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Cigarette Smoking Man
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"Cancer Man" redirects here. For the Breaking Bad episode, see Cancer Man (Breaking Bad).
Carl Gerhard Busch aka Cigarette Smoking Man
The X-Files character
William B. Davis as Cigarette Smoking Man
First appearance
"Pilot"
(September 10, 1993)
Last appearance
"My Struggle IV"
(March 21, 2018)
Created by
Chris Carter
Portrayed by
William B. Davis
Chris Owens (younger)
Craig Warkentin (younger)
Information
Occupation
Department of Defense
Syndicate member
Men in Black Case Officer
Assassin
Family
Cassandra (ex-wife)
Jeffrey Spender (son)
Fox Mulder (son)[1]
William Van de Kamp (son/grandson)
Alias
C.G.B. Spender
Affiliated with
Colonists
Central Intelligence Agency
National Security Agency
Federal Bureau of Investigation, The X-Files
The Syndicate
Duration
1993–2000, 2002, 2016, 2018
Films
The X-Files
Cigarette Smoking Man (abbreviated CSM or C-Man; sometimes referred to as Cancer Man or the Smoking Man) is a fictional character and one of the primary antagonists of the Fox science fiction-supernatural television series The X-Files. He serves as the arch-nemesis of FBI Special Agent Fox Mulder. In the show's sixth season, his name is said to be C.G.B. Spender, but Dana Scully suggests this is one of "hundreds of aliases"; the show's characters and fans continue to refer to him by variations of "the Smoking Man" because he is almost always seen chain-smoking Morley cigarettes. In the eleventh season, he reveals his full name to be Carl Gerhard Busch.
Although he utters only four audible words in the entire first season of the show, the Smoking Man eventually develops into the series' primary antagonist. In his early appearances he is seen in the offices of Section Chief Scott Blevins and Assistant Director Walter Skinner, Mulder and his partner Dana Scully's supervisors. An influential man working for the powers that be, he is a key member in a government-conspiracy unit known only as the Syndicate, who are hiding the truth of alien existence and their plan to colonize Earth. His power and influence remained strong, even after most of the Syndicate was destroyed.
The Smoking Man is portrayed by Canadian actor William B. Davis. When Davis first received the role, the character was written as an extra for the pilot episode. He returned for small cameo appearances during the first season, making increasingly more appearances in the seasons that followed. Davis never received an award for his portrayal alone, but he was nominated for ensemble awards.
TV Guide included him in their 2013 list of The 60 Nastiest Villains of All Time.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Character arc
1.1 "Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man"
1.2 "My Struggle III"
1.3 Other episodes
2 Spin-off media
3 Characterization
4 Development
5 Reception
6 References
6.1 Notes
7 External links
Character arc[edit]
"Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man"[edit]
The birth date, birthplace, and most of the history of the Smoking Man is never categorically confirmed. One possible version of his past is provided during the fourth-season episode "Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man", in which the conspiracy theorists known as The Lone Gunmen claim Smoking Man was first documented in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, on August 20, 1940. His father was an ardent communist activist and a spy for the Soviet NKVD who was executed under the Espionage Act of 1917 "before his boy could walk." His mother was a cigarette smoker who died from lung cancer, also when he was an infant. Since he had no surviving family, he became a ward of the state and was sent to various orphanages in the Midwest. He made no friends and spent most of his time reading.
The episode portrays the Smoking Man shooting John F. Kennedy after being signaled by the "Umbrella man" (sitting on the right side).
The same episode reveals that by the early 1960s he was a US Army captain involved in black ops and intelligence, and that he served alongside Fox Mulder's father, Bill. The Smoking Man was already involved in the arming of anti-Castro rebels in Cuba and the assassinations of Patrice Lumumba and Rafael Trujillo before he was enlisted by a secret cabal to assassinate President John Fitzgerald Kennedy in Dallas. The assassination was motivated by Kennedy's mishandling of the Bay of Pigs Invasion and the subsequent Cuban Missile Crisis. As part of the mission, the Smoking Man told the designated patsy, Lee Harvey Oswald, to bring the curtain rods as a way to frame him for the murder. Incidentally, it was Oswald himself who introduced the Smoking Man to cigarettes. By 1968, the Smoking Man had progressed enough in the hierarchy to push himself for the assassination of Martin Luther King, concerned that King was "talking like a Maoist" and a threat to the American war effort in Vietnam. He did the deed himself because he had "too much respect for the man," and chose to frame a white racist because of his own sympathy for the Civil Rights Movement.
