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Rapper's Delight
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"Rapper's Delight"
Single by The Sugarhill Gang
from the album Sugarhill Gang
Released
September 16, 1979[1]
Format
12"
Recorded
August 2, 1979
Genre
Old-school hip hop, disco, funk
Length
3:55 (single version)
6:30 (12" short version)
14:35 (album version)
Label
Sugar Hill
Songwriter(s)
The Sugarhill Gang, Sylvia Robinson, Nile Rodgers, Bernard Edwards, Grandmaster Caz
Producer(s)
Sylvia Robinson
The Sugarhill Gang singles chronology
"Rapper's Delight"
(1979) "8th Wonder"
(1980)
"Rapper's Delight"
(1979) "8th Wonder"
(1980)
"Rapper's Delight"
30 second sample of "Rapper's Delight" from Sugarhill Gang
Problems playing this file? See media help.
"Rapper's Delight" is a 1979 hip hop track by the Sugarhill Gang and produced by Sylvia Robinson. While it was not the first single to include rapping, "Rapper's Delight" is credited for introducing hip hop music to a wide audience. It was a prototype for various types of rap music, incorporating themes such as boasting, dance, honesty and sex, with the charisma and enthusiasm of James Brown. The track also used samples from Chic's "Good Times", resulting in band members Nile Rodgers and Bernard Edwards suing Sugar Hill Records for copyright infringement; a settlement was reached that gave the two songwriter credits.
"Rapper's Delight" is number 251 on the Rolling Stone magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time and number 2 on VH1's 100 Greatest Hip-Hop Songs. It is also included in NPR's list of the 100 most important American musical works of the 20th century. It was preserved into the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress in 2011.[2] Songs on the National Recording Registry are "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."[3]
The song was recorded in a single take.[4] There are three versions of the original version of the song: 14:35 (12" long version), 6:30 (12" short version), and 3:55 (7" shortened single version).
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Personnel
3 History
4 In popular culture
5 Charts and certifications
5.1 Weekly charts
5.2 Year-end charts
5.3 Certifications and sales
5.4 Chart succession
6 References
7 External links
Background[edit]
In late 1978, Debbie Harry suggested that Chic's Nile Rodgers join her and Chris Stein at a hip hop event, which at the time was a communal space taken over by teenagers with boombox stereos playing various pieces of music that performers would break dance to. Rodgers experienced this event the first time himself at a high school in the Bronx. On September 20 and 21, 1979, Blondie and Chic were playing concerts with The Clash in New York at The Palladium. When Chic started playing "Good Times", rapper Fab Five Freddy and the members of the Sugarhill Gang ("Big Bank Hank" Jackson, Mike Wright, and "Master Gee" O'Brien), jumped up on stage and started freestyling with the band. A few weeks later Rodgers was on the dance floor of New York club Leviticus and heard the DJ play a song which opened with Bernard Edwards's bass line from Chic's "Good Times". Rodgers approached the DJ who said he was playing a record he had just bought that day in Harlem. The song turned out to be an early version of "Rapper's Delight", which also included a scratched version of the song's string section. Rodgers and Edwards immediately threatened legal action over copyright, which resulted in a settlement and their being credited as co-writers.[5] Rodgers admitted that he was originally upset with the song, but later declared it to be "one of his favorite songs of all time" and his favorite of all the tracks that sampled (or in this instance interpolated) Chic.[6][better source needed] He also stated: "As innovative and important as 'Good Times' was, 'Rapper's Delight' was just as much, if not more so."[7]
A substantial portion of the early stanzas of the song's lyrics was borrowed by Jackson from Grandmaster Caz (Curtis Fisher) who had loaned his 'book' to him—these include a namecheck for "Casanova Fly", which was Caz's full stage name.[8] According to Wonder Mike, he had heard the phrase "hip-hop" from a cousin, leading to the opening line of "Hip-hop, hippie to the hippie, to the hip-hip-hop and you don't stop", whilst he described "To the bang-bang boogie, say up jump the boogie to the rhythm of the boogie, the beat" as "basically a spoken drum roll. I liked the percussive sound of the letter B". The line "Now what you hear is not a test, I'm rappin' to the beat", was inspired by the introduction to The Outer Limits ("There is nothing wrong with your television set. Do not attempt to adjust the picture").[9]
Before the "Good Times" background starts, the intro to the recording is an interpolation of "Here Comes That Sound Again" by British studio group Love De-Luxe, a dance hit in 1979.[9]
According to Oliver Wang, author of the 2003 Classic Material: The Hip-Hop Album Guide, recording artist ("Pillow Talk") and studio owner Sylvia Robinson had trouble finding anyone willing to record a rap song. Most of the rappers who performed in clubs did not want to record, as many practitioners believed the style was for live performances only. It is said that Robinson's son heard Big Bank Hank in a pizza place.[citation needed] According to Master Gee, Hank auditioned for Robinson in front of the pizza parlour where he worked, whilst Gee himself auditioned in Robinson's car.[9] A live band was used to record most of the backing track, including members of the group "Positive Force": Albert Pittman, Bernard Roland, Moncy Smith, and Bryan Horton.[10][11][9]
Chip Shearin claimed in a 2010 interview that he was the bass player on the track. When aged 17, he was visiting a friend in New Jersey. The friend knew Robinson, who needed some musicians for various recordings, including "Rapper's Delight". Shearin's job on the song was to play the bass for 15 minutes straight, with no mistakes. He was paid $70 but later went on to perform with Sugarhill Gang in concert. Shearin described the session this way:
The drummer and I were sweating bullets because that's a long time. And this was in the days before samplers and drum machines, when real humans had to play things. ... Sylvia said, 'I've got these kids who are going to talk real fast over it; that's the best way I can describe it.'[12]
Wang said:
There's this idea that hip-hop has to have street credibility, yet the first big hip-hop song was an inauthentic fabrication. It's not like the guys involved were the 'real' hip-hop icons of the era, like Grandmaster Flash or Lovebug Starski. So it's a pretty impressive fabrication, lightning in a bottle.[12]
Personnel[edit]
Michael "Wonder Mike" Wright - Vocals
Henry "Big Bank Hank" Jackson - Vocals
Guy "Master Gee" O'Brien - Vocals
Unknown - turntables
Bernard Roland[13] or Chip Shearin[14][15][16] - electric bass
Albert Pittman[13] or Brian Morgan[16] - electric guitar
Moncy Smith - piano
Bryan Horton - drums
Sylvia Robinson - additional vocals, vibraphone, and production
Billy Jones - engineer
Phil Austin - mastering, original US vinyl release
History[edit]
"Rapper's Delight" peaked at number 36 in January 1980 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart,[17] number 4 on the U.S. Hot Soul Singles chart in December 1979,[18] number 1 on the Canadian Singles Chart in January 1980,[19] number 1 on the Dutch Top 40, and number 3 on the UK Singles Chart. The single sold over 2 million copies in the United States, grossing US$3.5 million for Sugar Hill Records.[20] In 1980, the song was the anchor of the group's first album The Sugarhill Gang.[21]
It was the first Top 40 song to be available only as a 12-inch extended version in the U.S. Early pressings (very few) were released with a red label, with black print, on Sugar Hill Records, along with a 7" 45rpm single (which is very rare). Later pressings had the more common blue label, in orange colored "roulette style" sleeves, while even later pressings were issued in the more common blue sleeves with the Sugarhill Records logo. In Europe, however, it was released on the classic 7-inch single format on French pop label Vogue, with a shorter version of the song. It was this 7" single that reached number one in the Dutch chart. The song ranked number 251 on Rolling Stone magazine's 2004 list of "500 Greatest Songs of All Time".[12]
A British version of the song, with rewritten lyrics, was recorded for the song's 25th anniversary in 2004 by an ensemble of performers including Rodney P, Chester P, Kano, Simone, Yungun, Sway, J2K, Swiss, Baby Blue, Skibadee, Luke Skys, and MC D.[22]
In 2014 the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.[23]
In popular culture[edit]
In the 1998 movie The Wedding Singer, Ellen Albertini Dow (as the character Rosie) performed some of the song. Her performance was also included on the film's soundtrack.
