text:
Hotel rating
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (April 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
"Five-star superior" rating at the Hotel Vier Jahreszeiten Kempinski in Munich, Germany
Hotel ratings are often used to classify hotels according to their quality. From the initial purpose of informing travellers on basic facilities that can be expected, the objectives of hotel rating has expanded into a focus on the hotel experience as a whole.[1] Today the terms 'grading', 'rating', and 'classification' are used to generally refer to the same concept, that is to categorize hotels.
There is a wide variety of rating schemes used by different organizations around the world. Many have a system involving stars, with a greater number of stars indicating greater luxury. Forbes Travel Guide, formerly Mobil Travel Guide, launched its star rating system in 1958. The AAA and their affiliated bodies use diamonds instead of stars to express hotel and restaurant ratings levels.
Food services, entertainment, view, room variations such as size and additional amenities, spas and fitness centers, ease of access and location may be considered in establishing a standard. Hotels are independently assessed in traditional systems and rest heavily on the facilities provided. Some consider this disadvantageous to smaller hotels whose quality of accommodation could fall into one class but the lack of an item such as an elevator would prevent it from reaching a higher categorization.[2]
In recent years hotel rating systems have also been criticised by some who argue that the rating criteria for such systems are overly complex and difficult for laypersons to understand.
Contents
[hide]
1 Standards of hotel classification
1.1 Hotel classifications by country
1.1.1 Australia
1.1.2 Great Britain
1.1.3 Philippines
1.2 European Hotelstars Union
2 World hotel rating
3 More than five stars
4 Alternative Hotel Ratings
4.1 Green Key
4.2 Green Globe
4.3 Salam Standard
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Standards of hotel classification[edit]
The more common classification systems include "star" rating, letter grading, from "A" to "F", such as hotels and motels. Systems using terms such as Deluxe/Luxury, First Class/Superior, Tourist Class/Standard, and Budget Class/Economy are more widely accepted as hotel types, rather than hotel standard.
Some countries have rating by a single public standard—Belgium, Denmark, Greece, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and Hungary have laws defining the hotel rating. In Germany, Austria and Switzerland, the rating is defined by the respective hotel industry association using a five-star system—the German classifications are Tourist (*), Standard (**), Comfort (***)c, First Class (****) and Luxury (*****), with the mark "Superior" to flag extras beyond the minimum defined in the standard, but not enough to move the hotel up to the next tier ranking. The Swiss hotel rating was the first non-government formal hotel classification beginning in 1979[3] It influenced the hotel classification in Austria and Germany.[3] The formal hotel classification of the DEHOGA (German Hotel and Restaurant Association) started on August 1, 1996 and proved very successful with 80% of guests citing the hotel stars as the main criteria in hotel selection.[4] This implementation influenced the creation of a common European Hotelstars rating system that started in 2010 (see below).
In France, the rating is defined by the public tourist board Atout France using a four-star system (plus "L" for Luxus) which has changed to a five-star system from 2009 on.[5] In South Africa, the Tourist Grading Council of South Africa has strict rules for a hotel types granting up to 5 stars. In India, the classification of hotels is based on two categories such as "Star" and "Heritage". Hotels in India are classified by Hotel and Restaurant Association Classification Committee (HRACC), Ministry of Tourism, India.[6] In New Zealand, hotels and other tourism services are graded by Qualmark, which is owned by Tourism New Zealand, a government organisation.[7]
Hotel classifications by country[edit]
Australia[edit]
In Australia the independent accommodation rating scheme and Star Rating trademarks (the 'stars') are owned by the Australian Auto Clubs – the NRMA, RACV, RACQ, RAC, RAA and RACT. A Star Rating represents the quality and condition of guest facilities and is determined by more than 200 criteria that have been ranked by Australian travellers according to what's important to them. Star Ratings are awarded to properties across six accommodation types – hotels, motels, serviced apartments, self-catering, hosted accommodation and caravan-holiday parks – following a physical inspection by qualified reviewers.
In 2015 Star Ratings Australia became one of the first independent accommodation classification systems in the world to incorporate a consumer 'voice'. An exclusive Travellers' Rating is presented in parallel to the independent Star Rating and is an aggregate of past guest ratings and reviews from more than 100 websites in 45 different languages. A property must have a minimum of 25 reviews (across all sites) to produce an aggregate Travellers' Rating. Weighting applies to the popularity of the source site and the date of the last guest review. The William Angliss Institute in Melbourne has developed an independent benchmarking framework to show if a property has met or exceeded guest expectations.
Star Ratings in Australia stand for independently reviewed quality standards and are easily defined:
On 28 Feb 17, Michael Reed CEO Australian Motoring Services, advised clients via email of the closure of Star Ratings Australia effective from mid 2017.
Australia's star ratings have been operating since the 1950s first with the state based automobile clubs, than about 10 years ago with AAA Tourism as a peak body. However the booking service in the motoring clubs was not continued and later the annual accommodation guide book ceased to be printed with the accommodation guide going on-line. Finally AAA Tourism closed a few years ago and Star Ratings Australia continued the inspection and star rating service only as well as the accommodation website. Reed asked clients to remove star rating and automobile club logos from their accommodation and promotional information by mid year. Competition from international websites lead to its demise.
Star Rating
Overview of Criteria according to Star Ratings Australia
