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Beauty and the Beast
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This article is about the fairy tale. For other uses, see Beauty and the Beast (disambiguation).
Illustration for Beauty and the Beast by Walter Crane.
Beauty and the Beast (French: La Belle et la Bête) is a traditional fairy tale written by French novelist Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve and published in 1740 in La Jeune Américaine et les contes marins (The Young American and Marine Tales).[1] Her lengthy version was abridged, rewritten, and published first by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont in 1756 in Magasin des enfants[2] (Children's Collection) and by Andrew Lang in the Blue Fairy Book of his Fairy Book series in 1889, to produce the version(s) most commonly retold.[1] It was influenced by some earlier stories, such as "Cupid and Psyche", written by Lucius Apuleius Madaurensi in The Golden Ass in the 2nd century AD, and "The Pig King". an Italian fairytale published by Giovanni Francesco Straparola in The Facetious Nights of Straparola.[3]
Variants of the tale are known across Europe.[4] In France, for example, Zémire and Azor is an operatic version of the story, written by Marmontel and composed by Grétry in 1771, which had enormous success well into the 19th century;[5] it is based on the second version of the tale. Amour pour amour (Love for love), by Nivelle de la Chaussée, is a 1742 play based on de Villeneuve's version. According to researchers at universities in Durham and Lisbon, the story originated around 4,000 years ago.[6]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Villeneuve's version
3 Commentary
4 Modern uses and adaptations
4.1 Literature
4.2 Film
4.3 Television
4.4 Theatre
4.5 Other
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
A widower merchant lives in a mansion with his six children, three sons and three daughters. All his daughters are very beautiful, but the youngest, Beauty, is the most lovely, as well as kind, well-read, and pure of heart; while the two elder sisters, in contrast, are wicked, selfish, vain, and spoiled. They secretly taunt Beauty and treat her more like a servant than a sister. The merchant eventually loses all of his wealth in a tempest at sea which sinks most of his merchant fleet. He and his children are consequently forced to live in a small farmhouse and work for their living.
Some years later, the merchant hears that one of the trade ships he had sent has arrived back in port, having escaped the destruction of its compatriots. Before leaving, he asks his children if they wish for him to bring any gifts back for them. The sons ask for weaponry and horses to hunt with, whereas his oldest daughters ask for clothing, jewels, and the finest dresses possible as they think his wealth has returned. Beauty is satisfied with the promise of a rose as none grow in their part of the country. The merchant, to his dismay, finds that his ship's cargo has been seized to pay his debts, leaving him penniless and unable to buy his children's presents.
During his return, the merchant becomes lost during a storm. Seeking shelter, he enters a dazzling palace. A hidden figure opens the giant doors and silently invites him in. The merchant finds tables inside laden with food and drink, which seem to have been left for him by the palace's invisible owner. The merchant accepts this gift and spends the night there. The next morning, as the merchant is about to leave, he sees a rose garden and recalls that Beauty had desired a rose. Upon picking the loveliest rose he can find, the merchant is confronted by a hideous "Beast" which tells him that for taking his most precious possession after accepting his hospitality, the merchant must die. The merchant begs to be set free, arguing that he had only picked the rose as a gift for his youngest daughter. The Beast agrees to let him give the rose to Beauty, but only if the merchant or one of his daughters will return.
Beauty dines with the Beast in an illustration by Anne Anderson.
The merchant is upset but accepts this condition. The Beast sends him on his way, with wealth, jewels and fine clothes for his sons and daughters, and stresses that Beauty must never know about his deal. The merchant, upon arriving home, tries to hide the secret from Beauty, but she pries it from him. Her brothers say they will go to the castle and fight the Beast, but the merchant dissuades them, saying they will stand no chance against the monster. Beauty then agrees to go to the Beast's castle. The Beast receives her graciously and informs her that she is now mistress of the castle, and he is her servant. He gives her lavish clothing and food and carries on lengthy conversations with her. Every night, the Beast asks Beauty to marry him, only to be refused each time. After each refusal, Beauty dreams of a handsome prince who pleads with her to answer why she keeps refusing him, to which she replies that she cannot marry the Beast because she loves him only as a friend. Beauty does not make the connection between the handsome prince and the Beast and becomes convinced that the Beast is holding the prince captive somewhere in the castle. She searches and discovers multiple enchanted rooms, but never the prince from her dreams.
For several months, Beauty lives a life of luxury at the Beast's palace, having every whim catered to by invisible servants, with no end of riches to amuse her and an endless supply of exquisite finery to wear. Eventually, she becomes homesick and begs the Beast to allow her to go see her family. He allows it on the condition that she returns exactly a week later. Beauty agrees to this and sets off for home with an enchanted mirror and ring. The mirror allows her to see what is going on back at the Beast's castle, and the ring allows her to return to the castle in an instant when turned three times around her finger. Her older sisters are surprised to find her well fed and dressed in finery. Beauty tries to share the magnificent gowns and jewels the Beast gave her with her sisters, but they turn into rags at her sisters' touch, and are restored to their splendour when returned to Beauty, as the Beast meant them only for her. Her sisters are envious when they hear of her happy life at the castle, and, hearing that she must return to the Beast on a certain day, beg her to stay another day, even putting onion in their eyes to make it appear as though they are weeping. They hope that the Beast will be angry with Beauty for breaking her promise and eat her alive. Beauty's heart is moved by her sisters' false show of love, and she agrees to stay.
Illustration by Warwick Goble.
Beauty begins to feel guilty about breaking her promise to the Beast and uses the mirror to see him back at the castle. She is horrified to discover that the Beast is lying half-dead from heartbreak near the rose bushes from which her father plucked the rose, and she immediately uses the ring to return to the Beast.
Beauty weeps over the Beast, saying that she loves him. When her tears strike him, the Beast is transformed into the handsome prince from Beauty's dreams. The Prince informs her that long ago a fairy turned him into a hideous beast after he refused to let her in from the rain and that only by finding true love, despite his ugliness, could the curse be broken. He and Beauty are married and they live happily ever after together.
Villeneuve's version[edit]
Villeneuve's original tale includes several elements that Beaumont's omits. Chiefly, the backstory of both Beauty and the Beast is given. The Beast was a prince who lost his father at a young age, and whose mother had to wage war to defend his kingdom. The queen left him in care of an evil fairy, who tried to seduce him when he became an adult; when he refused, she transformed him into a beast. Beauty's story reveals that she is not really a merchant's daughter but the offspring of a king and a good fairy. A wicked fairy had tried to murder Beauty so she could marry her father the king, and Beauty was put in the place of the merchant's dead daughter to protect her.[7] Villeneuve also gave the castle elaborate magic, which obscured the more vital pieces of it.[8] Beaumont greatly pared down the cast of characters and simplified the tale to an almost archetypal simplicity.[8]
Commentary[edit]
Painting of Petrus Gonsalvus (c. 1580)
Tatar (2017) compares the tale to the theme of "animal brides and grooms" found in folklore throughout the world,[9] pointing out that the French tale was specifically intended for the preparation of young girls in 18th century France for arranged marriages.[10] The urban opening is unusual in fairy tales, as is the social class of the characters, neither royal nor peasants. It may reflect the social changes occurring at the time of its first writing.[11]
Hamburger (2015) points out that the design of the Beast in the 1946 film adaptation by Jean Cocteau was inspired by the portrait of Petrus Gonsalvus, a native of Tenerife who suffered from hypertrichosis, causing an abnormal growth of hair on his face and other parts, and who came under the protection of the French king and married a beautiful Parisian woman named Catherine.[12]
Modern uses and adaptations[edit]
The tale has been notably adapted for screen, stage, prose, and television over the years.
