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##  Appendix A Annotation Catalog

We release the annotation of all papers we use in the survey.

###  A.1 *CL Anthology

#### Bilingual

Table 7 shows the annotation for papers with African-English. Table 8 shows
the annotation for papers with East Asian-English languages. Table 9 shows the
annotation for papers with European-English languages. Table 10 shows the
annotation for papers with Middle Eastern-English languages. Table 11 and
Table 12 show the annotation for papers with South Asian-English languages.
Table 13 shows the annotation for papers with South East Asian-English
languages. Table 14 shows the annotation for papers with a combination of a
language with a dialect. Table 15 shows the annotation for papers with
languages in the same family. Table 16 shows the annotation for papers with
languages in different families.

#### Trilingual

Table 17 shows the annotation for papers with three languages.

#### 4+

Table 18 shows the annotation for papers with four or more languages.

###  A.2 ISCA Proceeding

#### Bilingual

Table 19 shows the annotation for papers with African-English. Table 20 shows
the annotation for papers with East Asian-English languages. Table 21 shows
the annotation for papers with European-English languages. Table 22 shows the
annotation for papers with Middle Eastern-English languages. Table 23 shows
the annotation for papers with South Asian-English languages. Table 24 shows
the annotation for papers with South East Asian-English languages. Table 25
shows the annotation for papers with a combination of a language with a
dialect. Table 26 shows the annotation for papers with languages in the same
family. Table 27 shows the annotation for papers with languages in different
families.

#### Trilingual

Table 28 shows the annotation for papers with three languages.

#### 4+

Table 29 shows the annotation for papers with four or more languages.

Paper | Proceeding | IsiZulu | Swahili | isiXhosa | Setswana | Sesotho
---|---|---|---|---|---|---
|  | 5 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3
Joshi (1982) | COLING | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |
Piergallini et al. (2016) | CALCS |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Niesler et al. (2018) | LREC | $\checkmark$ |  | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$
Biswas et al. (2020) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |
Wilkinson et al. (2020) | SLTU and CCURL | $\checkmark$ |  | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$
Biswas et al. (2020) | LREC | $\checkmark$ |  | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$

Table 7: *CL Catalog in African-English.

Paper | Proceeding | Chinese | Cantonese | Korean
---|---|---|---|---
|  | 20 | 1 | 1
Fung et al. (1999) | ACL | $\checkmark$ |  |
Chan et al. (2009) | IJCLCLP |  | $\checkmark$ |
Li et al. (2012) | LREC | $\checkmark$ |  |
Peng et al. (2014) | ACL-IJCNLP | $\checkmark$ |  |
Li and Fung (2014) | EMNLP | $\checkmark$ |  |
Solorio et al. (2014) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |
Chittaranjan et al. (2014) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |
Lin et al. (2014) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |
Jain and Bhat (2014) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |
King et al. (2014) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |
Huang and Yates (2014) | EACL | $\checkmark$ |  |
Wang et al. (2015) | ACL-IJCNLP | $\checkmark$ |  |
Gambäck and Das (2016) | LREC | $\checkmark$ |  |
Wang et al. (2016) | COLING | $\checkmark$ |  |
Çetinoğlu et al. (2016) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |
Xia and Cheung (2016) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |
Yang et al. (2020) | EMNLP | $\checkmark$ |  |
Calvillo et al. (2020) | EMNLP | $\checkmark$ |  |
Lin and Chen (2020) | ROCLING | $\checkmark$ |  |
Cho et al. (2020) | CALCS |  |  | $\checkmark$
Lin and Chen (2021) | ROCLING | $\checkmark$ |  |
Lovenia et al. (2021) | LREC | $\checkmark$ |  |

Table 8: *CL Catalog in East Asian-English.

Paper | Proceeding | Spanish | French | Portugese | Polish | German | Dutch | Finnish
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---
|  | 78 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 1
Sankoff (1998) | COLING |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$
Solorio and Liu (2008a) | EMNLP | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Solorio and Liu (2008b) | EMNLP | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Peng et al. (2014) | ACL-IJCNLP | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Solorio et al. (2014) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Chittaranjan et al. (2014) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Lin et al. (2014) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Jain and Bhat (2014) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
King et al. (2014) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Carpuat (2014) | CALCS |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |
Barman et al. (2014b) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Shrestha (2014) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Bar and Dershowitz (2014) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Gambäck and Das (2016) | LREC | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Vilares et al. (2016) | LREC | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Çetinoğlu et al. (2016) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Guzman et al. (2016) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Molina et al. (2016) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Samih et al. (2016a) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Jaech et al. (2016) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
AlGhamdi et al. (2016) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Al-Badrashiny and Diab (2016) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Chanda et al. (2016a) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Shirvani et al. (2016) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Shrestha (2016) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Sikdar and Gambäck (2016) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Xia (2016) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Duong et al. (2017) | CoNLL |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |
Rijhwani et al. (2017) | ACL | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |  |  | $\checkmark$ |
Choudhury et al. (2017) | ICON | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Núñez and Wisniewski (2018) | TALN PFIA | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Pratapa et al. (2018b) | EMNLP | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Mendels et al. (2018) | LREC | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Soto and Hirschberg (2018) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Mave et al. (2018) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Bullock et al. (2018a) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Rallabandi et al. (2018) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Bawa et al. (2018) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Jain et al. (2018) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Winata et al. (2018b) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Sikdar et al. (2018) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Janke et al. (2018) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Geetha et al. (2018) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Claeser et al. (2018) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Aguilar et al. (2018) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Trivedi et al. (2018) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Wang et al. (2018) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Gonen and Goldberg (2019) | EMNLP | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Yang et al. (2020) | EMNLP |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |
Khanuja et al. (2020b) | ACL | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Aguilar and Solorio (2020) | ACL | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Cameron (2020) | JEP |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |
Ahn et al. (2020) | SCiL | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Srinivasan et al. (2020) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Patwa et al. (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
De Leon et al. (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Aparaschivei et al. (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Kong et al. (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Angel et al. (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Palomino and Ochoa-Luna (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Ma et al. (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Kumar et al. (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Advani et al. (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Javdan et al. (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Wu et al. (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Zaharia et al. (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Sultan et al. (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Zhu et al. (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Parekh et al. (2020) | CoNLL | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Gupta et al. (2020) | Findings of EMNLP | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |
Aguilar et al. (2020) | LREC | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Iliescu et al. (2021) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Xu and Yvon (2021) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |
Gupta et al. (2021b) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Jayanthi et al. (2021) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Winata et al. (2021a) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Prasad et al. (2021) | MRL | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Chopra et al. (2021) | Findings of EMNLP | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Santy et al. (2021) | AdaptNLP | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Cheong et al. (2021) | W-NUT | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Pratapa and Choudhury (2021) | W-NUT | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |  |  | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |
Xia et al. (2022) | LREC |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |  |
Mellado and Lignos (2022) | LREC | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Ostapenko et al. (2022) | ACL | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |

