Current Foretry Production and Trade workflow
The book focuses on SWS statistical processes on progress. However, it is important to provide an overview of the current statistical value chain carried by FOA.
Data Collection
The FORESTRY PRODUCTION AND TRADE data collection relies on the Joint Forestry Sector Questionnaire distpatch. The dispatch of the same harmonized questionnaire is carried out by FAO by its international partners:
- ITTO : The International Tropical Timber Organization
- Eurostat : The European Statistics
- UNECE : The United Nations Economic Comission for Europe
| country | partner |
|---|---|
| Afghanistan | FAO |
| Africa | NA |
| Albania | ECE |
| Algeria | FAO |
| American Samoa | NA |
| Andorra | ECE |
| Angola | FAO |
| Anguilla | NA |
| Antarctica | NA |
| Antigua and Barbuda | FAO |
| Argentina | FAO |
| Armenia | ECE |
| Aruba | NA |
| Asia | NA |
| Australia | FAO |
| Austria | EUROSTAT |
| Azerbaijan | ECE |
| Bahamas | FAO |
| Bahrain | FAO |
| Bangladesh | FAO |
| Barbados | FAO |
| Belarus | ECE |
| Belgium | EUROSTAT |
| Belgium-Luxembourg | NA |
| Belize | FAO |
| Benin | ITTO |
| Bhutan | FAO |
| Bolivia (Plurinational State of) | FAO |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | ECE |
| Botswana | FAO |
| Brazil | ITTO |
| British Indian Ocean Territory | NA |
| British Virgin Islands | NA |
| Brunei Darussalam | FAO |
| Bulgaria | EUROSTAT |
| Burkina Faso | FAO |
| Burundi | FAO |
| Cabo Verde | FAO |
| Cambodia | ITTO |
| Cameroon | ITTO |
| Canada | ECE |
| Cayman Islands | NA |
| Central African Republic | ITTO |
| Chad | FAO |
| Chile | FAO |
| China– Hong Kong SAR | FAO |
| China– Macao SAR | FAO |
| China– mainland | FAO |
| China– Taiwan Province of | FAO |
| Christmas Island | NA |
| Cocos (Keeling) Islands | NA |
| Colombia | ITTO |
| Comoros | FAO |
| Congo | ITTO |
| Cook Islands | FAO |
| Costa Rica | ITTO |
| CÃ´te d’Ivoire | ITTO |
| Croatia | EUROSTAT |
| Cuba | FAO |
| CuraÃ§ao | NA |
| Cyprus | EUROSTAT |
| Czech Republic | EUROSTAT |
| Czechoslovakia | NA |
| Democratic People’s Republic of Korea | FAO |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | ITTO |
| Denmark | EUROSTAT |
| Djibouti | FAO |
| Dominica | FAO |
| Dominican Republic | FAO |
| Ecuador | ITTO |
| Egypt | FAO |
| El Salvador | FAO |
| Equatorial Guinea | FAO |
| Eritrea | FAO |
| Estonia | EUROSTAT |
| Ethiopia | FAO |
| Ethiopia PDR | FAO |
| Europe | NA |
| Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | NA |
| Faroe Islands | NA |
| Fiji | ITTO |
| Finland | EUROSTAT |
| France | EUROSTAT |
| French Guiana | NA |
| French Polynesia | NA |
| French Southern and Antarctic Territories | NA |
| Gabon | ITTO |
| Gambia | FAO |
| Georgia | ECE |
| Germany | EUROSTAT |
| Ghana | ITTO |
| Gibraltar | NA |
| Greece | EUROSTAT |
| Greenland | NA |
| Grenada | FAO |
| Guadeloupe | NA |
| Guatemala | ITTO |
| Guinea | FAO |
| Guinea-Bissau | FAO |
| Guyana | ITTO |
| Haiti | FAO |
| Honduras | ITTO |
| Hungary | EUROSTAT |
| Iceland | EUROSTAT |
| India | ITTO |
| Indonesia | ITTO |
| Iran (Islamic Republic of) | FAO |
| Iraq | FAO |
| Ireland | EUROSTAT |
| Israel | ECE |
| Italy | EUROSTAT |
| Jamaica | FAO |
| Japan | ITTO |
| Jordan | FAO |
| Kazakhstan | ECE |
| Kenya | FAO |
| Kiribati | FAO |
| Kuwait | FAO |
| Kyrgyzstan | ECE |
| Lao People’s Democratic Republic | FAO |
| Latin America & Caribbean | NA |
| Latvia | EUROSTAT |
| Lebanon | FAO |
| Lesotho | FAO |
| Liberia | ITTO |
| Libya | FAO |
| Liechtenstein | EUROSTAT |
| Lithuania | EUROSTAT |
| Luxembourg | EUROSTAT |
| Madagascar | ITTO |
| Malawi | FAO |
| Malaysia | ITTO |
| Maldives | FAO |
| Mali | ITTO |
| Malta | EUROSTAT |
| Marshall Islands | NA |
| Martinique | NA |
| Mauritania | FAO |
| Mauritius | FAO |
| Mayotte | NA |
| Mexico | ITTO |
| Micronesia (Federated States of) | NA |
| Mongolia | FAO |
| Montenegro | ECE |
| Montserrat | NA |
| Morocco | FAO |
| Mozambique | ITTO |
| Myanmar | ITTO |
| Namibia | FAO |
| Nauru | NA |
| Nepal | FAO |
| Netherlands | EUROSTAT |
| Netherlands Antilles | NA |
| New Caledonia | NA |
| New Zealand | FAO |
| Nicaragua | FAO |
| Niger | FAO |
| Nigeria | FAO |
| Niue | NA |
| Norfolk Island | NA |
| Northern America | NA |
| Northern Mariana Islands | NA |
| Norway | EUROSTAT |
| Occupied Palestinian Territory | NA |
| Oceania | NA |
| Oman | FAO |
| Pacific Islands Trust Territory | NA |
| Pakistan | FAO |
| Palau | NA |
| Panama | ITTO |
| Papua New Guinea | ITTO |
| Paraguay | ITTO |
| Peru | ITTO |
| Philippines | ITTO |
| Pitcairn Islands | NA |
| Poland | EUROSTAT |
| Portugal | EUROSTAT |
| Qatar | FAO |
| Republic of Korea | FAO |
| Republic of Moldova | ECE |
| RÃ©union | NA |
| Romania | EUROSTAT |
| Russian Federation | ECE |
| Rwanda | FAO |
| Saint Helena– Ascension and Tristan da Cunha | NA |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | FAO |
| Saint Lucia | FAO |
| Saint Pierre and Miquelon | NA |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | NA |
| Saint-Martin (French Part) | NA |
| Samoa | FAO |
| Sao Tome and Principe | FAO |
| Saudi Arabia | FAO |
| Senegal | FAO |
| Serbia | ECE |
| Serbia and Montenegro | NA |
| Seychelles | FAO |
| Sierra Leone | FAO |
| Singapore | FAO |
| Slovakia | EUROSTAT |
| Slovenia | EUROSTAT |
| Solomon Islands | FAO |
| Somalia | FAO |
| South Africa | FAO |
| South Sudan | FAO |
| Spain | EUROSTAT |
| Sri Lanka | FAO |
| Sudan | FAO |
| Sudan (former) | NA |
| Suriname | ITTO |
| Swaziland | FAO |
| Sweden | EUROSTAT |
| Switzerland | EUROSTAT |
| Syrian Arab Republic | FAO |
| Tajikistan | ECE |
| Thailand | ITTO |
| The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia | ECE |
| Timor-Leste | NA |
| Togo | ITTO |
| Tokelau | NA |
| Tonga | FAO |
| Trinidad and Tobago | ITTO |
| Tunisia | FAO |
| Turkey | ECE |
| Turkmenistan | ECE |
| Turks and Caicos Islands | NA |
| Tuvalu | NA |
| Uganda | FAO |
| Ukraine | ECE |
| United Arab Emirates | FAO |
| United Kingdom | EUROSTAT |
| United Republic of Tanzania | FAO |
| United States of America | ECE |
| United States Virgin Islands | NA |
| Uruguay | FAO |
| USSR | NA |
| Uzbekistan | ECE |
| Vanuatu | FAO |
| Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) | FAO |
| Viet Nam | ITTO |
| Wake Island | NA |
| Wallis and Futuna Islands | NA |
| Western Sahara | NA |
| World | NA |
| Yemen | FAO |
| Yugoslav SFR | NA |
| Zambia | FAO |
| Zimbabwe | FAO |
FAO sends questionnaires to countries in May/June and the deadline for the first response is September 1st. The partners send out questionnaires between April and June and FAO receives validated data from partners from July to November.
Data Imput System
As the questionnaires are sending back to FAO, the data enters as csv file in the Microsoft Access - driven FAOSTAT Input System, which was created and is primarily managed by the FAO Statistical Division ( Amanda Gordon (ESSD - Statistician). The FOA unit responsible for Forestry Production and Trade has permissions to work in it to put forward the data processing and validation processes needed before dissemination.
Dissemination System
After processing the data, the FOA unit sends the country level results to the FAO Statistics Division for dissemination.


I used to have two giant monitors to work with, and reduced them to one since I found myself frequently moving my neck from side to side.
I got rid of one of them, and felt much better after that – but now I was still moving my neck up and down. When editing large source files (wait, why are these files large to begin with ? That’s a different conversation!), you do end up tracking the cursor on each find, on each scroll.
The solution is obvious – as far as possible, keep the horizontal location of the cursor fixed.
I’m sure what the Emacs equivalent of this is, but if you use the One True Editor, try typing :help scrolloff
right now; you should see this:
*'scrolloff'* *'so'*
'scrolloff' 'so' number (default 0)
global
{not in Vi}
Minimal number of screen lines to keep above and below the cursor.
This will make some context visible around where you are working. If
you set it to a very large value (999) the cursor line will always be
in the middle of the window (except at the start or end of the file or
when long lines wrap).
For scrolling horizontally see 'sidescrolloff'.
NOTE: This option is set to 0 when 'compatible' is set.
So you can add this to your .vimrc
later, but try it out right now. Type
:set scrolloff=999
… and scroll around a bit.
Enjoy.


