Everything You Need To Know About Relational Databases, SQL, PostgreSQL and Sequelize To Build Your Backend!
For Front end developers who like myself struggle with making the jump to fullstack.
You can access and query the data using the findByPk, findOne, and findAll methods.
Terminology:
RDBMS and Database Entities
Define what a relational database management system is
Describe what relational data is
Define what a database is
Define what a database table is
Describe the purpose of a primary key
Describe the purpose of a foreign key
Describe how to properly name things in PostgreSQL
Connect to an instance of PostgreSQL with the command line tool psql
Identify whether a user is a normal user or a superuser by the prompt in the psql shell
Create a user for the relational database management system
Create a database in the database management system
Configure a database so that only the owner (and superusers) can connect to it
View a list of databases in an installation of PostgreSQL
Create tables in a database
CREATE TABLE {table name} (
{columnA} {typeA},
{columnB} {typeB},
etc...
);
View a list of tables in a database
Identify and describe the common data types used in PostgreSQL
Describe the purpose of the UNIQUE and NOT NULL constraints, and create columns in database tables that have them
CREATE TABLE pets (
id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(255) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
age SMALLINT
);
Create a primary key for a table
CREATE TABLE people (
id SERIAL,
first_name VARCHAR(50),
last_name VARCHAR(50),
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
CREATE TABLE people (
id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
first_name VARCHAR(50),
last_name VARCHAR(50)
);
Create foreign key constraints to relate tables
CREATE TABLE people (
id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
first_name VARCHAR(50),
last_name VARCHAR(50)
);
CREATE TABLE pets (
id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(255),
age SMALLINT,
person_id INTEGER,
FOREIGN KEY (person_id) REFERENCES people (id)
);
SQL is not case sensitive for its keywords but is for its entity names
SQL
1. How to use the SELECT ... FROM ... statement to select data from a single table
-- Selects all columns from the friends table
SELECT
*
FROM
friends;
-- Selects the first_name column from the
friends table (remember whitespace is ignored)
SELECT name
FROM friends;
-- Notice here we are indicating that we want
the "name" field from the "friends" table as well as the
"name" field from the "puppies" table. We indicate the
table name by table.column
-- We are also aliasing these fields with the AS keyword so that our returned
results have friend_name and puppy_name as field headers
SELECT
friends.name AS friend_name , puppies.name AS puppy_name
FROM
friends
JOIN
puppies ON friends.puppy_id = puppies.id
How to use the WHERE clause on SELECT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements to narrow the scope of the command
How to use the JOIN keyword to join two (or more) tables together into a single virtual table
-- Here we are joining the puppies table on
to the friends table. We are specifying that the comparison we should make is
the foreign key puppy_id on the friends table should line up with the primary
key id on the puppies table.
SELECT
*
FROM
friends
JOIN
puppies ON friends.puppy_id = puppies.id
How to use the INSERT statement to insert data into a table
-- We are providing the table name, then
multiple records to insert
-- The values are listed in the order that they are defined on the table
INSERT INTO table_name
VALUES
(column1_value, colum2_value, column3_value),
(column1_value, colum2_value, column3_value),
(column1_value, colum2_value, column3_value);
-- In this example, we want to use the
default value for id since it is autoincremented, so we provide DEFAULT for
this field
INSERT INTO friends (id, first_name, last_name)
VALUES
(DEFAULT, 'Amy', 'Pond');
-- Alternatively, we can leave it out
completely, since the default value will be used if none is provided
INSERT INTO friends (first_name, last_name)
VALUES
('Rose', 'Tyler'),
('Martha', 'Jones'),
('Donna', 'Noble'),
('River', 'Song');
How to use an UPDATE statement to update data in a table
-- Updates the pet with id of 4 to change
their name and breed
UPDATE
pets
SET
(name, breed) = ('Floofy', 'Fluffy Dog Breed') WHERE id = 4;
How to use a DELETE statement to remove data from a table
-- Deletes from the pets table any record
that either has a name Floofy, a name Doggo, or an id of 3.
DELETE FROM
pets
WHERE
name IN ('Floofy', 'Doggo') OR id = 3;
How to use a seed file to populate data in a database
SQL (continued)
How to perform relational database design
How to use transactions to group multiple SQL commands into one succeed or fail operation
BEGIN;
UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - 100.00
WHERE name = 'Alice';
UPDATE branches SET balance = balance - 100.00
WHERE name = (SELECT branch_name FROM accounts WHERE name = 'Alice');
UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + 100.00
WHERE name = 'Bob';
UPDATE branches SET balance = balance + 100.00
WHERE name = (SELECT branch_name FROM accounts WHERE name = 'Bob');
COMMIT;
BEGIN;
EXPLAIN ANALYZE
UPDATE cities
SET city = 'New York City'
WHERE city = 'New York';
ROLLBACK;
How to apply indexes to tables to improve performance
CREATE INDEX index_name ON table_name (column_name);
DROP INDEX index_name
Explain what the EXPLAIN command is used for:
1. Demonstrate how to install and use the node-postgres library and its Pool class to query a PostgreSQL-managed database
const { Pool } = require('pg');
// If we need to specify a username,
password, or database, we can do so when we create a Pool instance, otherwise
the default values for logging in to psql are used:
const pool = new Pool({ username: '<<username>>', password:
'<<password>>', database: '<<database>>'})
const allAirportsSql = `
SELECT id, city_id, faa_id, name
FROM airports;
`;
async function selectAllAirports() {
const results = await pool.query(allAirportsSql);
console.log(results.rows);
pool.end(); // invoking end() will close our connection to the database
}
selectAllAirports();
Explain how to write prepared statements with placeholders for parameters of the form “$1”, “$2”, and so on
const airportsByNameSql = `
SELECT name, faa_id
FROM airports
WHERE UPPER(name) LIKE UPPER($1)
`;
async function selectAirportsByName(name) {
const results = await pool.query(airportsByNameSql, [ `%${name}%` ]);
console.log(results.rows);
pool.end(); // invoking end() will close our connection to the database
}
// Get the airport name from the command line
and store it
// in the variable "name". Pass that value to the
// selectAirportsByName function.
const name = process.argv[2];
// console.log(name);
selectAirportsByName(name);
ORM
1. How to install, configure, and use Sequelize, an ORM for JavaScript
{
"development": {
"username": "sequelize_recipe_box_app",
"password": "HfKfK79k",
"database": "recipe_box_development",
"host": "<IP_ADDRESS>",
"dialect": "postgres",
"seederStorage": "sequelize"
},
"test": {
"username": "sequelize_recipe_box_app",
"password": "HfKfK79k",
"database": "recipe_box_test",
"host": "<IP_ADDRESS>",
"dialect": "postgres",
"seederStorage": "sequelize"
},
"production": {
"username": "sequelize_recipe_box_app",
"password": "HfKfK79k",
"database": "recipe_box_production",
"host": "<IP_ADDRESS>",
"dialect": "postgres",
"seederStorage": "sequelize"
}
}
1. How to use database migrations to make your database grow with your application in a source-control enabled way
Migrations
Models — Validations and Associations
// Before we make changes, sequelize
generates the type that this field represents specification:
DataTypes.TEXT
// We can replace the generated format with an object to specify not only the
type, but the validations that we want to implement. The validations can also
take in messages the respond with on failure and arguments.
specification: {
type: DataTypes.TEXT,
validate: {
notEmpty: {
msg: 'The specification cannot be empty'
},
len: {
args: [ 10, 100 ]
msg: 'The specifcation must be between 10 and 100 characters'
}
}
}
// In our Owner model
// To connect this Owner to a Pet through the PetOwner
const columnMapping = {
through: 'PetOwner',
// joins table
otherKey: 'petId',
// key that connects to other table we have a many association with foreignKey: 'ownerId'
// our foreign key in the joins table
}
Owner.belongsToMany( models.Pet, columnMapping );
// In our Pet model
// To connect this Pet to an Owner through the PetOwner
const columnMapping = { through: 'PetOwner',
// joins table
otherKey: 'ownerId',
// key that connects to other table we have a many association with
foreignKey: 'petId'
// our foreign key in the joins table
}
Pet.belongsToMany( models.Owner, columnMapping );
How to perform CRUD operations with Sequelize
up: ( queryInterface, Sequelize ) => {
return queryInterface.bulkInsert( '<<TableName>>', [ {
field1: value1a,
field2: value2a
}, {
field1: value1b,
field2: value2b
}, {
field1: value1c,
field2: value2c
} ] );
}
// If we want to specify what to remove:
down: (queryInterface, Sequelize) => {
return queryInterface.bulkDelete('<<TableName>>', {
field1: [value1a, value1b, value1c], //...etc.
});
};
// If we want to remove everything from the table:
down: (queryInterface, Sequelize) => {
return queryInterface.bulkDelete('<<TableName>>', null, {});
};
// Constructs an instance of the JavaScript `Cat` class. **Does not
// save anything to the database yet**. Attributes are passed in as a
// POJO.
const newCat = Cat.build( {
firstName: 'Markov',
specialSkill: 'sleeping',
age: 5
} );
// This actually creates a new `Cats` record in the database. We must
// wait for this asynchronous operation to succeed.
await newCat.save();
// This builds and saves all in one step. If we don't need to perform any operations on the instance before saving it, this can optimize our code.
const newerCat = await Cat.create( {
firstName: 'Whiskers',
specialSkill: 'sleeping',
age: 2
} )
Updating Records
Deleting Records
How to query using Sequelize
findAll
const cats = await Cat.findAll();
// Log the fetched cats.
// The extra arguments to stringify are a replacer and a space respectively
// Here we're specifying a space of 2 in order to print more legibly
// We don't want a replacer, so we pass null just so that we can pass a 3rd argument
console.log( JSON.stringify( cats, null, 2 ) );
WHERE clause
OR in the WHERE clause
{ where: { field: [value1, value2] } => WHERE field IN (value1, value2)
const cats = await Cat.findAll({ where: { firstName: ["Markov", "Curie"] } });
console.log(JSON.stringify(cats, null, 2));
AND in the WHERE clause
const cats = await Cat.findAll( {
where: {
firstName: "Markov",
age: 4
}
} );
console.log( JSON.stringify( cats, null, 2 ) );
const cats = await Cat.findAll( {
where: {
firstName: {
// All cats where the name is not equal to "Markov"
// We use brackets in order to evaluate Op.ne and use the value as the
key
[ Op.ne ]: "Markov"
},
},
} );
console.log( JSON.stringify( cats, null, 2 ) );
const cats = await Cat.findAll({ where: { // The array that Op.and points to must all be true // Here, we find cats where the name is not "Markov" and the age is 4 [Op.and]: [ { firstName: { [Op.ne]: "Markov" } }, { age: 4 }, ], }, }); console.log(JSON.stringify(cats, null, 2));
const cats = await Cat.findAll({ where: { // One condition in the array that Op.or points to must be true // Here, we find cats where the name is "Markov" or where the age is 4 [Op.or]: [ { firstName: "Markov" }, { age: 4 }, ], }, }); console.log(JSON.stringify(cats, null, 2));
Op.gt and Op.lt: greater than and less than operators
const cats = await Cat.findAll({ where: { // Find all cats where the age is greater than 4 age: { [Op.gt]: 4 }, } }, }); console.log(JSON.stringify(cats, null, 2));
// Get a reference to the cat record that we
want to update (here just the cat with primary key of 1)
const cat = await Cat.findByPk( 1 );
// Change cat's attributes.
cat.firstName = "Curie";
cat.specialSkill = "jumping";
cat.age = 123;
// Save the new name to the database.
await cat.save();
const cats = await Cat.findAll( {
order: [
[ "age", "DESC" ]
],
// Here we are limiting our results to one record. It will still return
an array, just with one object inside. We could have said any number here, the
result is always an array. limit: 1, });
console.log( JSON.stringify( cats, null, 2 ) );
We can include associated data by adding an include key to our options object
We can get nested associations by having include point to an object that specifies which model we have an association with, then chaining an association on with another include
How to perform data validations with Sequelize
specification: {
type: DataTypes.TEXT,
validate: {
notEmpty: {
msg: 'The specification cannot be empty'
},
len: {
args: [10, 100]
msg: 'The specifcation must be between 10 and 100 characters'
}
}
}
How to use transactions with Sequelize
async function main() {
try {
// Do all database access within the transaction.
await sequelize.transaction(async (tx) => {
// Fetch Markov and Curie's accounts.
const markovAccount = await BankAccount.findByPk(
1, { transaction: tx },
);
const curieAccount = await BankAccount.findByPk(
2, { transaction: tx }
);
// No one can mess with Markov or
Curie's accounts until the
// transaction completes! The account data has been locked!
// Increment Curie's balance by $5,000.
curieAccount.balance += 5000;
await curieAccount.save({ transaction: tx });
// Decrement Markov's balance by
$5,000.
markovAccount.balance -= 5000;
await markovAccount.save({ transaction: tx });
});
} catch (err) {
// Report if anything goes wrong.
console.log("Error!");
for (const e of err.errors) {
console.log(
`${e.instance.clientName}: ${e.message}`
);
}
}
await sequelize.close();
}
main();
SEQUELIZE CHEAT SHEET
