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List of lieutenant generals in the United States Army before 1960
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This is a complete list of lieutenant generals in the United States Army before 1960. The grade of lieutenant general (or three-star general) is ordinarily the second-highest in the peacetime Army, ranking above major general and below general.
Originally created for George Washington during the Quasi-War with France, the grade lapsed for most of the 19th century and early 20th century because it was considered too lofty for the diminutive peacetime establishment. Unlike grades of major general and below, the grade of lieutenant general was not considered a functional office during this period, but the penultimate military honor reserved for only the most eminent of wartime generals. After the Spanish–American War, the lieutenant generalcy slowly transitioned from extraordinary accolade to routine appointment, and from permanent personal grade to temporary ex officio rank. The grade was revived permanently just before World War II and has been in continuous existence ever since.[1]
Before World War I there was at most one lieutenant general on active duty at any time. In 1918 two field army commanders received wartime commissions as lieutenant general to accord them rank equal to allied counterparts, the first time the grade had been conferred purely to facilitate future command instead of to reward past service. Dozens of lieutenant generals were appointed during World War II to lead the vastly expanded military establishment, and by January 1, 1960, the official Army register listed 33 lieutenant generals on active duty in the peacetime Army.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Taxonomy
2 List of U.S. Army lieutenant generals before 1960
3 Timeline
4 History
4.1 Quasi-War
4.2 Mexican War
4.3 Civil War
4.4 Spanish–American War
4.5 World War I
4.6 Interwar
4.7 World War II
4.8 Postwar
5 Legislative history
6 See also
7 Notes
8 Bibliography
8.1 Biographical registers
8.2 Other publications
Taxonomy[edit]
A lieutenant general of the line was an officer who was commissioned in the permanent grade of lieutenant general in the Regular Army and therefore maintained that rank regardless of assignment.[3] (When the law passed in June 1916 in the reference, only major and brigadier generals were authorized in the US Army. No lieutenant generals were appointed as lieutenant generals of the line).
A lieutenant general of the staff was an officer who held the temporary rank of lieutenant general in the Regular Army only while occupying an office designated by statute to carry that rank, and who reverted to a lower permanent grade upon relinquishing that office.[3]
An emergency lieutenant general was an officer whose Regular Army grade of lieutenant general was authorized only during the World War I emergency, which expired on June 30, 1920.
A temporary lieutenant general was an officer who was commissioned in the temporary grade of lieutenant general in the Army of the United States, typically in addition to a lower permanent grade in the Regular Army.
A brevet lieutenant general was an officer who held the rank of lieutenant general only by brevet, and remained commissioned in the permanent grade of major general.
List of U.S. Army lieutenant generals before 1960[edit]
The following list of lieutenant generals includes all officers appointed to that rank in the United States Army prior to January 1, 1960, including brevet and temporary lieutenant generals.[4]
Entries are indexed by the numerical order in which each officer was appointed to that rank while on active duty, or by an asterisk (*) if the officer did not serve in that rank while on active duty. Each entry lists the officer's name, date of rank,[5] date the officer vacated the active-duty rank,[6] number of years on active duty as lieutenant general (Yrs),[7] positions held as lieutenant general, and other biographical notes.[8]
The list is sortable by active-duty appointment order, last name, date of rank, date vacated, and number of years on active duty as lieutenant general.
Name
Date of rank[5]
Date vacated[6]
Yrs[7]
Position
Notes[8]
01 ! 1 washington !George Washington 1798-07-03 ! 3 Jul 1798 1799-12-14 !14 Dec 1799 0529 ! 1
Commanding General, U.S. Army, 1798–1799.
(1732–1799) Promoted to General of the Armies posthumously, 4 Jul 1976.
02 ! 2 scott !Winfield Scott 1847-03-29 !29 Mar 1847 1861-11-01 ! 1 Nov 1861 5331 !15
Commanding General, U.S. Army, 1841–1861.
(1786–1866) Brevet rank.
03 ! 3 grant !Ulysses S. Grant 1864-03-02 ! 2 Mar 1864 1866-07-25 !25 Jul 1866 0875 ! 2
Commanding General, U.S. Army, 1864–1869.
(1822–1885) Promoted to general, 25 Jul 1866.
04 ! 4 sherman !William T. Sherman 1866-07-25 !25 Jul 1866 1869-03-04 ! 4 Mar 1869 0953 ! 3
Commander, Military Division of the Mississippi, 1864–1866.
Commander, Military Division of the Missouri, 1866–1869.
(1820–1891) Promoted to general, 4 Mar 1869.
05 ! 5 sheridan !Philip H. Sheridan 1869-03-04 ! 4 Mar 1869 1888-06-01 ! 1 Jun 1888 7029 !19
Commander, Military Division of the Missouri, 1869–1883.
Commanding General, U.S. Army, 1883–1888.
(1831–1888) Promoted to general, 1 Jun 1888.
06 ! 6 schofield !John M. Schofield 1895-02-08 ! 8 Feb 1895 1895-09-29 !29 Sep 1895 0233 ! 1
Commanding General, U.S. Army, 1888–1895.
(1831–1906)
07 ! 7 miles !Nelson A. Miles 1900-06-06 ! 6 Jun 1900 1903-08-08 ! 8 Aug 1903 1158 ! 3
Commanding General, U.S. Army, 1895–1903.
(1839–1925)[9]
08 ! 8 young !Samuel B. M. Young 1903-08-08 ! 8 Aug 1903 1904-01-09 ! 9 Jan 1904 0154 ! 0
Commanding General, U.S. Army, 1903.
Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, 1903–1904.
(1840–1924)
09 ! 9 chaffee !Adna R. Chaffee 1904-01-09 ! 9 Jan 1904 1906-02-01 ! 1 Feb 1906 0754 ! 2
Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, 1904–1906.
(1842–1914)
10 bates !John C. Bates 1906-02-01 ! 1 Feb 1906 1906-04-14 !14 Apr 1906 0072 ! 0
Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, 1906.
(1842–1919)
11 corbin !Henry C. Corbin 1906-04-15 !15 Apr 1906 1906-09-15 !15 Sep 1906 0153 ! 0
Commander, Northern Division, 1906.
(1842–1909)
12 macarthurarthur !Arthur MacArthur Jr. 1906-09-15 !15 Sep 1906 1909-06-02 ! 2 Jun 1909 0991 ! 3
Commander, Pacific Division, 1906–1907.
Special duty, 1907–1909.
(1845–1912)
13 liggett !Hunter Liggett 1918-10-16-00 !16 Oct 1918 1920-06-30 !30 Jun 1920 0623 ! 2
Commander, First Army, 1918–1919.
Commander, Third Army, 1919–1921.
(1857–1935)[10]
14 bullard !Robert L. Bullard 1918-10-16-01 !16 Oct 1918 1920-06-30 !30 Jun 1920 0623 ! 2
Commander, Second Army, 1918–1919.
Commander, Second Corps Area, 1919–1925.
(1861–1947)[10]
* jadwin !Edgar Jadwin 1929-08-07 ! 7 Aug 1929 (none) 0000 ! 0
(none)
(1865–1931)
15 drum !Hugh A. Drum 1939-08-05-00 ! 5 Aug 1939 1943-10-15 !15 Oct 1943 1532 ! 4
Commanding General, First Army, 1938–1941.
Commanding General, First Army/Northeast Defense Command, 1941.
Commanding General, First Army/Eastern Theater of Operations, 1941–1942.
Commanding General, First Army/Eastern Defense Command, 1942–1943.
Commanding General, First Army/Eastern Defense Command/Chairman, Inter-American Defense Board, 1943.
(1879–1951)[11][12]
16 ford !Stanley H. Ford 1939-08-05-01 ! 5 Aug 1939 1940-09-30-00 !30 Sep 1940 0422 ! 1
Commanding General, Second Army, 1938–1940.
(1877–1954)[13]
17 embick !Stanley D. Embick 1939-08-05-02 ! 5 Aug 1939 1946-06-27 !27 Jun 1946 2054 ! 6
Commanding General, Third Army, 1938–1940.
Senior War Department Member, Permanent Joint Board on Defense for Canada and the United States, 1940–1942, and Mexico and the United States, 1942.
Chairman, Inter-American Defense Board, 1942–1943 and 1943–1946.
Senior War Department Member, Joint Strategic Survey Committee, Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1942–1946.
(1877–1957)[11][14]
18 bowley !Albert J. Bowley 1939-08-05-03 ! 5 Aug 1939 1939-11-30 !30 Nov 1939 0117 ! 0
Commanding General, Fourth Army, 1938–1939.
(1875–1945)[15]
19 dewitt !John L. DeWitt 1939-12-05 ! 5 Dec 1939 1947-06-10 !10 Jun 1947 2744 ! 8
Commanding General, Fourth Army, 1939–1941.
Commanding General, Fourth Army/Western Defense Command, 1941–1943.
Commandant, Army-Navy Staff College, 1943–1946.
(1880–1962)[16][17] Promoted to general on the retired list, 19 Jul 1954.
20 herron !Charles D. Herron 1940-07-31-00 !31 Jul 1940 1941-02-07 ! 7 Feb 1941 0191 ! 1
Commanding General, Hawaiian Department, 1938–1941.
(1877–1977)[18]
21 vanvoorhis !Daniel Van Voorhis 1940-07-31-01 !31 Jul 1940 1941-09-18 !18 Sep 1941 0414 ! 1
Commanding General, Panama Canal Department, 1940–1941.
Commanding General, Panama Canal Department/Caribbean Defense Command, 1941.
(1878–1956)[19]
22 brees !Herbert J. Brees 1940-10-01 ! 1 Oct 1940 1941-05-15 !15 May 1941 0226 ! 1
Commanding General, Third Army, 1940–1941.
(1877–1958)[20][21]
23 lear !Ben Lear 1940-10-02 ! 1 Oct 1940 1945-12-31 !31 Dec 1945 1917 ! 5
Commanding General, Second Army, 1940–1941.
Commanding General, Second Army/Central Defense Command, 1941–1943.
Member, War Department Personnel Board, 1943–1944.
Commanding General, Army Ground Forces, 1944–1945.
Deputy Commanding General, European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army, 1945.
(1879–1966)[11][22] Promoted to general on the retired list, 19 Jul 1954.
24 emmons !Delos C. Emmons 1940-10-25 !25 Oct 1940 1948-06-30 !30 Jun 1948 2805 ! 8
Commander, General Headquarters Air Force, 1940–1941.
Commander, Air Force Combat Command, 1941.
Commanding General, Hawaiian Department, 1941–1943.
Commanding General, Western Defense Command, 1943–1944.
Commanding General, Alaskan Department, 1944–1946.
Commandant, Armed Forces Staff College, 1946–1948.
(1888–1965)[23][24]
25 short !Walter C. Short 1941-02-08 ! 8 Feb 1941 1941-12-16 !16 Dec 1941 0311 ! 1
Commanding General, Hawaiian Department, 1941.
(1880–1949)[25]
26 krueger !Walter Krueger 1941-05-16 !16 May 1941 1945-03-03 ! 5 Mar 1945 1389 ! 4
Commanding General, Third Army, 1941.
Commanding General, Third Army/Southern Defense Command, 1941–1943.
Commanding General, Sixth Army, 1943–1946.
(1881–1967)[26] Promoted to general, 5 Mar 1945.
27 mcnair !Lesley J. McNair 1941-06-09 ! 9 Jun 1941 1944-07-25 !25 Jul 1944 1142 ! 3
Chief of Staff, General Headquarters, U.S. Army, 1941–1942.
Commanding General, Army Ground Forces, 1942–1944.
(1883–1944) Promoted to general posthumously, 19 Jul 1954. Killed in action.
28 macarthurdouglas !Douglas MacArthur 1941-07-27 !27 Jul 1941 1941-12-18 !18 Dec 1941 0144 ! 0
Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces in the Far East, 1941–1942.
(1880–1964)[27] Promoted to general, 18 Dec 1941; to general of the Army, 18 Dec 1944.
29 andrews !Frank M. Andrews 1941-09-19 !19 Sep 1941 1943-05-03 ! 3 May 1943 0591 ! 2
Commanding General, Panama Canal Department/Caribbean Defense Command, 1941–1942.
Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces in the Middle East, 1942–1943.
Commanding General, European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army, 1943.
(1884–1943)[28] Died in office.
30 arnold !Henry H. Arnold 1941-12-15 !15 Dec 1941 1943-03-19 !19 Mar 1943 0459 ! 1
Chief, Army Air Forces, 1941–1942.
Commanding General, Army Air Forces, 1942–1946.
(1886–1950)[23] Promoted to general, 19 Mar 1943; to general of the Army, 21 Dec 1944; to general of the Air Force, 7 May 1949.
31 brett !George H. Brett 1942-01-07 ! 7 Jan 1942 1946-05-10 !10 May 1946 1584 ! 4
Deputy Commander, American-British-Dutch-Australian Command/Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces in Australia, 1942.
Deputy Commander, American-British-Dutch-Australian Command, 1942.
Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces in Australia, 1942.
Commanding General, Allied Air Forces, South West Pacific Area, 1942.
Commanding General, Panama Canal Department/Caribbean Defense Command, 1942–1945.
(1886–1963)[20][23][29]
32 knudsen !William S. Knudsen 1942-01-28 !28 Jan 1942 1945-06-01 ! 1 Jun 1945 1220 ! 3
Director of Production, Office of the Under Secretary of War, 1942–1945.
(1879–1948) Resigned, 1945.
