text:
Papa John's Pizza
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 4 January 2018.
Jump to: navigation, search
Papa John's International, Inc.
Type
Public
Traded as
NASDAQ: PZZA
S&P 400 Component
Industry
Pizza, Pizza Delivery
Founded
October 2, 1984; 33 years ago (1984-10-02)
Founder
John Schnatter
Headquarters
Jeffersontown, Kentucky, U.S.
Number of locations
4700+ (January 2016)[1]
Key people
John Schnatter
(Chairman)
Steve Ritchie
(President and CEO)
Revenue
US$ 1.439 billion (December 30, 2013)[2]
Operating income
US$ 106.5 million (December 30, 2013)[2]
Net income
US$ 69.537 million (December 30, 2013)[2]
Total assets
US$ 464.291 million (December 30, 2013)[2]
Total equity
US$ 138.184 million (December 30, 2013)[2]
Number of employees
20,700 (December 30, 2013)[2]
Website
papajohns.com
Papa John's Pizza is an American restaurant franchise company. It runs the third largest take-out and pizza delivery[3] restaurant chain in the United States, with headquarters in Jeffersontown, Kentucky, a suburb of Louisville.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Operations
2.1 Franchises outside the U.S.
2.2 Sponsorships
3 Media coverage
4 Litigation
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
The Papa John's restaurant was founded in 1984 when "Papa" John Schnatter knocked out a broom closet in the back of his father's tavern, Mick's Lounge, in Jeffersonville, Indiana.[4] He then sold his 1971 Camaro Z28 to purchase US$1,600 worth of used pizza equipment and began selling pizzas to the tavern's customers out of the converted closet.[5] His pizzas proved so popular that one year later he was able to move into an adjoining space. Dipping sauce specifically for pizza was invented by Papa John's Pizza that same year, so it is claimed although any number of other pizza places have historically provided pizza sauce for dipping when requested, and has since become popular when eating pizza, especially the crust.[6] In 2009, Schnatter got the Camaro back after offering a reward of $250,000 for the car.[7]
As of December 2016 PMQ Pizza Magazine said that the company was the third-largest take-out and pizza delivery restaurant chain in the United States.[8] (According to PMQ, Little Caesars is the third-largest pizza chain; however, it does not deliver.[9]) Company headquarters are in Jeffersontown, Kentucky, a community within the merged government of Louisville.[10][11][12] Its slogan is "Better Ingredients. Better Pizza. Papa John's."
Papa John's franchises over 4,700 establishments –– 3,500 in the U.S. and over 1,200 spread amongst 37 other countries and territories.[1] In September 2012 the 4,000th Papa John's Pizza restaurant opened, in New Hyde Park, New York. The company celebrated the event by giving away 4,000 free pizzas to customers throughout New York City.[5][13][14]
On December 21, 2017 it was announced that John Schnatter would step down as CEO of Papa John's Pizza as of January 1, 2018 to be replaced as CEO by current company President Steve Ritchie. Schnatter will remain chairman. [15]
Operations[edit]
A Papa John's in Virginia
Countries with Papa John's Pizza (as of 2017)
Papa John's in Springboro, Ohio, built specifically for home delivery
Papa John's in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Papa John's primarily takes carryout and delivery orders, although some stores have tables and chairs for dining in.
Franchise owners pay a one-off franchise fee of $25,000 per restaurant, then a royalty fee of 5% of net sales, plus a charge for advertising of 8% of net sales. The company requires franchisees to have net worth of at least $250,000, the approximate amount of investment needed.[16][17] Corporate operations look over franchisees to ensure brand consistency. As of January 2016[update] there were over 4,700 Papa John's restaurants in all 50 U.S. states and in 37 other countries and territories.[1] Papa John's International is a publicly traded company, with 25% of its shares owned by John Schnatter.[18]
In January 2002, Papa John's became the first national pizza chain to make online ordering available to all of its U.S. customers.[19] Most other national chains later added online ordering to their services. On July 10, 2004, Papa John's controlled an estimated 6.6 percent of the market, according to Technomic.[20]
In February 2017, it was reported by the Associated Press that the company was testing a "Papa Priority" $2.99 fee that lets people jump to the head of the line for their pizza order.[21]
Franchises outside the U.S.[edit]
Papa John's has operated in the United Kingdom since 2001. In July 2015 the company had 300 shops in the UK,[22] although in 2010 it had had plans for between 400 and 500 within the next five years.[23]
Papa John's operates throughout Ireland, with its head office at Ballybrit, County Galway. The company has over 50 locations and operates mobile units around the country. The franchises are often located adjacent to Supermacs fast food outlets.[24]
All the Papa John's restaurants in Portugal are now closed or have changed name. Some of these locations still serve pizza, though the master-franchise Rest-Smart filed for bankruptcy.[25]
Sponsorships[edit]
On March 30, 2006, Six Flags announced that its parks' pizza would exclusively be from Papa John's. In turn, Six Flags received an annual sponsorship and promotional opportunities from Papa John's. Papa John's is also the official pizza supplier of the Olympic Speedskating Oval in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
In November 2006, Papa John's signed with ESPN Regional Television to become the title sponsor of the annual PapaJohns.com Bowl, a college post-season football bowl game in Birmingham, Alabama, which Papa John's continued to sponsor through 2010.[26]
In 2010, Papa John's signed an agreement to be the Official Pizza Sponsor of the National Football League and Super Bowls XLV, XLVI and XLVII.[27] In 2011, Papa John's became the official Pizza Sponsor of the NFL in Canada, Mexico and the United Kingdom.[27] In October 2012, Denver Broncos quarterback Peyton Manning became a franchisee in the Denver area for Papa John's, and also purchased 21 franchises in the area.[28] In July 2013, Papa John's announced it had become the Official Pizza Partner of The Football League in the UK.[29]
The company has the naming rights to Papa John's Cardinal Stadium used by the University of Louisville's football team, in exchange for donating $5 million.[30] Schnatter made a further $10 million donation for the stadium's expansion,[30] and extended the naming rights to the year 2040.
Media coverage[edit]
Papa John's received attention in May 2008 when a Washington, D.C. franchise distributed T-shirts making fun of Cleveland Cavaliers star player LeBron James at a playoff game against the Washington Wizards. Photographs of the shirts quickly spread from the Internet[31] to Cleveland television. Increasing awareness of the controversy prompted an apology from the Papa John's national headquarters on May 5.[32] To apologize, Papa John's offered large single-topping pizzas for 23 cents (matching James' jersey number) at all locations in Greater Cleveland and throughout northern Ohio. The chain sold over 172,000 pizzas at 23 cents a piece, with customers waiting in lines outside of some stores for as long as three hours.[33]
Papa John's also received media attention on January 6, 2012, when an employee typed the phrase "lady chinky eyes" on a receipt issued to an Asian American customer at a restaurant in New York City.[34] The employee was fired and the company issued a formal apology.[35] A manager at the restaurant where the incident occurred told the New York Post that the cashier, a teenager, did not intend to offend saying, "It's a busy place, and it was a way to identify her and her order. You know, we do stuff like that sometimes. We'll write 'the lady with the blue eyes' or 'the guy in the green shirt.' I think the lady (chinky eyes) put it out there just to get some attention, some people like that type of attention."[36]
Papa John's CEO John Schnatter stated that his business's costs would increase due to the additional expenses associated with the implementation of the Affordable Care Act, and that franchisees would pass those expenses on to the consumer.[37]
On November 1, 2017 it was extensively reported that John Schnatter - again in his role as Papa John's CEO - claimed that poor NFL viewer ratings (due to player protests of police actions[38]) had directly led to decreased same-store sales across Papa John's franchises.[39][40] It was estimated that Schattner's personal holdings in the chain had lost millions in value[41].
Litigation[edit]
