Chapter 1
Falling in Love with jQuery
So you have the coding chops to write lean, semantic HTML, and can
back it up with masterful CSS to transform your design ideas into gorgeous
websites that enthrall your visitors. But these days, you realize, inspiring
designs and impeccable HTML alone fall short when you’re trying to create
the next Facebook or Twitter. So, what’s the missing piece of the front-end
puzzle?
It’s JavaScript. That rascally scripting language, cast as the black
sheep of the web development family for so many years. JavaScript is how you
add complex behaviors, sophisticated interactions, and extra pizzazz to your
site. To conquer the sleeping giant that is JavaScript, you just need to
buckle down and spend the next few years learning about programming
languages: functions, classes, design patterns, prototypes, closures
...
Or there’s a secret that some of the biggest names on the Web—like
Amazon, Google, Microsoft, Mozilla, Twitter, and WordPress—will probably be
okay about us sharing with you: “Just use jQuery!” Designers and developers
the world over are using the jQuery library to elegantly and rapidly
implement their interaction ideas, completing the web development
puzzle.
In this chapter, we’ll have a look at what makes jQuery so good, and
how it complements HTML and CSS in a more natural way than our old friend
and bitter enemy: plain old JavaScript. We’ll also look at what’s required
to get jQuery up and running, and working with our current sites.
What’s so good about jQuery?
You’ve read that jQuery makes it easy to play with the DOM, add
effects, and execute Ajax requests, but what makes it better than, say,
writing your own library, or using one of the other (also excellent)
JavaScript libraries out there?
First off, did we mention that jQuery makes it easy to play with the
DOM, add effects, and execute Ajax requests? In fact, it makes it so easy
that it’s downright good, nerdy fun: you’ll often need to pull back from
some craziness you just invented, put on your web designer hat, and
exercise a little bit of restraint (ah, the cool things we could create if
good taste were not a barrier!). But there are a multitude of notable
factors you should consider if you’re going to invest your valuable time
in learning a JavaScript library.
Cross-browser Compatibility
Aside from being a joy to use, one of the biggest benefits of
jQuery is that it handles a lot of infuriating cross-browser issues for
you. Anyone who has written serious JavaScript in the past can attest
that cross-browser inconsistencies will drive you mad. For example, a
design that renders perfectly in Firefox and Internet Explorer 8 just
falls apart in Internet Explorer 7, or an interface component you’ve
spent days handcrafting works beautifully in all major browsers except
Opera on Linux. And the client just happens to use Opera on Linux. These
types of issues are never easy to track down, and even harder to
completely eradicate.
Even when cross-browser problems are relatively simple to handle,
you always need to maintain a mental knowledge bank of them. When it’s
11 p.m. on the night before a major project launch, you can only hope
you recall why there’s a weird padding bug on a browser you forgot to
test!
The jQuery team is keenly aware of cross-browser issues, and more
importantly they understand
why these issues occur.
They have written this knowledge into the library—so jQuery works around
the caveats for you. Most of the code you write will run exactly the
same on all the major browsers, including everybody’s favorite little
troublemaker: Internet Explorer 6. We’re quite sure your company is
progressive enough to not require you to support IE6, but it certainly
gives you a nice warm feeling to know that jQuery has your back there
too.
This feature alone will save the average developer a lifetime of
headaches. Of course, you should always aim to keep up to date with the
latest developments and best practices in our industry, but leaving the
task of hunting down obscure browser bugs to the jQuery Team (and they
fix more and more with each new version) allows you more time to
implement your ideas.
Making today’s technologies cross-browser compliant is all
well and good, but jQuery also fully supports the upcoming CSS3 selector
specification. Yes, even in Internet Explorer 6! You can gain a head
start on the future by learning and using CSS3 selectors right now in
your production code. Selecting elements you want to change lies at the
heart of jQuery’s power, and CSS3 selectors give you even more tools to
work with.
Also included is an assortment of utility functions that implement
common functions useful for writing jQuery (or are missing from
JavaScript): string trimming, the ability to easily extend objects, and
more. These functions by themselves are particularly handy, but they
help promote a seamless integration between jQuery and JavaScript that
results in code that’s easier to write and maintain.
One noteworthy utility is
jQuery.support
(or
$.support
), which tests to see if certain features
are available on the current user’s browser. Traditionally, developers
have resorted to
browser sniffing—determining
which web browser the end user is using, based on information provided
by the browser itself—to work around known issues. This has always been
an unsatisfying and error-prone practice. Using the jQuery
supports
utility, you can test to see if a certain
feature is available to the user, and easily build applications that
degrade gracefully on older browsers, or those not
standards-compliant.
And while you might gain a little more power and a few extra
features from more dedicated feature detection micro-libraries like
Modernizr,
making use of the tools to hand is a ninja’s signature. It’s bad form to
add even a micro-library when you don’t need to.
jQuery has already been used to make some impressive widgets and
effects, some of which were useful enough to justify inclusion in the
core jQuery library itself. Past plugins like Paul Bakaus’s and Brandon
Aaron’s Dimensions, and Ben Alman’s Unwrap are a couple that spring to
mind. As you learn more about jQuery and the jQuery community, you’ll
find further examples. However, the jQuery team wisely decided that, in
order to keep the core library focused, they’d separate out higher-level
constructs and package them into a neat library that sits on top of
jQuery.
The first library of this type is called jQuery UI, and the latest
is
jQuery Mobile (which we’ll look at more closely in
Chapter 9).
jQuery UI
comprises a menagerie of useful effects and advanced widgets that are
accessible and highly customizable through the use of themes. Some of
these features are illustrated in
Figure 1.1.
Figure 1.1. A few jQuery UI widgets
Accordions, sliders, dialog boxes, date pickers, and more—all
ready to be used right now! You could spend a bunch of time creating
them yourself in jQuery (as these have been) but the jQuery UI controls
are configurable and sophisticated enough that your time would be better
spent elsewhere: namely implementing your unique project requirements
rather than ensuring your custom date picker appears correctly across
different browsers!
We’ll certainly be using a bunch of jQuery UI functionality as we
progress through the book. We’ll even integrate some of the funky themes
available, and learn how to create our own themes using the jQuery UI
ThemeRoller tool.
The jQuery team has taken great care in making the jQuery library
extensible. By including only a core set of features while providing a
framework for extending the library, it’s made it easy to create plugins
that you can reuse in all your jQuery projects, as well as share with
other developers. A lot of fairly common functionality has been omitted
from the jQuery core library, and relegated to the realm of the plugin.
Don’t worry, this is a feature, not a flaw. Any additional required
functionality can be included easily on a page-by-page basis to keep
bandwidth and code bloat to a minimum.
Thankfully, a lot of people have taken advantage of jQuery’s
extensibility, so there are already hundreds of excellent downloadable
plugins available from the jQuery plugin repository, with new ones added
all the time. A portion of this can be seen in
Figure 1.2.
Figure 1.2. The jQuery plugin repository
Whenever you’re presented with a task or problem, it’s worth
checking to see if there’s a plugin that might suit your needs. That’s
because almost any functionality you might require is likely to have
already been turned into a plugin, and is available for you to start
using. Even if it turns out that you need to do some work yourself, the
plugin repository is often the best place to steer you in the right
direction.
Note: Where Are My Plugins?
At the time of publication, the
jQuery plugin repository is
under development. A placeholder warning at the site says: “We've been
looking to provide a higher-quality, spam-free experience at the
plugins site for some time, and a major error on our part forced us to
shut down the current site before we could put the new one in place.”
The full backstory on the change, plus information about the progress
of the site’s development and where you can find various plugins, is
on the
jQuery
blog. You can follow progress of the plugin site’s development
on
GitHub.
Separating script behavior from page presentation is best
practice in the web development game, though it does present its share
of challenges. jQuery makes it a cinch to completely rid your markup of
inline scripting, thanks to its ability to easily hook elements on the
page and attach code to them in a natural, CSS-like manner. jQuery lacks
a mechanism for adding inline code, so this separation of concerns leads
to leaner, cleaner, and more maintainable code. As a result, it’s easy
to do things the right way, and hard to do them the wrong way!
And jQuery isn’t limited to meddling with a page’s existing HTML;
it can also add new page elements and document fragments via a
collection of handy functions. There are functions to insert, append,
and prepend new chunks of HTML anywhere on the page. You can even
replace, remove, or clone existing elements: all functions that help you
to progressively enhance your sites, thus providing a fully featured
experience to users whose browsers allow it, and an acceptable
experience to everyone else.
If you study usage trends on
Google Trends, you’ll witness
jQuery’s exponential rise to superstardom. If you’re wisely wary of
trying that, you can always take a look at
BuiltWith’s
graphs. It’s good to be in the “in” crowd when it comes to
libraries, as popularity equates to more active code development and
plenty of interesting third-party goodies.
Countless big players on the Web are jumping on the jQuery
bandwagon: IBM, Netflix, Nokia, Wikipedia, and even Google (which both
uses and hosts the jQuery library), and Microsoft, which now includes
jQuery with its
MVC framework and even in its IDE (integrated development
environment),
Visual Studio. With such a vast range of large companies
on side, it’s a safe bet that jQuery will be around for some time to
come, so the time and effort you invest in learning it will be well
worth your while. In fact, jQuery can be found on nearly 40% of sites
that use JavaScript, so honing your jQuery skills can really open some
doors for you.
jQuery’s popularity has also spawned a large and generous
community that’s surprisingly helpful. No matter what your level of
skill, you’ll find other developers patient enough to help you out and
work through any issues you have. This caring and sharing spirit has
also spread out to the wider Internet, blossoming into an encyclopedia
of high-quality tutorials, blog posts, and documentation.
There barely is a downside! The main arguments against using any
JavaScript library have always been speed and size: some say that using a
library adds too much download bloat to pages, while others claim that
libraries perform poorly compared with leaner custom code. Though these
arguments are worth considering, their relevance is quickly fading.
First, as far as size is concerned, jQuery is lightweight. The core
jQuery library has always had a fairly small footprint: about 19kB for the
basics, less than your average JPG image. Any extras your project needs
(such as plugins or components from the jQuery UI library) can be added in
a modular fashion, so you can easily count your bandwidth calories.
Speed (like size) is becoming a decreasing concern as computer
hardware specifications rise and browsers’ JavaScript engines grow faster
and faster. Of course, this is far from implying that jQuery is slow; the
jQuery team seem to be obsessed with speed! Every new release is faster
than the last, so any benefit you might derive from rolling your own
JavaScript is shrinking every day.
When it comes to competing JavaScript libraries (and there are more
than a handful out there), jQuery is the best at doing what jQuery does:
manipulating the DOM, adding effects, and making Ajax requests. Still,
many of the libraries are of excellent quality and it’s always worth
looking at the alternatives, but if the reasons we’ve outlined appeal to
you, jQuery is probably the way to go.
Enough talk: time for jQuery to put its money where its mouth
is!
Downloading and Including jQuery
Before you can fall in love with jQuery (or at least, judge it for
yourself) you need to obtain the latest version of the code and add it to
your web pages. There are a few ways to do this, each with a couple of
options available. Whatever you choose, you’ll need to include jQuery in
your HTML page, just as you would any other JavaScript source file.
Tip: It’s Just JavaScript
Never forget that jQuery is just JavaScript! It may look
and act superficially different, but underneath it’s written in
JavaScript, and consequently it’s unable to do anything that plain old
JavaScript can’t. This means we’ll include it in our pages the same way
we would any other JavaScript file.
This is the most common method of acquiring the jQuery library,
and the latest version is always available from the
jQuery website.
The big shiny download button will load the latest code from jQuery’s
own code repository, or you can visit the download page to grab the
latest “production compression level” version from jQuery’s
Content Delivery Network (CDN),
Google’s CDN, or even a CDN from Microsoft. A CDN is a network of
computers that are specifically designed to serve content to users in a
fast and scalable manner. These servers are often distributed
geographically, with each request being served by the nearest server in
the network.
Click the download link and save the JavaScript file to a new
working folder, ready for playing with. You’ll need to put it where your
HTML files can see it: commonly in a
scripts or
javascript directory beneath your site’s document
root. For the following example, we’ll keep it very simple and put the
library in the same directory as the HTML file.
To make it all work, we need to tell our HTML file to include the