The chorus of The Ketchup Song by Las Ketchup incorporates the lyrics "I said a hip hop, the hippie, the hippie" in a nonsensical distortion ("Aserejé ja de je de jebe").[24]
During a dream sequence in the 2003 film Kangaroo Jack, the titular kangaroo sings a bit of the song.
In "My Old Friend's New Friend", a 2004 episode of the TV sitcom Scrubs, the Sugarhill Gang appears in two of J.D.'s fantasies singing the song.
The song appeared on the soundtrack of the 1999 PS1 game, Thrasher Presents: Skate and Destroy, as well as the 2004 game Tony Hawk's Underground 2.
A February 2014 episode of Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon showed a mashup video of Brian Williams singing the song during the show's first week. The video also included Lester Holt.[25][26]
The song is mentioned in the 2015 song "Art Deco" by Lana Del Rey.
The song was performed by the Swedish Chef during "Pig Out", a 2015 episode of The Muppets.
Redfoo of LMFAO released his solo debut album, Party Rock Mansion, on March 18, 2016. The third track on the album, titled "Too Much", resembles "Rapper's Delight".
The song is sung by the main characters in the 2016 movie Everybody Wants Some!!.
The song was used in Apple's 2016 WWDC conference, when Bozoma Saint John demonstrated the features of the revamped Apple Music application.
Austrian rapper and musician Falco used lyrics from "Rapper's Delight" in his songs "The Sound of Musik" and "Body Next to Body," the latter a duet with actress Brigitte Nielsen.
In the Fox comedy The Simpsons, the song was parodied on a safety video using the lyrics to tell children to use a crosswalk to cross the street.
The song was used in a Honda advertisement nicknamed "The Cog", where it was played after the completion of a Rube Goldberg effect.
In an episode of Martin, Cole (Carl Payne) briefly performs the song to audition for rapper Biggie Smalls, who made a guest appearance on the show.
In the final episode of "The Get Down", the song is played during the credits.[27]
Mexican singer Aleks Syntek's single "Tu necesitas", has similar rapped parts, sung in Spanish.
Rock band INXS song "I Need You Tonight" has a similar guitar riff and the beginning of the song that clearly resembles that of rapper's delight melody.
R&B trio TLC used the sample of the original song while Left Eye raps the line on the track "Switch" from their 1994 studio album CrazySexyCool, produced by Jermaine Dupri.
Charts and certifications[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1979–1980)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[28] 37
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[29] 5
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[30] 2
Canada (RPM)[31] 1
France (IFOP) [32] 2
Germany (Official German Charts)[33] 3
Ireland (Irish Singles Chart) [34] 14
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[35] 1
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[36] 18
Norway (VG-lista)[37] 2
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[38] 2
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[39] 2
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[40] 3
US Billboard Hot 100[41] 36
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1980)
Peak
position
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[42] 27
France (IFOP)[43] 33
Certifications and sales[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Canada (Music Canada)[44]
Platinum 10,000^
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[45]
Gold 10,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[46]
Silver 250,000^
United States (RIAA)[47]
2x Platinum 2,000,000[20]
France
623,000[48]
^shipments figures based on certification alone
Chart succession[edit]
Preceded by
"Escape (The Piña Colada Song)" by Rupert Holmes Canadian Singles Chart
January 26 – February 2, 1980 Succeeded by
"Coward of the County" by Kenny Rogers
Preceded by
"I Have a Dream" by ABBA Dutch number-one single
February 2–16, 1980 Succeeded by
"Crying" by Don McLean
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Lynch, Joe (October 13, 2014). "35 Years Ago, Sugarhill Gang's 'Rapper's Delight' Made Its First Chart Appearance". Billboard. Archived from the original on February 24, 2015. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Complete National Recording Registry Listing". Library of Congress. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "New Entries to National Recording Registry". Library of Congress. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "'Rapper's Delight'". National Public Radio. December 29, 2000. Retrieved 2010-12-20. The story goes that Big Bank Hank, Wonder Mike, and Master Gee met Sylvia Robinson on a Friday and recorded "Rapper's Delight" the following Monday in just one take.
Jump up ^ "The Story of Rapper's Delight by Nile Rodgers". RapProject.tv. Retrieved 2008-10-12.
Jump up ^ "Twenty First Century Music: Nile Rodgers interviewed by Peter Paphides at Waterstone's, Piccadilly, London". Twentyfirstcenturymusic.blogspot.com. 2011-11-10. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. Retrieved 2014-08-12.