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ {\displaystyle \bigstar \bigstar \bigstar \bigstar \bigstar } Properties that typify luxury across all areas of operation. Guests will enjoy an extensive range of facilities and comprehensive or highly personalised services. Properties at this level will display excellent design quality and attention to detail.
★ ★ ★ ★ {\displaystyle \bigstar \bigstar \bigstar \bigstar } Properties which achieve a deluxe guest experience. A wide range of facilities and superior design qualities are typically complemented by service standards that reflect the varied and discerning needs of the guest.
★ ★ ★ {\displaystyle \bigstar \bigstar \bigstar } Properties that deliver a broad range of amenities that exceed above-average accommodation needs. Good quality service, design and physical attributes are typically fit for purpose to match guest expectations.
★ ★ {\displaystyle \bigstar \bigstar } Properties that focus on the needs of price conscious travellers. Services and guest facilities are typically limited to keep room rates affordable and competitive but may be available upon request or fee-based.
★ {\displaystyle \bigstar } Properties that offer budget facilities without compromising cleanliness or guest security. Guests may access fee-based services or facilities upon request.
Half-star ratings indicate modest improvements in the quality and condition of guest facilities.
Great Britain[edit]
In Great Britain hotels are rated from one-star to five stars. The RAC pulled out of accommodation grading in 2008 so the only grading schemes in operation are those operated by the AA (Automobile Association) and the national tourist boards: Visit England, Visit Wales, the Scottish Tourist Board and the Northern Ireland Tourist Board. The schemes were all 'harmonised' to ensure consistency between the schemes. This applies to all accommodation types apart from self-catering that the AA started offering in 2009. The AA criteria are available on its website.[8][9] In addition to the usual black stars (ranging from one (the lowest) to five (the highest), the AA awards red stars to the highest-rated, which are deemed 'Inspectors' Choice'. Each of the national tourist boards have grading explanations on their web sites.
Philippines[edit]
In the Philippines, the Department of Tourism has an accreditation system for hotels, apartment hotels and resorts. The current system which uses a "star system" which rates establishments from 1 to 5 stars was adopted in 2012.[10] The rating of the aforementioned facilities are determined through a points system. Hotels, apartment hotels, and resorts are graded according to their service, facility quality and condition, and business practices. The Department of Tourism classifies the criteria used into seven dimensions or "business area" namely: Arrival & Departure, Public Areas, Bedrooms, Food & Beverage, Lounge Area, Kitchen Area, Amenities, and Business Practices, all common to the three categories except Kitchen and Lounge Area which is only applicable to apartment hotels. 1,000 points is the maximum number of points an establishment can attain.[11]
Department of Tourism (DOT) Star Grading System
For Hotels, Resorts and Apartment Hotels[12]
Rating
Corresponding Points
Summary
Unranked 0–250 N/A
★ {\displaystyle \bigstar } 251–400 Has limited facilities and services. Appeals to "budget minded" tourists.
★ ★ {\displaystyle \bigstar \bigstar } 401–550 Appeals to tourists looking for more than basic accommodation. Has expanded facilities and "higher level" of comfort.
★ ★ ★ {\displaystyle \bigstar \bigstar \bigstar } 551–700 Accommodation is deemed "very good". More spacious public areas and higher quality facilities and a greater variety of services.
★ ★ ★ ★ {\displaystyle \bigstar \bigstar \bigstar \bigstar } 701–850 "Up-scale in all areas" and accommodation is "refined and stylish". Service is deemed responsive, and has an extensive array of facilities.
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ {\displaystyle \bigstar \bigstar \bigstar \bigstar \bigstar } 851–1000 Reflects characteristics of "luxury and sophistication". Facilities are deemed "world class in every manner" and services are deemed meticulous and "exceeding all guests' expectations".
European Hotelstars Union[edit]
The HOTREC (Hotels, Restaurants & Cafés in Europe) is an umbrella organization for 39 associations from 24 European countries. At a conference in Bergen in 2004, the partners drafted a hotel classification system in order to harmonize their national standards. In 2007 HOTREC launched the European Hospitality Quality scheme (EHQ) which has since accredited the existing national inspection bodies for hotel rating.
Under the patronage of HOTREC, the hotel associations of Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland created the Hotelstars Union.[13] On 14 September 2009, the Hotelstars Union classification system was established at a conference in Prague. This system became effective in these countries in January 2010, with the exception of Hungary, Switzerland and the Netherlands, who have chosen later dates for the change. Later more countries have joined the HOTREC hotelstars system: Estonia (2011), Latvia (2011), Lithuania (2011), Luxembourg (2011), Malta (2012), Belgium (2013), Denmark (2013) and Greece (2013).
The European Hotelstars Union system is based on the earlier German hotelstars system that had widely influenced the hotel classifications in central Europe, with five stars and a Superior mark to flag extras. Instead of a strict minimum in room size and required shower facilities (e.g. a bath tub in a four-star hotel) there is a catalogue of criteria with 21 qualifications encompassing 270 elements, where some are mandatory for a star and others optional. The main criteria are in quality management, wellness and sleeping accommodation.[14] In the catalogue of criteria each entry is associated with a number of points – each Hotelstars level requires a minimal sum of points besides some criteria being obligatory for the level.[15] The minimum requirement for the Superior flag requires the same sum of points as for the next Hotelstars level which however was not awarded due to at least one obligatory requirement being left out.[15]
For hotels with three to five stars, the Hotelstars Union will use "mystery guests" to check the service quality regularly.
Hotelstar
Excerpt of the catalogue of criteria
★ {\displaystyle \bigstar } Tourist
100% of the rooms with shower/WC or bath tub/WC
Daily room cleaning
