| RFC 7911 | ADD-PATH | July 2016 |
| Walton, et al. | Standards Track | [Page] |
This document defines a BGP extension that allows the advertisement of multiple paths for the same address prefix without the new paths implicitly replacing any previous ones. The essence of the extension is that each path is identified by a Path Identifier in addition to the address prefix.¶
This is an Internet Standards Track document.¶
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841.¶
Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7911.¶
Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved.¶
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.¶
The BGP specification [RFC4271] defines an Update-Send Process to advertise the routes chosen by the Decision Process to other BGP speakers. No provisions are made to allow the advertisement of multiple paths for the same address prefix or Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI). In fact, a route with the same NLRI as a previously advertised route implicitly replaces the previous advertisement.¶
This document defines a BGP extension that allows the advertisement of multiple paths for the same address prefix without the new paths implicitly replacing any previous ones. The essence of the extension is that each path is identified by a Path Identifier in addition to the address prefix.¶
The availability of the additional paths can help reduce or eliminate persistent route oscillations [RFC3345]. It can also help with optimal routing and routing convergence in a network by providing potential alternate or backup paths, respectively.¶
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].¶
As defined in [RFC4271], a path refers to the information reported in the Path Attribute field of an UPDATE message. As the procedures specified in [RFC4271] allow only the advertisement of one path for a particular address prefix, a path for an address prefix from a BGP peer can be keyed on the address prefix.¶
In order for a BGP speaker to advertise multiple paths for the same address prefix, a new identifier (termed "Path Identifier" hereafter) needs to be introduced so that a particular path for an address prefix can be identified by the combination of the address prefix and the Path Identifier.¶
The assignment of the Path Identifier for a path by a BGP speaker is purely a local matter. However, the Path Identifier MUST be assigned in such a way that the BGP speaker is able to use the (Prefix, Path Identifier) to uniquely identify a path advertised to a neighbor. A BGP speaker that re-advertises a route MUST generate its own Path Identifier to be associated with the re-advertised route. A BGP speaker that receives a route should not assume that the identifier carries any particular semantics.¶
In order to carry the Path Identifier in an UPDATE message, the NLRI encoding MUST be extended by prepending the Path Identifier field, which is of four octets.¶
For example, the NLRI encoding specified in [RFC4271] is extended as the following:¶
+--------------------------------+ | Path Identifier (4 octets) | +--------------------------------+ | Length (1 octet) | +--------------------------------+ | Prefix (variable) | +--------------------------------+¶
The usage of the extended NLRI encodings is specified in Section 5.¶
The ADD-PATH Capability is a BGP capability [RFC5492], with Capability Code 69. The Capability Length field of this capability is variable. The Capability Value field consists of one or more of the following tuples:¶
+------------------------------------------------+ | Address Family Identifier (2 octets) | +------------------------------------------------+ | Subsequent Address Family Identifier (1 octet) | +------------------------------------------------+ | Send/Receive (1 octet) | +------------------------------------------------+¶
The meaning and use of the fields are as follows:¶
Address Family Identifier (AFI):¶
Subsequent Address Family Identifier (SAFI):¶
Send/Receive:¶
A BGP speaker that wishes to indicate support for multiple AFI/SAFIs MUST do so by including the information in a single instance of the ADD-PATH Capability.¶
The Path Identifier specified in Section 3 can be used to advertise multiple paths for the same address prefix without subsequent advertisements replacing the previous ones. Apart from the fact that this is now possible, the route advertisement rules of [RFC4271] are not changed. In particular, a new advertisement for a given address prefix and a given Path Identifier replaces a previous advertisement for the same address prefix and Path Identifier. If a BGP speaker receives a message to withdraw a prefix with a Path Identifier not seen before, it SHOULD silently ignore it.¶
For a BGP speaker to be able to send multiple paths to its peer, that BGP speaker MUST advertise the ADD-PATH Capability with the Send/Receive field set to either 2 or 3, and MUST receive from its peer the ADD-PATH Capability with the Send/Receive field set to either 1 or 3, for the corresponding <AFI, SAFI>.¶
A BGP speaker MUST follow the procedures defined in [RFC4271] when generating an UPDATE message for a particular <AFI, SAFI> to a peer unless the BGP speaker advertises the ADD-PATH Capability to the peer indicating its ability to send multiple paths for the <AFI, SAFI>, and also receives the ADD-PATH Capability from the peer indicating its ability to receive multiple paths for the <AFI, SAFI>, in which case the speaker MUST generate a route update for the <AFI, SAFI> based on the combination of the address prefix and the Path Identifier, and use the extended NLRI encodings specified in this document. The peer SHALL act accordingly in processing an UPDATE message related to a particular <AFI, SAFI>.¶
A BGP speaker SHOULD include the best route [RFC4271] when more than one path is advertised to a neighbor, unless it is a path received from that neighbor.¶
As the Path Identifiers are locally assigned, and may or may not be persistent across a control plane restart of a BGP speaker, an implementation SHOULD take special care so that the underlying forwarding plane of a "Receiving Speaker" as described in [RFC4724] is not affected during the graceful restart of a BGP session.¶
The extension proposed in this document provides a mechanism for a BGP speaker to advertise multiple paths over a BGP session. Care needs to be taken in its deployment to ensure consistent routing and forwarding in a network [ADDPATH].¶
The only explicit indication that the encoding described in Section 3 is in use in a particular BGP session is the exchange of Capabilities described in Section 4. If the exchange is successful [RFC5492], then the BGP speakers will be able to process all BGP UPDATES properly, as described in Section 5. However, if, for example, a packet analyzer is used on the wire to examine an active BGP session, it may not be able to properly decode the BGP UPDATES because it lacks prior knowledge of the exchanged Capabilities.¶
When deployed as a provider edge router or a peering router that interacts with external neighbors, a BGP speaker usually advertises at most one path to the internal neighbors in a network. In the case where the speaker is configured to advertise multiple paths to the internal neighbors, and additional information is needed for the application, the speaker could use attributes such as the Edge_Discriminator attribute [FAST]. The use of that type of additional information is outside the scope of this document.¶
IANA has assigned the value 69 for the ADD-PATH Capability described in this document. This registration is in the "Capability Codes" registry.¶
This document defines a BGP extension that allows the advertisement of multiple paths for the same address prefix without the new paths implicitly replacing any previous ones. As a result, multiple paths for a large number of prefixes may be received by a BGP speaker, potentially depleting memory resources or even causing network-wide instability, which can be considered a denial-of-service attack. Note that this is not a new vulnerability, but one that is present in the base BGP specification [RFC4272].¶
The use of the ADD-PATH Capability is intended to address specific needs related to, for example, eliminating route oscillations that were induced by the MULTI_EXIT_DISC (MED) attribute [STOP-OSC]. While describing the applications for the ADD-PATH Capability is outside the scope of this document, users are encouraged to examine their behavior and potential impact by studying the best practices described in [ADDPATH].¶
Security concerns in the base operation of BGP [RFC4271] also apply.¶
We would like to thank David Cook and Naiming Shen for their contributions to the design and development of the extension.¶
Many people have made valuable comments and suggestions, including Rex Fernando, Eugene Kim, Danny McPherson, Dave Meyer, Pradosh Mohapatra, Keyur Patel, Robert Raszuk, Eric Rosen, Srihari Sangli, Dan Tappan, Mark Turner, Jeff Haas, Jay Borkenhagen, Mach Chen, Denis Ovsienko, Carlos Pignataro, Meral Shirazipour, and Kathleen Moriarty.¶


Minnesota retail pharmacies to close as industry shrinks
ST. PAUL, Minn. (AP) - Minnesota health care provider HealthPartner says it will close 30 of its retail pharmacies next year amid a broader shrinking of the industry.
Minnesota Public Radio News reported Friday that about 300 workers will lose their jobs as a result of the closures. The company, which sells health insurance and also runs hospitals and clinics, declined to comment to the radio station.
The retail pharmacy industry has been shrinking for over a decade, starting with the closing of many independent pharmacies in rural areas.
The federal Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts no growth in pharmacy jobs through 2028.
Sarah Derr, executive director of the Minnesota Pharmacists Association, says organizations like hers recognize prescriptions might be filled by machines in the future.
HealthPartner will also close its mail-order pharmacy business in 2020.
Information from: Minnesota Public Radio News, http://www.mprnews.org
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Web Components Demo: Templates and (some) Shadow DOM
by
Author's Note: it's best to review this code in Google Chrome 36+. Also, open up the Dev Tools and under "General" and then "Settings," make sure that the "Show user agent shadow DOM" box is checked.
I spent some time hacking Web Components during a long flight layover and it was time well spent. I put together a small demo, just so I could better understand Web Components as a whole.
Web Components is a concept composed of four sub-concepts, but I just focused on two of them for the demo: templates and Shadow DOM...primarily templates. At the time of this post, implementing Web Components neatly across the different browsers and devices requires a polyfill library like Polymer or X-Tag, but I wanted to study the internal workings of each sub-concept before diving into the polyfills.
A quick Web Components description
Web Components are a set of emerging technologies working their way towards a firm specification, thanks to the hard work of the W3C. The goal of Web Components is to allow developers to create custom elements with HTML, CSS and JavaScript...these elements can also be thought of as widgets.
An great example of this is the <github-card>
custom element. If you have a GitHub account, check out the <github-card> demo page, add your GH username in the field to review the end result, then go to the <github-card> documentation to download the code and see how to apply it to your page using a simple tag.
The four sub-concepts that make up Web Components are:
- Templates: a chunk of formatted HTML that can be cloned, inserted and rendered based on instructions you give it. Read more »
- Shadow DOM: an encapsulated separate DOM that you can add code to. It's best to think of it as "a DOM within your DOM." Read more »
- Custom Elements: the ability to create custom page tags, such as
<github-card>
. Read more » - HTML Imports: the ability to load in small pieces of HTML code into your page when needed via
<link>
tags. Read more»
(all the above "Read more »" links courtesy of HTML5 Rocks):
While things like <github-card> utilize all the sub-concepts, each one can function on its own quite nicely. But when they all work together, they form Web Components...conceptually, it's best to think of WC in the same way as AJAX, where a group of technologies work together to perform a single task.
(Side note: there's another sub-concept called "decorators" but lots of developers don't like it, so there's not a lot of focus in terms of finalizing its specification. It may disappear.)
Started out by focusing on templates...mostly
I've read about all of these sub-concepts (including decorators) but played with the actual code just a little, and the best way to learn is by doing instead of reading. So I'm in the middle of hacking out code for each sub-concept, starting with templates.
For the templates, I wanted to display a simple list of books based on a small JavaScript data object. Things started out like this...
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>

