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Half-Life 2: Episode Two
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Half-Life 2: Episode Two
Promotional artwork featuring (from left): Gordon Freeman, the Combine Hunters, and Alyx Vance
Developer(s)
Valve Corporation
Publisher(s)
Valve Corporation
Composer(s)
Kelly Bailey
Series
Half-Life
Engine
Source
Platform(s)
Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, OS X, Linux
Release
October 10, 2007[show]
Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360
NA: October 10, 2007
EU: October 18, 2007
AU: October 25, 2007
PlayStation 3
AU: December 20, 2007
EU: December 14, 2007
NA: December 14, 2007
OS X
WW: May 26, 2010
Linux
WW: May 10, 2013
Genre(s)
First-person shooter
Mode(s)
Single-player
Half-Life 2: Episode Two is a first-person shooter video game, the second in a series of episodic sequels to the 2004 Half-Life 2. It was developed by Valve Corporation in tandem with Episode One, the first game in the series, and released in 2007 via Valve's Steam content distribution platform.[1] The episode was released both separately and as a part of a bundled package, The Orange Box.[2]
Episode Two gameplay consists of expansive environments, travel and reduced linear play, continuing Valve's policy of orienting each episode around a particular theme or set of technologies. Following the closing events of Episode One, it sees Gordon Freeman and the series' other major characters moving away from City 17 to the surrounding countryside.[1]
The retail version was released on October 10, 2007, in North America and Russia for Windows and Microsoft's Xbox 360 after repeated delays. The version for the PlayStation 3 was to be released "around two or three weeks later", as it was produced separately at the Electronic Arts UK studio, according to Valve marketing director Doug Lombardi.[3] This version was further delayed. For the rest of the world, the release date was October 18.[4] The Steam version was released worldwide on October 10, 2007.
Contents
[hide]
1 Gameplay
1.1 Enemies
1.2 Weapons
1.3 Vehicles
2 Plot
3 Development
3.1 Audio
4 Reception
5 References
6 External links
Gameplay[edit]
As with its predecessors, the game is played in the first person as series protagonist Gordon Freeman against transhuman troops, known as the Combine, and other hostile alien creatures. Levels are linear but add a more open environment, consisting of puzzles and first-person shooter game-play. Sequences involving vehicles are interspersed throughout the game, breaking up moments of combat.
One of the focal points of Episode Two was meant to be increased use of vehicles in open areas. However, the game retains its original linear style until the final battle.[5] Episode Two has more puzzles than Episode One, including the biggest physical puzzle yet in the series—a damaged unstable bridge.[5] The game features numerous "achievements" (similar to PlayStation 3's Trophies and Xbox Live's Achievements) for carrying out certain tasks. Some are essential to game progress, such as helping fight off an antlion invasion, or defeating the first Hunters. Others are optional tricks or feats the player can perform, such as killing a Combine soldier with their own grenade or running down a certain number of enemies with the car.[5]
Enemies[edit]
Episode Two featured a new Hunter enemy, which had just been seen briefly in a recorded message in Episode One. The Hunter serves as one of the most dangerous enemies within the game and as means of emotional development for Alyx Vance. The Hunter is a powerful and resilient enemy which players must often run from while seeking a means to fight back; Episode Two's environments are designed with this in mind.[6]
An interview in the August 2006 issue of PC Gamer magazine revealed that the Hunter stands 8 feet (2.4 m) tall. Erik Johnson, the game's project lead, states that the Hunters are "big and impressive, but they can go anywhere the player can go", as the player can encounter them both indoors and outdoors.[7] Ted Backman, senior artist for Valve, talks about how the Hunter can express emotions, being a somewhat non-human character. "We want the Hunter to be able to express nervousness or aggression, [to show you] whether it's aggressive, hurt, or mad." Hunters are very aggressive and they tend to operate in packs, but can also be found supporting other Combine troops. Late in the game, they can be found escorting Striders, using their flechette guns to protect the Striders that the player is trying to attack.[7]
