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Augusta National Golf Club
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Augusta National Golf Club
The 10th fairway and green in 2006
Club information
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Coordinates
33°30′N 82°01′W / 33.5°N 82.02°W / 33.5; -82.02Coordinates: 33°30′N 82°01′W / 33.5°N 82.02°W / 33.5; -82.02
Location
Augusta, Georgia, U.S.
Elevation
160–310 feet (50–95 m)
Established
1933, 85 years ago
Type
Private
Total holes
18
Tournaments hosted
Masters Tournament
(1934–present)
PGA Seniors' Championship
1937–38
Greens
Bentgrass
Fairways
Ryegrass [1]
Website
masters.com
Designed by
Bobby Jones and
Alister MacKenzie[2]
Par
72
Length
7,435 yd (6,799 m)[2]
Longest hole is #2
575 yd (526 m)
Course rating
78.1 (unofficial)[3]
Slope rating
137 (unofficial)[3]
Course record
63 - Nick Price (1986),
Greg Norman (1996)[2]
Augusta National Golf Club, located in Augusta, Georgia, is one of the most famous golf clubs in the world. Founded by Bobby Jones and Clifford Roberts on the site of the former Fruitland (later Fruitlands) Nursery, the course was designed by Jones and Alister MacKenzie[2] and opened for play in January 1933. Since 1934, it has played host to the annual Masters Tournament, one of the four major championships in professional golf, and the only major played each year at the same course. It was the top-ranked course in Golf Digest's 2009 list of America's 100 greatest courses[4] and was the number ten-ranked course based on course architecture on Golfweek Magazine's 2011 list of best classic courses in the United States.[5]
The club has drawn criticism for its exclusionary membership policies: Augusta National barred African Americans until 1990[6] and women until 2012. The club, which long required all caddies to be black,[7] barred black golfers from the Masters Tournament for 40 years until Lee Elder participated in the 1975 Tournament. Tiger Woods was the only person of color who won the tournament.
In 2018, Augusta National Golf Club was voted the number one Platinum Club of the World, Golf & Country Clubs by the election conducted by Club Leaders Forum.[8][better source needed]
On April 4, 2018, Fred Ridley, in his first major appearance as chairman of Augusta National Golf Club, announced that the Augusta National Women's Amateur Championship would start in 2019. The tournament will take place a week before the 2019 Masters Tournament.[9]
Contents
[hide]
1 Course
1.1 Amen Corner
1.2 "The Big Oak Tree"
1.3 Eisenhower Tree
1.4 Ike's Pond
1.5 Rae's Creek
2 Membership
2.1 Notable members
2.2 Chairmen
2.3 2002 membership controversy
3 Green jacket
4 Caddies
5 Appearances in video games
6 References
7 External links
Course[edit]
The course was formerly a plant nursery,[10] and each hole on the course is named after the tree or shrub with which it has become associated. Several of the holes on the first nine have been renamed, as well as hole #11.[11]
Hole
Name
Yards
Par
Hole
Name
Yards
Par
1 Tea Olive 445 4 10 Camellia 495 4
2 Pink Dogwood 575 5 11 White Dogwood 505 4
3 Flowering Peach 350 4 12 Golden Bell 155 3
4 Flowering Crab Apple 240 3 13 Azalea 510 5
5 Magnolia 455 4 14 Chinese Fir 440 4
6 Juniper 180 3 15 Firethorn 530 5
7 Pampas 450 4 16 Redbud 170 3
8 Yellow Jasmine 570 5 17 Nandina 440 4
9 Carolina Cherry 460 4 18 Holly 465 4
Out 3,725 36 In 3,710 36
Source:[2][12] Total 7,435 72
Masters Course
Tee
Rating/Slope
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Out
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
In
Total
Par
4
5
4
3
4
3
4
5
4
36
4
4
3
5
4
5
3
4
4
36
72
Masters
455
575
350
240
455
180
450
570
460
3735
495
505
155
510
440
530
170
440
465
3710
7445
Member
365
515
340
170
400
165
330
480
395
3160
450
400
145
455
380
475
145
370
385
3205
6365
Lengths of the course for the Masters at the start of each decade:
2010: 7,435 yards (6,799 m)
2000: 6,985 yards (6,387 m)
1990: 6,905 yards (6,314 m)
1980: 7,040 yards (6,437 m)
1970: 6,980 yards (6,383 m)
1960: 6,980 yards (6,383 m)
1950: 6,900 yards (6,309 m)
1940: 6,800 yards (6,218 m)[2]
Unlike most other private or public golf courses in the US, Augusta National has never been rated. During the 1990 Masters Tournament, a team of USGA raters, organized by Golf Digest, evaluated the course and gave it an unofficial rating of 76.2. It was re-evaluated in 2009 and given an unofficial rating of 78.1.[3]
The golf course architecture website GolfClubAtlas.com has said, "Augusta National has gone through more changes since its inception than any of the world's twenty or so greatest courses. To call it a MacKenzie course is false advertising as his features are essentially long gone and his routing is all that is left." The authors of the site also add that MacKenzie and Jones were heavily influenced by the Old Course at St Andrews, and intended that the ground game be central to the course. Almost from Augusta's opening, Roberts sought to make changes to minimize the ground game, and effectively got free rein to do so because MacKenzie died shortly after the course's opening and Jones went into inactivity due to World War II and then a crippling illness. The authors add, "With the ground game gone, the course was especially vulnerable to changes in technology, and this brought on a slew of changes from at least 15 different 'architects'."[13] Golf Course Histories has an aerial comparison of the architectural changes for Augusta National Golf Club for the year 1938 versus 2013.[14]
Among the changes to the course were several made by architect Perry Maxwell in 1937, including an important alteration involving the current 10th hole. When Augusta National originally opened for play in January 1933, the opening hole (now the 10th) was a relatively benign par 4 that played just in excess of 400 yards. From an elevated tee, the hole required little more than a short iron or wedge for the approach. Maxwell moved the green in 1937 to its present location – on top of the hill, about 50 yards back from the old site – and transformed it into the toughest hole in Masters Tournament history. Ben Crenshaw referred to Maxwell's work on the 10th hole as "one of the great strokes in golf architecture".[15]
For the 1999 tournament, a short rough was instated around the fairways. Referred to as the second cut, it is substantially shorter than the comparable primary rough at other courses, with an average length of 1.625 inches (4.13 cm). It is meant to reduce a player's ability to control the ball coming out of this lie, and encourage better accuracy for driving onto the fairway.[16][17]
Amen Corner[edit]
The second shot at the 11th, all of the 12th, and the first two shots at the 13th hole at Augusta are nicknamed "Amen Corner". This term was first used in print by author Herbert Warren Wind in his April 21, 1958, Sports Illustrated article about the Masters that year.[18] In a Golf Digest article in April 1984, 26 years later, Wind told about its origin. He said he wanted a catchy phrase like baseball's "hot-corner" or football's "coffin-corner" to explain where some of the most exciting golf had taken place (the Palmer-Venturi rules issue at twelve, over an embedded ball ruling and how it was handled,[19] in particular). Thus "Amen Corner" was born. He said it came from the title of a jazz record he had heard in the mid-1930s by a group led by Chicago's Mezz Mezzrow, Shouting in that Amen Corner.[20] In a Golf Digest article in April 2008, writer Bill Fields added some new updated information about the origin of the name. He wrote that Richard Moore, a golf and jazz historian from South Carolina, tried to purchase a copy of the old Mezzrow 78 RPM disc for an "Amen Corner" exhibit he was putting together for his Golf Museum at Ahmic Lake, Ontario. After extensive research, Moore found that the record never existed. As Moore put it, Wind, himself a jazz buff, must have "unfortunately bogeyed his mind, 26 years later". While at Yale, he was no doubt familiar with, and meant all along, the popular version of the song (with the correct title, "Shoutin' in that Amen Corner" written by Andy Razaf), which was recorded by the Dorsey Brothers Orchestra, vocal by Mildred Bailey (Brunswick label No. 6655) in 1935. Moore told Fields that, being a great admirer of Wind's work over the years, he was reluctant, for months, to come forth with his discovery that contradicted Wind's memory. Moore's discovery was first reported in Golf World magazine in 2007, before Fields' longer article in Golf Digest in 2008.