Table 9: *CL Catalog in European-English.

Paper | Proceeding | Egyptian Arabic | Arabic | Turkish
---|---|---|---|---
|  | 3 | 1 | 2
Rijhwani et al. (2017) | ACL |  |  | $\checkmark$
Hamed et al. (2018) | LREC | $\checkmark$ |  |
Yirmibeşoğlu and Eryiğit (2018) | W-NUT |  |  | $\checkmark$
Sabty et al. (2020) | WANLP |  | $\checkmark$ |
Balabel et al. (2020) | LREC | $\checkmark$ |  |
Hamed et al. (2020) | LREC | $\checkmark$ |  |

Table 10: *CL Catalog in Middle Eastern-English.

Paper | Proceeding | Hindi | Marathi | Konkani | Bengali | Bengali | Nepali | Telugu | Bangla | Gujarati | Punjabi | Tamil | Malayalam | Malayalam | Kannada
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---
|  |  |  |  |  | intra-word |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | scripts |
|  | 111 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 1 | 10 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 37 | 23 | 1 | 10
Joshi (1982) | COLING |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sankoff (1998) | COLING |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Bhattacharja (2010) | PACLIC |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Diab and Kamboj (2011) | ALR | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dey and Fung (2014) | LREC | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Das and Gambäck (2014) | ICON | $\checkmark$ |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Vyas et al. (2014) | EMNLP | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Jhamtani et al. (2014) | PACLIC | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Barman et al. (2014a) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Solorio et al. (2014) | CALCS |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Chittaranjan et al. (2014) | CALCS |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Lin et al. (2014) | CALCS |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Jain and Bhat (2014) | CALCS |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
King et al. (2014) | CALCS |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Bali et al. (2014) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Barman et al. (2014b) | CALCS |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Shrestha (2014) | CALCS |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Jamatia et al. (2015) | RANLP | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sequiera et al. (2015) | ICON | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gupta et al. (2016) | ICON | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asnani and Pawar (2016) | ICON | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Begum et al. (2016) | LREC | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gambäck and Das (2016) | LREC | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sitaram and Black (2016) | LREC | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sharma et al. (2016) | HLT-NAACL | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Joshi et al. (2016) | COLING | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Çetinoğlu et al. (2016) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Chanda et al. (2016b) | CALCS |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ghosh et al. (2016) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Pratapa and Choudhury (2017) | ICON | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Phadte and Thakkar (2017) | ICON |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pandey et al. (2017) | ICON | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Bhat et al. (2017) | EACL | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Banerjee et al. (2018) | COLING | $\checkmark$ |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Gundapu and Mamidi (2018) | PACLIC |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ball and Garrette (2018) | EMNLP | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Khandelwal et al. (2018) | LREC | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Kumar et al. (2018) | LREC | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pandey et al. (2018) | LREC | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hartmann et al. (2018) | LREC | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gupta et al. (2018a) | LREC | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Mandal and Nanmaran (2018) | W-NUT |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mandal and Singh (2018) | W-NUT | $\checkmark$ |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Vijay et al. (2018) | SRW | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gupta et al. (2018b) | CoNLL | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Singh et al. (2018) | SRW | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Chandu et al. (2019) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Sivasankaran et al. (2018) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Chandu et al. (2019) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Gupta et al. (2018c) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mave et al. (2018) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rallabandi et al. (2018) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Bawa et al. (2018) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Chandu et al. (2018) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Jain et al. (2018) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mukherjee et al. (2019) | ICON | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Raha et al. (2019) | ICON |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Shah et al. (2019) | AnnoNLP | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ghosh et al. (2019) | TLT, SyntaxFest | $\checkmark$ |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Srirangam et al. (2019) | SRW |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Lal et al. (2019) | SRW | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Chakravarthi (2020) | PEOPLES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |  |
Singh and Lefever (2020) | ICON |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |
Bansal et al. (2020a) | ICON |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |
Bansal et al. (2020c) | ACL | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Khanuja et al. (2020b) | ACL | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aguilar and Solorio (2020) | ACL | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rani et al. (2020) | TRAC | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pant and Dadu (2020) | SRW | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Khanuja et al. (2020a) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Singh and Lefever (2020) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Srinivasan et al. (2020) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Patwa et al. (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Liu et al. (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aparaschivei et al. (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Kong et al. (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Baruah et al. (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Srinivasan (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goswami et al. (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Kumar et al. (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Advani et al. (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
dos Santos Neto et al. (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gundapu and Mamidi (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Srivastava and Vardhan (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Srivastava and Singh (2020a) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Parikh et al. (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Javdan et al. (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Garain et al. (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Banerjee et al. (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Table 11: *CL Catalog in South Asian-English (1).

