public class XfmGeometry extends AGeometry
This object is implemented primarily as a pass-through implementation where the normals, vectors, and points for any intersection or shadow query are transformed into object space, the object operator is called, and the result is back-transformed to world space if required.
The transformed geometry is specified as a node in an XML file as:
<DynamicallyLoadedObject class="cip.raytrace.geometry.XfmGeometry" name="xfmGeomName"> <position Xfm4x4f_attributes/> <GeometryByRef name="geomName"/> <DynamicallyLoadedObject class="transformedGeomClass"> . . transformed geometry specific node content . . </DynamicallyLoadedObject> </DynamicallyLoadedObject>
|
Example of XML Specification
The following specifies a Sphere
geometry of radius 6 centered at (10,20,30):
<DynamicallyLoadedObject class="cip.raytrace.geometry.XfmGeometry" name="sphere1"> <position originAt="10,20,30"/> <DynamicallyLoadedObject class="cip.raytrace.geometry.Sphere"> <radius>6<radius> </DynamicallyLoadedObject> </DynamicallyLoadedObject>
AGeometry.Face
DEFAULT_MATERIAL, DEFAULT_NAME, m_mtl, m_strName, m_strType, XML_ATTR_FACE_PLANE, XML_TAG_FACE, XML_TAG_GEOMETRY_REF, XML_TAG_REF_NAME_ATTR
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
XfmGeometry()
Creates a new instance of a XfmGeometry transformed geometry object.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
boolean |
getBvIntersection(Bv3fIntersection bvInt,
Line3f ray)
The default implementation reports that we are in the middle of an infinitely extending bounding volume for the
object, so, the object must be tested for intersection.
|
Point3f[] |
getConvexHullVertices()
Gets the convex hull vertices of the child object, transforms them, and returns them.
|
IRtGeometry |
getGeometry() |
void |
getNaturalCoordinates(RayIntersection intersection)
This is a pseudo-natural mapping that just projects the xy (plan) object coordinates to be the "natural coordinates",
and creates the axis aligned and scaled displacement vectors for U and V.
|
boolean |
getRayIntersection(@NotNull
RayIntersection intersection,
@NotNull Line3f ray,
boolean bStartsInside,
int nSample,
int nRandom)
Gets the ray intersection.
|
void |
getXfm(Xfm4x4f xfm) |
protected void |
initForRender() |
boolean |
isConvex()
Passes the query to the child (transformed) geometry.
|
boolean |
isInside(Point3f pt)
Tests whether a point is inside ot outside the geometry.
|
void |
loadFromXml(@NotNull org.w3c.dom.Element xmlElement,
java.util.LinkedList<INamedObject> refObjectList)
This is the generic load for a geometric object.
|
protected void |
pkgToXml(@NotNull
org.w3c.dom.Element element)
Override this function to add object-specific information to an XML node.
|
void |
setGeometry(IRtGeometry obj) |
void |
setXfm(Xfm4x4f xfm) |
boolean |
testShadow(RayIntersection intersection,
Vector3f vLight,
float fDistLight,
IRtLight light,
int nSample,
int nRandom)
The default implementation returns false, that there is no cast shadow.
|
getMaterial, getName, getType, initSampling,
pkgFinishLoad, pkgParseElement,
pkgThrowUnrecognizedXml,
resolveGeometryRef,
setMaterial,
setName, toChildXmlElement, tryParseFace
public XfmGeometry()
public IRtGeometry getGeometry()
public void setGeometry(IRtGeometry obj)
public void getXfm(Xfm4x4f xfm)
public void setXfm(Xfm4x4f xfm)
protected final void initForRender()
public void loadFromXml(@NotNull @NotNull org.w3c.dom.Element xmlElement, java.util.LinkedList<INamedObject> refObjectList) throws DynXmlObjParseException
AGeometry
loadFromXml
in interface IDynXmlObject
loadFromXml
in class AGeometry
xmlElement
- The dynamically loaded object DOM Document element.refObjectList
- A linked list if named objects (implementing the INamedObject
interface)
that have already been loaded and can be used to resolve object references.DynXmlObjParseException
- Thrown if there is an error in the scene description
XML that cannot be parsed
by this object.
protected void pkgToXml(@NotNull @NotNull org.w3c.dom.Element element)
AGeometry
pkgToXml
in
class AGeometry
element
- The dynamically loaded object node that the object-specific information should be written into. The
IDynXmlObject.loadFromXml(Element,
LinkedList)
funtcion must
be overridden by the geometry implementation to be able to read the object-specific information set by
the object here.public boolean isConvex()
isConvex
in interface IRtGeometry
isConvex
in class AGeometry
public boolean isInside(Point3f pt)
IRtGeometry
pt
- (readonly) The point to be tested.public Point3f[] getConvexHullVertices()
getConvexHullVertices
in interface IRtGeometry
getConvexHullVertices
in class AGeometry
public boolean getBvIntersection(Bv3fIntersection bvInt, Line3f ray)
AGeometry
getBvIntersection
in interface IRtGeometry
getBvIntersection
in class AGeometry
bvInt
- The bounding volume intersection.ray
- The ray being tested for intersection with the bounding volume.public void getNaturalCoordinates(RayIntersection intersection)
AGeometry
getNaturalCoordinates
in interface IRtGeometry
getNaturalCoordinates
in class AGeometry
intersection
- The ray intersection.public boolean getRayIntersection(@NotNull @NotNull RayIntersection intersection, @NotNull @NotNull Line3f ray, boolean bStartsInside, int nSample, int nRandom)
AGeometry
getRayIntersection
in interface IRtGeometry
getRayIntersection
in class AGeometry
intersection
- The intersection of the ray and the surface. The intersection will be either freshly
initialized or will contain information about the closest intersection discovered thus far.ray
- The ray being tesed for intersection.bStartsInside
- false if this is an outside ray, true if this is a ray
spawned from an intersection with this object and on the inside of the object.nSample
- The pixel sub-sample index. This is used in distributed ray-tracing to make sure
the correct sample displacement is used for samples that are distributed.nRandom
- The jitter array index..public boolean testShadow(RayIntersection intersection, Vector3f vLight, float fDistLight, IRtLight light, int nSample, int nRandom)
AGeometry
testShadow
in interface IRtGeometry
testShadow
in class AGeometry
intersection
- The intersection being tested for shadow.vLight
- The direction from the intersection to the light.fDistLight
- The distance from the intersection to the light.light
- The light. This is supplied as an argument in the event an object is both a light source
and a geometry and the geometry of the light should not be tested for casting a shadow from that light.nSample
- The pixel sub-sample index. This is used in distributed ray-tracing to make sure
the correct sample displacement is used for samples that are distributed.nRandom
- The jitter array index.


Thank you for participating in our study! At BusMall we are constantly trying to improve our selection and your input is greatly appreciated!
To begin, select the one image from the three you would be most likely to purchase. You will be presented with three new images to choose from again. Continue this process for a total of 25 selections.