In 1958 Arnold Palmer outlasted Ken Venturi to win the tournament with heroic escapes at Amen Corner. Amen Corner also played host to Masters moments such as Byron Nelson's birdie-eagle at 12 and 13 in 1937, and Sam Snead's water save at 12 in 1949 that sparked him to victory. On the flip side of fate, Jordan Spieth's quadruple bogey on 12 during Sunday's final round in 2016 cost him his 2-stroke lead and ultimately the championship.
"The Big Oak Tree"[edit]
"The Big Oak Tree" is on the golf course side of the clubhouse and was planted in the 1850s.[21]
Eisenhower Tree[edit]
Main article: Eisenhower Tree
Eisenhower Tree in 2011
Also known as the "Eisenhower Pine", a loblolly pine was located on the 17th hole, approximately 210 yards (192 m) from the Masters tee. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, an Augusta National member, hit the tree so many times that, at a 1956 club meeting, he proposed that it be cut down.[22] Not wanting to offend the president, the club's chairman, Clifford Roberts, immediately adjourned the meeting rather than reject the request. In February 2014, the Eisenhower Tree was removed after suffering extensive damage during an ice storm.[23]
Ike's Pond[edit]
During a visit to Augusta National, then-General Eisenhower returned from a walk through the woods on the eastern part of the grounds, and informed Clifford Roberts that he had found a perfect place to build a dam if the club would like a fish pond. Ike's Pond was built and named, and the dam is located just where Eisenhower said it should be.[24] This is also the location that Roberts committed suicide by gunshot in 1977. At age 83, he had been in ill health for several months with cancer and had a debilitating stroke.
Rae's Creek[edit]
Rae's Creek cuts across the southeastern corner of the Augusta National property. It flows along the back of the 11th green, in front of the 12th green, and ahead of the 13th tee. This is the lowest point in elevation of the course. The Hogan and Nelson Bridges cross the creek after the 12th and 13th tee boxes, respectively. The creek was named after former property owner John Rae, who died in 1789.[25]
Rae's Creek runs in front of No. 12 green, has a tributary evident at No. 13 tee, and flows at the back of No. 11 green. It was Rae's house which was the farthest fortress up the Savannah River from Fort Augusta. The house kept residents safe during Indian attacks when the fort was out of reach.
Membership[edit]
Augusta National Golf Club has about 300 members at any given time. Membership is strictly by invitation: there is no application process. In 2004, USA Today published a list of all the current members.[26] Membership is believed to cost between $10,000 and $30,000 and annual dues were estimated in 2009 to be less than $10,000 per year.[27]
Augusta invited and accepted its first African-American member, TV executive Ron Townsend,[28] in 1990 following a controversy at Shoal Creek Golf and Country Club.[6] Shoal Creek, an all-white golf club in Alabama, refused membership to African Americans. The club also faced demands that the PGA Championship not be held there because of racist comments by the club's founder.[29]
In his 2012 pre-Masters press conference, Chairman Billy Payne declined to discuss the club's then-continued refusal to admit women.[30][31] He defended the club's position by noting that in 2011, more than 15% of the non-tournament rounds were played by female players who were member guests or spouses of active members.[30] However, on August 20, 2012, Augusta National admitted its first two female members, Condoleezza Rice and Darla Moore.[32][33]
Notable members[edit]
Notable current members include:
Warren Buffett, CEO of Berkshire Hathaway[26][34]
Pete Coors, former chairman and CEO of Coors Brewing Company and Molson Coors Brewing Company, current chairman of MillerCoors[26]
Bill Gates, co-founder and chairman of Microsoft[34]
Roger Goodell, commissioner of the National Football League[35]
Pat Haden, former NFL player and former athletic director at the University of Southern California[36]
Lou Holtz, former college football coach[26]
Hugh L. McColl Jr., former CEO of Bank of America[34]
Darla Moore, South Carolina businesswoman[32]
Sam Nunn, former United States Senator from Georgia[26][34]
Sam Palmisano, former CEO of IBM[26][34]
T. Boone Pickens, Jr., oil tycoon[26][34]
Condoleezza Rice, former United States Secretary of State[32]
Henry Waite, former Chairman of HUFF Productions
Simon Chirayath, British businessman
James D. Robinson III, former CEO of American Express[34]
Lynn Swann, former NFL player and current athletic director at the University of Southern California[37]
Jack Welch, former CEO of General Electric[38]
Matt Rose, former CEO of BNSF Railway
Jack Nicklaus, Hall of Fame golfer, six-time Masters champion, and the only Masters champion who is currently a regular member of the club[39]
Recently deceased members include:
Arnold Palmer, Hall of Fame golfer and four-time Masters champion, was also a regular member when he died in September 2016.[39]
Melvin Laird, former United States Secretary of Defense (died November 2016)
Robert Sumner former pastor (died December 2016)
Frank Broyles, former athletic director at the University of Arkansas (died August 2017)[40]
Chairmen[edit]
Clifford Roberts (1931–1976)
William Lane (1976–1980)
Hord Hardin (1980–1991)
Jackson T. Stephens (1991–1998)
Hootie Johnson (1998–2006)
Billy Payne (2006–2017)
Fred Ridley (2017–present)
In 1966, the governing board of Augusta National passed a resolution honoring founder Bobby Jones with the position of President in Perpetuity.
