text:
Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the albums, see Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Andy Williams album), Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Johnny Mathis album), and Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head (Mel Tormé album).
"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"
From the motion picture
Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid
Single by B. J. Thomas
from the album Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head
B-side
"Never Had It So Good"
Released
October 1969[1]
Length
2:57
Label
Scepter Records
Songwriter(s)
Hal David (credited as Mack David) and Burt Bacharach (later as Luther Dixon)
Producer(s)
Hal David and Burt Bacharach
B. J. Thomas singles chronology
"Pass the Apple Eve"
(1969) "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"
(1969) "Everybody's Out of Town"
(1970)
"Pass the Apple Eve"
(1969) "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"
(1969) "Everybody's Out of Town"
(1970)
Gold record presented to backup singer Linda November for her work on "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"
"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head" is a song written by Hal David and Burt Bacharach for the 1969 film Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid.[2] It won an Academy Award for Best Original Song.[2] David and Bacharach also won Best Original Score. The song was recorded by B. J. Thomas in seven takes, after Bacharach expressed dissatisfaction with the first six. In the film version of the song, Thomas had been recovering from laryngitis, which made his voice sound hoarser than in the 7-inch release. The film version featured a separate vaudeville-style instrumental break in double time while Paul Newman performed bicycle stunts.
The single by B. J. Thomas reached number 1 on charts in the United States, Canada, Norway and reached number 38 in the UK Singles Chart.[2] It topped the Billboard Hot 100 for four weeks in January 1970 and was also the first American number-one hit of the 1970s. The song also spent seven weeks atop the Billboard adult contemporary chart.[3] Billboard ranked it as the No. 4 song of 1970.[4] According to Billboard magazine, Thomas' single had sold over 2 million copies by March 14, 1970, with eight-track and cassette versions also climbing the charts.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Chart performance
2.1 Weekly singles charts
2.2 Year-end charts
3 Covers
4 See also
5 References
History[edit]
Ray Stevens was first offered the opportunity to record it for the film, but turned it down. He chose instead to record the song "Sunday Morning Coming Down", written by Kris Kristofferson. Bob Dylan is supposed to have been approached for the song, but he, too, reportedly declined.[6] The trumpet solos in the song are performed by Chuck Findley.[7]
In 2004, it finished at number 23 on AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema. In 2008, the single was ranked 85th on Billboard's Hot 100 All-Time Top Songs[8] and placed 95th in the 55th Anniversary edition of the All-Time Hot 100 list in 2013.[9] Billboard Magazine also ranked the song 15th on its Top 50 Movie Songs of All Time list in 2014.[10]
The song, initially when it came out, I believe it was October of 69, the movie didn't come out until December, it did get some bad reviews. It was a very unique and different sounding song, Bacharach and David never had any qualms about trying to do anything different, or push the envelope so to speak. So nowadays, it sounds pretty tame, but back then, radio resisted it to some degree. But, when the movie came out it hit hugely and sold about 200,000 to 300,000 records a day [and continued selling] for about three years.
—  B.J. Thomas, Interview, Pods o' Pop (August 22, 2011)[11]
On December 3, 2013, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences announced that the single would be inducted into the 2014 Grammy Hall Of Fame.[12]
"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head" was used in the film Spy Hard, which parodied the scene in Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid. Police Constable Pan-Am sings the opening lines at the end of his appearance in Series 2, Episode 4 of Monty Python's Flying Circus. It is on the soundtracks to Forrest Gump and Spider-Man 2, in the latter accentuating Peter Parker's blissful mood after abandoning his Spider-Man identity and its responsibilities. It was used in the Kevin Smith film Clerks II. The first episode of the second season of the popular medical drama Grey's Anatomy is named after the song. It is also used in The Simpsons, episode 16 of the fourth season, called "Duffless", at the end of the episode, while credits are presented. It was also used in a season 1 episode of Arrested Development entitled "Altar Egos". It was also used in the 2003 film The In-Laws starring Michael Douglas and Albert Brooks, which was a remake of the 1979 Peter Falk / Alan Arkin film.
Chart performance[edit]
Weekly singles charts[edit]
B. J. Thomas version
Chart (1969-70)
Peak
position
Australian Singles Chart[13] 20
Austria Top 40 11
Canadian RPM Top Singles 1
Canadian RPM Adult Contemporary 1
Dutch Top 40 28
French Singles Chart 56
German Singles Chart 40
Irish Singles Chart 9
Italian Singles Chart 31
Norwegian Singles Chart 1
New Zealand Singles Chart[14] 3
South African Singles Chart 1
UK Singles Chart[2] 38
US Billboard Hot 100 1
US Billboard Easy Listening 1
US Cash Box Top 100 1
Johnny Farnham version
Chart (1970)
Peak
position
Australian Singles Chart[15] 1
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1970)
Rank
Canada RPM Top Singles[16] 6
US Billboard Hot 100[17] 4
US Cash Box[18] 13
Covers[edit]
The song has been covered numerous times. In 1969, Craig Douglas released a version produced by Tony Hatch. From January 24 to March 13, 1970, it was a number-one hit (for seven weeks) in Australia on the Go-Set National Top 40 for local pop singer, Johnny Farnham.[15][19] In 1970, it was also covered by Dionne Warwick on her album I'll Never Fall in Love Again, by Engelbert Humperdinck on his album We Made It Happen, Johnny Mathis on his album Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head, Perry Como on his album It's Impossible, The Four Tops on their album Changing Times, Andy Williams on his album, Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head, and The Free Design on their album Stars/Time/Bubbles/Love. Portuguese-born television and radio presenter Pedro Biker released a Danish version re-entitled "Regndråber Drypper I Mit Hår" in 1970.[20] A Swedish version was also made in 1970, "Regnet det bara öser ner" sung by Siw Malmkvist. Genesis referenced the song title in their lyrics of In the Cage" in 1974.
It has been covered in French by French singer Sacha Distel, whose version Toute La Pluie Tombe Sur Moi was a number 10 hit in the UK Singles Chart,[2] and number 13 in Ireland, as well as number 10 in France. Distel also recorded a version with the original English lyrics, and another in Italian, Gocce Di Pioggia Su Di Me. Bobbie Gentry's version reached number 40 in the UK chart.[2] Paul Mauriat recorded it with his Grand Orchestra it 1973. It was the only known cover in the USSR.
The Welsh rock band Manic Street Preachers cover version is credited with adding greater nuance to the song, the Financial Times citing their recording as transforming the song from carefree optimism to "an exhortation to keep going in the face of tragedy" and noting that Bradfield's voice "added grit to the facile lyric".[21] The group often spent their downtime on the tour bus watching the film Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, and incorporated the song into live sets. After the disappearance of lyricist Richey Edwards, the band decided to continue rather than split up. Having booked studio time in France to record their fourth album, Everything Must Go, they were invited to record for the War Child album The Help Album. The project required all songs to be recorded in one day.[22] While band biographer Simon Price has described the recording and release of the record as a "coded message" that the band still existed,[23] Bradfield recalls the events differently: "...us putting it out wasn't planned as us saying 'We're OK, guys!', but the deadline was the next day after we'd arrived in this place, for some kind of new beginning."[22] The band's recorded version of the song contains the first recorded instance of drummer Sean Moore performing on trumpet,[23] and also appears on their 2003 B-sides and rarities compilation album Lipstick Traces (A Secret History of Manic Street Preachers). The Manics further reference the film Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid with the B-side "Sepia".[24]
The Barry Sisters covered the song in a Yiddish version ("Trop'ns Fin Regen Oif Mein Kop") on their 1973 album Our Way.[25][26]
Lisa Miskovsky covered the song in the extended version of her self-titled (2004) album.[27]
Preceded by
"Someday We'll Be Together" by Diana Ross & the Supremes Billboard Hot 100 number-one single
January 3–24, 1970 (4 weeks) Succeeded by
"I Want You Back" by The Jackson Five
See also[edit]
1960s portal
Pop music portal
List of number-one singles in Australia during the 1970s
List of RPM number-one singles of 1970
List of number-one hits in Norway
List of number-one adult contemporary singles of 1969 (U.S.)
List of number-one adult contemporary singles of 1970 (U.S.)
List of Hot 100 number-one singles of 1970 (U.S.)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Audio Single: Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head - B.J. Thomas (October 1969)". SHS - secondhandsongs. Retrieved 2011-05-15.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 136. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (1996). The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits, 6th Edition (Billboard Publications)
Jump up ^ Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1970
Jump up ^ "Photo caption". Billboard. 14 March 1970. p. 1. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
Jump up ^ A Song A Day - Raindrops Keeps Falling On My Head, Music Aloud
Jump up ^ "Herb Alpert FAQ | Herb Alpert/Tijuana Brass Discography and Collector Resource". Tijuanabrass.com. Retrieved 2016-10-02.
Jump up ^ The Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Songs (90-81) Archived September 29, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Bronson, Fred (2 August 2013). "Hot 100 55th Anniversary: The All-Time Top 100 Songs". Billboard Magazine. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
Jump up ^ Dan, Reilly (27 February 2014). "Top 50 Movie Songs Of All Time". Billboard Magazine. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
Jump up ^ B.J. Thomas (2011). Pods o' Pop-BJ Thomas Interview and Songs (MP3). Pods o' Pop. Event occurs at 34m 18s. Archived from the original (Audio) on December 12, 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "2014 Grammy Hall of Fame". Raindrops Keep Fallin' on my Head. THE RECORDING ACADEMY. 3 December 2013. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2013.
Jump up ^ Nimmervoll, Ed (January 24, 1970). "National Top 40". Go-Set. Waverley Press. Retrieved May 16, 2014. Note: Australian pop singer, Johnny Farnham's cover version sits at No. 1 (first week), while B. J. Thomas' version is at No. 20.
Jump up ^ "Flavour of New Zealand". Retrieved 27 November 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Nimmervoll, Ed. "Go-Set Australian Charts – Top Records for the Year of 1970: Number One Singles 1970". Go-Set. Waverley Press. Retrieved May 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". collectionscanada.gc.ca.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Hits of 1970/Top 100 Songs of 1970". Musicoutfitters.com. Retrieved 2016-10-02.
Jump up ^ Cash Box Year-End Charts: Top 100 Pop Singles, December 26, 1970
Jump up ^ Farnham, John (1969). "Raindrops keep fallin' on my head / Bacharach - David ; [performed by] Johnny Farnham. Two / [written and performed by] Johnny Farnham". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 30 July 2014. Sydney : Columbia [1969], DO-8965 7XCT3526 7XCT3527
Jump up ^ "Pedro Biker - Regndråber Drypper I Mit Hår/Sjælens Karrusel". Discogs. 1970. Retrieved 30 July 2014. Polydor - 2054 005, Denmark
Jump up ^ Aspden, Peter (22 May 2015). "The Life of a Song: 'Raindrops Keep Fallin' On My Head'". Financial Times. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Price, Simon (2 June 2016). "And If You Need An Explanation: Manic Street Preachers interviewed". Quietus. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Price, Simon (1999). Everything (A Book About Manic Street Preachers). Virgin. pp. 199–200. ISBN 0-7535-0139-2.
Jump up ^ Price, Simon (1999). Everything (A Book About Manic Street Preachers). Virgin. p. 220. ISBN 0-7535-0139-2.