33 stilwell !Joseph W. Stilwell 1942-02-25 !25 Feb 1942 1944-08-01 ! 1 Aug 1944 0888 ! 2
Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces, China Burma India Theater, 1942–1943.
Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces, China Burma India Theater/Deputy Supreme Allied Commander, South East Asia, 1943–1944.
(1883–1946) Promoted to general, 1 Aug 1944.
34 somervell !Brehon B. Somervell 1942-03-09 ! 9 Mar 1942 1945-03-06 ! 6 Mar 1945 1093 ! 3
Commanding General, Services of Supply, 1942–1943.
Commanding General, Army Service Forces, 1943–1946.
(1892–1955)[30] Promoted to general, 6 Mar 1945.
35 wainwright !Jonathan M. Wainwright IV 1942-03-19 !19 Mar 1942 1945-09-06 ! 6 Sep 1945 1267 ! 3
Commanding General, U.S. Forces in the Philippines, 1942.
(1883–1953) Promoted to general, 6 Sep 1945.
36 mcnarney !Joseph T. McNarney 1942-06-15 !15 Jun 1942 1945-03-07 ! 7 Mar 1945 0996 ! 3
Deputy Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, 1942–1944.
Commanding General, Mediterranean Theater of Operations, U.S. Army/Deputy Supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean, 1944–1945.
(1893–1972)[23] Promoted to general, 7 Mar 1945.
37 eisenhower !Dwight D. Eisenhower 1942-07-07 ! 7 Jul 1942 1943-02-11 !11 Feb 1943 0219 ! 1
Commanding General, European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army, 1942.
Commander in Chief, Allied Force/Commanding General, European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army, 1942–1943.
Commander in Chief, Allied Force/Commanding General, North African Theater of Operations, U.S. Army, 1943.
(1890–1969) Promoted to general, 11 Feb 1943; to general of the Army, 20 Dec 1944.
* harbord !James G. Harbord 1942-07-09-00 ! 9 Jul 1942 (none) 0000 ! 0
(none)
(1866–1947)
* wright !William M. Wright 1942-07-09-01 ! 9 Jul 1942 (none) 0000 ! 0
(none)
(1863–1943)
38 devers !Jacob L. Devers 1942-09-06 ! 6 Sep 1942 1945-03-08 ! 8 Mar 1945 0914 ! 3
Commanding General, European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army, 1943–1944.
Commanding General, North African Theater of Operations, U.S. Army/Deputy Supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean, 1944.
Commanding General, Sixth Army Group, 1944–1945.
(1887–1979) Promoted to general, 8 Mar 1945.
39 eichelberger !Robert L. Eichelberger 1942-10-15-00 !15 Oct 1942 1948-12-31 !31 Dec 1948 2269 ! 6
Commanding General, I Corps, 1942–1944.
Commanding General, Eighth Army, 1944–1948.
(1886–1961) Promoted to general on the retired list, 19 Jul 1954.
40 kenney !George C. Kenney 1942-10-15-01 !15 Oct 1942 1945-03-09 ! 9 Mar 1945 0876 ! 2
Commanding General, Allied Air Forces, South West Pacific Area, 1942.
Commanding General, Allied Air Forces, South West Pacific Area/Fifth Air Force, 1942–1944.
Commanding General, Far East Air Forces, 1944–1945.
(1889–1977)[23] Promoted to general, 9 Mar 1945.
41 clark !Mark W. Clark 1942-11-11 !11 Nov 1942 1945-03-10 !10 Mar 1945 0850 ! 2
Deputy Commander in Chief, Allied Force, 1942–1943.
Commanding General, Fifth Army, 1944.
Commanding General, Fifteenth Army Group, 1944–1945.
(1896–1984) Promoted to general, 10 Mar 1945.
42 harmon !Millard F. Harmon 1943-02-02 ! 2 Feb 1943 1946-02-27 !27 Feb 1946 1121 ! 3
Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces in the South Pacific Area, 1942–1944.
Commanding General, U.S. Army Air Forces in the Pacific Ocean Areas/Deputy Commanding General, Twentieth Air Force, 1944–1946.
(1888–1946) Died in office.
43 hodges !Courtney H. Hodges 1943-02-16 !16 Feb 1943 1945-04-26 !26 Apr 1945 0800 ! 2
Commanding General, Third Army/Southern Defense Command, 1943–1944.
Deputy Commanding General, First Army, 1944.
Commanding General, First Army, 1944–1949.
(1887–1966)[31] Promoted to general, 26 Apr 1945.
44 patton !George S. Patton Jr. 1943-03-12-00 !12 Mar 1943 1945-04-14 !14 Apr 1945 0764 ! 2
Commanding General, II Corps, 1943.
Commanding General, Seventh Army, 1943.
Commanding General, First Army Group, 1944.
Commanding General, Third Army, 1944–1945.
Commanding General, Fifteenth Army, 1945.
(1885–1945) Promoted to general, 14 Apr 1945.
45 spaatz !Carl A. Spaatz 1943-03-12-01 !12 Mar 1943 1945-03-11 !11 Mar 1945 0730 ! 2
Commanding General, Twelfth Air Force, 1942–1943.
Commanding General, Fifteenth Air Force, 1943–1944.
Commanding General, U.S. Strategic Air Forces in Europe, 1944–1945.
(1891–1974)[23] Promoted to general, 11 Mar 1945.
46 buckner !Simon B. Buckner Jr. 1943-05-04 ! 4 May 1943 1945-06-18 !18 Jun 1945 0776 ! 2
Commanding General, Alaska Defense Command, 1940–1944.
Commanding General, Tenth Army, 1944–1945.
(1886–1945) Promoted to general posthumously, 19 Jul 1954. Killed in action.
47 richardson !Robert C. Richardson Jr. 1943-06-01-00 ! 1 Jun 1943 1946-10-31 !31 Oct 1946 1248 ! 3
Commanding General, Hawaiian Department/U.S. Army Forces in the Pacific Ocean Areas, 1943.
Commanding General, Hawaiian Department/U.S. Army Forces, Central Pacific Area, 1943–1944.
Commanding General, Hawaiian Department/U.S. Army Forces, Middle Ocean Areas, 1944–1945.
Commanding General, Hawaiian Department/U.S. Army Forces, Middle Pacific, 1945–1946.
(1882–1954)[11][32] Promoted to general posthumously, 19 Jul 1954.
48 fredendall !Lloyd R. Fredendall 1943-06-01-01 ! 1 Jun 1943 1946-03-31 !31 Mar 1946 1034 ! 3
Commanding General, Second Army/Central Defense Command, 1943–1945.
(1883–1963)[11][33]
49 bradley !Omar N. Bradley 1943-06-02 ! 2 Jun 1943 1945-03-12 !12 Mar 1945 0649 ! 2
Commanding General, II Corps, 1943–1944.
Commanding General, First Army, 1944.
Commanding General, Twelfth Army Group, 1944–1945.
(1893–1981) Promoted to general, 12 Mar 1945; to general of the Army, 22 Sep 1950.
50 yount !Barton K. Yount 1943-09-13-00 !13 Sep 1943 1946-06-30 !30 Jun 1946 1021 ! 3
Commanding General, Army Air Forces Training Command, 1943–1946.
(1884–1949)[11][23]
51 eaker !Ira C. Eaker 1943-09-13-01 !13 Sep 1943 1947-08-30 !30 Aug 1947 1447 ! 4
Commanding General, Eighth Air Force, 1942–1943.
Commander in Chief, Mediterranean Allied Air Forces, 1943–1945.
Deputy Commanding General, Army Air Forces/Chief, Air Staff, 1945–1947.
(1896–1987)[20][23][34] Promoted to general on the retired list, 26 Apr 1985.
52 grunert !George Grunert 1943-10-08 ! 8 Oct 1943 1945-07-31 !31 Jul 1945 0662 ! 2
Commanding General, First Army/Eastern Defense Command, 1943–1944.
Commanding General, Eastern Defense Command/Second Service Command, 1944–1945.
(1881–1971)[11][35]
53 simpson !William H. Simpson 1943-10-13 !13 Oct 1943 1946-11-30 !30 Nov 1946 1144 ! 3
Commanding General, Fourth Army, 1943–1944.
Commanding General, Eighth Army, 1944.
Commanding General, Ninth Army, 1944–1945.
Commanding General, Second Army, 1945–1946.
(1888–1980)[11][36] Promoted to general on the retired list, 19 Jul 1954.
54 bedellsmith !Walter Bedell Smith 1944-01-13 !13 Jan 1944 1951-07-01 ! 1 Jul 1951 2726 ! 7
Chief of Staff, Allied Forces Headquarters, 1942–1944.
Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force, 1944–1945.
Chief of Staff, U.S. Forces, European Theater, 1945.
Commanding General, First Army, 1949–1950.
Director of Central Intelligence, 1950–1953.
(1895–1961) Promoted to general, 1 Jul 1951.
55 sutherland !Richard K. Sutherland 1944-02-20 !20 Feb 1944 1946-11-30 !30 Nov 1946 1014 ! 3
Chief of Staff, South West Pacific Area, 1942–1945.
(1893–1966)[11]
56 lee !John C. H. Lee 1944-02-21-00 !21 Feb 1944 1947-12-31 !31 Dec 1947 1409 ! 4
Commanding General, Services of Supply, European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army/Deputy Commanding General, European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army, 1944.
Commanding General, Communications Zone, European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army/Deputy Commanding General, European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army, 1944.
Commanding General, Communications Zone, European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army, 1944–1945.
Commanding General, Theater Service Forces, European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army, 1945–1946.
Commanding General, Mediterranean Theater of Operations, U.S. Army/Deputy Supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean, 1946–1947.
(1887–1958)[11]
57 wheeler !Raymond A. Wheeler 1944-02-21-01 !21 Feb 1944 1949-02-28 !28 Feb 1949 1834 ! 5
Deputy Supreme Allied Commander, South East Asia, 1944–1945.
Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army, 1945–1949.
(1885–1974)
58 doolittle !James H. Doolittle 1944-03-13 !13 Mar 1944 1946-05-10 !10 May 1946 0788 ! 2
Commanding General, Eighth Air Force, 1944–1945.
(1896–1993)[23][37] Promoted to general on the retired list, 4 Apr 1985.
59 brereton !Lewis H. Brereton 1944-04-28-00 !28 Apr 1944 1948-09-01 ! 1 Sep 1948 1587 ! 4
Commanding General, Ninth Air Force, 1943–1944.
Commanding General, First Allied Airborne Army, 1944–1945.
Commanding General, Third Air Force, 1945–1946.
Commanding General, First Air Force, 1946.
Special duty, Office of the Secretary of War, 1946–1947.
Chairman, Military Liaison Committee, Atomic Energy Commission, 1947–1948.
Secretary General, Air Board, 1948.
(1890–1967)[23]
60 giles !Barney M. Giles 1944-04-28-01 !28 Apr 1944 1946-06-30 !30 Jun 1946 0793 ! 2
Chief, Air Staff, 1943–1944.
Deputy Commanding General, Army Air Forces/Chief, Air Staff, 1944–1945.
Commanding General, U.S. Army Air Forces in the Pacific Ocean Area/Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific, 1945.
Commanding General, U.S. Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific, 1945–1946.
(1892–1984)[11][23]
61 patch !Alexander M. Patch 1944-08-07 ! 7 Aug 1944 1945-11-21 !21 Nov 1945 0471 ! 1
Commanding General, Seventh Army, 1944–1945.
Commanding General, Fourth Army, 1945.
(1889–1945) Promoted to general posthumously, 19 Jul 1954. Died in office.
62 sultan !Daniel I. Sultan 1944-09-02-00 ! 2 Sep 1944 1947-01-14 !14 Jan 1947 0864 ! 2
Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces, China Burma India Theater, 1943–1944.
Commander, U.S. Forces, India-Burma Theater, 1944–1945.
Inspector General, U.S. Army, 1945–1947.
(1885–1947) Died in office.
63 handy !Thomas T. Handy 1944-09-02-01 ! 2 Sep 1944 1945-03-13 !13 Mar 1945 0192 ! 1
Deputy Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, 1944–1947.
(1892–1982) Promoted to general, 13 Mar 1945.
64 truscott !Lucian K. Truscott Jr. 1944-09-02-02 ! 2 Sep 1944 1947-09-30 !30 Sep 1947 1123 ! 3
Commanding General, VI Corps, 1944.
Commanding General, Fifteenth Army, 1944.
Commanding General, Fifth Army, 1944–1945.
Commanding General, Third Army, 1945–1946.
(1895–1965)[11] Promoted to general on the retired list, 19 Jul 1954.
65 styer !Wilhelm D. Styer 1944-11-07 ! 7 Nov 1944 1947-04-29 !29 Apr 1947 0903 ! 2
Deputy Commanding General/Chief of Staff, Army Service Forces, 1942–1945.
Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces, Western Pacific, 1945–1946.
(1893–1975)[16]
66 gerow !Leonard T. Gerow 1945-01-01-00 ! 1 Jan 1945 1950-07-31 !31 Jul 1950 2037 ! 6
Commanding General, V Corps, 1943–1945.
Commanding General, Fifteenth Army, 1945.
Commandant, Command and General Staff School, 1945–1948.
Commanding General, Second Army, 1948–1950.
(1888–1972) Promoted to general on the retired list, 19 Jul 1954.