At the same time, the Smoking Man was an aspiring writer of espionage (and later, science-fiction) novels starring a fictional version of himself, Jack Colquitt, and based on his own secret activities, but all his drafts were rejected or altered by publishers who found them unrealistic and poorly written. This left him no choice but to continue working for the United States government. By 1991, the Smoking Man's power was pretty much absolute. He was in direct talks with Saddam Hussein and involved in one way or another on the Anita Hill-Clarence Thomas controversy, moving the Rodney King trial to Simi Valley, keeping the US government from interfering in the independence of Bosnia-Herzegovina, the Academy Awards nominations, keeping the Buffalo Bills from ever winning the Super Bowl, drugging the Soviet goalkeeper Vladislav Tretiak before the Miracle on Ice, and executing extraterrestrials that survived landing on American soil.[3][4]
Nevertheless, X-Files writer Frank Spotnitz, has stated that this version of events is only one possibility and is not accepted canon.[5]
"My Struggle III"[edit]
In the eleventh-season episode "My Struggle III," the Cigarette-Smoking Man reveals his name to be Carl Gerhard Busch (the name of series creator Chris Carter's grandfather).[6]
Other episodes[edit]
In his first appearance in the series, he oversees FBI agent Dana Scully's (Gillian Anderson) briefing and debriefing, and later disposes of evidence Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Scully had brought back from their investigation of an alien abduction.[7] With the Smoking Man hiding truth from the public, Mulder seeks to reveal it to the public and the truth about the disappearance of his sister, Samantha. This leads to a rivalry that lasts until the end of the series.[8]
In later seasons, it is revealed that he is a member of a group known as the Syndicate, a shadowy organization within the United States government.[9] The episode "Two Fathers" reveals his birthname or alias as C.G.B. Spender, and that he was formerly married to Cassandra Spender, with whom he had a son, Jeffrey Spender. He recruits FBI Special Agent Diana Fowley to be a subordinate of his because she has a close relationship with Mulder.[10] In "One Son", Jeffrey finds out that his father, the Smoking Man, forced his mother Cassandra to undergo medical treatments that led to several nervous breakdowns during his childhood years. When the Smoking Man finds out, he seemingly kills Jeffrey. Knowing of the colonization plan, the Alien rebels return to Earth to try to persuade the Syndicate to join their side against their war with the Colonists. Not believing in the strength of the Alien rebels, the Syndicate members meet at El Rico Air Base to be transported to a spaceship to survive the colonization. However, the rebels appear instead of the Colonists and kill all remaining chief members of the Syndicate. Together with Fowley, the Smoking Man escapes the destruction of the Syndicate.[11] Later in the sixth season, there is more evidence that suggested that the Smoking Man is Mulder's biological father. Eventually in "The Sixth Extinction II: Amor Fati", Fowley comes in disagreement with him. Because of his plans to kill Mulder, Fowley helps Scully in her investigation to locate Mulder, which leads to her death. After the destruction of the Syndicate, the Smoking Man starts to operate as he wishes.[1] However, his cancer resurfaces, and he begins using a wheelchair and has a tracheotomy. In the end, Alex Krycek and Marita Covarrubias betray him in the episode "Requiem", throwing him down a flight of stairs, where they presume him to be dead.[12]
Until the ninth season episode "William", the Smoking Man is presumed dead. It is learned that his attempted murder of his son failed, which led him to subject his son to terrible experiments.[13] In the series finale, "The Truth", Mulder and Scully travel through remote New Mexico and reach a pueblo where a "wise man" reputedly lives: he is, in fact, the Smoking Man. His condition has worsened since his disappearance, and he lives a primitive life in hiding from the "New" Syndicate. After taunting Mulder and Scully, he reveals to Scully what Mulder already knew, that the alien re-colonization of Earth is set for December 22, 2012. Shortly after, Smoking Man is again apparently killed by a rocket shot from a helicopter ordered by Knowle Rohrer.[14]