Secret talk with a computer
Let me show you how to talk with the computer like a real hacker
and incidentally you might learn the basics of nimib.
A secret message
Inside this document is hidden a secret message. I will ask the computer to spit it out:
echo secret
[104, 101, 108, 108, 111, 44, 32, 119, 111, 114, 108, 100]
what does this integer sequence mean?
Am I supposed to recognize it?
A cryptoanalytic weapon
Luckily I happen to have a nim implementation of
a recently declassified top-secret cryptoanalytic weapon:
func decode(secret: openArray[int]): string =
for c in secret:
result.add char(c)
The great revelation
Now I can just apply it to my secret message and
finally decrypt what the computer wants to tell me:
let msg = decode secret
echo msg
hello, world
Hey, there must be a bug somewhere, the message (hello, world
) is not even addressed to me!
import strformat, strutils
import nimib
nbInit
nbText: """
## Secret talk with a computer
Let me show you how to talk with the computer like a [real hacker](https://mango.pdf.zone/)
and incidentally you might learn the basics of [nimib](https://github.com/pietroppeter/nimib).
### A secret message
Inside this document is hidden a secret message. I will ask the computer to spit it out:
"""
let secret = [104, 101, 108, 108, 111, 44, 32, 119, 111, 114, 108, 100]
nbCode:
echo secret
nbText: fmt"""
what does this integer sequence mean?
Am I supposed to [recognize it](https://oeis.org/search?q={secret.join("%2C+")}&language=english&go=Search)?
### A cryptoanalytic weapon
Luckily I happen to have a [nim](https://nim-lang.org/) implementation of
a recently declassified top-secret cryptoanalytic weapon:"""
nbCode:
func decode(secret: openArray[int]): string =
for c in secret:
result.add char(c)
nbText: """
### The great revelation
Now I can just apply it to my secret message and
finally decrypt what the computer wants to tell me:"""
nbCode:
let msg = decode secret
echo msg
nbText:
fmt"_Hey_, there must be a bug somewhere, the message (`{msg}`) is not even addressed to me!"
nbSave


Charles Rogers: Former Detroit Lions receiver dies at 38, teammates say
by WXYZ StaffFormer Detroit Lions wide receiver Charles Rogers has died at the age of 38, according to several former players.
The Saginaw, Michigan native was a standout receiver at Michigan State in 2001 and 2002. He holds the school record for most touchdowns in a career and won the Fred Biletnikof Award in 2002 for the nation's best wide receiver. He was a unanimous first-team All American, totaling 2,821 yards and 27 touchdowns in just two seasons.
The Detroit Lions drafted him second overall in the 2003 NFL Draft, but he only appeared in 15 total games for Detroit due to injuries and suspensions for violating the NFL's substance abuse policy.
His college teammate, Chris Baker, tweeted out condolences to Rogers' family.
Other players tweeted out their condolences.
This story was originally published by WXYZ in Detroit.


Software Engineer & Full Stack Developer
I’m a Full Stack Developer with knowledge of databases and software development. Passionate about work, organized, quick learner, reliable, committed, able to keep calm under pressure and always looking for improvements to deliver a better product.
Although my professional path has taken some twists from customer service to project manager to web Developer, I have always been able to succeed, proving myself that the most important skill is the ability to learn and be passionate about what you do.
An app designed to help golfers keep track and review the scores of every game they play.
Test your memory with the best lineup of all times Click on each player once to win the game. But don't click on a player twice, or it's game over for you!
In this game you will be ask 10 questions and you only have 60 seconds to answer them. lets test your knowledge
A compatibility-based "FriendFinder" application, basically a dating app. This full-stack site will take in results from the user's survey, then compare their answers with those from other users. The app will then display the name and picture of the user with the best overall match.
Scraped news about the hottest city in South Florida, Miami
Nutritional value calculator, lets the user creates recipes and calculates the nutritional value of the recipe.


With modern and intuitive interface of tabs and accordions, you can control content to be organized within a single frame.
Welcome to our wonderful world. We sincerely hope that each and every user entering our website will find exactly what he/she is looking for. With advanced features of activating account and new login widgets, you will definitely have a great experience of using our web page. It will tell you lots of interesting things about our company, its products and services, highly professional staff and happy customers. Our site design and navigation has been thoroughly thought out. The layout is aesthetically appealing, contains concise texts in order not to take your precious time. Text styling allows scanning the pages quickly.
Site navigation is extremely intuitive and user-friendly. You will always know where you are now and will be able to skip from one page to another with a single mouse click. We use only trusted, verified content, so you can believe every word we are saying. We are always happy to greet the new visitors on our site.
Our site design and navigation has been thoroughly thought out. The layout is aesthetically appealing, contains concise texts in order not to take your precious time. Text styling allows scanning the pages quickly. Site navigation is extremely intuitive and user-friendly.
You will always know where you are now and will be able to skip from one page to another with a single mouse click. We use only trusted, verified content, so you can believe every word we are saying. We are always happy to greet the new visitors on our site. With advanced features of activating account and new login widgets, you will definitely have a great experience of using our web page. It will tell you lots of interesting things about our company, its products and services, highly professional staff and happy customers.
We sincerely hope that each and every user entering our website will find exactly what he/she is looking for. With advanced features of activating account and new login widgets, you will definitely have a great experience of using our web page. It will tell you lots of interesting things about our company, its products and services, highly professional staff and happy customers.
Our site design and navigation has been thoroughly thought out. The layout is aesthetically appealing, contains concise texts in order not to take your precious time. Text styling allows scanning the pages quickly. Site navigation is extremely intuitive and user-friendly. You will always know where you are now and will be able to skip from one page to another with a single mouse click.
Our site design and navigation has been thoroughly thought out. The layout is aesthetically appealing, contains concise texts in order not to take your precious time. Text styling allows scanning the pages quickly. Site navigation is extremely intuitive and user-friendly.
You will always know where you are now and will be able to skip from one page to another with a single mouse click. We use only trusted, verified content, so you can believe every word we are saying. We are always happy to greet the new visitors on our site. With advanced features of activating account and new login widgets, you will definitely have a great experience of using our web page. It will tell you lots of interesting things about our company, its products and services, highly professional staff and happy customers.
Welcome to our wonderful world. We sincerely hope that each and every user entering our website will find exactly what he/she is looking for. With advanced features of activating account and new login widgets, you will definitely have a great experience of using our web page. It will tell you lots of interesting things about our company, its products and services, highly professional staff and happy customers. Our site design and navigation has been thoroughly thought out. The layout is aesthetically appealing, contains concise texts in order not to take your precious time. Text styling allows scanning the pages quickly.
Site navigation is extremely intuitive and user-friendly. You will always know where you are now and will be able to skip from one page to another with a single mouse click. We use only trusted, verified content, so you can believe every word we are saying. We are always happy to greet the new visitors on our site.
The layout is aesthetically appealing, contains concise texts in order not to take your precious time. Text styling allows scanning the pages quickly. Site navigation is extremely intuitive and user-friendly. You will always know where you are now and will be able to skip from one page to another with a single mouse click.
We use only trusted, verified content, so you can believe every word we are saying. We are always happy to greet the new visitors on our site. Our blog and social media accounts are available to encourage communication and connection between clients and personnel and tell you more about us in the informal environments where we can have a dialogue instead of just a narrative like that.
We sincerely hope that each and every user entering our website will find exactly what he/she is looking for. With advanced features of activating account and new login widgets, you will definitely have a great experience of using our web page. It will tell you lots of interesting things about our company, its products and services, highly professional staff and happy customers.
Our site design and navigation has been thoroughly thought out. The layout is aesthetically appealing, contains concise texts in order not to take your precious time. Text styling allows scanning the pages quickly. Site navigation is extremely intuitive and user-friendly. You will always know where you are now and will be able to skip from one page to another with a single mouse click.
Our site design and navigation has been thoroughly thought out. The layout is aesthetically appealing, contains concise texts in order not to take your precious time. Text styling allows scanning the pages quickly. Site navigation is extremely intuitive and user-friendly.
You will always know where you are now and will be able to skip from one page to another with a single mouse click. We use only trusted, verified content, so you can believe every word we are saying. We are always happy to greet the new visitors on our site. With advanced features of activating account and new login widgets, you will definitely have a great experience of using our web page. It will tell you lots of interesting things about our company, its products and services, highly professional staff and happy customers.
You will always know where you are now and will be able to skip from one page to another with a single mouse click. We use only trusted, verified content, so you can believe every word we are saying. We are always happy to greet the new visitors on our site. With advanced features of activating account and new login widgets, you will definitely have a great experience of using our web page. It will tell you lots of interesting things about our company, its products and services, highly professional staff and happy customers.
If you need to change something in your order, please contact us immediately. We usually process orders within 2-4 hours, and once we have processed your order, we will be unable to make any changes.
We accept Visa, MasterCard, and American Express credit and debit cards for your convenience.
Delivery times will depend on your location. Once payment is confirmed your order will be packaged. Delivery can be expected within 10 business days.
Please contact our administrators for more information on returning products purchased on our website.
Yes, you can! After placing your order you will receive an order confirmation via email. Each order starts production 24 hours after your order is placed.  When the order ships, you will receive another email with the tracking number and a link to trace the order online with the carrier.