67 wedemeyer !Albert C. Wedemeyer 1945-01-01-01 ! 1 Jan 1945 1951-07-31 !31 Jul 1951 2402 ! 7
Commander, U.S. Forces, China Theater, 1944–1946.
Commanding General, Second Army, 1946–1947.
Director, Plans and Operations, U.S. Army, 1947–1948.
Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and Combat Operations, U.S. Army, 1948–1949.
Commanding General, Sixth Army, 1949–1951.
(1897–1989) Promoted to general on the retired list, 19 Jul 1954.
68 george !Harold L. George 1945-03-16 !16 Mar 1945 1946-12-30 !30 Dec 1946 0654 ! 2
Commanding General, Air Transport Command, 1942–1946.
(1893–1986)[20][23]
69 cannon !John K. Cannon 1945-03-17-00 !17 Mar 1945 1951-10-29 !29 Oct 1951 2417 ! 7
Commander in Chief, Mediterranean Allied Air Forces/Commanding General, Twelfth Air Force, 1945.
Commanding General, U.S. Strategic Air Forces in Europe, 1945.
Commanding General, U.S. Air Forces in Europe, 1945–1946.
Commanding General, Air Training Command, 1946–1948.
Commanding General, U.S. Air Forces in Europe, 1948–1950.
Commander in Chief, U.S. Air Forces in Europe, 1950–1951.
(1892–1955)[23] Promoted to general, 29 Oct 1951.
70 vandenberg !Hoyt S. Vandenberg 1945-03-17-01 !17 Mar 1945 1947-10-01 ! 1 Oct 1947 0928 ! 3
Commanding General, Ninth Air Force, 1944–1945.
Assistant Chief, Air Staff for Operations, 1945–1946.
Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence, U.S. Army, 1946.
Director, Central Intelligence Group, 1946–1947.
Deputy Commanding General, Army Air Forces/Chief, Air Staff, 1947.
(1899–1954)[23] Promoted to general, 1 Oct 1947.
71 gregory !Edmund B. Gregory 1945-04-14-00 !14 Apr 1945 1946-06-30 !30 Jun 1946 0442 ! 1
Quartermaster General, U.S. Army, 1940–1946.
(1882–1961)[11]
72 griswold !Oscar W. Griswold 1945-04-14-01 !14 Apr 1945 1947-10-31 !31 Oct 1947 0930 ! 3
Commanding General, XIV Corps, 1943–1946.
Commanding General, Seventh Army, 1946–1947.
Commanding General, Third Army, 1947.
(1886–1959)[11]
73 reybold !Eugene Reybold 1945-04-15-00 !15 Apr 1945 1946-01-30 !30 Jan 1946 0290 ! 1
Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army, 1941–1945.
(1884–1961)[16]
74 walker !Walton H. Walker 1945-04-15-01 !15 Apr 1945 1950-12-23 !23 Dec 1950 2078 ! 6
Commanding General, XX Corps, 1944–1945.
Commanding General, Eighth Service Command, 1945–1946.
Commanding General, Sixth Service Command, 1946.
Commanding General, Fifth Army, 1946–1948.
Commanding General, Eighth Army, 1948–1950.
(1889–1950) Promoted to general posthumously, 2 Jan 1951. Died in office.
75 haislip !Wade H. Haislip 1945-04-15-02 !15 Apr 1945 1949-10-01 ! 1 Oct 1949 1630 ! 4
Commanding General, XV Corps, 1943–1945.
Commanding General, Seventh Army, 1945.
President, Secretary of War's Personnel Board, 1945–1946.
Senior Member, Chief of Staff's Advisory Group, 1946–1948.
Deputy Chief of Staff for Administration, U.S. Army, 1948–1949.
(1889–1971) Promoted to general, 1 Oct 1949.
76 campbell !Levin H. Campbell Jr. 1945-04-16-00 !16 Apr 1945 1946-05-30 !30 May 1946 0409 ! 1
Chief of Ordnance, U.S. Army, 1942–1946.
(1886–1976)[16]
77 collins !J. Lawton Collins 1945-04-16-01 !16 Apr 1945 1948-01-24 !24 Jan 1948 1013 ! 3
Commanding General, VII Corps, 1944–1945.
Deputy Commanding General/Chief of Staff, Army Ground Forces, 1945.
Chief of Information, U.S. Army, 1946–1947.
Deputy Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, 1947–1948.
(1896–1987) Promoted to general, 24 Jan 1948.
78 keyes !Geoffrey Keyes 1945-04-17-00 !17 Apr 1945 1954-08-01 ! 1 Aug 1954 3306 ! 9
Commanding General, II Corps, 1943–1945.
Commanding General, Seventh Army, 1945–1946.
Commanding General, Third Army, 1946–1947.
Commanding General, U.S. Forces Austria/U.S. High Commissioner for Austria, 1947–1950.
Director, Weapons Systems Evaluation Group, 1951–1954.
(1888–1967)[38]
79 clay !Lucius D. Clay 1945-04-17-01 !17 Apr 1945 1947-03-28 !28 Mar 1947 0710 ! 2
Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Forces, European Theater/Deputy Military Governor, U.S. Occupation Zone in Germany, 1945–1947.
(1897–1978) Promoted to general, 28 Mar 1947.
80 stratemeyer !George E. Stratemeyer 1945-05-28 !28 May 1945 1952-01-31 !31 Jan 1952 2439 ! 7
Commanding General, Eastern Air Command/U.S. Army Air Forces, India-Burma Theater, 1944–1945.
Commanding General, U.S. Army Air Forces, China Theater, 1945–1946.
Commanding General, Air Defense Command, 1946–1948.
Commanding General, Continental Air Command, 1948–1949.
Commanding General, Far East Air Forces, 1949–1951.
(1890–1969)[23]
81 gillem !Alvan C. Gillem Jr. 1945-06-03-00 ! 3 Jun 1945 1950-08-31 !31 Aug 1950 1915 ! 5
Commanding General, XIII Corps, 1943–1945.
Commanding General, VII Corps, 1945–1946.
Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces in China, 1946–1947.
Commanding General, Third Army, 1947–1950.
(1888–1973)
82 crittenberger !Willis D. Crittenberger 1945-06-03-01 ! 3 Jun 1945 1952-12-31 !31 Dec 1952 2768 ! 8
Commanding General, IV Corps, 1944–1945.
Commanding General, Panama Canal Department/Caribbean Defense Command, 1945–1947.
Commander in Chief, Caribbean Command, 1947–1948.
U.S. Representative, Inter-American Defense Board, 1948–1950.
Commanding General, First Army, 1950–1952.
(1890–1980)
83 hall !Charles P. Hall 1945-06-04-00 ! 4 Jun 1945 1948-12-31 !31 Dec 1948 1306 ! 4
Commanding General, XI Corps, 1942–1946.
Director, Organization and Training, U.S. Army, 1946–1948.
(1886–1953)
84 ridgway !Matthew B. Ridgway 1945-06-04-01 ! 4 Jun 1945 1951-05-11 !11 May 1951 2167 ! 6
Commanding General, XVIII Airborne Corps, 1944–1945.
Commanding General, Mediterranean Theater of Operations, U.S. Army/Deputy Supreme Allied Commander, Mediterranean, 1945–1946.
U.S. Army Representative, Military Staff Committee, United Nations, 1946–1948.
Commander in Chief, Caribbean Command, 1948–1949.
Deputy Chief of Staff for Administration, U.S. Army, 1949–1950.
Commanding General, Eighth Army, 1950–1951.
Supreme Commander, Allied Powers/Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Commander in Chief, Far East Command (SCAP/CINCUNC/CINCFE), 1951.
(1895–1993) Promoted to general, 11 May 1951.
85 lutes !LeRoy Lutes 1945-06-05-00 ! 5 Jun 1945 1952-01-31 !31 Jan 1952 2431 ! 7
Deputy Commanding General/Chief of Staff, Army Service Forces, 1945–1946.
Commanding General, Army Service Forces, 1946.
Director, Service, Supply, and Procurement, U.S. Army, 1946–1948.
Commanding General, Fourth Army, 1949–1952.
(1890–1980)
86 middleton !Troy H. Middleton 1945-06-05-03 ! 5 Jun 1945 1945-08-10 !10 Aug 1945 0066 ! 0
Commanding General, VIII Corps, 1944–1945.
(1889–1976)[39]
87 twining !Nathan F. Twining 1945-06-05-01 ! 5 Jun 1945 1950-10-10 !10 Oct 1950 1953 ! 5
Commanding General, Mediterranean Allied Strategic Air Forces/Fifteenth Air Force, 1943–1945.
Commanding General, Twentieth Air Force, 1945.
Commanding General, Air Materiel Command, 1946–1947.
Commanding General, Alaskan Department, 1947.
Commander in Chief, Alaskan Command, 1947–1950.
Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel, U.S. Air Force, 1950.
(1897–1982)[23] Promoted to general, 10 Oct 1950.
88 whitehead !Ennis C. Whitehead 1945-06-05-02 ! 5 Jun 1945 1951-07-31 !31 Jul 1951 2247 ! 6
Commanding General, Fifth Air Force, 1944–1945.
Commanding General, Pacific Air Command, U.S. Army, 1945–1947.
Commanding General, Far East Air Forces, 1947–1949.
Commanding General, Continental Air Command, 1949–1950.
Commanding General, Continental Air Command/Air Defense Command, 1950.
Commanding General, Air Defense Command, 1950–1951.
(1895–1964)[23]
89 hodge !John R. Hodge 1945-06-06-00 ! 6 Jun 1945 1952-07-05 ! 5 Jul 1952 2586 ! 7
Commanding General, XXIV Corps, 1944–1945.
Commanding General, XXIV Corps/U.S. Army Forces in Korea, 1945–1948.
Commanding General, V Corps, 1948–1950.
Commanding General, Third Army, 1950–1952.
Chief, Army Field Forces, 1952–1953.
(1893–1963) Promoted to general, 5 Jul 1952.
90 hull !John E. Hull 1945-06-06-01 ! 6 Jun 1945 1951-07-30 !30 Jul 1951 2245 ! 6
Assistant Chief of Staff, Operations Division, U.S. Army, 1944–1946.
Director, Plans and Operations, U.S. Army, 1946.
Commander, U.S. Army Forces, Middle Pacific, 1946–1947.
Commanding General, U.S. Army, Pacific, 1947–1949.
Director, Weapons Systems Evaluation Group, 1949–1951.
Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Administration, U.S. Army, 1951.
(1895–1975) Promoted to general, 30 Jul 1951.
91 mclain !Raymond S. McLain 1945-06-06-02 ! 6 Jun 1945 1952-04-30 !30 Apr 1952 2520 ! 7
Commanding General, XIX Corps, 1944–1945.
Chief of Information, U.S. Army, 1948–1949.
Comptroller, U.S. Army, 1949–1952.
(1890–1954)[40]
92 huebner !Clarence R. Huebner 1947-03-17 !17 Mar 1947 1950-11-30 !30 Nov 1950 1354 ! 4
Deputy Commander in Chief, U.S. European Command, 1947–1950.
(1888–1972)
93 eddy !Manton S. Eddy 1948-01-24-00 !24 Jan 1948 1953-03-31 !31 Mar 1953 1893 ! 5
Commandant, Command and General Staff College, 1948–1950.
Commanding General, Seventh Army, 1950–1952.
Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe, 1952–1953.
(1892–1962)
94 chamberlin !Stephen J. Chamberlin 1948-01-24-01 !24 Jan 1948 1951-12-31 !31 Dec 1951 1437 ! 4
Director, Intelligence, U.S. Army, 1946–1948.
Commanding General, Fifth Army, 1948–1951.
(1889–1971)
95 aurand !Henry S. Aurand 1948-01-24-02 !24 Jan 1948 1952-08-31 !31 Aug 1952 1683 ! 5
Director, Service, Supply, and Procurement, U.S. Army, 1948.
Director, Logistics, U.S. Army, 1948–1949.
Commanding General, U.S. Army Pacific, 1949–1952.
(1894–1980)
96 paul !Willard S. Paul 1948-01-24-03 !24 Jan 1948 1948-12-31 !31 Dec 1948 0343 ! 1
Director, Personnel and Administration, U.S. Army, 1946–1948.
(1894–1966)
97 groves !Leslie R. Groves 1948-01-24-04 !24 Jan 1948 1948-02-29 !29 Feb 1948 0036 ! 0
Chief, Armed Forces Special Weapons Project/Member, Military Liaison Committee, Atomic Energy Commission, 1947–1948.
(1896–1970)[41]
98 vanfleet !James A. Van Fleet 1948-02-19 !19 Feb 1948 1951-07-31 !31 Jul 1951 1258 ! 3
Director, Joint U.S. Military Advisory and Planning Group in Greece, 1948–1950.
Commanding General, Second Army, 1950–1951.
Commanding General, Eighth Army, 1951–1953.
(1892–1992) Promoted to general, 31 Jul 1951.
99 brooks !Edward H. Brooks 1949-03-18 !18 Mar 1949 1953-04-30 !30 Apr 1953 1504 ! 4
Director, Personnel and Administration, U.S. Army, 1949–1950.
Assistant Chief of Staff, G-1, Personnel, U.S. Army, 1950–1951.
Commanding General, Second Army, 1951–1953.
(1893–1978)
100 larkin !Thomas B. Larkin 1949-03-21 !21 Mar 1949 1952-12-31 !31 Dec 1952 1381 ! 4
Director, Logistics, U.S. Army, 1949–1950.
Assistant Chief of Staff, G-4, Logistics, U.S. Army, 1950–1952.
