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Jersey Shore (TV series)
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For the sequel series, see Jersey Shore Family Vacation.
Jersey Shore
Genre
Reality
Developed by
SallyAnn Salsano
Starring
Paul DelVecchio
Nicole Polizzi
Michael Sorrentino
Samantha Giancola
Ronnie Ortiz-Magro
Jennifer Farley
Vinny Guadagnino
Angelina Pivarnick
Deena Nicole Cortese
Opening theme
"Get Crazy" by LMFAO
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
6
No. of episodes
71 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
SallyAnn Salsano
Scott Jeffress
Jacquelyn French
Running time
42 minutes
Production company(s)
495 Productions
Release
Original network
MTV
Picture format
480i (SDTV)
Original release
December 3, 2009 (2009-12-03) – December 20, 2012 (2012-12-20)
Chronology
Followed by
Snooki & Jwoww
Jersey Shore Family Vacation
Related shows
The Pauly D Project
The Show with Vinny
Geordie Shore
Floribama Shore
Warsaw Shore
Gandía Shore
Acapulco Shore
Super Shore
External links
Website
Jersey Shore is an American reality television series that ran on MTV from December 3, 2009 to December 20, 2012 in the United States. The series follows the lives of eight housemates who spend their summer together at a vacation home: in Seaside Heights, New Jersey in seasons one, three, five and six, and in South Beach, Florida and Florence, Italy in seasons two and four, respectively.
The show debuted amid controversy regarding its use of the terms "Guido/Guidette", its portrayal of Italian-Americans and allegations of perpetuating stereotypes, as well as scrutiny from locals of the cast who were not residents of the area.[1][2][3][4]
The show became a pop culture phenomenon, with classes and conferences at universities about the show, and journalists listing it as one of the most notable shows of the time. The Shore franchise spawned several international adaptations in other countries. Four of the Jersey Shore cast members received spin-off shows on MTV, with the most successful being Snooki & JWOWW. Most of the cast would go on to appear in other reality programs or receive their own shows on various networks.
On August 12, 2017, it was announced that the cast (with the exception of Ortiz-Magro, Cortese and Guadagnino) would reunite for a one-off television special not produced by 495 Productions called Reunion Road Trip: Return to the Jersey Shore, which premiered on E! on August 20, 2017.[5][6] On November 27, 2017, MTV announced that the cast (with the exception of Giancola) would be reuniting in Miami, Florida for a new reunion series titled Jersey Shore Family Vacation.[7] The series is set to premiere globally on April 5, 2018. According to MTV, it is considered a new series and not the seventh season of the original show.[8][9]
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
2 Cast
3 Production history
3.1 Jersey Shore house
4 Media and merchandise
4.1 DVD releases
4.2 Soundtrack and literature
4.3 Other merchandise and appearances
5 Controversy and criticism
5.1 Governor Christie and the series' portrayal of New Jersey
6 Reception
6.1 Ratings
6.2 Cast spin-offs
6.3 Other iterations
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Overview
Main article: List of Jersey Shore episodes
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
1 9 December 3, 2009 (2009-12-03) January 21, 2010 (2010-01-21)
2 13 July 29, 2010 (2010-07-29) October 21, 2010 (2010-10-21)
3 13 January 6, 2011 (2011-01-06) March 24, 2011 (2011-03-24)
4 12 August 4, 2011 (2011-08-04) October 20, 2011 (2011-10-20)
5 11 January 5, 2012 (2012-01-05) March 15, 2012 (2012-03-15)
6 13 October 4, 2012 (2012-10-04) December 20, 2012 (2012-12-20)
Cast
Name[10]
Hometown[10]
Ethnicity[10]
Biography
Deena Nicole Cortese[11]
Seasons 3-6 New Egypt, New Jersey Italian American Cortese, a longtime friend of Polizzi,[11] had originally auditioned for season 1 and been rejected.[12] She eventually joins the cast starting in season 3.[11] She describes herself as a "blast in a glass".
