text:
2012 Summer Olympics
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"London 2012" redirects here. For the video game, see London 2012 (video game). For the Summer Paralympics, see 2012 Summer Paralympics.
Games of the XXX Olympiad
Host city
London, United Kingdom
Motto
Inspire a Generation
Nations participating
204
Athletes participating
10,768
(5,992 men, 4,776 women)
Events
302 in 26 sports
Opening ceremony
27 July
Closing ceremony
12 August
Officially opened by
Queen Elizabeth II
Athlete's Oath
Sarah Stevenson
Judge's Oath
Mik Basi
Coach's Oath
Eric Farrell
Olympic Torch
Stadium
Olympic Stadium
Summer
< Beijing 2008
Rio de Janeiro 2016 >
Winter
< Vancouver 2010
Sochi 2014 >
Part of a series on
2012 Summer Olympics
Bid process (bid details, legacy)
Development (venues, torch relay, security)
Marketing (mascots)
Broadcasters
Opening ceremony (flag bearers)
Chronological summary
Medal table (medallists)
World and Olympic records
Concerns and controversies (minute of silence)
Closing ceremony (flag bearers)
Paralympics
IOC
BOA
LOCOG
v
t
e
The 2012 Summer Olympics, formally the Games of the XXX Olympiad[1] and commonly known as London 2012, was an international multi-sport event that was held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London, United Kingdom. The first event, the group stage in women's football, began on 25 July at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, followed by the opening ceremonies on 27 July.[2][3] 10,768 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated.[4]
Following a bid headed by former Olympic champion Sebastian Coe and then-Mayor of London Ken Livingstone, London was selected as the host city on 6 July 2005 during the 117th IOC Session in Singapore, defeating bids from Moscow, New York City, Madrid, and Paris.[5] London became the first city to host the modern Olympic Games three times,[6][7] having previously done so in 1908 and in 1948.[8][9] The Prime Minister of the presiding country at the time was David Cameron, and the minister with delegated responsibility for the games in London was Jeremy Hunt, at the time serving as Olympics Minister.[citation needed]
Construction for the Games involved considerable redevelopment, with an emphasis on sustainability.[10] The main focus was a new 200-hectare (490-acre) Olympic Park, constructed on a former industrial site at Stratford, East London.[11] The Games also made use of venues that already existed before the bid.[12]
The Games received widespread acclaim for their organisation, with the volunteers, the British military and public enthusiasm praised particularly highly.[13][14][15] The opening ceremony, directed by Danny Boyle, received widespread acclaim throughout the world, particular praise from the British public and a minority of widely ranging criticisms from some social media sites.[16][17] During the Games, Michael Phelps became the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time, winning his 22nd medal.[18] Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Brunei entered female athletes for the first time, so that every currently eligible country has sent a female competitor to at least one Olympic Games.[19] Women's boxing was included for the first time, thus the Games became the first at which every sport had female competitors.[20][21][22] These were the final Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Jacques Rogge.
The final medal tally was led by the United States, followed by China and host Great Britain. Several world and Olympic records were set at the games. Though there were several controversies, the 2012 games were deemed highly successful with the rising standards of competition amongst nations across the world, packed stadiums and smooth organisation. Furthermore, the focus on sporting legacy and post-games venue sustainability was seen as a blueprint for future Olympics.
Contents
1 Bidding process
2 Development and preparation
2.1 Venues
2.2 Public transport
2.3 International transport
2.4 Cost and financing
2.5 Volunteers
2.6 Ticketing
2.7 Countdown
2.8 Security
2.9 Medals
2.10 Torch relay
2.11 Environmental policy
2.12 Cultural Olympiad
2.13 Opening ceremony
2.14 Closing ceremony
3 The Games
3.1 Participating National Olympic Committees
3.1.1 Number of athletes by National Olympic Committees (by highest to lowest)
3.1.2 National houses
3.2 Sports
3.3 Calendar
3.4 Records
3.5 Medal table
4 Broadcasting
5 Marketing
5.1 Motto
5.2 Logo and graphics
5.3 Mascots
5.4 Chariots of Fire
5.5 Sponsors
6 Controversies
7 Drug testing
8 See also
9 Further reading
10 References
10.1 Book references
11 External links
Bidding process[edit]
Main article: Bids for the 2012 Summer Olympics
By 15 July 2003, the deadline for interested cities to submit bids to the International Olympic Committee (IOC), nine cities had submitted bids to host the 2012 Summer Olympics: Havana, Istanbul, Leipzig, London, Madrid, Moscow, New York City, Paris, and Rio de Janeiro.[23] On 18 May 2004, as a result of a scored technical evaluation, the IOC reduced the number of cities to five: London, Madrid, Moscow, New York and Paris.[24] All five submitted their candidate files by 19 November 2004 and were visited by the IOC inspection team during February and March 2005. The Paris bid suffered two setbacks during the IOC inspection visit: a number of strikes and demonstrations coinciding with the visits, and a report that a key member of the bid team, Guy Drut, would face charges over alleged corrupt party political finances.[25]
Lord Coe – the head of London 2012
Throughout the process, Paris was widely seen as the favourite, particularly as this was its third bid in recent years. London was initially seen as lagging behind Paris by a considerable margin. Its position began to improve after the appointment of Lord Coe as the new head of London 2012 on 19 May 2004.[26] In late August 2004, reports predicted a tie between London and Paris.[27]
On 6 June 2005, the IOC released its evaluation reports for the five candidate cities. They did not contain any scores or rankings, but the report for Paris was considered the most positive. London was close behind, having closed most of the gap observed by the initial evaluation in 2004. New York and Madrid also received very positive evaluations.[28] On 1 July 2005, when asked who would win, Jacques Rogge said, "I cannot predict it since I don't know how the IOC members will vote. But my gut feeling tells me that it will be very close. Perhaps it will come down to a difference of say ten votes, or maybe less."[29]
On 6 July 2005, the final selection was announced at the 117th IOC Session in Singapore. Moscow was the first city to be eliminated, followed by New York and Madrid. The final two contenders were London and Paris. At the end of the fourth round of voting, London won the right to host the 2012 Games with 54 votes to Paris' 50.[30] The celebrations in London were short-lived, being overshadowed by bombings on London's transport system less than 24 hours after the announcement.[31]
2012 host city election – ballot results
City
NOC
Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4
London Great Britain 22 27 39 54
Paris France 21 25 33 50
Madrid Spain 20 32 31 —
New York City United States 19 17 — —
Moscow Russia 15 — — —
Development and preparation[edit]
Main article: 2012 Summer Olympic development
The London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games (LOCOG) was created to oversee the staging of the Games after the success of the bid, and held its first board meeting on 3 October 2005.[32] The committee, chaired by Lord Coe, was in charge of implementing and staging the Games, while the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) was in charge of the construction of the venues and infrastructure.[32] The latter was established in April 2006.[33]
The Government Olympic Executive (GOE), a unit within the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS), was the lead government body for coordinating the London 2012 Olympics. It focused on oversight of the Games, cross-programme programme management and the London 2012 Olympic Legacy before and after the Games that would benefit London and the United Kingdom. The organisation was also responsible for the supervision of the £9.3 billion of public sector funding.[34]
In August 2011, security concerns arose surrounding the hosting of the Olympic Games in London[35] due to the 2011 England riots, with a few countries expressing fear over the safety of the Games,[36] in spite of the International Olympic Committee's assurance that the riots would not affect the Games.[37]
The IOC's Coordination Commission for the 2012 Games completed its tenth and final visit to London in March 2012. Its members concluded that "London is ready to host the world this summer".[38]
Venues[edit]
Main article: Venues of the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics
The Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy on the Isle of Portland in Dorset hosted the sailing events
The 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games used a mixture of new venues, existing and historic facilities, and temporary facilities, some of them in well-known locations such as Hyde Park and Horse Guards Parade. After the Games, some of the new facilities will be reused in their Olympic form, while others will be resized or relocated.[39]
The majority of venues have been divided into three zones within Greater London: the Olympic Zone, the River Zone and the Central Zone. In addition there are a few venues that, by necessity, are outside the boundaries of Greater London, such as the Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy some 125 mi (201 km) southwest of London, which hosted the sailing events. The football tournament was staged at several grounds around the UK.[40] Work began on the Park in December 2006, when a sports hall in Eton Manor was pulled down.[41] The athletes' village in Portland was completed in September 2011.[42]
In November 2004, the 200-hectare (500-acre) Olympic Park plans were revealed.[43] The plans for the site were approved in September 2004 by Tower Hamlets, Newham, Hackney and Waltham Forest.[44] The redevelopment of the area to build the Olympic Park required compulsory purchase orders of property. The London Development Agency was in dispute with London and Continental Railways about the orders in November 2005. By May 2006, 86% of the land had been bought as businesses fought eviction.[45] Residents who opposed the eviction tried to find ways to stop it by setting up campaigns, but they had to leave as 94% of land was bought and the other 6% bought as a £9 billion regeneration project started.[46]
Aerial view of the Olympic Park in April 2012
There were some issues with the original venues not being challenging enough or being financially unviable. Both the Olympic road races and the mountain bike event were initially considered to be too easy, so they were eventually scheduled on new locations.[47][48] The Olympic marathon course, which was set to finish in the Olympic stadium, was moved to The Mall, since closing Tower Bridge was deemed to cause traffic problems in central London.[49] North Greenwich Arena 2 was scrapped in a cost-cutting exercise, Wembley Arena being used for badminton and rhythmic gymnastics events instead.[50][51][52][53]
Test events were held throughout 2011 and 2012, either through an existing championship such as 2012 Wimbledon Championships or as a specially created event held under the banner of London Prepares.[54]
Team GB House was the British Olympic Association's operational HQ up to and during the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic games. Designed by architects Gebler Tooth on the top floor of an office building in Westfield Stratford City, it combined the team HQ, athletes' "Friends and Family" lounge, Press Centre and VIP lounge.
Public transport[edit]
The Olympic Javelin service ran between St Pancras and Ebbsfleet, via Stratford
London's public transport scored poorly in the IOC's initial evaluation; however, it felt that, if the improvements were delivered in time for the Games, London would cope.[55] Transport for London (TfL) carried out numerous improvements in preparation for 2012, including the expansion of the London Overground's East London Line, upgrades to the Docklands Light Railway and the North London Line, and the introduction of a new "Javelin" high-speed rail service.[56] According to Network Rail, an additional 4,000 train services operated during the Games, and train operators ran longer trains during the day.[57] During the Games, Stratford International station was not served by any international services (just as it had not been before the Games),[58] westbound trains did not stop at Hackney Wick railway station,[59] and Pudding Mill Lane DLR station closed entirely during the Games.[60]
The Emirates Air Line crosses the River Thames between Greenwich Peninsula and the Royal Docks
TfL also built a £25 million cable car across the River Thames, called the Emirates Air Line, to link 2012 Olympics venues.[61] It was inaugurated in June 2012, and crosses the Thames between Greenwich Peninsula and the Royal Docks, carrying up to 2,500 passengers an hour, cutting journey times between the O2 arena and the ExCeL exhibition centre and providing a crossing every 30 seconds.[62]
The plan was to have 80% of athletes travel less than 20 minutes to their event,[63] and 93% of them within 30 minutes of their event.[64] The Olympic Park would be served by ten separate railway lines with a combined capacity of 240,000 passengers per hour.[65] In addition, LOCOG planned for 90% of the venues to be served by three or more types of public transport.[64] Two park-and-ride sites off the M25 with a combined capacity of 12,000 cars were 25 minutes away from the Olympic Park. Another park-and-ride site was planned in Ebbsfleet with a capacity for 9,000 cars where spectators could board a 10-minute shuttle train service.[64] To get spectators to Eton Dorney, four park-and-ride schemes were set up.[66]
Olympic rings marked on a street, indicating that the lane was reserved for the use of Olympic athletes and staff.
TfL defined a network of roads leading between venues as the Olympic Route Network; roads connecting between all of the Olympic venues located within London. Many of these roads also contained special "Olympic lanes" marked with the Olympic rings—reserved for the use of Olympic athletes, officials, and other VIPs during the Games. Members of the public driving in an Olympic lane were subject to a fine of £130. Additionally, London buses would not include roads with Olympic lanes on their routes.[67][68][69] The painting of Olympic lane indicators in mid-July led to confusion from commuters, who wrongly believed that the Olympic lane restrictions had already taken effect (they were to take effect on 27 July). The A4 experienced traffic jams due to drivers avoiding the Olympic lane, and likewise on a section of Southampton Row, where the only lanes available in one direction were the Olympic lane and the bus lane.[70]
Concerns were expressed at the logistics of spectators travelling to the events outside London. In particular, the sailing events at Portland had no direct motorway connections, and local roads are heavily congested by tourist traffic in the summer.[71] However, a £77 million relief road connecting Weymouth to Dorchester was built and opened in 2011.[72][73] Some £16 million was put aside for the rest of the improvements.[74]
TfL created a promotional campaign and website, Get Ahead of the Games, to help provide information related to transport during the Olympics and Paralympics. Through the campaign, TfL also encouraged the use of cycling as a mode of transport during the Games.[75] However, despite this encouragement to use bicycles, members of the public protested that riding bikes on London roads would be more dangerous due to the blocked Olympic lanes, and also protested against a decision to close the Lea Valley towpath during the Olympics and Paralympics due to security concerns.[69]
International transport[edit]
The 2012 games were a unique operational task and a massive challenge for Heathrow airport.[citation needed] A temporary terminal was created at Heathrow Airport, to be used by 10,100 departing athletes after the games. Up to 35% more bags than normal were expected on 13 August, which was predicted to be the busiest day in the airport's history, according to Nick Cole, head of Olympic and Paralympic planning at Heathrow.[citation needed]