jQuery library. This is accomplished by using a
<script>
element inside our HTML
document. The
<head>
element of
a very basic HTML file including jQuery would look a little like
this:
<head>
<title>Hello jQuery world!</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="jquery-1.7-min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="script.js"></script>
</head>
The first script tag on the page loads the jQuery library, and the
second script tag points to a
script.js file, which
is where we’ll run our own jQuery code. And that’s it: you’re ready to
start using jQuery.
But let’s not stop there. While we’re looking at including the
jQuery library in our HTML code, it’s important to remember that we
aren’t restricted to only including our files in the document’s
head
; in fact, current wisdom suggests that
the
head
isn’t even the best place
for our include. If you’re feeling adventurous, you can add the includes
right before you close the
body
element, like so:
</section>
<script type="text/javascript" src="jquery-1.7-min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="script.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
The first script tag on the page loads the jQuery library, and the
second still points to our
script.js file, but now
our files will load
after the content of our page
(more on this later).
We said earlier that downloading the jQuery file is the most
common approach, but there are a few other options available to you, so
let’s have a quick look at them before we move on. If you just want to
start playing with jQuery, you can safely skip the rest of this
section.
The Google Content Distribution Network (CDN)
An alternative method of including the jQuery library that’s worth
considering is via the Google CDN.
Google hosts several popular, open-source libraries on its CDN,
including jQuery (and jQuery UI, which we’ll visit shortly). So, instead
of hosting the jQuery files on your own web server as we did above, you
have the option of letting Google pick up part of your bandwidth bill.
You benefit from the speed and reliability of Google’s vast
infrastructure, with the added bonus of always using the latest version
of jQuery.
Another benefit of using the Google CDN is that many users will
already have downloaded jQuery from Google when visiting another site.
As a result, it will be loaded from thecache when they visit your site
(since the URL to the JavaScript file will be the same), leading to
significantly faster
load times. You can also include the more hefty
jQuery UI library via the same method, which makes the
Google CDN well worth thinking about for your projects: it’s going to
save you money and increase performance when your latest work goes
viral!
There are a few ways of including jQuery from the Google CDN.
We’re going to use the simpler (though slightly less flexible)
path-based method:
<head>
<title>Hello jQuery world!</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/
↵ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.0/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="script.js"></script>
</head>
It may look suspiciously like our original example, but instead of
pointing the
script
tag to a local
copy of jQuery, it points to one of Google’s servers.
Tip: Obtaining the Latest Version with Google CDN
If you look closely at the URL pointing to Google’s
servers, you’ll see that the version of jQuery is specified by one of
the path elements (the
1.7.0
in our example). If
you like using the latest and greatest, however, you can remove a
number from the end of the version string (for example, 1.7) and it
will return the latest release available in the 1.7 series (1.7.1,
1.7.2, and so on). You can even take it up to the whole number (1), in
which case Google will give you the latest version, even when jQuery
1.8 and beyond are released!
Be careful, though: the shorter the string, the shorter the
caching life. If you go all the way to single digits, there will be no
need to update the CDN URLs in your HTML files when a new version of
jQuery is released, but it will be necessary to look out for any
library changes that might affect your existing functionality.
If you’d like to examine the slightly more complex “
Google loader” method of including libraries, there’s
plenty to read about the Google CDN on its
website.
It’s not just Google that wants to lend a hand in helping
your visitors enjoy your site. jQuery itself has recognized the value in
providing its own
CDN
option, and Microsoft have come to the party, too. As part of
its commitment to the open Web, Microsoft hosts a version you can their
commitment to the open Web, Microsoft host a version you can hotlink to;
there are plenty of details on
its site.
Still more advanced options for obtaining jQuery are listed on the
official Downloading jQuery documentation page. The
first of these options is the nightly builds.
Nightlies are automated builds of the jQuery
library that include all new code added or modified during the course of
a day. Every night, the very latest development versions are made
available for download, and can be included in the same manner as the
regular, stable library.
And if every single night is
still
too infrequent for you, you can use the Github repositories to retrieve
the latest up-to-the-minute source code.
Github
is a distributed version control system that the jQuery team uses. Every
time a developer submits a change to jQuery, you can download it
instantly.
Beware, however, that both the nightly and Github jQuery libraries
are often untested. They can (and will) contain bugs, and are subject to
frequent changes. Unless you’re looking to work on the jQuery library
itself, it’s probably best to skip these options.
Uncompressed or Compressed?
If you looked closely at the big shiny button on the jQuery home
page, or had a poke around on the jQuery download page, you might have
also spied a couple of download format options: compressed (also known
as
minified), and uncompressed (also
called
development).
Typically, you’ll want to use the minified version for your
production code, where the jQuery source code is compressed: spaces and
line breaks have been removed and variable names are shortened. The
result is exactly the same jQuery library, but contained in a JavaScript
file that’s much smaller than the original. This is great for reducing
bandwidth costs for you, and speeding up page requests for the end
user.
The downside of the compressed file is readability. If you examine
the minified jQuery file in your text editor (
go on!), you’ll
see that it’s practically illegible: a single line of garbled-looking
JavaScript. The readability of the library is inconsequential most of
the time, but if you’re interested in how jQuery is actually working,
the uncompressed development version is a commented, readable, and quite
beautiful example of JavaScript.
Anatomy of a jQuery Script
Now that we’ve included jQuery in our web page, let’s have a look at
what this baby can do. The jQuery syntax may look a little odd the first
time you see it, but it’s really quite straightforward, and, best of all,
it’s highly consistent. After writing your first few commands, the style
and syntax will be stuck in your head and will leave you wanting to write
more.
Including jQuery in your page gives you access to a single magical
function called (strangely enough)
jQuery
. Just one function? It’s
through this one function that jQuery exposes hundreds of powerful tools
to help add another dimension to your web pages.
Because a single function acts as a gateway to the entire jQuery
library, there’s little chance of the library function names conflicting
with other libraries or your own JavaScript code. Otherwise, a situation
like this could occur: let’s say jQuery defined a function called
hide
(which it has), and you also had a function
called
hide
in your own code; one of the functions
would be overwritten, leading to unanticipated events and errors.
We say that the jQuery library is contained in the jQuery
namespace.
Namespacing is an excellent approach for playing nicely
with other code on a page, but if we’re going to use a lot of jQuery
(and we are), it will quickly become annoying to have to type the full
jQuery function name for every command we use. To combat this issue,
jQuery provides a shorter alias for accessing the library. It’s simply
$
.
The dollar sign is a short, valid, and cool-looking JavaScript
variable name. It might seem a bit lazy (after all, you’re only saving
five keystrokes by using the alias), but a full page of jQuery will
contain scores of library calls, and using the alias will make the code
much more readable and maintainable.
Important: Using Multiple Libraries
The main reason you might want to use the full
jQuery
call rather than the alias is when you
have multiple JavaScript libraries on the same page, all fighting for
control of the dollar sign function name.
$
is a common function name in several libraries, often used for
selecting elements. If you’re having issues with multiple libraries,
check out
the section called “Avoiding Conflicts
” in Chapter 9.
Dissecting a jQuery Statement
We know that jQuery commands begin with a call to the
jQuery
function or its alias. Let’s now take out
our scalpels and examine the remaining component parts of a jQuery
statement.
Figure 1.3 shows both variants of the
same jQuery statement (using the full function name or the
$
alias).
Figure 1.3. A typical jQuery statement
Each command is made up of four parts: the jQuery function (or its
alias),
selectors,
actions (or methods), and
parameters. We already know about the jQuery function, so
let’s look at each of the other elements in turn. First, we use a
selector to select one or more elements on the web page. Next, we choose
an action to be applied to each element we’ve selected. We’ll see more
and more actions as we implement effects throughout the book. And
finally, we specify some parameters to tell jQuery how exactly we want
to apply the chosen action. Whenever you see jQuery code, try to break
it up into these component parts. It will make it a lot easier to
comprehend when you’re just starting out.
In our example above, we’ve asked the selector to select all the
paragraph
tags (the HTML
<p>
tags) on the page. Next, we’ve
chosen jQuery’s
css
action, which is used to modify a
CSS property of the paragraph elements that were initially selected.
Finally, we’ve passed in some parameters to set the CSS
color
property to the value
blue
. The end result? All our paragraphs are now
blue! We’ll delve deeper into selectors and the
css
action in
Chapter 2.
Our example passed two parameters (
color
and
blue
) to the
css
action,
but the number of parameters passed to an action can vary. Some require
zero parameters, some accept multiple sets of parameters (for changing a
whole bunch of properties at once), and some require that we specify
another JavaScript function for running code when an event (such as an
element being clicked) happens. But all commands follow this basic
anatomy.
This anatomy also gives us powerful chaining opportunities, where
we can pass a series of actions to our selector and have them all
applied in order. Now that’s power!
Bits of HTML, aka “The DOM”
jQuery has been designed to integrate seamlessly with HTML and CSS.
If you’re well-versed in
CSS selectors and know, for example, that
div#heading
would refer to a
<div>
element with an
id
of
heading
, you might want to skip this section.
Otherwise, a short crash course in CSS selectors
and the
Document Object Model (DOM) is in
order.
The DOM doesn’t pertain specifically to jQuery; it’s a standard way
of representing objects in HTML that all browser makers agreed to follow.
A good working knowledge of the DOM will ensure a smooth transition to
jQuery ninja-hood.
The DOM is what you call bits of rendered HTML when you’re talking
to the cool kids around the water cooler. It’s a hierarchal representation
of your HTML markup, where each element (such as a
<div>
or a
<p>
) has a
parent (its “
container”), and can also have one or more nested
child elements. Each element can have
an
id
and/or it can have
one or more
class
attributes, which
you generally assign in your HTML source file. When the browser reads an
HTML page and constructs the DOM, it displays it as a web page comprising
objects that can either sit there looking pretty (as a static page) or,
more interestingly, be manipulated by our code.
A sample DOM fragment is illustrated in
Figure 1.4. As you can see,
body
has two child elements: an
<h1>
and a
<p>
. These two elements, by virtue of
being contained in the same parent element, are referred to as
siblings.
Figure 1.4. An example of a DOM fragment
An element’s
id
uniquely
identifies the element on the page:
<div id="farewell">Come back and visit us soon!</div>
The
<div>
has been assigned
an
id
of
farewell
. It uses an
id
because it’s unique: there should be one,
and only one, on the page. The DOM also lets us assign the same name to
multiple page elements via the
class
attribute. This
is usually done on elements that share a characteristic:
<p class="warning">Sorry, this field must be filled in!</p>
<span class="warning">Please try again</span>
In this example, multiple elements on the same page are classified
as a
warning
. Any CSS applied to the
warning
class
will apply to both elements. Multiple
class
attributes on the same element
(when they’re required) are separated by spaces.
When you write your CSS, you can hook elements by
id
with a
hash symbol, or by
class
with a
period:
#footer { border: 2px solid black }
.warning { color: red }
These CSS rules will give a black border to the element with an
id
of
farewell
, and ensure that all elements with a
class
of
warning
will be displayed in red text.
When it comes time to write some jQuery, you’ll find that knowing
about CSS selectors and the DOM is important: jQuery uses the same syntax
as CSS for selecting elements to manipulate on the page. And once you’ve
mastered selecting, the rest is easy, thanks to jQuery!
If You Choose to Accept It …
jQuery is a stable and mature product that’s ready for use on
websites of any size, demonstrated by its adoption by some of the
veritable giants of the Internet. Despite this, it’s still a dynamic
project under constant development and improvement, with each new version
offering up performance boosts and clever additional functionality.
There’s no better time than the present to start learning and using
jQuery!
As we work through the book, you’ll see that there’s a lot of truth
in the jQuery motto, “write less, do more.” It’s an easy and fun library
with a gentle learning curve that lets you do a lot of cool stuff with
very little code. And as you progress along the path to jQuery ninja-hood,
we hope you’ll also acquire a bit of respect for and understanding of
JavaScript itself.
In
Chapter 2, we’ll dive into jQuery and
start using it to add some shine to our client’s website. Speaking of
client, it’s time we met the team …