Wu et al. (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---
Baroi et al. (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gopalan and Hopkins (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Malte et al. (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Zaharia et al. (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Zhu et al. (2020) | SemEval | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Parekh et al. (2020) | CoNLL | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Chakravarthi et al. (2020a) | SLTU & CCURL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |
Chakravarthi et al. (2020b) | SLTU & CCURL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Gupta et al. (2020) | Findings of EMNLP | $\checkmark$ |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |  |
Makhija et al. (2020) | COLING | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aguilar et al. (2020) | LREC | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Chatterjere et al. (2020) | LREC | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aggarwal et al. (2020) | W-NUT | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Srivastava and Singh (2020b) | W-NUT | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Chakravarthy et al. (2020) | W-NUT | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Chinnappa (2021) | LTEDI |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |  |
Dave et al. (2021) | LTEDI |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |  |
Hossain et al. (2021) | LTEDI |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |  |
Balouchzahi et al. (2021) | LTEDI |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |  |
Agarwal and Narula (2021) | SRW | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agarwal et al. (2021) | NLP4ConvAI | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Garg et al. (2021) | Eval4NLP | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Srivastava and Singh (2021b) | Eval4NLP | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tarunesh et al. (2021) | ACL | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Srivastava and Singh (2021a) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gautam et al. (2021a) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dowlagar and Mamidi (2021a) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Appicharla et al. (2021) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Jawahar et al. (2021) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gautam et al. (2021b) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gupta et al. (2021b) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |  |
Jayanthi et al. (2021) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Parikh and Solorio (2021) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Winata et al. (2021a) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mehnaz et al. (2021) | EMNLP | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prasad et al. (2021) | MRL | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |  |
Gupta et al. (2021a) | NAACL | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ravikiran and Annamalai (2021) | DravidianLangTech |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  | $\checkmark$
Mahata et al. (2021) | DravidianLangTech |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Saumya et al. (2021) | DravidianLangTech |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |
Mandalam and Sharma (2021) | DravidianLangTech |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |  |
Dowlagar and Mamidi (2021b) | DravidianLangTech |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |  |
Gupta et al. (2021c) | DravidianLangTech |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |  |
Balouchzahi and Shashirekha (2021) | DravidianLangTech |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |  |
Dowlagar and Mamidi (2021c) | DravidianLangTech |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |  | $\checkmark$
Li (2021) | DravidianLangTech |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |  | $\checkmark$
Andrew (2021) | DravidianLangTech |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |  | $\checkmark$
Vasantharajan and Thayasivam (2021) | DravidianLangTech |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |  | $\checkmark$
Huang and Bai (2021) | DravidianLangTech |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |  | $\checkmark$
Sharif et al. (2021) | DravidianLangTech |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |  | $\checkmark$
Bharathi et al. (2021) | DravidianLangTech |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |  | $\checkmark$
Balouchzahi et al. (2021) | DravidianLangTech |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |  | $\checkmark$
Rajalakshmi et al. (2021) | DravidianLangTech |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Khan et al. (2021) | Findings of EMNLP | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Chopra et al. (2021) | Findings of EMNLP | $\checkmark$ |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Srivastava and Singh (2021c) | INLG | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Santy et al. (2021) | AdaptNLP | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Wadhawan and Aggarwal (2021) | WASSA | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Priyanshu et al. (2021) | W-NUT | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dutta (2022) | DCLRL |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Biradar and Saumya (2022) | DravidianLangTech |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Swaminathan et al. (2022) | DravidianLangTech |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
SR et al. (2022) | DravidianLangTech |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |  | $\checkmark$
Ravikiran and Chakravarthi (2022) | DravidianLangTech |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Ravikiran et al. (2022) | DravidianLangTech |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Nayak and Joshi (2022) | WILDRE-6 | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gautam (2022) | WILDRE-6 | $\checkmark$ |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sonu et al. (2022) | WILDRE-6 | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Table 12: *CL Catalog in South Asian-English (2).

Paper | Proceeding | Vietnamese | Tagalog | Indonesian
---|---|---|---|---
|  | 1 | 2 | 2
Oco and Roxas (2012) | PACLIC |  | $\checkmark$ |
Stymne et al. (2020) | CALCS |  |  | $\checkmark$
Nguyen and Bryant (2020) | LREC | $\checkmark$ |  |
Arianto and Budi (2020) | PACLIC |  |  | $\checkmark$
Herrera et al. (2022) | LREC |  |  | $\checkmark$

Table 13: *CL Catalog in South East Asian-English.

