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List of Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu
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Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
Incumbent
Edappadi K. Palaniswami
since 16 February 2017
Appointer
Governor of Tamil Nadu
Inaugural holder
A. Subbarayalu Reddiar
Formation
17 December 1920
The state of Tamil Nadu in India has an electorate of more than 70 million people (7 crores)[1]
The complete list of Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu consists of the heads of government in the history of the state of Tamil Nadu in India since 1920. The area under the present-day state of Tamil Nadu has been part of different territorial configurations under Madras Presidency and Madras State in its history.[2][3]
Contents
[hide]
1 List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu
1.1 Madras Presidency
1.2 Madras State
1.3 Tamil Nadu
2 Records
3 Footnotes and References
4 See also
List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu[edit]
Madras Presidency[edit]
Madras Presidency in 1909, southern portion
The Madras Presidency, headquartered in Fort St. George, was a province of British India that comprised present day Tamil Nadu, the Malabar region of North Kerala, the coastal and Rayalaseema regions of Andhra Pradesh, and the Bellary, Dakshina Kannada, and Udupi districts of Karnataka. It was established in 1653 to be the headquarters of the English settlements on the Coromandel Coast.
The territory under the presidency comprised only Madraspatnam and surrounding regions. But, after the Anglo-French wars and the consequent alliance between the English East India Company and the Nawab of Arcot, it was expanded to comprise the region from Northern Circars to Cape Comorin. Alongside, the governance structure also evolved from a modest secretariat with a single secretary for the Public Department in 1670 to six departments overseen by a Chief Secretary by 1920. With the enactment of Government of India Act 1919, the first legislature was formed in 1920 after general elections.[4] The term of the legislative council was three years. It had 132 members of whom 34 were nominated by the Governor and the rest were elected.
Under the Government of India Act 1935, a bicameral legislature was set up with a legislative assembly consisting of 215 members and a legislative council having 56 members. The first legislative assembly under this act was constituted in July 1937. The legislative council was a permanent body with a third of its members retiring every three years.[5]
In 1939, the British government declared India's entrance into World War II without consulting provincial governments. The Indian National Congress protested by asking all its elected representatives to resign from the governments.[6] Congress came back to power in 1946 after new provincial elections.[7]
#[8]
Name
Portrait
Took office
Left office
Term[9]
Political party
Election
1 A. Subbarayalu Reddiar 17 December 1920 11 July 1921 1st
(206 days) Justice Party[10] 1920 Madras Legislative Council Election
2 Raja of Panagal 11 July 1921 11 September 1923 1st
(792 days) Justice Party[10]
Raja of Panagal 19 November 1923 4 December 1926 2nd
(1,111 days) Justice Party[11][12][13] 1923 Madras Legislative Council Election
3 P. Subbarayan 4 December 1926 27 October 1930 1st
(1,423 days) Unaffiliated[10] 1926 Madras Legislative Council Election
4 B. Munuswamy Naidu 27 October 1930 5 November 1932 1st
(740 days) Justice Party[10] 1930 Madras Legislative Council Election
5 Ramakrishna Ranga Rao (Raja of Bobbilli) 5 November 1932 5 November 1934 1st
(730 days) Justice Party[10]
Ramakrishna Ranga Rao 5 November 1934 4 April 1936 2nd
(516 days) Justice Party[10] 1934 Madras Legislative Council Election
6 P. T. Rajan 4 April 1936 24 August 1936 1st
(142 days) Justice Party[10]
(5) Ramakrishna Ranga Rao 24 August 1936 1 April 1937 3rd
(220 days) Justice Party[10]