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The Kissing Booth
The Kissing Booth is a movie starring Joey King, Jacob Elordi, and Joel Courtney. A high school student is forced to confront her secret crush at a kissing booth.


The mission of the Center for Teen Empowerment is to empower youth and adults as agents of individual, institutional, and social change. Teen Empowerment (TE) inspires young people, and the adults who work with them, to think deeply about the most difficult social problems in their communities, and gives them the tools they need to work with others in creating significant positive change. At TE's youth organizing sites, youth and adult staff bring authentic youth voice into the dialogue about improving their communities, mobilize the energy of urban youth to create meaningful change, and facilitate mutually respectful relationships between youth and adults. The Teen Empowerment Model is responsible for our success. TE's interactive methodology is effective with groups of all ages, and TE staff train others to use the model and have written a book, Moving Beyond Icebreakers©, describing our creative approach to group facilitation.
The Teen Empowerment Model is the product of decades of thoughtful experience in changing the values, beliefs, and behaviors of youth and adults, making institutions more effective, and developing mechanisms for people of all ages to work productively together toward achieving important goals. The model's developer, Stanley Pollack, began his career in 1973 as a street outreach worker for the city of Somerville, Massachusetts, and the basic components of the model were created over the next eight years in Somerville. From 1982 to 1992, Stanley built a successful consulting practice, implementing the model in communities throughout Massachusetts. In July 1992, with the support of the Boston Foundation and the Hayden and Riley Foundations, he founded The Center for Teen Empowerment, Inc. in order to demonstrate both the power of the TE Model to generate solutions to difficult problems that confront urban communities and the model's potential applications in a wide range of social service and educational settings.
CHAIR
Former Teen Empowerment program coordinator and program development officer.
VICE-CHAIR
Human Resources Generalist II, Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. Former Teen Empowerment Youth Organizer.
CPA TREASURER
Manager, Grant Thornton LLP.
CHAIR
Former Teen Empowerment program coordinator and program development officer.
VICE-CHAIR
Human Resources Generalist II, Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. Former Teen Empowerment Youth Organizer.
CPA TREASURER
Manager, Grant Thornton LLP.
CHAIR
Former Teen Empowerment program coordinator and program development officer.
VICE-CHAIR
Human Resources Generalist II, Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. Former Teen Empowerment Youth Organizer.
CPA TREASURER
Manager, Grant Thornton LLP.