For the next 14 years, he is presumed dead. However, he appears again alive but seriously burned and disfigured at the end of "My Struggle" (2016), the first episode of The X-Files miniseries, stating that the X-Files have been reopened. In the season finale, "My Struggle II", the Smoking Man puts into motion the conspiracy he had been working on all these years, releasing chemtrails into the atmosphere which trigger immune system breakdowns throughout the American population, which had been infected by the Spartan virus through mandatory flu vaccinations. Out of fondness for Mulder, he offers him the cure to the disease, but is rebuffed. The United States is thrown into chaos as the Syndicate plan for depopulation gets underway. However in "My Struggle III", this is shown to be a vision experienced by Scully. It is revealed that the Smoking Man is trying to find Scully's son William in order to fulfill his plans, and that he is in conflict with a group lead by two other surviving Syndicate members, who want the Smoking Man dead in order to carry out their own agenda. The Smoking Man approaches Walter Skinner to make him a deal, and offers him a chance to survive the end of humanity in exchange for Skinner helping him find William. The Smoking Man also reveals he was responsible for the creation of William, as he impregnated Scully with the use of alien technology.
In the season 11 finale "My Struggle IV", the Smoking Man and Reyes follow Mulder, Scully and Skinner to an abandoned factory where they are chasing down William. Skinner points a gun at them and shoots Reyes dead, and the Smoking Man runs Skinner over in his car. The Smoking Man confronts "Mulder" (who is actually William in disguise) by a waterfront, and during the standoff shoots him in the head and causes him to fall into the water. The real Mulder appears and shoots the Smoking Man, who realizes that he has killed William, and he falls off the edge and into the water, with his body then carried away by the currents.
Spin-off media[edit]
Prior to the tenth televised series of The X-Files in 2016, Chris Carter worked with IDW Publishing in 2013 to produce a comic-book continuation of the show. It hints that the Smoking Man is alive and indirectly feeding information to both Mulder and The Lone Gunmen.[15] Carter later said that the story from these comics would be disregarded in future television productions.[16] A variation of the comic-book continuation was made canonical with The X-Files: Cold Cases, an Audible adaptation of the series set between the events of the ninth and tenth seasons of The X-Files, in which the Smoking Man presented in the series is revealed to be a shape-shifting alien imitating him.
Characterization[edit]
Kim Manners, a director of several X-Files episodes, said that the Smoking Man was the show's version of Darth Vader.[8] Some X-Files fans have categorized the Smoking Man as evil, making him out to be the villain. Series creator Chris Carter once called him "the devil", producing a mixed reaction among fans. Some fans, along with the portraying actor, see him as a hero, as he is forced to make choices others are not.[17]
The Smoking Man is involved in the Syndicate, a shadow organization which includes members of the United States government that exists to hide from the public the fact that aliens are planning to colonize Earth. The Smoking Man often ruthlessly protects the secrets of the conspiracy, and serves as the main antagonist to Mulder, who has an equally consuming devotion to reveal the truth in the first seven seasons.[18] His stated justification is a desire to prevent the alien colonization for as long as possible; in the episode "One Breath", he tells Mulder that he is in the conspiracy (which he calls "the game") because he believes that the secrets he keeps could, if publicly revealed, threaten the social order that preserves society: "If people were to know of the things that I know... it would all fall apart". He is at times shown working towards that goal, particularly in connection with developing a vaccine to protect people from the "black oil", a parasitic agent which the alien Colonists use to propagate themselves.[11]
Development[edit]
"I tried to put myself in the character’s shoes and see the world from his point of view. After all, villains don’t think they are villains".
— William B. Davis talking about his character.[19]
When first cast for the role, portraying actor William B. Davis thought a show about the paranormal would not last for long.[20] Before joining The X-Files cast, Davis had not smoked a cigarette in twenty years. For the first two episodes he appeared in, he smoked "real" cigarettes, but later changed to herbal cigarettes, giving the reason that smoking was dangerous for his health.[21] In at least one early script draft from the "Pilot", a Special Agent named Lake Drazen is present at the meeting near the start of the episode, having chosen Scully for an assignment to evaluate the validity of Mulder's work on the X-Files. The scene was eventually deleted and replaced, and several crew members have hinted that Agent Drazen became the Smoking Man.[22]