7 Kurma Venkata Reddy Naidu 1 April 1937 14 July 1937 1st
(104 days) Interim provisional ministry[14][15][16][17] 1937 Madras Legislative Assembly Election
8 C. Rajagopalachari 14 July 1937 29 October 1939 1st
(837 days) Indian National Congress
- Governor's Rule[18] 29 October 1939 30 April 1946 (2,375 days)
9 Tanguturi Prakasam 30 April 1946 23 March 1947 1st
(327 days) Indian National Congress 1946 Madras Legislative Assembly Election
10 O. P. Ramaswamy Reddiyar 23 March 1947 6 April 1949 1st
(745 days) Indian National Congress
11 P. S. Kumaraswamy Raja 6 April 1949 26 January 1950 1st
(295 days) Indian National Congress
Madras State[edit]
Map of southern India showing the Madras State in yellow before the reorganisation of 1956
Madras State, precursor to the present day state of Tamil Nadu, was created after India became a republic on 26 January 1950.[19] It comprised present-day Tamil Nadu and parts of present-day Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Kerala. The first legislature of the Madras State to be elected on the basis of universal suffrage was constituted on 1 March 1952, after the general elections held in January 1952.[20]
The state was split up along linguistic lines in 1953, carving out Andhra State. Under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, the States of Kerala, and Mysore were carved out of the Madras state. Under the implementation of the Andhra Pradesh and Madras Alteration of Boundaries Act, 1959, with effect from 1 April 1960, Tirutani taluk and Pallipattu sub-taluk of Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh were transferred to Madras State in exchange for territories from the Chingelput and Salem Districts.[4][21]
#[8]
Name
Portrait
Took office
Left office
Term[9]
Political party
Election
1 P. S. Kumaraswamy Raja 26 January 1950 10 April 1952 2nd
(805 days) Indian National Congress 1946 Madras Legislative Assembly Election
2 C. Rajagopalachari 10 April 1952 13 April 1954 2nd
(733 days) 1952 Madras Legislative Assembly Election
3 K. Kamaraj 13 April 1954 31 March 1957 1st
(1,083 days)
13 April 1957 1 March 1962 2nd
(1,783 days) 1957 Madras Legislative Assembly Election
15 March 1962 2 October 1963 3rd
(566 days) 1962 Madras Legislative Assembly Election
4 M. Bakthavatsalam 2 October 1963 6 March 1967 1st
(1,251 days)
5 C. N. Annadurai 6 March 1967 14 January 1969 1st
(680 days) DMK 1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election
[22]
Tamil Nadu[edit]
The political state of Tamil Nadu in India was created in 1969 when erstwhile Madras State was renamed
Madras State was renamed as Tamil Nadu (Tamil for Tamil country) on 14 January 1969.[19] The legislative assembly adopted a resolution on 14 May 1986, to abolish the legislative council. Thereafter, the legislative council was abolished through an act of Parliament named the Tamil Nadu Legislative Council (Abolition) Act, 1986[23] with effect from 1 November 1986. The state legislature is unicameral, and consists of 235 members including one nominated member.[5]
The Chief Minister commands most of the executive powers while the Governor has a largely ceremonial role. The Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, like other Chief Ministers of India, is elected by legislators of the political party or the coalition which commands a simple majority in the legislative assembly. The tenure of the Chief Minister extends as long as he or she enjoys the confidence of the assembly. The incumbent shall vacate the office in the event of a successful motion of no confidence. Also, the President of India, acting under the recommendations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Government of India, can dismiss an elected government using certain provisions of Article 356 of the Constitution of India. In 1976, Karunanidhi's government was dismissed and President's rule was imposed on the grounds of corruption.