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Legal person
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v
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A legal person (in legal contexts often simply person, less ambiguously legal entity)[1][2] is any human or non-human entity, in other words, any human being, firm, or government agency that is recognized as having legal rights and obligations, such as having the ability to enter into contracts, to sue, and to be sued.[3][4][5]
The term "legal person" is however ambiguous because it is also used in contradistinction to "natural person", i.e. as a synonym of terms used to refer only to non-human legal entities.[6][7]
So there are of two kinds of legal entities, human and non-human: natural persons (also called physical persons) and juridical persons (also called juridic, juristic, artificial, legal, or fictitious persons, Latin: persona ficta), which are other entities (such as corporations) that are treated in law as if they were persons.[4][8][9]
While human beings acquire legal personhood when they are born, juridical persons do so when they are incorporated in accordance with law.
Legal personhood is a prerequisite to legal capacity, the ability of any legal person to amend (enter into, transfer, etc.) rights and obligations.
In international law, consequently, legal personality is a prerequisite for an international organization to be able to sign international treaties in its own name.
Contents
[hide]
1 Juridical persons
1.1 Examples
2 History
3 Sample cases using the doctrine
4 Extension of basic rights to legal persons
4.1 Brazil
4.2 Germany
4.3 Italy
4.4 People's Republic of China
4.5 United States
5 Adoption
6 Popular culture
7 See also
8 Notes
9 References
9.1 Books
9.2 Articles
Juridical persons[edit]
Main article: Juridical person
Artificial personality, juridical personality, or juristic personality is the characteristic of a non-living entity regarded by law to have the status of personhood.
A juridical or artificial person (Latin: persona ficta; also juristic person) has a legal name and has certain rights, protections, privileges, responsibilities, and liabilities in law, similar to those of a natural person. The concept of a juridical person is a fundamental legal fiction. It is pertinent to the philosophy of law, as it is essential to laws affecting a corporation (corporations law).
Juridical personhood allows one or more natural persons (universitas personarum) to act as a single entity (body corporate) for legal purposes. In many jurisdictions, artificial personality allows that entity to be considered under law separately from its individual members (for example in a company limited by shares, its shareholders). They may sue and be sued, enter contracts, incur debt, and own property. Entities with legal personality may also be subjected to certain legal obligations, such as the payment of taxes. An entity with legal personality may shield its members from personal liability.
In some common law jurisdictions a distinction is drawn between corporation aggregate (such as a company, which has a number of members) and a corporation sole (which is where a person's public office is deemed to have a separate personality from them as an individual). Both have separate legal personality. Historically most corporations sole were ecclesiastical in nature (for example, the Archbishop of Canterbury is a corporation sole), but a number of other public offices are now formed as corporations sole.
The concept of juridical personality is not absolute. "Piercing the corporate veil" refers to looking at the individual natural persons acting as agents involved in a company action or decision; this may result in a legal decision in which the rights or duties of a corporation or public limited company are treated as the rights or liabilities of that corporation's members or directors.
The concept of a juridical person is now central to Western law in both common-law and civil-law countries, but it is also found in virtually every legal system.[10]
Examples[edit]
Some examples of juridical persons include:
Cooperatives (co-ops), business organization owned and democratically operated by a group of individuals for their mutual benefit
Corporations are bodies corporate created by statute or charter. A corporation sole is a corporation constituted by a single member, in a particular capacity, and that person's successors in the same capacity, in order to give them some legal benefit or advantage, particularly that of perpetuity, which a natural person could not have had. Examples are a religious officiant in that capacity, or The Crown in the Commonwealth realms. A corporation aggregate is a corporation constituted by more than one member.
Municipal corporations (municipalities) are "creatures of statute". Other organizations may be created by statute as legal persons, including European economic interest groupings (EEIGs).
Unincorporated associations, that is aggregates of two or more persons, are treated as juridical persons in some jurisdictions but not others.
Partnerships, an aggregate of two or more persons to carry on a business in common for profit and created by agreement. Traditionally, partnerships did not have continuing legal personality, but many jurisdictions now treat them as having an independent legal personality.
Companies, a form of business association that carries on an industrial enterprise, are often corporations, although companies may take other forms, such as trade unions, unlimited companies, trusts, and funds. Limited liability companies—be they a private company limited by guarantee, private company limited by shares, or public limited company—are entities having certain characteristics of both a corporation and a partnership. Different types have a complex variety of advantages and disadvantages.[11]
Sovereign states are legal persons.