In this tutorial you will learn to make a simple setup of Sequelize.
Sequelize is available via npm (or yarn).
npm install --save sequelize
You'll also have to manually install the driver for your database of choice:
# One of the following:
$ npm install --save pg pg-hstore # Postgres
$ npm install --save mysql2
$ npm install --save mariadb
$ npm install --save sqlite3
$ npm install --save tedious # Microsoft SQL Server
To connect to the database, you must create a Sequelize instance. This can be done by either passing the connection parameters separately to the Sequelize constructor or by passing a single connection URI:
const { Sequelize } = require('sequelize');
// Option 1: Passing a connection URI
const sequelize = new Sequelize('sqlite::memory:') // Example for sqlite
const sequelize = new Sequelize('postgres://user:pass@example.com:5432/dbname') // Example for postgres
// Option 2: Passing parameters separately (sqlite)
const sequelize = new Sequelize({
dialect: 'sqlite',
storage: 'path/to/database.sqlite'
});
// Option 2: Passing parameters separately (other dialects)
const sequelize = new Sequelize('database', 'username', 'password', {
host: 'localhost',
dialect: /* one of 'mysql' | 'mariadb' | 'postgres' | 'mssql' */
});
The Sequelize constructor accepts a lot of options. They are documented in the API Reference.
You can use the .authenticate()
function
to test if the connection is OK:
try {
await sequelize.authenticate();
console.log('Connection has been established successfully.');
} catch (error) {
console.error('Unable to connect to the database:', error);
}
Sequelize will keep the connection open by default, and use the
same connection for all queries. If you need to close the connection, call sequelize.close()
(which
is asynchronous and returns a Promise).
Observe that, in the examples above, Sequelize
refers
to the library itself while sequelize
refers to an
instance of Sequelize, which represents a connection to one database. This is
the recommended convention and it will be followed throughout the
documentation.
You are encouraged to run code examples locally while reading the Sequelize docs. This will help you learn faster. The easiest way to do this is using the SQLite dialect:
const { Sequelize, Op, Model, DataTypes } = require("sequelize");
const sequelize = new Sequelize("sqlite::memory:");
// Code here! It works!
To experiment with the other dialects, which are harder to setup locally, you can use the Sequelize SSCCE GitHub repository, which allows you to run code on all supported dialects directly from GitHub, for free, without any setup!
If you are starting a project from scratch, and your database does not exist yet, Sequelize can be used since the beginning in order to automate the creation of every table in your database.
Also, if you want to use Sequelize to connect to a database that is already filled with tables and data, that works as well! Sequelize has got you covered in both cases.
By default, Sequelize will log to console every SQL query it
performs. The options.logging
option can
be used to customize this behavior, by defining the function that gets executed
every time Sequelize would log something. The default value is console.log
and
when using that only the first log parameter of log function call is displayed.
For example, for query logging the first parameter is the raw query and the
second (hidden by default) is the Sequelize object.
Common useful values for options.logging
:
const sequelize = new Sequelize('sqlite::memory:', {
// Choose one of the logging options
logging: console.log, // Default, displays the first parameter of the log function call
logging: (...msg) => console.log(msg), // Displays all log function call parameters
logging: false, // Disables logging
logging: msg => logger.debug(msg), // Use custom logger (e.g. Winston or Bunyan), displays the first parameter
logging: logger.debug.bind(logger) // Alternative way to use custom logger, displays all messages
});
Most of the methods provided by Sequelize are asynchronous and
therefore return Promises. They are all Promises , so you can use the Promise API
(for example, using then
, catch
, finally
)
out of the box.
Command Line
Sequelize provides utilities for generating migrations, models, and seed files. They are exposed through the sequelize-cli command. ### Init Project
$ npx sequelize-cli init
You must create a database user, and update the config/config.json file to match your database settings to complete the initialization process. ### Create Database
npx sequelize-cli db:create
Generate a model and its migration
npx sequelize-cli model:generate --name <ModelName> --attributes <column1>:<type>,<column2>:<type>,...
Run pending migrations
npx sequelize-cli db:migrate
Rollback one migration
npx sequelize-cli db:migrate:undo
Rollback all migrations
npx sequelize-cli db:migrate:undo:all
Generate a new seed file
npx sequelize-cli seed:generate --name <descriptiveName>
Run all pending seeds
npx sequelize-cli db:seed:all
Rollback one seed
npx sequelize-cli db:seed:undo
Rollback all seeds
npx sequelize-cli db:seed:undo:all
Migrations
Create Table (usually used in the up() method)
// This uses the short form for references
return queryInterface.createTable(<TableName>, {
<columnName>: {
type: Sequelize.<type>,
allowNull: <true|false>,
unique: <true|false>,
references: { model: <TableName> }, // This is the plural table
name
// that the column references.
}
});
// This the longer form for references that is less confusing
return queryInterface.createTable(<TableName>, {
<columnName>: {
type: Sequelize.<type>,
allowNull: <true|false>,
unique: <true|false>,
references: {
model: {
tableName: <TableName> // This is the plural table name
}
}
}
});
Delete Table (usually used in the down() function)
return queryInterface.dropTable(<TableName>);
Adding a column
return
queryInteface.addColumn(<TableName>, <columnName>: {
type: Sequelize.<type>,
allowNull: <true|false>,
unique: <true|false>,
references: { model: <TableName> }, // This is the plural table name
// that the column references.
});
Removing a column
return queryInterface.removeColumn(<TableName>, <columnName>);
Model Associations
One to One between Student and Scholarship
student.js
Student.hasOne(models.Scholarship, { foreignKey: 'studentId' });
scholarship.js
Scholarship.belongsTo(models.Student, { foreignKey: 'studentId' });
One to Many between Student and Class
student.js
Student.belongsTo(models.Class, { foreignKey: 'classId' });
class.js
Class.hasMany(models.Student, { foreignKey: 'classId' });
Many to Many between Student and Lesson through StudentLessons table
student.js
const columnMapping = {
through: 'StudentLesson', // This is the model name referencing the join
table.
otherKey: 'lessonId',
foreignKey: 'studentId'
}
Student.belongsToMany(models.Lesson, columnMapping);
lesson.js
const columnMapping = {
through: 'StudentLesson', // This is the model name referencing the join
table.
otherKey: 'studentId',
foreignKey: 'lessonId'
}
Lesson.belongsToMany(models.Student, columnMapping);
Inserting a new item
// Way 1 - With build and save
const pet = Pet.build({
name: "Fido",
petTypeId: 1
});
await pet.save();
// Way 2 - With create
const pet = await Pet.create({
name: "Fido",
petTypeId: 1
});
Updating an item
// Find the pet with id = 1
const pet = await Pet.findByPk(1);
// Way 1
pet.name = "Fido, Sr."
await pet.save;
// Way 2
await pet.update({
name: "Fido, Sr."
});
Deleting a single item
// Find the pet with id = 1
const pet = await Pet.findByPk(1);
// Notice this is an instance method
pet.destroy();
Deleting multiple items
// Notice this is a static class method
await Pet.destroy({
where: {
petTypeId: 1 // Destorys all the pets where the petType is 1
}
});
Query Format
findOne
await <Model>.findOne({
where: {
<column>: {
[Op.<operator>]: <value>
}
},
});
findAll
await <Model>.findAll({
where: {
<column>: {
[Op.<operator>]: <value>
}
},
include: <include_specifier>,
offset: 10,
limit: 2
});
findByPk
await
<Model>.findByPk(<primary_key>, {
include: <include_specifier>
});
Eager loading associations with include
Simple include of one related model.
await Pet.findByPk(1, {
include: PetType
})
Include can take an array of models if you need to include more than one.
await Pet.findByPk(1, {
include: [Pet, Owner]
})
Include can also take an object with keys model and include. This is in case you have nested associations. In this case Owner doesn’t have an association with PetType, but Pet does, so we want to include PetType onto the Pet Model.
await Owner.findByPk(1, {
include: {
model: Pet
include: PetType
}
});
toJSON method
The confusingly named toJSON() method does not return a JSON string but instead returns a POJO for the instance.
// pet is an instance of the Pet class
const pet = await Pet.findByPk(1);
console.log(pet) // prints a giant object with
// tons of properties and methods
// petPOJO is now just a plain old Javascript Object
const petPOJO = pet.toJSON();
console.log(petPOJO); // { name: "Fido", petTypeId: 1 }
Common Where Operators
const Op = Sequelize.Op
[Op.and]: [{a: 5}, {b: 6}] // (a = 5) AND (b = 6)
[Op.or]: [{a: 5}, {a: 6}] // (a = 5 OR a = 6)
[Op.gt]: 6, // > 6
[Op.gte]: 6, // >= 6
[Op.lt]: 10, // < 10
[Op.lte]: 10, // <= 10
[Op.ne]: 20, // != 20
[Op.eq]: 3, // = 3
[Op.is]: null // IS NULL
[Op.not]: true, // IS NOT TRUE
[Op.between]: [6, 10], // BETWEEN 6 AND 10
[Op.notBetween]: [11, 15], // NOT BETWEEN 11 AND 15
[Op.in]: [1, 2], // IN [1, 2]
[Op.notIn]: [1, 2], // NOT IN [1, 2]
[Op.like]: '%hat', // LIKE '%hat'
[Op.notLike]: '%hat' // NOT LIKE '%hat'
[Op.iLike]: '%hat' // ILIKE '%hat' (case insensitive) (PG only)
[Op.notILike]: '%hat' // NOT ILIKE '%hat' (PG only)
[Op.startsWith]: 'hat' // LIKE 'hat%'
[Op.endsWith]: 'hat' // LIKE '%hat'
[Op.substring]: 'hat' // LIKE '%hat%'
[Op.regexp]: '^[h|a|t]' // REGEXP/~ '^[h|a|t]' (MySQL/PG only)
[Op.notRegexp]: '^[h|a|t]' // NOT REGEXP/!~ '^[h|a|t]' (MySQL/PG only)
[Op.iRegexp]: '^[h|a|t]' // ~* '^[h|a|t]' (PG only)
[Op.notIRegexp]: '^[h|a|t]' // !~* '^[h|a|t]' (PG only)
[Op.like]: { [Op.any]: ['cat', 'hat']}
First, make sure you import the models in your JavaScript file. In this case, we are assuming your JavaScript file is in the root of your project and so is the models folder.
const { Recipe, Ingredient, Instruction, MeasurementUnit } = require('./models');
The models folder exports each of the models that you have created. We have these four in our data model, so we will destructure the models to access each table individually.
The associations that you have defined in each of your models will allow you to access data of related tables when you query your database using the include option.
If you want to find all recipes, for the recipe list, you would use the findAll method. You need to await this, so make sure your function is async.
async function findAllRecipes() {
return await Recipe.findAll();
}
If you would like to include all the ingredients so you can create a shopping list for all the recipes, you would use include. This is possible because of the association you have defined in your Recipe and Ingredient models.
async function getShoppingList() {
return await Recipe.findAll({ include: [ Ingredient ] });
}
If you only want to find one where there is chicken in the ingredients list, you would use findOne and findByPk.
async function findAChickenRecipe() {
const chickenRecipe = await Ingredient.findOne({
where: {
foodStuff: 'chicken'
}
});
return await Recipe.findByPk(chickenRecipe.recipeId);
}
Data Access to Create/Update/Delete Rows
You have two options when you want to create a row in a table (where you are saving one record into the table). You can either .build the row and then .save it, or you can .create it. Either way it does the same thing. Here are some examples:
Let’s say we have a form that accepts the name of the recipe (for simplicity). When we get the results of the form, we can:
const newRecipe = await Recipe.build({ title: 'Chicken Noodle Soup' });
await newRecipe.save();
This just created our new recipe and added it to our Recipes table. You can do the same thing like this:
await Recipe.create({ title: 'Chicken Noodle Soup' });
If you want to modify an item in your table, you can use update. Let's say we want to change the chicken noodle soup to chicken noodle soup with extra veggies, first we need to get the recipe, then we can update it.
const modRecipe = await Recipe.findOne({ where: { title: 'Chicken Noodle Soup' } });
await modRecipe.update({ title: 'Chicken Noodle Soup with Extra Veggies' });
To delete an item from your table, you will do the same kind of process. Find the recipe you want to delete and destroy it, like this:
const deleteThis = await Recipe.findOne({ where: { title: 'Chicken Noodle Soup with Extra Veggies' } });
await deleteThis.destroy();
NOTE: If you do not await these, you will receive a promise, so you will need to use .then and .catch to do more with the items you are accessing and modifying.
Documentation
For the data types and validations in your
models, here are the official docs. The sequelize docs are hard to look at, so
these are the specific sections with just the lists:
Sequelize Data Types: https://sequelize.org/v5/manual/data-types.html
Validations: https://sequelize.org/v5/manual/models-definition.html#validations
When you access the data in your queries, here are the operators available,
again because the docs are hard to navigate, this is the specific section with
the list of operators.
Operators: https://sequelize.org/v5/manual/querying.html#operators
The documentation for building, saving, creating, updating and destroying is
linked here, it does a pretty good job of explaining in my opinion, it just has
a title that we have not been using in this course. When they talk about an
instance, they mean an item stored in your table.
Create/Update/Destroy: https://sequelize.org/v5/manual/instances.html