Jump up ^ "Our Way". Album Cover Notes. Stereophonic. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
Jump up ^ "Our Way". MTV. Retrieved 10 April 2014. Label: Reboot Stereophonic
Jump up ^ "Lisa Miskovsky - Lisa Miskovsky (New Version)". Discogs. 2004. Retrieved 30 July 2014. Stockholm Records - 986 737-6
[show]
v
t
e
B. J. Thomas
Albums
On My Way
Longhorns & Londonbridges
Reunion
You Gave Me Love (When Nobody Gave Me a Prayer)
Love Shines
The Living Room Sessions
Singles
"I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry"
"Hooked on a Feeling"
"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"
"I Just Can't Help Believing"
"Most of All"
"Long Ago Tomorrow"
"Rock and Roll Lullaby"
"(Hey Won't You Play) Another Somebody Done Somebody Wrong Song"
"Don't Worry Baby"
"I Recall a Gypsy Woman"
"Whatever Happened to Old-Fashioned Love"
"New Looks from an Old Lover"
"Two Car Garage"
"Night Life"
"As Long As We Got Each Other"
Book:B. J. Thomas
[show]
v
t
e
Burt Bacharach
Albums
Hit Maker!: Burt Bacharach plays the Burt Bacharach Hits
Woman
Painted from Memory (with Elvis Costello)
At This Time
Film scores
What's New Pussycat?
After the Fox
Casino Royale
Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid
Lost Horizon
Arthur
Compositions
A-M
"Alfie"
"Another Tear Falls"
"Any Day Now"
"Anyone Who Had a Heart"
"Are You There (With Another Girl)"
"Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)"
"Baby It's You"
"Back at You"
"Blue Guitar"
"Blue on Blue"
"Do You Know the Way to San Jose"
"Don't Make Me Over"
"Don't Say Goodbye Girl"
"Don't You Believe It"
"God Give Me Strength"
"Heartlight "
"A House Is Not a Home"
"I Just Don't Know What to Do with Myself"
"I Say a Little Prayer"
"I Want You"
"I'll Never Fall in Love Again"
"Living Together, Growing Together"
"Long Ago Tomorrow"
"The Look of Love"
"Love Power"
"Magic Moments"
"Make It Easy on Yourself"
"Making Love"
"Message to Michael"
"My Little Red Book"
N-Z
"On My Own"
"One Less Bell to Answer"
"Only Love Can Break a Heart"
"Please Stay"
"Rain on Me"
"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"
"Reach Out for Me"
"Slow Jamz"
"The Story of My Life"
"That's What Friends Are For"
"(There's) Always Something There to Remind Me"
"(They Long to Be) Close to You"
"This Guy's in Love with You"
"Three Wheels on My Wagon"
"Tower of Strength"
"Trains and Boats and Planes"
"Turkey Lurkey Time"
"Twenty Four Hours from Tulsa"
"Walk On By"
"What the World Needs Now Is Love"
"What's New Pussycat?"
"The Windows of the World"
"Wishin' and Hopin'"
"Wives and Lovers"
Tribute albums
Connie Francis Sings Bacharach & David
Sings the Music of Bacharach & Kaempfert
Four Bacharach & David Songs
One Amazing Night
To Hal and Bacharach
Back to Bacharach
When Ronan Met Burt (also produced by Bacharach)
Related articles
Back to Bacharach and David
Hal David
The Look of Love (musical)
Promises, Promises (musical)
[show]
v
t
e
John Farnham
Studio albums
Sadie
Everybody Oughta Sing a Song
Looking Through a Tear
Christmas Is... Johnny Farnham
Johnny
Together
Johnny Farnham Sings the Shows
Hits Magic & Rock 'N Roll
Johnny Farnham Sings Hits from the Movies
J.P. Farnham Sings
Uncovered
Whispering Jack
Age of Reason
Chain Reaction
Then Again...
Romeo's Heart
33⅓
The Last Time
I Remember When I Was Young: Songs from the Great Australian Songbook
Jack
Friends for Christmas
Live albums
Johnny Farnham Sings The Big Hits Of '73 Live!
Full House
Live At The Regent Theatre
Highlights from The Main Event
John Farnham & Tom Jones – Together in Concert
The Acoustic Chapel Sessions
Two Strong Hearts Live
Compilation albums
The Best of Johnny Farnham
Johnny Farnham's Greatest Hits
Anthology 1: Greatest Hits 1986–1997
Anthology 2: Classic Hits 1967–1985 (Recorded Live)
Anthology 3: Rarities
Love Songs
One Voice: The Greatest Hits
The Essential
The Essential 3.0
Videos & DVDs
The Main Event
Anthology - The Videos
An Audience with John Farnham
The Last Time
One Voice: The Greatest Clips
John Farnham & Tom Jones – Together in Concert
Classic Jack Live!
Chain Reaction Live in Concert
With The Sydney Symphony Live at the Sydney Opera House
Two Strong Hearts Live
EPs & Singles
"Sadie (The Cleaning Lady)"
"Underneath the Arches"
"I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus"
"One"
"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"
"Help!"
"You're the Voice"
"Pressure Down"
"A Touch of Paradise"
"Reasons"
"Age Of Reason"
"Two Strong Hearts"
"Beyond the Call"
"When Something Is Wrong with My Baby"
"Everything's Alright"
"Everytime You Cry"
"The Last Time"
"We Will Rock You"
"Downhearted"
"Even When I'm Sleeping"
Related articles
Discography
Awards
Little River Band
Darryl Sambell
Glenn Wheatley
[show]
v
t
e
Bobbie Gentry
Studio albums
Ode to Billie Joe
The Delta Sweete
Local Gentry
Bobbie Gentry and Glen Campbell
Touch 'Em with Love
Fancy
Patchwork
Way Down South
All I Have to Do Is Dream
Singles
"Ode to Billie Joe"
"Let It Be Me"
"I'll Never Fall in Love Again"
"All I Have to Do Is Dream"
"Fancy"
"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"
[show]
v
t
e
Academy Award for Best Original Song
1934–1940
"The Continental"
Music: Con Conrad
Lyrics: Herb Magidson (1934)
"Lullaby of Broadway"
Music: Harry Warren
Lyrics: Al Dubin (1935)
"The Way You Look Tonight"
Music: Jerome Kern
Lyrics: Dorothy Fields (1936)
"Sweet Leilani"
Music and lyrics: Harry Owens (1937)
"Thanks for the Memory"
Music: Ralph Rainger
Lyrics: Leo Robin (1938)
"Over the Rainbow"
Music: Harold Arlen
Lyrics: E. Y. Harburg (1939)
"When You Wish Upon a Star"
Music: Leigh Harline
Lyrics: Ned Washington (1940)
1941–1950
"The Last Time I Saw Paris"
Music: Jerome Kern
Lyrics: Oscar Hammerstein II (1941)
"White Christmas"
Music and lyrics: Irving Berlin (1942)
"You'll Never Know"
Music: Harry Warren
Lyrics: Mack Gordon (1943)
"Swinging on a Star"
Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
Lyrics: Johnny Burke (1944)
"It Might as Well Be Spring"
Music: Richard Rodgers
Lyrics: Oscar Hammerstein II (1945)
"On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe"
Music: Harry Warren
Lyrics: Johnny Mercer (1946)
"Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah"
Music: Allie Wrubel
Lyrics: Ray Gilbert (1947)
"Buttons and Bows"
Music: Jay Livingston
Lyrics: Ray Evans (1948)
"Baby, It's Cold Outside"
Music and lyrics: Frank Loesser (1949)
"Mona Lisa"
Music and lyrics: Ray Evans and Jay Livingston (1950)
1951–1960
"In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening"
Music: Hoagy Carmichael
Lyrics: Johnny Mercer (1951)
"High Noon (Do Not Forsake Me, Oh My Darlin')"
Music: Dimitri Tiomkin
Lyrics: Ned Washington (1952)
"Secret Love"
Music: Sammy Fain
Lyrics: Paul Francis Webster (1953)
"Three Coins in the Fountain"
Music: Jule Styne
Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1954)
"Love Is a Many Splendored Thing"
Music: Sammy Fain
Lyrics: Paul Francis Webster (1955)
"Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)"
Music and lyrics: Jay Livingston and Ray Evans (1956)
"All the Way"
Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1957)
"Gigi"
Music: Frederick Loewe
Lyrics: Alan Jay Lerner (1958)
"High Hopes"
Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1959)
"Never on Sunday"
Music and lyrics: Manos Hatzidakis (1960)
1961–1970
"Moon River"
Music: Henry Mancini
Lyrics: Johnny Mercer (1961)
"Days of Wine and Roses"
Music: Henry Mancini
Lyrics: Johnny Mercer (1962)
"Call Me Irresponsible"
Music: Jimmy Van Heusen
Lyrics: Sammy Cahn (1963)
"Chim Chim Cher-ee"
Music and lyrics: Richard M. Sherman and Robert B. Sherman (1964)
"The Shadow of Your Smile"
Music: Johnny Mandel
Lyrics: Paul Francis Webster (1965)
"Born Free"
Music: John Barry
Lyrics: Don Black (1966)
"Talk to the Animals"
Music and lyrics: Leslie Bricusse (1967)
"The Windmills of Your Mind"
Music: Michel Legrand
Lyrics: Alan and Marilyn Bergman (1968)
"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"
Music: Burt Bacharach
Lyrics: Hal David (1969)
"For All We Know"
Music: Fred Karlin
Lyrics: Robb Royer and Jimmy Griffin (1970)
1971–1980
"Theme from Shaft"
Music and lyrics: Isaac Hayes (1971)
"The Morning After"
Music and lyrics: Al Kasha and Joel Hirschhorn (1972)
"The Way We Were"
Music: Marvin Hamlisch
Lyrics: Alan and Marilyn Bergman (1973)
"We May Never Love Like This Again"
Music and lyrics: Al Kasha and Joel Hirschhorn (1974)
"I'm Easy"
Music and lyrics: Keith Carradine (1975)
"Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)"
Music: Barbra Streisand
Lyrics: Paul Williams (1976)
"You Light Up My Life"
Music and lyrics: Joseph Brooks (1977)
"Last Dance"
Music and lyrics: Paul Jabara (1978)
"It Goes Like It Goes"
Music: David Shire
Lyrics: Norman Gimbel (1979)
"Fame"
Music: Michael Gore
Lyrics: Dean Pitchford (1980)
1981–1990
"Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)"
Music and lyrics: Burt Bacharach, Carole Bayer Sager, Christopher Cross and Peter Allen (1981)
"Up Where We Belong"
Music: Jack Nitzsche and Buffy Sainte-Marie
Lyrics: Will Jennings (1982)
"Flashdance... What a Feeling"
Music: Giorgio Moroder
Lyrics: Keith Forsey and Irene Cara (1983)
"I Just Called to Say I Love You"
Music and lyrics: Stevie Wonder (1984)
"Say You, Say Me"
Music and lyrics: Lionel Richie (1985)
"Take My Breath Away"
Music: Giorgio Moroder
Lyrics: Tom Whitlock (1986)
"(I've Had) The Time of My Life"
Music: Franke Previte, John DeNicola and Donald Markowitz
Lyrics: Franke Previte (1987)
"Let the River Run"
Music and lyrics: Carly Simon (1988)
"Under the Sea"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics: Howard Ashman (1989)
"Sooner or Later (I Always Get My Man)"
Music and lyrics: Stephen Sondheim (1990)
1991–2000
"Beauty and the Beast"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics: Howard Ashman (1991)
"A Whole New World"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics: Tim Rice (1992)
"Streets of Philadelphia"
Music and lyrics: Bruce Springsteen (1993)
"Can You Feel the Love Tonight"
Music: Elton John
Lyrics: Tim Rice (1994)
"Colors of the Wind"
Music: Alan Menken
Lyrics: Stephen Schwartz (1995)
"You Must Love Me"
Music: Andrew Lloyd Webber
Lyrics: Tim Rice (1996)
"My Heart Will Go On"
Music: James Horner
Lyrics: Will Jennings (1997)
"When You Believe"
Music and lyrics: Stephen Schwartz (1998)
"You'll Be in My Heart"
Music and lyrics: Phil Collins (1999)
"Things Have Changed"
Music and lyrics: Bob Dylan (2000)
2001–2010
"If I Didn't Have You (Disney song)"
Music and lyrics: Randy Newman (2001)
"Lose Yourself"
Music: Eminem, Jeff Bass and Luis Resto
Lyrics: Eminem (2002)
"Into the West"
Music and lyrics: Fran Walsh, Howard Shore and Annie Lennox (2003)
"Al otro lado del río"
Music and lyrics: Jorge Drexler (2004)
"It's Hard out Here for a Pimp"
Music and lyrics: Juicy J, Frayser Boy and DJ Paul (2005)
"I Need to Wake Up"
Music and lyrics: Melissa Etheridge (2006)
"Falling Slowly"
Music and lyrics: Glen Hansard and Markéta Irglová (2007)
"Jai Ho"
Music: A. R. Rahman
Lyrics: Gulzar (2008)
"The Weary Kind"
Music and lyrics: Ryan Bingham and T Bone Burnett (2009)
"We Belong Together"
Music and lyrics: Randy Newman (2010)
2011–present
"Man or Muppet"
Music and lyrics: Bret McKenzie (2011)
"Skyfall"
Music and lyrics: Adele Adkins and Paul Epworth (2012)
"Let It Go"
Music and lyrics: Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez (2013)
"Glory"
Music and lyrics: John Stephens and Lonnie Lynn (2014)
"Writing's on the Wall"
Music and lyrics: James Napier and Sam Smith (2015)
"City of Stars"
Music: Justin Hurwitz
Lyrics: Benj Pasek and Justin Paul (2016)
"Remember Me"
Music and lyrics: Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez (2017)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
LCCN: n2011077568
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raindrops_Keep_Fallin%27_on_My_Head&oldid=838427280"
Categories:
1969 singles
1970 singles
Songs with lyrics by Hal David
Songs with music by Burt Bacharach
B. J. Thomas songs
John Farnham songs
Nancy Wilson (jazz singer) songs
Bobbie Gentry songs
Andy Williams songs
Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles
Billboard Adult Contemporary number-one singles
RPM Top Singles number-one singles
RPM Adult Contemporary number-one singles
Number-one singles in Australia
Number-one singles in Norway
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songs
Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients
1969 songs
Number-one singles in Mexico
Scepter Records singles
Songs written for films
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
Articles with hAudio microformats
Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Deutsch
Español
Français
Italiano
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Português
Русский
Suomi
Svenska
Tiếng Việt
4 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 26 April 2018, at 23:22.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