Hunters primarily attack the player by bracing themselves and firing bursts from their flechette cannon. Four flechettes can vaporize an ordinary human soldier. If they do not strike a living target, the flechette charge up for several seconds and then explode, dealing minor damage to everything nearby. Hunters may also conduct a charging attack or strike with their legs if the player gets too close. Hunters are vulnerable to all weapons, but to compensate, are still quite resilient, making explosives and the pulse rifle's charged energy ball the most attractive options. Objects thrown with the gravity gun are also effective, especially if the player catches some of their flechettes with the object before hurling it (one of the in-game Achievements). In outdoor environments, they can be run over with a vehicle.[8]
Two new forms of antlion appear in the game. The first is the glow-in-the-dark antlion grub, a harmless, worm-like creature which functions as a minor health pickup and a light source. Killing all 333 of these earns an Achievement. The second is the worker antlion (or 'acidlion') whose body produces a powerful and poisonous acid. In addition to a ranged acid spit attack, they also explode when killed, launching acid around them in a short radius, making them dangerous close-combat opponents. Although they are thematically similar to the bullsquids of the original Half-Life, they are functionally closer to the poison headcrab—as an enemy that the player will instinctively prioritize as a target. A new antlion guardian, which has glow-in-the-dark features, was also added. This "Guardian" hunts and attacks Gordon Freeman as the player endeavors to take the larval extract the Guardian protects. The vortigaunt that accompanies the player forbids him from harming the guardian, fearing the extract will be ruined if he does. The player must therefore accomplish his goal while being harried by a creature he cannot eliminate, though the player is eventually given the chance to kill it.[9]
Weapons[edit]
An in-game white-board depicting how the Magnusson Device functions
Episode Two features no additions to Gordon Freeman's weapons inventory. Instead, Valve chose to further explore uses for the gravity gun, with which the player can pick up and throw large objects. They introduced more varied Gravity Gun "ammunition", such as logs, flares, and half-height butane tanks, which are easier to aim than full-size fuel drums.[10]
Near the end of the game, the player uses "Magnusson Devices", which designer Dario Casali described as a "sticky bomb that you fire at a Strider's underbelly that will draw power from the Strider's internal power source". The player uses the gravity gun to attach the bombs to tripodal enemy Striders; the bombs detonate when fired upon with any other of the player's weapons, instantly destroying the target. The Hunter escorts prioritize them as targets, either destroying them in the player's grasp or shooting already-attached ones off.[10]
Vehicles[edit]
Large sections of the game feature a car which resembles a gutted-and-rebuilt 1969 Dodge Charger. It appears to have been tuned for performance. A radar system is installed later in the game, allowing the player to locate Rebel supply caches. In the final battle, a rear-mounted storage rack for Magnusson Devices is added and the radar is adjusted to track enemies and Magnusson Device dispensers. A homing unit is also installed so the player can quickly locate the car in the chaos of the final battle via a readout in the Hazardous Environment suit.[11]
Plot[edit]
The Combine, a multidimensional empire which has enslaved Earth, has used the destruction of their Citadel to open a massive portal. This will allow them to summon reinforcements and destroy the Lambda Resistance. In the mountains outside City 17, Resistance fighters Gordon Freeman and Alyx Vance climb from the wreckage of the train they used to escape the city. At an old transmission station, they establish communication with resistance scientists Dr. Kleiner and Eli Vance at the White Forest base. They learn that the Resistance may be able to close the portal using a copy of a Combine transmission Alyx is carrying. At an abandoned mine, Alyx is critically wounded by a Combine Hunter. A vortigaunt leads them to an underground Resistance shelter. Gordon recovers larval extract from a nearby antlion colony, necessary for the vortigaunts to heal Alyx.[12] While the vortigaunts heal her, the mysterious G-Man contacts Gordon and hints at Alyx's importance to his own plans, revealing that he saved her life at the Black Mesa Research Facility despite objections from an unspecified third party. He instructs the unconscious Alyx to tell her father to "prepare for unforeseen consequences".
