edit]
Professor Zoom appears as the main antagonist in Justice League: The Flashpoint Paradox (2013), voiced by C. Thomas Howell.[46] He hires the Rogues to ambush the Flash (Barry Allen) at the Flash Museum before betraying them by placing explosives on their belts to destroy the museum. However, the Justice League arrive to disarm the bombs and apprehend Zoom. When Barry travels back in time to prevent Nora Allen's murder, all of reality is altered, and Aquaman's Atlantean army is at war with Wonder Woman's Amazonian forces. Zoom enters this reality via the Speed Force and saves Lois Lane from the Amazonians to alert Barry of his presence. While Cyborg's metahuman team tries to put an end to the war, Zoom appears and beats Barry. As the Atlanteans' doomsday device destroys the world, Zoom is shot in the head by this reality's Batman. The Flash then taps into the Speed Force once more to stop his past self from altering time, effectively creating a new reality similar to the original.
The Reverse-Flash appears as the main antagonist in the film Lego DC Comics Super Heroes: The Flash, voiced by Dwight Schultz.
Professor Zoom returns as the main antagonist in Suicide Squad: Hell to Pay with C. Thomas Howell reprising his role. In the course of the film, it is revealed that Thawne is barely keeping himself alive after being fatally shot by the Flashpoint Batman, consolidating his speed to draw out the moment of his death, keeping himself alive despite having a large hole in his head. However, this leaves him with only a limited amount of speed force energy to use before he will exhaust the last of his power, which will kill him for good. He attempts to acquire a 'Get Out of Hell Free' card that would allow him to ascend to Heaven and escape his fate, but Bronze Tiger and Deadshot are able to take the card from him as Deadshot attracts his attention before Bronze Tiger cuts off Thawne's fingers as he holds the card as Deadshot fires multiple shoots at Zoom (forming an "X" in the villain's body) and shoots his head, killing him once and for all.
Video games[edit]
Professor Zoom appears in various storylines in DC Universe Online.
Professor Zoom is one of the villains recruited by Brainiac to collect Starites in Scribblenauts Unmasked: A DC Comics Adventure. He teams up with Doppelgänger to compete against the Flash and Maxwell.
The Reverse-Flash appears as an unlockable playable character in Lego Batman 3: Beyond Gotham, voiced by Liam O'Brien.
Injustice[edit]
Eobard Thawne is featured in Injustice: Gods Among Us. His Black Lantern design was a playable alternate skin for the Flash as part of a limited exclusive challenge. The 2.6 update for the iOS and Android mobile app introduced a Reverse-Flash card (based on Tom Cavanagh's portrayal and likeness on the TV series The Flash) that can be purchased in the Most Wanted Pack.[47]
The Reverse-Flash appears as a playable character in Injustice 2 via "premier skins", voiced again by Liam O'Brien.[48][49] After being trapped in a paradox when the Regime kills one of his ancestors, Reverse-Flash is left stranded in the 21st Century and joins Gorilla Grodd's "Society". He attempts to kill the Flash with Captain Cold and Deadshot, before being defeated by Wonder Woman at a bar in Metropolis.
Parodies[edit]
Eobard Thawne has made multiple appearances on Robot Chicken. Seth Green voices him in "Losin' the Wobble", where he robs a bank while the Flash, Superman and Wonder Woman stand idly by, commenting on how lame they think opposite-themed villains like the Reverse-Flash, Bizarro Superman and Negative Wonder Woman are. Matthew Senreich voices him in the Robot Chicken DC Comics Special 2: Villains in Paradise, where he is seen with the Legion of Doom. He makes a non-speaking cameo while fighting the Flash in the Robot Chicken DC Comics Special III: Magical Friendship. Tom Cavanagh reprises his role from the TV series The Flash in the episode "Ants on a Hamburger", where he appears as Harrison Wells.
Merchandise[edit]
A DC Universe Action League mini figure of Professor Zoom was released in a two-pack with the Flash.[50]
A Reverse-Flash collectible statue was included in the Justice League: The Flashpoint Paradox Blu-ray combo pack.