Paper | Proceeding | Darija-MSA | MSA-Egyptian | MSA-Other Dialect | Chinese-Taiwanese | MSA-Levant Arabic | MSA-Gulf | Mixed-English
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---
|  | 1 | 15 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1
Chu et al. (2007) |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |
Yu et al. (2012) | CIPS-SIGHAN |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Elfardy and Diab (2012) | COLING |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |
Solorio et al. (2014) | CALCS |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |
Chittaranjan et al. (2014) | CALCS |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |
Lin et al. (2014) | CALCS |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |
Jain and Bhat (2014) | CALCS |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |
Elfardy et al. (2014) | CALCS |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |
King et al. (2014) | CALCS |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |
Gambäck and Das (2016) | LREC |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |
Samih and Maier (2016) | LREC | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Diab et al. (2016) | LREC |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |
Molina et al. (2016) | CALCS |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |
Samih et al. (2016a) | CALCS |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |
Jaech et al. (2016) | CALCS |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |
Samih et al. (2016b) | CALCS |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |
AlGhamdi et al. (2016) | CALCS |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |
Al-Badrashiny and Diab (2016) | CALCS |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |
Shrestha (2016) | CALCS |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |
El-Haj et al. (2018) | LREC |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |
Shoemark et al. (2018) | W-NUT |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$
Attia et al. (2018) | CALCS |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |
Janke et al. (2018) | CALCS |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |
Geetha et al. (2018) | CALCS |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |
Aguilar et al. (2018) | CALCS |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |
Wang et al. (2018) | CALCS |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |
Aguilar et al. (2020) | LREC |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |
Elmadany et al. (2021) | CALCS |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |
Winata et al. (2021a) | CALCS |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |

Table 14: *CL Catalog in Dialect.

Paper | Proceeding | Komi-Zyrian - Russian | Arabizi-Arabic | Spanish-Catalan | Corsican-French | Frisian-Dutch
---|---|---|---|---|---|---
|  | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3
Eskander et al. (2014) | CALCS |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Yilmaz et al. (2016) | LREC |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$
Braggaar and van der Goot (2021) | AdaptNLP |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$
Amin et al. (2022) | BioNLP |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |
Özateş et al. (2022) | Findings of NAACL | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  | $\checkmark$
Kevers (2022) | SIGUL |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |

Table 15: *CL Catalog in Two Languages in the same family.

Paper | Proceeding | Russian-Tatar | Russian-Tatar | Turkish-German | MSA-North African | French - Arabic Dialect | Dutch-Turkish | French-Algerian | Basque-Spanish | Spanish–Wixarika
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---
|  |  | intra-word |  |  |  |  |  |  | intra-word
|  | 1 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1
Sankoff (1998) | COLING |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |
Papalexakis et al. (2014) | CALCS |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Gambäck and Das (2016) | LREC |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Çetinoğlu (2016) | LREC |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Çetinoğlu et al. (2016) | CALCS |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Djegdjiga et al. (2018) | LREC |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |
El-Haj et al. (2018) | LREC |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |
Çetinoğlu and Çöltekin (2019) | TLT, SyntaxFest 2019 |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Mager et al. (2019) | NAACL |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$
Özateş and Çetinoğlu (2021) | CALCS |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Taguchi et al. (2021) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Lounnas et al. (2021) | ICNLSP |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |
Aguirre et al. (2022) | LREC |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |
Özateş et al. (2022) | Findings of NAACL |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Taguchi et al. (2022) | EURALI |  | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |

Table 16: *CL Catalog in different family.

Paper | Proceeding | Tulu-Kannada-EN | Hindi-Bengali-EN | Greek-German-EN | Magahi-Hindi-EN | Arabic-EN-French | Darija-EN-French
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---
|  | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1
Voss et al. (2014) | LREC |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$
Çetinoğlu et al. (2016) | CALCS |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Barman et al. (2016) | CALCS |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |
Abdul-Mageed et al. (2020) | EMNLP |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |
Taguchi et al. (2021) | CALCS |  |  |  |  |  |
Rani et al. (2022) | LREC |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |
Hegde et al. (2022) | ELRA | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |

Table 17: *CL Catalog in Trilingual.

Paper | Proceeding | SEA Mandarin-English | Bangla-Chinese-Dutch- | Early New High German, | Telugu, | MSA, Berber, French, | Others (4+) | English, Swiss German | Algerian, MSA, | Mandarin-Hakka-
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---
|  |  | English-Farsi-German- | Latin, French, Greek, | Modern Standard Telugu, | local Algerian Arabic |  | Latin | local Arabic varieties, | Taiwanese-English
|  |  | Hindi-Korean-Russian- | Italian, Hebrew | English, Hindi, Urdu, |  |  |  | Berber, French, and English |
|  |  | Spanish-Turkish |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 10 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1
Wu et al. (2011) | ROCLING |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$
Adel et al. (2013) | ACL | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Volk and Clematide (2014) | CALCS |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |
Vu and Schultz (2014) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Jurgens et al. (2014) | CALCS |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Garg et al. (2018a) | EMNLP | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adouane et al. (2018) | CALCS |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Winata et al. (2018a) | CALCS | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Winata et al. (2019c) | CoNLL | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Lee and Li (2020) | ACL | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Winata et al. (2020) | ACL | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Yu and Chen (2020) | ROCLING | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adouane and Bernardy (2020) | CALCS |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  | $\checkmark$ |
Adouane et al. (2020) | LREC |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |
Sravani et al. (2021) | CALCS |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |
Xu et al. (2021) | SCiL | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Zhang et al. (2021b) | EMNLP |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Cheong et al. (2021) | W-NUT | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Malmasi et al. (2022b) | SemEval |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Malmasi et al. (2022a) | COLING |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Volk et al. (2022) | LREC |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
El Mekki et al. (2022) | SemEval |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dowlagar and Mamidi (2022) | SemEval |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Table 18: *CL Catalog in 4+ languages.