Cost and financing[edit]
A study from Oxford University found that the sports-related costs of London 2012 was USD 15 billion, compared to USD 4.6 billion for Rio 2016, USD 40-44 billion for Beijing 2008 and USD 51 billion for Sochi 2014, the most expensive Olympics in history. Cost per athlete was USD 1.4 million.[76] This does not include wider costs for urban and transport infrastructure, which often cost as much or more than the sports-related costs. In 2005 London secured the bid for the 2012 Summer Games with a cost estimate that two years later proved inadequate and was revised upwards with around 100 percent. Then, when it turned out that the final outturn costs were slightly below the revised budget, the organizers falsely, but very publicly, claimed that the London Games had come in under budget. Main media, including the BBC, reported the false claim as true. In fact, London 2012 went over budget by 76% in real terms, measured from bid to completion.
The costs of mounting the Games were separate from those for building the venues and infrastructure, and redeveloping the land for the Olympic Park. While the Games were privately funded, the venues and Park costs were met largely by public money.
According to The Wall Street Journal, the original budget for the Games was increased to about £9.3 billion ($15.28 billion USD) in 2007.[77] The revised figures were announced to the House of Commons on 15 March 2007 by Tessa Jowell. Along with East End regeneration costs, the breakdown was:
Building the venues and infrastructure — £5.3 billion.
Elite sport and Paralympic funding — £400 million.
Security and policing — £600 million.
Regeneration of the Lower Lea Valley — £1.7 billion.
Contingency fund — £2.7 billion.
Volunteers[edit]
Unpaid volunteers known as Games Makers performed a variety of tasks before and during the Games.[78] A target of 70,000 volunteers was set as early as 2004.[79] When recruitment took place in 2010, over 240,000 applications were received.[80] Sebastian Coe said in February 2012, "Our Games Makers will contribute a total of around eight million volunteer hours during the Games and the Games simply wouldn't happen without them".[81] The volunteers wore clothing which included purple and red polo shirts and jackets, beige trousers, grey socks and grey-and-white trainers which they collected from the Uniform Distribution and Accreditation Centre. Volunteers also wore photo accreditation badges which were also worn by officials, athletes, family members and media which gain them access to specific venues and buildings around the site.
Ticketing[edit]
Organisers estimated that some 8 million tickets would be available for the Olympic Games,[82] and 1.5 million tickets for the Paralympic Games.[82] LOCOG aimed to raise £375–£400 million in ticket sales. There were also free events such as marathon, triathlon and road cycling,[83] although, for the first time in Olympic history, the sailing events were ticketed.[84] Eventually, more than 7,000,000 tickets were sold.[85] Following IOC rules, people applied for tickets from the NOC of their country of residence. European Union residents were able to apply for tickets in any EU country.[86]
In Great Britain, ticket prices ranged from £20 for many events to £2,012 for the most expensive seats at the opening ceremony. Some free tickets were given to military personnel as part of the Tickets For Troops scheme,[87] as well as to survivors and families of those who died during 7 July 2005 London bombings.[88] Initially, people were able to apply for tickets via a website from 15 March until 26 April 2011. There was a huge demand for tickets, with a demand of over three times the number of tickets available. The process was widely criticised as more than 50% of the sessions went to a random ballot,[89] and over half the people who applied got no tickets.[90] On 11 May 2012 a round of nearly one million "second chance" tickets went on sale over a 10-day period between 23 June and 3 July 2011.[91] About 1.7 million tickets were available for football and 600,000 for other sports, including archery, field hockey, football, judo, boxing and volleyball. Although technical difficulties were encountered, ten sports had sold out by 8 am of the first day.[92]
Countdown[edit]
The Countdown Clock in Trafalgar Square
During the closing ceremony of the 2008 Olympics, the Olympic Flag was formally handed over from the Mayor of Beijing to the Mayor of London. This was followed by a section highlighting London,[93] One month later, the Olympic and Paralympic flags were raised outside the London City Hall.[94]
A countdown clock in Trafalgar Square was unveiled, 500 days before the Games.[95] The clock broke down the following day,[96] but was later fixed. It is a two-sided clock with the Paralympic countdown on the other side. The countdown to the start of the Olympics began with a ceremony for the lighting of the Olympic flame in Olympia, Greece.[97]
Security[edit]
Main article: Security for the 2012 Summer Olympics
See also: Controversies surrounding G4S
The security operation was led by the police, with 10,000 officers available, supported by 13,500 members of the armed forces. Naval and air assets, including ships situated in the Thames, Eurofighter jets and surface-to-air missiles, were deployed as part of the security operation; the biggest security operation Britain had faced for decades. The cost of security increased from £282 million to £553 million, and the figure of 13,500 armed forces personnel was more than Britain currently had deployed in Afghanistan.[98] The Metropolitan Police and the Royal Marines carried out security exercises in preparation for the Olympics on 19 January 2012, with 50 marine police officers in rigid inflatables and fast response boats, joined by up to 100 military personnel and a Lynx Navy helicopter.[99]
The Ministry of Defence distributed leaflets to residents of the Lexington building in Bow, announcing that a missile system was to be stationed on top of the water tower.[100][101] This caused concern to some residents.[100][101] The Ministry said it probably would use Starstreak missiles and that site evaluations had taken place, but that no final decision had taken place.[100][101]
Medals[edit]
Medals of London 2012 Olympics
Approximately 4,700[102] Olympic and Paralympic medals were produced by the Royal Mint at Llantrisant.[103] They were designed by David Watkins (Olympics) and Lin Cheung (Paralympics).[104] 99% of the gold, silver and copper was donated by Rio Tinto from a mine in Salt Lake County, Utah in the U.S.[105] The remaining 1% came from a Mongolian mine.[106] Each medal weighs 375–400 g (13.2–14.1 oz), has a diameter of 85 mm (3.3 in) and is 7 mm (0.28 in) thick, with the sport and discipline engraved on the rim.[107] The obverse, as is traditional, features Nike, the Greek goddess of victory, stepping from the Panathinaiko Stadium that hosted the first modern Olympic Games in 1896, with Parthenon in the background; the reverse features the Games logo, the River Thames and a series of lines representing "the energy of athletes and a sense of pulling together".[108] The medals were transferred to the Tower of London vaults on 2 July 2012 for storage.[107]
Each gold medal is made up of 92.5 percent silver and 1.34 percent gold, with the remainder copper. The silver medal (which represents second place) is made up of 92.5 percent silver, with the remainder copper. The bronze medal is made up of 97 percent copper, 2.5 percent zinc and 0.5 percent tin.[109] The value of the materials in the gold medal is about £410 (US $644), the silver about £210 (US $330), and the bronze about £3 (US $4.71) as of 30 July 2012.[110][111]
Torch relay[edit]
Main article: 2012 Summer Olympics torch relay
The torch relay in Newport, Isle of Wight
The Olympics torch relay ran from 19 May to 27 July 2012, before the Games. Plans for the relay were developed in 2010–11, with the torch-bearer selection process announced on 18 May 2011.[112]
On 18 May 2012 the Olympic flame arrived at RNAS Culdrose in Cornwall from Greece[113] on flight BA2012, operated by a British Airways Airbus A319 named "Firefly". On the flight the flame was carried inside 4 miners lamps supplied by Protector Lamp of Eccles, Greater Manchester.
The relay lasted 70 days, with 66 evening celebrations and six island visits, and involved some 8,000 people carrying the torch about 8,000 mi (12,875 km), starting from Land's End in Cornwall.[114] The torch had three days outside the United Kingdom when it visited the Isle of Man on 2 June, Dublin in Ireland, on 6 June,[115] and both Guernsey and Jersey on 15 July.
The relay focused on National Heritage Sites, locations with sporting significance, key sporting events, schools registered with the Get Set School Network, green spaces and biodiversity, Live Sites (city locations with large screens), and festivals and other events.[116] Dumfries and Galloway was the only Region in the whole of the United Kingdom that had the Olympic Torch pass through it twice. A group of young athletes, nominated by retired Olympic athletes, ran the torch around the stadium. These torchbearers were Callum Airlie, Jordan Duckitt, Desiree Henry, Katie Kirk, Cameron MacRitchie, Aidan Reynolds, and Adelle Tracey. Together the torchbearers each lit a petal which spread the fire to the 204 petals of the cauldron, representing the countries that participated in the games.[117]
Environmental policy[edit]
The Olympic Park was planned to incorporate 45 hectares of wildlife habitat, with a total of 525 bird boxes, and 150 bat boxes. Local waterways and riverbanks were enhanced as part of the process.[118] Renewable energy also features at the Olympics. It was originally planned to provide 20% of the energy for the Olympic Park and Village from renewable technologies; however, this may now be as little as 9%.[119][needs update] Proposals to meet the original target included large-scale on-site wind turbines and hydroelectric generators in the River Thames. These plans were scrapped for safety reasons.[120] The focus has since moved to installing solar panels on some buildings, and providing the opportunity to recover energy from waste. Food packaging at the Olympics is made from compostable materials – like starch and cellulose-based bioplastics – where it cannot be re-used or recycled. This includes fast food wrappers, sandwich boxes and drink cartons. After they have been used, many of these materials would be suitable for anaerobic digestion (AD), allowing them to be made into renewable energy.[121]
Buildings like the Water Polo Arena will be relocated elsewhere. Building Parts like Roofing Covers and membranes of different temporary venues will be recycled via Vinyloop. This allowed organisers to meet the standards of the Olympic Delivery Authority concerning environmental protection. Through this recycling process, the Olympic Games PVC Policy is fulfilled. It says that
Where London 2012 procures PVC for temporary usage or where permanent usage is not assured, London 2012 is required to ensure that there is a take-back scheme that offers a closed loop reuse system or mechanical recycling system for post-consumer waste.
"The majority of temporary facilities created for the Olympic Games including the Aquatic centre temporary stands, basketball arena, Water Polo Arena, and the shooting facilities at the Royal Artillery Barracks, are essentially big tents. Basically PVC stretched over lightweight steel frame. This design solution makes them efficient to install, reduces the need for any significant foundations and are, of course, reusable. We were challenged by the public around the use of PVC; but we considered it to be the right material for certain functions. We therefore challenged the PVC supply chain to have certain environmental performance criteria in place, including a take back and recycle scheme" says Kirsten Henson, Materials Manager for the London 2012 Olympic Park.[122]
London 2012 are the first Olympic Games whose guidelines include the recycling of PVC.[123]
Cultural Olympiad[edit]
Main article: 2012 Cultural Olympiad
Tower Bridge illuminated with the Olympic Rings during the week leading up to the Opening Ceremony
The Olympic Charter, the set of rules and guidelines for the organization of the Olympic Games and for governing the Olympic Movement, states that
LOCOG shall organise a programme of cultural events which must cover at least the entire period during which the Olympic Village is open.[124]
The Cultural Olympiad comprises many programmes, with over 500 events spread over four years across the whole of the United Kingdom, and culminating in the London 2012 Festival.[125][126]
Opening ceremony[edit]
Main articles: 2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony and 2012 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations
Fireworks at the opening ceremony
The opening ceremony officially began at 9:00 pm British Summer Time (UTC+1) on 27 July in the Olympic Stadium and was called "Isles of Wonder".[127] Oscar-winning director Danny Boyle was its artistic director, with music direction by Rick Smith of Underworld.[128]
The Games were officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II, accompanied by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.[129] It was the second Games the Queen had opened personally, the first being in 1976 in Montreal. The ceremony included a short comic film starring Daniel Craig as secret agent James Bond and the Queen as herself,[130] and another starring Rowan Atkinson as Mr. Bean.
Live musical performers included Frank Turner, Dame Evelyn Glennie, Mike Oldfield, the London Symphony Orchestra, Dizzee Rascal, Arctic Monkeys, and Sir Paul McCartney who performed "Hey Jude" as the closing act.[131][132] The ceremony transmitted live on BBC One attracted a peak viewing audience of over 27 million in the UK (about half of the population).[133]
Closing ceremony[edit]
Main articles: 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony and 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony flag bearers
The closing ceremony was held on 12 August. It featured a flashback fiesta to British music with The Who closing the performance. The ceremony also included a handover of the Olympic flag by Boris Johnson, Mayor of London, to Eduardo Paes, Mayor of Rio de Janeiro, the host city of the 2016 Summer Olympics.[134]
The Games[edit]
Participating National Olympic Committees[edit]
Participating countries
Team sizes
Around 10,700 athletes from 205 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) took part,[4] (79 countries acquired at least one medal: gold, silver or bronze)[135] surpassing the 1948 Summer Olympics in London and the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester as the largest multi-sport event ever to be held in the United Kingdom.[136]
Three athletes from the Netherlands Antilles Olympic Committee, which the IOC Executive Committee had ceased to recognise at the IOC session of July 2011, and one athlete from South Sudan, which had no recognized NOC, participated independently under the Olympic flag.[137]
300+
100-299
30-99
10-29
4-9
1-3
Participating National Olympic Committees
Afghanistan (6)
Albania (12)
Algeria (42)
American Samoa (5)
Andorra (6)
Angola (34)
Antigua and Barbuda (5)
Argentina (137)
Armenia (25)
Aruba (4)
Australia (410)
Austria (70)
Azerbaijan (53)
Bahamas (24)
Bahrain (12)
Bangladesh (5)
Barbados (6)
Belarus (165)
Belgium (115)
Belize (3)
Benin (5)
Bermuda (8)
Bhutan (2)
Bolivia (6)
Bosnia and Herzegovina (6)
Botswana (4)
Brazil (258)
British Virgin Islands (2)
Brunei (3)
Bulgaria (63)
Burkina Faso (5)
Burundi (6)
Cambodia (6)
Cameroon (33)
Canada (277)
Cape Verde (3)
Cayman Islands (5)
Central African Republic (6)
Chad (3)
Chile (35)
China (396)
Colombia (104)
Comoros (3)
Congo (7)
Democratic Republic of the Congo (4)
Cook Islands (8)
Costa Rica (11)
Croatia (108)
Cuba (110)
Cyprus (13)
Czech Republic (133)
Denmark (113)
Djibouti (6)
Dominica (2)
Dominican Republic (35)
Ecuador (36)
Egypt (113)
El Salvador (10)
Equatorial Guinea (2)
Eritrea (12)
Estonia (33)
Ethiopia (35)
Fiji (9)
Finland (55)
France (330)
Gabon (24)
The Gambia (2)
Georgia (35)
Germany (392)
Ghana (9)
Great Britain (541) (host)
Greece (104)
Grenada (10)
Guam (8)
Guatemala (19)
Guinea (4)
Guinea-Bissau (4)
Guyana (6)
Haiti (5)
Honduras (27)
Hong Kong (42)
Hungary (157)
Iceland (27)
Independent Olympic Athletes (4)
India (83)
Indonesia (22)
Iran (53)
Iraq (8)
Ireland (66)
Israel (37)[138]
Italy (285)
Ivory Coast (10)
Jamaica (50)
Japan (293)
Jordan (9)
