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Folliculogenesis
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Although the process is similar in many animals, this article will deal exclusively with human folliculogenesis.
Order of changes in ovary.
1 - Menstruation
2 - Developing follicle
3 - Mature follicle
4 - Ovulation
5 - Corpus luteum
6 - Deterioration of corpus luteum
In biology, folliculogenesis is the maturation of the ovarian follicle, a densely packed shell of somatic cells that contains an immature oocyte. Folliculogenesis describes the progression of a number of small primordial follicles into large preovulatory follicles that occurs in part during the menstrual cycle.
Contrary to male spermatogenesis, which can last indefinitely, folliculogenesis ends when the remaining follicles in the ovaries are incapable of responding to the hormonal cues that previously recruited some follicles to mature. This depletion in follicle supply signals the beginning of menopause.
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
2 Phases of development
2.1 Primordial
2.2 Primary
2.3 Secondary
2.4 Antrum formation
2.5 Early tertiary
2.6 Late tertiary and preovulatory (the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle)
3 Ovulation and the corpus luteum
4 Hormone function
5 Number of follicles
6 Depletion of the ovarian reserve
7 See also
8 Additional images
9 References
10 External links
Overview[edit]
The primary role of the follicle is oocyte support. From birth, the ovaries of the human female contain a number of immature, primordial follicles. These follicles each contain a similarly immature primary oocyte. At puberty clutches of follicles begin folliculogenesis, entering a growth pattern that ends in death (apoptosis) or in ovulation (the process where the oocyte leaves the follicle).
During follicular development, primordial follicles undergo a series of critical changes in character, both histologically and hormonally. First they change into primary follicles and later into secondary follicles. The follicles then transition to tertiary, or antral, follicles. At this stage in development, they become dependent on hormones, particularly FSH which causes a substantial increase in their growth rate. The late tertiary or pre-ovulatory follicle ruptures and discharges the oocyte (that has become a secondary oocyte), ending folliculogenesis.
Diagram of folliculogenesis, starting from pre-antral (late secondary), courtesy NCBI
Phases of development[edit]
Folliculogenesis is continuous, meaning that at any time the ovary contains follicles in many stages of development. The majority of follicles die and never complete development. A few develop fully to produce a secondary oocyte which is released by rupture of the follicle in a process called ovulation.
The growing follicle passes through the following distinct stages that are defined by certain structural characteristics:
In a larger perspective, the whole folliculogenesis, from primordial to preovulatory follicle, belongs to the stage of ootidogenesis of oogenesis.
Further information: oogenesis
Stage Description Size
Primordial Dormant, small, only one layer of flat granulosa cells Primordial follicles are about 0.03-0.05 mm in diameter.
Primary Mitotic cells, cuboidal granulosa cells Almost 0.1 mm in diameter
Secondary Presence of theca cells, multiple layers of granulosa cells The follicle is now 0.2 mm in diameter
Early tertiary The early tertiary follicle is arbitrarily divided into five classes. Class 1 follicles are 0.2 mm in diameter, class 2 about 0.4 mm, class 3 about 0.9 mm, class 4 about 2 mm, and class 5 about 5 mm.
Late tertiary Fully formed antrum, no further cytodifferentiation, no novel progress Class 6 follicles are about 10 mm in diameter, class 7 about 16 mm, and class 8 about 20 mm. It is common for non-dominant follicles to grow beyond class 5, but rarely is there more than one class 8 follicle.
Preovulatory Building growth in estrogen concentration, all other follicles atretic or dead
In addition, follicles that have formed an antrum are called antral follicles or Graafian follicles. Definitions differ in where this shift occurs in the staging given above, with some stating that it occurs when entering the secondary stage,[1] and others stating that it occurs when entering the tertiary stage.[2]
Until the preovulatory stage, the follicle contains a primary oocyte that is arrested in prophase of meiosis I. During the late preovulatory stage, the oocyte continues meiosis and becomes a secondary oocyte, arrested in metaphase II.
(a) The maturation of a follicle is shown in a clockwise direction proceeding from the primordial follicles. FSH stimulates the growth of a tertiary follicle, and LH stimulates the production of estrogen by granulosa and theca cells. Once the follicle is mature, it ruptures and releases the oocyte. Cells remaining in the follicle then develop into the corpus luteum. (b) In this electron micrograph of a secondary follicle, the oocyte, theca cells (thecae folliculi), and developing antrum are clearly visible. Electron microscopy images
Primordial[edit]
At 18–22 weeks post-conception, the cortex of the female ovary( foetal female ovary) contains its peak number of follicles (about 4 to 5 million in the average case, but individual peak populations range from 6 to 7 million;[3] 'These primordial follicles contain immature oocytes surrounded by flat, squamous granulosa cells (the support cells) that are segregated from the oocyte's environment by the basal lamina. They are quiescent, showing little to no biological activity. Because primordial follicles can be dormant for up to 50 years in the human, the length of the ovarian cycle does not include this time.
The supply of follicles decreases slightly before birth, and to 180,000 by puberty for the average case (populations at puberty range from 25,000 to 1.5 million).[3] By virtue of the "inefficient" nature of folliculogenesis (discussed later), only 400 of these follicles will ever reach the preovulatory stage. At menopause, only 1,000 follicles remain. It seems likely that early menopause occurs for women with low populations at birth, and late menopause occurs for women with high populations at birth, but there is as yet no clinical evidence for this.[3]
The process by which primordial cells 'wake up' is known as initial recruitment. Research has shown that initial recruitment is mediated by the counterbalance of various stimulatory and inhibitory hormones and locally produced growth factors.[4]
Primary[edit]
During ovarian follicle activation, the granulosa cells of the primordial follicles change from a flat to a cuboidal structure, marking the beginning of the primary follicle. The oocyte genome is activated and genes become transcribed. Rudimentary paracrine signalling pathways that are vital for communication between the follicle and oocyte are formed. Both the oocyte and the follicle grow dramatically, increasing to almost 0.1 mm in diameter.
Primary follicles develop receptors to follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) at this time, but they are gonadotropin-independent until the antral stage. Research has shown, however, that the presence of FSH accelerates follicle growth in vitro.
A glycoprotein polymer capsule called the zona pellucida forms around the oocyte, separating it from the surrounding granulosa cells. The zona pellucida, which remains with the oocyte after ovulation, contains enzymes that catalyze with sperm to allow penetration.
