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America's Next Top Model (cycle 24)
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America's Next Top Model (cycle 24)
Cycle 24 cast
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
15
Release
Original network
VH1
Original release
January 9 (2018-01-09) – April 10, 2018 (2018-04-10)
Additional information
Judges
Tyra Banks
Ashley Graham
Drew Elliott
Law Roach
No. of contestants
15
Winner
Kyla Coleman
Cycle chronology
← Previous
Cycle 23
The twenty-fourth cycle of America's Next Top Model premiered on January 9, 2018 and was the second season to air on VH1. Continuing from cycle 23, this cycle featured an all-female cast. However, in a first for the series, the maximum age limit was removed, allowing contestants of all ages to enter the contest.[1]
Top Model franchise creator Tyra Banks returned as the show's host after being replaced for one cycle by singer Rita Ora. The judging panel, consisting of model Ashley Graham, Paper magazine chief creative officer Drew Elliott, and celebrity stylist Law Roach, remained otherwise unchanged.
The prizes for this cycle included a contract with Next Model Management, fashion spread in Paper magazine, a cash prize of US$100,000 from Pantene, and a featured avatar in the new America's Next Top Model Mobile Game.
The winner of the competition was 20 year-old Kyla Coleman from Lacey, Washington.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Contestants
2 Episodes
2.1 The Boss Is Back
2.2 Beauty Is Los Angeles
2.3 Beauty Is a Trademark
2.4 Beauty Is Drama
2.5 Beauty Is Unconventional
2.6 Beauty Is Pride
2.7 Beauty Is Raw
2.8 Beauty Is Social
2.9 Beauty Is Movement
2.10 Beauty Is Real
2.11 Behind The Beauty
2.12 Beauty Is Personality
2.13 Beauty Is a Comeback
2.14 Beauty Is Commercial
2.15 Next Level Fierce
3 Summaries
3.1 Results
3.2 Photo shoot guide
4 Ratings
5 References
6 External links
Contestants[edit]
(Ages stated are at start of contest.)[1][3]
Contestant
Age
Height
Hometown
Finish
Place
Maggie Keating 20 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) Surry, Maine Episode 2 15
Ivana Thomas 23 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) Durham, North Carolina Episode 3 14
Liz Woodbury 24 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) Greenville, Massachusetts Episode 4 13 (quit)
Rhiyan Carreker 20 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) Orange County, California 12
Coura Fall 24 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) Eastvale, California Episode 5 11
Liberty Netuschil 20 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) Lava Hot Springs, Idaho Episode 6 10
Christina McDonald 34 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) Jenkintown, Pennsylvania Episode 7 9
Sandra Shehab 22 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) Cliffside Park, New Jersey Episode 8 8
Brendi K Seiner 22 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) Nashville, Tennessee Episode 9 7 (quit)
Erin Green 42 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) Riverside, California Episode 10 6
Rio Summers 23 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) Detroit, Michigan Episode 13 5
Shanice Carroll 25 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) Murfreesboro, Tennessee Episode 15 4
Khrystyana Kazakova 32 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) New York, New York 3
Jeana Turner 24 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) Minneapolis, Minnesota 2
Kyla Coleman 20 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) Lacey, Washington 1
Episodes[edit]
The Boss Is Back[edit]
Original air date: January 9, 2018 (2018-01-09)
The semi-finalists were introduced to the judges for the first time, and were made aware of the new casting process in which any of them could be eliminated at any point during casting week (as opposed to the mass-eliminations in previous cycles), to gradually reduce the pool of contestants. The models then had one-on-one auditions with the judges, which saw several semi-finalists leave the competition.
The surviving models later met with judge Drew Elliot and fashion director Nicola Formichetti for an Avant-garde photo shoot and runway challenge. The remaining 18 contestants moved into the model house, and at the end of the week, host Tyra Banks selected the finalized cast of 14 contestants. Immediately afterwards, Banks announced that one of the semifinalists who'd missed the final cut, Erin Green, would also be allowed to move on to the main competition, bringing the final number of contestants to 15.[4][5]
Featured photographer: Renata Raksha
Special guests: Nicola Formichetti
Beauty Is Los Angeles[edit]
Original air date: January 16, 2018 (2018-01-16)
The finalists moved into the model home. They later met runway coach Stacey McKenzie for a catwalk lesson in preparation for an upcoming runway challenge at Venice Beach skate park, where the contestants had to model designs from Baja East and avoid skateboarders as they navigated across a skating ramp. As the winner of the challenge, Khrystyana was chosen to walk in a show for the label during New York fashion week. On set, the models had a bohemian pregnancy photo shoot with photographer Charlotte Rutherford, inspired by Hollywood's latest baby boom fashion trends. At elimination, Coura received best picture. Brendi K and Maggie landed in the bottom two, and Maggie was eliminated from the competition.[6]
Featured photographer: Charlotte Rutherford
Special guests: Stacey McKenzie
Beauty Is a Trademark[edit]
Original air date: January 23, 2018 (2018-01-23)
The models arrived back at the house and immediately received a Tyra Mail alluding to the fact that makeovers would be taking place soon. After the makeovers were administered, the models met Director X for a video shoot meant to showcase their new trademark looks in a room full of mirrors. At elimination, Liberty was deemed to be the best performer for the shoot. Shanice and Ivana landed in the bottom two, and Ivana was eliminated from the competition.[7]
Featured director: Director X
Special guests: Leanne Citrone
Beauty Is Drama[edit]
Original air date: January 30, 2018 (2018-01-30)
The remaining models received scripts for a screen test challenge with actor Kevin Phillips, which was judged by director Anthony Hemingway and Stacey McKenzie. Khrystyana was ultimately chosen as the challenge winner. Later on, the models were taken to a mansion for a photo shoot inspired by American Horror Story. After a heart to heart conversation with Tyra, Liz decided to quit the competition. At elimination, Khrystyana received best photo. Coura and Rhiyan landed in the bottom two, and Rhiyan was eliminated from the competition.[8]
Featured photographer: Ekaterina Belinskaya
Special guests: B. Akerlund, Anthony Hemingway, Stacey McKenzie, Kevin Phillips
Beauty Is Unconventional[edit]
Original air date: February 6, 2018 (2018-02-06)
The remaining 11 models had to work with renowned YouTuber Patrick Starr to shoot a beauty vlog which required them to use unconventional items as beauty tools. Sandra was chosen as the challenge winner, and was rewarded with a guest appearance on Starr's channel. On set, the models were stacked on top of one another to have their beauty shots taken. At elimination, Rio received best picture. Christina and Coura landed in the bottom two, and Coura was eliminated from the competition.[9]
Featured photographer: Tatiana Gerusova
Special guests: Patrick Starr
Beauty Is Pride[edit]
Original air date: February 13, 2018 (2018-02-13)
The remaining 10 contestants celebrated pride week at Micky's Bar, and took part in a self styled popup runway challenge for designer Christian Cowan which was won by Khrystyana. The models later had a photo shoot posing alongside former Drag Race contestants Manila Luzon, Valentina and Katya Zamolodchikova. Khrystyana won best picture at elimination. Kyla and Liberty landed in the bottom two, and Liberty was eliminated from the competition.[10]
Featured photographer: Katie Levine
Special guests: Valentina, Christian Cowan, Manila Luzon, Stacey McKenzie, Katya Zamolodchikova