Literature[edit]
The Pig King, by Giovanni Francesco Straparola, an Italian fairytale published in The Facetious Nights of Straparola.
The Scarlet Flower, a Russian fairy tale published in 1858 by Sergey Aksakov.
Beauty and the Beast ... The Story Retold. Laura E. Richards. London: Blickie & Son, 1886. Also, Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1886.
Beauty: A Retelling of the Story of Beauty and the Beast, 1978 and Rose Daughter, 1997 (both by author Robin McKinley).
"The Courtship of Mr. Lyon", a story from Angela Carter's The Bloody Chamber (1979), is based on Madame Le Prince de Beaumont's version.[13]
"Beauty", a short story by Tanith Lee, is a science fiction retelling of "Beauty and the Beast". It appeared in Lee's anthology, Red as Blood, or Tales from the Sisters Grimmer, published in 1983. The heroine is named Estár; the Beast, a catlike telepathic alien, is never given a name that can be written or spoken in any human language.
Fashion Beast, a 1985 screenplay by Alan Moore, was adapted into a graphic novel in 2012.
In The Last Wish (1993) by Andrzej Sapkowski, the story "A Grain of Truth" is very similar to "Beauty and the Beast", though the beast enjoys being a beast and the daughters of various merchants willingly live with him in exchange for money.
Lord of Scoundrels (1995) by Loretta Chase, a Regency romance and retelling of Beauty and the Beast[14]
The Fire Rose (1995) by Mercedes Lackey, part of the Elementals series.
The Quantum Rose by Catherine Asaro is another science fiction retelling of "Beauty and the Beast". It won the 2002 Nebula Award for Best Novel and the 2001 Affaire de Coeur Award for Best Science Fiction Novel. The first third of the novel appeared as a three-part serialization in Analog magazine in the 1999 May, June, and July/August issues. Tor Books published the full novel in 2000.
Beastly, written in 2007 by Alex Flinn, sets the story in modern-day Manhattan.
Film[edit]
A French version entitled La Belle et la Bête was made in 1946, directed by Jean Cocteau, starring Jean Marais as the Beast and Josette Day as the Beauty. This version adds a subplot involving Belle's suitor Avenant, also played by Marais.[15]
A 1952 animated feature film, The Scarlet Flower, based upon Aksakov's aforementioned tale, was directed by Lev Atamanov and produced at the Soyuzmultfilm. It was restored at the Gorky Film Studio in 1987, and is now widely available on several video and DVD editions in Russia (an English-subtitled version has not been released).
A 1962 version directed by Edward L. Cahn, starring Joyce Taylor and Mark Damon, had the Beast as a prince who transformed into a werewolf at night, with makeup by Universal's Jack Pierce.[16]
In 1987, The Cannon Group and Golan-Globus Productions released Beauty and the Beast, a musical live-action version, directed by Eugene Marner, starring John Savage as Beast, and Rebecca De Mornay as Beauty, with original music by Lori McKelvey. It was released on VHS in 1988 by Cannon Video, and on DVD in 2005 by MGM Home Entertainment.[17]
In 1991, Walt Disney Feature Animation produced a musical animated film entitled Beauty and the Beast, directed by Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale, with a screenplay by Linda Woolverton, and songs by Alan Menken and Howard Ashman. Like the 1946 version, the Disney version also names Beauty "Belle" and gives her a handsome suitor (here named Gaston) who eventually plots to kill the Beast.[18] The Beast is depicted to having the head structure and horns of a bison, the jaws, teeth, and mane of a lion, the eyebrow of a gorilla, the tusks of a wild boar, the arms and body of a bear, and the hind legs and tail of a wolf.
Children's film producer Diane Eskenazi produced Beauty and the Beast, directed by Masakazu Higuchi and Chinami Namba, for Golden Films in 1993. The film, which relied on moderate animation techniques but was mostly faithful to the original tale, featured classical compositions as opposed to an original soundtrack, featuring the works of many well-known popular composers.[19] This film's version of the Beast has the body of a gorilla, the mane of a lion, the snout and tusks of a common warthog, and the tail of a bull.
The theme of the music video "I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)" by Meat Loaf, released in 1993, is adapted from Beauty and the Beast.[which?][20]
A 2005 Viking period film directed by David Lister was alternately known as Beauty and the Beast and Blood of Beasts.[21]
A dark version [22] of the fairy tale updated to modern times,[23] director Robert Beaucage's 2008 film Spike,[24] was described (at its premiere at the Edinburgh International Film Festival[25] where it was chosen as part of the Best of the Fest)[26] as "Angela Carter rewriting La Belle et la Bête as an episode of Buffy the Vampire Slayer".[27]
Another modern take is Beastly starring Alex Pettyfer as the beast (named Kyle) and Vanessa Hudgens as the love interest (named Lindy). Directed by Daniel Barnz it is based on the book Beastly mentioned above.[28]
Beauty and the Beast, a French-German film, released in 2014.[29]
Beauty and the Beast, a Disney live-action remake of the 1991 animated film, starring Emma Watson and Dan Stevens, was released on March 17, 2017.[30]
Television[edit]
George C. Scott appeared as the Beast in a made-for-TV rendition in 1976, with his second wife, Patricia "Trish" Van Devere, co-starring alongside him as Belle in the film, which aired as part of the Hallmark Hall of Fame. Scott was nominated for an Emmy for his performance.
In 1984, Shelley Duvall's Faerie Tale Theatre aired "Beauty and the Beast", starring Klaus Kinski and Susan Sarandon. The script, sets, makeup, and costumes were based on the 1946 film.
Beauty and the Beast, a television series which owed as much to detective shows and fantasy fiction as to the fairy tale, was originally broadcast from 1987 to 1989. This was centered around the relationship between Catherine (played by Linda Hamilton), an attorney who lived in New York City, and Vincent (played by Ron Perlman), a gentle but lion-faced "beast" who dwells in the tunnels beneath the city. Wendy Pini created two issues of a comic-book adaptation of the TV series. The series was cancelled when ratings fell after Hamilton decided to leave the show at the end of the second season.