100% of the rooms with colour-TV together with remote control
Table and chair
Soap or body wash
Reception service
Facsimile at the reception
Publicly available telephone for guests
Extended breakfast
Beverage offer in the hotel
Deposit possibility
★ S {\displaystyle \bigstar \mathbf {S} } Superior Tourist The Superior flag is provided when the additional service and accommodation provisions are not sufficient for the next Hotelstar. The bathroom facilities are usually at the same level as for two stars hotels but built from cheaper materials. The cost for regular inspection by independent associations is waived as well.
★ ★ {\displaystyle \bigstar \bigstar } Standard In addition to the single star (*) hotels:
Breakfast buffet
Reading light next to the bed
Bath essence or shower gel
Bath towels
Linen shelves
Offer of sanitary products (e.g. toothbrush, toothpaste, shaving kit)
Credit Cards
★ ★ S {\displaystyle \bigstar \bigstar \mathbf {S} } Superior Standard The Superior flag is provided when the additional service and accommodation provisions are not sufficient for the next Hotelstar. The Standard-Superior does usually offer the same service level as three-star hotels but the interiors of the hotel are smaller and cheaper so that the three stars were not to be awarded by the inspection body. A two-star superior does not require mystery guesting.
★ ★ ★ {\displaystyle \bigstar \bigstar \bigstar } Comfort In addition to the standard star (**) hotels:
Reception opened 14 hours, accessible by phone 24 hours from inside and outside, bilingual staff (e.g. German/English)
Three piece suite at the reception, luggage service
Beverage offer in the room
Telephone in the room
Internet access in the room or in the public area
Heating facility in the bathroom, hair-dryer, cleansing tissue
Dressing mirror, place to put the luggage/suitcase
Sewing kit, shoe polish utensils, laundry and ironing service
Additional pillow and additional blanket on demand
Systematic complaint management system
★ ★ ★ S {\displaystyle \bigstar \bigstar \bigstar \mathbf {S} } Superior Comfort The Superior flag is provided when the additional service and accommodation provisions are not sufficient for the next Hotelstar. The accommodation facilities for a superior hotel need to be on a modern level and fully renovated which is checked regularly.
★ ★ ★ ★ {\displaystyle \bigstar \bigstar \bigstar \bigstar } First Class In addition to the comfort star (***) hotels:
Reception opened 18 hours, accessible by phone 24 hours from inside and outside
Lobby with seats and beverage service
Breakfast buffet or breakfast menu card via room service
Minibar or 24 hours beverages via room service
Upholstered chair/couch with side table
Bath robe and slippers on demand
Cosmetic products (e.g. shower cap, nail file, cotton swabs), vanity mirror, tray of a large scale in the bathroom
Internet access and internet terminal
"À la carte"-restaurant
★ ★ ★ ★ S {\displaystyle \bigstar \bigstar \bigstar \bigstar \mathbf {S} } First Class Superior The Superior flag is provided when the first class hotel has a proven high quality not only in the rooms. The superior hotels provide for additional facilities in the hotel like a sauna or a workout room. The quality is checked regularly by mystery guesting of an external inspection service.
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ {\displaystyle \bigstar \bigstar \bigstar \bigstar \bigstar } Luxury In addition to the first class (****) hotels:
Reception opened 24 hours, multilingual staff
Doorman-service or valet parking
Concierge, page boy
Spacious reception hall with several seats and beverage service
Personalized greeting for each guest with fresh flowers or a present in the room
Minibar and food and beverage offer via room service during 24 hours
Personal care products in flacons
Internet-PC in the room
Safe in the room
Ironing service (return within 1 hour), shoe polish service
Turndown service in the evening
Mystery guesting
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ S {\displaystyle \bigstar \bigstar \bigstar \bigstar \bigstar \mathbf {S} } Superior Luxury The Luxury star hotels need to attain high expectations of an international guest service. The Superior Luxury star is only awarded with a system of intensive guest care.
World hotel rating[edit]
This section needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (June 2012)
There is so far no international classification which has been adopted. There have been attempts at unifying the classification system so that it becomes an internationally recognized and a reliable standard, but they have all failed.
It has been considered that, as it has been the case in other areas (e.g. international accounting standards), hotel classification standards should result from a private and independent initiative. This may be the case of the World Hotel Rating (WHR) project, which notably aims to set international classification standards and rating criteria along the lines of a world star-rating system. It will also establish an information platform on the hotel industry which will be multilingual and multicultural. WHR intends to play a key role in the development of quality hotel services, as well as equitable and sustainable tourism, and the protection of the world's cultural and natural heritage. In addition, WHR will develop labels to promote hotels distinguished by specific features, such as a family and child-friendly disposition. A test period was scheduled for 2010.
More than five stars[edit]
Some hotels have been advertised as seven star hotels. The Burj Al Arab hotel in Dubai was opened in 1998 with a butler for every room – this has been the first hotel being widely described as a "seven-star" property, but the hotel says the label originates from an unnamed British journalist on a press trip and that they neither encourage its use nor do they use it in their advertising. Similarly the Emirates Palace Hotel in Abu Dhabi (open since 2005) is sometimes described as seven star as well, but the hotel uses only a five star rating.
The Galleria in Milan, Italy was opened in 2007 and it claims to have a seven star certificate from SGS Italy2008.[16] However the SGS Italy (not the official tourism agency) only has five stars in the general hotel stars categorization, with the full title of the certificate being left unknown, just as the renewal process is unknown. Overall, as no traditional organization or formal body awards or recognizes any rating over five-star deluxe,[17] such claims are meaningless and predominantly used for advertising purposes.