After Alyx has recovered, she and Gordon proceed in an old Resistance vehicle, battling Combine troops and surviving an encounter with a Combine Advisor, a high-ranking Combine alien. At White Forest, they are reunited with Resistance Kleiner and Eli, along with Alyx's pet robot D0g. Gordon is also introduced to the egotistical Dr. Arne Magnusson. The scientists are preparing a rocket which they plan to use with the Combine portal code and the satellite array launched by Gordon at Black Mesa to close the Combine portal.[12]
After Gordon fends off a Combine attack on the base, Alyx gives Dr. Kleiner the message from Judith Mossman recovered at the Citadel. It contains footage and the coordinates of the Borealis, an Aperture Science research vessel which, Kleiner explains, vanished along with part of the surrounding drydock. Kleiner insists that it should be used to aid the Resistance effort, while Eli counters that it is impossible to control and must be destroyed. They agree that Alyx and Gordon will travel to the Borealis and attempt to find Mossman. Alyx unconsciously delivers the G-Man's message to her father, shaking him. Alone with Gordon, Eli reveals that it was the G-Man who provided the test sample that caused the Black Mesa incident, and that he whispered the same warning to him as Gordon entered the test chamber. He promises to explain more after the portal is closed.[12]
While the scientists prepare the rocket, White Forest comes under attack by Combine Striders escorted by Hunters. Gordon destroys them using experimental explosive charges created by Magnusson. The scientists launch the rocket and close the portal, trapping Combine forces on Earth. Alyx and Gordon prepare to leave for the Borealis and Eli warns Gordon about the ship's "cargo". The three head to a hangar, intending to board a helicopter, but a pair of advisors burst into the hangar and restrain them. As Eli tries to free them from the advisors' clutches, he is killed by one of the advisors, but as the second advisor prepares to kill Alyx, D0g bursts in through the roof and chases both advisors away. Alyx, sobbing, clutches her father's body.[12]
Development[edit]
Episode Two was developed simultaneously with Episode One by a development team led by David Speyrer. This schedule of simultaneous development aided them in streamlining the story between the two games to create an immersive story. The technology used was the same for both games, allowing the development teams to quickly fix any technical problems that might arise from either game; this happened often because of the multi-platform release.[1]
An announcement was made on July 13, 2006 stating that Episode Two would be released on Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 in addition to the PC, where previous iterations of the series separated.[13] It was originally rumored that Episode Two would be delayed until 2008. On June 14, 2007, however, Valve confirmed the release date for Episode Two to be October 9, 2007 for all announced platforms. Valve handled the development of the game for the PC and Xbox 360, while Electronic Arts British office in Chertsey worked on the PlayStation 3 version of the game.[14] It was announced on September 7, 2007 that the PlayStation 3 version of the game would be delayed because the development studio behind the game was in the United Kingdom, away from Valve's development team, and therefore lagged behind in its schedule. Valve's marketing director, Doug Lombardi, gave assurance that the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and PC versions of the game would be identical in functionality and performance.[3]
Audio[edit]
Episode Two's soundtrack was composed by Kelly Bailey, who also composed the music for the Half-Life series' other installments. The music is used sparingly throughout, played primarily during scenes of major plot development or particularly important action sequences, such as an early fight with a massive wave of Antlions or speeding down train tracks while being fired on by a helicopter. The soundtrack is included in the Russian edition of The Orange Box and is also sold separately.[15] An audio commentary is also featured, as in Episode One and Lost Coast.[16]
A notable change to the vocal cast is the inclusion of actor Tony Todd as the voice of the Vortigaunts.[17] He replaces Louis Gossett, Jr. in the role.[18] Actor Adam Baldwin voices several of the civilian and rebel NPCs, most notably the character who informs the player of the Striders' locations in the penultimate chapter.[17]
Reception[edit]
Reception
Aggregate scores
Aggregator
Score
GameRankings 90.68%[19]
Metacritic 90/100[20]
Review scores
Publication
Score
1UP.com A+[21]
CVG 9/10[25]
Eurogamer 9/10[24]
GameSpy [27]
IGN 9.4/10[22]
PC Gamer (UK) 93%[23]
New York Times 86%[26]
Half-Life 2: Episode 2 received critical acclaim. The game had an average score of 90.68% based on 22 reviews on the review aggregator GameRankings.[19] On Metacritic, the game had an average score of 90 out of 100, based on 21 reviews.[20]
Dan Adams of IGN rated the game 9.4 out of 10 and praised its improved visuals and expansive environments, but cited the short six-hour length as a drawback.[22] He said: "Any way you look at it, Episode Two stands out, even among the Half-Life series, as something special ... a burly experience packed into roughly six hours or so that offers up all the diversity, level design, and thoughtful gameplay we've known while making sure to propel the story forward and leave us wanting more."[22] Bit-tech.net awarded the game a 10 out of 10 score, citing approval of how the story turns and the introduction of side stories and new characters.[10] 1UP.com praised the game, noting that the game's "entire five-hour experience" was "vivid, emotionally engaging, and virtually unsurpassed."[21] PC Gamer UK also applauded Episode Two, noting it "is the most sumptuous chapter of the Half-Life saga, and by a country mile."[23] The New York Times enjoyed the gameplay, saying, "The battles in Episode 2 of Half-Life 2 often require as much ingenuity as they do fast reflexes."[26]
Computer and Video Games commented on the game's graphics, saying that although the game's engine was "starting to look its age," its "wonderful art design and the odd bit of technical spit-shine ensure that Episode Two [...] doesn't lose any of its wow factor." They also noticed that the game "goes about fixing a lot of the niggling complaints we had about Episode One," especially applauding the open forests and rocky hills from Episode Two.[25]
Several reviewers noted shortcomings. The New York Times commented on the story for Episode Two, noting, "While it sows a few seeds for the final episode of the trilogy, the game lacks the driving force of the previous episode."[26] GameSpy criticized the game, saying it is "a little more inconsistent than its predecessors," and that the opening segments of the game were "arguably the weakest" parts.[27]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Bramwell, Tom (2006-06-06). "Opening the Valve". Eurogamer. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
Jump up ^ "Half-Life 2: Episode Two". Steam. Valve Corporation. Retrieved 2011-08-02.