In the international legal system, various organizations possess legal personality. These include intergovernmental organizations (the United Nations, the Council of Europe) and some other international organizations (including the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, a religious order).
The European Union (EU) has legal personality since the Lisbon Treaty entered into force on 1 December 2009. That the EU has legal personality is a prerequisite for the EU to join the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). However, in 2014, the EU decided not to be bound by the rulings of the European Court of Human Rights.[12]
Temples, in some legal systems, have separate legal personality.[13]
The Whanganui River was granted legal personality in March 2017 under New Zealand law because the Whanganui Māori tribe regard the river as their ancestor.[14]
Also, in March 2017, the High Court of Uttarakhand declared the Ganges River a legal "person" in a move that according to one newspaper, "could help in efforts to clean the pollution-choked rivers". As of 6 April 2017, the ruling has been commented on in Indian newspapers to be hard to enforce, with assertions that experts[who?] do not anticipate immediate benefits, that the ruling is "hardly game changing", that experts[who?] believe "any follow-up action is unlikely", and that the "judgment is deficient to the extent it acted without hearing others (in states outside Uttarakhand) who have stakes in the matter".[citation needed]
Not all organizations have legal personality. For example, the board of directors of a corporation, legislature, or governmental agency typically are not legal persons in that they have no ability to exercise legal rights independent of the corporation or political body which they are a part of.
History[edit]
The concept of legal personhood for organizations of people is at least as old as Ancient Rome: a variety of collegial institutions enjoyed the benefit under Roman law.
The doctrine has been attributed to Pope Innocent IV, who seems at least to have helped spread the idea of persona ficta as it is called in Latin. In canon law, the doctrine of persona ficta allowed monasteries to have a legal existence that was apart from the monks, simplifying the difficulty in balancing the need for such groups to have infrastructure though the monks took vows of personal poverty. Another effect of this was that as a fictional person, a monastery could not be held guilty of delict due to not having a soul, helping to protect the organization from non-contractual obligations to surrounding communities. This effectively moved such liability to individuals acting within the organization while protecting the structure itself, since individuals were considered to have a soul and therefore capable of being guilty of negligence and excommunicated.[15]
In the common law tradition, only a person could sue or be sued. This was not a problem in the era before the Industrial Revolution, when the typical business venture was either a sole proprietorship or partnership—the owners were simply liable for the debts of the business. A feature of the corporation, however, is that the owners/shareholders enjoyed limited liability—the owners were not liable for the debts of the company. Thus, when a corporation breached a contract or broke a law, there was no remedy, because limited liability protected the owners and the corporation wasn't a legal person subject to the law. There was no accountability for corporate wrongdoing.
To resolve the issue, the legal personality of a corporation was established to include five legal rights—the right to a common treasury or chest (including the right to own property), the right to a corporate seal (i.e., the right to make and sign contracts), the right to sue and be sued (to enforce contracts), the right to hire agents (employees) and the right to make by-laws (self-governance).[16]
Since the 19th century, legal personhood has been further construed to make it a citizen, resident, or domiciliary of a state (usually for purposes of personal jurisdiction). In Louisville, C. & C.R. Co. v. Letson, 2 How. 497, 558, 11 L.Ed. 353 (1844), the U.S. Supreme Court held that for the purposes of the case at hand, a corporation is "capable of being treated as a citizen of [the State which created it], as much as a natural person." Ten years later, they reaffirmed the result of Letson, though on the somewhat different theory that "those who use the corporate name, and exercise the faculties conferred by it," should be presumed conclusively to be citizens of the corporation's State of incorporation. Marshall v. Baltimore & Ohio R. Co., 16 How. 314, 329, 14 L.Ed. 953 (1854). These concepts have been codified by statute, as U.S. jurisdictional statutes specifically address the domicile of corporations.
Sample cases using the doctrine[edit]
In U.S. v. The Cooper Corp., (1941) the court held that the United States government, as a juristic person, could sue under the Sherman Act. Section 7 of the act granted the right to sue only to persons. The corporate defendant, which was accused of illegally conspiring and colluding to raise prices on tires, argued that the U.S. government didn't have power to enforce the act because the government wasn't a person. The court held that the term "person" includes the U.S. Government, and allowed the action against the collusive corporations to continue.
In Cook County v. U.S. ex rel Chandler, (2003) the County was accused of violating a law which forbids "any person" from falsely obtaining research funds from the government. The county received a $5 million grant, but used it to conduct inappropriate tests on human subjects. The county argued that it could not be held liable because it was not a person. The court held that the county could be sued under the law as a legal person.