Historically, luxury hotels have used the membership in The Leading Hotels of the World to document regular inspection on an additional level. This organization had been formed in 1928 and it reorganized in 1971 introducing a worldwide inspection service.
Alternative Hotel Ratings[edit]
In recent years, alternative hotel ratings are starting to appear in an effort to promote sustainability or cultural diversity in international tourism.[18]
Green Key[edit]
Green Key is a voluntary eco classification awarded to around 2370 hotels and other establishments in 52 countries.[19] In 2009, Fairmont Hotels & Resorts joined the Green Key program.[20]
Green Globe[edit]
Green Globe is the global certification for sustainable tourism. Membership is reserved for companies and organizations who are committed to making positive contributions to the planet.[21] The Green Building Initiative (GBI) acquired the U. S. rights to the Canadian Green Globes building assessment and certification for the program in 2004 and adapted it for the U.S. market.
Salam Standard[edit]
Salam Standard is a classification system for Muslim-friendly hotels.[22] Hotels can get certified based on certain Muslim-friendly criteria such as offering prayer mats, removing alcohol from the room and offering halal restaurant recommendations and is divided into 4 tiers (bronze, silver, gold and platinum).[23] Archipelago Hotels, Indonesia's biggest hospitality firm, is a prominent member of the Salam Standard system.[24]
See also[edit]
AAA Five Diamond Award
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Hensens, Struwig & Dayan. "Guest-review criteria on TripAdvisor compared to conventional hotel-rating systems to assess hotel quality" (PDF). Eurochrie 2010. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
Jump up ^ Vine, P.A.L. (March 1981). "Hotel classification; art or science?". International Journal of Tourism Management. Elsevier Science Ltd. 2 (1): 18–29. doi:10.1016/0143-2516(81)90014-1. (Requires purchase of a document for $31.50)
^ Jump up to: a b ""History & development", hotelsterne.ch, accessed November 14, 2010, "In 1979, hotelleriesuisse (Swiss Hotel Association) introduced the hotel classification. This was the first and only worldwide private enterprise system of its kind. The system is internationally considered as exemplary, and has been repeatedly utilised as the basis for the development of a customised classification system (e.g. Germany, Austria)."". Hotelsterne.ch. 2012-06-01. Retrieved 2012-06-18.
Jump up ^ "Eine Erfolgsgeschichte: Zehn Jahre Deutsche Hotelklassifizierung". hotelsterne.de. 27 July 2006. press release. Retrieved 2012-06-12. Am 1. August 2006 feiert die Deutsche Hotelklassifizierung ihr zehnjähriges Bestehen." – "80 Prozent der Gäste geben an, dass die Sterne Hauptkriterium bei der Hotelauswahl sind, denn sie bieten Transparenz und Sicherheit
Jump up ^ "Hotel Rating System in France: Categories and Map - FrenchKPI". frenchkpi.com. 12 September 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Hotels and Restaurants". Government of India, Ministry of Tourism. 2014-05-29. Retrieved 2014-05-29.
Jump up ^ "Qualmark now 100% Tourism New Zealand owned". Tourism New Zealand. 8 September 2015. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "The AA Hotel Quality Standards" (PDF). TheAA. The AA UK. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "AA Hotel Recognition Scheme". Theaa.com. Retrieved 2012-06-18.
Jump up ^ "New Accreditation Standards for Hotels, Resorts, and Apartment Hotels". Philippine Tourism. Department of Tourism (Philippines). Retrieved 10 December 2016.
Jump up ^ National Accommodation Standards – Hotel (PDF). Department of Tourism (Philippines). May 2012. pp. v–45. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
Jump up ^ National Accommodation Standards – Hotel (PDF). Department of Tourism (Philippines). May 2012. p. 3. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "HOTELSTARS UNION – About us (English)". Hotelstars.eu. Retrieved 2012-06-18.
Jump up ^ "HOTELSTARS UNION – Criteria (English)". Hotelstars.eu. Retrieved 2012-06-18.
^ Jump up to: a b Hotelstars – Catalogue of Criteria[permanent dead link], see last page: (*) 90 minimum + 80 superior = (**) 170 minimum + 80 superior = (***) 250 minimum + 130 superior = (****) 380 minimum + 190 superior = (*****) 570 minimum + 80 superior – maximum points for all criteria: 860
Jump up ^ "Luxury five star Rooms in Milan – TownHouse Galleria". TownHouse Hotels. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "AFP: China plans $1.3bn 'seven-star hotel'". Google.com. 2011-01-07. Retrieved 2012-06-18.
Jump up ^ http://iecs.ulbsibiu.ro/IECS2010/section1/Rovinaru%20M,%20Rovinaru%20F.pdf
Jump up ^ "Intro". Green Key. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Fairmont Hotels & Resorts Joins Green Key Eco-Rating Program in United States". www.fairmont.com. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Green Globe - Green Globe Certification - Certified Sustainability". greenglobe.com. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
Jump up ^ http://www.salaamgateway.com/en/travel/story/salam_standard_launches_premium_rating_for_muslimfriendly_hotels_develops_api_for_mainstream_plugin_-salaam24042017135800/
Jump up ^ "The new hotel standard you should know about - Hotel News ME". hotelnewsme.com. 1 December 2015. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Company teams up with Salam Standard for certification". islamictravel.com. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
External links[edit]
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Hotel rating systems.
Forbes Travel Guide - Official site
Slate magazine article mentioning the phenomena of Seven star hotels
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hotel_rating&oldid=838506884"
Categories:
Hotel terminology
Star ranking systems
Rating systems
Hidden categories:
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from January 2018
Articles with permanently dead external links
Articles with limited geographic scope from April 2017
Wikipedia articles in need of updating from June 2012
All Wikipedia articles in need of updating
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikivoyage
Languages
العربية
Deutsch
Français
Hrvatski
Italiano
עברית
Nederlands
Norsk
Svenska
Tiếng Việt
3 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 27 April 2018, at 13:15.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