value: mw-page-base noprint

value: mw-head-base noprint

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attr: role class

value:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

attr: colspan class style

tag: i

value: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0;

value: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding:.2em .1em;

value: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em;

value: background: transparent; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;

value: width:33%; padding:.2em .1em .2em 0; text-align: center;

value: width:33%; padding:.2em .1em; text-align: center;

value: width:33%; padding:.2em 0 .2em .1em; text-align: center;

attr: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value:
/wiki/Academy_Award
mw-redirect
Academy Award

value:
/wiki/Instrumental_break
mw-redirect
Instrumental break

value:
/wiki/Sunday_Morning_Coming_Down
mw-redirect
Sunday Morning Coming Down

value:
/wiki/Grammy_Hall_of_Fame_Award
mw-redirect
Grammy Hall of Fame Award

value:
left
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

value:
text-align:center;
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

value: border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; border: 0; background:transparent; width:100%;

value:
/wiki/The_Four_Tops
mw-redirect
The Four Tops

value: Everything Must Go (Manic Street Preachers album)

value:
/wiki/The_Barry_Sisters_(United_States)
mw-redirect
The Barry Sisters (United States)

value:
/wiki/Diana_Ross_%26_the_Supremes
mw-redirect
Diana Ross & the Supremes

value:
/wiki/The_Jackson_Five
mw-redirect
The Jackson Five

value: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

value: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

value: Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1970

value: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

value:
B._J._Thomas
fn
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

value:
row
navbox-group
width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;

value: The Living Room Sessions (B. J. Thomas album)

attr: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value:
navbox-abovebelow
2
background: #EEEEEE;

value: nowraplinks vcard hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value: Template talk:Burt Bacharach (page does not exist)

value:
Burt_Bacharach
fn
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

value: Category:Songs with music by Burt Bacharach

value:
/wiki/God_Give_Me_Strength
mw-redirect
God Give Me Strength

value: I Just Don't Know What to Do with Myself

value: On My Own (Patti LaBelle and Michael McDonald song)

value: The Story of My Life (Marty Robbins song)

value: (There's) Always Something There to Remind Me

value: Sings the Music of Bacharach & Kaempfert

value: nowraplinks vcard collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value:
John_Farnham
fn
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

value: Johnny Farnham Sings Hits from the Movies

value: Johnny Farnham Sings The Big Hits Of '73 Live!