Secondary[edit]
Stroma-like theca cells are recruited by oocyte-secreted signals. They surround the follicle's outermost layer, the basal lamina, and undergo cytodifferentiation to become the theca externa and theca interna. An intricate network of capillary vessels forms between these two thecal layers and begins to circulate blood to and from the follicle.
The late-term secondary follicle is marked histologically and structurally by a fully grown oocyte surrounded by a zona pellucida, approximately nine layers of granulosa cells, a basal lamina, a theca interna, a capillary net, and a theca externa.
Antrum formation[edit]
Further information: Antral follicle
The formation of a fluid-filled cavity adjacent to the oocyte called the antrum designates the follicle as an antral follicle, in contrast to so a called preantral follicle that still lacks an antrum. An antral follicle is also called a Graafian follicle.
Definitions differ in which stage this shift occurs, with some designating follicles in the secondary stage as antral,[1] and others designating them as preantral.[2]
Early tertiary[edit]
In the tertiary follicle, the basic structure of the mature follicle has formed and no novel cells are detectable. Granulosa and theca cells continue to undergo mitotis concomitant with an increase in antrum volume. Tertiary follicles can attain a tremendous size that is hampered only by the availability of FSH, which it is now dependent on.
Under action of an oocyte-secreted morphogenic gradient, the granulosa cells of the tertiary follicle undergo differentiation into four distinct subtypes: corona radiata, surrounding the zona pellucida; membrana, interior to the basal lamina; periantral, adjacent to the antrum and cumulus oophorous, which connects the membrana and corona radiata granulosa cells together. Each type of cell behaves differently in response to FSH.
Theca interna cells express receptors for luteinizing hormone (LH). LH induces the production of androgens by the theca cells, most notably androstendione, which are aromatized by granulosa cells to produce estrogens, primarily estradiol. Consequently, estrogen levels begin to rise.
Late tertiary and preovulatory (the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle)[edit]
At this point, the majority of the group of follicles that started growth have died. This process of follicle death is known as atresia, and it is characterized by radical apoptosis of all constituent cells and the oocyte. Although it is not known what causes atresia, the presence of high concentrations of FSH has been shown to prevent it.
A rise in pituitary FSH caused by the disintegration of the corpus luteum at the conclusion of the twelfth menstrual cycle precipitates the selection of five to seven class 5 follicles to participate in the thirteenth. These follicles enter the end of the twelfth menstrual cycle and transition into the follicular phase of the thirteenth cycle. The selected follicles, called antral follicles, compete with each other for growth-inducing FSH.
In response to the rise of FSH, the antral follicles begin to secrete estrogen and inhibin, which have a negative feedback effect on FSH.[5] Follicles that have fewer FSH-receptors will not be able to develop further; they will show retardation of their growth rate and become atretic. Eventually, only one follicle will be viable. This remaining follicle, called the dominant follicle, will grow quickly and dramatically—up to 20 mm in diameter—to become the preovulatory follicle.
Note: Many sources misrepresent the pace of follicle growth, some even suggesting that it takes only fourteen days for a primordial follicle to become preovulatory. Actually, the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle means the time between selection of a tertiary follicle and its subsequent growth into a preovulatory follicle.The actual time for development of a follicle varies.
Ovulation and the corpus luteum[edit]
By the end of the follicular(or proliferative) phase of the thirteenth day of the menstrual cycle, the cumulus oophorus layer of the preovulatory follicle will develop an opening, or stigma, and excrete the oocyte with a complement of cumulus cells in a process called ovulation. The oocyte is technically still a secondary oocyte, suspended in the metaphase II of meiosis. It will develop into an ootid, and rapidly thereafter into an ovum (via completion of meiosis II) only upon fertilization. The oocyte will now travel down one of the fallopian tubes to eventually be discharged through menstruation in the case that it is unfertilized or if it is not successfully implanted in the uterus (if previously fertilized).
The ruptured follicle will undergo a dramatic transformation into the corpus luteum, a steroidiogenic cluster of cells that maintains the endometrium of the uterus by the secretion of large amounts of progesterone and minor amounts of estrogen.
These two steps, while not part of folliculogenesis, are included for completeness. They are discussed in their entirety by their respective articles, and placed into perspective by the menstrual cycle article. It is recommended that these three topics be reviewed.
Hormone function[edit]
As with most things related to the reproductive system, folliculogenesis is controlled by the endocrine system. Five hormones participate in an intricate process of positive and negative feedback to regulate folliculogenesis. They are:
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secreted by the hypothalamus
two gonadotropins:
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
luteinizing hormone (LH)
estrogen
progesterone
GnRH stimulates the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary gland that will later have a stimulatory effect on follicle growth (not immediately, however, because only antral follicles are dependent on FSH and LH). When theca cells form in the tertiary follicle the amount of estrogen increases sharply (theca-derived androgen is aromatized into estrogen by the granulosa cells).
At low concentration, estrogen inhibits gonadotropins, but high concentration of estrogen stimulates them. In addition, as more estrogen is secreted, more LH receptors are made by the theca cells, inciting theca cells to create more androgen that will become estrogen downstream. This positive feedback loop causes LH to spike sharply, and it is this spike that causes ovulation.
Following ovulation, LH stimulates the formation of the corpus luteum. Estrogen has since dropped to negative stimulatory levels after ovulation and therefore serves to maintain the concentration of FSH and LH. Inhibin, which is also secreted by the corpus luteum, contributes to FSH inhibition.
The endocrine system coincides with the menstrual cycle and goes through thirteen cycles (and thus thirteen LH spikes) during the course of normal folliculogenesis. However, coordinated enzyme signalling and the time-specific expression of hormonal receptors ensures that follicle growth does not become disregulated during these premature spikes.
Number of follicles[edit]
"Percentage of ovarian reserve related to increasing age. The curve describes the percentage of ovarian reserve remaining at ages from birth to 55 years, based on the ADC model. 100% is taken to be the maximum ovarian reserve, occurring at 18–22 weeks post-conception. The percentages apply to all women whose ovarian reserve declines in line with our model (i.e. late and early menopause are associated with high and low peak NGF populations, respectively). We estimate that for 95% of women by the age of 30 years only 12% of their maximum pre-birth NGF population is present and by the age of 40 years only 3% remains. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008772.g005"[6]
Recently, two publications have challenged the idea that a finite number of follicles are set around the time of birth.[7][8] Renewal of ovarian follicles from germline stem cells (originating from bone marrow and peripheral blood) was reported in the postnatal mouse ovary. Studies attempting to replicate these results are underway, but a study of populations in 325 human ovaries found no supporting evidence for follicular replenishment.[3]
In 2010, researchers at the University of Edinburgh determined that by the time women are 30 years old, only 10% of their non-growing follicles (NGFs) remain.[6] At birth, women have all their follicles for folliculogenesis, and they steadily decline until menopause.