The day TurnTable.fm shut down was the day our office lost one of our favorite ways to pass the day. TurnTable was a really simple idea that let you host a room where 5 DJs would spin their favorite jams to a crowd in a round-robin fashion complete with all the usual social aspects (chat, like, lame, share, etc).
After a long while of mourning we finally decided to try and fill the TurnTable sized hole in our hearts. A few weeks later we finally had an idea of how we might be able to accomplish this. One lunch hour later a prototype was finished. Since then the prototype has evolved into a fully functioning web app known as Stomp. In this presentation we’ll cover the technology bits used to tie together an interesting idea in such a short amount of time and hopefully inspire you to think outside of the box to find simple solutions the next time a wild idea pops into your head.
Myke Bates is a web mastering, movie quoting, horror flick loving, metal music shredding, community building, music platform creating, front/back-end developing, pizza devouring, all around epically bad-ass tech junkie. Myke's a midwest mofo with code dripping from his fingers and stars in his eyes. Listen to him, collab with him, be inspired by him - or don't; this is a bio paragraph not a life coach.


Our Projects
The Secret Scripture
In our new film The Secret Scripture, based on the novel by Sebastian Barry, the six-time Oscar nominated director returns to themes familiar to him: politics, religion, family and truth.
 Being turned into a resort, she refuses to move.
Behind The Scenes
Rooney Mara plays the younger Rose in flashback in 1940s Belfast. The beautiful young waitress is courted by countless suitors from a priest to an air force pilot as the drama around her unfolds against the backdrop of the war. Sheridan adapted the book, which was shortlisted for the Man Booker prize, with Johnny Ferguson.
After debuting the film in Toronto, Sheridan presented the Italian premiere at the Rome Film Fest where he spoke with Filmmaker Magazine about shooting a female-driven story, working with the likes of Rooney Mara and Vanessa Redgrave, and why it’s important to tell the truth. Rooney Mara is quiet, withdrawn, reserved, and the danger is she could overpower people.
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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.