Jump up ^ "Writing cred for 'Rapper's Delight' sparks grudge". New York Post. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Simpson, Dave (2 May 2017). "Sugarhill Gang: how we made Rapper's Delight". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Positive Force - Biography & History - AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Albert Pittman". www.facebook.com. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Menconi, David (March 14, 2010). "The riff that lifted rap". News & Observer. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
^ Jump up to: a b "music-bnb". wixsite.com. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ "The riff that lifted rap - Music - NewsObserver.com". archive.org. July 14, 2011. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Chip Shearin artist page". TC Electronic. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Sugarhill Gang". EEG Talent. Retrieved July 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Billboard Hot 100 Chart History". Song-database.com. Retrieved February 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ Billboard - Google Boeken. Books.google.com. December 8, 1979. Retrieved 2014-02-10.
Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved 2014-02-10.
^ Jump up to: a b George, Nelson (1988). The Death of Rhythm & Blues. New York, NY: Pantheon Books. p. 191. ISBN 0142004081. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "35 Years Ago, Sugarhill Gang's 'Rapper's Delight' Made Its First Chart Appearance".
Jump up ^ "Music: Rappers Delight 25th Anniversary Special | BBC Radio 1Xtra by Bernard P Achampong | Free Listening on SoundCloud". Soundcloud.com. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
Jump up ^ "GRAMMY Hall Of Fame Class Of 2014". grammy.com. 21 June 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "TODO LO QUE SUBE DEBE BAJAR, LO IMPORTANTE ES QUE AHORA ESTAMOS ARRIBA". Terra Networks (in Spanish). 2004. Archived from the original on February 27, 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
Jump up ^ Read, Max (February 20, 2014). "Brian Williams Does a Perfect "Cover" of "Rapper's Delight" on Tonight". Gawker. Archived from the original on October 12, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Brian Williams Raps Rapper's Delight" Archived October 17, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.. Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon NBC. 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Get Down Part 2 Soundtrack (Complete Song Listing) - What's On Netflix". whats-on-netflix.com. April 7, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – The Sugarhill Gang – Rapper's Delight". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – The Sugarhill Gang – Rapper's Delight" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Sugarhill Gang – Rappers Delight" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50.
Jump up ^ "Top Singles - Volume 32, No. 18, January 26, 1980". RPM. Retrieved February 17, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on October 26, 2013. Retrieved 2013-06-13.
Jump up ^ "Musicline.de – The Sugarhill Gang Single-Chartverfolgung" (in German). Media Control Charts. PhonoNet GmbH. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ Jaclyn Ward - Fireball Media Ltd (1962-10-01). "The Irish Charts - All there is to know". Irishcharts.ie. Retrieved 2014-12-05.
Jump up ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – The Sugarhill Gang" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – The Sugarhill Gang – Rapper's Delight". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – The Sugarhill Gang – Rapper's Delight". VG-lista. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Swedishcharts.com – The Sugarhill Gang – Rapper's Delight". Singles Top 100. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – The Sugarhill Gang – Rapper's Delight". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Sugarhill Gang: Artist Chart History". Official Charts Company. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "The Sugarhill Gang Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Canadian 1980 Top 100 Singles". Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "TOP - 1980". Top.france.free.fr. Retrieved 2016-10-15.
Jump up ^ "Canadian single certifications – Sugar Hill Gang – Rapper's Delight". Music Canada.
Jump up ^ Sólo Éxitos 1959-2002 Año A Año: Certificados 1979-1990 (in Spanish). Iberautor Promociones Culturales. ISBN 8480486392.
Jump up ^ "British single certifications – Sugarhill Gang – Rapper's Delight". British Phonographic Industry. Enter Rapper's Delight in the search field and then press Enter.
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – Sugarhill Gang – Rapper's Delight". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on November 13, 2008. Retrieved 2007-12-26.
External links[edit]
Rapper's Delight on National Public Radio
Official Music Video
Silver jubilee for first rap hit — BBC article about the single on its 25th anniversary
The Story of Rapper's Delight by Nile Rodgers
The 100 most important American musical works of the 20th century - NPR
[show]
v
t
e
The Sugarhill Gang
Wonder Mike
Master Gee
Big Bank Hank
Studio albums
Sugarhill Gang (1980)
8th Wonder (1982)
Rappin' Down Town (1983)
Livin' in the Fast Lane (1984)
Jump on It! (1999)
Singles
"Rapper's Delight"
"8th Wonder"
"Apache"
[show]
v
t
e
Chic
Bernard Edwards
Nile Rodgers
Tony Thompson
Nathaniel S. Hardy, Jr.
