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Order of the British Empire
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"GBE", "KBE", "DBE", "CBE", "OBE", and "MBE" redirect here. For other uses, see GBE (disambiguation), KBE (disambiguation), DBE (disambiguation), CBE (disambiguation), OBE (disambiguation), and MBE (disambiguation).
Most Excellent
Order of the British Empire
CBE neck decoration (in civil division)
Awarded by the sovereign of the United Kingdom
Type
Order of chivalry
Established
1917
Motto
For God and the Empire
Eligibility
British nationals, or anyone who has made a significant achievement for the United Kingdom
Awarded for
Prominent national or regional achievements[1]
Status
Currently constituted
Sovereign
Queen Elizabeth II
Grand Master
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
Grades
Knight/Dame Grand Cross (GBE)
Knight/Dame Commander (KBE/DBE)
Commander (CBE)
Officer (OBE)
Member (MBE)
Former grades
Medal of the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry
Medal of the Order of the British Empire for Meritorious Service
Precedence
Next (higher)
Royal Victorian Order
Next (lower)
Varies, depending on rank
Military ribbon
Civil ribbon
MBE as awarded in 1918
Grand Cross star of the Order of the British Empire
Close-up of an MBE from 1945 showing the "For God and the Empire"
Lieutenant General Sir Robert Fulton, KBE
The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry, rewarding contributions to the arts and sciences, work with charitable and welfare organisations, and public service outside the Civil service.[2] It was established on 4 June 1917 by King George V, and comprises five classes across both civil and military divisions, the most senior two of which make the recipient either a knight if male or dame if female.[3] There is also the related British Empire Medal, whose recipients are affiliated with, but not members of, the order.
Recommendations for appointments to the Order of the British Empire were at first made on the nomination of the United Kingdom, the self-governing Dominions of the Empire (later Commonwealth) and the Viceroy of India. Nominations continue today from Commonwealth countries that participate in recommending British (Imperial) honours. Most Commonwealth countries, such as India, Pakistan, Nigeria and Canada ceased recommendations for appointments to the Order of the British Empire when they created their own honours.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Current classes
2 Styles and honorary knighthoods
3 History
4 Composition
5 Gallantry
6 Vestments and accoutrements
7 Chapel
8 Precedence and privileges
9 Current Knights and Dames Grand Cross
9.1 Knights and Dames Grand Cross
9.2 Honorary
10 Recommendations by Commonwealth countries
11 Criticism
12 See also
13 References
13.1 Citations
13.2 Sources
14 Further reading
15 External links
Current classes[edit]
The five classes of appointment to the Order are, in descending order of precedence:
Knight Grand Cross or Dame Grand Cross of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (GBE)[a]
Knight Commander or Dame Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (KBE or DBE)
Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (CBE)
Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (OBE)
Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (MBE)
Styles and honorary knighthoods[edit]
The senior two ranks of Knight or Dame Grand Cross, and Knight or Dame Commander, entitle their members to use the title of Sir for men and Dame for women before their forename. Most members are citizens of the United Kingdom or the Commonwealth realms that use the Imperial system of honours and awards.
Honorary knighthoods are appointed to citizens of nations where the Queen is not head of state, and may permit use of post-nominal letters but not the title of Sir or Dame. Occasionally, honorary appointees are, incorrectly, referred to as Sir or Dame – Bob Geldof, for example. Honorary appointees who later become a citizen of a Commonwealth realm can convert their appointment from honorary to substantive, then enjoy all privileges of membership of the order, including use of the title of Sir and Dame for the senior two ranks of the Order. An example is Irish broadcaster Terry Wogan, who was appointed an honorary Knight Commander of the Order in 2005, and on successful application for British citizenship, held alongside his Irish citizenship, was made a substantive member and subsequently styled as Sir Terry Wogan.[5][6]
History[edit]
King George V founded the Order to fill gaps in the British honours system:
The Orders of the Garter, Thistle, and of St Patrick honoured royals, peers, statesmen, and eminent military commanders;
The Order of the Bath honoured senior military officers and civil servants;
The Order of St Michael and St George honoured diplomats and colonial officials;
The Order of the Star of India and the Order of the Indian Empire honoured Indian rulers and British and Indian officials of the British Indian Empire; and
The Royal Victorian Order, in the personal gift of the monarch, honoured those who had personally served the royal family.
In particular, King George V wished to create an Order to honour many thousands of those who had served in a variety of non-combatant roles during the First World War. When first established, the Order had only one division. However, in 1918, soon after its foundation, it was formally divided into Military and Civil Divisions.[7] The Order's motto is For God and the Empire.[2]
At the foundation of the Order, the 'Medal of the Order of the British Empire' was instituted, to serve as a lower award granting recipients affiliation but not membership. In 1922, this was renamed the 'British Empire Medal' (BEM). It stopped being awarded by the United Kingdom as part of the 1993 reforms to the honours system, but was again awarded beginning in 2012, starting with 293 BEMs awarded for Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee.[8] In addition, the BEM is awarded by the Cook Islands and by some other Commonwealth nations. In 2004, a report entitled "A Matter of Honour: Reforming Our Honours System" by a Commons committee recommended to phase out the Order of the British Empire, as its title was "now considered to be unacceptable, being thought to embody values that are no longer shared by many of the country's population".[9]
Composition[edit]
The British monarch is Sovereign of the Order, and appoints all other members of the Order (by convention, on the advice of the governments of the United Kingdom and some Commonwealth realms). The next most senior member is the Grand Master, of whom there have been three: Prince Edward, the Prince of Wales (1917–1936); Queen Mary (1936–1953); and the current Grand Master, the Duke of Edinburgh (since 1953).