Near Misses
Transcript By: Bryan Bishop
Category: Conference
Near misses: What could have gone wrong
Ethan Heilman
Introduction
Thank you. I am Ethan Heilman. I am a research whose has done a bunch of work in security of cryptocurrencies. I am also CTO of Arwen which does secure atomic swaps.
Bitcoin scary stories
The general outline of this talk is going to be “scary stories in bitcoin”. Bitcoin has a long history and many of these lessons are applicable to other cryptocurrencies. Many of these problems were found a long time ago. I think bitcoin has done enormous amounts of work making itself more secure. All the vulnerabilities discussed in this talk have been patched in Bitcoin Core and they are all publicly known. I have not tested them at all, I am just relying on the public vulnerability reports and published research reports and somewhat careful reading of the source code.
I am going to tell several bitcoin scary stories today. The first one is going to be about a network-wide memory exhaustion attack which is something I personally interfaced with. The second one, I’ll go through several bitcoin vulnerabilities many from the early days of bitcoin to look at them to get flavor and pry people’s imaginations for what these vulnerabilities look like. Finally as a thought experiment I am going to think about what a worst-case exploit in bitcoin would look like.
Why tell scary stories
Well, to understand the past and use that understanding and to adapt and think about how we can mitigate some of these issues, but also as a way to generate scenarios. If we’re thinking about what can go wrong in bitcoin in 10 years, then let’s look back at the last 10 years in bitcoin which can provide a starting place for things that could go wrong.
Solutions are the motivation for this talk, but I won’t be talking about that. Just talking about some things that happened. It has a series of questions though.
Network-wide memory exhaustion attack
I was doing an experiment on bitcoin’s p2p network and my advisor chair said I need to be really careful because software and network systems are really fragile. If you’re sending packets and so on to the production network, you need to be careful. I didn’t take the warning seriously. I figured I shouldn’t take precautions. Later, I figured out that I was close to triggering a DoS vulnerability in bitcoin. The vulnerability was patched a few months earlier; if I hadn’t taken the precautions and they hadn’t patched it recently, then I would have triggered it.
I had some attack code that was sending header messages, which are packets of IP addresses, to a bitcoin node. As a property of the bitcoin p2p protocol, these ADDR messages are repeated to other bitcoin nodes. This was the experiment that I almost did. The precaution I took was adding a shim inside the bitcoin node and only used particular IP address ranges and I prevented those particular IP address ranges from being re-transmitted to the network.
Later, I came across the paper “Deanonymization of clients in bitcoin p2p network”. If you read the appendix, it scared me quite a bit because it describes an attack where if you send lots of ADDR messages like I was sending, then they would just be stored in RAM and they would grow without bound and then crash the node. This is what the vulnerability looks like– they had a set that stored the known addresses, and whenever you got an ADDR message, you grow the set. It grows without bound, you run out of RAM and then you crash.
Even worse, each time a node receives an ADDR message, if it contains 10 or less addresses, then it sends it to 2 other nodes. So this is viral and it keeps going. So this is really bad because with a small amount of traffic you can cause a very big problem. Even if you stop the attack, as nodes crash and come back online, they forget which messages they have sent to other nodes and they continue to do the attack. So the attack has a self-sustaining property.
If this had been exploited, how bad would it have been bad? I think it wouldn’t be that bad; I think you patch nodes, and the unpatched nodes would crash and not come back up. But I’m not aware of anything like this having been exploited in practice on any cryptocurrency. Maybe someone in the audience has an example like this.
But what about something like this where all the nodes are retransmitting the same message to everyone, even after the attack stops, what’s the right action to take?
This was fixed in 2014. Here’s the fix. There’s the set, and the set is now limited to 500 addresses, and when you get a new address you kick out the old address. It’s a most recently used set.
Bitcoin CVEs
CVEs are a system for registering vulnerabilities. You can assign a unique ID to a vulnerability. When you talk about a CVE number, everyone knows which one you’re talking about. It stands for Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures. The bitcoin wiki has a list of these CVEs and also additional vulnerabilities that have not been given CVE numbers. As far as I know, this is not a complete list. But the vulnerability I just described, I wasn’t able to find it on there, maybe it was named something obscure. It’s fun to go to the bitcoin wiki and just read about all the bitcoin CVEs.
The four CVEs that I will be talking about most of them are in the beginning, 2010, 2010, 2012, and then I will briefly talk about the 2018 CVE.
CVE-2010-5137: OP_LSHIFT crash
Cory alluded to this one. This is the OP_LSHIFT crash. Bitcoin has a scripting language. One of the original instructions that you could run in the scripting language was OP_LSHIFT which would shift a number a certain number of places to the left. It was discovered that when using OP_LSHIFT on some machines, processing the transaction would cause the machine to crash.
So this is actually the code. I think this is an interesting exercise, but for the people familiar with C++, we often think that if you point out exactly where the problem is, you should be able to find it. I’ve only spent an hour or so looking at this, but it’s not clear to me that in this OP_LSHIFT case why does that cause a crash? I have a theory. If we have time, I’ll throw up a slide about this.
Just as a general way to think about how hard these bugs are to find— there’s nothing that jumps out at you that this code is wrong.
The way that ythis would work is that yo uwould make an evil transaction and send it to a bitcoin node, and then the bitcoin node would crash. The CVE says that it only crashed some nodes. I think this might be worse than having 100% crashes. Think in your head about how you would go about solving this. Say you solve it by making OP_LSHIFT no longer crash machines. So 40% of the network upgrades so that they don’t crash when they see OP_LSHIFT – which means the evil transaction gets included in the block. Now the people who haven’t upgraded, when they see these blocks they would crash. This seems kind of bad, and it would cause a hard-fork or a bit of a fork.
They actually fixed it in a slightly different way. I’m not saying they fixed it in this other way for that reason, but they did fix it differently. They had a bunch of opcodes causing trouble, and if you use any of them then your transaction is invalid, the script just returns false. If you’re vulnerable to this, you crash, and if you’re not, you drop the transaction and you don’t re-transmit it so that you don’t crash nodes.
I haven’t been able to find discussion about why it was fixed this way; the obvious fix may not have been as good as the way they did fix it. It’s an interesting case study.
CVE-2010-5139: Inflation bug
This was a bug that allowed you to print more money. The code that was problem was about adding up all the outputs and all the inputs in the bitcoin transaction, you subtract all the inputs from the outputs, and if you got a negative number then that meant your outputs were greater than your inputs and that’s bad and then it would fail which is what we see there. So it turned out that there was an overflow bug, as someone pointed out, they saw this transaction in a block and they said hey is that close to the maximum 64 bit unsigned integer and it was if you added up the two gigantic outputs for billions of bitcoin you actually get -0.1 BTC. So this allowed you to print money, and this was exploited on mainnet. Someone posted this transaction, and even worse some people mined on top of these blocks. Billions of BTC were produced.
So how do you fix this problem? Well, what everyone did is they patched their bitcoin software to make it so that you couldn’t print money and then they started mining forking from the original attack point. So even the nodes that weren’t patched, eventually would accept this new chain. Because the majority of the mining power was on this new chain and the new chain had fixed the bug, it got orphaned out and the bug got solved.
I think this is an interesting case study because pretty much everyone would agree that increasing bitcoin’s supply by 200 billion BTC was a bad thing, so everyone wanted to work together to work. It’s an inflation bug that violates the core principles of bitcoin, and because it effected everyone, they all had incentive to come together and fix it. So at least as I understand it, this was not particularly destructive. But this was also the early days of bitcoin. There was only one other transaction in the block where this was mined.
CVE-2012-2459: Netsplit
The next one is CVE-2012-2459 from 2012. So a bit more mature code base for bitcoin, it’s been around for like 3 years at this point. CVE-2012-2459 exploits the fact that you can have two blocks with a different meaning with different transactions in it that hash to the same value. It doesn’t mean the hash value is broken, it means that the way you represent the blocks when you go to hash them, they collide, and because they collide you get the same value even though the blocks are different themselves.
So the way this worked in CVE-2012-2459 is that you had two blocks– the second one would be invalid– when you go to hash the transactions for the merkle root, bitcoin had a rule that you would pad it out and so the way the padding would work is you repeat the last transaction until the end. So the first block’s padding results in the same bytes as the second block (which was invalid).
When the first bitcoin node sends the first (valid) block to the second node, the other node says this is a valid block and that’s fine. When the other node sends another block with the wrong transactions, it’s double spending with the same transaction, that’s totally invalid and I’m going to reject. If one node sees one of the other blocks first, it hashes it and determines it’s a bad block, he knows that if the hash is the wrong block then seeing another block with the same hash in the future it will say well I already know this hash corresponds to something invalid. So what ends up happening is that the parts of the network that see block 2 first conclude that the block is invalid, and this causes a fork in the network.
I sort of wonder what would happen today if something like this were to occur. It’s not that the blocks are different; the blockhashes are still the same, but some of these nodes are dropping the first block on the floor and some of them aren’t.
The way in which this was fixed was to say hey, if a transaction repeats in a block, then don’t cache that result as a bad result. Just reject that block and don’t re-transmit it.
CVE-2018-17144: DoS + inflation
The final CVE I am going to discuss today was discovered last year. It was a recent one. There are some details which this picture is sort of hiding. Essentially what happened was that a check was removed, and without this check, under very specific circumstances, it was possible for a transaction to have more than one input spending the same output. There were a number of rules and conditions to be met to bypass the checks against this. There were circumstances where this could occur, and a transaction would be able to inflate the supply of coins.
This was not exploited in the wild, but it did exist in the Bitcoin Core codebase. It didn’t exist in older versions; this check was removed as an unnecessary check that had a high performance cost. I guess I wonder like, would the reaction to this have been the same in 2010 when people were like well this got exploited and someone printed 150 billion BTC, if bitcoin is going to have value we have to fork this out. How many– the original attacker, in the earlier CVE, was kind of the exploit required them to be greedy and produce billion of BTC. But what if the attacker only produces 1 BTC with it? How does the incentive to work together change if someone can now double spend thousands of BTC at an exchange, but the attacker only printed one bitcoin. Are we willing to live with that? What’s the right solution to this?
Imagining a worst case non-cryptologic exploit
What would be the worst case non-cryptography exploit in bitcoin? Well, bitcoin relies on its underlying cryptography so an attacker that can forge ECDSA signatures instantly in zero time or could break sha256 preimages is really bad. But these breaks in cryptography is pretty rare, and usually you see a series of attacks and you can see an algorithm getting less secure over time and you can adapt your system.
However, software vulnerabilities are relatively common. What’s the worst software vulnerability we can imagine? I came up with an answer when I thought about it; I’m not saying this is the right answer. But just to think about what could go wrong, maybe come up with things worse. Maybe you think mine isn’t that bad.
What I came up with was a valid transaction which when evaluated by a bitcoin node causes that node to execute a program written by that attacker. This is usually called arbitrary code execution or remote code execution. People used to call these network worms.
Attacks that keep the blockchain valid are quite worse because you can’t rally people to come together. You could distort what the node tells the user about the blockchain. You could perform an attack where transactions are being sent, and they just don’t see those transactions. You could make invalid transactions appear valid and confirm.  You could also do things like leak keys, compromise random number generation, replace pubkeys, etc. You could have transactions that specifically cause speculative execution side effects, too.
I don’t think this is likely to ever happen. It would need to work on different versions of Bitcoin Core and on different architectures. And conceivably, the evil code might be able to patch the code so that it’s an invalid transaction but now Bitcoin Core treats it as a valid transaction and sends it out to other nodes as if it were. I’m not aware of any vulnerabilities in bitcoin that allowed arbitrary code execution. So I think it’s an unlikely threat, but it’s the worst case I could come up with. You could probably come up with something much worse.
Open questions
What would happen if an inflation bug was exploited in bitcoin in 2019?
Which bugs in this talk were the most dangerous- net splits, inflation, which ones?
What countermeasures can we take to reduce the risk and the impact of a serious bitcoin software vulnerability exploited in the wild?
An exploit that hits only some of the nodes is much worse than an attack that hits all the nodes.