value: mw-page-base noprint

value: mw-head-base noprint

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias

tag: tr

tag: tbody

value: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize

value:
/wiki/Hotel_Vier_Jahreszeiten_Kempinski
mw-redirect
Hotel Vier Jahreszeiten Kempinski

value: Edit section: Standards of hotel classification

value: Edit section: Hotel classifications by country

value: vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:10.968ex; height:2.343ex;

value: vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:8.775ex; height:2.343ex;

value: {\displaystyle \bigstar \bigstar \bigstar }

value: vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:6.581ex; height:2.343ex;

value: vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:4.387ex; height:2.343ex;

value: vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:2.194ex; height:2.343ex;

value: background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; font-size: smaller; text-align: center;

value: vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:3.679ex; height:2.343ex;

value: vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:5.873ex; height:2.343ex;

value: vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:8.066ex; height:2.343ex;

value: vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:10.26ex; height:2.343ex;

value: vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:12.454ex; height:2.343ex;

value: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update

value:
/wiki/Emirates_Palace_Hotel
mw-redirect
Emirates Palace Hotel

value:
/wiki/AAA_Five_Diamond_Award
mw-redirect
AAA Five Diamond Award

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.hotelsterne.de/de/?newsID=33

value:
nofollow
external text
http://hotelstars.eu

value:
nofollow
http://www.greenkey.global/
external text

value:
nofollow
external text
http://greenglobe.com

value:
nofollow
external text
http://www.forbestravelguide.com

value:
nofollow
http://www.slate.com/id/2176188/
external text

value: Category:All articles with dead external links

value: Category:Articles with dead external links from January 2018

value: Category:Articles with permanently dead external links

value: Category:Articles with limited geographic scope from April 2017

value: Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from June 2012

value: Category:All Wikipedia articles in need of updating

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value:
/wiki/Hotel_rating
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

value: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

value: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

value: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

value: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

value: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

value: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

value: Permanent link to this revision of the page

value: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

value: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

value: wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle

value: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

value: تقييم الفندق – Arabic

value: Classification des hôtels de tourisme en France – French

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

value: Classificazione alberghiera in Italia – Italian

value: דירוג מלונות – Hebrew

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

value: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

value: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

value: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

value:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Hotel_rating rootpage-Hotel_rating skin-vector action-view


text:
Kim Matula
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Kim Matula
Kim Matula at the 2014 Daytime Emmy Nominees Reception
Born
Kimberly Marie Matula
(1988-08-23) August 23, 1988 (age 29)
Fort Worth, Texas, U.S.
Other names
Kim Matula
Occupation
Actress
Years active
2006–present
Known for
Hope Logan on The Bold and the Beautiful
Kimberly Marie "Kim" Matula (born August 23, 1988) is an American actress, best known for her role as Hope Logan in the CBS daytime soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful.
Contents
[hide]
1 Life and career
2 Filmography
3 References
4 External links
Life and career[edit]
Matula was born in Fort Worth, Texas to David and Karin Matula. She is of Norwegian ancestry.[citation needed] Matula has always dreamed of acting and created videos of her acting. She studied film at the University of Texas at Arlington, but dropped out because her acting career was taking off.[1] In 2008, Matula appeared in the Lifetime movie Queen Sized, and in next year moved to Los Angeles, then in 2010, she landed the role of Hope Logan in the CBS daytime soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful.[1][2]
In 2014, Matula was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series.[3] In her two final years on the soap, Matula's character had major storylines. In November 2014, it was announced that Matula had not renewed her contract and would be departing the series for a career in primetime television and film.[4][5]
In 2016, Matula joined the cast of the second season of the critically acclaimed Lifetime dark comedy-drama series, Unreal.[6]
As of 2018[update] she has a leading role in the Fox comedy series LA to Vegas.
Filmography[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2006 Savage Spirit Megan
2008 Queen Sized Tara Television film
2009 How I Met Your Mother Girl Episode: "Definitions"
2010–2014, 2015, 2016 The Bold and the Beautiful Hope Logan Series regular: January 11, 2010 – December 12, 2014
Guest: April 17 and 20, 2015 and March 16, 2016
Nominated — Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series (2014)
2010 Crown thy Good Claire Short film
2010 Spilt Milk Sabrina
2010 Cool Wheels Stacy McFuggins Short film
2011 The Defenders Mia Episode: "Nevada v. Doug the Mule"
2014 Broken Strings Wind / Heidi Lewis Short film
2014 Dawn Patrol Donna
2014 Almost Royal Herself Episode: "Los Angeles"
2015 Maybe Someday Lacey
2016 UnReal Tiffany Series regular (Season 2)
2018 LA to Vegas Veronica "Ronnie" Messing Main role
TBA Fighting with My Family Jeri-Lyn Filming
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Kim Matula 411". Soap Opera Digest. 2010-01-11. Archived from the original on 2014-08-18. Retrieved 2014-06-30.
Jump up ^ "Kimberly Matula Playing Hope Logan on The Bold and the Beautiful - Soaps.com". Soaps.sheknows.com. Retrieved 2014-06-30.
Jump up ^ "The 41st Annual Daytime Entertainment Emmy Award Nominations". New York: emmyonline.org and National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. May 1, 2014. Archived from the original on June 23, 2014. Retrieved May 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ "No Hope For The Future: Kim Matula Quits The Bold and The Beautiful!". Daytime Confidential. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "Kim Matula Leaving The Bold and the Beautiful!". Michael Fairman On-Air On-Soaps. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
Jump up ^ Elizabeth Wagmeister. "'UnReal' Season 2 Cast: Meagan Tandy & Kim Matula to Play Contestants - Variety". Variety. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kimberly Matula.
Kim Matula on IMDb
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kim_Matula&oldid=833303997"
Categories:
American people of Norwegian descent
American soap opera actresses
American voice actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
Actresses from Texas
Living people
1988 births
Actresses from Fort Worth, Texas
21st-century American actresses
Hidden categories:
Articles with hCards
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from March 2017
Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018
All articles containing potentially dated statements
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
Deutsch
Español
فارسی
Français
한국어
Italiano
Nederlands
Polski
Русский
Simple English
Suomi
Svenska
4 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 30 March 2018, at 19:06.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