(1890–1968)
101 bull !Harold R. Bull 1949-07-25 !25 Jul 1949 1952-07-31 !31 Jul 1952 1102 ! 3
Commandant, National War College, 1949–1952.
(1893–1976)
102 gruenther !Alfred M. Gruenther 1949-09-30 !30 Sep 1949 1951-08-01 ! 1 Aug 1951 0670 ! 2
Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and Combat Operations, U.S. Army, 1949–1950.
Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans, U.S. Army, 1950–1951.
Chief, Advanced Planning Group, 1951.
Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe, 1951–1953.
(1899–1983) Promoted to general, 1 Aug 1951.
103 morris !William H. H. Morris Jr. 1949-10-01 ! 1 Oct 1949 1952-03-31 !31 Mar 1952 0912 ! 2
Commander in Chief, Caribbean Command, 1949–1952.
(1890–1971)
104 irwin !Stafford L. Irwin 1950-10-15 !15 Oct 1950 1952-05-31 !31 May 1952 0594 ! 2
Commanding General, U.S. Forces Austria, 1950–1952.
(1893–1955)
105 milburn !Frank W. Milburn 1951-02-08 ! 8 Feb 1951 1952-04-30 !30 Apr 1952 0447 ! 1
Commanding General, I Corps, 1950–1951.
Inspector of Infantry, Office of the Chief of Army Field Forces, 1951–1952.
(1892–1962)
106 swing !Joseph M. Swing 1951-02-09 ! 9 Feb 1951 1954-02-28 !28 Feb 1954 1115 ! 3
Commandant, Army War College, 1951.
Commanding General, Sixth Army, 1951–1954.
(1894–1984)
107 leonard !John W. Leonard 1951-02-10 !10 Feb 1951 1952-01-31 !31 Jan 1952 0355 ! 1
Commanding General, V Corps, 1950–1951.
Commanding General, XVIII Airborne Corps, 1951–1952.
(1890–1974)
108 coulter !John B. Coulter 1951-02-11 !11 Feb 1951 1952-01-31 !31 Jan 1952 0354 ! 1
Deputy Commanding General, Eighth Army, 1951–1952.
(1891–1983)
109 almond !Edward M. Almond 1951-02-12 !12 Feb 1951 1953-01-31 !31 Jan 1953 0719 ! 2
Commanding General, X Corps/Chief of Staff, Supreme Commander, Allied Powers/United Nations Command/Far East Command, 1950–1951.
Commanding General, X Corps, 1951.
Commandant, Army War College, 1951–1953.
(1892–1979)
110 bolte !Charles L. Bolte 1951-02-13 !13 Feb 1951 1953-07-30 !30 Jul 1953 0898 ! 2
Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans, U.S. Army, 1951–1952.
Commanding General, Seventh Army, 1952–1953.
Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe, 1953.
(1895–1989) Promoted to general, 30 Jul 1953.
111 hoge !William M. Hoge 1951-05-31 !31 May 1951 1953-10-23 !23 Oct 1953 0876 ! 2
Commanding General, IX Corps, 1951–1952.
Commanding General, Fourth Army, 1952–1953.
Commanding General, Seventh Army, 1953.
Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe, 1953–1955.
(1894–1979) Promoted to general, 23 Oct 1953.
112 hickey !Doyle O. Hickey 1951-06-01 ! 1 Jun 1951 1953-07-31 !31 Jul 1953 0791 ! 2
Chief of Staff, Supreme Commander, Allied Powers/United Nations Command/Far East Command, 1951–1952.
Chief of Staff, United Nations Command/Far East Command, 1952–1953.
(1891–1961)
113 taylor !Maxwell D. Taylor 1951-07-29 !29 Jul 1951 1953-06-23 !23 Jun 1953 0695 ! 2
Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Administration, U.S. Army, 1951–1953.
(1901–1987) Promoted to general, 23 Jun 1953.
114 bruce !Andrew D. Bruce 1951-07-30 !30 Jul 1951 1954-08-31 !31 Aug 1954 1128 ! 3
Commandant, Armed Forces Staff College, 1951–1954.
(1894–1969)
115 pick !Lewis A. Pick 1951-07-31 !31 Jul 1951 1952-11-30 !30 Nov 1952 0488 ! 1
Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army, 1949–1953.
(1890–1956)
116 mcauliffe !Anthony C. McAuliffe 1951-08-01 ! 1 Aug 1951 1955-03-01 ! 1 Mar 1955 1308 ! 4
Assistant Chief of Staff, G-1, Personnel, U.S. Army, 1951–1953.
Commanding General, Seventh Army, 1953–1955.
Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe, 1955–1956.
(1898–1975) Promoted to general, 1 Mar 1955.
117 odaniel !John W. O'Daniel 1951-12-20 !20 Dec 1951 1956-02-29 !29 Feb 1956 1391 ! 4
Commanding General, I Corps, 1951–1952.
Commanding General, U.S. Army Pacific, 1952–1954.
Chief, Military Assistance Advisory Group, Indo-China, 1954–1955.
Chief, Military Assistance Advisory Group, Vietnam, 1955.
(1894–1975)[42]
118 mcbride !Horace L. McBride 1952-04-29 !29 Apr 1952 1954-06-30 !30 Jun 1954 0792 ! 2
Commander in Chief, Caribbean Command, 1952–1954.
(1894–1962)
119 wyman !Willard G. Wyman 1952-06-08 ! 8 Jun 1952 1956-03-01 ! 1 Mar 1956 1362 ! 4
Commanding General, IX Corps, 1951–1952.
Commander in Chief, Allied Land Forces South-Eastern Europe (NATO), 1952–1954.
Commanding General, Sixth Army, 1954–1955.
Deputy Commanding General, Continental Army Command, 1955–1956.
(1898–1969) Promoted to general, 1 Mar 1956.
120 palmer !Williston B. Palmer 1952-06-09 ! 9 Jun 1952 1955-05-01 ! 1 May 1955 1056 ! 3
Commanding General, X Corps, 1951–1952.
Assistant Chief of Staff, G-4, Logistics, U.S. Army, 1952–1954.
Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics, U.S. Army, 1954–1955.
(1899–1973) Promoted to general, 1 May 1955.
121 decker !George H. Decker 1952-06-10 !10 Jun 1952 1956-05-31 !31 May 1956 1451 ! 4
Comptroller, U.S. Army, 1952–1955.
Commanding General, VII Corps, 1955–1956.
(1902–1980) Promoted to general, 31 May 1956.
122 lewis !John T. Lewis 1952-07-04 ! 4 Jul 1952 1954-09-30 !30 Sep 1954 0818 ! 2
Commanding General, Army Anti-Aircraft Command, 1952–1954.
(1894–1983)
123 hays !George P. Hays 1952-07-05 ! 5 Jul 1952 1953-04-30 !30 Apr 1953 0299 ! 1
Commanding General, U.S. Forces Austria, 1952–1953.
(1892–1978)
124 noce !Daniel Noce 1952-07-29 !29 Jul 1952 1954-10-31 !31 Oct 1954 0824 ! 2
Inspector General, U.S. Army, 1952–1954.
(1894–1976)
125 bolling !Alexander R. Bolling 1952-07-30 !30 Jul 1952 1955-07-31 !31 Jul 1955 1096 ! 3
Commanding General, Third Army, 1952–1955.
(1895–1964)
126 kean !William B. Kean 1952-07-31 !31 Jul 1952 1954-09-30 !30 Sep 1954 0791 ! 2
Commanding General, Fifth Army, 1952–1954.
(1897–1981)
127 lemnitzer !Lyman L. Lemnitzer 1952-08-01 ! 1 Aug 1952 1955-03-25 !25 Mar 1955 0966 ! 3
Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans, U.S. Army, 1952–1955.
(1899–1988) Promoted to general, 25 Mar 1955.
128 harrison !William K. Harrison Jr. 1952-09-05 ! 5 Sep 1952 1957-02-28 !28 Feb 1957 1637 ! 4
Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Far East, 1952–1953.
Chief of Staff, United Nations Command/Far East Command, 1953–1954.
Commander in Chief, Caribbean Command, 1954–1957.
(1895–1987)
129 kendall !Paul W. Kendall 1952-09-16 !16 Sep 1952 1955-08-31 !31 Aug 1955 1079 ! 3
Commanding General, I Corps, 1952–1953.
Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Far East, 1953–1954.
Commander in Chief, Allied Land Forces South-Eastern Europe (NATO), 1954–1955.
(1898–1983)
130 jenkins !Reuben E. Jenkins 1952-11-06 ! 6 Nov 1952 1954-02-28 !28 Feb 1954 0479 ! 1
Commanding General, IX Corps, 1952–1953.
Commanding General, X Corps, 1953.
(1896–1975)
131 white !Isaac D. White 1952-11-07 ! 7 Nov 1952 1955-06-22 !22 Jun 1955 0957 ! 3
Commanding General, X Corps, 1952–1953.
Commanding General, Fourth Army, 1953–1955.
(1901–1990) Promoted to general, 22 Jun 1955.
132 burress !Withers A. Burress 1953-01-01 ! 1 Jan 1953 1954-11-30 !30 Nov 1954 0698 ! 2
Commanding General, First Army, 1953–1954.
(1894–1977)
133 canine !Ralph J. Canine 1953-03-16 !16 Mar 1953 1957-04-30 !30 Apr 1957 1506 ! 4
Director, National Security Agency, 1952–1956.
(1895–1969)
134 dahlquist !John E. Dahlquist 1953-05-01 ! 1 May 1953 1954-08-18 !18 Aug 1954 0474 ! 1
Commanding General, Fourth Army, 1953.
Assistant Chief, Army Field Forces, 1953.
Chief, Army Field Forces, 1953–1955.
(1896–1975) Promoted to general, 18 Aug 1954.
135 arnold !William H. Arnold 1953-06-22 !22 Jun 1953 1961-01-31 !31 Jan 1961 2780 ! 8
Commanding General, U.S. Forces Austria, 1953–1955.
Commanding General, Fifth Army, 1955–1961.
(1901–1976)
136 clarke !Bruce C. Clarke 1953-06-23 !23 Jun 1953 1958-08-01 ! 1 Aug 1958 1865 ! 5
Commanding General, I Corps, 1953.
Commanding General, X Corps, 1953–1954.
Commanding General, U.S. Army Pacific, 1954–1956.
Commanding General, Seventh Army, 1956–1958.
(1901–1988) Promoted to general, 1 Aug 1958.
137 schuyler !Cortlandt V. R. Schuyler 1953-07-03 ! 3 Jul 1953 1956-05-18 !18 May 1956 1050 ! 3
Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe, 1953–1959.
(1900–1993) Promoted to general, 18 May 1956.
138 parks !Floyd L. Parks 1953-10-13 !13 Oct 1953 1956-02-29 !29 Feb 1956 0869 ! 2
Commanding General, Second Army, 1953–1956.
(1896–1959)
139 weible !Walter L. Weible 1953-10-23 !23 Oct 1953 1957-01-31 !31 Jan 1957 1196 ! 3
Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Administration, U.S. Army, 1953–1955.
Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel, U.S. Army, 1956–1957.
(1896–1980)
140 hickey !Thomas F. Hickey 1954-01-25 !25 Jan 1954 1961-09-00 ! Sep 1961 2561 ! 7
Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Far East, 1954.
Commanding General, IX Corps, 1954–1955.
Commanding General, Third Army, 1955–1958.
Director, Net Evaluation Subcommittee, National Security Council, 1958–1961.
(1898–1983)[43]
141 bryan !Blackshear M. Bryan 1954-01-26 !26 Jan 1954 1960-03-01 ! 1 Mar 1960 2226 ! 6
Commanding General, I Corps, 1954.
Superintendent, U.S. Military Academy, 1954–1956.
Commanding General, U.S. Army Pacific, 1956–1957.
Commanding General, First Army, 1957–1960.
(1900–1977)
142 magruder !Carter B. Magruder 1954-04-06 ! 6 Apr 1954 1959-07-01 ! 1 Jul 1959 1912 ! 5
Chief of Staff, United Nations Command/Far East Command, 1954–1955.
Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics, U.S. Army, 1955–1959.
(1900–1988) Promoted to general, 1 Jul 1959.
143 mathewson !Lemuel Mathewson 1954-04-07 ! 7 Apr 1954 1961-07-01 ! 1 Jul 1961 2139 ! 6
Director, Joint Staff, 1954–1955.
Commanding General, V Corps, 1956–1957.
Commanding General, Sixth Army, 1957–1958.
Chairman, Inter-American Defense Board, 1959–1961.
(1899–1970)[44]
144 hodes !Henry I. Hodes 1954-08-16 !16 Aug 1954 1956-06-01 ! 1 Jun 1956 0655 ! 2
Commanding General, VII Corps, 1954–1955.
Commanding General, Seventh Army, 1955–1956.
(1899–1962) Promoted to general, 1 Jun 1956.
145 collier !John H. Collier 1954-08-17 !17 Aug 1954 1958-10-01 ! 1 Oct 1958 1506 ! 4
Commanding General, I Corps, 1954.
Commanding General, I Corps/Deputy Commanding General, Eighth Army, 1954–1955.
Commanding General, I Corps, 1955.
Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Far East/Eighth Army, 1955.
Commanding General, Fourth Army, 1955–1958.
(1898–1980)
146 hart !Charles E. Hart 1954-08-18 !18 Aug 1954 1960-08-01 ! 1 Aug 1960 2175 ! 6
Commanding General, V Corps, 1954–1956.