<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>JavaScript Books</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/normalize.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/styles.css">

JavaScript Books

Built with templates & Shadow DOM

<template id="singleBook">

by

Buy at Amazon

</template>

css/styles.css
body {
margin: 20px;
}
h1, h2 {
text-align: center;
}
footer {
text-align: center;
margin-top: 20px;
}
.allBooksClass {
margin-top: 30px;
text-align: center;
}
scripts/main.js
(function(){
var jsBooks = {
"book1" : {
"title": "Object-Oriented Javascript",
"author": "Stoyan Stefanov",
"image": "images/ooj.jpg",
"amazonLink": "http://amzn.to/1sRFbEC"
},
"book2" : {
"title": "Effective Javascript",
"author": "David Herman",
"image": "images/effectivejs.jpg",
"amazonLink": "http://amzn.to/1pLu1A5"
},
"book3" : {
"title": "JavaScript: The Good Parts",
"author": "Douglas Crockford",
"image": "images/goodparts.jpg",
"amazonLink": "http://amzn.to/1ukjoIN"
},
"book4" : {
"title": "Eloquent Javascript",
"author": "Marijn Haverbeke",
"image": "images/eloquentjavascript.jpg",
"amazonLink": "http://amzn.to/1lPP6pn"
}
};
var template = document.querySelector("#singleBook"),
templateContent = template.content,
host = document.querySelector("#allBooks"),
root = host.createShadowRoot();
for (key in jsBooks) {
var title = jsBooks[key].title,
author = jsBooks[key].author,
image = jsBooks[key].image,
amazonLink = jsBooks[key].amazonLink;
templateContent.querySelector("img").src = image;
templateContent.querySelector("img").alt
= templateContent.querySelector("#bookTitle").innerHTML
= title;
templateContent.querySelector("#bookAuthor").innerHTML = author;
templateContent.querySelector("#btnPurchase").href = amazonLink;
root.appendChild(document.importNode(templateContent, true));
}
})();
index.html
contains both normalize.css
and the main Twitter Bootstrap CSS file. Bootstrap is providing responsive functionality, but is mostly here to make parts of the site look pretty. styles.css
adds extra styling to some page elements and has a very small role in the project.
Past that, there's some basic HTML but there's also the Web Component-centric template tag that has an ID of singleBook
. The code inside of <template>
contains HTML and some CSS in a
Using @import
is frowned upon from a performance standpoint, but it's how this particular problem gets solved. And as Google's Rob Dodson points out in his excellent Web Components article, using Polymer avoids doing this by bringing in the stylesheets with XHR requests.
But there's another problem: by doing deep clones of template content at each loop iteration, the style tag is getting added four times when it really only needs to be added once.
Adjust the loop
This can be fixed by changing the loop procedure: every time the loop runs, deep-copy just the article tag by referring to its "templateArticle" class, then append it to the section tag. Leave the loop after it's ended, then append the style tag to section, which is the shadow host.
This requires changing the end of the JavaScript from this...
(function(){
...
root.appendChild(document.importNode(templateContent, true));
}
})();
...to this
(function(){
...
root.appendChild(document.importNode(templateContent.querySelector(".templateArticle"), true));
}
root.appendChild(document.importNode(templateContent.querySelector("style"), true));
})();
And now there's only one style tag inside the shadow root and it's properly applying the styles.
Because


{% load i18n %}
{% load fp_block_tags %}
{% get_object_visibility fancypage as is_visible %}
{% if user.is_staff and request.fp_edit_mode and not is_visible %}
{% trans "Note:" %}
{% trans "You can only see this because you are logged in as a user with access rights to the dashboard." %}


This sample illustrates UniqueValidator integration with the form which includes all type of inputs currently supported by UniqueValidator.
The sample process form in ajax request.
This sample has source of quick example quick start mentioned in documentation of integrating the UniqueValidator with some decent UI.
read the Documentation
This sample demonstrates advanced features of uniqueValidator like custom callback custom error messages etc. we discussed all about this features in advanced features section in Documentation.
read the Documentation


| Fundraisers | Our Executive Team | Our Progress |
| Throughout the year, various fundraisers will be held in order to help us achieve our goal of $10,000. In order to learn more about our fundraisers and ways you can help us, click here. | Free The Children club is made up of several highly motivated youth seeking to make a change in the world. To learn more about the executive team, click here. | Interested in tracking our progress and seeing how close we are to our goal? Click here to see how we are on our track to the building of a school in Ecuador. |
Follow us on social media! |


MGU seeks more government grants
Grants are barely adequate for pension, salary
by Staff ReporterAimed at overcoming the acute cash crunch experienced by it, the Mahatma Gandhi University (MGU) in Kottayam has decided to approach the State government with a request to raise its annual plan and non-plan grants to the institution.
A meeting of the MGU syndicate, held here on Saturday, unilaterally adopted a resolution presented by P.Padmakumar, senate member, on the issue.
According to the resolution, the varsity currently is the highest affiliating varsity in the State to function using government funds. However, the grants received from the State over the last few years have only been adequate to pay the pension for its 1,170 retired employees, besides disbursing the monthly salary of the current employees.
While the non-plan grants received in the fiscal 2018-19 was around ₹130 crore, the institution spent around ₹187 crore under the heads of salary and pension during the same period. This shortage of ₹57 crore was addressed using the revenue generated internally. However, the winding up of a few off-campus centres and self-financing courses has put the varsity’s revenue streams under severe stress and this shortage of cash flow could be addressed only by raising the non-plan grants.
The situation is set to worsen further in 2020-21 when another batch of 104 employees are set to retire from service.
Based on memorandums, the government has now appointed a committee to analyse the vast differences in allocation of annual grants to the different varsities.


Soul Bounties
Yrevocnu is platform for accomplishing our goals. We operate an algorithm for recruiting people into our network that expand our creative and experiential capacity.
--- layout: default ---
Yrevocnu is platform for accomplishing our goals. We operate an algorithm for recruiting people into our network that expand our creative and experiential capacity.
These are the people that we are looking for, with the SamsaraCoin reward we are offering to members that bring in their souls:
{{bounty.long}}
{{bounty.short}} became a member at Event {{bounty.closed}}, recruited for ₷{{bounty.bounty}}
{% endfor %}


14-May-2018 Quantum Computing for Computer Scientists
18-Apr-2018 Quantum Blockchain using entanglement in time
10-Apr-2018 Quantum Algorithm Implementations for Beginners
7-Mar-2018 Google Engineers Think This 72-Qubit Processor Can Achieve Quantum Supremacy
7-Mar-2018 ‘BLOCKCHAIN’ IS MEANINGLESS
27-Feb-2018 UChicago scientists to lead $10 million NSF 'expedition' for practical quantum computing
13-Feb-2018 Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence - Tshilidzi Marwala, Bo Xing
8-Sep-2017 Machine learning & artificial intelligence in the quantum domain - Vedran Dunjko, Hans J. Briegel
Noon van der Silk, Lyndon Maydwell, Sean Seefried, Fabion Kauker and Susie Sheldrick
We're only interested in investment from the wholesale quantum investment, bitcoin or AI communities; all of whom can get in contact with us directly by standard means. If you're outside of these communities, we belive you will be able to get the details of one of us. Sorry. Our contact details are not listed directly due to overwhelming interest.


Former Mario Kart Devs Launch The Spell-Slinging Tag-Team Racer Gensou SkyDrift This December
Something new for kart racing and Touhou fans alike
by Liam DoolanIt's been a solid year for kart racing games, with the release of Team Sonic Racing and Crash Team Racing Nitro-Fueled. Of course, on the Switch, neither of these titles in our humble opinion even come close to the first-party offering, Mario Kart 8 Deluxe. Perhaps the spell-slinging tag-team racer Gensou SkyDrift has a better chance of taking down the king of kart racers.
Published by Sony Music Entertainment (Japan) label UNTIES and created by the former Mario Kart developers at illuCalab, Gensou SkyDrift has players racing through the "beautiful and magical lands" of Gensokyo at break-neck speeds in a "kart racer" where you partner is your vehicle. The two-racer concept certainly brings back memories of Double Dash.
Choose two racers from a roster of 20 magic-infused characters, each with their own driver handling stats and set of power ups, and swap between them on the fly. One racer steers the other, and swapping positions enables dynamic mid-match strategy changes.
Speed through more than 15 breathtaking stages to pulse-pounding music. Navigate through hoops scattered across the tracks to gain temporary boosts and charge racers’ mana. Unleash havoc on opposing teams by drawing devastating spells from character-specific decks of offensive and defensive abilities.
You'll be able to test your skills across story, versus and time attack modes, or take the action online, where you can race up to seven friends in multiplayer matches.
Gensou Skydrift's cast is pulled from the "beloved and long-running" Touhou Project, according to the PR.
This upcoming release arrives on the Switch and multiple other platforms on 12th December and will be available for $23.99/€ 21.99, with English language support. Pre-orders for the Switch version open on 5th December and the game will have a 20% launch discount.
Does this look like your kind of racer? Comment below.