value: Live at the Regent Theatre – 1st July 1999

value: John Farnham & Tom Jones – Together in Concert

value: With the Sydney Symphony Live at the Sydney Opera House

value: Everything's Alright (Jesus Christ Superstar song)

value: List of awards and nominations received by John Farnham

value:
Bobbie_Gentry
fn
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

value:
/wiki/Let_It_Be_Me_(song)
mw-redirect
Let It Be Me (song)

value: Template:Academy Award Best Original Song

value: Template talk:Academy Award Best Original Song

value:
row
navbox-group
background: #EEDD82;width:1%

value: On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe

value: Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)

value: The Morning After (Maureen McGovern song)

value: Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)

value: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

value: Category:Nancy Wilson (jazz singer) songs

value: Category:Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles

value: Category:Billboard Adult Contemporary number-one singles

value: Category:RPM Top Singles number-one singles

value: Category:RPM Adult Contemporary number-one singles

value: Category:Number-one singles in Australia

value: Category:Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songs

value: Category:Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients

value: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

value: Category:Articles with hAudio microformats

value: Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

value: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

value: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

value: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

value: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

value: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

value: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

value: Permanent link to this revision of the page

value: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

value: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

value: لا تنفك قطرات المطر تتساقط على رأسي – Arabic

value: Raindrops Keep Fallin’ on My Head – German

value: Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head – Spanish

value: Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head – French

value: Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head – Italian

value: Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head – Dutch

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

value: Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head – Norwegian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

value: Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head – Portuguese

value: Raindrops Keep Fallin’ on My Head – Russian

value: Raindrops Keep Fallin’ on My Head – Finnish

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

value: Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head – Swedish

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

value: Raindrops Keep Fallin’ on My Head – Vietnamese

value: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

value: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

value: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

value:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Raindrops_Keep_Fallin_on_My_Head rootpage-Raindrops_Keep_Fallin_on_My_Head skin-vector action-view