Paul DelVecchio[13]
"Pauly D" Johnston, Rhode Island Italian American DelVecchio is a disc jockey from Johnston, Rhode Island outside of Providence. He strikes up a brief romance with fellow castmate Farley but the relationship does not progress.[14][15] DelVecchio was nominated for the 2010 "America's Best DJ" competition.[16]
Jennifer Farley[17]
"JWoww" Franklin Square, New York Irish-Spanish American Farley is a graphic designer and club promoter from Franklin Square, New York. During the casting process, she stated, "I thought the guys would be enormous and really mean, and I thought the girls would be catty and overdone."[18] She enters the shore house with a steady relationship at home but cheats on her boyfriend with castmate DelVecchio and ends her relationship in season 3 episode 4 for different reasons.[14][17] Farley has had breast augmentation surgery, which she got as a birthday present to herself just before turning 21.[19]
Samantha Giancola[20]
"Sammi Sweetheart"
Hazlet, New Jersey Italian-Greek American Giancola is from Hazlet, New Jersey and is recently single at the start of the series. She attended William Paterson University and was a midfielder on the women's soccer team.[21] Giancola ultimately strikes up a relationship with fellow castmate Ortiz-Magro in season 1 episode 3.[14][22]
Vinny Guadagnino[23] Staten Island, New York Italian American 21-year-old Guadagnino comes from a traditional Italian American family in Staten Island.[24][25] A graduate of the State University of New York at New Paltz who had plans to attend law school if acting did not work out. Guadagnino applied after a friend sent him an application asking for "the orangest, most muscley, spiky-haired people", which Guadagnino filled out "as a joke". Describing first meeting his castmates, he says, "I see Pauly and his spiky hair and his whole guido look. Great, they found the most stereotypical kid. Then Snooki seems like a train wreck. But you realize we're all starting this crazy new adventure."[18][26]
Ronnie Ortiz-Magro[27][28][29] Bronx, New York Italian-Puerto Rican American Ortiz-Magro is from The Bronx in New York City. He strikes up a relationship with castmate Giancola.[14][30]
Angelina Pivarnick[23]
Seasons 1 & 2 Staten Island, New York Polish-Italian American Pivarnick is a New York City bartender. She starts out the season with a serious relationship at home, but the two break up in episode 3, which indirectly leads to her eviction from the shore house after refusing to work her shift in the T-shirt shop.[14][31] Pivarnick again departed the house during Season 2, after violent confrontations with Mike and Nicole. She did not return for Season 3. She calls herself the "Kim Kardashian of Staten Island", but is mocked by other cast members as the "Staten Island dump" or the "Rob Kardashian of Staten Island". Pivarnick made brief cameos during Seasons 5 & 6.
Nicole Polizzi[32]
"Snooki"
Marlboro, New York Chilean (adopted by Italian-American parents) Polizzi is from Marlboro, New York, and is an aspiring veterinary technician. She applied to an ad on Facebook that said "Calling all guidos and guidettes," which Polizzi said, "was definitely about my lifestyle."[18] Polizzi earned the nickname "Snooki" in middle school after being the first of her friends to "make out" with a boy. She became the center of controversy when a man punched her in her face during a bar confrontation. Polizzi was arrested by Seaside police on July 30, 2010 on public intoxication charges, which were later dropped.[33][34] She previously suffered from an eating disorder in high school.[35][36]
Michael Sorrentino[37]
"The Situation" Staten Island, New York Italian American Sorrentino, an assistant manager of a fitness center in Staten Island, develops an attraction towards Giancola, which does not come into fruition when she becomes interested in fellow castmate Ortiz-Magro.[38] Sorrentino worked as an exotic dancer in 2004.[39] In the 2010 season of Dancing with the Stars, he partnered with Karina Smirnoff, but was eliminated in week 4.[40][41] He also appeared on the British television show Celebrity Big Brother in August 2012.[42]
Production history
VH1 producer Anthony Beltempo proposed the idea of a show focusing on the "guido" lifestyle for TV, in the form of a competition series. Executive producer SallyAnn Salsano, who previously worked on A Shot at Love with Tila Tequila, devised a new concept, inspired by her own summers in a Jersey summer shore house, and retained casting director Doron Ofir to find the cast. MTV Networks President Van Toffler felt that the series "loud, young, bold" style was better suited to MTV's sensibilities than VH1, and MTV programming executive Tony DiSanto felt that "[After The Hills], it was time to go for a more authentic approach, like a documentary." Van Toffler described the casting process by saying they looked for "candor, honesty, boldness and a very combustible, chaotic mess. You could honestly say none of these people were traditionally beautiful."[18]
Paul "DJ Pauly D" DelVecchio and Mike "The Situation" Sorrentino during shooting in Florence, Italy in May 2011.