In 1997, Pizza Hut filed a lawsuit against Papa John's based on a series of advertisements that compared the ingredients of Papa John's and its competitors. At trial, the court agreed with Pizza Hut's argument that Papa John's slogan did not constitute statements of literal fact – that "fresher ingredients" do not necessarily account for a "better" pizza; this ruling was overturned in 2000 when Papa John's appealed the decision. Although the jury's decision on the misleading advertising was upheld, the appeals court determined that Pizza Hut failed to prove, under the requirements of the Lanham Act, that the misleading advertising and puffery had a material effect on consumers' purchasing decisions.
We conclude that (1) the slogan, standing alone, is not an objectionable statement of fact upon which the consumers would be justified in relying, and thus not actionable under section 43(a); and (2) while the slogan, when utilized in connection with some of the post-May 1997 comparative advertising – specifically, the sauce, dough and stuff campaigns – conveyed objectionable and misleading facts, Pizza Hut has failed to adduce any evidence demonstrating that the facts conveyed by the slogan were material to the purchasing decisions of the consumers to which the slogan was directed.[42]
In 2012, the company was the subject of a class-action lawsuit for allegedly sending over 500,000 unwanted text messages to customers. The suit sought over $250 million in damages, though the company settled to pay $16.5 million, awarding members of the class up to $50 in damages, and a free, large, one-topping pizza.[43]
On October 16, 2014, after a year-long investigation by the New York State Attorney General, Eric Schneiderman, five Manhattan Papa John's pizza locations and their parent company New Majority Holding LLC along with its owner, Ronald Johnson, were all sued in the amount of $2,000,000 for unpaid wages. The company is the first to be sued in the Labor Bureau's ongoing investigations of multiple fast-food employers, with Schneiderman stating, "Nobody who works 40 hours a week should have to live in poverty. My office will combat wage theft whenever and wherever we see it in order to protect the rights of hardworking New Yorkers, including pizza delivery workers and others who toil at fast-food restaurants."[44]
In August 2015, Papa John's agreed to pay $12.3 million to settle a class-action lawsuit, filed in 2009, in which the company was accused of undercompensating 19,000 delivery drivers in the states of Arizona, Florida, Illinois, Maryland, Missouri and North Carolina. The complaint, which stated that drivers were typically paid a flat reimbursement amount per delivery that was less than the usual recommended mileage rate, had a "net effect" of the company "willfully fail[ing] to pay the federal minimum wage to their delivery drivers."[45]
In July 2016, Panera Bread filed a lawsuit with the U.S. Eastern District Court in Missouri accusing Papa John's of stealing digital trade secrets and proprietary data management strategies by hiring Michael Nettles, a former Panera executive who was in charge of the chain's corporate digital technologies deployment.[46] In August, a Federal judge issued a restraining order, preventing Nettles from reporting to work at Papa John's while the case was active.[47] Later that year, Panera told the Federal court that it had agreed to drop the lawsuit in December 2016. Details that led to the lawsuit being dropped were not made public.[48]
See also[edit]
Louisville portal
Kentucky portal
Companies portal
Food portal
Papa John's Cardinal Stadium – a football stadium on the campus of the University of Louisville bearing the company's name via a naming rights agreement
PapaJohns.com Bowl – a college football bowl game played at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama in January. (Papa John's did not exercise its option to renew sponsorship in 2010.)
List of pizza chains of the United States
List of major employers in Louisville, Kentucky
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "Our Story". Papa John's International, Inc. Retrieved January 23, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Papa John's International, Inc. Form 10-K for 2013. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (Report). February 25, 2014.
Jump up ^ Little Caesars is the third largest pizza chain, but does not deliver.
Jump up ^ Wolfson, Andrew (January 13, 2013). "The real Papa John: Pizza entrepreneur John Schnatter makes no apologies for wealth, success, Obamacare remarks | Math whiz mixed pizza passion, finance". The Courier-Journal. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Papa John's Story". Papa John's (GB) Ltd. Archived from the original on July 10, 2013. Retrieved August 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ Shrikant, Adit. "How Dipping Sauce for Pizza Became Oddly Necessary". Eater. Vox Media. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Found: Papa John's Long-Lost Camaro! Kentucky Man Receives $250,000 Finder's Fee" (Press release). Papa John's. August 25, 2009. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Pizza Power 2017 - A State of the Industry Report". PMQ Pizza Magazine. December 2016. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Sarah Whitten (May 31, 2017). "This is why Little Caesars won't be investing in delivery". Cnbc.com. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Otts, Chris (November 7, 2007). "Jeffersontown to dedicate new bike and walking path Saturday". The Courier-Journal. p. C7. Retrieved December 6, 2012. (Subscription required (help)). Papa John's office is in Jeffersontown
Jump up ^ "Papa's Specialty Pizza Challenge". Papa John's Pizza. Archived from the original on August 1, 2010. Retrieved December 6, 2012. Papa John's International Inc., 2002 Papa John's Blvd, Louisville, KY 40299
Jump up ^ 2010 Census – Census Block Map (Index): Jeffersontown city, KY (PDF) (Map). U.S. Census Bureau. 2010. Retrieved December 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Papa John's Celebrates Opening of 4,000th Restaurant Worldwide". Papa John's International, Inc. (Press release). September 13, 2012. Retrieved September 16, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Papa John's Int'l. Inc. Franchise Information". Entrepreneur. Retrieved September 16, 2012.
Jump up ^ Zlati Meyer (December 21, 2017). "Papa John's CEO, pizza titan John Schnatter, steps down". Retrieved December 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Hayley Peterson (May 22, 2015). "How much it costs to open a Papa John's - Business Insider". Business Insider UK. Retrieved July 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "U.S. Franchising Opportunities – Requirements & Fees – Papa John's Pizza". Papa John's International, Inc. Archived from the original on May 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Ownership Profile". Papa John's International, Inc. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ "USA: Papa John's first pizza chain to offer nationwide online ordering". Just Food (Press release). January 10, 2002. Retrieved February 18, 2007.
Jump up ^ Barbaro, Michael (July 10, 2004). "Domino's Prepares to Go Public as Pizza Chains Are Challenged". The Washington Post – via HighBeam Research. (Subscription required (help)).
Jump up ^ Staff, Writer (March 1, 2017). "Papa John's testing $2.99 fee for priority orders". Associated Press. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Swatman, Rachel (June 29, 2015). "Papa John launches 300th UK store by leading army of staff to pizza making world record". Guinness World Records. Retrieved June 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ Wilson, Amy (August 29, 2010). "Papa-Johns after slice of Domino's pizza action". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved April 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Supermac's". Archived from the original on February 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Processo: 1028/09.0TYLSB Insolvência pessoa colectiva (Apresentação) Data: 11-01-2010" (PDF). Diário da República (in Portuguese). 2 (20): 4440. January 29, 2010. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ Marcello, Brandon (December 15, 2015). "What's the future hold for Birmingham Bowl without title sponsor?". Birmingham News.
^ Jump up to: a b "Papa John's Pizza Expands Relationship with NFL by Signing Multi-Year Deal to Be Official Pizza Sponsor of NFL in Canada, Mexico and United Kingdom" (Press release). October 20, 2011. Retrieved September 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kercheval, Nancy (October 27, 2012). "Broncos' Peyton Manning to Own 21 Papa John's Pizza Franchises". Bloomberg News. Retrieved October 29, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Papa John's announces Football League sponsorship". The Football League. July 15, 2013. Archived from the original on July 18, 2013. Retrieved August 2, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b George, Stephen (March 10, 2015). "Papa John, Koch brother give multimillion-dollar gifts to U of L". Insider Louisville. Retrieved September 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Does Papa John's Pizza Hate the State of Ohio?". So Good Blog. May 3, 2008. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ Eick, Jon (May 28, 2008). "How Papa John's averted a WOM disaster". iMedia Connection.