[24] If a vacancy is caused to the office of the Chief Minister due to death, demitting, or dismissal, the Governor can invite another person to form the government and request him or her to move a confidence-seeking motion in the Assembly. In the event of no one enjoying majority support, the Assembly is either dissolved or put in suspended animation and the state comes under President's rule or a caretaker government until fresh elections are held for the assembly. The incumbent shall be disqualified if convicted of a criminal offence with a jail sentence of two years or more. In 2014, Jayalalithaa lost her post due to a special court sentencing her to four years of prison term in the disproportionate assets case.[25]
#[8]
Name
Portrait
Took office
Left office
Term[9]
Political party[26]
Election
1 C. N. Annadurai 14 January 1969 3 February 1969[†][27] 1st
(20 days) DMK 1967 State assembly election
2 V.R. Nedunchezhiyan[19]
MLA for Triplicane 3 February 1969 10 February 1969 1st
(7 days)
3 M. Karunanidhi
MLA for Saidapet 10 February 1969 4 January 1971 1st
(693 days)
M. Karunanidhi
MLA for Saidapet 15 March 1971 31 January 1976 2nd
(1,783 days) 1971 State assembly election
President's rule[19] 31 January 1976 30 June 1977 (516 days)
4 M. G. Ramachandran
MLA for Aruppukkottai July 1977 17 February 1980 1st
(962 days) AIADMK 1977 State assembly election
President's rule[19] 17 February 1980 9 June 1980 (113 days)
(4) M. G. Ramachandran
MLA for Madurai West 9 June 1980 15 November 1984 2nd
(1,620 days) AIADMK 1980 State assembly election
M. G. Ramachandran
MLA for Andipatti 10 February 1985 24 December 1987[†] 3rd
(1,042 days) 1984 State assembly election
(2) V.R. Nedunchezhiyan[19]
MLA for Athoor 24 December 1987 7 January 1988 2nd
(8 days)
5 Janaki Ramachandran 7 January 1988 30 January 1988 1st
(23 days)
President's rule[19] 30 January 1988 27 January 1989 (363 days)
(3) M. Karunanidhi
MLA for Harbour 27 January 1989 30 January 1991 3rd
(733 days) DMK 1989 State assembly election
President's rule[19] 30 January 1991 24 June 1991 (145 days)
6 J. Jayalalithaa
MLA for Bargur 24 June 1991 13 May 1996 1st
(1,785 days) AIADMK 1991 State assembly election
(3) M. Karunanidhi
MLA for Chepauk 13 May 1996 13 May 2001 4th
(1,826 days) DMK 1996 State assembly election
(6)[28] J. Jayalalithaa
MLA for Andipatti 14 May 2001 21 September 2001 (130 days) [28] AIADMK 2001 State assembly election
7 O. Panneerselvam
MLA for Periyakulam 21 September 2001 1 March 2002 1st
(161 days)
(6) J. Jayalalithaa
MLA for Andipatti 2 March 2002 12 May 2006 2nd
(1,532 days) [28]
(3) M. Karunanidhi
MLA for Chepauk 13 May 2006 15 May 2011[29] 5th[30]
(1,828 days) DMK 2006 State assembly election
(6) J. Jayalalithaa
MLA for Srirangam 16 May 2011 27 September 2014[25] 3rd[31]
(1,230 days) AIADMK 2011 State assembly election
(7) O. Panneerselvam
MLA for Bodinayakkanur 29 September 2014[32] 22 May 2015[33] 2nd
(235 days)
(6) J. Jayalalithaa
MLA for RK Nagar 23 May 2015[34] 23 May 2016 4th
(366 days)
(6) 24 May 2016[35] 5 December 2016[†] 5th
(196 days) 2016 State assembly election
(7) O. Panneerselvam
MLA for Bodinayakkanur 6 December 2016[36] 15 February 2017[22]
3rd
(72 days)
8 K. Palaniswami
MLA for Edappadi 16 February 2017[37] Incumbent 1st
7002343000000000000♠343 days
Key
† Assassinated or died in office
Records[edit]
Annadurai (centre and leaning towards right) with K. A. Mathialagan, V. P. Raman, Rajaji and M. Karunanidhi at a private function in 1968
Ignoring an intervening President's rule from 17 February 1980 to 9 June 1980, the Chief Minister with the longest tenure (in successive terms) in office was M. G. Ramachandran, lasting 10 years, 5 months and 25 days from 30 June 1977 until his death on 24 December 1987.
K. Kamaraj was the Chief Minister with the longest tenure without intervening President's rules. His terms lasted from 13 April 1954 to 2 October 1963, i.e. 9 years, 5 months and 19 days.
The shortest period is 24 days by Janaki Ramachandran who held office from 7 January 1988 to 30 January 1988.
