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AARP
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AARP, Inc.
AARP logo, effective January 2007
Headquarters in Washington, D.C.
Predecessor
National Retired Teachers Association
Formation
1958; 60 years ago (1958) (as American Association of Retired Persons)
Founder
Ethel Percy Andrus
Tax ID no.
95-1985500
Headquarters
Washington, D.C., U.S.
Coordinates
38°53′48″N 77°01′15″W / 38.896769°N 77.020826°W / 38.896769; -77.020826Coordinates: 38°53′48″N 77°01′15″W / 38.896769°N 77.020826°W / 38.896769; -77.020826
Membership
37,000,000+
Chief Executive Officer
Jo Ann Jenkins
Foundation President
Lisa Marsh Ryerson
Board Chair
Joan R. Ruff
Subsidiaries
AARP Foundation;
AARP Institute;
Legal Counsel for the Elderly;
AARP Experience Corps;
AARP Insurance Plan;
AARP Financial Services Corporation;
AARP Services Inc
Revenue (2014)
$1,486,310,000
Expenses (2014)
$1,468,824,000
Staff
1,986
Volunteers
17,499
Website
www.aarp.org
Formerly called
American Association of Retired Persons
[1][2]
AARP, Inc. (formerly American Association of Retired Persons) is a United States-based interest group that focuses on the elderly, especially on how they can continue to live well after retirement. In 2016, it had a membership of over 37 million people.
AARP was founded in 1958 by Ethel Percy Andrus (a retired educator from California) and Leonard Davis (later the founder of the Colonial Penn Group of insurance companies).[3][4] It is a 501c4 non-profit organization which aims to "enhance the quality of life for all as they age," according to its website. It also has members who are less than 50 years of age. The association advocates for social change and provides information, advocacy, and service to its members. It is an important lobbying group in the United States.[5][6] It updates special money related information and a "fraudwatch" on its website, to warn people of scams. Its fraudwatch includes write ups by Frank Abagnale from the FBI.[7]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Activities
2.1 Overview
3 Affiliates
3.1 AARP Services, Inc. and AARP Financial Incorporated
3.2 AARP Foundation
3.3 AARP Driver Safety
3.4 AARP publications and broadcasts
3.4.1 English language
3.4.2 Spanish language
4 AARP Awards
5 Health care
5.1 Health insurance
5.2 Single payer
6 Social Security
7 Criticism
7.1 Executive compensation, benefits, and travel
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
11 Further reading
History[edit]
According to the group's official history, Dr. Ethel Percy Andrus founded AARP in 1958. AARP evolved from the National Retired Teachers Association (NRTA), which Andrus had established in 1947 to promote her philosophy of productive aging, and to promote health insurance for retired teachers. After ten years, she opened the organization to all Americans over 50, creating AARP.[8] Today, the NRTA is a division within AARP.[9]
Critics of AARP offer an alternative version of the group's origins. 60 Minutes reported in a 1978 exposé that AARP had been established as a marketing device by Leonard Davis, founder of the Colonial Penn Group insurance companies, after he met Ethel Percy Andrus.[10] According to critics, until the 1980s AARP was controlled by Davis, who promoted its image as a non-profit advocate of retirees in order to sell insurance to members.[11] Possibly as a result of this report, AARP conducted a competitive bidding process, and, in 1980, shifted the insurance contracts available to members to Prudential Financial.[12]
In the 1990s, the United States Senate investigated AARP's non-profit status, with Republican Senator Alan K. Simpson, then chairman of the United States Senate Finance Subcommittee on Social Security, Pensions, and Family Policy, questioning the organization's tax-exempt status in congressional hearings. According to Charles Blahous, the investigations did not reveal sufficient evidence to change the organization's status,[13] though in an interview years later by the Des Moines Register, Senator Simpson remained "troubled by AARP's practices", calling AARP "the biggest marketing operation in America and money-maker" and an organization whose practices are "the greatest abuse of American generosity I witnessed in my time in the U.S. Senate".[14]
The organization was originally named the American Association of Retired Persons, but in 1999 it officially changed its name to "AARP" (pronounced one letter at a time, "ay ay ar pee") to reflect that its focus was no longer American retirees.[15] AARP no longer requires that members be retired, but they must be at least age 50 (although a membership includes free membership for a spouse or partner who may not yet be 50).
All people age 50 and older are eligible for full membership with AARP. For those under the age of 50, AARP offers associate memberships that automatically convert to full membership at the age of 50th birthday.[16]
Activities[edit]
Former United States Secretary of Labor Perez at AARP's Life@50+ event in 2015.
Overview[edit]
AARP addresses issues affecting older Americans through lobbying efforts at the state and national governmental level, an activity permitted by its 501(c)(4) status. The organization says that it is non-partisan and does not support, oppose or give money to any candidates or political parties. The total revenue for 2006 was approximately $1 billion and it spent $23 million on lobbying.[17] Middle-class security has been a major focus for the organization in recent years.[18] AARP also provides extensive consumer information, volunteer opportunities, and events including the annual National Event & Expo (2013 in Las Vegas from May 30–June 1 and in Atlanta from October 3–5).
AARP volunteers packing food for older Americans in need at packing event in Miami.