In Rowland v. California Men's Colony, Unit II Men's Advisory Council, (1993) the court declined to extend certain rights to legal persons. The association of prisoners sought to proceed in forma pauperis. The court held that the right to sue in forma pauperis existed only for natural persons, not legal persons.
Extension of basic rights to legal persons[edit]
Brazil[edit]
The term legal person ("pessoa jurídica" in Portuguese) is used in legal science for designating an entity with rights and liabilities which also has legal personality. Its regulations are largely based on Brazil's Civil Code, among other normative documents.
Germany[edit]
Article 19(3) of the German Constitution sets forth: "Fundamental rights shall also apply to domestic artificial persons insofar as the nature of such rights shall permit."[17]
Italy[edit]
In Italy trade unions have legal personality, as stated in Article 39, Paragraph 4 of the Constitution:
Registered trade unions are legal persons. They may, through a unified representation that is proportional to their membership, enter into collective labour agreements that have a mandatory effect for all persons belonging to the categories referred to in the agreement.
—  The Italian Constitution[18]
People's Republic of China[edit]
For a typical example of the concept of legal person in a civil law jurisdiction, under the General Principles of Civil Law of the People's Republic of China, Chapter III, Article 36., "A legal person shall be an organization that has capacity for civil rights and capacity for civil conduct and independently enjoys civil rights and assumes civil obligations in accordance with the law."[19] Note however that the term civil right means something altogether different in civil law jurisdictions than in common law jurisdictions.
United States[edit]
In part based on the principle that legal persons are simply organizations of natural persons, and in part based on the history of statutory interpretation of the word "person", the US Supreme Court has repeatedly held that certain constitutional rights protect legal persons (such as corporations and other organizations). Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad is sometimes cited for this finding because the court reporter's comments included a statement the Chief Justice made before oral arguments began, telling the attorneys during pre-trial that "the court does not wish to hear argument on the question whether the provision in the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which forbids a State to deny any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws, applies to these corporations. We are all of the opinion that it does."
Later opinions interpreted these pre-argument comments as part of the legal decision.[20] As a result, because of the First Amendment, Congress may not make a law restricting the free speech of a corporation or a political action group or dictating the coverage of a local newspaper,[21] and because of the Due Process Clause, a state government may not take the property of a corporation without using due process of law and providing just compensation. These protections apply to all legal entities, not just corporations.
A prominent component of relevant case law is the Supreme Court decision Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, which ruled unconstitutional certain restrictions on corporate campaign spending during elections.[22]
Adoption[edit]
One example of a legal person occurs in adoption. Once an order or judgment of adoption (or similar decree from a court) is entered, one or both biological (or natural) parents becomes a legal stranger to the child, legally no longer related to the child and with no rights related to him or her. Conversely, the adoptive parents are legally considered to be the parents of the adopted child; a new birth certificate reflecting this is issued. The new birth certificate is a legal person.
Popular culture[edit]
In the novel Joan and Peter (1918) by H. G. Wells, Peter's parents die in a sailing accident. As it is not known which parent dies first, a legal person is applied maintaining that the husband, being a man and therefore stronger, lived longer. This decision results in the father's will determining Peter's legal guardian. However, later in the novel a witness to the accident declares seeing the mother floundering some time after the father has disappeared, and so the legal person is overturned and the mother's will is followed, providing Peter with a new legal guardian. Wells was in fact in error as to the English law, which instead presumes that the older person died first.
In Act II, Scene 1 of Gilbert and Sullivan's The Gondoliers, Giuseppe Palmieri (who serves, jointly with his brother Marco, as King of Barataria) requests that he and his brother be also recognized individually so that they might each receive individual portions of food as they have "two independent appetites". He is, however, turned down by the Court (made up of fellow Gondolieri) because the joint rule "... is a legal person, and legal person are solemn things."
In the novel Lud-in-the-Mist (1926) by Hope Mirrlees, the concept of the legal person as a secular substitute for spiritual mysteries and magical illusions is a central theme. Legal persons in the novel include referring to fairy fruit, mention of which is taboo, as woven silk fabric in order to allow the law to regulate it; and declaring members of the country's Senate "dead in the eyes of the law" in order to remove them from office, since the senators serve for life.