Beauty Is Raw[edit]
Original air date: February 20, 2018 (2018-02-20)
The remaining nine contestants were challenged with the task of creating an anti-bullying PSA for the National Crime Prevention Council under the direction of Director X. As the winners of the challenge, Khrystyana, Kyla, and Sandra were chosen to have their video used as part of a national digital campaign for NCPC. On set, the models were stripped to their barest essentials and had their photographs taken by Tyra. At elimination Brendi K, Jeana, Khrystyana, Kyla, Rio, Sandra, and Shanice received a joint first call-out as a group. Christina and Erin landed in the bottom two, and Christina was eliminated from the competition.[11]
Featured photographer: Tyra Banks
Special guests: Yoko Sakakura, Shigeko Taylor, Director X, Stacey McKenzie
Beauty Is Social[edit]
Original air date: February 27, 2018 (2018-02-27)
The remaining models received a visit from Tyra, and learned about effective techniques for taking a selfie. They were later introduced to model Jourdan Dunn in time for a selfie challenge in which they had to advertise Jourdan's clothing brand, LonDunn. Jeana was chosen as the winner of the challenge. On set the contestants were photographed by Tyra in a photo shoot where they had to pose with plus-sized male models covered in gold body paint. At elimination, Kyla received best photo. Khrystyana and Sandra landed in bottom two, and Sandra was eliminated from the competition.[12]
Featured photographer: Tyra Banks
Special guests: Jourdan Dunn, Zach Miko, Miles Dausuel, Kevin Rivers, Michael
Guest judge: Jourdan Dunn
Beauty Is Movement[edit]
Original air date: March 6, 2018 (2018-03-06)
The seven remaining models met with Ashley Graham and movement coach Jermaine Browne for a motion shoot challenge, which was won by Jeana. They later had a couture photo shoot in the desert while posing with a parachute. Brendi K decided to quit the competition at panel. Shanice received best photo during elimination, while Jeana and Kyla landed in the bottom two. As a result of Brendi K’s departure earlier in the episode, both of them were allowed to stay.[13]
Featured photographer: Pieter Henket
Special guests: Jermaine Browne
Beauty Is Real[edit]
Original air date: March 13, 2018 (2018-03-13)
The six remaining contestants attended castings in Los Angeles for Chris Mena and Maggie Barry. Kyla and Rio were chosen as the winners of the challenge, and were given the opportunity to walk in a runway show for the designers as part of their reward. On set, the models had a cover try photo shoot for Paper magazine. At elimination, Rio received best photo. Erin and Shanice landed in the bottom two, and Erin was eliminated from the competition.[14]
Featured photographer: Pieter Henket
Special guests: Chris Mena, Barbara Strasmore, Maggie Barry
Behind The Beauty[edit]
Original air date: March 13, 2018 (2018-03-13)
This episode featured behind the scenes and never before seen footage of the cycle, and highlighted each contestants journey to the top five.
Beauty Is Personality[edit]
Original air date: March 20, 2018
The remaining finalists had a challenge in which they had to create personalized avatars for the new America's Next Top Model mobile game. Khrystyana was chosen as the winner, and received an assortment of clothes styled by Law Roach. The models were later taken to a mansion in order to shoot a music video with Maejor and Tyra Banks under the direction of Director X. At elimination, Khrystyana received best performance. Jeana and Rio landed in the bottom two, and Jeana was eliminated from the competition.[15]
Featured director: Director X
Special guests: Maejor, David Ortis
Guest judge: Director X
Beauty Is a Comeback[edit]
Original air date: March 27, 2018 (2018-03-27)
The final four took part in a throwback America's Next Top Model challenge inspired by the bubble runway from cycle 16. It was revealed that the models would be walking alongside the formerly eliminated contestants, one of whom would be replacing that week's eliminee at panel. Erin was chosen as the challenge winner, and along with Liberty, Christina, and Jeana, moved back into the model house for the opportunity to possibly return. On set, the contestants had a photo shoot in pairs with cycle 3 winner Eva Marcille covered in tarantulas, shot by former judge Nigel Barker. At elimination, Kyla received best picture. Rio and Shanice landed in the bottom two, and Rio was eliminated from the competition. Out of the four comeback contestants, Jeana was chosen to return.[16]
Featured photographer: Nigel Barker
Special guests: Stacey McKenzie, Eva Marcille
Beauty Is Commercial[edit]
Original air date: April 3, 2018 (2018-04-03)
The remaining four models took part in a challenge for Pantene in which they had to style their own hair and makeup. Khrystyana was chosen as the winner. On set, the contestants had to shoot an advertising campaign for Pantene, which required them to embody several different products from the brand. At elimination, Kyla won best photo. Jeana and Shanice landed in the bottom two, and Jeana was eliminated from the competition. In a shocking turn of events, she was saved from elimination by guest judge Philipp Plein, joining the other three models in the finale.[17]
Featured photographer: Torkil Gudnason
Special guests: Kelly Vanasse, Danilo, Philipp Plein
Guest judge: Philipp Plein
Next Level Fierce[edit]
Original air date: April 10, 2018 (2018-04-10)
The finalists attended a fitting for Philipp Plein after which Shanice was eliminated from the competition. The remaining three contestants took part in a photo shoot for the winner's spread to be published in Paper magazine. They later reunited with the formerly eliminated contestants for the final runway show. Immediately following the runway show, Khrystyana was eliminated based on the results from the photo shoot that had taken place earlier that week. The judges deliberated over the body of work of the remaining two finalists, and at the end of the night, Kyla was crowned as the winner.[18]
Featured photographer: Vijat Mohindra
Special guests: Philipp Plein, Mickey Boardman, Stacey McKenzie
Summaries[edit]
Results[edit]
Order
Episodes
2
3
4[a]
5
6
7[b]
8
9[c]
10
12
13
14[d]
15[e]
1
Coura Liberty Khrystyana Rio Khrystyana Brendi K.
Jeana
Khrystyana
Kyla
Rio
Sandra
Shanice Kyla Shanice Rio Khrystyana Kyla Kyla Kyla
2
Rio Jeana Jeana Khrystyana Shanice Jeana Khrystyana Khrystyana Kyla Khrystyana Khrystyana Jeana
3
Erin Brendi K. Christina Shanice Jeana Shanice Erin Jeana Shanice Shanice Shanice Khrystyana
4
Jeana Rio Liberty Sandra Christina Erin Rio Kyla Rio Rio Jeana Shanice
5
Khrystyana Kyla Brendi K. Kyla Erin Brendi K. Jeana
Kyla Shanice Jeana
6
Christina Christina Erin Brendi K. Sandra Rio Erin
7
Liz Liz Shanice Jeana Rio Khrystyana Brendi K.
8
Kyla Coura Kyla Erin Brendi K. Erin Sandra
9
Ivana Erin Rio Liberty Kyla Christina
10
Rhiyan Khrystyana Sandra Christina Liberty
11
Liberty Sandra Coura Coura
12
Shanice Rhiyan Rhiyan
13
Sandra Shanice Liz
14
Brendi K. Ivana
15
Maggie
The contestant was eliminated from the competition
The contestant quit the competition
The contestant was part of a non-elimination bottom two
The contestant was originally eliminated but was saved
The contestant was eliminated outside of judging panel
The contestant won the competition
Jump up ^ In Episode 4, Liz quit the competition before that week's panel and elimination.
Jump up ^ In Episode 7, Brendi K., Jeana, Khrystyana, Kyla, Rio, Sandra, and Shanice shared a 7-way tie for first call-out.
Jump up ^ In Episode 9, Brendi K. quit the competition during panel. As a result, no one was eliminated.
Jump up ^ Jeana returned to the competition after Rio’s elimination in episode 13. She was originally eliminated once again in episode 14 when she landed in the bottom two with Shanice, but was saved.
Jump up ^ In episode 15, Shanice was eliminated outside of judging panel after a fitting that took place before the final runway. Khrystyana was eliminated after the first deliberation at the final judging. Following the final deliberation, Kyla was crowned as the winner.