The Order is limited to 300 Knights and Dames Grand Cross, 845 Knights and Dames Commander, and 8,960 Commanders. There are no limits applied to the total number of members of the fourth and fifth classes, but no more than 858 Officers and 1,464 Members may be appointed per year. Foreign appointees, as honorary members, do not contribute to the numbers restricted to the Order as full members do. Although the Order of the British Empire has by far the highest number of members of the British Orders of Chivalry, with over 100,000 living members worldwide, there are fewer appointments to knighthoods than in other orders.[2]
Though men can be knighted separately from an order of chivalry, women cannot, and so the rank of Knight/Dame Commander of the Order is the lowest rank of damehood, and second-lowest of knighthood (above Knights Bachelor). Because of this, an appointment as Dame Commander is made in circumstances in which a man would be created a Knight Bachelor. For example, by convention, female judges of the High Court of Justice are created Dames Commander after appointment, while male judges become Knights Bachelor.
The Order has six officials: the Prelate; the Dean; the Secretary; the Registrar; the King of Arms; and the Usher. The Bishop of London, a senior bishop in the Church of England, serves as the Order's Prelate. The Dean of St Paul's is ex officio the Dean of the Order. The Order's King of Arms is not a member of the College of Arms, as are many other heraldic officers. The Usher of the Order is known as the Gentleman Usher of the Purple Rod; he does not – unlike his Order of the Garter equivalent, the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod – perform any duties related to the House of Lords.
From time to time, individuals are appointed to a higher grade within the Order, thereby ceasing usage of the junior post-nominal letters.
Gallantry[edit]
The institution of the Order of the British Empire in 1917 was for meritorious service but from the beginning some appointments and some promotions were for acts of gallantry. There were an increased number of cases in the Second World War for service personnel and civilians including the merchant marine, police and emergency services and civil defense mostly MBEs but a small number of CBEs and OBEs. Such awards were for gallantry that did not reach the standard of the George Medal, but, as an Order, were listed before it on the Order of Wear. Awards for meritorious service usually appear without a citation but there were often citations for gallantry awards, some detailed and graphic.[10] From 14 January 1958, these awards were designated Commander, Officer or Member of the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry.[11]
Any individual made a member of the Order for gallantry could wear an emblem of two crossed silver oak leaves on the same riband, ribbon or bow as the badge. It could not be awarded posthumously, and was replaced in 1974 with the Queen's Gallantry Medal (QGM). If recipients of the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry received promotion within the Order, whether for gallantry or otherwise, they continued to wear also the insignia of the lower grade with the oak leaves.[12] However, they only used the post-nominal letters of the higher grade.
Vestments and accoutrements[edit]
Members of the Order wear elaborate vestments on important occasions (such as quadrennial services and coronations), which vary by rank (the designs underwent major changes in 1937):
The mantle, worn by only Knights and Dames Grand Cross, was originally made of yellow satin lined with blue silk, but is now made of rose pink satin lined with pearl-grey silk. On the left side is a representation of the star (see below).
The collar, also worn by only Knights and Dames Grand Cross, is made of gold. It consists of six medallions depicting the Royal Arms, alternating with six medallions depicting the Royal and Imperial Cypher of George V (GRI, which stands for "Georgius Rex Imperator"). The medallions are linked with gold cables depicting lions and crowns.
Knight/Dame Grand Cross insignia
Mantle worn by Knights and Dames Grand Cross (GBE)
Close-up of the star on the mantle
Collar and star of a Knight or Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
Badge as awarded to a female Member of the Order
On certain "collar days" designated by the Sovereign, members attending formal events may wear the Order's collar over their military uniform, formal day dress, or evening wear. When collars are worn (either on collar days or on formal occasions such as coronations), the badge is suspended from the collar. Collars are returned upon the death of their owners, but other insignia may be retained.
At less important occasions, simpler insignia are used:
The star is an eight-pointed silver star used by only Knights and Dames Grand Cross and Knights and Dames Commander. It is worn pinned to the left breast. Varying in size depending on class, it bears a crimson ring with the motto of the Order inscribed. Within the ring, a figure of Britannia was originally shown. Since 1937, however, the effigies of George V and Mary of Teck have been shown instead.
The badge is the only insignia used by all members of the Order. Until 1937, it was suspended on a purple ribbon, with a red central stripe for the military division; since then, the ribbon has been rose-pink with pearl-grey edges, with the addition of a pearl-grey central stripe for the military division. Knights and Dames Grand Cross wear it on a riband or sash, passing from the right shoulder to the left hip. Knights Commander and male Commanders wear the badge from a ribbon around the neck; male Officers and Members wear the badge from a ribbon on the left chest; all females other than Dames Grand Cross wear it from a bow on the left shoulder. The badge is in the form of a cross patonce (having the arms growing broader and floriated toward the end), the obverse of which bears the same field as the star (that is, either Britannia or George V and Queen Mary); the reverse bears George V's Royal and Imperial Cypher. Both are within a ring bearing the motto of the Order. The size of the badges varies according to rank: the higher classes have slightly larger badges. The badges of Knights and Dames Grand Cross, Knights and Dames Commander and Commanders are enamelled with pale blue crosses and crimson rings; those of Officers are plain gold; those of Members are plain silver.
The British Empire Medal is made of silver. On the obverse is an image of Britannia surrounded by the motto, with the words "For Meritorious Service" at the bottom; on the reverse is George V's Imperial and Royal Cypher, with the words "Instituted by King George V" at the bottom. The name of the recipient is engraved on the rim. This medal is nicknamed 'the Gong', and comes in both a full-sized and miniature versions – the latter for formal white-tie and informal black-tie occasions.
A lapel pin for everyday wear was first announced at the end of December 2006, and is available to recipients of all levels of the Order, as well as to holders of the British Empire Medal. The pin design is not unique to any level. The pin features the badge of the Order, enclosed in a circle of ribbon of its colours of pink and grey. Lapel pins must be purchased separately by a member of the Order.[13] The creation of such a pin was recommended in Sir Hayden Phillips' review of the honours system in 2004.[14]
Order of the British Empire ribbon bars
Civil
Military
1917–1935
Since 1936
Chapel[edit]
Chapel of the Order in the crypt of St Paul's Cathedral
The chapel of the Order is in the far eastern end of the crypt of St Paul's Cathedral, but it holds its great services upstairs in the main body of the Cathedral. (The Cathedral also serves as the home of the chapel of The Most Distinguished Order of St Michael and St George.) Religious services for the whole Order are held every four years; new Knights and Dames Grand Cross are installed at these services. The chapel was dedicated in 1960.