The series follows the lives of eight housemates spending their summer in a summer share in Seaside Heights, New Jersey, known as The Jersey Shore House. Season 1 followed cast members Angelina Pivarnick, Jennifer Farley, Michael Sorrentino, Nicole Polizzi, Paul DelVecchio, Ronald Ortiz-Magro, Samantha Giancola, and Vincenzo Guadagnino at the Jersey Shore. Jersey Shore premiered on December 3, 2009, with back-to-back episodes, averaging 1.375 million viewers.[43] Although the initial ratings were considered unimpressive to Salsano, they slowly grew in popularity, and was the subject of parody on Saturday Night Live after the third week, a turnaround that MTV executive Tony DiSanto calls "the fastest 0 to 60 I've ever seen on a show".[18] Season 1 posted strong growth every week and ranked #1 in its time period versus all cable competition among P12–34 (people 12 to 34 years old) during the first quarter of 2010, with a season high 2.6 rating for the finale.[44] The season 1 finale audience, 4.8 million, was more than triple that of the premiere, an increase of more than 3.4 million, and was MTV’s highest rated original series telecast in almost two years.[44] Overall, the season 1 averaged 2.7 million viewers.[45]
In an article in Rolling Stone, it was mentioned that the house had 35 remote-controlled cameras in fixed locations, 12 hand-held ones, one IMX camera and six DV cameras.[46] Nicole Polizzi said that:
They have cameras everywhere, all the time... You're always being watched. You kind of get a little paranoid, because you're like, 'Who's watching me?'... It's trippy. it messes with your head. But that's why we go crazy. That's why we fight with each other. That's why we drink. We're living in a house for two months with that shit. We can't have cellphones, TV, radio or internet... There's no normalcy. It's like a prison, with cameras. The only time we're not on camera is when we're in the shower, and that's why we all take three-hour showers, just to get away from it all.[46]
After Season 1, the cast negotiated pay raises, though both they and DiSanto explained that it was not contentious, and was given undue weight by the press. Rather than wait until the next New Jersey summer for Season 2, the production moved to Miami.[18]
In January 2010, MTV announced that a second season consisting of 12 episodes had been ordered and would air that summer.[47][48][49] It would follow all of the first-season cast as they avoided the cold northeast winter[47][48] by relocating to the South Beach, Florida. In May 2010 the cast relocated back to the Jersey Shore for the rest of filming, but it was later determined that the production company had enough footage from the Miami shoot to fill the entire second season,[50] and that the footage to be shot at the Jersey Shore would be used for a third season.[51] The second season premiered on July 29, 2010,[51] averaging 5.252 million viewers.[52] Season 2 was the #1 television series in the P12-34 demographic for the summer of 2010 across all TV and has also posted continued growth every week.[53]
On July 20, 2010, MTV announced that the cast would return for a third season,[54][55][56] with the exception of Pivarnick.[57] Season 3 returned to the original Jersey Shore summer setting,[54][55] and replaced Angelina with Deena Nicole Cortese, a longtime friend of Polizzi.[58] The season's January 6, 2011 premiere was viewed by a record 8.45 million viewers, making it MTV's most viewed series telecast ever.[59][60] The second episode of the season once again set a series and MTV high at the time, with 8.56 million viewers,[61] only to set another record with the airing of the fourth episode, which garnered 8.87 million viewers.[62]
On January 25, 2011, it was confirmed that the show had been renewed for a fourth season, to be filmed in Italy during the first half of 2011.[63][64] The fourth season premiered August 4, 2011.[64] MTV confirmed in June 2011 that the fifth season would return to Seaside Heights.[65]