Depletion of the ovarian reserve[edit]
As women (and mice) age, double-strand breaks accumulate in their primordial follicle reserve. These follicles contain primary oocytes that are arrested in prophase of the first cell division of meiosis. Double-strand breaks are accurately repaired during meiosis by searching for, and building off of, the matching strand (termed “homologous recombinational repair”). Titus et al.[9] (2013) found that, as humans (and mice) age, expression of four key DNA repair genes necessary for homologous recombinational repair declines in oocytes. They hypothesized that DNA double-strand break repair is vital for the maintenance of oocyte reserve, and that a decline in efficiency of repair with age plays a key role in the depletion of the ovarian reserve (ovarian aging).
See also[edit]
ovarian follicle
ovarian follicle activation
granulosa cells
fertilization
menstrual cycle
ovulation
reproductive cycle
spermatogenesis
Follicular atresia
Oocyte maturation inhibitor
Additional images[edit]
Section of the ovary. (#5 through #9 represent stages of folliculogenesis)
transitional primary follicle.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Page 769, section "formation of the antrum" in: Sherwood, Lauralee. (2010). Human physiology : from cells to system. Australia ; United States: Brooks/Cole. ISBN 978-0-495-39184-5.
^ Jump up to: a b Page 76 in: Vandenhurk, R.; Bevers, M.; Beckers, J. (1997). "In-vivo and in-vitro development of preantral follicles". Theriogenology. 47: 73–82. doi:10.1016/S0093-691X(96)00341-X.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Wallace WHB and Kelsey TW (2010) Human Ovarian Reserve from Conception to the Menopause. PLoS ONE 5(1):e8772. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008772
Jump up ^ Fortune J, Cushman R, Wahl C, Kito S (2000). "The primordial to primary follicle transition". Mol Cell Endocrinol. 163 (1-2): 53–60. doi:10.1016/S0303-7207(99)00240-3. PMID 10963874.
Jump up ^ de Ziegler D (2007), "Roles of FSH and LH during the follicular phase: insight into the natural cycle IVF", RBM Online volume 15 No. 5, page 508
^ Jump up to: a b Wallace, W. Hamish B.; Thomas W. Kelsey (2010-01-27). "Human Ovarian Reserve from Conception to the Menopause". PLoS ONE. 5 (1): e8772. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008772. PMC 2811725  . PMID 20111701.
Jump up ^ Johnson J, Bagley J, Skaznik-Wikiel M, Lee H, Adams G, Niikura Y, Tschudy K, Tilly J, Cortes M, Forkert R, Spitzer T, Iacomini J, Scadden D, Tilly J (2005). "Oocyte generation in adult mammalian ovaries by putative germ cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood". Cell. 122 (2): 303–15. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.06.031. PMID 16051153.
Jump up ^ Johnson J, Canning J, Kaneko T, Pru J, Tilly J (2004). "Germline stem cells and follicular renewal in the postnatal mammalian ovary". Nature. 428 (6979): 145–50. doi:10.1038/nature02316. PMID 15014492.
Jump up ^ Titus S, Li F, Stobezki R, Akula K, Unsal E, Jeong K, Dickler M, Robson M, Moy F, Goswami S, Oktay K. (2013). Impairment of BRCA1-related DNA double-strand break repair leads to ovarian aging in mice and humans. Sci Transl Med 5(172):172ra21. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3004925. PMID 23408054
Caglar G, Asimakopoulos B, Nikolettos N, Diedrich K, Al-Hasani S (2005). "Recombinant LH in ovarian stimulation". Reprod Biomed Online. 10 (6): 774–85. doi:10.1016/S1472-6483(10)61123-6. PMID 15970010.
Fortune JE, Yang MY, Muruvi W (2010). The earliest stages of follicular development: follicle formation and activation. Soc Reprod Fertil Suppl.67:203-16. PMID 21755674. PMC 5316466.
Gougeon A (1996). "Regulation of ovarian follicular development in primates: facts and hypotheses". Endocr Rev. 17 (2): 121–55. doi:10.1210/er.17.2.121. PMID 8706629.
Gougeon A (1986). "Dynamics of follicular growth in the human: a model from preliminary results". Hum Reprod. 1 (2): 81–7. PMID 3558758.
van den Hurk R, Zhao J (2005). "Formation of mammalian oocytes and their growth, differentiation and maturation within ovarian follicles". Theriogenology. 63 (6): 1717–51. doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.08.005. PMID 15763114.
Mehmet Uzumcu, Rob Zachow (2007). "Developmental exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors: Consequences within the ovary and on female reproductive function." Reproductive Toxicology 23 (3), 337-352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2006.10.006
External links[edit]
Morphology and Physiology of the Ovary at endotext.org
The ovary - folliculogenesis and oogenesis at nlm.nih.gov
Folliculogenesis Graphic Depicting Hormones Involved at anshlabs.com
Folliculogenesis and Ovulation at gfmer.ch
Reproductive Physiology at ufp.pt
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Shaun White
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other similarly named persons, see Sean White (disambiguation).
Shaun White
White in 2008
Personal information
Full name
Shaun Roger White
Born
(1986-09-03) September 3, 1986 (age 31)
San Diego, California, U.S.