Amethyst
Username
Mac Address
IP Address
Create User
Name
Mac Address
IP Address
Status
{{#each users}}
{{ name }}
{{ mac_address }}
{{ ip_address }}
{{ status }}
{{/each}}


--- creation_epoch:<PHONE_NUMBER> lastmod_epoch:<PHONE_NUMBER> categories: ['Tech Tricks'] title: How bash reads startup files on various distros --- Some notes on how bash reads startup files. Some distros compile with the SYS_BASHRC flag which can add some startup files.
In most cases /etc/bashrc (or similar /etc) files are not read by bash itself by are sourced by other startup files instead. See /etc/profile, ~/.bash* files, ~/.profile, and /etc/skel/.bash* (or .profile) files.
login shell (interactive or non-interactive) /etc/profile First one that is readable ~/.bash_profile ~/.bash_login ~/.profile Can use --noprofile option to disable all of these above options Upon exit reads ~/.bash_logout (and some distros /etc/bash.bash_logout) non-login shell + interactive /etc/bash.bashrc (Ubuntu/Debian SYS_BASHRC special) ~/.bashrc Can use --norc to disable Can use --rcfile to force one specific file instead "sh" invocation /etc/profile ~/.profile
You also see on some distros /etc/bashrc (versus /etc/bash.bashrc). This is typically (see SYS_BASHRC for exception) not read by bash itself but instead sourced by ~/.bashrc (which is typically sourced by ~/.profile or ~/.bash_profile).
Other invocation methods have environment variables that specify a startup file to read. POSIX mode (--posix) turns off startup files except for env.
Consult the bash man page or Bash Reference Manual for more info.
To tell if your distro uses the SYS_BASHRC compile option try "man bash" on your running distro and look in the INVOCATION section.