Is Your Website Showing As 'Not Secure' In The Chrome Browser?
With the release of Google Chrome 68 on July 24th, 2018, if your website does not have an SSL Certificate (HTTPS) then Google Chrome will start showing your website visitors a ‘Not Secure’ message next to the address bar. See below for an example! The easiest and cheapest solution to…


Simple HTML-page made with Bootstrap 4
HTML Basics
HTML-cheatsheet
CSS Basics
CSS-Tricks
w3schools.com
getbootstrap.com
fontawesome.com


pat's salmon cookies: sales data
go back to index
Add New Locations
Name Location
Maximum Number
Minimum Number
Averag Number


Trump wants Apple to work on 5G
by Steve McCaskillTrump wants Apple to work on 5G
Trump visits Apple campus in Texas and makes request
(Image credit: Shutterstock)
Donald Trump says he has asked Apple CEO Tim Cook for the company to get involved with the development of 5G network technology.
The two men have formed a constructive working relationship since Trump won the US Presidential Election in 2016 and have spoken on several occasions – most notably about tariffs on Chinese-manufactured goods which would affect several of Apple’s products.
This is despite the fact Cook was a supporter of Hilary Clinton’s campaign and that Trump had been critical of Apple for building its goods overseas and for refusing to unlock devices for law enforcement officials.
- Apple 'supports' 2.4m US jobs
- Apple voices opposition to US tariffs on China
- To learn more about 5G and business visit 5Gradar.com
- What is 5G? Everything you need to know
Apple 5G
Earlier this week, Trump visited Apple’s a new facility that will produce Mac computers in Austin, Texas, which is when the conversation supposedly took place.
“I asked Tim Cook to see if he could get Apple involved in building 5G in the U.S. They have it all - Money, Technology, Vision & Cook!l [sic],” Trump Tweeted.
Trump has repeatedly called for more 5G technology to be developed and made in the US, believing it to be of national importance. The President has also signed an order that effectively bans Chinese vendor Huawei from procuring goods from American companies.
However there is no major radio equipment manufacturer in the US, although Cisco, Qualcomm and others will play major roles in the 5G supply chain. It is unclear how Apple would contribute to such a specialised area of technology – even with its significant cash reserves and reputation for innovation.
Apple will of course produce 5G-enabled devices, with the first compatible iPhone expected later this year.
TechRadar Pro has contacted Apple for comment.
- Here are the best iPhone deals for November 2019