Believed complications caused by Nicole Polizzi's pregnancy, and several cast members (including Polizzi, DelVecchio, and Farley) receiving spin-offs sparked talk about the future of the series past the fifth season, however on March 19, 2012, MTV officially confirmed that the series would return for a sixth season, with all cast members returning. Filming for the sixth season took place in mid-2012, and featured Polizzi nearly eight months pregnant. MTV said in a statement, "While things will definitely be a little different this time when they hit the boardwalk, their trademark hilarity and family dysfunction will remain the same".[66]
Jersey Shore house
Jersey Shore House
Location within New Jersey
General information
Type
House
Location
1209 Ocean Terrace, Seaside Heights, New Jersey, 08751
Coordinates
39°56′44″N 74°04′12″W / 39.9455°N 74.0701°W / 39.9455; -74.0701Coordinates: 39°56′44″N 74°04′12″W / 39.9455°N 74.0701°W / 39.9455; -74.0701
Governing body
Private
Technical details
Size
1,896 square feet (176.1 m2)
The Jersey Shore house is the name given to the house used on MTV show Jersey Shore. Located in Seaside Heights, the house was used during the first season, starting on December 3, 2009, and was used on the show in four out of the six seasons, the exceptions being season 2 (Miami Beach, Florida) and season 4 (Florence, Italy). Since the show's cancellation, the house is currently being rented out for days at a time.[67]
The house was characterized by its unique decor and the hot tub. During the filming of Jersey Shore, the house was decorated with Scarface posters and Cadillac symbols and wheels. The house is also home to the duck phone, a home telephone in the form of a mallard duck.[68] All of the furniture that is seen on the show was brought in by MTV, including the hot tub, for which they needed a permit from Seaside Heights when filming.[69]
When filming season three onward, the home was equipped with 35 remote-controlled cameras in fixed locations throughout the home and the camera crew consisted of twelve handheld cameras, one IMX Camera, and six DV Cameras.[70]
Media and merchandise
DVD releases
On February 23, 2010, Amazon.com and MTV teamed up to release Jersey Shore on DVD.[71] The title theme, "Get Crazy" by LMFAO has been changed.[citation needed] Other songs have been changed since their original air date as well.[citation needed] A retail release by Paramount Home Entertainment with added commentary was released on July 20.[72] Although it is claimed the DVDs are uncensored, the video and some audio is still censored.[73] The DVD also includes special features include deleted scenes, the reunion special, "Tips From The Situation and Snooki", "Before the Shore", and the "Jersey Shore Makeover with Michael Cera", amongst others.[74] On December 28, 2010 the Season 2 Uncensored DVD was released. On July 26, 2011 the Season 3 Uncensored DVD was released. On December 27, 2011 the Season 4 Uncensored DVD was released. On August 28, 2012 the Season 5 Uncensored DVD was released.
Soundtrack and literature
A soundtrack to the series was released as Jersey Shore Soundtrack by MTV and Universal Republic on July 20, 2010.[75][76] Aimed to create the perfect summer playlist, the album features songs from a variety of artists including Enrique Iglesias, Pitbull, Taio Cruz, Ludacris, Lil Jon, 3OH!3, David Guetta, Fergie, Chris Willis, Girlicious and LMFAO as well as DJs like Deadmau5, Steve Aoki, Tiësto, Diplo, Paul Oakenfold and Delvecchio.[76] A deluxe edition of the album was also released containing a bonus CD featuring songs inspired from the first season of the show, like LMFAO's "Get Crazy".[75] The first single off the album was Enrique Iglesias' "I Like It",[75] whose video also featured the Jersey Shore cast.[77] In September 2010, Matthew Wilkening of AOL Radio ranked Delvecchio's rap song off the soundtrack, "(It's Time to) Beat Dat Beat", as the #1 Worst Song Ever on the list of the 100 Worst Songs Ever; as a bonus, Wilkening used Delvecchio's quote as the reason for the #1 list: "Being a guido's a way of life. I don't represent all Italians, I represent myself. I started this whole GTL shit (Gym, Tan, Laundry). You have to stay fresh to death."[78]
Enrique Iglesias - "I Like It" (feat. Pitbull)
Taio Cruz - "Break Your Heart" (Mixin Marc and Tony Svejda Edit) (feat. Ludacris)
L.M.F.A.O. - "Get Crazy"
Lil Jon - "Hey" (feat. 3OH!3)
Deadmau5 - "Ghosts N Stuff" (feat. Rob Swire)
David Guetta & Chris Willis - "Gettin' Over You" (feat. Fergie & L.M.F.A.O.)