tag: div

attr: id class

value: mw-page-base noprint

key: html

type: local

value: mw-head-base noprint

tag: a

attr: id class lang

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

tag: span

tag: th

attr: colspan style

tag: img

attr: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attr: href class

tag: td

tag: br

attr: href title

value: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2017)

value:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

value: plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update

value:
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

value:
/wiki/Michael_Fairman_On-Air_On-Soaps
mw-redirect
Michael Fairman On-Air On-Soaps

value:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

attr: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value:
nofollow
https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2204429/
external text

value: Category:American people of Norwegian descent

value: Category:Actresses from Fort Worth, Texas

value: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

value: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2017

value: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018

value: Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value:
/wiki/Kim_Matula
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

value: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

value: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

value: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

value: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

value: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

value: كيم ماتولا – Arabic

value: کیمبرلی ماتولا – Persian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

value: Матула, Ким – Russian

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Kim_Matula rootpage-Kim_Matula skin-vector action-view


text:
Transatlantic crossing
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses of the term Transatlantic, see Transatlantic.
The Transatlantic crossings are passages of passengers and cargo across the Atlantic Ocean between the Americas and Europe or Africa. The majority of passenger traffic is across the North Atlantic between North America and Western Europe. Centuries after the dwindling of sporadic Viking trade with Markland, a regular and lasting transatlantic trade route was established in 1566 with the Spanish West Indies fleets, following the Voyages of Christopher Columbus.
Contents
[hide]
1 By sea
2 Transatlantic flights
3 Transatlantic cables
4 Transatlantic radio
5 Transatlantic tunnel
6 Crossings in small vessels
6.1 Zodiac
6.2 Rafts
6.3 Rowing and paddling
6.3.1 Transatlantic rowing race
7 See also
8 Citations
9 Further reading
10 External links
By sea[edit]
Main article: List of crossings of the Atlantic Ocean
Prior to the 19th century, transatlantic crossings were undertaken in sailing ships, and the journeys were time consuming and often perilous. The first trade route across the Atlantic was inaugurated by Spain a few decades after the European Discovery of America, with the establishment of the West Indies fleets in 1566, a convoy system that regularly linked its territories in the Americas with Spain for over two centuries. Portugal created a similar maritime route between its ports in Brazil and the Portuguese mainland. Other colonial powers followed, such as Britain, France and the Netherlands, as they colonized the New World.
Transatlantic crossings became faster, safer, and more reliable with the advent of steamships in the 19th century. Grand ocean liners began making regularly scheduled crossings, and soon it became a symbol of national and company status to build the largest, fastest, and most luxurious ocean liner for transatlantic crossings. The United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany and Italy built the most famous ocean liners. Examples of some famous transatlantic liners are RMS Titanic (had only made one voyage that was unsuccessful due to striking an iceberg), RMS Lusitania, RMS Mauretania, RMS Olympic, SS Rex, SS America, SS United States, RMS Queen Mary, SS Île de France, SS Normandie, RMS Queen Elizabeth, SS France, Queen Elizabeth 2, and RMS Queen Mary 2.
The Blue Riband is awarded for the record fastest crossing by transatlantic liner. The current eastbound record was set by the American ocean liner United States in July 1952: the ship made the crossing in 3 days, 10 hours, 40 minutes. Guinness Book of World Records has awarded world records to various classes such as luxury liners, sail boats, and rowing boats.
During World War II the transatlantic crossing was very important for the United Kingdom as much of Europe had been taken over by Germany and its allies preventing trade and supplies; the struggle is known as the Battle of the Atlantic.
Transatlantic flights[edit]
Main article: Transatlantic flight
Transatlantic flight surpassed ocean liners as the predominant mode of crossing the Atlantic in the mid 20th century. In 1919, the American NC-4 became the first airplane to cross the Atlantic (but in multiple stages). Later that year, a British Vickers Vimy piloted by Alcock and Brown made the first non-stop transatlantic flight from Newfoundland to Ireland. Also in 1919, the British were the first to cross the Atlantic in an airship when the R34 captained by Major George Herbert Scott of the Royal Air Force with his crew and passengers flew from East Fortune, Scotland to Mineola, Long Island, covering a distance of about 3,000 statute miles (4,800 km) in about four and a half days; he then made a return trip to England, thus also completing the first double crossing of the Atlantic (east–west–east). In 1927, Charles Lindbergh made the first solo non-stop transatlantic flight in an airplane (between New York City and Paris). The second solo piloting, and the first to carry a passenger, was Clarence Duncan Chamberlin on June 6, 1927. Edward R. Armstrong proposed a string of anchored "seadromes" to refuel planes in a crossing.
The first serious attempt to take a share of the transatlantic passenger market away from the ocean liners was undertaken by Germany. In the 1930s, Germany crossed the Atlantic with Zeppelins that could carry about 60 passengers in a similar luxurious style to the ocean liners. However, the Hindenburg disaster in 1937 put an end to transatlantic Zeppelin flights.
On June 1, 1944, two K-class blimps from Blimp Squadron ZP-14[1] of the United States Navy (USN) completed the first transatlantic crossing by non-rigid airships. The two K-ships (K-123 and K-130) left South Weymouth, MA on May 28, 1944 and flew approximately 16 hours to Naval Station Argentia, Newfoundland. From Argentia, the blimps flew approximately 22 hours to Lagens Field on Terceira Island in the Azores. The final leg of the first transatlantic crossing was about a 20-hour flight from the Azores to Craw Field in Port Lyautey (Kenitra), French Morocco.[2][3]