AARP launched Life Reimagined in May 2013, calling it a "first-of-its-kind series of online and offline experiences that guide people through life transitions by helping them discover new possibilities and connect with a community of people pursuing similar passions and goals".[19] USA Today called the iniative "the latest step for the AARP ... as it continues to rebrand itself and become the go-to address for feeling good about aging.[20]
Affiliates[edit]
AARP has several affiliated organizations including:
AARP Foundation, a 501c3 non-profit charity that helps people over age 50 who are at social and economic risk;It includes
AARP Experience Corps, a 501c3 non-profit charity that encourages people over age 50 to mentor and tutor school children;
AARP Institute, a non-profit charity that holds some of AARP's charitable gift annuity funds;
AARP Services Inc., a for-profit corporation that provides quality control and research,
Legal Counsel for the Elderly, a 501c3 non-profit charity that provides legal assistance to seniors in Washington, D.C.[1][21]
AARP Financial Services Corporation, a for-profit corporation that holds AARP's real estate;
AARP Insurance Plan, an organization that holds some of AARP's group health insurance policies;
Because of AARP's vast membership, it is able to generate its own income without being dependent on government grants or private donors, though it receives both of these for specific programs. According to its 2015 Consolidated Financial Statement, the largest sources of income were:
royalties for the rights to use AARP's intellectual property (name, logo, etc.) paid by commercial providers of products, services and discounts for AARP members ($838,649,000);
membership dues ($295,180,000); and
advertisements placed in its publications ($149,604,000).[22]
AARP Services, Inc. and AARP Financial Incorporated[edit]
AARP Services, Inc., founded in 1999, is a wholly owned taxable subsidiary of AARP that manages the range of products and services offered as benefits to members. Its offers include Medicare supplemental insurance; member discounts on rental cars, cruises, vacation packages and lodging; special offers on technology and gifts; pharmacy services; legal services; and long-term care insurance. AARP Services founded AARP Financial Incorporated, a subsidiary that manages AARP-endorsed financial products including AARP Funds. In a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission in June 2010, AARP Financial announced the discontinuation of AARP Funds[23] AARP Services develops new products, manages and markets products and services, and creates and maintains partnership and sponsorship relationships.
AARP Foundation[edit]
AARP Foundation[24] is AARP's affiliated charity. Foundation programs provide security, protection and empowerment for older persons in need. Low-income older workers receive the job training and placement they need to re-join the workforce. Free tax preparation is provided for low- and moderate-income individuals, with special attention to those 60 and older. The Foundation's litigation staff protects the legal rights of older Americans in critical health, long-term care, consumer and employment situations. Additional programs provide information, education, and services to ensure that people over 50 lead lives of independence, dignity, and purpose. Foundation programs are funded by grants, tax-deductible contributions and AARP.
The AARP Foundation's website claims the nonprofit "wants to win back opportunity for those now in crisis, so thousands of vulnerable low-income Americans 50+ can regain their foothold, continue to serve as anchors for their families and communities and ensure that their best life is still within reach." Key areas of focus are hunger, income, housing, and isolation. The Foundation's vision is "a country that is free of poverty where no older person feels vulnerable."
One of the goals of the AARP Foundation is its Drive to End Hunger. In 2011, AARP and AARP Foundation formed a relationship with NASCAR driver Jeff Gordon and Hendrick Motorsports to increase awareness of hunger in America with the No. 24 Drive to End Hunger race car and related food drives.[25] Through the Drive to End Hunger program, AARP also sponsored Hendrick driver Kasey Kahne, beginning in 2016.[26]
AARP Driver Safety[edit]
In 1979, AARP introduced the nation's first[citation needed] driver safety course geared towards older adults. AARP Driver Safety,[27] which can be completed in a classroom setting or online, teaches defensive driving techniques and provides "added information on age-related cognitive and physical changes that affect driving."[28] The course is instructed and promoted by volunteers throughout the U.S.
In addition to course fees, the program is supported by a grant from the automobile manufacturer, Toyota.[29] Over half million drivers completed the course in 2012 and over 15 million people completed the courses since 1979.[30][31]
AARP publications and broadcasts[edit]
English language[edit]
AARP The Magazine with their approximately 37 million readers and the AARP Bulletin with 29.7 million, are the two largest-circulation publications in the United States.[32][33]
The organization publishes AARP The Magazine[34] (known until 2002 as Modern Maturity), a lifestyle magazine for people 50+. Established in 1958,[35] the magazine is distributed bi-monthly to AARP members.
AARP Bulletin, subtitled "The Newspaper for 50-Plus America", is published monthly, 10 times per year, and requires membership and an additional subscription fee.[36]
The Journal, released by AARP's International Office, is a policy publication on health and financial security issues facing a global population.[37]
The AARP Booth at the 2017 Boston Pride Festival.
The organization also produces radio and television programs and has a book division.[citation needed]
Inside E Street, hosted by broadcast journalist Lark McCarthy, takes a "nonpartisan, civil look into issues critical to Americans"[38]
Movies for Grownups, is a weekly two-minute program hosted and produced by Bill Newcott, creator of AARP's Movies for Grownups franchise, heard on stations nationwide and online at the radioprimetime website.