2002 membership controversy[edit]
Augusta National and its Chairman Hootie Johnson are widely known for a disagreement beginning in 2002 with Martha Burk, then chair of the Washington-based National Council of Women's Organizations; the dispute arose over Augusta National's refusal to admit female members to the club.[41] Burk said she found out about the club's policies in a USA Today column by Christine Brennan published April 11, 2002. She then wrote a private letter to Johnson, saying that hosting the Masters Tournament at a male-only club constituted sexism.[42] Johnson characterized Burk's approach as "offensive and coercive".[43][44] Responding to efforts to link the issue to sexism and civil rights,[43] Johnson maintained that the issue had to do with the rights of any private club:[43][45]
“ Our membership is single gender just as many other organizations and clubs all across America. These would include Junior Leagues, sororities, fraternities, Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts, and countless others. And we all have a moral and legal right to organize our clubs the way we wish.[46] ”
Burk, whose childhood nickname was also Hootie,[47] claimed to have been "called a man hater, anti-family, lesbian, all the usual things."[42] Johnson was portrayed as a Senator Claghorn type[48]—"a blustery defender of all things Southern".[48]
Following the discord, two club members resigned: Thomas H. Wyman, a former CEO of CBS, and John Snow, when President George W. Bush nominated him to serve as Secretary of the Treasury.[42] Pressure on corporate sponsors led the club to broadcast the 2003 and 2004 tournaments without commercials. The controversy was discussed by the International Olympic Committee when re-examining whether golf meets Olympic criteria of a "sport practiced without discrimination with a spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair play".[49] Augusta National extended membership to Condoleezza Rice and Darla Moore on August 20, 2012.[32]
Green jacket[edit]
Every member of Augusta National receives a green sport coat with the club's logo on the left breast. The idea of the green jacket originated with club co-founder Clifford Roberts. Many believe it is because he wanted patrons visiting during the tournament to be able to readily identify members. Since Sam Snead's victory in 1949, the winner of each year's Masters Tournament has received a green jacket, although he does not receive membership. The jacket is presented to the new winner by the winner of the previous tournament. If the previous champion is either unavailable or has won consecutive tournaments, then the current chairman acts as the presenter. Until 1967, the jackets were manufactured by Brooks Brothers and since have been made by Hamilton of Cincinnati, Ohio, with the imported wool produced at the Victor Forstmann plant in Dublin, Georgia.[50]
The current Masters champion is the only owner of a green jacket permitted to remove it from the grounds of Augusta National, and only for a period of one year. Before this time limit was in place, the jacket of a few long-past Masters champions had been sold, after their deaths, to collectors. Consequently, the members of Augusta National have gone to great lengths to secure the remaining examples. Now, two jackets remain outside the grounds of Augusta National with the club's permission. When Gary Player first won the Masters in 1961, he brought his jacket home to South Africa. For years the board insisted that Player return the jacket but Player kept "forgetting" or coming up with humorous creative excuses why he did not return the jacket. After becoming something of a running joke, Augusta National's members allowed him to keep it, where it is on display in his personal museum. The second jacket belongs to 1938 champion Henry Picard. Before the traditions surrounding one of golf's greatest awards were well established, the jacket was removed by Picard from Augusta National. It is now currently on display in the "Picard Lounge" at Canterbury Golf Club in Beachwood, Ohio. Along with Snead, the nine previous winners were also awarded green jackets in 1949, and these became known as the "original ten" jackets.[51]
Horton Smith's jacket, awarded for his wins in 1934 and 1936, sold at auction in September 2013 for over $682,000; the highest price ever paid for a piece of golf memorabilia.[52][53] Smith died at age 55 in 1963 and it had been in the possession of his brother Ren's stepsons for decades.[51]
Caddies[edit]
Augusta National employs a staff of caddies to assist members, guests, and professionals. Before 1983,[54] staff caddies were assigned to players at the Masters,[55] and all were black males. Club co-founder Roberts once said, "As long as I'm alive, all the golfers will be white and all the caddies will be black."[7] Roberts comitted suicide at Augusta in 1977 and five years later in November 1982, chairman Hord Hardin announced that players were henceforth permitted to use their regular caddies at the Masters.[56] This decision followed an incident that occurred during the 1982 tournament. Following a Thursday rain delay, many of the caddies failed to show up at the proper time on Friday morning. [57] As a result of the confusion, two-time champion Tom Watson and others sent scathing complaint letters to Hardin.[58][59]
Twelve players, including then five-time champion Jack Nicklaus, defending champion Craig Stadler, and future two-time champion Ben Crenshaw, employed club caddies in 1983.[59][60] Well into the 1970s, all four majors and some tour events required the use of the host club's caddies;[61][62][63] the U.S. Open had this policy through 1975,[64][65] but by 1980, only the Masters and the Western Open near Chicago retained the requirement.[66] Augusta's caddie staff continues to wear its trademark white jumpsuits year-round.
Female caddies are permitted. Most of them are professional golfers' regular caddies, such as Fanny Sunesson. Sunesson is one of the PGA Tour's few female caddies, and has caddied for several players at the Masters, most notably three-time champion Nick Faldo, and more recently Henrik Stenson. The first female caddie at Augusta was George Archer's daughter Elizabeth in 1983, her 21st event carrying the bag for her father.[59][67] Archer, the 1969 champion, tied for twelfth for one of his better finishes at Augusta.
During the pre-tournament events in 2007, Golf Channel's Kelly Tilghman caddied for Arnold Palmer in the par-3 contest. Fuzzy Zoeller's daughter Gretchen was his caddie for his last year as a competitor in the tournament in 2009. Tennis pro Caroline Wozniacki, ex-fiancée of Rory McIlroy, caddied for him in the par-3 contests of 2013 and 2014.
Crenshaw won his 1984 and 1995 Masters titles with Augusta National caddie Carl Jackson.[58][68]
Appearances in video games[edit]
Augusta National Golf Club is featured in the Japan-exclusive video game franchise Harukanaru Augusta, which started in 1989.[69][70] The games were produced by T&E Soft. One of its last titles Masters '98: Haruka Naru Augusta was released for the Nintendo 64.
Augusta National Golf Club and the Masters Tournament are also featured in the video game Tiger Woods PGA Tour 12: The Masters, and has subsequently featured in later iterations of the game. This is the first time that the course has been officially used in the Tiger Woods franchise.[71][72] Augusta National was also previously used in the 1986 computer game Mean 18, published by Accolade.[73]
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ "Westchester winner may bypass events". Victoria Advocate. Victoria, Texas. Associated Press. August 26, 1974. p. 1B.
Jump up ^ "Touring golf pros prefer their own caddies". Reading Eagle. Associated Press. May 5, 1974. p. 76.
Jump up ^ "Open golfers to pick own caddies in 1976". Toledo Blade. Associated Press. November 15, 1975. p. 17.
Jump up ^ "Break for some". Rome News-Tribune. Rome, Georgia. Associated Press. January 18, 1976. p. 3B.
Jump up ^ "Caddies draw golfers in Western Open play". Rome News-Tribune. Rome, GA. Associated Press. July 2, 1980. p. 8A.
Jump up ^ "Pro Archer has daughter carry bag". News and Courier. Charleston, South Carolina. Associated Press. August 17, 1980. p. 8B.
Jump up ^ "King of caddies". Calhoun Times Plus. Calhoun, GA. June 6, 1995. p. 4.