Beginning in the 1950s, the predominance of ocean liners began to wane when larger, jet-powered airplanes began carrying passengers across the ocean in less and less time. The speed of crossing the ocean therefore became more important than the style of crossing it. The maturing passenger Jet Age starting with the Boeing 707 reduced the typical crossing time between London and New York City to between 6.5 and 8 hours, depending on weather conditions. By the 1970s, supersonic Concorde airplanes could connect the two cities in less than 4 hours, and only one ocean liner, The RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 remained on the transatlantic route for those who favored the slower style of travel.
The economics of commercial transatlantic flying have evolved markedly since the 1950s; the introduction of widebody airliners (such as the Boeing 747 and Douglas DC-10) in the early 1970s made affordable transatlantic travel to the masses a reality. Since the 1990s, the high reliability of modern jet engines has meant that twin engine jet aircraft such as the Boeing 767, Boeing 777 and Airbus A330 have largely taken over on transatlantic routes from quad-engine jets, whilst the supersonic Concorde was ultimately doomed by its high running costs, leading to its retirement in 2003.
Transatlantic cables[edit]
Transatlantic cables are cables that have been laid along the ocean floor to connect North America and Europe. Before the advent of radio, the only means of communication across the Atlantic Ocean was to physically connect the continents with a transatlantic telegraph cable, the first of which was installed from Valentia, Ireland to Heart's Content, Newfoundland in 1858. The first transatlantic telephone cable, TAT-1, was installed in 1955. The first transatlantic fiber optic cable, TAT-8, was installed in 1988. The exchange rate between the United States dollar and British pound is still colloquially known as "cable" by financial marketeers, from the early use of the transatlantic cable for this purpose.
Further information: Transatlantic communications cable
Transatlantic radio[edit]
Transatlantic radio communication was first accomplished on December 12, 1901 by Guglielmo Marconi who, using a temporary receiving station at Signal Hill, Newfoundland, received a Morse code signal representing the letter "S" sent from Poldhu, in Cornwall, United Kingdom.[4] Guglielmo Marconi initiated commercial transatlantic radio communications between his high power long wave wireless telegraphy stations in Clifden Ireland and Glace Bay, Nova Scotia on 17 October 1907.
Amateur radio operators are usually credited with the discovery of transatlantic radio communication in the shortwave bands. The first successful transatlantic tests were conducted by radio amateurs in December 1921 operating in the 200 meter medium-wave band, the shortest wavelength then available to amateurs. In 1922 hundreds of North American amateurs were heard in Europe at 200 meters and at least 20 North American amateurs heard amateur signals from Europe. The first two way transatlantic shortwave radio contacts were completed by radio amateurs in November 1923, on 110 meters.
Marconi initiated the first commercial shortwave transatlantic radio communication between the UK to Canada using his Beam Wireless Service which went into commercial operation on 25 October 1926. Shortwave radio vastly increased the speed and capacity of transatlantic communications at dramatically reduced cost compared to telegraph cable and long wave radio.
Telstar was the first communications satellite to provide commercial transatlantic communications. It was launched by on July 10, 1962, the first privately sponsored space launch. Communications satellites vastly increased the speed and quality of transatlantic communication, but transatlantic fiber optic cables have carried the vast majority of transatlantic communications traffic since the early 1990s.
Transatlantic tunnel[edit]
Main article: Transatlantic tunnel
The Transatlantic Tunnel is a theoretical structure proposed several times since the late 19th century. It would be a tunnel that spans the Atlantic Ocean between New York City and the United Kingdom or France.
Crossings in small vessels[edit]
Zodiac[edit]
Alain Bombard crossed the Atlantic from East to West in 1952, spending 113 days adrift in a Zodiac, L'Hérétique.[5]
Rafts[edit]
In 1956, Henri Beaudout crossed the Atlantic from West to East, from Halifax to Falmouth, on a raft of wood and rope, L’Égaré II, in 88 days.[6]
A later Atlantic crossing by junk raft was the Son of Town Hall, in 1998.[7]
Anthony Smith and the Antiki crossed in 2011.[8]
Rowing and paddling[edit]
On June 13, 2003, the French rower Maud Fontenoy started an eastward crossing of the Atlantic from Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon. She reached A Coruña in Spain on October 10, becoming the first woman to accomplish this feat.[9]
The Polish sexagenarian Aleksander Doba was the first recorded individual to complete a non-stop transatlantic crossing by kayak. He departed Dakar, Senegal on October 26, 2010 and arrived in Brazil 99 days later.[10]
Transatlantic rowing race[edit]
Main article: Atlantic Rowing Race
The first East–West Atlantic Rowing Race took place in 1997 from the Canary Islands to the Caribbean. It now runs once every two years or so.
The first West–East 'North' Atlantic Rowing Race took place in 2006 from New York City to Falmouth UK.
See also[edit]
Transatlantic relations
Citations[edit]
Jump up ^ Blimp Squadron 14
Jump up ^ Kline, R. C. and Kubarych, S. J., Blimpron 14 Overseas, 1944, Naval Historical Center, Navy Yard, Washington, D. C.
Jump up ^ http://www.naval-airships.org/resources/documents/NAN_vol93_no2_KShips_feature.pdf
Jump up ^ "Milestones:Transmission of Transatlantic Radio Signals, 1901". IEEE Global History Network. IEEE. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
Jump up ^ Bombard, Alain (1953). The Voyage of the Heretique. Simon and Schuster.
Jump up ^ Wadden, Marie (3 August 2012). "Three Canadians, two kittens, one raft: A little-known journey across the Atlantic". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Son of Town Hall, First Raft made of Scrap to Cross the North Atlantic Ocean". The Floating Neutrinos. May 30, 2006. Retrieved Sep 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Across the Atlantic - in a garden shed". Retrieved Mar 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ Fontenroy Foundation
Jump up ^ "64-Year-Old Kayaker Completes Trans-Atlantic Voyage". Wired. February 10, 2011. Retrieved July 2, 2012.
Further reading[edit]
Fowler Jr., William M. Steam Titans: Cunard, Collins, and the Epic Battle for Commerce on the North Atlantic (London: Bloomsbury), 2017. 358 pp
External links[edit]
Look up transatlantic crossing in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to North Atlantic Treaty Organisation.
"Evolution of trans-Atlantic Ships", May 1931, Popular Mechanics
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transatlantic_crossing&oldid=833795855"
Categories:
Atlantic Ocean
International transport
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Deutsch
Eesti
Español
Esperanto
Français
Italiano
Edit links
This page was last edited on 2 April 2018, at 13:31.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