Precedence and privileges[edit]
Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander prefix Sir, and Dames Grand Cross and Dames Commander prefix Dame, to their forenames.[b] Wives of Knights may prefix Lady to their surnames, but no equivalent privilege exists for husbands of Knights or spouses of Dames. Such forms are not used by peers and princes, except when the names of the former are written out in their fullest forms. Male clergy of the Church of England or the Church of Scotland do not use the title Sir as they do not receive the accolade (i.e., they are not dubbed "knight" with a sword), although they do append the post-nominal letters: dames do not receive the accolade, and therefore female clergy are free to use the title Dame.
Knights and Dames Grand Cross use the post-nominal, GBE; Knights Commander, KBE; Dames Commander, DBE; Commanders, CBE; Officers, OBE; and Members, MBE. The post-nominal for the British Empire Medal is BEM.
Members of all classes of the Order are assigned positions in the order of precedence. Wives of male members of all classes also feature on the order of precedence, as do sons, daughters and daughters-in-law of Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander; relatives of Ladies of the Order, however, are not assigned any special precedence. As a general rule, individuals can derive precedence from their fathers or husbands, but not from their mothers or wives (see order of precedence in England and Wales for the exact positions).
Knights, Dames and Commanders may display the circlet of the Order on the coat of arms, with the badge of the Order suspended from it.[c]
Knights and Dames Grand Cross are also entitled to be granted heraldic supporters. They may, furthermore, encircle their arms with a depiction of the circlet (a circle bearing the motto) and the collar; the former is shown either outside or on top of the latter. Knights and Dames Commander and Commanders may display the circlet, but not the collar, surrounding their arms. The badge is depicted suspended from the collar or circlet.
Current Knights and Dames Grand Cross[edit]
Sovereign: Queen Elizabeth II
Grand Master: Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
King of Arms: Lieutenant General Sir Robert Fulton, KBE
Knights and Dames Grand Cross[edit]
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Military ranks listed denotes the awarded being in the military division.
Military rank
Name
Post-nominals
Year appointed
Admiral of the Fleet The Duke of Edinburgh KG KT OM GCVO ONZ GBE AK QSO GCL CC CMM PC CD ADC(P) 1953
Air Chief Marshal Sir Peter Le Cheminant GBE KCB DFC* 1978
General Sir Hugh Beach GBE KCB MC 1985
General Sir Frank Kitson GBE KCB MC* DL 1985
Sir Sze Yuen Chung GBE GBM 1989
Sir Thomas Eichelbaum GBE PC QC 1989
Air Chief Marshal Sir David Harcourt-Smith GBE KCB DFC 1989
Field Marshal The Lord Vincent of Coleshill GBE KCB DSO 1990
Sir Alexander Graham GBE 1990
Air Chief Marshal Sir Patrick Hine GCB GBE 1991
Sir Brian Jenkins GBE 1991
Sir Francis McWilliams GBE 1992
Air Chief Marshal Sir Anthony Skingsley GBE KCB 1992
Admiral Sir Kenneth Eaton GBE KCB 1994
Air Chief Marshal Sir Bill Wratten GBE CB AFC 1998
The Lord Rothschild OM GBE 1998
Sir Stephen Brown GBE 1999
Air Chief Marshal Sir Anthony Bagnall GBE KCB 2002
Sir Michael Sydney Perry GBE 2002
Sir Ronnie Flanagan GBE QPM 2002
Sir Cyril Taylor GBE 2004
The Baroness Butler-Sloss GBE PC 2005
Sir David Cooksey GBE 2007
General Sir Timothy Granville-Chapman GBE KCB 2011
The Lord King of Lothbury KG GBE 2011
The Earl of Selborne GBE DL 2011
Sir John Parker GBE 2012
The Baroness Hayman GBE PC 2012
Sir Keith Mills GBE DL 2013
Sir Alan Budd GBE 2013
Sir John Bell GBE FRS 2015
Air Chief Marshal Sir Stuart Peach GBE KCB ADC DL 2016
Sir Ian Wood GBE 2016
Sir Cyril Chantler GBE 2017
Sir Michael Rawlins GBE 2017
Sir David Weatherall GBE FRS 2017
Sir Keith Peters GBE 2018
Honorary[edit]
Name
Post-nominal
Country
Year appointed
George J. Mitchell GBE United States 1999
Ratan Tata GBE India 2014
Recommendations by Commonwealth countries[edit]
Recommendations for appointments to the Order of the British Empire continue to be made by some Commonwealth realms. In 2016, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Solomon Islands, and Tuvalu all included Order of the British Empire awards in their New Year and/or Queen's Birthday honours lists.[15][16] Since the Second World War, most Commonwealth realms have established their own national system of honours and awards and have created their own unique orders, decorations and medals. Canada seldom made recommendations for appointments to the Order of the British Empire except for the Second World War and Korea but continued to recommend gallantry awards for both military and civilians until the creation of the Order of Canada.[17] Australia continued to recommend the Order of the British Empire until the 1989 Queen's Birthday Honours, nearly 15 years after the creation of the Order of Australia.[18]
Criticism[edit]
See also: List of people who have declined a British honour
The Order has attracted some criticism for its naming having connection with the idea of the now-extinct British Empire.[19] Benjamin Zephaniah, a British Jamaican poet, publicly rejected appointment as an Officer in 2003 because, he asserted, it reminded him of "thousands of years of brutality". He also said that "It reminds me of how my foremothers were raped and my forefathers brutalised".[20]
In 2004, a House of Commons Select Committee recommended changing the name of the award to the Order of British Excellence, and changing the rank of Commander to Companion; as the former was said to have a "militaristic ring".[19][21]
A notable person to decline the offer of membership was the author C. S. Lewis (1898–1963), who had been named on the last list of honours by George VI in December 1951. Despite being a monarchist, he declined so as to avoid association with any political issues.[22][23]
The members of The Beatles were appointed as Members in 1965. John Lennon justified the comparative merits of his investiture by comparing military membership in the Order: "Lots of people who complained about us receiving the MBE [status] received theirs for heroism in the war – for killing people ... We received ours for entertaining other people. I'd say we deserve ours more". Lennon later returned his MBE insignia on 25 November 1969, as part of his ongoing peace protests.[24] Other criticism centres on the claim that many recipients of the Order are being rewarded with honours for simply doing their jobs; critics claim that the Civil Service and Judiciary receive far more orders and honours than leaders of other professions.[19]
Chin Peng, long-time leader of the Malayan Communist Party, was appointed as an Officer for his share in fighting against the Japanese during World War II, in close co-operation with the British commando Force 136. His membership was withdrawn by the British government (and became undesirable for Chin Peng himself) when the Communist leader headed his party's guerrilla insurgency against the British in the Malayan Emergency after the War.[25]
See also[edit]
Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom – the British honours system
List of Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
List of Dames Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
List of honorary British knights and dames
United Kingdom order of precedence
Honours Committee
References[edit]
Citations[edit]
Jump up ^ It is commonly written without "of the Most Excellent Order" and other words not implied by the post-nominals.