Jump up ^ Zicari, Peter (May 9, 2008). "Editors' Picks for Friday from The PD". Cleveland Plain Dealer. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ Mandell, Nina (January 7, 2012). "Papa John's customer: Pizza joint called me 'lady chinky eyes'". New York Daily News.
Jump up ^ Chittley, Jordan (January 10, 2012). "Papa John's employee fired for racial slur on receipt". Daily Buzz. Yahoo. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Papa John's Fires Employee For Using Racial Slur To ID Korean Woman On Receipt". WCBS-TV. January 8, 2012. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ Tau, Byron (August 7, 2012). "Papa John's: 'Obamacare' will raise pizza prices". Politico. Retrieved August 14, 2012.
Jump up ^ "William Rivers Pitt - The Year Since Trump's Election, as Explained by Bad Pizza". truth-out.org.
Jump up ^ "Papa John slams NFL for 'poor leadership' after player protests lead to sales slump". businessinsider.com.
Jump up ^ "Papa John's boss: NFL protests hurting sales". espn.com.
Jump up ^ Kirsch, Noah. "Papa John Loses Dough: Pizza Chain Founder Loses $70 Million In Hours, Blames NFL". Forbes.
Jump up ^ Pizza Hut, Inc. v. Papa John's Int'l, Inc. , 227 F.3d 489, 495 (5th Cir. 2000).
Jump up ^ Mirando, Sarah (May 20, 2013). "Papa John's Agrees to $16.5M Text Spam Class Action Settlement". Top Class Actions. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "NYC Papa John's pizza franchisee sued for $2 million". Reuters. October 16, 2014. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ McNair, James (August 7, 2015). "Papa John's To Settle Claims It Underpaid Delivery Drivers". WFPL. Retrieved August 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ Downs, Jere (July 21, 2016). "Panera: Papa John's exec took trade secrets". The Courier-Journal.
Jump up ^ Downs, Jere (August 13, 2016). "Papa John's exec out pending Panera secrets suit". The Courier-Journal.
Jump up ^ Perlman, Matthew (December 22, 2016). "Panera Agrees To Drop Noncompete Suit Against Papa John's". Law360.
External links[edit]
Official Papa John's Pizza website
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Papa John's Pizza.
[show]
v
t
e
Pizza chains (list)
International
Boston Pizza
California Pizza Kitchen
Chuck E. Cheese's
Domino's Pizza
Little Caesars
Papa John's Pizza
Pizza Hut
Pizza Inn
PizzaExpress
Rossopomodoro
Sbarro
Shakey's Pizza
Sarpino's Pizzeria
Telepizza
The Pizza Company
Uno Pizzeria & Grill
Vapiano
Yellow Cab Pizza Co.
Regional
Asia
Origus (CN)
Aoki's Pizza (JP)
Greenwich Pizza (PH)
Mr. Pizza (KR)
Smokin' Joe's (IN)
Pizza Corner (IN)
Pizza-La (JP)
Europe
Ask Restaurant (UK)
EasyPizza (UK)
Kotipizza (FI)
Peppes Pizza (NO)
Prezzo Restaurant (UK)
Speed Rabbit Pizza (FR)
Spizzico (IT)
Tops Pizza (UK)
Zizzi (UK)
North America
Anthony's Pizza (AAFES)
Benedetti's Pizza (MX)
Blaze Pizza (US)
CiCi's Pizza (US)
Donatos Pizza (US)
Fox's Pizza Den (US)
Gatti's Pizza (US)
Giordano's (US)
Godfather's Pizza (US)
Greco Pizza Restaurant (CA)
Happy's Pizza (US)
Home Run Inn (US)
Hot Lips Pizza (US)
Hungry Howie's Pizza (US)
Hunt Brothers Pizza (US)
Imo's Pizza (US)
Jerry's Subs & Pizza (US)
Jet's Pizza (US)
Ledo Pizza (US)
Lou Malnati's (US)
Marco's Pizza (US)
Mazzio's (US)
Mellow Mushroom (US)
MOD Pizza (US) (UK)
Mountain Mike's Pizza (US)
Noble Roman's (US)
Panago (CA)
Papa Gino's (US)
Papa Murphy's (US)
Peter Piper Pizza (US) (MX)
Pie Five (US)
Pizza 73 (CA)
Pizza Delight (CA)
Pizza Factory (US)
Pizza Haven (US)
Pizza Nova (CA)
Pizza Patrón (US)
Pizza Pizza (CA)
Pizza Ranch (US)
Rosati's (US)
Round Table Pizza (US)
South America
Jeno's Pizza (CO)
Mario's (TT)
Mister Pizza (BR)
Oceania
Eagle Boys (AU)
Hell Pizza (NZ)
Pizza Capers (AU)
Pizza Haven (AU)
Master franchisees
Domino's Pizza Enterprises (AU, BE, FR, MC, NL, NZ)
Domino's Pizza Group (CH, DE, IE, UK)
Jubilant FoodWorks (Domino's - BD, IN, LK, NP)
List articles
List of Canadian pizza chains
List of pizza chains of the United States
List of pizza franchises
[show]
v
t
e
Fast food and fast casual restaurant chains in the United States
Chicken chains
Coffeehouse chains
Pizza chains
Hamburgers
A&W
Arctic Circle
Back Yard
Big Boy
BurgerFi
Burger King
Carl's Jr.
Checkers/Rally's
Cook Out
Cheeburger Cheeburger
Dairy Queen
Fatburger
Five Guys
Freddy's
Fuddruckers
The Habit
Hardee's
Hwy 55
In-N-Out
Jack in the Box
Johnny Rockets
Krystal
McDonald's
Red Robin
Roy Rogers
Shake Shack
Smashburger
Sonic
Steak 'n Shake
Wayback
Wendy's
Whataburger
White Castle
Asian
L&L Hawaiian Barbecue
Manchu Wok
Panda Express
Pei Wei Asian Diner
P. F. Chang's China Bistro
Pick Up Stix
Baked goods
Au Bon Pain
Auntie Anne's
Bruegger's
Cheesecake Factory
Cinnabon
Corner Bakery Cafe
Dunkin' Donuts
Einstein Bros.
Great American Cookies
Honey Dew Donuts
Krispy Kreme
Mrs. Fields
Nestlé Toll House
Panera Bread
Pretzelmaker/Pretzel Time
Shipley Do-Nuts
Tim Hortons
T.J. Cinnamons
Wetzel's
Winchell's
Beverages
Argo Tea
Biggby Coffee
Caribou
Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf
Coffee Beanery
Dunn Bros
Gloria Jean's
Jamba Juice
Juice It Up!
Orange Julius
Peet's
Planet Smoothie
Robeks
Seattle's Best Coffee
Smoothie King
Starbucks
Teavana
Tropical Smoothie Cafe
Tully's
Frozen
desserts
Baskin-Robbins
Ben & Jerry's
Braum's
Bruster's
Carvel
Cold Stone
Culver's
Dairy Queen
Dippin' Dots
Fosters Freeze
Friendly's
Golden Spoon
Graeter's
Häagen-Dazs
Handel's
Kiwi Yogurt
MaggieMoo's
Marble Slab
Menchie's
Pinkberry
Red Mango
Rita's
Sweet Frog
Tastee-Freez
TCBY
Tropical Sno
Tutti Frutti
Yogen Früz
Yogurtland
Hot dogs
Hot Dog on a Stick
Nathan's Famous
Portillo's
Wienerschnitzel
Mexican-style /
Tex-Mex
Baja Fresh
Cafe Rio
Chipotle
Del Taco
El Pollo Loco
Freebirds
Green/Red Burrito
La Salsa
Moe's
Pancheros
Qdoba
Rubio's
Taco Bell
Taco Bueno
Taco Cabana
Taco del Mar
Taco John's
Taco Mayo
Taco Time
Tijuana Flats
Wahoo's Fish Taco
Noodles
Fazoli's
Noodles & Company
Skyline Chili
Sandwiches
Arby's
Atlanta Bread
Blimpie
Capriotti's
Charley's
Così
Cousins
D'Angelo
Daphne's
Erbert & Gerbert's
Firehouse Subs
Great Wraps
Jason's
Jerry's Subs
Jersey Mike's
Jimmy John's
Lee's Sandwiches
Lenny's Sub
McAlister's Deli
Miami Subs
Newk's Eatery
Penn Station
Port of Subs
Potbelly
Quiznos
Rax
Sandella's
Schlotzsky's
Steak Escape
Subway
Togo's
Tubby's
Tudor's Biscuit World
Which Wich?
Seafood
Arthur Treacher's
Captain D's
H. Salt Esquire
Ivar's
Long John Silver's
Skippers Seafood & Chowder House
Defunct
Bresler's
Brigham's
Burger Chef
Carrols
D'Lites
Druther's
Henry's Hamburgers
Hot 'n Now
Hot Sam Pretzels
Naugles
Red Barn
Sandy's
White Tower
Zantigo
[show]
v
t
e
Food chains in the United Kingdom
Casual dining
Angus Steakhouse
Ask
Beefeater Grill
Belgo
Bella Italia
Bill's
Brewers Fayre
Byron Hamburgers
Café Rouge
Carluccio's
Chiquito
Damon's
Ed's Easy Diner
Frankie & Benny's
Giraffe
Gourmet Burger Kitchen
Harry Ramsden's
Harvester
Hungry Horse
La Tasca
Little Chef
Loch Fyne Restaurants
Nando's
OK Diner
Pizza Hut
PizzaExpress
Prezzo
Sticks'n'Sushi
Strada
Table Table
T.G.I. Friday's
Toby Carvery
Tony Roma's
Wagamama
Wahaca
Wildwood Kitchen
Zizzi
Fast food
Barburrito
Burger King
Chicken Cottage
Chipotle Mexican Grill
Dixy Chicken
Domino's Pizza
Five Guys
KFC
Leon
McDonald's
Morley's
Papa John's Pizza
Sam's Chicken
Southern Fried Chicken
Square Pie
Subway
Taco Bell
Tops Pizza
Tortilla
Wasabi
Wimpy
YO! Sushi
Baked goods
Auntie Anne's
Cinnabon
Cooplands
Dunkin' Donuts
Eat
Greggs
Krispy Kreme
Millie's Cookies
Patisserie Valerie
Poundbakery
Pret a Manger
Sayers
Spudulike
Upper Crust
The West Cornwall Pasty Company
Coffee shops and tea rooms
AMT Coffee
Betty's
Caffè Nero
Caffè Ritazza
Coffee #1
Coffee Republic
Costa Coffee
Harris + Hoole
Starbucks
Dairy
Baskin-Robbins
Ben & Jerry's
Kaspa's
Pub chains
All Bar One
Chef & Brewer
O'Neill's
Slug and Lettuce
Walkabout
Wetherspoons
Yates's
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Papa_John%27s_Pizza&oldid=818553971"
Categories:
Pizza chains of the United States
Pizza franchises
Fast-food chains of the United States
Fast-food franchises
Restaurant chains in the United States
Companies based in Louisville, Kentucky
American companies established in 1984
Restaurants established in 1984
1984 establishments in Indiana
Companies listed on NASDAQ
Pizza chains of Canada
Pizza chains of the United Kingdom
Hidden categories:
Pages containing links to subscription-only content
CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)
Use mdy dates from December 2017
Pages using deprecated image syntax
Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2016
All articles containing potentially dated statements
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
Dansk
Ελληνικά
Español
Français
한국어
Italiano
Lietuvių
Português
Русский
Simple English
Türkçe
Українська
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 4 January 2018, at 06:10.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