A basic understanding of networking is important for anyone managing a server. Not only is it essential for getting your services online and running smoothly, it also gives you the insight to diagnose problems.
This document will provide a basic overview of some common networking concepts. We will discuss basic terminology, common protocols, and the responsibilities and characteristics of the different layers of networking.
This guide is operating system agnostic, but should be very helpful when implementing features and services that utilize networking on your server.
Before we begin discussing networking with any depth, we must define some common terms that you will see throughout this guide, and in other guides and documentation regarding networking.
These terms will be expanded upon in the appropriate sections that follow:
Connection: In networking, a connection refers to pieces of related information that are transfered through a network. This generally infers that a connection is built before the data transfer (by following the procedures laid out in a protocol) and then is deconstructed at the at the end of the data transfer.
Packet: A packet is, generally speaking, the most basic unit that is transfered over a network. When communicating over a network, packets are the envelopes that carry your data (in pieces) from one end point to the other.
Packets have a header portion that contains information about the packet including the source and destination, timestamps, network hops, etc. The main portion of a packet contains the actual data being transfered. It is sometimes called the body or the payload.
A network interface may be associated with a physical device, or it may be a representation of a virtual interface. The “loopback” device, which is a virtual interface to the local machine, is an example of this.
LAN: LAN stands for “local area network”. It refers to a network or a portion of a network that is not publicly accessible to the greater internet. A home or office network is an example of a LAN.
WAN: WAN stands for “wide area network”. It means a network that is much more extensive than a LAN. While WAN is the relevant term to use to describe large, dispersed networks in general, it is usually meant to mean the internet, as a whole.
If an interface is said to be connected to the WAN, it is generally assumed that it is reachable through the internet.
Some low level protocols are TCP, UDP, IP, and ICMP. Some familiar examples of application layer protocols, built on these lower protocols, are HTTP (for accessing web content), SSH, TLS/SSL, and FTP.
Port: A port is an address on a single machine that can be tied to a specific piece of software. It is not a physical interface or location, but it allows your server to be able to communicate using more than one application.
Firewall: A firewall is a program that decides whether traffic coming into a server or going out should be allowed. A firewall usually works by creating rules for which type of traffic is acceptable on which ports. Generally, firewalls block ports that are not used by a specific application on a server.
NAT: NAT stands for network address translation. It is a way to translate requests that are incoming into a routing server to the relevant devices or servers that it knows about in the LAN. This is usually implemented in physical LANs as a way to route requests through one IP address to the necessary backend servers.
VPN: VPN stands for virtual private network. It is a means of connecting separate LANs through the internet, while maintaining privacy. This is used as a means of connecting remote systems as if they were on a local network, often for security reasons.
There are many other terms that you may come across, and this list cannot afford to be exhaustive. We will explain other terms as we need them. At this point, you should understand some basic, high-level concepts that will enable us to better discuss the topics to come.
While networking is often discussed in terms of topology in a horizontal way, between hosts, its implementation is layered in a vertical fashion throughout a computer or network.
What this means is that there are multiple technologies and protocols that are built on top of each other in order for communication to function more easily. Each successive, higher layer abstracts the raw data a little bit more, and makes it simpler to use for applications and users.
It also allows you to leverage lower layers in new ways without having to invest the time and energy to develop the protocols and applications that handle those types of traffic.
The language that we use to talk about each of the layering scheme varies significantly depending on which model you use. Regardless of the model used to discuss the layers, the path of data is the same.
As data is sent out of one machine, it begins at the top of the stack and filters downwards. At the lowest level, actual transmission to another machine takes place. At this point, the data travels back up through the layers of the other computer.
Each layer has the ability to add its own “wrapper” around the data that it receives from the adjacent layer, which will help the layers that come after decide what to do with the data when it is passed off.
Historically, one method of talking about the different layers of network communication is the OSI model. OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnect.
This model defines seven separate layers. The layers in this model are:
Application: The application layer is the layer that the users and user-applications most often interact with. Network communication is discussed in terms of availability of resources, partners to communicate with, and data synchronization.
Presentation: The presentation layer is responsible for mapping resources and creating context. It is used to translate lower level networking data into data that applications expect to see.
Session: The session layer is a connection handler. It creates, maintains, and destroys connections between nodes in a persistent way.
Transport: The transport layer is responsible for handing the layers above it a reliable connection. In this context, reliable refers to the ability to verify that a piece of data was received intact at the other end of the connection.
This layer can resend information that has been dropped or corrupted and can acknowledge the receipt of data to remote computers.
Network: The network layer is used to route data between different nodes on the network. It uses addresses to be able to tell which computer to send information to. This layer can also break apart larger messages into smaller chunks to be reassembled on the opposite end.
Data Link: This layer is implemented as a method of establishing and maintaining reliable links between different nodes or devices on a network using existing physical connections.
Physical: The physical layer is responsible for handling the actual physical devices that are used to make a connection. This layer involves the bare software that manages physical connections as well as the hardware itself (like Ethernet).
As you can see, there are many different layers that can be discussed based on their proximity to bare hardware and the functionality that they provide.
The TCP/IP model, more commonly known as the Internet protocol suite, is another layering model that is simpler and has been widely adopted. It defines the four separate layers, some of which overlap with the OSI model:
The communication is said to take place between peers.
Transport: The transport layer is responsible for communication between processes. This level of networking utilizes ports to address different services. It can build up unreliable or reliable connections depending on the type of protocol used.
Internet: The internet layer is used to transport data from node to node in a network. This layer is aware of the endpoints of the connections, but does not worry about the actual connection needed to get from one place to another. IP addresses are defined in this layer as a way of reaching remote systems in an addressable manner.
Link: The link layer implements the actual topology of the local network that allows the internet layer to present an addressable interface. It establishes connections between neighboring nodes to send data.
As you can see, the TCP/IP model, is a bit more abstract and fluid. This made it easier to implement and allowed it to become the dominant way that networking layers are categorized.
Interfaces are networking communication points for your computer. Each interface is associated with a physical or virtual networking device.
Typically, your server will have one configurable network interface for each Ethernet or wireless internet card you have.
In addition, it will define a virtual network interface called the “loopback” or localhost interface. This is used as an interface to connect applications and processes on a single computer to other applications and processes. You can see this referenced as the “lo” interface in many tools.
Many times, administrators configure one interface to service traffic to the internet and another interface for a LAN or private network.
In DigitalOcean, in datacenters with private networking enabled, your VPS will have two networking interfaces (in addition to the local interface). The “eth0” interface will be configured to handle traffic from the internet, while the “eth1” interface will operate to communicate with the private network.
Networking works by piggybacking a number of different protocols on top of each other. In this way, one piece of data can be transmitted using multiple protocols encapsulated within one another.
We will talk about some of the more common protocols that you may come across and attempt to explain the difference, as well as give context as to what part of the process they are involved with.
We will start with protocols implemented on the lower networking layers and work our way up to protocols with higher abstraction.
Medium access control is a communications protocol that is used to distinguish specific devices. Each device is supposed to get a unique media access control address (MAC address) during the manufacturing process that differentiates it from every other device on the internet.
Addressing hardware by the MAC address allows you to reference a device by a unique value even when the software on top may change the name for that specific device during operation.
Medium access control is one of the only protocols from the link layer that you are likely to interact with on a regular basis.
The IP protocol is one of the fundamental protocols that allow the internet to work. IP addresses are unique on each network and they allow machines to address each other across a network. It is implemented on the internet layer in the IP/TCP model.
Networks can be linked together, but traffic must be routed when crossing network boundaries. This protocol assumes an unreliable network and multiple paths to the same destination that it can dynamically change between.
There are a number of different implementations of the protocol. The most common implementation today is IPv4, although IPv6 is growing in popularity as an alternative due to the scarcity of IPv4 addresses available and improvements in the protocols capabilities.
ICMP stands for internet control message protocol. It is used to send messages between devices to indicate the availability or error conditions. These packets are used in a variety of network diagnostic tools, such as ping and traceroute.
Usually ICMP packets are transmitted when a packet of a different kind meets some kind of a problem. Basically, they are used as a feedback mechanism for network communications.
TCP stands for transmission control protocol. It is implemented in the transport layer of the IP/TCP model and is used to establish reliable connections.
TCP is one of the protocols that encapsulates data into packets. It then transfers these to the remote end of the connection using the methods available on the lower layers. On the other end, it can check for errors, request certain pieces to be resent, and reassemble the information into one logical piece to send to the application layer.
The protocol builds up a connection prior to data transfer using a system called a three-way handshake. This is a way for the two ends of the communication to acknowledge the request and agree upon a method of ensuring data reliability.
After the data has been sent, the connection is torn down using a similar four-way handshake.
TCP is the protocol of choice for many of the most popular uses for the internet, including WWW, FTP, SSH, and email. It is safe to say that the internet we know today would not be here without TCP.
UDP stands for user datagram protocol. It is a popular companion protocol to TCP and is also implemented in the transport layer.
The fundamental difference between UDP and TCP is that UDP offers unreliable data transfer. It does not verify that data has been received on the other end of the connection. This might sound like a bad thing, and for many purposes, it is. However, it is also extremely important for some functions.
Because it is not required to wait for confirmation that the data was received and forced to resend data, UDP is much faster than TCP. It does not establish a connection with the remote host, it simply fires off the data to that host and doesn’t care if it is accepted or not.
Because it is a simple transaction, it is useful for simple communications like querying for network resources. It also doesn’t maintain a state, which makes it great for transmitting data from one machine to many real-time clients. This makes it ideal for VOIP, games, and other applications that cannot afford delays.
HTTP stands for hypertext transfer protocol. It is a protocol defined in the application layer that forms the basis for communication on the web.
HTTP defines a number of functions that tell the remote system what you are requesting. For instance, GET, POST, and DELETE all interact with the requested data in a different way.
FTP stands for file transfer protocol. It is also in the application layer and provides a way of transferring complete files from one host to another.
It is inherently insecure, so it is not recommended for any externally facing network unless it is implemented as a public, download-only resource.
DNS stands for domain name system. It is an application layer protocol used to provide a human-friendly naming mechanism for internet resources. It is what ties a domain name to an IP address and allows you to access sites by name in your browser.
SSH stands for secure shell. It is an encrypted protocol implemented in the application layer that can be used to communicate with a remote server in a secure way. Many additional technologies are built around this protocol because of its end-to-end encryption and ubiquity.
There are many other protocols that we haven’t covered that are equally important. However, this should give you a good overview of some of the fundamental technologies that make the internet and networking possible.
At this point, you should be familiar with some basic networking terminology and be able to understand how different components are able to communicate with each other. This should assist you in understanding other articles and the documentation of your system.


| Number of Classes | Line Coverage | Mutation Coverage | Test Strength | Mutation Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 59% | 61% | 94% | 44%
Killed: 15
Uncertain: 0
|
| Name | Line Coverage | Mutation Coverage | Test Strength | Mutation Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LazySpringBeanAccessModel.java | 90% |
75% |
100% |
60%
Killed: 3
Uncertain: 0
|
| SpringBeansTemplateHashModelEx.java | 50% |
59% |
92% |
41%
Killed: 12
Uncertain: 0
|


Claim that punches led to fatal heart attack for father
Graeme Hughes was found dead at his home in North Muirton on November 4
by Perthshire Advertiser, https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/authors/perthshire-advertiser/A 31-year-old man has made a second appearance in private at Perth Sheriff Court, this time via video link, in connection with the death of a local man on a city housing estate.
James Williamson, of Mull Place, is accused of killing 47-year-old Graeme Hughes who was found dead at his home in Uist Place, North Muirton, on November 4, 2019.
It is alleged that he assaulted the father-of-three by repeatedly punching him on the head and body.
As a consequence, it is claimed that Mr Hughes suffered a heart attack - and that Williamson was responsible for his death.
The accused also faces a further charge of attacking - and then spitting - on employee Ali Canavci at the Istanbul take-away on Perth’s Argyll Road, also on November 4.
He is said to have repeatedly punched the other man on the head and body.
A third charge alleges that Williamson behaved in a threatening and abusive manner at the food premises by shouting, swearing and repeatedly demanding money from staff.
He is also said to have uttered racist remarks and made violent threats.
It is further alleged that the accused repeatedly shouted, swore, acted aggressively and made violent threats at Perth Police HQ and PRI’s A&E Department on November 4.
Williamson was fully committed for trial and was remanded in custody meantime.
Tributes have been paid to Mr Hughes on Facebook, with his aunt, Fiona Kaszta, stating: “It’s like a bad dream, just can’t take it in. He lit up a room the minute he walked in and was always the joker.
“He will be sorely missed by all family and friends.”
Flowers and other tributes were subsequently laid in Mr Hughes’ front garden by family and friends.