Photo shoot guide[edit]
Episode 1 photo shoot: Avant-garde couture in a garden (casting)
Episode 2 photo shoot: Bohemian maternity editorial
Episode 3 video shoot: Trademark style in a mirrored room
Episode 4 photo shoot: American Horror Story in a haunted mansion
Episode 5 photo shoot: Stacked beauty shots in groups
Episode 6 photo shoot: Princesses with former RuPaul's Drag Race contestants
Episode 7 photo shoot: Unretouched natural beauty in lingerie
Episode 8 photo shoot: Dripping in gold with plus-size male models
Episode 9 photo shoot: Parachute couture in the desert
Episode 10 photo shoot: Paper magazine cover tries
Episode 12 music video: Mansion madness with Maejor
Episode 13 photo shoot: Posing in pairs with Eva Marcille covered in tarantulas
Episode 14 photo shoot: Pantene ad campaigns
Episode 15 photo shoot: Paper magazine spreads
Ratings[edit]
No. in
series
No. in
cycle
Episode
Air date
Viewers (m)
18–49
Rating/share
Ref.
305 1 "The Boss Is Back" January 9, 2018 (2018-01-09) 0.86 0.45 [19]
306 2 "Beauty Is Los Angeles" January 16, 2018 (2018-01-16) 0.96 0.40 [20]
307 3 "Beauty Is a Trademark" January 23, 2018 (2018-01-23) 0.88 0.42 [21]
308 4 "Beauty Is Drama" January 30, 2018 (2018-01-30) 0.79 0.37 [22]
309 5 "Beauty Is Unconventional" February 6, 2018 (2018-02-06) 0.78 0.38 [23]
310 6 "Beauty Is Pride" February 13, 2018 (2018-02-13) 0.79 0.32 [24]
311 7 "Beauty Is Raw" February 20, 2018 (2018-02-20) 0.86 0.40 [25]
312 8 "Beauty Is Social" February 27, 2018 (2018-02-27) 0.83 0.39 [26]
313 9 "Beauty Is Movement" March 6, 2018 (2018-03-06) 0.67 0.30 [27]
314 10 "Beauty Is Real" March 13, 2018 (2018-03-13) 0.73 0.35 [28]
315 11 "Behind The Beauty" March 13, 2018 (2018-03-13) 0.41 0.18 [28]
316 12 "Beauty Is Personality" March 20, 2018 (2018-03-20) 0.78 0.35 [29]
317 13 "Beauty Is a Comeback" March 27, 2018 (2018-03-27) 0.74 0.35 [30]
318 14 "Beauty Is Commercial" April 3, 2018 (2018-04-03) 0.83 0.36 [31]
319 15 "Next Level Fierce" April 10, 2018 (2018-04-10) 0.86 0.35 [32]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Nolfi, Joey (December 13, 2017). "Meet the fiercely-aged America's Next Top Model cycle 24 cast". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Nolfi, Joey. "'America's Next Top Model' winner on disrupting fashion standards: 'Times are changing'". EW.com. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Here Are the Models Competing For the Title of America's Next Top Model on Cycle 24". VH1 News. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Orbey, Eren (17 January 2018). "The Enduring Miracle of Tyra Banks on "America's Next Top Model"". The New Yorker. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "'America's Next Top Model' Season 24 premiere: Tyra Banks and experts determine the Top 15 models". Reality TV World. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "'America's Next Top Model' ousts Maggie Keating after contestants pose pregnant for photo shoot". Reality TV World. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "'America's Next Top Model' eliminates Ivana Thomas after shocking makeovers". Reality TV World. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "'America's Next Top Model' recap: Liz Harlan leaves the show, Rhiyan Carreker gets eliminated". Reality TV World. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "'America's Next Top Model' ousts Coura Fall and determines Top 10 finalists". Reality TV World. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Pro-Trump model gets ousted on 'America's Next Top Model'". Retrieved 15 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Lind-Westbrook, Jennifer (February 20, 2018). "'America's Next Top Model' Recap: The Women Expose Themselves and Khrystyana Brings Everyone to Tears". BuddyTV. Retrieved February 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "'America's Next Top Model' ousts Sandra Shehab after sexy photo shoot with "big, brawny" men". Reality TV World. Retrieved February 28, 2018.
Jump up ^ Lind-Westbrook, Jennifer (March 6, 2018). "'America's Next Top Model' Recap: An Injury Occurs On Set and Another Woman Quits". BuddyTV. Retrieved March 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Lind-Westbrook, Jennifer (March 13, 2018). "'America's Next Top Model' Recap: Shanice Upsets Drew at the Photo Shoot". BuddyTV. Retrieved March 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ Lind-Westbrook, Jennifer (March 20, 2018). "'America's Next Top Model' Recap: Jeana Gets Pushy at the Photo Shoot". BuddyTV. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
Jump up ^ Lind-Westbrook, Jennifer (March 27, 2018). "America's Next Top Model Recap: Eliminated Contestants Return for a Second Chance". BuddyTV. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
Jump up ^ Lind-Westbrook, Jennifer (April 3, 2018). "America's Next Top Model Recap: Which Contestants Make It to the Finals?". BuddyTV. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
Jump up ^ Bowen Yang and Matt Rogers (April 11, 2018). "America's Next Top Model Season-Finale Recap: Hangar in There". Vulture.com. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 1.9.2018 Showbuzz Daily". www.showbuzzdaily.com. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 1.16.2018 Showbuzz Daily". www.showbuzzdaily.com. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 1.23.2018 Showbuzz Daily". www.showbuzzdaily.com. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 1.30.2018 Showbuzz Daily". www.showbuzzdaily.com. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 2.6.2018 Showbuzz Daily". www.showbuzzdaily.com. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 2.13.2018 Showbuzz Daily". www.showbuzzdaily.com. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 2.20.2018 Showbuzz Daily". www.showbuzzdaily.com. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 2.27.2018 Showbuzz Daily". www.showbuzzdaily.com. Retrieved February 28, 2018.
Jump up ^ "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 3.6.2018 Showbuzz Daily". www.showbuzzdaily.com. Retrieved March 10, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 3.13.2018 Showbuzz Daily". www.showbuzzdaily.com. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 3.20.2018 Showbuzz Daily". www.showbuzzdaily.com. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
Jump up ^ "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 3.27.2018 Showbuzz Daily". www.showbuzzdaily.com. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
Jump up ^ "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 4.3.2018 Showbuzz Daily". www.showbuzzdaily.com. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
Jump up ^ "UPDATED: SHOWBUZZDAILY's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 4.10.2018 Showbuzz Daily". www.showbuzzdaily.com. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
External links[edit]
Official website
[hide]
v
t
e
America's Next Top Model
Cycles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
All-Stars (17)
British Invasion (18)
College Edition (19)
Guys & Girls
20
21
22
23
24
Contestants
Winners
Adrianne Curry
Yoanna House
Eva Pigford
Naima Mora
Nicole Linkletter
Danielle Evans
CariDee English
Jaslene Gonzalez
Saleisha Stowers
Whitney Thompson
McKey Sullivan
Nicole Fox
Krista White
Ann Ward
Brittani Kline
Lisa D'Amato
Sophie Sumner
Laura James
Jourdan Miller
Keith Carlos
Nyle DiMarco
Other alumni
Elyse Sewell
Mercedes Scelba-Shorte
Yaya DaCosta
Toccara Jones
Bre Scullark
Kim Stolz
Cassandra Whitehead
Jade Cole
Melrose Bickerstaff
Eugena Washington
Anchal Joseph
Renee DeWitt
Chantal Jones
Heather Kuzmich
Lisa Jackson
Anya Kop
Fatima Siad
Dominique Reighard
Analeigh Tipton
Isis King
Allison Harvard
Celia Ammerman
Natalie Pack
Laura Kirkpatrick
Jane Randall
Esther Petrack
AzMarie Livingston
Jasmia Robinson
Leila Goldkuhl
Chantelle Young
Related series
Modelville (2008)
Stylista (2008)
True Beauty (2009–2010)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=America%27s_Next_Top_Model_(cycle_24)&oldid=837694743"
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Evil eye
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Nazars, charms used to ward off the evil eye.