Kazakhstan (114)
Kenya (47)
Kiribati (3)
North Korea (51)
South Korea (248)
Kuwait (11)[139]
Kyrgyzstan (14)
Laos (3)
Latvia (46)
Lebanon (10)
Lesotho (4)
Liberia (4)
Libya (5)
Liechtenstein (3)
Lithuania (62)
Luxembourg (9)
Macedonia (4)
Madagascar (7)
Malawi (3)
Malaysia (30)
Maldives (5)
Mali (6)
Malta (5)
Marshall Islands (4)
Mauritania (2)
Mauritius (11)
Mexico (102)
Federated States of Micronesia (6)
Moldova (22)
Monaco (6)
Mongolia (29)
Montenegro (33)
Morocco (67)
Mozambique (6)
Myanmar (6)
Namibia (9)
Nauru (2)
Nepal (5)
Netherlands (175)
New Zealand (184)
Nicaragua (6)
Niger (6)
Nigeria (55)
Norway (64)
Oman (4)
Pakistan (21)
Palau (5)
Palestine (5)
Panama (7)
Papua New Guinea (8)
Paraguay (8)
Peru (16)
Philippines (11)
Poland (218)
Portugal (77)
Puerto Rico (25)
Qatar (12)
Romania (103)
Russia (436)
Rwanda (7)
Saint Kitts and Nevis (7)
Saint Lucia (4)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (3)
Samoa (8)
San Marino (4)
São Tomé and Príncipe (2)
Saudi Arabia (19)
Senegal (31)
Serbia (116)
Seychelles (6)
Sierra Leone (2)
Singapore (23)
Slovakia (47)
Slovenia (65)
Solomon Islands (4)
Somalia (2)
South Africa (125)
Spain (282)
Sri Lanka (7)
Sudan (6)
Suriname (5)
Swaziland (3)
Sweden (134)
Switzerland (102)
Syria (10)
Chinese Taipei (44)
Tajikistan (16)
Tanzania (7)
Thailand (37)
East Timor (2)
Togo (6)
Tonga (3)
Trinidad and Tobago (30)
Tunisia (83)
Turkey (114)
Turkmenistan (10)
Tuvalu (3)
Uganda (16)
Ukraine (237)
United Arab Emirates (26)
United States (530)
Uruguay (29)
Uzbekistan (54)
Vanuatu (5)
Venezuela (70)
Vietnam (18)
Virgin Islands (7)
Yemen (4)
Zambia (7)
Zimbabwe (7)
Number of athletes by National Olympic Committees (by highest to lowest)[edit]
IOC
Country
Athletes
GBR Great Britain 541
USA United States 530
RUS Russia 436
AUS Australia 410
CHN China 390
GER Germany 392
FRA France 330
JPN Japan 293
ITA Italy 284
ESP Spain 278
CAN Canada 277
BRA Brazil 258
KOR South Korea 245
UKR Ukraine 237
POL Poland 218
NZL New Zealand 184
NED Netherlands 175
BLR Belarus 165
HUN Hungary 157
ARG Argentina 137
SWE Sweden 134
CZE Czech Republic 133
RSA South Africa 125
BEL Belgium 115
SRB Serbia 115
KAZ Kazakhstan 114
TUR Turkey 114
DEN Denmark 113
EGY Egypt 113
CUB Cuba 110
CRO Croatia 108
COL Colombia 104
GRE Greece 103
ROU Romania 103
MEX Mexico 102
SUI Switzerland 102
IND India 83
TUN Tunisia 83
POR Portugal 77
AUT Austria 70
VEN Venezuela 70
MAR Morocco 67
IRL Ireland 66
SLO Slovenia 65
NOR Norway 64
BUL Bulgaria 63
LTU Lithuania 62
FIN Finland 55
NGR Nigeria 55
UZB Uzbekistan 54
AZE Azerbaijan 53
IRI Iran 53
PRK North Korea 51
JAM Jamaica 50
KEN Kenya 47
SVK Slovakia 47
LAT Latvia 46
TPE Chinese Taipei 44
ALG Algeria 42
HKG Hong Kong 42
ISR Israel 37
THA Thailand 37
ECU Ecuador 36
CHI Chile 35
DOM Dominican Republic 35
ETH Ethiopia 35
GEO Georgia 35
ANG Angola 34
CMR Cameroon 33
EST Estonia 33
MNE Montenegro 33
SEN Senegal 31
MAS Malaysia 30
TRI Trinidad and Tobago 30
MGL Mongolia 29
URU Uruguay 29
HON Honduras 27
ISL Iceland 27
UAE United Arab Emirates 26
ARM Armenia 25
PUR Puerto Rico 25
BAH Bahamas 24
GAB Gabon 24
SIN Singapore 23
INA Indonesia 22
MDA Moldova 22
PAK Pakistan 21
GUA Guatemala 19
KSA Saudi Arabia 19
VIE Vietnam 18
PER Peru 16
TJK Tajikistan 16
UGA Uganda 16
KGZ Kyrgyzstan 14
CYP Cyprus 13
ALB Albania 12
BRN Bahrain 12
ERI Eritrea 12
QAT Qatar 12
CRC Costa Rica 11
KUW Kuwait 11
MRI Mauritius 11
PHI Philippines 11
CIV Ivory Coast 10
ESA El Salvador 10
GRN Grenada 10
LIB Lebanon 10
SYR Syria 10
TKM Turkmenistan 10
FIJ Fiji 9
GHA Ghana 9
JOR Jordan 9
LUX Luxembourg 9
NAM Namibia 9
BER Bermuda 8
COK Cook Islands 8
GUM Guam 8
IRQ Iraq 8
PAR Paraguay 8
PNG Papua New Guinea 8
SAM Samoa 8
CGO Congo 7
ISV Virgin Islands 7
MAD Madagascar 7
PAN Panama 7
RWA Rwanda 7
SKN Saint Kitts and Nevis 7
SRI Sri Lanka 7
TAN Tanzania 7
ZAM Zambia 7
ZIM Zimbabwe 7
AFG Afghanistan 6
AND Andorra 6
BAR Barbados 6
BDI Burundi 6
BIH Bosnia and Herzegovina 6
BOL Bolivia 6
CAF Central African Republic 6
CAM Cambodia 6
DJI Djibouti 6
FSM Federated States of Micronesia 6
GUY Guyana 6
MLI Mali 6
MON Monaco 6
MOZ Mozambique 6
MYA Myanmar 6
NCA Nicaragua 6
NIG Niger 6
SEY Seychelles 6
SUD Sudan 6
TOG Togo 6
ANT Antigua and Barbuda 5
ASA American Samoa 5
BAN Bangladesh 5
BEN Benin 5
BUR Burkina Faso 5
CAY Cayman Islands 5
HAI Haiti 5
LBA Libya 5
MDV Maldives 5
MLT Malta 5
NEP Nepal 5
PLE Palestine 5
PLW Palau 5
SUR Suriname 5
VAN Vanuatu 5
ARU Aruba 4
BOT Botswana 4
COD Democratic Republic of the Congo 4
GBS Guinea-Bissau 4
GUI Guinea 4
IOA Independent Olympic Athletes 4
LBR Liberia 4
LCA Saint Lucia 4
LES Lesotho 4
MHL Marshall Islands 4
MKD Macedonia 4
OMA Oman 4
SMR San Marino 4
SOL Solomon Islands 4
YEM Yemen 4
BIZ Belize 3
BRU Brunei 3
CHA Chad 3
COM Comoros 3
CPV Cape Verde 3
KIR Kiribati 3
LAO Laos 3
LIE Liechtenstein 3
MAW Malawi 3
SWZ Swaziland 3
TGA Tonga 3
TUV Tuvalu 3
VIN Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 3
BHU Bhutan 2
DMA Dominica 2
GAM The Gambia 2
GEQ Equatorial Guinea 2
IVB British Virgin Islands 2
MTN Mauritania 2
NRU Nauru 2
SLE Sierra Leone 2
SOM Somalia 2
STP São Tomé and Príncipe 2
TLS East Timor 2
Total 10,768
National houses[edit]
The Holland Heineken House, the Dutch home in Alexandra Palace.
During the Games some countries and continents had a national house. These temporary meeting places for supporters, athletes and other followers were located throughout London.[140]
Nation
Location
Name
Africa Kensington Gardens
Austria Trinity House
Belgium Inner Temple
Brazil Somerset House
Czech Republic Business Design Centre in Islington
Denmark St Katherine Docks
France Old Billingsgate Club France
Germany Museum of London Docklands
Ireland The Big Chill House
Italy Queen Elizabeth II Conference Centre
Japan London County Hall
Jamaica The O2
Kenya East Thames in Stratford
Korea Royal Thames Yacht Club
Monaco Haymarket
Netherlands Alexandra Palace Holland Heineken House
New Zealand Granary Square, Kings Cross Kiwi House
Nigeria Theatre Royal Stratford East
Russia Perks Field, Kensington Palace
Slovakia 80 Haymarket
South Africa Queen Elizabeth Hall
South Pacific St Katharine Docks
Switzerland Glazier's Hall
Trinidad & Tobago Tricycle Theatre
Source[140]
Sports[edit]
The 2012 Summer Olympic programme featured 26 sports encompassing 39 disciplines and 302 events. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses.
2012 Summer Olympic Sports Programme
Aquatics
Diving (8)
Swimming (34)
Synchronized swimming (2)
Water polo (2)
Archery (4)
Athletics (47)
Badminton (5)
Basketball (2)
Boxing (13)
Canoeing
Sprint (12)
Slalom (4)
Cycling (competitors)
BMX (2)
Mountain biking (2)
Road (4)
Track (10)
Equestrian
Dressage (2)
Eventing (2)
Jumping (2)
Fencing (10)
Field hockey (2)
Football (2)
Gymnastics
Artistic (14)
Rhythmic (2)
Trampoline (2)
Handball (2)
Judo (14)
Modern pentathlon (2)
Rowing (14)
Sailing (10)
Shooting (15)
Table tennis (4)
Taekwondo (8)
Tennis (5)
Triathlon (2)
Volleyball
Volleyball (2)
Beach volleyball (2)
Weightlifting (15)
Wrestling
Freestyle (11)
Greco-Roman (7)
Women's boxing was included in the programme for the first time, and 36 women competed in three weight classes. There was a special dispensation for the shooting events, which would otherwise have been illegal under UK gun law.[141][142] In tennis, mixed doubles returned to the Olympic programme for the first time since 1924.[143]
London's bid featured the same 28 sports that had been included in other recent Summer Olympics, but the IOC voted to drop baseball and softball from the 2012 Games two days after it had selected London as the host city. There was an appeal, but the IOC voted to uphold the decision, and the two sports were last scheduled for the 2008 Olympics.[144] The IOC then voted on whether or not to replace them. They considered karate, squash, golf, roller sports and rugby sevens. Karate and squash were the two final nominees, but neither received enough votes to reach the required two-thirds majority.[144]
Although formal demonstration sports were eliminated after the 1992 Summer Olympics,[145] special tournaments for non-Olympic sports can be run during the Games, such as the Wushu tournament at the 2008 Summer Olympics.[146] There were attempts to run Twenty20 cricket[146] and netball[147] tournaments alongside the 2012 Games, but neither campaign was successful.
Calendar[edit]
All times are in British Summer Time (UTC+1)
See also: Chronological summary of the 2012 Summer Olympics
The final official schedule was released on 15 February 2011.[148]
OC Opening ceremony ● Event competitions 1 Gold medal events CC Closing ceremony
July/August
25th
Wed
26th
Thu
27th
Fri
28th
Sat
29th
Sun
30th
Mon
31st
Tue
1st
Wed
2nd
Thu
3rd
Fri
4th
Sat
5th
Sun
6th
Mon
7th
Tue
8th
Wed
9th
Thu
10th
Fri
11th
Sat
12th
Sun
Events
Ceremonies OC CC N/A
Archery ● 1 1 ● ● ● 1 1 4
Athletics 2 6 6 5 4 4 5 6 8 1 47
Badminton ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 2 2 5
Basketball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
Boxing ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 3 ● 5 5 13
Canoeing Slalom ● ● 1 1 2 16
Sprint ● ● 4 4 ● 4
Cycling Road cycling 1 1 2 18
Track cycling 2 2 1 1 1 3
BMX ● ● 2
Mountain biking 1 1
Diving 1 1 1 1 ● ● 1 ● 1 ● 1 ● 1 8
Equestrian ● ● ● 2 ● ● ● ● 1 1 1 1 6
Fencing 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 10
Field hockey ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
Football ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 ● 1 2
Gymnastics Artistic ● ● 1 1 1 1 3 3 4 18
Rhythmic ● ● 1 1
Trampolining 1 1
Handball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
Judo 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 14
Modern pentathlon 1 1 2
Rowing ● ● ● ● 3 3 4 4 14
Sailing ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 2 2 2 1 2 1 10
Shooting 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 15
Swimming 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 34
Synchronized swimming ● ● 1 ● 1 2
Table tennis ● ● ● ● 1 1 ● ● ● ● 1 1 4
Taekwondo 2 2 2 2 8
Tennis ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 2 3 5
Triathlon 1 1 2
Volleyball Beach volleyball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 4
Indoor volleyball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1
Water polo ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 ● 1 2
Weightlifting 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 15
Wrestling 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 18
Daily medal events
12
14
12
15
20
18
22
25
23
18
21
16
22
17
32
15
302
Cumulative total
12
26
38
53
73
91
113
138
161
179
200
216
238
255
287
302
July/August
25th
Wed
26th
Thu
27th
Fri
28th
Sat
29th
Sun
30th
Mon
31st
Tue
1st
Wed
2nd
Thu
3rd
Fri
4th
Sat
5th
Sun
6th
Mon
7th
Tue
8th
Wed
9th
Thu
10th
Fri
11th
Sat
12th
Sun
Total events
Records[edit]
Main article: World and Olympic records set at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Mo Farah with Usain Bolt.
The Olympic Games featured 32 world records in eight sports. The largest number of records were set in swimming, with eight. China, Great Britain and the United States set the most records, with five each.
Medal table[edit]
Main article: 2012 Summer Olympics medal table
Further information: List of 2012 Summer Olympics medal winners
A total of 85 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) won medals, 54 of those countries winning at least one gold medal. Bahrain,[149] Botswana,[150] Cyprus,[151] Gabon,[152] Grenada (a gold medal),[153] Guatemala,[154] and Montenegro[155] won their first ever Olympic medals. The United States finished at the top of the table winning 46 gold medals and winning 103 medals overall. China finished second with 38 gold medals and 88 medals overall. Hosts Great Britain came in third place winning 29 gold medals and 65 medals overall in their best performance since London hosted its first Summer Olympic Games back in 1908 pushing Russia into fourth place who won 20 gold medals although they won 69 medals (4 more than Great Britain) overall.
2012 Summer Olympics medal table[156]
Rank
NOC
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
1
United States (USA)‡
46 28 29 103
2
China (CHN)‡
38 31 22 91
3
Great Britain (GBR)*
29 17 19 65
4
Russia (RUS)‡
20 19 30 69
5
South Korea (KOR)‡
13 9 8 30
6
Germany (GER)‡
11 20 13 44
7
France (FRA)‡
11 11 13 35
8
Australia (AUS)‡
8 15 12 35
9
Italy (ITA)
8 9 11 28
10
Hungary (HUN)‡
8 4 6 18
11–85
Remaining NOCs
110 140 190 440
Total (85 NOCs)
302
303
353
958
Key
* Host nation (Great Britain) ‡ See subpage: Changes in medal standings
Broadcasting[edit]
Main article: List of 2012 Summer Olympics broadcasters
The International Broadcast Centre in June 2011
The host broadcaster was Olympic Broadcasting Services (OBS), an agency of the IOC. The OBS used its own cameras, and crews subcontracted from other Olympic broadcasters, to cover the events. The base video and audio were sold to other broadcasters, who added their own commentary and presentation.
The official recording format of the 2012 Olympic Games used Panasonic's digital technologies. The official video was produced and distributed from the International Broadcast Centre in 1080/50i High-Definition (HD) format. Panasonic announced that DVCPRO HD would be the official recording format. OBS London used P2 HD shoulder-mount camcorders.[157]
The IOC's wanted television coverage to reach as broad a worldwide audience as possible, and London 2012 was covered by several national and regional broadcasters. In the UK, the BBC carried the Olympics and Channel 4 the Paralympics. The BBC aimed to broadcast all 5,000 hours of the Games.[158] BBC Parliament's Freeview channel was suspended, BBC Three's on-air time was extended so that it could show Olympic events in the daytime, and 24 additional BBC Olympics channels were available via cable, satellite and the internet in the UK.
The US television rights, owned by NBC, accounted for over half the rights revenue for the IOC.[book 1] Thousands of Americans, however, accessed the BBC's omnibus coverage using proxy servers or VPNs.[159] Despite high viewership, many viewers were disappointed with NBC's coverage.[160][161] The operations of broadcasters granted rights to the Games were hosted in the dedicated International Broadcast Centre inside the security cordon of the Olympic Park. YouTube planned to stream the Games in 64 territories in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa where there were no official broadcasters.[162]
In Sri Lanka a dispute occurred between Sri Lanka Rupavahini Corporation (SLRC) and MBC Networks (MTV/MBC) as to who was the official broadcaster of the Games. This problem was caused as Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union (ABU) had offered the official broadcasting rights to both networks, as both of the networks were ABU members. So SLRC filed a case against MBC Networks for broadcasting rights at the Colombo Magistrate's Court. Considering the case, the court issued a special court order preventing MBC Networks' Olympic broadcast and stated that SLRC should be the sole broadcaster.[163] However, when the Games started, both networks broadcast most of the events simultaneously. Another dispute had previously occurred between Carlton Sports Network (CSN) and SLRC, but the Sports Minister, Mahindananda Aluthgamage, had stated that SLRC had the exclusive rights.[164]
Marketing[edit]
Main article: 2012 Summer Olympics marketing
"Survival" by Muse was announced as the official song of the Olympics,[165] to be played by international broadcasters reporting on the Games.[166] In August 2009, the Royal Mail commissioned artists and illustrators to design 30 stamps, which were released in batches of 10 between 2009 and 2011.[167] The last ones were released on 22 July 2011.[168] Two £5 coins designed by Saiman Miah have been made to commemorate the Olympics.[169] As with other Olympics since 1952, the Royal Mint will strike a set of commemorative one-kilogram gold and silver coins.[170]
Motto[edit]
The official motto for the 2012 Summer Olympics is "Inspire a generation". It was chosen to highlight the organiser's commitment to inspire the world including younger generations to get involved in sporting events through its games' legacy.[171][172]
Logo and graphics[edit]
There have been two London 2012 logos: one created by Kino Design for the bidding process and a second as the brand for the Games themselves. The former was a ribbon with blue, yellow, black, green and red stripes winding through the text "LONDON 2012", making the shape of the River Thames in East London. The latter, designed by Wolff Olins, was published on 4 June 2007. It is a representation of the number 2012, with the Olympic Rings embedded within the zero.[173]