 %}
Photos from this gallery are not going to be removed, but instead will be moved to the DeerBox.
× {% trans "Yes, I am sure" %} {% trans "No, I have changed my mind" %}


Standard Radio
true
false
Styled Radio
Square or circle, sizing, color choice and optionally place the ng-content on right or left of the radio button.
Circle
Color
Sizing
Text on left
Dynamic/Flexible Radio Values
Can optionally use *ngFor to dynamically set radio group. Flexible value types can be used for any radio group.
Standard Radio: {{radio1}}
Styled Radio: {{radio2}}
Dynamic Radio: {{radio3 | json}}


Gecode::Action::Recorder< View > Class Template Reference
Propagator for recording action information. More...
#include <action.hpp>
Classes | |
| class | Idx |
| Advisor with index and change information. More... | |
Public Member Functions | |
| Recorder (Home home, ViewArray< View > &x, Action &a) | |
| Constructor for creation. | |
| virtual Propagator * | copy (Space &home) |
| Copy propagator during cloning. | |
| virtual PropCost | cost (const Space &home, const ModEventDelta &med) const |
| Cost function (record so that propagator runs last). | |
| virtual void | reschedule (Space &home) |
| Schedule function. | |
| virtual ExecStatus | advise (Space &home, Advisor &a, const Delta &d) |
| Give advice to propagator. | |
| virtual void | advise (Space &home, Advisor &a) |
| Give advice to propagator when home has failed. | |
| virtual ExecStatus | propagate (Space &home, const ModEventDelta &med) |
| Perform propagation. | |
| virtual size_t | dispose (Space &home) |
| Delete propagator and return its size. | |
Static Public Member Functions | |
| static ExecStatus | post (Home home, ViewArray< View > &x, Action &a) |
| Post action recorder propagator. | |
Protected Member Functions | |
| Recorder (Space &home, Recorder< View > &p) | |
| Constructor for cloning p. | |
Protected Attributes | |
| Action | a |
| Access to action information. | |
| Council< Idx > | c |
| The advisor council. |
Detailed Description
template<class View>
class Gecode::Action::Recorder< View >
Propagator for recording action information.
Definition at line 131 of file action.hpp.
Constructor & Destructor Documentation
| Gecode::Action::Recorder< View >::Recorder | ( | Space & | home, | |
| Recorder< View > & | p | |||
| ) | [inline, protected] |
Constructor for cloning p.
Definition at line 365 of file action.hpp.
| Gecode::Action::Recorder< View >::Recorder | ( | Home | home, | |
| ViewArray< View > & | x, | |||
| Action & | a | |||
| ) | [inline] |
Constructor for creation.
Definition at line 233 of file action.hpp.
Member Function Documentation
| Propagator * Gecode::Action::Recorder< View >::copy | ( | Space & | home | ) | [inline, virtual] |
Copy propagator during cloning.
Implements Gecode::Actor.
Definition at line 372 of file action.hpp.
| PropCost Gecode::Action::Recorder< View >::cost | ( | const Space & | home, | |
| const ModEventDelta & | med | |||
| ) | const [inline, virtual] |
Cost function (record so that propagator runs last).
Reimplemented from Gecode::NaryPropagator< View, PC_GEN_NONE >.
Definition at line 392 of file action.hpp.
| void Gecode::Action::Recorder< View >::reschedule | ( | Space & | home | ) | [inline, virtual] |
Schedule function.
Reimplemented from Gecode::NaryPropagator< View, PC_GEN_NONE >.
Definition at line 398 of file action.hpp.
| ExecStatus Gecode::Action::Recorder< View >::advise | ( | Space & | home, | |
| Advisor & | a, | |||
| const Delta & | d | |||
| ) | [inline, virtual] |
Give advice to propagator.
Reimplemented from Gecode::Propagator.
Definition at line 404 of file action.hpp.
| void Gecode::Action::Recorder< View >::advise | ( | Space & | home, | |
| Advisor & | a | |||
| ) | [inline, virtual] |
Give advice to propagator when home has failed.
Reimplemented from Gecode::Propagator.
Definition at line 411 of file action.hpp.
| ExecStatus Gecode::Action::Recorder< View >::propagate | ( | Space & | home, | |
| const ModEventDelta & | med | |||
| ) | [inline, virtual] |
| size_t Gecode::Action::Recorder< View >::dispose | ( | Space & | home | ) | [inline, virtual] |
Delete propagator and return its size.
Reimplemented from Gecode::NaryPropagator< View, PC_GEN_NONE >.
Definition at line 378 of file action.hpp.
| ExecStatus Gecode::Action::Recorder< View >::post | ( | Home | home, | |
| ViewArray< View > & | x, | |||
| Action & | a | |||
| ) | [inline, static] |
Post action recorder propagator.
Definition at line 244 of file action.hpp.
Member Data Documentation
Action Gecode::Action::Recorder< View >::a [protected] |
Access to action information.
Definition at line 154 of file action.hpp.
Council<Idx> Gecode::Action::Recorder< View >::c [protected] |
The advisor council.
Definition at line 156 of file action.hpp.
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:
- gecode/kernel/branch/action.hpp


What will your bot be?
The most crucial part of any bot is in the idea behind it. By now, you may have seen many different bots, all with different concepts, and all with varying degrees of success in implementation.
The key thing that you should be aware of - while making your bot - is what you want your bot to be.
This doesn't just mean what it does, but also the type of audience to whom you want to appeal, and what you would enjoy making.
Do you want a big bot that's popular with everyone? Or maybe a smaller, niche bot which is attractive to those who share a particular interest of yours. Perhaps you are only interested in making a bot as a test of your abilities, or as an exercise to improve your programming skills.
Whether you will be happy with the final result (or not) depends heavily on what you want at the beginning. Don't worry if you don't know exactly what you want! Often, what you want your bot to be will change as you work on it and develop it into a working bot page.
Sometimes you just need someone to come along and give you an idea out of the blue - in this case, checking out our Facebook group is a good idea. A significant portion of posts in the group are suggestions for bot pages that members would like to see be made a reality.
The key thing that you should be aware of - while making your bot - is what you want your bot to be.
This doesn't just mean what it does, but also the type of audience to whom you want to appeal, and what you would enjoy making.
Do you want a big bot that's popular with everyone? Or maybe a smaller, niche bot which is attractive to those who share a particular interest of yours. Perhaps you are only interested in making a bot as a test of your abilities, or as an exercise to improve your programming skills.
Whether you will be happy with the final result (or not) depends heavily on what you want at the beginning. Don't worry if you don't know exactly what you want! Often, what you want your bot to be will change as you work on it and develop it into a working bot page.
Sometimes you just need someone to come along and give you an idea out of the blue - in this case, checking out our Facebook group is a good idea. A significant portion of posts in the group are suggestions for bot pages that members would like to see be made a reality.


