More help on IssueZilla: Index
More help about issues
- Choose the appropriate link in the "Enter An Issue" section of the Project Issues page. Once you have invoked IssueZilla, a secondary "Issue Tracking" tool bar appears on this page and you can also enter an issue by clicking the New link in the IssueZilla tool bar.
- Choose the appropriate project component.
- Selected the appropriate options or input information for each field before using the Commit button to enter your issue.
The information you provide here significantly determines the effectiveness of your issue reports and the response to them. Descriptions for each of these fields follow to help you optimize your issue reports.
Important note: When you first enter a new issue, you cannot set a target milestone date, nor can you assign dependencies (flag other issues that depend on this new issue or those that it depends upon). To designate a target milestone or dependencies, you must first submit the new issue successfully, then retrieve it to access fields for setting a target milestone and creating dependencies.
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- The release in which you identified this issue or found the defect.
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- Identify area within the project that this issue is associated with. Only one selection is permitted.
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- This corresponds to your hardware platform when you are reporting a defect. Options include:
- All (happens on all platform; cross-platform issue)
- Macintosh
- PC
- Sun
- HP
Note: Selecting the option "All" does not select issues assigned against all platforms. It merely selects issues that occur on all platforms.
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- This is the operating system against which the issue is being reported. Legal operating systems include:
- All (happens on all operating systems, making this a cross-platform issue)
- Windows 95
- Mac System 8.0
- Linux
Note that the operating system implies the platform, but not always. For example, Linux can run on PC, Macintosh, and others.
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- This field let you assign a level of importance to help determine when this issue should be addressed relative to other issues. This field is utilized by the programmers/engineers to prioritize their work.
| P1 | Most important
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| P2 |
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| P3 |
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| P4 |
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| P5 | Least important
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Defect is a problem with an existing feature that is either not developed to spec or does not work as designed. These are often referred to as "bugs."
Enhancement is an improvement to an existing feature.
Feature is an addition to the software to add a piece of functionality that does not yet exist.
Task is an activity to be done on behalf or in support of a feature or enhancement. Tasks do not typically require direct changes to the code base.
Patch is a special kind of issue, a section of code to be applied or attached to existing software, often to fix a defect.
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- Newly entered issues are either "new" or "unconfirmed." Marking an issue unconfirmed means you have not yet determined whether it is true or valid. Read more about "state" in the lifecycle of an issue.
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- Enter the email address of the one individual who is in charge of resolving the issue. If this field is left blank, the issue by default is assigned to the component/sub component owner. Every time this field changes, the status changes to NEW to make it visible in the assignee's list of issues.
- Add email addresses of other individuals who need email notification when this issue changes status or when there is other activity on this issue. Delimit multiple email addressees by single spaces only -- no commas or semi-colons are necessary.
Note: Assign cc addresses sparingly. Project participants whose interest or involvement in this issue is peripheral should be encouraged to use IssueZilla to check and track issues rather than to rely on automatic email notification.
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- How to use this field depends on the issue type:
- For defects, URL should lead to a fairly stable system where the the problem is obvious or can be easily reproduced.
- For enhancements, URL should provide details pertaining to the improvement, such as mockups.
- For features, URL should link to any web-based form of material explaining the improvement such as mockups or design specs.
- For tasks, URL is optional and may include linking to the associated feature or enhancement.
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- A terse, specific statement to describe this issue. This should a few unique, self-explanatory words to identify this issue easily in reports and short lists. Limiting your entry to the width of the field is best for the columnar display of query results.
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- Provide a full description of the issue including any pertinent history or activity around this issue. Because this field is additive, it serves as the knowledge base and means of communicating through this issue's life cycle. Other project participants view and add comments or information using this field.
Commit enters this issue into the project's issue database.
Reset returns all field values to their default or blank settings.
Remember values as bookmark template lets you save your input settings to save keystrokes when entering multiple issues for the same project component.
For more information about entering issues into IssueZilla, see also Issue Writing Guidelines.
Existing issues may be accessed in two different ways:
- Entering a specific issue number in the "Find" field located in the IssueZilla tool bar displays the "Issue View" page.
- Querying for issues either by clicking the "Query database" button in the Project Issues page, or by clicking the "Query" link in the IssueZilla tool bar displays an "Issue List" page of your results. (See Querying and tracking issues.)
The Issue View page is similar to the Issue Entry page and contains many of the same fields, but there are several important additions:
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- If your project has designated milestones, this field can be used to associated issues with those milestones, such as version releases. A milestone plan enumerates when different features are expected to be completed. If an issue has a target date or version release, this means the work on this issue must be completed by that date. This field should only be set or changed by the person responsible for the issue.
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- You can add additional email addresses to this issue to alert other project members when activity occurs on this issue. If you are adding multiple addresses, delimit these with single spaces; do not use commas or semi-colons. You can also remove one or more email address listed by selecting it and checking the "Remove selected Cc's" box below.
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- This field should contain an email address or alias for the person(s) responsible for quality control of this issue.
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- If this field is populated, clicking the field label links directly to the designated URL.
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- The purpose of this generic field can be user-defined and project-specific. (In BugZilla, this field is used for writing short, one-line notes about the bug.)
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- Adding attachment to an issue can be very useful. For defects, appending test cases, screen shots and/or editor logs to the issue can help pinpoint the problem to help the developer reproduce it.
For features, enhancements, and tasks, you can attach screen shots, mockups, and other files to provide supplemental information to illustrate the issue.
You can also used this field to attach a patch related to the issue when appropriate. Read more about contributing patches.
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- When an issue can't be addressed until one or more other issues are resolved, these are dependencies. Each issue can have other issues it depends upon , as well as issues that depend upon it, that is, other issues that this issue "blocks" while being unresolved. The links next to these fields display a tree and graph illustrating the dependencies associated with the issue currently being viewed.
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IssueZilla's "voting" feature allows project members to have a certain number of votes in their project to use toward issues. Project owners set the number of votes allowed per issue, as well as the number of votes allowed per member. Some projects/components may not allow any, which means you can't vote on those issues at all. Your vote indicates which issues you believe are the most important to be addressed.
You may vote for the same bug more than once, however, you have a limited number of total votes allocated to you. You can either vote once for many issues, or use multiple votes for a fewer issues that you think are particularly critical.
If an issue has received votes, the total number appears next to "Votes for this issue", or "0" if no votes have been logged. Clicking on this number displays the Show Votes page. If there are votes, names and their associated number of votes are listed.
To view a list of issues that have received votes, use the IssueZilla Query page, and enter the numeral "1" in the "At least ___ votes" field. This returns issues in your query results with at least one vote.
To vote for an issue:
- Open the issue (using the "Find" link in the tool bar or by clicking the issue from a list or report).
- Click on the "Vote for this issue" link just above the "Additional Comments" field. (If no such link appears, then voting may not be allowed for this issue's project/component.)
- Indicate the number of votes you want to log for this issue. This page also displays how many votes you've given to other bugs, allowing you may reallocate your votes as necessary.
- You receive automatic email notification anytime changes occur on issues you have voted for.
- You may review your votes at any time by clicking the "Change your password or preferences" link in the IssueZilla tool bar or at the bottom of the query page.
What's the purpose of this voting feature? Read about the important role of consensus voting in open source projects.
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- If one or more drop boxes appear identifying project-defined groups to be included in or excluded from viewing an issue, this indicates that the project/component owner has created groups within the project. You should contact this person to determine how to use these fields.
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- If you are viewing an issue with the status NEW but it is not assigned to you, leave this default as checked. When the issue is assigned to you, you should accept it by changing its status to "Started."
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- Once an issue is resolved, this is where to designate the type of resolution. Changing an issue to "Resolved" means that as far as the assignee is concerned, this issue is completed. Read more about the multiple options in this field's pull-down menu. Note: Changing an issue's status to FIXED signals all other project members that any source file changes associated with this issue have been checked into the CVS repository.
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- The person responsible for the issue can be changed here by entering a new email address, or reassigned to the component/sub component owner.
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- This link displays a snapshot page of changes made to an issue.
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- This links redisplays the Issue View in a format for printing out.
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- This button saves any modifications made to this issue. Caution! When viewing an issue, the "Enter" key works like the Commit button. Any modifications you may have made (accidentally or otherwise) are saved and the issue's assignee and cc list receive email notification of activity on this issue.
To exit out of viewing this issue without making any changes, use the links at the top of this page or in the IssueZilla tool bar to view other issues, or the Back button in your browser. Even when you have changed fields, as long as you do not use the Commit button or the "Enter" key, the issue remains unchanged in the database.
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- Returns all fields to their previously committed values.
Back to Project Issues help
Back to main Help index


A MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S DREAM
STARRING: Kevin Kline, Michelle Pfeiffer, Rupert Everett, Stanley Tucci, Calista Flockhart, Christian Bale, Anna Friel, David Strathairn, Sophie Marceau, Dominic West DIRECTOR: Michael Hoffman WRITTEN BY: Michael Hoffman
William Shakespeare has been dead for almost 400 years now, but his plays are truly immortal as a source of entertainment-- not to mention trepidation for young English students. His colleague Ben Jonson (in one of whose plays Shakespeare acted) wrote, "He is not of an age, but for all time." The recent trend for film directors has been to put that theory to the test by setting the Bard's tales in entirely different historical eras, but leaving the dialogue intact. In 1996, Australian director Baz Luhrmann transplanted Romeo and Juliet into modern-day Verona Beach, complete with guns, gangs, and Leo. This year, Michael Hoffman (One Fine Day, Restoration) takes Shakespeare's early comedy, changes the milieu from ancient Greece to 19th-century Tuscany, and throws in a few bicycles for good measure. These conceits aside, there are some good moments in the film, thanks to thoughtful set design and engaging performances by Everett as Oberon and Tucci as the, er, puckish Robin Goodfellow.
If you want to know how the plot of this thing unfolds, read the frickin' play, because it's pretty convoluted. Let's just say it involves a love triangle complicated by political intrigue, an attempted elopement by night, a female stalker, a troupe of low-rent actors, and a jealous fairy king whose schemes cause the sort of multi-layered misunderstandings that would go on to inspire any number of Three's Company episodes. It's a comedy, though, so everything turns out happily in the end.
In the wrong hands, such exquisitely mannered stuff can be either stultifying or just silly. The actors have to understand it deeply enough to make it accessible to the audience, yet also utter the lines as though they'd never been spoken before. After 400 years, both requirements are tougher than ever, but some of this cast pull it off. Rupert Everett (My Best Friend's Wedding) in particular, with his brooding, English handsomeness, brings the fairy king Oberon to life with equal parts bitterness and mischievousness. As Puck, Oberon's underling and errand boy, Stanley Tucci (Big Night) also demonstrates an easy facility with the Bard's turn of phrase. When he bemusedly says "What fools these mortals be," it seems so natural that it takes a second to register that he's just uttered one of the most famous quotes in all of Shakespeare. Together, the two actors give their characters a depth of mutual familiarity one would expect from immortals.  Less successful are David Strathairn and Calista Flockhart. Strathairn, whose Theseus sounds like something out of a high school drama class, should have been reminded that it's okay to break the iambic pentameter rhythm. As the lovelorn Helena, Flockhart tries too hard, with too much Ally McBeal melodrama, and thus fails to convince.
With all these characters (and more) flitting from scene to scene, Hoffman and production designer Luciana Arrighi wisely chose to create a small but effective forest set rather than film on location. It's stagy, but that's the idea; it allows for an Elizabethan intimacy, but still looks wild enough to harbor sprites and nymphs and such. This latter aspect also heightens the film's sensuality, both in the scenes involving Lysander and Hermia and in Titania's languid pillow talk with Bottom. Backed up by special effects which for once aren't intrusive, it's a cozy environment that never steals attention from the actors.
The film tends to drag at first, but picks up the pace by the third act and finishes strongly with the troupe's hilarious production of "Pyramus and Thisbe" and the all's-well resolution. While Hoffman's more modern setting doesn't really matter, he makes it work without awkwardness, and he restrains his directorial caprice enough to leave the writer's dialogue alone. By the time Puck finishes his final whimsical disclaimer, that dreaded 400-year-old ghost of English class past won't seem so bad after all.
GRADE: **1/2
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


pyamgx
0.1
Installation
Demo
Basic Usage
pyamgx Reference
pyamgx
Docs
»
Index
Index
A
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C
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D
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F
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G
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I
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M
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P
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R
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S
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U
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V
A
AMGXError
C
check_error() (in module pyamgx)
Config (class in pyamgx)
create() (pyamgx.Config method)
(pyamgx.Matrix method)
(pyamgx.Solver method)
(pyamgx.Vector method)
create_from_dict() (pyamgx.Config method)
create_from_file() (pyamgx.Config method)
create_simple() (pyamgx.Resources method)
D
destroy() (pyamgx.Config method)
(pyamgx.Matrix method)
(pyamgx.Resources method)
(pyamgx.Solver method)
(pyamgx.Vector method)
download() (pyamgx.Vector method)
download_raw() (pyamgx.Vector method)
F
finalize() (in module pyamgx)
G
get_api_version() (in module pyamgx)
get_error_string() (in module pyamgx)
get_nnz() (pyamgx.Matrix method)
get_residual() (pyamgx.Solver method)
get_size() (pyamgx.Matrix method)
(pyamgx.Vector method)
I
initialize() (in module pyamgx)
install_signal_handler() (in module pyamgx)
iterations_number (pyamgx.Solver attribute)
M
Matrix (class in pyamgx)
P
pin_memory() (in module pyamgx)
pyamgx (module)
R
read_system() (in module pyamgx)
register_print_callback() (in module pyamgx)
replace_coefficients() (pyamgx.Matrix method)
reset_signal_handler() (in module pyamgx)
Resources (class in pyamgx)
S
set_zero() (pyamgx.Vector method)
setup() (pyamgx.Solver method)
solve() (pyamgx.Solver method)
Solver (class in pyamgx)
status (pyamgx.Solver attribute)
U
unpin_memory() (in module pyamgx)
upload() (pyamgx.Matrix method)
(pyamgx.Vector method)
upload_CSR() (pyamgx.Matrix method)
upload_raw() (pyamgx.Vector method)
V
Vector (class in pyamgx)


cpm: Sequential and Batch Change Detection Using Parametric and
Nonparametric Methods
Sequential and batch change detection for univariate data streams, using the change point model framework. Functions are provided to allow nonparametric distribution-free change detection in the mean, variance, or general distribution of a given sequence of observations. Parametric change detection methods are also provided for Gaussian, Bernoulli and Exponential sequences. Both the batch (Phase I) and sequential (Phase II) settings are supported, and the sequences may contain either a single or multiple change points.
| Version: |
2.2 |
| Depends: |
R (≥ 2.15.0), methods |
| Published: |
2015-07-28 |
| Author: |
Gordon J. Ross |
| Maintainer: |
Gordon J. Ross <gordon at gordonjross.co.uk> |
| License: |
GPL-3 |
| NeedsCompilation: |
yes |
| Citation: |
cpm citation info |
| CRAN checks: |
cpm results |
Downloads:
Reverse dependencies:
Linking:
Please use the canonical form
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=cpm
to link to this page.