Jump up ^ Never surnames – thus Sir Antony Sher may be shortened to Sir Antony, but not to Sir Sher
Jump up ^ In the image provided, the recipient has also been received into the Venerable Order of Saint John, and so that badge is shown also, on the black ribbon to the right.
Sources[edit]
Jump up ^ "Guide to the Honours". BBC News. BBC. 10 June 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Order of the British Empire". The Official Website of the British Monarchy. The Royal Household. Archived from the original on 27 March 2010. Retrieved 24 August 2009.
Jump up ^ "No. 30250". The London Gazette (2nd supplement). 24 August 1917. pp. 8791–8999.
Jump up ^ The last Canadian recommendation for the Order of the British Empire was a MBE for gallantry gazetted in 1966, a year before the creation of the Order of Canada. The Australian Honours System unilaterally created in 1975 did not achieve bi-partisan support until 1992 when Australian federal and state governments agreed to cease Australian recommendations for British honours. The last Australian recommended Order of the British Empire appointments were in the 1989 Queen’s Birthday Honours.
Jump up ^ "No. 57855". The London Gazette (1st supplement). 31 December 2005. p. 26.
Jump up ^ "Radio's Wogan becomes Sir Terry". BBC News. BBC. 6 December 2005. Retrieved 7 February 2009.
Jump up ^ "No. 31084". The London Gazette. 27 December 1918. p. 15135.
Jump up ^ "Birthday Honours: 'Working class' British Empire Medal revived". BBC News. BBC. 16 June 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "A Matter of Honour: Reforming Our Honours System" (pdf). House of Commons Public Administration Select Committee. Parliament.uk. 13 July 2004. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
Jump up ^ British gallantry awards by P E Abbott and JMA Tamplin, 1981, Nimrod Dix & Co, London, ISBN 0-902633-74-0, chapters 35 to 38.
Jump up ^ "No. 41285". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 January 1958. p. 365.
Jump up ^ "No. 56878". The London Gazette (Supplement). 17 March 2003. p. 3353.
Jump up ^ "Emblem for honours (Archived 4 April 2012)". The National Archives. DirectGov (UK). Archived from the original on 4 April 2012. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "BEM Recipients Entitled to New Emblem". The Berwickshire News. 12 November 2008. Retrieved 26 July 2014.
Jump up ^ London Gazette 61450, Thu, 31 December 2015, p. N40
Jump up ^ London Gazette 61608, Sat 11 June 2016, p. B40
Jump up ^ However, there were awards of the related British Empire Medal for Gallantry, whose recipients are affiliated with, but not members of the Order of the British Empire, after the creation of the Order of Canada. see https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/44630/page/1
Jump up ^ London Gazette 51778, Sat, 17 June 1989, p. 45
^ Jump up to: a b c A reformed Honours system, Select Committee on Public Administration, 7 July 2004, Retrieved 13 May 2012
Jump up ^ Mills, Merope (27 November 2003). "Rasta poet publicly rejects his OBE". The Guardian. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "Honours system outdated, say MPs", BBC News, 13 July 2004, Retrieved 28 February 2007
Jump up ^ "Chronology of the Life of C.S. Lewis". Archived from the original on 6 February 2012.
Jump up ^ C.S., Lewis (1994). W. H. Lewis, Walter Hooper, ed. Letters of C.S. Lewis. New York: Mariner Books. p. 528. ISBN 0-15-650871-0.
Jump up ^ Brian Roylance; George Harrison; John Lennon; Paul McCartney; Ringo Starr (2000). The Beatles Anthology. Chronicle Books. p. 183. ISBN 0-8118-2684-8.
Jump up ^ Dead or Alive,(subscription required) TIME Magazine, 12 May 1952
Further reading[edit]
Galloway, Peter (1996). The Order of the British Empire. Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood. ISBN 0-907605-65-6.
Hood, Frederic (1967). The Chapel of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, with a foreword by Prince Philip.
"Knighthood and Chivalry" (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed., London: Cambridge University Press.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Order of the British Empire.