mfeval function
Home > User Guides >
mfeval evaluates Magic Formula 5.2, 6.1 or 6.2 tir files in steady state for series of input variables.
The formulation includes combined force/moment and turn slip calculations.
ISO-W (TYDEX W) Contact-Patch Axis System coordinate system is used in all calculations.
All the units will be SI (N,m,s,rad,kg)
Syntax
outMF = mfeval( parameterSource, inputsMF, useMode )Description
parameterSource refers to a MF-Tyre tyre property file (.TIR) containing all the Magic Formula coefficients or to a structure with all the parameters.inputsMF = [Fz kappa alpha gamma phit Vx P* omega*], where
- Fz = normal load on the tyre [N]
- kappa = longitudinal slip [dimensionless, -1: locked wheel]
- alpha = side slip angle [rad]
- gamma = inclination angle [rad]
- phit = turn slip [1/m]
- Vx = forward velocity [m/s]
- P* = pressure [Pa]
- omega* = rotational speed [rad/s]
P* and omega* are optional inputs. If they are not included pressure is constant and equal to the inflation pressure on the TIR file and the rotational speed is approximated.
useMode specifies the type of calculation performed:
- 1: combined force/moment calculation
- 2: combined force/moment calculation + turn slip
- +10: revoke alpha_star definition
- +20: include alpha_star definition
- +100: include limit checks
- +200: ignore limit checks
For normal situations turn slip may be neglected, meaning that the radius of the path is close to infinity (straight line). Alpha_star improves the accuracy of the model for very large slip angles and possibly backward running of the wheel. The limit checks verify that the inputs are inside the stable range of the model.
outMF consists of 30 columns:
- Fx: longitudinal force
- Fy: lateral force
- Fz: normal force
- Mx: overturning moment
- My: rolling resistance moment
- Mz: self aligning moment
- kappa: longitudinal slip
- alpha: side slip angle
- gamma: inclination angle
- phit: turn slip
- Vx: longitudinal velocity
- P: pressure
- Re: effective rolling radius
- rho: tyre deflection
- 2a: contact patch length
- t: pneumatic trail
- mux: longitudinal friction coefficient
- muy: lateral friction coefficient
- omega: rotational speed
- Rl : loaded radius
- 2b: contact patch width
- Mzr: residual torque
- Cx: longitudinal stiffness
- Cy: lateral stiffness
- Cz: vertical stiffness
- Kya: cornering stiffness
- sigmax: longitudinal relaxation length
- sigmay: lateral relaxation length
- Instantaneous cornering stiffness: dFy/dSA
- Kxk: slip stiffness
The equations coded in MFeval are published in the book: Title: Tire and Vehicle Dynamics Author: Hans Pacejka Edition: 3, revised Publisher: Elsevier, 2012 ISBN:<PHONE_NUMBER>,<PHONE_NUMBER>172 Length: 672 pages Link: https://www.elsevier.com/books/tire-and-vehicle-dynamics/pacejka/978-0-08-097016-5
And in the following paper: Besselink, I. J. M. , Schmeitz, A. J. C. and Pacejka, H. B.(2010) 'An improved Magic Formula/Swift tyre model that can handle inflation pressure changes', Vehicle System Dynamics, 48: 1, 337 — 352 DOI: 10.1080/00423111003748088 Link to this Article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00423111003748088
Example
Create mfeval inputs
% Number of points nPoints = 200; % Pure lateral test case Fz = ones(nPoints,1).*3000; % vertical load (N) kappa = ones(nPoints,1).*0; % longitudinal slip (-) (-1 = locked wheel) alpha = linspace(-0.3,0.3, nPoints)'; % side slip angle (radians) gamma = ones(nPoints,1).*0; % inclination angle (radians) phit = ones(nPoints,1).*0; % turnslip (1/m) Vx = ones(nPoints,1).*16; % forward velocity (m/s) % Create a string with the name of the TIR file TIRfile = 'MagicFormula61_Paramerters.TIR'; % Select a Use Mode useMode = 111; % Wrap all inputs in one matrix inputs = [Fz kappa alpha gamma phit Vx];
Call mfeval solver
% Store the output from mfeval in a 2D Matrix
output = mfeval(TIRfile, inputs, useMode);
Plot results
% Extract variables from output MFeval. For more info type "help mfeval" Fy = output(:,2); Mz = output(:,6); Mx = output(:,4); SA = rad2deg(output(:,8)); % Convert to degrees t = output(:,16); figure subplot(2,2,1) plot(SA, Fy) grid on title('Fy-SA') xlabel('Slip Angle (deg)') ylabel('Lateral Force (N)') subplot(2,2,2) plot(SA, Mz) grid on title('Mz-SA') xlabel('Slip Angle (deg)') ylabel('Self aligning moment (Nm)') subplot(2,2,3) plot(SA, t) grid on title('t-SA') xlabel('Slip Angle (deg)') ylabel('pneumatic trail (m)') subplot(2,2,4) plot(SA, Mx) grid on title('Mx-SA') xlabel('Slip Angle (deg)') ylabel('Overturning moment (Nm)')


--- layout: example category: example title: Display driving directions description: 'Use the mapbox-gl-directions plugin to show results from the Mapbox Directions API.' tags: - plugins - mapbox-directions ---


Thank you for requesting your LAMPSCloud user account. Please wait for the administrator to approve your account. Your approval status will be sent via email. You can access your account immediately after you receive the approval email.