tag: div

attr: id class

value: mw-page-base noprint

key: html

type: local

value: mw-head-base noprint

tag: a

attr: id class lang

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

attr: class src alt title

value: Changes must be reviewed before being displayed on this page.

attr: id class src style alt

attr: href title

attr: class href

tag: i

attr: id style class

value: flaggedrevs_short flaggedrevs_stable_synced plainlinks noprint nomobile

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

tag: caption

attr: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attr: href class

attr: colspan class style

value: 2 logo text-align:center

tag: th

attr: scope style

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.nasdaq.com/symbol/pzza

value:
nofollow
https://www.papajohns.com/
external text

attr: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value: plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update

value: Edit section: Franchises outside the U.S.

value:
/wiki/PapaJohns.com_Bowl
mw-redirect
PapaJohns.com Bowl

value:
/wiki/The_Football_League
mw-redirect
The Football League

value:
/wiki/NBA_Playoffs
mw-redirect
NBA Playoffs

value:
/wiki/Squad_number
mw-redirect
Squad number

value:
/wiki/Asian_American
mw-redirect
Asian American

value:
/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act
mw-redirect
Affordable Care Act

value: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

value: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

value: List of pizza chains of the United States

value:
nofollow
https://www.papajohns.com/company/
external text

value: The site requires a paid subscription to access this page.

value:
/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau
mw-redirect
U.S. Census Bureau

value:
nofollow
external text
http://supermacs.ie

value:
/wiki/Birmingham_News
mw-redirect
Birmingham News

value:
/wiki/Cleveland_Plain_Dealer
mw-redirect
Cleveland Plain Dealer

value: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

value:
/wiki/Yellow_Cab_Pizza_Co.
mw-redirect
Yellow Cab Pizza Co.

value:
/wiki/Ask_(restaurant)
mw-redirect
Ask (restaurant)

value:
/wiki/CiCi%27s_Pizza
mw-redirect
CiCi's Pizza

value:
/wiki/Pizza_Capers
mw-redirect
Pizza Capers

value: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

value: Template:Fast-food chains of the United States

value: Template talk:Fast-food chains of the United States

value: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value: Template:Food chains in the United Kingdom

value: Template talk:Food chains in the United Kingdom

value: Category:Catering and food service companies of the United Kingdom

value:
/wiki/Casual_dining
mw-redirect
Casual dining

value:
/wiki/Giraffe_Restaurants
mw-redirect
Giraffe Restaurants

value: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value: Category:Pizza chains of the United States

value: Category:Fast-food chains of the United States

value: Category:Restaurant chains in the United States

value: Category:Companies based in Louisville, Kentucky

value: Category:American companies established in 1984

value: Category:Restaurants established in 1984

value: Category:Pizza chains of the United Kingdom

value: Category:Pages containing links to subscription-only content

value: Category:CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)

value: Category:Use mdy dates from December 2017

value: Category:Pages using deprecated image syntax

value: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2016

value: Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value:
/wiki/Papa_John%27s_Pizza
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

value: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

value: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

value: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

value: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

value: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

value: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

value: Permanent link to this revision of the page

value: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

value: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

value: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

value:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

value: بابا جونز بيتزا – Arabic

value: 파파 존스 피자 – Korean

value: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

value: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

value:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Papa_John_s_Pizza rootpage-Papa_John_s_Pizza skin-vector action-view