^ Jump up to: a b Bramwell, Tom (2007-09-07). "Valve explains PS3 Orange Box delay". Eurogamer. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
Jump up ^ "Half-Life 2: The Orange Box". Play.com. Archived from the original on 2008-03-25. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Half-Life 2: Episode One Interview 1". GameSpot. 2006-05-30. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
Jump up ^ Simmons, Alex (2006-08-24). "GC 2006: New Half-Life 2 Trailer Dissected". IGN. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
^ Jump up to: a b "Half-Life 2: Episode Two". PC Gamer. August 2006.
Jump up ^ Goldstein, Hilary (2007-10-09). "The Orange Box Review". IGN. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
Jump up ^ Caron, Frank (2007-11-16). "Half-Life 2 game statistics live". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
^ Jump up to: a b c Martin, Joe (2007-10-11). "Half-Life 2: Episode Two". bit-tech.net. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
Jump up ^ "Steam Update". Steam. 2007-02-16. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Half-Life 2: Episode Two Guide". IGN. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
Jump up ^ Ocampo, Jason (July 13, 2006). "Half-Life 2: Episode Two - The Return of Team Fortress 2 and Other Surprises". GameSpot. Archived from the original on July 19, 2006. Retrieved March 31, 2016.
Jump up ^ Remo, Chris (2007-06-15). "Valve confirms Episode Two, Team Fortress 2 launch date". Shacknews. Retrieved 2007-06-15.
Jump up ^ "The Orange Box Original Soundtrack". Steam. Archived from the original on March 13, 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
Jump up ^ Cashon, Jonathan (2007-11-05). "'Half Life 2: Episode Two' entertains as strong sequel". University of South Alabama. Archived from the original on 2008-12-27. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
^ Jump up to: a b "Half-Life 2: Episode Two". GameFAQs. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
Jump up ^ "Half-Life 2: The Orange Box". Yahoo! Games. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
^ Jump up to: a b "Half-Life 2: Episode Two — PC". GameRankings. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
^ Jump up to: a b "Half-Life 2: Episode Two". Metacritic. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
^ Jump up to: a b Elliott, Shawn (2007-10-10). "Half-Life 2: Episode 2 (PC)". 1UP.com. Archived from the original on 2007-10-28. Retrieved 2008-08-03.
^ Jump up to: a b c Adams, Dan (2007-10-09). "IGN: Half-Life 2: Episode Two Review". IGN. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
^ Jump up to: a b "Half-Life 2: Episode Two". PC Gamer UK. 2007-10-10. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
Jump up ^ Reed, Kristan (2007-10-10). "Half-Life 2: Episode Two". Eurogamer. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
^ Jump up to: a b "Review: Half-Life 2: Episode Two". Computer and Video Games. 2007-10-10. Archived from the original on 2012-06-04. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
^ Jump up to: a b c Herold, Charles (2007-10-25). "In 1 Box, 3 New Games Filled With Puzzles and Fights". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-05-12.
^ Jump up to: a b Accardo, Sal (2007-10-10). "Half-Life 2: Episode Two (PC)". GameSpy. Retrieved 2008-05-12.
External links[edit]
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Office Open XML
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Not to be confused with OpenDocument, Open Office XML, or Microsoft Office XML formats.
Office Open XML
Office Open XML file formats
Open Packaging Conventions
Open Specification Promise
Office Open XML software
Comparison of Office Open XML software
v
t
e
Office Open XML Document
Filename extension
.docx, .docm
Internet media type
application/vnd.
openxmlformats-officedocument.
wordprocessingml.
document[1]
Developed by
Microsoft, Ecma, ISO/IEC
Initial release
7 December 2006; 11 years ago (2006-12-07)
Latest release
3rd edition
(15 August 2012; 5 years ago (2012-08-15))
Type of format
Document file format
Extended from
XML, DOC, WordProcessingML
Standard
ECMA-376, ISO/IEC 29500
Website
ECMA-376, ISO/IEC 29500-1:2012
Office Open XML Presentation
Filename extension
.pptx, .pptm
Internet media type
application/vnd.
openxmlformats-officedocument.
presentationml.