jcpenney
Businessmodel of JCPenney
Customer Segments
JC Penney is a large retailer, serving a range of consumer demographics. The Company principally positions itself to cater largely to middle-to-low income households. Recent reports suggest that the demographic segmentation of the Company’s customers, sees its typical customer being an adult female aged between 35 and 45, with a household of three or more people.
JC Penney operates an extensive network of stores across the US, serving customers in urban and suburban areas. The Company has an operational presence in 49 of the US’s 50 states, as well as in territories such as Puerto Rico. In particular, the Company is active in Texas, Michigan, Florida, and New York. JC Penney does not currently have any significant operations outside of the US. It does, however, offer international shipping to a number of countries, including the UK.
Value Propositions
JC Penney provides value to its customers in the following ways:
- Its reputation and industry standing, with the Company established as one of the largest and most well-known retail groups in the US, with a brand name associated with reliable and high-quality products and services;
- Its extensive network of stores, with the Company operating a wide network of more than 1,000 physical retail outlets across 49 US states, reaching a large customer base in urban and suburban communities;
- Its efficient distribution infrastructure, with the Company operating a number of warehousing, distribution, and dedicated dot-com distribution facilities across the US, enabling it to supply its stores and its customers quickly and efficiently;
- Its reasonable prices, with the Company seeking to offer its customers value for money with high-quality products at competitive prices, as well as offering various deals and discounts on branded items; and
- Its accessibility, with the Company operating an e-commerce platform, as well as a mobile application, that enables customers to make purchase and track orders from anywhere. ### Channels
JC Penney operates a website at www.jcpenney.com, through which the Company provides information on its product catalogue, store locations, and other activities. The Company’s website also doubles as an online retail channel, which allows customers to browse products, make purchases, and track deliveries. Additionally, the Company offers its customers a mobile app for Android and iOS devices, which enables customers to make purchases from mobile devices.
JC Penney makes the majority of its sales through its network of retail outlets, spanning 1,021 stores across 49 US states, with a significant presence in Texas, Florida, and Michigan. The Company also employs teams of in-store sales and support personnel who serve customers directly and in person across the US.
Additionally, JC Penney operates its own distribution and storage infrastructure, fulfilling online orders through its dedicated distribution centres, and managing its merchandise inventory through a nationwide network of distribution and storage centres and warehousing facilities.
Customer Relationships
JC Penney makes a number of its sales through its online sales channel on a self-service basis. Its e-commerce platform allows customers to browse products, make purchases, arrange deliveries, and manage account details online and via mobile devices, without interacting directly with members of the Company’s sales and support personnel.
JC Penney makes the bulk of its sales, however, through its physical retail outlets, where members of sales and service staff are available to provide personal care to customers, offering direct assistance with queries, enquires, complaints and product returns. The Company seeks to provide effective and approachable customer support, encouraging repeat business.
Alternative, JC Penney operates a dedicated customer support organisation, the members of which customers are able to contact over the phone in order to receive tailored responses to queries and questions. The Company also provides a range of online resources, such as FAQs and shipping information, which can be accessed by customers independently.
JC Penney also operates a number of social media accounts – including with Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, and YouTube – through which the Company can interact directly with customers. In particular, it uses its Twitter account as an additional customer care channel.
Key Activities
JC Penney is a holding company. Through its principal operating company, JC Penney Corporation Inc, the Company operates a digital and physical retail business. The Company operates through two principal channels, selling merchandise and services to consumers through its network of more than 1,000 department stores and its website at www.jcpenney.com, which can be accessed via applications for desktop, mobile and tablet devices, as well as in-browser.
The Company’s department stores and website offer almost identical product catalogues. JC Penney operates an extensive distribution and storage network across the US, with online customer purchases fulfilled by direct shipment to the customer from its distribution facilities and stores or via its suppliers’ warehouses. The Company’s core product categories include sells family apparel and footwear, accessories, fine and fashion jewelry, beauty products, and home furnishings.
Key Partners
JC Penney works in close collaboration with a network of partner companies and organisations across the US. These partners can be categorised broadly as:
- Supplier and Vendor Partners, including suppliers of products and merchandise which the Company resells online and in-store, as well as supplier of services, technologies, and equipment that are utilised more broadly across the Company;
- Retail and Branding Partners, comprising various retailers and consumer brands with which the Company establishes exclusive and non-exclusive partnerships to sell products in its stores;
- Joint Venture Partners, comprising various commercial entities with which the Company provides joint services or embarks on joint projects through mutually owned entities;
- Channel and Distribution Partners, comprising various distribution and logistics service providers that support and enhance the Company’s own in-house distribution infrastructure; and
- Strategic and Alliance Partners, comprising various market-leading companies across multiple sectors, notably the retail and consumer goods sectors, with which the Company collaborates on branding, marketing, and other projects. JC Penney has a number of partnerships in place. This includes a rebranding tie-up with InStyle Magazine to enhance the Company’s in-store salon environment, an exclusive retail partnership with beauty company Sephora, and a retail partnership with Hallmark in relation to its wedding and engagement ring range.
Key Resources
JC Penney’s key resources are its brands and intellectual properties, its merchandise and supply chain, its online retail platform, its It and communications infrastructure, its network of retail outlets, its distribution and warehousing infrastructure, its partnerships – notably its exclusive retail deals, and its personnel.
JC Penney owns and or leases a large portfolio of properties across the US that are key to its ongoing operations. This notably includes its network of 1,021 retail outlets across 49 states, as well as extensive distribution and storage infrastructure, including distribution centres and warehouses.
JC Penney additionally owns a number brands and trademarks that are key to its ability to provide a unique service to its customers.
Cost Structure
JC Penney incurs costs in relation to the procurement of products and merchandise, the procurement of professional services, the management of its supply chain, the development of its online retail platform, the maintenance of its IT and communications infrastructure, the implementation of marketing and advertising campaigns, the management of its partnerships, and the retention of its personnel.
In 2015 JC Penney’s largest expense related to its cost of goods sold, which totalled $8.07 billion for the year. The Company also recorded selling, general, and administrative expenses – including warehousing, occupancy, and salary and benefit costs – in the amount of $3.78 billion
Revenue Streams
JC Penney generates revenue through the sale of various consumer goods items through its network of retail outlets, as well as its online e-commerce platform. The Company principally derives revenue in the form of sales fees.
In 2015 JC Penney generated total net sales for the year in the amount of $12.63 billion, up slightly on the $12.26 billion recorded by the Company in 2014. More than half of the Company’s sales relate to its apparel and accessories product lines, which together accounted for around 59% of the Company’s sales for the year.


{% extends "driving/layout.html" %} {% block page_title %} Driving lessons {% endblock %} {% block content %} {% include "includes/phase_banner_beta.html" %} {{formData | safe}} Will you be practising driving in your own car? Will you be practising driving in your own car? Yes No Not sure yet {% endblock %}