The evil eye is a curse believed to be cast by a malevolent glare, usually given to a person when they are unaware. Many cultures believe that receiving the evil eye will cause misfortune or injury.[1] Talismans created to protect against the evil eye are also frequently called "evil eyes".[2][3]
The idea expressed by the term causes many different cultures to pursue protective measures against it. The concept and its significance vary widely among different cultures, primarily in West Asia. The idea appears several times in rabbinic literature.[4] It was a widely extended belief among many Mediterranean and Asian tribes and cultures. Charms and decorations with eye-like symbols known as nazars, which are used to repel the evil eye, are a common sight across Armenia, Albania, Algeria, Tunisia, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Israel, Morocco, Greece, the Levant, Afghanistan, Syria, southern Spain, and Mexico, and have become a popular choice of souvenir with tourists.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Classical antiquity
2 Around the world
3 Protective talismans and cures
3.1 In Islam
3.2 Assyrians
3.3 In Judaism
3.4 Turkey
3.5 Ethiopia
3.6 Pakistan
3.7 Greece
3.8 Italy
3.9 Spain and Latin America
3.9.1 Brazil
3.9.2 Mexico
3.10 India
3.11 United States
4 Media and press coverage
5 Names in various languages
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
History[edit]
Belief in the evil eye dates back to Classical antiquity. It is referenced by Hesiod, Callimachus, Plato, Diodorus Siculus, Theocritus, Plutarch, Heliodorus, Pliny the Elder, and Aulus Gellius. Peter Walcot's Envy and the Greeks (1978) listed more than one hundred works by these and other authors mentioning the evil eye.
Classical antiquity[edit]
Roman-era mosaic from Antioch depicting a plethora of devices against the evil eye
Classical authors attempted to offer explanations for the evil eye. Plutarch's scientific explanation stated that the eyes were the chief, if not sole, source of the deadly rays that were supposed to spring up like poisoned darts from the inner recesses of a person possessing the evil eye. Plutarch treated the phenomenon of the evil eye as something seemingly inexplicable that is a source of wonder and cause of incredulity.
The belief in the evil eye during antiquity varied across different regions and periods. The evil eye was not feared with equal intensity in every corner of the Roman Empire. There were places in which people felt more conscious of the danger of the evil eye. In Roman times, not only were individuals considered to possess the power of the evil eye but whole tribes, especially those of Pontus and Scythia, were believed to be transmitters of the evil eye. The phallic charm called fascinum in Latin, from the verb fascinare, "to cast a spell" (the origin of the English word "fascinate"), was used against the evil eye.
The spreading in the belief of the evil eye across the Near East is believed by some to have been propagated by the Empire of Alexander the Great, which spread this and other Greek ideas across his empire.[citation needed]
Around the world[edit]
Tree with nazars in Cappadocia, Turkey.
Belief in the evil eye is strongest in West Asia, Latin America, East and West Africa, Central America, Central Asia, and Europe, especially the Mediterranean region; it has also spread to areas, including northern Europe, particularly in the Celtic regions, and the Americas, where it was brought by European colonists and West Asian immigrants.[citation needed]
Belief in the evil eye is found in the Islamic doctrine, based upon the statement of Prophet Muhammad, "The influence of an evil eye is a fact..." [Sahih Muslim, Book 26, Number 5427].[5] Authentic practices of warding off the evil eye are also commonly practiced by Muslims: rather than directly expressing appreciation of, for example, a child's beauty, it is customary to say Masha'Allah, that is, "God has willed it", or invoking God's blessings upon the object or person that is being admired.[6] A number of beliefs about the evil eye are also found in folk religion, typically revolving around the use of amulets or talismans as a means of protection.
In the Aegean Region and other areas where light-colored eyes are relatively rare, people with green eyes, and especially blue eyes, are thought to bestow the curse, intentionally or unintentionally.[7] Thus, in Greece and Turkey amulets against the evil eye take the form of blue eyes, and in the painting by John Phillip, below, we witness the culture-clash experienced by a woman who suspects that the artist's gaze implies that he is looking at her with the evil eye.
Among those who do not take the evil eye literally, either by reason of the culture in which they were raised or because they simply do not believe it, the phrase, "to give someone the evil eye" usually means simply to glare at the person in anger or disgust. The term has entered into common usage within the English language. Within the broadcasting industry it refers to when a presenter signals to the interviewee or co-presenter to stop talking due to a shortage of time.[8]
Protective talismans and cures[edit]
The Hamsa, a charm made to ward off the evil eye.
Attempts to ward off the curse of the evil eye has resulted in a number of talismans in many cultures. As a class, they are called "apotropaic" (Greek for "prophylactic" / προφυλακτικός or "protective", literally: "turns away") talismans, meaning that they turn away or turn back harm.
Disks or balls, consisting of concentric blue and white circles (usually, from inside to outside, dark blue, light blue, white, and dark blue) representing an evil eye are common apotropaic talismans in West Asia, found on the prows of Mediterranean boats and elsewhere; in some forms of the folklore, the staring eyes are supposed to bend the malicious gaze back to the sorcerer.
Known as nazar (Turkish: nazar boncuğu or nazarlık), this talisman is most frequently seen in Turkey, found in or on houses and vehicles or worn as beads.
Detail of a 19th-century Anatolian kilim, with rows of crosses (Turkish: Haç) and scattered S-shaped hooks (Turkish: Çengel), both to ward off the evil eye[9]
A blue or green eye can also be found on some forms of the hamsa hand, an apotropaic hand-shaped talisman against the evil eye found in West Asia. The word hamsa, also spelled khamsa and hamesh, means "five" referring to the fingers of the hand. In Jewish culture, the hamsa is called the Hand of Miriam; in some Muslim cultures, the Hand of Fatima. Though condemned as superstition by doctrinaire Muslims, it is almost exclusively among Muslims in the Near East and Mediterranean that the belief in envious looks containing destructive power or the talismanic power of a nazar to defend against them. To adherents of other faiths in the region, the nazar is an attractive decoration.
A variety of motifs to ward off the evil eye are commonly woven into tribal kilim rugs. Such motifs include a cross (Turkish: Haç) to divide the evil eye into four, a hook (Turkish: Çengel) to destroy the evil eye, or a human eye (Turkish: Göz) to avert the evil gaze. The shape of a lucky amulet (Turkish: Muska; often, a triangular package containing a sacred verse) is often woven into kilims for the same reason.[9]
In Islam[edit]
Evil eye, Isabat al-’ayn, is a common belief that individuals have the power to look at people, animals or objects to cause them harm. It is tradition among many Muslims that if a compliment is to be made one should say "Masha'Allah" (ما شاء الله) ("God has willed it.") and also "TabarakAllah" (تبارك الله) ("Blessings of God") to ward off the evil eye. Reciting Sura Ikhlas, Sura Al-Falaq and Sura Al-Nas from the Qur'an, three times after Fajr and after Maghrib is also used as a means of personal protection against the evil eye.[10] Still in Islam, Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba Founder of Muridism in Senegal, wrote a Qassida (prayers and duah) called "As Sindidi" ("The Generous Chief"), on which He praises God with these words against evil eye:[11] "Be He, who will protect me against the evil of the Jealous, the mischief of the evil whisperer, from the mischief of the envier when he envies. O Allah! Be my refuge against the evil of the magic, against the evil of the Jinn, and other venomous creatures. O Allah!" (in Arabic transcript):[12]
Assyrians[edit]
A Ruby Eye Pendant from an ancient civilization in Mesopotamia was possibly used as amulet to protect against evil eyes. Adilnor Collection.