Steve Aoki - "I'm In The House" (feat. Zuper Blahq)
Tiësto vs. Diplo - "Come On"
Paul Oakenfold - "Pump It Up"
Richard Vission & Static Revenger starring Luciana - "I Like That"
Kid Sister - "Look Out Weekend" (feat. Nina Sky)
Girlicious - "Drank"
Lil Jon - "Work It Out" (feat. Pitbull)
Midi Mafia - "Last Call"
Die Atzen - "Disco Pogo"
DJ Pauly D - "Beat Dat Beat (It's Time To)" Featuring Jaylyn Ducati
A quote book titled Gym, Tanning, Laundry: The Official Jersey Shore Quote Book (ISBN 978-1-4391-9682-3) was released by MTV on June 15, 2010.[79] The book also includes a bonus DVD with the most memorable moments from season one of the show.[80] A sticker book titled Jersey Shore Sticker Activity Book (ISBN 0-7666-3904-5) was also released on the same date,[81] as well as a 2011 wall calendar (ISBN 0-7407-9797-2) by Andrews McMeel Publishing.[82]
Other merchandise and appearances
Other merchandise relating to the show have also been released, including talking bobblehead dolls of the cast,[83] a beach game set,[84] Halloween costumes,[85] a "Gym Tanning Laundry (GTL)" labeled sports bottle,[86] "The Situation - Official App" for iPhone,[87] as well as various T-shirts.[88]
The cast of Jersey Shore appeared on the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards on September 12, 2010.[89] Nicole Polizzi appeared on TLC's Cake Boss episode "Snookie, Super Anthony & a Ship" on November 8, 2010, in which she orders a cake for her mom. Polizzi also appeared on the March 14, 2011 edition of WWE Raw as the guest host and she wrestled a professional wrestling match on April 4, 2011 at WrestleMania XXVII.[90] Jennifer Farley and Angelina Pivarnick appeared on various episodes of TNA Impact in 2011.[91][92] The cast of Jersey Shore appears on MTV's Season 4 of Disaster Date, starring Jen Lilley, Lauren Zima, Cale Hartmann, Jason Karasev, Russell Pitts, Hasan Minhaj, Diarra Kilpatrick, and Kara Luiz.[93] Angelina Pivarnick appeared in the show NY Ink in which she got a tattoo that shows her time in Jersey Shore.
Controversy and criticism
Main article: Controversy and criticism of Jersey Shore
University of Chicago and the University of Oklahoma are among the educational institutions that have had classes or conferences about the show.[94][95][96] In 2010, the cast of Jersey Shore were named on Barbara Walters' 10 Most Fascinating People list,[95] and the series has since been exported to dozens of countries worldwide.[54]
In 2010, MTV received criticism from Italian American organizations for the way in which they marketed the show, as it liberally used the word Guido to describe the cast members.[97] The term "guido" is generally regarded as an ethnic slur when referring to Italians and Italian Americans. One promotion stated that the show was to follow, "eight of the hottest, tannest, craziest Guidos",[98] while yet another advertisement stated, "[the show] exposes one of the tri-state area's most misunderstood species ... the GUIDO. Yes, they really do exist! Our Guidos and Guidettes will move into the ultimate beach house rental and indulge in everything the Seaside Heights, New Jersey scene has to offer."[99]
Cast members Snooki and JWoww are not ethnically Italian. Snooki is Chilean, but was adopted as an infant by Italian American parents. Jwoww is of Irish and Spanish descent.[100] Ronnie, Sammi, and Angelina are only of partial Italian descent: Ronnie is part Puerto Rican, Sammi is part Greek, and Angelina is part Polish.[citation needed]
Prior to the series debut, UNICO National formally requested that MTV cancel the show.[101] In a letter to the network, UNICO called the show a "... direct, deliberate and disgraceful attack on Italian Americans ..."[102] UNICO National President Andre DiMino said in a statement "MTV has festooned the 'bordello-like' house set with Italian flags and green, white and red maps of New Jersey while every other cutaway shot is of Italian signs and symbols. They are blatantly as well as subliminally bashing Italian-Americans with every technique possible ..."[103] Around this time, other Italian-American organizations joined the fight, including the National Italian American Foundation,[104] the Order Sons of Italy in America and the internet watch-dog ItalianAware.[105][106]