Jump up ^ "Harukanaru Augusta (Franchise) - Giant Bomb". Giant Bomb. Retrieved May 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ List of Harukanaru Augusta video games at GameFAQs
Jump up ^ "Tiger Woods PGA TOUR 13 Blog". EA. March 29, 2012. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
Jump up ^ Pigna, Kris (March 29, 2012). "Tiger Woods Takes Backseat in New Game". 1up.com. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Mean 18 : Hall Of Light – The database of Amiga games". Hol.abime.net. November 22, 2010. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
External links[edit]
Official website
This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. (May 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Augusta.com coverage from the Augusta Chronicle
Aerial view from Google Maps
Augusta, Georgia, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary
Guide to Augusta National at BBC
Guide to Augusta National at Golflink
3D Course Planner at ProVisualizer
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Augusta_National_Golf_Club&oldid=837648156"
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Sierra Nevada Brewing Company
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Sierra Nevada Brewing Co.
Type
Private
Location
Chico, California,
United States
Opened
1980
Annual production volume
1,250,000 US beer barrels (1,470,000 hl)
Owned by
Ken Grossman
Employees
1050
Website
sierranevada.com
Sierra Nevada Brewing Co. was established in 1979 by homebrewers Ken Grossman and Paul Camusi in Chico, California, United States.[1] Sierra Nevada Brewing is one of the top breweries operating in the United States. As of 2016, it is the seventh-largest brewing company in the United States.[2] The brewery produced 786,000 US bbl (922,000 hl) in 2010.[3]
The brewery was named "Green Business of the Year" by the United States Environmental Protection Agency in 2010 for its practices in sustainability.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Influence
3 Environmental record
4 Beers
4.1 Sierra Nevada Classics
4.2 Seasonals
4.3 Special release
4.4 Awards
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
Headquarters in Chico, CA
Sierra Nevada Brewing Co. was founded in 1979, with founders Ken Grossman and Paul Camusi expanding their homebrewing hobby into a brewery in Chico, California. Along with the brewery's location, Grossman claims the company's name comes from his love of hiking in the mountains of the Sierra Nevada.[5] With $50,000 in loans from friends and family, Grossman and Camusi rented a 3,000 sq ft (280 m2) warehouse and pieced together discarded dairy equipment and scrapyard metal to create their brewing equipment.[6][7] They later were able to acquire second-hand copper brewing kettles from Germany before moving to their larger, current brewing facility in 1989.[8]
The first batch brewed on premises was its Pale Ale,[9] in November 1980.[5] The following year, the brewery introduced Celebration, an IPA, which it continues to release as a winter seasonal. The company sold 950 US beer barrels (1,110 hl) of beer in its first year, and double that amount in the second.[6]
The company's first employee was Steve Harrison, who was put in charge of marketing and sales.[10] The head brewer is Steve Dresler, who has been with the brewery since 1983, when its output was 25 to 30 barrels per week.
The company distributed the beer itself in the early 1980s, struggling with financial and marketing problems. A 1982 article in the San Francisco Chronicle highlighting the brewery, as well as having its beer sold in prominent restaurants such as Berkeley's Chez Panisse, helped establish a market for Sierra Nevada's beer.[11]
By 1987, the brewery was distributing to seven states and production had reached 12,000 US beer barrels (14,000 hl) per year, causing the company to pursue building a new brewery.[10] In 1988, the brewery moved into a 100-barrel brewhouse, with four open fermenters, and eleven 200 US bbl (230 hl) secondary fermenters. A year later, Grossman and Camusi added the Sierra Nevada Taproom and Restaurant, which serves lunch and dinner and includes a giftshop. In 2000, the brewery opened "The Big Room", a live-music venue located inside the brewery's facilities, featuring a variety of acts including country, bluegrass, folk, rock, blues, and other musical genres.[10]
Camusi retired in 1998 and sold his share in the company to Grossman.[10]
In 2010, Sierra Nevada Brewing partnered with the Abbey of New Clairvaux, with the monastery beginning production of Trappist-style beers in 2011. The Abbey has not yet been sanctioned by the International Trappist Association, and therefore the monastery will not be brewing official Trappist beer.[12]
The brewery employed about 450 people in 2011.[13]
Entrance to Mills River brewery
In January 2012, Sierra Nevada announced it would build a second brewing facility with an attached restaurant in Mills River, North Carolina.[14] The LEED-Platinum-certified building opened in early 2014 on a forested tract adjacent to Asheville Regional Airport, re-using the cut-down trees as lumber both in the building and for the rainwater cisterns that flush the toilets.
In 2013, the company opened the "Torpedo Room" in Berkeley, their first tasting room outside of Chico.[15]
In January 2017, Sierra Nevada issued a voluntary recall of certain 12-ounce bottles of different beers in 36 states due to a manufacturing defect that had possibly introduced chipped pieces of glass into the bottle.[16]
Influence[edit]
Along with Anchor Brewing Company in San Francisco and the now-defunct New Albion Brewing Company in Sonoma, whose owners offered Grossman and Camusi early guidance in their venture, Sierra Nevada is considered one of the earliest and most influential breweries which spawned the craft beer movement of the 1980s-90s.[6][9] Grossman has been dubbed a "pioneer" by fellow craft brewers in the United States.[11]
Whereas many of the newly spawned microbreweries of the 1980s went out of business, Sierra Nevada Brewing endured to become one of the largest independent brewers in the country, whose beers were noted for their "character and complexity".[6][7] Grossman believed many microbrewers of the early 1980s had put out an inferior product due to lack of preparation for the financial and mechanical realities of commercial brewing, which were a "much different process" from homebrewing.[6]
For its 30th anniversary in 2010, the company released a series of collaborative beers with the assistance of those Grossman considered an early influence on his brewing: Charlie Papazian, Fred Eckhardt, Fritz Maytag (Anchor) and Jack McAuliffe (New Albion).[11]
In November 2010, Stansbury Publishing released Hops and Dreams: The Story of Sierra Nevada Brewing Co, written by California State University, Chico professor Rob Burton who researched the company for three years.[17]
The company has claimed to be neutral on political issues, and reiterated this stance in 2010 when it was erroneously linked by a beer industry group to opposing the California Proposition 19 of that year, which would have legalized marijuana in the state.[18]
Environmental record[edit]
Sierra Nevada Brewing Co. won the US Environmental Protection Agency's "Green Business of the Year" award for 2010.[19]
The brewery is powered by solar energy, having 10,000 photovoltaic modules covering its rooftops and parking lot.[20] In all, the brewery uses 2.6 megawatts of solar electricity on premises.[21] It also has built a charging station for electric vehicles on its premises.[1]
The company uses a small-scale BioPro™[22] biodiesel processor to convert the used cooking oil from its restaurant for biodiesel use in its delivery trucks. In 2009, it reached an agreement with a local ethanol company to produce high-grade ethanol fuel from its discarded yeast.[23] Spent grain is sold to local cattle ranchers for livestock feed; spent water is sent to the brewery's own water treatment plant, where it is reused, mainly as drip irrigation for its fields.[24] Over 99.5% of the brewery plant's solid waste is diverted from landfill.[24]
The company owns one mile of railway for use in intermodal freight transport, which aids in reducing the brewery's carbon footprint. Each rail car can hold the equivalent of four semi-trailers of grain;[25] rail transport is more fuel efficient than road transport.