Reports any methods that do not require a class instance creation and can be made static.
Example:
class MyClass(object):
def my_method(self, x):
print(x)
If a Make function from method quick-fix is applied, the code changes to:
def my_method(x):
print(x)
class MyClass(object):
pass
If you select the Make method static quick-fix, the @staticmethod
decorator is added:
class MyClass(object):
@staticmethod
def my_method(x):
print(x)


Expected input is JSON with a "task list" list containing one or more tasks.
Valid input for this protocol will create a project (if needed) containing all tasks in the "task list" list:
{
"note": "Project note",
"group": "Project group",
"source": "Neu3",
"task list": [
{
"task type": "type review",
"task result id": "1173408617_5813021469",
"body ID A":<PHONE_NUMBER>,
"body ID B":<PHONE_NUMBER>,
"match_score": 0.27,
"debug": {
"original_uuid": "34d7acb0167d438baa85c47ea0a739d4",
"comment": "initial typereview set"
}
},
{
"task type": "type review",
"task result id": "1067598881_1141682748",
"body ID A":<PHONE_NUMBER>,
"body ID B":<PHONE_NUMBER>,
"match_score": 0.298,
"debug": {
"original_uuid": "34d7acb0167d438baa85c47ea0a739d4",
"comment": "initial typereview set"
}
}
]
}
Elements in gray are optional, all others are required. Any additional data not shown above is ignored.
"task result id" values are in the format body ID_body ID.


What to expect from an Agile Coach?
07 May 2018This question was asked by my team manager. I believe the team has some knowledge of the Agile methodologies, but maybe not enough to use them in an effective manner. I guess the first evidence is that we bounce between Scrum and Kanban, and probably neither of them are being done correctly.
Another issue, which probably is more evident to the managers as they need to report progress and estimation to the higher ranks, is that we don’t know what is our velocity, we don’t have an idea how much we can deliver in each Sprint. We have done estimation in the past but then we just stopped doing it because we weren’t actually tracking how accurate they were and how trustworthy they could be to perform any kind of estimation for future work. We started recently to do estimation again, so let’s see how it goes.
Also, the backlog becomes very quickly out of control, especially with bugs (sometimes duplicates) and tech debt stories - at some point, our new product manager just decided to archive them all and start fresh!
So, answering the question, I would expect a Coach that has enough knowledge about the different approaches to Agile software development (which probably any coach does) but most of all, I would like to have someone with the capacity to understand the team dynamics, how we want to balance feature / tech debt / R&D work, and can provide us with a basic framework of how to achieve that balance, along with some guidelines on what different directions we can follow to adapt it to an ever-evolving team.


video to canvas 插件详情： https://github.com/Stanko/html-canvas-video-player
Your browser does not support HTML5 video.


Born in March, in San Juan, Puerto Rico to Cuban parents, I am convinced reading and writing was embedded in my DNA. Ever since I was a little kid, I've been connected to letters and art. I would write and illustrate my own short stories at age 9. Ten years later, I'm writing about fashion, arts and culture, film, and issues surrounding Puerto Rico. I am a sophomore at The New School, studying Journalism and Culture and Media, hoping one day Teen Vogue or Vulture hire me. In high school, I broke the record for the most views on an article in their news website, which prompted my teacher and classmates to give me a round of applause as I sank into my seat.
Before the 2018 distasteful Academy Awards, I published an article for Miuse Magazine that was deleted after some rebranding but you can find it in my Writing page.


Class logger
logger is used to log information to the FTSE.log file for debugging Lua scripts.
The class is defined by a single global object named "logger". The global object is available for any Lua script function to use.
Methods
| logger:log (msg) | log writes the given string to the FTSE.log file. |


A triangle is a shape that is made up of three lines and three angles.
An equilateral triangle has all three sides equal in length. Its three angles are also equal and they are each 60°. An equilateral triangle is also an equiangular triangle since all its angles are equal.
An isosceles triangle has two sides of equal length. The angles opposite the equal sides are also equal.
A scalene triangle has no sides of equal length. Its angles are also all different in size.
The sum of any two sides of the triangle is equal to or less than the third remaining side, then a triangle CANNOT be formed using those values.
Do some maths!


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#!/bin/sed -f # Try of a nested tag{value} parser: # - handles multiline tags # - can deal with quoted \{ and \} # - handles nested tags # Limitations: # - tags are not allowed to have [{}<>| ] in the name. # - doesn't detect unbalanced brackets # # b{foo} -> foo # b{foo em{bar}} -> foo bar # Tue Nov 27 17:28:32 UTC 2001 # \{1{2{3{4{5{6{7{8{9{a{b{c{d{e{f{g{h{i{\{text0\}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}text1\} # How it works # We build a stack of unclosed tags in holdspace # by appending always at the end (``H''). # when a closing bracket is found, fetch tag # from holdspace. # Main focus is small memory usage # escape Quoted and generate entities s,&,&,g s,<,<,g s,>,>,g s,\\{,&obrace;,g s,\\},&cbrace;,g # uninteresting line, jump to end /[{}]/ !b unescape :open /{/ { s,\( *\)\([^|<>}{ ]*\){,\1\ \2\ , # Isolate tag # Patternspace: text \n newtag \n text H # append to holdspace s,\n\([^\n]*\)\n,<\1>, # generate XML tag # Holdspace: ..\tagN \n text \n newtag \n text # We only want oldtags + newtag x s,\(.*\n\)[^\n]*\n\([^\n]*\)\n[^\n]*$,\1\2, x /^[^{]*}/ b close /{/ b open } :close /}/ { s,},\ \ \ , # text1 \n\n\n text2 \n\n tag0 \n tag1 text2 may be empty G s,\n\n\n\([^\n]*\)\n.*\n\([^\n]*\)$,</\2>\1, x s,\n[^\n]*$,, # delete tag from holdspace x /^[^}]*{/ b open # if next bracket is an open one /}/ b close # another one? } :unescape s,&obrace;,{,g s,&cbrace;,},g ### colorized by sedsed, a debugger and code formatter for sed scripts


Angus Galloway
PhD Student in Systems Engineering
University of Guelph
Vector Institute
Ontario, Canada
My research aims to identify properties of deep neural networks (DNNs) that confer generalization and robustness to distribution shift. I believe that understanding the information-theoretic limitations of Deep Learning is a key step to this end, and may help establish predictive performance guarantees for safety-critical settings.
My research interests are motivated by the “adversarial examples” phenomenon, whereby artificial intelligence (AI) models may be fooled by input manipulations that are deemed by many humans to be imperceptible or irrelevant. Adversarial examples highlight confirmation biases associated with common characterizations of representation learning in DNNs. For example the contribution of visually salient natural image features to categorical predictions may be over-estimated.
As part of my broader interest in trustworthy AI systems, I believe that more systematic ethical oversight of AI research is required to maintain trust in the field, and to ensure that respect for (often digitized) persons remains at the forefront. Beyond my primary research objectives, I maintain a keen passion for applied AI projects that have the potential for positive social and/or environmental impacts.
news
| Jul 19, 2022 | Submitted Bounding generalization error with input compression: An empirical study with infinite-width networks to Transactions on Machine Learning Research. A great collaboration between the Guelph MLRG and Anna Golubeva (MIT/IAIFI), Mihai Nica (Guelph/Math & Stats), and Yani Ioannou (UCalgary). We show how to lessen the need for a train/validation/test split by training models to compress the training set, strengthening the connection between mutual information and DNN generalization. |
| Jun 27, 2022 | New workshop paper led by Mohammed Adnan Monitoring Shortcut Learning using Mutual Information accepted at ICML 2022 Workshop on Spurious Correlations, Invariance, and Stability. |
| Mar 7, 2022 | New journal article Predicting dreissenid mussel abundance in nearshore waters using underwater imagery and deep learning resulting from my collaboration with Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) was published in Limnology and Oceanography: Methods. I presented the work at the SOLE’22 conference, and it was featured in UGuelph News as well as Great Lakes Now. |