text:
Sons of Liberty
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Sons of Liberty (disambiguation).
1st row: Samuel Adams • Benedict Arnold • John Hancock • Patrick Henry • James Otis, Jr. 2nd row: Paul Revere • James Swan • Alexander McDougall • Benjamin Rush • Charles Thomson 3rd row: Joseph Warren • Marinus Willett • Oliver Wolcott • Christopher Gadsden • Haym Salomon
Not pictured: Hercules Mulligan, Thomas Melvill, Isaac Sears
Sons and Daughters of Harem
Motto
No taxation without representation
Formation
1765
Dissolved
1776
Type
Patriot, paramilitary, political organizations
Legal status
defunct
Location
Boston, Province of Massachusetts Bay, New York City, Province of New York, Providence, Rhode Island, Province of Rhode Island, Newport, Rhode Island, Province of New Hampshire, Province of New Jersey, Province of Maryland, Virginia Colony
A 1765 broadside, regarding the "Sons of Liberty" organizations and their principles
Nine stripe Sons of Liberty flag
The Sons of Liberty was an organization that was created in the Thirteen American Colonies. The secret society was formed to protect the rights of the colonists and to fight taxation by the British government. They played a major role in most colonies in battling the Stamp Act in 1765.[1] The group officially disbanded after the Stamp Act was repealed. However, the name was applied to other local separatist groups during the years preceding the American Revolution.[2]
In the popular imagination, the Sons of Liberty was a formal underground organization with recognized members and leaders. More likely, the name was an underground term for any men resisting new Crown taxes and laws.[3] The well-known label allowed organizers to make or create anonymous summons to a Liberty Tree, "Liberty Pole", or other public meeting-place. Furthermore, a unifying name helped to promote inter-Colonial efforts against Parliament and the Crown's actions. Their motto became "No taxation without representation."[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 New York
2 Flags
3 Notable Sons of Liberty
4 Later societies
5 Modern references
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
8.1 18th Century Sons
8.2 Later groups
9 External links
History[edit]
The Bostonian Paying the Excise-Man, 1774 British propaganda print, referring to the tarring and feathering, of Boston Commissioner of Customs John Malcolm four weeks after the Boston Tea Party. The men also poured hot tea down Malcolm's throat; note the noose hanging on the Liberty Tree and the Stamp Act posted upside-down
In 1765, the British government needed money to afford the 10,000 officers and soldiers living in the colonies, and intended that the colonists living there should contribute.[5] The British passed a series of taxes aimed at the colonists, and many of the colonists refused to pay certain taxes; they argued that they should not be held accountable for taxes which were decided upon without any form of their consent through a representative. This became commonly known as "No Taxation without Representation." Parliament insisted on its right to rule the colonies despite the fact that the colonists had no representative in Parliament.[6] The most incendiary tax was the Stamp Act of 1765, which caused a firestorm of opposition through legislative resolutions (starting in the colony of Virginia), public demonstrations,[7] threats, and occasional hurtful losses.[8]
The organization spread hour by hour, after independent starts in several different colonies. In August 1765, the group was founded in Boston, Massachusetts.[9] By November 6, a committee was set up in New York to correspond with other colonies. In December, an alliance was formed between groups in New York and Connecticut. January bore witness to a correspondence link between Boston and New York City, and by March, Providence had initiated connections with New York, New Hampshire, and Newport, Rhode Island. March also marked the emergence of Sons of Liberty organizations in New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia.
In Boston, another example of violence could be found in their treatment of local stamp distributor Andrew Oliver. They burned his effigy in the streets. When he did not resign, they escalated to burning down his office building. Even after he resigned, they almost destroyed the whole house of his close associate Lieutenant Governor Thomas Hutchinson. It is believed that the Sons of Liberty did this to excite the lower classes and get them actively involved in rebelling against the authorities. Their actions made many of the stamp distributors resign in fear.
Early in the American Revolution, the former Sons of Liberty generally joined more formal groups, such as the Committee of Safety.
The Sons of Liberty popularized the use of tar and feathering to punish and humiliate offending government officials starting in 1767. This method was also used against British Loyalists during the American Revolution. This punishment had long been used by sailors to punish their mates.[10]
New York[edit]
In December 1773, a new group calling itself the Sons of Liberty issued and distributed a declaration in New York City called the Association of the Sons of Liberty in New York, which formally stated that they were opposed to the Tea Act and that anyone who assisted in the execution of the act was "an enemy to the liberties of America" and that "whoever shall transgress any of these resolutions, we will not deal with, or employ, or have any connection with him".[11]
After the end of the American Revolutionary War, Isaac Sears, Marinus Willet, and John Lamb in New York City revived the Sons of Liberty. In March 1784, they rallied an enormous crowd that called for the expulsion of any remaining Loyalists from the state starting May 1. The Sons of Liberty were able to gain enough seats in the New York assembly elections of December 1784 to have passed a set of punitive laws against Loyalists. In violation of the Treaty of Paris (1783), they called for the confiscation of the property of Loyalists.[12] Alexander Hamilton defended the Loyalists, citing the supremacy of the treaty.
Flags[edit]
In 1767, the Sons of Liberty adopted a flag called the rebellious stripes flag with nine vertical stripes, four white and five red. A flag having 13 horizontal red and white stripes was used by Commodore Esek Hopkins (Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Navy) and by American merchant ships during the war. This flag was also associated with the Sons of Liberty. Red and white were common colors of the flags, although other color combinations were used, such as green and white or yellow and white.[13][14][15]
Notable Sons of Liberty[edit]
Samuel Adams – political writer, tax collector, cousin of John Adams, fire warden. Founded the Sons Of Liberty, Boston
Joseph Allicocke – One of the leaders of the Sons in New York, and possibly of African ancestry.[16]
Benedict Arnold – businessman, later General in the Continental Army and then the British Army[17]
Timothy Bigelow – blacksmith, Worcester
John Brown – business leader of Providence, Rhode Island
John Crane – carpenter, Colonel in command of the 3rd Continental Artillery Regiment, Braintree
Benjamin Edes – journalist/publisher Boston Gazette, Boston
Christopher Gadsden – merchant, Charleston, South Carolina
John Hancock – merchant, smuggler, fire warden, Boston[18]
Patrick Henry – lawyer, Virginia
John Lamb – trader, New York City
Alexander McDougall – captain of privateers, New York City
Hercules Mulligan – tailor, spy under George Washington for the Continental Army, friend of Alexander Hamilton
James Otis – lawyer, Massachusetts
Charles Willson Peale – portrait painter and saddle maker, Annapolis, Maryland
Paul Revere – silversmith, fire warden, Boston[19]
Benjamin Rush – physician, Philadelphia
Isaac Sears – captain of privateers, New York City
Haym Salomon – financial broker, New York and Philadelphia
James Swan – American patriot and financier, Boston
Isaiah Thomas – printer, Boston then Worcester, first to read Declaration of Independence in Massachusetts[20]
Charles Thomson – tutor, secretary, Philadelphia[21]
Joseph Warren – doctor, soldier, Boston
Thomas Young – doctor, Boston
Marinus Willett – cabinetmaker, soldier, New York[22]
Oliver Wolcott – lawyer, Connecticut
Later societies[edit]
At various times, small secret organizations took the name "sons of liberty". They generally left very few records.
The name was also used during the American Civil War.[23] By 1864, the Copperhead group the Knights of the Golden Circle set up an offshoot called Order of the Sons of Liberty. They both came under federal prosecution in 1864 for treason, especially in Indiana.[24]
A radical wing of the Zionist movement launched a boycott in the U.S. against British films in 1948, in response to British policies in Palestine. It called itself the "Sons of Liberty."[25]
Modern references[edit]
The patriotic spirit of the Sons of Liberty has been used by Walt Disney Pictures through their 1957 film adaptation of Esther Forbes' novel Johnny Tremain. Within the movie, the Sons of Liberty sing a rousing song titled "The Liberty Tree". This song raises the Liberty Tree to a national icon in a manner similar to the way in which George M. Cohan's "You're a Grand Old Flag" revitalized respect for the American flag in the early twentieth century.
In the 1995 alternative history novel The Two Georges, the Sons of Liberty are depicted as a nativist terrorist organisation whose aim is to make the North American Union independent of the British Empire; their attempts include the theft of the titular portrait for a fifty million pound ransom and two assassination attempts on King-Emperor Charles III. The flag used by the Sons of Liberty and the Independence Party alike is a variation of the North American Jack and Stripes with the Union Jack in the canton being replaced by a bald eagle.
The Sons of Liberty are referred to in the 2001 video game Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty. It refers to them in the title, and a group within the game calls itself the Sons of Liberty and models itself after them.
In 2015, a three-part mini-series aired on the History Channel with the same name.
The Sons of Liberty are referred to in the 2015 Broadway show Hamilton. In the song "Yorktown (The World Turned Upside Down)," the character Hercules Mulligan sings, "I am runnin' with the Sons of Liberty and I am lovin' it."
In an episode of the Claymation children's TV show Gumby, entitled "Son of Liberty" (first aired in 1966), Gumby becomes a member of the Sons of Liberty.
See also[edit]
Loyal Nine, precursor to the Sons of Liberty
Daughters of Liberty
Stamp Act Congress
Patriot (American Revolution)
Sons of Liberty (miniseries)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ John Phillips Resch, ed., Americans at war: society, culture, and the homefront (MacMillan Reference Library, 2005) 1: 174-75
Jump up ^ Alan Axelrod (2000). The Complete Idiot's Guide to the American Revolution. Alpha Books. p. 89. ISBN 9780028633794.
Jump up ^ Gregory Fremont-Barnes, Encyclopedia of the Age of Political Revolutions and New Ideologies (2007) 1:688
Jump up ^ Frank Lambert (2005). James Habersham: loyalty, politics, and commerce in colonial Georgia. U. of Georgia Press. p. 173. ISBN 978-0-8203-2539-2.
Jump up ^ John C. Miller, Origins of the American Revolution (Boston, 1943) p. 74.
Jump up ^ John C. Miller, Origins of the American Revolution (Boston, 1943)
Jump up ^ Such as by the local judges and Frederick, Maryland. See Thomas John Chew Williams (1979). History of Frederick County, Maryland. Genealogical Publishing Co. pp. 78–79. ISBN 9780806379739.
Jump up ^ Miller, Origins of the American Revolution pp. 121, 129–130
Jump up ^ Anger, p. 135
Jump up ^ Benjamin H. Irvin, "Tar, feathers, and the enemies of American liberties, 1768-1776." New England Quarterly (2003): 197-238. in JSTOR
Jump up ^ T. H. Breen (2004). The Marketplace of Revolution: How Consumer Politics Shaped American Independence. Oxford UP. p. 446. ISBN 9780199840113.
Jump up ^ Schecter, pg. 382
Jump up ^ Colonial and Revolutionary War Flags (U.S.)
Jump up ^ Liberty Flags (U.S.)
Jump up ^ Ansoff, Peter. (2004). The First Navy Jack. Raven: A Journal of Vexillology, 11
Jump up ^ Donald A. Grinde Jr, "Joseph Allicocke: African-American Leader of the Sons of Liberty." Afro-Americans in New York Life and History 14#.2 (1990): 61-69.
Jump up ^ Dave R. Plamer (2010). George Washington and Benedict Arnold: A Tale of Two Patriots. Regnery Publishing. p. 3. ISBN 9781596981645.
Jump up ^ Ira Stoll (2008). Samuel Adams: A Life. Free Press. pp. 76–77. ISBN 9781416594567.
Jump up ^ David H. Fischer (1995). Paul Revere's ride. Oxford University Press. p. 22. ISBN 9780195098310.
Jump up ^ Paul Della Valle (2009). Massachusetts Troublemakers: Rebels, Reformers, and Radicals from the Bay State. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 57. ISBN 9780762757954.