Order of the British Empire – official website of the British Monarchy
The Honours system – UK Government
Queen's Birthday and New Year honours – The London Gazette, lists recipients of honours
"The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire" (2002) – Cambridge University Heraldic and Genealogical Society
"Order of Precedence in England and Wales", Velde, F. R. (2003) – Heraldica.org
Search recommendations for the Order of the British Empire on the UK National Archives' website
The Chapel of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire – OBE Chapel Exterior detail – jpg image, IanMcGrawPhotos.co.uk
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East Godavari district
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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East Godavari district
District of Andhra Pradesh
Location of East Godavari district in Andhra Pradesh
Country
India
State
Andhra Pradesh
Administrative division
East Godavari district
Headquarters
Kakinada
Tehsils
64[1]
Government
• Lok Sabha constituencies
Kakinada, Amalapuram, Rajahmundry
• Assembly seats
19
Area
• Total
12,805 km2 (4,944 sq mi)
Population (2011)
• Total
5,151,549[2]
• Urban
25.52%
Demographics
• Literacy
71.35%
• Sex ratio
1005
Vehicle registration
AP-05
Major highways
NH-5
Coordinates
16°57′N 82°15′E / 16.950°N 82.250°E / 16.950; 82.250Coordinates: 16°57′N 82°15′E / 16.950°N 82.250°E / 16.950; 82.250
Website
Official website
East Godavari district or Thoorpu Godavari Jilla is a district in Coastal Andhra region of Andhra Pradesh, India. Its district headquarters is at Kakinada. As of Census 2011, it became the most populous district of the state with a population of 5,151,549.[2] Rajahmundry and Kakinada are the two largest cities in the Godavari districts in terms of population.
East Godavari district montage
The district of Rajahmundry was reorganised in 1859 into two districts of Godavari and Krishna. Godavari district was further bifurcated into East and West Godavari districts in 1925.[3][4] After Nov 1956's Andhra Pradesh was formed by combining parts of Naizam, Ceded and Circars, in 1959, the Bhadrachalam revenue division, consisting of Bhadrachalam and Naguru Taluks (2 Talukas in 1959 but later subdivided into Wajedu, Venkatapruram, Cherla, Dummugudem, Bhadrachalam, Nellipaka, Chinturu, Kunavaram, and Vararamachandrapuram mandals) of East Godavari district were merged into the Khammam district.[5] After June 2014's reorganisation and division of Andhra Pradesh, the mandals of Bhadrachalam (with the exception of Bhadrachalam Temple), Nellipaka, Chinturu, Kunavaram and Vararamchandrapuram were re-added back to East Godavari District.[6]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Early kingdoms
1.2 Chalukyas and Cholas
1.3 Kakatiyas and Delhi Sultanate
1.4 Nayaks, Reddy and other Kingdoms
1.5 Muslim Kingdoms
1.6 British rule, 1768–1947
1.7 Post Independence
2 Geography and climate
3 Demographics
4 Divisions
4.1 Mandals
5 Culture
6 Economy
7 Transport
8 Education
9 Tourism
10 See also
11 References
12 External links
History[edit]
East Godavari district has many important Buddhist sites
Early kingdoms[edit]
The district, like the rest of the Deccan was under the Nandas and Mauryas in its early history. After the fall of the Mauryan Empire, the district was under the Sathavahanas until the 3rd century under the famous poet king Hala. Coins found during excavations have revealed the rule of Gautamiputra Satakarni, Vasisthi-putra Pulumayi and Yajna Sri Satakarni. Gupta emperor Samudragupta invaded during the rule of both Pishtapura and Avamukta in the district in 350 A.D. Samudragupta's invasion was followed by the rule of the Mathara dynasty from 375 to 500. The earliest known ruler of the dynasty was Shaktivarman.
The district passed into the hands of Vishnukundinas during the rule of Vikramendra Varma I during the 5th century. The records indicate that their domain extended over Visakhapatnam, West Godavari, Krishna and Guntur Districts in addition to East Godavari District. Indra Bhattaraka defeated the rulers of Vasistha Kula and re-established Vihsnukundina authority, but was shortly defeated by Kalinga armies. Indra Bhattaraka was followed to the throne by a few others, including Madha Varma III and Manchanna Bhattaraka, who tried to restore their kingdom. Madhava Varma III was the last important ruler of this family.
Chalukyas and Cholas[edit]
The Pulakesin II of Badami Chalukyas and his brother Kubja Vishnu Vardhana acquired Pistapura in the 7th century. The Eastern Chalukya dynasty, founded by Kubja Vishnu Vardhana, ruled at first form Pistapura, then from Vengi, and later from Rajahmundry. Many rulers held sway over the kingdom and their history is at times largely a record of disputes over succession. Chalukya Bhima I of this dynasty built a Shiva temple at Draksha Ramam. Jata Choda Bhima of Peda Kallu (Kurnool District) killed Danarnava of this dynasty and occupied Vengi in 973 A.D. Danarnava's two sons, Sakti Varma I and Vimala Aditya, fled from the kingdom and took refuge in the court of the Chola king Rajaraja Chola I. Rajaraja invaded Vengi on behalf of the sons of Danarnava and killed Jata Choda Bhima. Satya Raya of the Western Chalukyas of Kalyani did not like the Chola influence in Vengi and the area witnessed many wars between the Cholas and Chalukyas. After the death of Vijaya Aditya VII in 0175 A.D., the Eastern Chalukya dynasty came to an end.
Kulothunga Chola I (Rajendra Chalukya), rival of Vijay Aditya VII, fought along the sides of Cholas and established the Chalukya Cholas province. The district along with the rest of the Vengi kingdom became part of their empire. Major portions of the district were under Velanati Chodas, trustworthy chieftains to his. Rulers of this dynasty included Gonka I, Rajendra Choda I, Gonka II and Rajendra Choda II. Vikram Aditya vii of Western Chalukyas occupied this region for short period, but it was recovered by Chalukya Cholas and Velanti Chodas. Velanati chiefs also suppressed rebellions from Haihayas of Kona, Gonka II and Rudra of the Kakatiya dynasty.