Omar Hakim
Robert Sabino
Sylver Logan Sharp
Luther Vandross
Norma Jean Wright
Diva Gray
[Robin Clark]]
Studio albums
Chic (1977)
C'est Chic (1978)
Risqué (1979)
Real People (1980)
Take It Off (1981)
Soup For One (1982)
Tongue in Chic (1982)
Believer (1983)
Chic-ism (1992)
Live albums
Live at the Budokan (1999)
A Night in Amsterdam (2006)
Produced by Chic
Norma Jean Wright: Norma Jean (1978)
Sister Sledge: We Are Family (1979)
Sheila and B. Devotion: King of the World (1980)
Sister Sledge: Love Somebody Today (1980)
Diana Ross: diana (1980)
Debbie Harry: KooKoo (1981)
Johnny Mathis: I Love My Lady (1981, unreleased)
Main compilations
Les Plus Grands Succès De Chic: Chic's Greatest Hits (1979)
Freak Out: The Greatest Hits of Chic and Sister Sledge (1988)
Megachic: Best of Chic (1990)
Dance, Dance, Dance: The Best of Chic (1991)
The Best of Chic, Volume 2 (1992)
Everybody Dance (1995)
Dance, Dance, Dance & Other Hits (1997)
The Very Best of Chic & Sister Sledge (1999)
The Very Best of Chic (2000)
Good Times: The Very Best of the Hits & the Remixes (Chic & Sister Sledge) (2005)
The Definitive Groove Collection (2006)
Up All Night (2013)
Notable singles
"Dance, Dance, Dance (Yowsah, Yowsah, Yowsah)"
"Everybody Dance"
"Le Freak"
"I Want Your Love"
"Good Times"
"My Forbidden Lover"
"My Feet Keep Dancing"
"Rebels Are We"
"Real People"
"Stage Fright"
"Soup for One"
"Hangin'"
"Chic Mystique"
"I'll Be There"
Related articles
Discography
The Sugarhill Gang
"Rapper's Delight"
"Lady (Hear Me Tonight)"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rapper%27s_Delight&oldid=835782184"
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List of stock exchange trading hours
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This list of times needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The following is a list of opening and closing times for stock and futures exchanges worldwide. It includes a partial list of stock exchanges and the corresponding times the exchange opens and closes, along with the time zone within which the exchange is located
World exchanges[notes 1]
Time zone[notes 2]
Local time
UTC[notes 3]
Name
ID
Country
City
Zone
Δ
DST
Open
Close
Lunch
Open
Close
Lunch
New Zealand Stock Market NZSX New Zealand Wellington NZST +12 Sep–Apr 10:00 16:45 No 22:00 05:00 No
Australian Securities Exchange ASX Australia Sydney AEST +10 Oct–Apr 10:00 16:00 No 00:00 06:00 No
Tokyo Stock Exchange TSE Japan Tokyo JST +9 09:00 15:00[1] 11:30–12:30 00:00 06:00 02:30–03:30
Korea Stock Exchange KRX South Korea Busan & Seoul KST +9 09:00 15:30 No 00:00 06:00 No
Bursa Malaysia MYX Malaysia Kuala Lumpur MYT +8 09:00 17:00 12:30–14:30 01:00 09:00 04:30–06:30
Singapore Exchange SGX Singapore Singapore SGT +8 09:00 17:00 12:00–13:00[2] 01:00 09:00 Yes
Taiwan Stock Exchange TWSE Taiwan (Republic of China) Taipei CST +8 09:00 13:30 No 01:00 05:30 No
Hong Kong Futures Exchange HKFE Hong Kong Hong Kong HKT +8 09:15 16:00 12:00–13:00 01:15 08:00 04:00–05:00
Hong Kong Stock Exchange HKEX Hong Kong Hong Kong HKT +8 09:30[3] 16:00 12:00–13:00 01:30 08:00 04:00–05:00
Shanghai Stock Exchange SSE China Shanghai CST +8 09:30 15:00[notes 4] 11:30–13:00 01:30 07:00 03:30–05:00
Shenzhen Stock Exchange SZSE China Shenzhen CST +8 09:30 15:00[notes 4] 11:30–13:00 01:30 07:00 03:30–05:00
Philippine Stock Exchange PSE Philippines Manila PHT +8 09:30 15:30 12:00–13:30 01:30 07:30 04:00–05:30
Indonesia Stock Exchange IDX Indonesia Jakarta WIB +7 09:00 16:00 Yes 02:00 09:00 Yes
Hochiminh Stock Exchange HOSE Vietnam Hochiminh ICT +7 09:00 14:45 11:30–13:00 02:00 07:45 04:30–06:00
Hanoi Stock Exchange HNX Vietnam Hanoi ICT +7 09:00 14:45 11:30–13:00 02:00 07:45 04:30–06:00
Stock Exchange of Thailand SET Thailand Bangkok ICT +7 10:00 16:30 12:30–14:30 03:00 09:30 05:30–07:30
Chittagong Stock Exchange CSE Bangladesh Chittagong BST +6 10:30 14:30 No 04:30 08:30 No
Dhaka Stock Exchange DSE Bangladesh Dhaka BST +6 10:30 14:30 No 04:30 08:30 No
Bombay Stock Exchange[4] BSE India Mumbai IST +5.5 09:15 15:30 No 03:45 10:00 No
National Stock Exchange of India[5] NSE India Mumbai IST +5.5 09:15 15:30 No 03:45 10:00 No
Colombo Stock Exchange CSE Sri Lanka Colombo SLST +5.5 09:30 14:30 No 04:00 09:00 No
Pakistan Stock Exchange PSX Pakistan Karachi PKT +5 09:30 15:30 No 04:30 10:30 No
Tehran Stock Exchange TSE Iran Tehran IRST +3.5 09:00 12:30 No 05:30 09:00 No
Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange DSE Tanzania Dar es Salaam EAT +3 08:00 17:00 No 05:00 14:00 No
Moscow Exchange MOEX Russia Moscow MSK +3 10:00 18:45 No 07:00 15:45 No
Saudi Stock Exchange TADAWUL Saudi Arabia Riyadh AST +3 10:00 15:00 No 07:00 12:00 No
Nairobi Securities Exchange NSE Kenya Nairobi UTC +3 09:30 15:00 No 06:30 12:00 No
Helsinki Stock Exchange OMX Finland Helsinki EET +2 Mar–Oct 10:00 18:30 No 08:00 16:30 No
Ukrainian Exchange UX Ukraine Kiev EET +2 Mar–Oct 10:00 17:30 No 08:00 15:30 No
Riga Stock Exchange OMXR Latvia Riga EET +2 Mar–Oct 10:00 16:00 No 08:00 14:00 No
Tallinn Stock Exchange OMXT Estonia Tallinn EET +2 Mar–Oct 10:00 16:00 No 08:00 14:00 No
NASDAQ OMX Vilnius OMXV Lithuania Vilnius EET +2 Mar–Oct 10:00 16:00 No 08:00 14:00 No
Amman Stock Exchange ASE Jordan Amman EET +2 Mar–Oct 10:00 12:00 No 08:00 10:00 No
Tel Aviv Stock Exchange TASE Israel Tel Aviv IST +2 Mar–Oct 09:00 17:30 No 07:00 15:30 No
Beirut Stock Exchange BSE Lebanon Beirut EET +2 Mar–Oct 09:30 12:30 No 07:30 10:30 No
Johannesburg Stock Exchange JSE South Africa Johannesburg SAST +2 09:00 17:00 No 07:00 15:00 No
Borsa Istanbul ISE Turkey Istanbul TRT +3 09:30 17:30 12:30–14:00 07:30 15:30 10:30–12:00