The racket Serena Williams smashed during her 2018 US Open final defeat against Naomi Osaka is expected to fetch up to $50,000 at auction
by Barnaby Lane- The racket Serena Williams smashed during her 2018 US Open Final defeat to Naomi Osaka is up for auction, and could fetch up to $US50,000.
- Williams destroyed the racket during a heated argument with umpire Carlos Ramos, who had accused her of cheating.
- “I think the low end would be $US10,000,” Ken Goldin, the founder of Goldin Auctions, told The New York Times. “I wouldn’t be surprised if it goes to $US25,000 or $US50,000.”
- The “Wilson Blade” came into the auction by way of a ball boy whom Williams gave the racket to after the match.
- Visit Business Insider’s homepage for more stories.
The racket which Serena Williams smashed during her 2018 US Open Final defeat to Naomi Osaka is up for auction, and could fetch up to $US50,000.
Williams infamously destroyed the “Wilson Blade” midway through the second set of the match, shortly after being accused of coaching by the umpire on the day Carlos Ramos.
She received a code violation for the outburst, and later a game penalty from the resulting argument. After losing to Osaka 6-2, 6-4, she then labelled Ramos a “sexist” and a “thief.”
The racket is now up for sale on Goldin Auctions and already has a bid of $US2,100. However, that figure is expected to rise significantly before the auction closes.
“I think the low end would be $US10,000, and I wouldn’t be surprised if it goes to $US25,000 or $US50,000,” Ken Goldin, the founder of Goldin Auctions, told The New York Times.
The piece of memorabilia came up for sale by way of a US Open ball boy named Justin Arrington-Holmes, who told The Times that Williams said he could keep it after the match.
Holmes, however, unaware of its potential value, then sold it, alongside a certificate of its authenticity, on to a buyer for a meager $US500, and it’s since made its way to Goldin Auctions.
It remains unclear whether the person who bought the racket from Holmes is now the seller, as they asked to remain anonymous, says The Times.
The auction ends on December 7.
Read more:
Serena Williams says she was ‘terrified’ and ‘overloaded by what to do’ before having her baby
Serena Williams walked the runway at New York Fashion Week with her 2-year-old daughter Alexis
Serena Williams says her daughter is too ‘loud and obnoxious’ to bring to the US Open


A king might move a man, a father may claim a son, but that man can also move himself, and only then does that man truly begin his own game. Remember that howsoever you are played or by whom, your soul is in your keeping alone, even though those who presume to play you be kings or men of power. When you stand before God, you cannot say, “But I was told by others to do thus,” or that virtue was not convenient at the time.
Balian: “You go to certain death.” Hospitaler knight: “All death is certain.”
“Be brave in the face of your enemies. Be upright so that God may love thee. Speak the truth always, even if it leads to your death. This is your oath and this (a slap in the face) is so that you remember it.”
A better world than has even been seen. A kingdom of conscience. A kingdom of heaven.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block content %} Welcome to Commuride The Rideshare App for the community Schedule Now {% endblock %}


Autowrap
sequenceDiagram
Merchant->>Customer: "foo#b"
Note left of Person:One row for the a
Note right of Person: Bob thinks a long long time, so long that the text does not fit In a row. Bob thinks a long long time, so long that the text does not fit In a row. Bob thinks a long long time, so long that the text does not fit In a row. Bob thinks a long long time, so long that the text does not fit In a row.
Person-->>Customer: bar
Note left of Person: Foo checks up on him
sequenceDiagram
Alice->>Bob: Hello Bob, how are you?
Bob-->>John: How about you John?
Bob--xAlice: I am good thanks!
Bob-xJohn: I am good thanks!
Note right of John: Bob thinks a long long time, so long that the text does not fit In a row. Bob thinks a long long time, so long that the text does not fit In a row. Bob thinks a long long time, so long that the text does not fit In a row. Bob thinks a long long time, so long that the text does not fit In a row.
Bob-->Alice: Checking with John...
Alice->John: Yes... John, how are you?
No line breaks
sequenceDiagram;Alice->>Bob: Hello Bob, how are you?;Bob-->Bob: Hmmm?;Bob-->Alice: Ok;
sequenceDiagram;loop Daily query;Alice->>Bob: Hello Bob, how are you?;alt is sick;Bob->>Alice: Not so good :(;else is well;Bob->>Alice: Feeling fresh like a daisy;end;opt Extra response;Bob->>Alice: Thanks for asking;end;end;
Message types
sequenceDiagram
Alice->>Bob: Hello Bob, how are you?
Bob-->>John: How about you John?
Bob--xAlice: I am good thanks!
Bob-xJohn: I am good thanks!
Note right of John: Bob thinks a long
long time, so long
that the text does
not fit on a row.
Bob-->Alice: Checking with John...
Alice->John: Yes... John, how are you?
Loops, alt and opt
sequenceDiagram
loop Daily query
Alice->>Bob: Hello Bob, how are you?
alt is sick
Bob->>Alice: Not so good :(
else is well
Bob->>Alice: Feeling fresh like a daisy
end
opt Extra response
Bob->>Alice: Thanks for asking
end
end
Message to self in loop
sequenceDiagram
participant Alice
participant Bob
Alice->>John: Hello John, how are you?
loop Healthcheck
John->>John: Fight against hypochondria
end
Note right of John: Rational thoughts
prevail...
John-->>Alice: Great!
John->>Bob: How about you?
Bob-->>John: Jolly good!
Bounding test & async message to self
sequenceDiagram
participant Alice
participant Bob
participant John the Long
Alice->Bob: Hello Bob, how are you?
loop Outer loop
Note left of Alice: Bob thinks about
things
to think about
Bob-xBob: I am good thanks!
loop Inner loop
Bob->>John the Long: How about you John?
Note right of John the Long: Bob thinks a long
long time, so long
that the text does
not fit.
end
end
Bob-->>Alice: Checking with John...
Alice->>John the Long: Yes... John, how are you?
John the Long-->>Alice: Super!


border
attribute may be specified on a
table
element to explicitly indicate that the
table
element is not being used for layout
purposes. If specified, the attribute\'s value must either be the empty string or the value
"1
". The attribute is used by certain user agents as an indication that borders
should be drawn around cells of the table.


public static final int |
DPFJ_E_ENROLLMENT_INVALID_SET |
96076080 |
public static final int |
URU_E_COMPRESSION_IN_PROGRESS |
96076097 |
public static final int |
URU_E_COMPRESSION_INVALID_WSQ_PARAMETER |
96076106 |
public static final int |
URU_E_COMPRESSION_NOT_STARTED |
96076098 |
public static final int |
URU_E_COMPRESSION_WSQ_FAILURE |
96076107 |
public static final int |
URU_E_COMPRESSION_WSQ_LIB_NOT_FOUND |
96076108 |
public static final int |
URU_E_DEVICE_BUSY |
96075806 |
public static final int |
URU_E_DEVICE_FAILURE |
96075807 |
public static final int |
URU_E_ENROLLMENT_IN_PROGRESS |
96076077 |
public static final int |
URU_E_ENROLLMENT_INVALID_SET |
96076080 |
public static final int |
URU_E_ENROLLMENT_NOT_READY |
96076079 |
public static final int |
URU_E_ENROLLMENT_NOT_STARTED |
96076078 |
public static final int |
URU_E_FAILURE |
96075787 |
public static final int |
URU_E_INVALID_DEVICE |
96075797 |
public static final int |
URU_E_INVALID_FID |
96075877 |
public static final int |
URU_E_INVALID_FMD |
96075977 |
public static final int |
URU_E_INVALID_PARAMETER |
96075796 |
public static final int |
URU_E_MORE_DATA |
96075789 |
public static final int |
URU_E_NO_DATA |
96075788 |
public static final int |
URU_E_NOT_IMPLEMENTED |
96075786 |
public static final int |
URU_E_QUALITY_FAILURE |
96076128 |
public static final int |
URU_E_QUALITY_LIB_NOT_FOUND |
96076129 |
public static final int |
URU_E_QUALITY_NO_IMAGE |
96076126 |
public static final int |
URU_E_QUALITY_TOO_FEW_MINUTIA |
96076127 |
public static final int |
URU_E_SUCCESS |
0 |
public static final int |
URU_E_TOO_SMALL_AREA |
96075878 |


Help requested for three big items for Lumina
2022-02-08
In this post I mentioned some of the major work that is on the road map for Lumina, and I’ve finally made the time to expand on this a little more. In this post I’m going to cover three of the big ticket items I need help with. However before I get into that, a few points worth mentioning. C++/Qt experience is a definite requirement. It’s not that I have anything against Python or Go, but Lumina is written with C++/Qt, so that’s what you’ll need to know....