Commanding General, Army Air Defense Command, 1957–1960.
(1900–1991)
147 gay !Hobart R. Gay 1954-09-30 !30 Sep 1954 1955-08-31 !31 Aug 1955 0335 ! 1
Commanding General, Fifth Army, 1954–1955.
(1894–1983)
148 mickelsen !Stanley R. Mickelsen 1954-10-01 ! 1 Oct 1954 1957-10-31 !31 Oct 1957 1126 ! 3
Commanding General, Army Air Defense Command, 1952–1957.
(1895–1966)
149 herren !Thomas W. Herren 1954-12-09 ! 9 Dec 1954 1957-07-31 !31 Jul 1957 0965 ! 3
Commanding General, First Army, 1954–1957.
(1895–1985)
150 ferenbaugh !Claude B. Ferenbaugh 1954-12-10 !10 Dec 1954 1955-09-30 !30 Sep 1955 0294 ! 1
Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Far East/Eighth Army, 1954–1955.
(1899–1975)
151 williams !Laurin L. Williams 1955-03-01 ! 1 Mar 1955 1957-06-30 !30 Jun 1957 0852 ! 2
Comptroller, U.S. Army, 1955–1957.
(1895–1975)
152 gavin !James M. Gavin 1955-03-25 !25 Mar 1955 1958-03-31 !31 Mar 1958 1102 ! 3
Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans, U.S. Army, 1955.
Chief of Research and Development, U.S. Army, 1955–1958.
(1907–1990)
153 young !Robert N. Young 1955-06-29 !29 Jun 1955 1957-09-30 !30 Sep 1957 0824 ! 2
Commanding General, Sixth Army, 1955–1957.
(1900–1964)
154 montague !Robert M. Montague 1955-07-13 !13 Jul 1955 1958-02-20 !20 Feb 1958 0953 ! 3
Commanding General, I Corps, 1955–1956.
Commander in Chief, Caribbean Command, 1956–1958.
(1899–1958) Died in office.
155 read !George W. Read Jr. 1954-07-14 !14 Jul 1955 1960-08-01 ! 1 Aug 1960 1845 ! 5
Commanding General, Allied Land Forces South-Eastern Europe (NATO), 1955–1957.
Commanding General, Second Army, 1957–1960.
(1900–1974)
156 sturgis !Samuel D. Sturgis Jr. 1955-07-23 !23 Jul 1955 1956-09-30 !30 Sep 1956 0435 ! 1
Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army, 1953–1956.
(1897–1964)
157 byers !Clovis E. Byers 1955-08-08 ! 8 Aug 1955 1959-06-01 ! 1 Jun 1959 1393 ! 4
Commandant, NATO Defense College, 1955–1957.
Military Adviser to the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs, 1957–1959.
(1899–1973)
158 palmer !Charles D. Palmer 1955-08-19 !19 Aug 1955 1959-10-01 ! 1 Oct 1959 1504 ! 4
Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Far East/Eighth Army, 1955–1957.
Commanding General, U.S. Army Japan/Deputy Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Deputy Commander, U.S. Forces Korea/Deputy Commanding General, Eighth Army, 1957–1958.
Commanding General, Sixth Army, 1958–1959.
(1902–1999) Promoted to general, 1 Oct 1959.
159 williams !Samuel T. Williams 1955-09-15 !15 Sep 1955 1960-09-01 ! 1 Sep 1960 1813 ! 5
Chief, Military Assistance Advisory Group, Vietnam, 1955–1960.
(1897–1984)
160 eddleman !Clyde D. Eddleman 1955-10-10 !10 Oct 1955 1959-04-01 ! 1 Apr 1959 1269 ! 3
Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans, U.S. Army, 1955.
Deputy Chief of Staff for Military Operations, U.S. Army, 1956–1958.
(1902–1992) Promoted to general, 1 Apr 1959.
161 fox !Alonzo P. Fox 1955-11-12 !12 Nov 1955 1959-06-01 !31 May 1959 1296 ! 4
Military Adviser to the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs, 1955–1957.
Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for National Security Council Affairs, 1957–1958.
Special Assistant to the Secretary of Defense, 1958–1959.
(1895–1984)[45]
162 moore !James E. Moore 1956-02-17 !17 Feb 1956 1960-04-21 !21 Apr 1960 1525 ! 4
Commanding General, IX Corps/Ryukyu Command/Deputy Governor, Ryukyu Islands, 1956–1957.
Commanding General, IX Corps/U.S. Army Ryukyu Islands/Deputy Governor, Ryukyu Islands, 1957.
Commanding General, IX Corps/U.S. Army Ryukyu Islands/U.S. High Commissioner, Ryukyu Islands, 1957–1958.
Deputy Chief of Staff for Military Operations, U.S. Army, 1958–1959.
(1902–1986) Promoted to general, 21 Apr 1960.
163 williams !Edward T. Williams 1956-03-01 ! 1 Mar 1956 1961-02-28 !28 Feb 1961 1825 ! 5
Deputy Commanding General, Continental Army Command, 1956–1958.
Commanding General, Fourth Army, 1959–1961.
(1901–1973)
164 hershey !Lewis B. Hershey 1956-06-23 !23 Jun 1956 1969-12-23 !23 Dec 1969 4931 !14
Director, Selective Service System, 1936–1970.
(1893–1977)[46] Promoted to general on the retired list, 23 Dec 1969.
165 cummings !Emerson L. Cummings 1956-07-18 !18 Jul 1956 1962-03-31 !31 Mar 1962 2082 ! 6
Chief of Ordnance, U.S. Army, 1953–1958.
Commanding General, U.S. Army, Japan/Deputy Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Deputy Commander, U.S. Forces Korea/Deputy Commanding General, Eighth Army, 1958.
Deputy Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Deputy Commander, U.S. Forces Korea/Deputy Commanding General, Eighth Army, 1958–1960.
Commanding General, Fifth Army, 1961–1962.
(1902–1986)
166 farrell !Francis W. Farrell 1956-07-19 !19 Jul 1956 1960-07-01 ! 1 Jul 1960 1443 ! 4
Special Assistant to the Joint Chiefs of Staff for National Security Council Affairs, 1955–1957.
Commanding General, V Corps, 1957–1959.
Commanding General, Seventh Army, 1959–1960.
(1900–1981)
167 uncles !John F. Uncles 1956-07-20 !20 Jul 1956 1958-09-01 ! 1 Sep 1958 0773 ! 2
Commanding General, VII Corps, 1956–1958.
(1898–1967)
168 gaither !Ridgely Gaither 1956-07-27 !27 Jul 1956 1962-04-30 !30 Apr 1962 2103 ! 6
Deputy Commanding General for Reserve Forces, Continental Army Command, 1956–1958.
Commander in Chief, Caribbean Command, 1958–1960.
Commanding General, Second Army, 1960–1962.
(1903–1992)
* macnider !Hanford MacNider 1956-08-07 ! 7 Aug 1956 (none) 0000 ! 0
(none)
(1889–1968)
169 trudeau !Arthur G. Trudeau 1956-10-18 !18 Oct 1956 1962-06-30 !30 Jun 1962 2081 ! 6
Commanding General, I Corps, 1956–1958.
Chief of Research and Development, U.S. Army, 1958–1962.
(1902–1991)
170 ogden !David A. D. Ogden 1957-03-24 !24 Mar 1957 1957-10-31 !31 Oct 1957 0221 ! 1
Inspector General, U.S. Army, 1956–1957.
(1897–1969)
171 booth !Donald P. Booth 1957-02-21 !21 Feb 1957 1962-02-28 !28 Feb 1962 1833 ! 5
Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel, U.S. Army, 1956–1958.
Commanding General, IX Corps/U.S. Army Ryukyu Islands/U.S. High Commissioner, Ryukyu Islands, 1958–1961.
Commanding General, Fourth Army, 1961–1962.
(1902–1993)
172 davidson !Garrison H. Davidson 1957-03-25 !25 Mar 1957 1964-04-30 !30 Apr 1964 2593 ! 7
Superintendent, U.S. Military Academy, 1956–1960.
Commanding General, Seventh Army, 1960–1962.
Commanding General, First Army, 1962–1964.
(1904–1992)
173 lawton !William S. Lawton 1957-07-01 ! 1 Jul 1957 1960-06-01 ! 1 Jun 1960 1066 ! 3
Comptroller, U.S. Army, 1957–1960.
(1900–1993)
174 cannon !Robert M. Cannon 1957-06-30 !30 Jun 1957 1961-08-31 !31 Aug 1961 1523 ! 4
Deputy Commander in Chief/Chief of Staff, U.S. Army Pacific, 1957–1959.
Commanding General, Sixth Army, 1959–1961.
(1901–1976)
175 harkins !Paul D. Harkins 1957-07-01 ! 1 Jul 1957 1962-01-02 ! 2 Jan 1962 1646 ! 5
Commander, Allied Land Forces South-Eastern Europe (NATO), 1957–1960.
Deputy Commander in Chief/Chief of Staff, U.S. Army Pacific, 1960–1962.
(1904–1987) Promoted to general, 2 Jan 1962.
176 trapnell !Thomas J. H. Trapnell 1958-02-04 ! 4 Feb 1958 1962-07-31 !31 Jul 1962 1638 ! 4
Commanding General, I Corps, 1958–1959.
Deputy Commander in Chief/Chief of Staff, U.S. Army Pacific, 1959–1960.
Commanding General, XVIII Airborne Corps, 1960–1961.
Commanding General, Third Army, 1961–1962.
(1902–2002)
177 collinsjames !James F. Collins 1958-03-15 !15 Mar 1958 1961-04-01 ! 1 Apr 1961 1113 ! 3
Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel, U.S. Army, 1958–1961.
(1905–1989) Promoted to general, 1 Apr 1961.
178 powell !Herbert B. Powell 1958-04-08 ! 8 Apr 1958 1960-10-01 ! 1 Oct 1960 0907 ! 2
Deputy Commanding General for Reserve Forces, Continental Army Command, 1958–1960.
Commanding General, Third Army, 1960.
(1903–1998) Promoted to general, 1 Oct 1960.
179 ruffner !Clark L. Ruffner 1958-05-01 ! 1 May 1958 1960-03-01 ! 1 Mar 1960 0670 ! 2
Commanding General, Third Army, 1958–1960.
(1903–1982) Promoted to general, 1 Mar 1960.
180 oconnell !James D. O'Connell 1958-07-11 !11 Jul 1958 1959-05-01 ! 1 May 1959 0294 ! 1
Chief Signal Officer, U.S. Army, 1955–1959.
(1899–1984)
181 harrold !Thomas L. Harrold 1958-08-01 ! 1 Aug 1958 1961-06-30 !30 Jun 1961 1064 ! 3
Commandant, National War College, 1958–1961.
(1902–1973)
182 rogers !Gordon B. Rogers 1958-09-01 ! 1 Sep 1958 1961-08-31 !31 Aug 1961 1095 ! 3
Commanding General, VII Corps, 1958–1959.
Deputy Commanding General for Development, Continental Army Command, 1959–1961.
(1901–1967)
183 meloy !Guy S. Meloy Jr. 1958-10-01 ! 1 Oct 1958 1961-07-01 ! 1 Jul 1961 1004 ! 3
Commanding General, Fourth Army, 1958–1959.
Commanding General, VII Corps, 1959–1961.
Deputy Commanding General, Eighth Army, 1961.
(1903–1968) Promoted to general, 1 Jul 1961.
184 adams !Paul D. Adams 1959-04-01 ! 1 Apr 1959 1961-10-03 ! 3 Oct 1961 0916 ! 3
Commanding General, V Corps, 1959–1960.
Commanding General, Third Army, 1960–1961.
(1906–1987) Promoted to general, 3 Oct 1961.
185 colglazier !Robert W. Colglazier Jr. 1959-07-17 !17 Jul 1959 1966-02-01 ! 1 Feb 1966 2391 ! 7
Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics, U.S. Army, 1959–1964.
Commanding General, Fourth Army, 1964–1966.
(1904–1993)[47]
186 itschner !Emerson C. Itschner 1959-09-06 ! 6 Sep 1959 1961-08-31 !31 Aug 1961 0725 ! 2
Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army, 1956–1961.
(1903–1991)
187 hinrichs !John H. Hinrichs 1959-09-07 ! 7 Sep 1959 1962-05-31 !31 May 1962 0997 ! 3
Chief of Ordnance, U.S. Army, 1958–1962.
(1904–1990)
188 sink !Robert F. Sink 1959-09-08 ! 8 Sep 1959 1961-02-01 ! 1 Feb 1961 0512 ! 1
Commanding General, XVIII Airborne Corps, 1957–1960.
Commander in Chief, Caribbean Command, 1960–1961.
(1905–1965)
189 heaton !Leonard D. Heaton 1959-09-09 ! 9 Sep 1959 1969-09-01 ! 1 Sep 1969 3645 !10
Surgeon General, U.S. Army, 1959–1969.
(1902–1983)
190 oakes !John C. Oakes 1959-11-01 ! 1 Nov 1959 1962-12-31 !31 Dec 1962 1156 ! 3
Deputy Chief of Staff for Military Operations, U.S. Army, 1959–1961.
Commanding General, VII Corps, 1961–1962.
Commanding General, Seventh Army, 1962–1963.