A Professor Zoom mini figure was released in DC Direct's Blammoids line.[51]
A Reverse-Flash mini figure was released in Funko Mystery Minis' DC Comics wave.[52]
Funko has released three POP! vinyl figures of Eobard Thawne. The first being based on his appearance in the comic books, the second a Black Lantern exclusive, and the third a The Flash television series version.[53][54][55]
A 2-inch keychain of the Reverse-Flash was released in series 2 of the DC Comics Figural Keychain line.[56]
DC Collectibles has released a 6.75-inch action figure of the Reverse-Flash as part of the Amazon exclusive Blu-ray edition of the complete first season of the TV series The Flash in December 2015.[57]
A GameStop exclusive vinyl collectible of the Reverse-Flash has been released in Dorbz's The Flash wave.[58]
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ "'The Flash' & 'Arrow' Stars Battle in 'Superhero Fight Club' Promo". April 13, 2015. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Holmes, Adam (2015). "The Flash: Dr. Wells Just Revealed His Biggest Secrets". Cinemablend.
Jump up ^ Dyce, Andrew (2015). "Eobard Thawne: 'The Flash's Best Twist, or Its Worst?". Screenrant.
Jump up ^ Dyce, Andrew (2014). "'The Flash': First Set Photos of Reverse-Flash in Costume". Screenrant.
Jump up ^ Bucksbaum, Sydney (July 23, 2016). "Comic-Con: 'Legends of Tomorrow' to Tackle Legion of Doom Villain Team In Season 2". The Hollywood Reporter.
Jump up ^ Schneider, Michael (September 9, 2016). "Greg Berlanti Interview: How TV's Superhero Guru is Managing Crossovers, 'Supergirl's Move and New Inspirations". Indiewire. Archived from the original on November 17, 2016. Retrieved November 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Flashpoint Paradox spins an alternative tale". IGN. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Parungo, Nicolo (2015-10-24). "Injustice mobile game update adds Reverse Flash, Arkham Knight, Survival Mode and more". International Business Times. Retrieved 2017-05-05.
Jump up ^ Romano, Sal (2017-01-17). "Injustice 2 story trailer, Darkseid pre-order DLC and special editions announced". Gematsu. Retrieved 2017-01-17.
Jump up ^ Skrebels, Joe (2017-01-18). "Injustice 2: 3 Extra DC Characters Added as Alternate Skins in Special Edition". IGN. Retrieved 2017-01-18.
Jump up ^ "DC Universe Action League Mini Figure 2Pack Professor Zoom The Flash". Retrieved 2017-07-31.
Jump up ^ "DC Blammoids Series 4: Zoom". Retrieved 2017-07-31.
Jump up ^ "Funko Mystery Minis Vinyl Figure - DC Comics Series 2 - Justice League Super Heroes - REVERSE FLASH". Retrieved 2017-07-31.
Jump up ^ "Funko Pop Heroes Reverse Flash Pop Vinyl Figure". Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Funko POP! The Black Flash #22 Fugitive Toys Exclusive". Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Funko Pop Tv: The Flash-Reverse Flash Action Figure". Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "DC Series 2 Collectible Blind Bag Key Chains". Retrieved 2017-07-29.
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Jump up ^ "Funko Dorbz: DC Comics - The Flash Reverse Flash #192 (Gamestop Exclusive)". Retrieved 2017-07-29.
External links[edit]
Professor Zoom at the DC Database
Reverse-Flash at dccomics.com
Professor Zoom at Those Who Ride the Lightning
Professor Zoom at the DCU Guide
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Stadion (running race)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the ancient running event and building. For other uses, see Stadion (disambiguation).
The stadion of ancient Nemea, Greece.