Element index for package PHPUnit
[ a ]
[ b ]
[ c ]
[ e ]
[ f ]
[ g ]
[ p ]
[ r ]
[ s ]
[ t ]
[ w ]
[ _ ]
_
- $_errors
- in file TestResult.php, variable PHPUnit_TestResult::$_errors
- $_failed
- in file TestCase.php, variable PHPUnit_TestCase::$_failed
- $_failedTest
- in file TestFailure.php, variable PHPUnit_TestFailure::$_failedTest
- $_failures
- in file TestResult.php, variable PHPUnit_TestResult::$_failures
- $_listeners
- in file TestResult.php, variable PHPUnit_TestResult::$_listeners
- $_looselyTyped
- in file Assert.php, variable PHPUnit_Assert::$_looselyTyped
- $_name
- in file TestCase.php, variable PHPUnit_TestCase::$_name
The name of the test case.
- $_name
- in file TestSuite.php, variable PHPUnit_TestSuite::$_name
The name of the test suite.
- $_passedTests
- in file TestResult.php, variable PHPUnit_TestResult::$_passedTests
- $_result
- in file TestCase.php, variable PHPUnit_TestCase::$_result
PHPUnit_TestResult object
- $_runTests
- in file TestResult.php, variable PHPUnit_TestResult::$_runTests
- $_stop
- in file TestResult.php, variable PHPUnit_TestResult::$_stop
- $_test
- in file TestDecorator.php, variable PHPUnit_TestDecorator::$_test
The Test to be decorated.
- $_tests
- in file TestSuite.php, variable PHPUnit_TestSuite::$_tests
The tests in the test suite.
- $_thrownException
- in file TestFailure.php, variable PHPUnit_TestFailure::$_thrownException
- $_timesRepeat
- in file RepeatedTest.php, variable PHPUnit_RepeatedTest::$_timesRepeat
- _convertToString
- in file Assert.php, method PHPUnit_Assert::_convertToString()
Converts a value to a string.
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- addError
- in file TestListener.php, method PHPUnit_TestListener::addError()
An error occurred.
- addError
- in file TestResult.php, method PHPUnit_TestResult::addError()
Adds an error to the list of errors.
- addFailure
- in file TestResult.php, method PHPUnit_TestResult::addFailure()
Adds a failure to the list of failures.
- addFailure
- in file TestListener.php, method PHPUnit_TestListener::addFailure()
A failure occurred.
- addListener
- in file TestResult.php, method PHPUnit_TestResult::addListener()
Registers a TestListener.
- addPassedTest
- in file TestResult.php, method PHPUnit_TestResult::addPassedTest()
Adds a passed test to the list of passed tests.
- addTest
- in file TestSuite.php, method PHPUnit_TestSuite::addTest()
Adds a test to the suite.
- addTestSuite
- in file TestSuite.php, method PHPUnit_TestSuite::addTestSuite()
Adds the tests from the given class to the suite.
- assertEquals
- in file Assert.php, method PHPUnit_Assert::assertEquals()
Asserts that two variables are equal.
- assertFalse
- in file Assert.php, method PHPUnit_Assert::assertFalse()
Asserts that a condition is false.
- assertNotNull
- in file Assert.php, method PHPUnit_Assert::assertNotNull()
Asserts that an object isn't null.
- assertNotSame
- in file Assert.php, method PHPUnit_Assert::assertNotSame()
Asserts that two objects refer not to the same object.
- assertNull
- in file Assert.php, method PHPUnit_Assert::assertNull()
Asserts that an object is null.
- assertRegExp
- in file Assert.php, method PHPUnit_Assert::assertRegExp()
Asserts that a string matches a given regular expression.
- assertSame
- in file Assert.php, method PHPUnit_Assert::assertSame()
Asserts that two objects refer to the same object.
- assertTrue
- in file Assert.php, method PHPUnit_Assert::assertTrue()
Asserts that a condition is true.
- Assert.php
- procedural page Assert.php
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- pass
- in file TestCase.php, method PHPUnit_TestCase::pass()
Passes a test.
- passedTests
- in file TestResult.php, method PHPUnit_TestResult::passedTests()
Returns an Enumeration for the passed tests.
- PHPUnit
- in file PHPUnit.php, class PHPUnit
PHPUnit runs a TestSuite and returns a TestResult object.
- PHPUnit_Assert
- in file Assert.php, class PHPUnit_Assert
A set of assert methods.
- PHPUnit_RepeatedTest
- in file RepeatedTest.php, method PHPUnit_RepeatedTest::PHPUnit_RepeatedTest()
Constructor.
- PHPUnit_RepeatedTest
- in file RepeatedTest.php, class PHPUnit_RepeatedTest
A Decorator that runs a test repeatedly.
- PHPUnit_TestCase
- in file TestCase.php, method PHPUnit_TestCase::PHPUnit_TestCase()
Constructs a test case with the given name.
- PHPUnit_TestCase
- in file TestCase.php, class PHPUnit_TestCase
A TestCase defines the fixture to run multiple tests.
- PHPUnit_TestDecorator
- in file TestDecorator.php, method PHPUnit_TestDecorator::PHPUnit_TestDecorator()
Constructor.
- PHPUnit_TestDecorator
- in file TestDecorator.php, class PHPUnit_TestDecorator
A Decorator for Tests.
- PHPUnit_TestFailure
- in file TestFailure.php, class PHPUnit_TestFailure
A TestFailure collects a failed test together with the caught exception.
- PHPUnit_TestFailure
- in file TestFailure.php, method PHPUnit_TestFailure::PHPUnit_TestFailure()
Constructs a TestFailure with the given test and exception.
- PHPUnit_TestListener
- in file TestListener.php, class PHPUnit_TestListener
A Listener for test progress.
- PHPUnit_TestResult
- in file TestResult.php, class PHPUnit_TestResult
A TestResult collects the results of executing a test case.
- PHPUnit_TestSuite
- in file TestSuite.php, method PHPUnit_TestSuite::PHPUnit_TestSuite()
Constructs a TestSuite.
- PHPUnit_TestSuite
- in file TestSuite.php, class PHPUnit_TestSuite
A TestSuite is a Composite of Tests. It runs a collection of test cases.
- PHPUnit.php
- procedural page PHPUnit.php
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- removeListener
- in file TestResult.php, method PHPUnit_TestResult::removeListener()
Unregisters a TestListener.
- run
- in file TestSuite.php, method PHPUnit_TestSuite::run()
Runs the tests and collects their result in a TestResult.
- run
- in file TestCase.php, method PHPUnit_TestCase::run()
Runs the test case and collects the results in a given TestResult object.
- run
- in file PHPUnit.php, method PHPUnit::run()
- run
- in file TestDecorator.php, method PHPUnit_TestDecorator::run()
Runs the decorated test and collects the result in a TestResult.
- run
- in file RepeatedTest.php, method PHPUnit_RepeatedTest::run()
Runs the decorated test and collects the result in a TestResult.
- run
- in file TestResult.php, method PHPUnit_TestResult::run()
Runs a TestCase.
- runBare
- in file TestCase.php, method PHPUnit_TestCase::runBare()
Runs the bare test sequence.
- runCount
- in file TestResult.php, method PHPUnit_TestResult::runCount()
Gets the number of run tests.
- runTest
- in file TestSuite.php, method PHPUnit_TestSuite::runTest()
Runs a test.
- runTest
- in file TestCase.php, method PHPUnit_TestCase::runTest()
Override to run the test and assert its state.
- RepeatedTest.php
- procedural page RepeatedTest.php
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- setLooselyTyped
- in file Assert.php, method PHPUnit_Assert::setLooselyTyped()
- setName
- in file TestSuite.php, method PHPUnit_TestSuite::setName()
Sets the name of the suite.
- setName
- in file TestCase.php, method PHPUnit_TestCase::setName()
Sets the name of a TestCase.
- setUp
- in file TestCase.php, method PHPUnit_TestCase::setUp()
Sets up the fixture, for example, open a network connection.
- shouldStop
- in file TestResult.php, method PHPUnit_TestResult::shouldStop()
Checks whether the test run should stop.
- startTest
- in file TestListener.php, method PHPUnit_TestListener::startTest()
A test started.
- startTest
- in file TestResult.php, method PHPUnit_TestResult::startTest()
Informs the result that a test will be started.
- stop
- in file TestResult.php, method PHPUnit_TestResult::stop()
Marks that the test run should stop.
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- tearDown
- in file TestCase.php, method PHPUnit_TestCase::tearDown()
Tears down the fixture, for example, close a network connection.
- testAt
- in file TestSuite.php, method PHPUnit_TestSuite::testAt()
Returns the test at the given index.
- testCount
- in file TestSuite.php, method PHPUnit_TestSuite::testCount()
Returns the number of tests in this suite.
- tests
- in file TestSuite.php, method PHPUnit_TestSuite::tests()
Returns the tests as an enumeration.
- thrownException
- in file TestFailure.php, method PHPUnit_TestFailure::thrownException()
Gets the thrown exception.
- toHTML
- in file TestResult.php, method PHPUnit_TestResult::toHTML()
Returns a HTML representation of the test result.
- toHtmlTable
- in file TestResult.php, method PHPUnit_TestResult::toHtmlTable()
Returns a Html colored Table representation of the test result.
- toString
- in file TestResult.php, method PHPUnit_TestResult::toString()
Returns a text representation of the test result.
- toString
- in file TestSuite.php, method PHPUnit_TestSuite::toString()
Returns a string representation of the test suite.
- toString
- in file TestFailure.php, method PHPUnit_TestFailure::toString()
Returns a short description of the failure.
- toString
- in file TestCase.php, method PHPUnit_TestCase::toString()
Returns a string representation of the test case.
- toString
- in file TestDecorator.php, method PHPUnit_TestDecorator::toString()
Returns a string representation of the test.
- TestCase.php
- procedural page TestCase.php
- TestDecorator.php
- procedural page TestDecorator.php
- TestFailure.php
- procedural page TestFailure.php
- TestListener.php
- procedural page TestListener.php
- TestResult.php
- procedural page TestResult.php
- TestSuite.php
- procedural page TestSuite.php
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|


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}Subscription upgrade confirmed.{% endblock %} {% block body %}
Subscription change OK, should be processed in a minute.
Cancel your old subscription now! {% endblock %}


Doctors say Tanveer Sait ready for discharge
‘His health has improved considerably’
by Special CorrespondentThe Congress MLA and former Minister Tanveer Sait’s health has improved considerably and he is ready for discharge.
“Barring some neurological issues, hoarse voice box and cut earlobe, he is doing perfectly fine and his health condition is good. All his health parameters are normal. He can be discharged whenever his family wants,” said Columbia Asia Hospital Medical Superintendent Upendra Shenoy.
Mr. Sait was shifted from the ICU to the ward recently. There has been a steady stream of visitors since he was hospitalised.
Two policemen have been deployed at the ward for security and nobody has been allowed to meet him without permission from the family.
Mr. Sait has expressed his gratitude to those who prayed for him when he was under treatment.
Meanwhile, the police investigation into the attack on him was under way and six persons, including the attacker Farhan Pasha, a handicraft artisan, have been arrested.


A collection of utility methods for working with XML.
Located in /common/src/Google/Api/Ads/Common/Util/XmlUtils.php (line 39)
Converts a DOMDocument to a stdClass object, where each element under the root node is a field. Atribute values are ignored.
Converts an object to a DOMDocument. The root element name is passed in as a parameter, and each field of the object becomes a child element. Array values are represented by multiples instances of that element. Methods on the object are ignored. There is no support for XML attributes.
Gets the DOMDocument of the $xml.
Gets the XML represenation of the document.
Caputures the warnings thrown by the loadXML function to create a proper DOMException.
Returns a pretty printed XML. If the XML cannot be loaded a string stripped of any newlines is returned.
Documentation generated by phpDocumentor 1.4.4


The background extends behind the border.
The background extends to the inside edge of the border.
The background extends only to the edge of the content box.
The background is clipped to the foreground text.


format_list_numbered1. Numbered list | Ctrl+Oformat_list_bulleted* Bullet list | Ctrl+U# Heading | Ctrl+H
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Riley Wray's Final Project
This is from the term selection under find courses on UNA's website. Currently it is a very long scroll list going back to 2000, with 3 entries per year. I have created a method in which someone could find an older term in an easier manner.
| Github | Link |
|---|---|
| Repo | https://github.com/RilWray/finalproject |


Get Involved with Princeton ACM
So you wanna get involved with us? Great — we'd love to have you on board!
If you’re a student:
The first step is to become a member by filling out this form. After that, see the world of opportunities for getting involved that opens up below! You’ll notice none of them require hard-and-fast qualifications or force you to go through an interview process. That’s because anyone, regardless of class year, major, opinion on Twilight, or anything else is always welcome. Click on a specific opportunity to learn more.
Note: An exclamation point next to an opportunity means that it is quite active at this time of the year, so there’s quite a high chance you’ll get to be involved. Have any questions or want to see other opportunities for involvement? Please contact us.
If you’re an organization:
We’d love to plan some amazing events with you! See below for some ideas — you can click on the individual sponsorship opportunities to learn more. Note that in general, we will charge an access fee to host an event with our students if your event involves any form of networking (see the sponsors) tab for more information. The best policy, as always, is to ask us if you still have questions!
Note: An exclamation point next to an opportunity means that it is quite active at this time of the year. As usual, please reach out if you have any other ideas for how our students and your organization can connect.