Assyrians are also strong believers in the evil eye. They will usually wear a blue/turquoise bead around a necklace to be protected from the evil eye. Also, they might pinch the buttocks, comparable to Armenians. It is said that people with green or blue eyes are more prone to the evil eye effect.[citation needed][clarification needed] A simple and instant way of protection in European Christian countries is to make the sign of the cross with your hand and point two fingers, the index finger and the middle finger, towards the supposed source of influence or supposed victim as described in the first chapter of Bram Stoker's novel Dracula published in 1897:
When we started, the crowd round the inn door, which had by this time swelled to a considerable size, all made the sign of the cross and pointed two fingers towards me. With some difficulty, I got a fellow passenger to tell me what they meant. He would not answer at first, but on learning that I was English, he explained that it was a charm or guard against the evil eye.[13]
In Judaism[edit]
The evil eye is mentioned several times in the classic Pirkei Avot (Ethics of Our Fathers). In Chapter II, five disciples of Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakai give advice on how to follow the good path in life and avoid the bad. Rabbi Eliezer says an evil eye is worse than a bad friend, a bad neighbor, or an evil heart. Judaism believes that a "good eye" designates an attitude of good will and kindness towards others. Someone who has this attitude in life will rejoice when his fellow man prospers; he will wish everyone well.[14] An "evil eye" denotes the opposite attitude. A man with "an evil eye" will not only feel no joy but experience actual distress when others prosper, and will rejoice when others suffer. A person of this character represents a great danger to our moral purity.[15] Many Observant Jews avoid talking about valuable items they own, good luck that has come to them and, in particular, their children. If any of these are mentioned, the speaker and/or listener will say "b'li ayin hara" (Hebrew), meaning "without an evil eye", or "kein eina hara" (Yiddish; often shortened to "kennahara"), "no evil eye". Another way to ward off the evil eye is to spit three times (or pretend to). Romans call this custom "despuere malum," to spit at evil. [16]It has also been suggested[by whom?] the 10th commandment: "do not covet anything that belongs to your neighbor" is a law against bestowing the evil eye on another person.
Turkey[edit]
Main article: Nazar (amulet)
Traditionally shaped nazar ornaments
A typical nazar is made of handmade glass featuring concentric circles or teardrop shapes in dark blue, white, light blue and black, occasionally with a yellow/gold edge.[17]
As a legacy of the Turkish Ottoman Empire, it is a common sight in Turkey, Romania, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, Egypt, Armenia, Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iraq and Azerbaijan,[18] where the nazar is often hung in homes, offices, cars, children's clothing, or incorporated in jewellery and ornaments.[17] They are a popular choice of souvenir with tourists.
Ethiopia[edit]
Main article: Buda (folk religion)
Belief in the evil eye, or buda (var. bouda), is widespread in Ethiopia.[19] Buda is generally believed to be a power held and wielded by those in a different social group, for example among the Beta Israel or metalworkers. Some Ethiopian Christians carry an amulet or talisman, known as a kitab, or will invoke God's name, to ward off the ill effects of buda.[20] A debtera, who is either an unordained priest or educated layperson, will create these protective amulets or talismans.[21][22]
Pakistan[edit]
In Pakistan, the evil eye is called Nazar (نظر). People usually may resort to reading the last three chapters of the Quran, namely Sura Ikhlas, Sura Al-Falaq and Sura Al-Nas. "Masha'Allah" (ما شاء الله) ("God has willed it.") is commonly said to ward off the evil eye. Understanding of evil eye varies by the level of education. Some perceive the use of black color to be useful in protecting from evil eye. Others use "taawiz" to ward off evil eye. Truck owners and other public transport vehicles may commonly be seen using a small black cloth on the bumpers to prevent evil eye.[23]
Greece[edit]
The evil eye, known as μάτι (mati), "eye", as an apotropaic visual device, is known to have been a fixture in Greece dating back to at least the 6th century BC, when it commonly appeared on drinking vessels.[24] In Greece, the evil eye is cast away through the process of xematiasma (ξεμάτιασμα), whereby the "healer" silently recites a secret prayer passed over from an older relative of the opposite sex, usually a grandparent. Such prayers are revealed only under specific circumstances, according to their customs those who reveal them indiscriminately lose their ability to cast off the evil eye. There are several regional versions of the prayer in question, a common one being: "Holy Virgin, Our Lady, if [insert name of the victim] is suffering of the evil eye, release him/her of it." Evil repeated three times. According to custom, if one is indeed afflicted with the evil eye, both victim and "healer" then start yawning profusely. The "healer" then performs the sign of the cross three times, and emits spitting-like sounds in the air three times. A very similar ritual can be found in neighboring Bulgaria.
Another "test" used to check if the evil eye was cast is that of the oil: under normal conditions, olive oil floats in water, as it is less dense than water. The test of the oil is performed by placing one drop of olive oil in a glass of water, typically holy water.[citation needed] If the drop floats, the test concludes there is no evil eye involved. If the drop sinks, then it is asserted that the evil eye is cast indeed. Another form of the test is to place two drops of olive oil into a glass of water. If the drops remain separated, the test concludes there is no evil eye, but if they merge, there is. There is also a third form where in a plate full of water the "healer" places three or nine drops of oil. If the oil drops become larger and eventually dissolve in the water there is evil eye. If the drops remain separated from water in a form of a small circle there isn't. The first drops are the most important and the number of drops that dissolve in water indicate the strength of the evil eye.
There is another form of the "test" where the "healer" prepares a few cloves by piercing each one with a pin. Then she lights a candle and grabs a pinned clove with a pair of scissors. She then uses it to do the sign of the cross over the afflicted whilst the afflicted is asked to think of a person who may have given him the evil eye. Then the healer holds the clove over the flame. If the clove burns silently, there is no evil eye present; however, if the clove explodes or burns noisily, that means the person in the thoughts of the afflicted is the one who has cast the evil eye.[citation needed] As the clove explodes, the evil eye is released from the afflicted. Cloves that burn with some noise are considered to be λόγια - words - someone foul-mouthing you that you ought to be wary of. The burned cloves are extinguished into a glass of water and are later buried in the garden along with the pins as they are considered to be contaminated. Greek people will also ward off the evil eye by saying φτου να μη σε ματιάξω! which translates to "I spit so that I won't give you the evil eye." Contrary to popular belief, the evil eye is not necessarily given by someone wishing you ill, but it stems from admiration. Since it is technically possible to give yourself the evil eye, it is advised to be humble.
The Greek Fathers accepted the traditional belief in the evil eye, but attributed it to the Devil and envy. In Greek theology, the evil eye or vaskania (βασκανία) is considered harmful for the one whose envy inflicts it on others as well as for the sufferer. The Greek Church has an ancient prayer against vaskania from the Megan Hieron Synekdemon (Μέγαν Ιερόν Συνέκδημον) book of prayers.[citation needed]
Italy[edit]
Various evil eye amulets from Italy such as the cornicello, cimaruta, and lunula (1895).
The cornicello, "little horn", also called the cornetto ("little horn", plural cornetti), is a long, gently twisted horn-shaped amulet. Cornicelli are usually carved out of red coral or made from gold or silver. The type of horn they are intended to copy is not a curled-over sheep horn or goat horn but rather like the twisted horn of an African eland or a chili pepper.[25]
One idea that the ribald suggestions made by sexual symbols distract the witch from the mental effort needed to successfully bestow the curse. Another is that since the effect of the eye was to dry up liquids, the drying of the phallus (resulting in male impotence) would be averted by seeking refuge in the moist female genitals. Among the ancient Romans and their cultural descendants in the Mediterranean nations, those who were not fortified with phallic charms had to make use of sexual gestures to avoid the eye. Such gestures include the mano cornuta gesture and the fig sign; a fist with the thumb pressed between the index and middle fingers, representing the phallus within the vagina. In addition to the phallic talismans, statues of hands in these gestures, or covered with magical symbols, were carried by the Romans as talismans. In Latin America, carvings of the fist with the thumb pressed between the index and middle fingers continue to be carried as good luck charms.