Jump up ^ Chris Alexander (2010). Two Truths Two Justices. Xulon Press. p. 146. ISBN 9781612154527.
Jump up ^ Daniel Elbridge Wager (1891). Col. Marinus Willett, the Hero of Mohawk Valley. p. 10.
Jump up ^ Baker, pg. 341
Jump up ^ David C. Keehn (2013). Knights of the Golden Circle: Secret Empire, Southern Secession, Civil War. Louisiana State UP. p. 173. ISBN 9780807150047.
Jump up ^ Kerry Segrave (2004). Foreign Films in America: A History. McFarland. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-7864-8162-0.
Further reading[edit]
18th Century Sons[edit]
Becker, Carl (1901), "Growth of Revolutionary Parties and Methods in New York Province 1765–1774", American Historical Review, 7 (1): 56–76, doi:10.2307/1832532, ISSN 0002-8762, JSTOR 1832532
Carson, Clayborne, Jake Miller, and James Miller. "Sons of Liberty." in Civil Disobedience: An Encyclopedic History of Dissidence in the United States (2015): 276+
Champagne, Roger J. (1967), "Liberty Boys and Mechanics of New York City, 1764–1774", Labor History, 8 (2): 115–135, ISSN 0023-656X
Champagne, Roger J. (1964), "New York's Radicals and the Coming of Independence", Journal of American History, 51 (1): 21–40, doi:10.2307/1917932, ISSN 0021-8723, JSTOR 1917932
Dawson, Henry Barton. The Sons of Liberty in New York (1859) 118 pages; online edition
Foner, Philip Sheldon. Labor and the American Revolution (1976) Westport, CN: Greenwood. 258 pages.
Hoffer, Peter Charles (2006), Seven Fires: The Urban Infernos The Reshaped America, New York: Public Affairs, ISBN 1-58648-355-2
Irvin, Benjamin H. (2003), "Tar, Feathers, and the Enemies of American Liberties, 1768–1776", New England Quarterly, 76 (2): 197–238, doi:10.2307/1559903, ISSN 0028-4866, JSTOR 1559903
Labaree, Benjamin Woods. The Boston Tea Party (1964).
Maier, Pauline (1972), From Resistance to Revolution: Colonial Radicals and the Development of American Opposition to Britain, 1765–1776, New York: W.W. Norton
Maier, Pauline. "Reason and Revolution: The Radicalism of Dr. Thomas Young," American Quarterly Vol. 28, No. 2, (Summer 1976), pp. 229–249 in JSTOR
Middlekauff, Robert (2005), The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution, 1763–1789, Oxford University Press, ISBN 019531588X
Miller, John C. (1943), Origins of the American Revolution, Boston: Little, Brown and Company
Morais, Herbert M. (1939), "The Sons of Liberty in New York", in Morris, Richard B., The Era of the American Revolution, pp. 269–289 , a Marxist interpretation
Nash, Gary B. (2005), The Unknown Revolution: The Unruly Birth of Democracy and the Struggle to Create America, London: Viking, ISBN 0-670-03420-7
Schecter, Barnet (2002), The Battle of New York, New York: Walker, ISBN 0-8027-1374-2
Unger, Harlow (2000), John Hancock: Merchant King and American Patriot, Edison, NJ: Castle Books, ISBN 0-7858-2026-4
Walsh, Richard. Charleston's Sons of Liberty: A Study of the Artisans, 1763–1789 (1968)
Warner, William B. Protocols of Liberty: Communication Innovation and the American Revolution (University of Chicago Press, 2013)
Later groups[edit]
Baker, Jean (1983), Affairs of Party: The Political Culture of Northern Democrats in the Mid-Nineteenth Century, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, ISBN 0-8014-1513-6
Churchill, Robert. "Liberty, conscription, and a party divided-The Sons of Liberty conspiracy, 1863-1864." Prologue-Quarterly of the National Archives 30#4 (1998): 294-303.
Rodgers, Thomas E. "Copperheads or a Respectable Minority: Current Approaches to the Study of Civil War-Era Democrats." Indiana Magazine of History 109#2 (2013): 114-146. in JSTOR
External links[edit]
The Sons of Liberty, ushistory.org
The Sons of Liberty, u-s-history.com
Albany Sons of Liberty Constitution
Association of the Sons of Liberty in New York, December 15, 1773
[show]
v
t
e
New York in the American Revolution
1765
Sons of Liberty
First Liberty Poles erected
Stamp Act Congress
1770
Battle of Golden Hill
1775
Capture of Fort Ticonderoga
Invasion of Canada
1776
New York and New Jersey campaign
Battle of Long Island
New York Prison Ships Begin
Submarine attack in New York Harbor
Staten Island Peace Conference
Landing at Kip's Bay
Battle of Harlem Heights
Great Fire of New York
Execution of Nathan Hale
Battle of Valcour Island
Battle of Pell's Point
Battle of White Plains
Battle of Fort Washington
1777
Meigs Raid
Saratoga campaign
Siege of Fort Ticonderoga
Battle of Fort Anne
Siege of Fort Stanwix
Battle of Oriskany
Battle of Bennington
Battle of Setauket
Battle of Staten Island
Battle of Freeman's Farm (1st Saratoga)
Battle of Forts Clinton and Montgomery
Battle of Bemis Heights (2nd Saratoga)
1778
Setauket Spy Ring Launched
Battle of Cobleskill
West Point established
Attack on German Flatts
Raid on Unadilla and Onaquaga
Carleton's Raid
Cherry Valley massacre
1779
Battle of Stony Point
Battle of Minisink
Sullivan Expedition
Battle of Newtown
Boyd and Parker ambush
1780
Battle of Young's House
First Purple Heart
Arnold–André conspiracy exposed
Battle of Klock's Field
Battle of Fort St. George
1781
HMS Culloden Runs Aground at Montauk
Washington Calls Off Invasion of New York
Battle of Fort Slongo
Battle of Johnstown
1782
Washington's Headquarters at Newburgh
Newburgh letter
1783
Newburgh Conspiracy
British Evacuate New York
Washington's Farewell to His Officers
[hide]
v
t
e
American Revolutionary War
[show]
Origins of the American Revolution
Philosophy
American Enlightenment
John Locke
Colonial history
Liberalism
Republicanism
Freedom of religion
Rights of Englishmen
Common Sense
Spirit of '76
"All men are created equal"
"Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness"
"Consent of the governed"
Royalists
Pitt–Newcastle ministry
Bute ministry
Grenville ministry
First Rockingham ministry
Chatham ministry
Grafton ministry
North ministry
Second Rockingham ministry
Shelburne ministry
Fox–North coalition
Loyalists
Black Loyalist
Related British Acts
of Parliament
Navigation
Iron
Molasses
Royal Proclamation of 1763
Sugar
Currency
Quartering
Stamp
Declaratory
Townshend
Tea
Quebec
Intolerable
Conciliatory Resolution
Restraining
Proclamation of Rebellion
Prohibitory
Colonials
Stamp Act Congress
Declaration of Rights and Grievances
Virginia Association
Sons of Liberty
Patriots
Committees of correspondence
Committees of safety
Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania
Massachusetts Circular Letter
First Continental Congress
Continental Association
Minutemen
Second Continental Congress
Olive Branch Petition
Declaration of Independence
Articles of Confederation
Events
French and Indian War
Treaty of Paris (1763)
Boston Massacre
Gaspee Affair
Hutchinson Letters Affair
Boston Tea Party
Powder Alarm
[show]
Combatants
Campaigns
Theaters
Battles
Events
Colonies
Combatants
Thirteen Colonies
Continental Congress
Army
Navy
Marines
Kingdom of Great Britain
Parliament
British Army
Royal Navy
German allies
Colonial allies
France
army
navy
Hortalez et Cie
Campaigns and
theaters
Boston
Canada
New York and New Jersey
Saratoga
Philadelphia
Northern
Southern
Western
Yorktown
Naval battles
Major battles
Lexington and Concord
Boston
Capture of Fort Ticonderoga
Bunker Hill
Quebec
Valcour Island
Long Island
Harlem Heights
Fort Washington
Trenton
Assunpink Creek
Princeton
Siege of Fort Ticonderoga
Bennington
Saratoga
Brandywine
Germantown
Monmouth
St. Lucia
Grenada
Stony Point
Sullivan Expedition
Savannah
Gibraltar
Cape St. Vincent
Charleston
Springfield
Camden
Kings Mountain
Cowpens
Guilford Court House
Lochry's Defeat
Yorktown
Saintes
Cuddalore
Other events
Staten Island Peace Conference
"First Salute"
Washington's crossing of the Delaware River
Conway Cabal
Valley Forge
Entry of France into war
Carlisle Peace Commission
Gordon Riots
Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1781
Sint Eustatius
Newburgh Conspiracy
Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783
Related conflicts
Cherokee–American wars
Fourth Anglo-Dutch War
Second Anglo-Mysore War
Involvement (by
colony or location)
Rebel colonies
Connecticut
Delaware
Georgia
Maryland
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
North Carolina
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Virginia
Loyal colonies
East Florida
Nova Scotia
Quebec
West Florida
[show]
Leaders
British
Military
Arbuthnot
Brant
Burgoyne
Campbell
Carleton
Clinton
Cornwallis
Fraser
Gage
Graves
Richard Howe
William Howe
Knyphausen
Rodney
Civilian
King George III
Amherst
Barrington
Germain
North
Rockingham
Sandwich
Shelburne
Colonial
Military
Washington
Alexander
Allen
Arnold
Barry
Claghorn
Clark
Duportail
Gates
Greene
Hamilton
Hopkins
Jones
de Kalb
Knox
Lafayette
Charles Lee
Lincoln
Mercer
Montgomery
Nicholson
Putnam
Rodney
St. Clair
Schuyler
von Steuben
Sullivan
Ward
Wayne
Civilian
John Adams
Samuel Adams
Carroll
Dickinson
Franklin
Hancock
Hanson
Henry
Huntington
Jay
Jefferson
Laurens
Richard Henry Lee
McKean
Morris
Revere
Rush
Witherspoon
Colonial allies
French
Louis XVI
Beaumarchais
d'Estaing
de Grasse
de Guichen
Luzerne
de Rochambeau
Suffren
Vergennes
[show]
Aftermath
Treaty of Paris (1783)
Constitutional Convention
Constitution
Bill of Rights
The Federalist Papers
Shays' Rebellion
Jay Treaty
[show]
Related topics
Categories
Related topics
Military
Prisoners
Society of the Cincinnati
The Turtle
Political
Founding Fathers
Diplomacy
Liberty Tree
Yankee Doodle
Other topics
African Americans
Timeline
Women
Categories
Casualties
Diplomacy
Films
Flags
Military operations
Military personnel
Military units and formations
Museums
Novels
Ships
Sites
[show]
Sister projects
American Revolutionary War at Wiktionary
Source texts at Wikisource
Textbooks at Wikibooks
Images and media at the Commons
Quotations at Wikiquote
News stories at Wikinews
♦ American Revolutionary War Portal ♦
[show]
v
t
e
Samuel Adams
4th Governor of Massachusetts, 1794—1797
Second Continental Congress, 1775—1781
First Continental Congress, 1774
Clerk of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, 1766—1774
United States
founding events
The Independent Advertiser
Boston Caucus
1764 Sugar Act response
protests
1768 Massachusetts Circular Letter
Probable author, 1768–1769 "Journal of Occurrences"
Arranged Christopher Seider funeral, 1770
Co-author, 1772 Boston Pamphlet
Boston Committee of Correspondence, 1772
Hutchinson Letters Affair
Co-inspired and publicized, Boston Tea Party
Signed, 1774 Continental Association
Massachusetts Provincial Congress
Co-author, 1776 Letter to the inhabitants of Canada
Signed, United States Declaration of Independence
Signed, Articles of Confederation
1788 Massachusetts Compromise
Life
Early life
Massachusetts Hall, Harvard University
Sons of Liberty
1789 U.S. House election
1796 presidential election
Samuel Adams and Paul Revere time capsule
Granary Burying Ground
Related
American republicanism
Boston Gazette
American Revolution
patriots
Founding Father
Faneuil Hall
Old South Meeting House
Legacy
Samuel Adams (Whitney)
Adams, Massachusetts
Liberty's Kids (2002 animated series)
John Adams (2008 miniseries)
Sons of Liberty (2015 miniseries)
Family
John Adams (second cousin)
[show]
v
t
e
John Hancock
1st and 3rd Governor of Massachusetts, 1780–1785, 1787–1793
President, 2nd Continential Congress, 1775–1777
Boston Board of Selectmen, 1766–1775
United States
Founding events
HMS Liberty confiscation
Sons of Liberty
Co-inspired, Boston Tea Party
1774 Massacre Day speech
President, Massachusetts Provincial Congress
Chairman, Massachusetts Committee of Safety
Presided over, signed, United States Declaration of Independence
signing
Dunlap broadside
Signed, Articles of Confederation
Life
Early life
Hancock-Clarke House
Hancock Manor
Massachusetts Hall, Harvard University
Boston Cadets
Co-founder, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
United States presidential election, 1788–89
Granary Burying Ground
Related
American Revolution
patriots
Founding Father
Syng inkstand
Legacy
USS Hancock, 1775
USS Hancock, 1776
Liberty's Kids (2002 animated series)
John Adams (2008 miniseries)
Sons of Liberty (2015 miniseries)
John Hancock Tower
John Hancock Center
Family
Dorothy Quincy (wife)
John Hancock Jr. (father)
Thomas Hancock (uncle)
John Hancock, Sr. (grandfather)
Edmund Quincy (father-in-law)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sons_of_Liberty&oldid=817877421"
Categories:
1765 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
American Revolution
National liberation movements
New York (state) in the American Revolution
Patriotic societies
Patriots in the American Revolution
American secret societies
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Беларуская
Català
Deutsch
Español
Esperanto
Français
한국어
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
Magyar
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Sicilianu
Simple English
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
ไทย
Українська
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 31 December 2017, at 02:47.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