The Paralympics logo (far left) and the different official colour combinations for the Wolff Olins main logo design
Public reaction to the main logo in a June 2007 BBC poll was largely negative; more than 80% of votes gave it the lowest possible rating.[174] Several newspapers ran their own logo competitions, displaying alternative submissions from their readers,[175] and several writers from news agencies criticised the logo.[175][176] A segment of animated footage released at the same time as the logo was reported to trigger seizures in a small number of people with photosensitive epilepsy, and a short segment was removed from the London 2012 website in response.[177] It was suggested that the logo resembled the cartoon character Lisa Simpson performing fellatio on her brother Bart Simpson.[178][179][180][181][182][183][184] In February 2011, Iran threatened to boycott the Olympics, complaining that the logo appeared to spell out the word "Zion". However, this boycott did not occur.[185]
The official London 2012 Olympic typeface was called Headline 2012 and also suffered some criticism. Journalist Simon Garfield made it number 1 in the list of the "8 Worst Fonts in the World" in his 2010 book Just My Type, commenting that "the uncool font is based on jaggedness and crudeness", although he conceded that it was "a brilliant piece of corporate branding".[186][187] The magazine Wired pointed out that the typeface was intended for "awareness, impact and memorability as a headline typeface" rather than elegance or readability in long sections of text.[188]
Mascots[edit]
Main article: Wenlock and Mandeville
The Olympic Mascots, Mandeville (left) and Wenlock (right)
The official mascots for the 2012 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games were unveiled on 19 May 2010.[189] Wenlock and Mandeville are animations depicting two drops of steel from a steelworks in Bolton.[189] They are named after Much Wenlock, a town in Shropshire that holds a forerunner of the current Olympic Games, and Stoke Mandeville, a village in Buckinghamshire where a forerunner of the Paralympic Games was first held.[189] The writer Michael Morpurgo wrote the story concept for the mascots, and an animation was produced.[190] Two stories have been created about the mascots: Out Of A Rainbow and Adventures On A Rainbow.[191]
Creative Review magazine liked the mascots,[192] but elsewhere their design was greeted with some disdain. One columnist jested that they were the product of a "drunken one-night stand between a Teletubby and a Dalek".[193] Others have compared them to Izzy, the much disparaged mascot of the 1996 Atlanta Summer Olympics.[194] Still others have likened them to Kang and Kodos from The Simpsons.[195] However, the mascots' creators claim that young people find the duo appealing.[196]
Chariots of Fire[edit]
The 1981 Best Picture Oscar–winning film Chariots of Fire, which tells the story of two British athletes in the 1924 Olympics, was a recurring theme in promotions for the 2012 Olympics.[197] A digitally re-mastered version of Chariots of Fire was released on 13 July 2012 and screened in over 100 UK cinemas as part of the celebrations,[198] and a 2012 stage adaptation ran in London theatres from 9 May 2012 to 5 January 2013.[199] The film's theme tune was performed during the Opening Ceremony by the London Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Simon Rattle. The performance was accompanied by a comedic skit by Rowan Atkinson, which included the opening beach-running footage from the film.[200] A new orchestration of the film's theme tune was played during each medal presentation of the Games.[201]
Sponsors[edit]
Main article: 2012 Summer Olympics marketing § Sponsors
This section needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (October 2012)
LOCOG and the IOC agreed sponsorship deals with several companies, each assigned to one of four categories; worldwide, tier one, tier two and tier three.[202] The worldwide partners are: Acer, Atos, Coca-Cola, Dow, General Electric, McDonald's, Omega SA, Panasonic, Procter & Gamble, Samsung and Visa.[202] The companies provided £1.4 billion of funding altogether, allocated evenly between the IOC and LOCOG.[203]
Controversies[edit]
Main article: Controversies at the 2012 Summer Olympics
During the lead-up to the Games, there were controversies over sponsorship,[204] the athletes' use of social media, and several political issues. After a complicated lottery process, thousands of people failed to secure seats for the events they wanted, but a large number of empty seats were observed throughout the games, even at some of the most popular events. There was speculation that this was due to a failure of corporate sponsors to make use of tickets they had received.[85]
During the Games, eight competitors in the badminton women's doubles were disqualified for "not using best efforts", when they tried to lose matches in the group stage to obtain more favourable fixtures in the knockout rounds.[205][206] A number of results in boxing, gymnastics and judo were overturned by officials after initial decisions were appealed against.[207][208][209]
Ye Shiwen faced doping allegations after her gold medal in the women's 400m Individual Medley as she came from being behind the world record in the final 50m to beating it by 1.02 seconds. Furthermore, her last 50m was swum 0.17 seconds quicker than the men's winner, Ryan Lochte. All charges have since been dropped and cleared for the athlete.[210]
Drug testing[edit]
Main article: Use of performance-enhancing drugs in the Olympic Games § 2012 London
It was announced before the Summer Games that half of all the competitors would be tested for drugs, with 150 scientists set to take 6,000 samples between the start of the Games and the end of the Paralympic Games.[211] Every competitor who won a medal was also tested. The Olympic laboratory tested up to 400 samples every day for more than 240 prohibited substances.[211] As of late 2017, 29 medals are stripped due to doping violations. Russia is a leading country with 13 medals rescinded.
See also[edit]
2012 Olympic hunger summit
2012 Summer Paralympics
2012 Winter Youth Olympics
Twenty Twelve, a comedy mockumentary featuring a fictional London Olympics committee
The two previous times the Games were held in London:
1908 Summer Olympics
1948 Summer Olympics
Further reading[edit]
Jaworska, Sylvia; Hunt, Sally (2017). "Differentiations and intersections: a corpus-assisted discourse study of gender representations in the British press before, during and after the London Olympics 2012". Gender and Language. Equinox. 11 (3): 336–364. doi:10.1558/genl.28858.
References[edit]
^ The IOC numbers the Olympiads using Roman numerals.
^ "London 2012". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 1 August 2008. Retrieved 3 August 2008.
^ "Olympics schedule and results – Wednesday 25 July". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 11 January 2016.
^ a b "Olympics – Countries". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 19 July 2012. From the 27th of July 2012 – 204 countries will send more than 10,000 athletes to compete in 300 events
^ "London 2012: Election". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2009.
^ "Coe promises Olympics to remember". BBC Sport. 6 July 2005. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2008.
^ Athens has also hosted three IOC-organised events, in 1896, 2004 and the Intercalated Games in 1906. However, the 1906 Games are no longer officially recognised by the IOC, as they do not fit with the quadrennial pattern of the modern Olympics.
^ Barden, Mark (26 April 2008). "London's first Olympics". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 1 May 2008. Retrieved 3 August 2008.
^ "The 1948 London Olympics Gallery". BBC History. Archived from the original on 18 July 2008. Retrieved 3 August 2008.
^ "Building a sustainable Games". London 2012. Archived from the original on 18 October 2009. Retrieved 2 October 2009.
^ "Newham London: The Olympic Park". London Borough of Newham. Archived from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
^ "Response to the questionnaire for cities applying to become Candidate cities to host the Games of the XXX Olympiad and the Paralympic Games in 2012" (PDF). London 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 29 July 2012.
^ "London 2012: IOC chief Jacques Rogge 'very happy' with Games". BBC News. 12 August 2012. Archived from the original on 13 August 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
^ Waldram, Hannah (12 August 2012). "Has the Olympics changed London?". The Guardian (Olympics blog). Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
^ Scanlan, Wayne (10 August 2012). "Buoyed by a record medal haul – and surprisingly sunny skies – the British have embraced the Olympics, turning out to live sites in droves to cheer on Team GB". Calgary Herald. Archived from the original on 16 August 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
^ Goldsmith, Harvey; Phillips, Arlene; Quantick, David; Brown, Mick; Beard, Mary (29 July 2012). "London 2012: the experts' view of the Olympic opening ceremony". The Sunday Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 13 August 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
^ Topping, Alexandra (28 July 2012). "Olympics opening ceremony: the view from abroad". The Guardian. London. p. 2. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
^ McCrae, Donald (1 August 2012). "Michael Phelps becomes the greatest Olympian". The Guardian. London. p. 1. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2012.
^ Magnay, Jacquelin (11 August 2012). "London 2012 Olympics diary: three countries have failed to send any female athletes". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 13 August 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
^ "London 2012 international digest — Day Six". BBC Sport. 2 August 2012. Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2012.
^ "Saudis to send two women to London, make history". SI.com. Archived from the original on 15 July 2012. Retrieved 13 July 2012.
^ "An Olympics first: All countries sending female athletes – latimes". Articles.latimes.com. 27 July 2012. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
^ "Olympic bids: The rivals". BBC Sport. 15 July 2003. Archived from the original on 10 February 2009. Retrieved 3 August 2008.
^ "London bid team delighted". BBC Sport. 18 May 2004. Archived from the original on 13 March 2006. Retrieved 3 August 2008.
^ "Day One Of Paris 2012 Inspection By IOC". GamesBids. Archived from the original on 20 October 2006. Retrieved 9 March 2005.
^ Payne, Michael. "How London really won the games". London Business School. Retrieved 24 June 2012.
^ "London And Paris Tie In 2012 Bid". GamesBids. Archived from the original on 7 November 2004. Retrieved 31 August 2004.
^ "Paris, London and New York Get Glowing IOC Reports". GamesBids. Archived from the original on 18 April 2006. Retrieved 6 June 2005.
^ "Rogge Arrives in Singapore". International Sailing Federation. 1 July 2005. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 6 March 2007.
^ "London beats Paris to 2012 Games". BBC News. 6 July 2005. Archived from the original on 25 July 2017.
^ Culf, Andrew (6 July 2005). "The party that never was: capital marks the games at last—Eight weeks after Olympic celebrations were cut short by bombings, London puts on a low-key but spectacle to show it means business and hard work". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 2 October 2008. Retrieved 22 August 2008.
^ a b "LOCOG formally established at first meeting of London 2012 Transition Board" (Press release). London Development Agency. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
^ "Lemley chairs first ODA board meeting" (Press release). London 2012. Archived from the original on 27 February 2012. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
^ "2012 Olympic Games & Paralympic Games". Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Archived from the original on 26 October 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
^ Macur, Juliet; Pfanner, Eric (9 August 2011). "London Rioting Prompts Fears Over Soccer and Olympics". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 6 March 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
^ Foster, Peter (9 August 2011). "London riots: China raises questions over safety of 2012 Olympic Games". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
^ Jackson, Jamie (9 August 2011). "London riots will not affect 2012 Olympic security, says IOC". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
^ "London is ready to host the Olympic Games as excitement builds". Olympic.org. Archived from the original on 15 August 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
^ "London 2012". Excel London. 6 July 2005. Archived from the original on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
^ "Olympics 2012 venue guide". BBC News. 3 December 2008. Archived from the original on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
^ "Work begins on 2012 Olympic Park". BBC News. 14 December 2006. Archived from the original on 12 January 2007. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
^ "Osprey Quay Olympic village topping out ceremony". BBC News. 13 September 2011. Archived from the original on 19 September 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
^ "London reveals Olympic Park plans". BBC Sport. 8 November 2004. Archived from the original on 29 October 2005. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
^ "2012 Olympic Park gets go ahead". BBC News. 9 September 2004. Archived from the original on 18 June 2006. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
^ "Probe into Olympic land evictions". BBC News. 9 May 2006. Archived from the original on 15 December 2006. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
^ Assistant Producer, Building the Olympic Dream (11 March 2009). "Stratford's last stand". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 16 March 2009. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
^ "Road cycling". London2012. Archived from the original on 7 September 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
^ "Essex venue to host 2012 biking". BBC Sport. 11 August 2008. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
^ Gibson, Owen (4 October 2010). "London 2012 marathon to finish at The Mall despite East End protests". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
^ "Greenwich or Wembley?". BBC News. 17 October 2008. Archived from the original on 3 February 2012. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
^ Henson, Mike (15 June 2009). "Boxing chiefs voice 2012 concerns". BBC Sport. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
^ "Wembley may stage Olympic boxing". BBC Sport. 23 April 2009. Archived from the original on 26 April 2009. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
^ "Badminton and rhythmic gymnastics agree to London 2012 Wembley move". More than the Games. 26 May 2010. Archived from the original on 10 June 2012. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
^ "London 2012 test events unveiled". BBC News. 24 February 2011.
^ "Report of the IOC Evaluation Commission for the Games of the XXX Olympiad in 2012" (PDF). Olympic.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 August 2012. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
^ "High-speed rail links confirmed". BBC News. 27 October 2004. Archived from the original on 15 February 2009.
^ "Extra trains planned for visitors to London 2012 venues". BBC News. 25 May 2011. Archived from the original on 19 March 2012.
^ "Eurostar 'will not stop' at Stratford International". BBC News. 25 May 2010. Archived from the original on 3 March 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
^ "Hackney Wick". Get Ahead of the Games. Transport for London. Archived from the original on 19 July 2012. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
^ "Pudding Mill Lane". Get Ahead of the Games. Transport for London. Archived from the original on 23 July 2012. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
^ "Thames cable car to link 2012 Olympic Games venues". BBC News. 4 July 2010. Archived from the original on 7 July 2010. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