J.Jayalalithaa holds a record by sworning as Chief Minister six times, followed by Karunanidhi who sworn five times.
On 21 September 2001, the Supreme Court of India ruled that the appointment of Ms. Jayalalithaa as Chief Minister on 14 May 2001 was null and invalid, with retrospective effect. Therefore, technically, decisions of her cabinet during the period May–September 2001 in effect became legal fiction.
J. Jayalalithaa became the first incumbent Chief Minister to lose her post in a graft case when a special court sentenced her to four years of prison term on 27 September 2014.[25] The sentence was subsequently overturned by the Karnataka High Court which acquitted Jayalalithaa of all charges and that allowed her to return to the post for a fourth term.
M. Karunanidhi has been in the office as CM for around 6863 days (Around 18 years) in multiple tenures. Also was the only Indian Chief Minister holding post at different occasions spanning 6 decades starting from 1960's (from 1969), 1970's (till 1976), 1980's ( from 1989), 1990's (till 1991 and again from 1996), 2000's (till 2001 and again from 2006) and 2010's (up to 2011).
J. Jayalalithaa became the first woman Chief Minister in India to die in office on 5 December 2016. She was the fifteenth Chief Minister to die in office and the third in Tamil Nadu, after C. N. Annadurai and M. G. Ramachandran.
Footnotes and References[edit]
Jump up ^ Mariappan, Julie (31 May 2013). "Tamil Nadu population rises to 7.2 crore in a decade". The Times of India. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
Jump up ^ Archive.org — Government of Tamil Nadu — Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu since 1920
Jump up ^ Government of Tamil Nadu — Assemblies — An Overview Archived 6 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b Government of Tamil Nadu — Tamil Nadu Secretariat — Brief History
^ Jump up to: a b Legislative bodies of India - Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
Jump up ^ The Telegraph - Own Goal - Partition became inevitable once the Congress resigned in 1939
Jump up ^ Pakistan - toward partition
^ Jump up to: a b c The colours indicate the political party affiliation of each Chief Minister.
^ Jump up to: a b c The ordinal number of the term being served by the person specified in the row in the corresponding period
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h World Statesmen.org — Provinces of British India
Jump up ^ Rajaraman, P. (1988). The Justice Party: a historical perspective, 1916-37. Poompozhil Publishers. pp. 212–220.
Jump up ^ Sundararajan, Saroja (1989). March to freedom in Madras Presidency, 1916-1947. Lalitha Publications. pp. 334–389. OCLC 20222383.
Jump up ^ S. Krishnaswamy (1989). The role of Madras Legislature in the freedom struggle, 1861-1947. People's Pub. House (New Delhi). pp. 126–131.
Jump up ^ Though Congress won the election, it refused to form the government as it did not like the Governor's veto power over the cabinet. The Governor of Madras, Lord Erskine, decided to form an interim provisional Government with non-members and opposition members of the Legislative Assembly. V. S. Srinivasa Sastri was first offered the Chief Ministership of the interim government but he refused to accept it. Eventually an interim Government was formed under Kurma Venkata Reddy Naidu on 1 April 1937. It lasted till July, when the Congress accepted Viceroy Linlithgow's assurance that the veto would not be abused and decided to form the government.
Jump up ^ Ramanathan, K. V. (2008). The Satyamurti letters: the Indian freedom struggle through the eyes of a parliamentarian, Volume 1. Pearson Education India. pp. 301–5. ISBN 9788131714881. ISBN 81-317-1488-8, ISBN 978-81-317-1488-1.
Jump up ^ Menon, Visalakshi (2003). From movement to government: the Congress in the United Provinces, 1937-42. Sage. p. 75. ISBN 9780761996200. ISBN 0-7619-9620-6, ISBN 978-0-7619-9620-0.
Jump up ^ Nagarajan, Krishnaswami (1989). Dr. Rajah Sir Muthiah Chettiar: a biography. Annamalai University. pp. 63–70.