Beauty and the Beast was featured in Grimm's Fairy Tale Classics. In this version, the Beast had an ogre-like appearance and appeared at the Merchant's house when his time to give him Beauty came. Outside of Beauty breaking the spell on the Beast enough to turn him back into a prince, the two of them sent birds to carry messages of their marriage. The narrator commented that he learned of this story because "a little birdie told" him.
A version of "Beauty and the Beast" was featured in Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child. The story is set in Africa and features the voices of Vanessa L. Williams as the Beauty, Gregory Hines as the Beast, Debbie Allen as Precious, Terrence C. Carson as the Tree, and Paul Winfield as the Father.
A loose adaption of the story was featured in the animated series Stories from My Childhood. The voice cast included Amy Irving as the Beauty, Tim Curry as the Beast and Robert Loggia as the Beauty's father.
Beauty & the Beast (2012) is a reworking of the 1987 TV series with Jay Ryan and Kristin Kreuk reprising the roles that Perlman and Hamilton, respectively, had originated in that production.
A variation of the story was incorporated into an episode of the ABC TV series Once Upon a Time entitled "Skin Deep", in which Beauty/Belle is played by Emilie de Ravin and the Beast is Rumpelstiltskin (played by Robert Carlyle).
While Belle had appeared in Sofia the First, the Beast wasn't featured. Instead, a variation of the story is used in the episode "Beauty is the Beast" where Princess Charlotte of Isleworth (voiced by Megan Hilty) was turned into a Beast by the powerful enchantress Zinessa (voiced by Meredith Roberts Quill) because she was rude and insensitive to Zinessa's friend Morris the Goblin (voiced by Andrew Rannells). The description of her Beast form is a cross between a human and a wild boar with a wolf-like tail. Once Princess Charlotte vouched for Morris the Goblin upon the royal guards arresting him and became friends with him in front of her parents King Philip and Queen Everly (voiced by Fritz Sperburg and Jamie Denbo) upon being encouraged by Sofia, the spell on Princess Charlotte was broken and Zinessa left in cat form while quoting to Princess Charlotte "well done." After thanking Sofia who was transported back to Enchancia, Princess Charlotte invited Morris to the Summer Ball.
Theatre[edit]
In 1994, Philip Glass wrote an opera, La Belle et la Bête, based on Cocteau's film. Glass's composition follows the film scene by scene, effectively providing a new original soundtrack for the movie.[31]
The Disney film was adapted for the stage as Beauty and the Beast by Linda Woolverton and Alan Menken, who had worked on the film. Howard Ashman, the original lyricist, had died, and additional lyrics were written by Tim Rice.[32]
In 2011, a new ballet adaptation of Beauty and the Beast was created by choreographer David Nixon for Northern Ballet. Works by several composers, including Bizet and Poulenc, were used for the score.[33]
Other[edit]
A hidden object game, Mystery Legends: Beauty and the Beast, was released in 2012.[34]
The narrative of the Sierra Entertainment adventure game King's Quest VI follows several fairy tales, and Beauty and the Beast is the focus of one multiple part quest.[35]
Stevie Nicks recorded a song based on the fairy tale for her 1983 solo album, The Wild Heart.
Real Life based the video for their signature hit "Send Me an Angel" on the fairy story.
Disco producer Alec R. Costandinos released a twelve inch by his side project Love & Kisses with the theme of the fairy-tale set to a disco melody in 1978.
See also[edit]
Damsel in distress
Eros and Psyche
Noble savage
Shapeshifting
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Windling, Terri. "Beauty and the Beast, Old and New". The Journal of Mythic Arts. The Endicott Studio.
Jump up ^ Stouff, Jean. "La Belle et la Bête". Biblioweb.
Jump up ^ Harrison, "Cupid and Psyche", Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome',' p. 339.
Jump up ^ Heidi Anne Heiner, "Tales Similar to Beauty and the Beast"
Jump up ^ Thomas, Downing. Aesthetics of Opera in the Ancien Régime, 1647–1785. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2002.
Jump up ^ BBC. "Fairy tale origins thousands of years old, researchers say". BBC News. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Betsy Hearne, Beauty and the Beast: Visions and Revisions of An Old Tale, p 22–23 ISBN 0-226-32239-4
^ Jump up to: a b Betsy Hearne, Beauty and the Beast: Visions and Revisions of An Old Tale, p 25 ISBN 0-226-32239-4
Jump up ^ Tatar, Maria (March 7, 2017). Beauty and the Beast: Classic Tales of Animal Brides and Grooms from Around the World. Random House Penguin. ISBN 9780143111696.
Jump up ^ Gilbert, Sophie (March 31, 2017). "The Dark Morality of Fairy-Tale Animal Brides". The Atlantic. Retrieved 31 March 2017. "Maria Tatar points [...] the story of Beauty and the Beast was meant for girls who would likely have their marriages arranged".
Jump up ^ Maria Tatar, p 45, The Annotated Classic Fairy Tales, ISBN 0-393-05163-3
Jump up ^ Andreas Hamburger in: Andreas Hamburger (ed.) Women and Images of Men in Cinema: Gender Construction in La Belle et La Bete by Jean Cocteauchapter 3 (2015). see also: "La Bella y la Bestia": Una historia real inspirada por un hombre de carne y hueso (difundir.org 2016)
Jump up ^ Crunelle-Vanrigh, Anny. "The Logic of the Same and Différance: 'The Courtship of Mr. Lyon'". In Roemer, Danielle Marie, and Bacchilega, Cristina, eds. (2001). Angela Carter and the Fairy Tale, p. 128. Wayne State University Press.
Jump up ^ Wherry, Maryan (2015). "More than a Love Story: The Complexities of the Popular Romance". In Berberich, Christine. The Bloomsbury Introduction to Popular Fiction. Bloomsbury. p. 55. ISBN 978-1441172013.
Jump up ^ David J. Hogan (1986). Dark Romance: Sexuality In the Horror Film. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. p. 90. ISBN 0-7864-0474-4.
Jump up ^ "50's and 60's Horror Movies B". The Missing Link. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
Jump up ^ Russell A. Peck. "Cinderella Bibliography: Beauty and the Beast". The Camelot Project at the University of Rochester. Archived from the original on 6 April 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
Jump up ^ Janet Maslin (13 November 1991). "Disney's 'Beauty and the Beast' Updated In Form and Content". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
Jump up ^ "Beauty and the Beast". Movie Review Film. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9GNhdQRbXhc
Jump up ^ Maslin, Janet. "Beauty and the Beast: Overview". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
Jump up ^ Jason Buchanan. "Spike". All Movie Guide. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
Jump up ^ Calum Waddell. "Spike". Total Sci-Fi. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
Jump up ^ "Beauty & the Beast + Blood and Guts = Spike". HorrorMovies.ca. 11 January 2007. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
Jump up ^ "Festival Highlights: 2008 Edinburgh International Film Festival". Variety. 13 June 2008. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
Jump up ^ "Best of the Fest Programme at Edinburgh International Film Festival". The List. 25 June 2008. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
Jump up ^ Robert Hope. "Spike". Edinburgh International Film Festival. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
Jump up ^ Larry Carroll (30 March 2010). "Vanessa Hudgens And Alex Pettyfer Get 'Intense' In 'Beastly'". MTV. Archived from the original on 5 April 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
Jump up ^ http://www.premiere.fr/Cinema/News-Cinema/Christophe-Gans-decrypte-sa-version-de-La-Belle-et-la-Bete
Jump up ^ "Beauty and the Beast (2017)". Retrieved 2017-03-06.