Stadion or stade (Ancient Greek: στάδιον) was an ancient running event, part of the Ancient Olympic Games and the other Panhellenic Games. It was one of the five major Pentathlon events. It was the premier event of the gymnikos agon (nude competition).[1] From the years 776 to 724 BC, the stadion was the only event that took place at the Olympic Games. The victor gave his name to the entire four-year Olympiad, which has allowed scholars to know the names of nearly every ancient Olympic stadion winner.[1]
The stadion was named after the building in which it took place, also called the stadion. This word became stadium in Latin, which became the English word stadium. There were other types of running events, but the stadion was the most prestigious; the winner was often considered to be the winner of an entire Games. Though a separate event, the stadion was also part of the ancient Pentathlon.
At the Olympic Games, the stadion (building) was big enough for 20 competitors, and the race was a 200 yd (180 m) sprint,[2] but the original stadion track in Olympia measures approximately 210 yd (190 m). The race began with a trumpet blow, with officials (the agonothetai - ἀγωνοθέται) at the starting blocks to make sure there were no false starts. There were also officials at the end to decide on a winner and to make sure no one had cheated. If the officials decided there was a tie, the race would be re-run. Runners started the race from a standing position, probably with their arms stretched out in front of them, instead of starting in a crouch like modern runners.[2] They ran naked on a packed earth track. By the fifth century, the track was marked by a stone-starting line, the balbis. Advancements in this stone starting block led to it having a set of double grooves (10–12 cm (3.9–4.7 in) apart) in which the runner placed his toes. The design of these grooves were intended to give the runner leverage for his start.[3]
The winner of the stadion in the first Olympic Games was Coroebus of Elis.
The race gave its name to the unit of length, the Stadion.
See also[edit]
Running in Ancient Greece
Olympic winners of the Stadion race
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Miller, Stephen G. (2004). Ancient Greek Athletics. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 31.
^ Jump up to: a b Harris, H.A. (1964). Greek Athletes and Athletics. London: Hutchinson. pp. 65–66.
Jump up ^ Miller, p. 35
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text:
Pro Football Hall of Fame
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Pro Football Hall of Fame
Location of Pro Football Hall of Fame
Established
1963
Location
2121 George Halas Dr NW, Canton, Ohio
Coordinates
40°49′16″N 81°23′52″W / 40.82111°N 81.39778°W / 40.82111; -81.39778Coordinates: 40°49′16″N 81°23′52″W / 40.82111°N 81.39778°W / 40.82111; -81.39778
Type
Professional sports hall of fame
Visitors
191,943 (2010)[1]
President
C. David Baker
Website
profootballhof.com
The Pro Football Hall of Fame is the hall of fame for professional American football, located in Canton, Ohio. Opened in 1963, the Hall of Fame enshrines exceptional figures in the sport of professional football, including players, coaches, franchise owners, and front-office personnel, almost all of whom made their primary contributions to the game in the National Football League (NFL); the Hall inducts between four and eight new enshrinees each year. The Hall of Fame's Mission is to "Honor the Heroes of the Game, Preserve its History, Promote its Values & Celebrate Excellence EVERYWHERE."
With the election of the Class of 2018[2] – Bobby Beathard, Robert Brazile, Brian Dawkins, Jerry Kramer, Ray Lewis, Randy Moss, Terrell Owens, and Brian Urlacher – there are a total of 318 members of the Hall of Fame.[3]
Part of the American football series on
History of American football
• Origins of American football
• Early history of American football
• First game
• Walter Camp
• First pro player
• First pro league
• Modern history of American football
• Close relations:
• Medieval football
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• Homosexuality in American football
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• College Football Hall of Fame
• Years in American football
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• College football season-by-season
• Glossary of American football
American football Portal
v
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Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Executive Directors/Presidents of Hall of Fame
2 Inductees
2.1 Selection process
2.1.1 Selection Committee
2.1.2 Voting procedure
2.2 Enshrinement ceremony
3 Hall of Fame Game
4 Criticism
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
Old entrance to The Pro Football Hall of Fame in Canton, Ohio
The community of Canton, Ohio successfully lobbied the NFL to have the Hall of Fame built in their city for two reasons: first, the NFL was founded in Canton in 1920 (at that time it was known as the American Professional Football Association); second, the now-defunct Canton Bulldogs were a successful NFL team based in Canton during the first few years of the league. Groundbreaking for the building was held on August 11, 1962. The original building contained just two rooms, and 19,000 square feet (1,800 m2) of interior space.[4]
In April 1970, ground was broken for the first of many expansions. This first expansion cost $620,000, and was completed in May 1971. The size was increased to 34,000 square feet (3,200 m2) by adding another room. The pro shop opened with this expansion. This was also an important milestone for the Pro Football Hall of Fame, as yearly attendance passed the 200,000 mark for the first time. This was at least in some part due to the increase in popularity of professional football caused by the advent of the American Football League and its success in the final two AFL-NFL World Championship games.[4]
Inside the original structure in 2008.