^ "Plans unveiled for a new Thames crossing with London's first cable car system" (Press release). Transport for London. 4 July 2010. Archived from the original on 12 September 2010. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
^ "Going for Gold: Transport for London's 2012 Olympic Games" (PDF). House of Commons Transport Committee. 8 March 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 November 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
^ a b c "London plan at-a-glance". BBC Sport. 6 July 2005. Archived from the original on 17 January 2010.
^ "Free travel plan for Olympic bid". BBC News. 5 July 2004. Archived from the original on 2 March 2009.
^ "Olympics 2012: Park and ride schemes for Dorney Lake events". BBC News. 14 September 2011. Archived from the original on 26 October 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
^ Olympic and Paralympic route network, TfL Archived 5 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Beard, Matthew (15 November 2011). "Revealed: the road signs that will ban drivers from Olympic lanes". London Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 4 July 2017.
^ a b Tuffrey, Laurie (10 July 2012). "Olympics regulations force cyclists to dismount". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
^ "Chaos on the A4 as drivers try to avoid Olympics lane which is not yet in operation". Evening Standard. 16 July 2012. Archived from the original on 5 January 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
^ "2012 London Olympic Games | London Chauffeur Limo Service". Panamerican Chauffeurs. 6 July 2005. Archived from the original on 3 November 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
^ "Go-ahead won for £77m relief road". BBC News. 5 April 2007. Archived from the original on 6 October 2007.
^ "Weymouth Olympic relief road is opened". BBC News. 17 March 2011. Archived from the original on 19 September 2011.
^ "Olympics road plans put on show". BBC News. 24 October 2009.
^ Gardner, Jasmine (26 July 2012). "The Olympic commute... Get ahead of the Games by bike". London Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 3 August 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
^ Flyvbjerg, Bent; Stewart, Allison; Budzier, Alexander (2016). The Oxford Olympics Study 2016: Cost and Cost Overrun at the Games. Saïd Business School, University of Oxford. SSRN 2804554  .
^ Pearman, Hugh (25 July 2012). "These Knock-Down, Shrinkable Games". The Wall Street Journal. p. D6. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
^ "Volunteering – Making the Games happen". London 2012. Archived from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
^ Shifrin, Tash (10 February 2004). "Olympic appeal as volunteer target hit". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
^ "10 Games Maker facts". London 2012. Archived from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
^ "Volunteers training day at Wembley Stadium as they prepare for Games". The Daily Telegraph. London. 4 February 2012. Archived from the original on 6 February 2012. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
^ a b "Just the ticket". London 2012. Archived from the original on 2 February 2007. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
^ "London Opens Ticket Process for 2012 Olympics". ABC News. Archived from the original on 25 March 2010. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
^ ISAF (28 July 2011). "ISAF: London 2012 Olympic Games Sailing Competition: What Is The Weymouth And Portland International Regatta?". Sailing.org. Archived from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
^ a b Adam, Karla (30 July 2012). "At London Olympics, empty seats have organizers scrambling, giving away tickets to children and soldiers". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 19 July 2017.
^ Lynn, Guy (22 May 2012). "Ukrainian Olympic official 'willing to sell tickets to black market'". BBC News. Archived from the original on 7 June 2012. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
^ "Olympic tickets offered to UK Armed Forces members". BBC News. 14 June 2011. Archived from the original on 24 August 2011.
^ "2012 Olympic tickets for 7/7 bomb attack victims". BBC News. 6 May 2011. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011.
^ "Olympic ticket demand passes 20m". BBC News. 27 April 2011.
^ "750,000 Olympics tickets sold in 'second chance' round". BBC News. 3 July 2011. Archived from the original on 25 August 2011.
^ "Olympic tickets on sale in 'second chance' phase". BBC News. 11 July 2011. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
^ "2012 Hopefuls miss out on tickets". BBC News. 26 June 2011. Archived from the original on 30 August 2011.
^ Eight minute wonder (17 June 2008). "The BBC". BBC. Archived from the original on 10 January 2009. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
^ "1948 Olympians and 2012 hopefuls join Beijing heroes as Olympic and Paralympic flags raised at City Hall". Legacy.london.gov.uk. 26 September 2008. Archived from the original on 13 January 2012. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
^ "London 2012 countdown clock stops in Trafalgar Square". BBC News. 15 March 2011. Archived from the original on 18 March 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
^ Murray, Scott; Murrells, Katy (27 July 2011). "London 2012: The 'One Year To Go' Celebrations – as they happened". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 4 January 2017.
^ "Olympic flame lit for London Games". The Times Of India. Archived from the original on 10 May 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
^ "London 2012: 13,500 troops to provide Olympic security". BBC News. 15 December 2011. Archived from the original on 16 December 2011.
^ Seida, Jim (19 January 2012). "Metropolitan Police and the Royal Marines perform security exercises in preparation for London Olympics" Archived 15 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine.. MSNBC.
^ a b c Booth, Robert (29 April 2012). "London rooftops to carry missiles during Olympic Games". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
^ a b c "London Olympics 2012: MoD rooftop missile base plan alarms local residents". The Daily Telegraph. London. 29 April 2012. Archived from the original on 29 April 2012. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
^ "London 2012 Olympic Games victory medals to be made by the Royal Mint". Royalmint.com. Archived from the original on 25 October 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
^ "London 2012 medals deal struck for Royal Mint in Llantrisant". BBC News. 14 December 2010. Archived from the original on 23 February 2012.
^ "London 2012: Olympic medals go into production in Wales". BBC News. 27 October 2011. Archived from the original on 28 December 2011. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
^ "Kennecott donating $7.3 million in gold, silver, bronze for Olympics". KSL.com. Archived from the original on 24 June 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
^ "Mongolia goes for gold with London medals - Yahoo! News Singapore". Sg.news.yahoo.com. 18 July 2012. Archived from the original on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 28 October 2012.
^ a b "London 2012: Olympic medals locked in Tower". BBC News. 2 July 2012. Archived from the original on 4 July 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
^ "London 2012: Olympic medals timeline". BBC News. 26 July 2011. Archived from the original on 27 July 2011.
^ DeMarco, Anthony (26 July 2012). "London's Olympic Gold Medal Worth The Most In The History Of The Games". Forbes. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
^ Faulkner, Katherine (30 July 2012). "Medals that are worth almost nothing: Raw value of metals in a bronze totals just £3". Daily Mail. Archived from the original on 31 October 2012. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
^ "How much is a medal actually worth? Not as much as you'd think". Yardbarker.com. 30 July 2012. Archived from the original on 31 July 2012.
^ Magnay, Jacquelin (17 May 2011). "London 2012 torch relay should focus on youth". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 21 May 2011. Retrieved 17 May 2011.
^ "The Olympic Torch Relay". LOCOG. 18 May 2011. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
^ "London 2012 Olympic torch relay route revealed". BBC News. 18 May 2011. Archived from the original on 18 May 2011. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
^ "Dublin to host Olympic Torch". The Irish Times. Dublin. Reuters. 8 December 2011. Archived from the original on 11 December 2011.
^ "London Culture and 2012 Open Meeting" (PDF). Greater London Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 October 2012. Retrieved 19 May 2011.
^ Urquhart, Conal; Davies, Lizzy (28 July 2012). "Olympic Torchbearers who lit cauldron kept it secret from parents". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 14 February 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
^ "New biodiversity plan sets out future for Olympic Park wildlife". London 2012. 27 February 2009. Archived from the original on 9 March 2009. Retrieved 5 March 2009.
^ "London 2012 Olympics 'to miss renewable energy target'". BBC News. 11 April 2011. Archived from the original on 28 May 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
^ "Olympic Games site wind turbine scrapped". BBC News. 4 June 2010. Archived from the original on 19 May 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
^ "Compostable bioplastics set for big win at London Olympics". NNFCC. 31 May 2011. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
^ "Televised Newslinks". PlasticsEurope. 22 June 2012. Archived from the original on 8 March 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
^ "London 2012 seeks sustainable solutions for temporary venues". ODA. Archived from the original on 27 August 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
^ "Olympic Charter" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. 11 February 2010. p. 80. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 May 2011. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
^ "Cultural Olympiad". London 2012. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
^ Brown, Mark (12 March 2012). "Cultural Olympiad 2012 reaches the critical masses". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 29 August 2013. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
^ "London 2012 Olympics opening ceremony called 'The Isles of Wonder'". Olympics Medal Tally. 27 January 2012. Archived from the original on 13 August 2012.
^ "Underworld announced as Music Directors for the opening ceremony of the 2012 London Olympic Games". Underworld. n.d. Archived from the original on 16 December 2012.
^ "Young athletes light London 2012 Olympic flame". BBC News. 28 July 2012. Archived from the original on 28 July 2012.
^ Child, Ben (2 April 2012). "London 2012: Daniel Craig to open Olympics as James Bond". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
^ Martin, Dan (6 June 2012). "Paul McCartney to close London Olympics opening ceremony". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
^ Hirst, Michael; Minard, Jenny; Jeavans, Christine (27 July 2012). "London Olympic Games opening ceremony". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 27 July 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
^ "Weekly Top 3 Programmes w/e 29 Jul 2012". BARB. 10 August 2012. Archived from the original on 1 September 2014.
^ "Closing Ceremony". London 2012. Archived from the original on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
^ Results And Medalists Archived 18 September 2012 at Archive.is. London2012.com. Retrieved on 17 July 2013.
^ Hubbard, Alan (12 December 1999). "City of Manchester Stadium: The Wembley rescuers". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 13 July 2012.
^ "Curtain comes down on 123rd IOC Session". IOC. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
^ Originally Israel had 38 participating athletes but it reduced after swimmer Jonatan Kopelev which qualified for the Olympics had to cancel his participation after removal of his appendix two weeks before the Olympics.
^ "IOC: Kuwait to compete under own flag at Olympics". 15 July 2012. Retrieved 23 July 2012.
^ a b "2012 Olympic Country Houses". London Prepares. Archived from the original on 14 February 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
^ Fraser, Andrew (19 August 2005). "Shooters seek handgun law change". BBC News. Archived from the original on 28 July 2012. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
^ Associated Press (8 July 2008). "British government relaxes gun laws on sport ahead of 2012 Olympics". ESPN. Archived from the original on 29 July 2013. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
^ Tennis: Mixed Doubles Preview NBCOlympics Archived 18 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
^ a b Michaelis, Vicki (8 July 2005). "Baseball, softball bumped from Olympics". USA Today. Archived from the original on 9 July 2008. Retrieved 17 August 2008.
^ "International Olympic Committee – Olympic Games". Olympic.org. Archived from the original on 12 September 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2008.
^ a b De Sarkar, Dipankar (6 August 2008). "London legislator heads for Beijing, wants cricket in 2012 Olympics". Thaindian News. Archived from the original on 15 August 2008. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
^ "Gordon Brown backs Olympic netball". Daily Express. UK. 20 February 2008. Archived from the original on 28 September 2012. Retrieved 10 September 2008.
^ "London 2012 Olympic Games schedule released". BBC News. 15 February 2011. Archived from the original on 12 October 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
^ Crouse, Karen (10 August 2012). "Kenyan Reclaims 5,000-Meter Title From Countrywoman and Rival". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
^ "Kenya's Rudisha Storms to Gold in 800 meters". RIA Novosti. 9 August 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
^ "Eyes on London: Coe hears final lap bell, UK elated over golds, Cyprus gets first medal". The Washington Post. Associated Press. 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 August 2012. [dead link]
^ "Molfetta wins Olympic gold in men's plus-80K". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 10 June 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2012.
^ "Grenada's Kirani James wins Olympic 400m gold". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 6 August 2012. Archived from the original on 9 August 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
^ "Chen wins Olympic 20 km (12 mi) walk, history for Guatemala". Eurosport Asia. 4 August 2012. Archived from the original on 6 August 2012. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
^ "Olympics handball: Norway beat Montenegro to women's gold". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 11 August 2012. Archived from the original on 12 August 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2012.
^ "Medal count – Olympic medal standings". BBC. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
^ "Panasonic Announces 3D P2 HD Shoulder-Mount Camcorder ... for London 2012 Olympic Games" (Press release). Panasonic. 10 April 2011. Archived from the original on 14 April 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
^ "Roger Mosey's Blog". BBC. 29 September 2010. Archived from the original on 3 July 2010. Retrieved 29 September 2010.
^ "US Sports Fans Using Proxy Servers to Watch Olympics on BBC" Archived 15 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine.. International Business Times UK.
^ Social Media Users Express Disappointment with NBC's Olympics Coverage Archived 21 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
^ "Complaints About NBC's Olympics Snafus Rival Record Number of Viewers". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on 30 May 2013.
^ "2012 Olympics on YouTube – YouTube Help". Support.google.com. Archived from the original on 9 May 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
^ Olympic broadcasting rights only to Rupavahini Archived 30 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
^ "BBCSinhala.com - Sandeshaya - Olympic rights 'will not be transferred'". Archived from the original on 11 January 2016.
^ "Muse unveil official Olympic song". BBC News. 28 June 2012. Archived from the original on 6 July 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
^ "Muse song Survival unveiled as the official London 2012 Olympic theme tune". The Daily Telegraph. 28 June 2012. Archived from the original on 23 July 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
