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Sarah
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For the given name Sarah, see Sarah (given name).
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Sarah
A depiction of Sarah and her husband, Abraham on the far left, hosting three angels in white robes
Personal
Born
Sarai
Ur Kaśdim
Died
Hebron
Spouse
Abraham (half-brother)
Children
Isaac
Relatives
Haran (brother-in-law)
Nahor (brother-in-law)
Terah (father-in-law)
Lot (nephew)
Lot's wife (niece)
Sarah or Sara (/ˈsɛərə/ SAIR-ə;[1] Hebrew: שָׂרָה, Modern Sara, Tiberian Śārā ISO 259-3 Śara; Latin: Sara; Arabic: سارا or سارة Sāra) was the half–sister and wife of Abraham[2] and the mother of Isaac as described in the Hebrew Bible. Her name was originally Sarai (Hebrew: שָׂרָי, Sarai). According to Genesis 17:15, God changed her name to Sarah as part of a covenant after Hagar bore Abraham his first son, Ishmael.
The Hebrew name Sarah indicates a woman of high rank and is translated as "princess" or "noblewoman".[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 In the Hebrew Bible
1.1 Departure from Ur
1.2 Pharaoh's harem
1.3 Hagar and Ishmael
1.4 Isaac
1.5 Abimelech
1.6 Death
1.7 Family tree
2 In rabbinic literature
2.1 Pharaoh's harem
2.2 Relations with Hagar
2.3 Death
3 New Testament references
4 Islam
5 Tomb of Sarah
6 Contemporary works and analysis
7 Notes
8 External links
In the Hebrew Bible[edit]
Abram’s Counsel to Sarai (watercolor circa 1896–1902 by James Tissot)
Sarah was the half-sister and wife of Abraham. She was considered beautiful to the point that Abraham feared that when they were near more powerful rulers she would be taken away and given to another man. Twice he purposely identified her as being his sister so that he would be "treated well" for her sake.[4] No reason is given why Sarah remained barren (childless) for a long period of time.[5] She was originally called "Sarai", which is translated "my princess". Later she was called "Sarah", i.e., "princess".[6]
Departure from Ur[edit]
Terah, with Abram (as he was then called), Sarai and Lot, departed for Canaan, but stopped in a place named Haran, where Terah remained until he died at the age of 205.[7] The LORD had told Abram to leave his country and his father's house for a land that he would show him, promising to make of him a great nation, bless him, make his name great, bless those who blessed him, and curse "him" that curses him.[8] Following God's command, Abram took his wife Sarai, his nephew Lot, and the wealth and persons that they had acquired, and traveled to Shechem in Canaan. Abram was 75 at this time.[9]
Pharaoh's harem[edit]
Sarai Is Taken to Pharaoh's Palace by James Tissot.
There was a severe famine in the land of Canaan, so that Abram and Lot and their households, travelled south to Egypt. On the journey to Egypt, Abram instructed Sarai to identify herself only as his sister, fearing that the Egyptians would kill him in order to take his wife, saying, "I know what a beautiful woman you are. When the Egyptians see you, they will say, 'this is his wife.' Then they will kill me but will let you live. Say you are my sister, so that I will be treated well for your sake and my life will be spared because of you."[10] When brought before Pharaoh, Sarai said that Abram was her brother, and the king thereupon took her into his palace and bestowed upon the latter many presents and marks of distinction. It is possible that Sarai acquired her Egyptian handmaid Hagar during this stay. However, God afflicted Pharaoh's household with great plagues.[11] Pharaoh then realized that Sarai was Abram's wife and demanded that they leave Egypt immediately.[12]
Hagar and Ishmael[edit]
Banishment of Hagar, Etching. À Paris chez Fr. Fanet, Éditeur, Rue des Saints Pères n° 10. 18th century. Sarah is seen at the left, looking on.
After having lived in Canaan for ten years and still childless, Sarai suggested that Abram have a child with her Egyptian handmaid Hagar, to which he agreed. This resulted in tension between Sarai and Hagar, and Sarai complained to her husband that the handmaid no longer respected her.[13] At one point, Hagar fled from her mistress but returned after angels met her. She gave birth to Abram's son Ishmael when Abram was eighty-six years old.[14]
Isaac[edit]
In Genesis 17 when Abram was ninety-nine years old, God declared his new name: "Abraham" – "a father of many nations", and gave him the covenant of circumcision. God gave Sarai the new name "Sarah", and blessed her.[15] Abraham was given assurance that Sarah would have a son. Not long afterwards, Abraham and Sarah were visited by three men. One of the visitors told Abraham that upon his return next year, Sarah would have a son. While at the tent entrance, Sarah overheard what was said, and she laughed to herself about the prospect of having a child at their ages. The visitor inquired of Abraham why Sarah laughed at the idea of bearing a child, for her age was as nothing to God. Sarah soon became pregnant and bore a son to Abraham, at the very time which had been spoken. The patriarch, then a hundred years old, named the child "Isaac" (Hebrew yitschaq, "laughter") and circumcised him when he was eight days old.[16] For Sarah, the thought of giving birth and nursing a child, at such an old age, also brought her much laughter, as she declared, "God had made me to laugh, [so that] all that hear will laugh with me."[17] Abraham held a great feast on the day when Isaac was to be weaned. It was during this banquet that Sarah happened upon the then teenaged Ishmael mocking[18] and was so disturbed that she requested that both he and Hagar be removed from their company.[19] Abraham was initially distressed by this but relented when told by God to do as his wife had asked.[20]
Abimelech[edit]
Sarah, as depicted on Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum by Guillaume Rouillé
After being visited by the three men, Abraham and Sarah settled between Kadesh and Shur in the land of the Philistines. While he was living in Gerar, Abraham again claimed that Sarah was his sister. King Abimelech subsequently had her brought to him. Later, God came to Abimelech in a dream and declared that taking her would result in death because she was a married woman. Abimelech, who had not laid hands on her, inquired if he would also slay a righteous nation, especially since Abraham had claimed that he and Sarah were siblings. In response, God told Abimelech that he did indeed have a blameless heart and that was why he continued to exist. However, if he did not return Sarah to Abraham, God would surely destroy Abimelech and his entire household. Abimelech was informed that Abraham was a prophet who would pray for him.[21]
Early next morning, Abimelech informed his servants of his dream and approached Abraham inquiring as to why he had brought such great guilt upon his kingdom. Abraham replied that he thought there was no fear of God in that place, and that they might kill him for his wife. Then Abraham defended what he had said as not being a lie at all: "And yet indeed she is my sister; she is the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother; and she became my wife."[22] Abimelech returned Sarah to Abraham, and gave him gifts of sheep, oxen, and servants; and invited him to settle wherever he pleased in Abimelech's lands. Further, Abimelech gave Abraham a thousand pieces of silver to serve as Sarah's vindication before all. Abraham then prayed for Abimelech and his household, since God had stricken the women with infertility because of the taking of Sarah.[23]
Death[edit]
Sarah, who died at the age of 127, is the only woman in the Hebrew scriptures (Old Testament) whose age is given.[24] Abraham buried her in the Cave of the Patriarchs (also called the Cave of Machpelah), near Hebron which he had purchased, along with the adjoining field, from Ephron the Hittite and laid her to rest in the cave.[25]
Family tree[edit]
Terah
Sarah[26] Abraham Hagar Haran
Nahor