--- layout: home title: Home ---
Hi–I'm Alexey.
I'm a senior at Higher School of Economics in Moscow, where I study Economics and Math.
I enjoy solving complex problems; I love helping people; I cherish the intersection of these two. I want the future to be humane, aesthetic, and I want to make it happen faster. You can check out my resume here.
You can contact me by email at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or on social media above; or you could give me your email, so I send you blog updates and stuff! 🤙
Вы могли искать Guzei.com


Camper Chat allows you to talk to other caravangers, RV'ers, road trippers and campers near you. Use Camper Chat to give and receive tips, ask for help with your flat tyre, or just have a friendly chat.


- Fixed Network
- This should really be named fixed-network-cidr. Default: <IP_ADDRESS>/24
- DNS
- Specify the nameserver to use for the cluster template. Default: <IP_ADDRESS>
- Master LB
- Indicates whether created clusters should have a load balancer for master nodes or not. Default: False
- Floating IP
- Indicates whether created clusters should have a floating ip or not. Default: True


SOFI TUKKER's New "Purple Hat" Music Video Is A Glow-In-The-Dark Rager
by Allison StubblebineTaking lyrics "dancing on the people" very literally
SOFI TUKKER captured the electrifying energy of their live shows in the new "Purple Hat" music video. The duo teamed up with frequent collaborator Charles Todd — also behind the visuals for "Fantasy" and "Swing" — to recreate the beautiful chaos of their recent homecoming show at New York City venue Avant Gardner. In the video, fans pour inside the venue wearing the titular purple hats and coordinating leopard print 'fits before "dancing on the people" as the song's mantra instructs.
"This song was written about the energy of the crowds at our shows, so we wanted to literally capture that energy for the video too. It's always so special playing back in New York, where everything started for us and we thought it would be the perfect show to film the video at," SOFI TUKKER tells NYLON. "We didn't want to get actors and have a fake party to recreate the energy — we wanted to do it in real life with real people, like we do most nights of the year. Really happy to relive that night over and over again."
Watch the video for "Purple Hat," below.


This is a page to test how html-archiver handles external scripts.
External scripts should always be inlined if possible.


LOVE IS THE DEVIL A film review by Steve Rhodes Copyright 1998 Steve Rhodes RATING (0 TO ****): *
The marvelous British actor Derek Jacobi stars in writer and director John Maybury's LOVE IS THE DEVIL about the popular modern artist Francis Bacon. As always, Jacobi's acting is impeccable, but the movie tries hard and succeeds at being unentertaining and opaque.
The movie convincingly argues that Francis, played by Jacobi, was a completely despicable and vain individual, but it never provides any insight into his work or any motivation for his attitude. When interviewed by a fawning talk show host, Francis calls his style "chance brushstrokes."
Starting with a burglary of Francis's flat, the film uses loud sound effects that sound like they were lifted from a cheap horror movie. The camera shots are heavy on the avant-garde angles -- lots of wide-angle close-ups and distorted shots filmed through colored-glass reflections. The director is much more interested in filmmaking style than in the substance of the story with the result being a sterile examination of a lonely and vain man.
Daniel Craig, in a lifeless performance, plays the burglar and boxer, George Dyer. When Francis lays eyes on him after the break-in, Francis promises not to call the police if he'll stay for sex. He stays for the entire movie but never respects the man with whom he shares a bed.
Writer Maybury barely outlines Francis's character, and George and the rest of the supporting cast remain a complete enigma. We learn little of George other than Francis's reason for liking him -- George's "amorality and innocence."
Francis's love of sadomasochism is shown early and often. "Boxing is such a marvelous aperitif for sex," he reflects to George on the way to watch a boxing match. As the fighter's head is sliced open with a heavy blow, the camera cuts to a gleeful Francis whose own head is soaked by the flying blood. Francis appears to be in complete ecstasy.
Another of Francis's favorite activities is viewing old movies of atrocities. As the carnage mounts, we witness an orgasmically happy Francis in the audience.
In a film that tries obsessively to shock, one dream sequence portrays a family in a car accident.
Sometimes the script throws us tidbits of Francis's wisdom which illuminate little while merely sounding insightful. ("I'm optimistic by nature. I'm optimistic about nothing." "Loneliness is my only true companion.")
We learn more details about Francis's makeup techniques than about the man himself. He prefers shoe polish for his hair and sink cleaning powder for his teeth.
Full of metaphorical interpretations, the film's best scene occurs late one night when George has to get up to go to the bathroom. Mistaking Francis's picture of a toilet for the genuine article, he urinates on it and then crawls back into bed contentedly.
Like a parody of a bad art house movie, LOVE IS THE DEVIL has horrid characters filmed bizarrely and confusingly by a director who is much more interested in technique than storytelling. By the end, the audience hasn't learned any more than it could have in a three-minute sketch.
LOVE IS THE DEVIL runs 1:30. The film is not rated but should be considered NC-17 for violence, profanity, graphic sex, nudity and sadomasochism and is unacceptable for most teenagers.
Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Web: www.InternetReviews.com
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


prtRv Base class for all prt random variables
This is an abstract class from which all prt random variables
inherit. It can not be instantiated. prtRv contains the following
properties:
name - Name of the random variable.
userData - Structure for holding additional related to the
random variable.
nDimensions - Number of dimensions of the vector space
represented by the random variable.
The prtRv class has the following methods
plotPdf - Plot the pdf of the random variable
plotCdf - Plot the cdf of the random variable
The prtRv class has the following methods, most of which are
overloaded. If a method is not overloaded, it is because it is not
possible to implement the functionality.
pdf - Output the pdf of the random variable evaluated at the points
specified
logPdf - Output the log-pdf of the random variable evaluated at the
points specified (for many distributions, this can be
calculated more easily than simply log(pdf(R,X))
cdf - Output the cdf of the random variable evaluated at the
points specified
draw - Draw samples from the random variable
mle - Perform maximum likelihood estimation of the objects parameters
using the specified data
|
|
cdf |
Output the cdf of the random variable evaluated at the points specified |
|
|
crossValidate |
Cross validate prtAction using prtDataSet and cross validation keys. |
|
|
draw |
Draw random samples from the distribution described by the prtRv object |
|
|
get |
get the object properties |
|
|
kfolds |
Perform K-folds cross validation of prtAction |
|
|
logPdf |
Output the log pdf of the random variable evaluated at the points specified |
|
|
mle |
Compute the maximum likelihood estimate |
|
|
optimize |
Optimize action parameter by exhaustive function maximization. |
|
|
pdf |
Output the pdf of the random variable evaluated at the points specified |
|
|
plotCdf |
Plot the cdf of the prtRv |
|
|
plotPdf |
Plot the pdf of the prtRv |
|
|
run |
Run a prtAction object on a prtDataSet object. |
|
|
set |
set the object properties |
|
|
train |
Train a prtAction object using training a prtDataSet object. |


confirmation window with default data on buttons and icons
confirmation window with edited data on buttons and icons