Home
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Anwar Ata Al-Hemaimat
Software Engineer
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How To Fix Apps Freezing And Crashing On iPhone
by Bogdana ZujicYou opened an app on your iPhone and it just crashed? We have all been there. The installation of apps on iOS is simple. You visit the App Store, find the app you want, and download it. A couple of seconds later, the app is ready to be used. Most of the time, the apps work like a charm but sometimes they may freeze or crash. Even the most popular applications out there can crash including Facebook, Snapchat, Instagram, Viber,iMessage, Skype, Pokemon Go, WhatsApp, Maps, etc. Apps freezing and crashing on the iPhone fall into the category of common issues. There are a few solutions to try and we are going to list them all so the apps on your iPhone can run smoothly again.
See also: How To Fix iPhone/iPad Won’t Connect To Wi-Fi
How to fix apps freezing and crashing on iPhone
Force an app to close
When we are listing the solutions for various iPhone issues, from Bluetooth to “No service”, we always start with the simplest ones. In this case, we suggest you to force an app to close. Sometimes, that is all you need. Follow the steps below:
- Tap on the Home button twice
- You will get a preview of the apps you have been using recently
- Swipe left or right and find the app that is freezing or crashing
- Swipe up to close it.
- Go back to the Home screen and launch the app again.
Note: If you have tons of apps that are not properly closed, do not close just the one that misbehaving. Close several apps.
What is cache data ? – Read
Soft reset
What’s next? A soft reset sounds good. By doing this, you will close all the processes and apps that are running in the background. Also, this will free up the memory. Clogged memory and too many applications that are running are among the main reasons why apps crashing on iPhone.
- Press the Home button and the Sleep/wake button at the same time
- Hold the buttons until you see the Apple logo.
Update the apps
If we compare iOS and Android, we may notice many differences. However, these operating systems function similarly, especially when it comes to apps. Even the solutions for apps freezing and crashing on Android and iPhone are similar. You need to make sure the applications on your smartphone are up to date. If one of the apps is constantly freezing or crashing, see if there is a new version of that app.
All you need to do is open the App Store, tap on Updates, and then decide if you want to update all of your apps or only the app that is misbehaving.
Free up the storage space
If you do not have enough free storage space, you may experience the problem with applications. It means it is the time for some cleaning. We all have the habit to keep tons of videos, photos, or songs on our devices, even though we backed it all up to our computers. Put some effort to free up the storage space on your iPhone. Delete the songs, videos and photos you no longer need. Once you solve the storage issue, see if the app is working fine.
Software update
You can fix a wide range of problems just by updating the software. When apps are not working properly, we think the fix for the problem must lie in the app itself. And that is true most of the times. But, we should not forget that the bug in the software can cause this problem too. Every new version of iOS comes with various improvements in terms of security and performance. It often introduces new features, but most importantly, it provides bug fixes.
Here is how to update the software:
- Connect to a Wi-Fi network
- Navigate to iPhone Settings
- Tap General > Software Update
- Tap Download and Install.
Reinstall the app
The next step to try is the reinstallation of the app. First, you need to delete an application from your iPhone. Once you are done, just open the App Store, download and install it again. To delete an app:
- Go to the Home screen
- Press and hold the icon of the app you want to delete
- The apps on the Home screen will jiggle
- You will see an X in the corner of every app that can be deleted (you can’t delete preinstalled applications)
- Tap on X and then tap Delete.
Now open the App Store and download the application again.
Erase all content and settings
Does nothing work? You can restore your iPhone to factory settings. If you are going to do this, make sure to backup your data because as the name of the option suggests, all your settings and data (including all your apps) will be deleted.
Before we show you the steps, keep in mind that sometimes, even this can’t solve the problem. If the app is poorly coded, after you step up your iPhone as new and download the app it will probably crash again. If that happens, delete the app from your iPhone and find the similar one.
Here is how to erase all content and settings:
- Go to Settings
- Tap General
- Next, tap Reset
- Tap Erase all content and settings
- Enter your passcode
- Tap Erase iPhone to confirm your action.
- Set up your iPhone as a new device.
What to do if popular apps such as Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, Pinterest, and others are freezing and crashing?
Most of the time, apps keep crashing on iPhone and Android for the same reason – they are poorly coded. However, this does not mean the popular applications used by millions of people worldwide always work smoothly.
We saw complaints such as “My Facebook app keeps crashing on iPhone”, or “WhatsApp keep crashing”, “Pinterest not working”, “Instagram app freezing and crashing”, and so on.
The key is to always have the latest version of the app. As soon as a new version becomes available, make sure to download and install it because it will come with bug fixes and new interesting features.
If you already have the latest version of the app or if you just updated and it still doesn’t work, you can follow the other steps listed in this article, such as:
- Force close an app and launch it again
- Perform a soft reset on your iPhone
- Update the software
- Reinstall the app.
What to do if apps keep crashing after iOS update?
The issue with apps may sometimes appear after iOS update. Here are several suggestions on what to do in that situation:
- First, give your device some time to settle after the update. Users often notice some problems, but they usually disappear after several hours or a day.
- Make sure you have enough free storage space on your iPhone.
- Update the applications.
- If possible, downgrade iOS.
If many users experience the same problem after installing the latest version of iOS, the next version will address the issues and it will bring bug fixes.
How to stop apps from crashing?
We are going to share a few simple tips on how to stop apps from crashing.
- Force close the apps. If you are using too many applications at once or if the apps are not properly closed, you will probably experience freezing and crashing issues.
- Update the applications regularly.
- When you are about to download an app from the App Store, read the comments of other users. If you see that many people complain saying the app keeps crashing, avoid installing that app.
These problems/solutions are found and effective on iPhone 4, iPhone 4s, iPhone 5, iPhone 5s, iPhone 5c, iPhone 6, iPhone 6 Plus, iPhone 6s, iPhone 6s Plus, iPhone SE, iPhone 7, and iPhone 7 Plus.
List Of Popular Apps That Crash A Lot.
Pokémon GO
Bitmoji Keyboard – Your Avatar Emoji
Poke Radar for Pokemon GO
Snapchat
Messenger
Dots & Co
Instagram
Google Maps
Facebook
YouTube
iTunes U
Talking Tom Gold Run
Uber
Pandora – Free Music & Radio
Spotify Music
Netflix
WhatsApp Messenger
Gmail – email from Google
slither.io
Pinterest
Twitter
Amazon App
Rolling Sky
Card Wars Kingdom
Egg, Inc.
musical.ly
Google app
Dictator: Emergence
Waze
100 Balls
Color Switch
Games
Skype for iPhone
Layout from Instagram
SoundCloud
Drop Out!
Kik
My Newborn Kitty – Fluffy Care
OfferUp
Polyforge
CSR Racing 2
Farm Heroes Super Saga
Chrome – web browser by Google
Subway Surfers
Yelp
Dropbox
Wish – Shopping Made Fun
My Talking Tom
Tinder


A Banshee is said to be a fairy in Irish legend and her scream is believed to be an omen of death. The scream is also called ‘caoine’ which means ‘keening’ and is a warning that there will be an imminent death in the family and as the Irish families blended over time, it is said that each family has its own Banshee!
A Banshee is a disembodied spirit and can appear in any of the following forms:
- A beautiful woman wearing a shroud- A pale woman in a white dress with long red hair
- A woman with a long silver dress and silver hair- A headless woman carrying a bowl of blood that is naked from the waist up
- An old woman with frightening red eyes, a green dress and long white hair- An old woman with a veil covering her face, dressed all in black with long grey hair
-The gentle and pensive maiden has the power to tame the unicorn, fresco, probably by Domenico Zampieri, c. 1602 (Palazzo Farnese, Rome)Grouping Mythology
-Similar creatures Pegasus, Qilin, Re'em, Indrik, Shadhavar, Camahueto, Karkadann Mythology Worldwide.Other name(s): Monocerus Of the Unicorn - The unicorn is a legendary creature that has been described since antiquity as a beast with a single large, pointed, spiraling horn projecting from its forehead.
- The unicorn was depicted in ancient seals of the Indus Valley Civilization and was mentioned by the ancient Greeks in accounts of natural history by various writers, incluing Ctesias, Strab , Pliny the Younger, and Aelian.- The Bible also describes an animal, the re'em, which some versions translate as unicorn.
Associated with the Sun, a phoenix obtains new life by arising from the ashes of its predecessor. According to some sources, the phoenix dies in a show of flames and combustion, although there are other sources that claim that the legendary bird dies and simply decomposes before being born again.