Sierra Nevada is the largest buyer of organic hops in the United States.[19] It also farms its own organic hops and barley for use in its annual Chico Estate Harvest Ale release.[26]
Beers[edit]
Sierra Nevada Classics[edit]
Sierra Nevada Pale Ale
Sierra Nevada Torpedo Ale label, from a bottle purchased in Chico, California.
The brewery's year-round offerings include its Pale Ale, Porter, Stout, Torpedo 'Extra' IPA, Kellerweis Hefeweizen, Nooner Pilsner, and Hop Hunter IPA.
Sierra's flagship Pale Ale has been described as "a balance between aggressive hops and hearty malt flavor", with its Cascade hops offering a grapefruit aroma and fruity palate.[27] Like several other Sierra Nevada offerings, it is bottle-conditioned.[28] It is the best-selling pale ale in the United States as of 2012.[8][29][30]
Sierra Nevada's Porter, along with its heavier Stout version, have been described by writer Michael Jackson as "gently coffeish" and "beautifully roasty" examples of their respective styles.[31] The two offerings have been brewed since the company's first year of operation.[11]
Torpedo is an American India Pale Ale and Kellerweis is a traditional Bavarian hefeweizen. Both were introduced as nationwide offerings in 2009.[32][33]
Seasonals[edit]
The brewery's current lineup of seasonals include Beer Camp Hoppy Lager, Summerfest Lager, Oktoberfest, and Celebration Ale.
Sierra Nevada's Celebration Ale has been brewed as a winter seasonal since 1981. While it has won medals under the IPA category,[34] it has also been described as a hoppy, malty amber ale,[35] as well as a "bigger version" of the company's pale ale.[36]
Previous Autumn seasonal Tumbler Brown Ale has been described as a full-bodied, malt-heavy brown ale[37] and is sold for the autumn months.
Previous Spring seasonal Ruthless Rye IPA is an IPA brewed with rye and whole-cone hops for the spring, while Summerfest is a pilsner brewed in the Czech tradition.[38]
Special release[edit]
Bigfoot, 2006 Edition
Annual "Special Release" beers produced by Sierra Nevada include Bigfoot Barleywine Style Ale, Hemisphere Harvest Ales and Chico Harvest Estate Ale.
Bigfoot is brewed with two types of malt and three differing hops, and tops out at 9.6%ABV. It is a barleywine, but due to alcohol laws in the U.S. it must be marketed as a "barleywine style ale". Only alcohols derived from fruits, not grains, can be marketed as wine.[39] It first won medals at the Great American Beer Festival in 1987.[40] It is generally released January–February of each year.
The brewery releases both a Northern and Southern Hemisphere Harvest "wet hop" ale. Introduced in 1996 as Harvest Ale, Northern Hemisphere utilizes wet (undried) hops from eastern Washington for its "fresh harvest" ale. It was the first fresh-hop ale brewed in the United States.[41] The brewery later introduced Southern Hemisphere which features wet hops from New Zealand.
The Chico Estate Harvest Ale is brewed with organic wet hops and barley grown in land on the brewery's premises.[24]
Old Chico Crystal Wheat, a wheat beer, is named in memory of the Chico Brewery which operated in the town during the 19th century.[17] Old Chico brand beers are only distributed in the northern California area around Chico.
Awards[edit]
Name
Style
Awards
Barrel-Aged Narwhal Wood-Aged Strong Stout 2013 Great American Beer Festival Silver
Bigfoot Barley Wine 2012 World Beer Cup Silver, 2005 Great American Beer Festival Gold, 1997 Great American Beer Festival Silver, 1995 Great American Beer Festival Gold, 1992 Great American Beer Festival Gold, 1988 Great American Beer Festival Gold, 1987 Great American Beer Festival Gold
Celebration India Pale Ale 1994 Great American Beer Festival Silver, 1990 Great American Beer Festival Bronze
Estate Homegrown Ale Fresh Hop Ale 2012 Great American Beer Festival Gold, 2010 Great American Beer Festival Silver
Imperial Stout Imperial Stout 2012 Great American Beer Festival Silver
IPA India Pale Ale 2005 Great American Beer Festival Gold
Kellerweis Hefeweizen 2012 World Beer Cup Silver
Kolsch Kölsch 2009 Great American Beer Festival Gold, 2008 Great American Beer Festival Silver
Ovila Dubbel Dubbel 2012 World Beer Cup Bronze
Pilsner Pilsner 2010 World Beer Cup Gold
Porter Porter 2009 U.S. Open Beer Championship Bronze, 2000 Great American Beer Festival Bronze, 1983 Great American Beer Festival Silver
Ruthless Rye PA Rye Ale 2012 World Beer Cup Gold
Sierra 30 Jack and Ken's Ale Barley Wine 2010 Great American Beer Festival Gold
Pale Ale Pale Ale 1995 Great American Beer Festival Gold, 1993 Great American Beer Festival Gold, 1992 Great American Beer Festival Gold, 1990 Great American Beer Festival Gold, 1989 Great American Beer Festival Gold, 1987 Great American Beer Festival Bronze, 1983 Great American Beer Festival Gold
Stout Stout 2004 World Beer Cup Bronze, 1989 Great American Beer Festival Silver, 1988 Great American Beer Festival Silver, 1987 Great American Beer Festival Bronze
Summerfest Lager 2004 Great American Beer Festival Bronze, 1991 Great American Beer Festival Silver
Weizenbock Wheat Ale 2011 Great American Beer Festival Silver
Wheat Wheat Ale 1998 Great American Beer Festival Bronze
See also[edit]
Beer portal
California portal
Drink portal
California breweries
Craft beer
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Schwartz, Ariel (27 Apr 2009). "Sierra Nevada Brewing Co. Gets Electric Vehicle Charging Stations". Fastcompany.com. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
Jump up ^ "Brewers Association Releases Top 50 Breweries of 2016". Brewers Association. March 15, 2017. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Orr, Patrick (February 4, 2011). "Sierra Nevada Brewing is a true innovator". Idaho Statesman. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "Sierra Nevada Brewing named EPA Green Business of the Year". Beer News. December 28, 2010. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Irving, Alexandra (February 22, 2011). "Sierra Nevada founder talks beer with students". State Press (Arizona). Retrieved 21 March 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Ogle, Maureen (2006). Ambitious Brew: the story of American beer. Orlando: Harcourt. pp. 300–306. ISBN 0-15-101012-9.
^ Jump up to: a b Jackson, Michael (2000). Michael Jackson's great beer guide. New York: Dorling Kindersley. p. 428. ISBN 0-7894-5156-5.
^ Jump up to: a b Jackson, Michael (1993). Michael Jackson's Beer Companion. Philadelphia: Running Press. p. 88. ISBN 1-56138-288-4.