^ "Welcome to Royal Mail Group". royalmailgroup.com. 24 August 2009. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
^ "Year-to-go Olympic stamps unveiled by Royal Mail". BBC News. 22 July 2011. Archived from the original on 20 September 2011.
^ "London 2012 £5 coin design success for Midlands pair". BBC News. 14 November 2011. Archived from the original on 29 December 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2012.
^ Kennedy, Maev (23 November 2011). "Olympic one kilo coins to mark London 2012 Games unveiled". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
^ "London 2012 Olympics: 'Inspire a Generation' unveiled as official slogan for Games". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 27 December 2017.
^ "Inspire a Generation! London 2012 motto revealed with Games just 100 days away". Archived from the original on 11 December 2013.
^ "The new London 2012 brand". London 2012. 4 June 2007. Archived from the original on 6 June 2007. Retrieved 4 June 2007.
^ "BBC poll measuring public reaction to the new London Olympics logo". BBC Sport.
^ a b Cowell, Alan (6 June 2007). "British turn up their noses at London Olympics logo". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 March 2017.
^ Stocks, Claire (5 June 2007). "Why we should give London 2012 logo a chance". BBC Sport Editors' blog. Archived from the original on 29 April 2009. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
^ "Epilepsy fears over 2012 footage". BBC News. 5 June 2007. Archived from the original on 11 July 2007. Retrieved 5 June 2007.
^ Glancey, Jonathan (5 June 2007). "How Lisa Simpson got ahead at the Olympics". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 30 October 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
^ Montgomery, Angus (23 July 2012). "London 2012 design icons – the Olympic logo". Design Week. Archived from the original on 30 October 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
^ Mooney, Harrison (29 July 2012). "The worst Olympics ever: the London Games looks ugly – literally". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 30 October 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
^ "Was uns Londons Logo sagen will". Die Zeit (in German). 8 August 2012. Archived from the original on 11 November 2012. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
^ "Zeigt Olympia-Logo Lisa Simpson beim Oralverkehr?". Kronen Zeitung (in German). Vienna. 20 July 2012. Archived from the original on 4 August 2012. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
^ "Ist das Lisa Simpson beim Oralverkehr?". tz (in German). 21 July 2012. Archived from the original on 29 October 2012. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
^ "JO de Londres : la pire promotion du monde ?". France Télévisions (in French). 21 July 2012. Archived from the original on 3 December 2012. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
^ "London Olympics: Iran to compete despite logo complaint". BBC News. 12 March 2011. Archived from the original on 7 August 2012. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
^ "The 8 Worst Fonts In The World". Co.Design. 2010. Archived from the original on 8 August 2012. Retrieved 6 August 2012.
^ "London 2012: 20 lesser-spotted things of the Olympics so far". BBC News. 6 August 2012. Archived from the original on 11 August 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
^ Rhatigan, Dan; Haley, Allan (3 August 2012). "Olympic typography through the years". Wired. San Francisco. Archived from the original on 17 August 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
^ a b c Farquhar, Gordon (19 May 2010). "London 2012 unveils Games mascots Wenlock & Mandeville". BBC News. Archived from the original on 22 May 2010. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
^ "The London 2012 mascots". London 2012. 19 May 2010. Archived from the original on 21 May 2010. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
^ "Home – London 2012 Mascots". Mylondon2012.com. Archived from the original on 8 October 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
^ "Wenlock & Mandeville: London's Olympic mascots". Creative Review blog. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012. Retrieved 16 May 2012.
^ "Behold the One-Eyed Compromise Monster". Globe and Mail. Toronto. 21 May 2010. Archived from the original on 30 January 2017.
^ Rhone, Nedra (21 May 2010). "Atlanta's Olympic mascot meets its ugly match". Journal & Constitution. Atlanta GA. Archived from the original on 1 October 2012. Retrieved 16 May 2012.
^ Alpert, Emily (26 July 2012). "London Olympics: Making sport of mascots Wenlock, Mandeville". Los Angeles Times blog. Archived from the original on 1 October 2012.
^ "Interview: London 2012 Olympic mascots' creator discusses their design". Digital Arts. Archived from the original on 1 October 2012. Retrieved 16 May 2012.
^ "London Fireworks 2012 – New Year Live – BBC One". Youtube.com. 1 January 2012. Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
^ "Chariots of Fire Returns to UK Cinemas Ahead of the Olympics". British Film Institute. 23 March 2012. Archived 28 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Ng, David. "Chariots of Fire is West End-bound, Coinciding with Olympics" Archived 2 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine.. Los Angeles Times. 18 April 2012.
^ "Mr. Bean's 'Chariots Of Fire' Skit At 2012 London Olympics Opening Ceremony". International Business Times. Archived from the original on 31 July 2012. Retrieved 29 July 2012.
^ "Olympic Song - Chariots of Fire by Vangelis". Archived from the original on 5 August 2012.
^ a b "Olympic Games partners | The people delivering the Games". London 2012. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
^ Rogers, Simon (19 July 2012). "London 2012 Olympic sponsors list: who are they and what have they paid?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
^ Carman, Tim (18 July 2012). "McDonald's Olympian achievement in London: A French fry monopoly and largest fast-food restaurant". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 19 July 2017.
^ "All eight women disqualified for throwing badminton matches". NBC Olympics. 1 August 2012. Archived from the original on 1 August 2012. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
^ "Olympics badminton: Eight women disqualified from doubles". BBC Sport. 1 August 2012. Archived from the original on 3 September 2012.
^ "Olympic boxing officials punished for controversial rulings". NBC Olympics. 13 August 2011. Archived from the original on 14 August 2012. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
^ John, Emma (30 July 2012). "Olympics: Kristian Thomas keeps cool as Team GB grab gymnastics bronze". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
^ "Farcical scenes in Japan-Korea judo quarter final". AFP. 29 July 2012. Archived from the original on 26 February 2014.
^ "London 2012 Olympics: Chinese swimmer Ye Shiwen cleared of doping by WADA, says Olympic chief". 31 July 2012. Archived from the original on 20 August 2016.
^ a b "London 2012: All medallists to be drugs tested at Olympics". BBC News. 15 July 2012. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
Book references[edit]
^ Rosner, Scott; Shropshire, Kenneth L. (2010). The Business of Sports. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett. p. 453. ISBN 9780763780784.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2012 Summer Olympics.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for London 2012.
Wikinews has related news:
London to host 2012 Olympic Games
Olympics organisers insist London win in 2012 ballot was fair
Official
"London 2012". Olympic.org. International Olympic Committee.
"Results and Medalists — 2012 Summer Olympics". Olympic.org. International Olympic Committee.
"Official website". Archived from the original on 28 March 2013. Retrieved 4 July 2013. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Archived Official Website, part of the UK Government Web Archive
News media
London 2012 at BBC Online
"2012 Summer Olympics collected news and commentary". The Guardian.
2012 London Olympics at NBC
London Olympics Business at The Telegraph
Preceded by
Beijing Summer Olympic Games
London
XXX Olympiad (2012) Succeeded by
Rio de Janeiro
v
t
e
Olympic Games
Ceremonies
Charter
Participating nations
Summer Olympics
Winter Olympics
Host cities
Bids
Venues
IOC
NOCs
Country codes
Medal
Medal tables
Medalists
Ties
Diploma
Scandals and controversies
Colonialism
Doping
Sports
Symbols
Torch relays
Pierre de Coubertin medal
Women
Deaths
WWI
Olympic video games
Summer Games
1896 Athens
1900 Paris
1904 St. Louis
1908 London
1912 Stockholm
1916 Berlin
1920 Antwerp
1924 Paris
1928 Amsterdam
1932 Los Angeles
1936 Berlin
1940 Tokyo
1944 London
1948 London
1952 Helsinki
1956 Melbourne
1960 Rome
1964 Tokyo
1968 Mexico City
1972 Munich
1976 Montreal
1980 Moscow
1984 Los Angeles
1988 Seoul
1992 Barcelona
1996 Atlanta
2000 Sydney
2004 Athens
2008 Beijing
2012 London
2016 Rio de Janeiro
2020 Tokyo
2024 Paris
2028 Los Angeles
2032 TBD
Winter Games
1924 Chamonix
1928 St. Moritz
1932 Lake Placid
1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen
1940 Sapporo
1944 Cortina d'Ampezzo
1948 St. Moritz
1952 Oslo
1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo
1960 Squaw Valley
1964 Innsbruck
1968 Grenoble
1972 Sapporo
1976 Innsbruck
1980 Lake Placid
1984 Sarajevo
1988 Calgary
1992 Albertville
1994 Lillehammer
1998 Nagano
2002 Salt Lake City
2006 Turin
2010 Vancouver
2014 Sochi
2018 Pyeongchang
2022 Beijing
2026 TBD
2030 TBD
Ancient Olympic Games
Intercalated Games
1906
Paralympic Games
Youth Olympic Games
v
t
e
Bids for the 2012 Summer Olympics
117th Session of the International Olympic Committee (Singapore)
Elected city
London
Candidate cities
Madrid
Moscow
New York
Paris
Applicant cities
Havana
Istanbul
Leipzig
Rio de Janeiro
v
t
e
Nations at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
The Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Ivory Coast
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
São Tomé and Príncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Americas
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Aruba
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Bermuda
Bolivia
Brazil
British Virgin Islands
Canada
Cayman Islands
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Grenada
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Puerto Rico
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago
United States
Uruguay
Venezuela
Virgin Islands
Asia
Afghanistan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Brunei
Cambodia
China
Chinese Taipei
East Timor
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Lebanon
Malaysia
Maldives
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
North Korea
Oman
Pakistan
Palestine
Philippines
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Syria
Tajikistan
Thailand
Turkmenistan
United Arab Emirates
Uzbekistan
Vietnam
Yemen
Europe
Albania
Andorra
Armenia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Belgium
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Georgia
Germany
Great Britain
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macedonia
Malta
Moldova
Monaco
Montenegro
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
San Marino
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
Oceania
American Samoa
Australia
Cook Islands
Fiji
Guam
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Federated States of Micronesia
Nauru
New Zealand
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Others
Independent Olympic Athletes
v
t
e
Events at the 2012 Summer Olympics (London)
Archery
Athletics
Badminton
Basketball
Boxing
Canoeing
Cycling
Diving
Equestrian
Fencing
Field hockey
Football
Gymnastics
Handball
Judo
Modern pentathlon
Rowing
Sailing
Shooting
Swimming
Synchronized swimming
Table tennis
Taekwondo
Tennis
Triathlon
Volleyball
Water polo
Weightlifting
Wrestling
v
t
e
Venues of the 2012 Summer Olympics
Olympic Zone
Aquatics Centre
Basketball Arena
BMX Track
Eton Manor
Copper Box
London Velodrome
Olympic Stadium
Riverbank Arena
Water Polo Arena
River Zone
ExCeL
Greenwich Park
North Greenwich Arena
Royal Artillery Barracks
Central Zone
All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club
Earls Court Exhibition Centre
Hampton Court Palace
Horse Guards Parade
Hyde Park
Lord's
Marathon Course
Wembley Arena
Wembley Stadium
Outside London
Dorney Lake
Hadleigh Farm
Lee Valley White Water Centre
Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy
Football stadia
City of Coventry Stadium
Hampden Park
Millennium Stadium
Old Trafford
St James' Park
Category
Commons
v
t
e
History of London
Evolution
Londinium
Lundenwic
City of London
City of Westminster
Middlesex
County of London
Greater London
Timeline
Periods
Roman London
Anglo-Saxon London
Norman and Medieval London
Tudor London
Stuart London
18th-century London
19th-century London
1900–39
The Blitz
1945–2000
21st century
Events
Peasants' Revolt
Black Death
Great Plague
Great Fire
1854 cholera outbreak
Great Stink
Great Exhibition
1908 Franco-British Exhibition
The Battle of Cable Street
Festival of Britain
Great Smog
Swinging London
London Plan
1966 FIFA World Cup Final
7/7 bombings
Olympic Games (1908
1948
2012)
2012 Summer Paralympics
Grenfell Tower fire
Government
Metropolitan Board of Works
London County Council
Greater London Council
Greater London Authority
London Assembly
Mayor of London
London independence
Services
Bow Street Runners
Metropolitan Police Service
London Ambulance Service
London Fire Brigade
Port of London Authority
London sewerage system
London Underground
City of London
City of London Corporation
Lord Mayor of the City of London
Wards of the City of London
Guildhall
Livery Companies
Lord Mayor's Show
City of London Police
Bank of England
Structures
St Paul's Cathedral
Tower of London
Palace of Whitehall
Westminster Hall
London Bridge
Tower Bridge
Westminster Abbey
Big Ben
The Monument
Fortifications
Category
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 140973948
LCCN: nb2006008174
GND: 7730081-6
SELIBR: 390963
NKC: xx0149160
Olympics portal
2010s portal
United Kingdom portal
London portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2012_Summer_Olympics&oldid=838489947"
Categories:
2012 Summer Olympics
2012 in British sport
2012 in London
2012 in multi-sport events
Olympic Games in the United Kingdom
Summer Olympics in London
Summer Olympics by year
July 2012 sports events in Europe
August 2012 sports events in Europe
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
Webarchive template archiveis links
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from July 2013
CS1 German-language sources (de)
CS1 French-language sources (fr)
Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages
Use dmy dates from January 2018
Use British English from August 2012
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from February 2018
Articles with unsourced statements from November 2016
Wikipedia articles in need of updating from November 2017
All Wikipedia articles in need of updating
Wikipedia articles in need of updating from October 2012
CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown
Guardian topic ID same as Wikidata
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Wikinews
Wikivoyage
Languages
Afrikaans
Аҧсшәа
العربية
Aragonés
Asturianu
Avañe'ẽ
Azərbaycanca
বাংলা
Bân-lâm-gú
Башҡортса
Беларуская
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
Български
བོད་ཡིག
Bosanski
Brezhoneg
Català
Чӑвашла
Čeština
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Føroyskt
Français
Frysk
Gaeilge
Galego
한국어
Հայերեն
हिन्दी
Hrvatski
Ido
Bahasa Indonesia
Interlingue
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
Basa Jawa
ქართული
Қазақша
Коми
Кыргызча
Лезги
Latina
Latviešu
Lëtzebuergesch
Lietuvių
Magyar
Македонски
Malagasy
മലയാളം
मराठी
مصرى
Bahasa Melayu
Монгол
မြန်မာဘာသာ
Nāhuatl
Nederlands
नेपाली
日本語
Nordfriisk
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Олык марий
Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
پنجابی
Polski
Português
Română
Runa Simi
Русский
Саха тыла
Scots
Shqip
Sicilianu
සිංහල
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
کوردی
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog
தமிழ்
Татарча/tatarça
ไทย
Тоҷикӣ
Türkçe
Türkmençe
Українська
اردو
Vepsän kel’
Tiếng Việt
ייִדיש
Yorùbá
粵語
Žemaitėška
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 27 April 2018, at 10:42.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view