Welcome to my website!
So glad you could make it. :) A former musicology/biologist, I now spend most of my time trying to code my way out of a box. Please enjoy some of my personal projects and code.Samples of Code:
Interactive Personal Projects:
A demo of Tic-Tac-Toe


This site gives you a wide range of equipments from our most reliable vendors
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{% trans "We are discovering better ways of building communities by connecting people." %}
{% trans "Through this endeavor we have come to value:" %}
- {% trans "Trust" %}{% trans " - which must be respected and never put at risk;" %}
- {% trans "Dialog" %}{% trans " - is the way to establish a truly trustful relationship;" %}
- {% trans "Personal Contact" %}{% trans " - the richest experience, not matched by any media or technology;" %}
- {% trans "Transparency" %}{% trans " - the mean to maintain a sustainable community;" %}
- {% trans "Diversity" %}{% trans " - people have many interests, but if you need a label, label yourself as a human;" %}
- {% trans "Self-organization" %}{% trans " - leaders emerge, but there should be no owners;" %}
- {% trans "Example" %}{% trans " - that's how you must teach, live and learn;" %}
- {% trans "Consistency" %}{% trans " - things take time, intensity is not always the answer;" %}
- {% trans "Give, give, give!" %}{% trans " - you'll be impressed by how fast things will come back;" %}
- {% trans "Do it!" %}{% trans " - as simple as you can, just what is essential to pass it forward." %}
{% trans "Together, these elements build the foundation of a Small Act capable of transforming people's lives." %}
-
{% for signatory in signatories %}
- {% if signatory.url %} {{ signatory.name }} {% else %} {{ signatory.name }} {% endif %} {% endfor %}


--- layout: page title: Lean Prover Zulip Chat Archive permalink: archive/113489newmembers/85867ErrormessageinVSCode.html ---
In tactic mode if there is an error, it lists the current tactic state with n goals, and then the error, followed by the tactic state again. Is there a setting to make it show the error first? Currently I have to scroll down to see the error every time I change something.
Some might say that if you have to scroll down then you have too much in your tactic state :-)
{% endraw %}


Chance Snow
Redhead, web developer, philosopher
About
Blog Archive
Projects
My New(er) Blog
- January 5, 2018
My New Blog
- February 20, 2015


| 1 | Source/Build |
Job (Platform: Python: Node.js:) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| source[a] | source-all[a] | source-hybrid[a] | build[a] | ||
| 1.1 | Desktop skeleton | ||||
| 1.2 | Inline skeleton | ||||
| 1.3 | Native skeleton | ||||
| 1.4 | Website skeleton [c] | N/A | N/A | N/A | [d] |
| 1.5 | Server skeleton | |
N/A | N/A | |
| 1.6 | Mobile skeleton |
| 2 | GUI Tools |
Job (Platform: Python: Node.js:) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| api[a] | api-data | |||
| 2.1 | Desktop skeleton | |||
| 2.2 | Inline skeleton | |||
| 2.3 | Native skeleton | |||
| 2.4 | Website skeleton | |||
| 2.5 | Server skeleton | |||
| 2.6 | Mobile skeleton | |
| 3 | Test |
Job (Platform: Python: Node.js:) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| test[a] | test-source[a] | test-mobile[a] | ||
| 3.1 | Desktop skeleton | N/A | ||
| 3.2 | Inline skeleton | N/A | ||
| 3.3 | Native skeleton | N/A | ||
| 3.4 | Website skeleton | N/A | ||
| 3.5 | Server skeleton | N/A | ||
| 3.6 | Mobile skeleton |
| 4 | Code Maintenance |
Job (Platform: Python: Node.js:) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lint[a] | fix[a] | pretty[b] | translation[a] | ||
| 4.1 | Desktop skeleton | ||||
| 4.2 | Inline skeleton | ||||
| 4.3 | Native skeleton | |
|||
| 4.5 | Server skeleton | ||||
| 4.6 | Mobile skeleton |
| 5 | Shell Tools |
Job (Platform: Python: Node.js:) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| watch[a] | source-server[a] | source-server-reload[a] | source-httpd-config[a] | validate-config | validate-manifest | clean | info | |||
| 5.1 | Desktop skeleton | |||||||||
| 5.2 | Inline skeleton | |||||||||
| 5.3 | Native skeleton | |||||||||
| 5.4 | Website skeleton [c] | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||
| 5.5 | Server skeleton | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||
| 5.6 | Mobile skeleton |
| 6 | Migration |
Job (Platform: Python: Node.js:) |
|---|---|---|
| migration[e] | ||
| 6.1 | Desktop skeleton | |
| Documentation Tests | ||
|---|---|---|
| 7 | Manual | |
| 7.1 | Check index.html (general layout, topic listing) | |
| 7.2 | Check a few content pages (general layout) | |
| 7.3 | Check breadcrumbs | |
| 7.4 | Try the Search tool (number of hits, display of search results) | |
| 7.5 | PDF (don't use index.html link, but qooxdoo.pdf; should be around 500-600 pages) |
Legend:
Ok
()
Mainly Ok
Not
Ok
index.html
. The
demo should run immediately.generate.py
without a job). It will re-create the Website library into the script/
folder. Reload the index.html
to ensure it is working. source/class
folder from the current
skeletonsource/class
folder from the
previous skeletongenerate.py migration
generate.py migration
generate.py source
may or may not terminate normally, and the created application, if any,
may or may not run in the browser.


Selenium Python bindings provides a simple API to write functional/acceptance tests using Selenium WebDriver. Through Selenium Python API you can access all functionalities of Selenium WebDriver in an intuitive way.
Selenium Python bindings provide a convenient API to access Selenium WebDrivers like Firefox, Ie, Chrome, Remote etc. The current supported Python versions are 2.7, 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4.
This documentation explains Selenium 2 WebDriver API. Selenium 1 / Selenium RC API is not covered here.
You can download Python bindings for Selenium from the PyPI page for selenium package. However, a better approach would be to use pip to install the selenium package. Python 3.4 has pip available in the standard library. Using pip, you can install selenium like this:
pip install selenium
You may consider using virtualenv to create isolated Python environments. Python 3.4 has pyvenv which is almost same as virtualenv.
Note
You should have internet connection to perform this installation.
Install Python 3.4 using the MSI available in python.org download page.
Start a command prompt using the cmd.exe program and run the pip command as given below to install selenium.
C:\Python34\Scripts\pip.exe install selenium
Now you can run your test scripts using Python. For example, if you have created a Selenium based script and saved it inside C:\my_selenium_script.py, you can run it like this:
C:\Python34\python.exe C:\my_selenium_script.py
Note
The Selenium server is only required, if you want to use the remote WebDriver. See the Using Selenium with remote WebDriver section for more details. If you are a beginner learning Selenium, you can skip this section and proceed with next chapter.
Selenium server is a Java program. Java Runtime Environment (JRE) 1.6 or newer version is recommended to run Selenium server.
You can download Selenium server 2.x from the download page of selenium website. The file name should be something like this: selenium-server-standalone-2.x.x.jar. You can always download the latest 2.x version of Selenium server.
If Java Runtime Environment (JRE) is not installed in your system, you can download the JRE from the Oracle website. If you are using a GNU/Linux system and have root access in your system, you can also use your operating system instructions to install JRE.
If java command is available in the PATH (environment variable), you can start the Selenium server using this command:
java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.x.x.jar
Replace 2.x.x with actual version of Selenium server you downloaded from the site.
If JRE is installed as a non-root user and/or if it is not available in the PATH (environment variable), you can type the relative or absolute path to the java command. Similarly, you can provide relative or absolute path to Selenium server jar file. Then, the command will look something like this:
/path/to/java -jar /path/to/selenium-server-standalone-2.x.x.jar