Prime Time Focus, hosted by Alyne Ellis, is a 90-second daily feature with a five-minute weekend edition heard on more than 500 stations.[citation needed]
Prime Time Radio, hosted by broadcaster Mike Cuthbert, is a one-hour weekly interview program that focuses on the interests and concerns of Americans aged 50 and older. The program is heard on radio stations mainly in the United States.[39]
Spanish language[edit]
AARP en Español is the AARP's Spanish-language multimedia platform. Offerings include a Spanish-language website, a Spanish-language YouTube channel, and informational resources.
AARP Awards[edit]
The Inspire Awards “honor 10 people over age 50 each year who continue to make a significant impact.”[40] Past recipients include: Maya Angelou,[41][42] Caroline Kennedy,[43] Jane Goodall,[44] Steve Jobs,[45][44] Daniel Inouye,[45][44] Emilio Estefan,[45][44] Toby Keith,[44][45] Joy Behar,[42] Henry Winkler,[42] Elizabeth Warren,[42] and Tony Danza.[42]
The Movies for Grownups Awards "recognizes achievements of those in the entertainment industry age 50 and over, and the films that speak to that vast audience,"[46] as well as supports the overall goals of the AARP.[47] Past recipients include: Denzel Washington,[48] Annette Bening[48] Jeff Bridges,[48] Viola Davis,[48] Morgan Freeman,[49][48][50] Michael Douglas,[51] and Lily Tomlin.[51]
Health care[edit]
AARP has been active in health care policy debates since the 1960s, and its recent engagement is a reflection of this long-standing involvement.[52]
AARP's public stances influenced the United States Congress' passage of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act, which created Medicare Part D, in 2003, and also influenced the Congress by resisting radical changes to Social Security in 2005.[53][54] AARP also addressed health care issues in their campaign targeting the 2008 elections with Divided We Fail.
In an editorial in the Los Angeles Times, critic Dale Van Atta wrote that AARP does unauthorized lobbying for its membership, and lobbies against the best interests of its membership. He says that by lobbying for the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act, AARP leaders betrayed the membership.[55]
In early 2017, AARP strongly opposed the American Health Care Act of 2017, believing that older Americans would be unfairly burdened with higher premiums and smaller tax credits.[56]
Health insurance[edit]
Approximately seven million people have AARP-branded health insurance, including drug coverage and Medigap, as of April 2007
This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (November 2017)
[57] and the association earns more income from selling insurance to members than from membership dues.[58] In 2008, AARP began offering new health insurance products: an HMO for Medicare recipients, in partnership with UnitedHealth Group; and a PPO and "a high-deductible insurance policy that could be used with a health savings account" to people aged 50–64, in partnership with Aetna.
While AARP is not an insurer, it allows its name to be used by insurance companies in the sale of products, for which it is paid a commission.[59]
Senator Charles E. Grassley (R-Iowa), senior Republican on the Senate Finance Committee, said in 2008 that the "limited benefit" insurance plans offered by AARP through UnitedHealth provided inadequate coverage and were marketed deceptively. One plan offered $5,000 for surgery that may cost two or three times that amount.[60]
AARP conducts a thriving business in marketing branded Medigap policies. As of October 2009, Medical care reform contained a proposal to trim an associated program Medicare Advantage, which was expected to increase demand for Medigap policies.[61] However, as cited above, AARP also brands a Medicare Advantage plan (MedicareComplete), and would also be subject to cuts under health care reform.[62] According to an Annenberg Public Policy Center report, critics have said AARP had a conflict of interest in supporting the Act, because it "derives income from the sale of health and life insurance policies", by licensing its brand to insurance dealers such as New York Life,[63] and would benefit financially from passage of the legislation.[64]
In 2004 BusinessWeek said questions have arisen in the past about whether AARP's commercial interests may conflict with those of its membership, and characterizes many of the funds and insurance policies that AARP markets as providing considerably less benefit than seniors could get on their own.[65]
Single payer[edit]
Single-payer advocates have criticized AARP for not supporting the single-payer or public option during the health care debate.[66] Single-payer advocates supported H.R. 676, proposed by Rep. John Conyers (D-MI). AARP released a statement explaining to its members why the organization was not supporting H.R. 676:
Starting over with a new, "single-payer" program will not eliminate the problems Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP currently face, such as the spiraling costs of procedures and prescription medications, as well as technological advances that are often not comprehensively tested to be proven safe or effective before marketing. H.R. 676 does not address the problem of increasing health-care costs. Rather, it allows costs to continue to grow, which will result in unaffordable coverage.