Kakatiyas and Delhi Sultanate[edit]
Inscriptions at this region including the ones at Draksha Ramam in 13th century throw light on their history. Prola II of the Kakatiya dynasty declared independence from the western Chalukyas and became a subject of Chalukya Cholas. His son Rudra obtained the Godavari delta as gift from the Rajaraja II of Chalukya Cholas. Rudra's authority over the Godavari delta was challenged by the Velanadu Chodas. The Velanati king Rajendra Choda II sent an army under his minister Davana Preggada against Rudra. Rudra was succeeded by his younger brother Mahadeva who died in a conflict with the Yadavas of Devagiri. His son Ganapathi succeeded to the Kakatiya throne. Ganapathi defeated Kalinga armies on the north, Pandyas of Madurai and Cholas with the help of Nellore Chodas. The Kakatiya power remained undisturbed in the Godavari region throughout the reign of Ganapathi and her daughter Rudrama devi. Pratap Rudra ascended the throne in 1295 and faced many attacks from Sultans of Delhi. After his defeat by Muhammad-bin-Tughluq in 1323, the district came under the rule of the Delhi Sultanate. Muhammad-bin-Tughluq divided South India into five provinces and appointed governors.
Nayaks, Reddy and other Kingdoms[edit]
Delhi sultans faced rebellions from the confederacy of local chiefs under the authority of Prolaya of the Musunuri Nayaks clan. The Reddis of Addanki, Koppula Telagas of Pithapuram and the Recherla Velamas of Rachakonda actively helped him. Warangal was liberated and Telugu land enjoyed freedom for fifty years. Musunuri Kapaya Nayaka appointed his relatives Toyyeti Anavota Nayaka and Mummadi Nayaka (Korukonda) as governors in Godavari region. Mummadi Nayaka married the niece of Kapaya Nayaka. Mummadi Nayaka lived till 1388. He had three sons who ruled for a period of 40 years and later they were reduced to submission by the Reddys of Kondaveedu and their principality was merged in the kingdom of Kondaveedu. Subsequently, Narasimha Deva IV of Kalinga succeeded in conquering this region, but was repulsed by Anavota Reddy of Rajahmundry. He was succeeded by Anavema Reddy and Kumaragiri of the same dynasty.
Kumaragiri fought many wars with the Racherlas of Rachakonda and the Kalinga rulers. He sent his general Kataya Vema along with Prince Anavota to conquer the eastern region. This resulted in the annexation of a large tract in the north as far as Simhachalam. The newly acquired territory was annexed to the Reddi Kingdom and constituted into a separate province called the eastern kingdom. Prince Anavota ruled this province with Raja-mahendra-varam as his capital. He died a premature death around 1395 and Kataya Vema, the general and brother-in-law of Kumar Giri, was given Rajamahendra Rajya in appreciation of the services rendered by him to the State. Kataya Vema's departure to Raja-mahendra-varam led to the seizure of the throne of Kondaveedu by force by Peda Komati Vema.
Peda Komati Vema's authority was defined by Kataya Vema. Kataya Vema was also involved in conflict with Eruva chief Annadeva Choda, who managed to occupy a large portion of the Rajamahendra Rajya. He was, however, defeated and driven back by Kataya Vema. Later, Kataya Vema died in a battle with Anna Deva Choda. After his death, Allada Reddi placed Kataya Vemas' son Komaragiri on the throne of Rajamahendravaram and ruled the kingdom as his regent. Komarigiri died a premature death. Allada Reddi ruled this region till his death in 1420. About 1423, the Vijayanagara ruler Deva Raya II defeated Vira Bhadra, who was then ruling this kingdom and reduced it to subjection.
After the death of Kapilendra Deva Gajapati in 1466, there was a fight between his sons Hamvira Deva and Purushottama Deva for succession. Hamvira succeeded in occupying the throne with the help of Bahmanis but he could not retain it for long. Purushottama overthrew Hamvira and tried to reconquer Rajahmundry and other places. But Muhammad Shah III led the forces to Rajahmundry. This battle, however, ended with the conclusion of peace treaty. After the death of Muhammad Shah III, Purushottama Gajapathi overran the whole of the Godavari-Krishna doab and drove the Bahmani forces as far south as Kondaveedu. Purushottama was succeeded by his son Prataparudra. The Vijayanagar monarch Krishna Deva Raya invaded his kingdom and brought Rajahmundry under subjugation. However, a treaty was concluded wherein Pratapa Rudra agreed to give his daughter in marriage to Krishna Deva Raya in return of the territory north of the Krishna conquered by Krishna Deva Raya.
Muslim Kingdoms[edit]
Taking advantage of the disturbed conditions, the Qutb Shahi ruler of Golconda, Sultan Quli Qutb Shah, invaded the coastal region and took possession of Rajahmundry and the neighbouring kingdoms. Sultan Quli was murdered and he was succeeded to the throne by his son Jamshid Qutb Shah and then by his grand son Subhan Qutb Shah. During his reign, Ibrahim Qutb Shah had to ward off challenges from Shitab Khan and Vidyadhar. The last ruler of this dynasty was Abdual Hasan Tana Shas, who ruled from 1672 to 1687.
Aurangzeb conquered the sultanate of Golconda in 1687, and Golconda, including East Godavari District, became one of the twenty-two provinces of the Mughal Empire. The Nizam-ul-Mulk (viceroy of Golconda) looked after the administration through military officers called Fauzdars. Pusapati Ananda Gajapati Raju, the new Raja of Vizianagaram, invited the French to occupy the Northern Circars. The tussle that ensued between the French and the English ended with the French losing all possessions in Northern Circars except Yanam.
Salabat Jung was subsequently deposed by his brother Nizam Ali Khan, who leased out Rajahmundry and Chicacole to Hasan Ali Khan. Lord Robert Clive, entered into negotiations with the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam, and obtained a firman ceding the Northern Circars to the British East India Company in August 1765, but it was kept a secret until March 1766. The fort of Kondapalli was seized by the British, and General Cillaud was sent to Machilipatnam to undertake military operations, if necessary. The Nizam also made brisk preparations for war. War was prevented by the signing of a treaty on 12 November 1766 by which the Company, in return for occupying the Circars, undertook to maintain troops for the Nizam's assistance.