(1906–1982)
Timeline[edit]
An officer held the active-duty grade of lieutenant general (Lt.gen.) in the U.S. Army until his death; retirement; resignation; reversion to lower permanent grade upon vacating a position carrying the ex officio rank; promotion to a higher grade such as general (Gen.) or general of the Army (Gen.Army); or transfer to the U.S. Air Force (USAF). A brevet lieutenant general (Bvt.lt.gen.) remained in the grade of major general. Grades in the Continental Army (CA) did not continue with the U.S. Army.
History[edit]
Quasi-War[edit]
George Washington
The rank of lieutenant general in the United States Army was established in 1798 when President John Adams commissioned George Washington in that grade to command the armies of the United States during the Quasi-War with France. The next year, Congress replaced the office of lieutenant general with that of General of the Armies of the United States but Washington died before accepting the new commission, remaining a lieutenant general until posthumously promoted to General of the Armies in 1976.[48]
Mexican War[edit]
Winfield Scott
In 1855 Congress rewarded the Mexican War service of Major General Winfield Scott by authorizing his promotion to brevet lieutenant general, to rank from March 29, 1847, the date of the Mexican surrender at the Siege of Veracruz.[49] As a lieutenant general only by brevet, Scott remained in the permanent grade of major general but was entitled to be paid as a lieutenant general from the date of his brevet commission, resulting in a public tussle with Secretary of War Jefferson Davis over the amount of backpay Scott was owed. Congress resolved all issues in Scott's favor once Davis left office in 1857, and allowed Scott to retire at full pay in 1861.[50]
Civil War[edit]
John M. Schofield
The grade of lieutenant general was revived in February 1864 to allow President Abraham Lincoln to promote Major General Ulysses S. Grant to command the armies of the United States during the American Civil War. After the war, Grant was promoted to general and his vacant lieutenant general grade was filled by Major General William T. Sherman. When Grant became President in 1869, Sherman succeeded him as general and Major General Philip H. Sheridan succeeded Sherman as lieutenant general. Congress suspended further promotions to general and lieutenant general in 1870, but made an exception in 1888 to promote Sheridan on his deathbed by discontinuing the grade of lieutenant general and merging it with the grade of general.[51]
In 1895 Congress briefly revived the grade of lieutenant general to promote Sheridan's successor as commanding general of the Army, Major General John M. Schofield. Schofield had lobbied for the grade to be permanently reestablished in order to cement the primacy of all future commanding generals over the Army's other major generals. However, Congress regarded the lieutenant generalcy as the penultimate military accolade, second only to promotion to full general, and refused to devalue the title's significance by conferring it on any future commanding general less eminent than previous recipients. Instead, Schofield himself was promoted to lieutenant general as a one-time personal honor eight months before he retired.[52] In retirement Schofield argued that the rank of lieutenant general ought to be permanently associated with the office of commanding general, not the individual officers occupying it, and that an officer serving as commanding general should hold the ex officio rank of lieutenant general while so detailed but revert to his permanent grade of major general upon leaving office. Over the next five decades, Schofield's concept of lieutenant general as temporary ex officio rank would slowly prevail over the concept of lieutenant general as permanent personal grade.[53]
Spanish–American War[edit]
Henry C. Corbin
The question of whether the lieutenant generalcy should be a permanent personal grade or a temporary ex officio rank was phrased in terms of the line of the Army, whose officers commanded combat formations, and its staff, whose officers performed specialized support functions. Permanent personal promotions to general officer grades were only available in the line, but staff officers could temporarily acquire general officer rank while detailed to an office bearing that statutory rank, so officers holding the permanent grade of general officer were called general officers of the line and ex officio general officers were called general officers of the staff.[3]
Arthur MacArthur Jr.
In June 1900 Schofield's successor as commanding general, Major General Nelson A. Miles, was made a lieutenant general of the staff by an amendment to the United States Military Academy appropriations bill that granted the rank of lieutenant general to the senior major general of the line commanding the Army.[54] Eight months later, the 1901 Army reorganization bill replaced this ex officio rank with the permanent grade of lieutenant general of the line.[55] When Miles retired in 1903, the senior major general was Adjutant General Henry C. Corbin, but as a staff corps officer Corbin was ineligible to command the Army, so the lieutenant generalcy went instead to the senior major general of the line, Samuel B. M. Young. Young reached the statutory retirement age five months later and was succeeded by Adna R. Chaffee. Seniority and scheduled retirements suggested that Chaffee would be succeeded in 1906 by Arthur MacArthur Jr., but both Corbin and Major General John C. Bates were scheduled to retire for age that year and it was decided that MacArthur's ascension would not be materially delayed by first promoting Bates and Corbin to lieutenant general for the few months of active duty remaining to them.[56]
Corbin's promotion became controversial when he declined to be detailed as chief of staff of the Army. Corbin felt the chief of staff should be a younger officer with the time and energy to enact a long-range program, not a superannuated placeholder on the cusp of retirement, so when Bates retired Corbin became lieutenant general but Brigadier General J. Franklin Bell became chief of staff.[57] However, by divorcing the Army's highest grade from its highest office, Corbin had again reduced the lieutenant generalcy to a personal honor. Many in Congress believed Corbin was not in the same class as Grant, Sherman, Sheridan, and Schofield, and pressed to abolish the lieutenant generalcy immediately, but after a heated debate MacArthur's supporters managed to preserve the grade until after MacArthur's promotion.[58]
MacArthur was promoted to lieutenant general in August 1906. Since he was the last Civil War officer expected to succeed to the grade, Congress stopped further promotions to lieutenant general in March 1907 and stated that the active-duty grade would be abolished when MacArthur retired.[59] Later that month, MacArthur asked to be relieved of his duties, disgruntled at his anomalous position of being the ranking officer of the Army yet consigned to the command of a mere division and subject to orders from an officer he outranked, Chief of Staff Bell, whose four-year term extended beyond MacArthur's statutory retirement date. MacArthur returned home to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he marked time writing up travel reports until he retired in 1909.[60]
World War I[edit]
Hunter Liggett
In October 1917, Congress authorized the President to appoint as generals the chief of staff of the Army and the commander of the United States forces in France, and as lieutenant generals the commanders of the field armies and army corps, so that they would not be outranked by their counterparts in allied European armies. Unlike previous incarnations, these new grades were time-limited, authorized only for the duration of the World War I emergency, after which their bearers would revert to their lower permanent grades. The commander of the American Expeditionary Force, Major General John J. Pershing, was immediately appointed emergency general, as were two successive Army chiefs of staff, but no emergency lieutenant generals were named for over a year because the armies they would command had not yet been organized.[61]
On October 21, 1918, Major Generals Hunter Liggett, commander of the First Army, and Robert L. Bullard, commander of the Second Army, were nominated to be emergency lieutenant generals, less than three weeks before the Armistice.[62] With victory imminent, Secretary of War Newton D. Baker sought legislation to reward the Army's high commanders by making their emergency grades permanent. However, Army Chief of Staff Peyton C. March had alienated many members of Congress by unilaterally reorganizing the Army without their input and his enemies blocked every effort to honor any officer but Pershing with higher rank. In the end, Pershing was promoted to permanent General of the Armies, but March, Liggett, and Bullard reverted to their permanent grades of major general when their emergency grades expired on July 1, 1920.[63]
Edgar Jadwin
After the war, there were a number of unsuccessful attempts to retire as lieutenant generals a list of officers that variously included Major Generals March, Liggett, Bullard, Enoch H. Crowder, Joseph T. Dickman, Leonard Wood, John F. Morrison, James G. Harbord, James W. McAndrew, Henry P. McCain, Charles P. Summerall, Ernest Hinds, Harry F. Hodges, William Campbell Langfitt, and George W. Goethals; Surgeon General Merritte W. Ireland; and Colonel William L. Kenly.[64] Finally, on August 7, 1929, the Army chief of engineers, Major General Edgar Jadwin, was retired as a lieutenant general by a 1915 law that automatically promoted officers one grade upon retirement if they had helped build the Panama Canal.[65] There was some consternation that a peacetime staff corps officer had secured more or less by chance a promotion deliberately withheld from the victorious field commanders of World War I, so the year after Jadwin's promotion all World War I officers were advanced to their highest wartime ranks on the retired list, including Liggett and Bullard.[66]
In 1942, Congress allowed retired Army generals to be advanced one grade on the retired list or posthumously if they had been recommended in writing during World War I for promotion to a higher rank which they had not since received, provided they had also been awarded the Medal of Honor, the Distinguished Service Cross, or the Distinguished Service Medal; retired Major Generals James G. Harbord and William M. Wright were both advanced to lieutenant general under this provision.[67]
Interwar[edit]
Walter C. Short
After Pershing retired in 1924, the rank of the Army chief of staff reverted to major general, the highest permanent grade in the peacetime Army. However, the Navy continued to maintain three ex officio vice admirals and four ex officio admirals, including the chief of naval operations, so in 1929 Congress raised the ex officio rank of the Army chief of staff to full general.[68] In 1939 Congress also assigned the ex officio rank of lieutenant general to the major generals of the Regular Army specifically assigned to command each of the four field armies, allowing President Franklin D. Roosevelt to appoint the first new active-duty lieutenant generals since World War I: First Army commander Hugh A. Drum, Second Army commander Stanley H. Ford, Third Army commander Stanley D. Embick, and Fourth Army commander Albert J. Bowley. Congress extended similar rank in July 1940 to the major generals commanding the Panama Canal and Hawaiian Departments.[69]
As general officers of the staff, these new lieutenant generals bore three-star rank only while actually commanding a field army or department, and reverted to their permanent two-star rank upon being reassigned or retired. However, during World War II most lieutenant generals of the staff received concurrent personal appointments as temporary lieutenant generals in the Army of the United States so that they could be reassigned without loss of rank. Postwar legislation allowed officers to retire in their highest temporary grades, so most lieutenant generals of the staff eventually retired at that rank.[70] Of the lieutenant generals of the staff who were never appointed temporary lieutenant generals, Albert J. Bowley, Stanley H. Ford, Charles D. Herron, Daniel Van Voorhis, Herbert J. Brees, and Walter C. Short retired as major generals upon reaching the statutory retirement age; and Lloyd R. Fredendall qualified to retire in grade due to physical disability incurred during his term as lieutenant general. After the war, Brees and Short both applied to be advanced to lieutenant general on the retired list under a 1948 law; Brees was promoted but the administration specifically declined to advance Short, who had been relieved of command of the Hawaiian Department a few days after the defeat at Pearl Harbor.[71]
World War II[edit]
Delos C. Emmons
In September 1940, Congress authorized the President to appoint Regular Army officers to temporary higher grades in the Army of the United States during time of war or national emergency. The first temporary lieutenant general appointed under this authority was Major General Delos C. Emmons, Commander, General Headquarters Air Force; followed by Major General Lesley J. McNair, Chief of Staff, General Headquarters, U.S. Army. In July 1941, retired four-star general Douglas MacArthur was recalled to active duty and appointed temporary lieutenant general as Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces in the Far East.[72]
Dozens of officers were promoted to temporary lieutenant general during World War II. Lieutenant generals typically commanded one of the numbered field armies or air forces; served as deputy theater commanders; or headed major headquarters staffs, administrative commands, or support organizations. Officers were only allowed to retire in their temporary grades if they were retired due to disability incurred in the line of duty, but those compelled by good health to retire in a lower grade were eventually restored to their highest wartime ranks on the retired list.[73]
Subject to Senate approval, anyone could be appointed temporary lieutenant general, even a civilian. In January 1942, the outgoing Director General of the Office of Production Management, William S. Knudsen, was commissioned temporary lieutenant general in the Army of the United States, the only civilian ever to join the Army at such a high initial rank.[74]
Postwar[edit]
John W. O'Daniel
The modern office of lieutenant general was established by the Officer Personnel Act of 1947, which authorized the President to designate certain positions of importance and responsibility to carry the ex officio rank of general or lieutenant general, to be filled by officers holding the permanent or temporary grade of major general or higher. Officers could retire in their highest active-duty rank, subject to Senate approval. The total number of positions allowed to carry such rank was capped at 15 percent of the total number of general officers, which worked out initially to nine generals and thirty-five lieutenant generals, of whom four generals and seventeen lieutenant generals were required to be in the Air Corps. All Air Corps personnel were transferred in grade to the United States Air Force by the National Security Act of 1947.[75]
Lieutenant generals typically headed divisions of the General Staff in Washington, D.C.; field armies in Europe, Japan, and the continental United States; the Army command in the Pacific; the unified command in the Caribbean; the occupation force in Austria; and senior educational institutions such as the National War College, the Army War College, and the Armed Forces Staff College. During the Korean War, the commanding general of the Eighth Army was elevated to full general, and the Eighth Army deputy commanding general and subordinate corps commanders were elevated to lieutenant general.
By mid-1952, the number of active-duty general officers had swelled to nearly twice its World War II peak. In response, Congress enacted the Officer Grade Limitation Act of 1954, which tied the maximum number of generals to the total number of officers. However, the real limit was the so-called Stennis ceiling imposed by Mississippi Senator John C. Stennis, whose Senate Armed Services Committee refused to confirm general or flag officer nominations beyond what he considered to be a reasonable total, which typically was much lower than the statutory limit. The Stennis ceiling remained in effect from the mid-1950s until the post-Vietnam War drawdown.[76]
Unlike the temporary general and flag officer ranks of World War II, the 1947 ranks were attached to offices, not individuals, and were lost if an officer was reassigned to a lesser job.[77] Army generals almost always preferred to retire rather than revert to a lower permanent grade. A rare exception was Lt. Gen. John W. O'Daniel, who temporarily relinquished his third star upon becoming chief of the Military Assistance Advisory Group in French Indochina so that he would not outrank the theater commander in chief, French lieutenant general Henri Navarre. O'Daniel got his star back five months later when France withdrew from Indochina following Navarre's defeat at Dien Bien Phu.[78]
Legislative history[edit]
The following list of Congressional legislation includes all acts of Congress pertaining to appointments to the grade of lieutenant general in the United States Army before 1960.[79]
Each entry lists an act of Congress, its citation in the United States Statutes at Large, and a summary of the act's relevance.