Two handsigns (fig sign and horned sign) used in Italy against the evil eye (1914).
The wielder of the evil eye, the jettatore, is described as having a striking facial appearance, high arching brows with a stark stare that leaps from his black eyes. He often has a reputation for clandestine involvement with dark powers and is the object of gossip about dealings in magic and other forbidden practices. Successful men having tremendous personal magnetism quickly gain notoriety as jettatori. Pope Pius IX was dreaded for his evil eye, and a whole cycle of stories about the disasters that happened in his wake were current in Rome during the latter decades of the 19th century. Public figures of every type, from poets to gangsters, have had their specialized abilities attributed to the power of their eyes.[26]
Spain and Latin America[edit]
The evil eye or 'Mal de Ojo' has been deeply embedded in Spanish popular culture throughout its history and Spain is the origin of this superstition in Latin America.
In Mexico and Central America, infants are considered at special risk for the evil eye (see mal de ojo, above) and are often given an amulet bracelet as protection, typically with an eye-like spot painted on the amulet. Another preventive measure is allowing admirers to touch the infant or child; in a similar manner, a person wearing an item of clothing that might induce envy may suggest to others that they touch it or some other way dispel envy.
One traditional cure in rural Mexico involves a curandero (folk healer) sweeping a raw chicken egg over the body of a victim to absorb the power of the person with the evil eye. The egg is later broken into a glass with water and placed under the bed of the patient near the head. Sometimes it is checked immediately because the egg appears as if it has been cooked. When this happens it means that the patient did have Mal De Ojo. Somehow the Mal De Ojo has transferred to the egg and the patient immediately gets well. (Fever, pain and diarrhea, nausea/vomiting goes away instantly) In the traditional Hispanic culture of the Southwestern United States and some parts of Mexico, the egg may be passed over the patient in a cross-shaped pattern all over the body, while reciting The Lord's Prayer. The egg is also placed in a glass with water, under the bed and near the head, sometimes it is examined right away or in the morning and if the egg looks like it has been cooked then it means that they did have Mal de Ojo and the patient will start feeling better. Sometimes if the patient starts getting ill and someone knows that they had stared at patient, usually a child, if the person who stared goes to the child and touches them, the child's illness goes away immediately so the Mal De Ojo energy is released.[27]
In some parts of South America the act of ojear, which could be translated as to give someone the evil eye, is an involuntary act. Someone may ojear babies, animals and inanimate objects just by staring and admiring them. This may produce illness, discomfort or possibly death on babies or animals and failures on inanimate objects like cars or houses. It's a common belief that since this is an involuntary act made by people with the heavy look, the proper way of protection is by attaching a red ribbon to the animal, baby or object, in order to attract the gaze to the ribbon rather than to the object intended to be protected.[28]
Brazil[edit]
Brazilians generally will associate mal-olhado, mau-olhado ("act of giving a bad look") or olho gordo ("fat eye" i.e. "gluttonous eye") with envy or jealousy on domestic and garden plants (that, after months or years of health and beauty, will suddenly weaken, wither and die, with no apparent signs of pest, after the visitation of a certain friend or relative), attractive hair and less often economic or romantic success and family harmony.
Unlike in most cultures mal-olhado is not seen to be something that risks young babies. "Pagans" or non-baptized children are instead assumed to be at risk from bruxas (witches), that have malignant intention themselves rather than just mal-olhado. It probably reflects the Galician folktales about the meigas or Portuguese magas, (witches), as Colonial Brazil was primarily settled by Portuguese people, in numbers greater than all Europeans to settle pre-independence United States. Those bruxas are interpreted to have taken the form of moths, often very dark, that disturb children at night and take away their energy. For that reason, Christian Brazilians often have amulets in the form of crucifixes around, beside or inside beds where children sleep.
Nevertheless, older children, especially boys, that fulfill the cultural ideals of behaving extremely well (for example, having no problems whatsoever in eating well a great variety of foods, being obedient and respectful toward adults, kind, polite, studious, and demonstrating no bad blood with other children or their siblings) who unexpectedly turn into problematic adolescents or adults (for example lacking good health habits, extreme laziness or lacking motivation towards their life goals, having eating disorders, or being prone to delinquency), are said to have been victims of mal-olhado coming from parents of children whose behavior was not as admirable.
Amulets that protect against mal-olhado tend to be generally resistant, mildly to strongly toxic and dark plants in specific and strategic places of a garden or the entry to a house. Those include comigo-ninguém-pode ("against-me-nobody-cans"), Dieffenbachia (the dumbcane), espada-de-são-jorge ("St. George's sword"), Sansevieria trifasciata (the snake plant or mother-in-law's tongue) and guiné ("Guinea"), among various other names, Petiveria alliacea (the guinea henweed). For those lacking in space or wanting to "sanitize" specific places, they may all be planted together in a single sete ervas ("seven [lucky] herbs") pot, that will also include arruda (common rue), pimenteira (Capsicum annuum), manjericão (basil) and alecrim (rosemary).[29] (Though the last four ones should not be used for their common culinary purposes by humans.) Other popular amulets against evil eye include: the use of mirrors, on the outside of your home's front door, or also inside your home facing your front door; an elephant figurine with its back to the front door; and coarse salt, placed in specific places at home.[30]
Mexico[edit]
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Mal ojo often occurs without the dimension of envy, but insofar as envy is a part of ono, it is a variant of this underlying sense of insecurity and relative vulnerability to powerful, hostile forces in the environment. In her study of medical attitudes in the Santa Clara Valley of California, Margaret Clark arrives at essentially the same conclusion: "Among the Spanish-speaking folk of Sal si Puedes, the patient is regarded as a passive and innocent victim of malevolent forces in his environment. These forces may be witches, evil spirits, the consequences of poverty, or virulent bacteria that invade his body. The scapegoat may be a visiting social worker who unwittingly 'cast the evil eye' ... Mexican folk concepts of disease are based in part on the notion that people can be victimized by the careless or malicious behavior of others".[citation needed]
Another aspect of the mal ojo syndrome in Ixtepeji is a disturbance of the hot-cold equilibrium in the victim. According to folk belief, the bad effects of an attack result from the "hot" force of the aggressor entering the child's body and throwing it out of balance. Currier has shown how the Mexican hot-cold system is an unconscious folk model of social relations upon which social anxieties are projected. According to Currier, "the nature of Mexican peasant society is such that each individual must continuously attempt to achieve a balance between two opposing social forces: the tendency toward intimacy and that toward withdrawal. [It is therefore proposed] that the individual's continuous preoccupation with achieving a balance between 'heat' and 'cold' is a way of reenacting, in symbolic terms, a fundamental activity in social relations."[31]
India[edit]
Main article: Nazar Battu
In North India, the evil eye is called "Drishti" (meaning gaze or vision) or more commonly as Buri Nazar. A charm bracelet, tattoo or other object (Nazar battu), or a slogan (Chashme Baddoor (slogan)), may be used to ward-off the evil eye. Some truck owners write the slogan to ward off the evil eye: "buri nazar wale tera muh kala" ("O evil-eyed one, may your face turn black").