Ishmael Milcah Lot Iscah
Ishmaelites 7 sons[27] Bethuel 1st daughter 2nd daughter
Isaac Rebecca Laban Moabites Ammonites
Esau Jacob Rachel
Bilhah
Edomites Zilpah
Leah
1. Reuben
2. Simeon
3. Levi
4. Judah
9. Issachar
10. Zebulun
Dinah (daughter) 7. Gad
8. Asher 5. Dan
6. Naphtali 11. Joseph
12. Benjamin
In rabbinic literature[edit]
The Talmud[28] identifies Sarai with Iscah, daughter of Abraham's deceased brother Haran,[29] so that in this Sarah turns out to be the niece of Abraham and the sister of Lot and Milcah. Rashi on Genesis 20:12 She is [indeed] my sister, my father's daughter. - And the daughter of [one's] father [from a different mother] is permitted to a son of Noah, [i.e., a non-Jew], for there is no [ halachic relationship {with regard to forbidden marriages} through] paternity for non-Jews. In order to bear out his words he answered him {Avimelech} thus. And if you will say [by way of objection], is it not true that she was the daughter of his brother (Sanhedrin 58b), [and not his father? The answer is that] the children of children are like [one's own] children (Yevamos 62b. In his comments to Exodus 18:1, Rashi explains that "young children call their father's father, 'Father'.") and [Sarah] is thus [considered] the daughter of Terah, [Abraham's father, for she was the daughter of Haran, another son of Terah].[30]
Pharaoh's harem[edit]
When brought before Pharaoh, Sarah said that Abram was her brother, and the king thereupon bestowed upon the latter many presents and marks of distinction.[31] As a token of his love for Sarai the king deeded his entire property to her, and gave her the land of Goshen as her hereditary possession: for this reason the Israelites subsequently lived in that land.[32] Sarai prayed to God to deliver her from the king, and He thereupon sent an angel, who struck Pharaoh whenever he attempted to touch her. Pharaoh was so astonished at these blows that he spoke kindly to Sarai, who confessed that she was Abraham's wife. The king then ceased to annoy her.[31] According to another version, Pharaoh persisted in annoying her after she had told him that she was a married woman; thereupon the angel struck him so violently that he became ill, and was thereby prevented from continuing to trouble her.[33] According to one tradition it was when Pharaoh saw these miracles wrought in Sarai's behalf that he gave her his daughter Hagar as slave, saying: "It is better that my daughter should be a slave in the house of such a woman than mistress in another house." Abimelech acted likewise.[34] Sarah is the sister of Abram by another mother and wife of Abram as described in the Hebrew Bible (the Book of Genesis). In Genesis 17:15, God changes her name to Sarah (princess) ("a woman of high rank") as part of the covenant with El Shaddai after Hagar bears Abram his first born son Ishmael. The name Sarai uses the semitic root Šarai or law and like El has the sense of power, authority, lord, deity, natural law, law as might be expected for the lady of the house. The Hebrew name Sarah indicates a woman of high rank (less than that of 1st wife) and is sometimes translated as "princess."
Relations with Hagar[edit]
Abraham, Sarah and Hagar, imagined here in a Bible illustration from 1897.
Sarai treated Hagar well, and induced women who came to visit her to visit Hagar also. Hagar, when pregnant by Abraham, began to act superciliously toward Sarai, provoking the latter to treat her harshly, to impose heavy work upon her, and even to strike her.[35] Some believe Sarai was originally destined to reach the age of 175 years, but forty-eight years of this span of life were taken away from her because she complained of Abraham, blaming him as though he was the cause that Hagar no longer respected her.[36][37] Sarah was sterile; but a miracle was granted to her[38] after her name was changed from "Sarai" to "Sarah".[36] According to one myth, when her fertility had been restored and she had given birth to Isaac, the people would not believe in the miracle, saying that the patriarch and his wife had adopted a foundling and pretended that it was their own son. Abraham thereupon invited all the notabilities to a banquet on the day when Isaac was to be weaned. Sarah invited the women, also, who brought their infants with them; and on this occasion she gave milk from her breasts to all the strange children, thus convincing the guests of the miracle.[39]
Death[edit]
Legends connect Sarah's death with the attempted sacrifice of Isaac,[40] however, there are two versions of the story. According to one, Samael came to her and said: "Your old husband seized the boy and sacrificed him. The boy wailed and wept; but he could not escape from his father." Sarah began to cry bitterly, and ultimately died of her grief.[41] According to the other legend, Satan came to Sarah disguised as an old man, and told her that Isaac had been sacrificed. Believing it to be true, she cried bitterly, but soon comforted herself with the thought that the sacrifice had been offered at the command of God. She started from Beer-sheba to Hebron, asking everyone she met if he knew in which direction Abraham had gone. Then Satan came again in human shape and told her that it was not true that Isaac had been sacrificed, but that he was living and would soon return with his father. Sarah, on hearing this, died of joy at Hebron. Abraham and Isaac returned to their home at Beer-sheba, and, not finding Sarah there, went to Hebron, where they discovered her dead.[42] According to the Genesis Rabbah, during Sarah's lifetime her house was always hospitably open, the dough was miraculously increased, a light burned from Friday evening to Saturday evening, and a pillar of cloud rested upon the entrance to her tent.[43]
New Testament references[edit]
The First Epistle of Peter praises Sarah for obeying her husband.[44] She is praised for her faith in the Hebrews "hall of faith" passage alongside a number of other Old Testament figures.[45] Other New Testament references to Sarah are in Romans[46] and Galatians.[47] In Galatians 4, she and Hagar are used as an allegory of the old and new covenants:
"For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the slave woman and the other by the free woman. His son by the slave woman was born in the ordinary way; but his son by the free woman was born as the result of a promise. These things may be taken figuratively, for the women represent two covenants. One covenant is from Mount Sinai and bears children who are to be slaves: This is Hagar. Now Hagar stands for Mount Sinai and corresponds to the present city of Jerusalem, because she is in slavery with her children. But the Jerusalem that is above is free, and she is our mother...Now you, brothers, like Isaac, are children of promise...Therefore, brothers, we are not children of the slave woman, but of the free woman."[48]
Islam[edit]
Mausoleum of Sarah, Abraham's wife in the Mosque of Abraham
Sarah (Arabic: سارة Sāra), the wife of the patriarch and Islamic prophet Abraham and the mother of the prophet Isaac, is an honoured woman in the Islamic faith. She lived with Abraham throughout her life and, although she was barren, God promised her the birth of a prophetic son, Isaac. Abraham, however, prayed constantly to God for a child. Sarah, being barren, subsequently gave him her Egyptian handmaiden,[49] Hājar (Hagar), to wed as his second wife. Hagar bore Ismā'īl (Ishmael), when Abraham was eighty-six,[50] who too would become a prophet of God like his father. Thirteen years later, God announced to Abraham, then ninety-nine,[51] that barren Sarah would give birth to Abraham's second son, Isaac, who would also be a prophet of the Lord. Although the Qur'an does not mention Sarah by name, it mentions the annunciation of the birth of Isaac. The Qur'an mentions that Sarah laughed when the angels gave her the glad tidings of Isaac:
There came Our messengers to Abraham with glad tidings. They said, 'Peace!' He answered, 'Peace!' and hastened to entertain them with a roasted calf.