Paper | Proceeding | isiZulu | isiXhosa | Setsawa | Sesotho | Sotho
---|---|---|---|---|---|---
|  | 6 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1
Niesler and de Wet (2008) | Odyssey | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Mabokela et al. (2014) | SLTU |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$
van der Westhuizen and Niesler (2017) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |
Yılmaz et al. (2018) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |
Biswas et al. (2018a) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |
Biswas et al. (2018b) | SLTU | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |
Biswas et al. (2019) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |

Table 19: ISCA Catalog in African-English.

Paper | Proceeding | Chinese | Cantonese | Korean | Japanese
---|---|---|---|---|---
|  | 27 | 5 | 1 | 1
Fu and Shen (2000) | ISCSLP | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Kojima and Tanaka (2003) | Eurospeech |  |  |  | $\checkmark$
You et al. (2004) | ISCSLP | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Chan et al. (2004) | ISCSLP |  | $\checkmark$ |  |
Chan et al. (2005) | Interspeech |  | $\checkmark$ |  |
Ren et al. (2005) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Chan et al. (2006) | Interspeech |  | $\checkmark$ |  |
Liang et al. (2007) | SSW | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
White et al. (2008) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Qian et al. (2008) | ISCSLP | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Gu et al. (2008) | ISCSLP |  | $\checkmark$ |  |
Zhang and Tao (2008) | ISCSLP | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Cao et al. (2009) | Interspeech |  | $\checkmark$ |  |
Shuang et al. (2010) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
He et al. (2012) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Liang et al. (2013) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Li and Fung (2013) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Xue et al. (2019) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Gao et al. (2019) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Zhang et al. (2019) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Lu et al. (2020) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Hu et al. (2020) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Fu et al. (2020) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Wang et al. (2020) | Interspeech |  |  | $\checkmark$ |
Zhang et al. (2020) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Chandu and Black (2020) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Zhao et al. (2020) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Zhang et al. (2021a) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Shen and Guo (2022) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Ye et al. (2022) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Tian et al. (2022) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Song et al. (2022) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Zhang et al. (2022) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Li et al. (2022) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |

Table 20: ISCA Catalog in East Asian-English.

Paper | Proceeding | Spanish | French | German | Maltese
---|---|---|---|---|---
Pfister and Romsdorfer (2003) | Eurospeech |  |  | $\checkmark$ |
Romsdorfer and Pfister (2005) | Interspeech |  | $\checkmark$ |  |
Rosner and Farrugia (2007) | Interspeech |  |  |  | $\checkmark$
Piccinini and Garellek (2014) | SpeechProsody | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Sitaram et al. (2016) | SSW |  |  | $\checkmark$ |
Soto and Hirschberg (2017) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Ramanarayanan and Suendermann-Oeft (2017) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Guzmán et al. (2017) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Bullock et al. (2018b) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Soto et al. (2018) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Soto and Hirschberg (2019) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Chandu and Black (2020) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |

Table 21: ISCA Catalog in European-English.

Paper | Proceeding | Modern Standard Arabic
---|---|---
White et al. (2008) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$
Ali et al. (2021) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$
Chowdhury et al. (2021) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$

Table 22: ISCA Catalog in Middle Eastern-English.

Paper | Proceeding | Hindi | Marathi | Bengali | Telugu | Gujarati | Tamil | Malayalam | Kannada
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---
Sitaram et al. (2016) | SSW | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ramanarayanan and Suendermann-Oeft (2017) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ganji and Sinha (2018) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rao et al. (2018) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Thomas et al. (2018a) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |  |
Srivastava and Sitaram (2018) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rambabu and Gangashetty (2018) | SLTU | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taneja et al. (2019) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rallabandi and Black (2019) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |
Prakash et al. (2019) | SSW |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |
Sharma et al. (2020) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Manghat et al. (2020) | Interspeech |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |
Bansal et al. (2020b) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Chandu and Black (2020) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Kumar et al. (2021) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |
Liu et al. (2021) | Interspeech |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ | $\checkmark$ |
Diwan et al. (2021) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |
Klejch et al. (2021) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |
Wiesner et al. (2021) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |
Antony et al. (2022) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Manghat et al. (2022) | Interspeech |  |  |  |  |  |  | $\checkmark$ |

Table 23: ISCA Catalog in South Asian-English.

Paper | Proceeding | Malay
---|---|---
Yeong and Tan (2010) | SLTU | $\checkmark$
Yeong and Tan (2014) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$
Singh and Tan (2018) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$

Table 24: ISCA Catalog in South East Asian-English.

Paper | Proceeding | Chinese-Taiwanese
---|---|---
Lyu and Lyu (2008) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$

Table 25: ISCA Catalog in Language with Dialects.

Paper | Proceeding | Frisian-Dutch | Russian-Ukrainan
---|---|---|---
Lyudovyk and Pylypenko (2014) | Interspeech |  | $\checkmark$
Yılmaz et al. (2016) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |
Yılmaz et al. (2017b) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |
Yılmaz et al. (2017a) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |
Yılmaz et al. (2018) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |
Yilmaz et al. (2018) | SLTU | $\checkmark$ |
Wang et al. (2019) | Interspeech |  | $\checkmark$
Yılmaz et al. (2019) | Interspeech |  | $\checkmark$

Table 26: ISCA Catalog in Two Languages in the same family.

Paper | Proceeding | Kazakh-Russian | Hindi-Tamil | French-Arabic |
---|---|---|---|---|---
|  | 1 | 1 | 4 |
Amazouz et al. (2017) | Interspeech |  |  | $\checkmark$ |
Thomas et al. (2018a) | Interspeech |  | $\checkmark$ |  |
Wottawa et al. (2018) | Interspeech |  |  | $\checkmark$ |
Chandu and Black (2020) | Interspeech |  |  | $\checkmark$ |
Chowdhury et al. (2021) | Interspeech |  |  | $\checkmark$ |
Mussakhojayeva et al. (2022b) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |

Table 27: ISCA Catalog in Two Languages in different families.