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113488-general/topic/update-mathlib.20update.html ---
Let me continue here the conversation from https://leanprover.zulipchat.com/#narrow/stream/113489-new-members/topic/Cannot.20start.20tutorials.2C.20nor.20import.20topology.2Ebasic.2C.20nor.2E.2E.2E/near/188584734 which should now be in the general stream. Question: why do we call the mathlib nightlies by there date (like nightly-2020-02-20) instead of using a git SHA? If we were using a SHA we could download them without needing the Git API (or webpage scrapping). Soon we'll want nightlies for every commit anyway.
If we were using a SHA we could download them without needing the Git API (or webpage scrapping)
Interesting. I didn't know that. There's no reason not to do it except that it makes downloading them manually harder
I mean: look at the url https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib-nightly/releases/download/nightly-2020-02-20/mathlib-olean-nightly-2020-02-20.tar.gz
This would be a perfectly guessable url if those dates were replaced by git SHA
Originally I did want one release per day (for leanprover/lean-nightly), so using the date made perfect sense. If you want to move to one release per commit, then using the hash makes more sense of course.
I don't know how to proceed here. Any change in the nightly thing will break existing update-mathlib
. So it doesn't make sense to do it too often. If Rob finds us a new hosting solution next week then we should wait.
Sebastian, my comment was specifically about the mathlib olean archives
There's nothing wrong with the Lean nightlies (especially those days...)
Yeah, just wanted to answer your question as to why it was done so in the first place (which was then copied to other repos)
In elan, how do you avoid using the GitHub API?
I parse HTML using regexes, of course
now with added disputes
I thought Mario was linking to this CS adage:
{% endraw %}Some people, when confronted with a problem, think "I know, I'll use regular expressions." Now they have two problems.
Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


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We are an independent group of developers that want to make accepting Dogecoin as seamless and automatic as possible.
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The Panton Eye Center offers comprehensive ophthalmologic care, which includes medical, surgical and optical services.
Care is rendered by board-certified ophthalmologists, assisted by a staff which includes optometrists, ophthalmic technicians,
ophthalmic photographers, and opticians.
Medical Director and Founder, Dr. John H. Panton, describes his philosophy of practice, "two words can summarize our approach to eye care:
innovation and compassion. Surgical techniques and medical treatment are constantly changing and we intend to be at the leading edge of those
changes. Nonetheless, one thing remains constant-the respect and empathy which we demonstrate to every patient.
The need to comfort is every bit as important as the need to cure."
Our Services
We provide diagnosis and treatment of a variety of conditions, including:
The term “Cataract” refers to the eye’s lens becoming clouded as a normal part of the aging process.
It is sometimes compared to a window that is frosted, steamed or yellowed. In most cases,
cataracts develop slowly over a number of years. However, conditions such as diabetes and trauma may cause
cataract symptoms to develop early. The term “Cataract” refers to the eye’s lens becoming clouded as a normal
part of the aging process. It is sometimes compared to a window that is frosted, steamed or yellowed. In most
cases, cataracts develop slowly over a number of years. However, conditions such as diabetes and trauma may cause
cataract symptoms to develop early. Blurred vision is the most frequently noted cataract symptom. Many patients
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{% extends "main/base.html" %} {% load crispy_forms_tags %} {% block content %} Confirm Delete Are you sure you want to delete this post? WARNING: You cannot undo this action. {% csrf_token %} Cancel {% endblock %}
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Petrus Tripel
27 May 2013made on: 2013-04-28
2o fermentation on: 2013-05-05
bottled on: 2013-05-11
volume (gal):
original gravity: 1.03
final gravity: 1.005
ABV: 3.28125
This was a clone of Petrus Tripel from the book CloneBrews: Homebrew Recipes for 150 Commercial Beers.
Recipe:
- 11.25 lbs Maris Otter 2-row pale malt (I used a replacement malt)
- 8 oz. Belgian Cara-Vienne malt
- 4 oz. Belgian aromatic malt
- 1.5 lbs Belgian clear candi sugar (I used Organic cane sugar instead)
- 2.5 oz. Styrian Goldings hops (bitterin, flavor) (replacement: Fuggles)
- 0.5 oz. Williamette hops (aroma)
- 0.5 oz. sweet orange peel
- yeast: Wyeast 3787 Trappist High Gravity
- 0.25 oz. steamed French light toasted oak chips
Got all ingredients from Dan's Homebrew
Steps:
- I'm doing whole grain, so I made a mash tun that looks like this
Warmed up water in pot on stove to 151 degrees F. Then poured the whole three malts together into the cooler, and poured enough water on top of the malts to cover them.I stirred occasionally and measured temperature. If it was too cold I put in some hot water.
This is what it looks like while doing its thing in the cooler
After 90 min., vorloft a few times, drain out into pot, and sparge a bit.
- Bring volume in pot up to about 5 gallons. Bring to boil.
- Add
- 1.5 oz. Syrian goldings hops (for bittering)
- 1.5 lbs sugar
- Boil for 45 min
- Add
- 1 oz. Syrian goldings hops (for flavor)
- 0.5 oz. orange peel
- 1 tbsp irish moss
- Boil for 12 minutes
- Add
- 0.25 oz. Williamette hops (for aroma)
- 0.5 oz. orange peel
- Boil for 3 minutes
- Remove pot from stove and cool down as fast as possible to temperature ideal for the yeast. I have Wyeast 1214 Belgian Abbey, which says to pitch yeast at 65-72 degrees F.
- Transfer cooled down wort to primary fermenter
- Put in yeast when temperature is right (pitched at XXX degrees F)
- Took gravity reading right after pitching yeast. It was at 1.03, and was supposed to be at 1.074. So I boiled about 10 oz DME (all I had) + 11 oz sugar (all I had) in water, let it cool to 70 deg F, then mixed it in to the primary fermenter.


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Medieval catalogues > BENEDICTINES: THE SHORTER CATALOGUES > Crowland > Select list, early 14th cent.
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All data was derived from the List of Identifications by Professor Richard Sharpe.
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PhD Researcher, School of Geography, University of Nottingham
For my individual project, I built a program, in Python, that models rainfall in a landscape. The model is designed to:
The program also provides the user with the option to calculate the total volume of water that reaches an outlet point in the landscape.
Some of the menu items in the GUI have been programmed to be disabled before the model is run, and then are subsequently enabled once it is run. However, the way this has been coded only appears to work on Mac computers and not Windows. The reason for this issue is unknown and has not yet been resolved.
Possible future development for the model could include the calculation of the volume of water at each outlet point (if more than one exists on the landscape). This development was attempted but unfortunately the model only, currently, calculates the total volume of water across all outlet points.
The model could also potentially be programmed to delineate watersheds and calculate the drainage area. This would be useful for more quantitative analysis of river environments.
A repository of the code for my individual project can be found here.


Alpina
Throughout ALPINA's 40-year history, its automobiles have been known for their notion of exclusivity. Over this period, BMW ALPINA's have evolved, taking advantage of, and improving upon, the technology offered at the time - and not just in the pursuit of more power, for improving performance is only one part of ALPINA's philosophy. The ALPINA customer is an enthusiast who appreciates high technology and seeks great driving pleasure from his car, yet prefers a car more refined and more practical than today's sports cars. The BMW ALPINA B10 V8 S is high performance in a most subtle guise.


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Legal Solutions for Technology Development and Commercialization
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RPTools
Maptool
table import Tool
Supported version 1.6.1
1. Name your table
2. Paste in a tab delimited table. You can paste 2 columns directly from Excel.
(You must not have tabs in the description/value field, please make sure your dashes are normal and not long)
Download
Name:
1 First line 2-5 second line 6 next line 7 another line


Amy is our lead for the engineering notebook and co programmer. This is her 10th season in the FIRST® program. 2 of which in Junior FLL, 4 in FLL and 2 in FTC thus far and is a freshman in high school. Amy enjoys listening to music such as Green Day, Fall Out Boy along with reading manga and watching various amines.
Cheyanne is our lead builder this is her 7th season in the FIRST® Program. 5 of which in FLL and 2 to FTC thus far and is a sophomore in high school. Cheyanne enjoys singing and listening to music such as Alec Benjamin and Ariana Grande along with hanging out with her friends.
Lauren is our lead programmer and team captain and this her 7th season in the FIRST® Program. 5 of which in FLL and 2 to FTC thus far and is a sophomore in high school. Lauren enjoys debating on the Speech and Debate team at her school, listening to music such as Green Day and Panic! at The Disco.
Lexus is one of our main drivers and keeps our team in high spirits when times are low. This is her 6th season in the FIRST® program and is a freshman in high school. In her free time, she plays the clarinet for her high school band.
Melissa is our head coach and has been our head coach for two seasons now. Despite not being head coach until last season, she's always been heavily involved in our team from the very beginning
Tamara is our Co-coach and has been our head coach for two seasons now. Despite not being head coach until last season, she's always been heavily involved in our team from the very beginning
Jacob is a self-taught programmer in multiple programming languages that has been programming for multiple years and currently works as DevOps Engineer. This is his first year mentoring the team.
We've met many people at the weekly hack and learn/ free code camp sessions once a week at the Tom Love Innovation Hub at OU ever since we've been going there since late May and many people have been able to give us programming advice. Not only does the Hub have programming advice, but they also have build/engineering advice and equipment for us to use. The students at OU sometimes have some interesting engineering designs they toss out to us as they see us working and the Hub has a lot of useful equipment such as 3D Printers. Without the Hub, we wouldn't have any 3D printed parts on our robot.
Warren is a retired mechanical engineer, USAF and FAA. He now works on race cars and races them. He's helped us with many robot pieces such as making custom hubs for our wheels, and a sheet metal plate for the intake. He also has helped improve and given many suggestions on the bracing and overall sturdiness of the robot.
The Rockettes and Makin' Stuff Move have helped us with both building and programming issues, given us pieces and let us use their practice field.
The Lightsabers helped us brainstorm robot design ideas and gave us a few minerals for us to practice with since out field kit hadn't come in yet.
© 2019 Lauren R. Smith


John Terry reveals the TRUTH about Sergio Aguero Chelsea transfer rumours
by Magnus EriksenFormer Chelsea captain John Terry has responded to the slightly bizarre rumour emerging that he moved to block the Blues from signing Sergio Aguero while he was still at Atletico Madrid.
The Argentine went on to join Manchester City and has been a real hit in the Premier League, helping the club to numerous major trophies and becoming their all-time leading goal-scorer.
MORE: Chelsea rival Liverpool for transfer of highly-rated 21-year-old
Still, it’s been claimed that Terry wasn’t convinced by Aguero when he came up against him in a Champions League game, and he communicated this to Roman Abramovich and co.
Needless to say, this now looks like a very bad move by the former England international, though he insists it isn’t true.
According to the Daily Mirror, Terry, now a coach at Aston Villa, took to Instagram to knock back these stories and slamming the press for not contacting him about it.
He said: “Where do these get the stories from? If they bothered calling players agents it would solve an awful lot of nonsense!”
Terry also responded to a post by a Chelsea fan account about the Aguero rumour, and simply replied: “Fake news” to the story.
CFC fans will be hoping their legendary former skipper didn’t prevent them sealing what could’ve been such an important signing.