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| < Day Day Up > |
6.2 RAIDNobody likes to lose data. And since disks eventually die, often with little warning, it's wise to consider setting up a RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive[1] Disks) array on your database servers to prevent a disk failure from causing unplanned downtime and data loss. But there are many different types of RAID to consider: RAID 0, 1, 0+1, 5, and 10. And what about hardware RAID versus software RAID?
From a performance standpoint, some options are better than others. The faster ones will sacrifice something to gain that performance—usually price or durability. In all cases, the more disks you have, the better performance you'll get. Let's consider the benefits and drawbacks of each RAID option.[2]
Table 6-1 summarizes various RAID features.
6.2.1 Mix and MatchWhen deciding how to configure your disks, consider the possibility of multiple RAID arrays. RAID controllers aren't that expensive, so you might benefit from using RAID 5 or RAID 10 for your databases and a separate RAID 1 array for your transaction and replication logs. Some multichannel controllers can manage multiple arrays, and some can even bind several channel controllers together into a single controller to support more disks. Doing this isolates most of the serial disk I/O from most of the random, seek-intensive I/O. This is because transaction and replication logs are usually large files that are read from and written to in a serial manner, usually by a small number of threads. So it's not necessary to have a lot of spindles available to spread the seeks across. What's important is having sufficient bandwidth, and virtually any modern pair of disks can fill that role nicely. Meanwhile, the actual data and indexes are being read from and written to by many threads simultaneously in a fairly random manner. Having the extra spindles associated with RAID 10 will boost performance. Or, if you simply have too much data to fit on a single disk, RAID 5's ability to create large volumes works to your advantage. <IP_ADDRESS> Sample configurationTo make this more concrete, let's see what such a setup might look like with both InnoDB and MyISAM tables. It's entirely possible to move most of the files around and leave symlinks in the original locations (at least on Unix-based systems), but that can be a bit messy, and it's too easy to accidentally remove a symlink (or accidentally back up symlinks instead of actual data!). Instead, you can adjust the my.cnf file to put files where they belong. Let's assume you have a RAID 1 volume on which the following filesystems are mounted: /, /usr, and swap. You also have a RAID 5 (or RAID 10) filesystem mounted as /data. On this particular server, MySQL was installed from a binary tarball into /usr/local/mysql, making /usr/local/mysql/data the default data directory. The goal is to keep the InnoDB logs and replication logs on the RAID-1 volume, while moving everything else to /data. These my.cnf entries can accomplish that: datadir = /data/myisam log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/data/repl/bin-log innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:16386M;ibdata2:16385M innodb_data_home_dir = /data/ibdata innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data/iblog innodb_log_arch_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data/iblog These entries provide two top-level directories in /data for MySQL's data files: ibdata for the InnoDB data and myisam for the MyISAM files. All the logs remain in or below /usr/local/mysql/data on the RAID 1 volume. 6.2.2 Hardware Versus SoftwareSome operating systems can perform software RAID. Rather than buying a dedicated RAID controller, the operating system's kernel splits the I/O among multiple disks. Many users shy away from using these features because they've long been considered slow or buggy. In reality, software RAID is quite stable and performs rather well. The performance differences between hardware and software RAID tend not to be significant until they're under quite a bit of load. For smaller and medium-sized workloads, there's little discernible difference between them. Yes, the server's CPU must do a bit more work when using software RAID, but modern CPUs are so fast that the RAID operations consume a small fraction of the available CPU time. And, as we stressed earlier, the CPU is usually not the bottleneck in a database server anyway. Even with software RAID, you can use multiple disk controllers to achieve redundancy at the hardware level without actually paying for a RAID controller. In fact, some would argue that having two non-RAID controllers is better than a single RAID controller. You'll have twice the available I/O bandwidth and have eliminated a single point of failure if you use RAID 1 or 10 across them. Having said that, there is one thing that can be done with hardware RAID that simply can't be done in software: write caching. Many RAID controllers can add battery-backed RAM that caches reads and writes. Since there's a battery on the card, you don't need to worry about lost writes even when the power fails. If it does, the data stays in memory on the controller until the machine is powered back up. Most hardware RAID controllers can also read cache as well. 6.2.3 IDE or SCSI?It's a perpetual question: do you use IDE or SCSI disks for your server? A few years ago, the answer was easy: SCSI. But the issue is further muddied by the availability of faster IDE bus speeds and IDE RAID controllers from 3Ware and other vendors. For our purposes, Serial-ATA is the same as IDE. The traditional view is that SCSI is better than IDE in servers. While many people dismiss this argument, there's real merit to it when dealing with database servers. IDE disks handle requests in a sequential manner. If the CPU asks the disk to read four blocks from an inside track, followed by eight blocks from an outside track, then two more blocks from an inside track, the disk will do exactly what it's told; even if it's not the most efficient way to read all that data. SCSI disks have a feature known as Tagged Command Queuing (TCQ). TCQ allows the CPU to send several read/write requests to the disk at the same time. The disk controller then tries to find the optimal read/write pattern to minimize seeks. IDE also suffers from scaling problems; you can't use more than one drive per IDE channel without suffering a severe performance hit. Because most motherboards offer only four IDE channels at most, you're stuck with only four disks unless you add an additional controller. Worse yet, IDE has rather restrictive cable limits. With SCSI, you can typically add 7 or 14 disks before purchasing a new controller. Furthermore, the constant downward price pressure on hard disks has affected SCSI as much as IDE. On the other hand, SCSI disks still cost more than their IDE counterparts. When you're considering four or more disks, the price difference is significant enough that you might be able to purchase IDE disks and be able to afford another controller, possibly even an IDE RAID controller. Many MySQL users are quite happy using 3Ware IDE RAID controllers with 4-12 disks on them. It costs less than a SCSI option, and the performance is reasonably close to that of a high-end SCSI RAID controller. 6.2.4 RAID on SlavesAs we mentioned in the discussion of RAID 0, if you're using replication to create a cluster of slaves for your application, it's likely that you can save money on the slaves by using a different form of RAID. That means using a higher-performance configuration that doesn't provide redundancy (RAID 0), using fewer disks (RAID 5 instead of RAID 10), or using software rather than hardware RAID, for example. If you have enough slaves, you may not necessarily need the redundancy on the slaves. In the event that one slave suffers the loss of a disk, you can always synchronize it with another nearby slave to get it started again. |
| < Day Day Up > |


Online Hotel Reservation and Management System
Please enter your hotel's registration details in the form below.
Name of the hotel
Star ratings(If applicable)
One star
Two stars
Three stars
Four stars
Five stars
Address
City
contact number
E-mail address
Password
Confirm password
Zip file with photos of the hotel
Please select the files
I have read and accept the terms of the
user agreement
Submit
Next


Intense is an independent web design studio with a rich history. It started as a small family-owned business in Oakville, and has grown enough to successfully occupy two large buildings in two different cities.
Today Intense offers a full range of web design, app development and content marketing services, including building full-featured ecommerce websites and web startups with custom functionality.
Our team of professional analysts is constantly roaming the web in search of promising techniques, which will make your business better.
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|
| | Menu (int x, int y, int width, int height, string image_location, string image_root, int margin_x, int margin_y, int num_lines, int wrap_length, bool typewriter, float typewriter_delay, string font_path, int font_size, string font_color) |
| |
| | Menu (string image_location, string section, string name_root) |
| |
| void | setText (string text) |
| |
| void | setTextLines (vector< string > lines) |
| |
| void | setLineColor (int line, string color) |
| |
| void | draw () |
| |
| void | startTypewriter () |
| |
| void | finishTypewriter () |
| |
| bool | typewriterFinished () |
| |
| | ~Menu () |
| |
The Menu class holds a menu, ie, a background with printed text on it.
Primarily covered in blog posts:
None yet!
| Honey::Menu::Menu |
( |
int |
x, |
|
|
int |
y, |
|
|
int |
width, |
|
|
int |
height, |
|
|
string |
image_location, |
|
|
string |
image_root, |
|
|
int |
margin_x, |
|
|
int |
margin_y, |
|
|
int |
num_lines, |
|
|
int |
wrap_length, |
|
|
bool |
typewriter, |
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float |
typewriter_delay, |
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string |
font_path, |
|
|
int |
font_size, |
|
|
string |
font_color |
|
) |
| |
Public constructor. Makes one Menu.
Starting with image_file_root, Menu looks for nine component pictures. Let's say the location is "Art/" and the root is "gradient_menu". The constructor will load: Art/gradient_menu_border_top_left.png Art/gradient_menu_border_left.png Art/gradient_menu_border_bottom_left.png Art/gradient_menu_border_top.png Art/gradient_menu_center.png Art/gradient_menu_border_bottom.png Art/gradient_menu_border_top_right.png Art/gradient_menu_border_right.png Art/gradient_menu_border_bottom_right.png
It will then use these, and the width and height parameters, to fill an SDL surface, assuming these graphics fit together seamlessly, and that top, left, bottom, right, and center may be tiled as necessary.
- Parameters
-
| x | x coordinate of the menu on screen. |
| y | y coordinate of the menu on screen. |
| width | width of the menu. |
| height | height of the menu. |
| image_location | The location of menu image components. |
| image_root | The root name of a set of images. See comments above. |
| margin_x | x coordinate of text relative to menu top left. |
| margin_y | y coordinate of text relative to menu top left. |
| num_lines | number of lines of text allowed. |
| wrap_length | number of characters allowed before wrapping. |
| typewriter | boolean determinine whether menu text is animated one character at a time |
| typewriter_delay | typewriter delay in seconds per character. Keep it small! |
| font_path | OS valid path to a ttf font file (eg "Fonts/crayon.ttf"). |
| font_size | The size of the font. |
| font_color | A hex string color (eg "#FCFCFC") which will be the color of the text. |
- Returns
- a Menu.


node-triplesec
A CommonJS module for symmetric key encryption of smallish secrets
How to install
npm install triplesec
How to Use
One-shot Mode
{encrypt, decrypt} = require 'triplesec'
key = new Buffer 'top-secret-pw'
pt0 = new Buffer 'the secret!'
pt1 = new Buffer pt0
encrypt { key, data : pt1 }, (err, ciphertext) ->
decrypt { key, data : ciphertext }, (err, pt2) ->
console.log "Right back the start! #{pt0} is #{pt2}"
Reusable Derived Keys
The most expensive part of TripleSec is to derive keys from your given passphrase. This is intentionally so to make it more expensive to crack your password in the case that your ciphertext is stolen. However, you can spread this expense over multiple encryptions if you plan to be encrypting more than once:
{Encryptor, Decryptor} = require 'triplesec'
key = new Buffer 'top-secret-pw'
enc = new Encryptor { key }
dec = new Decryptor { key }
pt0 = new Buffer 'the secret!'
pt1 = new Buffer pt0
pt2 = new Buffer pt0
enc.run { data : pt1 }, (err, ct1) ->
enc.run { data : pt2 }, (err, ct2) ->
dec.run { data : ct1 }, (err, pt3) ->
dec.run { data : ct2 }, (err, pt4) ->
console.log "Right back the start! #{pt0} is #{pt3} is #{pt4}"
If you want to resalt derived keys with every encryption, you should explicitly ask for that. Otherwise, salt will be reused to speed up encryption (and decryption).
enc.run { data : pt1 }, (err, ct1) ->
enc.resalt {}, () ->
enc.run { data : pt2 }, (err, ct2) ->