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PITSTOP
Find the right car for you.
Pitstop is your one-stop shop for purchasing a car.
If you are looking to buy a car, look no further!
We offer a variety of used and new cars in many different types,
makes, and models.
Visit the Vehicle Browser to find the perfect car for you,
or check out some of the featured deals below!
Mercedes-Benz C300 2016
Mercedes-Benz C300 2016


Story
It's a lovely day at farmers field. A great time for a hungry (ninja) rabbit to sneak in and pull
some carrots to eat. Too bad you weren't the only one with that idea. A horde of hungry opponents approaches fast!
Pull as many carrots as you can in 3 minutes. To fight your opponents, you must use ancient rabbitjutsu tactics.
These are slightly unorthodox. Simply uhm ... fart to push your opponents away or use a
Carrot-on-a-Fork totem decoy to deceive them. The totem is spawned on your current position.
Goal & Controls
Collect as many carrots as possible in 3 minutes. Use the controls to move and repel opponents.
- Arrow keys - Move your ninja rabbit on the map.
- Z (or Y) - Hold down to pull a carrot from the ground. You need to be close to a carrot.
- Q - Eat 1 carrot and fart to push opponents away from you.
- W - Eat 2 carrots and spawn a "Carrot-on-a-Fork" totem that attracts
opponents and gives you time to pull more carrots elsewhere on the map.
Music and sounds are currently not supported on Safari. :(


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}COR.ONE{% endblock %} {% block content %}
Wash your hand regularly with soap or use an alcohol-based sanitiser.  Click here to find out more Practice Social distancing.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-LKVUarhtvEStay at least one metre apart from others. This is because the virus can be spread through sneezing, coughing and talking through small liquid droplets. Hence, it is important to practice social distancing
Avoid crowded places. By being in the crowd, there is a higher chance of getting the virus due to close contact with other people
Do not touch your eyes, nose and mouth. Your hands might have come into contact with the virus when you touch surfaces. The virus can be transferred from your hand to your eyes, nose or mouth. Thus, do not touch them. If you need to, wash your hand before touching them.
Practice good respiratory hygenice. If you have a flu or a cough, use a tissue. This prevents possible spread of the virus and protects the people around you.
Stay home. Try minimising the time you go outside. Only go out if you need to. Eg. Buying groceries, seeing a doctor or buying your meals.
Seek medical attention IMMEDIATELY if you feel unwell. If you experience cough, fever and difficulty breathing, call your local health authority in advance and follow instructions from them. This allows them to be able to prepare for you the right health care facilities. It also alerts National and Local authorities so that they will have more accurate up to date information on the situations and prevents further spread of the virus
Stay well informed and keep up with the news from trusted sources such as WHO(world health Organisation) and national health authorities as they are able to advise you on what you can do to protect yourself


@* * Copyright 2023 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import models.{Done, Failed, ReportStatus} @import uk.gov.hmrc.govukfrontend.views.html.components._ @this( main_template: views.html.govuk.main_template, govukSummaryList: GovukSummaryList, govukPanel: GovukPanel ) @(submissionId: String, reportStatus: Option[ReportStatus] = None)(implicit messages: Messages) @panelTitle = { @reportStatus.map(_.title(messages)).getOrElse {@messages("confirmation.heading.pending")} } @panelContent = {
@messages("confirmation.subheading.failed")
} else {@messages("confirmation.subheading")
}


Overview | Reports | Quarter | Contract
| Vendor Name: | Mercer (Canada) Limited |
|---|---|
| Reference Number: |<PHONE_NUMBER> |
| Contract Date: | 2016-07-04 |
| Description of work: | 855 ACQUISITION AND CONTRACT CHARGES OPTIONAL SERVIC |
| Contract Period: | 2016-07-04 to 2016-09-23 |
| Contract Value: | $24,622.70 |
| Original Contract Value: | $24,622.70 |
| Detailed Description : | Project Director, Project Manager, and Senior Analyst to provide organizational design advice to align OCHRO's Pay Equity Division with the Government's new pay equity agenda. |
| Comments: | This contract was sole-sourced.This contract was originally omitted and was added to this quarters report during 2017-18 Q1. |


--- title: "Research Paper: Overview" linktitle: "01 Overview" date: "2020-08-26" menu: assignment: parent: Research Paper weight: 1 type: docs output: blogdown::html_page: toc: true ---
One main product of the course is an original research paper you’ll produce that incorporates econometric data using the methods we’ve learned in class.
You can work alone or in pairs.
Develop clear, answerable research questions and link them to economic theory.
Identify and apply appropriate econometric methods to answer research question, recognizing necessary assumptions and limitations
Conduct and interpret original data analysis using Stata
Strengthen written and oral communication skills
Select a research question that is interesting to you and answerable with data that you can obtain. Your question should accomplish the following.
It must have clear relevance to economic theory.
It must be answerable using data (with a sample size of at least 100, ideally much higher!)
It may not be an exact replication of previous work. It may, however, be an extension.
It must use cross-sectional or panel data. There are lots of interesting time-series questions, but we will not cover these topics in EC200.
Where folks get into trouble: The biggest problem I see is that people get very excited about an interesting question, but they don’t necessarily have the data they need. In order for us to be able to have reasonable standard errors and good asymptotic properties, I recommend questions that (a) have a data set you can access and (b) have at least 100 observations. I would strongly discourage you from any country or state cross-sections that don’t also have a time component. I also would be wary about studies predicting athlete performance - our methods work well, but the link to economics is often tenuous.
Prepare a set of 3 research ideas. An “idea” only needs to consist of about 2-3 paragraphs, which should include a research question, a hypothesis, a proposed data set, and a rough plan of analysis for testing your hypothesis.
In research, sometimes questions drive the data we choose, and sometimes the data we have drive the questions we ask. With only one semester to build a paper, you may need to let the data take the lead.
You’ll prepare a ``data abstract’’ that includes your research question, a description of your data set, and a set of summary statistics.
From the list of topics, choose and develop one research idea for your research proposal. You’ll Write up a four- to six-page proposal (double spaced, excluding tables) for your research paper. This proposal should provide as much detail as possible to help me and your classmates assess your plan and provide useful feedback.
A classmate will provide a peer review of your proposal, providing feedback to help you turn your proposal into a final paper
You may submit one rough draft to me for comments. This is optional, but I highly recommend you do it, because the early deadline can help you stay on track, and you’ll have a chance to get an early sense of how things are going.
You’ll make a brief (5-10 minute) presentation of your paper in the final week of class. I will provide specifics later.
A number of excellent guides can help you put together an effective and interesting research paper. I’ve provided a set of paper resources.
In general, it should include the following components: abstract (fewer than 250 words), introduction, background, methodology, results, conclusion, references, figures, and tables.
All paper elements – idea proposal, paper proposal, first draft, peer review forms, final research paper – should be submitted electronically via Blackboard in Word or PDF format.
Format your tables in Excel or comparable software. Do not copy and paste Stata output.
Length requirements vary depending on the number of people in your group and are based on the the text of your paper only. A one-person project should be 2500-3500 words. A two-person project should be 3500-4500 words. These guidelines exclude the title page, abstract, references, figures, and tables.
No appendices. If it’s important, include it in the paper. If it’s not, then don’t include it.
Formatting: 12 pt font, 1" margins, double spacing, Times New Roman. No spaces between paragraphs. Include page numbers.
Embed your figure/tables or include them at the end of the paper. These do not count towards your length.
You must also submit a Stata do-file that replicates your analysis and a log-file that shows your results. These do not count toward your page limit, and they should be submitted as separate files.
See course schedule for deadlines. Submit materials by 11:59pm on the deadline. Submit all assignments via Blackboard. (Late assignments without an extenson will be penalized 10% per day, and they may not receive detailed feedback.) ### Grading {#grading .unnumbered}
I will provide formal or informal grading rubrics for each component, so you have a clear idea of how you’ll be graded.
| Process | 30% | |||
| Research ideas | 5% | |||
| Data set | 5% | |||
| Research proposal | 10% | |||
| Peer review | 5% | |||
| Rough draft | 0% | |||
| Presentation | 5% | |||
| Final draft | 70% |
How does my group size affect grading? The grading rubric is the same regardless of your group sizes. However, I expect that in a larger group, your analysis will go deeper, your review of the literature will be more comprehensive, you’ll have additional robustness or placebo tests, etc. See the page requirements for a guide. If you have questions, feel free to talk with me in more detail.
Can I turn in a paper with 10 pages of text and 2 tables, or 10 pages of tables and 5 pages of text? Sure! The right balance between written explanation and figures/tables will depend on your topic, but 3-5 figures and tables will usually be about right. What matters most is that your paper clearly addresses your research question.
How should I format my citations and bibliography? Consistently. APA, Chicago, or MLA is fine.
How much data analysis do I need to do? You should incorporate data analysis to answer your research question or test your hypotheses. You may also use data to provide some descriptive statistics, however that alone would not be sufficient. Exactly how much analysis is involved will depend on the question you pose and your approach to answering it.
See paper resources for dataset and topic suggestions.