presentation[1]
Developed by
Microsoft, Ecma, ISO/IEC
Initial release
7 December 2006; 11 years ago (2006-12-07)
Latest release
3rd edition
(29 June 2011; 6 years ago (2011-06-29))
Type of format
Presentation
Extended from
XML, PPT
Standard
ECMA-376, ISO/IEC 29500
Website
ECMA-376, ISO/IEC 29500:2008
Office Open XML Workbook
Filename extension
.xlsx, .xlsm
Internet media type
application/vnd.
openxmlformats-officedocument.
spreadsheetml.
sheet[1]
Developed by
Microsoft, Ecma, ISO/IEC
Initial release
7 December 2006; 11 years ago (2006-12-07)
Latest release
3rd edition
(29 June 2011; 6 years ago (2011-06-29))
Type of format
Spreadsheet
Extended from
XML, XLS, SpreadsheetML
Standard
ECMA-376, ISO/IEC 29500
Website
ECMA-376, ISO/IEC 29500:2008
Office Open XML (also informally known as OOXML or Microsoft Open XML (MOX)[2]) is a zipped, XML-based file format developed by Microsoft[3] for representing spreadsheets, charts, presentations and word processing documents. The format was initially standardized by Ecma (as ECMA-376), and by the ISO and IEC (as ISO/IEC 29500) in later versions.
Starting with Microsoft Office 2007, the Office Open XML file formats have become the default[4] target file format of Microsoft Office.[5][6] Microsoft Office 2010 provides read support for ECMA-376, read/write support for ISO/IEC 29500 Transitional, and read support for ISO/IEC 29500 Strict.[7] Microsoft Office 2013 and Microsoft Office 2016 additionally support both reading and writing of ISO/IEC 29500 Strict.[8]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Standardization process
3 Licensing
4 Versions
4.1 ECMA-376 1st edition (2006)
4.2 ISO/IEC 29500:2008
4.3 Compatibility between versions
5 Application support
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
Background[edit]
In 2000, Microsoft released an initial version of an XML-based format for Microsoft Excel, which was incorporated in Office XP. In 2002, a new file format for Microsoft Word followed.[9] The Excel and Word formats—known as the Microsoft Office XML formats—were later incorporated into the 2003 release of Microsoft Office.
Microsoft announced in November 2005 that it would co-sponsor standardization of the new version of their XML-based formats through Ecma International as "Office Open XML".[10][11] The presentation was made to Ecma by Microsoft's Jean Paoli and Isabelle Valet-Harper.[12][13]
Standardization process[edit]
Main article: Standardization of Office Open XML
Microsoft submitted initial material to Ecma International Technical Committee TC45, where it was standardized to become ECMA-376, approved in December 2006.[14]
This standard was then fast-tracked in the Joint Technical Committee 1 of ISO and IEC. After initially failing to pass, an amended version of the format received the necessary votes for approval as an ISO/IEC Standard as the result of a JTC 1 fast-tracking standardization process that concluded in April 2008.[15] The resulting four-part International Standard (designated ISO/IEC 29500:2008) was published in November 2008[16] and can be downloaded from the ITTF.[17] A technically equivalent set of texts is published by Ecma as ECMA-376 Office Open XML File Formats — 2nd edition (December 2008); they can be downloaded from their web site.[18]
The ISO standardization of Office Open XML was controversial and embittered,[19] with much discussion both about the specification and about the standardization process.[20] According to InfoWorld:
OOXML was opposed by many on grounds it was unneeded, as software makers could use OpenDocument Format (ODF), a less complicated office software format that was already an international standard.[19]
—  InfoWorld
The same InfoWorld article reported that IBM (which supports the ODF format) threatened to leave standards bodies that it said allow dominant corporations like Microsoft to wield undue influence. The article further says that Microsoft was accused of co-opting the standardization process by leaning on countries to ensure that it got enough votes at the ISO for Office Open XML to pass, although it does not specify exactly who accused Microsoft.[19]
Richard Stallman of the Free Software Foundation has stated that "Microsoft offers a gratis patent license for OOXML on terms which do not allow free implementations."[21]
Licensing[edit]
Under the Ecma International code of conduct in patent matters,[22] participating and approving member organisations of ECMA are required to make available their patent rights on a reasonable and non-discriminatory (RAND) basis.