MTV responded to the controversy by issuing a press release which stated in part, "the Italian-American cast takes pride in their ethnicity. We understand that this show is not intended for every audience and depicts just one aspect of youth culture."[97] Since the calls for the show's removal, several sponsors have requested that their ads not be aired during the show. These sponsors include Dell, Domino's and American Family Insurance.[107]
Governor Christie and the series' portrayal of New Jersey
In a February 2010 interview, New Jersey Governor Chris Christie called the show "negative for New Jersey" because most of the cast members are not from the state. According to Christie, the program "takes a bunch of New Yorkers and drops them at the Jersey Shore and tries to make America feel like this is the real New Jersey". Governor Christie took action against the series by trying to encourage people to experience the real Jersey Shore for themselves rather than watch it through MTV: "I can tell people: They want to know what New Jersey really is? I welcome them to come to New Jersey any time."[108] A Fairleigh Dickinson University PublicMind poll released in February 2010 showed that 59% of Americans who had seen the show had a favorable view of New Jersey compared to only 44% of those that had not seen the show.[109] The FDU poll repeated the national telephone survey in 2011 and showed similar results.[110] Consequently, poll director Peter Woolley concluded that "These measures ... suggest the show isn't hurting the nation's view of the state. In fact, it may be promoting one of the state's best features—not Snooki, but the shore itself."[111]
Nonetheless, in September 2011, Governor Christie vetoed a $420,000 tax incentive awarded to the show by the New Jersey Economic Development Authority, stating: "As chief executive, I am duty-bound to ensure that taxpayers are not footing a $420,000 bill for a project which does nothing more than perpetuate misconceptions about the state and its citizens."[112]
Reception
Ratings
Season
Timeslot (ET)
No of Episodes
Premiere
Finale
TV season
Date
Viewers
(in million)
Date
Viewers
(in million)
1
Thursday 10:00 pm
9
December 3, 2009
1.38[43]
January 21, 2010
4.83[113]
2009–10
2
13
July 29, 2010
5.25[52]
October 21, 2010
6.07[114]
2010
3
13
January 6, 2011
8.45[59]
March 24, 2011
7.61[115]
2011
4
12
August 4, 2011
8.78[116]
October 20, 2011
6.63[117]
5
11
January 5, 2012
7.60[118]
March 15, 2012
4.99[119]
2012
6
13
October 4, 2012
4.69[120]
December 20, 2012
3.13[121]
Cast spin-offs
On April 7, 2011, MTV announced it had picked up two spin-off shows featuring cast members Nicole, Jenny and Pauly, picking up twelve episodes of each show. One show focuses on Nicole and Jenny living together in their own apartment and is titled Snooki & JWoww.[122][123] The other show follows Pauly jet-setting around the country for various DJ gigs and is titled The Pauly D Project. Filming for both shows started at the end of 2011 and premiered in 2012. SallyAnn Salsano of 495 Productions (Jersey Shore) is the executive producer of both spin-offs.[122] The Pauly D Project was cancelled after one season.
Other iterations
Eight official similar iterations have been made, including two in the United Kingdom, one in Spain, one in Russia, one in Poland, and one in Mexico. An international crossover, MTV Super Shore, was co-produced by MTV South Europe and MTV Latin America.[124]
Title
Location
Original Channel
Premiere date
# of Seasons
Ref
Каникулы в Мексике Mexico MTV Russia/Pyatnica! October 1, 2010 3
Geordie Shore Newcastle, England MTV UK May 24, 2011 16 [125]
Gandía Shore Gandia, Valencian Community MTV Spain October 14, 2012 1 [126]
Warsaw Shore: Ekipa z Warszawy Warsaw, Poland MTV Poland November 10, 2013 9 [127]
Acapulco Shore
Acapulco, Mexico MTV Latin America September 27, 2014 5 [128]
Super Shore Various locations in the Mediterranean MTV Spain & MTV Latin America February 2, 2016 3 [124]
Super Shore Ouvre-toi Paris, France MTV France August 28, 2017 1 [129]
Kongerne Marielyst Kanal 5 Denmark Fall 2011 6
Floribama Shore Panama City Beach, Florida MTV November 27, 2017 2 [130]
Numerous pilots were planned by various unrelated production companies focused on groups of friends in other locations or of specific ethnicities. Few made it to series.