See also[edit]
Corporate personhood
European Convention on the Recognition of the Legal Personality of International Non-Governmental Organizations
Institution
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 118
Natural person
Netscape Communications Corp. v. Konrad for what it means for two entities to be separate
Paul v. Virginia ("... in which the United States Supreme Court held that a corporation is not a citizen...")
Separate legal entity
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ [2]
Jump up ^ Lewis A. Kornhauser and W. Bentley MacLeod (June 2010). "Contracts between Legal Persons". National Bureau of Economic Research. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Elizabeth A. Martin (2003). Oxford Dictionary of Law (7th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198607563.
Jump up ^ Smith, Bryant (January 1928). "Legal Personality". Yale Law Journal. 37 (3): 283–299. JSTOR 789740.
Jump up ^ [3]
Jump up ^ [4]
Jump up ^ [...] men in law and philosophy are natural persons. This might be taken to imply there are persons of another sort. And that is a fact. They are artificial persons or corporations [...] Deiser, George F. (December 1908). "The Juristic Person. I". University of Pennsylvania Law Review and American Law Register. 48 New Series (3): 131–142. JSTOR 3313312.
Jump up ^ Besides men or "natural persons," law knows persons of another kind. In particular it knows the corporation, and for a multitude of purposes it treats the corporation very much as it treats the man. Like the man, the corporation is (forgive this compound adjective) a right-and-duty-bearing unit. Frederic William (1911). "Moral Personality and Legal Personality 1". In H.A.L. Fisher. The Collected Papers of Frederic William Maitland. Cambridge University Press.
Jump up ^ The Juristic Person. I, George F. Deiser, University of Pennsylvania Law Review and American Law Register, Vol. 57, No. 3, Volume 48 New Series. (Dec., 1908), pp. 131-142.
Jump up ^ Frisch D. (2011). Commercial Law's Complexity Archived February 3, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.. George Mason Law Review.
Jump up ^ Opinion 2/13 [2014], nyr [5]
Jump up ^ Williams v The Shipping Corporation of India (US District Court, Eastern District Virginia), 10 March 1980, 63 ILR 363
Jump up ^ Roy, Eleanor Ainge (16 March 2017). "New Zealand river granted same legal rights as human being". The Guardian. London, United Kingdom. Retrieved 2017-03-16.
Jump up ^ John Dewey, “The Historic Background of Corporate Legal Personality,” Yale Law Journal, Vol. XXXV, April 1926, pages 655-673
Jump up ^ Kanti., Saha, Tushar. Textbook on legal methods, legal systems and research. ISBN 9788175348936. OCLC 892043129.
Jump up ^ "Basic Law. Art. 19 Abs. 3 GG". Retrieved 15 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Italian Constitution" (PDF). The official website of the Presidency of the Italian Republic. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-11-27.
Jump up ^ Gary J. Dernelle. "DIRECT FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA." DePaul Business Law Journal, Spring/Summer 1994. (6 DePaul Bus. L.J. 331)
Jump up ^ See, for example, Noble v. Union River Logging
Jump up ^ First Nat. Bank of Boston v. Bellotti
Jump up ^ http://origin.www.supremecourt.gov/docket/08-205.htm[dead link]
References[edit]
Books[edit]
Binder, J (1907). Das Problem der juristischen Persönlichkeit.
Saleilles, R (1922). De La Personalité Juridique: Histoire et Théories.
Hallis, F (1930). Corporate Personality: A Study in Jurisprudence.
Duff, P.W (1938). Personality in Roman Private Law.
Cooke, C.A (1950). Corporation, Trust and Company: A Legal History.
Watson, A (1967). The Law of Persons in the Later Roman Republic.
Guterman, S (1990). The Principle of the Personality of Law in the Germanic Kingdoms of Western Europe from the Fifth to the Eleventh Century.
Articles[edit]
Dewey, J (1926). "The Historic Background of Corporate Legal Personality". Yale Law Journal. 35.
Machen, A.W (1910). "Corporate Personality". Harvard Law Review. 24.
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text:
The Island with Bear Grylls
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the US version, see The Island (U.S. TV series).