^ Jump up to: a b Kolesar, Bryan. (November 15, 2010). "Sierra Nevada turns 30". The Washington Times. Retrieved 2011-03-15.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Sierra Nevada Brewing Company". Reference for Business. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Calagione, Sam (March–April 2010). "Sierra Nevada Turns 30: An Interview with Ken Grossman". Brewers Association. Retrieved 2011-04-16.
Jump up ^ Brooks, Jay R. (October 6, 2010). "Sierra Nevada Partners With The Abbey of New Clairvaux". Ale Street News. Retrieved 2011-03-15.
Jump up ^ Grossman, Brian (May 29, 2010). "Growing Up With the Family Brewery". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-03-16.
Jump up ^ "Sierra Nevada beer plans eastward expansion with N.C. brewery". San Jose Mercury News (Associated Press). January 25, 2012. Retrieved 2012-01-26.
Jump up ^ "Sierra Nevada's Torpedo Room opens in Berkeley". Inside Scoop. 26 November 2013. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "Sierra Nevada Brewery Issues 36-State Recall of Select Beers". NBC News. 22 Jan 2017. Retrieved 24 January 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Wills, Joe (Fall 2010). "Chico's Brew Turns 30". Chico Statements. CSU Chico. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Sierra Nevada's Stance on Proposition 19 (CA Marijuana Law)". The Full Pint. September 20, 2010. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Arcuate, Francisco (December 2, 2010). "EPA Turns 40, Honors Environmental Heroes". United States Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
Jump up ^ "Hops and Dreams: The Story of Sierra Nevada Brewing Co". Rocklin & Roseville Today. Rocklin, California. November 5, 2010. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
Jump up ^ Demont-Heinrich, Christof (March 6, 2011). "Solar brews beer, charges EVs at Sierra Nevada". Solar Charged Driving. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
Jump up ^ http://www.springboardbiodiesel.com/BioPro-Success-Stories
Jump up ^ "Sierra Nevada to turn beer yeast into fuel". The Full Pint. February 4, 2009. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c Underwood, Kristin (August 6, 2009). "It's Harvest Time at the Sierra Nevada Brewery". Treehugger. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
Jump up ^ Feder, Mandy (26 February 2009). "On the right track". 2016 CHICO COMMUNITY PUBLISHING, INC. Chico News & Review. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
Jump up ^ Foyston, John (October 2, 2009). "Sierra Nevada Chico Estate Harvest Ale on tap at the Basement Pub". The Oregonian. Oregon Live. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
Jump up ^ Harper, Timothy; Oliver, Garrett (1997). The Good Beer Book. New York: Berkley. p. 128. ISBN 0-425-15614-1.
Jump up ^ Rhodes, Christine P. (1995). The Encyclopedia of Beer. New York: Henry Holt & Co. p. 214. ISBN 0-8050-3799-3.
Jump up ^ Cizmar, Martin (September 25, 2012). "President of Beers: #18 Sierra Nevada Pale Ale". Willamette Week. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Top 10 craft beers". Gayot. FoxNews.com. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
Jump up ^ Jackson, Michael (1993). Michael Jackson's Beer Companion. Philadelphia: Running Press. pp. 174, 183. ISBN 1-56138-288-4.
Jump up ^ "Sierra Nevada Introduces Kellerweis as Newest Year-Round Beer" (Press release). Sierra Nevada. 6 March 2009. Retrieved April 1, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Sierra Nevada Introduces Year-Round Extra IPA" (Press release). Sierra Nevada. January 5, 2009. Retrieved April 1, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Sierra Nevada Celebration Ale". Sierra Nevada. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
Jump up ^ Fabricant, Florence (December 18, 1991). "Brews From Near and Far". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
Jump up ^ Sawyer, Christopher (January 16, 2003). "Ales with extra kick for winter". San Francisco Chronicle. p. 3. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Goble, Steve. (October 13, 2010). "Brewologist: Sierra Nevada Tumbler brown ale". Mansfield News Journal. Mansfield, Ohio. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
Jump up ^ "Sierra Nevada Summerfest". Beer Advocate.
Jump up ^ "Barleywine Style".
Jump up ^ "Sierra Nevada Bigfoot". Sierra Nevada.
Jump up ^ Brooks, Jay R. (November 2, 2007). "Fresh hop brews now on tap". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
External links[edit]
Sierra Nevada Brewing Co. official website
Mutineer Magazine Issue #4
Hops and Dreams: The Story of Sierra Nevada Brewing Co.
Springboard Biodiesel, LLC. BioPro™ Biodiesel Processor Manufacture
Coordinates: 39°43′29.7″N 121°48′46.9″W / 39.724917°N 121.813028°W / 39.724917; -121.813028
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sierra_Nevada_Brewing_Company&oldid=815320233"
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text:
Why Don't You Get a Job?
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Why Don't You Get a Job?"
Single by The Offspring
from the album Americana
B-side
"Beheaded (1999)"
Released
March 30, 1999
Format
CD single, Cassette, 12"[1]
Recorded
1998
Genre
Pop punk, ska punk
Length
2:49
Label
Columbia
Songwriter(s)
Dexter Holland
Producer(s)
Dave Jerden[2]
The Offspring singles chronology
"Pretty Fly (for a White Guy)"
(1998) "Why Don't You Get a Job?"
(1999) "The Kids Aren't Alright"
(1999)
"Pretty Fly (for a White Guy)"
(1998) "Why Don't You Get a Job?"
(1999) "The Kids Aren't Alright"
(1999)
"Why Don't You Get a Job?" is a song by The Offspring. The song is the 11th track on The Offspring's fifth studio album Americana (1998) and was released as the second single from the album. The song also appears as the eighth track on the band's Greatest Hits album (2005). The single peaked within the top ten of the charts in many countries, including number two in the United Kingdom, Australia and Sweden.
The song drew attention for its close similarity to the song "Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da", as multiple music writers pointed out that the melody sounded exactly like The Beatles' 1968 release from the White Album.[3][4][5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Music video
2 Track listings
2.1 Australia CD Maxi
2.2 Part 2
2.3 Later version
2.4 Promo CD
3 Charts
4 Certifications
5 Cover versions
6 References
7 External links
Music video[edit]
The music video, directed by McG, was shot on the backlot of Universal Studios Hollywood. Several TV and movie set locations can be seen throughout the video, including Colonial Street (which was used as Wisteria Lane in Desperate Housewives) and Courthouse Square from the Back to the Future trilogy. The video features the four members of the band walking through these locations while a steadily growing crowd follows them.
Dexter Holland opens the video by flying into a serene suburban setting on a hang glider. A male fast food worker (played by Dor Ashur) has a milkshake dumped on his face by a group of buxom female customers and then throws himself through a window, and a BMX biker falls off a roof shortly thereafter. Toward the end, Holland triggers an explosion that scatters his followers so that only his fellow band members remain.