See also
New Jersey portal
Television portal
References
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^ Jump up to: a b Erik Hedegaard (March 17, 2011). "Snooki!". Rolling Stone.
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^ Jump up to: a b "`Jersey Shore' to return for 2nd season". Associated Press. January 30, 2010. Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved January 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ Finn, Natalie (January 29, 2010). "Jersey Shore Cast Signs On for Season Two!". E!. Retrieved January 30, 2010.
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^ Jump up to: a b "Second Season of Jersey Shore to Shoot in South Beach". www.movieline.com. Retrieved February 11, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "Thursday Cable: Jersey Shore on Top + Burn Notice, Futurama, Project Runway & More". TVbytheNumbers.com. July 30, 2010. Retrieved July 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (September 1, 2010). "Ratings Juggernaut 'Jersey Shore' Helps MTV to Best Summer Ratings in Three Years". TVbytheNumbers.com. Retrieved September 8, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c Stelter, Brian (July 22, 2010). "Jersey Shore' a Go". The New York Times. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b MTV News Staff (July 20, 2010). "Jersey Shore' Cast Returning For Season Three". MTV. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
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Jump up ^ "EXCLUSIVE poolside chat with Jersey Shore's Angelina". Cfnews13.com. August 27, 2010. Retrieved November 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "'Jersey Shore' Adds Deena Nicole Cortese To The Cast". Retrieved August 6, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Gorman, Bill (January 7, 2011). "'Jersey Shore' Season Premiere Draws 8.45 Million Viewers; 4.2 Adults 18-49 Rating". TVbytheNumbers.com. Retrieved January 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ "'Jersey Shore' Season 3 premiere sets ratings record for MTV". USA Today. January 7, 2011. Retrieved January 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (January 14, 2011). "Thursday Cable Ratings: Snooki Rules, Shonda Drools + 'Real Housewives,' More 'Scared Straight,' + NBA". Tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. Retrieved January 15, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (January 21, 2011). "Thursday Cable Ratings: 'Jersey Shore' Keeps Rising; 'Royal Pains,' 'Fairly Legal' Premieres; 'Real Housewives' Finale & More". Tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. Retrieved January 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ Kit, Zorianna (January 25, 2011). "Jersey Shore to shoot Season 4 in Italy". Reuters. Retrieved January 25, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "MTV GREENLIGHTS SEASON FOUR OF ITS RECORD-BREAKING SERIES "Jersey Shore"". MTV (Press release). MTV via tvbythenumbers.com. January 25, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ Thompson, Brian. "MTV's "Jersey Shore" Crew Returns to NJ for 5th Season". NBC. June 6, 2011
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Jump up ^ jersey-shore-house-rental
Jump up ^ 'Jersey Shore' house, duck phone and all, yours for $3,500 a night | NJ.com
Jump up ^ Jersey Shore Tour Show on YouTube
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^ Jump up to: a b c Montgomery, James (May 3, 2010). "'Jersey Shore' Soundtrack Due July 20". MTV. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Montgomery, James (July 13, 2010). "Jersey Shore Soundtrack -- Hear It Now On 'The Leak'!". MTV. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
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Jump up ^ "Jersey Shore Sticker Activity Book". MTV. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Jersey Shore: 2011 Wall Calendar". MTV. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
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Jump up ^ "Officially licensed Jersey Shore Halloween costumes".
Jump up ^ "Jersey Shore: Gym Tanning Laundry (GTL) Sports Bottle". MTV. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
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Jump up ^ "Thursday Cable Ratings: 'Jersey Shore' Rises & 'Burn Notice,' 'Suits,' 'Project Runway' Rise Too + 'Wilfred,' 'Futurama,' 'Louie' & More - Ratings | TVbytheNumbers". Tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. October 21, 2011. Retrieved August 28, 2012.