Let's round down!
41 is 40, 44 is 40, 45 is also 40, 49 is 40.
It is called round down the ones place.
Since it is an integer calculation, if you divide by 10, it will be 4 instead of 4.4.
Divide by 10, and multiply by 10, completed to round down!
Let's round it up!
49 is 50, 45 is 50, 44 & 41 is also 50, 40 is 40.
It is called round up the ones place.
After rounding down, can it round up by adding 10!?
Oh well, 40 has also turned to 50. Let's judge by the ones place.
"%" is a symbol for calculating the remainder in the world of IchigoJam BASIC.
If the ones place is 0, it rounds down, and if it is 1 or more it rounds up.
Try it!
1. Let's round up the ones place of 72 by the program.
2. Let's make a "rounding off" program that rounds down the ones place if it is 4 or less and rounds up if it is 5 or more.
3. Let's confirm that it can round up the ones place even with "?(N+9)/10*10".
4. Let's make the program for rounding off to the ones place.


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Donate? - https://www.paypal.me/jarbasAI
Cheers!


Diana Alvarado (Merrill ‘19, marine biology) takes drone photographs of female elephant seals at Año Nuevo Natural Reserve. She’s refining an image analysis tool that might enable scientists to easily track seals’ weight without disturbing them.
J. Herman Blake, the visionary founding provost of Oakes College, returned to campus for a momentous occasion: the rededication of the Oakes Provost House in his honor. On campus, he shared recollections of Oakes College before a crowd of well-wishers, including his family and former colleagues.
Voices of alumni, students, and other planners of the Kresge Renewal, with stories about what makes Kresge College special to them and their hopes for the project and the future of the college.


Overcast, 55 degrees and drizzly? Sounds like grilling weather to me!
10/25/2009, 3:44:57 PM
Favs: 0
Retweets: 0
link--- layout: tweet ---
Overcast, 55 degrees and drizzly? Sounds like grilling weather to me!
10/25/2009, 3:44:57 PM
Favs: 0
Retweets: 0
link


{% extends "General/base.html" %} {% load static %} {% block content %}
An email verification link has been sent to the address provided.
Are you sure you want to delete "{{ object }}"?


The writing process can make your brain feel like processed cheese (not to mention your self-esteem). Here are 10 steps for writing that will help you bridge the gap between one-and-done-drafts and that book chapter you’ve been rewriting for years.
-1. I’m assuming you’re writing electronically. If your method is pen and paper, that’s really cool, but not what I am doing here. I will say that writing stuff out can be helpful for steps 1 and/or 2, but I find it just delays the true editing process. I’d rather have electronic text—typically Google Docs—at the ready, since it is more malleable and ready for iteration.
0. Before you begin, and at any of the points listed below, intersperse a walk or other low-impact exercise. This clears your mind but also percolates fresh outlooks and ideas.
1. Start by typing out your goal or idea in a sentence or two. You may also want to type out some high-level points in a list. You can build upon this list or just refer to it once you have more written down.
2. Pour all your thoughts out onto the page unencumbered by structure. Don’t worry about the order of what you have to say, just say it. Keep typing and allow for as few mental roadblocks as you can manage.
3. Look at what you’ve produced and try to find some order in it. Start breaking the text into sections, maybe with some placeholder headers that may or may not make it into the final draft (personally, I love section headers).
4. Reread what you have so far a few times so you can lock the proto-draft into your head. You started with an idea and now you have a bunch of words that ought to be bolstering it. You need to internalize what you just typed out about your original idea.
5. Save your work and walk away—for half a day at least. The odds of you hammering furiously on your keyboard and outputting your final, best draft on the first go are slim to none. You need to stew on what you’ve tried to say to see if it holds water still. Plus, your mind needs to be reset a bit so you can come back with fresh, clever, critical eyes.
6. Open up your document and begin trimming the fat. Rather than look at the whole draft, focus on each paragraph singly. Reduce the amount of words used to express yourself. Combining sentences logically. Smooth out your future reader’s path by removing awkward sentence structure or halting word choices. Usually, I toggle over from Editing to Suggesting in Google Docs so I can see both what I first wrote and my possible revisions simultaneously; I can’t learn without the comparison.
7. Shift back to macro and look at your draft as a whole. Move sections around as necessary (another great pro for using electronic docs). Make a sensible structure of your words and be ready to cut whole paragraphs if they break the flow.
8. When you think you have your final draft, read it out loud slowly. I always find a few pseudo-typos this way (like when I meant to type “our” and instead typed “out” but it didn’t trigger a spellcheck red squiggle because life isn’t fair).
9. If it still doesn’t seem done, put it down for a day. Odds are that what you’ve written is good to go, but you’ve fatigued your mind with the editing process. You need a rest before you make a final call.
10. Return anew and, if all looks well: Publish! Or Email! Print!  Well done! If things still seem awry, revisit steps 6 or 7.
Just remember that we all believe in you and, once you’re done, there are pizza bagels in the freezer.


Yes we accespt Skrill(Moneybooker).
Yes you can cancel your order anytime you want.
You can receive 100% refund anytime for anyreason, there are no strings attached.
You can receive invoice either by mail or by e-mail.