text:
Kool-Aid
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the flavored drink mix and pouched beverage. For other uses, see Cool Aid (disambiguation).
Kool-Aid
Product type
Powdered drink mix, pouched beverage and liquid
Owner
Kraft Foods
Country
United States
Invented: United States
Manufactured: Mexico
Introduced
1927
Markets
Worldwide[citation needed]
Website
www.koolaid.com
Kool-Aid is a brand of flavored drink mix owned by Kraft Foods. The powder form was created by Edwin Perkins in 1927 based upon a liquid concentrate called Fruit Smack.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Production
3 Advertising and promotion
4 Flavors
5 In popular culture
6 Other Kool-Aid products
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
History
The building in Hastings, Nebraska, where Kool-Aid was invented
Kool-Aid was invented by Edwin Perkins in Hastings, Nebraska. All of his experiments took place in his mother's kitchen.[1] Its predecessor was a liquid concentrate called Fruit Smack. To reduce shipping costs, in 1927, Perkins discovered a way to remove the liquid from Fruit Smack, leaving only a powder. This powder was named Kool-Aid. Perkins moved his production to Chicago in 1931 and Kool-Aid was sold to General Foods in 1953.[2] Hastings still celebrates a yearly summer festival called Kool-Aid Days on the second weekend in August, in honor of their city's claim to fame. Kool-Aid is known as Nebraska's official soft drink.[3][4]
An agreement between Kraft Foods and SodaStream in 2012 made Kool-Aid's various flavors available for consumer purchases and use with SodaStream's home soda maker machine.[5]
Production
Kool-Aid is usually sold in powder form, in either packets or small tubs. The actual beverage is prepared by mixing the powder with sugar (the packets of powder are usually, though not always, unsweetened) and water, typically by the pitcherful. The drink is usually either served with ice or refrigerated and served chilled. Additionally, there are some sugar-free varieties.
Kool-Aid is also sold as single-serving packets designed to be poured into bottled water, as small plastic bottles with pre-mixed drink, or as such novelties as ice cream or fizzing tablets.
The colors in Kool-Aid will stain, and hence the substance can be used as a dye for either hair[6] or wool.[7]
Advertising and promotion
See also: Kool-Aid Man
The Kool-Aid Man, an anthropomorphic pitcher filled with Kool-Aid, is the mascot of Kool-Aid. The character was introduced shortly after General Foods acquired the brand in the 1950s. In television and print ads, the Kool-Aid Man was known for randomly bursting through walls of children's homes and proceeding to make a batch of Kool-Aid for them. His catch phrase is "Oh, yeah!"
Starting in 2011, Kraft began allocating the majority of the Kool-Aid marketing budget towards Latinos. According to the brand, almost 20 percent of Kool-Aid drinkers are Hispanic, and slightly more than 20 percent are African-American.[8]
In 2013, Kraft decided to overhaul the Kool-Aid Man, reimagining him as a CGI character, "a celebrity trying to show that he's just an ordinary guy."[9]
Flavors
Original 6 flavors[10] Cherry, Grape, Lemon-Lime, Orange, Raspberry, Strawberry[11]
Singles flavors[12] Black Cherry, Tropical Punch, Lemonade, Pink Lemonade, Cherry, Watermelon, Orange, Summer Punch
Sugar-Free flavors[citation needed] Cherry, Grape, Lemonade, Soarin' Strawberry Lemonade, Tropical Punch, Raspberry, Watermelon, KiwiLime
Water flavors[13] Jamaica, Mandarina-Tangerine, Mango, Tamarindo, Piña-Pineapple
Other flavors worldwide or previously available[13] Apple, Berry Blue, Bunch Berry, Blastin' Berry Cherry, Blue Berry Blast, Blue Moon Berry, Candy Apple, Cherry, Cherry Cracker, Chocolate, Cola, Eerie Orange, Frutas, Vermelhas, Golden Nectar, Grape, Grape Blackberry, Grape Tang, Melon Mango, Strawberry Splash, Great Blueberry, Great Blue-dini, Groselha, Guaraná, Ice Blue Raspberry Lemonade, Incrediberry, Kickin-Kiwi-Lime, Kolita, Lemon, Lemonade, Lemonade Sparkle, Lemon-Lime, Lime, Man-o-Mangoberry, Mango, Mountainberry Punch, Oh-Yeah Orange-Pineapple, Orange, Orange Enerjooz, Peach, Pina-Pineapple, Pink Lemonade, Pink Swimmingo, Purplesaurus Rex, Rainbow Punch, Raspberry, Roarin' Raspberry Cranberry, Rock-a-Dile Red, Root Beer, Scary Black Cherry, Scary Blackberry, Sharkleberry Fin, Slammin' Strawberry-Kiwi, Soarin' Strawberry-Lemonade, Strawberry, Strawberry Falls Punch, Strawberry Split, Strawberry-Raspberry, Sunshine Punch, Surfin' Berry Punch, Tangerine, Tropical Punch, Watermelon-Cherry, Shaking Starfruit, Watermelon, Solar Strawberry-Starfruit, Arctic Green Apple, Swirlin' Strawberry-Starfruit, Lemon Ice
In popular culture
"Drinking the Kool-Aid" refers to the 1978 Jonestown Massacre; the phrase suggests that one has mindlessly adopted the dogma of a group or leader without fully understanding the ramifications or implications. At Jonestown, Jim Jones' followers followed him to the end: after visiting Congressman Leo Ryan was shot at the airstrip, all the Peoples Temple members drank from a metal vat containing a mixture of "Kool Aid", cyanide, and prescription drugs Valium, Phenergan, and chloral hydrate. Present-day descriptions of the event often refer to the beverage not as Kool-Aid but as Flavor Aid,[14] a less-expensive product from Jel Sert reportedly found at the site.[15] Kraft Foods, the maker of Kool-Aid, has stated the same.[16][17] Implied by this accounting of events is that the reference to the Kool-Aid brand owes exclusively to its being better-known among Americans. Others are less categorical.[14] Both brands are known to have been among the commune's supplies: Film footage shot inside the compound prior to the events of November shows Jones opening a large chest in which boxes of both Flavor Aid and Kool-Aid are visible.[18] Criminal investigators testifying at the Jonestown inquest spoke of finding packets of "cool aid" (sic), and eyewitnesses to the incident are also recorded as speaking of "cool aid" or "Cool Aid."[19] However, it is unclear whether they intended to refer to the actual Kool-Aid–brand drink or were using the name in a generic sense that might refer to any powdered flavored beverage.
The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test is a work of literary journalism by Tom Wolfe depicting the life of Ken Kesey and the Merry Pranksters. The book's title is a reference to an acid test in Watts, California, where the Pranksters spiked a batch of Kool-Aid with the psychedelic drug LSD in the 1960s.[citation needed]
Other Kool-Aid products
Kool-Aid Twists drink mixes (discontinued, some flavors no longer have the "Twists" moniker on the package)
Kool-Aid Ice Cream Bars
Kool-Aid Singles drink mixes
Kool-Aid Kool Bursts
Kool-Aid Jammers (juice pouches similar to Capri Sun)
Kool-Aid Fun Fizz/Pop 'n Drop
Kool-Pops Freezer Pops
Kool-Aid Koolers juice boxes (discontinued)
Kool-Aid Dippers
Kool-Aid Drink Pitchers
Kool-Aid Cans
Kool-Aid Bottles
Kool-Aid Island Twists drink mixes (discontinued)
Kool-Aid Mega Mountain Twists drink mixes (discontinued)
Kool-Aid Fruit T's drink mixes (discontinued)
Ghoul-Aid Halloween themed drink mixes (revived in 2012)
Sugar Free Kool-Aid drink mixes
Kool-Aid Magic Twists drink mixes (discontinued) the powder of the drink mix changed color
Sharkleberry Fin Kool Pumps (discontinued) was a Burger King promotional item
Kool-Aid Ice Cool drink mixes (discontinued) gave the drinker a cooling sensation
Kool-Aid Invisible drink mixes turns the white drink mix powder clear
Kool-Aid Blast Offs space themed drink mixes (discontinued)
See also
Freshie, a Canadian version of Kool-Aid
References
Jump up ^ The History of Kool-Aid and Edwin Perkins.
Jump up ^ "History of Kool-Aid". Hastings Museum of Culture and History. Archived from the original on June 15, 2008. Retrieved May 16, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Nebraska takes sweet turn, names Kool-Aid state drink". Deseret News. May 22, 1998.
Jump up ^ Gustafson, Angela (August 9, 2011). "Nebraska's official soft drink celebrated at the 14th Annual Kool-Aid Days on Aug. 12-14". The Fence Post.
Jump up ^ "Kraft and SodaStream in deal for Kool-Aid". The Chicago Tribune. Reuters. July 18, 2012. Retrieved July 30, 2012.
Jump up ^ Matt Molstad; et al. "How to dip dye your hair with kool-aid". Wiki how. Wiki How. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ Porter, Kristi. "Dyed in the wool". knitty.
Jump up ^ Newman, Andrew Adam (May 27, 2011). "ADVERTISING; Kraft Aims Kool-Aid Ads at a Growing Hispanic Market". The New York Times. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
Jump up ^ Van Hoven, Jason (April 15, 2013). "New Kool-Aid Man: Oh Yeah! What Does The New Kool-Aid Man Look Like? [VIDEO]". IBT Media, Inc. Archived from the original on 2013-04-15. Retrieved April 15, 2013.
Jump up ^ Kool-Aid Days
Jump up ^ "The History of Kool-Aid". Hastings Museum of Natural & Cultural History. 2008. Archived from the original on February 5, 2009. Retrieved April 3, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Kool-Aid Powdered".
^ Jump up to: a b Shaw, Scott (October 8, 2006). "Kool-Aid Komics". Oddball Comics. Retrieved November 17, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b Eric Zorn (November 18, 2008). "Change of Subject, "Have you drunk the 'Kool Aid' Kool Aid". Chicago Tribune, www.chicagotribune.com. Retrieved August 27, 2009.
Jump up ^ Krause, Charles A. (December 17, 1978). "Jonestown Is an Eerie Ghost Town Now". Washington Post.
Jump up ^ Martin Khin (December 19, 2007). "Don't Drink the Grape-Flavored Sugar Water..." Fast Company, www.fastcompany.com. Archived from the original on April 7, 2005. Retrieved August 27, 2009.
Jump up ^ Al Thomkins (November 13, 2003). "Al's Morning Meeting, "Thursday Edition: Clearing Kool-Aid's Name"". The Poynter Institute, www.poynter.org. Archived from the original on December 4, 2003. Retrieved August 27, 2009.
Jump up ^ Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple
Jump up ^ "Guyana inquest" (PDF).
External links
Drink portal
Official website
History of Kool-Aid from a museum in Hastings, Nebraska
[hide]
v
t
e
Kraft Foods Group brands
Condiments
A.1. Steak Sauce
Bonox
Bull's-Eye Barbecue Sauce
Claussen pickles
Grey Poupon
Kraft Mayo
Miracle Whip
Vegemite
Beverages
Café HAG
Capri Sun1
Country Time
Crystal Light
Gevalia
Kool-Aid
Maxwell House
Tassimo
Convenience foods
and baking goods
Boca Burger
Calumet
Kraft Macaroni and Cheese
Oscar Mayer
Planters
Shake 'n Bake
South Beach Living
Stove Top
Velveeta Shells & Cheese
Dairy products
Cheez Whiz
Cool Whip
Dairylea
Easy Cheese
Philadelphia
Polly-O
Provel cheese
Singles
Velveeta
Desserts
Jell-O
1This brand is owned by Rudolf Wild GmbH and manufactured under license by Kraft Foods only in the United States, Canada, and Greenland.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kool-Aid&oldid=822681296"
Categories:
Juice brands
Kraft Foods brands
American soft drinks
Nebraska culture
Products introduced in 1927
Corporate mascots
Hidden categories:
Use mdy dates from June 2016
Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism
Pages using deprecated image syntax
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from March 2013
Articles with unsourced statements from April 2008
Articles with unsourced statements from April 2010
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
View source
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Deutsch
Español
Français
Nederlands
Português
Suomi
Svenska
Winaray
Edit links
This page was last edited on 27 January 2018, at 21:53.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