黒の手番です。33 はどう動かしますか？
Unlimited
pips Black=163 White=162
(CorrectAnswer= 0/0, ErrorScore= 0)
1. 24/21(2) 13/10(2) eq:+0.526 62.02% (G:17.00% B:0.65%) 37.98% (G: 6.90% B:0.24%) 2. 13/10(2) 6/3(2) eq:+0.446 (-0.080) 60.03% (G:19.39% B:0.97%) 39.97% (G: 9.65% B:0.45%) 3. 24/21(2) 6/3(2) eq:+0.412 (-0.114) 59.38% (G:16.08% B:0.58%) 40.62% (G: 7.06% B:0.22%) 4. 24/18(2) eq:+0.391 (-0.135) 59.90% (G:12.75% B:0.42%) 40.10% (G: 7.24% B:0.23%) 5. 13/7(2) eq:+0.358 (-0.168) 59.45% (G:18.37% B:0.81%) 40.55% (G:10.22% B:0.42%)


{{define "cp_reddit"}}
{{template "cp_head" .}}
Reddit feeds
Reddit feeds will post posts from subreddits in your discord server
The subreddit field is just the name of the subreddit (no /r/ in front of it), examples: "games", "multicopter"
| Subreddit | Discord channel | Format (videos wont show if using embeds) | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|
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|
|


General Table using Margin Padding Color Background Color Hover Note that we define nth even and odd child in external css but inline overrides it for the header.
| Name | Branch | Semester |
|---|---|---|
| Nishkarsh Raj | DevOps | III |
| Manthan Chhabra | CSF | III |
| Rishabh Negi | GG | III |
| Karan Nautiyal | CCVT | III |
| Karan Singh | Civil | III |


Gecode::Int::GCC::CardView Class Reference
Cardinality integer view.
More...
#include <view.hpp>
List of all members.
Static Public Attributes |
| static const bool | propagate = true |
| | This view does require propagation.
|
Protected Attributes |
| int | _card |
| | Cardinality.
|
| int | _counter |
| | Counter.
|
Initialization |
|
| | CardView (void) |
| | Default constructor.
|
| void | init (const IntView &y, int c) |
| | Initialize with integer view y and value c.
|
| void | init (Space &home, const IntSet &s, int c) |
| | Initialize for set s and cardinality c.
|
Value access |
|
| int | min (void) const |
| | Return minimum of domain.
|
| int | max (void) const |
| | Return maximum of domain.
|
| unsigned int | size (void) const |
| | Return size (cardinality) of domain.
|
| int | counter (void) const |
| | Return the number of times the value occurs.
|
| int | card (void) const |
| | Return cardinality.
|
Domain update by value |
Set the counter to the number of times value n occurs
|
| void | counter (int n) |
| | Increment counter.
|
| ModEvent | inc (void) |
| | Increment counter.
|
| ModEvent | lq (Space &home, int n) |
| | Restrict domain values to be less or equal than n.
|
| ModEvent | gq (Space &home, int n) |
| | Restrict domain values to be greater or equal than n.
|
| ModEvent | eq (Space &home, int n) |
| | Restrict domain values to be equal to n.
|
Domain update by iterator |
|
| template<class I > |
| ModEvent | narrow_v (Space &home, I &i, bool depends=true) |
| | Replace domain by values described by i.
|
| template<class I > |
| ModEvent | inter_v (Space &home, I &i, bool depends=true) |
| | Intersect domain with values described by i.
|
| template<class I > |
| ModEvent | minus_v (Space &home, I &i, bool depends=true) |
| | Remove from domain the values described by i.
|
Cloning |
Update this view to be a clone of view x
|
| void | update (Space &home, bool share, CardView &x) |
Detailed Description
Cardinality integer view.
Definition at line 143 of file view.hpp.
Constructor & Destructor Documentation
| Gecode::Int::GCC::CardView::CardView |
( |
void |
|
) |
[inline] |
Default constructor.
Definition at line 300 of file view.hpp.
Member Function Documentation
| void Gecode::Int::GCC::CardView::init |
( |
const IntView & |
y, |
|
|
int |
c | |
|
) |
| | [inline] |
Initialize with integer view y and value c.
Definition at line 302 of file view.hpp.
| void Gecode::Int::GCC::CardView::init |
( |
Space & |
home, |
|
|
const IntSet & |
s, |
|
|
int |
c | |
|
) |
| | [inline] |
Initialize for set s and cardinality c.
Definition at line 306 of file view.hpp.
| int Gecode::Int::GCC::CardView::min |
( |
void |
|
) |
const [inline] |
Return minimum of domain.
Definition at line 319 of file view.hpp.
| int Gecode::Int::GCC::CardView::max |
( |
void |
|
) |
const [inline] |
Return maximum of domain.
Definition at line 323 of file view.hpp.
| unsigned int Gecode::Int::GCC::CardView::size |
( |
void |
|
) |
const [inline] |
Return size (cardinality) of domain.
Definition at line 327 of file view.hpp.
| int Gecode::Int::GCC::CardView::counter |
( |
void |
|
) |
const [inline] |
Return the number of times the value occurs.
Definition at line 311 of file view.hpp.
| int Gecode::Int::GCC::CardView::card |
( |
void |
|
) |
const [inline] |
Return cardinality.
Definition at line 315 of file view.hpp.
| void Gecode::Int::GCC::CardView::counter |
( |
int |
n |
) |
[inline] |
Increment counter.
Definition at line 332 of file view.hpp.
| ModEvent Gecode::Int::GCC::CardView::inc |
( |
void |
|
) |
[inline] |
Increment counter.
Definition at line 336 of file view.hpp.
| ModEvent Gecode::Int::GCC::CardView::lq |
( |
Space & |
home, |
|
|
int |
n | |
|
) |
| | [inline] |
Restrict domain values to be less or equal than n.
Definition at line 342 of file view.hpp.
| ModEvent Gecode::Int::GCC::CardView::gq |
( |
Space & |
home, |
|
|
int |
n | |
|
) |
| | [inline] |
Restrict domain values to be greater or equal than n.
Definition at line 346 of file view.hpp.
| ModEvent Gecode::Int::GCC::CardView::eq |
( |
Space & |
home, |
|
|
int |
n | |
|
) |
| | [inline] |
Restrict domain values to be equal to n.
Definition at line 350 of file view.hpp.
template<class I >
| ModEvent Gecode::Int::GCC::CardView::narrow_v |
( |
Space & |
home, |
|
|
I & |
i, |
|
|
bool |
depends = true | |
|
) |
| | [inline] |
Replace domain by values described by i.
Definition at line 356 of file view.hpp.
template<class I >
| ModEvent Gecode::Int::GCC::CardView::inter_v |
( |
Space & |
home, |
|
|
I & |
i, |
|
|
bool |
depends = true | |
|
) |
| | [inline] |
Intersect domain with values described by i.
Definition at line 361 of file view.hpp.
template<class I >
| ModEvent Gecode::Int::GCC::CardView::minus_v |
( |
Space & |
home, |
|
|
I & |
i, |
|
|
bool |
depends = true | |
|
) |
| | [inline] |
Remove from domain the values described by i.
Definition at line 366 of file view.hpp.
| void Gecode::Int::GCC::CardView::update |
( |
Space & |
home, |
|
|
bool |
share, |
|
|
CardView & |
x | |
|
) |
| | [inline] |
Member Data Documentation
This view does require propagation.
Definition at line 152 of file view.hpp.
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:


The Faults Pane shows all available "out of the box" faults Holodeck ships with. Use these faults to simulate different hardware and software failures, easily and precisely. To enable each fault simply select a bullet at the right of the fault you would like to enable. Holodeck supports one fault per category.
Holodeck shows the Faults Pane once the application under test has finished loading.
To view the Faults Pane otherwise, double click the Faults node or a Faults Category node in the Project Pane.
See the Faults Overview for more information concerning faults.


NOTE: Cannot display canvas; try upgrading to a newer browser. In the background is a red push button with a black outline. Clicking down on the push button pushes the button in, and the button returns to its original unpushed state when the user stops clicking down on it.


|
ActiveTcl User Guide
|
||
Tcl_AddObjErrorInfo, Tcl_AddErrorInfo, Tcl_SetObjErrorCode, Tcl_SetErrorCode, Tcl_SetErrorCodeVA, Tcl_PosixError, Tcl_LogCommandInfo - record information about errors
#include <tcl.h>
Tcl_AddObjErrorInfo(interp, message, length)
Tcl_AddErrorInfo(interp, message)
Tcl_SetObjErrorCode(interp, errorObjPtr)
Tcl_SetErrorCode(interp, element, element, ...
(char *) NULL)
Tcl_SetErrorCodeVA(interp, argList)
CONST char *
Tcl_PosixError(interp)
void
Tcl_LogCommandInfo(interp, script, command,
commandLength)
These procedures are used to manipulate two Tcl global variables that hold information about errors. The variable errorInfo holds a stack trace of the operations that were in progress when an error occurred, and is intended to be human-readable. The variable errorCode holds a list of items that are intended to be machine-readable. The first item in errorCode identifies the class of error that occurred (e.g. POSIX means an error occurred in a POSIX system call) and additional elements in errorCode hold additional pieces of information that depend on the class. See the Tcl overview manual entry for details on the various formats for errorCode.
The errorInfo variable is gradually built up as an error unwinds through the nested operations. Each time an error code is returned to Tcl_EvalObjEx (or Tcl_Eval, which calls Tcl_EvalObjEx) it calls the procedure Tcl_AddObjErrorInfo to add additional text to errorInfo describing the command that was being executed when the error occurred. By the time the error has been passed all the way back to the application, it will contain a complete trace of the activity in progress when the error occurred.
It is sometimes useful to add additional information to errorInfo beyond what can be supplied automatically by Tcl_EvalObjEx. Tcl_AddObjErrorInfo may be used for this purpose: its message and length arguments describe an additional string to be appended to errorInfo. For example, the source command calls Tcl_AddObjErrorInfo to record the name of the file being processed and the line number on which the error occurred; for Tcl procedures, the procedure name and line number within the procedure are recorded, and so on. The best time to call Tcl_AddObjErrorInfo is just after Tcl_EvalObjEx has returned TCL_ERROR. In calling Tcl_AddObjErrorInfo, you may find it useful to use the errorLine field of the interpreter (see the Tcl_Interp manual entry for details).
Tcl_AddErrorInfo resembles Tcl_AddObjErrorInfo but differs in initializing errorInfo from the string value of the interpreter's result if the error is just starting to be logged. It does not use the result as a Tcl object so any embedded null characters in the result will cause information to be lost. It also takes a conventional C string in message instead of Tcl_AddObjErrorInfo's counted string.
The procedure Tcl_SetObjErrorCode is used to set the errorCode variable. errorObjPtr contains a list object built up by the caller. errorCode is set to this value. Tcl_SetObjErrorCode is typically invoked just before returning an error in an object command. If an error is returned without calling Tcl_SetObjErrorCode or Tcl_SetErrorCode the Tcl interpreter automatically sets errorCode to NONE.
The procedure Tcl_SetErrorCode is also used to set the errorCode variable. However, it takes one or more strings to record instead of an object. Otherwise, it is similar to Tcl_SetObjErrorCode in behavior.
Tcl_SetErrorCodeVA is the same as Tcl_SetErrorCode except that instead of taking a variable number of arguments it takes an argument list.
Tcl_PosixError sets the errorCode variable after an error in a POSIX kernel call. It reads the value of the errno C variable and calls Tcl_SetErrorCode to set errorCode in the POSIX format. The caller must previously have called Tcl_SetErrno to set errno; this is necessary on some platforms (e.g. Windows) where Tcl is linked into an application as a shared library, or when the error occurs in a dynamically loaded extension. See the manual entry for Tcl_SetErrno for more information.
Tcl_PosixError returns a human-readable diagnostic message for the error (this is the same value that will appear as the third element in errorCode). It may be convenient to include this string as part of the error message returned to the application in the interpreter's result.
Tcl_LogCommandInfo is invoked after an error occurs in an interpreter. It adds information about the command that was being executed when the error occurred to the errorInfo variable, and the line number stored internally in the interpreter is set. On the first call to Tcl_LogCommandInfo or Tcl_AddObjErrorInfo since an error occurred, the old information in errorInfo is deleted.
It is important to call the procedures described here rather than setting errorInfo or errorCode directly with Tcl_ObjSetVar2. The reason for this is that the Tcl interpreter keeps information about whether these procedures have been called. For example, the first time Tcl_AddObjErrorInfo is called for an error, it clears the existing value of errorInfo and adds the error message in the interpreter's result to the variable before appending message; in subsequent calls, it just appends the new message. When Tcl_SetErrorCode is called, it sets a flag indicating that errorCode has been set; this allows the Tcl interpreter to set errorCode to NONE if it receives an error return when Tcl_SetErrorCode hasn't been called.
If the procedure Tcl_ResetResult is called, it clears all of the state associated with errorInfo and errorCode (but it doesn't actually modify the variables). If an error had occurred, this will clear the error state to make it appear as if no error had occurred after all.
Tcl_DecrRefCount, Tcl_IncrRefCount, Tcl_Interp, Tcl_ResetResult, Tcl_SetErrno
error, object, object result, stack, trace, variable
Copyright © 1989-1993 The Regents of the University of California. Copyright © 1994-1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Copyright © 1995-1997 Roger E. Critchlow Jr.


The sample demonstrates how to navigate through the Custom element Calendar using the Keyboard.
- Tab - Like other widgets, the jqxCalendar widget receives focus by tabbing into it. Once focus is received, users will be able to use the keyboard to change the Calendar's selection. A second tab will take the user out of the date picker widget.
- Shift+Tab - reverses the direction of the tab order. Once in the widget, a Shift+Tab will take the user to the previous focusable element in the tab order.
- Up Arrow and Down Arrow - goes to the same day of the week in the previous or next week respectively. If the user advances past the end of the month they continue into the next or previous month as appropriate.
- Left Arrow and Right Arrow - advances one day to the next.
- Home - Moves to the first day of the current month.
- End - Moves to the last day of the current month.
- Page Up - Moves to the same date in the previous month.
- Page Down - Moves to the same date in the next month.