Paper | Proceeding | Italian-German-English | Kiswahili-Shen-English
---|---|---|---
|  | 1 | 1
Knill et al. (2020) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |
Otundo and Grice (2022) | SpeechProsody |  | $\checkmark$

Table 28: ISCA Catalog in Trilingual.

Paper | Proceeding | SEA Mandarin-English | African Languages-English | Indian Languages-English | Others
---|---|---|---|---|---
|  | 17 | 1 | 1 | 7
Badino et al. (2004) | Interspeech |  |  |  | $\checkmark$
Oria and Vetek (2004) | Interspeech |  |  |  | $\checkmark$
Marcadet et al. (2005) | Interspeech |  |  |  | $\checkmark$
Romsdorfer and Pfister (2006) | ML |  |  |  | $\checkmark$
Lyu et al. (2010b) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Imseng et al. (2010) | Interspeech |  |  |  | $\checkmark$
Weiner et al. (2012b) | SLTU | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Adel et al. (2014c) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Adel et al. (2014b) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Giwa and Davel (2014) | Interspeech |  | $\checkmark$ |  |
Adel et al. (2014a) | SLTU | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Rallabandi and Black (2017) | Interspeech |  |  | $\checkmark$ |
Chandu et al. (2017) | Interspeech |  |  |  | $\checkmark$
Garg et al. (2018b) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Xu et al. (2018) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Guo et al. (2018) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Chang et al. (2019) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Khassanov et al. (2019) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Lee et al. (2019b) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Zeng et al. (2019) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Hu et al. (2020) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Li and Vu (2020) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Zhou et al. (2020) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Nekvinda and Dušek (2020) | Interspeech |  |  |  | $\checkmark$
Qiu et al. (2020) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |
Liu et al. (2021) | Interspeech | $\checkmark$ |  |  |

Table 29: ISCA Catalog in 4+.


[a]T. Miener

# Combined search in dwarf spheroidal galaxies for branon dark matter
annihilation signatures with the MAGIC Telescopes

D. Nieto  V. Gammaldi  D. Kerszberg  J. Rico

###### Abstract

One of the most pressing questions for modern physics is the nature of dark
matter (DM). Several efforts have been made to model this elusive kind of
matter. The largest fraction of DM cannot be made of any of the known
particles of the Standard Model (SM). We focus on brane world theory as a
prospective framework for DM candidates beyond the SM of particle physics. The
new degrees of freedom that appear in flexible brane world models,
corresponding to brane fluctuations, are called branons. They behave as weakly
interacting massive particles (WIMPs), which are one of the most favored
candidates for DM. We present a multi-target DM search in dwarf spheroidal
galaxies for branon DM annihilation signatures with the ground-based gamma-ray
telescope MAGIC leading to the most constraining branon DM limits in the TeV
mass range.

##  1 Introduction

The nature of dark matter (DM) is still an open question for modern physics.
According to the Planck 2018 results [1], non-baryonic cold DM accounts for
$84\%$ of the matter density of the Universe based on astrophysical and
cosmological evidences. Brane-world theory as a prospective framework for DM
candidates [2] proposes massive brane fluctuations (branons) as a natural TeV
DM candidate, since their characteristics match the ones of weakly interacting
massive particles (WIMPs) [3].

Dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) are preferred targets for indirect DM
searches because they are not expected to host strong conventional gamma-ray
emitters that may hinder the detection of a subdominant DM signal. In
addition, they are close by, and have high mass-to-light ratios. Finally,
compared to other very prominent targets for DM searches the Galactic Center
(GC) and galaxy clusters [4, 5], dSphs are spatially less extended. In this
work, we are searching for branon dark matter annihilation signatures in dSphs
with the MAGIC telescopes.

##  2 Branon dark matter

The expected photon flux produced by branon DM annihilation is composed of the
astrophysical factor (J-factor), which depends on both the distance $l$ and
the DM distribution at the source region $\rho_{\text{DM}}$, and the particle
physics factor, mainly the differential photon yield per branon annihilation.
It can be expressed from a given solid angle region in the sky,
$\Delta\Omega$, as

$\frac{\text{d}\Phi_{\text{BDM}}}{\text{d}E}\left(\langle\sigma
v\rangle\right)=\underbrace{\int_{\Delta\Omega}d\Omega^{\prime}\int_{\text{l.o.s.}}dl\,\rho_{\text{DM}}^{2}(l,\Omega^{\prime})}_{\text{Astrophysics}}\cdot\underbrace{\frac{1}{4\pi}\frac{\langle\sigma
v\rangle}{2m^{2}_{\chi}}\frac{\text{d}N_{\text{BDM}}}{\text{d}E}}_{\text{Particle
physics}}$ (1)

with

$\frac{\text{d}N_{\text{BDM}}}{\text{d}E}=\sum_{i=1}^{n}\text{Br}_{i}\frac{\text{d}N_{i}}{\text{d}E},$
(2)

where $\langle\sigma v\rangle$ is the thermally-averaged annihilation cross
section (our parameter of interest and therefore the only free parameter in
our likelihood analysis of Sec. 4), $m_{\chi}$ is the mass of the branon DM
particle and l.o.s. stands for line-of-sight. The differential photon yields
per annihilation into SM pairs $\text{d}N_{i}/\text{d}E$ are taken from the
PPPC 4 DM ID distribution [6]. The left panel of Fig. 1 shows the branon
branching ratios $\text{Br}_{i}$ as a function of $m_{\chi}$ [7]. The
differential photon yield per branon annihilation
$\text{d}N_{\text{BDM}}/\text{d}E$ is depicted for a set of DM masses in the
right panel of Fig. 1.