|
swarmio
|
A service that uses a periodic background worker to perform its work. More...
#include <PeriodicService.h>
Protected Member Functions | |
| PeriodicService (Endpoint *endpoint, std::chrono::milliseconds period) | |
| Construct a new Periodic Service object. More... | |
| virtual void | MailboxWasConnected () noexcept override |
| Called when the mailbox is attached to an already running endpoint or if the attached endpoint has just started. More... | |
| virtual void | MailboxWillBeDisconnected () noexcept override |
| Called right before the mailbox is disconnected from its endpoint or if the attached endpoint is about to stop. More... | |
| virtual void | Update ()=0 |
| Called periodically to perform work. | |
| Protected Member Functions inherited from swarmio::Mailbox | |
| Mailbox () | |
| Construct a disconnected Mailbox. | |
| Mailbox (Endpoint *endpoint) | |
| Construct a new Mailbox object. More... | |
| void | FinishConstruction () |
| Called when the last constructor has finished its job. | |
| Mailbox (Mailbox &&other) | |
| Move a Mailbox object. | |
| void | FinishMovingTo (Mailbox *other) |
| Called when message handling should be passed onto the new instance. More... | |
Additional Inherited Members | |
| Public Member Functions inherited from swarmio::Mailbox | |
| Mailbox (const Mailbox &)=delete | |
| Remove copy constructor. | |
| Mailbox & | operator= (const Mailbox &)=delete |
| Remove assignment operator. More... | |
| virtual bool | ReceiveMessage (const Node *sender, const data::Message *message) |
| Delivery point of all messages. More... | |
| virtual void | NodeWasDiscovered (const Node *node) noexcept |
| Called when a new Node has been discovered. More... | |
| virtual void | NodeDidJoin (const Node *node) noexcept |
| Called when a new Node has joined the group. More... | |
| virtual void | NodeWillLeave (const Node *node) noexcept |
| Called when a Node signals that it will leave. More... | |
| virtual void | MailboxWasConnected () noexcept |
| Called when the mailbox is attached to an already running endpoint or if the attached endpoint has just started. More... | |
| virtual void | MailboxWillBeDisconnected () noexcept |
| Called right before the mailbox is disconnected from its endpoint or if the attached endpoint is about to stop. More... | |
| Endpoint * | GetEndpoint () |
| Get the associated Endpoint. More... | |
| virtual void | Disconnect () |
| Disconnect this Mailbox from the Endpoint. | |
| virtual | ~Mailbox () |
| Destroy the Mailbox object. | |
A service that uses a periodic background worker to perform its work.
|
inlineprotected |
Construct a new Periodic Service object.
| endpoint | Endpoint |
| period | Background worker period |
|
overrideprotectedvirtualnoexcept |
Called when the mailbox is attached to an already running endpoint or if the attached endpoint has just started.
Reimplemented from swarmio::Mailbox.
|
overrideprotectedvirtualnoexcept |
Called right before the mailbox is disconnected from its endpoint or if the attached endpoint is about to stop.
Reimplemented from swarmio::Mailbox.


Discover the benefits of data analytics and makebetter decisions regarding revenue, customerexperience, and overall efficiency.
companies
templates
queries


Gary Lineker reacts to Man United’s 3-3 draw with Sheff United
Spurs legend Gary Lineker reacts to Man United's 3-3 draw with Sheff United
by Social SpyGary Lineker praised Manchester United’s comeback on Twitter despite the visitors being denied a crucial win by Sheffield United’s added-time equaliser in a thrilling 3-3 draw.
The Red Devils made a poor start to the Premier League clash at Bramall Lane after John Fleck capitalised on a Phil Jones’ error to put the promoted side ahead in the 19th minute.
Sheffield United doubled the advantage in the second half when Lys Mousset found the net in the 52nd minute to leave Ole Gunnar Solskjaer contemplating successive away defeats.
However, Manchester United showed their fighting spirit when Brandon Williams halved the deficit with his debut goal for the club in the 72nd minute before another teenager Mason Greenwood levelled the Premier League clash in the 77th minute.
Marcus Rashford completed an incredible seven-minute spell for the visitors when he handed the visitors a narrow 3-2 lead with 11 minutes left to play.
But Manchester United were unable to cling on for victory after Oli McBurnie levelled for the home side in added time at the end of the game.
Former Spurs forward Lineker hailed Manchester United’s incredible comeback after Rashford’s goal.
Lineker wrote on Twitter: “Wow! What a turnaround that is. Football eh.”
But it wasn’t long before the Match Of The Day pundit was on Twitter again to reflect on the six-goal thriller.
He posted after full-time: “3-3. McBonkers.”
Sheffield United remain a point ahead of Manchester United thanks to their dramatic equaliser at Bramall Lane.
The Red Devils have only managed to win one of their last four Premier League games to leave Solskjaer’s side nine points behind Chelsea FC in fourth spot.