John Rother, AARP's former chief lobbyist, said the single-payer model would "disrupt the system that is currently in place" and "require a very significant tax increase." But Rother admitted that it would be possible to design a system that would avoid these problems. Since AARP's priorities now are to protect the current programs and implement the Affordable Care Act, Rother said that any effort to promote single payer would be undercutting health reform. Rother said. "To go to a single-payer you do have to trust government. The climate we're in right now is a very hostile climate for something like that."[66]
Rother also thought that an educational effort on the benefits of single payer would undercut the ACA. AARP has not published any material relating to single-payer health insurance on its website, in its several hundred page policy book, or through its Public Policy Institute.[66]
Approximately 60,000 AARP members quit AARP between July 1 and August 18, 2009, in a controversy that arose over AARP's support for U.S. health care reform. FOX News stated, "The Atlanta-based American Seniors Association, which is opposed to President Obama's health care plan, is trying to capitalize on growing public dissatisfaction with the AARP." AARP spokesman Drew Nannis responded that AARP loses about 300,000 members a month on average, and the controversial 60,000 of those that had left had specified leaving over the health care debate. Nannis also stated that the AARP gained 400,000 members and that 1.5 million members renewed their memberships within the same period of time.[67] The American Seniors Association is a for-profit organization operated by the American Seniors Association Holding Group, Inc (ASAHG, Inc).[68][69]
Social Security[edit]
Since March 2012, AARP's You've Earned a Say campaign has sought to foster nonpartisan conversations about how to strengthen Social Security and Medicare. The Richmond (VA) Times-Dispatch reported, "AARP took the debate about Medicare and Social Security from what it called behind closed doors in Washington to a series of town hall meetings around the country to make sure retirees have a voice in the discussion."[70]
In June 2011, AARP dropped its longstanding opposition to cutting Social Security benefits. A news release[71] emphasized "AARP has not changed its position on Social Security." In 2005 AARP led the effort to kill President George W. Bush's plan for partial privatization. AARP now has concluded that change is inevitable, and it wants to be at the table to try to minimize the pain. John Rother, AARP's policy chief and a prime mover for the new position, said "The ship was sailing. I wanted to be at the wheel when that happens." AARP declined to join a coalition of about 300 unions, women's groups and liberal advocacy organizations created to fight Social Security benefit cuts. Rother said, "The coalition's role was to kind of anchor the left, and our role is going to be to actually get something done".[72]
Criticism[edit]
In a November 2008 editorial, The Des Moines Register and the Canada Free Press called AARP a strong lobbying group masquerading as a non profit, meanwhile charging high membership fees and selling expensive private healthcare plans.[73]
Executive compensation, benefits, and travel[edit]
Criticism has also been leveled at the high salaries that AARP staff earn, and the use of first class and business class travel for all their short trips. According to AARP's IRS annual return, Chief Executive Officer Addison B. Rand received $1,698,289 of salary and benefits in 2014 from AARP and its subsidiaries.[74]
All board members, officers, and key employees fly first class on flights longer than five hours unless business class is available.[74] The Chief Executive Officer flies first-class on all flights longer than 90 minutes.[74]
AARP reported that it had spent $8,694,890 on compensation of its officers, directors, and key employees during 2014.[74]
Charity Watch rated the AARP Foundation overall at 81.07 out of 100 possible points for fiscal year 2014, but gave the organization a Financial score of only 73.53 out of 100 for the same time period.[75]
See also[edit]
AARP/Blue Zones Vitality Project
Association of Mature American Citizens
International Association of Homes and Services for the Aging
Gray Panthers
60 Plus Association
Senior citizen
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External links[edit]
AARP Inspire Award Honorees
AARP Movies For Grownups Awards
AARP Spanish-language website
AARP Spanish-language YouTube channel
Further reading[edit]
Lynch, Frederick R. (2011). One Nation Under AARP: The Fight Over Medicare, Social Security, and America's Future. University of California Press.
Morris, Charles R. (1996). The AARP: America's Most Powerful Lobby and the Clash of Generations. Crown. ISBN 0-8129-2753-2.
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Dawn of the Planet of the Apes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Dawn of the Planet of the Apes
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Matt Reeves
Produced by
Peter Chernin
Dylan Clark
Rick Jaffa
Amanda Silver
Written by
Mark Bomback
Rick Jaffa
Amanda Silver
Based on
Characters created
by Rick Jaffa
Amanda Silver
Premise suggested by Planet of the Apes
by Pierre Boulle
Starring
Andy Serkis
Jason Clarke
Gary Oldman
Keri Russell
Toby Kebbell
Kodi Smit-McPhee
Music by
Michael Giacchino
Cinematography
Michael Seresin
Edited by
William Hoy
Stan Salfas
Production
company
Chernin Entertainment
TSG Entertainment
Distributed by
20th Century Fox
Release date
June 26, 2014 (2014-06-26) (Palace of Fine Arts)
July 11, 2014 (2014-07-11) (United States)
Running time
130 minutes[1]
Country
United States[2][3][4]
Language
English
Budget
$235 million (gross)[5]
$208.6 million (net)[5]
Box office
$710.6 million[6]
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes is a 2014 American science fiction film directed by Matt Reeves and written by Mark Bomback, Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver. It stars Andy Serkis, Jason Clarke, Gary Oldman, Keri Russell, Toby Kebbell and Kodi Smit-McPhee. It is the sequel to the 2011 film Rise of the Planet of the Apes, which began 20th Century Fox's reboot of the original Planet of the Apes series. Dawn is set ten years after the events of Rise, and follows a group of people in San Francisco who struggle to stay alive in the aftermath of a plague that is wiping out humanity, while Caesar tries to maintain dominance over his community of intelligent apes.