Figure 1: Taken from [7]. Left: The branon branching ratios as a function of
$m_{\chi}$ for DM masses from $10\,\mathrm{GeV}$ up to $100\,\mathrm{TeV}$.
Right: The differential photon yield per branon annihilation
$\text{d}N_{\text{BDM}}/\text{d}E$ (Eq. 2) for a set of DM masses (from light
to dark: 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and $100\,\mathrm{TeV}$).

##  3 Dwarf spheroidal galaxies observations with the MAGIC telescopes

The Florian Goebel Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC)
telescopes111https://magic.mpp.mpg.de/ are located at the Roque de los
Muchachos Observatory ($28.8^{\circ}$ N, $17.9^{\circ}$ W) on the Canary
Island of La Palma, Spain. MAGIC consists of two 17-m diameter reflector
imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs), which inspect the very-high
energy (VHE, $\gtrsim 50\,\mathrm{GeV}$) gamma-ray sky probing the most
extreme astrophysical environments in our universe.

The MAGIC Collaboration has carried out extensive observations on dSphs in the
Northern Hemisphere throughout the years, motivated by the search for DM
signals in these objects. We include the dSph observations of Segue 1 (158h),
Ursa Major II (95h), Draco (52h), and Coma Berenices (49h) with a total
exposure of 354h in our work to align with the combined model independent DM
search by MAGIC in [8]. We are also using the total J-factor and its
statistical uncertainty from Geringer-Sameth _et al._ [9] (GS15) as [8]. Their
corresponding values and its $\pm 1\sigma$ uncertainties are listed in Tab. 1
and visualized in Fig. 2.

Name | Distance | $l,b$ | $\log_{10}J$ | Zd | $T_{\text{obs}}$ | E | $\theta$ |  S${}_{\text{Li\&Ma}}$
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---
| [kpc] | [°] |  [$\log_{10}(\rm{GeV}^{2}\rm{cm}^{-5}\rm{sr})$] | [°] | [h] | [TeV] | [°] |  [$\sigma$]
Coma Berenices | $44$ | $241.89,\>83.61$ | $19.02^{+0.37}_{-0.41}$ | $5-37$ | $49$ | $0.06-100$ | $0.17$ | $-$
Draco | $76$ | $86.37,\>34.72$ | $19.05^{+0.22}_{-0.21}$ | $29-45$ | $52$ | $0.07-100$ | $0.22$ | $-$
Segue 1 | $23$ | $220.48,\>50.43$ | $19.36^{+0.32}_{-0.35}$ | $13-37$ | $158$ | $0.06-100$ | $0.12$ | $-0.5$
Ursa Major II | $32$ | $152.46,\>37.44$ | $19.42^{+0.44}_{-0.42}$ | $35-45$ | $95$ | $0.12-100$ | $0.30$ | $-2.1$
Table 1: Summary of the dSph properties and observations by the MAGIC
telescopes. We report the heliocentric distance and Galactic coordinates of
each dSph, as well as the total J-factor values and its $\pm 1\sigma$
uncertainties from GS15 [9] used in the present work. We also report the
zenith distance (Zd) range, the total observation time ($T_{\text{obs}}$), and
the energy range (E). We then list the angular radius ($\theta$) of the signal
region, the normalization between background and signal regions ($\tau$), and
the significance of detection (S${}_{\text{Li\&Ma}}$) calculated by following
Li&Ma [10]. Note that the significance of detection is not reported for Coma
Berenices and Draco in [8], but no gamma-ray excess have been found in any of
these sources. Figure 2: The total J-factor values and its uncertainties from
GS15 [9] for all considered dSphs.

##  4 Likelihood analysis method

The low-level data of the four dSph observations (see Sec. 3) were reduced by
the MAGIC Collaboration using the standard MAGIC analysis software MARS [11]
and published in [8]. We re-analysed the high-level data products (event lists
for gLike; likelihood curves for LklCom) in the context of brane-world extra-
dimensional theories using the open-source analysis software tools [12] for
multi-instrument and multi-target DM searches gLike [13] and LklCom [14].

We followed the likelihood analysis scheme proposed by Aleksić, Rico and
Martinez in [15], which is the standard DM analysis framework within the MAGIC
Collaboration [16, 17, 18, 8, 19]. Our final joint likelihood function
$\mathcal{L}$ is a nested product of the binned likelihood function for each
dSphs ($N_{\text{dSphs}}=4$) and their distinct observational datasets
($N_{\text{obs},k}$ refers to the number of datasets of dSph $k$) with their
corresponding set of instrument response functions (IRFs) caused by different
observational conditions or hardware setup of the instrument. It reads for all
datasets $\bm{\mathcal{D}}$ with nuisance parameters $\bm{\nu}$ as