Jump up ^ Congress Ministries in all the provinces of British India resigned on 29 October 1939 protesting the viceroy's declaration of war against Germany. Madras Presidency remained under "the direct rule of the Governor of the Province" till the next elections were held in March 1946. (INDIA (FAILURE OF CONSTITUTIONAL MACHINERY) HC Deb 16 April 1946 vol 421 cc2586-92)
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h World Statesmen.org — Indian states since 1947
Jump up ^ Government of Tamil Nadu — The State Legislature — Origin and Evolution Archived 13 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Historical Importance of Kanchipuram Archived 18 May 2006 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b "O Panneerselvam resigns as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, cites personal reasons". The Indian Express. 2017-02-05. Retrieved 2017-02-06.
Jump up ^ "The Tamil Nadu Legislative Council (Abolition) Act, 1986".
Jump up ^ The Hindu - Delhi's warning
^ Jump up to: a b c "Jayalalitha is the first CM to lose post in a graft case". DNA India. 27 September 2014.
Jump up ^ This column only names the chief minister's party. The state government he heads may be a complex coalition of several parties and independents; these are not listed here.
Jump up ^ "DMK, AIADMK pay homage to Annadurai". Archived from the original on 2005-03-04. ... the leader's life was cut short by cancer 3 February 1969.
^ Jump up to: a b c On 21 September 2001, a five-judge constitutional bench of the Supreme Court of India ruled in a unanimous verdict that "a person who is convicted for a criminal offence and sentenced to imprisonment for a period of not less than two years cannot be appointed the Chief Minister of a State under Article 164 (1) read with (4) and cannot continue to function as such". Thereby, the bench decided that "in the appointment of Ms. Jayalalithaa as Chief Minister there has been a clear infringement of a Constitutional provision and that a writ of quo warranto must issue". In effect her appointment as Chief Minister was declared null and invalid with retrospective effect. Therefore, technically, she was not the Chief Minister in the period between 14 May 2001 and 21 September 2001 (The Hindu — SC unseats Jayalalithaa as CM, Full text of the judgment from official Supreme Court site).
Jump up ^ The Hindu - Karunanidhi resigns
Jump up ^ BBC News - New leader for Tamil Nadu state
Jump up ^ "Jayalalithaa begins third term as Chief Minister today". NDTV. 16 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Jayalalithaa's trusted aide Panneerselvam sworn as Tamil Nadu's new chief minister
Jump up ^ O Panneerselvam resigns from Chief Minister post
Jump up ^ "Jayalalitha sworn in as chief minister of Tamil Nadu". BBC News. 23 May 2015. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
Jump up ^ PTI. "AIADMK comes to power again; Jayalalitha bucks tradition". The Financial Express. Archived from the original on 20 May 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Jayalalithaa no more: O Panneerselvam sworn in as the new Tamil Nadu CM". The Financial Express. 2016-12-05. Retrieved 2016-12-05.
Jump up ^ T. Ramakrishnan. "Edappadi Palaniswami sworn in as Tamil Nadu Chief Minister". The Hindu. 17 February 2017.
See also[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chief ministers of Tamil Nadu.
Elections in Tamil Nadu
History of Tamil Nadu
List of current Indian chief ministers
List of Governors of Tamil Nadu
List of Speakers of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
[show]
v
t
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Andhra Pradesh
N. Chandrababu Naidu
Arunachal Pradesh
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Assam
Sarbananda Sonowal
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Trivendra Singh Rawat
West Bengal
Mamata Banerjee
Women chief ministers
From the Bharatiya Janata Party
From the Communist Party of India (Marxist)
[hide]
v
t
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Elections in Tamil Nadu
Council elections
1920
1923
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1937
1946
Assembly elections
1937
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1957
1962
1967
1971
1977
1980
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Assembly by-elections
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2002
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Who We Are Instead
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Who We Are Instead
Studio album by Jars of Clay
Released
November 4, 2003
Recorded
2003
Genre
Christian rock, folk rock
Length
51:01
Label
Essential
Producer
Jars of Clay, Ron Aniello
Jars of Clay chronology
Furthermore: From the Studio, From the Stage
(2003)Furthermore: From the Studio, From the Stage2003 Who We Are Instead
(2003) Roots & Wings
(2005)Roots & Wings2005
Singles from Who We Are Instead
"Show You Love"
Released: October 14, 2003
"Sunny Days"
Released: 2004
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source
Rating
Allmusic [1]
Christianity Today [2]
Cross Rhythms [3]
Jesus Freak Hideout [4]
Who We Are Instead is the fifth full-length studio album recorded by Christian rock band Jars of Clay, and produced by Mitch Dane. It was released in 2003 by Essential Records.