Frankfurt Stock Exchange (Xetra) FSX Germany Frankfurt CET +1 Mar–Oct 08:00 20:00[notes 5] No 07:00 19:00 No
Eurex Exchange EUREX Germany Eschborn CET +1 Mar–Oct 08:00 22:00 No 07:00 21:00 No
Warsaw Stock Exchange GPW Poland Warsaw CET +1 Mar–Oct 09:00 17:00[6] No 08:00 16:00 No
Wiener Börse AG VSE Austria Vienna CET +1 Mar–Oct 08:55 17:35 No 07:55 16:35 No
Budapest Stock Exchange BSE Hungary Budapest CET +1 Mar–Oct 09:00 17:00[7] No 08:00 16:00 No
Euronext Paris EPA France Paris CET +1 Mar–Oct 09:00 17:30 No 08:00 16:30 No
Swiss Exchange SIX Switzerland Zurich CET +1 Mar–Oct 09:00 17:30 No 08:00 16:30 No
Berne eXchange BX Switzerland Berne CET +1 Mar–Oct 09:00 16:30 No 08:00 15:30 No
Spanish Stock Exchange BME Spain Madrid CET +1 Mar–Oct 09:00 17:30 No 08:00 16:30 No
Milan Stock Exchange MTA Italy Milan CET +1 Mar–Oct 09:00 17:35 No 08:00 16:35 No
Euronext Amsterdam AMS Netherlands Amsterdam CET +1 Mar–Oct 09:00 17:40 No 08:00 16:40 No
Luxembourg Stock Exchange LuxSE Luxembourg Luxembourg City CET +1 Mar–Oct 09:00 17:35 No 08:00 16:35 No
Stockholm Stock Exchange OMX Sweden Stockholm CET +1 Mar–Oct 09:00 17:30 No 08:00 16:30 No
Oslo Stock Exchange OSE Norway Oslo CET +1 Mar–Oct 09:00 16:30 No 08:00 15:30 No
Copenhagen Stock Exchange CSE Denmark Copenhagen CET +1 Mar–Oct 09:00 17:00 No 08:00 16:00 No
Malta Stock Exchange MSE Malta Valletta CET +1 Mar–Oct 09:30 12:30[8] No 08:30 11:30 No
Nigerian Stock Exchange NSE Nigeria Lagos WAT +1 10:00 16:00 No 09:00 15:00 No
London Stock Exchange LSE United Kingdom London GMT +0 Mar–Oct 08:00 16:30 No 08:00 16:30 No
Euronext Lisbon PSI Portugal Lisbon GMT 08:00 16:30 No 08:00 16:30 No
Irish Stock Exchange ISE Ireland Dublin GMT +0 Mar–Oct 08:00 16:30 No 08:00 16:30 No
Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo Bovespa Brazil São Paulo BRT −3 Oct–Feb 10:00 17:30 No 13:00 20:00 No
Buenos Aires Stock Exchange BCBA Argentina Buenos Aires ART −3 11:00 17:00 No 14:00 20:00 No
New York Stock Exchange NYSE United States New York EST −5 Mar–Nov 09:30 16:00[9] No 14:30 21:00 No
NASDAQ NASDAQ United States New York EST −5 Mar–Nov 09:30 16:00[10] No 14:30 21:00 No
Toronto Stock Exchange TSX Canada Toronto EST −5 Mar–Nov 09:30 16:00 No 14:30 21:00 No
Mexican Stock Exchange BMV Mexico Mexico City CST −6 Apr–Oct 08:30 15:00 No 14:30 21:00 No
Jamaica Stock Exchange JSE Jamaica Kingston EST −5 09:00 13:00[11] No 14:00 17:00 No
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Sorted by 1) UTC Open, 2) Time zone, and 3) market cap, starting with the first exchange to open Monday morning.
Jump up ^ Time zones subdivided into 3 columns: 1) Zone=time zone acronym, 2) Δ=standard time differential from UTC in hours + hyperlink to current local time, and 3) DST=approximate time frame (start-end) that daylight saving time is in effect.
Jump up ^ UTC times (which are the same as GMT) will fluctuate for each exchange based on changes resulting from daylight saving time.
^ Jump up to: a b Chinese stock market opening and closing hours are subjective to market performance. End of 2014 trading hours dropped to ~ 5 mins on some days.
Jump up ^ FSX Trading Hours: Automatic Xetra trading runs from 09:00 to 17:30(CET) with closing auction from 17:30-17:35, floor brokers' trading times are from 8:00 to 20:00(CET).
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "What are the trading hours for TSE-listed products?". FAQ - General. Tokyo Stock Exchange. Retrieved February 5, 2015. Trading hours for most TSE-listed securities is 9:00-15:00 with a break from 11:30-12:30. Certain bond securities trade only in the afternoon session, and some other securities have different schedules for acceptance and execution of orders.
Jump up ^ From 13 November 2017, there will be a mid-day trading break from 1200h to 1300h, during which orders will not be matched. Therefore, continuous trading will be divided into two sessions: a morning session from 0900h to 1200h and an afternoon session from 1300h to 1700h. http://www.sgx.com/wps/portal/sgxweb/home/trading/securities/trading_hours_calendar
Jump up ^ "Trading Hours". HKEX. HKEX. Retrieved October 19, 2015. Trading is conducted on Monday to Friday (excluding public holidays) at the following times.
Jump up ^ https://www.bseindia.com/markets/equity/session_timings.aspx
Jump up ^ https://www.nseindia.com/global/content/market_timings_holidays/market_timings_holidays.htm
Jump up ^ "Trading Hours". Trading is conducted on Monday to Friday (excluding public holidays) at the following times.
Jump up ^ "Trading hours of the BETa Market".
Jump up ^ "Borza Ta Malta".
Jump up ^ "NYSE: HOLIDAYS AND TRADING HOURS".
Jump up ^ "NASDAQ Trading Schedule".
Jump up ^ "JSE: HOLIDAYS AND TRADING HOURS".
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Lock picking
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A traditional set of pin/tumbler lock lock picks. The two tools on the left are torsion (tension) wrenches. The picks from left to right are: hook pick, half diamond (steep angles), snake rake, half diamond (shallow angles), S-rake pick, double round pick and long double ended pick.
A deadbolt lock that has been picked, showing that the plug has been turned without the key.
Lock picking is the art of unlocking a lock by manipulating the components of the lock device without the original key.
Although lock picking can be associated with criminal intent, it is an essential skill for the legitimate profession of locksmithing, and is also pursued by law-abiding citizens as a useful skill to learn, or simply as a hobby (locksport).