But when he saw their hands went not towards the (meal), he felt some mistrust of them, and conceived a fear of them. They said: "Fear not: We have been sent against the people of Lut.
And his wife was standing (there), and she laughed: But we gave her glad tidings of Isaac, and after him, of Jacob.
She said: "Alas for me! shall I bear a child, seeing I am an old woman, and my husband here is an old man? That would indeed be a wonderful thing!"
—  Qur'an, Sura 11 (Hud), ayat 69-72[52]
Tomb of Sarah[edit]
Mausoleum of Sarah, 1911.
Sarah is believed to be buried in the Cave of the Patriarchs (known by Muslims as the Sanctuary of Abraham). The compound, located in the ancient city of Hebron, is the second holiest site for Jews (after the Temple Mount in Jerusalem), and is also venerated by Christians and Muslims, both of whom have traditions which maintain that the site is the burial place of three biblical couples; Abraham and Sarah, Isaac and Rebecca, and Jacob and Leah. According to the Book of Genesis, Abraham purchased the plot of land for her tomb from a man named Ephron the Hittite.[53]
Contemporary works and analysis[edit]
Sarah has been featured in several novels, and she is the central character in Sarah by Orson Scott Card in the Women of Genesis series, Sarai: A Novel by Jill Eileen Smith, and Sarah: A Novel by Marek Halter. In the Christian fiction novel Redeeming Love by Francine Rivers, the protagonist, called "Angel" throughout the duration of the story, is barren. At the end of the book, she reveals that her birth name is "Sarah" to her husband, who takes the revelation as a promise from God that they will one day be able to have children. In the 1994 movie Abraham, Sarah is portrayed by Barbara Hershey.
Sarah is also a subject discussed in nonfiction books. In Twelve Extraordinary Women by Pastor John F. MacArthur, her life and story is analyzed along with that of Eve, Rahab, Ruth, Hannah, the Virgin Mary, Anna the Prophetess, the Samaritan woman at the well, Mary of Bethany, Martha, Mary Magdalene, and Lydia of Thyatira.[54] Sarah appears in Slightly Bad Girls of the Bible: Flawed Women Loved by a Flawless God by Liz Curtis Higgs alongside several other biblical women.[55]
Some classical and modern scholars have analyzed Abraham's reasoning for hiding Sarah's position as his wife. Rashi argued that when a stranger comes to town, the proper thing to do would be to inquire if he needs food and drink, not whether his female companion is a married woman, and hence as Abimelech did the latter, it tipped off Abraham to the fact that there is no fear of God in this place, and so he lied about his relationship with Sarah in order to avoid being killed. Christian interpretation of the incidents has varied considerably. Some commentators have seen them as regrettable exceptions in the lives of those who otherwise lived upright lives, comparable to Noah's and Lot's drunkenness and David's adultery.
Others have questioned Sarah's status as Abraham's sister. According to Emanuel Feldman (1965), basing his argument on Albright's interpretation of the archaeology of Nuzu, a wife could legally be awarded the title "sister", and that this was the most sacred form of marriage, and hence Abraham and Isaac referred to their wives as "sisters" for this reason. Most archaeologists[who?] however dispute that view, instead arguing the opposite - that sisters in the region were often awarded the title "wife" in order to give them much greater status in society.[56] Savina Teubal's book Sarah the Priestess explains that while Sarah was indeed both Abram's wife and sister, there was no incest taboo because she was a half-sister by a different mother.[57]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Wells, John C. (1990). Longman pronunciation dictionary. Harlow, England: Longman. p. 621. ISBN 0-582-05383-8. entry "Sarah"
Jump up ^ Genesis 20:12
Jump up ^ Commentaries on Genesis 17:15, and Brown-Driver-Briggs' Hebrew Definitions
Jump up ^ Genesis 12:12-13, 20:2
Jump up ^ Genesis 11:30
Jump up ^ Matthew Henry's Commentary suggests that Sarai="my princess" would refer to a single family and Sarah="a princess" signified one of many, i.e. many families, in parallel to the change from Abram to Abraham
Jump up ^ Genesis 11:27–11:32
Jump up ^ Genesis 12:1–3
Jump up ^ Genesis 12:4
Jump up ^ Genesis 12:11-13, NIV
Jump up ^ Genesis 12:14–17
Jump up ^ Genesis 12:18–20
Jump up ^ Genesis 16:1–6
Jump up ^ Genesis 16:7–16
Jump up ^ Genesis 17:1–27
Jump up ^ Genesis 21:4
Jump up ^ Genesis 21:6–7
Jump up ^ Genesis 21:9
Jump up ^ Genesis 21:10
Jump up ^ Genesis 21:12
Jump up ^ Genesis 20:1–7
Jump up ^ Genesis 20:12
Jump up ^ Genesis 20:8–18
Jump up ^ Genesis 23:1,2 The ages of some other women can be deduced or approximated. Eve was created the same day as Adam, so when Seth was born when Adam had lived 130 years, Eve had lived as long also, short a number of hours.
Jump up ^ Genesis 23:1–20
Jump up ^ Genesis 20:12: Sarah was the half–sister of Abraham.
Jump up ^ Genesis 22:21-22: Uz, Buz, Kemuel, Chesed, Hazo, Pildash, and Jidlaph
Jump up ^ Sanhedrin 69B
Jump up ^ Genesis 11:29
Jump up ^ (Rashi, The Sapirstein Edition. Vol.1, pp. 213-14. Translated by R. Yisrael Isser Zvi Herczeg et al. Mesorah Publications, Ltd. Brooklyn: 1999.)
^ Jump up to: a b Sefer haYashar (Book of Jasher), section "Lek Leka".
Jump up ^ Pirḳe R. El. xxxvi.
Jump up ^ Genesis Rabbah xli. 2.
Jump up ^ Genesis Rabbah xlv. 2.
Jump up ^ Genesis Rabbah xlv. 9.
^ Jump up to: a b Rosh Hashanah 16b.
Jump up ^ Genesis Rabbah xlv. 7.
Jump up ^ Genesis Rabbah xlvii. 3.
Jump up ^ Bava Metzia 87a; comp. Gen. R. liii. 13.
Jump up ^ Gen. R. lviii. 5.
Jump up ^ Pirḳe de Rabbi Eliezer xxxii.
Jump up ^ Sefer haYashar, section "Wayera".
Jump up ^ Genesis Rabbah lx. 15.
Jump up ^ 1 Peter 3:6, cited in Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Sara". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
Jump up ^ Hebrews 11:11
Jump up ^ Romans 4:19 and 9:9, cited in Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Sara". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
Jump up ^ Galatians 4:22–23
Jump up ^ Galatians 4:22-26, 28, 31, NIV
Jump up ^ Lings, Martin (1983). "The House of God". Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources. Islamic Texts Society. ISBN 978-0042970509.
Jump up ^ Genesis 16:16: "And Abram [was] fourscore and six years old, when Hagar bare Ishmael to Abram."
Jump up ^ Genesis 17:1-22 "[v.1] And when Abram was ninety years old and nine, the LORD appeared to Abram ... [v.19] And God said, Sarah thy wife shall bear thee a son indeed; and thou shalt call his name Isaac ..."