The Island with Bear Grylls
Starring
Bear Grylls
Narrated by
Bear Grylls
Country of origin
United Kingdom
Original language(s)
English
No. of series
4
No. of episodes
21 (as of 23 April 2017)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Bear Grylls
Ben Mitchell
Delbert Shoopman
Tim Whitwell
Location(s)
Isla Gibraleón, Isla San Telmo and Isla Bayoneta, Pearl Islands, Panama
Running time
60 minutes (inc. adverts)
Production company(s)
Shine Television
Bear Grylls Ventures
Release
Original network
Channel 4
Original release
5 May 2014 (2014-05-05) – present
Chronology
Related shows
Celebrity Island with Bear Grylls
Surving The Island with Bear Grylls
External links
Official website
www.channel4.com/programmes/the-island-with-bear-grylls
The Island with Bear Grylls is a British reality television programme which premiered on Channel 4 on 5 May 2014. Four series have aired since 2014. Narrated by Bear Grylls, it features participants placed on remote uninhabited Pacific islands as a test of their survival skills. They are left completely alone, filming themselves, and with only the clothes they were wearing and some basic tools and training.[1] Pitched as an assessment of the capabilities of British men in the 21st Century, the first series featured thirteen male participants. Following accusations of sexism, the second series used two islands, with 14 men on one, and 14 women on the other. The third series continued the gender divide theme and featured eight men and eight women abandoned on opposite sides of a single island.
The fourth series, which aired from April 2017, focused primarily on age rather than gender, featuring initially separate tribes of older people (30 to 66 years) vs younger people (18 to 30 years). On 14 May 2017, it was announced that The Island with Bear Grylls had been renewed for a fifth series to air in 2018.[2]
A celebrity spin off version, Celebrity Island with Bear Grylls, was first broadcast as part of a charity campaign for Stand Up to Cancer UK in September 2016.[3][4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Premise
2 Production
2.1 History
2.2 Location
2.3 Resources and training
3 Controversy
3.1 Allegations of fakery
3.2 Use of wildlife
3.3 Sexism claim
4 Reception
4.1 Reviews
4.2 Awards and nominations
4.3 Ratings
5 Series overview
6 Episodes
6.1 Series 1 (2014)
6.2 Series 2 (2015)
6.3 Series 3 (2016)
6.4 Series 4 (2017)
6.5 Series 5 (2018)
7 Celebrity Island with Bear Grylls
8 International adaptations
9 References
10 External links
Premise[edit]
In promoting the first series, the show was pitched as a challenge for modern men to see if they can survive when marooned on a Pacific island armed only with minimal tools and their own initiative.[5] According to Bear Grylls, masculinity is in crisis, and he is interested to see if men can survive stripped of the luxuries of 21st century living, and the show is therefore also a social experiment to see if man can recapture his primeval instincts.[6]
In the second series, following complaints about the absence of women in the first series, two groups, 14 men and 14 women, were left on two separate islands.[7][8] In the third series, two groups of eight men and eight women were left at opposite ends of the same island, with neither group knowing of the other's presence.[9]
For the first series, the participants had to survive for one month. For the second series, this was extended to six weeks.
Production[edit]
History[edit]
On 23 May 2014, it was announced that The Island had been recommissioned for a second series to air in 2015.[10] In the second series, the men and women were featured on separate episodes on consecutive nights each week.
Location[edit]
The first series was filmed on an uninhabited Pacific island, Isla Gibraleón, which is one of the Pearl Islands off the coast of Panama.[11] The island has an 8-kilometre (5.0-mile) coastline, five beaches, a mangrove swamp, and is covered with jungle. The mangrove swamp is located on the east coast of the island where the men were dropped off, and the main sandy beach is on the west coast where the men set camp.
The second series used two islands in the same archipelago, the women reusing the island from the first series, Isla Gibraleón, while the men were allocated Isla San Telmo. This series was filmed in the rainy season which presented additional challenges. Isla San Telmo was used in the third series.[12] In the fourth series, a larger island, Isla Bayoneta, and a smaller neighbouring island close enough to reach at low tide were used for two sets of participants of different age groups.
Resources and training[edit]
According to Channel 4, an island that has the natural resources necessary for the men to survive a month was chosen. Additional yuca plants were planted in order to supplement the existing supply, extra animals indigenous to the islands such as caiman were also added, and a fresh water source was topped up before filming. The participants were given training about animals native to the island that are on the protected species list, and each received one day's survival training, including advice on how to catch and humanely kill caiman. The men were given machetes and knives, head torches, an initial one-day water supply, and an emergency medical kit. In addition, the participants had GPS spot trackers, and access to radio and satellite phone in case of an emergency.[13] The second series participants were given two days survival training.