In some countries, such as Japan, lock picking tools are illegal for most people to possess, but in many others they are available and legal to own as long as there is no intent to use them for criminal purposes.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Tools
2.1 Skeleton keys
2.2 Lever tumbler lock picking
2.2.1 Curtain pick
2.3 Pin tumbler lock picking
2.3.1 Torsion wrench
2.3.2 Half-diamond pick
2.3.3 Hook pick
2.3.4 Ball pick
2.3.5 Rake picks
2.3.6 Decoder pick
2.3.7 Bump keys
2.4 Wafer tumbler lock picking
2.4.1 Jigglers or try-out keys
2.4.2 Pick guns
2.4.3 Tubular lock pick
3 Anti-picking methods
4 Legal status
4.1 Australia
4.2 Canada
4.3 Germany
4.4 Hungary
4.5 Japan
4.6 Netherlands
4.7 New Zealand
4.8 Poland
4.9 United Kingdom
4.10 United States
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
Locks by definition secure or fasten something with the intention that access be possible only with the matching key. Despite this, it is likely that criminal lock picking started with the first locks. Famed locksmith Alfred Charles Hobbs said in the mid 1800s:
Rogues are very keen in their profession, and know already much more than we can teach them respecting their several kinds of roguery. Rogues knew a good deal about lock-picking long before locksmiths discussed it among themselves...[1]
Professional and recreational lock picking also has a long history. King Louis XVI of France (1754–1793) was a keen designer, picker and manipulator of locks,[2] and physicist Richard Feynman picked locks for fun in the 1940s while employed on the Manhattan Project. The tradition of student roof and tunnel hacking at MIT included lockpicking,[3] and their guide to this was made widely available in 1991.[4]
Beginning in 1997[5][6] more organised recreational lockpicking has now grown and developed a competitive aspect in "locksport", along with its own governing body, Locksport International.[7][8]
Tools[edit]
A common set of skeleton keys used to open most types of warded padlocks
Skeleton keys[edit]
The warded pick, also known as a skeleton key, is used for opening warded locks. It is generally made to conform to a generalized key shape relatively simpler than the actual key used to open the lock; this simpler shape allows for internal manipulations.
The keys for warded locks only require the back end manipulating which is the end which actually opens the lock. The other parts are there to distinguish between different variation of their locks. I.e if you have a chest of drawers with a warded lock you can make a skeleton key for that type of warded lock by filing away all but the last one or two teeth or bittings on both sides of the blade. Additionally, a series of grooves on either side of the key's blade limit the type of lock the key can slide into. As the key slides into the lock through the keyway, the wards align with the grooves in the key's profile to allow or deny entry into the lock cylinder.
A traditional pickset. From left to right: torsion wrench, "twist-flex" torsion wrench, offset diamond pick, ball pick, half-diamond pick, short hook, medium hook, saw (or "L") rake, snake (or "C") rake.
Lever tumbler lock picking[edit]
Curtain pick[edit]
Lever tumbler locks can be opened by a type of lockpick called curtain pick.
Pin tumbler lock picking[edit]
Torsion wrench[edit]
The torsion wrench is always needed when picking a pin/tumbler or wafer lock, even with the use of a pick gun. It is used to apply torque to the plug of a lock in order to hold any picked pins in place. Once all pins are picked, the torsion wrench is then used to turn the plug and open the lock. It is typically shaped like a letter "L", although the vertical part of the letter is elongated in comparison to the horizontal part. Other torsion tools, especially those for use with cars, resemble a pair of tweezers and allow the user to apply torque to both the top and the bottom of the lock. These are commonly used with double-sided wafer locks.
Half-diamond pick[edit]
This versatile pick is included in nearly all kits and is mainly used for picking individual pins, but can also be used for raking and for wafer and disk locks. The triangular-shaped half-diamond is usually 2.5 to 12.2 millimeters (0.098 to 0.480 inches) long. The angles that form the base of the half-diamond can be either steep or shallow, depending on the need for picking without affecting neighboring pins, or raking as appropriate. A normal set comprises around three half-diamond picks and a full-diamond pick.
Hook pick[edit]
The hook pick is similar to the half-diamond pick, but has a hook-shaped tip rather than a half-diamond shape. The hook pick is sometimes referred to as a "feeler" or "finger" and is not used for raking. This is the most basic lockpicking tool and is all that a professional will usually need if the lock is to be picked in the traditional sense rather than opened by raking or using a pick gun. A variety of differently sized and shaped hooks are available in a normal set.
Ball pick[edit]
The ball pick is similar to the half-diamond pick, except the end of the pick has a half or full circle shape. This pick is commonly used to open wafer locks.
Rake picks[edit]
Two types of rake pick, the double and triple peak, sometimes known as bogota rakes
These picks, such as the common snake rake, are designed to rake pins by rapidly sliding the pick past all the pins, repeatedly, in order to bounce the pins until they reach the shear line. This method requires much less skill than picking pins individually, and generally works well on cheaper locks. Advanced rakes are available which are shaped to mimic various different pin height key positions and are considerably easier to use than traditional rakes. Such rakes are typically machined from a template of common key configurations, since not all permutations of pin heights for adjacent pins are possible given the process by which keys are manufactured.
Decoder pick[edit]
The decoder pick is a key which has been adapted such that the height of its notches can be changed, either by screwing them into the blade base or by adjusting them from the handle while the key is in the lock. This will allow not only access to the lock but also a template for cutting a replacement key.
Bump keys[edit]
A typical bump key
The simplest way to open the majority of pin locks is to insert a key (or variety of keys) which have been cut so that each peak of the key is equal and has been cut down to the lowest groove of the key. This key is then struck sharply with a hammer whilst applying torque. The force of the blow is carried down the length of the key and (operating as does a Newton's cradle) will move only the driver pins leaving the key pins in place. If done correctly this briefly creates a gap around the shear line allowing the plug to rotate freely.[9] Some modern high security locks include bumping protection, such as Master Lock's "BumpStop"[10] and Ilco's "Bump Halt"[11] technology.
Wafer tumbler lock picking[edit]
Jigglers or try-out keys[edit]
Majority of wafer tumbler locks can be opened with a set of jigglers or try-out keys.