Jump up ^ "Alternate Versions for La Belle et la Bête". IMDb. Archived from the original on 11 April 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
Jump up ^ Tale as Old as Time: The Making of Beauty and the Beast. [VCD]. Walt Disney Home Entertainment. 2002.
Jump up ^ Thompson, Laura (19 December 2011). "Beauty and the Beast, Northern Ballet, Grand Theatre, Leeds, review". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
Jump up ^ Mystery Legends: Beauty and the Beast Collector's Edition (PC DVD)
Jump up ^ KQ6 Game Play video
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Beauty and Beast.
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Beauty and the Beast
"Beauty and the Beast: folktales of Aarne-Thompson type 425C
Cinderella Bibliography – includes an exhaustive list of B&tB productions in books, TV and recordings
Original version and psychological analysis of Beauty and the Beast
(in French) La Belle et la Bête, audio version
[hide]
v
t
e
Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve's Beauty and the Beast
Film
La Belle et la Bête (1946)
The Scarlet Flower (1952)
Beauty and the Beast {1962)
Beauty and the Beast {1976)
Panna a netvor (1978)
Beauty and the Beast {1987)
Beauty and the Beast (1991)
soundtrack
Beauty and the Beast (1992)
Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas (1997)
Beauty and the Beast (or Blood of Beasts, 2005)
Beauty and the Beast (2009)
Beastly (2011)
Beauty and the Beast (2014)
Little Miss Perfect (2016)
Beauty and the Beast (2017)
soundtrack
Television
Series
Beauty and the Beast, (1987)
Exile (2003)
Beauty & the Beast (2012)
episodes
Brahmarakshas (2016)
Episodes
"Reptar on Ice" (1992)
"Skin Deep" (2012)
"Her Handsome Hero" (2016)
Literature
The Scarlet Flower (1858)
Beauty: A Retelling of the Story of Beauty and the Beast (1978)
Lord of Scoundrels (1995)
Rose Daughter (1997)
The Quantum Rose (2000)
Beastly (2007)
Fashion Beast (2012)
Stage
Zémire et Azor (opera)
Beauty and the Beast Live on Stage (stage)
Beauty and the Beast (musical)
Songs
"Beauty and the Beast" (1983)
"Election Day" (1985)
"Beauty and the Beast" (1991)
Other
Disney Characters
Disney's Beauty and the Beast (video game)
Beauty and the Beast (Disney franchise)
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Running of the Bulls
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Running of the Bulls (encierro)
The bull run in Pamplona
Dates
6–14 July
Location(s)
Pamplona and other
Monument in Pamplona
Runners surround the bulls on Estafeta Street
The Running of the Bulls (in Spanish: encierro, from the verb encerrar, "to corral, to enclose") is a practice that involves running in front of a small group of cattle, typically six, of the toro bravo breed that have been let loose on a course of a sectioned-off subset of a town's streets.[1]
The most famous running of the bulls is held during the nine-day festival of Sanfermines in honor of Saint Fermin in Pamplona,[2] although they are also traditionally held in other places such as towns and villages across Spain, Portugal, in some cities in Mexico,[3] and southern France during the summer.
The origin of this event comes from the need to transport the bulls from the fields outside the city, where they were bred, to the bullring, where they would be killed in the evening.[4] During this 'run', youngsters would jump among them to show off their bravado. In Pamplona and other places, the six bulls in the event are still those that will feature in the afternoon bullfight of the same day.
Spanish tradition says the true origin of the run began in northeastern Spain during the early 14th century. While transporting cattle in order to sell them at the market, men would try to speed the process by hurrying their cattle using tactics of fear and excitement. After years of this practice, the transportation and hurrying began to turn into a competition, as young adults would attempt to race in front of the bulls and make it safely to their pens without being overtaken. When the popularity of this practice increased and was noticed more and more by the expanding population of Spanish cities, a tradition was created and stands to this day.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Pamplona bull run
1.1 Fence
1.2 Preliminaries
1.3 The running
1.4 Injuries, fatalities and medical attention
1.5 Dress code
1.6 Media
2 Other examples
2.1 Bous al carrer
2.2 Occitan area of France
2.3 Stamford Bull Run
2.4 Mock bull runs
3 Opposition
4 Further reading
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Pamplona bull run[edit]
Saint Fermin, honored in Pamplona
Pamplona, 7 July 2005. People climb to the fences as the bulls run by and cross the Town Hall Plaza.
The Pamplona[2] encierro is the most popular in Spain and has been broadcast live by RTVE, the public Spanish national television channel, for over 30 years.[6] It is the highest profile event of the San Fermin festival, which is held every year from 6–14 July.[2] The first bull running is on 7 July, followed by one on each of the following mornings of the festival, beginning every day at 8 am. Among the rules to take part in the event are that participants must be at least 18 years old, run in the same direction as the bulls, not incite the bulls, and not be under the influence of alcohol.[7][8]
Fence[edit]
In Pamplona, a set of wooden fences are erected to direct the bulls along the route and to block off side streets. A double wooden fence is used in those areas where there is enough space, while in other parts the buildings of the street act as barriers. The gaps in the barricades are wide enough for a human to slip through but narrow enough to block a bull. The fence is composed of approximately three thousand separate pieces of wood. Some parts of the fence remain in place for the duration of the fiesta, while others are placed and removed each morning.[9] Spectators can only stand behind the second fence, whereas the space between the two fences is reserved for security and medical personnel and also to participants who need cover during the event.[8]
Preliminaries[edit]
Police barrier at the beginning of the running stops people until the first rocket is fired.
The encierro begins with runners singing a benediction. It is sung three times, each time being sung both in Spanish and Basque. The benediction is a prayer given at a statue of Saint Fermin, patron of the festival and the city, to ask the saint's protection and can be translated into English as "We ask Saint Fermin, as our Patron, to guide us through the encierro and give us his blessing". The singers finish by shouting "Viva San Fermín!, Gora San Fermin!" ("Long live Saint Fermin", in Spanish and Basque).[7] Most runners dress in the traditional clothing of the festival which consists of a white shirt and trousers with a red waistband ("faja") and neckerchief ("pañuelo"). Also some of them hold the day's newspaper rolled to draw the bulls' attention from them if necessary.[7]
The running[edit]
Pamplona, 2007. Bulls following some runners enter the bull ring from the callejón, where the event ends. The bulls can be seen in the foreground and background of the picture.