Height
5 ft 8 in (173 cm)
Weight
154 lb (70 kg)
Sport
Country
United States
Sport
Snowboarding, Skateboarding
Medal record[show]
Men's snowboarding
Representing the United States
Olympic Games
2006 Torino Halfpipe
2010 Vancouver Halfpipe
2018 Pyeongchang Halfpipe
Winter X Games
2003 Aspen Superpipe
2003 Aspen Slopestyle
2004 Aspen Slopestyle
2005 Aspen Slopestyle
2006 Aspen Superpipe
2006 Aspen Slopestyle
2008 Aspen Superpipe
2009 Aspen Superpipe
2009 Aspen Slopestyle
2010 Aspen Superpipe
2011 Aspen Superpipe
2012 Aspen Superpipe
2013 Aspen Superpipe
2002 Aspen Superpipe
2002 Aspen Slopestyle
2007 Aspen Superpipe
2007 Aspen Slopestyle
2008 Aspen Slopestyle
Men's skateboarding
X Games
2007 Los Angeles Vert
2011 Los Angeles Vert
2005 Los Angeles Vert
2010 Los Angeles Vert
2008 Los Angeles Vert
Shaun Roger White (born September 3, 1986) is an American professional snowboarder, skateboarder and musician. He is a three-time Olympic gold medalist. He holds the record for the most X-Games gold medals and most Olympic gold medals by a snowboarder, and has won 10 ESPY Awards.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
2.1 Snowboarding career
2.1.1 2006 Winter Olympics
2.1.2 2008
2.1.3 2009
2.1.4 2010 Winter Olympics
2.1.5 2011
2.1.6 2012
2.1.7 2013
2.1.8 2014 Winter Olympics
2.1.9 2018 Winter Olympics
3 Athletic achievements
4 Non-competition awards and accolades
5 Endorsements
6 Acting career
7 Music career
8 Media appearances
9 Personal life
10 See also
11 References
12 External links
Early life
White was born in San Diego, California. His ancestry includes Irish and Italian.[1][2] He was born with a Tetralogy of Fallot, a congenital heart defect for which he endured two open-heart operations before the age of one.[3] White spent his formative years riding Okemo Mountain and Bear Mountain, small ski resorts found in Ludlow, Vermont, and the San Bernardino Mountains of Southern California.
Career
White quickly drew the eyes of many in the skateboarder scene, including professional skateboarder Tony Hawk. Hawk befriended the nine-year-old White at a local skatepark and mentored him, helping him turn pro in skateboarding at the age of 17. White has won many titles on his skateboard, including the overall title of Action Sports Tour Champion, and was the first person to compete in and win both the Summer and Winter X Games in two different sports.
Snowboarding career
Following in his older brother Jesse White's[4] footsteps, White switched from skiing to snowboarding at age six, and by age seven he received his first sponsorship. White has participated in four Winter Olympics in his career. At the 2006, 2010, and 2018 Winter Olympics, White won gold in the snowboard halfpipe event. White has also participated in the Winter X Games, where he has won a medal every year since 2002. Including all winter X Games competitions through 2013, his medal count stands at 18 (13 gold, 3 silver, 2 bronze), among which is the first quadruple win streak by a male athlete in one discipline, the snowboard slopestyle. White's streak was snapped in 2007 when he lost to Andreas Wiig and Teddy Flandreau, with White taking the bronze. He won the Air & Style Contest in 2003 and 2004.
2006 Winter Olympics
See also: Snowboarding at the 2006 Winter Olympics and 2006 Winter Olympics
At the 2006 Winter Olympics, White won gold in the half-pipe.[5] After his first run in qualifications, White was almost out of competition, scoring only 37.7. On his second run, he recorded a score of 45.3. In the finals, White recorded a score of 46.8 (50 is the highest possible score) to win. Fellow American Danny Kass won the silver with a points total of 44.0.[6]
2008
Executing a near-flawless second run, White captured his third consecutive snowboard halfpipe title at the 2008 U.S. Open Snowboarding Championships to go along with his third US Open slopestyle competition. This followed White's win at the 25th (2007) Burton US Open, where he placed third in slopestlyle and first in the halfpipe. At the 2007 Open, White was also crowned the first "Burton Global Open Champion". His take for the event was $100,000 (Global Open Champ), $20,000 (1st Place Halfpipe), $90,000 (3rd Place Slopestyle), and a new Corvette.
On November 16, 2008, White released his first video game Shaun White Snowboarding in North America (November 14, 2008, in Europe). Shaun White Snowboarding was the 20th best-selling game of December 2008 in the United States.[citation needed]
2009
White with Richard Branson in 2009
There was a lot of controversy over who won the 2009 SuperPipe at Winter X Games XIII[citation needed]. Kevin Pearce had 5 hits in the pipe, and all were the same tricks White did in his final run. White, on the other hand, had 6 hits and he started off his run with a big backside rodeo 540 where Pearce started his run off with a big grab. Although Pearce went bigger, he had only 5 hits, and his first hit wasn't as technical as White's first hit.[citation needed] Judges came to the conclusion that White deserved the better score because he started off with a more technical trick and he had 1 more hit than Pearce.[citation needed] With the win, White became the second competitor, after Tanner Hall, to win a gold medal in the superpipe in consecutive years at the Winter X Games. He also won a gold medal in Slopestyle, finally winning gold after 2 straight years of bronze.
On February 14, 2009, White won the FIS World Cup Men's Halfpipe event at Vancouver's Cypress Mountain. Out of the gate in his first qualifying run, he qualified immediately with the day's best score of 45.5. With a thumb sprained on an over-rotated backside 1080 in the second qualifying run, he clinched the event with the first of his two runs in the finals. His first finals run was awarded the highest score ever in FIS halfpipe, a 47.3.
2010 Winter Olympics
See also: Snowboarding at the 2010 Winter Olympics and 2010 Winter Olympics
At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, White again won gold in the halfpipe.[7] In the finals, White recorded a score of 46.8 on his first run, which proved a high enough score to secure the gold medal without a second run. He performed his second run anyway, as a victory lap, ending his run with a well-anticipated Double McTwist 1260 which he named The Tomahawk.[8] This second run resulted in a record score of 48.4 (50 is the highest possible score) enlarging his margin of victory. His nearest competitor won the silver with a points total of 45.0, 3.4 behind White.[9]
2011
After a sub-par performance in the Slopestyle, failing to reach the finals, White "redeemed" himself in the Superpipe. With an 89, he sat in second place going into his 2nd of three runs. He completed the run, landing his infamous Double McTwist 1260 and finishing with a score of 97.33 to take the lead and claim the historical 4th straight Gold in the Winter X Games, held in Aspen Colorado. The score tied an X Games record which was set by White one year before. His 3rd run was a simple victory run featuring mostly straight air.[10]
2012
At Winter X, White became the first person in the history of Winter X Games to score a perfect 100 in the men's Snowboard Superpipe.
2013
White won his 6th consecutive SuperPipe victory, making him the second participant ever to achieve this, with SnoCross racer Tucker Hibbert achieving his 6th consecutive victory earlier in the same day.[11]
In December 2013, he won the third place in the Pipe & Slope contest at the FIS Snowboard World Cup in Copper Mountain, Colorado.[12]
2014 Winter Olympics
White finished fourth at the 2014 Winter Olympics in the Halfpipe event.