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes was released in the United States on July 11, 2014 and was met with highly positive reviews, with critics praising its visual effects, story, direction, acting, musical score, action and emotional depth. It was also a box office success, grossing over $710 million worldwide, and making it the eighth highest-grossing film of 2014. The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Visual Effects. It was also nominated for eight Saturn Awards, including Best Science Fiction Film, Best Director for Reeves, and Best Supporting Actor for Serkis.[7]
A third installment, titled War for the Planet of the Apes, was released on July 14, 2017.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
2.1 Apes
2.2 Humans
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Casting
3.3 Filming
3.4 Visual effects
4 Soundtrack
4.1 Track listing
5 Release
5.1 Marketing
6 Reception
6.1 Box office
6.2 Critical response
6.3 Home media
6.4 Accolades
7 Third film
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Plot[edit]
Ten years after the pandemic of the deadly ALZ-113 virus, later called Simian Flu, the worldwide human population was drastically reduced, with only about one in five hundred genetically immune to the virus. Meanwhile, the apes, under the chimpanzee Caesar, all bestowed with genetically enhanced intelligence by the virus, have long established a colony in the Muir Woods near San Francisco.
One day, a group of humans led by a man named Malcolm enter the apes' territory from San Francisco in search of a hydroelectric dam that would restore power to the city. An encounter by Caesar's son Blue Eyes and his friend Ash leads to the latter's injury by a man named Carver. Malcolm manages to prevent further escalation while Caesar orders the humans to leave. Prompted by Koba, a scarred bonobo who holds a grudge against humans for his mistreatment as a test subject, Caesar brings his army to the humans' community at an unfinished tower as a display of strength. Caesar announces his intent to fight the humans if forced to while demanding the humans to stay in their territory. Malcolm convinces his fellow leader Dreyfus to give him time to take a small team to the forest and reconcile with the apes so they can access the dam. He meets with Caesar, who allows them to work on the generator on the condition that they surrender their guns. As Malcolm, his wife Ellie, and son Alexander work, they bond with the apes. The fragile bonding is greatly helped when Ellie, a nurse, effectively treats Cornelia's illness.
Meanwhile, Dreyfus arms his community using the Fort Point armory. Koba discovers the armory and confronts Caesar of this, but accuses him of loving humans more than apes. Caesar beats Koba in response but refrains from killing him. Koba later returns to the armory and takes an assault rifle, killing two guards and then Carver as the humans succeed in repairing the generator and restoring power to the city. Koba takes advantage of their celebration to covertly set fire to the apes' home. He then shoots Caesar, who falls into the underbrush below, and frames the humans for Caesar's apparent death in order to wage war. Koba quickly takes command and leads the apes into San Francisco, where they plunder the armory and mount an assault on the tower. The apes breach the building and imprison the humans as Dreyfus flees underground. When Ash refuses Koba's orders to kill unarmed humans, citing Caesar's teachings, Koba throws the ape to his death and has any other ape loyal to Caesar imprisoned.
Malcolm's family finds Caesar barely alive and transports him to his former house in San Francisco. Caesar reveals that Koba shot him and confesses that apes can be as corrupt and violent as humans. When Malcolm sneaks into the settlement to find medical supplies for Caesar, he encounters Blue Eyes, who spares him before learning that his father is still alive and that it was Koba who shot him, not the humans. After reconciling with Caesar, Blue Eyes returns to the tower and frees the imprisoned humans and apes. Malcolm escorts the apes into the tower, and then finds Dreyfus. He learns that the return of electricity allowed Dreyfus' men to make radio contact with survivors at a military base, who are now coming to fight the apes. Caesar confronts Koba at the top of the tower; as they fight, Dreyfus detonates C-4 charges that destabilize the tower in a failed attempt to kill the apes, at the cost of his own life. Koba starts shooting at the apes, but Caesar tackles him off a ledge. While clinging on a metal girder, Koba is rejected as an ape by Caesar and dropped to his death.
Malcolm and Caesar acknowledge their friendship, with Malcolm warning of the approaching human military. Caesar responds that the humans will never forgive the apes for their attack and convinces Malcolm to leave with his family. He then stands before a kneeling mass of apes, preparing for war.
Cast[edit]
Cast and crew of Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (from left): director Matt Reeves and stars Jason Clarke, Keri Russell and Andy Serkis
Apes[edit]
Andy Serkis as Caesar, a common chimpanzee and the leader of the evolved ape tribe
Toby Kebbell as Koba, a scarred bonobo and Caesar's treacherous lieutenant; previously played by Christopher Gordon in Rise
Judy Greer as Cornelia, a common chimpanzee and Caesar's wife, mother of Blue Eyes and a newborn son; previously played by Devyn Dalton in Rise
Terry Notary as Rocket, a common chimpanzee and Caesar's former rival and enemy turned friend
Karin Konoval as Maurice, a Bornean orangutan and Caesar's friend and advisor
Nick Thurston as Blue Eyes, a common chimpanzee and Caesar and Cornelia's first son
Doc Shaw as Ash, a common chimpanzee, son of Rocket, also Blue Eyes' best friend
Lee Ross as Grey, a common chimpanzee and a follower of Koba, who perishes during Koba's attack on the human city.
Richard King as Stone, a common chimpanzee and a follower of Koba, who after Koba's death, goes on to follow Caesar.
Humans[edit]
Jason Clarke as Malcolm, the leader of the small group that forms a strong bond with Caesar and the other apes
Gary Oldman as Dreyfus, the leader of the remaining human survivors
Keri Russell as Ellie, a former nurse at the CDC, and Malcolm's wife
Kodi Smit-McPhee as Alexander, Malcolm's son from a previous marriage
Kirk Acevedo as Carver, a former San Francisco water worker and a member of Malcolm's group. He is killed by Koba as part of a plot to usurp Caesar's position.