The Nu Html Checker (v.Nu) is a name for the backend of checker.html5.org, html5.validator.nu, and validator.w3.org/nu. Its source code is available, as are instructions on how to build, test, and run the code. It is released as two packages:
vnu.jar
is a portable standalone version for
batch-checking documents from the command line
and from other scripts/apps, or for
deploying the checker as a self-contained service
vnu.war
is for
deploying the checker service through a servlet container such as Tomcat
To use the Nu Html Checker on your own, get the latest release and see the Usage and Web-based checking sections belowーor alternatively, consider automating your HTML checking with a frontend such as:
Usage · Options · Web-based checking
You can use the vnu.jar
HTML checker as an executable for
command-line checking of documents by invoking it like this:
java -jar ~/vnu.jar [--errors-only] [--no-stream] [--format gnu|xml|json|text] [--help] [--html] [--skip-non-html] [--verbose] [--version] FILES
Note: In these instructions, replace "~/vnu.jar" with the actual path to the file on your system.
To check one or more documents from the command line:
java -jar ~/vnu.jar FILE.html FILE2.html FILE3.HTML FILE4.html...
Note: If you get a StackOverflowError
error when using the vnu.jar file, try adjusting the thread stack size by
providing the -Xss
option to java:
java -Xss512k -jar ~/vnu.jar FILE.html...
To check all documents in a particular directory:
java -jar ~/vnu.jar some-directory-name/
To check all documents in a particular directory, skipping any documents
whose names don’t end with the extensions .html
,
.htm
, .xhtml
, or .xht
:
java -jar ~/vnu.jar --skip-non-html some-directory-name/
To check a Web document:
java -jar ~/vnu.jar URL example: java -jar ~/vnu.jar http://example.com/foo
To check standard input:
java -jar ~/vnu.jar - example: echo '<!doctype html><title>...' | java -jar ~/vnu.jar -
When used from the command line as described in this section, the
vnu.jar
executable provides the following options:
Specifies that only error-level messages and non-document-error messages are reported (so that warnings and info messages are not reported). default: [unset; all message reported, including warnings & info messages]
Specifies the output format for reporting the results. default: "gnu" possible values: "gnu", "xml", "json", "text" [see information at URL below] https://github.com/validator/validator/wiki/Service:-Common-parameters#out
Shows detailed usage information.
Skip documents that don’t have *.html, *.htm, *.xhtml, or *.xht extensions. default: [unset; all documents found are checked, regardless of extension]
Forces any *.xhtml or *.xht documents to be parsed using the HTML parser. default: [unset; XML parser is used for *.xhtml and *.xht documents]
Forces all documents to be be parsed in buffered mode instead of streaming mode (causes some parse errors to be treated as non-fatal document errors instead of as fatal document errors). default: [unset; non-streamable parse errors cause fatal document errors]
Specifies "verbose" output. (Currently this just means that the names of files being checked are written to stdout.) default: [unset; output is not verbose]
Shows the vnu.jar
version number.
The Nu Html Checkerーalong with being usable as a standalone command-line clientーcan be run as an HTTP service, similar to checker.html5.org, html5.validator.nu, and validator.w3.org/nu, for browser-based checking of HTML documents over the Web. To that end, the checker is released as two separate packages:
vnu.jar
for
deploying the checker as a simple self-contained service
vnu.war
for
deploying the checker to a servlet container such as Tomcat
Both deployments expose a REST API that enables checking of HTML
documents from other clients, not just web browsers. And the
vnu.jar
package also includes
a simple HTTP client that enables you to
either send documents to a locally-running instance of the checker HTTP
serviceーfor fast command-line checkingーor to any remote instance of the
checker HTTP service running anywhere on the Web.
The
latest releases of the vnu.jar and vnu.war packages
are available from the validator
project at github.
The following are detailed instructions on using them.
Note: Replace "~/vnu.jar" or "~/vnu.war" below with the actual paths to those files on your system.
Standalone · Servlet · Client · Options
To run the checker as a standalone service (using a built-in
Jetty server), open a new terminal window and invoke vnu.jar
like this:
java -cp ~/vnu.jar nu.validator.servlet.Main 8888
Then open
http://localhost:8888
in a browser. (To have the checker listen on a different port,
replace 8888
with the port number.)
You’ll see a form similar to validator.w3.org/nu that allows you to enter the URL of an HTML document and have the results for that document displayed in the browser.
Note: If you get a StackOverflowError
error when using the vnu.jar file, try adjusting the thread stack size by
providing the -Xss
option to java:
java -Xss512k -cp ~/vnu.jar nu.validator.servlet.Main 8888
To run the checker inside of an existing servlet container
such as Apache Tomcat you will need to deploy the vnu.war
file to that server following its documentation.
For example, on Apache Tomcat you could do this using
the Manager application or simply by copying the file to
the webapps
directory
(since that is the default appBase
setting).
Typically you would see a message similar to the following
in the catalina.out
log file.
May 7, 2014 4:42:04 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployWAR INFO: Deploying web application archive /var/lib/tomcat7/webapps/vnu.war
Assuming your servlet container is configured to receive HTTP
requests sent to localhost
on port 80
and the context root of this application is vnu
(often the default behavior is to use the WAR file's filename
as the context root unless one is explicitly specified)
you should be able to access the application by connecting
to http://localhost/vnu/.
Note: You may want to customize the /WEB-INF/web.xml
file inside the WAR file (you can use any ZIP-handling program)
to modify the servlet filter configuration.
For example, if you wanted to disable gzip decompression you
could comment out that filter like this:
<!-- <filter> <filter-name>gzip-filter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.mortbay.servlet.GzipFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>gzip-filter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> -->
You can also use vnu.jar
from the command line to
either send documents to a locally-running instance of the checker HTTP
serviceーfor fast command-line checkingーor to a remote instance
anywhere on the Web.
To check documents locally, do this:
vnu.jar
like this:
java -cp ~/vnu.jar nu.validator.client.HttpClient FILE.html...
java -cp ~/vnu.jar -Dnu.validator.client.port=80 \ -Dnu.validator.client.host=html5.validator.nu \ nu.validator.client.HttpClient FILE.html...
Other options are documented below.
When using vnu.jar
for sending documents to an instance
of the checker HTTP service for checking, you can set Java system
properties to control configuration options for the checker behavior.
For example, you can suppress warning-level messages and only
show error-level ones by setting the value of the
nu.validator.client.level
system property to
error
, like this:
java -Dnu.validator.client.level=error\
-cp ~/vnu.jar nu.validator.client.HttpClient FILE.html...
Most of the properties listed below map to the validator.nu common input parameters documented at github.com/validator/validator/wiki/Service:-Common-parameters.
Specifies the hostname of the checker for the client to connect to.
default: "<IP_ADDRESS>"
Specifies the hostname of the checker for the client to connect to.
default: "8888"
example: java -Dnu.validator.client.port=8080 -jar ~/vnu.jar FILE.html
Specifies the severity level of messages to report; to
suppress warning-level messages, and only show error-level ones, set
this property to "error".
default: [unset]
possible values: "error"
example: java -Dnu.validator.client.level=error -jar ~/vnu.jar FILE.html
Specifies which parser to use. default: "html"; or, for *.xhtml input files, "xml" possible values: [see information at URL below] https://github.com/validator/validator/wiki/Service:-Common-parameters#parser
Specifies the encoding of the input document. default: [unset]
Specifies the content-type of the input document. default: "text/html"; or, for *.xhtml files, "application/xhtml+xml"
Specifies the output format for messages. default: "gnu" possible values: [see information at URL below] https://github.com/validator/validator/wiki/Service:-Common-parameters#out
Specifies whether ASCII quotation marks are substituted for Unicode smart quotation marks in messages. default: "yes" possible values: "yes" or "no"
Follow the steps below to build, test, and run the checker such that you can open
http://localhost:8888/
in a Web browser to use the checker Web UI.
JAVA_HOME
environment variable:
export JAVA_HOME=@@/PATH/TO/JDK/ON/YOUR/SYSTEM@@For example:
git clone https://github.com/validator/validator.git
cd validator
python ./build/build.py all
The first time you run the build script, you’ll need to be online and the build will need time to download several megabytes of dependencies.
The steps above will build, test, and run the checker such that you can open
http://localhost:8888/
in a Web browser to use the checker Web UI.
Use python ./build/build.py --help
to see command-line options for controlling the
behavior of the script, as well as build-target names you can call separately; e.g.:
python ./build/build.py build
(to build only)
python ./build/build.py build test
(to build and test)
python ./build/build.py run
(to run only)
python ./build/build.py jar
(to compile vnu.jar
)