Bob Eubanks, the host of the Newlywed Game, makes a cameo appearance. Towards the end of the video, Guy Cohen, who played the main character in the "Pretty Fly (for a White Guy)" video, makes a short appearance. Chris "X-13" Higgins appears in the video as a lazy boyfriend. Pussycat Dolls member Carmit Bachar plays his girlfriend.
The video appears on the Complete Music Video Collection DVD, released in 2005.
Track listings[edit]
Australia CD Maxi[edit]
No.
Title
Length
1. "Why Don't You Get a Job?" 2:49
2. "Pretty Fly (for a White Guy)" (Lowriders Remix) 3:01
3. "Beheaded (1999)" 2:38
4. ""Pretty Fly (for a White Guy)"" (Music Video in the CD-ROM) 3:07
Part 2[edit]
No.
Title
Length
1. "Why Don't You Get a Job?" 2:49
2. "Why Don't You Get a Job?" (The Baka Boyz Remix) 4:22
3. "Beheaded (1999)" 2:38
4. "I Wanna Be Sedated" (Ramones Cover) 2:19
Later version[edit]
No.
Title
Length
1. "Why Don't You Get a Job?" 2:49
2. "Beheaded (1999)" 2:38
3. "I Wanna Be Sedated" (Ramones Cover) 2:19
Promo CD[edit]
No.
Title
Length
1. "Why Don't You Get a Job?" (Album version) 2:52
2. "Callout Hook #1" 0:10
3. "Callout Hook #2" 0:05
Charts[edit]
Chart (1999)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[6] 2
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[7] 16
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[8] 17
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[9] 25
Canadian RPM Top Singles 19
Canadian RPM Rock Chart 4
France (SNEP)[10] 29
Germany (Official German Charts)[11] 16
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[12] 6
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[13] 4
Norway (VG-lista)[14] 6
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[15] 2
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[16] 24
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[17] 2
US Billboard Hot 100[18] 74
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[19] 21
US Mainstream Rock (Billboard)[20] 10
US Alternative Songs (Billboard)[21] 4
Chart (2017)
Peak
position
Poland (Polish Airplay Top 100) [22] 96
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Australia (ARIA)[23]
2× Platinum
Sweden (GLF)[24]
Gold
Cover versions[edit]
South African singer Snotkop translated the song into Afrikaans as "Kry Jou Ass By Die Werk".[25]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Offspring, The – Why Don't You Get A Job?". Discogs. Retrieved July 15, 2013.
Jump up ^ "The Offspring – Why Don't You Get a Job? [US]". Allmusic. Retrieved July 15, 2013.
Jump up ^ Geoff Boucher (1999-04-24). "Is the Song an Offspring?". LA Times. Retrieved 2015-12-16.
Jump up ^ Teri vanHorn (1999-05-06). "Offspring Song Has A Familiar Ring, Beatles Fans Say". MTV.com. Retrieved 2015-12-16.
Jump up ^ Richard Harrington (1999-01-13). "Punk With Spunk". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 1999-01-13. Retrieved 2015-12-16.
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – The Offspring – Why Don't You Get a Job?". ARIA Top 50 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – The Offspring – Why Don't You Get a Job?" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – The Offspring – Why Don't You Get a Job?" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – The Offspring – Why Don't You Get a Job?" (in French). Ultratop 50.
Jump up ^ "Lescharts.com – The Offspring – Why Don't You Get a Job?" (in French). Les classement single.
Jump up ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – The Offspring – Why Don't You Get a Job?". GfK Entertainment Charts.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – The Offspring – Why Don't You Get a Job?" (in Dutch). Single Top 100.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – The Offspring – Why Don't You Get a Job?". Top 40 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – The Offspring – Why Don't You Get a Job?". VG-lista.
Jump up ^ "Swedishcharts.com – The Offspring – Why Don't You Get a Job?". Singles Top 100.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – The Offspring – Why Don't You Get a Job?". Swiss Singles Chart.
Jump up ^ "Offspring: Artist Chart History". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ "The Offspring Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "The Offspring Chart History (Pop Songs)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "The Offspring Chart History (Mainstream Rock)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "The Offspring Chart History (Alternative Songs)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Listy bestsellerów, wyróżnienia :: Związek Producentów Audio-Video". Polish Airplay Top 100. Retrieved January 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 1999 Singles". Australian Recording Industry Association.
Jump up ^ "Guld- och Platinacertifikat − År 1999" (PDF) (in Swedish). IFPI Sweden.
Jump up ^ http://www.channel24.co.za/Music/FeaturesInterviews/Interview-Snotkop-20090715 Retrieved 7 January 2014
External links[edit]
"Why Don't You Get a Job?" Official music video on YouTube
[hide]
v
t
e
The Offspring
Dexter Holland
Greg K.
Noodles
Pete Parada
Jim Benton
Doug Thompson
Marcus Parrish
James Lilja
Ron Welty
Atom Willard
Studio albums
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Ignition
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Conspiracy of One
Splinter
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Days Go By
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"Self Esteem"
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"All I Want"
"Gone Away"
"The Meaning of Life"
"I Choose"
"Pretty Fly (for a White Guy)"
"Why Don't You Get a Job?"
"The Kids Aren't Alright"
"She's Got Issues"
"Original Prankster"
"Want You Bad"
"Million Miles Away"
"Defy You"
"Hit That"
"(Can't Get My) Head Around You"
"Spare Me the Details"
"Can't Repeat"
"Hammerhead"
"You're Gonna Go Far, Kid"
"Kristy, Are You Doing Okay?"
"Half-Truism"
"Days Go By"
"Cruising California (Bumpin' in My Trunk)"
"Turning Into You"
"Coming for You"
Video albums
Americana
Huck It
Complete Music Video Collection
Tours
Warped Tour 2005
Smash: 20th Anniversary Tour
World Tour 2016
World Tour 2017
World Tour 2018
Related articles
Discography
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Awards
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Nitro Records
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Angels & Airwaves
Face to Face
Saves the Day
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Book
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text:
Carol Ann Susi
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Carol Ann Susi
Born
(1952-02-02)February 2, 1952
Brooklyn, New York, U.S.[1]
Died
November 11, 2014(2014-11-11) (aged 62)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.[2]
Cause of death
Cancer
Nationality
American
Occupation
Actress
Years active
1974–2014
Carol Ann Susi (February 2, 1952 – November 11, 2014) was an American actress. She was known for providing the voice of recurring unseen character Mrs. Wolowitz, mother of Howard Wolowitz, on the television series The Big Bang Theory.[3][4][5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Career
2 Personal life
3 References
4 External links
Career[edit]
Susi made her first screen appearance in Kolchak: The Night Stalker. Other television and film credits included: McMillan & Wife, Coyote Ugly, Just Go with It, The Big Bang Theory, Becker, Grey's Anatomy, That '70s Show, Out of Practice, Cats & Dogs, Just Shoot Me, Married... with Children, Night Court, The King of Queens, Death Becomes Her, Seinfeld, The Secret of My Success, My Blue Heaven, and Sabrina, the Teenage Witch.[6] She also had extensive experience in live theatre[7][8] and voiced a character on the video game installment of CSI: NY.