Controversy[edit]
Allegations of fakery[edit]
The press made claims about fakery in the show, that the water was supplied in the island by adding a rubber-lined pool and two caiman crocodiles were released on the island, and that some of the trained crew had experience of surviving in extreme environments in the wild.[14][15] Grylls however rejected the claims, and said that it was necessary to make sure that there would be just enough resources to sustain the participants, and that caiman crocodiles were added to the island so that if the men were to kill them, the natural eco system would not be damaged.[16]
Use of wildlife[edit]
The killing of the caiman sparked a number of complaints to Ofcom.[17] A spokesman for PETA said that it showed "a deep ignorance of who animals are and a callous disregard for life", and that the ones who caught and tied up the animal "should be prosecuted". Ofcom however judged that the show did not break the rules.[18]
In the second series, there were further criticisms after it was revealed that a crocodile killed by the men was not a caiman but a protected species American crocodile.[19] Channel 4 apologised for the error and said: "The relevant national environment agency are aware of the incident and have granted a licence to replace the animal which has now been done."[20] The second series elicited more than 600 complaints from viewers (450 to Channel 4, 185 to Ofcom), most of the complainants accused the show of "killing animals to boost ratings".[21]
Sexism claim[edit]
The first series was criticised as "sexist" by female survival experts for excluding women from the challenge. Lisa Fenton suggested that it was "sexism and it's deeply rooted", and Ruth England expressed disappointment with Channel 4's decision as it "perpetuates the myth that women need to be taken care of", while Sarah Outen criticised the "male-oriented bias with adventure TV programmes".[22] In response, Bear Grylls denied that the show was sexist, and said that the series was intended as a study of masculinity of modern man and their struggles.[23] He then indicated an interest in doing an all-women version and that he "can't wait to do modern women's struggles."[24]
Reception[edit]
Reviews[edit]
Grace Dent of The Independent thought the show is interesting television as it is "an attempt to form a show around utterly normal, non-fame hungry, not particularly pretty, non-celeb males", but found the first episode to be "an hour of rather plotless bumbling and twig friction."[25] Euan Ferguson of The Observer expressed concern about the "producer selection" of mollycoddled males who might fail to cope with the wilds of the island, but thought that the participants might "make a fist of surviving, and confound a few lazy stereotypes", and that he was "semi-hooked".[26] Christopher Stevens of the Daily Mail thought that the series showed that "survival is a tough business when you've only got your wits and a sharpened stick to depend on."[27]
In the second series, Charlotte Runcie of The Daily Telegraph thought that watching people learning to "cooperate in extreme situations is always strangely compelling",[28] although Rupert Hawksley of the same paper felt that the second series, despite the presence of women, was "every bit as sexist" as the first series.[29] The participants' struggle with survival prompted joking references to Lord of the Flies.[30][31]
Awards and nominations[edit]
The first series was nominated in the Reality & Constructed Factual category in the 2015 British Academy Television Awards and won.[32]
Year
Award
Category
Recipient
Results
Ref.
2015 RTS Programme Awards Popular, Factual and Features The Island with Bear Grylls Won [33]
BAFTA TV Awards Reality & Constructed Factual Won [32]
Ratings[edit]
The first series had an average figure of 3.1 million viewers per episode.[34] The average viewing figure for the second series was 2.9 million.[35]
Series overview[edit]
Series
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
Series 1 6 5 May 2014 2 June 2014
Series 2 13 8 April 2015 21 May 2015
Series 3 7 28 May 2016 3 May 2016
Series 4 6 23 April 2017 May 2017
Series 5[2] TBA 2018 2018
Episodes[edit]
Episode viewing figures below from BARB but do not include Channel 4 +1.[36]
Series 1 (2014)[edit]
The first series was first broadcast on Monday nights.
Total
No.
Title
Original air date
UK viewers
(Millions)
1
1 Episode 1 5 May 2014 (2014-05-05) 2.74
2
2 Episode 2 12 May 2014 (2014-05-12) 2.69
3
3 Episode 3 19 May 2014 (2014-05-19) 2.90
4
4 Episode 4 26 May 2014 (2014-05-26) 2.36
5
5 Episode 5 2 June 2014 (2014-06-02) 2.48
6
6 Surviving the Island 2 June 2014 (2014-06-02) 1.66
Series 2 (2015)[edit]
For the second series, two episodes were broadcast each week – a Wednesday episode focused on the men's island, while the Thursday episode was for the women. Due to the United Kingdom general election on 7 May 2015, only the women's episode was shown that week, and the men's episode was pushed back a week. A final special episode, Surviving the Island, followed on 21 May.