Pick guns[edit]
Main article: Snap gun
A snap gun
The manual pick gun (or snap gun) was invented by Ely Epstein.[12] It usually has a trigger that creates a movement which (like bump keys) transfers sudden energy to the key pins which communicate this to the driver pins causing those pins only to jump, allowing the cylinder to turn freely for a brief moment, until the pin springs return the pins to their locking position. Electric versions are now also common, where by simply pressing a button the pins are vibrated while the normal torsion wrench is being used.
Tubular lock pick[edit]
A tubular lock pick is a specialized lockpicking tool used for opening a tubular pin tumbler lock. Tubular lock picks are all very similar in design and come in sizes to fit all major tubular locks, including 6, 7, 8, and 10-pin locks. The tool is simply inserted into the lock and turned clockwise with medium torque. As the tool is pushed into the lock, each of the pins is slowly forced down until they stop, thus binding the driver pins behind the shear line of the lock. When the final pick is pushed down, the shear plane is clear and the lock opens. This can usually be accomplished in a matter of seconds.
Most tubular lock picks come with a "decoder" which lets the locksmith know at what depths the pins broke the shear plane. By using the decoding key after the lock has been picked, the locksmith can cut a tubular key to the correct pin depths and thus avoid having to replace the lock.
Anti-picking methods[edit]
The history of lock development, particularly modern locks is largely one of an arms race between lock pickers and lock inventors.
Today's anti-picking methods in standard pin tumbler locks include the use of side wards which obstruct the key way, and "security pins". These are shaped like a spool, mushroom, or barrel - with the effect that they feel as though they have set when in fact they have not.[13]
Legal status[edit]
Australia[edit]
In Australia possession of lock picking equipment is legal as long as a reasonable explanation can be demonstrated for such.[14][15]
Canada[edit]
In Canada, possession of lock picking tools, with the exception of key duplication tools, is legal. Lock pick tools fit in the same category as crowbars or hammers, meaning they are legal to possess and use unless they are used to commit a crime or if it is shown there was intention to commit a crime. Section 351 of the Canadian Criminal Code criminalizes the "possession any instrument suitable for the purpose of breaking into any place, motor vehicle, vault or safe under circumstances that give rise to a reasonable inference that the instrument has been used or is or was intended to be used for such a purpose", and carries a maximum penalty of 10 years in prison.[16]
Some provinces require a license to carry lock picks.[17] Unlike most laws in Canada, the onus is on the defendant to prove that they have a legal purpose to use the lock picks. The Government is not required to prove that the defendant has an unlawful or malicious intent.[16]
Germany[edit]
There is no law or regulation on lock picking, so it is legal. Lock picking tools can be freely bought and sold. There are several clubs where lock picking is practised as a sport.[18]
Hungary[edit]
Unusually for a European Union country, ownership of lock picks in Hungary is completely prohibited, even for professional locksmiths. Lock picks are classified as military equipment, and may only be legally obtained or used by Hungary's armed forces.
Japan[edit]
Japan's law prohibits possession of any lock picking tools and carries a penalty of one year imprisonment or a 500,000 yen fine.
Netherlands[edit]
In the Netherlands, owning lock picks is legal, but using them on someone else's locks without permission is not. There is a lock picking championship, the Dutch Open (organized by TOOOL), which started in 2002 and features competitors from around the world. The competition is held during LockCon, an annual conference about locks.[19][20]
New Zealand[edit]
In New Zealand lock picking tools are not illegal, but possession with the intent to use them for burglary carries a potential penalty of three years in prison.[21]
Poland[edit]
In Poland according to Article 129/1 of the Criminal Code: both (1) possessing, producing or obtaining a lock pick by a person whose profession and occupation does not require it; and (2) delivering a lock pick to a person whose profession and occupation does not require it is punishable with arrest, freedom limitation or fine - and (3) a lock pick is forfeited even if it was not the property of the principal.
United Kingdom[edit]
In England and Wales, a person who carries anything at all with the intent to commit burglary or theft can potentially be prosecuted.[22] The penalty for this can be up to 3 years imprisonment. In the case of items specifically made or altered to be usable in burglary or theft, such as lock-picks, mere possession presumes intent – there is no need to prove it.[citation needed]
United States[edit]
In the United States, laws concerning possession of lock picks vary from state to state. Generally, possession and use of lock picks is considered equivalent to the possession of a crowbar or any other tool that may or may not be used in a burglary. Illegal possession of lock picks is generally prosecuted as a felony under the category of possession of burglary tools or similar statutes. In many states, simple possession is completely legal as their statutes require proof of intent.
In California, locksmiths must be licensed by the state.[23] However, possession by laymen may be legal in most states. This is the case because illegal possession must be coupled with felonious or malicious intent.[24] This is also the case in Arizona,[25] Utah,[26] Maine, Massachusetts,[27] New Hampshire,[28] Washington D.C., Washington State,[29] and New York.[30][31]
See also[edit]
Hot-wiring
Physical security
Safe-cracking
Security
Snap gun
Locksport
Lock bumping
References[edit]
Jump up ^ A. C. Hobbs (Charles Tomlinson, ed.), Locks and Safes: The Construction of Locks. Published by Virtue & Co., London, 1853 (revised 1868).
Jump up ^ Andress, David. "The Terror", Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York, 2005, p. 12-13
Jump up ^ "From rei@MIT.EDU Fri Jul 14 14:23:49 1995". Mit.edu. Retrieved 19 September 2017. Executive Summary: The MIT Hacking community is saddened by the series of recent events which have made the "MIT Guide To Lockpicking" available electronically in a indiscriminate fashion.
Jump up ^ "MIT Guide to Lock Picking" (PDF). People.csail.mit.edu. September 1, 1991. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "SSDeV - The world's first sport lockpicking group - founded 1997 in Germany". Lockpicking.org. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Lockpicking - Toool". Toool.nl. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
Jump up ^ News, A. B. C. (7 January 2006). "Lock Picking for Sport Cracks the Mainstream". ABC News. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
Jump up ^ ""Hobbyists embrace the joys of picking locks"" (PDF). Blogs.kansascity.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 February 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Understanding Bump Keys (Video)". L. Scott Harrell. 19 Apr 2009. Retrieved Oct 1, 2015.
Jump up ^ Lock®, Master. "Security Enhancements - Master Lock". Masterlock.com. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "ILCO Key Systems". Kaba-ilco.com. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Founders - The Legacy". Lockmuseumofamerica.org. Retrieved 2016-03-08.