My First Three Pull Requests
In the last couple of weeks I’ve made a few pull requests on Octopress, which is the blogging platform this blog uses. The primary reason I was making the pull requests, oddly enough, was to get a sense of how the process of making changes and improvements on github works. One of the things I picked up from it was a better understanding of the use and nuance of git.
The three pull requests I made were:
The first request got approved, the second is languishing with no current action, and the third got quickly requested, with an excellent conversation.
My improvements to Octopress focused on making minor changes to presentational issues. I got to play around with other people’s Ruby code, learn how Jekyll’s Liquid tagging system works, learn a little bit about SASS and regular expressions, and discuss the particulars of code with project leads.
The pullquote left improvement made the existing pullquote plugin accept an argument of “left” which formats that pullquote on the left side instead of the default of right. I wrote a rudimentary regular expression to match it and modified the existing “has-pullquote” class to create the “pullquote-right” and “pullquote-left” classes which are used by the SASS to format the text properly. A possible future improvement is implementing automated alternating pullquote functionality so that posts with multiple pullquotes switch off between left and right.
My next improvement was a change in the implementation of blockquotes. Octopress has three ways in which the Markdown will translate into blockquotes, and I believe there is a semantic difference in how blockquotes are used which should lead to two related but varied styles of presentation. Blockquotes can be created using a blockquote tag, using Markdown’s ‘>’ which emulates email threading, or by using the liquid tag blockquote which invokes Octopress’ blockquote plugin.
Unfortunately this request is hard to read, because I accidentally made the changes on the same branch and so my pull request accidentally merged changes from the earlier pullquote request. I believe this is part of the reason it’s received little attention. Additionally, I did a poor job of initially explaining why the difference between how the blockquote plugin is invoked , which made arguing that the different versions should be styled differently difficult.
Here’s the basic problem: when someone calls the blockquote plugin using the liquid tag, it adds styling which is entirely appropriate for quoting someone. Specifically, it makes the text larger, by a factor of twenty percent. This formatting applies the same when you’re using Markdown’s right caret to make blockquotes, but this is a different kind of blockquote. Specifically, this blockquote is likely to be nested, and the liquid tag shouldn’t ever be nested. When blockquote styling is nested it scales up. A first level blockquote is 120% of normal text size, second level is 144%, third level is 173%, and fourth level is 207%.
Anyhow, it’s an edge case that people will be invoking nested blockquotes, but it’s certainly a fixable edge case.
The last pull request I made started as an attempt to start building my own plugin. And after a few hours of working on it I discovered that what I was working on duplicated existing functionality. I wanted to implement a “read more” plugin, which would either create a link to the permalink of an article on the blog’s index, or alternately, use javascript to hide content past the read more link until the reader clicked on it.
Two decent implementations of this idea are WordPress’ read more and the Slog’s continue reading. WordPress’ implementation was the one I was most familiar with, and I wanted to do something similar, except I thought that using the liquid tag instead of an html comment might leave devs with future flexibility. After I had spent a couple of hours working to figure out the details of this sort of implementation, I realized that this functionality already existed in Octopress’ octopress_filters plugin, though it used a standard html comment. So I switched gears and thought about how I could improve the existing filter.
As written, this filter lacked a feature which I knew existed in the WordPress version it was modeled after. You couldn’t change the read more text inline, and so what this says to entice the reader to click through remains the same site-wide. I learned from my previous experience and created a separate branch so that my pull request would only have changes made related to this improvement.
I altered the existing regular expressions in post_filters so that they would be slightly more liberal in what they accepted as a read more comment, so that it would include ones which had the alternate text in the tag itself. Then I implemented some conditional logic within the article template using Liquid tagging, so that when the more tag contained alternate link text, that text would be pulled out by the post_filters plugin, then displayed on posts in the blog index. I made a request and within an hour @imathis, Octopress’ creator and maintainer had rejected the request.
I could be disappointed that my request was squarely rejected, but I learned a lot in the process of trying to change the code, and the post-mortem discussion is really valuable in that it lets me see what type of change is wanted on this project.
I don’t know if I’m going to continue trying to improve Octopress, though it might be nice to create a decent footnote plugin for it.


If your C compiler predates ANSI C, you may still be able to use variable argument lists using the macros from the varargs.h header file. These macros resemble their ANSI counterparts, but have important differences in usage. In particular, since traditional C has no declaration mechanism for variable argument lists, two additional macros are provided simply for the purpose of defining functions with variable argument lists.
As with stdarg.h, the type va_list
is used to hold a data
structure representing a variable argument list.


--- permalink: /404.html ---
A part of the University of Nottingham Students' Union, HackSoc is centered around getting its members building, learning, and sharing new tech. Every week we have programming tutorials for complete beginners, advanced topics with guest speakers, and throughout the year we travel to hackathons to team up with other students from around the world.
HackSoc is open to all. From newbies to seasoned developers, as long as you're interested in tech, HackSoc is for you.


I want some help to settle down in Overseas
Australia is one of the top immigration destination in the world. Australia is offering plentry of oppertunities for the new comers with skills. Other tha skilled migrations visa, student visa, Business visa holders can find good opportunites if you go to their with a good understing abount how to settle in the Australia.
How to find a House
The first thing you need to do after going to Australia is finding a house for rent pr buying a house.
Before finding a job in Australia it is hard thing is buy/rent a house because they have many requirements to fullfill.
Even you are a good qualified, skilled migrant, most of the time it can be difficult to find a good job releated to your area.
So what can you do for this ?
Finding a Vehicle and identify rules
Most of the people who is lives their, need a vehicle. There are some sources you can find a vehicle accoring to the budget and preferances. Most important this is need to know about rules while you are on the road. Other wise you have to pay more fines to the Government.
What I need to know about medical
Another most valuable and needful area you need to know is medical system of the Australia. It is just not the way in Asian countries where we are following. Some times you may know health care chargers are very expensive in Australia. It depends on the visa category what you have. There is a procedures in health practice in Australia.
How can I get support ?
If you want to know more about above areas in detail, we will like to help you without any hesitation. First you can have a chance to contact sri lankan consultation via mentioned contacts and then you will be pointed to consultant who lives in Australia.
Mr Nanadathissa
Seeduwa, Sri Lanka
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>+94 762199100
+94 716563010


| I l@ve RuBoard |
Since we're at the end of Part I, we'll just work on a few short exception exercises to give you a chance to play with the basics. Exceptions really are a simple tool, so if you get these, you've got exceptions mastered.
try/except. Write a function called oops that explicitly raises a IndexError exception when called. Then write another function that calls oops inside a try/except statement to catch the error. What happens if you change oops to raise KeyError instead of IndexError? Where do the names KeyError and IndexError come from? (Hint: recall that all unqualified names come from one of three scopes, by the LGB rule.)
Exception lists. Change the oops function you just wrote to raise an exception you define yourself, called MyError, and pass an extra data item along with the exception. Then, extend the try statement in the catcher function to catch this exception and its data in addition to IndexError, and print the extra data item.
Error handling. Write a function called safe(func, *args) that runs any function using apply, catches any exception raised while the function runs, and prints the exception using the exc_type and exc_value attributes in the sys module. Then, use your safe function to run the oops function you wrote in Exercises 1 and/or 2. Put safe in a module file called tools.py, and pass it the oops function interactively. What sort of error messages do you get? Finally, expand safe to also print a Python stack trace when an error occurs by calling the built-in print_exc() function in the standard traceback module (see the Python library reference manual or other Python books for details).
| I l@ve RuBoard |


Started in 2014, SOTA Cyberdragons has been encouraging STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) through challenges tackled with modern technology. Throughout the years incoming members will develop a myriad of skills involving, cooperation and coordination. SOTA Cyberdragons is a team of artists from many backgrounds, banded together in order to form a unique innovation.
Our very first competition was the spring break of 2015 at FRC's Silicon Valley Regional. Although we may have not achieved a notable rank, the experience we have gained from the competition will lead to our development as an outstanding team. This hypothesis proved to be true when in early October we competed in WRRF's CalGames 2015. Here we our results were far better than we expected. We went home with two awards: the Highest Seeding Rookie Award and the Rookie Inspiration Award.
The Ruth Asawa San Francisco School of the Arts offers a highly creative alternative for students who seek in-depth study of the arts as part of their daily high school experience.
Students attend academic classes each morning on a rotating block schedule. In the afternoon, at least 2 to 3 hours daily are devoted to their art discipline, where they are taught and mentored by their Arts Directors and a corps of Artists-in-Residence from the broader arts community. In addition to fulfilling their academic responsibilities, students spend their time in rehearsals, studio time, outside lessons, training, showcases and performances,
With just over 600 students, Asawa SOTA is one of the smallest high schools in the district, and also one of the highest-achieving in standardized test scores and college admissions. The 4-Year Plan meets all University of California A through G requirements and an array of Honors and AP classes give students access to intellectually challenging coursework. The majority of SOTA graduates pursue higher education, most at traditional colleges and universities, and about ten percent at conservatories and art academies nationwide.
SOTA Cyberdragon is a robotics team based in San Francisco, California. We participate in FIRST (For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology), which is an international robotics organizations that includes thousands of teams and hundreds of thousands of students.
Our robotics program fosters ingenuity and champions the growth of well-rounded life skills such as communication, proactivity, and leadership. We are a nonprofit organization that runs a high-budget, and rely on sponsor donations, both in-kind and cash, to support the work we do.