value: mw-page-base noprint

value: mw-head-base noprint

value: firstHeading firstHeading en

value: siteSub noprint

value: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attr: href class title

value:
/wiki/Transatlantic_(disambiguation)
mw-redirect mw-disambig
Transatlantic (disambiguation)

attr: role class

value:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

tag: b

value: /wiki/Viking mw-redirect Viking

value:
/wiki/Discovery_of_America
mw-redirect
Discovery of America

value:
/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Spain
mw-redirect
Viceroyalty of New Spain

value:
/wiki/Transatlantic_liner
mw-redirect
Transatlantic liner

value:
/wiki/Guinness_Book_of_World_Records
mw-redirect
Guinness Book of World Records

value:
/wiki/Alcock_and_Brown
mw-redirect
Alcock and Brown

value:
/wiki/R33_class_airship
mw-redirect
R33 class airship

value:
/wiki/Clarence_Duncan_Chamberlin
mw-redirect
Clarence Duncan Chamberlin

value:
/wiki/Edward_R._Armstrong
mw-redirect
Edward R. Armstrong

value:
/wiki/K_class_blimp
mw-redirect
K class blimp

value:
/wiki/South_Weymouth_Naval_Air_Station
mw-redirect
South Weymouth Naval Air Station

value:
/wiki/Kenitra_Airport
mw-redirect
Kenitra Airport

value:
/wiki/Douglas_DC-10
mw-redirect
Douglas DC-10

value: Heart's Content, Newfoundland and Labrador

value:
/wiki/Pound_Sterling
mw-redirect
Pound Sterling

value:
/wiki/Glace_Bay,_Nova_Scotia
mw-redirect
Glace Bay, Nova Scotia

value:
/wiki/Fiber_optic
mw-redirect
Fiber optic

value: Edit section: Crossings in small vessels

value:
/wiki/Zodiac_Marine_%26_Pool
mw-redirect
Zodiac Marine & Pool

value:
/wiki/Halifax_Regional_Municipality
mw-redirect
Halifax Regional Municipality

value:
/wiki/Dakar,_Senegal
mw-redirect
Dakar, Senegal

value: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

value: commons:North Atlantic Treaty Organisation

value:
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
interface

value: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

value: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

value: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

value: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

value:
/wiki/Transatlantic_crossing
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

value: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

value: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

value:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

value: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

value: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

value:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

value:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

value: Permanent link to this revision of the page

value: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

value: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

value: Transiroj de Atlantika Oceano – Esperanto

value: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

value: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

value:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Transatlantic_crossing rootpage-Transatlantic_crossing skin-vector action-view