Jump up ^ "Security pin - Lockwiki". Lockwiki.com. Retrieved 2016-03-08.
Jump up ^ "SUMMARY OFFENCES BILL 2004 Explanatory Notes". Austlii.edu.au. Retrieved 2016-04-13.
Jump up ^ "Review of Maximum Penalties for Preparatory Offences Report" (PDF). Sentencingcouncil.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Criminal Code". Laws-lois.justice.gc.ca. Retrieved 2016-04-13.
Jump up ^ [1] Archived 2012-03-28 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ David Schafbuch (2014-03-22). ""Lockpicking" als Hobby - Sesam, öffne dich" (in German).
Jump up ^ "Lockpicking - Toool". Toool.nl. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Lock pickers hebben slot in paar seconden open", the Leeuwarder Courant, 2002-12-02
"Vito Tieke", Even Vragen Aan, the Algemeen Dagblad, 2002-12-02
"Duitser kampioen sloten openen", the Sp!ts, probably 2002-12-02
"Duitser wordt in Sneek kampioen sloten openen", the Friesch Dagblad, probably 2002-12-02
"Duitser eerste kampioen sloten openen in Sneek", the Dagblad van het Noorden, probably 2002-12-02
"Sloten openen als nieuwe sport", Dagblad de Limburger, probably 2002-12-02
Note: the dates of some articles were not available, but considering the fact that newspapers generally report promptly, it can be assumed the given dates are correct.
It was also documented on television, in the programs Hart van Nederland and on Omproep Friesland.
Jump up ^ "New Zealand Crimes Act (1961), Section 223, subsection 1 - Being disguised or in possession of instrument for burglary". Legislation.govt.nz. Retrieved 2008-03-26.
Jump up ^ "Legislation index". Legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 2013-06-28.
Jump up ^ "Locksmith Companies and Employees". California Department of Consumer Affairs.
Jump up ^ "California Penal Codes, Sections 466–469". California Legislative Information.
Jump up ^ "Arizona Revised Statutes Title 13 - Chapter 13 - Section 13-1505". Arizona State Legislature. Retrieved July 10, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Utah Criminal Code: Title 76 - Chapter 06 - Section 205". Le.utah.gov. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "POSSESSION OF BURGLARIOUS TOOLS" (PDF). Massachusetts Court System. Massachusetts Court System. 2009. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Section 635:1 Burglary". Gencourt.state.nh.us. Retrieved 2016-03-08.
Jump up ^ "RCW 9A.52.060: Making or having burglar tools". App.leg.wa.gov. Retrieved 2016-03-08.
Jump up ^ "Locksmith License". 1.nyc.gov. Retrieved 2016-03-08.
Jump up ^ "POSSESSION OF BURGLAR'S TOOLS" (PDF). Nycourts.gov/. New York State Unified Court System. September 1, 1967. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
External links[edit]
Schlüsseldienstvergleich German lock picking website
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Tiffany Coyne
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Tiffany Lynn Adams Coyne
Born
Tiffany Lynn Adams
(1982-05-06) May 6, 1982 (age 35)
Layton, Utah, United States
Nationality
American
Citizenship
United States
Occupation
Game show model
Spouse(s)
Chris Coyne
Children
Scarlett Rose Coyne (b. 1 August 2013)
Modeling information
Hair color
Blonde
Tiffany Adams Coyne (born May 6, 1982) is an American model and dancer. She is the model on Let's Make a Deal, having replaced Alison Fiori in 2009.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life and career
1.1 Personal life
2 References
3 External links
Early life and career[edit]
Tiffany Lynn Adams was born in Layton, Utah on May 6, 1982. She has two sisters, five step-sisters and two step-brothers.[1] When she was three years old she started dancing, focusing on jazz, hip hop, and ballet dancing. As a youth, her family moved a lot because her mother "liked to build houses." The family lived near Hill Air Force Base for a while. She went to middle school and one year of high school in West Haven, Utah. She completed her high school education at Northridge High School in Layton after the family moved back to the town. She was on the dance squad at nearby Fremont High School.[2] After graduating from high school in 2000 she was a performer for two seasons with the America First Jazz Dancers for the Utah Jazz.[2] During that time, she also taught dance classes locally.[2]
After working for the Jazz, she performed internationally on a cruise ship, including in Denmark, Sweden, Russia, and Norway.[2] She relocated to Las Vegas, Nevada and performed in Jubilee!, Fashionistas, and Sirens of TI.[2] She also appeared in informercials.[3] Let's Make a Deal relaunched in 2009 in Las Vegas. Coyne auditioned multiple times and was hired. She kept working at in the Sirens of TI as a back up plan in case Let's Make a Deal ended. She taped two episodes a day of Let's Make a Deal and then worked at Sirens of TI at night. Deal moved to Los Angeles and Coyne would drive back and forth five days a week to work on both shows. She relocated to Los Angeles to start season two of Deal. Her role as a model at Deal has been described as "to make prizes look better by her mere presence." To improve her improv skills while working with Wayne Brady and Jonathan Mangum, she took improv classes.[2]
She was on maternity leave for much of the first half of the 2013-14 season, and returned to taping September 2014.
Upon relocating to Los Angeles, Coyne played herself in The Bold and the Beautiful, was a stand in model for The Price Is Right, and modeled for United Airlines and Chase Bank.[2]
Personal life[edit]
Her father is of German descent, and her mother is of Hungarian descent. She is married to Chris Coyne, whom she met while working on a cruise ship. They live in Los Angeles, California. Their first child, Scarlett Rose, was born in August, 2013.[4]Their son, Carter Liam Coyne was born in February 2018.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Lowell, Lindsley. "Let's Make a Deal Model on Motherhood". GalTime. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Wright, Becky. "Tiffany Coyne the real deal". Hers. Utah: Standard-Examiner. Archived from the original on 2012-01-14. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
Jump up ^ "Tiffany Coyne". Let's Make a Deal. CBS. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
Jump up ^ Leon, Anya; Monica Rizzo. "Tiffany Coyne Welcomes Daughter Scarlett Rose". Moms & Babies. People. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
External links[edit]
Tiffany Coyne on Instagram
Tiffany Coyne on IMDb
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value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

value: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

value: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Tiffany_Coyne rootpage-Tiffany_Coyne skin-vector action-view