value: mw-page-base noprint

value: mw-head-base noprint

tag: img

value: This article is semi-protected due to vandalism

attr: class id

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attr: href class title

value:
/wiki/Cool_Aid_(disambiguation)
mw-redirect mw-disambig
Cool Aid (disambiguation)

attr: role class

value:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

tag: td

attr: colspan style

tag: tr

value: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2013)

value:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

value:
nofollow
http://www.koolaid.com/
external text

value:
/wiki/Catch_phrase
mw-redirect
Catch phrase

value: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2008)

value:
/wiki/Genericized_trademark
mw-redirect
Genericized trademark

value: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2010)

value:
/wiki/The_Chicago_Tribune
mw-redirect
The Chicago Tribune

value: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

value: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

value: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

value:
nofollow
http://www.kraftbrands.com/koolaid/
external text

value:
/wiki/A.1._Steak_Sauce
mw-redirect
A.1. Steak Sauce

value:
/wiki/South_Beach_Living
mw-redirect
South Beach Living

value: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value: Category:Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism

value: Category:Pages using deprecated image syntax

value: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

value: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2013

value: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2008

value: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2010

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value:
/wiki/Kool-Aid
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value:
This page is protected.
You can view its source [ctrl-alt-e]

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

value:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kool-Aid
Kool-Aid – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

value:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kool-Aid
Kool-Aid – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

value:
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kool-Aid
Kool-Aid – French
fr
fr
interlanguage-link-target

value:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kool-Aid
Kool-Aid – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

value:
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kool-Aid
Kool-Aid – Portuguese
pt
pt
interlanguage-link-target

value:
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kool-Aid
Kool-Aid – Finnish
fi
fi
interlanguage-link-target

value:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kool-Aid
Kool-Aid – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

value:
https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kool-Aid
Kool-Aid – Waray
war
war
interlanguage-link-target

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Kool-Aid rootpage-Kool-Aid skin-vector action-view