Dear User 2,
You have recently set up an account with the Innovation Funding Service. We now need you to verify your email address.
Once verified you can sign into your account.


CrashiOS would not be possible without Apple.
Thanks to bugs discovered by @EveryApplePro, @pwnsdx, @vincedes3, @pgtalal, and many others.
A special thanks to @Quix for all
his help.
To share just copy and send this link: CrashiOS.com
(Texting this link may freeze or bug messages)
DO NOT IMESSAGE THE URL TO A MAC IT IS A HUGE PAIN TO FIX!
Now for the people who didn't listen...
Delete the message from a device connected to the same iCloud account and follow the steps from this URL: appletoolbox.com


| make_ansi_style {cli} | R Documentation |
Create a function that can be used to add ANSI styles to text.
make_ansi_style(..., bg = FALSE, grey = FALSE, colors = num_ansi_colors())
... |
The style to create. See details and examples below. |
bg |
Whether the color applies to the background. |
grey |
Whether to specifically create a grey color. This flag is included, because ANSI 256 has a finer color scale for greys, then the usual 0:5 scale for red, green and blue components. It is only used for RGB color specifications (either numerically or via a hexa string), and it is ignored on eigth color ANSI terminals. |
colors |
Number of colors, detected automatically by default. |
The ...
style argument can be any of the following:
A cli ANSI style function of class ansi_style
. This is returned
as is, without looking at the other arguments.
An R color name, see grDevices::colors()
.
A 6- or 8-digit hexa color string, e.g. #ff0000
means
red. Transparency (alpha channel) values are ignored.
A one-column matrix with three rows for the red, green
and blue channels, as returned by grDevices::col2rgb()
.
make_ansi_style()
detects the number of colors to use
automatically (this can be overridden using the colors
argument). If the number of colors is less than 256 (detected or given),
then it falls back to the color in the ANSI eight color mode that
is closest to the specified (RGB or R) color.
A function that can be used to color (style) strings.
Other ANSI styling:
ansi-styles
,
combine_ansi_styles()
,
num_ansi_colors()
make_ansi_style("orange") make_ansi_style("#123456") make_ansi_style("orange", bg = TRUE) orange <- make_ansi_style("orange") orange("foobar") cat(orange("foobar"))


Select2
The Select2 widget provides a styleable select element replacement. It acts as a proxy back to the original select element, controlling its state for form submission or serialization. It duplicates and extends the functionality of a native HTML select element to overcome the limitations of the native control.
We have used Select2 plugin as a reference which we have then customized based on our Propeller theme.
For more options and documentation, visit : Select2
Propeller Select2
To create an enhanced simple select, add .pmd-select2
to the select tag.
Select2 with Multiple Tags
For selectbox with multiple tags add .pmd-select2-tags
to the select
tag.
Select2 with Search and Custom Tags
To create custom multiple tags add .pmd-select2-tags
to the select tag.
Configuration Options
The Propeller CSS classes apply various predefined visual enhancements to the form elements. The table lists the available classes and their effects.
| Propeller Class | Effect | Remark |
|---|---|---|
.pmd-select2 |
Add this class to create simple selectbox | Optional |
.pmd-select2-tags |
Add this class to create selectbox with tags | Optional |
.pmd-textfield |
Class added for general label and input formatting. | Required |
.pmd-textfield-floating-label |
Adds floating animation to the label of input | Optional |


I'm an engineer and boardsports-lover based in D.C. [and relocating to Miami in August] dedicated to building solutions for passionate people.
Currently, I'm helping manage how the next generation of ships are built as a marine engineer with Alion. Before that, I raised a small investment round and founded Maritant. Maritant is a B2B ecommerce platform that allows marine professionals to find industrial equipment data and connect with vendors.
In July, I completed a six-month Full Stack Developer program with George Washington University. As a hacker, I enjoy creating applications with the MERN stack, like this new version of Maritant 2.0.
When I'm not building software, I can be found on an adventure with family/friends either exploring the city by bike, kitesurfing, wakeboarding, surfing or snowboarding.


I'm not really sure how much John Darnielle might enjoy hearing it (though I suspect that he wouldn't mind, since he's another of those wonderful hi/low culture is bunk people that I adore), but it totally makes sense, in my head, anyway, that a direct line can be drawn from "A Long December" by the Counting Crows to The Mountain Goats' "This Year."
This isn't just because of the "two syllable adjective/plural monosyllable animal" naming similarity, though I certainly have a giddy smile about that realization as well.
Here's the thing: The first time I heard "A Long December" I was in college, a freshman, dating the first girl I ever seriously dated, who was, not coincidentally, the first girl I ever dated that felt music as deeply as i did(that sort of deep feeling about music marks most of my serious relationships, perhaps an entirely different post). Soon thereafter, I began when I judging the entirety of the year on whether or not the line "maybe this year will be better than the last" rang true. The first few years I definitely had enough angst that I kept hoping that, indeed, the new year would be better than the last. It felt like an accomplishment when, in fact, I eventually reached a year when I didn't need to judge my years this way anymore.
"This Year" lays out a similar challenge--a line that can be used as a litmus test, a way to stack up the past year and compare it to the present (or perhaps, near future). "I am gonna make it, through this year, if it kills me," Darnielle sings over and over, the chanted mantra-maniacal refrain that the abused, determined teenager in all of us relates to. As I've written elsewhere before, this song was a turning point for me--the centerpiece of an album that taught me I could still be crushed by music, coming during a time when I was reinventing myself, re-examining what it meant to be me, reconsidering any choices I had made, a quarterlife crisis "ready for the bad things to come," a time in which I certainly understood "twin high maintenance machines."
For this year, at least, I feel challenged, and full of growth, and just well, in general. There's not enough angst that makes me spit in the near future's eye to tell it that "I am gonna make it, through this year, if it kills me." I recognize the fragility inherent in this statement, that I'm content and that I don't need to look at this year that way--and perhaps that fragility is precisely what resonates so deeply to me about both Duritz's words that note, "I cant remember all the times I tried to tell my myself/To hold on to these moments as they pass" and Darnielle recalling a scene that "ends badly as you might imagine/in a cavalcade of anger and fear."
"It's gonna take you people years to recover from all of the damage," Darnielle's voice raises to the heavens later on in The Sunset Tree, again taking a unit of time and giving it more meaning than perhaps the rotation around the sun deserves. This is a natural, universal marker, and I'm glad that he shares it with us.
Counting Crows, "A Long December (piano version)"
[audio:LongDecemberpiano.mp3]
The Mountain Goats, "This Year"
[audio:ThisYear.mp3]