Legislation
Citation
Summary
Act of May 28, 1798 1 Stat. 558 Authorized one grade of lieutenant general (George Washington).
Act of March 3, 1799 1 Stat. 752 Terminated grade of lieutenant general upon the appointment of a "general of the armies of the United States."
Joint Resolution No. 9 of February 15, 1855 10 Stat. 723 Authorized grade of lieutenant general to be specially conferred once by brevet to acknowledge eminent services of a major general of the Army during the Mexican War (Winfield Scott).
Act of August 3, 1861 12 Stat. 287 Authorized the brevet lieutenant general to retire for disability at full pay.
Act of February 29, 1864 13 Stat. 11 Authorized one grade of lieutenant general (Ulysses S. Grant, William T. Sherman, Philip H. Sheridan).
Act of July 15, 1870 16 Stat. 318 Terminated grade of lieutenant general at next vacancy.
Act of June 1, 1888 25 Stat. 165 Terminated grade of lieutenant general and merged with grade of general (Philip H. Sheridan).
Joint Resolution No. 9 of February 5, 1895 28 Stat. 968 Authorized grade of lieutenant general to be specially conferred once to acknowledge distinguished services of a major general of the Army (John M. Schofield).
Act of June 6, 1900 31 Stat. 655 Assigned ex officio rank of lieutenant general to the senior major general of the line commanding the Army (Nelson A. Miles).
Act of February 2, 1901 31 Stat. 748 Authorized one grade of lieutenant general (Nelson A. Miles, Samuel B. M. Young, Adna R. Chaffee, Henry C. Corbin, John C. Bates, Arthur MacArthur Jr.).
Act of March 2, 1907 34 Stat. 1160 Terminated grade of lieutenant general at next vacancy, except on retired list.
Act of March 4, 1915 38 Stat. 1191 Authorized one-grade promotion upon retirement of any officer detailed for more than three years in Panama with the Isthmian Canal Commission, if not otherwise promoted by this Act (Edgar Jadwin).
Act of October 6, 1917 40 Stat. 410 Authorized emergency grade of lieutenant general for each commander of an army or army corps during the World War I emergency (Hunter Liggett, Robert L. Bullard).
Act of June 4, 1920 41 Stat. 760 Terminated all emergency grades.
Act of June 21, 1930 45 Stat. 793 Authorized promotion on the retired list to highest grade held during World War I (Hunter Liggett, Robert L. Bullard).
Act of August 5, 1939 53 Stat. 1214 Assigned ex officio rank of lieutenant general to major generals commanding the four armies of the United States.
Act of July 31, 1940 54 Stat. 781 Assigned ex officio rank of lieutenant general to major generals commanding the Panama Canal and Hawaiian Departments.
Act of September 22, 1941 55 Stat. 728 Authorized temporary general officer grades in the Army of the United States during the World War II emergency.
Act of July 9, 1942 56 Stat. 655 Authorized one-grade promotion on the retired list or posthumously of general officers who, for services rendered during World War I, were recommended in writing for promotion to increased rank not since received, and who also received the Medal of Honor, Distinguished Service Cross, or Distinguished Service Medal (James G. Harbord, William M. Wright).
Act of June 29, 1943 57 Stat. 149
Authorized officers retired for physical disability incurred while temporarily appointed to a higher grade to retire in that grade (Hugh A. Drum, Jonathan M. Wainwright IV, Robert C. Richardson Jr., Lloyd R. Fredendall, Barton K. Yount, George Grunert, William H. Simpson, Richard K. Sutherland, John C. H. Lee, Barney M. Giles, Lucian K. Truscott Jr., Edmund B. Gregory, Oscar W. Griswold).
Authorized officers retired for reasons other than physical disability who subsequently incurred physical disability while temporarily appointed to a higher grade to be promoted on the retired list to that grade (Stanley D. Embick, Ben Lear, Walter Krueger).
Act of July 26, 1947
[National Security Act of 1947]
61 Stat. 503
Established U.S. Air Force.
Transferred to U.S. Air Force all personnel in Army Air Forces, Air Corps, and General Headquarters Air Force.
Act of August 7, 1947
[Officer Personnel Act of 1947]
61 Stat. 886
Assigned ex officio rank of lieutenant general to general officers serving in positions designated by the President to carry that rank.
Assigned ex officio rank of lieutenant general to senior members of the Military and Naval Staff Committee of the United Nations.
Capped total positions with ex officio ranks above major general at 15 percent of the total number of active-duty general officers.
Capped total officers above grade of major general at 44, of whom not more than nine to be above grade of lieutenant general.
Capped total officers above grade of major general at 17 in the Air Corps and 27 not in the Air Corps.
Exempted from caps general officers serving as Chief of Staff to the President or specifically authorized by act of Congress to hold appointments to diplomatic or civil offices.
Authorized retirement in highest rank held on active duty.
Authorized promotion to general or lieutenant general on the retired list of Regular Army officers who served in those grades between December 7, 1941, and June 30, 1946 (John L. DeWitt, Brehon B. Somervell, Wilhelm D. Styer, Eugene Reybold, Levin H. Campbell Jr., Troy H. Middleton).
Act of June 24, 1948
[Private Law 80-394-A]
62 Stat. 1393 Authorized promotion of Leslie R. Groves to lieutenant general on the retired list, with retired pay of a major general and honorary date of rank as lieutenant general from July 16, 1945.
Act of June 29, 1948
[Army and Air Force Vitalization and Retirement Equalization Act of 1948]
62 Stat. 1085 Authorized promotion on the retired list of Regular Army and Regular Air Force officers to the highest temporary grades in which they served satisfactorily for at least six months between September 6, 1940, and June 30, 1946 (Herbert J. Brees, George H. Brett, Ira C. Eaker, Harold L. George).
Act of October 12, 1949
[Career Compensation Act of 1949]
63 Stat. 806 Established pay grade O-8 for general, lieutenant general, and major general.
Joint Resolution of January 2, 1951
[Private Law 81-1083]
64 Stat. A271 Authorized posthumous promotion of Walton H. Walker to general.
Act of May 5, 1954
[Officer Grade Limitation Act of 1954]
68 Stat. 65
Capped total number of general officers as a function of total commissioned officer strength.
Capped total officers above grade of brigadier general at 50 percent of all general officers.
Act of July 19, 1954 68 Stat. 492 Authorized promotion to general on the retired list or posthumously of any officer who, while a lieutenant general, was:
commanding general of Army Ground Forces between March 8, 1942, and August 16, 1945 (Lesley J. McNair, Ben Lear);
in command of a field army in the European-African-Middle Eastern Theater of Operations between December 11, 1941, and May 8, 1945 (Lucian K. Truscott Jr., Leonard T. Gerow, William H. Simpson, Alexander M. Patch);
in command of a field army in the Asiatic-Pacific Theater of Operations between December 8, 1941, and August 16, 1945 (Robert L. Eichelberger, Simon B. Buckner Jr.);
in command of Army forces including one or more field armies and supporting units in either theater between March 8, 1942, and August 16, 1945 (Robert C. Richardson Jr.);
commanding general of United States forces in China and chief of staff to Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek in the China Theater of Operations between March 8, 1942, and August 16, 1945 (Albert C. Wedemeyer);
or in command of Western Defense Command between December 5, 1939, and June 14, 1943 (John L. DeWitt).
Act of August 7, 1956
[Private Law 84-892]
70 Stat. A201 Authorized promotion of Hanford MacNider to lieutenant general on the retired list.
Act of May 20, 1958 72 Stat. 124 Established pay grade O-9 for lieutenant general.
See also[edit]
United States Army portal
Lieutenant general (United States)
General officers in the United States
List of American Civil War generals
List of United States Army four-star generals
List of lieutenant generals in the United States Air Force before 1960
List of major generals in the United States Regular Army before July 1, 1920
List of brigadier generals in the United States Regular Army before February 2, 1901
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Wiener, "Three Stars and Up," Part One.
Jump up ^ U.S. Army Register, 1960; Wiener, "Three Stars and Up," Parts One and Four.
^ Jump up to: a b c For statutory definitions of "general officer of the line" and "general officer of the staff," see Sec. 4, Act of June 3, 1916.
Jump up ^ The list of lieutenant generals is taken from the 1947 World Almanac, pp. 809–810; the Army Almanac, pp. 330–331; and the Army Register.
^ Jump up to: a b Dates of rank are taken from the Army Register.
^ Jump up to: a b Dates vacated are taken from the Army Register. An officer could vacate the active-duty rank of lieutenant general via death, retirement, resignation, promotion to a higher permanent grade, or reversion to a lower permanent grade upon relinquishing an office bearing the statutory rank of lieutenant general.
^ Jump up to: a b The number of years on active duty as lieutenant general is taken to be the difference between the officer's date of rank and the date on which his active duty commission as lieutenant general was vacated, rounded to the nearest whole year.
^ Jump up to: a b Biographical notes include years of birth and death; dates of promotion to higher permanent grade; and other unusual career events such as death in office or resignation. Dates are taken from Heitman, the Army Register, Eicher and Eicher, or Marquis Who's Who.
Jump up ^ Senior major general of the line commanding the Army with rank of lieutenant general, 6 Jun 1900 – 1 Feb 1901; promoted to lieutenant general, 2 Feb 1901.
^ Jump up to: a b Emergency lieutenant general, 16 Oct 1918 – 30 Jun 1920. Retired as major general; promoted to lieutenant general on the retired list, 21 Jun 1930.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Retired as lieutenant general for disability in line of duty.
Jump up ^ Commanding General, First Army, with rank of lieutenant general, 5 Aug 1939 – 7 Oct 1943.
Jump up ^ Commanding General, Second Army, with rank of lieutenant general, 5 Aug 1939 – 30 Sep 1940. Retired as major general, 31 Jan 1941.
Jump up ^ Commanding General, Third Army, with rank of lieutenant general, 5 Aug 1939 – 30 Sep 1940. Retired as major general, 31 Jan 1941; recalled as major general, 1 Feb 1941; appointed temporary lieutenant general, 7 Jan 1942 – 27 Jun 1946; promoted to lieutenant general on the retired list, 15 Feb 1946.
Jump up ^ Commanding General, Fourth Army, with rank of lieutenant general, 5 Aug 1939 – 30 Nov 1939. Retired as major general, 30 Nov 1939.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Retired as major general; promoted to lieutenant general on the retired list, 4 Jun 1948.
Jump up ^ Commanding General, Fourth Army, with rank of lieutenant general, 5 Dec 1939 – 15 Sep 1943. Retired as major general, 31 Jan 1944; recalled as lieutenant general, 1 Feb 1944 – 10 Jun 1947; promoted to lieutenant general on the retired list, 4 Jun 1948; promoted to general on the retired list, 19 Jul 1954.
Jump up ^ Commanding General, Hawaiian Department, with rank of lieutenant general, 31 Jul 1940 – 7 Feb 1941. Retired as major general, 31 Mar 1941.
Jump up ^ Commanding General, Panama Canal Department, with rank of lieutenant general, 31 Jul 1940 – 18 Sep 1941. Retired as major general, 31 Oct 1942.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Retired as major general; promoted to lieutenant general on the retired list, 29 Jun 1948.
Jump up ^ Commanding General, Third Army, with rank of lieutenant general, 1 Oct 1940 – 15 May 1941. Retired as major general, 30 Jun 1941; promoted to lieutenant general on the retired list, 29 Jun 1948.
Jump up ^ Commanding General, Second Army, with rank of lieutenant general, 1 Oct 1940 – 30 May 1943. Appointed temporary lieutenant general, 1 Oct 1940; retired as major general, 31 May 1943; recalled as lieutenant general, 1 Jun 1943 – 31 Dec 1945; promoted to lieutenant general on the retired list, 29 Jun 1943; promoted to general on the retired list, 19 Jul 1954.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Transferred to United States Air Force, 26 Sep 1947.
Jump up ^ Commanding General, Hawaiian Department, with rank of lieutenant general, 17 Dec 1941–1 Jun 1943.
Jump up ^ Commanding General, Hawaiian Department, with rank of lieutenant general, 8 Feb 1941 – 16 Dec 1941. Retired as major general, 28 Feb 1942; recalled as major general, 3 Oct 1945 – 28 Feb 1946.
Jump up ^ Commanding General, Third Army, with rank of lieutenant general, 16 May 1941 – 15 Feb 1943. Appointed temporary lieutenant general, 16 May 1941; retired as major general, 31 Jan 1945; recalled as temporary lieutenant general, 1 Feb 1945; promoted to temporary general, 5 Mar 1945 – 20 Jul 1946; promoted to general on the retired list, 12 Jul 1946.