Jocko Sims as Werner, the colony's radio operator
Enrique Murciano as Kemp, a member of Malcolm's group
Keir O'Donnell as Finney, an ally of Dreyfus
Lombardo Boyar as Terry, a guard at the colony's armory
Kevin Rankin as McVeigh, a guard at the colony's armory
Jon Eyez as Foster, a member of Malcolm's group
James Franco (uncredited) as Will Rodman from Rise of the Planet of the Apes, in a cameo via a video from Caesar's childhood
Production[edit]
Film set on Rampart Street, New Orleans, May 2013
Development[edit]
After the release of Rise of the Planet of the Apes, director Rupert Wyatt commented on possible sequels: "I think we're ending with certain questions, which is quite exciting. To me, I can think of all sorts of sequels to this film, but this is just the beginning."[8] Screenwriter and producer Rick Jaffa also stated that Rise featured several clues as to future sequels: "I hope that we're building a platform for future films. We're trying to plant a lot of the seeds for a lot of the things you are talking about in terms of the different apes and so forth."[9]
In an interview recorded after the release of Rise, Wyatt stated, "We want to grow and evolve, in the films that will [hopefully] come after this, to the '68 original."[10] Wyatt also stated that he wants it to take place eight years after Rise, as a whole new ape generation can be born, and explore the dynamics of Caesar and Koba's relationship.[11] According to screenwriter Rick Jaffa, a version of the spaceship from the 1968 Planet of the Apes under the name Icarus was in Rise as a deliberate hint to a possible sequel.[12]
In November 2011, Andy Serkis was the first to be announced as having closed a deal for a sequel to Rise. It was reported to be a "healthy seven-figure deal" for him to reprise his role as Caesar, the ape leader.[13] On May 15, 2012, it was announced Scott Z. Burns had been hired to do rewrites on the original screenplay by Rise writers Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver.[14] On May 31, 2012, 20th Century Fox announced that the sequel would be titled Dawn of the Planet of the Apes.[15]
Post-production
On September 17, 2012, there were reports that director Wyatt was considering leaving the sequel due to his concern that a May 2014 release date would not give him enough time to make the film properly.[16] On October 1, Cloverfield director Matt Reeves was confirmed as his replacement.[17] Reeves had been working on developing a new Twilight Zone film.[18] On October 18, Mark Bomback, writer of Live Free or Die Hard, was reported to be doing a re-write for Reeves.[19]
Casting[edit]
In December 2012, after the departure of director Wyatt, James Franco speculated that he would not be returning for the sequel, saying, "Now Rupert's not a part of it so I don't know. My guess is I won't be in it. Nobody's talked to me since Rupert left."[20] Later, Matt Reeves revealed that Franco would be seen in a cameo in the film.[21][22] Freida Pinto, who played primatologist Caroline Aranha in Rise, confirmed that she would not be returning for Dawn.[23] In April 2014, when asked by IGN about the fate of Franco and Pinto's characters, producer Dylan Clark said, "I mean, they’re the ones that died...They were ground zero of the virus."[24]
In February 2013, actors Gary Oldman, Jason Clarke, and Kodi Smit-McPhee were cast in lead roles for the sequel, set ten years after the events from the first film.[25][26] In March 2013, actress Keri Russell was cast in a role.[27] That same month, Judy Greer was cast as Cornelia, a female chimp and love interest for Caesar.[28] Toby Kebbell, Enrique Murciano and Kirk Acevedo joined the cast during filming.[citation needed] On May 15, 2013, Jocko Sims was cast in a supporting role of military operative Werner.[29]
Filming[edit]
Filming began in April 2013 around the town of Campbell River, British Columbia.[30] The location of Vancouver Island was chosen for its similarity to the locations depicted in the film, the forests, and the variety of landscapes.[31] Filming in New Orleans started in May 2013 and continued in July 2013 at various locations such as the former Six Flags park Six Flags New Orleans.[32]
Visual effects[edit]
Like Rise, visual effects for Dawn were done by Weta Digital. In addition to the apes, Weta created other digital animals, such as a herd of elk, a grizzly bear, and CG doubles of the live horses. The elk were created using key-frame animation and the digital crowd enhancement software MASSIVE, the bear through key-frame animation, and the horses with a mixture of key-frame animation and motion capture.
Soundtrack[edit]
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes
Soundtrack album by Michael Giacchino
Released
August 12, 2014
Recorded
2014
Genre
Film score
Length
77:21
Label
Sony Masterworks
Michael Giacchino film scores chronology
Star Trek Into Darkness
(2013) Dawn of the Planet of the Apes
(2014) This Is Where I Leave You
(2014)
The film's score was composed by Michael Giacchino. The soundtrack was released by Sony Masterworks on July 8, 2014.[33]
Track listing[edit]
All music composed by Michael Giacchino.
No.