A first rocket is set off at 8 a.m. to alert the runners that the corral gate is open. A second rocket signals that all six bulls have been released. The third and fourth rockets are signals that all of the herd has entered the bullring and its corral respectively, marking the end of the event.[7] The average duration between the first rocket and the end of the encierro is two minutes, 30 seconds.[7]
The encierro is usually composed of the six bulls to be fought in the afternoon, six steers that run in herd with the bulls, and three more steers that follow the herd to encourage any reluctant bulls to continue along the route. The function of the steers, who run the route daily, is to guide the bulls to the bullring.[7] The average speed of the herd is 24 km/h (15 mph).[7]
The length of the run is 875 meters (957 yards). It goes through four streets of the old part of the city (Santo Domingo, Ayuntamiento, Mercaderes and Estafeta) via the Town Hall Square and the short section "Telefónica" (named for the location of the old telephone office at end of Calle Estafeta) just before entering into the bullring through its callejón (tunnel).[2] The fastest part of the route is up Santo Domingo and across the Town Hall Square, but the bulls often became separated at the entrance to Estafeta Street as they slowed down. One or more would slip going into the turn at Estafeta ("la curva"), resulting in the installation of anti-slip surfacing, and now most of the bulls negotiate the turn onto Estafeta and are often ahead of the steers. This has resulted in a quicker run. Runners are not permitted in the first 50 meters of the encierro, which is an uphill grade where the bulls are much faster.[citation needed]
Injuries, fatalities and medical attention[edit]
Two injured runners are treated by medical services.
Every year, between 50 and 100 people are injured during the run.[7] Not all of the injuries require taking the patients to the hospital: in 2013, 50 people were taken by ambulance to Pamplona's hospital, with this number nearly doubling that of 2012.[10]
Goring is much less common but potentially life threatening. In 2013, for example, six participants were gored along the festival, in 2012, only four runners were injured by the horns of the bulls with exactly the same number of gored people in 2011, nine in 2010 and 10 in 2009; with one of the latter killed.[10][11] As most of the runners are male, only 5 women have been gored since 1974. Before that date, running was prohibited for women.[12]
Another major risk is runners falling and piling up (a "montón") at the entrance of the bullring, which acts as a funnel as it is much narrower than the previous street. In such cases injuries come both from asphyxia and contusions to those in the pile and from goring if the bulls crush into the pile. This kind of blocking of the entrance has occurred at least ten times in the history of the run, the last occurring in 2013 and the first dating back to 1878. A runner died of suffocation in one such pile up in 1977.[13]
Overall, since record-keeping began in 1910, 15 people have been killed in the bull running of Pamplona, most of them due to being gored.[7] To minimize the impact of injuries every day 200 people collaborate in the medical attention. They are deployed in 16 sanitary posts (every 50 metres on average), each one with at least a physician and a nurse among their personnel. Most of these 200 people are volunteers, mainly from the Red Cross. In addition to the medical posts, there are around 20 ambulances. This organization makes it possible to have a gored person stabilized and taken to a hospital in less than 10 minutes.[14]
15 Deaths since 1910 in the bull run of Pamplona[7]
Year
Name
Age
Origin
Location
Cause of death
1924 Esteban Domeño 22 Navarre, Spain Telefónica Goring[15]
1927 Santiago Zufía 34 Navarre, Spain Bullring Goring[15]
1935 Gonzalo Bustinduy 29 San Luis Potosí, Mexico Bullring Goring[15]
1947 Casimiro Heredia 37 Navarre, Spain Estafeta Goring[15]
1947 Julián Zabalza 23 Navarre, Spain Bullring Goring[15]
1961 Vicente Urrizola 32 Navarre, Spain Santo Domingo Goring[15]
1969 Hilario Pardo 45 Navarre, Spain Santo Domingo Goring[15]
1974 Juan Ignacio Eraso 18 Navarre, Spain Telefónica Goring[15]
1975 Gregorio Gorriz 41 Navarre, Spain Bullring Goring[15]
1977 José Joaquín Esparza 17 Navarre, Spain Bullring Suffocated in a pile-up.[7]
1980 José Antonio Sánchez 26 Navarre, Spain Town Hall Square Goring[15]
1980 Vicente Risco 29 Badajoz, Spain Bullring hit[15]
1995 Matthew Peter Tassio 22 Glen Ellyn, Illinois, USA Town Hall Square Goring[16]
2003 Fermín Etxeberria 62 Navarre, Spain Mercaderes Hit by a horn[17]
2009 Daniel Jimeno Romero 27 Alcalá de Henares, Spain Telefónica Goring[18][19]
Dress code[edit]
Runners at the Pamplona bull run in typical attire
Though there is no formal dress code, the very common and traditional attire is white pants, white shirt with a red scarf around the waist and a red handkerchief around the neck. Another common dress practice, seen as a risk by some but as a daring depiction of courage by others is dressing in a conspicuous manner. Many runners that want to be seen wear colors other than white, a common alternate color choice is blue. Others include large logos on their shirt to capture the attention of the bulls. In the age of social media explosion, this is also thought to be a way to highlight someone in a photo.[20]
Media[edit]
Hemingway drank in the Café Iruña, established 1888 in Pamplona/Iruña
The encierro of Pamplona has been depicted many times in literature, television or advertising, but became known worldwide partly because of the descriptions of Ernest Hemingway in books The Sun Also Rises and Death in the Afternoon. The cinema pioneer Louis Lumière filmed the run in 1899.[21]
The event is the basis for a chapter in James Michener's 1971 novel The Drifters.
The run is depicted in the 1991 Billy Crystal film City Slickers, where the character "Mitch" (Crystal) is gored (non-fatally) from behind by a bull during a vacation with the other main characters.
The run appears in the 2011 Bollywood movie Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara, directed by Zoya Akhtar, as the final dare in the bucket list of the three bachelors who have to overcome their ultimate fear; death. At first, the trio run part of the route. They stop at the square, but then recover their nerve, and continue to the end. The completion of the run depicts their freedom as they learn that surviving a mortal danger can bring joy.
Running with Bulls, a 2012 documentary of the festival filmed by Construct Creatives and presented by Jason Farrel, depicts the pros and cons of the controversial tradition.[22]
Since 2014, the Esquire Channel has broadcast the running of the bulls as a show in the US,[23] with both live commentary and then a recorded 'round up' later in the day by NBCSN commentators the Men in Blazers, including interviews with noted participants such as Madrid-born runner David Ubeda,[24] former US Special Forces soldier turned filmmaker Dennis Clancey,[25] the historic New York-born runner Joe Distler[26] and former British bullfighter and author Alexander Fiske-Harrison.[27]
In 2014, the eBook guide, Fiesta: How To Survive The Bulls Of Pamplona, caused headlines around the world when one of the contributors was gored by a bull soon after its publication.[28] (See Further Reading section below.)