value: mw-page-base noprint

value: mw-head-base noprint

value: siteNotice mw-body-content

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attr: role class

value:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: Four abstract shapes placed in a quadrant formation spelling out "2012". The word "London" is written in the shape representing the "2", while the Olympic rings are placed in the shape representing the "0".

value: List of people who have opened the Olympic Games

value: List of people who have lit the Olympic Cauldron

value:
/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(London)
mw-redirect
Olympic Stadium (London)

value: font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;background: #BFD7FF; text-align: center; font-size: 110%; padding-right: 1.5em;

value:
/wiki/London_2012_Olympic_Legacy
mw-redirect
London 2012 Olympic Legacy

value: Venues of the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics

value: List of 2012 Summer Olympics broadcasters

value: Chronological summary of the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: List of 2012 Summer Olympics medal winners

value: World and Olympic records set at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Concerns and controversies at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: 2012 Olympics one minute of silence campaign

value: 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony flag bearers

value: London Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games

value:
padding-top: 5px; text-align: center
hlist

value:
plainlinks hlist navbar mini
float:right

value: font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center;text-align: left

value: float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;width: 22em

value:
/wiki/Group_stage
mw-redirect
Group stage

value: Football at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament

value: New York City bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)

value:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

value:
/wiki/Olympic_Park,_London
mw-redirect
Olympic Park, London

value: United States at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Great Britain at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Edit section: Development and preparation

value: London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games

value: Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy

value: Aerial view of the Olympic Park in April 2012

value: File:Olympic Park, London, 16 April 2012 (2).jpg

value: margin-left: auto; margin-right:auto; overflow:hidden; width:auto; max-width:808px;

value:
/wiki/North_Greenwich_Arena_2
mw-redirect
North Greenwich Arena 2

value:
/wiki/Olympic_Javelin
mw-redirect
Olympic Javelin

value:
/wiki/East_London_Line
mw-redirect
East London Line

value:
/wiki/North_London_Line
mw-redirect
North London Line

value:
/wiki/The_O2_(London)
mw-redirect
The O2 (London)

value:
/wiki/Eton_Dorney
mw-redirect
Eton Dorney

value:
/wiki/Olympic_Route_Network
mw-redirect
Olympic Route Network

value:
/wiki/Portland,_England
mw-redirect
Portland, England

value: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2016)

value: Uniform Distribution and Accreditation Centre

value:
/wiki/Olympic_Flag
mw-redirect
Olympic Flag

value:
/wiki/Paralympic_flag
mw-redirect
Paralympic flag

value:
/wiki/City_Hall_(London)
mw-redirect
City Hall (London)

value:
/wiki/British_armed_forces
mw-redirect
British armed forces

value:
/wiki/Starstreak_(missile)
mw-redirect
Starstreak (missile)

value:
/wiki/Panathinaiko_Stadium
mw-redirect
Panathinaiko Stadium

value:
/wiki/RNAS_Culdrose
mw-redirect
RNAS Culdrose

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.protectorlamp.com

value:
/wiki/Desiree_Henry
mw-redirect
Desiree Henry

value: 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics cauldron

value: The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (November 2017)

value: Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers

value:
/wiki/East_Village,_Stratford
mw-redirect
East Village, Stratford

value:
/wiki/London_2012_Festival
mw-redirect
London 2012 Festival

value:
/wiki/Mayor_of_Rio_de_Janeiro
mw-redirect
Mayor of Rio de Janeiro

value: Edit section: Participating National Olympic Committees

value: Independent Olympic Athletes at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #540000; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;

value: -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column

value: display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #F90000; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;

value: display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #F7931D; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;

value: display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #FFE600; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;

value: display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #00BB05; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;

value: display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #0093F7; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;

value: Category:Nations at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: American Samoa at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Antigua and Barbuda at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Bosnia and Herzegovina at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: British Virgin Islands at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Burkina Faso at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Cayman Islands at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Central African Republic at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Democratic Republic of the Congo at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Cook Islands at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Czech Republic at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Dominican Republic at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Equatorial Guinea at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Guinea-Bissau at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Liechtenstein at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Marshall Islands at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Federated States of Micronesia at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Papua New Guinea at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Saint Kitts and Nevis at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: São Tomé and Príncipe at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Saudi Arabia at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Sierra Leone at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Solomon Islands at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: South Africa at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Chinese Taipei at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Trinidad and Tobago at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Turkmenistan at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: United Arab Emirates at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Virgin Islands at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: -moz-column-width: 17em; -webkit-column-width: 17em; column-width: 17em;

value: Template:2012 Summer Olympics Participating National Olympic Committees

value: wikitable collapsible collapsed sortable

value:
/wiki/Business_Design_Centre
mw-redirect
Business Design Centre

value:
/wiki/St_Katherine_Docks
mw-redirect
St Katherine Docks

value: The Big Chill House (page does not exist)

value:
/wiki/London_County_Hall
mw-redirect
London County Hall

value: Worshipful Company of Glaziers and Painters of Glass

value:
/wiki/Tricycle_Theatre
mw-redirect
Tricycle Theatre

value: Synchronized swimming at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: List of cyclists at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Field hockey at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Modern pentathlon at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Table tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Weightlifting at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; border: 0; background:transparent; width:100%;