IFTableViewController Class Reference
| Inherits from | UITableViewController |
|---|---|
| Conforms to | IFActionProxy IFIOCConfigurationAware IFIOCConfigurationInitable IFIOCContainerAware IFIOCTypeInspectable IFMessageReceiver UISearchBarDelegate UISearchDisplayDelegate UITableViewDelegate |
| Declared in | IFTableViewController.h IFTableViewController.m |
Overview
A configurable table view component. The following configuration keys are used to control the table’s basic display: - tableStyle: String to control the table style; values are “Grouped” or “Plain”. See UITableViewStyle. - backgroundColor: The table’s background color.
Table data can be presented as plain (non-grouped) or grouped. @see IFTableData: - Plain tables: Data should be an NSArray of table cell data. - Grouped tables: Data should be an NSArray of table sections, where each section is an NSArray of table cell data.
Each table cell data item must be an NSDictionary with the following properties: - title: The main text displayed on the cell. - description: Additional text displayed below the title (Optional). - image: URI of an image to display on the LHS of the cell (Optional). - accessory Type of the accessory view displayed on the RHS of the cell (Optional). Takes the following values, corresponding to the values defined for UITableViewCellAccessoryType: - None - DisclosureIndicator - DetailButton - Checkmark - style: The cell style. Overrides the style specified in the configuration when supplied (Optional). Has the following values, corresponding to the values defined by UITableViewCellStyle: - Default - Style1 - Style2 - Subtitle - backgroundImage: A cell background image. (Optional). - selectedBackgroundImage: A cell background image when selected. (Optional). - height: The row height. - action: An action message which is posted when a table cell is selected.
Other Methods
hideTitleBar
Flag indicating whether to hide the screen’s title bar.
@property (nonatomic, assign) BOOL hideTitleBar
Discussion
Flag indicating whether to hide the screen’s title bar.
Declared In
IFTableViewController.h
backButtonTitle
The title of the back button.
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *backButtonTitle
Discussion
The title of the back button.
Declared In
IFTableViewController.h
leftTitleBarButton
An optional left-side title bar item.
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIBarButtonItem *leftTitleBarButton
Discussion
An optional left-side title bar item.
Declared In
IFTableViewController.h
rightTitleBarButton
An optional right-side title bar item.
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIBarButtonItem *rightTitleBarButton
Discussion
An optional right-side title bar item.
Declared In
IFTableViewController.h
cellFactoriesByDisplayMode
A map of additional cell factories. Different cell factories can be configured via this property, supporting the generation of table cells with different display properties. Which cell factory is used is controlled by a “mode” property in the cell data. If the “mode” value corresponds to the key of one of the factories in this map then that factory is used to generate the cell, otherwise the default cell is used.
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSDictionary *cellFactoriesByDisplayMode
Discussion
A map of additional cell factories. Different cell factories can be configured via this property, supporting the generation of table cells with different display properties. Which cell factory is used is controlled by a “mode” property in the cell data. If the “mode” value corresponds to the key of one of the factories in this map then that factory is used to generate the cell, otherwise the default cell is used.
Declared In
IFTableViewController.h
sectionTitleColor
The colour of the section title text.
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIColor *sectionTitleColor
Discussion
The colour of the section title text.
Declared In
IFTableViewController.h
sectionTitleBackgroundColor
The background colour for section titles.
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIColor *sectionTitleBackgroundColor
Discussion
The background colour for section titles.
Declared In
IFTableViewController.h
scrollToSelected
Flag indicating whether the table should scroll to the selected cell when displayed.
@property (nonatomic, assign) BOOL scrollToSelected
Discussion
Flag indicating whether the table should scroll to the selected cell when displayed.
Declared In
IFTableViewController.h
tableData
The table’s data.
@property (nonatomic, strong) IFTableData *tableData
Discussion
The table’s data.
Declared In
IFTableViewController.h
selectedID
The ID of the selected cell. Set to the value of the “id” property of a cell data item.
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *selectedID
Discussion
The ID of the selected cell. Set to the value of the “id” property of a cell data item.
Declared In
IFTableViewController.h
hasSearchBar
Flag indicating whether the table has a search bar.
@property (nonatomic, assign) BOOL hasSearchBar
Discussion
Flag indicating whether the table has a search bar.
Declared In
IFTableViewController.h
clearFilterMessage
A message which is displayed when the search filter is cleared.
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *clearFilterMessage
Discussion
A message which is displayed when the search filter is cleared.
Declared In
IFTableViewController.h
content
The table’s content.
@property (nonatomic, strong) id content
Discussion
The table’s content.
Declared In
IFTableViewController.h
– formatData:
Format incoming list data. Principally intended as a mechanism for subclasses to interface with specific data sources.
- (NSArray *)formatData:(NSArray *)data
Discussion
Format incoming list data. Principally intended as a mechanism for subclasses to interface with specific data sources.
Declared In
IFTableViewController.h
– clearFilter
Clear any currently applied table data filter.
- (void)clearFilter
Discussion
Clear any currently applied table data filter.
Declared In
IFTableViewController.h
– postMessage:
Post a message.
- (void)postMessage:(NSString *)message
Discussion
Post a message.
Declared In
IFTableViewController.h
– filterBlockForName:
Return a table data filter block for the named filter.
- (IFTableDataFilterBlock)filterBlockForName:(NSString *)filterName
Discussion
Return a table data filter block for the named filter.
Declared In
IFTableViewController.h
Other Methods
– initWithConfiguration:
Initialize the object instance with the specified configuration.
- (id)initWithConfiguration:(IFConfiguration *)configuration
Discussion
Initialize the object instance with the specified configuration.
Declared In
IFIOCConfigurationInitable.h
– memberClassForCollection:
Return the expected class for members of the named property collection.
- (Class)memberClassForCollection:(NSString *)propertyName
Parameters
propertyName |
The name of a collection property. |
|---|
Return Value
Returns the default class of member items of the specified collection. Can return nil if the property name isn’t recognized, or if the collection has no default member class.
Discussion
Return the expected class for members of the named property collection.
Declared In
IFIOCTypeInspectable.h
– beforeIOCConfiguration:
Called immediately before the object is configured via dependency injection.
- (void)beforeIOCConfiguration:(IFConfiguration *)configuration
Parameters
configuration |
The object’s configuration. |
|---|
Discussion
Called immediately before the object is configured via dependency injection.
Declared In
IFIOCConfigurationAware.h
– afterIOCConfiguration:
Called immediately after the object is configured via dependency injection.
- (void)afterIOCConfiguration:(IFConfiguration *)configuration
Parameters
configuration |
The object’s configuration. |
|---|
Discussion
Called immediately after the object is configured via dependency injection.
Declared In
IFIOCConfigurationAware.h
– registerAction:forObject:
Register an action message which should be posted when the specified object requests.
- (void)registerAction:(NSString *)action forObject:(id)object
Parameters
action |
The action message. |
|---|---|
object |
The object associated with the action message. |
Discussion
Register an action message which should be posted when the specified object requests.
Declared In
IFActionProxy.h
– postActionForObject:
Post the registered action for the specified object.
- (void)postActionForObject:(id)object
Parameters
object |
An object previously registered by a call to [registerAction:forObject:]; the action proxy will then post the action message provided during registration. |
|---|
Discussion
Post the registered action for the specified object.
Declared In
IFActionProxy.h
– receiveMessage:sender:
Ask a target to receive a message.
- (BOOL)receiveMessage:(IFMessage *)message sender:(id)sender
Parameters
message |
The message to receive. |
|---|---|
sender |
The component which sent the message. |
Return Value
Returns true if the message was processed by the target, false otherwise. A true result will stop further processing of the message. A false result may mean that the message continues to be dispatched to other components (i.e. until some component handles it).
Discussion
Ask a target to receive a message.
Declared In
IFMessageReceiver.h


Paste your CSS code into the text area below, or open multiple CSS files at once to be combined in the output.
Level 0 optimizations. Level 1 optimizations. Level 2 optimizations.
MinifyBack Minify on paste


Welcome to Fluffy Duffy Munchkin Cats
Navigate through the application using the links below.
Create Cat
All Cats


import Kitura
let router = Router()
router.get("/") { request, response, next in
response.send("Hello world")
next()
}
Kitura.addHTTPServer(onPort: 8080, with: router)
Kitura.run()
import Kitura
let router = Router()
router.get("/") { request, response, next in
response.send("Hello world")
next()
}
Kitura.addHTTPServer(onPort: 8080, with: router)
Kitura.run()


Class MatrixController
- yii\console\Controller
- app\commands\MatrixController
public
|
|
public
|
|
public
|
|
public
|
#
actionTest( $start = 238356, $end = 576147, $hours =
|
public
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public
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public
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|
public
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|
public
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|
public
|
|
public
|
|
public
|
string |
GOOGLE_CLIENT
|
#
"gme-republicpolytechnic"
|
string |
GOOGLE_KEY
|
#
"nJxJLqiWuL68EBCc_nPpepmGmKE="
|
string |
COLLECT_HOURS
|
#
"8,15,18"
|
integer |
PARCELS_PER_ZONE
|
#
100
|


A "Hello World" program has been widely adopted as the introductory program for learning how to code. So, let's start functional programming by writing the same program.
Sample Input
(Nil)
Sample Output
Hello World
Method Signature
Number Of Parameters: 0 Parameters: [] Returns: nil Behavior: Prints "Hello World"
For Hackers Using Clojure
This will be the outline of your function body. Fill in the blank portion marked by the underscores.
(___________________________)
For Hackers Using Scala
This will be the outline of your function body. Fill in the blank portion marked by the underscores.
def f() = ________________