Other examples[edit]
Fire bull and children running from it (Tudela, Navarre)
Although the most famous running of the bulls is that of San Fermín,[2] they are held in towns and villages across Spain, Portugal, and in some cities in southern France during the summer. Examples are the bull run of San Sebastián de los Reyes, near Madrid, at the end of August which is the most popular of Spain after Pamplona, the bull run of Cuéllar, considered as the oldest of Spain since there are documents of its existence dating back to 1215, the Highland Capeias of the Raia in Sabugal, Portugal, with horses leading the herd crossing old border passes out of Spain and using the medieval 'Forcåo', or the bull run of Navalcarnero held at night.
Other encierros have also caused fatalities.[29]
Bous al carrer[edit]
Bous al carrer at Albocàsser
Bous al carrer, correbou or correbous (meaning in Catalan, bulls in the street) is a typical festivity in many villages in the Valencian region, Terres de l'Ebre, Catalonia and Fornalutx, Mallorca. Another similar tradition is soltes de vaques, where cows are used instead of bulls. Even though they can take place all along the year, they are most usual during local festivals (normally in August). Compared to encierros, animals are not directed to any bullring.
These festivities are normally organized by the youngsters of the village, as a way for showing their courage and ability with the bull. Some sources consider this tradition a masculine initiation rite to adulthood.[30]
Occitan area of France[edit]
An abrivado at Calvisson. The guardians are demonstrating their skill in turn a group of at least four bulls through a 360 degree turn
A bandido at Calvisson. Contact has been made with the bull: but it has not yet been stopped.
Numerous bull running events happen in France in the region around Sommières, in accordance with the Camargues tradition, in which no bull gets hurt. For instance in Calvisson, the annual event takes place around 20 July over a period of five days. There are four events: the Abrivado where over ten bulls are run together through the street guided by a group of twelve 'gardians' mounted on white Camargues horses, an Encierro where one bull is released outside the foyer and finds his own way back to the pen, the Bandido where one bull is run accompanied through the streets, and the Bandido de nuit which is the same thing but after dark. Boys and men run with the bulls and try and separate them from the horses, stop them, and physically turn them away from the horses. [31]
Stamford Bull Run[edit]
Main article: Stamford Bull Run
The English town of Stamford, Lincolnshire was host to the Stamford Bull Run for almost 700 years until it was abandoned in 1837.[32] According to local tradition, the custom dated from the time of King John when William de Warenne, 5th Earl of Surrey, saw two bulls fighting in the meadow beneath. Some butchers came to part the combatants and one of the bulls ran into the town, causing a great uproar. The earl, mounting his horse, rode after the animal, and enjoyed the sport so much, that he gave the meadow in which the fight began, to the butchers of Stamford, on condition that they should provide a bull, to be run in the town every 13 November, for ever after. As of 2013 the bull run had been revived as a ceremonial, festival-style community event.
Mock bull runs[edit]
A variation is the nightly "fire bull" where balls of flammable material are placed on the horns. Currently the bull is often replaced by a runner carrying a frame on which fireworks are placed and dodgers, usually children, run to avoid the sparks.
In 2008, Red Bull Racing driver David Coulthard and Scuderia Toro Rosso driver Sébastien Bourdais performed a version of a 'bull running' event in Pamplona, Spain, with the Formula One cars chasing 500 runners through the actual Pamplona route.[33]
"Running of the Bulls" in the French Quarter of New Orleans
The Big Easy Rollergirls roller derby team has performed a version of annual bull run in New Orleans, Louisiana since 2007. The team, dressed as bulls, skates after runners through the French Quarter. In 2012, there were 14,000 runners and over 400 "bulls" from all over the country, with huge before- and after-parties.[34][35][36]
In Ballyjamesduff, Ireland, an annual "Pig Run" is held with small pigs. It looks just like mini-encierro but with pigs instead of bulls.
In Dewey Beach, Delaware, the Starboard bar[37] sponsors an annual Running of the Bull [sic], in which hundreds of red and white-clad beachgoers are chased down the shore by a single "bull" (two people in a costume).
In Rangiora, New Zealand, an annual "Running of the Sheep" is held, in which 1000–2000 sheep are released down the main street of the small farming town.
The Running of the Bulls UK is a pub crawl event that takes place on London's Hampstead Heath and uses fast runners in place of bulls.
In 2014, Pamplona inaugurated a series of running events in June, the San Fermin Marathon, of a full marathon (42.195 km), half marathon (21.097 km), or 10 km road race that concludes with the final 900m of each race using the encierro route, runners crossing the finish line inside the bullring.[38]
Opposition[edit]
Many opponents argue that bulls are mentally injured by the harassment and voicing of both participants and spectators, and some of animals may also die because of the stress, especially if they are roped or bring flares in their horns (bou embolat version).[39] Despite all this, the festivities seem to have wide popular support in their villages[40]
Many animal rights activists oppose the event. PETA activists created the "running of the nudes", a demonstration done two days before the beginning of San Fermín in Pamplona. By marching naked, they protested the festival and the following bullfight, arguing the bulls are tortured for entertainment.[41]
The city of San Miguel de Allende, Mexico, cancelled its Sanmiguelada running of the bulls after 2006, citing public disorder associated with the event.[42] After the event was cancelled in San Miguel, the city of Salvatierra, also in the state of Guanajuato, picked up the event. It is now called La Marquesada and the three-day event is held during the last weekend of the month of September or first weekend of October.
Further reading[edit]
Alexander Fiske-Harrison, ed. (2016). Fiesta: How To Survive The Bulls Of Pamplona (3 ed.). Mephisto Press.
Bill Hillmann (2015). Mozos: A Decade Running with the Bulls of Spain. Chicago, Illinois: Curbside Splendor Publishing. ISBN 978-1-9404-3053-9.
See also[edit]
Bou embolat – version with bulls bringing flares in their horns
Bullfighting
Bull-leaping
Correbous
Jallikattu – a similar tradition in Tamil Nadu, India
Spanish-style bullfighting
References[edit]
Some links may contain graphic content where marked.
Jump up ^ Fiske-Harrison, Alexander (Editor) Fiesta: How To Survive The Bulls Of Pamplona, Mephisto Press, 2014
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Sanfermin guide. Running of the bulls". Kukuxumusu. 2007. Archived from the original on 5 May 2008. Retrieved 21 July 2008.
Jump up ^ "Bull-run hits liquor-fueled town", 2 February 2009. "The tradition, enacted in a handful of Mexican towns, traces its roots back to the centuries-old Pamplona bull-run in Mexico's former colonial power." Retrieved 4 March 2009.