The functions documented on this page allow users to access geographic database functions to be used in annotations, aggregations, or filters in Django.
Example:
>>> from django.contrib.gis.db.models.functions import Length
>>> Track.objects.annotate(length=Length('line')).filter(length__gt=100)
Not all backends support all functions, so refer to the documentation of each
function to see if your database backend supports the function you want to use.
If you call a geographic function on a backend that doesn’t support it, you’ll
get a NotImplementedError
exception.
Function’s summary:
| Measurement | Relationships | Operations | Editors | Output format | Miscellaneous |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Area |
Azimuth |
Difference |
ForcePolygonCW |
AsGeoJSON |
IsValid |
Distance |
BoundingCircle |
Intersection |
ForceRHR |
AsGML |
MemSize |
Length |
Centroid |
SymDifference |
MakeValid |
AsKML |
NumGeometries |
Perimeter |
Envelope |
Union |
Reverse |
AsSVG |
NumPoints |
LineLocatePoint |
Scale |
GeoHash |
|||
PointOnSurface |
SnapToGrid |
||||
Transform |
|||||
Translate |
Area
¶Area
(expression, **extra)¶Availability: MySQL, Oracle, PostGIS, SpatiaLite
Accepts a single geographic field or expression and returns the area of the
field as an Area
measure.
MySQL and SpatiaLite without LWGEOM don’t support area calculations on geographic SRSes.
AsGeoJSON
¶AsGeoJSON
(expression, bbox=False, crs=False, precision=8, **extra)¶Availability: MySQL (≥ 5.7.5), PostGIS, SpatiaLite
Accepts a single geographic field or expression and returns a GeoJSON representation of the geometry. Note that the result is
not a complete GeoJSON structure but only the geometry
key content of a
GeoJSON structure. See also GeoJSON Serializer.
Example:
>>> City.objects.annotate(json=AsGeoJSON('point')).get(name='Chicago').json
{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-87.65018,41.85039]}
| Keyword Argument | Description |
|---|---|
bbox |
Set this to True if you want the bounding box
to be included in the returned GeoJSON. |
crs |
Set this to True if you want the coordinate
reference system to be included in the returned
GeoJSON. Ignored on MySQL. |
precision |
It may be used to specify the number of significant digits for the coordinates in the GeoJSON representation – the default value is 8. |
AsGML
¶AsGML
(expression, version=2, precision=8, **extra)¶Availability: Oracle, PostGIS, SpatiaLite
Accepts a single geographic field or expression and returns a Geographic Markup Language (GML) representation of the geometry.
Example:
>>> qs = Zipcode.objects.annotate(gml=AsGML('poly'))
>>> print(qs[0].gml)
<gml:Polygon srsName="EPSG:4326"><gml:OuterBoundaryIs>-147.78711,70.245363 ...
-147.78711,70.245363</gml:OuterBoundaryIs></gml:Polygon>
| Keyword Argument | Description |
|---|---|
precision |
Specifies the number of significant digits for the coordinates in the GML representation – the default value is 8. Ignored on Oracle. |
version |
Specifies the GML version to use: 2 (default) or 3. |
AsKML
¶AsKML
(expression, precision=8, **extra)¶Availability: PostGIS, SpatiaLite
Accepts a single geographic field or expression and returns a Keyhole Markup Language (KML) representation of the geometry.
Example:
>>> qs = Zipcode.objects.annotate(kml=AsKML('poly'))
>>> print(qs[0].kml)
<Polygon><outerBoundaryIs><LinearRing><coordinates>-103.04135,36.217596,0 ...
-103.04135,36.217596,0</coordinates></LinearRing></outerBoundaryIs></Polygon>
| Keyword Argument | Description |
|---|---|
precision |
This keyword may be used to specify the number of significant digits for the coordinates in the KML representation – the default value is 8. |
AsSVG
¶AsSVG
(expression, relative=False, precision=8, **extra)¶Availability: PostGIS, SpatiaLite
Accepts a single geographic field or expression and returns a Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) representation of the geometry.
| Keyword Argument | Description |
|---|---|
relative |
If set to True , the path data will be implemented
in terms of relative moves. Defaults to False ,
meaning that absolute moves are used instead. |
precision |
This keyword may be used to specify the number of significant digits for the coordinates in the SVG representation – the default value is 8. |
Azimuth
¶Azimuth
(point_a, point_b, **extra)¶Availability: PostGIS, SpatiaLite (LWGEOM)
Returns the azimuth in radians of the segment defined by the given point
geometries, or None
if the two points are coincident. The azimuth is angle
referenced from north and is positive clockwise: north = 0
; east = π/2
;
south = π
; west = 3π/2
.
BoundingCircle
¶BoundingCircle
(expression, num_seg=48, **extra)¶Accepts a single geographic field or expression and returns the smallest circle polygon that can fully contain the geometry.
The num_seg
parameter is used only on PostGIS.
Centroid
¶Centroid
(expression, **extra)¶Availability: MySQL, PostGIS, Oracle, SpatiaLite
Accepts a single geographic field or expression and returns the centroid
value of the geometry.
Difference
¶Difference
(expr1, expr2, **extra)¶Availability: MySQL, PostGIS, Oracle, SpatiaLite
Accepts two geographic fields or expressions and returns the geometric difference, that is the part of geometry A that does not intersect with geometry B.
Distance
¶Distance
(expr1, expr2, spheroid=None, **extra)¶Availability: MySQL, PostGIS, Oracle, SpatiaLite
Accepts two geographic fields or expressions and returns the distance between
them, as a Distance
object. On MySQL, a raw
float value is returned when the coordinates are geodetic.
On backends that support distance calculation on geodetic coordinates, the proper backend function is automatically chosen depending on the SRID value of the geometries (e.g. ST_DistanceSphere on PostGIS).
When distances are calculated with geodetic (angular) coordinates, as is the
case with the default WGS84 (4326) SRID, you can set the spheroid
keyword
argument to decide if the calculation should be based on a simple sphere (less
accurate, less resource-intensive) or on a spheroid (more accurate, more
resource-intensive).
In the following example, the distance from the city of Hobart to every other
PointField
in the AustraliaCity
queryset is calculated:
>>> from django.contrib.gis.db.models.functions import Distance
>>> pnt = AustraliaCity.objects.get(name='Hobart').point
>>> for city in AustraliaCity.objects.annotate(distance=Distance('point', pnt)):
... print(city.name, city.distance)
Wollongong<PHONE_NUMBER>08 m
Shellharbour<PHONE_NUMBER>41 m
Thirroul 1002334.36351 m
...
Note
Because the distance
attribute is a
Distance
object, you can easily express
the value in the units of your choice. For example, city.distance.mi
is
the distance value in miles and city.distance.km
is the distance value
in kilometers. See Measurement Objects for usage details and the list of
Supported units.
Envelope
¶Envelope
(expression, **extra)¶Availability: MySQL, Oracle, PostGIS, SpatiaLite
Accepts a single geographic field or expression and returns the geometry representing the bounding box of the geometry.
Oracle support was added.
ForcePolygonCW
¶ForcePolygonCW
(expression, **extra)¶Availability: PostGIS, SpatiaLite
Accepts a single geographic field or expression and returns a modified version of the polygon/multipolygon in which all exterior rings are oriented clockwise and all interior rings are oriented counterclockwise. Non-polygonal geometries are returned unchanged.
ForceRHR
¶ForceRHR
(expression, **extra)¶Deprecated since version 2.1: Use ForcePolygonCW
instead.
Availability: PostGIS
Accepts a single geographic field or expression and returns a modified version of the polygon/multipolygon in which all of the vertices follow the right-hand rule.
GeoHash
¶GeoHash
(expression, precision=None, **extra)¶Availability: MySQL (≥ 5.7.5), PostGIS, SpatiaLite (LWGEOM)
Accepts a single geographic field or expression and returns a GeoHash representation of the geometry.
The precision
keyword argument controls the number of characters in the
result.
Intersection
¶Intersection
(expr1, expr2, **extra)¶Availability: MySQL, PostGIS, Oracle, SpatiaLite
Accepts two geographic fields or expressions and returns the geometric intersection between them.
IsValid
¶IsValid
(expr)¶Availability: MySQL (≥ 5.7.5), PostGIS, Oracle, SpatiaLite (LWGEOM)
Accepts a geographic field or expression and tests if the value is well formed.
Returns True
if its value is a valid geometry and False
otherwise.
Length
¶Length
(expression, spheroid=True, **extra)¶Availability: MySQL, Oracle, PostGIS, SpatiaLite
Accepts a single geographic linestring or multilinestring field or expression
and returns its length as a Distance
measure.
On PostGIS and SpatiaLite, when the coordinates are geodetic (angular), you can
specify if the calculation should be based on a simple sphere (less
accurate, less resource-intensive) or on a spheroid (more accurate, more
resource-intensive) with the spheroid
keyword argument.
MySQL doesn’t support length calculations on geographic SRSes.
LineLocatePoint
¶LineLocatePoint
(linestring, point, **extra)¶Availability: PostGIS, SpatiaLite
Returns a float between 0 and 1 representing the location of the closest point on
linestring
to the given point
, as a fraction of the 2D line length.
MakeValid
¶MakeValid
(expr)¶Availability: PostGIS, SpatiaLite (LWGEOM)
Accepts a geographic field or expression and attempts to convert the value into a valid geometry without losing any of the input vertices. Geometries that are already valid are returned without changes. Simple polygons might become a multipolygon and the result might be of lower dimension than the input.
MemSize
¶MemSize
(expression, **extra)¶Availability: PostGIS
Accepts a single geographic field or expression and returns the memory size (number of bytes) that the geometry field takes.
NumGeometries
¶NumGeometries
(expression, **extra)¶Availability: MySQL, PostGIS, Oracle, SpatiaLite
Accepts a single geographic field or expression and returns the number of
geometries if the geometry field is a collection (e.g., a GEOMETRYCOLLECTION
or MULTI*
field). Returns 1 for single geometries.
On MySQL, returns None
for single geometries.
NumPoints
¶NumPoints
(expression, **extra)¶Availability: MySQL, PostGIS, Oracle, SpatiaLite
Accepts a single geographic field or expression and returns the number of points in a geometry.
On MySQL, returns None
for any non-LINESTRING
geometry.
Perimeter
¶Perimeter
(expression, **extra)¶Availability: PostGIS, Oracle, SpatiaLite
Accepts a single geographic field or expression and returns the perimeter of the
geometry field as a Distance
object.
PointOnSurface
¶PointOnSurface
(expression, **extra)¶Availability: PostGIS, Oracle, SpatiaLite
Accepts a single geographic field or expression and returns a Point
geometry
guaranteed to lie on the surface of the field; otherwise returns None
.
Reverse
¶Reverse
(expression, **extra)¶Availability: PostGIS, Oracle, SpatiaLite
Accepts a single geographic field or expression and returns a geometry with reversed coordinates.
Scale
¶Scale
(expression, x, y, z=0.0, **extra)¶Availability: PostGIS, SpatiaLite
Accepts a single geographic field or expression and returns a geometry with
scaled coordinates by multiplying them with the x
, y
, and optionally
z
parameters.
SnapToGrid
¶SnapToGrid
(expression, *args, **extra)¶Availability: PostGIS, SpatiaLite
Accepts a single geographic field or expression and returns a geometry with all points snapped to the given grid. How the geometry is snapped to the grid depends on how many numeric (either float, integer, or long) arguments are given.
| Number of Arguments | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | A single size to snap both the X and Y grids to. |
| 2 | X and Y sizes to snap the grid to. |
| 4 | X, Y sizes and the corresponding X, Y origins. |
SymDifference
¶SymDifference
(expr1, expr2, **extra)¶Availability: MySQL, PostGIS, Oracle, SpatiaLite
Accepts two geographic fields or expressions and returns the geometric symmetric difference (union without the intersection) between the given parameters.
Transform
¶Transform
(expression, srid, **extra)¶Availability: PostGIS, Oracle, SpatiaLite
Accepts a geographic field or expression and a SRID integer code, and returns
the transformed geometry to the spatial reference system specified by the
srid
parameter.
Note
What spatial reference system an integer SRID corresponds to may depend on the spatial database used. In other words, the SRID numbers used for Oracle are not necessarily the same as those used by PostGIS.
Oct 01, 2019


Basic Modal
Modals are streamlined, but flexible, dialog prompts with the minimum required functionality and smart defaults.
Grid System
To take advantage of the Bootstrap grid system within a modal, just
nest .row
s within the .modal-body
and then
use the normal grid system classes.
Large Modal
Modals have large optional size, available by adding
.modal-lg
class on a .modal-dialog
.
Modal based on trigger button
Small Modal
Modals have small optional size, available by adding
.modal-sm
class on a .modal-dialog
.


IPCRM
Section: Linux Programmer's Manual (1)Updated: last change: 19 March 2002
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
ipcrm - remove a message queue, semaphore set or shared memory idSYNOPSIS
ipcrm [ -M key | -m id | -Q key | -q id | -S key | -s id ] ...deprecated usage
DESCRIPTION
ipcrm removes System V interprocess communication (IPC) objects and associated data structures from the system. In order to delete such objects, you must be superuser, or the creator or owner of the object.System V IPC objects are of three types: shared memory, message queues, and semaphores. Deletion of a message queue or semaphore object is immediate (regardless of whether any process still holds an IPC identifier for the object). A shared memory object is only removed after all currently attached processes have detached (shmdt(2)) the object from their virtual address space.
Two syntax styles are supported. The old Linux historical syntax specifies a three letter keyword indicating which class of object is to be deleted, followed by one or more IPC identifiers for objects of this type.
The SUS-compliant syntax allows the specification of zero or more objects of all three types in a single command line, with objects specified either by key or by identifier. (See below.) Both keys and identifiers may be specified in decimal, hexadecimal (specified with an initial '0x' or '0X'), or octal (specified with an initial '0').
OPTIONS
- -M shmkey
- removes the shared memory segment created with shmkey after the last detach is performed.
- -m shmid
- removes the shared memory segment identified by shmid after the last detach is performed.
- -Q msgkey
- removes the message queue created with msgkey.
- -q msgid
- removes the message queue identified by msgid.
- -S semkey
- removes the semaphore created with semkey.
- -s semid
- removes the semaphore identified by semid.
The details of the removes are described in msgctl(2), shmctl(2), and semctl(2). The identifiers and keys may be found by using ipcs(1).
NOTES
In its first Linux implementation, ipcrm used the deprecated syntax shown in the SYNOPSIS. Functionality present in other *nix implementations of ipcrm has since been added, namely the ability to delete resources by key (not just identifier), and to respect the same command-line syntax. For backward compatibility the previous syntax is still supported.SEE ALSO
ipcs(1), ipcmk(1), msgctl(2), msgget(2), semctl(2), semget(2), shmctl(2), shmdt(2), shmget(2), ftok(3)AVAILABILITY
The ipcrm command is part of the util-linux-ng package and is available from ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux-ng/.
Index
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:29:05 GMT, December 24, 2015


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The Pitch Bend message isn't used for the usual pitch bend control, lever 2. This is because Pitch Bend is supposed to be scaled not by a program parameter but by {_RPN} 0,0. The MIDI inputs do support Pitch Bend and RPN 0,0, but the resulting bend value is added to the output of both glide generators, rather than being treated as a general modulation source.
If an explicit {MIDI_polyphonic_controls Note Select} control is used to address Pitch Bend to a specific note, the range comes from an RPN 0,0 whose Data MSB is also preceded by a Note Select control. The latter note number is ignored; there is only one range for poly controls, and one range for mono controls, and the two differently scaled values are added together. This is different from all other polyphonic controls, which are overridden if a mono control is received.
When MPE is enabled, the master Pitch Bend is scaled by RPN 0,0 received on the master channel, the individual Pitch Bend is scaled by RPN 0,0 received on any member channel, and the two are added together, as required by the MPE specification. Any other control received on the master channel overrides the same control received on any member channel, rather than adding to it.