Click to enlarge
"'WHERE'S THE FLAX?' SAYS HE."
ONCE upon a time there were a woman, and she baked five pies. And when they come out of the oven, they was that overbaked the crust were too hard to eat.
But the gal, she says to herself: "Well, if they'll come agin, I'll ate 'em now." And she set to work and ate 'em all, first and last.
Well, come supper-time the woman she said: "Goo you, and git one o' them there pies. I dare say they've come agin now."
The gal she went an' she looked, and there warn't nothin' but the dishes. So back she come and says she: "Noo, they ain't come agin."
"Not none on 'em?" says the mother.
"Not none on 'em," says she.
"Well, come agin, or not come agin," says the woman, "I'll ha' one for supper."
"But you can't, if they ain't come," says the gal.
"But I can," says she. "Goo you, and bring the best of 'em."
"Best or worst," says the gal, "I've ate 'em all, and you can't ha' one till that's come agin."
Well, the woman she were wholly bate, and she took her spinnin' to the door to spin, and as she span she sang:
"My darter ha' ate five, five pies to-day.
My darter ha' ate five, five pies to-day."
The king he were a comin' down the street, an' he hard her sing, but what she sang he couldn't hare, so he stopped and said:
"What were that you was a singun .of, maw'r?"
The woman she were ashamed to let him hare what her darter had been a doin', so she sang, 'stids o' that:
"My darter ha' spun five, five skeins to-day.
My darter ha' spun five, five skeins to-day."
"S'ars o' mine!" said the king, "I never heerd tell of any one as could do that."
Then he said: "Look you here, I want a wife, and I'll marry your darter. But look you here," says he, "leven months out o' the year she shall have all the vittles she likes to eat, and all the gownds she likes to git, and all the cumpny she likes to hey; but the last month o' the year she'll ha' to spin five skeins iv'ry day, an' if she doon't, I shall kill her."
"All right," says the woman; for she thowt what a grand marriage that was. And as for them five skeins, when te come tew, there'd be plenty o' ways of gettin' out of it, and likeliest, he'd ha' forgot about it.
Well, so they was married. An' for 'leven months the gal had all the vittles she liked to ate, and all the gownds she liked to git, an' all the cumpny she liked to hev.
But when the time was gettin' oover, she began to think about them there skeins an' to wonder if he had 'em in mind. But not one word did he say about 'em, an' she whoolly thowt he'd forgot 'em.
Howsivir, the last day o' the last month he takes her to a room she'd niver set eyes on afore. There worn't nothing in it but a spinnin'-wheel and a stool. An' says he: "Now, my dear, hare yow'ii be shut in to-morrow with some vittles and some flax, and if you hain't spun five skeins by the night, yar hid 'll goo off"
An' awa' he went about his business.
Well, she were that frightened, she'd allus been such a gatless mawther, that she didn't so much as know how to spin, an' what were she to dew to-morrer, with no one to come nigh her to help her. She sat down on a stool in the kitchen, and lork! how she did cry!
Howsivir, all on a sudden she hard a sort of a knockin' low down on the door. She upped and oped it, an' what should she see but a small little black thing with a long tail, That looked up at her right kewrious, an' that said:
"What are yew a cryin' for?"
"Wha's that to yew?" says she.
"Niver yew mind," that said, "but tell me what you're a cryin' for."
"That oon't dew me noo good if I dew," says she.
"Yew doon't know that," that said, an' twirled that's tail round.
"Well," says she, "that oon't dew no harm, if that doon't dew no good," and she upped and told about the pies, an' the skeins, an' everything.
"This is what I'll dew," says the little black thing, "I'll come to yar winder iv'ry mornin' an' take the flax an' bring it spun at night."
"What's your pay?" says she.
That looked out o' the corner o' that's eyes, an' that said:
"I'll give you three guesses every night to guess my name, an' if you hain't guessed it afore the month's up, yew shall be mine."
Well, she thowt she'd be sure to guess that's name afore the month was up. "All right," says she, "I agree."
"All right," that says, an' lork! how that twirled that's tail.
Well, the next day, her husband he took her inter the room, an' there was the flax an' the day's vittles.
"Now there's the flax" says he, "an' if that ain't spun up this night, off goo yar hid." An' then he went out an' locked the door.
He'd hardly goon when there was a knockin' agin the winder.
She upped and she oped it, and there sure enough was the little oo'd thing a settin' on the ledge.
"Where's the flax?" says he.
"Here te be," says she. And she gonned it to him Well, come the evenin' a knockin' come agin to the winder. She upped an' she oped it, and there were the little oo'd thing with five skeins of flax on his arm.
"Here te be," says he, an' he gonned it to her.
"Now, what's my name?" says he.
"'What, is that Bill?" says she.
"Noo, that ain't," says he, an' he twirled his tail.
"Is that Ned?" says she.
"Noo, that ain't," says he, an' he twirled his tail.
"Well, is that Mark?" says she.
"Noo, that ain't," says he, an' he twirled his tail harder, an' awa' he flew.
Well, when har husban' he come in, there was the five skeins riddy for him. "I see I shorn't hey for to kill you to-night, me dare," says he; "yew'll hey yar vittles and yar flax in the mornin'," says he, an' away he goes.
Well, ivery day the flax an' the vittles they was browt, an' ivery day that there little black impet used for to come mornins and evenins. An' all the day the mawther she set a tryin' fur to think of names to say to it when te come at night But she niver hot on the right one. An' as that got to-warts the md o' the month, the impet that began for to look soo maliceful, an' that twirled that's tail faster an' faster each time she gave a guess.
At last te came to the last day but one. The impet that come at night along o' the five skeins, and that said:
"What, ain't yew got my name yet?"
"Is that Nicodemus?" says she.
"Noo, t'ain't," that says.
"Is that Sammle?' says she.
"Noo, t'ain't," that says.
"A-well, is that Methusalem?" says she.
"Noo, t'ain't that norther," that says.
Then that looks at her with that's eyes like a cool o' fire, an' that says: "Woman, there's only to-morrer night, an' then yar'll be mine!" An' away te flew.
Well, she felt that horrud. Howsomediver, she hard the king a comin' along the passage. In he came, an' when he see the five skeins, he says, says he:
"Well, me dare," says he. "I don't see but what yew'll ha' your skeins ready to-mórrer night as well, an' as I reckon
I shorn't ha' to kill you, I'll ha' supper in here to-night." So they brought supper, an' another stool for him, and down the tew they sat.
Well, he hadn't eat but a mouthful or so, when he stops an' begins to laugh.
"What is it?" says she.
"A-why," says he, "I was out a huntin' to-day, an' I got away to a place in the wood I'd never seen afore. An' there was an old chalk-pit. An' I heerd a sort of a hummin', kind o'. So I got off my hobby, an' I went right quiet to the pit, an' I looked down. Well, what should there be but the funniest little black thing yew iver set eyes on. An' what was that a dewin' on, but that had a little spinnin'wheel, an' that were a spinnin' wonnerful fast, an' a twirlin' that's tail. An' as that span, that sang:
"'Nimmy nimmy not
My name's Tom Tit Tot."
Well, when the mawther heerd this, she fared as if she could ha' jumped outer her skin for joy, but she di'n't say a word.
Next day that there little thing looked soo maliceful when he come for the flax. An' when night came, she heerd that a knockin' agin the winder panes. She oped the winder, an' that come right in on the ledge. That were grinnin' from are to are, an' Oo! tha's tail were twirlin' round so fast.
"What's my name?" that says, as that gonned her the skeins.
"Is that Solomon?" she says, pretendin' to be afeard.
"Noo, t'ain't," that says, an' that come fudder inter the room.
"Well, is that Zebedee?" says she agin.
"Noo, t'ain't," says the impet. An' then that laughed an' twirled that's tail till yew cou'n't hardly see it.
"Take time, woman," that says; "next guess, an' you're mine." An' that stretched out that's black bands at her.
Well, she backed a step or two, an' she looked at it, and then she laughed out, an' says she, a pointin' of her finger at it:
"Nimmy nimmy not
Yar name's Tom Tit Tot."
Well, when that hard her, that shruck awful an' awa' that flew into the dark, an' she niver saw it noo more.
1 Folk-Lore Journal, vol. vii. p. 138, quoted by Mr. Edward Clodd from an old number of the Ipswich Journal.
2 "Mawther," remarks J. G. Nail in his Glossary of tile Dialect and Provincialisms of East Anglia (Longinan, 1866), "is the most curious word in the East Anglian vocabulary. A woman and her mawther means a woman and her daughter." The word is without doubt derived from the same root as "maid" and cognate words, upon which cf. Skeat's Etymol. Dictionary, i. v.