Jump up ^ Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, with rank of general, 21 Nov 1930 – 1 Oct 1935; retired as general, 31 Dec 1937; recalled as major general, 26 Jul 1941; promoted to temporary lieutenant general, 27 Jul 1941; promoted to temporary general, 18 Dec 1941, to rank from 16 Sep 1936; promoted to temporary general of the Army, 18 Dec 1944; promoted to general of the Army, 11 Apr 1946; restored to active list, 9 Jul 1948.
Jump up ^ Commanding General, Panama Canal Department, with rank of lieutenant general, 19 Sep 1941 – 9 Nov 1942.
Jump up ^ Chief of Air Corps with rank of major general, 31 May 1941 – 30 Apr 1945; promoted to temporary lieutenant general, 7 Jan 1942; retired as major general, 30 Apr 1945; recalled as lieutenant general, 1 May 1945 – 10 May 1946; promoted to lieutenant general on the retired list, 29 Jun 1948.
Jump up ^ Retired as major general, 30 Apr 1946; promoted to general on the retired list, 4 Jun 1948.
Jump up ^ Commanding General, Third Army, with rank of lieutenant general, 16 Feb 1943–26 Mar 1944.
Jump up ^ Commanding General, Hawaiian Department, with rank of lieutenant general, 1 Jun 1943 – 16 Mar 1946; promoted to general posthumously, 19 Jul 1954.
Jump up ^ Commanding General, Second Army, with rank of lieutenant general, 1 Jun 1943 – 31 Mar 1946. Not appointed temporary lieutenant general.
Jump up ^ Retired as major general, 31 Aug 1947; promoted to lieutenant general on the retired list, 29 Jun 1948; promoted to general on the retired list, 26 Apr 1985.
Jump up ^ Commanding General, First Army, with rank of lieutenant general, 8 Oct 1943 – 28 Jan 1944.
Jump up ^ Commanding General, Fourth Army, with rank of lieutenant general, 13 Oct 1943 – 7 Feb 1945; promoted to general on the retired list, 19 Jul 1954.
Jump up ^ Army Air Corps Reserve. Appointed brigadier general in the Regular Army, 14 Mar 1946; reverted to inactive reserve status as lieutenant general, 10 May 1946; resigned as Regular Army brigadier general, 22 Jul 1946; promoted to general on the retired list, 4 Apr 1985.
Jump up ^ Retired as lieutenant general, 31 Oct 1950; recalled as lieutenant general, 26 Jan 1951 – 1 Aug 1954.
Jump up ^ Retired as colonel, 31 Oct 1937; recalled as colonel, 20 Jan 1942; appointed temporary colonel, 1 Feb 1942; promoted to temporary brigadier general, 25 Jun 1942; promoted to temporary major general, 27 Oct 1942; promoted to temporary lieutenant general, 5 Jun 1945; retired as colonel, 10 Aug 1945; promoted to lieutenant general on the retired list, 16 Aug 1948.
Jump up ^ Oklahoma National Guard. Appointed brigadier general in the Regular Army, 14 Mar 1946; retired as lieutenant general, 30 Apr 1952.
Jump up ^ Retired as brigadier general, 29 Feb 1948; appointed major general, effective 29 Feb 1948, with retired pay as major general and honorary rank from 16 Jul 1945 as lieutenant general on the retired list.
Jump up ^ Reverted to major general, 11 Apr 1954; reappointed lieutenant general, 30 Aug 1954, with date of rank 8 May 1952; retired as lieutenant general, 29 Feb 1956.
Jump up ^ Retired as lieutenant general, 30 Apr 1958; recalled as lieutenant general, Dec 1958 – Sep 1961.
Jump up ^ Retired as lieutenant general, 30 Apr 1958; recalled as lieutenant general, 15 Sep 1959 – 1 Jul 1961.
Jump up ^ Retired as lieutenant general, 31 Jul 1957; recalled as lieutenant general, 1 Aug 1957 – 31 May 1959.
Jump up ^ Retired as major general, 31 Dec 1946; recalled as major general, 1 Jan 1947; promoted to lieutenant general, 23 Jun 1956; promoted to general, 23 Dec 1969; retired as general, 10 Apr 1973.
Jump up ^ Army Reserve. Retired as major general, 1 Feb 1966; promoted to lieutenant general on the retired list, 14 Oct 1966.
Jump up ^ Acts of May 28, 1798, and March 3, 1799. Wiener, "Three Stars and Up," Part One.
Jump up ^ Senate Journal, 33rd Congress, 2nd session, 28 February 1855, 409: Nomination of Winfield Scott
Jump up ^ Acts of March 3, 1857, and August 3, 1861. Fry, pp. 208–209; Wiener, "Three Stars and Up," Part Five.
Jump up ^ Acts of July 28, 1866; July 15, 1870; and June 1, 1888. Bell, p. 24.
Jump up ^ Act of February 5, 1895. Connelly, p. 313.
Jump up ^ "Our Military Needs—Set Forth by General Miles to House Military Committee", The Daily Review, p. 1, December 13, 1898 ; Connelly, p. 331.
Jump up ^ Act of June 6, 1900.
Jump up ^ Act of February 2, 1901.
Jump up ^ "Sumner And Wood To Be Major Generals; Thirty-three Officers to be Promoted and Retired", The New York Times, p. 3, July 18, 1903 ; "Bates To Succeed Chaffee; He Will Be Retired Soon to Make Way for Corbin", The New York Times, p. 3, June 18, 1905 .
Jump up ^ "The Chief Of Staff", The New York Times, p. 6, December 17, 1905 ; "Gen. Corbin", The New York Times, p. 10, April 22, 1906 .
Jump up ^ "Corbin And MacArthur Win - Plan to Abolish Grade of Lieutenant General Is Defeated", The New York Times, p. 3, February 28, 1906 .
Jump up ^ Wiener, "Three Stars and Up," Part Three.
Jump up ^ Act of March 2, 1907. "Gen. MacArthur Plans To Retire; Ranking Officer of the Army Tires of His Anomalous Position", The New York Times, p. 6, March 30, 1907 ; Young, The General's General, pp. 332–334.
Jump up ^ Acts of July 15, 1870, and October 6, 1917. "Pershing To Be Given Rank Solely Of "General"—Measure Providing for Chief of Staff and Other Promotions—Need Prestige—American Officers in Europe Now Too Far Outranked", The Fresno Morning Republican, p. 1, October 3, 1917 .
Jump up ^ "Liggett Promoted, Bullard Also - Commanders of First and Second Field Armies to be Lieutenant Generals", The New York Times, p. 10, October 22, 1918 .
Jump up ^ Act of June 4, 1920. Coffman, pp. 194–195.
Jump up ^ "Chamberlain Wants Wood and Goethals Made Lieutenant Generals With Crowder", The New York Times, p. 21, October 7, 1919 ; "Senate Votes Rank To Crowder Only - Rejects Chamberlain's Amendment to Promote Other Army Leaders Also", The New York Times, p. 5, October 8, 1919 ; "Pershing For His Generals - Asks Higher Rank for Liggett, Bullard, Harbord, McAndrew, Dickman", The New York Times, p. 12, November 6, 1919 ; "Six Lieutenant Generals; House Bill Names Liggett, Bullard, Dickman, Crowder, Wood, Morrison", The New York Times, p. 48, January 10, 1923 .
Jump up ^ Act of March 4, 1915. "Jadwin To Get Pay Of Obsolete Rank - Retired Officer Is on List as Lieutenant General; Grade Abolished", The Washington Post, p. R9, September 22, 1929 .
Jump up ^ Act of June 21, 1930. "Promotion Deserved And Withheld", The New York Times, p. 12, August 10, 1929 ; "Retired Officers Get Army War Rank - Under Law Passed in June 695 Are Advanced Without Increased Pay", The New York Times, p. 37, August 20, 1930 .
Jump up ^ Acts of June 13, 1940, and July 9, 1942. Army Register.
Jump up ^ Act of February 23, 1929. "Proposes Rankings Of General In Army; War Secretary Submits Bill to Raise Chief of Staff and Territorial Heads", The New York Times, p. 12, January 22, 1928 ; Wiener, "Three Stars and Up," Part Four.
Jump up ^ Acts of August 5, 1939, and July 31, 1940. "Army Renews Rank of Lieutenant General; H.A. Drum, S.H. Ford, S.D. Embick and A.J. Bowley Advanced to World War Grade", The New York Times, p. 38, August 8, 1939 .
Jump up ^ Act of August 7, 1947 [Officer Personnel Act of 1947]. Army Register.
Jump up ^ Acts of June 29, 1943, and June 29, 1948 [Army and Air Force Vitalization and Retirement Equalization Act of 1948]. Army Register; Anderson, pp. 193–197; Dorn, p. I-1.
Jump up ^ Act of September 9, 1940. Wiener, "Three Stars and Up," Part Four.
Jump up ^ Acts of June 29, 1943; August 7, 1947 [Officer Personnel Act of 1947]; and June 24, 1948 [Army and Air Force Vitalization and Retirement Equalization Act of 1948].
Jump up ^ "Knudsen the Only Civilian To Enter Army at His Rank", The New York Times, p. 9, January 17, 1942 .
Jump up ^ Acts of July 27, 1947 [National Security Act of 1947], and August 7, 1947 [Officer Personnel Act of 1947].
Jump up ^ Mylander, pp. 26–27.
Jump up ^ Norris, John G. (December 16, 1947), "Truman Picks Five Generals For High Command Promotion", The Washington Post, p. 1
Jump up ^ Eckhardt, p. 11; "'Iron Mike' O'Daniel Gets Back Third Star", Associated Press, September 6, 1954
Jump up ^ Legislative history compiled from: Wiener; Callan; Eicher and Eicher; Military Laws of the United States, 1915; Military Laws of the United States, 1939; the Army Register; and the Army Almanac.
Bibliography[edit]
Biographical registers[edit]
War Department (1907, 1922, 1931, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947), Official Army Register, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office Check date values in: |date= (help)
Department of the Army (1948 A–Q, 1948 R–end), Official Army and Air Force Register, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office Check date values in: |date= (help)
Department of the Army (1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956), Official Army Register, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office Check date values in: |date= (help)
Department of the Army (1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969), U.S. Army Register, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office Check date values in: |date= (help)
Ancell, R. Manning; Miller, Christine M. (1996), The Biographical Dictionary of World War II Generals and Flag Officers: The U.S. Armed Forces, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press
Bell, William Gardner (2005), Commanding Generals and Chiefs Of Staff, 1775–2005: Portraits & Biographical Sketches of the United States Army's Senior Officer, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office
Eicher, John H.; Eicher, David J. (1999), Civil War High Commands, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press
Heitman, Francis B. (1903), Historical Register and Dictionary of the United States Army: From Its Organization, September 29, 1789, To March 2, 1903, I, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office
McHenry, Robert (1978), Webster's American Military Biographies, Springfield, Massachusetts: G. & C. Merriam Co.
Who Was Who in American History — The Military, Chicago, Illinois: Marquis Who's Who, Inc., 1975
Young, Gordon R. (1959), The Army Almanac, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: The Stackpole Company
Other publications[edit]
Anderson, Charles R. (2004), Day of Lightning, Years of Scorn: Walter C. Short and the Attack on Pearl Harbor, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press
Callan, John F. (1863), The Military Laws of the United States, relating to the Army, Volunteers, Militia, And To Bounty Lands And Pensions, From the Foundation of the Government to the Year 1863, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: George W. Childs
Cline, Ray S. (1951), Washington Command Post: The Operations Division, United States Army in World War II, Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History
Coffman, Edward M. (1966), The Hilt of the Sword: The Career of Peyton C. March, Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press
Conn, Stetson; Engelman, Rose C.; Fairchild, Byron (1964), Guarding the United States and its Outposts, Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History
Connelly, Donald B. (2006), John M. Schofield & the Politics of Generalship, Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press
Dorn, Edwin (1995), Memorandum for the Deputy Secretary of Defense: Advancement of Rear Admiral Kimmel and Major General Short on the Retired List, Washington, D.C.: Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness
Eckhardt, George S. (1974), Command and Control: 1950–1969, Vietnam Studies, Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History
Fry, James B. (1877), The History and Legal Effect of Brevets in the Armies of Great Britain and the United States from Their Origin in 1692 to the Present Time, New York City, New York: D. Van Nostrand
Hewes, James E., Jr. (1975), From Root to McNamara: Army Organization and Administration, Special Studies, Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History
Millett, Allan R. (1975), The General: Robert L. Bullard and Officership in the United States Army, 1881–1925, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press
Mylander, Maureen (1974), The Generals: Making It, Military Style, New York City, New York: The Dial Press
Office of the Judge Advocate General of the Army (1917), Military Laws of the United States, 1915, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office
Office of the Judge Advocate General of the Army (1940), Military Laws of the United States, 1939, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office
Wiener, Frederick B. (June 1945), "Three Stars and Up: Part One", Infantry Journal, LVI: 51–54
Wiener, Frederick B. (July 1945), "Three Stars and Up: Part Two", Infantry Journal, LVII: 33–37
Wiener, Frederick B. (September 1945), "Three Stars and Up: Part Three", Infantry Journal, LVII: 37–40
Wiener, Frederick B. (October 1945), "Three Stars and Up: Part Four", Infantry Journal, LVII: 41–45
Wiener, Frederick B. (November 1945), "Three Stars and Up: Part Five", Infantry Journal, LVII: 51–55
Young, Kenneth Ray (1994), The General's General: The Life and Times of Arthur MacArthur, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press
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http://legislink.org/us/stat-68-65

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Lucian K. Truscott Jr.

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Albert C. Wedemeyer

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value: United States Army Center of Military History

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