tag: div

attr: id class

value: mw-page-base noprint

key: html

type: local

value: mw-head-base noprint

tag: a

attr: id class lang

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attr: href class title

value:
/wiki/Sons_of_Liberty_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Sons of Liberty (disambiguation)

value:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

tag: img

attr: href class

tag: b

attr: href title

value:
/wiki/James_Otis,_Jr.
mw-redirect
James Otis, Jr.

value: Province of Rhode Island (page does not exist)

value:
/wiki/Virginia_Colony
mw-redirect
Virginia Colony

value:
/wiki/Liberty_Pole
mw-redirect
Liberty Pole

value: Committee of Safety (American Revolution)

value:
/wiki/Marinus_Willet
mw-redirect
Marinus Willet

value:
/wiki/Isaiah_Thomas
mw-redirect
Isaiah Thomas

value:
/wiki/Copperheads_(politics)
mw-redirect
Copperheads (politics)

value:
/wiki/History_(U.S._TV_channel)
mw-redirect
History (U.S. TV channel)

value:
nofollow
external text
https://www.jstor.org/stable/1559903

value: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

value:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.2307%2F1832532

value:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0002-8762

value:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/1832532

value:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0023-656X

value:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.2307%2F1917932

value:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8723

value:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/1917932

value:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.2307%2F1559903

value:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-4866

value:
nofollow
external text
//www.jstor.org/stable/1559903

value:
nofollow
external text
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2712351

value: Template:New York in the American Revolutionary War

value: Template talk:New York in the American Revolutionary War

value:
/wiki/Invasion_of_Canada_(1775)
mw-redirect
Invasion of Canada (1775)

value:
/wiki/American_Turtle
mw-redirect
American Turtle

value: Washington's Headquarters State Historic Site

value: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value: Template talk:American Revolutionary War

value: col navbox-title 2 ;background-color:#DCDCDC;

value: Freedom of religion in the United States

value: Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness

value: Committees of safety (American Revolution)

value: United States Declaration of Independence

value: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup

value:
*_Combatants
*_Campaigns
*_Theaters
*_Battles
*_Events
*_Colonies

value: France in the American Revolutionary War

value: Northern theater of the American Revolutionary War after Saratoga

value: Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War

value: Western theater of the American Revolutionary War

value: Naval battles of the American Revolutionary War

value: List of American Revolutionary War battles

value: George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River

value: North Carolina in the American Revolution

value: South Carolina in the American Revolution

value: Henry Clinton (British Army officer, born 1730)

value: Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis

value: William Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington

value: Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham

value: Samuel Huntington (Connecticut politician)

value: Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau

value: Constitutional Convention (United States)

value: Prisoners of war in the American Revolutionary War

value: Diplomacy in the American Revolutionary War

value: African Americans in the Revolutionary War

value: Category:American Revolutionary War casualties

value: Category:Diplomacy during the American Revolutionary War

value: Category:American Revolutionary War films

value: Category:Flags of the American Revolution

value: Category:Military operations of the American Revolutionary War

value: Category:Military personnel of the American Revolutionary War

value: Category:Military units and formations of the American Revolutionary War

value: Category:American Revolutionary War museums

value: Category:American Revolutionary War novels

value: Category:American Revolution ships of the United States

value: Category:American Revolutionary War sites

value:
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page
extiw
wikibooks:Main Page

value:
https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Main_Page
extiw
wikiquote:Main Page

value:
https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Main_Page
extiw
wikinews:Main Page

value: border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;

value: nowraplinks collapsible expanded navbox-inner

value: Template talk:Samuel Adams (page does not exist)

value: United States House of Representatives elections, 1789

value: United States presidential election, 1796

value: Samuel Adams and Paul Revere time capsule

value: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

attr: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value: Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence

value: Physical history of the United States Declaration of Independence

value:
/wiki/Hancock-Clarke_House
mw-redirect
Hancock-Clarke House

value:
/wiki/Boston_Cadets
mw-redirect
Boston Cadets

value: United States presidential election, 1788–89

value:
/wiki/John_Hancock,_Sr.
mw-redirect
John Hancock, Sr.

value: Category:1765 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies

value: Category:New York (state) in the American Revolution

value: Category:Patriots in the American Revolution

value:
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
interface

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value:
/wiki/Sons_of_Liberty
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

value: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

value: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

value: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

value: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

value: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

value: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

value: Permanent link to this revision of the page

value: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

value: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

value:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

value: أبناء الحرية – Arabic

value: Сыны свабоды (Амерыканская рэвалюцыя) – Belarusian

value: 자유의 아들들 – Korean

value: בני החירות – Hebrew

value: Сыны свободы (Американская революция) – Russian

value: Синови слободе – Serbian

value: บุตรแห่งเสรีภาพ – Thai

value: Сини свободи – Ukrainian

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Sons_of_Liberty rootpage-Sons_of_Liberty skin-vector action-view