In November 1977, work began on another expansion project, costing US$1,200,000. It was completed in November 1978, enlarging the gift shop and research library, while doubling the size of the theater. The total size of the hall was now 50,500 square feet (4,690 m2), more than 2.5 times the original size.[4]
The building remained largely unchanged until July 1993. The Hall then announced yet another expansion, costing US$9,200,000, and adding a fifth room. This expansion was completed in October 1995. The building's size was increased to 82,307 square feet (7,647 m2). The most notable addition was the GameDay Stadium, which shows an NFL Films production on a 20-foot (6.1 m) by 42-foot (13 m) Cinemascope screen.[4]
In 2013, the Hall of Fame completed its largest expansion and renovation today. Currently, the Hall of Fame consists of 118,000 square feet.
An $800 million expansion project, Johnson Controls Hall of Fame Village, is underway and will be completed to coincide with the NFL's Centennial in 2020.[5]
Executive Directors/Presidents of Hall of Fame[edit]
Dick McCann (April 4, 1962-November 1967)
Dick Gallagher (April 1968-December 31, 1975)
Pete Elliott (February 1979-October 31, 1996)
John Bankert (November 1, 1996-December 31, 2005)
Steve Perry (April 24, 2006-January 2014)
David Baker (January 6, 2014-present)[6]
Inductees[edit]
The Hall is made up of several sections, at heart is the display of inductees.
Main article: List of Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees
Through 2017, all inductees except one, played some part of their professional career in the NFL (the lone exception is Buffalo Bills guard Billy Shaw, who played his entire career in the American Football League (AFL) prior to the 1970 AFL–NFL merger). Though several Hall of Famers have had AFL, Canadian Football League, World Football League, United States Football League, Arena Football League and/or Indoor Football League experience, and there is a division of the Hall devoted to alternative leagues such as this, to this point no players have made the Hall without having made significant contributions to either the NFL, AFL or All-America Football Conference. For CFL stars, there is a parallel Canadian Football Hall of Fame; only one player (Warren Moon) and one coach (Bud Grant) are in both halls.
The Chicago Bears have the most Hall of Famers among the league's franchises with either 34 or 28 enshrinees depending on whether you count players that only played a small portion of their careers with the team .[7]
Selection process[edit]
Selection Committee[edit]
www.profootballhof.com/heroes-of-the-game/becoming-a-hall-of-famer/
Enshrinees are selected by a 48-person committee, largely made up of media members, officially known as the Selection Committee.[8]
Each city that has a current NFL team sends one representative from the local media to the committee. A city with more than one franchise sends a representative for each franchise.