Jump up ^ Quran 11:69–72
Jump up ^ Genesis 23
Jump up ^ Twelve Extraordinary Women: How God Shaped Women of the Bible, and What He Wants to Do with You (2008) ISBN 1-4002-8028-1
Jump up ^ Higgs, Liz, Slightly Bad Girls of the Bible: Flawed Women Loved by a Flawless God. 978-1400072125
Jump up ^ Emanuel Feldman. Changing patterns in Biblical criticism. Tradition 1965; 7(4) and 1966; 8(5).
Jump up ^ Savina Teubal (1984). Sarah The Priestess: The First Matriarch Of Genesis. ISBN 978-0-8040-0844-0.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sarah.
Rubenstein, Nechama. "The Three Faces of Sarah", Chabad.org
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Vizier
Zayd
Implied or not specified
Abrahah
Bal'am/Balaam
Barsisa
Caleb or Kaleb the companion of Joshua
Luqman's son
Nebuchadnezzar II
Nimrod
Rahmah the wife of Ayyub
Shaddad
Groups
Mentioned
Aş-ḥāb al-Jannah
People of Paradise
People of the Burnt Garden
Aş-ḥāb as-Sabṫ (Companions of the Sabbath)
Christian apostles
Ḥawāriyyūn (Disciples of Jesus)
Companions of Noah's Ark
Aş-ḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm (Companions of the Cave and Al-Raqaim?
Companions of the Elephant
People of al-Ukhdūd
People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin
People of Yathrib or Medina
Qawm Lûṭ (People of Sodom and Gomorrah)
Nation of Noah
Tribes, ethnicities or families
A‘rāb (Arabs or Bedouins)
ʿĀd (people of Hud)
Companions of the Rass
Qawm Tubba‘ (People of Tubba)
People of Saba’ or Sheba
Quraysh
Thamûd (people of Saleh)
Aṣ-ḥâb al-Ḥijr ("Companions of the Stoneland")
Ajam
Ar-Rûm (literally "The Romans")
Banî Isrâ’îl (Children of Israel)
Mu’ṫafikāṫ (The overthrown cities of Sodom and Gomorrah)
People of Ibrahim
People of Ilyas
People of Nuh
People of Shuaib
Ahl Madyan People of Madyan)
Aṣ-ḥāb al-Aykah ("Companions of the Wood")
Qawm Yûnus (People of Jonah)
Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog
Ahl al-Bayṫ ("People of the Household")
Household of Abraham
Brothers of Yūsuf
Daughters of Abraham's nephew Lot (Ritha, Za'ura, et al.)
Progeny of Imran
Household of Moses
Household of Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim
Daughters of Muhammad
Wives of Muhammad
Household of Salih
People of Fir'aun
Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad)
Aṣ-ḥāb Muḥammad (Companions of Muhammad)
Muhajirun (Emigrants)
Anṣār Muslims of Medina who helped Muhammad and his Meccan followers, literally 'Helpers')
People of Mecca
Umm Jamil (wife of Abu Lahab)
Children of Ayyub
Dead son of Sulaiman
Qabil/Cain (son of Adam)
Wali'ah or Wa'ilah/Waala (wife of Nuh)
Walihah or Wahilah (wife of Lut)
Ya’jūj wa Ma’jūj (Gog and Magog)
Yam or Kan'an (son of Nuh)
Implicitly
mentioned
Amalek
Ahl as-Suffa (People of the Verandah)
Banu Nadir
Banu Qaynuqa
Banu Qurayza
Iranian people
Umayyad Dynasty
Aus & Khazraj
People of Quba
Religious groups
Ahl al-dhimmah (Dhimmi)
Kâfirûn (Infidels)
Zoroastrians
Munāfiqūn (Hypocrites)
Muslims
People of the Book (Ahl al-Kiṫāb)
Naṣārā (Christian(s) or People of the Injil)
Ruhban (Christian monks)
Qissis (Christian priest)
Yahūd (Jews)
Ahbār (Jewish scholars)
Rabbani/Rabbi
Sabians
Polytheists
Meccan polytheists at the time of Muhammad
Mesopotamian polytheists at the time of Abraham and Lot
Locations
Mentioned
Al-Arḍ Al-Mubārakah ("The Land The Blessed")
Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah ("The Land The Holy")
In the Arabian Peninsula (excluding Madyan)
Al-Aḥqāf ("The Sandy Plains," or "the Wind-curved Sand-hills")
Iram dhāṫ al-‘Imād (Iram of the Pillars)
Al-Madīnah (formerly Yathrib)
‘Arafāṫ
Al-Ḥijr (Hegra)
Badr
Ḥunayn
Makkah (Mecca)
Bakkah
Ḥaraman Âminan ("Sanctuary (which is) Secure")
Ka‘bah (Kaaba)
Maqām Ibrāhīm (Station of Abraham)
Safa and Marwah
Saba’ (Sheba)
‘Arim Saba’ (Dam of Sheba)
Rass
Jahannam (Hell)
Jannah (Paradise, literally 'Garden')
In Mesopotamia:
Al-Jūdiyy
Munzalanm-Mubārakan ("Place-of-Landing Blessed")
Bābil (Babylon)
Qaryaṫ Yūnus ("Township of Jonah," that is Nineveh)
Door of Hittah
Madyan (Midian)
Majma' al-Bahrain
Miṣr (Mainland Egypt)
Salsabîl (A river in Paradise)
Sinai Region or Tīh Desert
Al-Wād Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan (The Holy Valley of Tuwa)
Al-Wādil-Ayman (The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and Mount Sinai)
Mount Sinai or Mount Tabor
Implied
Antioch
Antakya
Arabia
Ayla
Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn
Bayt al-Muqaddas & 'Ariha
Bilād ar-Rāfidayn (Mesopotamia)
Canaan
Cave of Seven Sleepers
Dār an-Nadwa
Al-Ḥijāz (literally "The Barrier")
Black Stone (Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad) & Al-Hijr of Isma'il
Cave of Hira & Ghar al-Thawr (Cave of the Bull)
Ta'if
Hudaybiyyah
Jordan River
Nile River
Palestine River
Paradise of Shaddad
Religious locations
Bay'a (Church)
Mihrab
Monastery
Masjid (Mosque, literally "Place of Prostration")
Al-Mash‘ar Al-Ḥarām ("The Monument the Sacred")
Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā (Al-Aqsa Mosque, literally "The Place-of-Prostration The Farthest")
Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām (The Sacred Mosque of Mecca)
Masjid al-Dirar
A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly:
Masjid Qubâ’ (Quba Mosque)
The Prophet's Mosque
Salat (Synagogue)
Plant matter
Shaṭ’ (Shoot)
Sūq (Stem)
Zar‘ (Seed)
Fruits
Ḥabb dhul-‘aṣf (Corn of the husk)
Rummān (Pomegranate)
Ukul khamṭ (Bitter fruit or food of Sheba)
In Paradise
Forbidden fruit of Adam
Bushes, trees or plants
Plants of Sheba
Athl (Tamarisk)
Sidr (lote-tree)
Līnah (Tender palm tree)
Nakhl (date palm)
Rayḥān (Scented plant)
Sidraṫ al-Munṫahā
Zaqqūm
Texts
Al-Injîl (The Gospel of Jesus)
Al-Qur’ân (The Book of Muhammad)
Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrâhîm (Scroll(s) of Abraham)
Aṫ-Ṫawrâṫ (The Torah)
Ṣuḥuf-i-Mûsâ (Scroll(s) of Moses)
Tablets of Stone
Az-Zabûr (The Psalms of David)
Umm al-Kiṫâb ("Mother of the Book(s)")
Objects of people or beings
Heavenly Food of Christian Apostles
Noah's Ark
Staff of Musa
Ṫābūṫ as-Sakīnah (Casket of Shekhinah)
Throne of Bilqis
Trumpet of Israfil
Mentioned idols
(cult images)
'Ansāb
Idols of Israelites:
Baal
The ‘ijl (golden calf statue) of Israelites
Idols of Noah's people:
Nasr
Suwā‘
Wadd
Yaghūth
Ya‘ūq
Idols of Quraysh:
Al-Lāṫ
Al-‘Uzzá
Manāṫ
Jibṫ and Ṭâghûṫ
Celestial bodies
Maṣābīḥ (literally 'lamps'):
Al-Qamar (The Moon)
Kawâkib (Planets)
Al-Arḍ (The Earth)
Nujūm (Stars)
Ash-Shams (The Sun)
Liquids
Mā’ (Water or fluid)
Nahr (River)
Yamm (River or sea)
Sharâb (Drink)
Events
Battle of al-Aḥzāb ("the Confederates")
Battle of Badr
Battle of Hunayn
Battle of Khaybar
Battle of Tabouk
Battle of Uhud
Conquest of Mecca
Incident of Ifk
Laylat al-Mabit
Mubahala
Sayl al-‘Arim (Flood of the Great Dam of Marib in Sheba)
The Farewell Pilgrimage (Hujja al-Wada')
Treaty of Hudaybiyyah
‘Umrah al-Qaza
Yawm ad-Dār
Implied
Event of Ghadir Khumm
Note: The names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)
[show]
v
t
e
Important women in Islam
Generations of Adam
Hawwa
Generations of Ibrāhīm and his sons
Sarah
Hājar
Rebecca
Rāḥīl
Generation of Mūsa
Asiya
Jochebed
Miriam
Ṣaffūrah
Reign of Kings
Bilquis, the Queen of Sheba
House of Amram
Hannah
Mariam
Elizabeth
Time of Muhammad
Aminah
Khadija bint Khuwaylid
Mothers of the Believers
Fatimah
Zaynab bint Ali
Early Sufism
Rabi'a al-'Adawiyya
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarah&oldid=837168733"
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Sara – Portuguese
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Stanley Cup Finals
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the NHL championship series. For the NHL post-season in general, see Stanley Cup playoffs. For the 2017 finals, see 2017 Stanley Cup Finals.
Stanley Cup Finals
The Stanley Cup is awarded to the winner of the championship series.
First awarded
1893
Most recent
2017
Current champions
Pittsburgh Penguins
(2017) (5th title)
Most titles
Montreal Canadiens (24)
The Stanley Cup Finals in ice hockey (also known as the Stanley Cup Final among various media,[nb 1] French: Finale de la Coupe Stanley) is the National Hockey League (NHL)'s championship series to determine the winner of the Stanley Cup, North America's oldest professional sports trophy.[1]
Originally inscribed the Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup, the trophy was donated in 1892 by Lord Stanley of Preston, then–Governor General of Canada, initially as a "challenge trophy" for Canada's top-ranking amateur ice hockey club. The champions held onto the Cup until they either lost their league title to another club, or a champion from another league issued a formal challenge and defeated the reigning Cup champion in a final game to claim their win.
Professional teams first became eligible to challenge for the Stanley Cup in 1906. Starting in 1915, the Cup was officially held between the champion of the National Hockey Association (NHA) and the champion of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA). After a series of league mergers and folds, it became the championship trophy of the National Hockey League (NHL) in 1926. Today, the championship round of the NHL's playoffs is a best-of-seven series played between the champions of the Eastern and Western Conferences.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Broadcasting
1.1.1 American local/national coverage policy for Stanley Cup Finals
2 Series format
3 Champions
4 Records
4.1 Team
4.1.1 Stanley Cup Final consecutive appearances
4.2 Individual
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
The Stanley Cup was first awarded to the Montreal Hockey Club in 1893 when the team won the 1893 AHAC season. The team then had to defend its champion-title both through league championships and challenge games organised by the Stanley Cup trustees. Until 1912, these challenges could take place before or during a league season. After 1912, the trustees ordered that challenges only take place after all league games were completed.[2]
The last challenge, in 1914, was the inauguration of the first "World Series" of ice hockey,[3] a series between the Stanley Cup and league champion Toronto Hockey Club of the National Hockey Association (NHA) and the Victoria Aristocrats, champions of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA). The series was pre-arranged between the two leagues prior to the season after post-season exhibitions held in their previous seasons. The inaugural series was to be held in the city of the NHA champion, and alternate annually following the series.
After the series got under way, there was some concern that the series would not produce an "official" Stanley Cup champion. The Victoria club had not formally applied to the Stanley Cup trustees to challenge for the Cup.[4] A letter arrived from the Stanley Cup trustees on March 17, that the trustees would not let the Stanley Cup travel west, because they did not consider Victoria a proper challenger, as they had not verified themselves with the trustees.[5] However, on March 18, trustee William Foran stated that it was a misunderstanding. PCHA president Lester Patrick, PCHA President, had not filed a challenge, because he had expected Emmett Quinn of the NHA to make all of the arrangements in his role as hockey commissioner, whereas the trustees thought they were being purposely ignored. The Victoria challenge was accepted.[6] Any tension was disffused as Toronto successfully defended the Cup by sweeping a best-of-five series in three games.[7] This began the end of the influence of the Stanley Cup trustees on the challengers and series for the Cup. In March 1914, trustee William Foran wrote to NHA president Emmett Quinn that the trustees are "perfectly satisfied to allow the representatives of the three pro leagues (NHA, PCHA and Maritime) to make all arrangements each season as to the series of matches to be played for the Cup."[8]
Victoria vs. Toronto
Date
Winning Team
Score
Losing Team
Rules
Notes
March 14, 1914 Toronto HC 5–2 Victoria Aristocrats NHA
March 17, 1914 Toronto HC 6–5 Victoria Aristocrats PCHA 15:00, OT
March 19, 1914 Toronto HC 2–1 Victoria Aristocrats NHA
Toronto Hockey Club wins best-of-five series 3 games to 0
[3]
All games played at Arena Gardens in Toronto.