Total
No.
Title
Original air date
UK viewers
(Millions)
7
1 Episode 1 8 April 2015 (2015-04-08) 2.28
8
2 Episode 2 9 April 2015 (2015-04-09) 2.28
9
3 Episode 3 15 April 2015 (2015-04-15) 3.02
10
4 Episode 4 16 April 2015 (2015-04-16) 3.18
11
5 Episode 5 22 April 2015 (2015-04-22) 2.86
12
6 Episode 6 23 April 2015 (2015-04-23) 3.11
13
7 Episode 7 29 April 2015 (2015-04-29) 2.90
14
8 Episode 8 30 April 2015 (2015-04-30) 2.68
15
9 Episode 9 6 May 2015 (2015-05-06) 2.95
16
10 Episode 10 13 May 2015 (2015-05-13) 3.08
17
11 Episode 11 14 May 2015 (2015-05-14) 3.01
18
12 Episode 12 20 May 2015 (2015-05-20) 2.80
19
13 Surviving the Island 21 May 2015 (2015-05-21) 1.99
Series 3 (2016)[edit]
The third series was broadcast on Monday nights, a return to the scheduling of the first series.
Total
No.
Title
Original air date
UK viewers
(Millions)
20
1 Episode 1 28 March 2016 (2016-03-28) 3.33
21
2 Episode 2 4 April 2016 (2016-04-04) 2.93
22
3 Episode 3 11 April 2016 (2016-04-11) 2.90
23
4 Episode 4 18 April 2016 (2016-04-18) 2.72
24
5 Episode 5 25 April 2016 (2016-04-25) 2.78
25
6 Episode 6 2 May 2016 (2016-05-02) 2.35
25
6 Surviving the Island 3 May 2016 (2016-05-03) 1.32
Series 4 (2017)[edit]
The fourth series was broadcast from 23 April 2017.
Total
No.
Title
Original air date
UK viewers
(Millions)
26
1 Episode 1 23 April 2017 (2017-04-23) 2.46
27
2 Episode 2 24 April 2017 (2017-04-24) 1.91
28
3 Episode 3 1 May 2017 (2017-05-01) 2.35
29
4 Episode 4 8 May 2017 (2017-05-08) 2.06
30
5 Episode 5 14 May 2017 (2017-05-14) 1.92
31
6 Surviving the Island 14 May 2017 (2017-05-14) 1.29
Series 5 (2018)[edit]
It was announced at the end of the fourth series that The Island with Bear Grylls would be renewed for a fifth series to air in 2018.
Celebrity Island with Bear Grylls[edit]
Main article: Celebrity Island with Bear Grylls
A celebrity version of The Island was first broadcast as part of a charity campaign for Stand Up to Cancer UK in September 2016.[37][38] It was confirmed on 3 May 2017 that a second series of Celebrity Island with Bear Grylls, which would air later in August 2017 and will be raising money for Stand Up to Cancer as the first series did.
International adaptations[edit]
The American version of the show was announced on 28 January 2015,[39] and it premiered on 25 May 2015 on NBC.[40]
The Spanish adaptation of the show, titled La Isla, premiered on 17 May 2017 on laSexta.[41]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Bear Grylls: 'There's nothing fake about The Island'". Daily Telegraph. 19 May 2014. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Island with Bear Grylls Series 5 - here's how to apply!". 14 May 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.exeterexpressandecho.co.uk/island-Bear-Grylls-apply-series/story-29007088-detail/story.html
Jump up ^ Emma Daly (3 May 2016). "Dom Joly, Zoe Salmon and Ollie Locke sign up for celebrity The Island with Bear Grylls". Radio Times.
Jump up ^ Tom Ward (12 May 2014). "Bear Grylls talks masculinity on The Island, flesh-eating killer crocodiles and Harry Styles' survival skills". GQ.
Jump up ^ Sam Rowe (1 May 2014). "Bear Grylls: 'Men want to know if they have what it takes'". The Daily Telegraph.
Jump up ^ Theo Merz (8 Apr 2015). "Bear Grylls' island: are the women tougher than the men?". The Daily Telegraph.
Jump up ^ Tom Eames (1 September 2014). "The Island with Bear Grylls to feature men and women in two shows". Digital Sply.
Jump up ^ "The Island with Bear Grylls". All 4. Channel 4 Television. Archived from the original on 2016-03-21. Retrieved 2016-03-21.