Kim Manners said that it seemed all the prominent pieces created for The X-Files were created by "accident". According to Manners, Davis was nothing more than an extra leaning on a shelf. At the start, the producers of the show were not sure about making the Smoking Man the main antagonist. Paul Rabwin commented once that he did not know if Davis could handle the role, because he was not sure if he was a "good enough" actor for the role. Manners later commented that Davis knew that the Smoking Man had two different characters, the first being the one played by Davis and the second was the cigarettes. He further stated that the cigarette smoke could tell a "whole story" by itself, thanks to Davis' talent.[8]
Fans of the series were active in debating if the Smoking Man was actually dead after the events of the season five premiere "Redux". In his first response, Chris Carter said he had left clues in the episode, and he later officially announced that the character would appear in The X-Files movie. In one of his last comments on the matter, he said, "Not that we haven't brought deceased characters back before, in flashbacks or more paranormal ways. The great thing about The X-Files is that anything can happen."[23]
The Smoking Man is the only character in the series, in addition to Mulder and Scully, to appear in both the first episode, "pilot" and the last, "The Truth" of the series.[original research?] Portraying actor William B. Davis was listed as CIA Agent in the first season episode "Young at Heart", instead of his usual character, the Smoking Man. Actor Chris Owens for a time portrayed the Smoking Man as a young man in flashbacks. He later plays his son, Jeffrey Spender.[24] Young Cigarette Smoking Man was first played by Craig Warkentin, with Davis's voice dubbed over in "Apocrypha".[25]
Reception[edit]
While not being nominated for any of his work alone on The X-Files, William B. Davis and several other cast members were nominated in the category "Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series" by the Screen Actors Guild Awards in 1997,[26] 1998[27] and 1999 but did not win.[28] The character was regularly voted "The Nastiest Villain" on television polls during the 90s. TV Guide listed Cigarette Smoking Man 20th in their "25 Greatest TV Villains" list. According to the portraying actor, the character had garnered protest from "pro-smokers".[29] Entertainment Weekly writer Jennifer Armstrong cited the character as an example of the old tradition of having only "bad guys" smoking on television.[30]
Davis was included in Entertainment Weekly's list of the 50 Biggest Emmy Snubs, the list's author saying that the presence of the "Cigarette Smoking Man" was as important as "black oil, alien implants, and Scully's skepticism".[31] The Malaysian newspaper the New Straits Times called the Smoking Man one of the most "intriguing" characters of the show.[32] However, Christianity Today said that the mystery behind the Smoking Man had evaporated by the late season episodes.[33] Likewise, Ken Tucker from Entertainment Weekly felt that "the monotonous evil of Cancer Man" had "become actively annoying" in later seasons of the show, being that his lurking presence did not seem as mysterious anymore.[34] Salon reviewer Jeff Stark felt the show was at its best when you "didn't exactly know the motivations of the Smoking Man".[35]
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Michael W. Watkins (director), David Duchovny & Chris Carter (writers). "The Sixth Extinction II: Amor Fati". The X-Files. Season 7. Episode 2. Fox Home Entertainment.
Jump up ^ Bretts, Bruce; Roush, Matt; (March 25, 2013). "Baddies to the Bone: The 60 nastiest villains of all time". TV Guide. pp. 14–15.
Jump up ^ Glen Morgan (director and writer). "Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man". The X-Files. Season 4. Episode 7. Fox Home Entertainment.
Jump up ^ Episode transcript
Jump up ^ Meisler, pp. 75–82
Jump up ^ Leighton, Susan (January 6, 2018). "The X-Files: Chris Carter and the Cigarette Smoking Man share a secret". 1428elm.com. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ Robert Mandel (director), Chris Carter (writer). "Pilot". The X-Files. Season 1. Episode 1. Fox Home Entertainment.
^ Jump up to: a b c Spotnitz, Frank, Carter, Chris, Shiban, John, Manners, Kim and Gordon, Howard among others (2004). Threads of Mythology (DVD). Fox Home Entertainment.
Jump up ^ R.W. Goodwin (director), Chris Carter (writer). "The Erlenmeyer Flask". The X-Files. Season 1. Episode 24. Fox Home Entertainment.
Jump up ^ Kim Manners (director), Chris Carter & Frank Spotnitz (writers). "Two Fathers". The X-Files. Season 6. Episode 11. Fox Home Entertainment.
^ Jump up to: a b Rob Bowman (director), Chris Carter & Frank Spotnitz (writers). "One Son". The X-Files. Season 6. Episode 12. Fox Home Entertainment.
Jump up ^ Kim Manners (director), Chris Carter (writer). "Requiem". The X-Files. Season 7. Episode 22. Fox Home Entertainment.