text:
Hemostasis
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Not to be confused with homeostasis.
Hemostasis or haemostasis is a process which causes bleeding to stop, meaning to keep blood within a damaged blood vessel (the opposite of hemostasis is hemorrhage). It is the first stage of wound healing. This involves coagulation, blood changing from a liquid to a gel. Intact blood vessels are central to moderating blood's tendency to form clots. The endothelial cells of intact vessels prevent blood clotting with a heparin-like molecule and thrombomodulin and prevent platelet aggregation with nitric oxide and prostacyclin. When endothelial injury occurs, the endothelial cells stop secretion of coagulation and aggregation inhibitors and instead secrete von Willebrand factor which initiate the maintenance of hemostasis after injury. Hemostasis has three major steps: 1) vasoconstriction, 2) temporary blockage of a break by a platelet plug, and 3) blood coagulation, or formation of a fibrin clot. These processes seal the hole until tissues are repaired.
Contents
[hide]
1 Etymology and pronunciation
2 Steps of mechanism
3 Types
4 In emergency medicine
5 Disorders
6 History of artificial hemostasis
7 Research
8 References
9 External links
Etymology and pronunciation[edit]
The word hemostasis (/ˌhiːmoʊˈsteɪsɪs/,[1][2] sometimes /ˌhiːˈmɒstəsɪs/) uses the combining forms hemo- and -stasis, New Latin from Ancient Greek αἱμο- haimo- (akin to αἷμα haîma), "blood", and στάσις stásis, "stasis", yielding "motionlessness or stopping of blood".
Steps of mechanism[edit]
Further information: Coagulation
Aggregation of thrombocytes (platelets). Platelet-rich human blood plasma (left vial) is a turbid liquid. Upon addition of ADP, platelets are activated and start to aggregate, forming white flakes (right vial)
Hemostasis occurs when blood is present outside of the body or blood vessels. It is the instinctive response for the body to stop bleeding and loss of blood. During hemostasis three steps occur in a rapid sequence. Vascular spasm is the first response as the blood vessels constrict to allow less blood to be lost. In the second step, platelet plug formation, platelets stick together to form a temporary seal to cover the break in the vessel wall. The third and last step is called coagulation or blood clotting. Coagulation reinforces the platelet plug with fibrin threads that act as a "molecular glue".[3] Platelets are a large factor in the hemostatic process. They allow for the creation of the "platelet plug" that forms almost directly after a blood vessel has been ruptured. Within seconds of a blood vessel's epithelial wall being disrupted platelets begin to adhere to the sub-endothelium surface. It takes approximately sixty seconds until the first fibrin strands begin to intersperse among the wound. After several minutes the platelet plug is completely formed by fibrin.[4] Hemostasis is maintained in the body via three mechanisms:
Vascular spasm (Vasoconstriction) - Vasoconstriction is produced by vascular smooth muscle cells, and is the blood vessel's first response to injury. The smooth muscle cells are controlled by vascular endothelium, which releases intravascular signals to control the contracting properties. When a blood vessel is damaged, there is an immediate reflex, initiated by local sympathetic pain receptors, which helps promote vasoconstriction. The damaged vessels will constrict (vasoconstrict) which reduces the amount of blood flow through the area and limits the amount of blood loss. Collagen is exposed at the site of injury, the collagen promotes platelets to adhere to the injury site. Platelets release cytoplasmic granules which contain serotonin, ADP and thromboxane A2, all of which increase the effect of vasoconstriction. The spasm response becomes more effective as the amount of damage is increased. Vascular spasm is much more effective in smaller blood vessels.[5][6]
Platelet plug formation- Platelets adhere to damaged endothelium to form a platelet plug (primary hemostasis) and then degranulate. This process is regulated through thromboregulation. Plug formation is activated by a glycoprotein called Von Willebrand factor (vWF), which is found in plasma. Platelets play one of major roles in the hemostatic process. When platelets come across the injured endothelium cells, they change shape, release granules and ultimately become ‘sticky’. Platelets express certain receptors, some of which are used for the adhesion of platelets to collagen. When platelets are activated, they express glycoprotein receptors that interact with other platelets, producing aggregation and adhesion. Platelets release cytoplasmic granules such as adenosine diphosphate (ADP), serotonin and thromboxane A2. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) attracts more platelets to the affected area, serotonin is a vasoconstrictor and thromboxane A2 assists in platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction and degranulation. As more chemicals are released more platelets stick and release their chemicals; creating a platelet plug and continuing the process in a positive feedback loop. Platelets alone are responsible for stopping the bleeding of unnoticed wear and tear of our skin on a daily basis. This is referred to as primary hemostasis.[5][7]
Clot formation - Once the platelet plug has been formed by the platelets, the clotting factors (a dozen proteins that travel along the blood plasma in an inactive state) are activated in a sequence of events known as 'coagulation cascade' which leads to the formation of Fibrin from inactive fibrinogen plasma protein. Thus, a Fibrin mesh is produced all around the platelet plug to hold it in place; this step is called "Secondary Hemostasis". During this process some red and white blood cells are trapped in the mesh which causes the primary hemostasis plug to become harder: the resultant plug is called as 'thrombus' or 'Clot'. Therefore 'blood clot' contains secondary hemostasis plug with blood cells trapped in it. Though this is often a good step for wound healing, it has the ability to cause severe health problems if the thrombus becomes detached from the vessel wall and travels through the circulatory system; If it reaches the brain, heart or lungs it could lead to stroke, heart attack, or pulmonary embolism respectively. However, without this process the healing of a wound would not be possible.[3]
Types[edit]
Hemostasis can be achieved in various other ways if the body cannot do it naturally (or needs help) during surgery or medical treatment. When the body is under shock and stress, hemostasis is harder to achieve. Though natural hemostasis is most desired, having other means of achieving this is vital for survival in many emergency settings. Without the ability to stimulate hemostasis the risk of hemorrhaging is great. During surgical procedures the types of hemostasis listed below can be used to control bleeding while avoiding and reducing the risk of tissue destruction. Hemostasis can be achieved by chemical agent as well as mechanical or physical agents. Which hemostasis type used is determined based on the situation.[8]
Developmental Haemostasis refers to the differences in the haemostatic system between children and adults.
In emergency medicine[edit]
Debates by physicians and medical practitioners still continue to arise on the subject of hemostasis and how to handle situations with large injuries. If an individual acquires a large injury resulting in extreme blood loss, then a hemostatic agent alone would not be very effective. Medical professionals continue to debate on what the best ways are to assist a patient in a chronic state; however, it is universally accepted that hemostatic agents are the primary tool for smaller bleeding injuries.[8]
Some main types of hemostasis used in emergency medicine include:
Chemical/topical- This is a topical agent often used in surgery settings to stop bleeding. Microfibrillar collagen is the most popular choice among surgeons [recent source?] because it attracts the patient's natural platelets and starts the blood clotting process when it comes in contact with the platelets. This topical agent requires the normal hemostatic pathway to be properly functional.[9]
Direct pressure or pressure dressing- This type of hemostasis approach is most commonly used in situations where proper medical attention is not available. Putting pressure and/or dressing to a bleeding wound slows the process of blood loss, allowing for more time to get to an emergency medical setting. Soldiers use this skill during combat when someone has been injured because this process allows for blood loss to be decreased, giving the system time to start coagulation.[10]
Sutures and ties- Sutures are often used to close an open wound, allowing for the injured area to stay free of pathogens and other unwanted debris to enter the site; however, it is also essential to the process of hemostasis. Sutures and ties allow for skin to be joined back together allowing for platelets to start the process of hemostasis at a quicker pace. Using sutures results in a quicker recovery period because the surface area of the wound has been decreased.[11]
Physical agents (gelatin sponge)- Gelatin sponges have been indicated as great hemostatic devices. Once applied to a bleeding area, a gelatin sponge quickly stops or reduces the amount of bleeding present. These physical agents are mostly used in surgical settings as well as after surgery treatments. These sponges absorb blood, allow for coagulation to occur faster, and give off chemical responses that decrease the time it takes for the hemostasis pathway to start.[12]
Disorders[edit]
The body's hemostasis system requires careful regulation in order to work properly. If the blood does not clot sufficiently, it may be due to bleeding disorders such as hemophilia or immune thrombocytopenia; this requires careful investigation. Over-active clotting can also cause problems; thrombosis, where blood clots form abnormally, can potentially cause embolisms, where blood clots break off and subsequently become lodged in a vein or artery.
Hemostasis disorders can develop for many different reasons. They may be congenital, due to a deficiency or defect in an individual's platelets or clotting factors. A number of disorders can be acquired as well, such as in HELLP syndrome, which is due to pregnancy, or Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), which is due to E. coli toxins.
History of artificial hemostasis[edit]
The process of preventing blood loss from a vessel or organ of the body is referred to as hemostasis. The term comes from the Ancient Greek roots "heme" meaning blood, and "stasis" meaning halting; Put together means the "halting of the blood".[3] The origin of hemostasis dates back as far as ancient Greece; first referenced to being used in the Battle of Troy. It started with the realization that excessive bleeding inevitably equaled death. Vegetable and mineral styptics were used on large wounds by the Greeks and Romans until the takeover of Egypt around 332BC by Greece. At this time many more advances in the general medical field were developed based off the study of Egyptian mummification practice, which led to greater knowledge of the hemostatic process. It was during this time that many of the veins and arteries running throughout the human body were found and the directions in which they traveled. Doctors of this time realized if these were plugged, blood could not continue to flow out of the body. Nevertheless, it took until the invention of the printing press during the fifteenth century for medical notes and ideas to travel westward, allowing for the idea and practice of hemostasis to be expanded.[13]
Research[edit]
There is currently a great deal of research being conducted on hemostasis. The most current research is based on genetic factors of hemostasis and how it can be altered to reduce the cause of genetic disorders that alter the natural process hemostasis.[14]
Von Willebrand disease is associated with a defect in the ability of the body to create the platelet plug and the fibrin mesh that ultimately stops the bleeding. New research is concluding that the von Willebrand disease is much more common in adolescence. This disease negatively hinders the natural process of Hemostasis causing excessive bleeding to be a concern in patients with this disease. There are complex treatments that can be done including a combination of therapies, estrogen-progesterone preparations, desmopressin, and Von Willebrand factor concentrates. Current research is trying to find better ways to deal with this disease; however, much more research is needed in order to find out the effectiveness of the current treatments and if there are more operative ways to treat this disease.[15]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "hemostasis". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 2016-01-21.
Jump up ^ "hemostasis". Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2016-01-21.
^ Jump up to: a b c Marieb, Elaine Nicpon; Hoehn, Katja (2010). Human Anatomy & Physiology (8th ed.). San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings. pp. 649–50.
Jump up ^ Boon, G. D. "An Overview of Hemostasis." Toxicologic Pathology 21.2 (1993): 170-79.
^ Jump up to: a b Alturi, Pavan (2005). The Surgical Review: An Integrated Basic and Clinical Science Study Guide. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 300.
Jump up ^ Zdanowicz, M (2003). Essentials of pathophysiology for pharmacy. Florida: CRC Press. p. 23.
Jump up ^ Li, Zhenyu (11 Nov 2010). "Signaling during platelet adhesion and activation". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 30: 2341–2349. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.207522.
^ Jump up to: a b Kulkarni Roshni (2004). "Alternative and Topical Approaches to Treating the Massicely Bleeding Patient" (PDF). Advances in Hematology. 2 (7): 428–31.
Jump up ^ Aldo Moraci, et al. "The Use Of Local Agents: Bone Wax, Gelatin, Collagen, Oxidized Cellulose." European Spine Journal 2004; 13.: S89-S96.
Jump up ^ Smith Shondra L.; Belmont John M.; Casparian J. Michael (1999). "Analysis Of Pressure Achieved By Various Materials Used For Pressure Dressings". Dermatologic Surgery. 25 (12): 931–934. doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.99151.x.
Jump up ^ Kozak Orhan; et al. (2010). "A New Method For Hepatic Resection And Hemostasis: Absorbable Plaque And Suture". Eurasian Journal of Medicine. 41: 1–4.
Jump up ^ Tahriri Mohammadreza; et al. (2011). "Preparation And Characterization Of Absorbable Hemostat Crosslinked Gelatin Sponges For Surgical Applications". Current Applied Physics. 11 (3): 457–461.
Jump up ^ "Wies, C. H. "The History of Hemostasis." Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 2". 1929: 167–68. PMC 2606227  .
Jump up ^ Rosen, Elliot D.; Xuei, Xiaoling; Suckow, Mark; Edenberg, Howard (2006). "Searching for hemostatic modifier genes affecting the phenotype of mice with very low levels of FVII". Blood Cells, Molecules and Diseases. 36 (2): 131–134. doi:10.1016/j.bcmd.2005.12.037.
Jump up ^ Mikhail, Sameh; Kouides, Peter (December 2010). "von Willebrand Disease in the Pediatric and Adolescent Population". Journal of Pediatric & Adolescent Gynecology. 23 (6): S3–S10. doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2010.08.005.
External links[edit]
Hemostasis at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
[hide]
v
t
e
Myeloid physiology
Hematopoiesis
Myelopoiesis
(CFU-GEMM)
CFU-GM
Granulopoiesis
Myeloblast
Promyelocyte
Myelocyte
Metamyelocyte
Band cell
Monocytopoiesis
Monoblast
Promonocyte
MEP
Thrombopoiesis
Megakaryoblast
Promegakaryocyte
Erythropoiesis
Proerythroblast
Normoblast
Reticulocyte
General
Extramedullary hematopoiesis
Hemostasis
Coagulation
Fibrinolysis
Clot retraction
Platelet adhesiveness
Other
Erythrocyte aggregation
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hemostasis&oldid=835524679"
Categories:
Hematology
Coagulation system
Healing
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Azərbaycanca
Български
Català
Dansk
Deutsch
Español
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Gaeilge
한국어
Հայերեն
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
Lietuvių
Македонски
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Plattdüütsch
Polski
Português
Română
Runa Simi
Русский
Shqip
Svenska
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Việt
中文
24 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 9 April 2018, at 06:00.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