Personal life[edit]
Carol Ann Susi was born in Brooklyn,[1] of Italian descent.[9] She studied acting at HB Studio in New York City before moving to Los Angeles in the 1970s.[1]
Susi died of cancer on November 11, 2014, in Los Angeles, California, at age 62.[2][10]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Hughes, Jason (November 11, 2014). "Carol Ann Susi, 'Big Bang Theory's' Mrs. Wolowitz, Dead at 62". The Wrap. Retrieved November 12, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Big Bang Theory actress dies at 62". The Globe and Mail. November 12, 2014. Retrieved November 13, 2014.
Jump up ^ Morris, Joan (March 14, 2009). "Who's the Voice of 'Big Bang' Mother?". Contra Costa Times. p. 2A. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Salem, Rob (January 24, 2009). "Nerd herd doing a bang-up job". Toronto Star. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Owen, Rob (March 16, 2012). "TV Q&A with Rob Owen". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Robinson, Johnny (September 27, 1974). "Radio and TV plus Video Versions". Lewiston Evening Journal. p. 21. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Drake, Sylvie (September 16, 1988). "'Ladies' Room' Lives Up to Expectations of Racy Domain". Los Angeles Times. p. C6. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Collins, Scott (December 19, 1995). "Ollstein's 'Pot Roast' Is Rich in Flavor". Los Angeles Times. p. F8. Retrieved June 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (November 11, 2014). "Carol Ann Susi, 'Big Bang Theory's Mrs. Wolowitz, Dead". Deadline. Retrieved November 12, 2014.
Jump up ^ Swift, Andy (November 11, 2014). "Carol Ann Susi, Voice Behind Big Bang Theory's Mrs. Wolowitz, Dead at 62". TV Line. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
External links[edit]
Carol Ann Susi on IMDb
Authority control
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carol_Ann_Susi&oldid=823767932"
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Altered Carbon
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the 2002 novel. For the 2018 Netflix series, see Altered Carbon (TV series).
Altered Carbon
Author
Richard K. Morgan
Country
United Kingdom
Language
English
Series
Takeshi Kovacs
Genre
Science fiction, mystery
Publisher
Victor Gollancz Ltd
Publication date
28 February 2002
Media type
Print (hardback & paperback)
Pages
416 pp (Hardback),
375 (Paperback)
ISBN
0-575-07321-7
OCLC
48236269
Followed by
Broken Angels
Altered Carbon is a 2002 science fiction novel by British writer Richard K. Morgan. Set in a future in which interstellar travel is facilitated by transferring consciousnesses between bodies ("sleeves"), it follows the attempt of Takeshi Kovacs, a former U.N. elite soldier turned private investigator, to investigate a rich man's death. It is followed by the sequels Broken Angels and Woken Furies.
The book was adapted as a Netflix television series, also titled Altered Carbon, in 2018.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Reception
3 Television adaptation
4 References
Plot[edit]
This plot summary may be a hook or written as if for a listings magazine. Please help improve it by ensuring it covers the whole story, however briefly, and in an encyclopedic style. (February 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
In the novel's futuristic world, human personalities can be stored digitally and downloaded into new bodies, called "sleeves". Most people have cortical stacks in their spinal columns that store their consciousness. If their body dies, their stack can be stored indefinitely. Catholics are not resleeved, as they believe that the soul goes to Heaven when they die, and so would not pass on to the new sleeve. This makes Catholics easy targets for murder, since killers know their victim may not be resleeved to testify. A UN resolution to alter this legal position forms one strand of the novel's plot, to allow the authorities to sleeve a deceased Catholic woman temporarily to testify in a murder trial.
While most people can afford to get resleeved at the end of their lives, they are unable to update their bodies and most go through the full aging process each time, which discourages most from resleeving more than once or twice. So while normal people can live indefinitely in theory, most choose not to. Only the wealthy are able to acquire replacement bodies on a continual basis. The long-lived are called Meths, a reference to the Biblical figure Methuselah. The very rich are also able to keep copies of their minds in remote storage, which they update regularly. This ensures that even if their stack is destroyed, they can be resleeved.
A Meth named Laurens Bancroft has, apparently, committed suicide. When he is resleeved and his destroyed stack restored, its 48-hour back-up schedule means he has no memories of the previous two days. Convinced he was murdered, Bancroft hires Takeshi Kovacs to investigate.
Kovacs is an ex-Envoy, a military unit formed to cope with the challenge of interstellar warfare. Faster-than-light travel is only possible by subspace transmission, called needlecasting, of a digitally stored consciousness to "download centers"[2] where resleeving into physical bodies can be carried out. Transmitting normal soldiers in this way would severely inhibit their effectiveness, since they would have to cope with a new body and an unknown environment while fighting. To combat this, Envoy training emphasises mental techniques necessary to survive in different bodies over physical strength, and the sleeve they are transmitted into has special neuro-chemical sensors that amplify the power of the five senses, intuition and physical capabilities to superhuman degrees. The effectiveness of the Envoy Corps' training is such that Envoys are banned from holding government positions on most worlds. Kovacs is persistently wracked by his memories of the action taken by the Envoy Corps in a battle on the planet Sharya and especially by the military debacle on Innenin, in which the Corps suffered extensive casualties after their stacks were infected and driven into self-destructive insanity with Rawling 4851, a virus that corrupts digital information.
Kovacs, killed in the novel's prologue and stored in digital form, is downloaded into a sleeve formerly inhabited by Bay City (formerly San Francisco) policeman Elias Ryker. The plot unfolds through Kovacs' narrative. Kovacs eventually solves the mystery, but only after a great deal of violence, including torture in virtual reality, which he is able to bear only because of his Envoy training.
Reception[edit]
Describing the book, Kirkus Reviews said that "The body count is high, the gadgetry pure genius, the sex scenes deliriously overwrought, and the worn cynicism thoroughly distasteful: a welcome return to cyberpunk's badass roots."[3]
The book won the Philip K. Dick Award for Best Novel in 2003.
Television adaptation[edit]
Main article: Altered Carbon (TV series)
A television adaptation was announced in 2016. An initial 10-episode season had been ordered by Netflix.[4] The first season premiered on Netflix on February 2, 2018.[5]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/01/arts/television/altered-carbon-review-netflix-blade-runner.html
Jump up ^ Altered Carbon, Chapters 1-2.
Jump up ^ "Altered Carbon by Richard K. Morgan". Kirkus Reviews. December 1, 2002.
Jump up ^ "Netflix Orders 'Altered Carbon' Sci-Fi Series From Laeta Kalogridis & Skydance". Deadline. January 20, 2016. Retrieved January 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ Hibberd, James (December 4, 2017). "Altered Carbon: First teaser trailer for stunning Netflix sci-fi series". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved December 4, 2017.
[hide]
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Works by Richard K. Morgan
Takeshi Kovacs
Altered Carbon
Broken Angels
Woken Furies
Other novels
Market Forces
Black Man
The Steel Remains
Adaptations
Altered Carbon (TV series)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Altered_Carbon&oldid=838538505"
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