Part of their 1913 agreement to set up drafting and player rights ownership, the NHA and PCHA leagues agreed to have their respective champions face each other for the Cup.[9] At the same time, the NHA concluded a similar agreement with the Maritime Hockey League but the MHL champions abandoned their 1914 challenge and did not challenge again. From 1914 onwards, the Stanley Cup championship finals alternated between the East and the West each year, with alternating games played according to NHA and PCHA rules.[10] The Cup trustees agreed to this new arrangement, because after the Allan Cup became the highest prize for amateur hockey teams in Canada, the trustees had become dependent on the top two professional leagues to bolster the prominence of the trophy.[11] After the Portland Rosebuds, an American-based team, joined the PCHA in 1914, the trustees issued a statement that the Cup was no longer for the best team in Canada, but now for the best team in the world.[10] Two years later, the Rosebuds became the first American team to play in the Stanley Cup championship finals.[7] In 1917, the Seattle Metropolitans became the first American team to win the Cup.[12] After that season, the NHA dissolved, and the National Hockey League (NHL) took its place.[10]
In 1919, the Spanish influenza epidemic forced the Montreal Canadiens and the Seattle Metropolitans to cancel their series tied at 2–2–1, marking the first time the Stanley Cup was not awarded.[13]
The format for the Stanley Cup championship changed in 1922, with the creation of the Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL). Now three leagues competed for the Cup and this necessitated a semi-final series between two league champions, with the third having a bye directly to the finals.[14] In 1924, the PCHA and the WCHL merged to form the Western Hockey League (WHL) and the championship reverted to a single series.[15] After winning in the 1924–25 season, the Victoria Cougars became the last team outside the NHL to win the Stanley Cup.[16]
The WHL folded in 1926, and most of the players moved to the NHL. This left the NHL as the only league left competing for the Cup. Other leagues and clubs have issued challenges, but from that year forward, no non-NHL team has played for it, leading it to become the de facto championship trophy of the NHL.[15] In 1947, the NHL reached an agreement with trustees P. D. Ross and Cooper Smeaton to grant control of the cup to the NHL, allowing the league itself to reject challenges from other leagues that may have wished to play for the Cup.[17][18] A 2006 Ontario Superior Court case found that the trustees had gone against Lord Stanley's conditions in the 1947 agreement.[19] The NHL has agreed to allow other teams to play for the Cup should the league not be operating, as was the case in the 2004–05 NHL lockout.[18]
Broadcasting[edit]
See also: List of American Stanley Cup Finals television announcers and List of Canadian Stanley Cup Finals television announcers
The first television broadcast was in 1953. English-language coverage was aired by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), with the play-by-play called by Danny Gallivan and colour commentary by Keith Dancy, hosted by Wes McKnight. The Hockey Night in Canada team of Gallivan and Dancy would cover the next eight Finals. Gallivan would call his last championship series in 1978. Hockey Night in Canada on CBC remains the exclusive English-language broadcaster across Canada despite 1972 when a lengthy NABET strike forced coverage to be instead aired on CTV, from 1985 to 1988 when the series was split between CBC and either CTV or Global TV, and since 2015 when it became a Rogers Media-produced broadcast under a sub-license agreement.
French-language broadcasts in Canada also began in 1953, with play-by-play commentator René Lecavalier and colour commentator Jean-Maurice Bailly on CBC's Télévision de Radio-Canada (SRC) division. SRC would continue to be the exclusive French-language broadcaster until 2003 when Réseau des sports (RDS) took over. Since 2015, under a sub-license agreement with Rogers, TVA has been the exclusive home of French-language broadcasts in Canada.
The first broadcast in the United States was in 1962, covered by local Chicago station WGN, while network broadcasts started in 1966 on NBC. However, national coverage on American television, like the rest of the NHL season, remained in a state of flux for decades. From 1966 to 1975, NBC and CBS held the rights at various times, but they each only covered selected games of the series. It was then carried on syndication from 1976 to 1979 through the 1970s NHL Network. In 1980, the Hughes broadcast network simulcast CBC's feed before the series was moved to cable. During its time on cable from 1980 to 1993, rights to the series was held at various times by USA, SportsChannel America and ESPN, but there was no exclusive coverage of games and thus local broadcasters could also still televise them regionally as well. In 1995, Fox signed on to be the exclusive national broadcast network of selected games of the final round, splitting it with ESPN. This splitting of exclusive national coverage on cable/broadcast networks remains, first being passed to ABC and ESPN in 2000, and then NBC and Versus (now NBCSN) in 2006.
American local/national coverage policy for Stanley Cup Finals[edit]
1995–present: National coverage (network and cable) exclusive.
1981–1994: Local coverage permitted for all games. National coverage (cable) not exclusive.
1976–1980: National coverage on syndicated network exclusive.
1968–1975: Local coverage permitted for non-network games. National network telecasts exclusive.
Series format[edit]
See also: Stanley Cup playoffs § History
The championship series began with the interleague 'World Series' played in one city. The series alternated between a rink of the NHA and later the NHL and a rink of the PCHA and later the WCHL/WHL. It was not until the demise of the WHL, that the final series alternated games between the two finalists' home ice.
The series allowed ties until 1928. As the two and later three leagues differed, the series would alternate using each league's rules. The PCHA continued to use seven-man team play, and games would alternate with six and seven-man games.
After the NHL became the last remaining league to compete for the Cup, the trophy was then awarded to the winner of the NHL's championship playoff round. This first took place in 1927 between the Boston Bruins and the Ottawa Senators, which was planned to be a best-of-three series, although the series allowed ties. The series ended after four games, when the Senators defeated the Bruins in the fourth game.
The NHL has changed its playoff format several times since 1927, and thus the final round has not always pitted conference or division playoff champions against each other. In the playoff format used from 1929 to 1938, the two teams with identical division ranking would face each other (i.e. the first place teams played each other, the second place teams play each other, and likewise for the third place teams). The winner of the first place series would automatically advance to the final round. The winner of the second and third place series would then play each other, with the winner of that series earning the other berth to the championship round.
During the Original Six era, the top four teams made the playoffs, with the first and third place teams battling in one semifinal series, while the second and fourth place teams battled in the other. And from 1975 to 1981, all the playoff teams were seeded regardless of division or conference. Since 1982, the NHL's final round has pitted the league's two conference playoff champions.
Years
Format
Notes
1914–1922 best-of-five
1923–1924 best-of-three
1925–1926 best-of-five
1927 best-of-three Ties allowed, series ended in four games.
1928 best-of-five
1929–1930 best-of-three
1931–1938 best-of-five
1939–present best-of-seven 2005 Finals canceled due to lockout
Champions[edit]
Further information: List of Stanley Cup champions
Most recent Finals
Year
Winning team
Coach
Losing team
Coach
Result
Series-winning goal
2017 Pittsburgh Penguins (EC) Mike Sullivan Nashville Predators (WC) Peter Laviolette 4–2 Patric Hornqvist (18:25, third)
2016 Pittsburgh Penguins (EC) Mike Sullivan San Jose Sharks (WC) Peter DeBoer 4–2 Kris Letang (7:46, second)
2015 Chicago Blackhawks (WC) Joel Quenneville Tampa Bay Lightning (EC) Jon Cooper 4–2 Duncan Keith (17:13, second)
2014 Los Angeles Kings (WC) Darryl Sutter New York Rangers (EC) Alain Vigneault 4–1 Alec Martinez (14:43, 2OT)
2013 Chicago Blackhawks (WC) Joel Quenneville Boston Bruins (EC) Claude Julien 4–2 Dave Bolland (19:01, third)
2012 Los Angeles Kings (WC) Darryl Sutter New Jersey Devils (EC) Peter DeBoer 4–2 Jeff Carter (12:45, first)
Most Final appearances (Top Five)
(Bold indicates Cup wins)
Appearances
Team
Wins
Losses
Win %
Years of Appearance
34 [3] Montreal Canadiens (NHA/NHL) 24 9 .727 1916, 1917, 1919 [3], 1924, 1925, 1930, 1931, 1944, 1946, 1947, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1971, 1973, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1986, 1989, 1993
24 Detroit Red Wings 11 13 .458 1934, 1936, 1937, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1945, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1952, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1995, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2008, 2009
21 Toronto Maple Leafs [1] 13 8 .619 1918, 1922, 1932, 1933, 1935, 1936, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1942, 1945, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1967
19 Boston Bruins 6 13 .315 1927, 1929, 1930, 1939, 1941, 1943, 1946, 1953, 1957, 1958, 1970, 1972, 1974, 1977, 1978, 1988, 1990, 2011, 2013
13 Chicago Blackhawks [2] 6 7 .462 1931, 1934, 1938, 1944, 1961, 1962, 1965, 1971, 1973, 1992, 2010, 2013, 2015
Notes
^ 1. The NHL includes the Toronto Hockey Club (Toronto Arenas) 1918 win and the 1922 Toronto St. Patricks win in the Toronto Maple Leafs total.