value:
/wiki/Roller_sports
mw-redirect
Roller sports

value:
/wiki/Twenty20_cricket
mw-redirect
Twenty20 cricket

value: background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center;

value: Men's 20 km walk, Women's discus throw, Men's long jump, Women's heptathlon, Men's 10,000 m, Women's 100 m

value: Women's marathon, Women's triple jump, Men's hammer throw, Women's 400 m, Men's 3000 m steeplechase, Men's 100 m

value: Women's pole vault, Women's shot put, Men's 400 m hurdles, Women's 3000 m steeplechase, Men's 400 m

value: Men's high jump, Men's discus throw, Men's 1500 m, Women's 100 m hurdles

value: Women's long jump, Women's 400 m hurdles, Women's 200 m, Men's 110 m hurdles

value: Men's triple jump, Men's 800 m, Men's 200 m, Women's javelin throw, Men's decathlon

value: Men's pole vault, Women's hammer throw, Women's 5000 m, Women's 4 × 100 m relay, Women's 1500 m, Men's 4 × 400 m relay

value: Men's 50 km walk, Women's 20 km walk, Women's high jump, Men's javelin throw, Men's 5000 m, Women's 800 m, Women's 4 × 400 m relay, Men's 4 × 100 m relay

value: Women's 51 kg, Women's 60 kg, Women's 75 kg

value: Men's 49 kg, Men's 56 kg, Men's 64 kg, Men's 75 kg, Men's 91 kg

value: Men's 52 kg, Men's 60 kg, Men's 69 kg, Men's 81 kg, Men's +91 kg

value: Women's omnium, Women's sprint, Men's keirin

value: Men's individual épée, Women's individual sabre

value: Men's floor, Men's pommel horse, Women's vault

value: Men's vault, Men's rings, Women's uneven bars

value: Men's parallel bars, Men's horizontal bar, Women's floor, Women's balance beam

value: Women's pair, Women's quadruple sculls, Men's eight

value: Men's double sculls, Men's lightweight four, Women's eight

value: Men's quadruple sculls, Men's pair, Women's double sculls, Men's single sculls

value: Men's four, Women's lightweight double sculls, Men's lightweight double sculls, Women's single sculls

value: Men's Laser class, Women's Laser Radial class

value: Women's 10 m air rifle, Men's 10 m air pistol

value: Men's 50 m rifle prone, Men's 25 m rapid fire pistol

value: Women's 50 m rifle three positions, Women's trap

value: Men's 50 m rifle three positions, Men's trap

value: Men's 400 m individual medley, Men's 400 m freestyle, Women's 400 m individual medley, Women's 4 × 100 m freestyle relay

value: Women's 100 m butterfly, Men's 100 m breaststroke, Women's 400 m freestyle, Men's 4 × 100 m freestyle relay

value: Men's 200 m freestyle, Women's 100 m backstroke, Men's 100 m backstroke, Women's 100 m breaststroke

value: Women's 200 m freestyle, Men's 200 m butterfly, Women's 200 m individual medley, Men's 4 × 200 m freestyle relay

value: Men's 200 m breaststroke, Women's 200 m butterfly, Men's 100 m freestyle, Women's 4 × 200 m freestyle relay

value: Women's 200 m breaststroke, Men's 200 m backstroke, Men's 200 m individual medley, Women's 100 m freestyle

value: Women's 200 m backstroke, Men's 100 m butterfly, Women's 800 m freestyle, Men's 50 m freestyle

value: Women's 50 m freestyle, Men's 1500 m freestyle, Women's 4 × 100 m medley relay, Men's 4 × 100 m medley relay

value: Men's singles, Women's doubles, Mixed doubles

value: Men's Greco-Roman 55 kg, Men's Greco-Roman 74 kg

value: Men's Greco-Roman 60 kg, Men's Greco-Roman 84 kg, Men's Greco-Roman 120 kg

value: Men's Greco-Roman 66 kg, Men's Greco-Roman 96 kg

value: Women's freestyle 48 kg, Women's freestyle 63 kg

value: Women's freestyle 55 kg, Women's freestyle 72 kg

value: Men's freestyle 55 kg, Men's freestyle 74 kg

value: Men's freestyle 60 kg, Men's freestyle 84 kg, Men's freestyle 120 kg

value: Men's freestyle 66 kg, Men's freestyle 96 kg

value: margin:0.5em auto; font-size:90%; line-height:1.25em;width:75%;

attr: alt src title width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value:
wikitable sortable plainrowheaders
text-align: center

value: background-color:#ccccff; color:black; border:1px solid darkgray; text-align:center;

value: background-color:#ffffff; color:black; border:1px solid darkgray; text-align:center;

value:
/wiki/Sports_commentary
mw-redirect
Sports commentary

value: margin-left: auto; margin-right:auto; overflow:hidden; width:auto; max-width:608px;

value:
/wiki/Best_Picture_Oscar
mw-redirect
Best Picture Oscar

value: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update

value: Controversies at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Badminton at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's doubles

value: Use of performance-enhancing drugs in the Olympic Games

value:
nofollow
external text
https://dx.doi.org/10.1558/genl.28858

value:
/wiki/Equinox_Publishing_(London)
mw-redirect
Equinox Publishing (London)

value:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1558%2Fgenl.28858

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-19233495

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.sailing.org/news/12257.php

value:
/wiki/International_Sailing_Federation
mw-redirect
International Sailing Federation

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10154343

value:
nofollow
external text
//ssrn.com/abstract=2804554

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.london2012.com/volunteer

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13758141

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14008482

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14066068

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13918958

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-16195861

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-18677289

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14291544

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13426353

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.guardian.co.uk

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10234665

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-19008471

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-12724166

value:
nofollow
http://www.ourlondon2012.com/mascots/
external text

value:
nofollow
http://www.mylondon2012.com/mascots/
external text

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.bfi.org.uk/news/173

value: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

value:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

value: wikinews:London to host 2012 Olympic Games

value: wikinews:Olympics organisers insist London win in 2012 ballot was fair

value:
nofollow
external text
https://www.olympic.org/london-2012

value: Category:CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.bbc.co.uk/2012

value:
col
navbox-title
3
background: #DDEBFF;background: #BFD7FF

value: List of participating nations at the Summer Olympic Games

value: List of participating nations at the Winter Olympic Games

value: List of Olympic Games scandals and controversies

value:
navbox-abovebelow hlist
3
background: #DDEBFF;background: #D5E6FF

value:
row
navbox-group
background: #DDEBFF;width:1%

value: padding:0em 0.25em -moz-column-width: 15em; -webkit-column-width: 15em; column-width: 15em;

value: navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist wraplinks

value:
navbox-image
2
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

value: navbox-list navbox-even plainlist wraplinks

value: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value: Template:Bids for the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Template talk:Bids for the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Bidding cities for the 2012 Summer Olympics.

value:
navbox-image
3
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

value: Template:Nations at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Template talk:Nations at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

value: Template:Events at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Template talk:Events at the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: Template talk:2012 Summer Olympics venues

value:
/wiki/London_Velopark
mw-redirect
London Velopark

value: London Olympic Stadium Interior - April 2012.jpg

value:
navbox-image
5
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

value: All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club

value: commons:Category:Venues of the 2012 Summer Olympics

value: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value:
navbox-image
7
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

value: History of the Metropolitan Police Service

value:
/wiki/Westminster_Hall
mw-redirect
Westminster Hall

value: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

value:
nofollow
external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/140973948

value:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/7730081-6

value:
nofollow
external text
https://libris.kb.se/auth/390963

value: Clock Tower - Palace of Westminster, London - May 2007 icon.png

value:
noprint metadata navbox
navigation
Portals
font-weight:bold;padding:0.4em 2em

value: Category:Olympic Games in the United Kingdom

value: Category:July 2012 sports events in Europe

value: Category:August 2012 sports events in Europe

value: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

value: Category:Webarchive template archiveis links

value: Category:All articles with dead external links

value: Category:Articles with dead external links from July 2013

value: Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)

value: Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)

value: Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages

value: Category:Use dmy dates from January 2018

value: Category:Use British English from August 2012

value: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

value: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2018

value: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2016

value: Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from November 2017

value: Category:All Wikipedia articles in need of updating

value: Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from October 2012

value: Category:Guardian topic ID same as Wikidata

value: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

value: Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers

value: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

value: Category:Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]

value:
/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics
View the content page [c]
c

value:
/wiki/Talk:2012_Summer_Olympics
discussion
Discussion about the content page [t]
t

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [x]
x

value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

value: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

value: A list of recent changes in the wiki [r]

value: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

value: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]

value: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [u]
u

value:
/wiki/Special:SpecialPages
A list of all special pages [q]
q

value: Permanent link to this revision of the page

value: Link to connected data repository item [g]

value: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

value: interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

value: الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2012 – Arabic

value: Chuegos Olimpicos de Londres 2012 – Aragonese

value: Xuegos Olímpicos de Londres 2012 – Asturian

value: 2012 Yay Olimpiya Oyunları – Azerbaijani

value: ২০১২ গ্রীষ্মকালীন অলিম্পিক – Bangla

value: 2012 nî Hā-kùi Olympic Ūn-tōng-hoē – Chinese (Min Nan)

value: Йәйге Олимпия уйындары 2012 – Bashkir

value: Летнія Алімпійскія гульні 2012 – Belarusian

value: Летнія Алімпійскія гульні 2012 году – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

value: Летни олимпийски игри 2012 – Bulgarian

value: ༢༠༡༢ལོའི་དབྱར་ཁའི་ཨའོ་ལིན་ཕིག་ལུས་རྩལ་འགྲན་ཚོགས། – Tibetan

value: 2012 çуллахи Олимп вăййисем – Chuvash

value: 2012. aasta suveolümpiamängud – Estonian

value: Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 2012 – Greek

value: Juegos Olímpicos de Londres 2012 – Spanish

value: بازی‌های المپیک تابستانی ۲۰۱۲ – Persian

value: Olympyske Simmerspullen 2012 – Western Frisian

value: Cluichí Oilimpeacha an tSamhraidh 2012 – Irish

value: Ամառային օլիմպիական խաղեր 2012 – Armenian

value: 2012 ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलम्पिक – Hindi

value: XXX. Olimpijske igre - London 2012. – Croatian

value: Olimpic Ludes del Estive 2012 – Interlingue

value: אולימפיאדת לונדון (2012) – Hebrew

value: ზაფხულის ოლიმპიური თამაშები 2012 – Georgian

value: XXX жазғы Олимпиада ойындары (2012) – Kazakh

value: Гожся Олимпиада ворсӧмъяс (2012) – Komi

value: 2012 Гатун Олимпия къугъунар – Lezghian

value: 2012. gada vasaras olimpiskās spēles – Latvian

value: Olympesch Summerspiller 2012 – Luxembourgish

value: 2012 m. vasaros olimpinės žaidynės – Lithuanian

value: 2012. évi nyári olimpiai játékok – Hungarian

value: Летни олимписки игри 2012 – Macedonian

value: Lalao Olimpikan'ny fahavaratra 2012 – Malagasy

value: ഒളിമ്പിക്സ് 2012 (ലണ്ടൻ) – Malayalam

value: २०१२ उन्हाळी ऑलिंपिक – Marathi

value: Лондоны олимп (2012 он) – Mongolian

value: လန်ဒန် အိုလံပစ် ၂၀၁၂ – Burmese

value: Olimpiayōtl Nemīmīnaliztli Londres 2012 – Nāhuatl

value: २०१२ ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलम्पिक – Nepali

value: 2012年ロンドンオリンピック – Japanese

value: Olympisk Somerspalen 2012 – Northern Frisian

value: Кеҥеж Олимпий модмаш - Лондон 2012 – Eastern Mari

value: 2012 ਓਲੰਪਿਕ ਖੇਡਾਂ – Punjabi

value: Letnie Igrzyska Olimpijskie 2012 – Polish

value: Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2012 – Portuguese

value: Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 2012 – Romanian

value: Летние Олимпийские игры 2012 – Russian

value: Лондоннааҕы Олимпиада 2012 – Sakha

value: 2012 ගිම්හාන ඔලිම්පික් – Sinhala

value: Poletne olimpijske igre 2012 – Slovenian

value: ئۆڵمپیکی ھاوینەی ٢٠١٢ – Central Kurdish

value: Летње олимпијске игре 2012. – Serbian

value: Palarong Olimpiko sa Tag-init 2012 – Tagalog

value: 2012 கோடைக்கால ஒலிம்பிக் விளையாட்டுப் போட்டிகள் – Tamil

value: Җәйге Олимпия уеннары 2012 – Tatar

value: โอลิมปิกฤดูร้อน 2012 – Thai

value: Бозиҳои олимпии тобистона 2012 – Tajik

value: 2012-nji ýyly tomusky Olimpiýa oýunlary – Turkmen

value: Літні Олімпійські ігри 2012 – Ukrainian

value: 2012ء گرمائی اولمپکس – Urdu

value: זומער אלימפיאדע 2012 – Yiddish

value: Àwọn Ìdíje Òlímpíkì Ìgbà Oru 2012 – Yoruba

value: 2012 m. vasaras uolėmpėnės žaidīnės – Samogitian

value: 2012年夏季奥林匹克运动会 – Chinese

value: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

value: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-2012_Summer_Olympics rootpage-2012_Summer_Olympics skin-vector action-view