There are also 15 at-large delegates including one representative from the Pro Football Writers Association. Except for the PFWA representative, who is appointed to a two-year term, all other appointments are open-ended and terminated only by death, incapacitation, retirement, or resignation.[8]
Voting procedure[edit]
Tom Benson Hall of Fame Stadium with the Hall of Fame in lower right
To be eligible for the nominating process, a player or coach must have been retired for at least five years. Any other contributor such as a team owner or executive can be voted in at any time.[9]
Fans may nominate any player, coach or contributor by simply writing to the Pro Football Hall of Fame via letter or email. The Selection Committee is then polled three times by mail to eventually narrow the list to 25 semifinalists: once in March, once in September, and once in October. In November, the committee then selects 15 finalists by mail balloting. A Seniors and Contributors Committee, subcommittees of the overall Selection Committee, nominate Seniors (those players who completed their careers more than 25 years ago) and Contributors (individuals who made contributions to the game in areas other than playing or coaching). The Seniors Committee and Contributors Committee add two or one finalist(s) on alternating years which makes a final ballot of 18 finalists under consideration by the full committee each year.[9] Committee members are instructed to only consider a candidate's professional football contributions and to disregard all other factors.[10]
The Selection Committee then meets on "Selection Saturday," the day before each Super Bowl game to elect a new class. To be elected, a finalist must receive at least 80 percent support from the Board, with at least four, but no more than eight, candidates being elected annually. Once a contributor is inducted into the Hall, they cannot be banished and remain an inductee forever.[10]
Enshrinement ceremony[edit]
A football signed by the 1974 Pro Football Hall of Fame enshrinement class
The enshrinement ceremony is usually held during the first full weekend in August. An enshrinement celebration is held throughout the week in Canton surrounding the enshrinement ceremony.[11]
Enshrinees do not go into the Pro Football Hall of Fame as a member of a certain team. Rather, all of an enshrinee's affiliations are listed equally.[9] While the Baseball Hall of Fame plaques generally depict each of their inductees wearing a particular club's cap (with a few exceptions, such as Catfish Hunter and Greg Maddux), the bust sculptures of each Pro Football Hall of Fame inductee make no reference to any specific team. In addition to the bust that goes on permanent display at the Hall of Fame, inductees receive a distinctive Gold Jacket and previous inductees nearly always wear theirs when participating at new inductee ceremonies.
Previous induction ceremonies were held during the next day (Sunday from 1999–2005, Saturday in 2006), situated on the steps of the Hall of Fame building. Starting in 2002, the ceremony was moved to Fawcett Stadium, where it was held from 1963 to 1965. Since 2007, the enshrinement ceremony has been held on the Saturday night.[12]
Hall of Fame Game[edit]
Main article: Pro Football Hall of Fame Game
The Hall of Fame Game, the annual NFL preseason opener, is played in Tom Benson Hall of Fame Stadium in Canton, Ohio. In 2017, the Hall of Fame Game was held for the first time on Thursday night. The preseason classic kicks off Enshrinement Week Powered by Johnson Controls and officially kicks off the NFL preseason.
Criticism[edit]
The "Other Leagues" display includes the USFL; inductee Jim Kelly's jersey is in the foreground.
The Pro Football Hall of Fame uses only media representatives to select inductees. This, along with its policy of inducting only a maximum of seven players a year (six in certain years past), with a current maximum of two "senior" candidates and five "non-seniors," has been criticized by sports columnists, former players, and football fans.[11] Such critics would like to see solutions such as expanding the number of selectors, rotating panel members on and off the selection committee, and allowing former players to participate in the voting.[13] The small number of candidates elected each year has helped foster what some perceive as an inequality of representation at certain positions or in certain categories of player, with defensive players in general and defensive backs and outside linebackers in particular, special teams players, wide receivers, deserving players who primarily played on bad teams, and those from the "seniors" category, being slighted. This has included a 2009 New York Times article which criticized the Hall for not including punter Ray Guy on its ballot, also noting that the Hall did not have an inductee at the time representing the position.[13] (At least two inductees, Sammy Baugh and Yale Lary, punted in addition to playing other positions.) Guy was eventually inducted as part of the 2014 class for the Hall of Fame. There has also been criticism that certain players get overlooked because their team underproduced during their careers.[14]