Holders of patents which concern ISO/IEC International Standards may agree to a standardized license governing the terms under which such patents may be licensed, in accord with the ISO/IEC/ITU common patent policy.[23]
Microsoft, the main contributor to the standard, provided a covenant not to sue[24] for its patent licensing. The covenant received a mixed reception, with some like the Groklaw blog criticizing it,[25] and others such as Lawrence Rosen, (an attorney and lecturer at Stanford Law School), endorsing it.[26]
Microsoft has added the format to their Open Specification Promise[27] in which
Microsoft irrevocably promises not to assert any Microsoft Necessary Claims against you for making, using, selling, offering for sale, importing or distributing any implementation to the extent it conforms to a Covered Specification […]
This is limited to applications which do not deviate from the ISO/IEC 29500:2008 or Ecma-376 standard and to parties that do not "file, maintain or voluntarily participate in a patent infringement lawsuit against a Microsoft implementation of such Covered Specification".[28][29] The Open Specification Promise was included in documents submitted to ISO/IEC in support of the ECMA-376 fast-track submission.[30] Ecma International asserted that, "The OSP enables both open source and commercial software to implement [the specification]".[31]
Versions[edit]
The Office Open XML specification exists in a number of versions.
ECMA-376 1st edition (2006)[edit]
The ECMA standard is structured in five parts to meet the needs of different audiences.[18]
Part 1. Fundamentals
Vocabulary, notational conventions and abbreviations
Summary of primary and supporting markup languages
Conformance conditions and interoperability guidelines
Constraints within the Open Packaging Conventions that apply to each document type
Part 2. Open Packaging Conventions
The Open Packaging Conventions (OPC), for the package model and physical package, is defined and used by various document types in various applications from multiple vendors.
It defines core properties, thumbnails, digital signatures, and authorizations & encryption capabilities for parts or all of the contents in the package.
XML schemas for the OPC are declared as XML Schema Definitions (XSD) and (non-normatively) using RELAX NG (ISO/IEC 19757-2)
Part 3. Primer
Informative (non-normative) introduction to WordprocessingML, SpreadsheetML, PresentationML, DrawingML, VML and Shared MLs, providing context and illustrating elements through examples and diagrams
Describes the custom XML data-storing facility within a package to support integration with business data
Part 4. Markup Language Reference
Contains the reference material for WordprocessingML, SpreadsheetML, PresentationML, DrawingML, Shared MLs and Custom XML Schema, defining every element and attribute including the element hierarchy (parent/child relationships)
XML schemas for the markup languages are declared as XSD and (non-normatively) using RELAX NG
Defines the custom XML data-storing facility
Part 5. Markup Compatibility and Extensibility
Describes extension facilities of OpenXML documents and specifies elements & attributes through which applications can operate across different extensions.
Later versions of the ECMA-376 standard are aligned and technically equivalent to the corresponding ISO standard.
ISO/IEC 29500:2008[edit]
The ISO/IEC standard is structured into four parts:[32] Parts 1, 2 and 3 are independent standards; for example, Part 2, specifying Open Packaging Conventions, is used by other file formats including XPS and Design Web Format. Part 4 is to be read as a modification to Part 1, which it requires.
A technically equivalent set of texts is also published by Ecma as ECMA-376 2nd edition (2008).
Part 1. Fundamentals & Markup Language Reference
Consisting of 5560 pages, this part contains:
Conformance definitions
Reference material for the XML document markup languages defined by the Standard
XML schemas for the document markup languages declared using XSD and (non-normatively) RELAX NG
Defines the foreign markup facilities
Part 2. Open Packaging Conventions
Consisting of 129 pages, this part contains:
A description of the Open Packaging Conventions (package model, physical package)
Core properties, thumbnails and digital signatures
XML schemas for the OPC are declared using XSD and (non-normatively) RELAX NG
Part 3. Markup Compatibility and Extensibility
Consisting of 40 pages, this part contains:
A description of extensions: elements & attributes which define mechanisms allowing applications to specify alternative means of negotiating content
Extensibility rules are expressed using NVDL
Part 4. Transitional Migration Features
Consisting of 1464 pages, this part contains:
Legacy material such as compatibility settings and the graphics markup language VML
A list of syntactic differences between this text and ECMA-376 1st Edition
The standard specifies two levels of document & application conformance, strict and transitional, for each of WordprocessingML, PresentationML and SpreadsheetML, and also specifies applications' descriptions of base and full.