value: mw-page-base noprint

value: mw-head-base noprint

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

tag: b

value: American and British English spelling differences

value: Edit section: Etymology and pronunciation

value:
/wiki/Vascular_spasm
mw-redirect
Vascular spasm

value:
/wiki/Pain_receptors
mw-redirect
Pain receptors

value:
/wiki/Clotting_factors
mw-redirect
Clotting factors

value:
/wiki/Heart_attack
mw-redirect
Heart attack

value:
/wiki/Chemical_agents
mw-redirect
Chemical agents

value:
/wiki/Hemostatic_agent
mw-redirect
Hemostatic agent

value:
/wiki/Pressure_dressing
mw-redirect
Pressure dressing

value:
/wiki/Gelatin_sponge
mw-redirect
Gelatin sponge

value:
/wiki/Immune_thrombocytopenia
mw-redirect
Immune thrombocytopenia

value: Edit section: History of artificial hemostasis

value:
/wiki/Battle_of_Troy
mw-redirect
Battle of Troy

value:
/wiki/Genetic_disorders
mw-redirect
Genetic disorders

value:
/wiki/Oxford_Dictionaries
mw-redirect
Oxford Dictionaries

value:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1161%2FATVBAHA.110.207522

attr: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bcmd.2005.12.037

value:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jpag.2010.08.005

value: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

value: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value:
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
interface

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value:
/wiki/Hemostasis
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

value: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

value: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

value: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

value: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

value: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

value: Permanent link to this revision of the page

value: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

value: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

value: إرقاء – Arabic

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

value: Хемостаза – Bulgarian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

value: interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle

value:
https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemostasi
Hemostasi – Basque
eu
eu
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

value: خون‌ایستی – Persian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ga
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

value: Հեմոստազ – Armenian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

value:
https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemostaza
Hemostaza – Croatian
hr
hr
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

value:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emostasi
Emostasi – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

value: Хемостаза – Macedonian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mk
display: none;

value:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemostase
Hemostase – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

value:
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemostase
Hemostase – Norwegian
no
no
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nds
display: none;

value:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemostaza
Hemostaza – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

value:
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemostase
Hemostase – Portuguese
pt
pt
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-qu
display: none;

value: Остановка кровотечения – Russian

value:
https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemostaza
Hemostaza – Albanian
sq
sq
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sq
display: none;

value:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemostas
Hemostas – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

value:
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemostaz
Hemostaz – Turkish
tr
tr
interlanguage-link-target

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

value: Зупинка кровотечі – Ukrainian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

value: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

value: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

value: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

value:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Hemostasis rootpage-Hemostasis skin-vector action-view