During the winter games, he was the most talked-about Olympic athlete on Facebook.[13]
2018 Winter Olympics
White after medalling at the 2018 Winter Olympics
While in New Zealand, training for the 2018 Winter Olympics, White crashed into the edge of a superpipe; the resulting injuries to his face required 62 stitches.[14][15] Despite the accident, White qualified for the 2018 US Olympic Team.[16] On February 14, he won his third Olympic gold medal for the Men's Halfpipe event with a score of 97.75, with Ayumu Hirano of Japan taking the silver medal and Scott James of Australia taking the bronze. White was trailing Hirano by one full point coming into his last run with a score of 94.25. Despite this, White dramatically won the gold medal with back-to-back 1440s.[17] His gold medal was also the 100th for the United States at the Winter Olympic Games.[18]
Athletic achievements
White was the first to compete and medal in both the Summer and Winter X Games.
White is the first snowboarder ever to land back to back double corks, at the Red Bull superpipe.
He remains the only skater to land the frontside heelflip 540 body varial. (The Armadillo).[19]
He was the first to land a Cab 7 Melon Grab in vert skateboarding.[20]
He is the first snowboarder to win back-to-back gold medals in the Winter X-Games Superpipe.
He is also the first athlete ever (on snowboard or skis) to win gold medals four years in a row in the Winter X-Games Superpipe.
He is the first (and only) person to win both a Summer and Winter Dew Cup.[21]
White was the first to "three-peat" in SuperPipe at the Winter X Games.
Shaun White holds the record for the highest score in the men's halfpipe at the Winter Olympics. In 2018, he scored 97.75 on his last run.
Non-competition awards and accolades
White was named the "Chairman of the Board" on the Spike TV Guys' Choice Awards on June 13, 2007 and again on June 19, 2010.[22]
In the March 2009 issue of Snowboarder Magazine, he was named the ninth-best snowboarder in the World.[23]
He won the Revolver Golden Gods Award for "Most Metal Athlete".
White has been named Transworld Snowboarding's Rider Of The Year twice.[24]
Endorsements
White has had a sponsor since he was seven years old. White signed CAA Sports for representation after working with IMG for eight years.[25] Corporate endorsement deals include or have included Burton Snowboards, Oakley, Inc., Birdhouse Skateboards, Park City Mountain Resort, Target Corporation, Red Bull, Ubisoft, Adio and Hewlett-Packard. White also has his own character on the game Shaun Palmer's Pro Snowboarder as well as the video games Shaun White Snowboarding and Shaun White Skateboarding. In 2009, Forbes magazine estimated that he had earned $9 million from his endorsements in 2008.[26]
Acting career
White has made cameo appearance as himself in the 2011 film Friends with Benefits, the 2013 episode "Da Flippity Flop" of the animated TV series American Dad!, and the 2014 Disney Channel Original Movie Cloud 9.
In a 2007 interview with Outside magazine, White stated that he had turned down numerous film roles in which "the first lines [for his character] are always "What up, brah?'".[27]
Music career
White plays guitar in the electronic rock band Bad Things, which also features former Augustana bassist Jared Palomar.[28] The band played in one of the four Saturday headlining slots at the 2013 Lollapalooza festival, as a last-minute replacement for Death Grips.[28] Their self-titled debut album was released in January 2014.
In October 2013, White appeared in the music video for "City of Angels" by Thirty Seconds to Mars.[29]
Media appearances
He had his first published interview in TransWorld SNOWboarding Magazine in 2003.[30]
White starred in the 2004 documentary The White Album and the 2005 snowboarding documentary First Descent.
In 2007, White appeared on the E! reality TV show The Girls Next Door as a snowboarding teacher for Holly Madison, Bridget Marquardt and Kendra Wilkinson.[31]
White was one of the few pro snowboarders to be a guest editor of Snowboarder Magazine (February 2008 issue).[32]
Shaun White has appeared in several video games and even had his own franchise
He appeared in Shaun Palmer's Pro Snowboarder in 2001
Shaun White Snowboarding was released in 2008
A sequel, Shaun White Snowboarding: World Stage, was released in 2009
A skateboarding game, Shaun White Skateboarding, was released in 2010
A film, Don't Look Down, has been released on DVD and ESPN. The film tracks his journey through the year following his Olympic success.[33]
White was on the cover of The Complete Book of the Winter Olympics: 2010 Edition.[34]
White appeared as a guest on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno on March 2, 2010, recounting the story of how his mother had his first Olympic gold medal dry cleaned.[35]
White appeared on the January 16, 2011 episode of Extreme Makeover: Home Edition to help redesign a room for an eight-year-old boy.[36]
White appeared in the Nickelodeon Tv Series Henry Danger in 2018 in the episode Toon in for Danger. In the episode White and Captain Man were struggling for a seat while Watching the premiere of The Adventures of Kid Danger.
Personal life
White has had the longstanding nickname "The Flying Tomato", due to his shock of red hair. In 2006, Rolling Stone wrote about the nickname, saying, "he used to embrace it, even wearing headbands with a flying-tomato logo, but he has grown tired of it." He has also been nicknamed "animal", a reference to a character from The Muppet Show.[37][38]
In February 2009, Red Bull built White a halfpipe completely out of natural snow in the back country of Colorado on the backside of Silverton Mountain, coordinates (37.838801,-107.710299).
On September 17, 2012, White was arrested near a hotel in Nashville for public intoxication and vandalism after attending the wedding party of the drummer of The Black Keys, Patrick Carney.[39]
His girlfriend is Sarah Barthel of the band Phantogram.[40] White has been dating Barthel since 2013.[41]
In 2016, Bad Things drummer Lena Zawaideh brought a lawsuit against White, claiming sexual harassment and breach of contract.[42] White and Zawaideh reached an out-of-court settlement in May 2017; the terms of the settlement were not disclosed.[43] At a press conference following White's win at the 2018 Winter Olympics, he was asked if he was concerned that the lawsuit and settlement would tarnish his image. In replying, he referred to the incident as gossip, a response that created widespread condemnation of White for minimizing sexual harassment. White later apologized for his choice of words.[44][45]
See also
List of professional snowboarders
References
Jump up ^ O'Shea, Sean. "Shaun White is set for more Olympic Gold in Canada". irishcentral.com. Retrieved June 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 12, 2012. Retrieved May 30, 2012.
Jump up ^ Official Site of Shaun White
Jump up ^ Tschorn, Adam (19 August 2016). "Olympian Shaun White's new clothing line reflects a grown-up version of the athlete's aesthetic". latimes.com.