/*
* Copyright (c) 2010-2014 Clark & Parsia, LLC. <http://www.clarkparsia.com>
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package com.complexible.stardog.examples.api;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import com.complexible.common.protocols.server.Server;
import com.complexible.stardog.Stardog;
import com.complexible.stardog.StardogException;
import com.complexible.stardog.api.Connection;
import com.complexible.stardog.api.ConnectionPool;
import com.complexible.stardog.api.ConnectionPoolConfig;
import com.complexible.stardog.api.ConnectionConfiguration;
import com.complexible.stardog.api.admin.AdminConnection;
import com.complexible.stardog.api.admin.AdminConnectionConfiguration;
import com.complexible.stardog.protocols.snarl.SNARLProtocolConstants;
/**
*
A simple example to show how to setup and use ConnectionPools with Stardog

*
* @author Michael Grove
* @since 0.5.1
* @version 2.0
*/
public class ConnectionPoolsExample {


A struct that provides the comparison of edge objects. It allows sorting of edges for priority queues. The sorting follows three rules: First, edges are sorted by ascending cost. Edges with the same cost are sorted preferring horizontal/vertical edges. Edges with same cost and orientation are sorted ascending by vertical/horizontal position. More...
#include <edge.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| bool | operator() (const edge &a, const edge &b) const |
| Compare two edge objects. Edges are compared in terms of cost, orientation, and the position. More... | |
A struct that provides the comparison of edge objects. It allows sorting of edges for priority queues. The sorting follows three rules: First, edges are sorted by ascending cost. Edges with the same cost are sorted preferring horizontal/vertical edges. Edges with same cost and orientation are sorted ascending by vertical/horizontal position.
Compare two edge objects. Edges are compared in terms of cost, orientation, and the position.
| a | First edge. |
| b | Second edge. |


Algorithms¶
Five algorithms are implemented in this package:
- C-Value
- Basic
- Combo Basic
- Weirdness
- Term Extractor.
As indicated in “General Usage”, the following are parameters for the algorithms:
technical_corpus: Union[str, Sequence[str]]
is the corpus which technical terms are to be searched from if it is astr
. If it is a sequence ofstr
’s, then the algorithm will run on every element of the sequence.general_corpus:pd.Series = TermExtraction.get_general_domain()
is the corpus which will be compared with.general_corpus_size:int = 300
is the number of sentences desired by thegeneral_corpus
.verbose:bool = False
, whether a progress bar will be loaded.weights
, meaning varies between algorithms but essentially how much weight is placed on every factor for determining how likely a candidate is a term.smoothing: double = 0.01
is the factor added to a number before dividing the number, to prevent division by zero errors. The default value works fairly well.have_single_word:bool = False
determines whether single words are to be considered as terms.technical_counts: Mapping[str, int]
is the frequency counter from each candidate to the frequency. Helpful for running multiple algorithms since this will allow the POS tagging and counting to only be done once. If it is not set, it will be computed.threshold: float = 0
the threshold for the C-Value algorithms.
And the whether each parameters exists for each algorithm can be summarized by the following table:
Note
Remember that technical_corpus
is required for each algorithm.
Basic¶
This algorithm is equivalent to combo_basic(technical_corpus, weights=np.array([1, 3.5, 0]), *args, **kwargs)
. In other words, it is combo_basic
without the third factor. Specifically, it is [1]
For every term candidate t in the domain, where \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) are configurable weights (1 and 3.5 by default), \(|t|\) is the length in characters of the candidate t, f(t) is the frequency of the term in the domain, and \(e_t\) is the number of term candidates containing t.
Example:
from pyate import basic
basic("I am a term extractor!")
ComboBasic¶
-
pyate.
combo_basic
(technical_corpus: Union[str, Sequence[str]], smoothing: float = 0.01, verbose: bool = False, have_single_word: bool = False, technical_counts: Mapping[str, int] = None, weights: Sequence[float] = None)[source]¶
The ComboBasic algorithm is a generalization of Basic by adding a third parameter \(e_t'\), which is the number of candidate terms contained in the candidate t. Specifically,
where \(\gamma\) is a third weight. The weights
paramater is a list of floats elements such that \(weights=[\alpha,\beta,\gamma]\).
Example:
from pyate import combo_basic
combo_basic("I am a term extractor!")
C-Value¶
-
pyate.
cvalues
(technical_corpus: Union[str, Sequence[str]], smoothing: float = 0.01, verbose: bool = False, have_single_word: bool = False, technical_counts: Mapping[str, int] = None, threshold: float = 0)[source]¶
TODO
Example:
from pyate import cvalues
cvalues("I am a term extractor!")
Term Extractor¶
-
pyate.
term_extractor
(technical_corpus: Union[str, Sequence[str]], general_corpus: Union[str, Sequence[str]] = None, general_corpus_size=300, weights: Sequence[float] = None, verbose: bool = False, technical_counts: Mapping[str, int] = None)[source]¶
TODO
Example:
from pyate import term_extractor
term_extractor("I am a term extractor!")
Weirdness¶
-
pyate.
weirdness
(technical_corpus: Union[str, Sequence[str]], general_corpus: Union[str, Sequence[str]] = None, general_corpus_size=300, normalized: bool = False, technical_counts: Mapping[str, int] = None, verbose: bool = False) → pandas.core.series.Series[source]¶
The Weirdness algorithm compares the term’s frequency in a technical domain with its frequency in a general domain. Although it is one of the simplest algorithms to implement and understand, it is the least precise [1]. The formula is as follows: [4]
Where \(f_{technical}(t)\) and \(f_{general}(t)\) denote the frequency of candidate t in the technical and general domains, respectively, and |TechnicalCorpus| and |GeneralCorpus| denote the number of words in the two corpora, respectively.
Example:
from pyate import weirdness
weirdness("I am a term extractor!")
References¶
| [1] | (1, 2) Astrakhantsev, N. (2018). ATR4S: toolkit with state-of-the-art automatic terms recognition methods in Scala. Language Resources and Evaluation, 52(3), 853-872, retrieved from https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.07804. |
| [2] | Frantzi K.T., Ananiadou S., Tsujii J. (1998) The C-value/NC-value Method of Automatic Recognition for Multi-word Terms. In: Nikolaou C., Stephanidis C. (eds) Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries. ECDL 1998. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1513. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-49653-X_35 |
| [3] | Sclano F., Velardi P. (2007) TermExtractor: a Web Application to Learn the Shared Terminology of Emergent Web Communities. In: Gonçalves R.J., Müller J.P., Mertins K., Zelm M. (eds) Enterprise Interoperability II. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-858-6_32 |
| [4] | Astrakhantsev, N.A., Fedorenko, D.G. & Turdakov, D.Y. Methods for automatic term recognition in domain-specific text collections: A survey. Program Comput Soft 41, 336–349 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1134/S036176881506002X |


Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Minima maxime quam architecto quo inventore harum ex magni, dicta impedit.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Minima maxime quam architecto quo inventore harum ex magni, dicta impedit.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Minima maxime quam architecto quo inventore harum ex magni, dicta impedit.
Music Teacher
Mark Holtom has been performing with Christian Orchestras and Bands for over 40 years. He has toured with the Continental Singers as a French Hornist, The New Life Symphony Orchestra from Dallas, Texas as a Trombonist and French Hornist, and Metro Big Band. Mark is currently principal trombonist in the Praise Symphony Orchestra in Santa Ana, band member in Super Kitty and the Side Cats in Whittier, and principal trombonist in the West Coast Big Band in Fullerton. He has performed internationally in France, Italy, Scotland, Poland, Chile, Brazil, and Guatemala. Mark has taught private lessons for the piano, trumpet, French horn, baritone horn, euphonium, and trombone for over 25 years. In addition, he has been an elementary school teacher with the East Whittier City School District for 20 years.


EBD - Easton Bible DIctionary
Shimshai
SHIMSHAI
"SHIMSHAI "the shining one, or sunny, the secretary of Rehum the chancellor, who took part in opposing the rebuilding of the temple after the Captivity (
Ezra 4:8, 9, 17-23
).
"SHIMSHAI "the shining one, or sunny, the secretary of Rehum the chancellor, who took part in opposing the rebuilding of the temple after the Captivity (Ezra 4:8, 9, 17-23).


Welcome to Bookmarker
Web Application written on pure Javascript
Store some bookmarks!!
Bookmark your Sites
Site Name
Site Url
Submit
Saved Bookmarks


By using our service you agree to the Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
We're not quite at the Getting Started step yet. You could say we aren't ready to get started :)
The best thing to do is to register for an account (click here) and then read our paper on building robust cloud based applications. There's even a github repository with a tutorial app
Most likely you aren't familiar with building applications like we do. We have a very opinionated architecture based on linked data and single page applications. Read more about it below...
A Web application's architecture is heavily influenced by the design decisions, both implicit and explicit, that have been made by framework developers. Sometimes these decisions are consciously accepted as being in line with the intended overall system architecture. More often, though, they are accepted simply because developers assume they embody the state of the art of development practices.
ROCA is an attempt to define a set of recommendations — independent of any particular framework, programming language, or tooling — that embodies the principles of what we consider to be good web application architecture. Its purpose is to serve as a reference, one that can be implemented as-is or be compared to other approaches to highlight diverging design decisions.
The goal of a single page application is to provide a more fluid user experience akin to a desktop application.
In an SPA, either all necessary code – HTML, JavaScript, and CSS – is retrieved with a single page load, or the appropriate resources are dynamically loaded and added to the page as necessary, usually in response to user actions. The page does not reload at any point in the process, nor does control transfer to another page, although modern web technologies (such as those included in HTML5) can provide the perception and navigability of separate logical pages in the application.
The term single-page application was coined by Steve Yen in 2005, though the concept was discussed at least as early as 2003 and Stuart (stunix) Morris wrote the Self-Contained website at http://slashdotslash.com with the same goals and functions in 2002.
A Web application's architecture is heavily influenced by the design decisions, both implicit and explicit, that have been made by framework developers. Sometimes these decisions are consciously accepted as being in line with the intended overall system architecture. More often, though, they are accepted simply because developers assume they embody the state of the art of development practices.
ROCA is an attempt to define a set of recommendations — independent of any particular framework, programming language, or tooling — that embodies the principles of what we consider to be good web application architecture. Its purpose is to serve as a reference, one that can be implemented as-is or be compared to other approaches to highlight diverging design decisions.
Backend as a service (BaaS), also known as "mobile backend as a service" (MBaaS), is a model for providing web and mobile app developers with a way to link their applications to backend cloud storage while also providing features such as user management, push notifications, and integration with social networking services.
These services are provided via the use of custom software development kits (SDKs) and application programming interfaces (APIs). BaaS is a relatively recent development in cloud computing, with most BaaS startups dating from 2011 or later.
This information isn't very helpful, is it? Like we said -- we aren't even in alpha testing and really just needed some words on the page (thank you Wikipedia)