Michael Bernstein
human-computer interaction · social computing · crowdsourcing
Projects
Waiting in Line
Needfinding
Prototyping
Heuristic Evaluation
Visualization
Social Design
Gestural Interaction
Design Tools
‹
›


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Installation instructions¶
General installation¶
In order to get started you need to clone the repository to your local folder and install the requirements. We recommend installation using Anaconda:
git clone https://github.com/Mariewelt/OpenChem.git
cd OpenChem
conda create --name OpenChem python=3.7
conda activate OpenChem
conda install --yes --file requirements.txt
conda install -c rdkit rdkit nox cairo
conda install pytorch torchvision -c pytorch
pip install -e
Installation with Docker¶
Alternative way of installation is with Docker. We provide a Dockerfile
, so that you can run your models in a container that already has all the necessary packages installed. You will also need nvidia-docker in order to run models on GPU.
If you are new to Docker, you could checkout this tutorial.
First you need to install docker and nvidia-docker. Follow docker and nvidia-docker instructions.
Then you need to clone the OpenChem repository to your desired local folder by:
git clone https://github.com/Mariewelt/OpenChem.git
cd OpenChem
Then run the following command:
docker build . -f Dockerfile
Execution of this command may take some time. After it’s finished you will see a message similar to this one:
Successfully built a40247366e78
Now you can start you docker container with nvidia-docker by running:
nvidia-docker run -i -t a40247366e78
Inside you docker container you will have everything you need to start building models with OpenChem.


Before Change
loader = GraphSAINTNodeSampler(data, batch_size=3, num_steps=4,
sample_coverage=10, log=False)
sample = next(iter(loader))
assert sample.x.tolist() == [[2, 2], [4, 4], [5, 5]]
assert sample.edge_index.tolist() == [[0, 0, 1, 1, 2], [0, 1, 0, 1, 2]]
assert sample.edge_type.tolist() == [10, 11, 16, 17, 20]
After Change
assert sample.x.tolist() == x[sample.n_id].tolist()
assert sample.edge_index.min() >= 0
assert sample.edge_index.max() < sample.num_nodes
assert sample.edge_id.min() >= 1 and sample.edge_id.max() <= 21
assert sample.edge_id.numel() == sample.num_edges
assert sample.node_norm.numel() == sample.num_nodes
assert sample.edge_norm.numel() == sample.num_edges


We're practicing with JQuery effects! They're tons of fun!
Click here to toggle content below
This dude is a walrus
This walrus is a walrus
Press Ignite to launch the rocket.