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% set active_page = 'matches' %} {% import "macros.html" as macros %} {%block content%}
| Match ID | Server ID | Start Date | End Date | Status | Num Players | Max Players |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{match.match_id}} | {{match.server_id}} | {{match.start_date | dt}} | {{match.end_date | dt}} | {{match.status}} | {{match.num_players}} | {{match.max_players}} |


Hours worked in 7 days: {{sevenDaysH}} ({{isoDate(sevenDaysDates[0])}} to {{isoDate(sevenDaysDates[1])}})
Hours worked in 14 days: {{fourteenDaysH}} ({{isoDate(fourteenDaysDates[0])}} to {{isoDate(fourteenDaysDates[1])}})
Hours worked in 30 days: {{thirtyDaysH}} ({{isoDate(thirtyDaysDates[0])}} to {{isoDate(thirtyDaysDates[1])}})
Hours worked this week: {{weeklyH}} ({{isoDate(weeklyDates[0])}} to {{isoDate(weeklyDates[1])}})
Hours worked this and previous week: {{biWeeklyH}} ({{isoDate(biWeeklyDates[0])}} to {{isoDate(biWeeklyDates[1])}})
Hours worked this month: {{monthlyH}} ({{isoDate(monthlyDates[0])}} to {{isoDate(monthlyDates[1])}})


{% if bonsai > 750%}
ALL GOOD
BONSAI IS WATERED!
The capactive moisture sensor is currently reading a unitless measurement of:
{{ bonsai }}
Bone dry would read ~200 while extremely wet would read ~2000.
NOT GOOD
WATER MY BONSAI!!!
The capactive moisture sensor is currently reading a unitless measurement of:
{{ bonsai }}
Bone dry would read ~200 while extremely wet would read ~2000.


|
Bullet Collision Detection & Physics Library
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Public Member Functions | |
| ConvertJointsLoop (btSequentialImpulseConstraintSolverMt *solver, const btAlignedObjectArray< btSequentialImpulseConstraintSolverMt::JointParams > &jointParamsArray, btTypedConstraint **srcConstraints, const btContactSolverInfo &infoGlobal) | |
| void | forLoop (int iBegin, int iEnd) const BT_OVERRIDE |
| Public Member Functions inherited from btIParallelForBody | |
| virtual | ~btIParallelForBody () |
Public Attributes | |
| btSequentialImpulseConstraintSolverMt * | m_solver |
| const btAlignedObjectArray< btSequentialImpulseConstraintSolverMt::JointParams > & | m_jointParamsArray |
| btTypedConstraint ** | m_srcConstraints |
| const btContactSolverInfo & | m_infoGlobal |
Definition at line 664 of file btSequentialImpulseConstraintSolverMt.cpp.
|
inline |
Definition at line 671 of file btSequentialImpulseConstraintSolverMt.cpp.
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inlinevirtual |
Implements btIParallelForBody.
Definition at line 680 of file btSequentialImpulseConstraintSolverMt.cpp.
| const btContactSolverInfo& ConvertJointsLoop::m_infoGlobal |
Definition at line 669 of file btSequentialImpulseConstraintSolverMt.cpp.
| const btAlignedObjectArray<btSequentialImpulseConstraintSolverMt::JointParams>& ConvertJointsLoop::m_jointParamsArray |
Definition at line 667 of file btSequentialImpulseConstraintSolverMt.cpp.
| btSequentialImpulseConstraintSolverMt* ConvertJointsLoop::m_solver |
Definition at line 666 of file btSequentialImpulseConstraintSolverMt.cpp.
| btTypedConstraint** ConvertJointsLoop::m_srcConstraints |
Definition at line 668 of file btSequentialImpulseConstraintSolverMt.cpp.


These handy Netflix codes make it easy to find your favourite Christmas films
Here are a bunch of shortcuts to get right to the good stuff
Netflix is packed full of Christmas movies, and it’s just become a lot easier to find the best of the best.
A number of secret cheat codes exist to send you straight to every single type of the hundreds of Christmas movies on the service.
- Read more: The best comedies on Netflix right now
All you have to do is pop www.netflix.com/browse/genre/ into your browser, followed by the following codes, depending on what specific type of festive cheer you’d like.
- British Christmas Children & Family Films – 1527064
- Canadian Christmas Children & Family Films – 1721544
- Christmas Children & Family Films – 1474017
- Christmas Children & Family Films for ages 5 to 7 – 1477201
- Christmas Children & Family Films for ages 8 to 10 – 1477204
- Christmas Children & Family Films for ages 11 to 12 – 1477206
- Christmas Children & Family Films from the 1990s – 1476024
- European Christmas Children & Family Films – 1527063
- Feel-good Christmas Children & Family Films – 1475066
- Goofy Christmas Children & Family Films – 1475071
Billy Bob Thornton in ‘Bad Santa’
A new Christmas movie, Let It Snow, is set to come to Netflix this month, and will star Sabrina actor Kiernan Shipka.
The adaptation of a bestselling book by John Green, Maureen Johnson and Lauren Myracle, Let It Snow tells the story of a freak snowstorm hitting a small town on Christmas eve, sending everything into chaos.


Look up at the stars and not down at your feet. Try to make sense of what you see, and wonder about what makes the universe exist.
Be curious.
Like many other people, I enjoy spending my free time increasing my knowledge of Web. Developing and building new and challenging projects.
Some of my latest & greatest projects
A react app allow user to view his/her shipment record at a glance. Tech stack used for this application are React and RESTapi.
A vue CRUD app build with vue js, vuex and vue router. The app let users add & edit post, create new categories and update category.
The app let users add new todo, delete todo, edit todo and also seperate the todos into active and completed groups
This is a website for a client operating in the Forensics sector and needed a site to reflect a professional image that matches this environment.
Esha's Collection is one of the fastest growing online stores of Bangladesh. They are the premier designer brand for elegant Men’s & Women’s wear.
The project is a JavaScript application that show-cases the use of various crucial JavaScript topics like Objects functions prototypes IIFE Closures and many more.
Phoenix Tours is a high-quality local tour operator in Bangladesh. We are specialists in organizing tours and excursions in Bangladesh for foreign & national tourists.
I always enjoy learning new things. Especially the technologies that make your company special.
Want to get in touch? I share my passion for development anywhere I can.
There are many advantages to working with me. Here are a few:
Big believer in the fact that the greatest work is done by passionate people.
Confident in my ability to learn something new and put it into production. Thrive in fast-paced and competitive environments.
Always excited to learn new things. The most valuable thing I can provide to your company is the ability to be molded to your stack.
I don't like to brag, but I don't mind letting our clients do it for us. Here are a few nice things folks have said about my work.


The following is a list of things which still need implemented. If you have something you would like to add please send an email to jakewharton@gmail.com.


{% extends "splunkdj:base_with_app_bar.html" %} {% load splunkmvc %} {% block title %}Multi-Panel Dashboard - Web Framework Toolkit{% endblock title %} {% block css %} {% endblock css %} {% block content %}
This example shows a dashboard with multiple rows, each containing a different number of cells. This row contains a single cell.
Source file: $SPLUNK_HOME/etc/apps/splunk_wftoolkit/django/splunk_wftoolkit/templates/dashboard_stencil2.html
You can use this code template as a starting point for your own app—copy and paste the source code from this template into your own template, and then edit it.
To learn how to use the template, see the comments in the source file.