In general in India, if gone through time up to historical myths, babies and newborn infants will have their eye adorned with kajal, or eyeliner. This would be black, as it is believed in India that black wards off the evil eye or any evil auras. In South India (Andhra Pradesh), people call it as 'Disti' or 'Drusti'. To remove Disti people follow several methods based on their culture/area. Items used to remove Disti either Rock salt or Red chilies or Oiled cloth. Taking one of this item, people remove Disti by rotating their hand with one of the item above around the person who affected by Disti and they will burn the item.[32]
United States[edit]
In 1946, the American magician Henri Gamache published a text called Terrors of the Evil Eye Exposed! (later reprinted as Protection against Evil), which offers directions to defend oneself against the evil eye.[33]
Media and press coverage[edit]
In some cultures over-complimenting is said to cast a curse. So does envy. Since ancient times such maledictions have been collectively called the evil eye. According to the book The Evil Eye by folklorist Alan Dundes,[34] the belief's premise is that an individual can cause harm simply by looking at another's person or property. However, protection is easy to come by with talismans that can be worn, carried, or hung in homes, most often incorporating the contours of a human eye. In Aegean countries, people with light-colored eyes are thought to be particularly powerful, and amulets in Greece and Turkey are usually blue orbs. Indians, Muslims, and Jews use charms with palm-forward hands with an eye in the center; Italians employ horns, phallic shapes meant to distract spell casters.[35]
Names in various languages[edit]
In most languages, the name translates literally into English as "bad eye", "evil eye", "evil look", or just "the eye". Some variants on this general pattern from around the world are:
In Albanian it is known as "syri i keq" (Standart and Tosk), or as "syni keq" (Gheg) meaning "bad eye". Also "mësysh" is used commonly, meaning "cast an evil eye".
In Arabic, ʿayn al-ḥasūd, عين الحسود, "the eye of envy". ʿAyn ḥārrah (عين حارّة) is also used, literally translating to "hot eye".
In Armenian, char atchk (չար աչքն) "evil eye" or "bad eye". Regarding the act of giving an evil gaze, it is said (directly translated), "to give with the eye" or in Armenian, "atchkov tal".
In Azerbaijani, "Göz dəyməsi" – translating as being struck by an eye
In Chinese it is called 邪惡之眼 (Hant) / 邪恶之眼 (Hans) (xié è zhī yǎn, literally "evil eye")
In Dutch it is called "het boze oog", literally "the malicious eye" or "the angry eye"
In Galician, it is called "meigallo", from meiga, "witch" (and maybe -allo, diminutive or aumentative suffix; or contracted with either ollo, "eye"; or allo, "garlic").
In German, it is called "böser Blick", literally "evil gaze".
In Greek, to matiasma (μάτιασμα) or mati (μάτι) someone refers to the act of casting the evil eye (mati being the Greek word for eye); also: vaskania (βασκανία, the Greek word for jinx)[36]
In Hebrew, ʿáyin hā-ráʿ (עַיִן הָרַע, "eye of evil")
In Hindustani and other languages of South Asia, (Hindi: nazar (नज़र); nazar lagna (नज़र लगना)) means to be afflicted by the evil eye. (However, it generally has no evil connotations because a doting mother's eye can supposedly also cause harm.) In Urdu, another variant of Hindustani, nazar" (نظر)"Chashm-é bad"( چشمِ بد) ; nazar lagna means to be afflicted by the evil eye.
In Hungarian, gonosz szem means "evil eye", but more widespread is the expression szemmelverés (lit. "beating with eye"), which refers to the supposed/alleged act of harming one by an evil look
In Irish, the term drochshúil is used for the 'evil eye', being a compound of 'droch' (bad, poor, evil, ill) and 'súil (eye). This can also be used to refer to someone with weak eyesight.
In Italian, the word malocchio refers to the evil eye.
In Japanese it is known as "邪視" ("jashi").
In Kannada, it is called "drishti". (But cf. "Drishti (yoga)".)
In Ke/Tz Luo, it is called "Sihoho/Juog wang'".
In Macedonian it is known as урокливо око.
In Malayalam it is known as kannu veykkuka – to cast an evil eye while "kannu peduka" means to be on the receiving end of the malefic influence. "kannu dosham" refers to a bad effect caused by an evil eye.
In Neapolitan it is known as "'o mma'uocchje" which translates literally into "the evil/bad/maleficent eye", which afflicts people, especially women and children who are supposedly the most vulnerable, with multiple issues and problems, stemming from pre-natal issues, miscarriages, early childhood death or sickness or death of a mother during birth, as well as afflicting women with infertility, sexual problems, early widowhood, etc., while afflicted men suffer from cancer, laziness, greed, gluttony, and other diseases, disabilities and ailments.
In Persian it is known as "چشم زخم" (injurious look/eyes causing injury) or "چشم شور" (omen eye)[37] "Cheshmeh Hasood", meaning Jealous eye, or "Cheshme Nazar" meaning evil eye.
In Polish it is known as "złe oko" or "złe spojrzenie".
In Pashto it is known as"بدو سترګو وهل"(bado stargo wahal)and also "نظر وهل"(Nazar wahal)
In Portuguese, it is called "mau olhado", ou "olho gordo" (literally "fat eye"). The first expression is used in Portugal and second one is more common in Brazil.
In Romanian, it is known as "deochi", meaning literally "un-eye".
In Russian, "дурной глаз" (durnoy glaz) means "bad/evil eye"; "сглаз" (sglaz) literally means "from eye".
In Sanskrit, an ancient Indo-Aryan language, it is called "drishti dosha" (दृष्टि दोष) meaning malice caused by evil eye. (But cf. "drishti (yoga)".)
In Serbo-Croatian (Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian and Montenegrin), it is called Urokljivo oko (Cyr. Урокљиво око).[38] First word is adjective of the word urok/урок, which means spell or curse, and the second one means eye.
In Somali, it is called "il", or "Ilaaco" or "Qumayo" ( first word literally meaning "eye" and the other two words meaning envy eye)
In Spanish, mal de ojo literally means "evil from the eye" as the name does not refer to the actual eye but to the evil that supposedly comes from it. Casting the evil eye is then echar mal de ojo, i.e. "to cast evil from the eye".[39]
In Tamil, "கண் படுதல்" (kan padudhal) literally means "casting an eye" (with an intention to cause harm). "கண்ணூறு" (kannooru) "harm from the eye"
In Turkish kem göz means evil eye and the cure is having a "nazar boncuğu", the nazar amulet.
See also[edit]
John Phillip, The Evil Eye (1859), a self-portrait depicting the artist sketching a Spanish gypsy who thinks she is being given the evil eye.
Amulet
Balor of the Evil Eye – a character in Irish legend
Basilisk – Death glance/petrifying glance
Cockatrice – Death glance/petrifying glance
Cornicello – Italian amulet used to ward off the evil eye
Envy
Eye bead
Eye of Horus – an Ancient Egyptian symbol of protection and power against evil.
Eye of Providence – a symbol showing an eye surrounded by rays of light or a glory, and usually enclosed by a triangle.
Eye of Sauron – a fictional eye from The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien
Hamsa
Harmal
Lashon hara – Jewish concept of the "evil tongue"
Matthew 6:23 "If thine eye be evil" – The evil eye as ungenerosity of spirit, hence darkness / blindness / evil itself. (A saying of Jesus.)
Medusa and Gorgon – Petrification glance (Stone glance), picture also used on as protection from evil eye.
Mirror armour, which is believed as protection not from only cold steel and arrows, but also from evil eye
Nazar
Chasme Battu – from North India and Pakistan
Red string (Kabbalah)
Scopophobia
Sign of the horns – horned hand gesture used for warding off the Evil Eye and other purposes
Thousand mile stare – a relatively common phenomenon that may be mistaken for the evil eye.
Usog – a Filipino version.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ross, C (2010). "Hypothesis:The Electrophysicological Basis of the Evil Eye Belief". Anthropology of Consciousness. 21: 47. doi:10.1111/j.1556-3537.2010.01020.x.
Jump up ^ "Definition for "evil eye" from Merriam Webster Dictionary". Merriam-webster.com. 2012-08-31.
Jump up ^ "evil eye (occult)". Encyclopædia Britannica.