Title
Length
1. "Level Plaguing Field" 2:21
2. "Look Who’s Stalking" 2:35
3. "The Great Ape Processional" 4:34
4. "Past Their Primates" 1:57
5. "Close Encounters of the Furred Kind" 4:38
6. "Monkey to the City" 1:16
7. "The Lost City of Chimpanzee" 3:46
8. "Along Simian Lines" 5:04
9. "Caesar No Evil, Hear No Evil" 2:27
10. "Monkey See, Monkey Coup" 5:12
11. "Gorilla Warfare" 7:37
12. "The Apes of Wrath" 4:28
13. "Gibbon Take" 2:55
14. "Aped Crusaders" 3:26
15. "How Bonobo Can You Go" 5:42
16. "Enough Monkeying Around" 3:35
17. "Primates for Life" 5:42
18. "Planet of the End Credits" 8:56
19. "Ain’t That a Stinger (Written By Griffin Giacchino)" 1:10
Release[edit]
On May 31, 2012, Fox announced that Dawn of the Planet of the Apes was scheduled for release on May 23, 2014.[15] It was announced on June 20, 2013 that the release date for Dawn was being pushed back two months to July 18, 2014.[34] On December 10, 2013, the film was pushed up one week to July 11, 2014.[35] The film premiered at the Palace of Fine Arts in San Francisco, California on June 26, 2014.[36] The film closed the 36th Moscow International Film Festival on June 28.[37]
In Hungary, the largest cinema chain called Cinema City could not agree with the film's distributor, InterCom, and as a result it opened on July 17, 2014 on 45 screens, significantly fewer than similar big-budget productions.[38] However, the film still managed to top the weekend box office chart of the country beating Transformers: Age of Extinction, which had been leading the chart for three weeks (on 105 screens distributed by UIP Duna).[39]
Marketing[edit]
A viral marketing campaign for the film launched in July 2013 included a "simian flu" website[40] and mock PSA videos.[41] 20th Century Fox and Vice Media's Motherboard released three short films online in July 2014 which document the ten-year gap between the events of Rise of the Planet of the Apes and Dawn of the Planet of the Apes.[42] A novel titled Dawn of the Planet of the Apes: Firestorm which is also set between the events of the first two films was published in May 2014 by Titan Books.[43] A partnership with 20th Century Fox and Ndemic Creations saw mobile/PC game Plague Inc. get a Dawn of the Planet of the Apes-themed update on July 10, 2014. It allows players to create and customize a simian flu virus to infect the world and eradicate humanity whilst helping apes survive.[44]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes was a success at the box office with many critics calling it "the summer’s best popcorn film",[45] and Deadline.com commented saying it is "a franchise that will keep going and going, unless they screw it up".[46] The film grossed $208,545,589 in the USA & Canada, and $500,290,000 in other countries, for a worldwide total of $708,835,589.[6] Calculating in all expenses and revenues, Deadline.com estimated that the film made a net profit of $182.18 million.[47] It had a worldwide opening of $103.3 million which was the 11th-highest of 2014.[48] Worldwide it is the highest-grossing film in the Planet of the Apes franchise[49] and the eighth-highest-grossing film of 2014.[50]
In the United States and Canada, the film is the highest-grossing film in the Planet of the Apes franchise, unadjusted for inflation[49] and the eighth-highest-grossing film of 2014.[51] It opened on July 11, 2014 across 3,967 theaters and topped the box office on its opening day earning $27.7 million (including previews).[52] During its traditional three-opening, the film debuted at number one earning $72.6 million, which was 33% higher than its predecessor. Box Office Mojo pointed out that the film's good word of mouth as well as its predecessors', its darker tone, attachment of new characters and the first film's way of ending were all determining factors in the film's strong opening.[53] It remained at the summit for two consecutive weekends in North America despite facing competition with The Purge: Anarchy in its second week.[54][55]
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes earned $31.3 million during its opening weekend internationally from 4,913 screens in 26 markets where it opened at No. 1 in 14 of those. International opening weekend tallies of more than $5 million were witnessed in the UK ($14.88 million), Mexico ($12.94 million), South Korea ($11.5 million), Russia ($9.99 million), Brazil with ($9.2 million) and Australia ($6.6 million).[56][57] The film topped the box office outside North America for two non-consecutive weekends.[57][58]
The film became a massive financial success in China where it opened with $47 million on its opening weekend there. The robust debut helped the film top the international charts for the first time dethroning Guardians of the Galaxy and aided the film in passing $400 million internationally and $600 million globally.[59] Fox reported that the sequel's debut in China was one of the best in history for a Western title, save for Iron Man 3, Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen and Transformers: Age of Extinction at that time.[60] After playing for a month in theaters, it passed $100 million on its fourth weekend and became the fourth Hollywood film of the year to achieve such a milestone.[61] In total, it went on to make $107.4 million there, of which the studio received $26.8 million profit.[46]
Critical response[edit]
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes received critical acclaim upon release.[62][63][64] On review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes, it holds a score of 90% based on 287 reviews with a rating average of 7.9/10. The website's consensus reads: "With intelligence and emotional resonance to match its stunning special effects, Dawn of the Planet of the Apes expands on its predecessor with an exciting and ambitious burst of sci-fi achievement."[65] On review aggregator Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average, the film has a "generally favorable" rating score of 79 out of 100 based on 48 reviews.[66]