Jump up ^ "Shaun White Wins Gold Medal". February 12, 2006. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ Sal Ruibal (February 12, 2006). "White a gold winner in halfpipe, Kass is second". USA Today. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ "White defends men's halfpipe title". Associated Press. February 17, 2010. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ John Branch (February 12, 2006). "White Takes Gold in Snowboard Halfpipe". The New York Times. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ Kerby, Trey (February 17, 2010). "Shaun White proves he's still the best snowboarder in the world". Yahoo! Sports. Yahoo!. Retrieved February 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "White wins first WX SuperPipe four-peat". Winter X Games. Retrieved January 30, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Shaun White Clinches Sis-Peat". Winter X Games. January 27, 2013. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ "FIS Snowboard World Cup 2014 Results" (PDF). International Ski Federation. December 22, 2013. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ "White is most chatted-about Olympic athlete". Retrieved 2018-01-19.
Jump up ^ "Video shows Shaun White's gruesome crash that resulted in 62 stitches". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2018-01-19.
Jump up ^ "Details emerge about Shaun White's horrific slam that nearly cost him Olympics". CBSSports.com. Retrieved 2018-01-19.
Jump up ^ "Shaun White Scores Perfect 100, Makes Olympic Team With Youth Olympic Champs Jake Pates, Ben Ferguson". Team USA. Retrieved 2018-01-19.
Jump up ^ Mather, Victor. "Sean White Reclaims His Golden Halfpipe Throne". New York Times. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Passan, Jeff. "Shaun White delivers dramatic finish to win third Olympic goal medal in halfpipe".
Jump up ^ "Shaun White Biography". Biography.com. A&E Television Networks. Archived from the original on February 27, 2010. Retrieved February 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ McCann, Michelle Roehm (2012). Boys Who Rocked the World: Heroes from King Tut to Bruce Lee. Simon and Schuster. p. 222. ISBN 9781582703312. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Thomas, Pete (February 21, 2009). "Shaun White wins slopestyle Dew Cup". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ All Headline News Archived June 16, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Best Snowboarders Of 2009: #9 Shaun White Archived April 26, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. Snowboarder Magazine
Jump up ^ "History Of The Riders' Poll Awards". Transworld Snowboarding. January 25, 2009. Retrieved February 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Lipari, Zachary (June 4, 2010). "On to the Next One: Shaun White". SportsAgentBlog.com. Retrieved July 9, 2010.
Jump up ^ Badenhausen, Kurt (February 18, 2009). "The Highest-Paid Action Sports Stars". Forbes. Retrieved February 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ White vs. Hawk, Skate and Annoy, July 3, 2007
^ Jump up to: a b Browne, Rembert. "Rembert Explains America: An Unlikely Lollapalooza With Shaun White and His Band, Bad Things". Grantland. Retrieved August 8, 2013.
Jump up ^ Schillaci, Sophie (October 29, 2013). "Kanye West, Selena Gomez Among Artists in 30 Seconds to Mars' 'City of Angels'". Billboard. Retrieved August 8, 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Shaun White Interview". Transworld Snowboarding. October 7, 2003. Retrieved February 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Playboy Girls Ride With Shaun White". Snowboard Magazine. Storm Mountain Corp. Archived from the original on February 20, 2007. Retrieved February 8, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Snowboarder Magazine February 2008 Volume 20.7 Shaun White Guest Editor Issue". Snowboarder Magazine. Source Interlink Media. Archived from the original on March 4, 2010. Retrieved February 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Shaun White Snowboarding Documentary released today on DVD!". Michael Johns Online. January 6, 2009. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ Wallechinsky, David; Loucky, Jaime (October 2009). The Complete Book of the Winter Olympics: 2010 Edition. Aurum Press. ISBN 978-1-84513-491-4.
Jump up ^ "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno". The Tonight Show with Jay Leno – NBC Official Site. NBC Universal. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Simpson Family". Extreme Makeover: Home Edition. ABC.com. Archived from the original on April 7, 2014. Retrieved March 12, 2014.
Jump up ^ Stevens, Hampton (January 30, 2010). "Shaun White reveals his new nickname". ESPN. Retrieved February 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ Edwards, Gavin. "Shaun White: Attack of the Flying Tomato". Rolling Stone. RealNetworks, Inc. Retrieved February 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ O'Neil, Devon (September 17, 2012). "X Games star Shawn White charged with vandalism at hotel". ESPN.com. Retrieved September 17, 2012.
Jump up ^ Aswad, Jem (February 9, 2018). "Olympic Snowboarder Shaun White Reveals His Good-Luck Songs". Variety. Retrieved February 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Rouff, Lily (January 16, 2018). "These Photos Of Shaun White & Sarah Barthel Will Make You Swoon So Hard For Them". Elite Daily. Retrieved February 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Stutz, Colin (August 16, 2016). "Shaun White Sued by Ex-Bad Things Drummer for Sexual Harassment". Billboard. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Schrotenboer, Brent (May 16, 2017). "Shaun White settlement reached in female drummer's lawsuit". USA Today. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ https://variety.com/2018/tv/news/shaun-white-sexual-harassment-gossip-1202698576/
Jump up ^ http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-shaun-white-sexual-misconduct-lawsuit-gossip-20180214-story.html
External links
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Shaun White
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shaun White.