Jump up ^ Ulmer, Rivka (1994). KTAV Publishing House, Inc., ed. The evil eye in the Bible and in rabbinic literature. p. 176. ISBN 0-88125-463-0.
Jump up ^ "USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts". Usc.edu.
Jump up ^ "Du'a – What to say when in fear of afflicting something or someone with one?s eye". Makedua.com.
Jump up ^ Cora Lynn Daniels, et al., eds, Encyclopædia of Superstitions, Folklore, and the Occult Sciences of the World (Volume III), p. 1273, Univ. Press of the Pacific, Honolulu, ISBN 1-4102-0916-4
Jump up ^ "He may sound like a Dalek doing a bad impression of Kenneth Williams, but why DO so many BBC stars want to exterminate Pesto?". Daily Mail. 18 November 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Erbek, Güran (1998). Kilim Catalogue No. 1. May Selçuk A. S. Edition=1st.
Jump up ^ Definition of the evil eye, and ways of protecting oneself against it and treating it, Islam Questions and Answers
Jump up ^ Sindidi. Daaraykamil.com
Jump up ^ Sindidi. Al-himma.com
Jump up ^ Dracula, Bram Stoker's novel 1897 edition online. p. ?
Jump up ^ "Evil Eye in Judaism". My Jewish Learning.
Jump up ^ Chapters of the Fathers, Translation & Commentary by Samson Raphael Hirsch, Feldheim Publishers, ISBN 0-87306-182-9 pg. 32
Jump up ^ Joyce Eisenberg and Ellen Scolnic. "The Whole Spiel: Funny essays about digital nudniks, seder selfies and chicken soup memories," Incompra Press, ISBN 978-0-692-72625-9 pg. 153
^ Jump up to: a b Lonely Planet Middle East.Lonely Planet; 6 edition, 2009, p. 559.
Jump up ^ Stoltz, Dustin (May 26, 2012). "The Evil Eye and Mountain Karma in Azerbaijan". www.dustinstoltz.com.
Jump up ^ Turner, John W. "Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity: Faith and practices". A Country Study: Ethiopia. Thomas P. Ofcansky and LaVerle Berry, eds. Washington: Library of Congress Federal Research Division, 1991.
Jump up ^ Kemp, Charles. "Ethiopians & Eritreans." Refugee Health – Immigrant Health. Waco, TX: Baylor University.
Jump up ^ Finneran, Niall. "Ethiopian Evil Eye Belief and the Magical Symbolism of Iron Working." Folklore, Vol. 114, 2003.
Jump up ^ Geleta, Amsalu Tadesse. "Case Study: Demonization and the Practice of Exorcism in Ethiopian Churches Archived 2010-01-01 at the Wayback Machine.". Lausanne Committee for World Evangelization, Nairobi, August 2000.
Jump up ^ Ghilzai, S.A., and Kanwal, A. (2016) Semiotic Analysis of Evil Eye Beliefs among Pakistani Cultures and their Predetermined Behaviour. Research Issues in social sciences, 47-67.
Jump up ^ Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions. 2000, p. 69. ISBN 0877790442.
Jump up ^ Lucky Mojo. "The Corno (Italian Horn Amulet)". Retrieved 9 February 2015.
Jump up ^ Maloney, Clarence. The Evil Eye. New York: Columbia UP, 1976. p. 29. ISBN 0-231-04006-7.
Jump up ^ "Medical Anthropology: Explanations of Illness". Archived from the original on 2012-08-17.
Jump up ^ Flórez, Franz. "El Mal de Ojo de la Etnografía Clásica y La Limpia Posmoderna" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-27.
Jump up ^ Guizetti, Franco. "Conheça o poder e a proteção das sete ervas" (in Portuguese). Retrieved Jan 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ Caires, Olivia. "Proteja sua casa do mau olhado" (in Portuguese). Retrieved February 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ Maloney, Clarence. The Evil Eye. New York: Columbia UP, 1976. p. 184. ISBN 0-231-04006-7.
Jump up ^ Amariglio, Jack; Cullenberg, Stephen E; Ruccio, David F (2013). Post-Modernism, Economics and Knowledge. Routledge. pp. 217–. ISBN 978-1-134-83668-0.
Jump up ^ Gamache, Henri (1946) Terrors of the Evil Eye Exposed Raymond Publishing, New York, OCLC 9989883; reprinted in 1969 as Protection Against Evil Dorene, Dallas, Texas, OCLC 39132235
Jump up ^ Dundes, Alan (ed.) (1992) The Evil Eye: A Casebook University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin, ISBN 0-299-13334-6; originally published in 1981 by Garland Publishing, New York
Jump up ^ Rizzo, Johnna (April 2013) National Geographic Magazine
Jump up ^ Vaskania (Βασκανία) in Εγκυκλοπαιδικό Λεξικό Ελευθερουδάκη, (Encyclopedic Lexicon Eleftheroudakis) ed. 1928
Jump up ^ loghatnaameh.com. "Dictionary of Dehkhoda – لغت‌نامه دهخدا". Loghatnaameh.com. Archived from the original on 2011-07-18.
Jump up ^ "Hakim Bey: Urokljivo oko (evil eye)". Kontrapunkt. February 7, 2006. Retrieved 3 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "Real Academia Española de la Lengua. Diccionario Usual" (in Spanish). Buscon.rae.es.
Further reading[edit]
Borthwick, E. Kerr (2001) "Socrates, Socratics, and the Word ΒΛΕΠΕΔΑΙΜΩΝ" The Classical Quarterly New Series, 51(1): pp. 297–301
Dickie, Mathew W. (January 1991) "Heliodorus and Plutarch on the Evil Eye" Classical Philology 86(1): pp. 17–29
Elliott, John H. (2015) Beware the Evil Eye: The Evil Eye in the Bible and the Ancient World: Volume 1: Introduction, Mesopotamia, and Egypt. Eugene, OR: Cascade.
Elliott, John H. (2016) Beware the Evil Eye: The Evil Eye in the Bible and the Ancient World: Volume 2: Greece and Rome. Eugene, OR: Cascade.
Elworthy, Frederick Thomas (1895) The Evil Eye. An Account of this Ancient & Widespread Superstition John Murray, London, OCLC 2079005; reprinted in 2004 as: The Evil Eye: The Classic Account of an Ancient Superstition Dover Publications, Mineola, New York, ISBN 0-486-43437-0 (online text)
Gifford, Edward S. (1958) The Evil Eye: Studies in the Folklore of Vision Macmillan, New York, OCLC 527256
Jones, Louis C. (1951) "The Evil Eye among European-Americans" Western Folklore 10(1): pp. 11–25
Limberis, Vasiliki (April 1991) "The Eyes Infected by Evil: Basil of Caesarea's Homily" The Harvard Theological Review 84(2): pp. 163–184
Lykiardopoulos, Amica (1981) "The Evil Eye: Towards an Exhaustive Study" Folklore 92(2): pp. 221–230
Meerloo, Joost Abraham Maurits (1971) Intuition and the Evil Eye: The Natural History of a Superstition Servire, Wassenaar, Netherlands, OCLC 415660
Slone, Kathleen Warner and Dickie, M.W. (1993) "A Knidian Phallic Vase from Corinth" Hesperia 62(4): pp. 483–505
Mal de ojo
External links[edit]
This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. (March 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Look up evil eye in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Evil Eye.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Evil eye.
The Evil Eye Protection in History
The Evil Eye Meaning
A Discourse on the Worship of Priapus by Richard Payne Knight (1786), mentions phallic charms against the Evil Eye in ancient Rome.
The Evil Eye at Fortean Times
The Evil Eye by Frederick Thomas Elworthy
Evil Eye by Hakim Bey
What is an "Ayin Hara" (evil eye)? – "Ask the Rabbi" at Ohr Somayach
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