^ 2. The Chicago Blackhawks were known as the Chicago Black Hawks prior to the 1986–87 season.
^ 3. The Montreal Canadiens totals include the 1919 Final that ended with a no-decision because of the Spanish flu epidemic.
Records[edit]
Team[edit]
Most wins: Montreal Canadiens (24)
Most losses: Detroit Red Wings (13), Boston Bruins (13)
Least losses: Colorado Avalanche (0)
Most consecutive wins: Montreal Canadiens (5 in 1956–1960)
Most consecutive losses: Toronto Maple Leafs (3 in 1938–1940), St. Louis Blues (3 in 1968–1970)
Most consecutive appearances: Montreal Canadiens (10 in 1951–1960)[20]
Most appearances without a loss: Montreal Canadiens (9 from 1968 to 1986)
Most appearances without a win: Toronto Maple Leafs (6 from 1933 to 1940), Detroit Red Wings (6 from 1956 to 1995), Philadelphia Flyers (6 from 1976 to 2010)
Most seasons between wins: New York Rangers (54 between 1940 and 1994)
Most seasons between appearances: Toronto Maple Leafs (50 between 1967 and the present)
Stanley Cup Final consecutive appearances[edit]
Team
Stanley Cup Final appearance streak
Consecutive Stanley Cup Final appearances
Stanley Cup championships during streak
Montreal Canadiens 10 seasons 1950–51 through to 1959–60 6 : 1952–53, 1955–56, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1959–60
Montreal Canadiens 05 seasons 1964–65 through to 1968–69 4 : 1964–65, 1965–66, 1967–68, 1968–69
New York Islanders 05 seasons 1979–80 through to 1983–84 4 : 1979–80, 1980–81, 1981–82, 1982–83
Montreal Canadiens 04 seasons 1975–76 through to 1978–79 4 : 1975–76, 1976–77, 1977–78, 1978–79
Detroit Red Wings 03 seasons 1940–41 through to 1942–43 1 : 1942–43
Toronto Maple Leafs 03 seasons 1946–47 through to 1948–49 3 : 1946–47, 1947–48, 1948–49
Detroit Red Wings 03 seasons 1947–48 through to 1949–50 1 : 1949–50
Detroit Red Wings 03 seasons 1953–54 through to 1955–56 2 : 1953–54, 1954–55
Toronto Maple Leafs 03 seasons 1961–62 through to 1963–64 3 : 1961–62, 1962–63, 1963–64
St. Louis Blues 03 seasons 1967–68 through to 1969–70 none
Philadelphia Flyers 03 seasons 1973–74 through to 1975–76 2 : 1973–74, 1974–75
Edmonton Oilers 03 seasons 1982–83 through to 1984–85 2 : 1983–84, 1984–85
Individual[edit]
Career
Most years in Final (12) - Maurice Richard, Red Kelly, Jean Beliveau, Henri Richard[21]
Most games played in Final (65) - Red Kelly, Henri Richard[21]
Most consecutive games in Final (53) - Bernie Geoffrion[21]
Most career points in Final (62) - Jean Beliveau[21]
Most career goals in Final (34) - Maurice Richard[21]
Most career assists in Final (35) - Wayne Gretzky[21]
Most career game-winning goals in Final (9) - Jean Beliveau[21]
Most career shutouts in Final (8) - Clint Benedict[21]
Series
Most points, one series (13) - Wayne Gretzky (1988)[22]
Most goals, one series (14) - Bernie Morris (1917) [nb 2]
Most assists, one series (10) - Wayne Gretzky (1988)[22]
Most shutouts, one series (3) - Clint Benedict (1926), Frank McCool (1945), Martin Brodeur (2003)[22]
See also[edit]
List of Stanley Cup champions
List of Stanley Cup challenge games
List of NHL franchise post-season droughts
References[edit]
Bibliography
Coleman, Charles (1964–1969). The Trail of the Stanley Cup vols. 1–3. Sherbrooke Daily Record Company Ltd., NHL.
Diamond, Dan; Eric Zweig; James Duplacey (2003). The Ultimate Prize: The Stanley Cup. Andrews McMeel Publishing. ISBN 0-7407-3830-5.
Diamond, Dan, ed. (1992). The Official National Hockey League Stanley Cup Centennial Book. Firefly Books. ISBN 1-895565-15-4.
Diamond, Dan, ed. (2000). Total Stanley Cup. Total Sports Canada. ISBN 1-892129-07-8.
McCarthy, Dave, ed. (2008). The National Hockey League Official Guide & Record Book/2009. Dan Diamond Associates. ISBN 978-1-894801-14-0.
Podnieks, Andrew; Hockey Hall of Fame (2004). Lord Stanley's Cup. Triumph Books. ISBN 1-55168-261-3.
Citations
Jump up ^ Roarke, Shawn P. (March 12, 2017). "Stanley Cup has incredible history". National Hockey League. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kreiser, John (March 8, 2013). "Stanley Cup timeline, from 1892 to today". NHL. Retrieved May 30, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Diamond, Zweig, and Duplacey, p. 25
Jump up ^ Coleman 1966, p. 262.
Jump up ^ "Stanley Cup Contest May Not Be for the Mug, After All is Said". Saskatoon Phoenix. March 18, 1914. p. 8.
Jump up ^ "A Tempest In a Teapot". Montreal Daily Mail. March 19, 1914. p. 9.
^ Jump up to: a b Diamond (1992), p. 46
Jump up ^ "Three Pro Leagues as to Stanley Cup". Toronto World. March 25, 1914. p. 8.
Jump up ^ "Hockey Season At Coast Opens With Exhibition Game Tomorrow". Ottawa Citizen. November 27, 1913. p. 8.
^ Jump up to: a b c Diamond, Zweig, and Duplacey, p. 20
Jump up ^ Diamond (1992), p. 45
Jump up ^ "Stanley Cup Winners: Seattle Metropolitans 1916–17". Hockey Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2006-07-11.
Jump up ^ Podnieks, p. 51
Jump up ^ Diamond, Zweig, and Duplacey, pp. 20–21
^ Jump up to: a b Diamond, Zweig, and Duplacey, p. 21
Jump up ^ "Stanley Cup Winners: Victoria Cougars 1924–25". Hockey Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2006-07-11.
Jump up ^ Diamond, Zweig and Duplacey, p. 40.