Shaun White at the International Ski Federation
Official website
Shaun White on IMDb
Shaun White at the United States Olympic Committee
AP Winter Games Athlete Profile: Shaun White
Shaun White Project X Private Halfpipe Video
Snowboardermag.com — interviews and videos
Shaun White Interview: Pop Magazine
[show]
v
t
e
Olympic champions in men's snowboarding
Big air
2018: Sébastien Toutant (CAN)
Giant slalom
1998: Ross Rebagliati (CAN)
Halfpipe
1998: Gian Simmen (SUI)
2002: Ross Powers (USA)
2006: Shaun White (USA)
2010: Shaun White (USA)
2014: Iouri Podladtchikov (SUI)
2018: Shaun White (USA)
Parallel giant slalom
2002: Philipp Schoch (SUI)
2006: Philipp Schoch (SUI)
2010: Jasey-Jay Anderson (CAN)
2014: Vic Wild (RUS)
2018: Nevin Galmarini (SUI)
Parallel slalom
2014: Vic Wild (RUS)
Slopestyle
2014: Sage Kotsenburg (USA)
2018: Red Gerard (USA)
Snowboard cross
2006: Seth Wescott (USA)
2010: Seth Wescott (USA)
2014: Pierre Vaultier (FRA)
2018: Pierre Vaultier (FRA)
[show]
v
t
e
Laureus World Sports Award for Action Sportsperson of the Year winners
2000: Shaun Palmer
2001: Mike Horn
2002: Bob Burnquist
2003: Dean Potter
2004: Layne Beachley
2005: Ellen MacArthur
2006: Angelo d'Arrigo
2007: Kelly Slater
2008: Shaun White
2009: Kelly Slater
2010: Stephanie Gilmore
2011: Kelly Slater
2012: Kelly Slater
2013: Felix Baumgartner
2014: Jamie Bestwick
2015: Alan Eustace
2016: Jan Frodeno
2017: Rachel Atherton
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 227498491
LCCN: n2006021744
GND: 1066276625
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shaun_White&oldid=836275886"
Categories:
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American male snowboarders
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
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Medalists at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in snowboarding
Olympic snowboarders of the United States
Snowboarders at the 2006 Winter Olympics
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Snowboarders at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Snowboarders at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from San Diego
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4 Your Eyez Only World Tour
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
4 Your Eyez Only World Tour
Tour by J. Cole
Promotional poster for the tour
Associated album
4 Your Eyez Only
Start date
June 1, 2017 (2017-06-01)
End date
December 9, 2017 (2017-12-09)
Legs
3
No. of shows
40 in North America
17 in Europe
5 in Oceania
62 in total
J. Cole concert chronology
Dollar & A Dream Tour III: Friday Night Lights
(2015)
4 Your Eyez Only World Tour
(2017)
4 Your Eyez Only World Tour was a concert tour by American rapper J. Cole, in support of his fourth studio album 4 Your Eyez Only (2016).[1] Dreamville artists J.I.D, Ari Lennox and Lute served as opening acts on the first leg of the tour.[2] Singer Anderson .Paak and rapper Bas served as opening acts on the second leg of the tour, along with J.I.D and Ari Lennox.[3] Dreamville artists J.I.D., Ari Lennox and EarthGang served as opening acts on the European leg of the tour.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Opening acts
3 Set list
4 Tour dates
5 References
Background[edit]
To further promote his fourth studio album, 4 Your Eyez Only, Cole announced 4 Your Eyez Only World Tour on February 21, 2017.[1] The tour will include 62 dates across North America, Europe and Australia. The first 13 dates took place in smaller, intimate venues, while the remaining set of dates will take place in arenas. The tour began June 1, 2017 in Columbia, South Carolina and concluded December 9, 2017 in Perth, Australia.[5] A limited edition 4 Your Eyez Only collectors set was made available for pre-order on February 22, 2017 via Dreamville's website, with a shipping and release date of April 28, 2017.[6] The bundle included 4 Your Eyez Only on vinyl, cassette and CD, or you could purchase each individually, the set also included limited artwork and 4 Your Eyez Only tour pre-sale access.[7]
Opening acts[edit]
J.I.D (Leg 1, leg 2, European leg)
Ari Lennox (Leg 1, leg 2, European leg)
Lute (Leg 1)
Anderson .Paak (Leg 2, selected dates)
Bas (Leg 2)
Cozz (performed with Bas during the opening act for majority of Leg 2)
EarthGang (European leg)
Set list[edit]
"For Whom the Bell Tolls"
"Immortal"
"Deja Vu"
"Ville Mentality"
"Change" (with Ari Lennox)
"Lights Please"
"Nobody's Perfect"
"Can't Get Enough"
"Forbidden Fruit"
"Neighbors"
"Foldin Clothes"
"She's Mine, Pt. 2"
"Love Yourz"
"Wet Dreamz"
"A Tale of 2 Citiez"
"G.O.M.D."
"Power Trip"
"No Role Modelz"
"4 Your Eyez Only"
Notes [show]
During the Las Vegas show, Cozz joined Ari Lennox during the opening act to perform "Backseat".[8] Dennis Smith Jr., Statik Selektah, Joey Badass and DJ Mustard also attended the show.[9][10][11]
During the first Inglewood show, EarthGang joined J.I.D during the opening act,[12] Russ also attended the show.[13]
During the second Toronto show, Cozz joined Bas during the opening act,[14] WondaGurl and Michael B. Jordan also attended the show.[15][16]
Colin Kaepernick attended the second Brooklyn show.[17]
Tour dates[edit]
Date
City
Country
Venue
Attendance
Revenue
North America[5]
June 1, 2017 Columbia United States Music Farm — —
June 2, 2017 Jacksonville Maverick's — —
June 3, 2017 Tallahassee Potbelly's — —
June 5, 2017 Jackson Hal and Mal's — —
June 6, 2017 Birmingham Avondale — —
June 7, 2017 Baton Rouge Varsity Theater — —
June 9, 2017 Little Rock Metroplex — —
June 11, 2017 Kansas City Arvest Bank Theatre at The Midland — —
June 13, 2017 St. Louis The Pageant — —
June 14, 2017 Memphis The New Daisy Theatre — —
June 15, 2017 Louisville Mercury Ballroom — —
June 17, 2017 Norfolk Norva Theatre — —
June 18, 2017 Greensboro Cone Denim Entertainment Center — —
July 6, 2017 Phoenix Talking Stick Resort Arena 12,411 / 13,853 $924,354
July 8, 2017 Las Vegas MGM Grand Garden Arena — —
July 9, 2017 Anaheim Honda Center — —
July 11, 2017 Inglewood The Forum — —
July 12, 2017
July 14, 2017[3] Oakland Oracle Arena — —
July 15, 2017
July 17, 2017 Seattle KeyArena 11,417 / 11,417 $921,347
July 19, 2017 Vancouver Canada Rogers Arena — —
July 22, 2017 Saint Paul United States Xcel Energy Center 8,892 / 8,892 $614,762
July 24, 2017 Chicago United Center 12,685 / 14,068 $1,166,321
July 25, 2017 Auburn Hills The Palace of Auburn Hills 8,946 / 12,905 $700,507
July 28, 2017 Toronto Canada Air Canada Centre 26,071 / 30,521 $1,936,090
July 29, 2017
August 1, 2017 New York City United States Barclays Center 26,984 / 26,984 $2,122,600