THE ZEROS A film review by Christopher Null Copyright 2001 filmcritic.com filmcritic.com
A wry and independent black comedy, The Zeros turns the road trip inside out with a funny -- yet ultimately bleak -- look at a young man facing impending death in a not-so-distant dystopia.
Mackenzie Astin (The Last Days of Disco) stars as Joe, who is told by his rather flippant doctor he has a matter of days or weeks to live. A despondent Joe throws caution to the wind and figures he'll go on a cross-country trip of self-discovery, ostensibly in search of his childhood friend Joyce (Jennifer Morrison).
Rest assured that the charm of The Zeros isn't ferreted away in my pathetic attempt at a plot description. Rather, as the saying goes, the fun is in getting there. Joe's trip takes him to a nursing home, a roadside cult, a circus, a Texas millionaire's personal playground, and most outrageously, a karaoke-strip-club-roller-disco. Sure, there's not much sense of direction in all of this, but it's an awfully good time.
Writer/director John Ryman fills the film was clever touches of black and devilishly funny comedy -- from the millionaire's habit of blowing up cows for sport to a friend he meets who wears an eye patch because it makes "the ladies" feel sorry for him. His sick and too-near future is also cleverly created from modern day trappings given a sadistic twist. It's just too bad the narrative that holds these outrageous moments and settings together is so wafer thin (and ultimately bogs down the last act of the film with too many saccharine histrionics). Still, while The Zeros peters out in its dying breaths, it's a worthwhile picture in an era of lackluster independent film.
Shot on Super 16 and premiering at the 2001 SXSW film festival, Ryman's film shows great professionalism in its production, from the cinematography to the acting, ultimately belying its low budget reality. The sound design is unfortunately off, but it doesn't detract too much from the wackiness before your eyes. And I mean that in a good way.

Visit filmcritic.com on the Web at http://www.filmcritic.com
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Builds a new class that encapsulates a namespace and provides various ways to access it.
The typename argument is required and is the name of the namedspace class that will be generated.
The required_fields and optional_fields arguments can be a string or sequence of strings and together specify the fields that instances of the namedspace class have.
Values for the required fields must be provided somehow when the instance is created. Values for optional fields may be provided later, or maybe not at all.
The mutable_fields argument specifies which fields will be mutable, if any. By default, all fields are immutable and all instances are hashable and can be used as dictionary keys. If any fields are set as mutable, all instances are not hashable and cannot be used as dictionary keys.
The default_values mapping provides simple default values for the fields.
The default_value_factories mapping provides a more flexible, but more complex, mechanism for providing default values. The value of each item is a callable that takes a single argument, the namedspace instance, and returns the default value for the field.
The default_values_factories mapping is only consulted if there is no default value for the field in the default_values mapping.
Here is a simple example, using only the required fields argument:
>>> SimpleNS = namedspace("SimpleNS", ("id", "name", "description"))
>>> SimpleNS
<class 'namedspace.SimpleNS'>
Once the class has been created, it can be instantiated like any other class. However, a value for all of the required fields must be provided.
>>> simple_ns = SimpleNS(id=1, description="Simple Description")
Traceback (most recent call last):
<snip/>
ValueError: A value for field 'name' is required.
>>> simple_ns = SimpleNS(id=1, name="Simple Name", description="Simple Description")
>>> simple_ns
SimpleNS(id=1, name='Simple Name', description='Simple Description')
An instance of a namedspace class provides standard attribute access to its fields.
>>> simple_ns.id
1
>>> simple_ns.name
'Simple Name'
>>> simple_ns.description
'Simple Description'
In addition to standard attribute access, instances of a namedspace class implement a MutableMapping interface.
>>> 'id' in simple_ns
True
>>> for field_name in simple_ns:
... print field_name
id
name
description
>>> len(simple_ns)
3
>>> simple_ns["id"]
1
>>> simple_ns["name"]
'Simple Name'
>>> simple_ns["description"]
'Simple Description'
There are built-in properties to access collections and iterators associated with the namespace.
The namespace encapsulated by a namedspace class is stored in an OrderedDict, so order of the collections is the same as the order that the fields were specified.
All of these properties use the standard “protected” naming convention in order to not pollute the public namespace.
>>> simple_ns._field_names
('id', 'name', 'description')
>>> tuple(simple_ns._field_names_iter)
('id', 'name', 'description')
>>> simple_ns._field_values
(1, 'Simple Name', 'Simple Description')
>>> tuple(simple_ns._field_values_iter)
(1, 'Simple Name', 'Simple Description')
>>> simple_ns._field_items
[('id', 1), ('name', 'Simple Name'), ('description', 'Simple Description')]
>>> list(simple_ns._field_items_iter)
[('id', 1), ('name', 'Simple Name'), ('description', 'Simple Description')]
>>> simple_ns._as_dict
OrderedDict([('id', 1), ('name', 'Simple Name'), ('description', 'Simple Description')])
Here is a more complex example, using all of the arguments:
>>> from itertools import count
>>> ComplexNS = namedspace("ComplexNS", "id", optional_fields=("name", "description", "extra"),
... mutable_fields=("description", "extra"), default_values={"description": "None available"},
... default_value_factories={"id": lambda self, counter=count(start=1): counter.next(),
... "name": lambda self: "Name for id={id}".format(id=self.id)})
>>> complex_ns1 = ComplexNS()
>>> complex_ns1.id
1
The value of 1 was automatically assigned by the default_value_factory for the ‘id’ field, in this case a lambda closure that hooks up an instance of itertools.count.
>>> complex_ns1.name
'Name for id=1'
This value was also generated by a default value factory. In this case, the factory for the ‘name’ attribute uses the value of the ‘id’ attribute to compute the default value.
>>> complex_ns1.description
'None available'
This value came from the default_values mapping.
The description field was set as a mutable field, which allows it to be modified.
>>> complex_ns1.description = "Some fancy description"
>>> complex_ns1.description
'Some fancy description'
Its value can also be deleted.
>>> del complex_ns1.description
>>> complex_ns1.description
'None available'
Since its modified value was deleted, and it has a default value, it has reverted to its default value.
The extra field is a valid field in this namedspace, but it has not yet been assigned a value and does not have a default.
>>> complex_ns1.extra
Traceback (most recent call last):
<snip/>
AttributeError: "Field 'extra' does not yet exist in this ComplexNS namedspace instance."
Since it one of the mutable fields, we can give it a value.
>>> complex_ns1.extra = "Lasts a long, long time"
>>> complex_ns1.extra
'Lasts a long, long time'
Only fields that have been declared as either required or optional are allowed.
>>> complex_ns1.some_other_field = "some other value"
Traceback (most recent call last):
<snip/>
FieldNameError: "Field 'some_other_field' does not exist in ComplexNS namedspace."
Finally, to illustrate that our counter is working as it should, if we instantiate another instance, our id field will get the next counter value.
>>> complex_ns2 = ComplexNS()
>>> complex_ns2.id
2


inspect_annotations module
Annotation parsing. For links inside annotations see test_inspect.TypeLinks.
Classes
- class AContainer
- A generic class. No parent class info extracted yet.
- class AContainer2
- Another class derived from a typing thing.
- class Foo
- A class with properties
- class FooSlots
- A class with slots
Functions
- def annotated_positional_keyword(bar = False, *, foo: str, **kwargs)
- Function with explicitly delimited keyword args and type annotations
- def annotation(param: typing.List[int], another: bool, third: str = 'hello') -> float
- An annotated function
- def annotation_any(a: typing.Any)
- Annotation with the Any type
- def annotation_callable(a: typing.Callable[[float, int], str])
- Annotation with the Callable type
- def annotation_callable_no_args(a: typing.Callable[[], typing.Dict[int, float]])
- Annotation with the Callable type w/o arguments
- def annotation_ellipsis(a: typing.Callable[[...], int], b: typing.Tuple[str, ...])
- Annotation with ellipsis
- def annotation_func_instead_of_type(a)
- Annotation with a function instead of a type, ignored
- def annotation_func_instead_of_type_nested(a, b, c)
- Annotations with nested problems, ignoring the whole thing
- def annotation_generic(a: typing.List[Tp]) -> Tp
- Annotation with a generic type
- def annotation_list_noparam(a: typing.List[T])
- Annotation with the unparametrized List type. 3.7 and 3.8 adds an implicit TypeVar to it, 3.6, 3.9 and 3.10 not, so the output is different between the versions.
- def annotation_optional(a: typing.Optional[float])
- Annotation with the Optional type
- def annotation_strings(param: typing.List[int], another: bool, third: str = 'hello') -> float
- Annotated using strings, should result in exactly the same as annotation()
- def annotation_tuple_instead_of_tuple(a)
- Annotation with a tuple instead of Tuple, ignored
- def annotation_union(a: typing.Union[float, int])
- Annotation with the Union type
- def annotation_union_of_undefined(a: typing.Union[int, something.Undefined])
- Annotation with an union that has an undefined type inside, where we can't use isinstance either
- def annotation_union_second_bracketed(a: typing.Union[float, typing.List[int]])
- Annotation with the Union type and second type bracketed, where we can't use isinstance
- def args_kwargs(a, b, *args, **kwargs)
- Function with args and kwargs
- def no_annotation(a, b, z)
- Non-annotated function
- def no_annotation_default_param(param, another, third = 'hello')
- Non-annotated function with a default parameter
- def partial_annotation(foo, param: typing.Tuple[int, int], unannotated, cls: object)
- Partially annotated function
- def positional_keyword(positional_kw, *, kw_only)
- Function with explicitly delimited keyword args
- def returns_none(a: typing.Callable[[], None]) -> None
- In order to disambiguate between a missing return annotation and an annotated none, the None return annotation is kept, converted from NoneType to None
- def returns_none_type(a: typing.Callable[[], None]) -> None
- And it should behave the same when using None or type(None)
Data
- ANNOTATED_VAR: typing.Tuple[bool, str] = (False, 'No.')
- UNANNOTATED_VAR = 3.45