This document defines a standard set of data types and data structures, to aid interoperability of peers at the application level of an EPICS V4 network.
The types described here are approximately equivalent to EPICS V3 "DBR types", though Normative Types extend the concept to structured data. Additionally these types may be used to define pvIOC records, or may be used purely for data exchange though the dynamic data exchange interfaces offered by pvAccess and pvData.
The basic structure of all Normative Types is described, including how a pvData datum identifies itself as conforming to a Normative Type, and the definition of each Normative Type is given.
For more information about EPICS, please refer to the home page of the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System.
This is the January 20th, 2012 version of the Normative Types document. This version differs from the previous mainly in addition of Abstract, Status, much reworked beginning material for distinguishing non-terminal constructs from terminals, and adding descriptive text. This version is an editors draft towards the First Public Working Draft. The First Public Working Draft will be intended for the EPICS community to review and comment. Resulting comments will drive subsequent revisions of the Normative Types specification and the EPICS V4 Working Group's reference implementations of software that helps create, populate and exchange Normative Type PVData.
Comments are welcome, though bear in mind this is a pre-public release version.
The terms MUST, MUST NOT, SHOULD, SHOULD NOT, REQUIRED, and MAY when highlighted (through style sheets, and in uppercase in the source) are used in accordance with RFC 2119 [RFC2119]. The term NOT REQUIRED (not defined in RFC 2119) indicates exemption.
The Normative Types described in this document are intended to be a set of well known data types, including structured data types, capable of handling a significant portion of data exchanges common in big science. Since EPICS V4 makes it possible to exchange an infinite variety of structured data types between EPICS V4 peers, the intention is that by conforming only to Normative Types, a peer can ensure that any Normative Type conforming client will be able to understand the data transmitted to it, and be able to take processing steps appropriate to that data.
The EPICS version 4 module PVData [bib:pvdata] supplies a typing mechanism and object management API for efficiently defining, creating, accessing and updating memory resident structured data. EPICS V4 module PVAccess [bib:pvaccess] supports the efficient exchange of pvData defined data between EPICS V4 network peers. EPICS V4 Normative Types, defines some general purpose data types, that build on the pvData. These are designed to be generally applicable to controls and the application level of scientific instruments.
For example, when a client receives a pvData datum which identifies itself as being of type NTScalar, the client will know to expect the scalar's value will be accompanied by an indication of alarm severity and a timestamp (see example below).
An example of a simple normative type is the NTScalar:
structure NTScalar timeStamp_t timeStamp alarm_t alarm double valueA bit more complex example; if a client receives a pvData datum which identifies itself as being of type NTTable, it knows it should expect the datum to be composed of some header fields giving the name of table, an alarm, timestamp, title, followed by 0 or more arrays of different types (which it must discover through the introspection interface) and should render appropriately as a table, with columns corresponding to the different arrays, and rows being the same numbered elements of each array:
structure NTTable string name // optional field alarm_t alarm // optional field timeStamp_t timeStamp // optional field string[] label // The title of the table, optional ntfield_t[] <namedData> // an array of any valid normative field type, nominally a column ... // an arbitrary number of ntfield_t[] fields can appear, including none
A Normative Type can be used both for sending data from client to service and from service to client.
All the EPICS V4 Normative Types are defined as particular structure definitions of pvData Structure. This is true even of the Normative Types describing simple values like a single int, since a given Normative Type defined datum may include alarm or timestamp. Hence, all Normative Types are structures.
The syntax for describing the Normative Types is an extension of the meta data syntax defined by pvData.
Definition: Normative Type
The Normative Types defined in this document each have the following general form:
Informally the syntax for a normative type definition follows the pattern below. That is, a Normative Type is a structure composed of fields and the fields may be arrays:
structure NT<name> ntfield_t fieldName // or ntfield_t[] fieldName ...where
Each field of a normative type ( ntfield_t ) MUST be one of the following, or an array of one of the following, or a structure conforming to these rules for a Normative Type (at present, no actual Normative Type defined below takes advantage of the recursion).
Note that of all the Normative Type fields only scalar_t is of simple type, that is, having a single or array value. All the others are represented by a structure (see Structure Normative Fields below).
A scalar field MUST be one of the following pvData types:
boolean // true or false byte // 8 bit signed integer short // 16 bit signed integer int // 32 bit signed integer long // 64 bit signed integer float // single precision IEEE 754 double // double precision IEEE 754 string // UTF-8 *
NOTE: There is no specific support for unsigned types in pvData. * See definition in RESOLUTION of 4-Oct.
A scalar array field can be any of the following:
boolean[] // array of true or false byte[] // array of 8 bit signed integer short[] // array of 16 bit signed integer int[] // array of 32 bit signed integer long[] // array of 64 bit signed integer float[] // array of single precision IEEE 754 double[] // array of double precision IEEE 754 string[] // array of UTF-8 *
The structured normative fields are all have Type structure.
structure anyName int index string[] choices
where
structure timeStamp long secsPastEpoch int nanoseconds int userTag
where
pvData provides two helper classes for a timeStamp structure: timeStamp, and PVTimeStamp.
structure alarm int severity int status string message
where
pvData provides two helper classes for an alarm structure: alarm, and PVAlarm.
structure alarmLimit double highAlarm double highWarning double lowWarning double lowAlarm
where
structure display structure limit double low double high string description string format string units
where
structure control structure limit double low double high
where
The following shows normative fields that have pvData type structureArray.
enum_t[] anyName
where
timeStamp_t[] anyName
where
alarm_t[] anyName
where
alarmLimit_t[] anyName
where
display_t[] anyName
where
control_t[] anyName
where
Since a primary reason for Normative Types is to interoperably pass data between EPICS V4 endpoints, particularly where the receiver may be generic code and take action on the data alone with no context (think caget), some support for optional meta data are included. The sense and interpretation in a given use case are not defined by Normative Types.
When it makes sense, an object of Normative Type may optionally include a field named "ref" and of type string, to be used to give identity, name, or sense information. For instance, it may be valued with the name of a device associated with control data, or the run number of a table of model data.
structure NTxxx string ref
When it makes sense, an object of Normative Type may optionally include an alarm field.
structure NTxxx alarm_t alarm
When it makes sense, an object of Normative Type may optionally include a time stamp field.
structure NTxxx timeStamp_t timeStamp
The General Normative Types are for encapsulating data of any kind of application or use case. Compare to Specific Normative Types defined later in this document, and which are oriented to particular use cases.
A NTScalar is a top level structure that has the following form:
structure NTScalar scalar_t value string ref // optional field timeStamp_t timeStamp // optional field alarm_t alarm // optional field display_t display // optional field control_t control // optional field
where
A NTEnum is a top level structure that has the following form:
structurer NTEnum enum_t value string ref // optional field timeStamp_t timeStamp // optional field alarm_t alarm // optional field
where
A NTArray is a top level structure that has the following form:
structure NTArray scalar_t[] value string ref // optional field timeStamp_t timeStamp // optional field alarm_t alarm // optional field display_t display // optional field int[] dim // optional field
where
Specific normative types are types defined by the EPICS V4 working group and are oriented towards specific uses and applications. Compare to General Normative Types defined above. The currently defined types are each described in a section below.
Some generic attributes are:
This is a type appropriate for many RPC (Remote Procedure Call) service requests.
structure NTNameValue string[] names string[] values string ref // optional field timeStamp_t timeStamp // optional field alarm_t alarm // optional field
where
MultichannelArray aggregates an array of scalar values into a single array variable.
structure NTMultichannelArray string ref // optional field alarm_t alarm // optional field timeStamp_t timeStamp // optional field double[] value // The array of scalar values. int[] severity // severity associated with each value double[] position // The absolute or relative position of each scalar. double[] deltaTime // The time relative to the timeStamp in seconds.
where
NTTimeDomainArray expresses an array of values that have a constant time between each value.
structure NTTimeDomainArray string ref // optional field alarm_t alarm // optional field timeStamp_t timeStamp // optional field double deltaTime // Time in seconds between each sample. scalar_t[] value // array of numeric type
where
structure NTFrequencyDomainArray string ref // optional field alarm_t alarm // optional field timeStamp_t timeStamp // optional field double deltaFrequency // Frequency in HZ double firstFrequency // frequency of the value[0] scalar_t[] value // array of any numeric type
where
structure NTHistogram string ref // optional field alarm_t alarm // optional field timeStamp_t timeStamp // optional field double firstValue // The lowest value in the interval represented by the histogram double lastValue // The highest value in the interval represented by the histogram enum_t mode // LINEAR and LOGARITHMIC long[] values // The counts, or size, of each bin interval. integer types are unsigned
When mode = LINEAR, the number of bins may be assumed the length of the values array, and all bin widths to be the same and equal to (lastValue-firstvalue)/(number of bins).
Needs clarification for case of mode = LOGARITHMIC
NEEDS WORK
NTStatistic compresses time domain data. It may be used for archive data, or compressing time domain data, or time domain rebasing. For instance, you have an FPGA sending data at 10KHz, and you want to archive its output, but you can't archive at the native rate.
structure NTStatistic string ref // optional field alarm_t alarm // optional field timeStamp_t timeStamp // optional field double firstValue timeStamp_t firstValueTimeStamp double lastValue timeStamp_t lastValueTimeStamp double highValue double lowValue double aveValue double stdDev int N
where
The EPICS V4 image type (NTImage) will be a superset of this functionality. The variant type used for encoding metadata is also suitable for encoding table columns. byte [] data may contain a compressed image so the size may not be at least prod(dim) * element_size(datatype)
An NTImage is composed of three parts:
structure NTImage // Array part // Image part // metadata part
Each of these will be discussed separately.
structure NTImage scalar_t[] value string ref // optional field timeStamp_t timeStamp // optional field alarm_t alarm // optional field display_t display // optional field int[] dim // Image part // Metadata part
These fields are the same as for NTArray defined previously.
A generic tool that operates on NTArrays will be able to use the image as long as compression is not used.
structure NTImage // Array part int colorMode int bayerPattern char [4] fourcc int [] offset // same length as dims, start of readout int [] binning int [] reverse int [] fullDim // Metadata part
where
NDColorModeMono = 0, /** Monochromatic image */ NDColorModeBayer = 1, /** Bayer pattern image, 1 value per pixel but with color filter on detector */ NDColorModeRGB1 = 2, /** RGB image with pixel color interleave, data array is [3, NX, NY] */ NDColorModeRGB2 = 3, /** RGB image with row color interleave, data array is [NX, 3, NY] */ NDColorModeRGB3 = 4, /** RGB image with plane color interleave, data array is [NX, NY, 3] */ NDColorModeYUV444 = 5, /** YUV image, 3 bytes encodes 1 RGB pixel */ NDColorModeYUV422 = 6, /** YUV image, 4 bytes encodes 2 RGB pixel */ NDColorModeYUV411 = 7 /** YUV image, 6 bytes encodes 4 RGB pixels */
NDBayerRGGB = 0, /** First line RGRG, second line GBGB... */ NDBayerGBRG = 1, /** First line GBGB, second line RGRG... */ NDBayerGRBG = 2, /** First line GRGR, second line BGBG... */ NDBayerBGGR = 3 /** First line BGBG, second line GRGR... */
Each metadata field is a variant structure. A variant structure defines a structure that is a "table" where each column is an array of a scalar types, an array of alarms, or an array of timeStamps. A variant structure is defined as:
structure variant string name int dataType boolean [] booleanValue byte [] byteValue short [] shortValue int [] intValue long [] longValue float [] floatValue double [] doubleValue string [] stringValue timestamp_t [] timeStampValue alarm_t [] alarmValue
where
0 - boolean 1 - byte 2 short 3 int 4 long 5 float 6 double 7 string 8 timeStamp 9 alarm
The metadata portion of NTImage is:
structure NTImage // Array part // Image part // Experimental MetaData part int uniqueId string [] attributeDescriptions int [] attributeSourceTypes string [] attributeSources variant_t [] attributes
where
NDAttrSourceDriver = 0, /** Attribute is obtained directly from driver */ NDAttrSourceParam, /** Attribute is obtained from parameter library */ NDAttrSourceEPICSPV /** Attribute is obtained from an EPICS PV */
NTTable is intended to be used when exchanging data which looks like a table. For instance a table of BPM values of a whole accelerator section, or contents of a JDBC ResultSet.
structure NTTable string ref // optional field alarm_t alarm // optional field timeStamp_t timeStamp // optional field string[] labels // text describing each field below, i.e. column labels ntfield_t[] xxx // an array of any valid normative field type ... // an arbitrary number of ntfield_t[] fields can appear including none
This represents a table. The number of "columns" is equal to the number of fields which follows labels. Each xxx field has the data for its "column." The number of xxx fields and the length of labels MUST be the same, which is the number of "columns" in the table. All xxx fields must have the same length, being the number of "rows" in the table. The value of each element of labels can be used as a column heading for the corresponding xxx field.
Note that the above description is given in terms of a table and its columns, but there is nothing specifically columnar about how this data may be rendered. A user may choose to print the fields row wise. For instance, if there are many fields, but each has only length 1 or 2.
Users and developers using EPICS V4 are free to define their own special purpose types on top of PVStructure (or the other PV Types) but should note that only the Normative Types defined here (NT*) above, are intended to be understood by all general purpose EPICS V4 services and clients.