The Pro Football Hall of Fame is unique among North American major league sports halls of fame in that officials have generally been excluded from the Hall; only one, 1966 inductee Hugh "Shorty" Ray, has been enshrined. The National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame and Hockey Hall of Fame have each inducted game officials as members. In part to rectify the lack of officials and other off-field contributors, the Hall of Fame added a “Contributors” committee beginning with the class of 2015, which will nominate officials, general managers, owners and other positions that have historically been overlooked by the committee at large.[15]
Another prominent absence from the Hall is sports-journalist Howard Cosell, who has yet to be awarded the Pete Rozelle Radio-Television Award despite his well-known association with Monday Night Football. An August 2010 Sports Illustrated article hints that Cosell may have even been "blacklisted" by the NFL.[16][17]
In 2015, the exclusion of Marvin Harrison from the yearly induction caused some to question the effect politics[clarification needed] has on the induction process. Harrison ranks 3rd all-time in receptions, was selected to the Pro Bowl eight times among many other individual records. He was also named as the hardest receiver to cover by veteran cornerbacks Champ Bailey and Charles Tillman. The duo of Harrison and quarterback Peyton Manning also hold the record for most receptions, touchdowns, and yards between any quarterback and wide receiver combo. Critics argue the induction committee is allowing age and wait time to overshadow production.[18][better source needed] Harrison was inducted into the Hall of Fame as part of the Class of 2016.
As the late 2010s approached, a number of controversial and polarizing figures began to reach eligibility for the Hall. Terrell Owens's exclusion from the Hall in his first two years of eligibility despite his strong individual statistics was a subject of public debate.[19] Owens was elected to the Hall of Fame in 2018.
Pro Football Hall of Fame (old entrance).
See also[edit]
Touchdown Club Charities Hall of Fame
Canadian Football Hall of Fame
Arena Football Hall of Fame
Dick McCann Memorial Award—sometimes referred to as the "writer's wing" of the Pro Football Hall of Fame
Pete Rozelle Radio-Television Award
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "History of the Pro Football Hall of Fame". Pro Football Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on February 6, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Class of 2018 | Pro Football Hall of Fame Official Site". www.profootballhof.com. Retrieved 2018-03-09.
Jump up ^ "List of Hall of Fame members". Archived from the original on February 6, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "The Pro Football Hall of Fame: Then and Now". Pro Football Hall of Fame. January 1, 2005. Archived from the original on February 6, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2011.
Jump up ^ Tendler, Alexandra. "$800 million 'Disneyland' for football will open in 2020, NFL Hall of Fame pres. says". FoxBusiness.com. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "History of the Pro Football Hall of Fame". Pro Football Hall of Fame. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Chicago Bears: Team History". Pro Football Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on February 6, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Selection Process". Pro Football Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on February 6, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Selection Process FAQ". Pro Football Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on February 6, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Canton welcome mat still out for O.J. Simpson". ESPN.com. July 21, 2017. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "2012 Pro Football Hall of Fame Enshrinement Festival Schedule". Pro Football Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on February 6, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Class of 2007 Presenters". Pro Football Hall of Fame. July 2, 2007. Archived from the original on February 6, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Joyner, K C (January 25, 2009). "A Case for Ray Guy Belonging in Pro Football Hall of Fame". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ Barall, Andy (February 16, 2012). "How to Fix Football's Hall of Fame Voting System". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ King, Peter (October 21, 2014). Behind the HOF’s New Contributor Committee. SI.com. Retrieved October 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ Billson, Marky (August 4, 2010). "As strange as it sounds, Howard Cosell has never won Rozelle award". Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on October 6, 2010. Retrieved August 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ Researcher, NFL (February 4, 2013). "Cronyism on the part of the NFL and the Pro Football Hall of Fame?". NFL Sports Blog.
Jump up ^ "Marvin Harrison was snubbed simply because he hasn't waited long enough". Stampede Blue. Retrieved 2015-12-13.
Jump up ^ "One Hall of Fame voter sheds light on why Terrell Owens didn't make it in".
External links[edit]
Official website
Media related to Pro Football Hall of Fame at Wikimedia Commons
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