Compatibility between versions[edit]
The intent of the changes from ECMA-376 1st Edition to ISO/IEC 29500:2008 was that a valid ECMA-376 document would also be a valid ISO 29500 Transitional document;[33] however, at least one change introduced at the BRM—refusing to allow further values for xsd:boolean—had the effect of breaking backwards-compatibility for most documents.[34] A fix for this had been suggested to ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34/WG4, and was approved in June 2009 as a recommendation for the first revision to Office Open XML.[35]
Applications capable of reading documents compliant to ECMA-376 Edition 1 would regard ISO/IEC 29500-4 Transitional documents containing ISO 8601 dates as corrupt.[36]
Application support[edit]
Main article: List of software that supports Office Open XML
Some older versions of Microsoft Word and Microsoft Office are able to read and write .docx files after installation of the free compatibility pack provided by Microsoft,[37] although some items, such as equations, are converted into images that cannot be edited.[38]
Starting with Microsoft Office 2007, the Office Open XML file formats have become the default file format[4] of Microsoft Office.[5][6] However, due to the changes introduced in the Office Open XML standard, Office 2007 is not wholly in compliance with ISO/IEC 29500:2008.[39] Office 2010 includes support for the ISO/IEC 29500:2008-compliant version of Office Open XML, but it can only save documents conforming to the transitional, not the strict, schemas of the specification.[40][41] Note that the intent of the ISO/IEC is to allow the removal of the transitional variant from the ISO/IEC 29500 standard.[41]
The ability to read and write Office Open XML format is, however, not limited to Microsoft Office; other office products are also able to read & write this format:
SoftMaker Office 2010 is able to read and write DOCX and XLSX files in its word processor & spreadsheet applications.
LibreOffice is able to open and save Office Open XML files.[42]
OpenOffice.org and Apache OpenOffice from version 3.0 has been able to import Office Open XML files, but not save them.[43] Version 3.2 improved this feature with read support even for password-protected Office Open XML files.[44][45][46]
The Go-oo fork of OpenOffice could also write OOXML files.
KOffice from version 2.2 and later was able to import OOXML files.
Calligra Suite is able to import Office Open XML files.
NeoOffice, an OpenOffice.org fork for OS X is able to import but not save OOXML.
Other office products that offer import support for the Office Open XML formats include:
TextEdit (included with OS X)
iWork
IBM Lotus Notes
Abiword
WordPerfect
Kingsoft Office
Google Docs
SoftMaker FreeOffice
See also[edit]
OOXML technical specification
Standardization of Office Open XML
Microsoft Word and Excel password protection
Open Document Format (ODF)
List of document markup languages
Comparison of document markup languages
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Microsoft. "Register file extensions on third party servers". microsoft.com. Retrieved 2009-09-04.
Jump up ^ "The Document Foundation, LibreOffice and OOXML". The Document Foundation. Retrieved 2016-03-22.
Jump up ^ "Q&A: Microsoft Co-Sponsors Submission of Office Open XML Document Formats to Ecma International for Standardization". Microsoft. 2005-11-21.
^ Jump up to: a b "Microsoft Expands List of Formats Supported in Microsoft Office". Microsoft. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
^ Jump up to: a b "Microsoft's future lies somewhere beyond the Vista by Evansville Courier & Press". Courierpress.com. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
^ Jump up to: a b "Rivals Set Their Sights on Microsoft Office: Can They Topple the Giant? - Knowledge@Wharton". Knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
Jump up ^ Overview of the XML file formats in Office 2010
Jump up ^ "XML file name extension reference for Office 2013". Microsoft Technet. Microsoft. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ Brian Jones (2007-01-25). "History of office XML formats (1998–2006)". MSDN blogs.
Jump up ^ "Microsoft Co-Sponsors Submission of Office Open XML Document Formats to Ecma International for Standardization". Microsoft. 2005-11-21.
Jump up ^ Casson and Ryan, Open Standards, Open Source Adoption in the Public Sector, and Their Relationship to Microsoft’s Market Dominance
Jump up ^ Microsoft hands over Office XML specs to Ecma
Jump up ^ Slides presented by the TC45 committee to Ecma International
Jump up ^ "Ecma International approves Office Open XML standard". Ecma International. 2006-12-07.
Jump up ^ "ISO/IEC DIS 29500 receives necessary votes for approval as an International Standard". ISO. 2008-04-02.
Jump up ^ ISO/IEC (2008-11-18). "Publication of ISO/IEC 29500:2008, Information technology — Office Open XML formats". ISO. Retrieved 2008-11-19.
Jump up ^ "Freely Available Standards". ITTF (ISO/IEC). 2008-11-18.
^ Jump up to: a b "Standard ECMA-376". Ecma-international.org. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
^ Jump up to: a b c Kirk, Jeremy (19 November 2008). "ISO publishes Office Open XML specification". InfoWorld. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
Jump up ^ "Norwegian standards body implodes over OOXML controversy". Ars Technica.
Jump up ^ Stallman, Richard (17 May 2009). "We Can Put an End to Word Attachments". Retrieved 12 June 2010.
Jump up ^ "Code of Conduct in Patent Matters". Ecma International.