British rule, 1768–1947[edit]
By a second treaty, signed on 1 March 1768 the Nizam acknowledged the validity of Shah Alam's grant and resigned the Circars to the Company, receiving as a mark of friendship an annuity of 50,000. Finally, in 1823, the claims of the Nizam over the Northern Circars were bought outright by the Company, and they became a British possession. The Circars were incorporated into Madras Presidency, and Godavari District was constituted, which included present-day East Godavari and West Godavari districts.
Post Independence[edit]
After India's independence in 1947, the former Madras Presidency of British India became India's Madras State. In 1953, the northern districts of Madras state, including Godavari District, became the new state of Andhra. Yanam was relinquished by the French in 1954, but one condition of the cession treaty was the retention of the district's separate and distinct identity, which also applied to the other South Indian enclaves constituting today's Puducherry state.
Geography and climate[edit]
Godavari river near Yanam
Andhra Pradesh districts
East Godavari district occupies an area of 12,805 square kilometres (4,944 sq mi),[7] comparatively equivalent to Indonesia's Sumba Island.[8] The district is bounded on north by Visakhapatnam District, Malkangiri District of Orissa on the northwest by Khammam District, on the east and south by the Bay of Bengal and on the west by West Godavari District. It has a coastline of 144 km (89 mi).[9] The small enclave (12 sq mi (30 km2)) of the Yanam district of Puducherry state lies within this district.
Demographics[edit]
According to the 2011 census East Godavari district has a population of 51,51,549,[10] This gives it a ranking of 19th in India (out of a total of 640 districts) and 2nd in the state.[10] The district has a population density of 477 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,240/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 5.1%. East Godavari has a sex ratio of 1005 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 71.35%.[10]
East Godavari district has a total population of 51,51,549; 25,69,419 and 25,82,130 male and female respectively. There was change of 5.10 percent in the population compared to population as per 2001 census. The census data states a density of 477 in 2011 compared to 454 in 2001.[11] Average literacy rate of East Godavari in 2011 was 71.35% compared to 65.48% in 2001. On a gender basis, male and female literacy was 74.91% and 67.82% respectively. With regards to sex ratio in East Godavari, it stood at 1005 per 1000 males compared to the 2001 census figure of 993. The average national sex ratio in India is 940 as per the 2011 census.[citation needed]
There were total 4,92,446 children under the age of 0-6 against 6,13,490 of 2001 census. Of total 492,446 male and female were 2,50,086 and 2,42,360 respectively. The child sex ratio as per census 2011 was 969 compared to 978 in 2001. In 2011, children under 0-6 formed 9.56% of East Godavari district compared to 12.52% in 2001.
Household indicators
In 2007–2008 the International Institute for Population Sciences interviewed 1019 households in 38 villages across the district.[12] They found that 92.5% had access to electricity, 96.7% had drinking water, 50.4% toilet facilities, and 30.9% lived in a pucca (permanent) home.[12] 28.6% of girls wed before the legal age of 18 and 79% of interviewees carried a BPL card.[12]
Divisions[edit]
Revenue divisions of East Godavari district
The district has 7 revenue divisions namely, Amalapuram, Etapaka, Kakinada, Peddapuram, Rajahmundry, Ramachandrapuram and Rampachodavaram with 65 mandals.[13][14][15] These 59 mandals consists of 1,374 villages, 2 municipal corporation, 7 municipalities and 10 census towns. It is the one of the two districts, alongside Chittoor district to possess two municipal corporations namely, Kakinada and Rajahmundry. The 7 municipalities in the district include, Amalapuram, Mandapeta, Peddapuram, Pithapuram, Ramachandrapuram, Samalkota, Tuni. After the merger of Dowleswaram, Hukumpeta and Katheru into Rajahmundry Municipal Corporation, there exists 7 census towns of Arempudi, Bandarulanka, Chidiga, Morampudi, Ramanayyapeta, Rampachodavaram, Suryaraopeta.[16]
Mandals[edit]
The mandals of Chinturu, Kunavaram, Nellipaka and Vararamchandrapuram were added to East Godavari district based on Polavaram ordinace.[17][18]
The list of 64 mandals in East Godavari district under 7 revenue divisions are listed in the following table:[16]
#
Amalapuram
Division
Etapaka
Division[14]
Kakinada
Division
Peddapuram
Division
Rajahmundry
Division
Ramachandrapuram
Division[19]
Rampachodavaram division
1 Atreyapuram Chinturu Gollaprolu Addateegala Alamuru Anaparthy Devipatnam
2 Ainavilli Kunavaram Kakinada (Rural) Gandepalle Gokavaram Biccavolu Gangavaram
3 Allavaram Nellipaka Kakinada (Urban) Jaggampeta Kadiam K.Gangavaram Maredumilli
4 Amalapuram V.R.Puram Karapa Kirlampudi Korukonda Kajuluru Rajavommangi
5 Ambajipeta Kothapalle Kotananduru Rajahmundry (rural) Kapileswarapuram Rampachodavaram
6 Katrenikona Pithapuram Peddapuram Rajahmundry (urban) Mandapeta Y.Ramavaram
7 Kothapeta Samalkota Prathipadu Rajanagaram Pamarru
8 Malikipuram Thallarevu Routhulapudi Seethanagaram Pedapudi
9 Mamidikuduru Sankhavaram Ramachandrapuram
10 Mummidivaram Thondangi Rangampeta
11 P.Gannavaram Tuni Rayavaram
12 I.Polavaram Yeleswaram
13 Ravulapalem
14 Razole
15 Sakhinetipalle
16 Uppalaguptam
Nandikolla Gopala Rao (Painter)
Culture[edit]
The culture of East Godavari district is a rich traditional one in all parts of the district, and reflects the true culture of Andhra Pradesh. It is known for Veda-pandits, the Godavari River and the hospitality of the people. The Telugu language originated in this district (in Rajahmundry or Rajamahendri).[citation needed] East Godavari District has produced several stalwarts in area of culture, music, art and cinema. Poet and writer Devulapalli Krishnasastri, musician and singer M.Balamuralikrishna (Mangalampalli Balamurali Krishna), P.B. Sreenivas, Adurthi Subba Rao, C. Pullaiah, Nandikolla Gopala Rao Father of modern contemporary art, N.V.Reddi Naidu (Painter), actress Jaya Prada belong to this district. Freedom fighter, social worker and politician Durgabai Deshmukh[citation needed]
Economy[edit]
The Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP) of the district is ₹52,294 crore (US$8.2 billion) and it contributes 10% to the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP). For the FY 2013–14, the per capita income at current prices was ₹78,255 (US$1,200). The primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the district contribute ₹16,093 crore (US$2.5 billion), ₹10,857 crore (US$1.7 billion) and ₹25,343 crore (US$4.0 billion) respectively.[9] The major products contributing to the GVA of the district from agriculture and allied services are, paddy, sugarcane, betel leaves, coconut, milk, meat and fisheries. The GVA to the industrial and service sector is contributed from construction, electricity, manufacturing, unorganised trade and transport.[9]
Transport[edit]
Rajahmundry Railway station is an Important Train Station
The total of core road network of the district is 1,274.067 km (791.669 mi). It includes, 613.289 km (381.080 mi) of existing and a proposed length of 660.780 km (410.590 mi).[20] The total rail network of the district is 171.34 km (106.47 mi).[9]
The National Highway 5 connecting Chennai and Howrah passes through this district. Rajahmundry, Tuni and Samalkot are the railway junctions in the district. The Chennai to Howrah rail line also passes through this district.