^ Jump up to: a b "Court:Non-NHL teams could vie for Cup". TSN. 2006-02-07. Archived from the original on 2007-12-16. Retrieved 2008-04-18.
Jump up ^ "Amateurs taking NHL to court to play for Cup". ESPN. 2005-04-13. Retrieved 2007-10-13.
Jump up ^ "Final Series Record Book, 1918-2011 Page 1 - Stanley Cup Playoffs". Nhl.com. Retrieved 2013-06-02.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Diamond(2000), p. 88
^ Jump up to: a b c Diamond(2000), p. 89
Endnotes
Jump up ^ The NHL officially began referring to the championship series as a singular "Final" circa 2006. However, various North American media still continue to refer to it as plural "Finals", similar to the NBA Finals.
Jump up ^ Note that one of the above (most points, most goals) is incorrect, as 14 goals are also 14 points. The discrepancy seems to be whether the years prior to 1918 are included in NHL Stanley Cup history.
External links[edit]
"List of winners of the Stanley Cup". NHL.com. Retrieved 2016-03-03.
"List of Stanley Cup Playoff Formats: 1917 to date". NHL.com. Retrieved 2013-06-25.
"Stanley Cup-winning goals". NHL.com. Archived from the original on 2009-04-12. Retrieved 2008-04-18.
"STC List of winners of the Stanley Cup". LegendsofHockey.net. Retrieved 2008-04-18.
"Stanley Cup Playoffs – Winners and Finalists Since 1893". The Sports Network. Retrieved 2008-04-18.
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text:
Why Don't We
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Why Don't We
Origin
Los Angeles, California, United States
Genres
Pop
Occupation(s)
Singers
Years active
2016–present
Labels
Atlantic
Website
whydontwemusic.com
Members
Jonah Marais
Corbyn Besson
Daniel Seavey
Jack Avery
Zach Herron
Why Don't We (commonly abbreviated as WDW) is an American pop boyband, that was assembled on September 27, 2016, consisting of Jonah Marais Roth Frantzich from Stillwater, Minnesota, Corbyn Matthew Besson from Fairfax, Virginia, Daniel James Seavey from Portland, Oregon, Jack Robert Avery from Susquehanna, Pennsylvania, and Zachary Dean Herron from Dallas, Texas, each of whom had previously recorded as solo artists.
Contents
[hide]
1 Career
1.1 2016–present
2 Discography
2.1 Extended plays
2.2 Singles
2.2.1 As lead artist
2.3 As a featured artist
2.4 Promotional singles
2.5 Music videos
3 References
Career
2016–present
The band originally formed on September 27, 2016, and announced it the next day via their YouTube account.[1] Since then, the band has released three EPs and five singles.
On October 7, 2016, the group released their debut single "Taking You", a track from their debut EP, Only the Beginning, which was released on November 25 of the same year. Their second EP, Something Different, was released on April 21, 2017. Its title track was released as the lead single the same day. They released their third EP, Why Don't We Just, on June 2, 2017.[citation needed] They finished their "Something Different" tour around the United States. Another single, "These Girls" was released on August 29, 2017.
They have appeared in vlogs from YouTuber and friend, Logan Paul.[citation needed] The band has currently been working with YouTube vlogger and friend, Logan Paul. Logan has currently directed three music videos for Why Don't We, one involving their collaboration "Help Me Help You." The band has made various appearances on Logan Paul's daily vlogs. They have also helped Logan Paul on a diss track about Jake Paul called "The Fall of Jake Paul". On November 23, 2017, they released a holiday EP called A Why Don’t We Christmas.
Discography
Extended plays
List of extended plays, with selected details, chart positions and sales
Title
Extended play details
Peaks
US
[2]
US
Heat
[3]
NZ
Heat
[4]
Only the Beginning
Released: November 25, 2016
Label: Signature
Format: Digital download
— — —
Something Different
Released: April 21, 2017
Label: Signature
Format: Digital download
— 6 —
Why Don't We Just
Released: June 2, 2017
Label: Signature
Format: Digital download
— 1 —
Invitation[5]
Released: September 26, 2017
Label: Signature
Format: Digital download
113 2 7
A Why Don't We Christmas[6]
Released: November 23, 2017
Label: Signature
Format: Digital download
— — —
"—" denotes releases that did not chart or were not released in that territory.
Singles
As lead artist
List of singles as lead artist, with selected chart positions, showing year released and album
Title
Year
Peak chart positions
Album
US
Bub.
[7]
US
Pop
[8]
CAN
[9]
"Taking You"
2016 — — — Only the Beginning
"Nobody Gotta Know"
— — —
"Just to See You Smile"
— — —
"Free"
— — —
"You and Me at Christmas"
— — — Non-album single
"Something Different"
2017 22 33 — Something Different
"Why Don't We Just"
— — — Why Don't We Just
"These Girls"
4 — 82 Non-album single
"Trust Fund Baby"[10]
2018 20 30 — TBA
As a featured artist
Title
Year
Peak chart positions
Album
US
Bub.
[7]
AUS
[11]
"Help Me Help You"
(Logan Paul featuring Why Don't We)
2017 5 90 Non-album single
Promotional singles
Title
Year
Album
"The Fall of Jake Paul"
(Logan Paul featuring
Why Don't We)
2017 Non-album single
Music videos
Song
Year
Other artist(s)
Director
Ref
"Taking You"
2016 None Steven Taylor [12]
"Nobody Gotta Know"
2017 Logan Paul [13]
"Something Different"
[14]
"Help Me Help You"
Logan Paul [15]
"The Fall of Jake Paul"
Sebastian A. Guerra [16]
"These Girls"
None Eli Sokhn & Logan Paul [17]
"Trust Fund Baby"
2018 Jason Koenig [18]
References
Jump up ^ "Why Don't We • Our First Day As A Band". YouTube. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Why Don't We Chart History: Billboard 200". Billboard. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Why Don't We Chart History: Heatseekers". Billboard. Retrieved June 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "NZ Heatseekers Albums Chart". Recorded Music NZ. October 2, 2017. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Invitation – EP by Why Don't We on iTunes". iTunes Store (US). Retrieved September 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ "A Why Don't We Christmas – EP by Why Don't We on iTunes". iTunes Store (US). Retrieved November 24, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Why Don't We – Chart search on Billboard.biz". Billboard. Retrieved February 27, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Why Don't We – Chart History: Pop Songs". Billboard. Retrieved February 27, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Why Don't We – Chart History: Canadian Hot 100". Billboard. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Trust Fund Baby – Single by Why Don't We on Apple Music". iTunes. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ "ARIA Chart Watch #424". auspOp. June 10, 2017. Retrieved June 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Taking You' Official Music Video • Why Don't We". YouTube. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Nobody Gotta Know – Why Don't We [Official Music Video]". YouTube. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Something Different – Why Don't We [Official Music Video]". YouTube. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Logan Paul – Help Me Help You ft. Why Don't We [Official Video]". YouTube. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Fall Of Jake Paul Feat. Why Don't We (Official Video) #TheSecondVerse". YouTube. Retrieved June 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "These Girls – Why Don't We [Official Music Video]". YouTube. Retrieved September 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Trust Fund Baby - Why Don't We [Official Music Video]". YouTube. Atlantic Records. Archived from the original on March 2, 2018. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Why_Don%27t_We&oldid=836206967"
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