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Jump up ^ Thursday Cable Ratings: Football Wins Night, ‘Jersey Shore’, ‘Project Runway’, ‘Beyond Scared Straight’, ‘Daily Show’, ‘Texas Car Wars’ & More - Ratings | TVbytheNumbers Archived June 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ [2]
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Jump up ^ "PHOTOS: Snooki, JWoww move into old Jersey City firehouse for 'Jersey Shore' spinoff". NJ.com. February 26, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "MTV Super Shore" (in Spanish). MTV Spain. Retrieved August 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Jersey Shore v Geordie Shore". BBC. February 4, 2011. Retrieved May 11, 2011.
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Jump up ^ "Siłka, opalanie, pralnia... w Warszawie!" [Gym, tan, laundry... in Warsaw!] (in Polish). MTV Poland. Archived from the original on August 25, 2013. Retrieved August 22, 2013.
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Jump up ^ [3]
Jump up ^ MTV Floribama Shore
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Law of multiple proportions
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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In chemistry, the law of multiple proportions is one of the basic laws of stoichiometry used to establish the atomic theory, alongside the law of conservation of mass (matter) and the law of definite proportions. It is sometimes called Dalton's Law after its discoverer, the British chemist John Dalton,[1][2] who published it in the first part of the first volume of his "New System of Chemical Philosophy" (1803).[3] Here is the statement of the law:
If two elements form more than one compound between them, then the ratios of the masses of the second element which combine with a fixed mass of the first element will be ratios of small whole numbers.[2]
For example, Dalton knew that the element carbon forms two oxides by combining with oxygen in different proportions. A fixed mass of carbon, say 100 grams, may react with 133 grams of oxygen to produce one oxide, or with 266 grams of oxygen to produce the other. The ratio of the masses of oxygen that can react with 100 grams of carbon is 266:133 = 2:1, a ratio of small whole numbers.[4] Dalton interpreted this result in his atomic theory by proposing (correctly in this case) that the two oxides have one and two oxygen atoms respectively for each carbon atom. In modern notation the first is CO (carbon monoxide) and the second is CO2 (carbon dioxide).
John Dalton first expressed this observation in 1804.[5] A few years previously, the French chemist Joseph Proust had proposed the law of definite proportions, which expressed that the elements combined to form compounds in certain well-defined proportions, rather than mixing in just any proportion; and Antoine Lavoisier proved the law of conservation of mass, which helped out Dalton. Careful study of the actual numerical values of these proportions led Dalton to propose his law of multiple proportions. This was an important step toward the atomic theory that he would propose later that year, and it laid the basis for chemical formulas for compounds.
Another example of the law can be seen by comparing ethane (C2H6) with propane (C3H8). The weight of hydrogen which combines with 1 g carbon is 0.252 g in ethane and 0.224 g in propane. The ratio of those weights is 1.125, which can be expressed as the ratio of two small numbers 9:8.
Limitations[edit]
The law of multiple proportions is best demonstrated using simple compounds. For example, if one tried to demonstrate it using the hydrocarbons decane (chemical formula C10H22) and undecane (C11H24), one would find that 100 grams of carbon could react with 18.46 grams of hydrogen to produce decane or with 18.31 grams of hydrogen to produce undecane, for a ratio of hydrogen masses of 121:120, which is hardly a ratio of "small" whole numbers.
The law fails with non-stoichiometric compounds and also doesn't work well with polymers and oligomers.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Helmenstine, Anne. "Law of Multiple Proportions Problem". 1. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "law of multiple proportions definition". groups.molbiosci.northwestern.edu. Retrieved 2017-10-26.
Jump up ^ Elements and Atoms: Chapter 7 Atoms of Definite Weight: Dalton from Classic Chemistry (Selected Classic Papers from the History of Chemistry) compiled by Carmen Giunta
Jump up ^ Petrucci R.H., Harwood R.S. and Herring F.G. General Chemistry (8th ed., Prentice Hall 2002) p.37 ISBN 0-13-014329-4
Jump up ^ "law of multiple proportions | chemistry". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2017-10-26.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Law_of_multiple_proportions&oldid=807146563"
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