Representing their most acoustic-based since their first disc, Who We Are Instead is their most relaxed-sounding material to date. The stripped-down sound accompanied a more direct focus on their spirituality, with Gospel influences apparent in some of the songs and the names of God and Jesus being more explicitly mentioned throughout the disc. Guitarist Steve Mason proved to be rather versatile on this album, with several songs featuring either the lap steel or mandolin.
The songs "Show You Love" and "Sunny Days", two of the more upbeat songs on a generally contemplative and reflective album, were released as singles.
The album features two covers: The 1974 song "Lonely People" by America, and the 1971 composition "Jesus' Blood Never Failed Me Yet" by Gavin Bryars. The song "Amazing Grace" is not a cover of the popular hymn, but rather an original song written by the band.
Contents
[hide]
1 Track listing
1.1 Standard release
1.2 Special edition bonus disc track listing
2 Charts
3 References
Track listing[edit]
Standard release[edit]
"Sunny Days" - 3:30
"Amazing Grace" (featuring Ashley Cleveland) - 5:18
"Lonely People" (America cover) - 2:45
"Only Alive" - 4:04
"Trouble Is" - 3:50
"Faith Enough" - 5:24
"Show You Love" - 3:33
"Lesser Things" - 4:36
"I'm in the Way" - 2:33
"Jesus Blood Never Failed Me Yet" (Gavin Bryars cover) - 3:39
"Jealous Kind" (featuring Ashley Cleveland) - 4:10
"Sing" - 4:11
"My Heavenly" - 3:29
Special edition bonus disc track listing[edit]
"Tonight" - 3:42
"Shipwrecked" - 2:58
Charts[edit]
Release Year
The Billboard 200 Chart Position
2003 103
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Allmusic review
Jump up ^ Christianity Today review
Jump up ^ Cummings, Tony (January 2004). "Jars of Clay - Who We Are Instead". Cross Rhythms (78).
Jump up ^ Jesus Freak Hideout review
[hide]
v
t
e
Jars of Clay
Band members Non-member performers
Dan Haseltine
Stephen Mason
Matt Odmark
Charlie Lowell
Former
Matt Bronleewe
Jake Goss
Gabe Ruschival
Former
Scott Savage
Aaron Sands
Joe Porter
Jeremy Lutito
Alex Fragiskatos
Discography
Studio albums
Jars of Clay
Much Afraid
If I Left the Zoo
The Eleventh Hour
Furthermore: From the Studio, from the Stage
Who We Are Instead
Redemption Songs
Good Monsters
Christmas Songs
The Long Fall Back to Earth
The Shelter
Inland
Compilation albums
Jar of Gems
The Essential Jars of Clay
Greatest Hits
Other releases
Drummer Boy
Stringtown
The White Elephant Sessions
Front Yard Luge
11Live: Jars of Clay in Concert
iTunes Originals
Roots & Wings
Mini Monsters
Live Monsters
Closer
Live at Gray Matters
See also
List of awards
Ron Aniello
Adrian Belew
Dennis Herring
Mark Hudson
Stephen Lipson
Greg Wells
"Frail"
City on a Hill
Blood: Water Mission
Essential Records
Gray Matters
Greenville College
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Who_We_Are_Instead&oldid=811922226"
Categories:
Jars of Clay albums
Essential Records (Christian) albums
2003 albums
Albums produced by Ron Aniello
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This page was last edited on 24 November 2017, at 20:26.
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