Education[edit]
The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under the School Education Department of the state.[21][22] As per the school information report for the academic year 2015-16, there are a total of 5,986 schools. They include, 29 government, 3,452 mandal and zilla parishads, 1 residential, 1688 private, 2 model, 12 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV), 285 municipal and 517 other types of schools.[23] The total number of students enrolled in primary, upper primary and high schools of the district are 722,123.[24]
District has universities located at Rajahmundry City such as Adikavi Nannaya University Rajahmundry, Telugu University, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University. There are numerous educational institutes with Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, District Institute of Education and Training (DIET) in Rajahmundry, established in 1989 for the benefit of teacher trainees and in-service teachers. There are many educational institutions that provide education in different fields such as Engineering, Medical, Law, Pharmacy, Polytechnic and Postgraduate colleges etc. Some of the notable universities, colleges are Rangaraya Medical College in Kakinada and Govt Pithapuram Rajah College, Kakinada.
Tourism[edit]
Vakalapudi beach at Kakinada
East Godavari has many visiting places such as Historical Temples, Natural beauty and Nurseries etc. The historical temples are located at Amalapuram, Annavaram, Antharvedi, Draksharamam, Kotipalli, Pithapuram, Rajahmundry, Samalkota etc. In these temples most of the temples having "Swayam Bhu" status of the lords and having their own "Stala Purana (history of the place)".
Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary is located about 15 km from Kakinada on Kakinada–Yanam. Kadiapulanka, 20 km from Rajahmundry, is the location of many plant nurseries. Other attractions are Sir Arthur Cotton Museum at Dowleswaram, Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary. Eco tourism projects are located at Maredumilli Rampa and Tuni Thalupulamma lova is most popular temple in East Godavari district[25]
See also[edit]
List of districts in India
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "District - East Godavari". Andhra Pradesh Online Portal. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "East Godavari district profile". Andhra Pradesh State Portal.
Jump up ^ "District Profile". East Godavari District Webportal. National Informatics Centre. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
Jump up ^ David M. Knipe (2015). Vedic Voices: Intimate Narratives of a Living Andhra Tradition. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Telangana". google.com.
Jump up ^ "Post division, who will get Bhadrachalam?". The Times of India.
Jump up ^ Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) (2010). "States and Union Territories: Andhra Pradesh: Government". India 2010: A Reference Annual (54th ed.). New Delhi, India: Additional Director General, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India), Government of India. pp. 1111–1112. ISBN 978-81-230-1617-7. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ "Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area". United Nations Environment Program. 18 February 1998. Retrieved 11 October 2011. Sumba 10,711
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Economy of East Godavari District". Andhra Pradesh Economic Development Board. Retrieved 25 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "Indian Districts by Population, Growth Rate, Sex Ratio 2011 Census". Census2011.co.in. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "District Level Household and Facility Survey (DLHS-3), 2007-08: India. Andhra Pradesh" (PDF). International Institute for Population Sciences and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. 2010. Retrieved 3 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Mandal wise population". Officila website of East Godavari District. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Staff Reporter. "East Godavari district gets new revenue division". The Hindu.
Jump up ^ "Ten new revenue divisions created". The Hindu. Hyderabad. 4 April 2013. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "District Census Handbook - East Godavari" (PDF). Census of India. pp. 16–17, 54. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2015. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Ordinance on Polavaram project promulgated". The Hans India. Hyderabad. 29 May 2014. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation (Amendment) Act, 2014" (PDF). India code. Ministry of Law and Justice, Legislative Department. 17 July 2014. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
Jump up ^ Murali Sankar, K.N. (4 April 2013). "All set for creation of new revenue division". The Hindu. Kakinada. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
Jump up ^ ":: APRDC ::". Andhra Pradesh Road Development Corporation. Roads and Buildings Department. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "School Education Department" (PDF). School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 December 2015. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Department of School Education – Official AP State Government Portal". www.ap.gov.in. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "School Information Report". Commissionerate of School Education. Government of Andhra Pradesh. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Student Information Report". Commissionerate of School Education. Child info 2015–16, District School Education – Andhra Pradesh. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Tourist Places". East Godavari District Webportal. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to East Godavari district.
East Godavari District web site
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Note: Yanam district, Puducherry is completely surrounded by East Godavari district.
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value: شرق جودافارى – Arabic

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value: पूर्व गोदावरी जिला – Hindi

value: Distretto del Godavari Orientale – Italian

value: აღმოსავლეთ გოდავარის ოლქი – Georgian

value: पूर्व गोदावरी जिला – Maithili

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value: Godavari Oriental (distrito) – Portuguese

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