Rocket Elevators
Project Office
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Number of Elevators
Number of Floors served
Submit
Your Contract Informations
ID of the Order to check
Total amount of Shafts needed
Total amount of Controllers needed
Total amount of Doors needed
Total amount of Buttons needed
Total amount of Displays needed
Get Order


---
layout: post
status: publish
published: true
title: Tonight, I'm Far away from home
author: Leask
author_login: leask
author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>author_url: https://leaskh.com
wordpress_id: 456
wordpress_url: http://leaskh.wordpress.com/2006/10/06/tonight-im-far-away-from-home
date: '2006-10-06 12:06:35 +0800'
date_gmt: '2006-10-06 12:06:35 +0800'
categories:
- Music
tags: []
comments: []
---
by Groove Coverage
I´m loving living every single day but sometimes I feel so....
I hope to find a little peace of mind and I just want to know.
And who can heal those tiny broken hearts, and what are we to be. Where is home on the milkyway of stars, I dry my eyes again.
Refrain:
In my Dreams I´m not so far away from home
What am I in a world so far away from home
All my life all the time so far away from home
without you I´ll be so far away from home.
Strophe II
If we could make it thrue the darkest Night we´d have a brighter day.The world I see beyond your pretty eyes, makes me want to stay.
And who can heal those tiny broken hearts, and what are we to be. Where is home on the milkyway of stars, I dry my eyes again.
Refrain:
In my Dreams I´m not so far away from home
What am I in a world so far away from home
All my life all the timeso far away from home
without you I´ll be so far away from home.
Strophe III
I count on you, no matter what they say, cause love can find it´s time. I hope to be a part of you again, baby let us shine.
And who can heal those tiny broken hearts, and what are we to be. Where is home on the milkyway of stars, I dry my eyes again.
Refrain:
In my Dreams I´m not so far away from home
What am I in a world so far away from home
All my life all the time so far away from home
without you I´ll be so far away from home.
In my Dreams I´m not so far away from home
What am I in a world so far away from home
All my life all the time so far away from home
without you I´´ll be so far away from home.


print("This demo demonstrates how to load the pre-trained model and extract word embeddings")
config_path, checkpoint_path, dict_path = tuple(sys.argv[1:])
model = load_trained_model_from_checkpoint(config_path, checkpoint_path)
model.summary(line_length=120)
if len(sys.argv) != 2:
print("python load_model.py UNZIPPED_MODEL_PATH")
sys.exit(-1)
print("This demo demonstrates how to load the pre-trained model and extract word embeddings")


Navigation Controls by INTER-Mediator
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Parameter list for the current execution of FitHiChIP: /home/springer/liang795/projects-in-nathan-lab/HiChip/2021-analysis/HiChip2021/Mo17-H3K4me3-Loop-HiChip-2500//Parameters.txt
List of CIS interactions within the specified distance thresholds (lower threshold: 20000 upper threshold: 2000000 ): /home/springer/liang795/projects-in-nathan-lab/HiChip/2021-analysis/HiChip2021/Mo17-H3K4me3-Loop-HiChip-2500//HiCPro_Matrix_BinSize2500/L_20000_U2000000/FitHiChIP.cis.interactions.DistThr.bed
Number of interacting (non zero contacts) bin pairs ( all to all ) : 12679846Bin specific HiChIP coverage, coverage bias, and peak / non-peak boolean values: /home/springer/liang795/projects-in-nathan-lab/HiChip/2021-analysis/HiChip2021/Mo17-H3K4me3-Loop-HiChip-2500//NormFeatures/Coverage_Bias/FitHiChIP.coverage_Bias.bed
All interactions with their FitHiChIP significance values: /home/springer/liang795/projects-in-nathan-lab/HiChip/2021-analysis/HiChip2021/Mo17-H3K4me3-Loop-HiChip-2500//FitHiChIP_Peak2ALL_b2500_L20000_U2000000/P2PBckgr_0/Coverage_Bias/FitHiC_BiasCorr/FitHiChIP.interactions_FitHiC.bed
Number of interactions considered: 4616193Significant interactions: /home/springer/liang795/projects-in-nathan-lab/HiChip/2021-analysis/HiChip2021/Mo17-H3K4me3-Loop-HiChip-2500//FitHiChIP_Peak2ALL_b2500_L20000_U2000000/P2PBckgr_0/Coverage_Bias/FitHiC_BiasCorr/FitHiChIP.interactions_FitHiC_Q0.01.bed
Total number of significant interactions ( FDR 0.01 ) : 21617After merging adjacent loops (connected component modeling) significant interactions: /home/springer/liang795/projects-in-nathan-lab/HiChip/2021-analysis/HiChip2021/Mo17-H3K4me3-Loop-HiChip-2500//FitHiChIP_Peak2ALL_b2500_L20000_U2000000/P2PBckgr_0/Coverage_Bias/FitHiC_BiasCorr/Merge_Nearby_Interactions/FitHiChIP.interactions_FitHiC_Q0.01_MergeNearContacts.bed
Total number of significant interactions ( FDR 0.01 ) after merging adjacent loops: 2183


--- layout: post title: Mexico tags: - Photography - Travel status: publish type: post published: true meta: _edit_last: "1" ---
As I'm preparing to embark on a new road trip to the Midwest, I'm reflecting on other past trips. This post has been sitting as a draft for a few months now. It's about time it finally got polished up and published.
I kept a short journal of the first few days of my vacation in Mexico near the small fishing village of Teacapan. This is how it starts...
It was a 4AM wake up call and I had a 6AM flight from SFO to Phoenix. It's been raining. At the airport, the self serve kiosks weren't working. Still trying to print my boarding pass at 5:10AM, I wonder if I'm really going to make it. The system is fixed, I've cleared security and finally made it to the gate by 5:30AM. All of this hurrying has led up to the next period of waiting.
An alarm bell starts ringing for a few minutes and a fellow passenger wonders if they found Jack Bauer in the luggage compartment. At last I'm stuck in a window seat just behind the wing. Despite the rain's best efforts, the plane leaves the ground on time. From a cruising altitude of 39,000 feet there's a beautiful sunrise. The scenery below consists of lots of mountainous terrain blanketed in snow until the last stretch to Phoenix. It's only an hour and twenty minutes in the air and then we're back on the ground.
There's no terminal switch and just a quick walk to the next departing gate. It's time for breakfast. I have my choice between a Pizza Hut and an adjoining deli. I choke down part of a ham/egg/cheese croissant from an airport deli and wait out the half hour layover. I'm surrounded by passengers subsisting on pizza & burgers at 9AM. There are lots of army folk in their digital cammo. A flight to Newark seems to be delayed until spring on account of winter weather.
My flight to Mazatlan is delayed from boarding due to customs clearance from the prior inbound flight and maintenance crews on board plane. None of the news sounds promising. Boarding is prematurely begun and then quickly halted for another 20 minutes so maintenance can finish their work. Everyone is finally boarded. Aisle seat. First time ever.
The next week during the Christmas of 2008 was spent enjoying the beach and surrounding towns of Mexico - from both the ground and the air.


A region of available physical memory. More...
#include <physmem.h>
A region of available physical memory.
Definition at line 47 of file physmem.h.
The first available address in this region.
The first not-available address after this region.
Definition at line 50 of file physmem.h.
Referenced by physmem_alloc(), and physmem_alloc_low().