|
Class Summary |
| AddStaff |
This class is a control class which is responsible for managing information
of personnel. |
| AllTableModel |
This class generates a newly defined table model for our project
so that all the tables cannot be modified actively via directly
click on each cell |
| Appointment |
It is the basic class of an appointment and it defines all
the integral attributes of an appointment |
| Appointment_Panel |
This is the panel for checking appointments for a specialist. |
| Booking_Panel |
This is the panel for booking. |
| ChangeMember |
Since member's information maybe changed and maintained, this class is responsible
for such kind of functions. |
| CreateMember |
This control class is used to create a member's profile. |
| Dairy_Panel |
This is the panel for maintain the dairy of a specialist. |
| DateTest |
This class is an auxiliary class which defines some functions related to the operation
of time. |
| GenerateMemID |
This class is an auxiliary class used to generate an available ID for the
registration of member so that no duplicated ID exits. |
| GetAllBooking |
To acquire the whole booking records with appointment flag to be 1 rather than 0. |
| GetAppointment |
This class defines the method to get appointments from files |
| GetSpectBook |
To obtain specific booking records which only belongs to the current specialist. |
| HandleAppointment |
This class is used to handle various methods of appointments |
| Initialization |
|
| Login_UI |
This is the interface of login process |
| Manager_UI |
This is the interface of manager |
| Member |
It is the basic class of a member and it defines all
the integral attributes of a member |
| Member_Panel |
This is the panel for maintain member's profile, including reading
in member's information, his/her history appointments and some other
details |
| Member_Registration |
This is the registration frame for members |
| OutputAppointment |
This class is used to print out all the appointments onto the
screen or into the files |
| Physiotherapist_UI |
This is the interface for Physiotherapist |
| Receptionist_UI |
This class generates the interface for Receptionist |
| Records_Panel |
This is the panel for to view all the records |
| RemoveStaff |
This control class is used to remove the staff record from its related file |
| Room |
This auxiliary class is used to deal with operations on rooms. |
| Room_Panel |
This is the panel for maintain the information of rooms |
| Room_Registration |
This is the registration frame for rooms |
| Spectialist_UI |
This class generates the interface for nutritionist or trainer |
| Staff |
This auxiliary class is used to deal with operations on staff. |
| Staff_Panel |
This panel is used to maintain the information of all the stuff for
managers |
| Staff_Registration |
This is the registration frame for staff |
| StaffAccount |
This is an auxiliary class used to identify attributes of the account of staff |
| StatusBar |
This class generates the widely used status bar at the bottom of each
interface for users. |
| UI_control |
This contains the main function to run the DEMO. |
| UserInterface |
This is the super interface for all the UI class of specialists |