Jump up ^ According to the Mayor of Pamplona in his foreword to the book Fiesta: How To Survive The Bulls Of Pamplona
Jump up ^ Running of the Bulls 2011 Live Stream (Event Information)
Jump up ^ "27 añllj ghjzest in a penises en TVE". RTVE. 2008. Retrieved 21 July 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k "The Bull Run". Ayuntamiento de Pamplona (Council of Pamplona). Archived from the original on 29 May 2008. Retrieved 21 July 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b "Sección quinta". Bando San Fermin 2014. Ayuntamiento de Pamplona. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "Encierro bullrun San Fermin festival Sanfermines tourist information on Navarre". Government of Navarre. Retrieved 8 March 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Gorka Alonso (15 July 2013). "Los encierros se saldan con 50 heridos trasladados y 6 corneados" (in Spanish). Noticias de Navarra. Archived from the original on 16 July 2013. Retrieved 15 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "Los encierros de 2012 dejan cuatro heridos por asta, los mismos que en 2011" (in Spanish). Diario de Noticias. 14 July 2012. Archived from the original on 19 July 2012. Retrieved 13 July 2013.
Jump up ^ E.F.E Pamplona (14 July 2013). "Quinta mujer corneada en los encierros de San Fermín" (in Spanish). Diario de Navarra. Retrieved 15 July 2013.
Jump up ^ Javier Doria (13 July 2013). "Montón en el encierro de Sanfermines, un peligro con historia" (in Spanish). El País. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "Especialistas destacan que el dispositivo sanitario de los encierros "no se puede mejorar" porque es "espectacular"" (in Spanish). Diario de Navarra. 18 June 2009. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k Terra Noticias. "La muerte de hoy es la número quince en la historia del encierro" (in Spanish). Noticias.terra.es. Retrieved 6 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "The last person killed at Pamplona". BBC. 14 July 2005. Retrieved 10 July 2009. ...Matthew Tassio...22 years old and came from Chicago...The...bull...hit him in the abdomen, severed a main artery, sliced through his kidney and punctured his liver
Jump up ^ "Muere el pamplonés Fermín Etxeberria, de 63 años, herido en el encierro del 8 de julio" (in Spanish). DiarioDeNavarra.es. 25 September 2003. Archived from the original on 3 August 2009. Retrieved 10 July 2009.
Jump up ^ "Bull gores man to death in Spain". BBC. 10 July 2009. Retrieved 10 July 2009. The 27-year-old was gored in the neck on Friday, during the fourth bull run of the week-long San Fermin festival. Daniel Jimeno Romero, from Madrid, had emergency surgery in hospital but died of his injuries. Earlier reports had described the dead man as British....a veteran Spanish bull-runner died after a fall in 2003
Jump up ^ "One dead in the running of the bull's in Pamplona". EncierroSanFermin.com. 10 July 2009. Archived from the original on 14 July 2009. Retrieved 10 July 2009. A runner died in today's running of the bulls in the northern spanish city of Pamplona, the bull running held during the famous San Fermin festivities. The man died after being gored in the neck and lung by a bull of the Jandilla ranch, named "Capuchino".The runner, Daniel Jimeno Romero from Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) was at the end of the street run
Jump up ^ http://gospain.about.com/od/spanishfestivals/qt/pamplonasurvive.htm
Jump up ^ Encierro de toros in the Spanish-language Auñamendi Encyclopedia.
Jump up ^ Running with Bulls on IMDb
Jump up ^ 'Running Of The Bulls', Esquire TV
Jump up ^ Vadillo, Jose Luis. 'Así son los corredores de elite en San Fermín', El Mundo. 6 July 2015
Jump up ^ Editorial Staff. 'Pamplona, bull running, bull gorings, Esquire TV and poetry from New York', The Pamplona Post. 10 July 2015
Jump up ^ Joe Distler website
Jump up ^ 'Running Of The Bulls 2015: A Democratic Sport Archived 17 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine., Esquire TV
Jump up ^ 'San Fermín So Far – 2014' Archived 15 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine. The Pamplona Post, 12 July 2014
Jump up ^ Mari Carmen López del Burgo, aged 48, from Madrid, Spain. "Muere una mujer embestida por un toro en los encierros de Arganda del Rey" (in Spanish). elpais.com. 9 September 2010. Retrieved 9 September 2010.
Jump up ^ Touristic leaflet. Festes de la Costa Blanca, Diputació Provincial d'Alacant, 2006, Alacant.
Jump up ^ "Taurine traditions". ot-sommieres.com. Office de Tourisme du Pays de Sommières. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Chambers Book of Days (1864),. W. & R. Chambers ltd. 1832. 13 November entry
Jump up ^ "Red Bull to visit Pamplona for Bull running". GPUpdate.net. GPUpdate. 11 June 2008. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
Jump up ^ Keith I. Marszalek, NOLA.com (24 June 2007). "Big Easy Rollergirls to reinact [sic] famed bull run". Blog.nola.com. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "San Fermín in Nueva Orleans, The Running of the Roller Girls". Laughingsquid.com. 20 July 2008. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
Jump up ^ Coviello, Will. "Running of the Bulls 2012". Gambit Weekly. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Dewey Beach, DE". The Starboard. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
Jump up ^ San Fermin marathon
Jump up ^ Article sobre la crueltat dels bous al carrer. (in Catalan)
Jump up ^ Article sobre la popularitat dels bous al carrer a les terres de l'Ebre. (in Catalan)
Jump up ^ Running of the Nudes. PETA official site.
Jump up ^ "No More Bull (Running, That Is) in San Miguel de Allende," Austin American-Statesman, 24 May 2007. Retrieved 4 March 2009
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Running of the Bulls.
A blog about Pamplona's annual bull-running festival
How to attend or view the Pamplona festival
Student Travel and Party at Running of the Bulls
Google Maps Route Map
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text:
Don't Go Away Mad (Just Go Away)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Don't Go Away Mad (Just Go Away)"
Single by Mötley Crüe
from the album Dr. Feelgood
Released
May 28, 1990
Recorded
1988–89
Genre
Glam metal, hard rock
Length
4:40
Label
Elektra
Songwriter(s)
Nikki Sixx, Mick Mars
Producer(s)
Bob Rock
Mötley Crüe singles chronology
"Without You"
(1990) "Don't Go Away Mad (Just Go Away)"
(1990) "Same Ol' Situation (S.O.S.)"
(1990)
"Without You"
(1990) "Don't Go Away Mad (Just Go Away)"
(1990) "Same Ol' Situation (S.O.S.)"