Jump up ^ "Bear Grylls series The Island renewed by Channel 4". Digital Spy. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Mike Fletcher takes part in The Island with Bear Grylls reality TV show". York Press. 10 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Phil Haigh (23 April 2017). "The Island with Bear Grylls 2017 start date, TV channel and what to expect with show's new twist". Metro.
Jump up ^ "Terms of the Experiment". Channel 4. Archived from the original on 21 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Claire Carter (16 May 2014). "Bear Grylls survival show accused of 'fakery'". The Telegraph.
Jump up ^ "Bear Grylls and the survival show fakes: Four of his reality TV contestants are professionals". Daily Mail. 16 May 2014. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Island: Bear Grylls insists fake claims are untrue and says there is nothing set-up on survival series". Retrieved 24 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Broadcast Report" (PDF). Ofcom.
Jump up ^ Dean Rousewell (2 June 2014). "The Island crocodile killing scene did not breach Ofcom rules – despite 93 complaints". Daily Mirror.
Jump up ^ Jess Denham (22 April 2015). "The Island with Bear Grylls under fire after male contestants kill and eat rare crocodile". The Independent.
Jump up ^ James Leyfield (22 April 2015). "Bear Grylls' The Island bosses apologise after hungry contestants hunt and eat PROTECTED American crocodile". Daily Mirror.
Jump up ^ Matilda Battersby (14 May 2015). "The Island with Bear Grylls: More than 600 complaints are made about animal killings". The Independent.
Jump up ^ Choloe Hamilton (21 April 2014). "Women take on Bear Grylls over 'sexist' male-only desert island show". The Independent.
Jump up ^ Catriona Wightman (3 May 2014). "The Island: Eight things we learned from Bear Grylls". Digital Spy.
Jump up ^ Jade Bremner (28 April 2014). "Bear Grylls: I want to do The Island with women". Radio Times.
Jump up ^ "Grace Dent on TV: The Island with Bear Grylls was full of plotless bumbling and twig friction". The Independent. 9 May 2014. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Euan Ferguson (10 May 2014). "The Island With Bear Grylls; Blurred Lines; Billy Connolly's Big Send Off; 24 – review". The Observer.
Jump up ^ "Oh no! Now even desert islands have elf 'n' safety jobsworths: Christopher Stevens reviews last night's TV". Daily Mail. 20 May 2014. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Charlotte Runcie (8 April 2015). "The Island with Bear Grylls, Channel 4, review: 'strangely compelling'". The Daily Telegraph.
Jump up ^ Rupert Hawksley (8 April 2015). "The Island with Bear Grylls is still sexist". The Daily Telegraph.
Jump up ^ Will Dean (8 April 2015). "The Island with Bear Grylls, TV review: They'd be better off with a spa weekend". The Independent.
Jump up ^ Sam Wollaston (9 April 2015). "The Island with Bear Grylls review – unlike the fire, the banter never dies". The Guardian.
^ Jump up to: a b Denham, Jess (10 May 2015). "Baftas TV Awards 2015: Winners list in full - Marvellous and The Lost Honour of Christopher Jefferies win big as Cilla leaves empty-handed". The Independent.
Jump up ^ "Programme Awards 2013 - 2014: The Winners". Royal Television Society.
Jump up ^ Ed Frankl (5 June 2014). "Outrage over enema scene in Bear Grylls reality show". Evening Standard.
Jump up ^ Mayer Nissim (15 May 2015). "The Island with Bear Grylls will return for a third series". Digital Spy.
Jump up ^ "Viewing data Top 30s [select appropriate week]". BARB. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
Jump up ^ http://www.exeterexpressandecho.co.uk/island-Bear-Grylls-apply-series/story-29007088-detail/story.html
Jump up ^ Emma Daly (3 May 2016). "Dom Joly, Zoe Salmon and Ollie Locke sign up for celebrity The Island with Bear Grylls". Radio Times.
Jump up ^ Peter White (28 January 2015). "NBC orders The Island with Bear Grylls remake". Broadcast.
Jump up ^ Sara Bibel (28 April 2015). "NBC Reveals the Cast of New Reality Series 'The Island'". TV by the Numbers.
Jump up ^ "LaSexta estrena La Isla, el reality de supervivencia conducido por Pedro García Aguado". Europa Press. 16 May 2017.
External links[edit]
The Island with Bear Grylls at channel4.com
The Island with Bear Grylls on IMDb
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Island_with_Bear_Grylls&oldid=813396780"
Categories:
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