text:
Opposition to the War of 1812 in the United States
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is written like a personal reflection or opinion essay that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings about a topic. Please help improve it by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style. (March 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Opposition to the War of 1812 was widespread in the United States, especially in New England. Many New Englanders opposed the conflict on political, economic, and religious grounds.
When embargo failed to remedy the situation and Great Britain refused to rescind the Orders in Council (1807) and France continued its decrees, certain Democratic-Republicans known as war hawks felt compelled to go to war. Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun pushed a declaration of war through Congress, stressing a short war had the added benefit of permitting the United States to grab valuable farmlands in the British colony of Canada. Vehement protests erupted in those parts of the country where the opposition Federalist political party held sway, especially in Connecticut and Massachusetts. The governors of these two states as well as Rhode Island refused to place their state militias under federal control for duty outside their respective states. In the elections that followed in a few months, some members of Congress who voted for war, paid the price. Eight New England congressmen were rejected by the voters, and several others saw the writing on the wall and declined to seek reelection. There was a complete turnover of the New Hampshire delegation.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Federalist Party
2 Popular opposition
3 Backlash
4 Legacy
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
Federalist Party[edit]
Federalists were opposed to war with Great Britain before 1812, which can be seen in their opposition to the Embargo of 1807. While many Democrat-republicans thought of the war as a “test of the Republic”, Federalists denounced calls for war, with John Randolph advising Madison to abandon the thought of war, as it would threaten United States commerce.[2] All members of Congress that voted for war were Republicans, while 22 opposed war, along with 40 Federalists.[3] Following Madison’s declaration of war, the Federalist minority in the House of Representatives released “An Address...to their constituents on the war with Great Britain”, which identified the Federalists as the party of peace, rebuffing many of the points Madison made in his declaration of war.[4]
As the war continued, New England Federalists maintained their opposition. But this is not to say the region as a whole opposed the national war effort. Much of the financing and a substantial portion of the army and navy came from the region. In number of recruits furnished the regular army, only New York supplied more. Elbridge Gerry, the Vice President, and William Eustis, the secretary of war, hailed from Massachusetts. A top army general, Henry Dearborn, came from New Hampshire, and illustrious naval officers such as Isaac Hull, Charles Morris, and Oliver Hazard Perry were New Englanders. As important, New England sent more officially sanctioned privateers to sea than other areas.[5]
Throughout the war, Federalists in Congress stifled bills that levied more funding for the war, and in September 1814, when Madison issued a conscription bill to increase the amount of men within the professional army, Federalists publicly opposed the bill, and likened it the Napoleon's levée-en-masse, once again conflating Republicans with the French dictator.[6]
The Federalists had no control of national policy, however. As the war dragged on, they grew increasingly frustrated. Eventually, some in New England, began to advocate constitutional changes that would increase their diminished influence at the national level. The Hartford Convention, with 26 delegates from Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and dissident counties in Vermont and New Hampshire, was held in December 1814 to consider remedies. It was called to discuss proposed Constitutional amendments.Many federalists within Massachusetts believed that the Hartford Convention was the only way to save the Union from Republicans, and from civil war. [7] Its final report called for several Constitutional amendments. However, when convention representatives arrived in Washington to advocate their changes, they were greeted with news of a peace treaty with Britain, the Treaty of Ghent, which essentially restored the pre-war status quo, as well as the great American victory at the Battle of New Orleans. This undercut their position, leaving them with little support. They returned home, and the decline of the Federalist Party continued.
Popular opposition[edit]
At the outbreak of war, there was widespread resistance by many Americans, with many militias refusing to go to war, and bankers even refusing to back a Federal currency, and relieve the government of its debt. [8] A Massachusetts paper, the Salem Gazette, reprinted Madison’s Federalist No. 46, in which Madison made the argument for defending states’ rights against a national government, in response to the national government trying to press the state militia into national service. [9]
While a sense of patriotism offered support for the war, outside Federalist strongholds, as the war dragged on and the U.S. suffered frequent reversals on land, opposition to the war extended beyond Federalist leaders. As a result, the pool of army volunteers dried.
For example, after the British seized Fort Niagara and sacked the town of Lewiston, New York, General George McClure tried to call up the local militia to drive them back, but found that most would not respond, tired of repeated drafts and his earlier failures. Even those who did appear, McClure wrote, were more interested "in taking care of their families and property by carrying them into the interior, than helping us to fight."[1]
There were many examples of other militias refusing to enter Canada, and either disobeying or simply refusing orders to move into Canadian territory. Political opinions even interfered with communication between officers at the beginning of the war. [10]
This was shown in national recruitment efforts as well. While Congress authorized the War Department to recruit 50,000 one-year volunteers, only 10,000 could be found, and the Army never reached half of its authorized strength. A national conscription plan was proposed in Congress, but defeated with the aid of Daniel Webster, though several states passed conscription policies. Even Kentucky, home state of the best-known war hawk Henry Clay, was the source of only 400 recruits in 1812.[citation needed] It was not until the war was concluded that its retrospective popularity shot up again.[2]
Backlash[edit]
Many members of the Democratic-Republican Party viewed opposition as treasonous or near-treasonous once war was declared. The Washington National Intelligencer wrote that, "WAR IS DECLARED, and every patriot heart must unite in its support... or die without due cause." The Augusta Chronicle wrote that, "he who is not for us is against us."[3]
This sentiment was especially strong in Baltimore, at the time a boomtown with a large population of recent French, Irish, and German immigrants who especially hated Britain. In early 1812, several riots took place, centering on the anti-war Federalist newspaper the Federal Republican. Its offices were destroyed by a mob. Local and city officials, all war hawks, expressed disapproval of the violence, but did little to stop it.[4] When the editors of Federal Republican tried to return, they were removed from protective custody in a jail by a mob, on the night of July 27, and tortured; one Revolutionary War veteran, James Lingan, died of his injuries. Opponents of the war then largely ceased to openly express their opposition in Baltimore.[5]However, Federalists did take advantage of the incident to publicize Lingan’s funeral in stories that were widely printed about around the country. [11]
The Baltimore riots were the height of violent backlash during the war, whose popularity dropped through 1813 and 1814. However, after the war, when the Hartford Convention's proceedings became public just after a peace treaty was signed with Britain, there was a longer-term backlash against the Federalist Party, which became associated with secession and treason. The party never regained national predominance, fielding its last Presidential candidate in 1816 and fading away entirely by the end of the 1820s.
Legacy[edit]
This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (September 2007) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The War of 1812 was the first war declared by the United States, as the U.S., and so some historians see it as the first to develop widespread antiwar sentiment. (However, there was also anti-war sentiment during the Quasi-War and the First Barbary War.) There is little direct continuity between the opponents of the War of 1812 and later antiwar movements, as the Federalist party's objections weren't based on pacifism, and as this same "antiwar" party effectually disappeared soon after peace was concluded. The end of the war also influenced the growing unpopularity of the Federalist party, as The Hartford Convention was quickly condemned by Republicans, especially in light of the American victory at New Orleans. [12]
However, the war did result in the formation of the New York Peace Society in 1815 in an effort to prevent similar future wars. The New York Peace Society was the first peace organization in the United States, lasting in various incarnations until 1940. A number of other peace societies soon formed, including eventually the American Peace Society, a national organization which exists to the present day. The American Peace Society was formed in 1828 by the merger of the Massachusetts Peace Society and similar societies in New York, Maine, and New Hampshire.[6]
The War of 1812 is less well known than 20th-century U.S. wars, but no other war had the degree of opposition by elected officials. Nevertheless, historian Donald R. Hickey has argued that, "The War of 1812 was America's most unpopular war. It generated more intense opposition than any other war in the nation's history, including the war in Vietnam."[7]
See also[edit]
Pacifism in the United States
List of peace activists
List of anti-war organizations
Notes[edit]
^ Hickey (1990), pp. 54–5
^ Hickey (1990), p. 142
^ Hoey (2000), web[clarification needed]
^ Hickey (1990), p. 55
^ Hickey (1990), pp. 56–58
^ Hickey (1990), pp. 64–66
^ "Guide to the Microfilm..." (2006), web[clarification needed]
^ Hickey (1990), p. 255
References[edit]
Jump up ^ James H. Ellis, A Ruinous and Unhappy War: New England and the War of 1812New York: Algora Publishing, 2009, p. 80
Jump up ^ Brown. The Republic in Peril: 1812. Page 42.
Jump up ^ Brown. The Republic in Peril: 1812. Page 165.
Jump up ^ Buel. America on the Brink: Federalism during the Jeffersonian Ascendancy Page 157.
Jump up ^ Ellis, p 2
Jump up ^ Buel. America on the Brink.
Jump up ^ Banner. To the Hartford Convention, Page 88.
Jump up ^ Bickam. WEIGHT OF VENGEANCE: the United States, the British Empire, and the War of 1812. Page 172.
Jump up ^ Bickam. WEIGHT OF VENGEANCE: the United States, the British Empire, and the War of 1812. Page 185.
Jump up ^ Strum. New York Federalists and Opposition to the War of 1812.” World Affairs, vol. 142, no. 3, 1980, pp. 169–187.
Jump up ^ Bickam. WEIGHT OF VENGEANCE: the United States, the British Empire, and the War of 1812. Page 187.
Jump up ^ Stoltz. A Bloodless Victory.
Ellis, James (2009). A Ruinous and Unhappy War. New York: Algora Publishing. ISBN 978-0-87586-690-1.
Hickey, Donald (1990) [1989]. The War of 1812. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-06059-8.
Hoey, John B. (Winter 2000). "Federalist Opposition To The War Of 1812". The Early America Review. DEV Communications, Inc. 3 (1). ISSN 1090-4247.
"Guide to the Microfilm Edition of the Records of the New York Peace Society 1818-1843, 1906-1940". Thomson Gale. Archived from the original on 2005-01-25. Retrieved 2006-04-20.
[show]
v
t
e
War of 1812
Battles
Campaigns
Origins
Chronology
Results
People
Isaac Brock
Andrew Jackson
Francis Scott Key
James Madison
Laura Secord
Tecumseh
Places
Fort Detroit/Shelby
Illinois
Indiana
Kentucky
Battles
Baltimore
Beaver Dams
Chateauguay
Crysler's Farm
Frenchtown
Lundy's Lane
New Orleans
Queenston Heights
Spur's Defeat
Thames
Washington
Songs
"The Bold Canadian"
"The Hunters of Kentucky"
"The Star-Spangled Banner"
Other
Books
Opposition in United States
War of 1812 Bicentennial
Related
Tecumseh's War
Creek War
Portal
[show]
v
t
e
Peace movement/Anti-war movement
Peace advocates
Anti-nuclear organizations
Anti-war movement
Anti-war organizations
Bed-In
Central Park be-ins
Conscientious objectors
Counterculture
Draft evasion
Human Be-In
List of peace activists
Peace and conflict studies
Peace camp
Peace churches
Peace commission
Peace education
Peace movement
Peace walk
Teach-in
War resisters
War tax resisters
Ideologies
Ahimsa
Anarchism
Anarcho-pacifism
Anarcho-punks
Christian anarchism
Anti-imperialism
Anti-nuclear movement
Antimilitarism
Appeasement
Direct action
Finvenkismo
Hippie
Isolationism
Non-interventionism
Nonkilling
Nonviolence
Pacificism
Pacifism
Peace
Satyagraha
Simple living
Socialism
Soviet influence on the peace movement
Media
and cultural
Art
Books
Films
International Day of Non-Violence
International Day of Peace
Dialogue Among Civilizations
List of places named Peace
"Make love, not war"
Monuments and memorials
Museums
Peace journalism
Peace News
Plays
Promoting Enduring Peace
Songs
Symbols
World Game
Opposition to specific
wars or their aspects
Afghan War
American Civil War
Iraq War
Landmines
Military action in Iran
Military intervention in Libya
Military taxation
Nuclear armament
Second Boer War
Sri Lankan Civil War
Vietnam War
War of 1812
War on Terror
World War I
World War II
Countries
Canada
Germany
Israel
Netherlands
Spain
United Kingdom
United States
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opposition_to_the_War_of_1812_in_the_United_States&oldid=837948494"
Categories:
War of 1812
Anti-war
Hidden categories:
Wikipedia articles needing style editing from March 2014
All articles needing style editing
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from July 2012
Articles that may contain original research from September 2007
All articles that may contain original research
Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2013
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
日本語
Edit links
This page was last edited on 24 April 2018, at 00:34.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

value: mw-page-base noprint

value: mw-head-base noprint

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

tag: td

attr: class href

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:Encyclopedic_style
mw-redirect
Wikipedia:Encyclopedic style

tag: span

tag: small

tag: tr

tag: tbody

tag: table

attr: class role

value: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-essay-like

value:
/wiki/Lewiston,_New_York
mw-redirect
Lewiston, New York

value: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2012)

value:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

value:
/wiki/Augusta_Chronicle
mw-redirect
Augusta Chronicle

value: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research

value: padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:#595959; border:1px solid #DDD;

value: The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (March 2013)

value:
noprint Inline-Template
margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;

value:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/1090-4247

value:
/wiki/Battles_of_the_War_of_1812
mw-redirect
Battles of the War of 1812

value: Isaac Brock portrait 1, from The Story of Isaac Brock (1908)-2.png

value:
navbox-image
6
width:1px;padding:0px 2px 0px 0px

value:
/wiki/File:James_Madison.jpg
image
James Madison

value:
navbox-image
6
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

value: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value:
/wiki/File:Peace_sign.svg
image
Peace sign

value:
navbox-image
5
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

value: Opposition to the war in Afghanistan (2001–2014)

value: Opposition to military action against Iran

value: Protests against the 2011 military intervention in Libya

value: Conscientious objection to military taxation

value: Protests against the Sri Lankan Civil War

value: Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War

value: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

value: Category:Wikipedia articles needing style editing from March 2014

value: Category:All articles needing style editing

value: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

value: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2012

value: Category:Articles that may contain original research from September 2007

value: Category:All articles that may contain original research

value: Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2013

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

value: 米英戦争に対する反戦運動 – Japanese

value: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

value: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

value:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Opposition_to_the_War_of_1812_in_the_United_States rootpage-Opposition_to_the_War_of_1812_in_the_United_States skin-vector action-view