$\begin{split}\mathcal{L}\left(\langle\sigma
v\rangle;\bm{\nu}\mid\bm{\mathcal{D}}\right)=\prod_{k=1}^{N_{\text{dSphs}}}\Big{\\{}\prod_{l=1}^{N_{\text{obs},k}}\Big{[}\prod_{i=1}^{N_{\text{bins}}}\Big{(}\mathcal{P}(s_{kli}&(\langle\sigma
v\rangle)+b_{kli}\mid N_{\text{ON},kli})\cdot\mathcal{P}(\tau_{kl}b_{kli}\mid
N_{\text{OFF},kli})\Big{)}\Big{]}\\\
&\times\mathcal{T}_{kl}\left(\tau_{kl}\mid\tau_{\text{o},kl},\sigma_{\tau_{kl}}\right)\Big{\\}}\times\mathcal{J}_{k}\left(J_{k}\mid
J_{\text{o},k},\sigma_{\log_{10}J_{k}}\right)\end{split}$ (3)

where $\mathcal{P}(x|N)$ is the Poisson distribution of mean $x$ and measured
value $N$, $s_{kli}(\langle\sigma v\rangle)$ and $b_{kli}$ are the expected
numbers of signal and background events in the $i$-th energy bin,
respectively, and $N_{\text{ON},kli}$, $N_{\text{OFF},kli}$ are the total
number of observed events in a given energy bin $i$ of the $l$-th distinct
dataset of the $k$-th dSph in the signal (ON) and background (OFF) regions,
respectively. Besides $b_{kli}$, the normalization between background and
signal regions $\tau_{kl}$, described by the likelihood function
$\mathcal{T}_{kl}$222The likelihood function
$\mathcal{T}_{kl}\left(\tau_{kl}\mid\tau_{\text{o,kl}},\sigma_{\tau_{kl}}\right)$
of the $l$-th distinct dataset of the $k$-th dSph is a Gaussian with mean
$\tau_{\text{o,kl}}$ and variance $\sigma_{\tau_{kl}}^{2}$, which include
statistical and systematics uncertainties. We consider a systematic
uncertainty of $\sigma_{\tau_{\mathrm{syst}}}=1.5\%\cdot\tau_{kl}$ on the
estimate of the residual background based on a dedicated performance study of
the MAGIC telescopes [21]., is a nuisance parameter in the analysis [8]. We
treat also the J-factors as a nuisance parameters using the likelihood
$\mathcal{J}_{k}$ for the J-factor of the $k$-th dSph following [20]. In the
absence of a branon DM signal, upper limits (ULs) on $\langle\sigma v\rangle$
are set using a test statistic following [20].

##  5 Results and Outlook

We present the observational $95\%$ confidence level ULs on the thermally-
averaged cross-section $\langle\sigma v\rangle$ and on the brane tension $f$
(see further details in [7]) for branon DM annihilation obtained with 354
hours of dSph observations by the MAGIC telescopes (see Fig. 3)). We perform a
multi-target search for branon DM particles of masses between
$100\,\mathrm{GeV}$ and $100\,\mathrm{TeV}$. As expected from the no
significant gamma-ray excess in the dSph observations by the MAGIC telescopes
[8], our constraints for branon DM annihilation are located within the $68\%$
containment band, which is consistent with the no-detection scenario.

This work leads to the most constraining branon DM limits in the TeV mass
range, superseding previous constraints by CMS [22] (blue), AMS-02 [23]
(orange) and MAGIC limits for Segue1 alone [7, 24] (purple). The prospects of
the future CTA [25] (magenta) and SKA [26] (yellow) are also depicted in Fig.
3. We obtain our strongest limit $\langle\sigma v\rangle\simeq 4.9\times
10^{-24}\,\mathrm{cm^{3}s^{-1}}$ for a $\sim 0.7\,\mathrm{TeV}$ branon DM
particle mass. We can achieve even more stringent and robust exclusion limits
by adding further dSph observations of the MAGIC telescopes or other gamma-ray
[27, 28] or neutrino telescopes to this analysis scheme.

Figure 3: $95\%$ confidence level ULs on $\langle\sigma v\rangle$ (left panel)
and on $f$ (right panel) for branon DM annihilation from the combined analysis
of 354 hours of dSph observations. See text for more details.

## References

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## Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias for the
excellent working conditions at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos in
La Palma. The financial support of the German BMBF, MPG and HGF; the Italian
INFN and INAF; the Swiss National Fund SNF; the ERDF under the Spanish
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) (FPA2017-87859-P, FPA2017-
85668-P, FPA2017-82729-C6-5-R, FPA2017-90566-REDC, PID2019-104114RB-C31,
PID2019-104114RB-C32, PID2019- 105510GB-C31C42, PID2019- 107847RB-C44,
PID2019-107988GB-C22); the Indian Department of Atomic Energy; the Japanese
ICRR, the University of Tokyo, JSPS, and MEXT; the Bulgarian Ministry of
Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-268/16.12.2019 and the
Academy of Finland grant nr. 317637 and 320045 are gratefully acknowledged.
This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia “Severo
Ochoa” SEV-2016- 0588, SEV-2017-0709 and CEX2019-000920-S, and "María de
Maeztu” CEX2019-000918-M, the Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu”
MDM-2015-0509-18-2 and the "la Caixa" Foundation (fellowship
LCF/BQ/PI18/11630012), by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project
IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rĳeka Project 13.12.1.3.02, by the DFG
Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3, the Polish National
Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382 and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq
and FAPERJ.
TM acknowledges support from PID2019-104114RB-C32.
VG’s contribution to this work has been supported by Juan de la Cierva-
Incorporación IJC2019-040315-I grant, and by the PGC2018-095161-B-I00 and
CEX2020-001007-S projects, both funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and
by "ERDF A way of making Europe". VG thanks J.A.R. Cembranos for useful
discussions.
DK is supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 754510. DK and
JR acknowledge the support from MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 under grants
PID2019-107847RB-C41 and SEV-2016-0588 ("Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa"),
and from the CERCA institution of the Generalitat de Catalunya.

This paper has gone through internal review by the MAGIC Collaboration.