Jump up ^ David Duchovny (director), David Duchovny, Frank Spotnitz & Chris Carter (writers). "William". The X-Files. Season 9. Episode 16. Fox Home Entertainment.
Jump up ^ Kim Manners (director), Chris Carter (writer). "The Truth". The X-Files. Season 9. Episode 19 & 20. Fox Home Entertainment.
Jump up ^ "The X-Files: Season 10 #2 – Believers, Part 2 (of 5) (Issue)". comicvine.com.
Jump up ^ Quijada, Avi (March 25, 2015). "XFN Exclusive: Chris Carter on #XFilesRevival". XFilesNews. Archived from the original on January 25, 2016. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kowalski and B. Davis 2007, p. 142–143.
Jump up ^ Tomashoff, Craig (December 5, 1999). "Television/Radio; Where Have the Confident, Happy Heroes Gone?". The New York Times. Retrieved July 6, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Exclusive interview – William B. Davis". Expedientes X. Retrieved July 11, 2009.
Jump up ^ Doherty, Brian (October 22, 2009). "An Interview". Space. Archived from the original on October 28, 2008. Retrieved July 11, 2009.
Jump up ^ Nuytens, Gilles (October 11, 2005). "Interview with William B. Davis". The Sci Fi World. Retrieved July 11, 2009.
Jump up ^ Carter, Chris, Anderson, Gillian, Duchovny, David, B. Davis, William and Williams, Steven (1998). Inside The X-Files (Season 5) (DVD). Fox Home Entertainment.
Jump up ^ Baldwin, Kristen (November 21, 1997). "Dead Man Smoking?". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved July 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ Carter, Chris (2005). Audio Commentary for "The Red and the Black" (DVD). Fox Home Entertainment.
Jump up ^ Carter, Chris and Manners, Kim (2005). Audio Commentary for "Apocrypha" (DVD). Fox Home Entertainment.
Jump up ^ "3rd Annual SAG Awards Nominees". Screen Actors Guild Award. Archived from the original on October 15, 2008. Retrieved July 10, 2009.
Jump up ^ "4th Annual SAG Awards Nominees". Screen Actors Guild Award. Archived from the original on September 7, 2008. Retrieved July 10, 2009.
Jump up ^ "5th Annual SAG Awards Nominees". Screen Actors Guild Award. Archived from the original on September 7, 2008. Retrieved July 10, 2009.
Jump up ^ Rampton, James (February 7, 1998). "Where there's smoke..." The Independent. London. Retrieved July 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ Armstrong, Jennifer (June 7, 2002). "TV smoking makes doctors gag". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved July 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ "50 Biggest Emmy Snubs: No. 50-26". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved July 11, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Trust Is Out There..." New Straits Times. February 11, 1998. Retrieved July 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ Hertz, Todd (January 1, 2002). "Opinion Roundup: Is The Truth Out There?". Christianity Today. Retrieved July 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ Tucker, Ken (May 16, 1997). "The X-Files (1993–2002)". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved July 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ Stark, Jeff (January 16, 2001). "The X-Files: Fight the Future". Salon. Retrieved October 17, 2009.
Works cited
A. Kowalsi, Dean; B. Davis, William (2007). The Philosophy of The X-files. Kentucky, US: University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0-8131-2454-9.
External links[edit]
Cigarette Smoking Man at The X-Files Wiki
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Visit the main page

value:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

value: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

value: Find background information on current events

value:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

value: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

value: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

value: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

value: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

value: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

value: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

value: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

value:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

value: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

value: Permanent link to this revision of the page

value: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

value: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

value: תיקים באפלה – Hebrew

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

value:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

value: Курильщик (Секретные материалы) – Russian

value: Курець (Цілком таємно) – Ukrainian

value: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Cigarette_Smoking_Man rootpage-Cigarette_Smoking_Man skin-vector action-view