Jump up ^ "ISO/IEC/ITU common patent policy".
Jump up ^ "Microsoft's Open Specification Promise Eases Web Services Patent Concerns". September 12, 2006. Retrieved 2015-04-18.
Jump up ^ "2 Escape Hatches in MS's Covenant Not to Sue". Groklaw. Retrieved 2007-01-29.
Jump up ^ Berlind, David (November 28, 2005). "Top open source lawyer blesses new terms on Microsoft's XML file format". ZDNet. Retrieved 2007-01-27.
Jump up ^ "Microsoft Open Specification Promise". Microsoft. 2007-02-15. Retrieved 2015-04-18.
Jump up ^ "http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/index.html". Ecma International. Ecma Standards and Technical Reports are made available to all interested persons or organizations, free of charge and licensing restrictions External link in |title= (help)
Jump up ^ "Microsoft Open Specification Promise". Microsoft.com.
Jump up ^ "Licensing conditions that Microsoft offers for Office Open XML". Jtc1sc34.org. 2006-12-20. Archived from the original on April 23, 2008. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
Jump up ^ "Microsoft Word — Responses to Comments and Perceived Contradictions.doc" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-09-16.
Jump up ^ "ISO search for "29500"". International Organization for Standardization. 2009-06-05.
Jump up ^ "Re-introducing on/off-values to ST-OnOff in OOXML Part 4". Retrieved 2009-09-29.
Jump up ^ "OOXML and Office 2007 Conformance: a Smoke Test". Retrieved 2009-09-29.
Jump up ^ "Minutes of the Copenhagen Meeting of ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34/WG4" (PDF). 2009-06-22. Retrieved 2009-09-29. page 15
Jump up ^ "ISO/IEC 29500-4:2008/Draft Amd2:2011 - Draft - Information technology — Document description and processing languages — Office Open XML File Formats — Part 4: Transitional Migration Features - AMENDMENT 2" (PDF). 2011-03-02. Retrieved 2011-04-04
Jump up ^ "Microsoft Office Compatibility Pack for Word, Excel, and PowerPoint 2007 File Formats (Version 3)". Microsoft. 2007-06-18. Retrieved 2007-09-04.
Jump up ^ Open a Word 2007 document in an earlier version of Word - Word - Office.com. Office.microsoft.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-17.
Jump up ^ Andy Updegrove. "Microsoft Office 2007 to Support ODF — and not OOXML". ConsortiumInfo.org. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
Jump up ^ "ISO OOXML convener: Microsoft's format "heading for failure"". Ars Technica.
^ Jump up to: a b Microsoft Fails the Standards Test Archived April 4, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "LibreOffice OOXML". Retrieved 22 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "OpenOffice.org 3.0 New Features". 2008-10-13. Retrieved 2009-10-24.
Jump up ^ "OpenOffice.org 3.2 New Features". 2010. Retrieved 2010-11-13.
Jump up ^ Scott Gilbertson (13 February 2010). "OpenOffice 3.2 - now with less Microsoft envy". The Register. Retrieved 18 Feb 2013. the ability to open password-protected Word, Excel, and PowerPoint files
Jump up ^ "3.2.0 (build OOO320_m12) - Release Notes". Retrieved 18 Feb 2013. Import of password protected Microsoft Office XML files
Further reading[edit]
"Standard ECMA-376: Office Open XML File Formats; 1st edition (December 2006) and 2nd edition (December 2008)". ECMA Standards. Ecma International. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
"JTC 1/SC 34 - Document description and processing languages". ISO Standards. International Organization for Standardization. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
"FAQs on ISO/IEC 29500". ISO News and Media. International Organization for Standardization. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
Brown, Alex (31 March 2010). "Microsoft Fails the Standards Test". Where is an end of it?. Alex Brown's weblog. Archived from the original on April 4, 2010. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
Lenz, Evan; McRae, Mary; St.Laurent, Simon (May 2004). "Chapter 2: The WordprocessingML Vocabulary" (PDF). Office 2003 XML: Integrating Office with the Rest of the World. O'Reilly Media. ISBN 978-0-596-00538-2.
"How do I open Microsoft Office 2007 files?". OpenOffice.org Wiki. Oracle. 7 September 2009. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
"Reference and sample documents". OpenOffice.org Ninja. 8 December 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
Shah, Rajiv C.; Kesan, Jay P. (September 2008). "Lost in Translation: Interoperability Issues for Open Standards - ODF and OOXML as Examples". Social Science Research Network. Social Science Electronic Publishing, Inc. SSRN 1201708  . Missing or empty |url= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to OOXML.
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12182
12207
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