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Navigation Menu
Bug reports and feedback
If you found some bug or have some nice suggestion or you want to follow up on development, head over to following link :
mubaidr myOpera Blog.If you found some bug or have some nice suggestion or you want to follow up on development, head over to following link :
mubaidr myOpera Blog.


| 1 | /* | |
| 2 | * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more | |
| 3 | * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with | |
| 4 | * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. | |
| 5 | * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 | |
| 6 | * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with | |
| 7 | * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at | |
| 8 | * | |
| 9 | * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 | |
| 10 | * | |
| 11 | * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software | |
| 12 | * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, | |
| 13 | * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. | |
| 14 | * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and | |
| 15 | * limitations under the License. | |
| 16 | */ | |
| 17 | package org.apache.commons.math3.genetics; | |
| 18 | ||
| 19 | import java.util.ArrayList; | |
| 20 | import java.util.List; | |
| 21 | ||
| 22 | import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.DimensionMismatchException; | |
| 23 | import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.MathIllegalArgumentException; | |
| 24 | import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.OutOfRangeException; | |
| 25 | import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.util.LocalizedFormats; | |
| 26 | import org.apache.commons.math3.random.RandomGenerator; | |
| 27 | ||
| 28 | /** | |
| 29 | * Perform Uniform Crossover [UX] on the specified chromosomes. A fixed mixing | |
| 30 | * ratio is used to combine genes from the first and second parents, e.g. using a | |
| 31 | * ratio of 0.5 would result in approximately 50% of genes coming from each | |
| 32 | * parent. This is typically a poor method of crossover, but empirical evidence | |
| 33 | * suggests that it is more exploratory and results in a larger part of the | |
| 34 | * problem space being searched. | |
| 35 | *
 | |
| 36 | * This crossover policy evaluates each gene of the parent chromosomes by chosing a | |
| 37 | * uniform random number {@code p} in the range [0, 1]. If {@code p} < {@code ratio}, | |
| 38 | * the parent genes are swapped. This means with a ratio of 0.7, 30% of the genes from the | |
| 39 | * first parent and 70% from the second parent will be selected for the first offspring (and | |
| 40 | * vice versa for the second offspring). | |
| 41 | *
 | |
| 42 | * This policy works only on {@link AbstractListChromosome}, and therefore it | |
| 43 | * is parameterized by T. Moreover, the chromosomes must have same lengths. | |
| 44 | * | |
| 45 | * @see Crossover techniques (Wikipedia) | |
| 46 | * @see Crossover (Obitko.com) | |
| 47 | * @see Uniform crossover | |
| 48 | * @param <T> generic type of the {@link AbstractListChromosome}s for crossover | |
| 49 | * @since 3.1 | |
| 50 | * @version $Id: UniformCrossover.java 1385297 2012-09-16 16:05:57Z tn $ | |
| 51 | */ | |
| 52 | public class UniformCrossover<T> implements CrossoverPolicy { | |
| 53 | ||
| 54 | /** The mixing ratio. */ | |
| 55 | private final double ratio; | |
| 56 | ||
| 57 | /** | |
| 58 | * Creates a new {@link UniformCrossover} policy using the given mixing ratio. | |
| 59 | * | |
| 60 | * @param ratio the mixing ratio | |
| 61 | * @throws OutOfRangeException if the mixing ratio is outside the [0, 1] range | |
| 62 | */ | |
| 63 | public UniformCrossover(final double ratio) throws OutOfRangeException { | |
| 64 | 4 | if (ratio < 0.0d || ratio > 1.0d) { |
| 65 | throw new OutOfRangeException(LocalizedFormats.CROSSOVER_RATE, ratio, 0.0d, 1.0d); | |
| 66 | } | |
| 67 | this.ratio = ratio; | |
| 68 | } | |
| 69 | ||
| 70 | /** | |
| 71 | * Returns the mixing ratio used by this {@link CrossoverPolicy}. | |
| 72 | * | |
| 73 | * @return the mixing ratio | |
| 74 | */ | |
| 75 | public double getRatio() { | |
| 76 | 1 | return ratio; |
| 77 | } | |
| 78 | ||
| 79 | /** | |
| 80 | * {@inheritDoc} | |
| 81 | * | |
| 82 | * @throws MathIllegalArgumentException iff one of the chromosomes is | |
| 83 | * not an instance of {@link AbstractListChromosome} | |
| 84 | * @throws DimensionMismatchException if the length of the two chromosomes is different | |
| 85 | */ | |
| 86 | @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") | |
| 87 | public ChromosomePair crossover(final Chromosome first, final Chromosome second) | |
| 88 | throws DimensionMismatchException, MathIllegalArgumentException { | |
| 89 | ||
| 90 | 2 | if (!(first instanceof AbstractListChromosome<?> && second instanceof AbstractListChromosome<?>)) { |
| 91 | throw new MathIllegalArgumentException(LocalizedFormats.INVALID_FIXED_LENGTH_CHROMOSOME); | |
| 92 | } | |
| 93 | 1 | return mate((AbstractListChromosome<T>) first, (AbstractListChromosome<T>) second); |
| 94 | } | |
| 95 | ||
| 96 | /** | |
| 97 | * Helper for {@link #crossover(Chromosome, Chromosome)}. Performs the actual crossover. | |
| 98 | * | |
| 99 | * @param first the first chromosome | |
| 100 | * @param second the second chromosome | |
| 101 | * @return the pair of new chromosomes that resulted from the crossover | |
| 102 | * @throws DimensionMismatchException if the length of the two chromosomes is different | |
| 103 | */ | |
| 104 | private ChromosomePair mate(final AbstractListChromosome<T> first, | |
| 105 | final AbstractListChromosome<T> second) throws DimensionMismatchException { | |
| 106 | final int length = first.getLength(); | |
| 107 | 1 | if (length != second.getLength()) { |
| 108 | throw new DimensionMismatchException(second.getLength(), length); | |
| 109 | } | |
| 110 | ||
| 111 | // array representations of the parents | |
| 112 | final List<T> parent1Rep = first.getRepresentation(); | |
| 113 | final List<T> parent2Rep = second.getRepresentation(); | |
| 114 | // and of the children | |
| 115 | final List<T> child1Rep = new ArrayList<T>(first.getLength()); | |
| 116 | final List<T> child2Rep = new ArrayList<T>(second.getLength()); | |
| 117 | ||
| 118 | final RandomGenerator random = GeneticAlgorithm.getRandomGenerator(); | |
| 119 | ||
| 120 | 3 | for (int index = 0; index < length; index++) { |
| 121 | ||
| 122 | 2 | if (random.nextDouble() < ratio) { |
| 123 | // swap the bits -> take other parent | |
| 124 | child1Rep.add(parent2Rep.get(index)); | |
| 125 | child2Rep.add(parent1Rep.get(index)); | |
| 126 | } else { | |
| 127 | child1Rep.add(parent1Rep.get(index)); | |
| 128 | child2Rep.add(parent2Rep.get(index)); | |
| 129 | } | |
| 130 | } | |
| 131 | ||
| 132 | 1 | return new ChromosomePair(first.newFixedLengthChromosome(child1Rep), |
| 133 | second.newFixedLengthChromosome(child2Rep)); | |
| 134 | } | |
| 135 | } | |
Mutations | ||
| 64 |
changed conditional boundary : SURVIVED changed conditional boundary : KILLED -> org.apache.commons.math3.genetics.UniformCrossoverTest.org.apache.commons.math3.genetics.UniformCrossoverTest negated conditional : KILLED -> org.apache.commons.math3.genetics.UniformCrossoverTest.org.apache.commons.math3.genetics.UniformCrossoverTest negated conditional : KILLED -> org.apache.commons.math3.genetics.UniformCrossoverTest.org.apache.commons.math3.genetics.UniformCrossoverTest |
|
| 76 |
replaced return of double value with -(x + 1) for org/apache/commons/math3/genetics/UniformCrossover::getRatio : NO_COVERAGE |
|
| 90 |
negated conditional : KILLED -> org.apache.commons.math3.genetics.UniformCrossoverTest.org.apache.commons.math3.genetics.UniformCrossoverTest negated conditional : KILLED -> org.apache.commons.math3.genetics.UniformCrossoverTest.org.apache.commons.math3.genetics.UniformCrossoverTest |
|
| 93 |
mutated return of Object value for org/apache/commons/math3/genetics/UniformCrossover::crossover to ( if (x != null) null else throw new RuntimeException ) : KILLED -> org.apache.commons.math3.genetics.UniformCrossoverTest.org.apache.commons.math3.genetics.UniformCrossoverTest |
|
| 107 |
negated conditional : KILLED -> org.apache.commons.math3.genetics.UniformCrossoverTest.org.apache.commons.math3.genetics.UniformCrossoverTest |
|
| 120 |
Changed increment from 1 to -1 : KILLED -> org.apache.commons.math3.genetics.UniformCrossoverTest.org.apache.commons.math3.genetics.UniformCrossoverTest negated conditional : KILLED -> org.apache.commons.math3.genetics.UniformCrossoverTest.org.apache.commons.math3.genetics.UniformCrossoverTest changed conditional boundary : KILLED -> org.apache.commons.math3.genetics.UniformCrossoverTest.org.apache.commons.math3.genetics.UniformCrossoverTest |
|
| 122 |
negated conditional : KILLED -> org.apache.commons.math3.genetics.UniformCrossoverTest.org.apache.commons.math3.genetics.UniformCrossoverTest changed conditional boundary : KILLED -> org.apache.commons.math3.genetics.UniformCrossoverTest.org.apache.commons.math3.genetics.UniformCrossoverTest |
|
| 132 |
mutated return of Object value for org/apache/commons/math3/genetics/UniformCrossover::mate to ( if (x != null) null else throw new RuntimeException ) : KILLED -> org.apache.commons.math3.genetics.UniformCrossoverTest.org.apache.commons.math3.genetics.UniformCrossoverTest |


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