(1990)
"Don't Go Away Mad (Just Go Away)" is a song by Mötley Crüe. It is the tenth track from their 1989 album Dr. Feelgood and was released as the album's fourth single in May 1990. It peaked at #19 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #13 on the Mainstream rock charts.[1]
Bassist Nikki Sixx told Rolling Stone: "I saw that line in a movie somewhere, I can't even remember what movie. I thought, 'Great idea for a song.' A little tongue in cheek. A little sarcasm there." The movie referred to by Sixx could have been Heartbreak Ridge from 1986. Vocalist Vince Neil added: "That's a great song. We've been playing it for years. I love to play guitar and sing that song. It's kind of a feel-good song. When that song comes on everybody wants to sing along with you." This song also contains lyrical references to 1984's "Too Young to Fall in Love". The phrase "Don't go away mad, just go away" is also used in the song "Just Go Away" on Blondie's 1978 album Parallel Lines.
The music video shows Neil leaving New York City to join his bandmates in Los Angeles for rehearsal. Produced by Sharon Oreck through O Pictures, "Don't Go Away Mad" is the second of two Crüe videos to be directed by Mary Lambert[2] under the alias "Blanche White"[3] ("blanche" meaning "white" in French).
Personnel[edit]
Vince Neil - lead vocals, rhythm guitar
Mick Mars - lead guitar, backing vocals
Nikki Sixx - bass guitar, backing vocals
Tommy Lee - drums, backing vocals
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "AllMusic (Motley Crue charts & awards) Billboard singles".
Jump up ^ Vimeo
Jump up ^ Greatest Video Hits, DVD, 2003
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Motley Crue.
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Related articles
Discography
The Dirt
The Heroin Diaries: A Year in the Life of a Shattered Rock Star
Methods of Mayhem
58
Brides of Destruction
Sixx:A.M.
Rock Star Supernova
Nashville Outlaws: A Tribute to Mötley Crüe
Crüe Ball
Category
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Don%27t_Go_Away_Mad_(Just_Go_Away)&oldid=792705192"
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Songs written by Mick Mars
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text:
Troy: Fall of a City
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the miniseries. For the 2004 film, see Troy (film).
Troy: Fall of a City
Genre
Drama
Historical fiction
Fantasy
Screenplay by
David Farr
Nancy Harris
Mika Watkins
Joe Barton
Directed by
Owen Harris
Mark Brozel
Starring
Louis Hunter
Bella Dayne
David Threlfall
Frances O'Connor
Tom Weston-Jones
Joseph Mawle
Chloe Pirrie
Johnny Harris
David Gyasi
Jonas Armstrong
Alfred Enoch
Aimee-Ffion Edwards
Hakeem Kae-Kazim
Composer(s)
Robin Coudert
Country of origin
United Kingdom
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of series
1
No. of episodes
8
Production
Executive producer(s)
Derek Wax
David Farr
Producer(s)
Barney Reisz
Location(s)
South Africa
Running time
56 minutes
Production company(s)
BBC
Kudos
Wild Mercury
Netflix
Distributor
Endemol Shine Group
Release
Original network
BBC One (UK)
Netflix (international)
Picture format
2:1 1080i
Audio format
Stereo
Original release
17 February 2018 (2018-02-17) – present
External links
BBC website
Troy: Fall of a City is a British-American miniseries based on the Trojan War and the love affair between Paris and Helen. The show tells the story of the 10 year siege of Troy, set in the 13th century BC. The series was commissioned by BBC One and is a co-production between BBC One and Netflix, with BBC One airing the show on 17 February 2018 in the United Kingdom, and Netflix streaming the show internationally outside the UK.[1][2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Cast
2 Production
3 Episodes
3.1 Series 1 (2018)
4 References
5 External links
Cast[edit]
Louis Hunter as Paris[3]
Bella Dayne as Helen of Troy[3]
David Threlfall as Priam[3]
Frances O'Connor as Hecuba[3]
Tom Weston-Jones as Hector[3]
Joseph Mawle as Odysseus[3]
Chloe Pirrie as Andromache[3]
Johnny Harris as Agamemnon[3]
David Gyasi as Achilles[3]
Jonas Armstrong as Menelaus[3]
Alfred Enoch as Aeneas[3]
Aimee-Ffion Edwards as Cassandra[3]
Hakeem Kae-Kazim as Zeus[4]
Chris Fisher as Deiphobus[5]
Christiaan Schoombie as Troilus[5]
Alex Lanipekun as Pandarus[5]
Jonathan Pienaar as Litos[5]
David Avery as Xanthias
Lex King as Aphrodite
Amy Louise Wilson as Briseis
Inge Beckmann as Hera
Shamilla Miller as Athena
Diarmaid Murtagh as Hermes
Thando Hopa as Artemis
Nina Milner as Penthesilea[6]
Grace Hogg-Robinson as Hermione
Jovan Muthray as Kaidas
Production[edit]
The series was filmed in Cape Town and consists of eight episodes.[7] It is written by David Farr, Nancy Harris, Mika Watkins, and Joe Barton, and directed by Owen Harris and Mark Brozel.[3]
Episodes[edit]
Series 1 (2018)[edit]
No. in
series
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
UK viewers
(millions)
1
"Black Blood" Owen Harris David Farr 17 February 2018 (2018-02-17) 3.2 Million[8]
2
"Conditions" Owen Harris David Farr 24 February 2018 (2018-02-24) N/A
3
"Siege" Owen Harris Nancy Harris 3 March 2018 (2018-03-03) N/A
4
"Spoils of War" Mark Brozel Mika Watkins 10 March 2018 (2018-03-10) 1.6 Million
5
"Hunted" Mark Brozel David Farr 17 March 2018 (2018-03-17) N/A
6
"Battle on the Beach" Mark Brozel Joe Barton 24 March 2018 (2018-03-24) N/A
7
"Twelve Days" John Strickland David Farr 31 March 2018 (2018-03-31) TBD
8
"Offering" John Strickland David Farr 7 April 2018 (2018-04-07) TBD
[9]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Netflix Boards BBC Drama 'Troy' From 'Night Manager' Writer". Hollywood Reporter. March 1, 2017. Retrieved March 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Netflix Invests Nearly $2 Billion in European Productions, Promises More". Variety. March 1, 2017. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m "'Troy: Fall Of A City': Bella Dayne, Louis Hunter & More Join BBC/Netflix Epic". Deadline. March 30, 2017. Retrieved April 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Clarke, Stewart (2017-07-19). "Hakeem Kae-Kazim to Play Zeus in BBC and Netflix Series 'Troy' (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved 2017-07-19.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Troy: Fall of a City - Episode 1 - Credits". BBC One. Retrieved February 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Troy: Fall of a City - Characters - Other Trojans Loyal to Troy". BBC One. Retrieved February 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "David Threlfall and Frances O'Connor to star in BBC and Netflix's Troy: Fall of a City". Deadline. March 30, 2017. Retrieved April 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Jones, Lucy. "ANNOYED WITH TROY Troy: Fall of a City flops as just 1.6m tune in to BBC's £16million bonkbuster". The Sun. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "BBC One – Troy: Fall of a City, Series 1, Battle on the Beach". BBC One. Retrieved 2018-03-20.
External links[edit]
Troy: Fall of a City on IMDb
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