Guy Lodge of Variety said, "An altogether smashing sequel to 2011's better-than-expected Rise of the Planet of the Apes, this vivid, violent extension of humanoid ape Caesar's troubled quest for independence bests its predecessor in nearly every technical and conceptual department, with incoming helmer Matt Reeves conducting the proceedings with more assertive genre elan than Rise journeyman Rupert Wyatt."[67] Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter stated that the film "manages to do at least three things exceptionally well that are hard enough to pull off individually: Maintain a simmering level of tension without let-up for two hours, seriously improve on a very good first entry in a franchise and produce a powerful humanistic statement using a significantly simian cast of characters. In the annals of sequels, Dawn is to Rise of the Planet of the Apes what The Empire Strikes Back was to Star Wars—it's that much better."[68] Tim Robey of The Daily Telegraph said, "There's evident patience and intelligence to the filmmaking all over, as well as an engagement with genuine ideas about diplomacy, deterrence, law and leadership. However often it risks monkey-mad silliness, it's impressively un-stupid."[69] Drew McWeeny of HitFix awarded the film an "A+" grade and said "Dawn is not just a good genre movie or a good summer movie. It's a great science-fiction film, full-stop, and one of the year's very best movies so far."[70]
Ty Burr of the Boston Globe wrote that "in bearing, speech, and agonized expressiveness, Serkis's Caesar conveys the conflicts of a king with almost Shakespearean grandeur."[71] A.O. Scott of The New York Times praised the film for being able to balance out the action sequences and special effects with strong storytelling, writing that "Dawn is more than a bunch of occasionally thrilling action sequences, emotional gut punches and throwaway jokes arranged in predictable sequence. It is technically impressive and viscerally exciting, for sure, but it also gives you a lot to think, and even to care, about."[72]
Less favorable reviews included Andrew O'Hehir at Salon.com who wrote, "Here's a rule that has gradually become clear to me: Any film that begins with one of those fake-news montages, where snippets of genuine CNN footage are stitched together to concoct a feeling of semi-urgency around its hackneyed apocalypse, already sucks even before it gets started. This one makes a dutiful attempt to struggle back from that suckage, but it all ends in yelling."[73]
Home media[edit]
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes was released by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment on Blu-ray 3D, Blu-ray, and DVD on December 2, 2014.[74] According to Nielsen VideoScan, it subsequently became the best-selling home video release for the week.[75]
Accolades[edit]
Main article: List of accolades received by Dawn of the Planet of the Apes
Third film[edit]
Main article: War for the Planet of the Apes
After seeing his cut of Dawn, 20th Century Fox and Chernin Entertainment signed Matt Reeves to return as director for a third installment of the reboot series. On January 6, 2014, Fox announced Reeves to direct as well as co-write along with Bomback, with a planned July 2016 release. Peter Chernin, Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver will produce.[76] In January 2015, Fox delayed the release to July 14, 2017.[77][78] On May 14, 2015, the title was given as War of the Planet of the Apes.[79] In August 2015, Deadline reported that Gabriel Chavarria was cast as one of the humans in the film.[80] In September 2015, The Hollywood Reporter announced that Woody Harrelson had been cast as the film's antagonist, and that Chavarria's role was small.[81] In October 2015, The Wrap reported that Steve Zahn was cast as a new ape in the film, retitled as War for the Planet of the Apes.[82]
See also[edit]
Uplift (science fiction)
References[edit]
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External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dawn of the Planet of the Apes.
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Official website
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes on IMDb
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes at Box Office Mojo
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Dawn of the Planet of the Apes at Metacritic
[show]
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Miniature (alcohol)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A miniature (50 ml) of Glenfarclas 105 cask-strength whisky, (60% ABV). The bottle is 115 mm tall and 33 mm in diameter.
A collection of miniatures
A miniature is a small bottle of a spirit, liqueur or other alcoholic beverage. Their contents, typically 50 ml, are intended to comprise an individual serving.[1]
Miniatures may be used as gifts, samples, or for promotional purposes. In Scotland and the Northeastern United States they are often known as "Nips", and referred to elsewhere as "airplane bottles". They are sometimes available in hotel mini-bars, on trains[2] and planes,[3] and in other circumstances where serving from a full size bottle is impractical or uneconomical. They are sometimes sold in sets, allowing the comparative tasting of different types of beverage.[4][5] They are also sold in gift sets with a corresponding drinking glass.[6]
Miniatures are collected by some people, with various clubs and societies serving the hobby.[7]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ 50 ml is double the standard 25 ml single measure used in some countries
Jump up ^ "At Seat Catering". Arriva Trains Wales. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Crew pilfering whisky and caviar 'driving Air India bankrupt'". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Highland Park Tasting Collection Malt Whisky Miniature Gift Pack". Amazon.com. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Old Speysides Miniature Set - The Whisky Shop Dufftown". Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Miniature Sheep Dip Whisky 5cl and Tasting Glass Gift Box Gift Sety". Amazon.com. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Midwest Miniature Bottle Collectors". Retrieved 9 March 2017.
External links[edit]
New Zealand Miniature Bottle Club http://www.minisnz.com/
Miniature Bottle Library http://www.minibottlelibrary.com/mbl/index.html
Miniaturas de Colombia http://www.miniaturasdecolombia.com
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Miniature liquor bottles.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miniature_(alcohol)&oldid=823402305"
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