{% extends 'layout.html' %} {% block breadcrumb %}
Example block-level help text here.
Example block-level help text here.%fieldset


— layout: post title: “How Computers learn to play games!” author_github: Madhuparna04 date: 2018-12-22 image: ‘/assets/img/’ description: ‘’ tags:
Have you ever wondered how computers learn to play games like Chess or Go? Or how do they replace human players in Ludo or Card games? How Google’s Alpha-Go defeated the World Champion of Go? Let us dive in the field of Computer Games and find out how Computers learn to play Games!
There are various algorithms that are used to make a computer learn to play games. I will be discussing some of them to give you some intuition on how these algorithms work.
Let’s start with a simple and naive approach by which the computer can take decisions. It is by looking at all possible states and choosing the best action to take. That is, make a tree with all possible states and next states and go to the leaves to find out if a move will lead to winning state or not and select an action accordingly.
But, this technique cannot be used for games where there is a huge number of states, that it is practically impossible for a computer to examine all the states before taking a decision. For example, there are more than 5000 states in the game of Tic-Tac-Toe, which is a 3 X 3 board game. Whereas Chess is an 8 X 8 board game and Go can have a 19 X 19 board. Therefore these games with billions of states cannot be solved by any such brute force approach where examining each state is required.
Monte-Carlo Tree Search can be only used for games where we have perfect information about the game that is we know about all the actions that were previously taken and can be taken in future. It is applicable to games like Go, Chess or Tic-Tac-Toe. So, what the computer does in Monte Carlo Tree Search is it repeats these 4 steps
In this step the computer starts with a root node(state) and selects the next node based on the current policy. A policy is a function that dictates what actions to take given a state.
When the policy can no longer choose an action with confidence to find the successor node, it expands the game tree by appending all possible states from that node or a few let’s say 10 or 100 states chosen by randomly trying out certain number of actions, this is done when the number of next possible states is huge.
Then from the appended nodes, it simulates a random game to find out how good it is to go to that state.
Then it traverses upwards back to the root and updates the score for all visited nodes.

There are various algorithms that come under Reinforcement Learning Algorithms. Each suitable for a different purpose. The basic idea behind Reinforcement Learning is, as the name suggests, making the computer play the game again and again and learn from its own experience. In order to give you intuition on how Reinforcement Learning can be used for games with a huge state space let me define two new terms.
1. State Value Function - Given a state this function tells how good it is to be in that state.
2. Action Value Function - Given an action and a state, this function tells how good it is to take that action from the given state.
The basic idea is to learn the value functions and use it to choose the best action. Consider the following diagram-
What the computer does is from a given state it chooses the best action based on the action value function and proceeds, and depending upon what reward it gets, the computer modifies the action value function accordingly (This Reinforcement Learning Technique is called Q-learning, have a look at the following blog post to get a better understanding of how this algorithm works.).
The answer is the computer is not really going through all the possible states but still learning an approximate way to figure out the best actions to take. There are many states in the state-space which occur very rarely or is too poor to begin with, that there is no point going all the way down from that state and calculating everything when there are very fewer chances of encountering that state or there is no way it can get you a better reward. But as our computer plays multiple games it will surely go through most of the frequently occurring and promising states and will know how to behave in those situations.
Recently Google’s Alpha-Go zero defeated Go’s World Champion Lee Sedol.  In Alpha-Go deep learning and Monte Carlo Tree Search were combined to produce a powerful reinforcement learning algorithm.
If you are wondering why it is so much of a big deal because AI has already defeated Chess Grandmaster Garry Kasparov in the game of chess then why not Lee Sedol in Go! There are various differences between Chess and Go, and that is why it took another 20 years after Garry Kasparov’s defeat to build an AI which can master Go. One of the major differences is the number of choices available at each step, which is about 35 in Chess compared to 250 in Go. Also, the number of moves per game, Go might last for 150 moves vs. 80 in chess. Therefore the total number of possible games of Go has been estimated at 10^761, compared to 10^120 for chess which is a huge difference. That’s why it has been difficult for computers to master Go.
I hope you enjoyed this dive into the World of computer games and got to know some of the technical details too. You can go through the following links to know more about these topics.


Projects from my coursework as a software development student at SMU Guildhall.
HaberDashers is a console-style arcade (kart) racer for the PC in which players control miniature humanoid inhabitants of an everyday home, racing past outsized household items and through rooms as they compete against human and AI opponents with both driving skills and item pick-ups.
View Project Steam StorepageThe Gluttonous Grimalkin is a top-down action game built for Android in which players control an enchanted cat and run around dwarven city environments, eating dwarves, breaking trebuchets, and growing bigger. The game features three enemy types and two environmental hazards. As the cat grows larger, it gains the ability to eat formerly-dangerous enemies, until, at its largest size, the cat can rampage around each level without fear.
View ProjectA 2D action RPG created using a custom engine built with SDL2 and OpenGL.
View ProjectAs a student at Purdue University I was the lead game programmer (3 yrs) and president (1.5 yrs) of the student club, ACM (Association for Computing Machinery) SIGGD (Special Interest Group in Game Development). I worked on the following projects with the other members of the club.
Challenge the depths of a blob filled dungeon and try to make it out alive in this action RPG.
View ProjectCommand your platoon of animals to outsmart your foes in this turn-based strategy game.
View ProjectDrawing from a wonderful mix between the earlier classics of Missile Defense and Asteroids, 20,000 Leagues Over the Sea revolves around using orbital mechanics to defend a planet from invading aliens.
View Project


Originally purchased to complete an LS2 Conversion it was decided after the fact that this car was so nice as it was that it was left alone. Prior to the decision to purchase a completed conversion this car was subject to a sympathetic overhaul outlined below.
Chassis and suspension: suspension components were redone including new springs, bushings, Moog front end rebuild kit. Disk Brake conversion kit. sway bars, and traction bars. The chassis is free of rust. The car was a Los Angela’s car new. Stayed most of its life in Lake Havasu, and is now in Phoenix.
Motor and Transmission: The current motor was built by the previous owner. I am unaware of the build, but it has about 5000 miles on it. As you can hear in the video below it pulls very hard, and does not run hot on a 108 degree days. The carb has been replaced recently. Dependable, and very drivable. The transmission appears to be a Muncie. Maybe an M20. Shifts well. A new Mcloud clutch has been recently installed. No chatter, and perfect pedal feel.
Body and Paint: As previously mentioned this car was purchased to do a full LS2 conversion. The reason this car was selected was the body and paint. It has excellent paint work. Very little evidence of body work is present. The seams are excellent as are the jams and the undersides of the doors. All of the typical rust spots for 57 Chevy’s are clean and smooth. The paint is older which is even better due to not showing signs of shrinking. The stainless and chrome are OK, but not perfect. One particular piece in the drivers side window frame is showing much greater pitting.
I drove the car extensively, and it drives very nicely. It was 108 degrees out side and the temp stayed at the thermostat. The brakes work great. The Hurst shifter is low for the bucket seats, with a very tight shift pattern which is a bit tricky to get used to, but works well. The engine pulls hard in all gears. Its a very fun old school hot rod with much of the hard expensive work completed.
Please feel free to call me with any questions. I usually sell outside of the auction. I can be reached at<PHONE_NUMBER>.
Complete album of pictures and a couple of videos.
See Here
Shake down run. We took it out of storage and went for a ride. Unlike what I said It does have power brakes.
See Here


@ARTICLE{BHAVATHANKAR2017172,
author={Prasenjit Bhavathankar and Subhadeep Sarkar and Sudip Misra},
journal={Computter Networks},
title={Optimal decision rule-based ex-ante frequency hopping for jamming avoidance in wireless sensor networks},
year={2017},
Note={Survivability Strategies for Emerging Wireless Networks},
volume={128},
pages={172-185},
keywords={Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), Jamming avoidance, Frequency hopping, Optimal decision rule},
doi={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2017.03.009},
ISSN={1389-1286},
Url={http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389128617300774}
}