August 2, 2017
August 4, 2017 Boston TD Garden 12,338 / 12,338 $1,150,575
August 5, 2017 Uniondale Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum 10,544 / 10,544 $775,124
August 6, 2017 Baltimore Royal Farms Arena 8,165 / 13,157 $615,657
August 8, 2017 Washington, D.C. Capital One Arena 12,176 / 15,084 $983,698
August 9, 2017 Charlotte Spectrum Center 12,647 / 15,297 $797,367
August 11, 2017 Duluth Infinite Energy Arena — —
August 14, 2017 Miami American Airlines Arena 12,330 / 12,330 $1,034,901
August 16, 2017 Orlando Amway Center 9,705 / 10,478 $784,733
August 18, 2017 Houston Toyota Center — —
August 19, 2017 Austin Frank Erwin Center — —
August 20, 2017 Dallas American Airlines Center 13,579 / 13,579 $1,051,808
Europe[5]
September 29, 2017 Copenhagen Denmark Tap1 — —
September 30, 2017 Oslo Norway Oslo Spektrum — —
October 1, 2017 Stockholm Sweden Annexet — —
October 3, 2017 Cologne Germany Palladium — —
October 5, 2017 Amsterdam Netherlands Ziggo Dome — —
October 6, 2017 Berlin Germany Columbiahalle — —
October 7, 2017 Offenbach Stadthalle Offenbach — —
October 9, 2017 Zürich Switzerland Samsung Hall — —
October 10, 2017 Paris France Le Zénith Paris - La Villette — —
October 12, 2017 Nottingham England Motorpoint Arena Nottingham — —
October 14, 2017 Birmingham Barclaycard Arena — —
October 15, 2017 London The O2 Arena — —
October 16, 2017
October 18, 2017 Dublin Republic of Ireland 3Arena — —
October 20, 2017 Cardiff Wales Motorpoint Arena Cardiff — —
October 21, 2017 Manchester England Manchester Arena — —
October 22, 2017 Leeds First Direct Arena — —
Oceania[5]
December 1, 2017 Auckland New Zealand Spark Arena — —
December 2, 2017 Brisbane Australia Riverstage — —
December 5, 2017 Sydney Hordern Pavilion — —
December 6, 2017 Melbourne Margaret Court Arena — —
December 9, 2017 Perth HBF Stadium — —
Total
186,479 / 221,447 (100%)
$35,600,000
Cancellations and rescheduled shows
July 18, 2017 Vancouver, Canada Rogers Arena Rescheduled to July 19, 2017[18]
July 21, 2017 Saint Paul, Minnesota Xcel Energy Center Rescheduled to July 22, 2017[18]
July 23, 2017 Auburn Hills, Michigan The Palace of Auburn Hills Rescheduled to July 25, 2017[18]
July 25, 2017 Chicago, Illinois United Center Cancelled[18]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b J. Cole (January 21, 2017). "4 Your Eyez Only Tour. On sale Friday. See you in a few". Twitter. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ibrahim Hamad. "Tomorrow, #4youreyezonlytour let's get it started. First Run with the home team @jidsv @arilennox @lute_west9 @dreamville". Twitter. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Dreamville (June 17, 2017). "It's time to hit them arenas. Catch @JColeNC this summer with @AndersonPaak @Bas @JIDsv @AriLennox". Twitter. Retrieved June 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Dreamville. "The #4YEOTour hits Europe in T-minus 10 days. Pulling up with @JColeNC @JIDsv @AriLennox @EarthGang See you soon". Twitter. Retrieved September 19, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Simmons, Ted (February 21, 2017). "J. Cole Reveals 4 Your Eyez Only Tour Dates". XXL. Retrieved February 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Dreamville (February 22, 2017). "Limited Edition Vinyl & Cassette Available Now! Order for Exclusive access to #4YourEyezOnly Tour Pre-sale Tickets!". Twitter. Retrieved February 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ibrahim Hamad (February 22, 2017). "The Bundle, The Vinyl, or the Cassette order which ever one you want to get a pre sale code @". Twitter. Retrieved February 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Dreamville (July 9, 2017). "When a collab come together like this you gotta hear it live #4YEOTour #Dreamville". Instagram. Retrieved July 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Dreamville (July 10, 2017). "Hometown Heroes #4YEOTour #Dreamville". Instagram. Retrieved July 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Dreamville (July 10, 2017). "Peace to Statik Selektah and Joey Badass pulling up last night in Vegas. #4YEOTour #Dreamville". Instagram. Retrieved July 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Dreamville (July 10, 2017). "Cole World x 10 Summers #4YEOTour #Dreamville". Instagram. Retrieved July 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Dreamville (July 12, 2017). "Gang takeover #4YEOTour #Dreamville". Instagram. Retrieved July 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Russ (July 12, 2017). "THE WARM UP. This is my Tupac. Been a massive fan since 17. Life is lit". Instagram. Retrieved July 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bas (July 29, 2017). "TORONTO 🇨🇦 w/ @cody_macc #4youreyezonlytour 📷: @joshygonz". Instagram. Retrieved July 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ J.I.D (July 29, 2017). "One of my favorite composers 🖤🕊#HastaLuego #TheNeverStory #4youreyezonlytour". Instagram. Retrieved July 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bas (July 30, 2017). "This tour's been hella inspiring. Shouts to @michaelbjordan for stopping by and dropping some gems. Looking forward to the next project champ! #4youreyezonlytour 📷: @anthony_supreme". Instagram. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ P., Milca (August 5, 2017). "Colin Kaepernick Kicks It with J. Cole". HotNewHipHop. Retrieved August 6, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Ibrahim Hamad (July 18, 2017). "Due to the Vancouver show moving to tomorrow, the rest of the shows this week had to be shifted around. Apologies for any inconvenience". Twitter. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
[hide]
v
t
e
J. Cole
Recording discography
Production discography
Studio albums
Cole World: The Sideline Story (2011)
Born Sinner (2013)
2014 Forest Hills Drive (2014)
4 Your Eyez Only (2016)
Live albums
Forest Hills Drive: Live (2016)
Mixtapes
The Come Up (2007)
The Warm Up (2009)
Friday Night Lights (2010)
Singles
"Who Dat"
"Work Out"
"Can't Get Enough"
"Nobody's Perfect"
"Miss America"
"Power Trip"
"Crooked Smile"
"Forbidden Fruit"
"She Knows"
"Apparently"
"G.O.M.D."
"Wet Dreamz"
"No Role Modelz"
"Love Yourz"
"Deja Vu"
"Neighbors"
Featured singles
"Just Begun"
"All I Want Is You"
"A Star Is Born"
"Feel Love"
"Trouble"
"Only Wanna Give It to You"
"Party (Remix)"
"This Time"
"Planes"
"No Sleeep" (Remix)
Other songs
"In the Morning"
"I'm On 2.0"
"Let Nas Down"
"Immortal"
"Change"
Concert tours
4 Your Eyez Only World Tour
Related articles
Dreamville Records
Jay Z
Roc Nation
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